XV EPA
US EPA Office of Mobile Sources
EPA420-B-98-001
EXHAUST EMISSION CERTIFICATION STANDARDS
Federal Test Procedure (FTP)
Federal and California Programs
Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light Light-Duty Trucks
(grams/mile)
Vehicle
Type
Emission
Category
Vehicle Useful Life
5 Years / 50,000 Miles
10 Years / 100.000 Miles
THC NMHC NMOG
THC M NMHC 131 NMOG 111
HCHO
HCHO
Federal
Her 0
Tier 1
0.20.08
Her 0 1261
Tier 1
LDT1
0-4U0
Tier 0 1261
Tier 1
LDT2
0.13). 10
California
Tier 0
Tier 1
0.015
M0.08
[10]
MO.08
TLEV
LEV
0.125
0.075
0.015
0.015
0.156
0.090
0.018
0.018
[1°i0.08
o.o&oo
ULEV
ZEV
0.040
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.055
0.000
0.011
0.000
0.000
[10]
M0.08
LDT1
Tier 0
Tier 1
oms
[10]
MQ.08
TLKV
LEV
0.125
0.075
0.015
0.015
0.156
0.090
0.018
0.018
mo.08
o.o&oo
ULEV
ZEV
0.040
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.055
0.000
0.011
0.000
0.000
[10]
MO.08
LDT2
Tier 0
Tier 1
oms
[10]
MO.10
TLEV
LEV
0.160
0.100
0.018
0.018
0.200
0.130
0.023
0.023
mo. 10
ULEV
0.050
0.009
0.070
0.013
Last Modified: 3/24/98
0.05

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<»EPA
US EPA Office of Mobile Sources
EPA420-B-98-001
EXHAUST EMISSION CERTIFICATION STANDARDS
Federal Test Procedure (FTP)
Federal and California Programs
Heavy Light-Duty Trucks (federal) and Medium-Duty Vehicles (California)
(grams/mile)
Vehicle
Type
Emission
Category
Vehicle Useful Life
5 Years / 50,000 Miles
11 Years 7 120,000 Miles
NMHC 131 NMOG 111
NMHC NMOG111
HCHCJ
HCHCj
Federal
LDT3
Tier 0
Tier 1
LDT4
Tier 0
Tier 1
California
MDV1
Tier 0
Tier 1
0.180
ULEV
0.008
0.107
MDV2
Tier 0
imO.018
Tier 1
cnrarL8
0.009
LEV
ULEV
0.160
0.100
0.230
0.143
SULEV
0.050
0.072
MDV3
Tier 0
Tier 1
0.280
ULEV
0.167
SULEV
0.006
0.084
MDV4
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
0.230
0.138
0.330
0.197
SULEV
0.069
0.100
MDV5
Tier 1
W036
0.300
0.430
ULEV
0.180
0.018
0.257
SULEV
0.090
0.009
0.130
Last Modified: 3/24/98
0.06

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v>EPA
US EPA Office of Mobile Sources
EPA420-B-98-001
EXHAUST EMISSION CERTIFICATION STANDARDS
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP)
Federal and California Programs
Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars), Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles
(grams/mile)
Vehicle
Type
Emission
4.000 Miles
5 Years / 50.000 Miles
10 Years / 100.000 Miles
A/C TEST
Category
USOb TEST
COMPOSITE
NMHC+NOx
A/C TEST
CO
COMPOSITE
CO
COMPOSITE
NMHC+NOx
A/C TEST
CO
COMPOSITE
CO
NMHC+NOx
NMHC+NOx
Federal
Tier 1
LDT1
Tier 1
LDT2
Tier 1
0.65 1.02
LDT3
Tier 1
LDT4
Tier 1
Tier 1/TLEV
California
LEV/ULEV
Tier 1/TLEV 1271
LEV/ULEV
LDT1
Tier 1/TLEV
LDT2
LEV/ULEV
MDV1
MDV2
LEV/ULEV/SULEV
MDV3
LEV/ULEV/SULEV
MDV4
MDV5
Last Modified: 3/24/98

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«»EPA
US EPA Office of Mobile Sources
EPA420-B-98-001
EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Federal and California Programs
Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars), Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles
Vehicle
Type
lest
Procedure
Emission
Category
Model Year
Federal
Tier 0
lier 1
Undetermined
LDT1
SFTP
lier 1
LDT2
lier 0
lier 1
Undetermined
SFTP
Tier 1
LDT3
Tier 0
Tier 1
Undetermined
LDT4
SFTP
Tier 1
California
Tier 0
Tier 1
80% Min
0.250
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
LDT1
TLEV
0.231
NMOG
Meet Ave.
0.225
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
0.202
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
0.157
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
0.113
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
0.073
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
0.070
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
0.068
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
0.062
NMOG
Fleet Ave.
LEV
ULEV
Undetermined
\l 10% Min
i\ 50% Min
SFTP
lier 1
l\ 85% Min
\l
l\ 100%
\!
<\ 25% Min
1LEV
LEV
l\ 50% Min
!\ 85% Min
\/
/\ 100%
\/
'\25% Min
ULEV
lier 0
60% Max
20% Max
LDT2
LEV
ULEV
SFTP
Tier 1
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
MDV1
MDV5
FTP
Tier 0
Tier 1
LEV
CULEV
C SULEV1
MDV2
&
MDV3
SFTP
CLEV
CULEV
SULEV
0.295
NMOG
/Fleet Avg.
\
0.287
\
0.260
\
0.205
\
0.150
NMOG
NMOG
NMOG
NMOG
/Fleet Avg.
/Fleet Avg.
/Fleet Avg.
/Fleet Avg. ,
0.099
NMOG
/Fleet Avg.
0.098
NMOG
'Fleet Avg.
\ 25% Min
\ 25% Min
0.095
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
50% Min
50% Min
100%
100%
100% | 50% Max
0%
0.093
NMOG
Fleet Avg.
'\ 85% Min
'\ 85% Min
Undetermined
100%
100%
60% Max
40% Min
25% Min
60% Max
40% Min
50% Min
60% Max
40% Min
100%
60% Max
40% Min
Last Modified: 3/24/98

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a CDA
US EPA Office of Mobile Sources
otPA
EPA420-B-98-001

Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes. Abbreviations, and Definitions

FOOTNOTES TO THE TABLES OF EMISSION STANDARDS
Page 1 of 7


1. NMHC FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

2. THCE FOR METHANOL VEHICLES

3. THCE FOR TIER 0 METHANOL VEHICLES, NMHCE FOR OTHER ALCOHOL VEHICLES

4. APPLIES TO DIESEL VEHICLES ONLY

5. DOES NOT APPLY TO CNG VEHICLES

6. CNG VEHICLES ONLY

7. 1.0 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES THROUGH 2003 MODEL YEAR

8. DOES NOT APPLY TO DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

9. 1.25 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES THROUGH 2003 MODEL YEAR

10. DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES ONLY

11. METHANOL AND ETHANOL VEHICLES ONLY

12. GASOLINE VEHICLES ONLY

13. 0.7 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

14. 1.0 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

15. 1.1 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

16. 1.5 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

17. 1.3 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

18. 1.8 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

19. 2.0 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

20. 2.8 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

21. 1.48 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

22. 2.07 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

23. OTHER EQUIVALENT SCHEDULES ALLOWED.

24. PC/LDV & LDT1 COMBINED WITH LDT2 FOR TIER 1 PHASE-IN

25. PC/LDV & LDT1 COMBINED WITH LDT2 FOR SFTP PHASE-IN

26. STANDARDS APPLY AT A USEFUL LIFE OF 11 YEARS / 120,000 MILES

27. GASOLINE AND DIESEL VEHICLES ONLY

Last Modified: 3/24/98

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Exhaust Emission Standards
Footnotes. Abbreviations, and Definitions
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TABLES OF EMISSION STANDARDS
Page 2 of 7


ALVV Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight

CO Carbon Monoxide

FTP Federal Test Procedure

GVW Gross Vehicle Weight Rating

HCH Formaldehyde

HDV Heavy-duty Vehicle [California definition] [federal definition]

HLD' Heavy Light-duty Truck

LDT Light-duty Truck [California definition] [federal definition]

LDT1 Light-duty Truck 1

LDT2 Light-duty Truck 2

LDT3 Light-duty Truck 3

LDT4 Light-duty Truck 4

LDV Light-duty Vehicle

LLD1 Light Light-duty Truck

LEV Low Emission Vehicle

LVW Loaded Vehicle Weight

MDV Medium-duty Vehicle

NML Non-methane Hydrocarbon

NMC Non-methane Organic Gases

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PC Passenger Car

PM Particulate Matter

SFTP Supplemental Federal Test Procedure

SULE Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle

THC Total Hydrocarbon

TLEV Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle

TW Test Weight

ULE\ Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle

ZEV Zero-Emission Vehicle

Last Modified: 3/24/98

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Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes. Abbreviations, and Definitions

FEDERAL DEFINITIONS
Page 3 of 7


Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight (ALVW)

The numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. (40 CFR 86.094-2)

[Note: The federal "adjusted loaded vehicle weight" definition is identical to the California

definition for "test weight."]

Approach Angle

the automobile is standing and a line tangent to the front tire static loaded radius

arc and touching the underside of the automobile forward of the front tire. (40 CFR 86.084-2)

Axle Clearance

The vertical distance from the level surface on which an automobile is standing to the lowest

point on the axle differential of the automobile. (40 CFR 86.084-2)

Basic Vehicle Frontal Area

The area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis,

which includes tires but excludes mirrors and air deflectors, onto

a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (40 CFR 86.082-2)

Breakover Angle

The supplement of the largest angle, in the plan side view of an automobile, that can be formed

by two lines tangent to the front and rear static loaded radii arcs and intersecting

at a point on the underside of the automobile. (40 CFR 86.084-2)

Departure Angle

the automobile is standing and a line tangent to the rear tire static loaded radius

arc and touching the underside of the automobile rearward of the rear tire. (40 CFR 86.084-2)

Federal Test Procedure (FTP)

The test procedure as described in 40 CFR 86.130-00 paragraphs (a) through (d) and (f) which is

designed to measure urban driving tail pipe exhaust emissions and

evaporative emissions over the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule as described in 40 CFR

part 86 appendix I. (40 CFR 86.000-2)

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)

The value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single

vehicle. (40 CFR 86.082-2)

Heavy Light-Duty Truck (HLDT)

Heavy light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated greater than 6,000 lbs GVWR. (40 CFR

86.094-2)

Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV)

Any motor vehicle rated at more than 8,500 pounds GVWR or that has a vehicle curb weight of

more than 6000 pounds or that has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 45

square feet. (40 CFR 86.082-2)

Incomplete Truck

Any truck which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached. (40 CFR

86.082-2)

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Exhaust Emission Standards
Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions
FEDERAL DEFINITIONS - CONTINUED
Page 4 of 7
Light Light-Duty Truck (LLDT)
Light light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated up through 6,000 lbs GVWR. (40 CFR
86.094-2)
[Note: The definition for this category of trucks is essentially identical to the California
definition for "light-duty truck.")
Light-Duty Truck (LDT)
Any motor vehicle rated at 8,500 pounds GVWR or less which has a vehicle curb weight of 6,000
pounds or less and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of 45 square feet or
less, which is:
(1)	Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivation of such a
vehicle, or
(2)	Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a capacity of more than 12 persons,
or
(3)	Available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use. (40 CFR
86.082-2)
Light-Duty Truck 1 (LDT1)
Any light light-duty truck up through 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.094-2)
Light-Duty Truck 2 (LDT2)
Any light light-duty truck greater than 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.094-2)
Light-Duty Truck 3 (LDT3)
Any heavy light-duty truck up through 5,750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.094
2)
Light-Duty Truck 4 (LDT4)
Any heavy light-duty truck greater than 5,750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR
86.094-2)
Light-Duty Vehicle (LDV)
A passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 passengers or less.
[Note: The federal "light-duty vehicle" definition is essentially identical to the California
definition for "passenger car."]
Loaded Vehicle Weight (LVW)
The vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds. (40 CFR 86.082-2)
SC03 Cycle
The test cycle, described in 40 CFR 86.160-00 and listed in appendix I, paragraph (a), of 40 CFR
part 86, which is designed to represent driving immediately following startup.
(40 CFR 86.000-2)
Last Modified: 3/24/98

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Exhaust Emission Standards
Footnotes. Abbreviations, and Definitions
FEDERAL DEFINITIONS - CONTINUED
Page 5 of 7


Special Features Enabling Off-Street Or Off-Highway Operation And Use

A vehicle:

(1) That has 4-wheel drive; and

(2) That has at least four of the following characteristics calculated when the automobile is at

curb weight, on a level surface, with the front wheels parallel to the vehicle's

longitudinal centerline, and the tires inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure;

(i) Approach angle of not less than 28 degrees;

(ii) Breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees;

(iii) Departure angle of not less than 20 degrees;

(iv) Running clearance of not less than 8 inches;

(v) Front and rear axle clearances of not less than 7 inches each. (40 CFR 86.084-2)

Supplemental Federal Test Procedure

The additional test procedures designed to measure emissions during aggressive and

microtransient driving, as described in 40 CFR 86.159-00 over the US06 cycle, and also

the test procedure designed to measure urban driving emissions while the vehicle's air

conditioning system is operating, as described in 40 CFR 86.160-00 over the SC03 cycle. (40 CFR

86.000-2)

US06

The test cycle, described in 40 CFR 86.159-00 and listed in appendix 1, paragraph (g) of 40 CFR

part 86, which is designed to evaluate emissions during aggressive and

microtransient driving. (40 CFR 86.000-2)

Vehicle Curb Weight (VCW)

The actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of the vehicle in operational status with all

standard equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of

optional equipment computed in accordance with 40 CFR 86.082-24; incomplete light-duty

trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer. (40 CFR 86.082-2)

Last Modified: 3/24/98

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Exhaust Emission Standards
Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions
CALIFORNIA DEFINITIONS
Page 6 of 7
Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV)
Any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating greater than 6000
pounds, except passenger cars.
Incomplete Vehicle
Any vehicle which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached. In
situations where individual marketing relationships makes the status of the vehicle
questionable, the Executive Officer shall determine whether a specific model complies with the
definition of incomplete vehicle.
Light-Duty Truck (LDT)
Any motor vehicle, rated at 6000 pounds gross vehicle weight or less, which is designed
primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or
is available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use.
[Note: The California "light-duty truck" definition is essentially identical to the federal definition
for "light light-duty truck."]
Light-Duty Truck 1 (LDT1)
Any light-duty truck up through 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight.
[Note: California does not use the terms "light-duty truck 1" and "light-duty truck 2" in an
official sense. However, they subdivide their light-duty trucks of less than 6000 pounds
GVWR based on LVW in exactly the same way the federal regulations do, so these terms are
applied to California emission standards to facilitate comparison.]
Light-Duty Truck 2 (LDT2)
Any light-duty truck greater than 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight.
[Note: California does not use the terms "light-duty truck 1" and "light-duty truck 2" in an
official sense. However, they subdivide their light-duty trucks of less than 6000 pounds
GVWR based on LVW in exactly the same way the federal regulations do, so these terms are
applied to California emission standards to facilitate comparison.]
Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV)
Any vehicle certified to low-emission standards.
Medium-Duty Vehicle (MDV)
Any pre-1995 model year heavy-duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight
rating of 8,500 pounds or less, any 1992 and subsequent model year heavy-duty low-emission,
ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-low-emission or zero-emission vehicle
having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or less, or any 1995 and
subsequent model year heavy duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating
of 14,000 pounds or less. Medium-duty vehicles are subdivided into
five classes (MDV1-MDV5) based on vehicle test weight.
Non-Methane Organic Gases (NMOG)
The total mass of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions.
Passenger Car (PC)
Any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of persons and having a design
capacity of 12 persons or less.
[Note: The California "passenger car" definition is essentially identical to the federal definition
for "light-duty vehicle."]

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Exhaust Emission Standards
Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions
CALIFORNIA DEFINITIONS - CONTINUED
Page 7 of 7
Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (SULEV)
Any medium-duty vehicle certified to super-ultra-low-emission standards.
Test Weight (TW)
The average of the vehicle's curb weight and gross vehicle weight.
[Note: The California "test weight" definition is identical to the federal definition of "adjusted
loaded vehicle weight."]
Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle (TLEV)
Any vehicle certified to transitional low-emission standards.
Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (ULEV)
Any vehicle certified to ultra-low emission standards.
Zero-emission vehicle (ZEV)
Any vehicle certified to zero-emission standards.
Last Modified: 3/24/98

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