September 2018
EPA 823-N-18-009
This issue of the Fish and Shellfish Program Newsletter generally focuses on harmful
algal blooms (HABs).
vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Fash arid Shellfish Program newsletter
In This Issue
Recent Advisory News	1
EPA News					4
Other News	7
Recently Awarded Research	9
Tech and Tools			11
Recent Publications	12
Upcoming Meetings
and Conferences				14
Recent Advisory News
v
Health Advisories and Closures for California
Finfish, Shellfish, and Crustaceans
The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) coordinates a routine monitoring
program along the California coast to sample mussels and other shellfish like clams and
scallops for the presence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and domoic acid toxins.
Commercial shellfish harvesters are also required to provide weekly shellfish samples to
CDPH for PSP toxin assay and domoic acid analysis. If toxin levels are high enough,
warnings and quarantines are issued to protect the recreational fishing public and
shellfish consumers.
CDPH also has a coastwide, volunteer-based phytoplankton monitoring program which
detects the naturally occurring, microscopic algae that produce PSP and domoic acid
toxins. When toxin levels begin increasing, CDPH may expand its shellfish sampling effort
to include other seafood species. If toxin levels increase beyond the federal alert level for
either toxin, then CDPH will immediately issue a health advisory for all potentially
impacted seafood species in the affected region.
This newsletter provides information
only. This newsletter does not
impose legally binding requirements
on the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), states, tribes, other
regulatoiy authorities, or the
regulated community. The Office of
Science and Technology, Office of
Water, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency has approved this newsletter
for publication. Mention of trade
names, products, or sen/ices does
not convey and should not be
interpreted as conveying official EPA
approval, endorsement, or
recommendation for use.
https://www.eDa.gov/fish-tech
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) website was established as a
source of information for fishermen and the fishing industry. When circumstances
arise, CDPH warnings, quarantine information, and health advisories about consuming
California's ocean finfish, shellfish, and crustaceans are posted there.
The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) also
issues consumption advisories based on the amount of mercury or other chemical
contaminants found in finfish, shellfish, and crustaceans. Safe eating guidelines to help
the public reduce its exposure to chemicals in sport fish are also available from OEHHA.
CDPH and CDFW advise recreational and commercial fishers to check their web pages
frequently, or call the Domoic Acid Fishery Closure Information Line at 831-649-2883 for
the most up-to-date information on health advisories and fisheries closures.
This newsletter provides a monthly summary of news about fish and shellfish

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Fish and Shellfish Program newsletter
September 2018
Spiny Lobster Fisheries: Open and Closed Ocean Waters
•	The recreational spiny lobster fishery is open statewide. The fishery is open every year from 6:00
a.m. on the Saturday preceding the first Wednesday in October through the first Wednesday after the 15th
of March per California Code of Regulations Title 14, Section 29.90(a).
•	The commercial spiny lobster fishery is open statewide. The fishery is open every year between the
first Wednesday in October and the first Wednesday after the 15th of March per California Code of
Regulations Title 14, Section 121(a).
Dungeness and Rock Crab Fisheries: Open and Closed Ocean Waters
Recreational Fisheries for Dungeness Crab and Rock Crab
•	The recreational fishery for all rock crab species is open statewide. North of 40°00.00'N. lat.,
near the Mendocino/Humboldt county line, the CDPH recommends that consumers not eat the viscera
(internal organs, also known as "butter" or "guts") of crabs. The viscera usually contain much higher levels
of domoic acid than crab body meat.
•	The recreational fishery for Dungeness crab is closed statewide. Every year, the fishery is closed
for a period of time through the first Saturday in November per California Code of Regulations Title 14,
Section 29.85(a)(2).
Commercial Fisheries for Dungeness Crab and Rock Crab
•	The commercial rock crab fishery is open from near the Mendocino /Humboldt county
line (40°00.00T N. lat.) to the U.S./Mexico border as of April 20, 2018. The fishery closure north of the
Mendocino/Humboldt county line will remain in effect until state health agencies determine that domoic
acid levels no longer pose a significant risk to public health and recommend the fisheries be opened, and
the director of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) provides notification of fishery
reopening to commercial fishermen.
•	The commercial fishery for Dungeness crab is closed statewide. Every year, the fishery is closed
for a period of time through November 14 (south of the Mendocino/Sonoma county line) or December 1
(north of the Mendocino/Sonoma county line) per Fish and Game Code Section 8276. The opening date
may be delayed due to poor crab market readiness.
Razor Clam Fishery Closure
•	As of April 27, 2016 the recreational take and possession of razor clam is prohibited from Humboldt
and Del Norte county beaches until further notice.
•	Read the CDFW Declaration of Fisheries Closure Due to a Public Health Threat Caused bv Elevated Levels
of Domoic Acid in Razor Clams (January 30, 2017).
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•	See the latest information on domoic acid levels in razor r.lams in Del Norte and Humboldt counties (scroll
down the page to the Links section).
Additional Information
The following resources are available:
•	Domoic Acid Fishery Closure Information Line: 831-649-2883
•	Shellfish Biotoxin Information Line: 510-412-4643 or toll-free at 800-553-4133
(Maintained by CDPH)
•	Crabs web page (Links to CDFW website)
•	Domoic Acid FAQs (Links to CDPH website)
•	Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Program (Links to CDPH website)
•	Annual Mussel Quarantine (Links to CDPH website)
•	Shellfish Program (Links to CDPH website)
•	Phvtoplankton Monitoring Program (Links to CDPH website)
•	Fukushima Disaster Information (Links to CDFW website)
•	Harmful Algae web page (Links to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute website)
•	Harmful Algal Blooms (CDFW 2011 Status of the Fisheries Report)
•	Oregon Recreational Shellfish Biotoxin Closures
•	Washington Shellfish Safety Information
For more information contact AskMarine@wildlife.ca.gov or 831-649-2870.
Source: https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/fishing/ocean/health-advisories
State Updates Your Guide to Eating Fish Caught in Florida
The Florida Department of Health (DOH), the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), the Florida
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC), and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services (DACS) operate jointly to determine if environmental chemicals are present in fish from Florida waters. In
most instances, FFWCC determines what fish species should be sampled and collects those samples. DEP measures
the levels of chemicals in the fish tissue. DOH determines the potential for adverse human health effects from
consuming fish and issues fish consumption advisories when needed. DACS provides input on issues related to
commercially available seafood (grocery stores, etc.) in Florida.
Recently, DOH revised "Your Guide to Eating Fish Caught in Florida" (March 2018) and it can be read here:
http://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/prevention/healthv-weight/nutrition/seafood-
consumption/ documents/ advisorv-brochure.pdf.
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The most current fish advisories are available in a searchable
database online at
https://dchpexternalapps.doh.state.fl.us/fishadvisorv/. The public
can look up advisories by waterbody type (fresh or marine), county,
and specific location. Results show consumption guidance and the
contaminant causing the advisory for the waterbody.
More information about fish consumption advisories in Florida can
be found here: http://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-
services/ prevention/healthy-weight/ nutrition/seafood-
consumption/fish-advisories-page.html.
For more information, contact the Florida Department of Health
Public Health Toxicology Section at phtoxicologv@flhealth.gov or
850-245-4250.	Your Guide to Eating Fish Caught in Florida. (Image
courtesy of Florida DOH)
Source: http://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-
services/prevention/healthv-weight/nutrition/seafood-consumption/advisorv-overview.html
EPA News
The Cyanobacteria Assessment Network - Recent Success in
Harmful Algal Bloom Detection
Cyanobacteria blooms, which can become harmful algal blooms (HABs), are a huge environmental problem across
the U.S. They are capable of producing dangerous toxins that threaten the health of humans and animals, the
quality of drinking water supplies, and the ecosystems in which they develop. Scientists at EPA are part of a team of
specialists using remote sensing data to improve cyanobacteria detection methods. Improving the detection process
would help state environmental and health agencies better determine whether to post public advisories to protect
human health.
The Cyanobacteria Assessment Network (CyAN), a multi-agency project involving EPA, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS), uses historical and current satellite data to provide an early warning indicator system for HABs in
U.S. freshwater systems. Since the project's inception in October 2015 CyAN imagery has been used to detect algal
blooms in Ohio, Florida, California, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and
Utah before traditional monitoring efforts alerted watershed managers.
Due to the severity of Utah's cyanobacteria blooms in 2016, EPA Region 8 requested technical assistance from EPA
Office of Research and Development (ORD) to utilize CyAN's early warning indicator system to support
cyanobacteria monitoring activities for the State of Utah. Satellite data products and imagery acquired
approximately one week after the Utah Division of Water Quality's (UDWQ's) routine monthly sampling in mid-
Your Guide
To Eating
Fish Caught
In Florida
Fish Consumption Advisories
are published periodically by the
State of Florida to alert consumers
about the possibility of chemically
contaminated fish in Florida water
The advisories are meant to infonr
the public of potential health risks
of specific fish species from sped
water bodies.
Florida Department of Health
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Fish and Shellfish Program newsletter
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June identified that a bloom was developing in Provo Bay. Based on this information UDWQ scientists returned to
the area for follow-up sampling.
"The images we've been receiving through
the CyAN project have been tremendously
helpful to UDWQ. The near-daily spatial
extent and relative magnitude coverage
provides the foundation for a wide range of
useful outputs," said Benjamin M. Holcomb,
Coordinator of Biological Assessment and
HAB Programs with UDWQ.
Mr. Holcomb explained that by providing
near-immediate alerts when cyanobacteria
are reaching human health thresholds, CyAN
gives organizations like UDWQ the ability to
respond more quickly than if they were
relying on public reports and monthly sampling. It also ensures that their in-situ, bloom-response data are
representative of recent bloom conditions, which allows them to better target field sampling and more efficiently
use their limited resources. Also, Mr. Holcomb added that the satellite images can be easily shared with response
agencies as a useful visual communication aid.
The goal of this project is to provide access to satellite images and data on the concentration and extent of
chlorophyll-a and cyanobacteria in the continental U.S. through an Android mobile application and other
interactive resources. As CyAN continues to grow, so will scientists' understanding of the connections between
human health, economic values, and environmental conditions to cyanobacteria and phytoplankton blooms.
For more information contact, EPA Office of Science Information Management at the following link:
https://mvw.epa.gov/sciencematters/forms/contact-us-about-science-matters
Source: https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/cvanobacteria-assessment-network-recent-success-harmful-algal-
bloom-detection
ORD Developing Methods for Measuring Total Microcystins in Fish
Tissue
EPA ORD is developing methods for measuring total microcystins in fish tissue using the 2-methoxy-3-methyl-4-
phenylbutyric acid (MMPB) procedure. ORD has completed the first phase of this research. Existing fillet and whole
fish homogenates were spiked with three congeners of microcystins (LR, LA, and RR) both individually and as
mixtures to develop a method for their recovery and measurement using the MMPB derivatization method. The
Sentinel-2 image - June 27, 2017 showing
an algal bloom in Provo Bay.
CyAN 53 image of an algal bloom showing
areas of highest cyanobacteria
concentrations: June 25, 2017.
UDWQ used CyAN data productsand imagery to monitor evolving alga! bloomsand
deploy additional sampling resources. (Images courtesy of EPA)
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second phase of the project is to field-test this method on fish collected
from waterbodies experiencing algal blooms and compare results with
individual congener measurements.
ORD will be using fish from lakes, reservoirs, or rivers that have been
exposed to algal toxins on a frequent basis, including golden algae
blooms (ORD will be developing a method for testing Prymnesins at a
later date). ORD will process those fish and assess them for total
microcystin using the MMPB method. To date, fish samples have been
received from Lake Okeechobee in Florida, Utah Lake in Utah, and
Bantam Lake in Connecticut.
More Information on Fish Samples
ORD is using three to five fish of similar size (<25% difference in length) from multiple trophic levels (bass, carp,
channel catfish, bullheads, sunfish, gizzard shad) and minnows (20 or more) using the size criteria (when possible)
in the table to above.
For more information on this effort, contact Jim Lazorchak at Lazorchak.Jim@epa.gov and Toby Sanan at
Sanan.Tobv@epa.gov.
EPA CyanoHABs Webpage and Monthly Newsletter
In order to educate and inform the public about HABs, EPA releases a monthly newsletter specifically focusing on
cyanobacteria HABs (cyanoHABs). It spotlights freshwater HABs and provides information on beach closures,
health advisories with respect to HABs, current news, and recently published journal articles. The newsletter also
lists upcoming conferences, workshops, webinars, and useful resources.
For more information, visit EPA's cyanoHAB website or contact Dr. Lesley D Anglada at Danglada.Leslev@epa.gov
or 202-566-1125.
The 2018 issues of the CyanoHABs Newsletter can be accessed at https: //www.epa.gov/nutrient-policv-
data/cvanohabs-newsletters-2018.
Other News
Toxic Cyanobacteria Blooms Impair Mussel Growth in Lake Erie
On January 30, 2018, NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) reported on a new study it was
conducting with USGS. The study indicates that detected amounts of cyanobacteria and microcystin, one of the
toxins the bacteria produce, did not cause mussel mortality in Lake Erie from 2013 to 2015. However, the
researchers did find that the measured concentrations of both cyanobacteria and microcystin impaired mussel
growth, with microcystin having a larger negative effect on mussel growth than cyanobacteria.
Size Criteria byTrophic Level
Species
Size Criteria
Largemouth Bass
=/> 2 lbs
Smallmouth Bass
1-2 lbs
Walleye
1-2 lbs
Northern Pike
=> 21 bs
Common Carp
=/> 2 lbs
Channel Cat
=/> 2 lbs
Golden Shiner
Largest
Blue Gill
> 80 mm
Pumpkin Seed
> 80 mm
White Sucker
> 200 mm
Brown Bullhead
> 250 mm
Gizzard shad
> 160 mm
Bluntnose Minnows
Adults
Emerald Shiners
Adults
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The western part of the lake also provides drinking
water to large coastal communities, and recent
cyanobacteria blooms have resulted in episodic
drinking water shutdowns along Lake Erie and the
creation of a large international effort to identify
causes and potential management strategies to
minimize adverse effects to humans and other
organisms.
For more information contact Timothy Wynne at timothv.wvnne@noaa.gov.
Source: https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/news/toxic-cvnobaeteria-blooms-impair-mussel-gro\vth-lake-erie/
Four Different Algal Toxins Found in San Francisco Bay Mussels
NCCOS reported on March 15, 2018, that scientists have identified four lands of algal toxins in mussels collected
from San Francisco Bay. The study, published in Harmful Ala ae. is the first to report the co-occurrence of both
freshwater and marine toxins in mussels consumed by humans and animals.
The researchers, led by Dr. Misty Peacock while at the University of California Santa Cruz (currently at Northwest
Indian College), found nearly all mussels collected from the bay were contaminated with at least one of the detected
algal toxins, and 37% contained all four—one of which originates in freshwater.
Mussels in the bay were contaminated with the following toxins:
•	Domoic acid - a neurotoxin that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans and is produced by
marine diatoms in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia.
•	Paralytic shellfish toxins (saxitoxins) - cause paralytic shellfish poisoning and are associated with
marine dinoflagellates in the gen us A lexaiulriinn.
•	Dinophysis shellfish toxins (okadaic acid and derivatives) - cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning and
are produced by marine dinoflagellates in the genus Dinophysis.
•	Microcystins - hepatotoxins that cause liver damage in people and animals and are produced by
freshwater cyanobacteria in the genus Microcystis.
USGS scientists retrieve mussels from a monitoring station in Lake Erie. Credit:
Sean Bailey, USGS. (Image courtesy of NOAA NCCOS)
Lake Erie supports commercial fisheries that rely, in part, on mussels in the lake as a source of food. After being
absent for most of the late 1980s and 1990s, cyanobacteria have again become prevalent seasonally in western Lake
Erie, causing concern that cyanobacteria blooms
and associated cyanotoxins could reduce
production of mussels and ultimately affect	*
fisheries.	I	I
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Contaminated mussels pose a serious
health threat to people and animals who
eat them. Even though San Francisco Bay
lacks commercial shellfish operations,
people still harvest and eat mussels from
the bay. While commercially harvested
shellfish are generally safe because they
undergo regular testing, neither
microcystins nor Dinophysis shellfish
toxins are routinely monitored in
California shellfish.
HAB monitoring has generally been
waterbody-dependent, focusing either on
marine or freshwater toxins, but not both. For example, cyanobacterial toxins were previously considered a public
health issue only for freshwater, with concerns about adverse effects to drinking and recreational waters.
The publication stems in part from a NOAA-funded Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Bloom
(MERHAB) research project that aims to address this emerging HAB concern. Senior study author Raphael Kudela,
the Lynn Professor of Ocean Health at the University of California Santa Cruz, is working closely with state and
federal agencies to assess health risks and develop better monitoring tools. According to Dr. Kudela these findings
and other recent studies are prompting several California agencies to consider changes to their monitoring
programs.
For more information, contact Marc Suddleson at marc.suddleson@noaa.gov.
Source: https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/news/four-different-algal-toxins-found-san-francisc.o-bav-
mussels/?ntm medium=email&utm source=GovDeliverv
Recently Awarded Research
NCCOS Funds $6.8M for New and Continuing HAB Research
On September 6, 2018, NCCOS announced support for 28 new and continuing HAB research awards in 2018. These
awards, totaling $6.8 million, fund projects around the nation through the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful
Algal Blooms. Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms, and Prevention. Control, and Mitigation
of Harmful Algal Blooms programs and involve over 85 scientists across 54 institutions around the U.S.
"NCCOS is funding the latest scientific research to support environmental managers trying to cope with increasing
and recurring toxic algae that continue to impact marine and human health and coastal economies," said NCCOS
Director Steve Thur, PhD. "Improved understanding of these coastal harmful algal bloom threats will lead to better
predictions, mitigation and possibly solutions in impacted U.S. coastal regions."
California sea lions are becoming sick, and dying in some cases, from ingesting domoic
acid-a neurotoxin that accumulates in fish and shellfish they consume. (Image courtesy of
NOAA)
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NCCOS HAB competitive research programs develop science-based solutions to address expanding HAB impacts
that are affecting coastal resources and economies in every U.S. coastal region. HAB species and impacts vary
regionally and NCCOS projects are advancing the understanding of bloom toxicity, applying new technologies to
detect HABs and their toxins in the field, producing HAB forecasts, and exploring HAB prevention and control
methods. Summaries of new and continued research projects by region are below. NCCOS projects are the result of
a rigorous competitive peer-review process that ensures support for the highest quality science.
Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean
Karenia brevis, the Florida red tide alga that occurs throughout the Gulf of Mexico, causes mortality of fish, turtles,
marine mammals, and birds; neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP); and respiratory irritation in beachgoers.
Gambierdisciis species, which grow on coral reefs in the Gulf and Caribbean, cause fish to become so toxic that
human consumers become ill with ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP)- Newly funded research projects will help
determine the processes that terminate red tides and help mitigate toxin effects in threatened Florida manatees.
Continued research will help the State of Florida improve its already-rigorous NSP monitoring and management
framework. It will also fund the development of models for predicting CFP in reef-dwelling fish.
Lake Erie
The Great Lakes, and western Lake Erie in particular, are subject to cyanobacterial HABs, primarily Microcystis
that can produce microcystins. These are liver toxins that can contaminate drinking water, harm wildlife, and
prevent recreational use of water bodies. Current Lake Erie HAB forecasts can predict Microcystis biomass, but the
cells are not always toxic. Newly funded and continuing research will take different approaches to predicting the
actual toxicity of Microcystis blooms in Lake Erie in order to provide early warning and improve management of
drinking water and recreational use.
New England
Along the New England coast blooms of Alexandriwn produce neurotoxins that can accumulate in shellfish, causing
PSP in human consumers. To protect human health, sections of the coast must be closed to shellfish harvesting.
New research will investigate how microscopic animals control the growth and toxicity of Alexandrium. Continuing
research will use remote toxin sensors to determine how shellfish in the eastern Gulf of Maine become toxic. The
information from both studies will be incorporated into predictive models that forecast when and where
Alexandrium blooms will occur in the Gulf of Maine, helping state managers and the shellfish industry protect
public health and minimize economic disruption.
Chesapeake and Delaware Bays
The Chesapeake and Delaware Bays are subject to a variety of HABs that can kill fish and shellfish. While they do
not threaten human health, they can have severe impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. New funding will support
research in Delaware Bay investigating the role of nitric oxide in promoting blooms of Heterosigma. In the lower
Chesapeake Bay a new study to better predict Margalefidinium (formerly Cochlodinium) and Alexandrium
monilatum blooms and a continuing project on the toxicity and food web impacts of A. monilatum will help the
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shellfish industry minimize their impacts. A study of a naturally occurring compound that mav control some toxic
HABs will continue to test its effectiveness and environmental impacts.
California
Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP")-causing Pseudo-nitzschici is of particular concern along the California coast. New
research will improve modeling efforts to predict Pseudo-nitzschici blooms off Southern California and support
environmental management efforts. A continuing project to understand the controlling factors of Pseudo-nitzschia
toxin production and bloom formation will also help to improve early warning models. Another continuing project
is development of a strategy to add monitoring of multiple marine and freshwater HAB toxins (microcystins, ASP-,
diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP)-, PSP-causing) occurring simultaneously in shellfish and other organisms in
estuaries. This is an emerging ecosystem and public health problem.
Pacific Northwest and Alaska
Both PSP and ASP are problems in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, impacting commercial, recreational, and tribal
subsistence shellfish harvesting. A continuing project is transitioning an early warning system for Pseudn-mtzschia
for Oregon and Washington ocean beaches, and another project aims to uncover the mechanisms behind
wintertime occurrences of PSP-toxicitv in geoduck clam fisheries in Southeast Alaska. Predictive modeling and HAB
monitoring provides managers with an early warning of when and where toxic blooms will affect shellfish harvests,
thereby providing better public health protection and safeguarding coastal economies.
National Projects
Dinophysis, the HAB causing DSP has suddenly appeared in multiple areas in the U.S. in the last ten years.
Continuing research supports a cross-regional study to find common factors that have led to the sudden appearance
of this emerging HAB as well as to improve monitoring. Another continuing project is testing methods of
measuring DSP toxins in shellfish in order to protect human health.
A full list of awards and their abstracts can be found here.
For more information, contact Elizabeth Turner at elizabeth.turner@noaa.gov.
Source: https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/news/nccos-funds-6-8m-for-new-and-continuing-harmful-algal-bloom-
research/
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Tech and Tools
Portable Red Tide Detector Debuts at NOAA Emerging Tech
Workshop
This technology speeds up the decision-making process in
closing beaches and shellfish harvesting beds, as well as
helping to determine the cause of fish kills. The tricorder
uses a biotechnology technique called nucleic acid
sequence-based amplification to target the messenger
RNA in the carbon fixation gene specific to K. brevis.
Red tides in Florida coastal waters (caused principally by K. brevis) can threaten human health and cost millions in
tourism, agriculture, seafood, and leisure industries. Currently the State of Florida detects and enumerates K.
brevis through the relatively slow, labor-intensive and expert process of light microscopy to differentiate this toxic
alga from closely related non-toxic and less toxic species.
Data from the hand-held tricorders get uploaded to the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System fGCQQS")
for automated processing and calculation of K. brevis cell abundance and data visualization. Users include the
Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Sendees, and
the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
The project is co-led by Dr. John Paul of the University of South Florida and Dr. Kate Hubbard of the Florida Fish
and Wildlife Conservation Commission and is supported by an NCCOS Prevention, Control, and Mitigation of
HABs Program project.
Learn more about the red tide-detecting tricorder here. The second NOAA Emerging Technologies for Observations
Workshop was held August 22-23, 2017, at the NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, College Park,
Maryland. The workshop highlighted new environmental observing capabilities and applications that can improve
NOAA sendees and enhance organizational efficiency.
For more information, contact John Wickham at John.Wickham@noaa.gov.
Source: https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/news/portable-red-tide-detector-debuts-noaa-emerging-tech-worlvshop/
On September 21, 2017, NCCOS reported on a portable, hand-held instrument that uses genetics to detect the red
tide-causing organism Karenia brevis in the field. This was featured at the second NOAA Emerging Technologies
for Observations Workshop. The device, dubbed a
"tricorder" after the fictional Star Trek hand-held life
detector, is the first of its land and is able to provide direct
results to end users such as government agencies and
businesses.
John Paul, PhD, uses a portable tricorder to identify the Florida red
tide organism, Karenia brevis. Credit: University of South Florida.
(Image courtesy of NOAA NCCOS)
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Recent Publications
Journal Articles
The list below provides a selection of research articles focusing on HABs.
~	Fluorescence probes for real-time remote cvanobacteria monitoring: A review of challenges and opportunities
Bertone, E. , M.A. Burford, and D.P. Hamilton. 2018. Fluorescence probes for real-time remote cyanobacteria monitoring: A review of
challenges and opportunities. Water Research 141:152-162.
~	The blue mussel MvtHus edulis isvulnerableto the toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger-Adult filtration is inhibited and several life stages
killed
Binzer, S.B., R.B.C. Lundgreen, T. Berge, P.J. Hansen, and B. Vismann. 2018. The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is vulnerable to the toxic
dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger - Adult filtration is inhibited and several life stages killed. PLoS One 13(6): e0199306.
~	Assessment of saxitoxin sensitivity of nerves isolated from the Pacific oyster. Crassostrea gigas. exposed to Alexanclrium minutum
Boullot, F., C. Fabioux, H. Hegaret, P. Soudant, et al. 2018. Assessment of saxitoxin sensitivity of nerves isolated from the Pacific
oyster, Crassostrea gigas, exposed to Alexandrium minutum. Toxlcon 149: 93.
~	Combined effects of warming and acidification on accumulation and elimination dynamics of paralytic shellfish toxins in mussels Mvtilus
galloorovincialis
Braga, A.C., C. Camacho, A. Marques, A. Gago-Martfnez, et al. 2018. Combined effects of warming and acidification on accumulation
and elimination dynamics of paralytic shellfish toxins in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Environmental Research 164: 647-654.
~	Size-based interactions and trophic transfer efficiency are modified bv fish predation and cvanobacteria blooms in Lake Mwatn. Iceland
Ersoy, Z., E. Jeppesen, S. Sgarzi, I. Arranz, M. Canedo-Arguelles, et al. 2017. Size-based interactions and trophic transfer efficiency
are modified by fish predation and cyanobacteria blooms in Lake Myvatn, Iceland. Freshwater Biology 62(11): 1942-1952.
~	A global analysis of the relationship between concentrations of microcvstins in water and fish
Flores, N.M., T.R. Miller, and J.D. Stockwell. 2018. A global analysis of the relationship between concentrations of microcystins in
water and fish. Frontiers in Marine Science 5: 30.
~	Shifts in coastal fish communities: Iseutrophication always beneficial for sticklebacks?
Gagnon, K., M. Grafnings, and C. Bostrom. 2017. Shifts in coastal fish communities: Is eutrophication always beneficial for
sticklebacks? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 198(A): 193-203.
~	The effects of red tide (Kareniabrevti on reflex impairment and mortality of sublegal Florida stone crabs. Meniooe mercenaria
Gravinese, P.M., S.M. Kronstadt, T. Clemente, C. Cole, et al. 2018. The effects of red tide (Karenia brevis) on reflex impairment and
mortality of sublegal Florida stone crabs, Menippe mercenaria. Marine Environmental Research 137: 145-148.
~	Physiological effects caused bv microcvstin-producing and non-microcvstin producing Microcystis aeruginosa on medaka fish: A proteomic and
metabolomic study oil liver
Le Manach, S., B. Sotton, H. Huet, C. Duval, et al. 2018. Physiological effects caused by microcystin-producing and non-microcystin
producing Microcystis aeruginosa on medaka fish: A proteomic and metabolomic study on liver. Environmental Pollution 234: 523-
537.
~	Quantifying harmful algal bloom thresholds for farmed salmon in southern Chile
Montes, R.M., X. Rojas, P. Artacho, A. Tello, and R.A. Quifiones. 2018. Quantifying harmful algal bloom thresholds for farmed salmon
in southern Chile. Harmful Algae 77: 55-65.
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Fish and Shellfish Program newsletter
September 2018
~	Pre-in festive selection capacity and endoscopic analysis in the svmpatric bivalves Mulinia edulis and Mvtilus chi/ensis exposed to diets containing
toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates
Navarro, J.M.J. Widdows, O.R. Chaparro, A. Ortiz, and C. Mellado. 2018. Pre-ingestive selection capacity and endoscopic analysis in
the sympatric bivalves Mulinia edulis and Mytilus chilensis exposed to diets containing toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates. PLoS One
13(2): eO193370.
~	Development of a method to assess the ichthvotoxicitv of the harmful marine microalgae Kareniasuu. using gill cell cultures from red sea bream
(Pa&us major)
Ohkubo, N., Y. Tomaru, H. Yamaguchi, S. Kitatsuji, and K. Mochida. 2017. Development of a method to assess the ichthyotoxicity of
the harmful marine microalgae Karenia spp. using gill cell cultures from red sea bream (Pagrus major). Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 43(6): 1603-1612.
~	Developmental neurotoxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa in the early life stages of zebrafish
Qian, H., G. Liu, T. Lu, and L. Sun.2018. Developmental neurotoxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa in the early life stages of zebrafish.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 151:35-41.
~	Application of activated carbon to accelerate detoxification of paralytic shellfish toxins from mussels Mvtilusgalloorovincialisand scallops
Chlamvs farreri
Qiu, J., H. Fan, T. Liu, X. Liang, et al. 2018. Application of activated carbon to accelerate detoxification of paralytic shellfish toxins from
mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and scallops Chlamys farreri. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 148: 402-409.
~	Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference
Shumway, S. E., ed., J.M. Burkholder, ed., and S.L. Morton, ed. 2018. Harmful Algal Blooms: Compendium Desk Reference. Hoboken,
NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
~	Effects of harmful algal blooms on fish: Insights from Prvmnesium oarvum
Svendsen, M.B.S., N. R. Andersen, P.J. Hansen, and J.F. Steffensen. 2018. Effects of harmful algal blooms on fish: Insights from
Prymnesium parvum. Fishes 3(1): 11.
~	Detection of potential harmful algal bloom-causing microalgae from freshwater prawn farms in Central Luzon. Philippines, for bloom monitoring
and prediction
Tayaban, K.M.M., K.L. Pintor, and P.G. Vital. 2018. Detection of potential harmful algal bloom-causing microalgae from freshwater
prawn farms in Central Luzon, Philippines, for bloom monitoring and prediction. Environment, Development and Sustainablllty 20(3):
1311-1328.
~	Cvanobacteria blooms induce embryonic heart failure in an endangered fish species
Zi, J., X. Pan, H. Maclsaac, J. Yang, et al. 2018. Cyanobacteria blooms induce embryonic heart failure in an endangered fish species.
Aquatic Toxicology 194: 78-85.
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Fish and Shellfish Program newsletter
September 2018
Upcoming Meetings and Conferences
13th World Congress on Aauaculture and Fisheries	Fish Passage 2018 - International Conference on River
November 12-13, 2018	Connectivity
Melbourne, Australia	December 10-14, 2018
Albury, New South Wales, Australia
Aquaculture2019	National Shellfisheries Association 111th Annual Meeting
March 7-11, 2019	March 7-11, 2019
New Orleans, Louisiana	New Orleans, Louisiana
Additional Information
This monthly newsletter highlights current information about fish and shellfish.
For more information about specific advisories within the state, territory, or tribe, contact the appropriate
state agency listed on EPA's National Listing of Fish Advisories website at https://fishadvisorvonline.epa.gov/Contacts.aspx.
For more information about this newsletter, contact Sharon Frey (Frev.Sharon@epa.gov. 202-566-1480).
Additional information about advisories and fish and shellfish consumption can be found at https://www.epa.gov/fish-tech.
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