BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR
K009 AND KOIO
Robert April, Chief
Treatment Technology Section
Jose Labiosa
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
June 1989
-------
REPQm DuCUrtENwTiaN i i. r.EF'0:;T NO.
f'A6E i EPh; 530-Si«39_o48I
!
4. Title anc SuDt:tie
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K009 and K010
3. RariDlWlt 5 tecessior. NC:.
PB89-221169
j. J-.etGi't
June
l a.
HUth&nS
'5kobert April/Jose Labiosa/Office of Solid Waste ! 6' FerTDr*^ 0r9an::atl3n *eot- Nc
Pe-torsiinc Organ nation Name and Address
10. F'roject/Task/itork Iti it No.
U.S. EPA
Oft ice ot Solid Waste
•01 fl. Street 5W
ulashinptor. DC 20460
I 11. Contra:tlCi or 6rant(6;' No.
: to 68-01-7053
i ^6)
12. SsanEorinq Organization Nace anc ndcress
I i". Type at Report i Feriod Covered
14.
15. Supoieffleritarv Notes
lo. Acstract (Lint: 200 torfls.'
This background document provides the Agency's technical support for
selecting and developing treatment standards for the only regulated constituent
(i.e., chloroform) for the K009 and K010 wastes. Section 2 presents waste-
specific information; Section 3 discusses the applicable and demonstrated
technologies used to treat the waste; Section 4 summarizes the available
performance data; Section 5 explains EPA's determination of BDAt; while Section 6
discusses the selection of the regulated constiuent and deletion of some
K009 and K010 constituents originally selected in the proposed rule. Finally,
Section 7 presents the determination of the treatment standards.
1". Document Analysis a. tescriPtori
o. laertiriers/Qpen-Ended Tens
t. COSAT] Field/Srcu?
IE. Availability Statement
RELEASE i&LIttTED
19. Security Class (Tnis SeoartJ1 2:. No. ct Paaes
UNC.ASEiriED 'l 0
i 20. Security Class
¦'Formeriv NTIS-35;
(See ~
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, with the assistance of Versar Inc. under
Contract No. 68-01-7053. Mr. Robert April, Chief, Treatment Technology
Section, Waste Treatment Branch, served as the EPA Program Manager during
the preparation of this document and the development of treatment
standards for K009 and K010 wastes. The technical project officer for
the waste was Mr. Jose Labiosa. Mr. flandan Kenkeremath served as legal
advisor.
Versar personnel involved in the preparation of this document included
Mr. Jerome Strauss, Program Manager; Mr. Stephen Schwartz, Task Manager;
Mr. Stanley Moore, Staff Scientist; Ms. Martha Martin, Technical Editor;
and Ms. Sally Gravely, Project Secretary. Mr. Alan Corson of Jacobs
Engineering Group and Mr. Mark Hereth of Radian Corporation assisted in
the review of the document.
i i
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sect ion Page
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
2. INOUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-2
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-5
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Group 2-6
3. APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-1
3.1.1 Nonwastewaters 3-3
3.1.2 Wastewaters 3-4
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-5
3.2.1 Nonwastewaters 3-6
3.2.2 Wastewaters 3-7
4. TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA BASE 4-1
4.1 Nonwastewaters 4-2
4.2 Wastewaters 4-4
5. IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY (BDAT) 5-1
5.1 Nonwastewaters 5-3
5.2 Wastewaters 5-4
6. SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 6-1
6.1 Identification of BDAT List Constituents 6-2
6.2 Constituents Selected for Regulation 6-2
6.3 Non-BDAT List Constituents 6-3
6.3.1 Nonwastewaters 6-4
6.3.2 Wastewaters 6-4
6.4 Constituents Determined to Be Extraneous to the
Manufacturing of Acetaldehyde from the Oxidation of
Ethylene 6-5
7. DEVELOPMENT OF BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 7-1
7.1 Nonwastewaters 7-2
7.2 Wastewaters 7-2
i i i
-------
8. REFERENCES 8-1
APPENDIX A - Waste Characteristics Affecting Performance A-l
APPENDIX B - Performance Data from the Office of Water B-l
APPENDIX C - Performance Data for the Treated Nonwastewater
(Ash) from Incineration of K029 Waste C-l
i v
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for K009 and K010 Wastes 1-4
2-1 Major Constituent Composition for KQ09 and K010 Wastes 2-7
1-2 Constituent Analysis in K009 Waste 2-8
2-3 Constituent Analysis in K010 Waste 2-9
4-1 Performance Data for Chloroform from Incineration {Treated
Ash) from K019 4-6
4-2 Performance Data from EPA's Office of Water for Chloroform.. 4-7
7-1 Calculation of Nonwastewater Treatment Standard for K009
and KOIQ Wastes 7-5
7-2 Calculation of Wastewater Treatment Standard for K009
and K010 Wastes 7-6
7-3 BDAT Treatment Standards for K009 and K010 Wastes 7-7
\
V
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
F iqure Page
2-1 Simplified Schematic for the Generation of K009 and K010
Wastes from Acetaldehyde Production 2-3
vi
-------
1. INTRODUCTION
Pursuant to section 3004(m), enacted by the Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA) on November 8, 1984, the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) is establishing best demonstrated available technology (BOAT)
treatment standards for wastes from acetaldehyde production. These
wastes are identified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 261.32
as K009 and K010. Compliance with these BOAT treatment standards is a
prerequisite for the placement of these wastes in facilities designated
as land disposal units according to 40 CFR Part 268. The effective date
of these treatment standards is June 8, 1989.
This background document provides the Agency's technical support for
selecting and developing treatment standards for the only regulated
constituent (i.e., chloroform) for the K009 and K010 wastes. Section 2
presents waste-specific information, the number and location of
facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions, manufacturing
processes generating the wastes, and waste characterization data.
Section 3 discusses the applicable and demonstrated technologies used to
treat the waste (or similar wastes), and Section 4 summarizes the
available performance data, including data on which the treatment
standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's determination of BOAT,
while Section 6 discusses the selection of the regulated constituent and
deletion of some K009 and K010 constituents originally selected in the
proposed rule. Determination of the treatment standards is presented in
Section 7.
1-1
-------
The BOAT program and promulgated methodology are more thoroughly
described in two additional documents: Methodology for Developing Best
Demonstrated Available (8DAT) Treatment Standards (USEPA 1989c) and
Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions
Program ("BOAT") (USEPA 1987c). The petition process to be followed in
requesting a variance from the BOAT treatment standards is also provided
in the Document entitled Methodology for Developing Best Demonstrated
Available (BOAT) Treatment Standards (USEPA 1989c).
EPA has identified two companies that produce acetaldehyde. The
Agency is promulgating regulations for chloroform in K009 and K010
nonwastewaters and wastewaters. For the purpose of determining the
applicability of the treatment standard, wastewaters are defined as
wastes containing less than 1 percent (weight basis) total suspended
solids* (TSS) and less than 1 percent (weight basis) total organic carbon
(TOC). Wastes not meeting this definition must comply with the treatment
standard for nonwastewaters.
The performance standards for chloroform in K009 and K010 nonwaste-
waters have been established based on a transfer of the chloroform
treatment standard established for K019 wastes and are based on the total
concentration analysis of the ash residuals for chloroform generated
during incineration of K019 waste.
*The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously
used terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids." Specifical-
ly, total suspended solids is measured by Method 209C, Total Suspended
Solids Dried at 103 to 105"C, in Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewaters, 16th Edition (APHA, AWWA, and WPCF 1985).
1-2
-------
The BOAT level of performance standards for K009 and K010 wastewaters
are promulgated based on a transfer of treatment performance data from
EPA's Office of Water for wastewaters that are believed to be similar to
and/or to contain constituents present in K009 and K010 wastewaters.
These data were used to establish the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Organic Chemicals Plastics and Synthetic Fibers
Industries (USEPA 1987a, 1987b).
If the concentrations of the regulated constituent, as generated or
treated, are lower than or equal to the promulgated BOAT treatment
standard (presented in Table 1-1), then the wastes are not prohibited
from being placed in land disposal units.
1-3
-------
Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for K009 and KOIO
Nonwastewaters
Constituent
Maximum for any sinale arab samole
Total composition TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/1)
Chloroform
6.0 Not Applicable
Wastewaters
Constituent
Based on composite samples
Total composition
(mg/1}
Chloroform
0.10
-------
2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
This section describes the industries affected by the land disposal
restrictions for K009 and KO10 and presents available characterization
data for these wastes.
40 CFR Part 261.32 lists two wastes generated in the production of
acetaldehyde from ethylene as hazardous wastes under Subtitle C of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The 40 CFR Part 261.32
listing criteria are as follows:
K009: Distillation bottoms from the production of acetaldehyde
from ethylene.
K010: Distillation side cuts from the production of acetaldehyde
from ethylene.
The Agency has determined that the listed wastes K009 and K010
represent two separate waste treatability groups based on their different
physical and chemical characteristics. Although these wastes are
generated by similar processes, EPA has data showing that K009 wastes
typically contain less than 1 percent TOC and less than 1 percent TSS
and, as originally generated, are thus classified as wastewaters for the
purpose of establishing BOAT. Conversely, the Agency has data showing
that K010 wastes are typically over 1 percent TOC and therefore, as
originally generated, are classified as nonwastewaters. Residuals
generated from the treatment of either K009 or K010 could be classified
as wastewaters or nonwastewaters depending on their characteristics (TOC
and TSS). As described later in this section, EPA examined the available
2?83g
2-1
-------
waste characterization data for the manufacturing process generating
these listed wastes, as well as the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies for these wastes.
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description
The four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code
associated with the production of industrial organic chemicals, including
acetaldehyde, is 2869. A flow diagram of the production process is
presented in Figure 2-1. This flow diagram represents a simplified
"crude distillation column." The acetaldehyde process of Texas Eastman
Company (a generator of K009 and K010) produces at least two side cut
streams (K010) from a "finishing column"; in addition, a second
distillation column is also involved in the production train, and it
yields a bottom stream (K009). The Agency estimates that only two
companies produce acetaldehyde and may generate K009 and K010 wastes:
(1) Texas Eastman Company (two plants located in Longview, Texas) and
(2) Celanese Company (one plant located in Bay City, Texas).
Commercial processes for the production of acetaldehyde include
(1) the oxidation or dehydrogenation of ethanol, (2) the addition of
water to acetylene, (3) the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, and
(4) the direct oxidation of ethylene. Today's promulgated standards,
however, apply only to those listed wastes (i.e., K009 and K010)
resulting from the manufacturing of acetaldehyde from direct oxidation of
ethylene.
Z?83g
l-l
-------
'i ACETALDEHYDE
PRODUCT
VENT
SIDE CUT (K010) TO
CHLOROALDEHYQE
RECOVERY OR WASTE
ETHYLENE
PRODUCT
8PENT
BOTTOMS (K000)
HCI
* Pd Cl2
~ Cu CU
TO WASTE
REQENERATED
CATALYST
BLEED
BOTTOMS
(SCRUBBER MEDIUM)
REACTOR
CONDENSER/
SCRUBBER
FLASH
EVAPORATOR
CATALY8T
REQENERATION
CRUDE
DISTILLATION
COLUMN
LIOHT ENDS
OISTILL ATION
FINISHINQ
COLUMNS
FIGURE 2-1 SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC PROCESS FOR THE GENERATION OF K009 AND K010 WASTES
FROM ACETALDEHYDE PRODUCTION (LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION OF ETHYLENE)
-------
The direct liquid-phase oxidation of ethylene is the most widely used
method for the manufacture of acetaldehyde.* Ethylene is catalytically
oxidized with air in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing the
chlorides of palladium and copper in a tubular reactor. The reaction
products are flash evaporated, and the product acetaldehyde passes
overhead to the crude distillation column. The aqueous bottoms from the
flash evaporator go to a regeneration reactor, where the palladium
catalyst is regenerated and recycled to the acetaldehyde reactor. The
product from the crude distillation column is condensed and scrubbed;
unreacted ethylene and light hydrocarbons (including a small amount of
acetaldehyde) are vented. The crude acetaldehyde from the scrubber then
goes to final distillation. In the final distillation column, the
purified acetaldehyde product is obtained from the distillation overhead
cut. K010 waste is obtained from the final distillation side cuts (these
K010 side cuts may then be sent for recovery of the chloroaldehydes if
not disposed of as a hazardous waste), and K009 waste is obtained from
the final distillation bottoms. The reaction chemistry is explained
below.
The process involves the oxidation of ethylene by palladium chloride
to form the product acetaldehyde, palladium metal, and hydrogen chloride:
C2H4 + PdCl2 + H20 - CH3CHO + Pd + 2HC1
ethylene palladium acetaldehyde metallic hydrochloric
chloride palladium acid
Three facilities produce acetaldehyde from ethylene and are subject to
the treatment standards promulgated for K009/K010 wastes. Two facilities
report using 100 percent pure ethylene, and the other uses a mixture of
90 percent ethylene and 10 percent ethyl alcohol.
2783g
2-4
-------
Cupric chloride is used as the second component of the catalyst system to
reoxidize the palladium metal to palladium chloride:
2CuCl2 + Pd - PdC 12 + 2CuCl
The cuprous chloride thus formed is, in turn, reoxidized to cupric chloride
in the second-stage regeneration unit:
4CuCl + 02 + 4HC1.- 4CuCl2 + 2H20
Two hazardous waste streams are generated from the production of
acetaldehyde: (1) distillation bottoms (K009) which contain treatable
concentrations of the BOAT list organics, chloroform and methylene
chloride, and (2) distillation side cuts (K010), which contain slightly
higher concentrations of the BOAT list organics chloroform and methylene
chloride.
2.2 Waste Characterization *
This section presents waste characterization data currently available
to the Agency for K009 and K010 wastes. The approximate concentrations
of major waste constituents are included in Table 2-1 at the end of this
section. Tables 2-2 and 2-3 present the BOAT list constituents and
non-BDAT list constituents in K009 and K010 wastes.
According to available characterization data, K009 waste contains
about 97 percent water and about 3 percent total BOAT list and non-BDAT
list organics. Total organic carbon (TOC) ranges from 0.3 to 0.6 percent.
cupric
chloride
palladium cuprous
chloride chloride
cuprous
chloride
cupric
chloride
2733a
2-5
-------
EPA has data showing that K010 waste contains about 50 percent water
and 50 percent total BDAT list and non-BDAT list organics. Texas Eastman
Company indicated in their comments on the proposed rule that K010 waste
contains as much as 150 ppm total concentration of chlorinated organic
compounds. Also, data indicate that the heat content of K010 waste is
less than 1,660 British thermal units per pound (Btu/lb).
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Group
Fundamental to waste treatment is the concept that the type of
treatment technology used and the level of treatment achieved depend on
the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste.
Based on review of the generation of K009 and K010 wastes and all
available data characterizing these wastes, the Agency has determined
that these wastes represent two separate treatability groups.
Characterization data show that K009 wastes typically contain less than
1 percent total organic carbon (TOC) and less than 1 percent total
suspended solids (TSS) and therefore, as originally generated, are
classified as wastewaters for the purpose of establishing BDAT. In
contrast, EPA has data showing that K010 wastes are typically over
1 percent TOC and therefore, as originally generated, are classified as
nonwastewaters.
2733g
2-6
-------
Table 2-1 Major Constituent Composition
for K009 and K010 Wastes
Concentration (wt percent)
Constituent
K009 waste
K010 waste
Water3
96.8-96.9
46.7-51.2
Total BDAT list and non-BDAT
list organics3
Total organic content^
0.27-0.63
3.1-3.16
48.8-53.3
3.6-3.8
References:
a Data from Characterization of Waste Streams (for K009/K010) Listed
in 40 CFR Part 261 Waste Profiles by Environ Corporation (USEPA 1985a).
° Texas Eastman Company waste characterization data submitted to EPA-OSW
on November 10, 1988.
2-7
2783g
-------
2396g
Table 2-2 Constituent Analysis in K009 Waste
BOAT
ref. Haste characterization (mq/kg) for untreated KQQ9 wastes
no. Constituent (a) (b) (c) (
-------
23969
Table 2-3 Constituent Analysis in K010 Waste
BOAT
ref. Waste characterization (mq/kg) for untreated K010 waste
no. Constituent (a) (b) (c) (d)
BOAT list constituents:
2 Acrolein
3 Acrylonitrile
4 Benzene
14 Chlorofore
22 l.l-dichloroethane
101 2.4-dinitrophenol
225 Ethyl aerylate
31 Ethyl aethacrylate
15 Methyl chloride
38 Methylene chloride
43 Toluene
BOAT list aetals:
159 Drrcaim (total)
1B1 lead
182 Mercury
Hon-BOAT list oraanics:
Aceta Idehyde 7.800
Acetic acid 600
Acetyl chloride 5,000
Chloral 3.400
Ch loroaceta ldehyde S.S00
Crotonaldehyde
0 ich loroaceta ldehyde
Fora ldehyde
Foraic acid
Paraldehyde
Non-BOAT list wetal:
Copper
MO CBI CBI
NO C8I CBI
RO CBI CBI
120-3800 CBI CBI
NO CBI CBI
NO C8I CBI
NO CBI CBI
KO CBI CBI
Ml CBI CBI
520-730 C8I CBI
KO CBI CBI
<0.02-0.2 C8I CBI
<0.05 CBI CBI
<0.0002-0.0004 CBI CBI
CBI C8I
C8I CBI
CBI CBI
0.83-4.2 CBI CBI
4.5-6.5 CBI C8I
<0.05-0.60 . CBI CBI
2.3-6.6 CSI CBI
<10.0 CBI CBI
CBI CBI
-------
3. APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Section 2 established two treatability groups for the management of
K009 and K0I0 wastes. This section identifies the treatment technologies
that are applicable to these groups and determines which, if any, of the
applicable technologies can be considered demonstrated for the purpose of
establishing BOAT.
To be applicable, a technology must be demonstrated to treat the
waste in question or to treat a waste that is similar in terms of the
parameters that affect treatment selection. To be demonstrated, the
technology must be employed in full-scale operation for the treatment of
the waste in question or a similar waste. Technologies available only at
pilot- and bench-scale operations are not considered in identifying
demonstrated technologies.
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
Initial data gathering on the treatment of K009 and K010 wastes
included review of the following: (I) the National Survey of Treatment,
Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Facilities data base for K009 and K010
(USEPA 1986); (2) CBI data submitted to the Agency by Texas Eastman
Company, presenting hydrolysis treatment data for K009 and K010 wastes;
(3) data from Characterization of Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR Part 261
Waste Profiles (K009/K010) prepared for EPA in 1985 {USEPA 1985);
(4) technical literature sources; and (5) review of the Office of Water's
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards
for the Organic Chemicals Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Point Source
Category.
3-1
2 7 84c
-------
Since K009 and K010 wastes contain organics, as shown in Section 2.3,
the Agency believes that the technologies applicable to the untreated
listed wastes should include those that destroy or reduce the total
amount of the organic compounds in the wastes. Additionally, treatment
of residuals (wastewaters and nonwastewaters) generated from the
treatment of BOAT list organics should also be considered.
For the K009 and K010 nonwastewaters, either as generated or as
residuals from treatment of K009 and K01O wastes, the Agency has
identified the following technologies as potentially applicable:
(1) incineration, (2) fuel substitution, (3) solvent extraction followed
by recovery or incineration of the contaminated solvent, and (4) recycle
or reuse.
For K009 and K010 wastewaters, the Agency has identified the
following potentially applicable treatment technologies: (1) hydrolysis
followed by biological treatment, followed by incineration of biomass
(The Agency received one comment on the proposed rule from Texas Eastman
Company (TEC) (a generator of K009 and K010 waste) stating that TEC does
not routinely use a rotary kiln to incinerate the biomass from their
hydrolysis/biological treatment of K009 and K010 wastewaters.);
(2) hydrolysis followed by either carbon adsorption or steam stripping;
(3) biological treatment in combination with steam stripping and/or
carbon adsorption, followed by incineration of spent carbon and biomass;
(4) steam stripping followed by carbon adsorption; and (5) wet air
oxidation followed by biological treatment, followed by incineration.
3-2
Z7B*g
-------
(Detailed information on the above-mentioned technologies may be found in
the BOAT Treatment Technology Background Document (USEPA 1988d).)
EPA has not identified facilities that specifically use steam
stripping followed by carbon adsorption, wet air oxidation followed by
biological treatment, or hydrolysis followed by carbon adsorption or
steam stripping on K009 and K01Q wastes. However, based on waste
parameters that affect treatment selection for these technologies, the
Agency feels that K009 and K010 would be no more difficult to treat than
any wastes for which these technologies are applicable.
3.1.1 Nonwastewaters
Incineration is a destruction technology in which energy, in the form
of heat, is transferred to the waste in order to volatilize organic
constituents and to destabilize chemical bonds, eventually destroying the
hazardous constituents by converting them to carbon dioxide, water,
and/or other oxidized waste constituents. In general, two residuals are
generated by incineration processes: ash and scrubber water (when wet
scrubbers are used). The incineration of K009 and K010 nonwastewaters
will result in scrubber waters that must be managed as K009 and K010
wastewaters by virtue of the derived-from rule. The scrubber water is
expected to contain only very low levels of organic constituents, if any,
since most of the organics are expected to be destroyed in the
incinerator.
Fuel substitution, like incineration, destroys the organic
constituents of a waste, but it also derives a fuel value from the
waste. The fuel substitution of nonwastewaters is expected to generate
3-3
c 784g
-------
combustion gas scrubber water, which must be managed as K009 and K010
wastewaters by virtue of the derived-from rule.
Solvent extraction of hazardous wastes is a process whereby a
contaminant dissolved in a liquid is transferred from the waste to an
extracting solvent that preferentially dissolves that substance. For
solvent extraction to be effective, the extracting solvent must be
immiscible in the waste to be treated and must differ in density so that
phase separation is possible.
Recycling is the use, reuse, or reclaiming of a material (40 CFR
Part 261.1). A material is "used or reused" if it is either employed as
an ingredient (including its use as an intermediate) to make a product or
employed in a particular function as an effective substitute for a coiraner-
cial product. A material is "reclaimed" if it is processed to recover a
useful product or if it is regenerated.
3.1.2 Wastewaters
Hydrolysis is a technology that causes decomposition of a chemical
compound. Typically, during hydrolysis a chemical reaction occurs in
which water reacts with another substance to form two or more new
substances. Elevated temperatures and/or pressures usually enhance rates
of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis replaces one or more of the substitute
halogens with hydroxy! groups. The resulting compound is generally more
oxidizable or biodegradable.
Carbon adsorption is a separation technology used to remove and/or
recover dissolved organics and certain inorganics from aqueous streams.
3-4
2-784q
-------
Powdered or granular activated carbon particles are used as the adsorbing
medium ir> this technology.
Steam stripping is a technology that can separate more volatile
materials from less volatile materials by vaporizing the more volatile
materials and then condensing them. As such, it is a type of distillation
process.
Biological treatment is a technology that uses living microorganisms
to decompose organic constituents. Biological treatment can occur either
in the presence of oxygen, known as aerobic treatment, or in the absence
of oxygen, referred to as anaerobic treatment. In aerobic treatment the
organic constituents are broken down into water, carbon dioxide, and
o.ther lower molecular weight organic components by the microorganisms.
In contrast, in anaerobic treatment the organic constituents are broken
down into water, methane, and other organic components.
Wet air oxidation converts hazardous waste to less toxic substances
by the aqueous phase oxidation of dissolved or suspended organic or
inorganic substances at elevated temperature and pressure. Elevated
pressure is used to keep the aqueous products of oxidation in the liquid
state, allowing organic destruction to proceed at lower temperatures than
would otherwise be necessary for thermal destruction. Water moderates
the oxidation rate, removing excess heat of reaction. Oxygen is
incorporated as the oxidizing agent. It is important to point out that
sometimes wet air oxidation does not achieve complete oxidation and
typically leaves behind constituents with lower molecular weights (such
as aldehydes) that need to undergo additional treatment prior to disposal.
3-5
2?8dg
-------
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
3.2.1 Nonwastewaters
Of the aforementioned applicable technologies for BOAT list organic
constituents, the Agency believes that incineration is demonstrated to
treat K009 and K010 nonwastewaters (either as generated or as treatment
residuals).
The Agency has not identified any facilities that incinerate K009 and
K010 nonwastewaters. However, EPA has data from incineration of K019
wastes (chlorinated organics) that have chlorinated organic hazardous
constituents similar to those present in K009 and K010 nonwastewaters.
The Agency believes that KOI9 is more difficult to treat than K009 and
K010 nonwastewaters because K019 contains organic constituents that have
higher bond dissociation energies and higher boiling points than those of
any of the organic constituents present in K009 and K010 nonwastewaters
(see Appendix A).
The Agency has determined that recycling is demonstrated for K010
wastes because one facility submitted CBI data showing treatment of K010
waste through recycling. However, the Agency's data show that the
residuals of these recycling practices result in wastewaters that need
further treatment prior to disposal and are currently treated along with
K009 waste prior to disposal. As of January 11, 1989, these wastes were
treated by a proprietary hydrolysis process followed by biological
treatment.
278
-------
3.2.2 Wastewaters
One facility is currently using hydrolysis followed by biological
treatment to treat K009 and K010 wastewaters. As a result, the Agency
has determined that hydrolysis followed by biological treatment is a
demonstrated technology for K009 and K010 wastewaters. This facility,
however, informed the Agency of its intention to treat effluents from the
hydrolysis unit by steam stripping prior to biological treatment.
EPA's Office of Water has performance data showing that biological
treatment, steam stripping, carbon adsorption, or any combination of
these technologies is being used to treat wastewaters believed to be
similar to, or containing constituents also present in, K009 and K010
wastewaters. The Agency lacks data to support the fact that any of the
other applicable technologies are demonstrated for K009 and K010
wastewaters or similar wastes. The Agency has wet air oxidation data
from the treatment of acrylonitrile but determined that these data were
pilot-scale data (to determine applicability of treatment) and that the
operating conditions of the wet air oxidation treatment system were
insufficient to optimize treatment. The Agency therefore did not
consider these data in establishing BOAT.
2?8
-------
4. PERFORMANCE DATA BASE
This section presents the data available on the performance of
demonstrated technologies in treating the listed wastes. These data are
used elsewhere in this document for determining which technologies
represent BOAT (Section 5), for selecting constituents to be regulated
(Section 6), and for developing treatment standards (Section 7). In
addition to full-scale demonstration data, eligible data may include data
developed at research facilities or obtained through other applications
at less than full-scale operation, as long as the technology is
demonstrated in full-scale operation for a similar waste as defined in
Section 3.
Performance data, to the extent that they are available to EPA,
include the untreated and treated waste concentrations for a given
constituent, the values of operating parameters that were measured at the
time the waste was being treated, the values of relevant design
parameters for the treatment technology, and data on waste
characteristics that affect performance of the treatment technology.
Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific wastes
of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer data on the treatment of a
similar waste or wastes using the demonstrated technology. To transfer
data from another waste category, EPA must find that the untested wastes
(those covered by this background document) are no more difficult to
treat (based on the waste characteristics or the parameters that affect
performance of the demonstrated treatment technology) than the treated
wastes from which performance data are being transferred.
2?8Sg
4-1
-------
4•1 Nonwastewaters
The Agency does not have performance data available to characterize
treatment of K009 and KOI0 nonwastewaters by incineration; however, it
does have data for incineration of a similar waste, K019. (The source of
these data is the U.S. EPA Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment
Technology Performance and Operation for Rollins Environmental Services
(TX) Inc., Deer Park, Texas, March 11, 1988.) According to 40 CFR
Part 261.32, K019 is listed as "heavy ends from the distillation of
ethylene dichloride in ethylene dichloride production." The similarity
of K019 to K009 and K010 is based on the waste compositions, the waste
characteristics affecting performance, and the fact that K009 and K010
wastes are also produced from distillation column residuals from
producing chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. (See Appendix A for a
summary of the waste characteristics affecting performance for
constituents of concern in K009 and K010 wastes.)
Consequently, the Agency is transferring performance data from the
treatment of K019 to K009 and K010 nonwastewaters. (Nonwastewaters may be
K009 and K010 as generated or the residuals from treatment of K009 and
K010 wastes, e.g., spent activated carbon from wastewater treatment or
biomass from biological treatment.) Performance data were transferred
for the treatment of chloroform (the only regulated organic constituent
in K009/K010 nonwastewaters). These performance data are presented in
Table 4-1 at the end of this section and in Appendix C (Tables C-l through
C-6). Also included from K019 data are (1) matrix spike recovery data
for kiln ash residue (Table C-7), (2) accuracy corrected data (Table C-8),
?785c
4-2
-------
and (3) calculation of Treatment Standards for K019 nonwastewaters
(Table C-9). These data were excerpted from the Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Chlorinated Organics
Treatability Group (K016, K018, K019, K020, K030) (USEPA 1988a). Tables
C-l through C-6 present the six data sets of the BDAT list constituents
detected in the untreated wastes (K019 and RCRA blend, a combination of
oily, solvent water and other industrial organic waste residuals no^
necessarily a hazardous waste regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA) and
treated wastes (rotary kiln ash) from the rotary kiln incineration
treatment system. These tables also present design and operating data
for each sample set. The testing procedures used to analyze these
constituents are specifically identified in the analytical quality
assurance/quality control discussion of the BDAT Background Document for
Chlorinated Organics Treatability Group (K016, K018, K019, K02Q, K030).
As mentioned in Section 3, the Agency has determined that recycling
is demonstrated for K010 nonwastewaters because one facility currently
treats K010 nonwastewater by recycling. The Agency did not propose
recycling as BDAT because the facility currently recycling K010
nonwastewater uses a proprietary treatment process.
The levels of chromium (total), mercury, and lead in untreated K009
and K010 wastes were determined to be below treatable levels. As a
result, the Agency is not regulating these BDAT list metals. However,
the Agency did find copper at treatable concentrations in K009 and K010
wastes. The Agency is not regulating copper in K009 and K010 wastes
2785s
4-3
-------
because (1) copper is not listed in Appendix VIII of 40 CFR Part 261 as
an elemental constituent but rather as a specific compound (i.e., copper
cyanide), (2) no other constituent in the K009/K010 hazardous waste of
concern in the matrices was associated with copper, and (3) copper cannot
serve as an indicator constituent for the treatment of other metal
constituents.
4.2 Wastewaters
The Agency has CBI performance data on hydrolysis only, from a
facility using hydrolysis followed by biological treatment of K009 and
K010 wastewaters. As a result, the Agency is unable to determine the
performance of biological treatment on hydrolyzed K009 and K020
wastewater. EPA also has performance data from the Office of Water's
(OW's) data base supporting the development of Effluent Limitations
Guidelines for the Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers
(OCPSF) Industries.
The Office of Solid Haste reviewed eight sets* of performance data
(for chloroform) from the OW's OCPSF data base for the Best Available
Technology (BAT) Option II Toxics (Subcategory One--plants that have or
will install biological treatment to comply with the Best Practicable
Control Technology (BPT) currently available) for end-of-pipe biological
treatment plus in-plant control technologies that treat the constituents
prior to discharge to end-of-pipe treatment. The wastewater treatment
*A data set refers to the data available from individual plants, and each
"set" of data has paired influent and effluent data points.
2785g
4-4
-------
technologies for chloroform for which these data were collected include
biological treatment and steam stripping. This is the technology basis
that the Office of Water used for establishing the effluent limitations
for chloroform for BAT Subcategory One.
These data do not all represent treatment of K009 and K010 waste-
waters, but rather treatment of wastewaters that contain constituents that
are also present in K009 and K010 wastewaters. The Agency may use data
from wastes believed to be similar or wastes that contain the same or
similar constituents as a waste of concern in order to develop treatment
standards.
The transfer of treatment data is supported by the determination that
K009 and K010 wastes generated by the Organic Chemicals Plastics and
Synthetic Fibers Industry are applicable to the Chemical Organic Commodity
Industry because the constituents present in the wastes treated by the
Office of Water are similar to those in K009 and K010 wastes. Also, the
Agency concluded that none of the constituents present in K009 and K010
wastes are likely to interfere with or reduce the level of performance
achieved for the wastes tested by OW. Therefore, the Agency is
transferring performance data from the OW's OCPSF BAT Option II Toxics
(Subcategory One) Limitations data base to chloroform, the regulated
constituent in K009 and K010 wastewaters.
2785g
4-5
-------
Z7Z0q
Table 4-1 Treatment Performance Oata (Ash) from the
incmeranon of K019 Waste
Const ituent
Untreated (ppw)
Treated (ppm)
Chloroform
4.600
<2.0
Chloroform
5.800
<2.0
Chloroform
5.000 .
<2.0
Chloroform
5.300
<2.0
Chloroform
6.000
<2.0
Chloroform
S.600
<2.0
Average concentration
5.383
*2.0
4-6
-------
27ZCg
"ab;e 4-2 "reatment Performance Data for Treatment Train
Consisting of Stean StriCDing followed by
3iologi;ai Treatment
(3iologica 1 Treatment Data Only)
Constituent Untreated (ppm) Treated (ppn}
Plant 2631F
Chloroform
2 - 71
0.018
Ch lorof ortii
323
0.015
Chloroform
1.17
0.022
Chloroform
4.24
0.031
Ch loroform
4.22
0.042
Ch loroform
5.25
0.048
Chloroform
4.69
0.068
Chloroform
1.79
0.014
Chloroform
2.43
0.014
Chloroform
2.07
0.016
Chloroform
2.18
0.015
Chloroform
1.48
<0.010
Average concentration
3.0
0.026
Source: USEPA 1987d.
4-7
-------
5. IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
This section presents the Agency's rationale for determining best
demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for K009 and KQ10 nonwastewaters
and wastewaters.
To determine BDAT, the Agency examines all applicable performance
data to determine whether the technologies are demonstrated. Next, EPA
determines by using statistical techniques whether one or more of the
technologies perform significantly better than the others. All
performance data used for determination of best technology must first be
adjusted for analytical precision and accuracy, as discussed in EPA's
publication Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for Methodology. (An accuracy adjustment assesses the ability
of an analytical technique to recover a particular constituent from the
waste in a particular test. It is usually done by spiking a sample with
a known amount of a target constituent and then comparing the amount
recovered with results from unspiked samples.) BDAT must be specifically
defined for all streams associated with the management of the listed
waste or wastes; this pertains to the original waste as well as any
residual waste stream created by the treatment process.
The technology that performs best on a particular waste or waste
treatability group is then evaluated to determine whether it is
"available." To be available, the technology must (1) be commercially
available to any generator and '(2) provide "substantial" treatment of the
waste as determined through evaluation of adjusted data. In determining
2766?
5-1
-------
whether treatment is substantial, a demonstrated treatment technology
must "substantially diminish the toxicity" of the waste or "substantially
reduce the likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents" from the
waste in accordance with section 3004(ra) of HSWA. Treatment will always
be deemed substantial if it results in nondetectable levels of the
hazardous constituents of concern in the TCIP extract. EPA will evaluate
whether a treatment technology provides substantial treatment on a case-
by-case basis when the treatment technology does not achieve nondetectable
constituent concentrations in the residual. This approach is necessary
because of the difficulty in establishing a meaningful guideline that can
be applied broadly to the many wastes and technologies that will be con-
sidered. EPA will consider the following factors in an effort to evaluate
whether a technology provides substantial treatment on a case-by-case
basis:
1. Number and types of constituents treated;
2. Performance (concentration of the constituents in the treatment
residuals); and
3. Percent of constituents removed.
If none of the demonstrated treatment technologies achieve substantial
treatment of a waste, the Agency cannot establish treatment standards for
the constituents of concern in that waste. If the best technology is
determined to be not available, then the next best technology is
evaluated, and so on.
Nonwastewater forms of K0Q9 and K010 contain more than 1 percent
(weight basis) filterable solids and more than 1 percent (weight basis)
2786g
5-2
-------
total organic carbon. Wastewater forms of K009 and K010 contain less
than 1 percent (weight basis) filterable solids and less than 1 percent
(weight basis) total organic carbon. BOAT will be defined for all K009
and K010 nonwastewater and wastewater streams for BOAT list organics.
Nonwastewater streams from K009 and K010 include but are not limited
to (1) the as-generated waste streams (K010 as generated is typically a
nonwastewater), (2) the ash produced by incineration, (3) the scrubber
water sludges generated by treatment of the scrubber wastewater, and
(4) the nonwastewater generated as biomass by the biological treatment
process.
Wastewater streams from K009 and K010 include but are not limited to
(1) the as-generated K009 waste stream, (2) the scrubber water from
incineration of nonwastewaters, and (3) the wastewater from steam
stripping.
5.1 Nonwastewaters
In Section 3 of this document, the Agency identified incineration as
a demonstrated technology to be considered BOAT for K009 and KQ10
nonwastewaters. Consistent with EPA's methodology for determining BOAT,
the Agency evaluated the incineration performance data for a similar
waste (K019, which the Agency believes is more difficult to treat than
K009 and K010) to determine whether this technology would provide
statistically significant treatment for BDAT list organic constituents in
K009 and K010 wastes. Based on the evaluation of the design and
operating parameters of the similar treatment system, the analytical
2786g
5-3
-------
testing, and the quality of the data, EPA determined that statistically
significant treatment occurs. This determination is based on the
reduction of BOAT list organic constituents to nondetectable levels in
the treatment residuals. In addition to providing substantial reduction,
incineration is a widely available commercial technology.
As stated in Section 4, the Agency has performance data for only
incineration of K019 waste, which is believed to be similar to K009 and
K010 wastes because KOI9 wastes (chlorinated organics) contain
constituents similar to those present in K009 and K010 nonwastewaters.
The Agency concludes that incineration is BDAT for K009 and K010
nonwastewaters because it has been demonstrated on a similar waste,
K019. Further, the Agency believes that K019 is harder to treat than
K009 and K010 wastes because all constituents in K009 and K010 have lower
bond energies and lower boiling points than phenanthrene (2900 kcal/raole
bond dissociation energy and 340"C boiling point; see Appendix A), a
constituent of K019. Phenanthrene was treated to nondetectable levels in
K019. (Phenanthrene's concentration in the untreated K019 wastes ranged
from 11 to 21 ppm.) Additionally, the Agency believes that none of the
constituents in K009 and K010 nonwastewaters are likely to interfere with
the treatment provided by incineration of chloroform in K019.
5.2 Wastewaters
In Section 3 of this document, the Agency identified biological
treatment in combination with steam stripping and/or carbon adsorption to
be demonstrated and available treatment trains because these are the
technology treatment trains upon which the Office of Water bases its
5-4
-------
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for wastes similar to K009
and K0I0 wastes. The treatment train that the Office of Water used to
establish the Effluent Limitations Guidelines for chloroform is based on
Steam Stripping followed by biological treatment.
The Agency determined that some of the OW performance data used to
establish the proposed wastewater treatment standards were not adjusted
for analytical spiked recoveries. (These performance data represented
the following four separate studies: (1) the OCPSF Verification Study
(V) which emphasized data collection that described raw process
wastewater and effluents from the principal treatment configurations
(i.e., preliminary in-plant treatment and biological treatment for
combined plant wastewaters); (2) the Five-Plant Study (F) conducted by
EPA with cooperation of the Chemical Manufacturers Association and
participating OCPSF plants to assess the effectiveness of biological
treatment in removing certain organic priority pollutants; (3) the
Twelve-Plant Study (T) conducted by EPA that was designed to provide
additional data on certain nonbiological treatment technologies such as
steam stripping and activated carbon adsorption; and (4) Public Comment
Plants (P) which represent data submitted to EPA from industry comments
(USEPAe).) Recovery data were not available for the data set from plant
2631F (Five-Plant Study) used to develop the standard for chloroform in
K009 and K010 wastewaters. However, recovery data were available for the
treated effluents resulting from the biological treatment at this same
plant (i.e., 2631V) in the Verification Study. The Agency therefore
borrowed the recovery data for chloroform from plant 2631V and adjusted
2 786g
5-5
-------
the data from plant Z631F that were used to establish the final K009 and
K010 standard for chloroform in K009 and K010 wastewaters. Performance
data for the data set used for determining the BOAT treatment standards
for K009 and K010 wastewaters are presented in Table 4-2 and Appendix B
of this Final K009 and K010 background document. The Agency then
proceeded to edit the available performance data according to the
criteria specified in the Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for Methodology (USEPA 1988c).
Data sets were deleted if the influent concentrations in the OW data
were less than the lowest concentration for the constituent's untreated
waste concentration in K009 and K010 wastes. Data points in OW's data
base with effluent concentrations greater than the corresponding influent
concentrations were deleted because the protocols established in the
methodology document state that the data used for establishing
performance standards must show substantial treatment. The Agency's
rationale for consideration and/or deletion of data used for calculation
of the BOAT treatment standard for K009 and K010 wastewaters is presented
below.
Eight data sets were available from the OW's OCPSF BAT Option II
Toxics (Subcategory One) Limitations data base for treatment of
chloroform. EPA deleted the data set from plant 2693P because analytical
data were not available to adjust the data for analytical precision and
accuracy. Influent concentrations from plants 725T, 1609V, and 2631V
were below the lowest concentration level (1.4 ppm) for chloroform
detected in K009 and K010 untreated waste. Only data sets from plant
?785g
5-6
-------
725V and 2631F had influent concentrations equal to or above the
concentration for chloroform in K009 and K010 untreated waste.
The data set from plant 725V was deleted because it had only two data
points with concentrations equal to or above the lowest concentration for
chloroform in K009 and K010 untreated wastes as presented in the charac-
terization data for K009 and K010 waste in Tables 2-2 and 2-3 in this
final background document. The Agency, selected the data set from plant
2631F (with 11 data points above the lowest concentration for chloroform
in K009 and KQ10 untreated waste and 1 data point with an approximate
value to the lowest concentration for chloroform in K009 and K010
untreated wastes). The data set from Plant 2631F was therefore selected
because the Agency believes that a standard derived from a larger data
set is more likely to be statistically correct. The Agency concluded that
it was therefore more conservative to use the data set from plant 2631F
for calculating the performance standard.
As mentioned in Section 3, EPA identified hydrolysis followed by
biological treatment to be a demonstrated and available technology
because one facility uses this proprietary technology to treat K009 and
KOI0 wastes. No data were submitted on the biological treatment portion
of the facility's treatment system. However, the Agency concluded that
hydrolysis alone is not a candidate for BDAT because the effluent waste-
waters from hydrolysis have a significant concentration of chloroform as
presented in the November 27, 1985, Federal Register, p. 48938, Table 1
(USEPA 1985b). The Agency also has CBI data from Texas Eastman Company
?786g
5-7
-------
showing the presence of other BOAT list hazardous constituents in
K009/K010 wastewaters resulting from hydrolysis treatment of those
wastewaters, but Texas Eastman Company claimed that such constituents
were a direct result of impurities in the materials used to adjust the pH
levels of the untreated K009/K010 wastewaters. The Agency asked the
facility treating K009 and K010 waste by hydrolysis to submit treatment
data on the use of its hydrolysis process in combination with the other
treatment processes at the facility, but the facility did not submit
these data. Because these new data were not submitted, EPA was unable to
perform a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the facility's
treatment train, comparing it to steam stripping followed by biological
treatment. Should these data become available and show statistically
better treatment (based on the ANOVA method), the Agency may amend the
standard. The Agency is not precluded from amending a promulgated
standard after better information is received.
Based on the available information, EPA has determined that treatment
of K009 and K010 wastewaters in wel1-designed and well-operated steam
stripping units followed by biological treatment represents BDAT for K009
and K010 wastewaters. The Agency also noted that some data for steam
stripping alone support the achievability of the performance level for
steam stripping followed by biological treatment (see Table B-3 in
Appendix B).
2786g
5-8
-------
6. SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
This section presents the rationale for the selection of regulated
constituents for the treatment of K009 and KO10 wastes.
Constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the following
criteria:
1. They must be on the BOAT list of hazardous regulated
constituents. This is a growing list of hazardous constituents
that does not preclude the addition of new constituents as
additional key parameters are identified. The list is divided
into the following categories: volatile organics, semivolatile
organics, metals, inorganics, organochlorine pesticides, PCBs,
and dioxins and furans. The constituents in each category have
similar chemical properties and are expected to behave similarly
during treatment with the exception of the organics. (Presence
on the BDAT list implies the existence of approved techniques for
analyzing the constituent in treated waste matrices.)
2. They must be present in, or be suspected of being present in, the
untreated waste. For example, in some cases, analytical
difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a constituent from
being identified in the untreated waste, but its identification
in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to conclude that it
is present in the untreated waste.
3. Where performance data are transferred from another waste, the
selected constituents must be as difficult to treat as the waste
constituent(s) for which performance data are transferred.
Factors for assessing ease of treatment will vary according to
the technology of concern. For example, for incineration the
factors include bond dissociation energy, thermal conductivity,
and boiling point.
From the group of constituents that are eligible to be regulated, EPA
may select a subset of constituents as representative of the broader
group. For example, out of a group of constituents that react similarly
to treatment, the Agency might name only those that are the most
difficult to treat as regulated constituents for the purpose of setting a
standard.
I
27Q7g
6-1
-------
6.1 Identification of BDAT List Constituents
As discussed in Sections 2 and 4, the Agency has characterization
data for K009 and KO10 wastes, as well as the following performance data
from the treatment of similar wastes: K019 performance data for the
nonwastewater organics and performance data from the Office of Water's
data base from the OCPSf industries. Constituents that were not expected
to be in the untreated wastes or that could be regulated by regulation of
other BDAT list constituents were not considered for regulation.
6.2 Constituents Selected for Regulation
The regulated constituents are selected from among those BDAT list
constituents expected to be in the untreated K009 and K010 wastes and for
which available data suggest that substantial treatment is provided by
incineration for nonwastewaters and by steam stripping followed by
biological treatment for wastewaters. These constituents serve as
performance indicators that effective treatment is provided to the other
BDAT list constituents present in the waste. As a general rule, any
BDAT constituent expected to be present in the waste at a concentration
above treatable levels would be eligible for selection.
At proposal, the Agency identified methylene chloride and chloroform
as candidates for regulation. These two constituents were determined to
be present in the untreated waste at treatable concentrations. For
instance, chloroform concentrations ranged from 120 to 3,800 ppm in K010
nonwastewater and from 1.4 to 2.8 ppm in K009 wastewaters. Similarly,
methylene chloride was detected at CBI ranges in K009 and at CBI ranges
in K010 wastes.
2787g
6-2
-------
Today's rule promulgates concentration based standards for K009 and
K010 wastes by regulating chloroform. This is because the Agency
determined that regulation of chloroform should ensure that effective
treatment is provided to methylene chloride. Because methylene chloride
has a lower boiling point and higher vapor pressure than chloroform, the
Agency believes that methylene chloride is less difficult to treat than
chloroform. As a result, the Agency withdrew the methylene chloride
standard.
6.3 Non-BDAT List Constituents
Non-BDAT list (40 CFR Part 261) organic constituents that are
expected to be present in K009 and K010 waste at treatable concentrations
include acetic acid, acetyl chloride, chloral, chloroacetaldehyde,
crotonaldehyde, formaldehyde, formic acid, and paraldehyde. Because
currently available EPA methods cannot adequately analyze these
constituents at low concentration levels in complex hazardous waste
matrices, the constituents are not currently on the BOAT list. However,
the Agency considered the following as surrogates or indicators for these
non-BOAT list constituents: biological oxygen demand (BOO), chemical
oxygen demand (COD), total organic content,' total volatile solids, and
total organic chlorine content. Because of time constraints, however,
the Agency was unable to determine the validity of such gross parameters
as surrogates or indicators of the non-BDAT list constituents in K009 and
K010 wastes.
The Agency solicited comments on the need for setting additional
treatment requirements for the non-BOAT list constituents. The Agency
2?S7g
6-3
-------
specifically requested comments on whether the presence of the non-BDAT
list constituents would interfere with the efficiency of the treatment of
the BOAT list constituents. The Agency received one comment in support
of its assumption that the available data do not suggest that these
non-BDAT list constituents are likely to interfere with the treatment of
the regulated constituents. The Agency does not expect these non-BDAT
list constituents to behave differently or to interfere with the
treatment of the BDAT list constituents. The Agency has not concluded
its studies for identifying analytical methods or alternative gross
parameters, but the Agency believes that by regulating the BDAT list
constituents, it will have also regulated the non-BDAT list constituents,
as explained below.
6.3.1 Nonwastewaters
The treatment standard for K009 and K010 nonwastewaters is based on a
transfer of performance data from the incineration of chloroform in K019
nonwastewaters. The Agency expects that the same treatment of these
non-BDAT list constituents will be provided by treatment of the BDAT list
constituent. Further, EPA does not expect the non-BDAT list constituents
to interfere with the treatment of the BDAT list constituents.
6.3.2 Wastewaters
The Agency also believes that, based on their chemical structure and
physical properties, and the fact that these wastes are generated from
the same production process as "the BOAT list constituents, these non-BDAT
list constituents are likely to be amenable to the same types of
278?g
6-4
-------
treatment technologies as those utilized for the BOAT list constituents
in K009 and K010 wastewaters (i.e., steam stripping followed by
biological treatment). In addition, the Agency expects that these
non-BDAT list constituents will be treated as effectively as were the
BDAT list constituents. Also, EPA does not expect these non-BDAT list
constituents to interfere with the treatment of the BDAT list
constituents.
The actual reduction of non-BDAT list hazardous constituents cannot
be assessed because the necessary analytical methods are not available.
Therefore, EPA intends to maximize the reduction of chloroform, which is
a BDAT list constituent for which validated analytical methods are
available.
As a result, EPA is not promulgating, at this time, additional
requirements for K009 and K010 wastes prior to disposal. However, EPA
does reserve the right to develop new standards for these additional
constituents as new data become available. At this time the Agency has
determined that by regulation of the BDAT list constituents the non-BDAT
list constituents will also be regulated.
6.4 Constituents Determined to Be Extraneous to the Manufacture of
Acetaldehvde from the Oxidation of Ethylene
The Agency's data characterizing several process wastewaters from the
production of acetaldehyde show several BDAT list constituents that the
Agency has determined to be extraneous to the manufacturing process of
acetaldehyde from the direct oxidation of ethylene. Constituents that
were ruled out as candidates for regulation met any of the following
criteria: (1) the constituents are not expected to be generated by the
6-5
2 787g
-------
acetaldehyde manufacturing process of concern, (2) the presence of the
constituents in some of the K009 and K010 characterization data could be
the result of some other influences, such as cross-contamination; and
(3) the constituents were not shown in the available characterization
data for untreated and treated effluents of K009 and K010 from
hydrolysis. Examples of these constituents are acrolein, acrylonitrile,
benzene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 2,4-dinitrophenol, ethyl acetate, ethyl
methacrylate, and toluene.
The determination of whether the above-mentioned constituents are
extraneous to the acetaldehyde manufacturing process is based on a review
of (1) all available data for the untreated K009 and K010 waste,
(2) technical literature pertaining to the acetaldehyde manufacturing
process, and (3) industry comments on K009 and K010 waste
characterization received on the proposed rule.
The Agency concluded that all of the aforementioned constituents could
be eliminated as potential constituents generated by the manufacturing
process of concern for acetaldehyde. The Agency's rationale for this
determination is presented below.
Constituents such as benzene and phenol were not expected to be
present in K009 and K010 wastes because their vapor pressures are
negligible at the temperature at which coiranercial ethylene (feedstock for
production of acetaldehyde) production is purified (-101°C). In
addition, nitrated phenols are jiot expected to be present. Air normally
contains approximately 78 percent nitrogen. However, a review of all
available process literature reveals that molecular nitrogen plays no
2?8?g
6-6
-------
role in the process. There are no other sources of nitrogen atoms
available in the process feedstock.
Available literature suggests that these aromatic constituents are
unlikely to occur in K009 and K010 wastes because of the vast differences
in vapor pressures between ethylene and simple aromatic compounds such as
benzene and toluene. Early data suggesting the presence of benzene,
toluene, or nitrated or halogenated phenols in K009 and K010 wastes were
determined to represent data not from the acetaldehyde manufacturing
wastewaters of concern, but originating from other types of acetaldehyde
manufacturing wastewaters.
Acrylonitrile can similarly be dismissed as a process-related waste
because no amines, cyanides, or other possible sources of a nitrile group
are present in the feedstocks used.
The Agency received one comment on the proposed regulation from Texas
Eastman Company (one of the two manufacturers of acetaldehyde, from which
K009 and K010 are generated). The coimienter challenged the Agency's
proposed standards for additional suspected extraneous K009 and K010
waste constituents (i.e., acrolein, 1,1-dichloroethane, ethyl acetate,
ethyl methacrylate, and methylene chloride). EPA originally proposed
treatment standards for these constituents because their presence in some
of the K009 and K010 characterization data could be the result of some
other influences such as cross-contamination in the field or of the
treatment of the wastes. After re-examining the available data, however,
the Agency determined that such constituents were likely to be extraneous
to the manufacturing process. This is because the majority of these
27S7g
6-7
-------
constituents were identified in the characterization data from the Office
of Water representing characterization of process wastewaters from other
acetaldehyde manufacturing processes that were not the one of concern.
These other wastewaters (manufacturing processes) as well as K009 and
K010 wastewaters (acetaldehyde manufacturing process from ethylene) are
currently regulated under the Effluent Limitations Guidelines (see
Chapter 2.1).
Because today's promulgated standards apply only to those
constituents identified in wastes resulting from the manufacturing of
acetaldehyde from the direct oxidation of ethylene, the Agency revised
the proposed standards. These revisions resulted in EPA's withdrawal of
the standards proposed for acrolein, 1,1-dichloroethane, and ethyl
methacrylate in the final rule. Although no standard was proposed for
ethyl acetate, the Agency notes its findings that ethyl acetate was
present in other wastewaters that were not the one of concern.
278?q
6-8
-------
7. DEVELOPMENT OF BOAT TREATMENT STANOARDS
The Agency bases treatment standards for regulated constituents on
the performance of well-designed and well-operated BDAT treatment
systems. These standards must account for analytical limitations in
available performance data and must be adjusted for variabilities related
to treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures.
BDAT standards are determined for each constituent by multiplying the
arithmetic mean of analytical precision and accuracy-adjusted constituent
concentrations detected in treated waste by a "variability factor"
specific to each treatment technology defined as BDAT. Adjustment of
performance data for analytical precision and accuracy was discussed in
Section 5. Variability factors adjust for normal variations in the
performance of a particular technology over time. These two adjustments
are designed to reflect the 99th percentile level of performance that the
technology achieves in commercial operation. (For more information on
the principles of calculating variability factors, see EPA's publication
Methodology for Developing Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Treatment Standards (USEPA 1989c).
Where EPA has identified BDAT for a particular waste, but because of
data limitations or for some other compelling reason cannot define
specific treatment standards for that waste, the Agency instead can
require the use of that treatment process as a technology standard.
Similarly, where there are no known generators of a waste, or where EPA
2 ? 38g
7-1
-------
believes that the waste can be totally recycled or reused as a raw
material, the Agency may specify a "no land disposal" standard, which
effectively amounts to setting the performance standard at zero for all
waste constituents.
In the case of K009 and K010 wastes, the Agency is setting a
treatment standard for chloroform as shown on Table 7-3.
7.1 Nonwastewaters
Treatment performance data for incineration of K009 and K010
nonwastewaters are not available to the Agency. Therefore, the Agency's
rationale for establishing a standard for the only regulated
nonwastewater constituent (i.e., chloroform) is based on performance data
from incineration of K019 wastes. For the regulated organic constituent
in K009 and K010 nonwastewaters, EPA used performance data for chloroform
multiplied by a variability factor of 2.8. EPA is using a variability
factor of 2.8 for the volatile (i.e., chloroform) treatment standard
calculations because the effluent concentration of chloroform is less
than its detection limit. The variability factor accounts for variations
in technology performance and waste characteristics. The treatment
standard calculation for chloroform is shown on Table 7-1.
7.2 Wastewaters
Treatment performance data for K009 and KQ10 wastewaters are not
available to the Agency; therefore, EPA is establishing a standard for
the only regulated constituent (i.e., chloroform) in K009 and K010
2788g
7-2
-------
wastewaters based on treatment performance data from EPA's Office of
Water, for which the Effluent Limitations Guidelines (ELGs) have been
established for the Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers
Industry and are applicable to the Chemical Organic Commodity Industry.
OW performance data are based on end-of-pipe biological treatment plus
in-plant control technologies. The Agency wishes to point out that the
OCPSF performance data are based on composite samples rather than the
usual BDAT program methodology, which stipulates the use of grab samples
for establishing performance standards. Standards derived from grab
samples are statistically corrected to reflect the 99th percentile, and
the Agency believes that the corrected OCPSF performance data are
equivalent to corrected grab samples data. The Agency has therefore
decided to promulgate the chloroform wastewater standard from these
composite data, noting that the standard is based on composite data. The
in-plant technologies for organic constituents include biological
treatment, steam stripping, carbon adsorption, or any combination of
these technologies. For the K009 and K010 wastewaters chloroform
standard, EPA obtained the Summary of Analytical Data for the ELGs for
Verification plants, which provided the recovery values. The Agency was
therefore able to correct the chloroform data from the Option II Toxics
(Subcategory One) Limitations data base. These data were multiplied by a
variability factor that was determined by a statistical analysis of the
various effluent concentrations. (After the OW treated data were
2788g
7-3
-------
corrected for accuracy and precision, consequently, the variability
factor increased from 3.34 to 3.59.) The variability factor accounts for
variations in technology performance and waste characteristics and
variations in the analytical instruments. The chloroform treatment
standard calculation for K009 and K010 wastewaters is shown on Table 7-2.
2?88g
7-4
-------
Z720g
Tabic 7-1. Calculation of Rooms tauter TreatKnt Standard for K0Q9 and K010 Wastes
Average Analytical
^ concentration in ieu)»eiy Corrected Treatment
Regulated treated vaste correction value Variability standard
constituent (pf») factor (pfm) factor4 (ppa)
Chloroforw <2 1.06 2.13 2.0 6.0
4 Variability factor of 2.8 is «sad «hea all saples are below the detect ion Tteit for the
constituent.
7-5
-------
U20q
Table 7-2. Calculation of Wastewater Treatment Standard for K009 and K010 Wastes
Regulated
constItucnl
Average concentrations
In treated waste
(ppnt)
(plant 2631F)
Analytical recovery
correction factor
Average corrected4
va lue
(ppm)
Variabi I ity
factor9
Treatment
standard
(ppm)
Chloroform
0.026
1.0S
0.028
3.59
0.10
d Effluent values were adjusted by applying the percent recovery value for chloroform (95 percent) from plant 2631V. Recovery value was
taken from the Simnary of Analytical Data to Support BAT feildellnes/Docunentatlon of Analytical Method Priority Pollutant Removal by
Treatment Systems. (Recovery data were available only for data frcn the Verification study (V plants).)
-------
Table 7-3
BOAT Treatment Standard for K009 and K010
Nonwastewaters
Constituent
Maximum for any sinqle arab samDle
Total composition TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/1)
Chloroform
6.0 Not Applicable
Wastewaters
Constituent
Based on coimjosite samoles
Total composition
(mg/i)
Chloroform
0.10
?738g
7-7
-------
8. REFERENCES
APHA, AWWA, and WPCF. 1985. American Public Health Association,
American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control
Federation. Standard methods for the examination of water and
wastewater. 16th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health
Association.
Davidson, L.N. Hydrolysis. Arthur 0. Little, Inc.
Dean, J.A., ed. Lange's handbook of chemistry, 12th ed., pp. 8-11.
New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hydroscience, Inc. 1979. Emissions control options for the synthetic
organic chemicals manufacturing industry. Acetaldehyde abbreviated
product report. Contract No. 68-02-2577 for Emission Standards and
Engineering Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Jira, R., Blau, W. and Grimm, D. 1976. Acetaldehyde via air or oxygen,
hydrocarbon processing, pp. 97-100.
Sanderson, R.T. 1971. Chemical bonds and bond energy. New York and
London: Academic Press.
Sittig, M. 1985. Handbook of toxic and hazardous chemicals and
carcinogens. 2nd ed. Princeton University. Noyes Publications.
SRI International. 1988. Directory of chemical producers, United States
of America.
USEPA. 1980. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development. RCRA listing background document. Waste codes K009
and K010. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1985a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Characterization
of waste streams listed in 40 CFR Section 261 waste profiles. Vol.
ii. Prepared by Environ Corporation for Waste Identification Branch,
Characterization and Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1985b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Texas Eastman Company, Petition for Exclusion, Proposed Rule.
USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: Data on K009 and K010 wastes. National
survey of hazardous waste, treatment, storage, disposal, and
recycling facilities data base. Retrieved October 1988. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2739a
8-1
-------
USEPA. ]987a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
organic chemicals, plastics, and synthetic fibers point source
category. Vol. 1. EPA 440/1-87/009. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1987b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
organic chemicals, plastics, and synthetic fibers point source
category. Vol. II. EPA 440/1-87/009. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1987c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Generic quality assurance project plan for land disposal
restrictions program ("BOAT"). EPA/530-SW-87-011.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1987d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Administrative
record accompanying the final rule for the effluent limitations
guidelines for the organic chemicals plastics and synthetic fibers
data base, pages 225315-115713 [52 FR 42522-42584].
USEPA. 1987e. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water.
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Category Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, Pretreatment Standards, and New Source
Performance Standards; Final Rule.
USEPA. 1988a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Best demonstrated
available technology (BOAT) background document for chlorinated
organics treatability group (K016, K0I8, K019, K020, K030). Vol. 2.
EPA/530-SW-88-0009-b. Washington, O.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Best demonstrated
available technology (BOAT) background document for F006. Vol. 13.
EPA/530-SW-88-0009-1. Washington, D.C.j U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Background document
for developing best demonstrated available technology (BOAT)
treatment standards. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatment
technology background document. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
2?89g
8-2
-------
Weast, R.C., ed. 1980. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, 61st ed.
p. C-134. Boca Raton, FT a.: CRC Press, Inc.
Confidential Business Information submitted to EPA by Texas Eastman
Company. July 1988.
Confidential Business Information obtained from the Office of Water.
November 1988.
2'89g
8-3
-------
APPENDIX A
Waste Characteristics Affecting Performance
List of Boiling Points and Bond Dissociation Energies for
Constituents of Concern in K009 and K01Q Wastes
A-1
-------
APPENDIX A
Const i tuent
BOAT Constituent
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Chloroform
1.1-Dichloroethane
1.2-Dichloroethane
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl methacrylate
Methyl chloride
Methylene chloride
Napthalene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenanthrene3
Toluene
Non-BDAT Constituent
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetyl chloride
Chloral
Chloroacetaldehyde
Crotonaldehyde
Oichloroacetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Paraldehyde
Bond
dissociation
energy
(kcal/mole)
805
860
1335
350
645
645
1530
1305
1735
380
360
2095
1410
2900
1410
660
755
640
600
640
1090
620
375
1935
Reference
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
Bo iling
poi nt
ill
52.5-53.5
77.5-79
80.1
61-61.2
57-57.3
83-84
209
76-77
118-119
-24
39.8-40
217.9-218
309
340
309
20.8
117.9
50.9
97.8
157
104-105
90-91
-21
128
Reference
aPhenanthrene is present in K019 waste with
energy and higher boiling point than those
present or suspected to be present in K009
Sources:
a higher bond dissociation
of any of the constituents
and K010 wastes.
1 - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 65th Edition.
2 - Sanderson, R.T. Chemical Bonds and Bond Energy
3 - Lange's Handbook of Chemistry
A-2
-------
APPENDIX B
Performance Data Base (for Chloroform): From
Office of Water BAT Option II
Toxics (Subcategory One and Two)
Limitations Data Base
and
Recovery data for Chloroform from the
Sunmary of Analytical Data from OW
-------
Table B-l
1131 INC OF (011(0 OAT OPIIOM n roues
(SUDCAIEGORT 011(1 IIHIIAIIOIIS 0A1A OASt
PIAMTS Nllll T SUFFIX OIIIOIE PI AMIS FROH It-PUtIT STUIT
PLANTS H1TII f SUFFIX OFIKIft PI AMIS FROft S-PLAJIT SIUOT
PLAHIS HIIII V SUFFIX OlllOlt PLAIIIS FnOH VIRIFICAIIOM StUDV
PLAHIS HIIII P SUFFIX 0EH01E PIAIIIS FIIINI l"UOHC COttllHIS
a»o sunpi(riciirAL quisiimiiaihe
sobito or rouuiMit irutciB
POUUIAHT IMtttR >11 p LAI FT «AlSt
069
SSI
as i
851
OS*
ess
ASA
esr
esa
as«
060
Ml
04t
Ml
M*
84 S
POLlirtAlfT
HA/IE
CIIIOROFORH
CIIIOROFORH
ClllOROFOflri
CIIIOROFORH
CHLOROFORM
CIIIOROFORH
ciaoqoFonn
CHLOROFORM
CHLOROFORM
autmoFORN
CIIIOROFORH
CHLOROFORH
CIIIOROFORH
CHLOROFORH
CIIIOROFORH
1IIFLUEHT
COICEH1RATION
IPPOI
IHFLUEKt BELOW
HIHItUI l(V(L
IFOI
INFLUENT
SAMPLING
SIIC
SAnpimo
OAK
trriiifiiT
COtlCdllRATIOII
IPPOI
(FFIUFICT fit (OH
mitlHUM KVIL
IIOI
io
EC-I
n/tt/ai
•
ID
HD
EC-I
n/io/ai
*
IO
«C-I
It/oi/ai
•
IO
EC-I
it/ot/ai
!~
tc-i
lt/01/81
IO
(C-I
it/OA/ai
It
FO
EC-I
It/05/01
)l
EC-I
it/oo/ai
• it
EC-I
It/O7/81
to
tc-i
it/oa/ai
at
EC-I
it/u/as
«
EC-I
it/it/ai
17
IO
EC-I
lt/ll/81
ia
EC-I
it/ivai
ii
to
IC-I
it/is/ai
it
crriutin
SAHPLIIIG
Silt
tiiiiiHun
UVEl
IPPBI
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A
10
St-A .
10
POUUIAHT IMfltR ¦!} PUUIT U15V
OAS
M&
84 7
MS
POLLUTANT
IIAF1E
CHLOROFORH
CIIIOROFORH
CHLOROFORH
IIIFLUtHT
CONCENTRATION
I PPB I
1NFLUEHT BELOM
H1IIIHU1 L(V(L
IFOI
INFLUENT
SANPLIHtt
SHE
SAHPLItn
OAK
If/04/74
If/OS/78
It/04/78
EFFLUINT
COtKtHTRATION
I PPB I
trriutHT belom
HIIIIHUn KVIL
(Mil
IO
FO
IO
EFFLUINT
SAHPLIHO
SITE
iff
IFF
(FF
HIHIHUn
KVIL
IPPOI
10
10
10
POLLI/TAIFT IU1UR >tl PLAlfT «7tST
00 S
849
8 70
871
071
87)
87<<
87S
874
poninwn
IIA71I
ciuofloroBM
CIIIOROFORH
CIIIOROFORH
ClltOnOFORH
ciuonoroRH
ClllOMOf ORH
CIKOROroRH
ciuoiioroRM
1NFIUFNT
CONCINtRATION
I PPB I
IHFLUEKT BE10W
MINIMUM LEVEL
(IO)
4NFLUEHT
SAHPLIHO
SUE
PCI
PCI
PCI
PCI
PCI
PCI
PCI
PCI
1890V Alt) m 1890V ARF TWO
I HUH 1IIE
SAHPLIHO
OAIE
OS/tt/al
os/ti/ai
os/M/ai
os/ts/ai
os/to/ai
os/tt/ai
os/io/ai
os/n/ai
Di;r.inr.vi„i
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
IPPBI
RCAItiril
KFFLUEHT BELOU
EFFLUENT
minimum
HIHIIM1 LEVEL
SAHPLIN6
IEVEL
IIOI
SHE
IPP8I
IO
SCF
10
IO
SCF
10
IO
SCF
10
IO
SCF
10
IO
SCF
10
IO
SCF
10
IO
SCF
10
ID
SCF
10
3YSITHS
-------
111*1.1 iiivc iiii nun i
CMiir.is jiijiiivjtil IiiliiiijIu (ihi jii* Aotun uir aooui
el
01
01
JJ1
JJ)
ill
toddi ai is
UAll 9111IdMVS
MUIIIIM 1JI1IIUJI
Ul
ai
at
tan
uaii Hnuiiiiu
H01)0 JllllltJJl
i ai.i i
luimiiiuk)}
jiiiiii j j)
0i/tl/60
9//1I/40
91/•
11*0
OlllldUVS
Jill
Jill
Jill
HIS
omiijuvs
iiiinuiii
(an
UA11 UnMIIIIH
hOUB 1IIJII1JIII
9t!
0/9
lit
I Odd I
NOIIVUIIIIHIO]
iNiniJiu
MttOJOttOllll sew
HHOJOtfOIII) <09
UttOJOUUIIO 999
1UVII
iiivinuiM
cm
A609I* jiivid ti* mani Jinriniiod
01
01
01
jii
in
Jii
Ul
(II
Ul
09/01/10
09/tl/IO
09/91/10
Jill
Jill
Jill
0S91
OOSI
tiOl
MIK) JObOllO
uuojohoiii?
MUOJOUOIII3
S99
•>00
( 99
i aid i
11A1I
MIIIMIM
HIS
otii iiims
iiiinijii
• Kit
11A11 UTUINIM
raua Jiunuii
iim.ii
imiifmiiHin
liunuj)
11*0
MllldUVS
HIS
MllldUVS
ill Jill JHI
i an
UAll Mrniiuu
nana jiunuiu
«O.I.I •
lOIlVMIMlJ)!))
uuni jmi
1M*II
jhvmi ioj
sua
aim> unnd (i> maoi uiviniiod
01
JJS
(II
'
(9/40/90
13d
ta
MHO J0HO1II3
199
01
J3S
Ul
•
(9//0/90
13d
i>>Z
MHO J0HO1II3
199
01
IX
Ul
•
IB/90/90
13d
20(
UU0JOHO1II3
099
01
J3S
Ul
•
(9/S0/90
13d
III
MMOJOUOIII3
6/9
01
J3S
Ql
•
(9/10/90
13d
tH
UUOJ0UO1II3
9/9
01
J3S
ai
(9/10/90
13d
1(1
UHOJOUOIIU
119
ia.idi
HIS
Hill
lUldl
1IIS
inn
i aid i
UAll
OlllldM*S
UAll MUIIIIM
IOI1VHIII13IIU)
1IV0
miiduvs
UAll MIIIIIIM
H0I1VMIIII3IUI3
luni
UNIIIIU
Diinuj]
nuuo 11IJIIIJJ1
illllllJJl
OlllldWVS
iiiinuni
none iMiiiUHi
jiimuni
iN*iniiod
COO
iii*i.i (?3 Hiumn niviniio.1
iiunuui iiiviniiu.i tn nnuos
iHivmiiiir.iiin miiiuii.i.ms i»l*
C 111111(03 31 mill mill I Clll* Id 1IWI III XIJIIIU U HUM CIIU1.I
1MIIC IKJIIV1I IIUIA MllUJ SHI*Id 1IIMIJII XI JillS A III IM Clll*ld
irmis jhvij-s Minii siii*ill iioiiio Kuins J iiiih siiivid
Aunis illVld-II WOMI SIM*Id 1101110 MIJJIIS 1 IIIIN Sill* Id
15*11 VIWII CIWIIIVIIUIl mm iNtl'JHVllKISI
tt S30OJ. II IHII IdO 1VU UJlim JO 04111611
(panunuoD) J O 91qpI
-------
Table 6-1 (continued)
iisiiiig or miirn n*i opium n toxics
taimcAttcMiy win iiiiiiaiiuu n*i* iusi
muia hmh i s«»fri* anion pijuiis from it-ciAm siiov
pi »ii is mum r suiriM ouwit pi aims fnim s pumi siuui
pi*nis huh v sun IK oninit pimiis mint vimr icaiioii smor
pimiis hi in i» mil r f m unioif 1-1*1113 hum (tunic timiiuis
MM SUI'PI 1111111*1 <1111'Jl lllt«U|lll
Sim 110 m ivhiuixiii mmmih
ons
rouuiANi
mr uitin
mmii
rofKtiiiK*
«I'm) •
Ml
cmwQimn
46
090
ciiioflnroBti
49
091
CIIIOROFomt
1705
All
ciiionoronn
494
e»j
cmoRoronii
941
Bill
till Mor MM
itt t
o»s
cmonoruM
1169
1M
cmoflaionn
101
09F
CHIOHOFOHn
<1)0
090
cmoRaroHN
41 IS
099
CMionoionn
,5U0
9D0
ciuMoroHn
4601
901
ciiionaroHit
1790
901
Clll (MOIOMI1
1410
901
CIIIOROFMH
toio
904
CMlOftOFORtl
1104
90S
ciiimoFofih
1400
966
ClllDHOFOOn
601
90 r
CMlOnDI OHM
101
900
Clll OROFORM
541
90«
CH10N0F0RH
400
910
CMIIMOFORM
III
911
Clll MOI DOM
161
fit
ciiionorum
165
oej
POUUTAHT
IIIF Ul( HT
lUtlf
CniKllllR*
1 PI'B |
91 )
[iiinoar orm
Ml
*14
rmoRoronn
1000
915
cmcmoronn
710
POLlUIAIir IMIUR t|| mill a*61|f
IMFIUCHT ft[lOM IliriUtllf
nniiMuh uvu SMinuiiG
I MM silt
IMF
III*
nir
IIIF
nir
IMF
IMF
IMF
IMF
IMF
IIIF
IMF
IIIF
IMF
IMF
IMF
IMF
IMF
IMF
IIIF
IMF
IMF
IMF
IMF
9*MPMIK
OAK
06/61/80
06/01/00
06/04/00
06/05/00
06/0t/ao
06/10/00
06/11/00
06/|t/00
06/14/00
06/1?/ao
06/10/00
06/19/00
06/11/00
06/(^/00
06/t1/00
06/(6/00
06/10/00
07/01/00
•r/ot/oo
07/01/00
•r/oF/oo
or/oa/oo
or/of/ao
o?/io/eo
(FFtlKIII
CUCtlllRAIIOII
O'IDI
10
11
If
15
tt
si
4t
<0
60
14
14
16
(FFiiitirr ariOH
ItlHIMItt UVU
I III I
It)
10
Id
la
•ci
ID
in
ID
10
10
IFF
airtp
911
1
I
(
1
i
<
1
(
i
(
1
(
i
1
1
1
(
1
(
1
i
(
I
I
IM»
IMO
Hlli
UVI
IP
II
01
0
0
0
0
0
POLlUTWrr IM«IR «t| PIMIf .(611V
IIIFIUIIIT 01 LOW
MINIMUM LIVIL
<1111
IMFlUlin
SAMPUIU
sire
IIIF
IIIF
IIIF
SAiminn
0*11
01/14/;*
OI/IF/M
oi/io/n
(FriutHr
COIKdIIRAIIOM
• PI'OI
(6
II
tFFlUIHT BfiOM
HIMIMUH IIVIL
11111
10
IFFlUlin
s«mitta
SHE
IFF
(IF
IIF
MIHIttOI
uvu
iprni
10
10
10
invov mil Mir
"!I'l,.!"'A,,u"»*•»
-------
lable B-l (continued)
iisfim of (onto oat opiinti n To«ics
isuncAncnitr otic i umtAiiuirc daia oasi
PLAIH3 HUH T SUFFIX 0(11011 PIAIIIS fHOII U-I'IAIK Slt/UI
PLAJIIS Mllll f SUFFIX OCIIUIC PIAIIIS FIMIII S-PIA1II SIUU*
PLANIS HITII V SUFFIX 0(11011 PIAIIIS FROM VtlllFICAIIOtl SIUH
puuiis Mini p surrik oiikjii piaiiis mmi nmuc coiiuiiis
AID SUITItnllllAL qtlFSIIinSIAIIIC
son no m roiiiiiAin iahuim
POUUIAHI NUrtHR «tl PlAlir «f69JP
063 POUUIANT INFIUIHT IHFtUCHT 6I10M IIIFIUIHT SAnPllllO (FriUtllT (FFlUllir 6(1 OH (friUdn MINIMUM
HAM COtlCtHntAlIOH MINIMUM iCVCL SAMPLING OAK COilCtlllRATIOH MINIMUM KVCl SAMPLING UVIl
IPPBI I Mil JIK IPWI IIOI SMI IPPBI
*16 aiianoFoftti o j/07/61 to kiia lo
ti? cmonoFonn oi/ii/bi ti kiia io
via cinoROFonrt oi/teai it kiia io
9i 9 ciuoRoronn oj/t7/ei «a kiia io
CP
I
1090V Alii "1090V
-------
muie 0 -z
summary Or »nu»iic*i OAf* to su»om a«i ouiDiitMri
OQCU^CMfATVQM Qf AtlAlVVltli kttMnn
priori7r ""lut/mr "tttoyAt by im«imini srittMS
icoNC(Mtn*iiqn i va/ii
pi
CD
poinum
SA'PHI
SAMOAt|
DAMNUM
LAB
ANAl
MEIHQD
IS
INF
01/16/79
33131
»5
CC
e-7
15
INF
01/IB/19
31131
0
CC
6-1
15
1 if
01/17/79
3.1137
15
CC
g-a
IS
1 If
Ot/ IB/79
33133
15
oc
8-3
1$
I'F
01/10/79
.13(11
in
CC
fl-7
IS
l«F
01/16/79
311 Jl
15
CC
e-j
15
I'F
01/ 17/79
0JI77
4
CCMS
SCRPP
IS
t'F
01/17/79
31137
•
CCMS
scapr
IS
IFT
01/17/79
33)77
•
CC
0*3
15
I'F
01/46/79
31133
15
CC
B-7
POttUIANI i CMlOAOlIIIANC
16
1 SF
01/16/79
.11131
4
CCMS
scbpr
16
1 *F
01/16/79
11131
a
CCVS
SCRPR
16
I IF
01/10/79
31131
15
CC
16
1 IF
01/ 16/79
.11131
15
CC
B-7
16
INF
01/16/79.
3.1131
B
be
V-3
18
1 It
01/17/79
31137
15
CC
•-3
16
I1F
01/16/79
31131
»5
CC
8-3
16
F. 'F
01/16/79
13171
15
CC
8-7
16
t'F
01/ 16/79
31171
15
CC
6-7
16
1 'F
01/17/79
1J1 77
4
CCMS
scrpr
16
t'F
31/17/79
¦11177
a
CCMS
.SCSPR
16
t'F
01/17/79
33139
a
CC
•-3
• 6
t'F
01/16/79
3J133
i»
CC
B-3
PullUfAN! : CHLOROFORM
21
I «P
01/16/79
.13131
4
OCHS
•0
NO
<10
MO
37
NO
<¦0
14
340
NO
<10
NO
<10
NO
NO
40°
II
14
13
NO
NO
330
si>m
300
40
390
77
<10
<~0
<•0
300
JIO
5'CONC
700
So
XMC MPSAM
490
75
100
• 74
119
97
too
4L
es
¦--IS
-------
Table B-3
LI9TIHB OF EDITED STEAM VQtPPER LIMITA1 fWRtf OATA BASE
ISUBCATICMV TOO I
PUNTS Mini T SUFFIX DENOTE PLANTS FROM IE-PLANT STUDT
PLANTS Him P SUFFIX DENOTE PUNTS FROM PUBLIC COtlENTS
AM) SUPPLEMENTAL QUEST lOtttAIRC
SORTED BT POLLUTANT NUTCER
POLLUTANT MIDERatl PUNT'4I5T EFFLUENT SAMPLINS SITE'SSE
OBS
POLLUTANT
HUIE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
IPPBI
INFLUENT BELON INFLUENT
MINIMUM LEVEL 9AMPLINS
IWI SITE
SAMPLING EFFLUENT
OATE CONCENTRATION
IPPBI
146
CHLOROFORM
170000
991
11/19/81
147
CHLOROFORM
340000
931
11/10/61
IM
CHLOROFORM
46000
SSI
IE/01/63
IM
CHLOROFORM
7110
SSI
IE/0E/6S
ISO
CHLOROFORM
S5000
SSI
IE/01/63
ISI
CHLOROFORM
157*98
SSI
IE/06/63
IS!
CHLOROFORM
7*9140
991
IE/05/63
ISI
CHLOROFORM
610000
SSI
lt/06/83
IM
CHLOROFORM
721S60
SSI
IE/07/63
1SS
CHLOROFORM
760990
SSI
IE/06/63
IS6
CHLOROFORM
E3EOOO
991
It/I1/83
157
CHLOROFORM
167000
S3I
lt/IE/63
ISS
CHLOROFORM
IE000
991
If/I1/61
159
CHLOROFORM
1066000
991
IE/16/63
160
CHLOROFORM
600000
39t
IE/IS/63
16
EFFLUENT BELOM
minimum LEVEL
IPPBI
Ml
ND
ID
ND
HQ
NO
Ml
to
ND
to
to
t«
to
EFFLUENT
SAMPLING
SUE
S3E
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
SSE
10
minimum
LEVEL
IPPBI
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
POLLUTANT NUHBER-E3 PUNT>9I3P EFFLUENT SAMPLING SITE'ECSB
0B9
POLLUTANT
INFLUENT
INFLUENT BELOM INFLUENT
SAMPLINO
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT BELOM
EFFLUENT
MINIMUM
NAME
CONCENTRATION
MINIMUM LEVEL 9AMPLINB
OATE
CONCENTRATION
MINIMUM LEVEL
SAMPLING
LEVEL
IPPBI
IMM SITE
IPPBI
IPPBI
SITE
IPPBI
161
CHLOROFORM
06/12/65
43
ECSB
10
16E
CHLOROFORM
06/13/69
II
ECSB
10
161
CHLOROFORM
06/14/65
ND
ECSB
10
166
CHLOROFORM
61300
1CSAB
06/19/85
156
ECSB
10
165
CHLOROFORM
/
06/20/65
II
ECSB
10
166
CHLOROFORM
•
06/E9/65
166
ECSB
10
167
CHLOROFORM
«
06/30/65
E09
ECSB
10
166
CHLOROFORM
•
09/16/85
E90
ECSB
10
169
CHLOROFORM
09/17/65
66
ECSB
10
170
CHLOROFORM
loipoo
ICSAB
09/16/65
92
ECSB
10
171
CHLOROFORM
09/19/65
91
ECSB
10
17 E
CHLOROFORM
•9/20/65
E69
ECSB
10
171
CHLOROFORM
09/25/65
181
EC5B
10
174
CHLOROFORM
10/09/65
190
ECSB
10
-------
APPENDIX C
Performance Oata Base: From the
Incineration of K019 Waste for Treated
Nonwastewater (Ash)
-------
Table C-l
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #1
Untreated Waste Treated Waste
K019 RCRA Blend" Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
Detected BDAT List mg/kg og/lcg mg/kg
Organic Constituents (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
aMBiawaB mmrnmimmaammm
VOLATILES
4. Sen2ene <2,000 2,000 <2
7. Carbon tetrachloride 4,000 <8 <2
9. Chlorobenzene 3,000 <8 <2
11. Chloroform 4,600 <8 <2
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane 2,200 <8 <2
23- 1,2-Dichloroethane 93,000 <8 <2
3«. Methyl ethyl ketone <1,000 940 <10
38. Methylene chloride <1,000 910 <10
42. Tetrachloroethene 7,300 490 <2
43. Toluene <200 2,300 <2
45. 1,1,1-Triehloroethane 81,000 130 <2
47. Trichloroethene 3,210 360 <2
215-217. Xylene (total) <200 3,400 <2
222. Acetone <1,000 1,200 <10
226. Ethyl ben2ene <200 2,200 <2
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone <1,000 1,100 <10
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chryaene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichloroben2ene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
<10 150 <2
<10 110 <2
<10 67 <2
280 <20 <2
<10 40 <2
SNA 28 <2
<10 250 <2
81 32 <2
<10 31 . <2
<10 120 <2
20 53 <2
69 <100 <10
-------
Table C-l (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED B5f EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #1 (Continued)
Untreated Waste Treated Waste
JC019 RCHA Blend* Kiln Ash Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration TCLP
Detected BDAT List Bg/kg ag/icg mg/kg tng/L
Organic Constituents (ppa) (pop) (ppa) (pan)
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene <50 210 <10
113. Hexacftloroethane 120 <100 <10
121. Naphthalene 170 <20 <2
126. Nitrobenzene <25 3»100 <5
136. Pentachloroben2ene 6lt <100 <10
141. Phenanthrene 21 2QO- <2
142. Phenol <10 78 <2
1US. Pyrene <10 200 <2
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorotoen2ene 76 <50 <5
150. 1,2, 4-Tr ichlorobeazene 100 <50 <5
Detected BDAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
15«. Antimony <6.0 21 8.0 <0.060
155. Arsenic 1.2 9^ 3-6 <0.002
156. Barium 0.97 1.3 26 0.033
158. Cadmium 0.63 <0.3 0.66 <0.003
159. Chromium 4.0 40 44 0.200
160. Copper 2.1 165 2,370 2.690
161. Lead 3.« 27 120 0.380
163. Nickel 3.0 8.8 66 0.680
165. Silver <0.9 <0.9 3.3 <0.009
167. Vanadium <2.0 2.2 4.1 <0.020
168. Zinc 5.8 4,170 12 0.052
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide <0.5 0.9 <0.47
170. Fluoride <5.0 31 38
171. Sulfide 790 830 68
"Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
-------
Table C-l (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #1 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Teaperature (°F)*
Kiln Solids Residence Tine (ain)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)*
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Design
Operating Value
1825-1900
120
K019: 13.1
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #1: 3.9-5.5
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #2: 4.4-9.7
0.19-0.21
~Strip charts for this paraneter are included in Appendix C.
•This information has been clained as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
C-4
-------
Table C-2
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #2
Uncreated Waste Treated Waste
KOI9 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
Detected BDAT List og/lcg ag/kg Bg/kg
Organic Constituents (ppa) (ppa) (ppa)
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
<2,000
2,000
<2
7. Carbon tetrachloride
3,800
<8
<2
9. Chlorobenzene
<2,000
<8
<2
14. Chloroform
5,800
<8
<2
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
<2,000
<8
<2
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
96,000
<8
<2
3V. Methyl ethyl ketone
<10,000
940
<10
38. Methylene chloride
<10,000
910
<10
42. Tetrachloroethene
6,700
490
<2
43. Toluene
<2r000
2,300
<2
15. 1,1,1-Triefaloroethane
33,000
130
<2
47. Trichloroethene
2,400
360
<2
215-217. Xylene (total)
<2,000
3,400
<2
222. Acetone
<10,000
1,200
<10
226. Ethyl ben2ene
<2,000
2,200
<2
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
<10,000
1,100
<10
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
<10
150
<2
57. Anthracene
<10
110
<2
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
<10
67
<2
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
280
<20
<2
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
<10
40
<2
SO. Chrysene
SNA
28
<2
87. o-Dichloroben2ene
<10
250
<2
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
74
32
<2
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
<10
31
<2
108. Fluoranthene
<10
120
<2
109. Fluorene
16
53
<2
110. Hexachlorobenzene
60
<100
<10
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The cots pound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
-------
Table C-2 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR ICO19
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #2 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BDAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113- Herachioroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentaehloroberi2ene
141. Phenanthrene
.142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichiorobenzene
Detected BDAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
KOI9 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
ag/kg
(ppa)
<50
85
314
<25
51
15
<10
<10
62
65
ag/kg
(ppa)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
T8
200
<50
<50
(ppa)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
Kiln Ash
TCLP
ag/L
-------
Table C-2 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET 12 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Design
Kiln Temperature (°F)+
Kiln Solids Residence Time (Bin)
Waste Feed Rate (KKBTU/hr)»
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Operating Value
1800-1880
120
K019: 12.2
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #1: 5-2-5.5
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #2:1.tt-9.7
0.19-0.21
~Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
•This information has been claiaed as RC8A Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this ruleoakiog.
C-7
-------
Table C-3
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #3
Untreated Waste Treated Waste
KOI9 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
Detected 8DAT List ag/kg mg/lcg ng/kg
Organic Constituents (dob) (poo) (ppa)
VOLATILES
<1. Benzene <2,000 2,000 <2
7. Carbon tetrachloride 3*500 <8 <2
9. Chlorobenzene <2,000 <8 <2
14. Chloroform 5,000 <8 <2
22. 1,1-Diehloroe thane <2,000 <8 <2
23- 1,2-Dichloroethane 87,000 <8 <2
34. Methyl ethyl ketone <10,000 940 <10
38. Methylene chloride <10,000 910 <10
42. Tetrachloroetheoe 6,000 490 <2
43. Toluene <2,000 2,300 <2
45. 1,1,1 -Trichloroethane 34,000 130 <2
47. Trichloroethene 2,200 360 <2
215-217. Xylene (total) <2,000 3,400 <2
222. Acetone <10,000 1,200 <10
226. Ethyl benzene <2,000 2,200 <2
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone <10,000 I,100 <10
SEHIVOLATILES
•*
51. Acenaphthalene
<10
150
<2
57. Anthracene
<10
110
<2
65. Ben2o(k)fluoranthene
<10
67
<2
68. Sis(2-chloroethyl} ether
290
<20
<2
70. Bls(2-ethylhexyl} phthalate
<10
40
<2
80. Chrysene
SNA
28
<2
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
<10
250
<2
88. p~Dichlorobenzene
80
32
<2
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
<10
31
<2
108. Fluoranthene
<10
120
<2
109. Fluorene
19
" 53
<2
110. Hexachloroben2ene
73
<100
<10
SNA A standard is not available; the coopound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The coopound was not detected.
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
saaple set.
C-8
-------
Table C-3 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #3 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
12!. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentacfalorobenzene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BDAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
KOI9 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
mg/kg
<50
95
350
<25
59
11
<10
<10
67
70
og/kg
(ppm)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
mg/kg
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
5
<5
Kiln Ash
TCLP
mg/L
(ppb)
HETALS
154. Ant loony
155. Arsenic
156. Bariuza
158. Cadaiua
159. Chrooiua
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadiua
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
'69. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.53
3.5
1.7
3.4
2.3
<0.9
<2.0
4.4
<0.5
<5.0
NA
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
9.2
5.7
54
3.6
202
2,290
118
169
1.9
6.0
16
CO.47
6.1
64
<0.060
<0.002
0.057
0.005
0.260
7.030
0.620
0.960
<0.009
<0.020
0.170
NA = Not Analyzed.
• Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
C-9
-------
Table C-3 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #3 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Teoperature (°F)*
Kiln Solids Residence Tiae (ain)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBTU/hr)»
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Design
¦
Operating Value
1850-1900
120
K019: 12.4
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #1: 5.2-5.8
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner *2: <1.4-8.4
0.19-0.21
~Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
•This information has been clalined as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Adainistrative Record for this rulemaking.
C-10
-------
Table C-4
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #4
Untreated Waste
Detected BDAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9. Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. tf1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachioroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Zyleae (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEHIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphthalene
57. Anthracene
65. Beazo(k)fluorantheae
68. Bis(2«ehloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichloroben2ene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
. KOI9
Concentration
ng/kg
(ppa)
<2,000
3,900
<2,000
5,300
<2,000
122,000
<10,000
<10,000
7,200
<2,000
44,000
2,300
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
<10
<10
<10
310
<10
SNA
<10
84
<10
<10
21
61
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
ng/kg
(ppa)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
ag/kg
(ppo)
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<10
<10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<10
<2
<10
<2
<2
<2
<2
12
<2
<2
<2
230
<2
<2
<10
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
*0nly one sasple of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
saaple set.
C-ll
-------
Table C-4 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED Br EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #4 (Continued)
¦Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
KOI9 RCRA Blend" Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobeo2ene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenanthreae
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloroben2ene
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobcnzene
Detected BDAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barits
153. Cadmium
159- Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
163. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
NA = Not Analyzed.
®8/*g
(PP«)
<50
94
360
<25
64
19
<10
<10
82
74
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
<0.3
1.8
<1.0
2.4
2.2
<0.9
<2.0
9.4
<0.5
<5.0
NA
* Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken,
sample set.
C-12
ng/kg
(ppb)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
mg/kg
(ppp)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
<6.0
5-7
8.4
<0.3
28
1,270
25
69
2.6
<2.0
11
<0.47
3-2
<50
Kiln Ash
TCLP
mg/L
(ppa)
<0.060
<0.002
0.036
0.005
0.110
1.940
0.320
0.870
<0.009
<0.020
0.056
The results are repeated in each
-------
Table C-4 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #4 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Tenperature (°F)f
Kiln Solids Residence Tiae (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MKBTU/hr)»
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Design
Operating Value
1775-1900
120
K019: 12.7
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #1: 5.2-5.8
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #2: 4.4-7.3
0.19-0.21
~ Strip charts for this paraaeter are included is Appendix C.
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The infonaation is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this ruleaaking.
C-I3
-------
Table C-5
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
' SAMPLE SET #5
Detected BOAT List
Organic Constituents
7.
9.
14.
22.
23.
Wir flTTT pg
4. Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
1.1-Dichloroethane
1.2-Dichloroeehane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,t-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl beezene
229- Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51. Acenaphth&lene
57. Anthracene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl} ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl} phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fiuorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
SNA A standard is not available;
Untreated Waste
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
KOI 9
Concentration
. ng/lcg Bg/kg
(poo) (ppg)
<2,000 2,000
4,000 <8
<2,000 <8
6,000 <8
<2,000 <8
130,000 <8
<10,000 940
<10,000 910
7,800 490
<2,000 2,300
45,000 130
2,500 360
<2,000 3,400
<10,000 1,200
<2,000 2,200
<10,000 1,100
<10 150
<10 110
<10 67
3W <20
<10 40
SNA 28
<10 250
90 32
<10 31
<10 120
19 53
87 <100
the compound uas searched using an
NBS
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
Big/leg
(pea)
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<10
<10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<10
<2
<10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<10
Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste uas taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
C-14
-------
Table C-5 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #5 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
KOI9 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
Detected BDAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Herachlorobutadiene
113- Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
ill. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4 ,5-Tetrachlorobenxene
ISO. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Detected BDAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
METALS
154. Ant irony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chroniun
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167- Vanadiua
168. Zinc
INORGANICS
169. Total Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
ag/kg
(PPffl)
<50
113
371
<25
63
19
<10
<10
73
72
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.36
3-2
2.1
2.5
4.8
<0.9
<2.0
4.7
<0.5
<5-0
NA
ng/fcg
(ppm)
210
<100
<20
3.400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
4,170
0.9
31
830
ng/kg
jgpp.)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
9.1
3.9
21
1.2
125
2,780
86
166
3.3
5.7
22
<0.47
23
6tt
Kiln Ash
TCLP
mg/L
l&ESl
<0.060
<0.002
0.054
0.006
0.210
2.140
0.290
1.270
<0.009
<0.020
0.086
NA : Not Analyzed.
•Only one saaple of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
C-15
-------
Table C-5 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #5 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATINC PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiln Teaperature (°F}+
Kiln Solids Residence Tioe (ain)
Waste Feed Rate (HMBTU/hr)*
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Design
Operating Value
1775-*800
120
K019: 11.7
RCRA Blend.
Waste Burner #1: 5.5-6.0
RCRA Blend,
Haste Burner #2: 5.2-9.7
0.19-0.21
~Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
This inforaation has been claiaed as BC8A Confidential Business Information.
The inforaation is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
C-16
-------
Table C-6
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K019
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6
Untreated Waste
Detected BDAT List
Organic Constituents
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
7. Carbon tetrachloride
9- Chlorobenzene
14. Chloroform
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trlchloroethane
47. Trichloroethene
215-217. Xylene (total)
222. Acetone
226. Ethyl benzene
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
SEMIVOLATILES
51• Acenapthalene
57. Anthracene
65- Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis{2-chloroethyl) ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
no. Hexachlorobenzene
K019
Concentration
ag/kg
(ppn)
<2,000
4,100
<2,000
5,600
<2,000
98,000
<10,000
<10,000
6,900
<2,000
44,000
2,500
<2,000
<10,000
<2,000
<10,000
<10
<10
<10
330
<10
SNA
<10
90
<10
<10
22
66
RCRA Blend*
Concentration
nig/kg
(PPffl)
2,000
<8
<8
<8
<8
<8
940
910
490
2,300
130
360
3,400
1,200
2,200
1,100
150
110
67
<20
40
28
250
32
31
120
53
<100
Treated Waste
Kiln Ash
Concentration
og/kg
(ppn)
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<10
<10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<10
<2
<10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<10
SNA A standard is not available; the compound was searched using an NBS Library data-
base of 42,000 compounds. The compound was not detected.
• Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken. The results are repeated in each
sample set.
C-17
-------
Table C-6 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KO19
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
Untreated Waste
Treated Waste
K019 RCRA Blend* Kiln Ash
Concentration Concentration Concentration
Detected 3DAT List
Organic Constituents
SEMIVOLATILES (Continued)
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113- Hexachloroethane
121. Naphthalene
126. Nitrobenzene
136. Pentachlorobenzene
141. Phenan threne
142. Phenol
145. Pyrene
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
150. 1,2,4-Trichioro«n2ene
mg/lcg
(ppm)
<50
88
390
<25
65
17.
<10
<10
86
79
mg/kg
(ppn)
210
<100
<20
3,400
<100
240
78
200
<50
<50
mg/kg
(ppa)
<10
<10
<2
<5
<10
<2
<2
<2
<5
<5
Kiln Ash
TCLP
mg/L
(ppm)
Detected BOAT List Metal
and Inorganic Constituents
KETALS
154. Antimony
155- Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159- Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
165. Silver
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
<6.0
<0.2
<0.9
0.62
5.3
3-6
3.5
6.0
<0.9
<2.0
8.4
24
94
1.3
<0.3
40
165
27
8.8
<0.9
2.2
n, 170
9.6
2.3
11
2.2
141
2,520
34
288
3.1
8.7
13
< 0.06
<0.002
0.027
0.006
0.092
2.400
0.270
0.690
(0.009
<0.020
0.061
INORGANICS
169. Totai Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
<0.5
<5.0
NA
0.9
31
830
<0.47
4.7
92
NA = Not Analyzed.
•Only one sample of RCRA Blend waste was taken,
sample set.
The results are repeated in each
C-18
-------
Table C-6 (continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR KOI9
PLANT A - ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
SAMPLE SET #6 (Continued)
DESIGN AND OPERATING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Kiin Temperature (°F)*
Kiln Solids Residence Time (min)
Waste Feed Rate (MMBT(J/hr}*
Kiln Rotational Speed (RPM)
Design
Operating Value
«
k'
1775-1850
120
KOI9: 11.5
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #1: 5.2-5.8
RCRA Blend,
Waste Burner #2: 5.2-9-7
0.19-0.21
~Strip charts for this parameter are included in Appendix C.
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
C -19
-------
Table C-7
HATniX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASM RESIDUE
Sample Reault Duplicate Sample Result
Original Amount Amount Percent" Amount Amount Percent"
Amount Found Spiked Recovered Recovery Spiked Recovered Recovery
Spike Constituent (PPb) (ppb) (PPb) (%) (PPb) (ppb) %
VOLATILES
ll.
Uenzene
<2
25
22.6
90
25
21.2
05
7.
Carbon Tetrachloride
HI
9.
Chlorobenzene
<2
25
21.8
99
25
25
100
I'l.
Chloroform
MM
•
22.
1, l-Dlchloroethane
• •
23.
1,2-Dlchloroethane
¦ ¦ '
•
•
21.
1, l-Dlchloroethylene
<2
25
21.2
05
25
19.1
78
•12.
Tetrachloroethene
• N
'13.
Toluene
• •
¦
'15.
1,1,1-Trlchloroethane
¦ ¦
¦Percent recovery = 100 x (C| - C0)/Ct, where Cj s amount recovered, CQ = original amount found, anrl
C^ = amount spiked.
¦¦No matrix spike was performed for this constituent. The percent recovery for this constituent Is based on
the lower average percent recovery of the volatile constituents. The lower average percent recovery Is
9>l% from the duplicate sample result.
\
-------
Table C-8
CORRECTED TOTAL CONCENTRATION DATA
FOR ORG AN ICS IN ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR ASH FROM TREATMENT OF KOI 9
Corrected Concentrations**
in the Treated Waste, ooa
Constituent*
1
2
3
4
5
6
Volatiles
9. Chlorobenzene
2.02
2.02
2.02
2.02
2.02
2.02
14. Chloroform
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
23- 1,2-Dichloroethane
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
42. Tetrachloroethene
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
Semivolatiles
68. Bis(2-ctiloroethyl)ether
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
110. Hexachlorobenzene
10
10
10
10
10
10
113- Hexachloroe thane
10
10
10
10
10
10
121. Naphthalene
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
136. Pentachlorobenzene
10
10
10
10
10
10
141. Phenanthrene
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
148. 1,2,415-Tetrachlorobenzene 5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5". 00
5.00
150. 1,2,4-Trichloroben2ene
6.67
6.67
6.67
6.67
6.67
6.67
•Constituents present in untreated K019.
••Constituent concentrations have been adjusted to account for analytical
recoveries ("corrected") as discussed in Section 5.0.
C-21
------- |