FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR WASTES FROM THE PRODUCTION OF
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
F024
James R. Berlow, Chief
Waste Treatment Branch
Jerry Vortrach
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
May 1989
-------
PB89-221501
technc_o;v (bdap bac> 6F;ound cdcupent cof:
:: "c ^ ^D'jrio'.' dp chikinhtd aliphatic f^o^dns -
::n-i
z. Pe--3'"r:i^ Ctcst; cation Rept. No
EE=:_DW ''.'DPrAI* 'D5W
5. se,'tcic;r3 0"3sn::at;on tes and fisdress
L:i. EPA
3*-i:s S:i:d ™s:?
iCl M. Strsst S*
K£srirsTy.. ZZ 2:?4t/
10. Project;las;,/Kacl Unit No.
21. Contract*-!/ or Brant ibi Nc.
- DDCU. - HP l-=:
;i. r.jpis-c-r:". l-.=-.es
nor"
"!¦:£ car.srcur-frr s'-avidss the Aqer-y s -atsonale and technical suoccrt
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION i-i
2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-1
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-6
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Group 2-6
3.0 APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-1
3-2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-4
3.2.1 Nonwastewaters 3-4
3.2.2 Wastewaters 3-5
4.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA BASE 4-1
5.0 IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY (BDAT) 5-1
5.1 Review of Treatment Performance Data 5-2
5.2 Accuracy Correction of Treatment Performance Data ... 5-3
5.2.1 Nonwastewaters 5-4
5-2.2 Wastewaters 5-8
5.3 Statistical Comparison of Treatment Performance Data. 5-11
5.4 Available Treatment Technologies 5-11
5.5 BDAT for FQ24 5-12
6,0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 6-1
6.1 BDAT List Constituents Deleted from
Consideration for Regulation 6-3
6.2 Selection of BDAT List Constituents for Regulation .. 6-6
6.2.1 Nonwastewaters 6-6
6.2.2 Wastewaters 6-9
7.0 CALCULATION OF BDAT THEATMENT STANDARDS 7-1
7.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater
Forms of F024 7-3
7.1.1 BDAT List Organics 7-3
7.1.2 BDAT Li3t Metals 7-10
7.1.3 BDAT List Dioxins and Furans 7-10
i-o_
-------
TA8LE OF CONTENTS
Sect ion Page
1.2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Wastewater
Forms of FQ2iJ 7- ' '
7.2.1 BDAT List Organics 7-'!
7.2.2 BDAT List Metals 7-15
7.2.3 BDAT List Dioxins and Furans 7-16
8.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8-1
9.0 REFERENCES 9-1
APPENDIX A - ANALYTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY
CONTROL A -1
APPENDIX B - PLANT CODES B-1
APPENDIX C - WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE . C-1
ii
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Pag?
2-1 FACILITIES THAT MAY GENERATE F024, BY STATE AND
EPA REGION 2-2
2-2 SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR F024 2-8
4-1 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR F024
FROM PLANTS A, B, C. AND D, AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION 4-3
4-2 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FROM ROTARY
KILN INCINERATION OF F024 FROM PLANTS A, B, C, AND D
KILN ASH RESIDUAL 4-6
1-3 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FROM ROTARY
KILN INCINERATION OF F024 FROM PLANTS A, B, C, AND D
SCRUBBER WATER RESIDUAL 4^7
4-4 DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE ROTARY KILN AND
SECONDARY COMSUSTOR
4-5 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K062 WASTE
MIXTURE: PLANT Z - CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION FOLLOWED-BY VACUUM
FILTRATION 4-9
5-1 BDAT LIST CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS IN KILN ASH RESIDUE,
CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY ' 5-6
5-2 BDAT LIST CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS IN SCRUBBER WATER,
CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY 5-9
6-1 STATUS OF BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS IN UNTREATED F024 6-12
6-2 BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION
IN F024 NONWASTEWATERS AFTER INITIAL SCREENING 6-20
6-3 BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN
F024 WASTEWATERS AFTER INITIAL SCREENING 6-22
6-4 BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
IN F024 NONWASTEWATERS 6-24
ill
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Pase
6-5 CONTROL OF CONSTITUENTS DELETED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERA-
TION FOR REGULATION BY CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR
REGULATION IN F024 NONWfiSTEWATERS 6-25
6-6 BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
IN F024 WASTEWATERS 6-27
6-7 CONTROL OF CONSTITUENTS DELETED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERA-
TION FOR REGULATION BY CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR
REGULATION IN F024 WASTEWATERS 6-28
7-1 CORRECTED CONCENTRATION DATA FOR ORGANICS CONSTITUENTS
IN ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR ASH FROM TREATMENT OF F024 7-4
7-2 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F024
NONWASTEWATERS 7-5
7-3 CORRECTED CONCENTRATION DATA FOR ORGANICS AND METALS
IN COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER WATER FROM TREATMENT QF F024 .. 7-12
7-4 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR FO^
WASTEWATERS 7-13
iv
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
F igure
2-1 GENERIC FLOW DIAGRAM FOR PROCESSES GENERATING F024 2-4
v
-------
INTRODUCTION
In accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRft) of *976, enacted in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments (HSWA) of November 8, 19S4, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
establishing best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) treatment standards
for the listed waste identified in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations.
Section 261.3' (40 CFR 26'.31) as F024, wastes from the production of chlori-
nated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Compliance with these BDAT treatment standards
is a prerequisite under 40 CFR Part 268 for placement of the waste in units
designated as land disposal units. The BDAT treatment standards are effective
as of June 8, 1989.
This background document provides the Agency's rationale and tecnni-
cal support for selecting the constituents to be regulated in F024 and for
developing treatment standards for these constituents. The document also
provides waste characterization data that serve as a basis for determining
whether a variance from a treatment standard may be warranted for a particular
type of F024 that is more difficult to treat than the wastes that were ana-
lyzed in developing treatment standards for F024.
The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for estab-
lishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting
a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology
for Developing BDAT Treatment Standards (Reference 1).
1-1
-------
This background document presents waste-specific informa: ;on on :r.e
numbers and locations of facilities that may be affected by the iar.d disposal
restrictions for F024; the waste-generating processes; the waste cr.araczer.za-
tion data; the technologies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes, if
any); and the treatment performance data on which the treatment standards are
based (Sections 2.0-M.Q). This document also explains how EPA determines
BDAT, selects constituents to be regulated, and calculates treatment standards
(Sections 5.0-7.0).
Under 40 CFR 261.31, wastes identified as F024 are listed as fol-
lows :
F024 - Wastes, including but not limited to, distillation residues,
heavy ends, tars, and reactor clean-out wastes from the production
of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, having carbon content from
one to five, utilizing free radical catalyzed processes. (This
listing does not include light ends, spent filters and filter aids,
spent desiccants, wastewater, wastewater treatment sludges, spent
catalysts, and wastes li3ted in 40 CFR 261.32.)
The Agency estimates that there are 29 domestic facilities that may generate
F02U.
For both F024 nonwastewaters and wastewaters, the BDAT treatment
standards for organic constituents are based on treatment performance data
from rotary kiln incineration of F024. The BDAT treatment standards for metal
constituents in F024 wastewaters are based on a transfer of treatment
performance data from chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration
treatment of K062 mixed with metal-bearing characteristic wastes.
1-2
-------
The Agency is regulating nine organic constituer.es and five cicx.ns
and furans in F024 nonwastewaters and nine organic constituents, two metal
constituents, and five dicxins and furans in FQ24 wastewaters. The Agency is
reserving treatment standards for metal constituents in F024 nonwastewaters.
Due to the wide variation in the types of F024 generated by industry, a large
number of constituents were selected for regulation to ensure that the differ-
ent hazardous constituents that may be present in FQ24 are controlled. To
determine the applicability of the treatment standards, wastewaters for F02U
are defined as wastes containing less than \% (weight basi3) total suspended
solids1 and less than IS (weight basis) total organic carbon (TOO). Wastes
not meeting this definition are classified as nonwastewaters and must comply
with the nonwastewater treatment standards.
The Agency has recently completed an analysis of TCLP extracts
obtained from the stabilization of F024 incinerator ash residues. The results
of this analysis show substantial reduction of metals in TCLP extracts follow-
ing stabilization. Therefore, the Agency has decided to reserve the final
The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously
used terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids." Specifically,
total suspended solids is neasured by Method 2Q9C (total suspended solids
dried at 103-103°C) in Standard Methods for the Exanination of Water and
Wastewater Sixteenth Edition (Reference 36).
1-3
-------
treatment standards for metals in FQ24 nonwastewaters in the Second Thirds
promulgated rule. The Agency will instead propose revised treatment starsdarcs
for metals in F024 nonwastewaters based on the F024 stabilization results as
part of the Third Third proposed rule so that sufficient tine is provided for
notice and comment on these revisions.
The BDAT treatment standards for dioxin and furan constituents in
both F024 nonwastewaters and wastewaters are set at the analytical detection
limit that can be routinely achieved for these constituents, consistent with
the dioxins rule promulgated by the Agency on November 8, 1986 (51 Federal
Register 40572, 40638).
The tables following this section list tfc-e specific BDAT treatment
standards for F024 nonwastewaters and wastewaters. The treatment standards
reflect the total concentration of each organic constituent regulated in F024
nonwastewaters and the total concentration of each organic and metal constit-
uent regulated in F024 wastewaters. Any future treatment standards for metal
constituents in nonwastewaters will be based on analysis of leachate obtained
by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) described in Appendix
I of 40 CFR Part 268. The units used for total constituent concentration are
mg/kg (parts per million on a weight-by-weight basis) for nonwastewaters and
mg/1 (parts per million on a weight-by-volume basis) for wastewaters. The
units used for leachate analysis of nonwastewater are mg/1 (parts per million
on a weight-by-volume basis). If the concentrations of the regulated
1-4
-------
constituents in FQ24, as generated, are lower thar. or equal to the creatrrer..
standards, then treatment of F02t is not required prior to land exposal.
1-5
-------
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F024
M C KW ASTEWhTERS
Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
8DAT
List Constituent
(nw/kR)
10.
2-Chloro-1,3-butad ier.e
0.28
16.
3-Chloropropene
0.28
22.
1,1-Dichloroethane
0.014
23-
1,2-Dichloroethane
0.014
26.
1,2-Dichloropropane
0.014
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.014
28.
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.014
70.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phchalate
1.8
113.
Hexachioroethane
1.8
207.
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
0.001
208.
Hexachlorodibenzofurana
0.001
209.
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
0.001
210.
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
0.001
212.
Tetrachlorodibenzofurana
0.001
TCLP Leachate
Concentration (mR/1)
159.
Chromium (total)
Reserved
163.
Nickel
Reserved
T-6
-------
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F02U
WASTEWATERS
Maximum for Any Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
BDAT List Constituent (mg/1)
10.
2-Chloro-i,3-butadiene
0.28
16.
3-Chloroprapene
0.28
22.
1,1-Dichloroethane
0.01K
23.
',2-Diehloroethane
0.014
26.
1,2-Dichloropropane
0.01U
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.014
28.
cis-1,3-Diohloropropene
0.014
70.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
0.036
113.
Hexachloroethane
0.036
207.
Hexachlorod ibenzo-p-d iox ins
0.001
208.
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
0.001
209.
Pentachlarodibenzo-p-dioxins
0.001
210.
Pentachiorodibenzofurana
0.001
212.
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
0.001
159-
Chromium (total)
0.35
163.
Nickel
0.47
1-7
-------
2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
This section describes the industry affected by the land disposal
restrictions for F02^ and presents available characterization data for this
waste.
Under HO CFR 261.31 (hazardous wastes from non-specific sources),
wastes identified as FQ24 are listed as follows:
Wastes, including but not limited to, distillation residues, heavy
ends, tars, and reactor clean-out wastes from the production of
chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, having carbon content from one
to five, utilizing free radical catalyzed processes. (This listing
does not include light ends, spent filters and filter aids, spent
desiccants, wastewater, wastewater treatment sludges, spent cata-
lysts, and wastes listed in 40 CFR 261.32.)
2,1 Industry Affected and Process Description
As defined in UO CFR 261.31, F02^ is waste specifically generated
from the production of C^-Cg chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by free
radical catalyzed processes. The Agency estimates that there are 29 domestic
facilities that may generate F024. Table 2-1 lists the number of facilities
by state and EPA region. These facilities were identified using the 1987
Stanford Research Institute Directory of Chemical Producers (Reference Z) for
major C^-Cg chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons as well as plant reports
prepared for EPA's Characterization and Assessment Division (References 3-1^).
2-1
-------
Table 2-1
FACILITIES THAT MA? GENERATE F024, BY STATE AMD EPA REGION
State (EPA Region)
Alabama (IV)
California (IX)
Illinois (V)
Kansas (VII)
Kentucky (IV)
Louisiana (VI)
Maryland (HI)
Michigan (V)
South Carolina (IV)
Tennessee (IV)
Texas (VI)
West Virginia (III)
Number of Facilities
1
2
10
1
1
1
1
7
2
Total: 29
EPA Region Number of Facilities
I 0
II 0
III 3
rv 5
V 2
VI 17
VII 1
VIII 0
IX 1
X 0
Total: 29
2-2
-------
The chemicals used in chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon narufac:jr-
ing consist of chlorocarbor. or hydrocarbon feedstocks and chlorine sources
(CI2 or HC1). The majority of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon manufacturing
is based on five general chemical processes, as follows:
(1) Free radical initiated addition, substitution, and pyrolysis
reactions;
(2) Lewis acid catalyzed addition and substitution reactions;
(3) Oxychlorination;
(4) Base catalyzed dehydrochlorination; and
(5) Zinc chloride catalyzed chlorination of alcohols.
Several of these processes nay be integrated within a facility to convert the
feedstock into a variety of desirable products. F02U may be generated when
free radical catalyzed processes are either utilizes solely or are combined
with other reaction processes. A generic process diagram of the production of
chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (F024) is presented in Figure 2-1.
As shown in Figure 2-1, an organic feedstock is fed, along with a
chlorine source, into a series of chlorination reactors. Desired chemical
conversions are catalyzed in the reactor by heat, by a combination of heat and
ultraviolet radiation, or by catalysis chemicals (such as FeCl3, CuClg, InCl2,
or NaOH); at least one such conversion must be catalyzed by free radicals for
a generated waste to be considered F02U. These reactions may be conducted in
either the gas or the liquid phase. F024 is generated by these processes as
reactor residues, tars, and periodic clean-out wastes.
2-3
-------
HCI
By-product
Vanl
Cot
K>
I
Spent Scmblxf Molar
lo treatment
Caustic, Ammonia,
and/or Sulfuiic
Acid Solution*
UmmcM Fitdtlock
CMorocaitaii
Chlorinated Aliphatic
Hydrocarbon Product(a)
Reactor RnMum.
Ctaonout WmIm,
and fan
(roi«>
Is freetment
and/or
Oiapoial
Nol included in Iha F024 Mating definition.
Figure 2-
1.
Generic f low Diagram for Processes Generating YG'24
-------
The reaction product is then sent to a filtration jr.it wr.ere sze-.z
catalysts, if any, are removed for recycle or treatment. Spent catalysts are
not included in the F024 listing definition.
The remaining product undergoes a separation step in which it is
quenched or cooled with water and/or distilled. This step separates the unre-
acted feedstock from the crude product and helps prevent product decompo-
sition. The unreacted feedstock is then recycled back to the reactors.
Hydrochloric acid is usually a major co-product from the reactor and i3
typically recovered from the vent gases generated by both the reactor and the
quenching/cooling step.
The crude product streams are then genera-_y put through a series of
washing, neutralization, and drying steps, which aid in separating the organic
phase (product) from the aqueous phase. The spent wash solutions generated in
these steps, along with the wastewater generated by HC1 recovery, are then
recycled or treated, resulting in treated wastewater and various wastewater
treatment sludges. This wastewater and the wastewater treatment sludges are
not included in the F024 listing definition.
Finally, the product stream goes through a series of purification
and separation steps, using fractional distillation and filtration techniques.
The distillation residues or heavy ends resulting from these steps are
included in the F024 listing definition. The light ends resulting from these
steps are not included in the F02U listing definition.
2-5
-------
2.2
idaste Characterization
Table 2-2 presents a summary of the available characterization data
for F024. Data are presented for all BDAT List constituents that were
detected in one or more F024 samples. The summary in Table 2-2 was compiled
from data submitted by industry and from data collected by EPA for a wide
range of F02U waste matrices. These data include wastes generated from
various C1-C5 manufacturing processes and include a wide range of physical
forms (i.e., liquids, solids, and sludges). Specific data for 11 of the 16
facilities represented in this table have been claimed RCRA Confidential
Business Information (CBI), and can be found in the confidential portion of
the rulemaking record for F02W.
As shown in Table 2-2, the variability among different types of F024
is quite extensive. The waste contains up to 95> organic constituents (BDAT
List organics and non BDAT List organics)', less than 1? BDAT List metals and
up to 10J each of oil and grease, moisture, and ash. The wide variations in
both the detection limits and the analytical results are caused by the differ-
ences in the F024 waste matrices.
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Group
EPA bases its treatability group decisions primarily on whether
wastes are generated by the same or similar industries from similar processes.
EPA believes that such groupings can be made because of the high probability
2-6
-------
that the waste characteristics that affect treatment performance -/ill be
similar for the different types of r024 wastes and therefore, similar levels
of treatment performance can be achieved. Based on the similarities an-or.g tr.e
industries and processes generating F024, the various types of FD24 were
combined into one waste treatability group.
2-7
-------
Table 2-2
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR F024
Cone tin t r at I on In F024 (piiai)
BlIA 1
Ll»l Cons t 1lutnl
(a)
(t>)
(Q)
(h)
( • )
u>
< 20.000
(h> (1)
2 22 .
Acetone
NR
nR
NR
<200
< 20.000
<200
<10
4.6
21.000
• 0 US - 500
* G . lib - 2 1 .Olid
4
Banian*
33-1.900
NR
20
< 100
< 10.000
< 100
<5
• 1.000
* 10.000
• 0 o/5 •250
* 0 . - 1 . *iiiu
5.
Bi oxiuil Ich 1 oro -
7,260
NR
NR
< 100
<10.000
< 100
<5
« 1
<1.000
< IO.OiiO
•11 ii/5 <750
* U t . - i.n
rj
00
7 .
9.
10.
14 .
16
20.
22.
23.
26
27 .
no -
NH -
(a)
< to»
In)
< < »
(J)
(fc I
I i )
Carbon tatra-
[hlorIda
ChIorob«n<«n(
2~Ch1 or o- 1 .3-
tiutadlana
ChIoroform
3-Ch1 oroproptni
t ran»-1,4-01 -
chloro~2-Duten»
1.1-Olchloro-
aihana
1.2-OIchI orfl-
at hana
t.2 DI chIoropro-
pan*
t r#ns~ 1 .3 01-
£ ti I oropropana
HD-50.400
1 . 1-3.200
NR
NO-I 36
NO
NR
I . 7-440.000
NO-950.000
54-191
540
tOO-l.OUO NR <100 <10.000 <100 <5
NR NR <100 <10.000 174 <5
NR NR 5.462 <200,000 <2.000 <100
100-1.000 NR <1(10 <10,000 <100 <5
ND NO <2,000 <200.000 <2.000 <100
NR NH 4.69 1 <200,000 <2,000 <100
NR NH <100 <10.000 <100 <5
<10,000 2. JOB <5
<100 177.024 <100 <5
<100 760.018 <100 <5
10.000-500.000 NO <100
NR
NR
NR
Not datactad; dtttct ton Mailt not available
NO I uporHd
CBI EPA Listing Raport& (Rafarancas 3 8. 10. 12-14)
Raapon&e to 3007 QuaatIonnaIra from plant L (H»f«renc« 9)
List Ins Background Oor.uaant tor f024. p. 34 (Rafaranca 11)
Charactar IzatIon data from plant A (Reference 27)
Characterization data froai plant B (Reference 28)
CharacterIzatIon data from plant C (Reference 29)
CharactarIzatIon data from plant 0 (Raftrinca 30)
Char actarIzatIon data from plant t (Reference 31)
Plant * (Reference 32)
Plant B (Reference 32)
Plant C IR»f«r»nc« 37)
plant U (Reference 32)
< I
<20
< 1
<20
<20
200.000
- 10.000
205,480
<¦200.000
< io.(too
<10.000
2JO.000
290.000
II (l."j
-U II."
'250
0 025 -250
-0 5 -5,000
<0 5 -5,000
/50
<0.U/S II,UOO
•O II/'. -/50
-nn/s -/bo
<0.5 4 . O'J I
vl) 44U . tMilt
<0 Oa.".* 'JijO tllMl
•<0 U'/*J J III . Illlll
o;n ysu.ihmi
-------
Table 2-2 (Continued)
SUHMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR F02l|
BP* I
28 .
226.
34.
38 .
40.
Ltit Const Iluenl
N>
I
42 .
43 .
45 .
46.
47 .
49.
50 .
b9.
NO
NR ¦
(a)
(»)
JO
<"»
«h»
<• )
(a)
H'l
I > )
I J I
(I-)
t I I
cla~i,3-0tcnlo
ropropani
fthyl heni»n«
Mathyl ethyl
ketone
Methylene clilur-
Ide
I,I,I,2-letra-
ctiloro«in«n*
1.1,2,2-Tat ra-
thluroaIhana
T»tric|ilorq-
athane
I o I uiEia
I.I,I-tr I-
chloroethane
].1.J Trlchloro-
a t liana
Tr IchIoroathana
1 ,2.3-Trlchloro-
propana
Vinyl chloride
Bam (a)anthra-
can*
-A»i-
570
I 1-230
ND
i
5 1.900
58.000
16.000
I.5-47,200
3 I - 34.000
1.1-620
760-92.000
no-bi.aoo
NO
NO
ND
_iid_
NR
NR
ND
NR
NR
NO NO
.000-10.000 ND
_Jd)_
NR <100
Cunt ant r a t I on In fO24 (pjjoi)
Cal (f) (y) (h)
139,760 <100
<5
NR
NR
NR
I .000-10.000
NO
100-I.000
ND
NR
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
NO
NO
NH
ND
< 100
< 100
< 100
< 100
< 100
<100
< 100
< too
«100
< 100
< 100
<200
<200
<10.000
<10,000
<10,000
<10.000
<10,000
<10.000
<10.QUO
<10.000
< 100
< 100
< 100
< 100
< 100
< 100
< 100
< 100
<10.000 891
<10,000
<10,ooo
<20.000
<50
< 100
<100
<200
<24
NO - Not deluded, detection Mailt not at/ai labia.
Not rapartad.
CHI EPA Lilting Raports (References 3-8, 10. 12-14)
Response to 3007 Quaillonnatra from plant I (Dafaranca 9)
L|atIns BacKground Document for FQ24. p. 34 (Retaranca II)
Charac terliallon data from plant A (Reference 27)
Ch«(*ctarl2atIon data from plant B (Rafaranca 28)
Cha'actarliatlon data ft am plant C IReferame 29)
Characterliatton data from plant D (Reference 30)
Characterize! ton data from plant £ (Reference 31)
Plant A (Reference 32)
Plant 0 {Nafiranta 32)
Plant I (Reference 32)
l-ldnt 0 (Reference 32)
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<10
<340
£ 2
<900
( I )
160,0(10
< 10. OnO
-20.11(10
- (0. 0(10
- 10,OuO
<10.OUO
<10.000
- 10.0(10
- lo.ooo
< 10.0(1(1
<10,000
9.712
< 20,000
< iea
0> i ( i ) {iiM'U'' (i;i
'II U2!, *250 <0.(>2b ihK.imn
-(I 112!, < 250 >11 02!. . Ill
•li O'j <500 Mi ll'.. .• .nil
Nl> < 250 • I I .'Mill
¦II H2h - 250 -O (l/'i bH.iiiiu
-11.4125 -2 50 <0 02b Itj.uiiii
41 1 III • 250 • I At. .'tin
'II 112!# • 2bO -II 1)2') )¦! Mini
-ii D2S -/bu -o n/s i./i.
-0 112". HfcO -0 I12S-92.mm
-0.02'j ' 250 -0.02b Bl.duil
« 0 4125 ¦ 250 • 0 02!) !i . / I '
-O.O'.i -S(IU
-------
Table 2-2 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOH F02H
BOAT
1 1 & I C ons tit uaf 11
-
API_
U)
J'lE
A»l-
(f )
i3l_
JL!1.
{ IU »M I
t>2.
fl#niu(i)pv'«i>o
HO
NO
ND
<2 00
<50
<24
<340
<9O0
-1 /?
U iii Mi
•1) 3hl
<(l Jb 1 U <>tn>
63 .
Bumu(b)f lu«r -
aolhana
NO
NO
NU
<200
< 24
<340
<900
- 1 72
i«y
(1 / 1 U
NO
• /4 U Mi.
b* .
Hantafgh1Ipery-
1 ana
NO
1
HO
NO
«200
<50
<24
<340
<1100
' i n
- 1UU
U H
¦ ls(2ct\loro-
•ifty1latfter
NO 9.BOO
MR
NR
< 200
<50
64
<340
<900
< 1 /2
<. 1B9
¦ O . I'i 1
i 7 4
*•11 ib 1 U , HUM
>0
BI«(2atH»l-
h»«yl )ptitria(ata
7.9-480
MR
NK
<200
<50
<24
5.9
<900
< 112
* 189
! . f».l
NU
-*4 4UO
77 .
2-Chloro-
napfttftalene
NO-260
NR
NR
<200
-50
<24
<¦340
<900
* 1 72
• i«y
• l) i' 1
NO
• li Ihl _'»u
BO.
Chrytaris
NO
NO
NU
< 200
<50
<24
<340
<900
< i 12
< i«9
I . Ub
n 4ii
» l oro-
banzana
NO-24,000
Nft
m
<200
<50
<24
<340
<900
< 1 17
< i By
¦II ill)
•H JM
• 11 .!*> I J4 nun
ee.
1, 4-Dlcl»loro-
HO-B.OOQ
NR
NH
< 200
<50
<24
<340
<900
1 12
v IU9
¦ O. i'l \
(Hi
Ml IM H.itni'
barwana
ND - Not ituiactail; dAtatl ton i tntl nol iwaUabltt.
Hf) - Not reported.
(a) (Bl £pA Lttllng Aaports (Rafarancas 3 B. IU. 12 14)
) RatportBa to 3007 Qu*lt lonnatra from plant L (S«t«r»nca 9)
tc) t fftt tny Background Document for fU24, p. 34 (Rafarenfe 11)
ill) thtr*ct«rli>lton data from plant A (Rafaranca 27)
(a) Characterisation data from plant B (Reference 28)
if) Charact«rI tat Ion data from plant C
(g) Ctitracler liat Ign data from plant 0
(r>) Ch«rKUrli«lton data froni plant E
(I) plant A (Rafaranca 32)
I)) Plant B iRafaranca 32)
(M Plant C (Rafaranca 32)
(II plant O (Rafaranca 32)
(Reference 29)
(Rafaranca 30)
(Rafaranca 31)
I
-------
Table 2-2 (Continued)
SUMMARY OP AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR F02M
Conctntrtl Ipfi In f024 (ppw)
BOAT
Ll»t Constituent
(•)
<*>)
td)
<•)
(')
<9>
(h>
_XIJL_
0>
(t.)
- 0)
Itl""'
92.
Diethyl
phthalata
1.2-120
NR
NR
<200
<50
<24
<340
<900
<172
< IB9
NO
<0.351
<0 35 1 ¦ 1
104.
Dl-n-ocl*1
phthalata
4
34
NR
NR
<200
<50
<24
5.5
<900
<172
< IB9
NO
<0.351
<0.35 1 J4
110.
tienachloro-
benzene
NO-3.191
NR
NR
<200
<50
<24
4.7
10.019
<172
<189
2.0b
0.629
<24-I8.0IH
III.
Haaachloro-
butadlene
NO-4,074
too-1.000
NR
<200
<50
<24
<340
16.470
<172
<189
< 172
<0.351
<0.351"16.«'0
112.
Haaachloro-
cyc1opantadlene
1.3
NR
NR
<200
<50
<24
<340
<900
<172
<199
<0.351
<0.351
<0.35 1 1 J
113.
Heaachloroethane
ND-460.000
1.000-10,000
NR
<200
<5Q
<24
<340
<900
<1 72
< IB9
0 . 44?
<0 35 1
•0. 35l-4b0,liii 1 I.4HO
154.
Ant laiony
NR
NR
NR
<1.9
<1.9
<2. 1
2.2
<2. 1
<2.9
<2 9
* 2 9
- 2.9
• 1 8 / 1
156.
Arsenic
NR
NR
NR
<0.96
<0.99
7.9
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
« 1 0
- 1 1)
2
<0 8b / H
ND - Mot detected; detection IUII not aval labia.
NR - Not reported.
(a) CB1 CPA List Inn Reports (References 3-«. 10. 12-14)
(e) Raipomt to 3007 Ouait lonrvaIra froa plant L (Reference 9)
(t) tlitlnfl Background Document for F024, p. 34 (Rafaranca II)
(d) Character tzat Ion data froa plant A (Reference 27)
(el Characterl*alIon data from plant B (Raference 28)
II) Characterization data from plant C (Reference 29)
-------
Table 2-2 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR F02H
Concern rn ton to FQ24 (ptim)
BOAT
List Constituent
<•)
(b)
(. )
data from plant B (Raterence 28)
|t) Charactar1iatI on data from plant C (Reference 29)
iu) CharacterliatIon data from plant D (Reference 30)
(til Ctiarac t ar I tat I on data from plant b (Reference 31)
(i) Plant A (Hafarance 32)
(j) Plant B (Refarance 32)
(t>) Plant C. (Haflranci 32)
(I) Plant O (Reference 32)
-------
Table 2-2 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR F024
Conientrat ton in FQ24 (pot))
BOAT
List Cons tit uent
(a)
(b)
Jd)
(•)
ifi
(g) (h)
< 1 )
< J>
(*Q
. LU._
Rdntje ( pi Hi)
<0.005 HI 4
207 .
Henach1oro-
dtd»nzo-p-d1o«Ins
NR
NR
Nfl
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
<0.0014
<0.000b
10.4
2 . 2
208.
Hexach1orodtbenzo-
furans
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
<0.0007
<0.0003
3. \
b0.5
<0.000J SO %
709
Pan 1ach1orodIbenzo-
p-dlo«Ins
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
<0.0014
<0.0005
2 . 3
0.31
•• o . 0005 v ;t
210.
Pen taclil orod Ibenzo-
furans
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
<0.0005
<0.000?
1 t>
20 7
.000? in /
212.
Tetracrtl orod i benzo-
furam
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
<0.0002
<0.000?
0 . 63
1?
< 0. ooo m:
Otner
Parameters
Heating Value (BTU/lb)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NH
NR
9, b6b
7,87b
a,? 14
9, 2b:i
7 , H /h-9 . bt>5
Total
Solids (*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
51 . b
1 9
H4
79 . H
1.9-79 H
Ash Content (X of
Total So 1 Ids)
NR
NR
NH
nr
NR
NR
NH
NH
NO
0 b
IIH
11.7
ND- t M H
Total
Carbon (mg/kg)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
395.000
350.000
368.000
453.000
350.000 453.000
Total
Halogens (itig/ky)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
458.000
26,300
31,900
64,300
26 . 300 4bd . Out*
Moisture (*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0.03
0.04
3.53
8 . 48
0.U3 8 48
r->
i
i—
ND - Not detected; detection Mrnit riot available.
NR - Not reported.
(a) CBI EPA Listlny Reports (References 3-8. 10, 12-14)
(b) Response to 3007 Questionnaire from plant L (Reference 9)
(c) LlitlnQ Bacl»arountl Document for F024. p. 34 (Reference II)
(d) Characterization data from plant A (Reference 27)
(a) Characterization data from plant B (Reference 781
(f ) Character tzatIon data from plant C (Reference 29)
(g) Characterization data from plant D (Reference 30)
(h) CharacterIzaI Ion data from plant £ (Reference 31)
(I) Plant * (Reference 32)
(i) Plan) B (Reference 32)
(h) Plant C (Reference 32)
(I) Plant 0 (Reference 32)
F024 P
-------
3.0
APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
This section identifies the treatment technologies that are applica-
ble to F02U and determines which, if any, of the applicable technologies can
be considered demonstrated for the purpose of establishing BDAT.
To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat
the waste in question or to treat a waste that is similar in terms of para-
meters that affect treatment selection. (For detailed descriptions of the
technologies applicable to these wastes, or for similar wastes, refer to EPA's
Treatment Technology Background Document (Reference 15).)
To be demonstrated, a technology must be employed in full-scale
operation for treatment of the waste in question or a similar waste. Technol-
ogies available only at pilot- and bench-scale operations are not considered
in identifying demonstrated technologies.
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
Since F02il contains high concentrations of organic compounds (Sec-
tion 2.0), applicable treatment technologies include those that destroy,
reduce, or recover the total amount of various organic compounds in the waste.
The Agency has identified the following treatment technologies as applicable
for F02iJ: (1) incineration (fluidized-bed, rotary kiln, and liquid Injection)
3-1
-------
followed by stabilization of incinerator ash (if necessary to con-roi leacnirz
of metals), and chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of
scrubber water (if dissolved metals are present at treatafcie levels); (2)
solvent extraction followed by incineration or recycle of the extract, and
stabilization for nonwastewater raffinate with treatable leachable metals
levels and/or chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration for
wastewater raffinate if dissolved metals are present at treatable levels; and
(3) total recycle or reuse. These treatment technologies were identified
based on current literature sources, field testing, and current waste
treatment practices.
Inclneration/Stablllzation/Chemical Precipitation/Sludge Filtration
Incineration is a destruction technology in which energy, in the
form of heat, is transferred to the waste to destabilize chemical bonds and
eventually destroy hazardous constituents. In general, two residuals are
generated by incineration processes: ash and scrubber water. Incinerator ash
nay require stabilization (which results in the formation of a chemically- or
physically-stabilized treatment residual) to reduce the leachability of metals
in the waste. Scrubber water may require treatment using chemical precipita-
tion followed by vacuum filtration to remove dissolved metals from the waste-
water. Chemical.precipitation removes dissolved metals from wastewater by
forming an insoluble metal precipitate sludge. Vacuum filtration separates
the precipitated sludge from the wastewater.
3-2
-------
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is a separation technology in which organics are
removed from the waste due to greater constituent solubility in the solvent
phase than in the waste phase. This technology results in the formation of
two treatment residuals: the treated waste residual and the extract. The
treated waste residual may be further treated by stabilization for
nonwastewater raffinate with treatable leachable metals levels and/or chemical
precipitation followed by vacuum filtration for wastewater raffinate if
dissolved metals are present at treatable levels. The extract may be recycled
or treated further by incineration.
Total Recycle or Reuse
Total recycle or reuse processes do not generate residuals. The
applicability of these processes depends on the type of F024 generated. For
example, heavy ends or distillation bottoms are recycled in other production
processes at some facilities; however, reactor cleanout wastes are generally
not suitable for recycle or reuse.
The Agency recognizes that wastewater forms of F024 may be generated
from the treatment of F024, including scrubber water from incineration tech-
nologies and wastewater raffinate from solvent extraction processes. For
wastewater forms of F024 that may contain hazardous organic constituents at
treatable levels, applicable technologies include those that destroy or reduce
3-3
-------
the total amount of various organic compounds in the waste. Therefore, z'r.s
Agency has identified biological treatment and carbon adsorption as potent-
ially applicable for treatment of FO24 wastewaters with treatable organic
constituent concentrations.
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
The Agency has identified incineration (including rotary kiln,
liquid injection, and fluidized-bed incineration), stabilization, and total
recycle or reuse as the demonstrated treatment technologies for F024 and F024
nonwastewater residuals. The Agency is not aware of any facilities that
treat, on a full-scale operational basis, F024 or s:nilar wastes using solvent
extraction; therefore, EPA believes that solvent extraction is not currently
demonstrated for FQ24. The Agency has identified chemical precipitation
followed by sludge filtration as demonstrated for treatment of metals in F024
wastewater residuals.
Incineration
Rotary kiln Incineration is demonstrated on a full-scale operational
basis for treatment of F024 at five facilities. Liquid injection incineration
is demonstrated on a full-scale operational basis for treatment of F024 at
four facilities. In addition, fluidized-bed incineration is demonstrated on a
full-scale basis for treatment of F024 at one facility. The treatment process
3-4
-------
the Agency tested was a rotary kiln incinerator with a secondary comoustor ana
combustion gas scrubber system.
Stabilization
The Agency evaluated the performance of a pilot-scale stabilization
process on incinerator ash similar to rotary kiln incinerator ash from treat-
ment of F02^. (These data are presented in EPA's BOAT Background Document for
K0M8, K049, K050, K051, and K052 (Reference 3^).) In addition, the Agency has
recently completed an evaluation of the performance of a pilot-scale
stabilization process on F021* rotary kiln incinerator ash.
Total Recycle or Reuse
EPA is aware of four plants that recycle or reuse FQ24 in manufac-
turing processes on a full-scale basis. Specific information regarding the
recycle or reuse of these wastes has been claimed RCRA Confidential Business
Information (CBI) by the facilities.
Chemical Precipitation Followed by Vacuum Filtration
Although the Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat F02M
wastewaters, chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration is demon-
strated for wastewaters Judged to be similar to scrubber water generated from
the incineration of FQ24. Therefore, this technology is determined to be
3-5
-------
demonstrated for F024 wastewaters. The Agency tested cnemical precipitation
followed by vacuum filtration for a waste mixture aiTalar to F024 at one
facility (as shown in Section U.O).
3-6
-------
4.0
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA BASE
This section presents the data available to EFA or. the performance
of demonstrated treatment technologies for F024. These data are usee else-
where in this document to determine which technologies represent BOAT (Section
5.0), to select constituents for regulation (Section 6.0), and to develop
treatment standards (Section 7.0). In addition to using full-scale treatment
performance data, eligible data may include that developed at research facili-
ties or obtained at less than full-scale operations, provided that the tech-
nology is demonstrated in full-scale operation for a similar waste or wastes
(as described in Section 3.0).
Treatment performance data, to the extent that they are available to
EPA, include the concentrations for a given constituent in the untreated and
treated waste, values of operating parameters measured at the time the waste
was being treated, values of relevant design parameters for the treatment
technology, and data on waste characteristics that affect performance of the
treatment technology.
Where data are not available on the treatment of the specific waste
of concern, the Agency may elect to transfer performance data on the treatment
of a similar waste or wastes, using a demonstrated technology. To transfer
data from another waste treatability group, EPA must find that the waste of
concern is no more difficult to treat (based on the waste characteristics that
4-1
-------
affect performance of the demonstrated treatment technology) than tne treatea
wastes from which treatment performance data are being transferred.
Treatment performance data were not available for BOAT List meta.s
in F024 wastewaters. Treatment performance data from lime and sulfide
precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of K062 mixed with metal-bearing
characteristic wastes were transferred to F024 wastewaters.
Table 4-1 presents the BOAT List constituents that were detected in
the untreated waste streams during the rotary kiln incineration of F024 from
plants A, B, C, and D, as well as a biological sludge and an organic liquid
that were then burned with the F024. Table 4-2 presents the SDAT List con-
stituents detected in the kiln ash residual, and TatLe 4-3 presents the BDAT
List constituents detected in the scrubber water residual. Table 4-4 presents
design and operating data for the rotary kiln and the secondary combustor.
Table 4-5 presents treatment performance data for lime and sulfide
precipitation followed by vacuum filtratLon of K062 mixed with other metal-
bearing characteristic wastes. Testing procedures used to analyze for the
BDAT List constituents are identified in the analytical quality assur-
ance/quality control discussion in Appendix A of this background document.
4-2
-------
Table 1-1
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOH F021 FROM
PLANTS3 A, B, C, AND D, AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
Concentration in Untreated
Wastes Fed to tho Rotary Kiln
Concentration in Untreated Wastes
Fed to the Secondary Comhu-stor
>
Plant C
Plant D
Sludge
Plant A
Plant B
Organic Liqi
BOAT
List Constituent
(ppnO
(ppm)
(PP»)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
222.
Acetone
<0.05
<500
<500
21,000
<20,000
<2,000
10.
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
<0.5
<5,000
<5,000
139,721
<200,000
<20,000
11.
Chloroform
<0.025
<250
<250
<1,000
<10,000
<1,000
16.
3-Chloropropena
<0.5
<5,000
<5,000
<20,000
285,186
<20,0(H)
20.
trans-1,1-Dichloro-2-butene
<0.5
<5,000
<5,000
2,112
<200,000
<20,000
23.
1,2-Dichloroethane
<0.25
11,000
<250
<1,000
<10,000
26,068
?6.
1,2-Dichloropropane
<0.025
<250
<250
<1,000
230,000
<1,000
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
<0.025
<250
<250
<1,000
290,000
<1,000
28.
els-1,3-Dichloropropene
<0.025
<250
<250
<1,000
160,000
-1,000
31.
Methyl ethyl ketone
<0.05
<250
<500
2,200
<20,000
'2,000
38.
Methylene chloride
<0.025
<250
<250
<1,000
<10,000
1,8U4
12.
Tetrachloroethene
0.3
<250
<500
<1,000
<10,000
1,83a
13.
Toluene
<0.025
<250
<250
<1,000
<10,000
25,930
15.
1,1,1-TrIchloroethane
<0.025
<2b0
<250
<1,000
<10,000
1,211
16.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
<0.025
860
<250
<1,000
<10,000
v 1,01)0
19.
1,2,3-TrIchloropropane
<0.025
<250
<2,500
<1,000
9,712
¦ 1 ,01)0
59.
Benz(a)anthracene
0.B9
<0.351
<131
< 172
< 189
^ 196
62.
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.6
<0.351
<131
<172
< 189
• 196
63.
Benzo(b > f1uoranthene
0.72
<0.351
<131
<172
< 184
196
61.
Benzo(gh i)perylene
0.12
<0.351
<131
< 172
< 189
196
Note: The variation In detection limits for the same constituent was caused by the variation in Uu: w.iiiic
matrices.
NA - Not analyzed.
aPlant codes are listed in Appendix B.
*^024 from Plants A and B were liquids; F021 from Plants C and D were sludge.
-------
Table 1-1 (Continued)
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR F021 FROM
PLANTS3 A, B, C, AND D, AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
Concentration in Untreated
l n a r ^ a t W a Dy\ ^ n m«a V i 1
Concentrat io
Fed to the
BDAT
List Constituent
Plant C
(ppm)
Plant D
(ppm)
Sludge
(ppm)
Plant A
(ppm)
Plant B
(ppm)
Organic Liquid
(ppm)
65.
Benzo(k)f1uoranthene
0.87
<0.351
< 131
< 172
< 189
<196
68.
Bls(2-chloroethylJether
<0.351
32.1
<131
< 172
<189
< 196
70.
Bls(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
7.6
0.58
< 131
< 172
< 189
< 196
80.
Chrysene
1.1
0.11
<131
<172
< 189
< 196
87.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
<0.351
<0.351
< 131
< 172
< I89
302
88.
1 ,1-Dichlorobenzene
<0.351
2.08
<131
< 172
< 189
< 196
89.
3,3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne
<1.76
<1.76
<266
<860
<915
915
9?.
Diethyl phthalate
0.05
<0.351
15.15
< 172
< 189
• 196
110.
Hexachlorobenzene
2.1
0.63
<131
< 172
< 189
•• 196
113.
Hexachloroethane
0.11
<0.351
< 131
< 17?
< 189
< 196
116.
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
0.11
<0.351
<131
< 172
< 189
< 196
121.
Naphthalene
<0.351
<0.351
1,500
< 172
< 189
< 196
111.
Phenanthrene
1.27
0.90
<131
<172
< 189
< 196
112.
Phenol
<0.351
<0.'^,1
<131
< 172
< 189
1,812
150.
1,2,1-Trichlorotoenzene
<0.351
<0.351
<131
< 172
< 189
-------
Table *1-1 (Continued)
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR F021 FROM
PI.ANTS3 A, B, C, ANl) D, AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
Concentration in Untreated
ce
„b
Plant C
Plant D
Sludge
Plant A
Plant B
BDAT
List Constituent
(ppn)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
161.
Lead
9.0
3.8
10
<0.5
<0.5
162.
Mercury
0.19
<0.1
0.28
<0.1
<0. 1
163.
Nickel
318
636
333
<0.9
<0.9
165.
SIlver
<0.«l
<0.1
0.56
<0.1
< 0. '1
167.
Vanadiun
1.0
1.3
1.1
<0.3
<0.3
Concentration in Ontro.it.ed Wastes
Fed to the Secondary Corabuator
Organic Liquid
(ppm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
168.
Zinc
113
92
155
1.6
0.73
NA
169.
Cyanide
<0.19
2.92
NA
<0.13
<0.41
NA
170.
Fluoride
1.08
10.5
NA
<0.99
<1.00
NA
171-
Sulfide
<1.8
<1.6
NA
9-' f.
7.8 _
NA
207.
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
0.01
0.002
NA
<1.1x10"°
<5.3x10"'
NA
208.
Hexachlorodlbenzofurans
0.003
0.05
NA
<7. IxlO'jf
<2.7x10"?
NA
209.
Pentachlorodlbenzo-p-dloxins
0.002
0.0003
NA
<1.1x10"°
<5.0x10"'
n
NA
210.
PentachlorodIbenzofurans
0.002
0.03
NA
<5.1x10"?
<2.0x10"'
*/
NA
212.
Tetrachlorodiben*/.ofuran3
0.001
0.01
NA
< 1.6x10"'
< 1.6x10"'
NA
NA - Not analy2ed.
Note: The variation in detection Units for the same constituent was caused by the variation m the w.i.stc
matrices.
*Piant codes are listed in Appendix B.
bF02l from Plants A and B were liquids; FG21 from Plants C and D were sludges.
-------
Table 1-2
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FROM
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION OF F021 FROM PLANTS A, B, C, AND I)
KILN ASH RESIDUAL
Concentration In Kiln Ash - Total Composition_(m^/kf,)
BDAT
List
Sample Set
Sample Set
Sample Set
Sample Set
Sample Set
Sample .Set.
Range
Constituent
f 1
12
13
11
15
#6
< mR/kg)
21.
Dichiorodl-
0.71
1.10
1.50
1.60
1.70
1 .10
0.71-1.70
fluoroaethane®
92.
Diethyl
0.67
0.67
0.67
0.60
0.15
1 . 11
0.15-1.11
phthalate
170.
Fluoride
NA
NA
2.11
NA
NA
NA
2.11
Concentration
in Kiln Ash
- TCLP (mR/l)
Range (i«r/1)
151.
Antimony
0.062
<0.029
<0.029
<0.029
0.012
0.030
<0.(129-0.06?
155.
Arsenic
0.079
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01-0.079
156.
Barium
1.64
1.67
1.91
1.78
1.61
1.56
1.56-1.91
157.
Berylllun
<0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
<0.001-0.002
158.
Cadmium
<0.001
0.037
0.033
0.028
0.016
O.U.'Y
<0.oo1 -0.037
159.
Chromium (total)
<0.001
0.28
n.29
0.31
0.32
0. 1 J
nO.0..'1-5.32
167.
Vanadium
0.005
0.001
<0.003
0.008
<0.003
11 .DOS
o tiol-o.ooB
168.
Zinc
0.060
1.81
1.90
1.61
1.56
.\7H
ii n(iii .'.'/fl
NA - Not analyzed.
aThi3 constituent was also detected in the laboratory blank at 077 mg/kg.
^This constituent was also detected in the laboratory blank at 0.51 mg/kj;.
-------
Table 1-3
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FROM
ROTARY
KILN INCINERATION OF F021
FROM PLANTS A,
B, C, AND
D
SCRUBBER UATER
RESIDUAL
Concentration in
Scrubber Hater
- Total Composition (m^/l)
BOAT
List
Sample Set
Sample Set
Sample Set
Sample Set
Sample Set
Sample Set
Constituent
11
12
#3
fl
#«;>
16
6.
Bronomethane
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-------
Table 1-1
DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE ROTARY KILN AND SECONDARY COHUUSTOH
Operating Value _
Sample Set Sample Set Sample Set Sample Set Sample SeL Sample Set
11 12 #3 #1 IS 16
Parameter (units)
Kiln Outlet Temperature
(°F)
Rotary Kiln
Solid Waste Feed Rate
(lbs/minute)
Kiln Rotational Speedc
(RPM)
BTU Loading - Rotary
Kiln (MMBTU/hour)
Secondary Combustor
Temperature (°F)
Secondary Combustor
Liquid Waste Feed Rate
(lbs/minute)
BTU Loading-Secondary
Combustor
(~« BTU/hour)
Note: Kiln solids residence time is estimated to be 30-60 minutes. Secondary combustor residence time is estimated
to be approximately 3 seconds. Both estimates are based on discussions with plant personnel.
NS - Not specified.
a Time of data collection.
b This solid represents F021 from plants C and D and the sludge that were treated by the rot.iry kiln ihcimcmi ion
system.
c The kiln rotational speed was decreased during the run to allow for a longer residence i ipic ul i he kiln
and to lower the temperature of the waste heat boiler.
** This liquid represents F021 from plants A and B and the organic liquid that were treated by th. mi ,iy kiln
incineration system.
Design (11:20 am)a (12:15 pm)a (1:15 pm)a (2:15 pm)a (3:'5pm)a (1:15 pm)a
Value (11:1b am)a (12:15 pn»)a (1:15 pm)a (2:15 pm)a (3:15 pm)a (1:1b pm)'1
1,000-1,700
1,391
1,393
1,360
1,125
1, '15?
1,207
1,255
1,105
1,601
1,113
1,150
1,551
NS
32
32
32
32
3?
32
32
32
32
3?
3?
32
0.2-0.6
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.25
0.23
0.27
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.2?
0. 1
11
16
17
16
16
16
16
17
16
16
16
16
15
1,800-2,200
2,025
2,056
2, 132
2,093
2, 123
2,006
2,021
2,112
1,990
2,119
2,126
1,877
NS
18.2
29.2
29.1
25.9
29.6
I'M
27.7
27.7
32.3
25.6
25.1
1.2
19
10
15
15
11
15
11
11
11
17
13
15
7
-------
Table ii-5
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K062 HASTE MIXTURE
PLANT Z - LIME AND SULFIDE PRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY VACUUM FILTRATION3
Sample Sat 18 Sample Set *t I __ Sample Set t I 2
Concent rat 1 on
Concern it at ion
Cone en t r a t mi
Detected BOAT
Concentration In
in *062
Concentrdtlon in
in Treated K062
Concent rat Ion In
in Treated ku
List Metal
Untreated KQ62
Wastewater
Untreated K062
Wastewater
Untfuated K062
Was t ewaIer
Const 11 uent
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(oyffl i
Jpp'n)
154.
Ant1mony
< 10
< 1
<10
1
<• *0
< 1 .00
155
Arsen1c
< 1
<0. 1
< 1
*Q . 1
« 1
<0. 10
156.
Bar t u*
<10
< 1
<10
<. 1
1 2
< l .00
15? .
Bery 1 1 1 uai
<2
<0.2
<2
'0. 2
<2
<0 20
158.
Cadmium
<5
<0.5
<5
<0 5
23
< 5
221 .
Chromium (he*ava1 ent)
0.13
<0.01
o.oa
0. 106
0 . 30
'U 1)1
159.
Chromium (total)
83 1
0. IS
395
0 12
617
0 . IB
160 .
Capper
217
0. 16
191
0.14
137
n. /a
161 .
Lead
212
<0 01
<10
<0.Ol
136
*0.01
162 .
Mm ury
< 1
<0. 1
< 1
<0. 1
* 1
'0. 10
163.
Nickel
669
n 36
712
0 ^3
302
0 . 39
164
Hu1en 1urn
<10
< i
< 10
< 1
< 10
* i no
165.
SI 1ver
<2
-------
Intentionally Blank Page
-------
The technology chat Is found to perforr. bes~ on a particular waste
stream is then evaluated to determine whether it is "available." To oe
available, the technology must (1) be commercially available, and (2) provide
"substantial" treatment of the waste, as determined through evaluation of
treatment performance data that have been corrected for accuracy. In deter-
mining whether treatment is substantial, EPA may consider data on a treatment
technology's performance on a waste similar to the waste in question, provided
that the similar waste is at least as difficult to treat. If it i3 determined
that the best technology is not available, then the next best technology is
evaluated, and so on.
5.1 Review of Treatment Performance Data
The available treatment performance data presented in Section 4.0
were reviewed and assessed to determine whether they represent operation of a
well-designed and well-operated system, whether sufficient quality assur-
ance/quality control measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the
data, and whether the appropriate measures of performance were used to assess
the performance of the treatment technology.
The treatment performance data and the design and operating data
collected during the test of rotary kiln incineration of F024 at plant X,
stabilization of F024 incinerator ash at plant Y, and lime and sulfide precip-
itation followed by vacuum filtration of K062 mixed with other metal-bearing
characteristic wastes at plant Z were reviewed for the points described above.
5-2
-------
The appropriate measures of performance (total constituent concentration :>r
incineration and lime and sulfide precipitation followed by vacuum fiitrat.or.
and TCLP for stabilization) were used to assess the treatment systems. Design
and operating data and quality assurance/quality control information for
samples collected at plants X, Y, and Z are presented in References 32, 21,
and 33i respectively. These data were considered to determine BOAT for F024.
F024 treatment performance data are not available for liquid injec-
tion and fluidized-bed incineration. Therefore, in the absence of treatment
performance data for this waste, liquid injection and fluidized-bed incinera-
tion were not selected as BDAT for F024. However, the Agency believes that
well-designed and well-operated liquid injection and fluidized-bed incinera-
tion systems can meet the BDAT treatment standards -established for organic
constituents in F024.
5.2 Accuracy Correction of Treatment Performance Data
As part of the review of treatment performance data for rotary kiln
incineration, the data were adjusted to take into account any analytical
interferences associated with the chemical makeup of the samples. Generally,
performance data were corrected for accuracy as follows: (1) a matrix spike
recovery was determined, as explained below, for each BDAT List constituent
detected in the untreated or treated waste; (2) an accuracy correction factor
was determined for each of the above constituents by dividing 100 by the
matrix spike recovery (expressed as a percentage) for that constituent; and
5-3
-------
(3) the reported concentration of each BDAT List constituent detectea in tr.a
untreated or treated waste was corrected by multiplying the concentration by
the corresponding accuracy correction factor.
Matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a
treated waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the
addition of a known amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the
sample. The matrix spike recovery represents the total amount of constituent
recovered after spiking minus the initial concentration of the constituent in
the sample, and the result divided by the spike concentration of the constitu-
ent .
5.2.1 Normastewatgrs
Matrix spike recoveries used to adjust of the treatment performance
data for the kiln ash residue are presented in Table A-8 of Appendix A of this
background document. Duplicate matrix spikes were performed for some BDAT
List constituents in kiln ash. If duplicate matrix spikes were performed for
a constituent, the matrix spike recovery used for that constituent was the
lower of the two values from the first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.
Where a matrix spike was not performed for a constituent, the matrix
spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average matrix spike
recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents {e.g., volatile organics)
for which recovery data were available. In these cases, the matrix spike
5-4
-------
recoveries for all volatile organics, semivoiatile organics, or dioxins/
furar.s from the first matrix spike were averaged. Similarly, an average
matrix spike recovery was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recover-
ies. The lower of the two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile,
semivoiatile, or dioxin/furan group was used for any volatile, semivoiatile,
or dioxin/furan constituent for which no matrix spike was performed.
Using this method, the accuracy correction factors calculated for
nonwastewater (rotary kiln ash) data are presented in Table A-10 of Appendix A
of this document. The concentrations of each BDAT List constituent detected
in either the untreated F02U or the rotary kiln ash were corrected for accur-
acy and are presented in Table 5-1. Constituent concentrations in the kiln
ash residue were not adjusted to values below their detection limit. If
accuracy correction resulted in a value less than the detection limit for a
constituent, the accuracy-corrected concentration was set equal to the detec-
tion limit.
5-5
-------
Table 5-1
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENT
CONCENTRATIONS IN KILN ASH RESIDUE, CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY5
Corrected Total Concentration in
the F024 Rotary Kiln Incinerator Asr. (mg*z;
Sample Set
BDAT List Constituent
Volatiles
222.
Acetone
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.0^0
0.010
0.010
10.
2-Chloro-1,3-butadier.e
0.100
0.100
0. 100
0. 100
0.100
0. 100
16.
3-Chloropropene
0.100
0.100
0. 100
0.100
0.100
0. 100
20.
trans-1,4-0ichloro-2-
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
butene
21.
Dichlorodifluoromethane
0.710
1.400
1.500
1 .600
1.700
1 .400
23.
1,2-Dichloroethane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
26.
1,2-Dichloropropa.ne
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
28.
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
34.
Methyl ethyl ketone
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
42.
Tetrachloroethene
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
46.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
49.
1,2,3-Tr ichloroprapane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
Semivolatiles
59. Benz(a)anthracene 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
62. Benzo(a)pyrene 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
63. Benzo(b)fiuoranthene 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
64. Benzo(ghi)perylene 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
65. Benzo(k)fiuoranthene 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
68. Bis(2-chioroettiy1)ether 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthal- 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
ate
80. Chrysene 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
88. 1,4-Dichloroben2ene 0.462 0.462 0.488 0.462 0.462 0.462
92. Diethyl phthalate 1.264 1.264 1.280 1.145 0.854 2.164
110. Hexachlorobenzene 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
113- Heiachloroethane 0.632 0.632 0.666 0.632 0.632 0.632
Nfl - Not analyzed.
aThis table presents data for the BDAT List constituents detected in either
the untreated F024 from plants A, B, C, and D or the rotary kiln ash. These
data were obtained by multiplying the concentration found in the incinerator
ash (Section 4.0) by the accuracy correction factor for that constituent
(Appendix A).
5-6
-------
Table 5-1 (Continued)
3DAT LIST CONSTITUENT
CONCENTRATIONS IN SILK ASH RESIDUE, CORRECTED FOR ACCURAC:3
BDAT List Constituent
Semivoiatiles (Cont.)
1'6. Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
14". Phenanthrene
Corrected Total Concentration in
the F02^ Rotarv Kiln Incinerator Ash (xs'itg)
Sample Set
i 2 3 4 5 6
0.632
0.632
0.632
0.632
0.666
0.666
0.632 0.632 0.632
0.632 0.632 0.632
Inorganics
170. Fluoride
Dioxins and furans
NA
NA
2.11
NA
NA
NA
207.
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-
NA
NA
0.0001
NA
NA
NA
dioxins
208.
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
NA
NA
0.00004
NA
NA
NA
209.
Pentachlorod ibenzo-p-
NA
NA
0.0001
NA
NA
NA
dioxlns
210.
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
NA
NA
0.00003
NA
NA
NA
2' 2.
Tetrachlorodiber.zofurans
NA
NA
0.00003
NA
NA
NA
NA - Not analyzed.
^hta table presents data for the BDAT List constituents detected in either
the untreated F024 from plants A, B, C, and D or the rotary kiln ash. These
data were obtained by multiplying the concentration found in the incinerator
ash (Section 4.05 by the accuracy correction factor for that constituent
(Appendix A).
5-7
-------
5.2.2 Wastewaters
Matrix spike recoveries used to calculate accuracy correction
factors for adjustment of the treatment performance data for the combustion
gas scrubber water are presented in Table A-9 of Appendix A. If duplicate
matrix spikes were performed for a constituent, the matrix spike recovery used
for that constituent was the lower of the two values from the first matrix
spike and the duplicate spike.
Where a matrix spike was not performed for a constituent, the matrix
spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average matrix spike
recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (e.g., volatile organics)
for which recovery da:a were available. Tn these cases, the matrix spike
recoveries for all volatile organics, semivolatile organics, or dioxins/furans
from the first matrix spike were averaged. Similarly, an average matrix spike
recovery was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recoveries. The lower
of the two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile, semivolatile, or
dioxin/furan group was used for any volatile, semivolatile, or dioxin/furan
constituent for which no matrix spike was performed.
Using this method, the accuracy correction factors calculated for
wastewater (scrubber water) data are presented in Table A-10 of Appendix A of
this document. The concentrations of each BDAT List constituent detected in
either the untreated F024 or the scrubber water were corrected for accuracy
and are presented in Table 5-2. Constituent concentrations in the scrubber
5-8
-------
Table 5-2
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT
CONCENTRATIONS IN SCRUBBER WATER, CORRECTED FOR ACCURACY3
Corrected Total Concentration in the
F024 Combustion Gas Scrubber Water (mg/1)
Sample Set
BOAT
List Constituent
1
2
3
u
5
6
Volatiles
222.
Acetone
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
6.
Bromomethane
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.032
10.
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
0. 101
12.
Chloroethane
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.031
15.
Chlororaethane
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
16.
3-Chloropropene
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
20.
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-
0.101
0.101
0. 101
0.101
0.101
0.101
butene
21.
Dichlorodifiuoromethane
0.010
0.010
0.292
0.363
0.403
0.444
23.
1,2-Dichloroethane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
26.
1,2-Dichloropropane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
28.
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
34.
Methyl ethyl ketone
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
42.
Tetrachloroethene
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
46.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
49.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
Semivolatiles
59.
Benz(a)anthracene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
62.
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
63.
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
64.
Benzo(ghi)perylene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
65.
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
68.
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
70.
Bia(2-*thylhexy1)phthal-
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
80.
dwc
Chrysene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
NA -
Not analyzed.
aThis table presents data for the
BDAT List constituents
detected
in either
the untreated F024 from plants A, B, C, and D or the scrubber water. These
data were obtained by multiplying the concentration found in the incinerator
ash (Section 4.0) by the accuracy correction factor for that constituent
(Appendix A).
5-9
-------
Table 5-2 (Continued!
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENT
CONCENTRATIONS IN SCRU3BER HATER, CORRECTED FCR ACCURACY3
Cor
rected
Totai Concentrat;
Lon in
the
F024
Combust
;ion Gas Scrubber
Water
(mg/1)
Sample
Set
BDAT
List Constituent
1
2
3
4
5
' 6
Semivolatiles (Continued)
88.
1,4-Dichlorober.zene
0.021
0.021
0.019
0.017
0.019
0.019
92.
Diethyl phthaiate
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.066
0.013
110.
Hexachlorobenzene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
O.OT3
0.0T3
113.
Hexachloroethar.e
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
116.
Ir.deno( 1,2,3-ed)pyrene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
141.
Phenanthrene
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.013
0.013
Inorganics
170.
Fluoride
NA
NA
153
NA
NA
NA
Dioxins and furans
207.
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-
NA
NA
0.00001
NA
NA
NA
dioxins
208.
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
NA
NA
0.0003
NA
NA
NA
209.
Pen tachlorod ibenzo-p-
NA
NA
0.00001
NA
NA
NA
dioxins
2T0.
PentachlorodiberrzofUrans
NA
NA
0.0001
NA
NA
NA
212.
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
NA
NA
0.00001
NA
NA
NA
Corrected Total Concentration
in the Treated K062 Wastewater (mg/1)
Sample Set
Metals 1 2 3
159. Chromium (total) 0.221 0.176 0.265
163. Nickel 0.387 0.355 0.419
NA - Not analyzed.
aThis table presents data for the BDAT List constituents detected in either
the untreated F024 from plants A, B, C, and D or the scrubber water. These
data were obtained by multiplying the concentration found in the incinerator
ash (Section 4.0) by the accuracy correction factor for that constituent
(Appendix A).
5-10
-------
water residual were not adjusted to values below the detection limit for that
constituent. If accuracy correction resulted in a value less than the detec-
tion limit, the accuracy-corrected value was set equal to the detection limit.
5.3 Statistical Comparison of Treatment Performance Data
In cases where the Agency has treatment performance data from more
than one technology, EPA uses the statistical method known as the analysis of
variance (ANOVA) test (discu33ed in EPA's Methodology for Developing BDAT
Treatment Standards (Reference 1)), to determine if one technology performs
significantly better than the rest. For F024, the Agency has treatment
performance data, for only one treatment system and, therefore, an ANOVA
comparison is not appropriate.
5Available Treatment Technologies
The demonstrated technologies for treatment of F024 (rotary kiln
incineration, stabilization, and chemical precipitation followed by vacuum
filtration) are considered to be commercially available. Furthermore, the
Agenc7 has. determined that these technologies will provide substantial treat-
ment of F024. • Therefore, these technologies are available for treatment of
F024.
Methods of total recycle or reuse are not considered to be commer-
cially available for F024 since they are proprietary or patented processes and
5-TT
-------
cannot be purchased or licensed from the proprietor. In addition, a process
used successfully by one facility may not work for another because of the wide
variations in the waste. Therefore, total recycle or reuse cannot be further
considered BOAT, as it is not an available treatment technology.
5.5 BDAT for F024
As discussed above, rotary kiln incineration followed by:
(1) stabilization of the incinerator ash, and (2) chemical precipitation
followed by vacuum filtration of the scrubber water have been determined to be
demonstrated and available. Because the Agency does not have treatment
performance data for any other technologies treating F024 or similar wastes,
this treatment train is the best. Therefore, the best demonstrated available
technology (BDAT) for F024 has been determined to be rotary kiln incineration
followed by: (1) stabilization of the incinerator ash, and (2) chemical
precipitation followed by vacuus filtration of the scrubber water.
5-12
-------
6.0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
The Agency has developed a list of hazardous constituents (the BDAT
Constituent List, presented in EPA's Methodology for Developing BDAT Treatment
Standards (Reference 1)) from which constituents to be regulated are selected.
EPA may revise this list as additional data and information become available.
The list is divided into the following categories: volatile organics, semi-
volatile organics, metals, inorganics other than metals, orgarrochlorine pesti-
cides, phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides, PCBs, and
dioxins and furans. This section presents the rationale for the selection of
constituents to be regulated in wastewater and nonwastewater forms of F024.
Generally, constituents selected for regulation must satisfy the
following criteria:
1) The constituent must be on the BDAT List of regulated constitu-
ents. Presence on the BDAT List Implies the existence of
approved methods for analyzing the constituent in treated waste
matrices.
2) The constituent must be present in, or be suspected of being
present in. the untreated waste. For example, in some cases,
analytical difficulties (such as masking) may prevent a con-
stituent from being identified in the untreated waste, but its
identification, in a treatment residual may lead the Agency to
conclude that it is present in the untreated waste.
3) Where treatment performance data are transferred, the constitu-
ents selected for regulation must be easier to treat than the
constltuent(s) from which performance data are transferred.
Waste characteristics affecting performance (WCAPs) of treat-
ment vary according to the technology of concern. For in-
stance, for incineration, the WCAPs include bond dissociation
energy, thermal conductivity, and boiling point.
6-1
-------
From a group of constituents that are eligible for regulation
because they meet the above criteria, EPA may select a subset of constituents
that represent the broader group. For example, from a group of constituents
that react similarly to treatment, the Agency may select for regulation only
those constituents that are the most difficult to treat, to facilitate imple-
mentation of the compliance and enforcement program.
The Agency Initially considered ail constituents on the SDAT List
for regulation. Available F024 characterization data for all BDAT List
constituents are summarized in Table 6-1. (All tables are presented at the
end of Section 6.0.) A range of detected concentrations is shown in the table
for all constituents known, to be present in the untreated F024. Constituents
that were not detected in the untreated waste but were detected in the treated
waste are identified by the symbol Constituents for which the Agency
does not have analytical characterization data are identified by the notation
"NA" (not analyzed).
The Agency is not regulating all of the BDAT List constituents
considered for regulation. A BDAT List constituent was deleted from further
consideration for regulation if (1) the constituent was not detected in the
untreated and/or treated wastes, (2) the constituent was not analyzed for in
the untreated waste, or (3) other reasons, as discussed in Section 6.1.
Constituents that were selected for regulation are discussed in Section 6.2.
6-2
-------
6•1 BPAT List Constituents Deleted from Consideration for Regulation
A BDAT List constituent that was detected in untreated F02H was
deleted from consideration for regulation if (1) available treatment perfor-
mance data for the constituent did not show effective treatment by BDAT, (2)
the constituent was not present at treatable concentrations in the waste, or
(3) other reasons, as described below. BDAT List constituents that remained
following the deletions described In this subsection were further considered
for regulation. These constituents are listed in Table 6-2 for nonwastewaters
and in Table 6-3 for wastewaters. All tables are included at the end of this
section.
Sulfide was not further considered for regulation in F02M waste-
waters and nonwastewaters because the technology determined to be BDAT for
F02U (rotary kiln incineration followed by stabilization of nonwastewater and
chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of wastewater) does not
provide effective treatment for this BDAT List constituent. Moreover, the
Agency is unaware of any demonstrated technology for treatment of sulfide in
F024 or similar wastes.
Barium was deleted from further consideration for regulation in F024
wastewaters because the transferred BDAT treatment performance data obtained
from chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of K062 do not show
effective treatment.
6-3
-------
Arsenic was deleted, from further consideration for regulation in
nonwastewaters because it was not present in the untreated waste at treatable
concentrations.
Similarly, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene,
benzo{ghi)perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
were deleted from further consideration for regulation in F024 because they
were not present in the untreated waste at treatable concentrations.
Copper, vanadium, and zinc were considered for regulation in F024
wastewaters but were not selected as regulated constituents. Although the
metal compounds, copper cyanide, vanadium pentaxids, and zinc cyanide are
listed in Appendix VIII of MO CFR Part 261, the individual metals, copper,
vanadium, and zinc, are not listed. In thi3 Second-Thirds rulemaking, the
Agency is only regulating copper, vanadium, and/or zinc in listed hazardous
wastes when they cannot be controlled by regulation of other metal constitu-
ents. For F024, copper, vanadium, and zinc are believed to be controlled by
the regulation of total chromium and nickel and are therefore not being
regulated.
Dichlorodifluoromethane, diethyl phthalate, antimony, and beryllium
were not detected in untreated F024 but were detected in the rotary kiln ash
6-4
-------
residual. These constituents were not selected for regulation in F024
nonwastewaters. Dichiorodifluoromethane and diethyl phthalate are not being
regulated because they were detected in the laboratory blank at 0.27 mg/kg and
0.51 mg/kg, respectively, and are believed to be laboratory contaminants. The
Agency believes antimony and beryllium concentrations detected in the kiln ash
are attributable to their presence in the sludge and organic liquid wastes
incinerated with F02U. These constituents were not typically found in
untreated F024 (Table 2-3). Therefore, these constituents were not selected
for regulation in F024 nonwastewaters.
Bromomethane, chloroethane, chloromethane, dichiorodifluoromethane,
diethyl phthalate, antimony, and selenium were not detected in untreated FQ24
but were detected in the scrubber water residual from rotary kiln incinera-
tion. These constituents were not selected for regulation in F024 waste-
waters. Dichiorodifluoromethane is not being regulated because it was detect-
ed in the laboratory blank at 0.23 mg/1 and is believed to be a laboratory
contaminant. Diethyl phthalate is not being regulated because it was detected
in only one scrubber water sample at a low concentration (0.057 mg/1). In
addition, diethyl phthalate, (BDE 3,^5 kcal/mole) is controlled by regulation
of bis (2,-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BDE 6,U65 kcal/mole). The Agency believes
the concentrations of the five remaining constituents detected in the scrubber
water (bromomethane, chloroethane, chloromethane, antimony, and selenium) are
attributable to their presence in the sludge and organic liquid wastes incin-
erated with F024. These constituents were not typically found in F024 (Table
6-5
-------
2-3). Therefore, these constituents were not selected for regulation in F024
wastewaters.
All other metals were deleted from further consideration for regula-
tion in F024 nonwastewaters because the Agency has only recently completed an
analysis of TCLP extracts obtained from the stabilization of F024 incinerator
ash residues.
6.2 Selection of 3DAT List Constituents for Regulation
The selection of constituents for regulation in nonwastewaters and
wastewaters Is discussed in Sections 6.2.1 and 6-2.2., respectively.
6.2.1 Nonwastewaters
Constituents regulated in F024 nonwastewaters were selected fran
BDAT List constituents detected in the untreated waste, unless they were
deleted from consideration as discussed in Section 6.1.
Table 6-U presents each constituent selected fop regulation in F024
nonwastewaters after consideration of (1) the constituent concentration in the
untreated waste, (2) whether the constituent is adequately controlled by
regulation of another constituent, and (3) the relative difficulty in achiev-
ing effective treatment of the constituent by BDAT for nonwastewaters (rotary
kiln incineration followed by stabilization).
6-6
-------
The Agency's determination of adequate control for organic constitu-
ents was based on an evaluation of the characteristics of the constituents
that would affect the performance of rotary kiln incineration relative to the
kiln ash residual, specifically, the boiling points of the constituents. In
general, a constituent is believed to be controlled by regulation of another
constituent that has a higher boiling point. Boiling points for the BDAT List
organic constituents further considered for regulation, as shown in Table 6-2,
are listed in Appendix C.
Based on the above discussion, the nine BDAT List organic constitu-
ents selected for regulation in F024 nonwastewaters are 2-chloro-1,3-buta-
diene; 3-chlnrapropftae; 1,1-dichlaroethaoe; 1,2-d-LchLoroethane; 1,2-
-------
regulation in F024 nonwastewaters. The control of constituents deleted from
consideration for regulation by constituents selected for regulation in F02U-
nonwastewaters is presented in Table 6-5.
Cyanide was detected in untreated F024 but was not selected for
regulation in F024 nonwastewaters because it was found at low concentrations
in the untreated waste and is believed to be adequately controlled by treat-
ment standards for the BDflT List organic constituents.
Two metals, total chromium and nickel, are being reserved for
regulation in F02M nonwastewaters because the Agency has recently completed an
analysis of TCLP extracts obtained from the stabilization of FQ24 Incinerator
ash residues. The results of this analysis show substantial reduction of
metals in TCLP extracts following stabilization. Therefore, the Agency has
decided to reserve the final treatnent standards for metals in F024 nonwaste-
waters in the Second Thirds promulgated rule. The Agency will instead propose
revised treatment standards for metals in F024 nonwastewaters based on the
F024 stabilization results as part of the Third Thirds proposed rule so that
sufficient time is provided for notice and comment on these revisions.
Five" dioxins and furans, hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, hexachlorodi-
benzofurans, pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, pentachlorodibenzofurans, and
tetrachlorodibenzofurans, were selected for regulation in F021 nonwastewaters
based on the difficulty in treating these constituents, reflected by their
high boiling points, as well as their inherent toxicity.
6-8
-------
6*2.2 Wastewaters
Constituents regulated ir. F024 wastewaters were selected using the
same constituent selection method used for F024 nonwastewaters; that is, they
were selected from the BDAT List constituents that were detected in the
untreated waste, unless they were deleted from consideration as discussed in
Section 6.1.
Table 6-6 presents each constituent selected for regulation in F02U
wastewaters after consideration of (1) the constituent concentration in the
untreated waste, (2) whether the constituent is adequately controlled by
regulation of another constituent, arid (3) the relative difficulty associated
with achieving effective treatment of the constituent by the BDAT for waste-
waters (rotary kiln incineration followed by chemical precipitation and vacuum
filtration).
The Agencyrs determination of adequate control for organic constitu-
ents was based on an evaluation of the characteristics of the constituents
that would affect performance of incineration relative to the scrubber water
residual, specifically, their estimated bond dissociation energies. In
general, a constituent is believed to be controlled by regulation of another
constituent that has a higher bond dissociation energy. Estimated bond
dissociation energies for the BDAT List organic constituents further consid-
ered for regulation, as shown in Table 6-3, are listed in Appendix C.
6-9
-------
Based on the above discussion, the nine BDAT List organic constitu-
ents selected for regulation in F02'4 wastewaters are 2-chioro-1,3-butadiene;
3-chloropropene; 1,1-dichloroethane; 1,2-dichloroethane; 1,2-dichloropropane;
trans-1,3-dichloropropene; cis-1,3-dichloropropene; bis(2-ethylhexyl)phtha-
late; and hexachloroethane.
The remaining 39 BDAT List organic constituents that were further
considered for regulation in F024 wastewaters due to their presence in the
untreated waste (Table 6-3) are not being regulated. These 39 constituents
were found at lower concentrations in the untreated waste than the organic
constituents selected for regulation. Deletion of these constituents from
consideration for regulation in FQ24- wastewaters was also based on a compari-
son of their bond dissociation energies (BDEs) with the BDEs of the constitu-
ents selected for'regulation. These 39 constituents were then deleted from
consideration for regulation because they are believed to be adequately
controlled by incineration of other organic constituents that have been
selected for regulation in F02U wastewaters. The control of constituents
deleted from consideration for regulation by constituents selected for regula-
tion in FD2*4 wastewaters is presented in Table 6-7.
Cyanide was detected in untreated F024 but was not selected for
regulation F024 wastewaters because it was found at low concentrations in the
untreated waste and is believed to be adequately controlled by treatment
standards for the BDAT List organic constituents.
6-10
-------
Two metals, total chromium and nickel, were selected for regulation
in F024 wastewaters. All other BDAT List metal constituents initially
considered for regulation in F024 wastewaters were not selected because these
constituents were found at low concentrations in the untreated waste and are
believed to be adequately controlled by the treatment standards for total
chromium and nickel. Although high lead levels were found in F024 scrubber
water, these levels are attributed to high lead levels found in the background
scrubber water sample. Control of metal constituents Is provided by the use
of chemical precipitation followed by vacuum filtration. By removing the
metals present at the highest concentrations in the untreated waste, adequate
treatment will be provided for other metals present at lower treatable concen-
trations.
Five dioxins and furans, hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, hexachlorodi-
benzofurans, pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, pentachlorodibenzofurans, and
tetrachlorodibenzafuransr were selected for reguiacion in F02^ wastewaters
based on the detection of these SCAT List constituents in the scrubber water
residual, as well as their inherent toxicity.
6-11
-------
Table 6-1
STATUS OF BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
IN UNTREATED F024
Volatiles
222. Acetone X <0.05-2',OOO
1. Acetonitriie <0.5
2. Acrolein <0.5
3. Acrylonitrile <0.5
4. Benzene X <0.025-1,900
5. Broraodichloromethane X <0.025-7,260
6. Bromomethane <0.05*
223. n-3utyl alcohol NA
7. Carbon tetrachloride X <0.025-50,MOO
8. Carbon disulfide <0.025
9. Chlorobenzene X <0.025-3,200
10. 2-ChIoro-lr3-butadiene X <0.5-139,721
11. Chlorodibraoooethane <0.025
12. Chloroethane <0.05"
13. 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether NA
1U. Chloroform X <0.025-1,000
15. Chloromethane <0.05*
16. 3-Chloropropene X <0.5-285,486
17. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane <0.05
18. T,2-Dibrorooethane <0.025
19. Dibromomethane <0.025
20. trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene X <0.5-4,691
21. Dichiorodifluoromethane <0.05*
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane X <0.025-440,000
23. 1,2-Oichloroethane X <0.025-950,000
24. 1,1-Dichloroethylene <0.025
25. trans-1 ,-2-Dichloroethene NA
26. 1,2-Dichloropropane X <0.025-230,000
27. trans-1,3-Dichlaropropene X <0.025-290,000
28. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene X <0.025-160,000
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
• - Not detected in the untreated waste, but detected in the treatment
residual.
NA - Not analyzed.
6-12
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
STATUS OF BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
IN UNTREATED F024
BDAT
List
Constituent
Volatlles (Continued)
29.
1,4-Dioxane
< 1
224.
2-Ethoxyethanol
NA
225.
Ethyl acetate
NA
226.
Ethyl benzene
X
<0.025-230
30.
Ethyl cyanide
<20
227.
Ethyl ether
NA
31.
Ethyl methacrylate
<0.5
214.
Ethylene oxide
<2
32.
Iodomethane
<0.25
33.
Isobutyl alcohol
<1
228.
Methanol
NA
34.
Methyl ethyl ketone
X
<0.05-2,200
229.
Methyl isobutyl ketone
<0.05
35.
Methyl methacrylate
<0.5
37.
Methacrylonitrile
<0.5
38.
Methylene chloride
X
<1-1,900
230.
2-Nitropropane
NA
39.
Pyridine
<2
40.
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
X
<0.025-58,000
41 .
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
X
<0.025-16,000
42.
Tetrachloroethene
X
<1-47,200
43.
Toluene
X
<0.025-34,000
44.
Tr ibroinomethane
<0.025
45.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
X
<0.025-620
46.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
X
<0.025-92,000
47.
Tr i chloroethene
X
<0.025-81,800
48.
Trichlopomonofluoronethane
<1
49.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
X
<0.025-9,712
231.
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluaroethane
NA
50.
Vinyl chloride
X
<0.05-1,000
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
* - Not detected in the untreated waste, but detected In the treatment
residual.
NA - Not analyzed.
Concentration
Detection in Untreated F024
Status (mg/kg)
6-13
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
IN UNTREATED F024
BDAT Concentration
List Detection in Untreated F024
Constituent Status (rrg/kg)
Volatlles (Continued)
215. 1,2-Xylene <0.025
216. 1,3-Xyiene <0.025
217. 1,4-Xylene <0.025
Semivolatiles
51.
Acenaphthalene
<0.351
52.
Acenaphthene
<0.351
53.
Acetophenone
<1.76
54.
2-Acetylaminofluorene
<0.702
55.
4-Aminobiphenyl
<0.702
56.
Aniline
<0.351
57.
Anthracene
<172
58.
Aramite
<1.76
59.
Benz(a)anthracene
X
<24-0.888
218.
Benzal chloride
NA
60.
Benzenethiol
<0.702
62.
Benzo(a)pyrene
X
<0.351-0.60
63.
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
X
<24-0.716
64.
Benzo(ghi)perylene
X
<0.35T-0.42T
65.
Benzo( Ic) f luoranthene
X
<24-0.874
66.
p-Benzoquinone
<0.351
67.
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)oethane
<0.351
68.
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
X
<0.351-9,800
69.
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
<0.351
70.
Bis(2.-ethylhexyl )phthalate
X
<24-480
71.
4-Brooophenyl phenyl ether
<0.351
72.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
<0.351
73.
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
<1.76
74.
p-Chloroaniline
<0.351
75.
Chlorobenzilate
<0.702
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
* - Not detected in the untreated waste, but detected In the treatment
residual.
NA - Not analyzed.
6-14
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
STATUS OF BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
IN UNTREATED FC24
BDAT Concentration
List Detection in Untreated F024
Constituent Status (mg/kg)
Semivolatlles (Continued)
76.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
<0.351
77.
2-Chloronaphthalene
X
<0.351-260
78.
2-Chiorophenol
<0.351
79.
3-Chloropropionitrile
<0.702
80.
Chrysene
X
<24-1.06
81.
ortho-Cresol
<0.351
82.
para-Cresol
<0.351
232.
Cyclohexanone
NA
83.
Dibenz(afh)anthracene
<0.351
84.
D i benzo(a, e)pyrene
NA
85.
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
NA
86.
m-Q ichlorobenzene
X
<0.351-1,300
87.
o-Dichloroberizene
1
<0.35T-24,000
88.
p-Dichlorobenzene
X
<0.351-8,000
89.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
<1.76
90.
2,4-Dichlorophenol
<0.351
91.
2,6-D ichlorophenol
<0.702
92.
Diethyl phthalate
X.
<0.351-120
93.
3,3'-Dimethuiybenzidine
<0.702
94.
p-Dimethylam±noazobenzene
<0.702
95.
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
<0.702
96.
2,4-Dimethylphenol
<0.351
97.
Dimethyl phthalate
<0.351
98.
Di-n-butyl phthalate
<0.351
99.
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
<0.351
100.
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
<1.76
101.
2,4-Dinitrophenol
<1.76
102.
2,4-Din itrotoluene
<0.351
103.
2,6-Dinltrotoluene
<0.351
104.
Di-n-octyl phthalate
X
<0.351-34
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
# - Not detected in the untreated waste, but detected in the treatment
residual.
NA - Not analyzed.
6-15
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
STATUS OF BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
IN UNTREATED F024
3DAT
List
Constituent
Seaivolatlles (Continued)
105. Di-n-propylnitrosamine <0.351
106. Diphenylamine <0.702
219. Diphenyinitrosamine NA
107. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine <1.76
108. Fluoranthene <0.351
109. Fluorene <0.351
110. Hexachlorobenzene X <24-18,018
111. Hexachlorobutadiene X <0.351-16,470
112. Hexachlorocyclopentadierre X <0.351-1.3
113. Hexachloroethane X <0.351-460,000
114. Hexachlorophene NA
115. Hexachloropropeae <0.702
1^6. Indeno(1t2,3-cd)pyr«ne X <0.35t-0.4T?
117. Isosafrole <0.702
118. Methapyrilene <0.702
119. 3-Methylcholanthrene <0.702
120. 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroanili.ne) <0.702
36. Methyl methanesulfonate NA
121. Naphthalene X <24-330
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone <0.702
123- 1-Naphthylamine <1.76
124. 2-Naphthylamine <1.76
125. p-Nitroaniline <1.76
126. Nitrobenzene X <0.351-1.4
127. 4-Nitrophenol <1.76
128. n-Nitrosodi-n-toutylaarine <0.702
129. n-Nltrosodiethylamlne <0.351
130. n-Nitrosodimethylamine <0.351
131- n-Nitrosomethylethylanlne <0.351
132. n-Nitrosomorpholine <0.702
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
# - Not detected in the untreated waste, but detected in the treatment
residual.
NA - Not analyzed.
concentration
Detection in Untreated F024
Status (mg/kg)
6-16
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
STATUS OF BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
IN UNTREATED F024
BDAT Concentration
List Detection in Untreated F024
Constituent Status (xg/kg)
Semivolatiles (Continued)
133. n-Nitrosopiperidine <0.351
131*. n-Nitrosopyrrolidine <1.76
135. 5-Nitro-o-toluidine <1.76
136. Pentaohlorobenzene X <1.76-1,290
137. Pentachlaroethane X. <0.351-26,000
138. Pentachloronitrobenzene <3.51
139. Pentachlorophenol <1.76
140. Phenacetin <0.702
141. Phenanthrene X <24-1.27
142. Phenol <0.351
220. Phthalic anhydride <0.351
143. 2-Picoline NA
144. Pronanide <0.35*
145. Pyrene <0.702
1«6. Resorcinol <0.351
147. Safrole <0.351
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene <1.76
149. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol <0.702
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorotjeroene X <0.351-1,400
151. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol <1.76
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol <0.351
153. Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate <1.76
Metals
!54. Antimony X <1.8-2.2
155. Arsenic X <0.86-7.8
156. Barium - X 0.22-34
157. Beryllium <0.1*
158. Cadmium X <0.26-3.1
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
* - Not detected in the untreated waste, but detected in the treatment
residual.
NA - Not analyzed.
6-17
-------
Tabie 6-1 (Continued)
STATUS OF BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
IN UNTREATED F024
BDAT
List
Constituent
Metals (Continued)
159. Chromium (total) X <0.4-285
221. Chromium (hexavalent) <10
¦60. Copper X <0.4-800
161. Lead X <0.43-9.0
162. Mercury X <0.1-0.24
163. Nickel X <0.9-636
164. Selenium <0.5*
165. Silver <0.4
166. Thallium <10
167. Vanadium X <0.17-10
168. Zinc X 0.73-443
Inorganics
169. Cyanide X <0.43-4.57
170. Fluoride X <0.99-10.5
171. Sulfide X <4.6-349
Organochlorine pesticides NA
Phenoxyacetic acid herbicides Ml
Organophosphorous lrrsecticldes NA
PCBa
200. Aroelor 1016 <10
201. Aroelor 1221 <10
202. Aroelor 1232 <10
203. Aroelor 1242 <10
204. Aroelor 1248 <10
205. Aroelor 1254 <10
206. Aroelor 1260 <10
NOTE: The BDAT List pesticides were not expected to be seen in the F024
samples or treatment residuals and were therefore not analyzed for.
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
* - Not detected in the untreated waste, but detected in the treatment
residual.
NA - Not analyzed.
concentration
Detection in Untreated F024
Status (mg/kg)
6-18
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
STATUS OF BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
IN UNTREATED F024
BDAT
List
Constituent
Detection
Status
Concentration
in Untreated F024
(rcg/kg)
Dioxins and furans
207. Hexachlorodiber.zo-p-dioxins
208. Hexachiorodibenzofurans
209• Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
210. Pentachlorodibenzofurans
211. Tetrachlarodibenzo-p-dioxins
212. Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
213. 2,317,8-Tetrachlorod iber.zo-p-d iox in
(ug/kg)
<0.0005-10
<0.0007-50
<0.0005-2
<0.0005-30
<0.03
<0.0002-10
<0.03
X - Indicates that a constituent was quantified at or above its detection
limit in one or more untreated F024 samples.
6-19
-------
Table 6-2
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION*
IN F024 NONWASTEWATERS AFTER INITIAL SCREENING
222.
Acetone
4.
Benzene
5.
Bromodichloromethane
7.
Carbon tetrachloride
9.
Chlorobenzene
10.
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
14.
Chloroform
16.
3-Chloropropene
20.
trans-1P4-Dichloro-2-butene
21.
Dichlorodifluorotne thane
22.
1,1-Dichloroethane
23.
1,2-Dichloroethane
26.
1,2-Diehloropropane
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
28.
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
226.
Ethyl benzene
34.
Methyl ethyl ketone
38.
Methylene chloride
40.
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41.
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42.
Tetrachloroethene
43.
Toluene
45.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47.
Tr ichloroefchene
49.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
50.
Vinyl chloride
68.
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
77.
2-Chloronaphthalene
86.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
87.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
88.
1r4-Dichlorobenzene
92.
Diethyl phthalate
aAll constituents on this list were detected in F024 and were either selected
for regulation (as shown in Table 6-4) or are believed to be controlled by
regulation of another consitituent.
6-20
-------
Table 6-2 (Continued)
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION*
IN F024 NONWASTEWATERS AFTER INITIAL SCREENING
104.
Di-n-octyl phthalate
110.
Hexachlorobenzene
111.
Hexachlorobutadiene
112.
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
113.
Hexachloroethane
121.
Naphthalene
126.
Nitrobenzene
136.
Pentachlorobenzene
137.
Pentachlo roe t han e
141.
Phenanthrene
150.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
169.
Cyanide
207.
Hexachlorodiben2o-p-dioxins
208.
Hexachlorod ibenzofurans
209.
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
210.
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
212.
Tetrachlorodlbenzofuraas
aAll constituents on this list were detected in F024 and were either selected
for regulation (as shown in Table 6-4) or are believed to be controlled by
regulation of another conaltltupnf,.
6-21
-------
Table 6-3
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION*
• IN F024 WASTEWATERS AFTER INITIAL SCREENING
222.
Acetone
4.
3enzene
5.
Bromodichloromethane
6.
Bromomethane
7.
Carbon tetrachloride
9.
Chlorobenzene
10.
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
12.
Chloroethane
14.
Chloroform
15.
Chloromethane
16.
3-Chloropropene
20.
trans-1r4-Dichloro-2-butene
21.
Dichlorodifluoromethane
22.
1 f 1-Dichloroethane
23.
1,2-Dichioroethane
26.
1,2-Dichloropropane
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropena
28.
eis-1,3-Dichloropropene
226.
Ethyl benzene
34.
Methyl ethyl ketone
38.
Methylene chloride
40.
t,T,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41.
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42.
Tetrachloroe thene
43-
Toluene
45.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47.
Trichloroethene
49.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
50.
Vinyl chloride
68.
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
77.
2-Chloronaphthalene
aAll constituents on this list were detected In F024 and were either selected
for regulation (as shown in Table 6-5) or are believed to be controlled by
regulation of another constituent.
6-22
-------
Table 6-3 (Continued)
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS FURTHER CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION*
IN FC24 WASTEWATERS AFTER INITIAL SCREENING
86.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
87.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
88.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
92.
Diethyl phthalate
104.
Di-n-octyl phthalate
110.
Hexachlorobenzene
111.
Hexachlorobutadiene
112.
ttaxachlorocyclopentadiene
113.
Hexachloroethane
121.
Naphthalene
126.
Nitrobenzene
136.
Pentachlorobenzene
137.
Pentaehloroethane
141.
Phenanthrene
150.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151.
Antimony
155.
Arsenic
158.
Cadmium
159.
Chromium (total)
161.
Lead
162.
Mercury
163.
Nickel
164.
Selenium
169.
Cyanide
207.
Hexarfilorodibenzo-p-dioxins
208.
Hexachlorod ibenzofurans
209.
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
210.
PentachlorodIbenzofurans
212.
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
aAll constituents on this list were detected in F024 and were either selected
for regulation (as shown in Table 6-5) or are believed to be controlled by
regulation of another constituent.
6-23
-------
Table 6-4
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
IN F024 NONWASTEWATERS
10. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
16. 3-Chloropropene
22. 1,1-Dichloroetharie
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
26. 1,2-Dichloropropane
27. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
28. ci_s-1,3-Diehloraprapene
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
113. Hexachloroethane
207. Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
208. Hexaciilorodibenzofurana
209- Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
210. Pentachlorodibenzofurans
212. Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
6-21
-------
Table 6-S
CONTROL OF CONSTITUENTS DELETED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION FOR REGULATION
3V CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN F024 NONWASTEUATERS
BDAT Hit Constituent Deleted from
Further Consideration for
BOAT l_t*f Constituent
Stt I ec t ad
lor
at
% on (Bu»
1
Point)
RtuulslIan (Sot 1tnQ Point)
a a c p
e
_£_
_ -fi_
J!
_!_
J
K
. k.._
y
N
50.
Vinyl chloride (-I3.37°C)
X x X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
38.
Methylene chloride (39_7S°C)
X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
222.
Acetone (!6.S°C)
XX*
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14.
Chloroform (6I-62°C)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
45.
1,1, l-lrIch1 oroethane (74-74-1°C)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
7 .
Carbon tetrachloride (76.7-77°C)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
34.
Methyl athyl ketone (79.6°C)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4.
l)fniene (80°C|
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
K
X
X
47.
trIchloroathane (86.7-87°C)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5.
BropodtchloroMthane (9Q°C)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
43.
Taluana (I10.6°C)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
46.
1,1.2-Irlchloroethene ( I »3-114DC)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
42.
T«tr«chlorotthint {121 C)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
9.
Chlorobaniana yl|phth°C)
j - 207. HeiachIorpdtbanto~p-dlo*Ins (400-500°C)
K - 208. HtiKChlQrodltiioisfurtnl (40D-60U°C)
t " 209. P»nl»ch|8rodlb»nio-p-«Jloilni (400~500°C)
H - 210. l*entsch|orodtb«riiafurans (400-S00 C)
N - 2)2. Tatrachlorodlbentofurans (400-S>00°C)
X - Indicates EPA'a belief that |he constituent delated tron further conaldaratIon for regulation -ill ue
-------
Table 6-5 (Continued)
CONTROL OF CONSTITUENTS DELETED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION FOR REGULATION
BY CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN F021 NONWASTEWATERS
BOAT Ltst Constituent Deleted fro*
Further ContI darat I On for
Haflu l«t Ion (BotMntt
126. Nltrobemene (210-211°C)
111. H(i«chlarobutidltn« (2t0-220°C)
150. I,2.4-XrIcftlorobanxena (2I$°C)
121. Naphthalan* (21 7.8-2l»°C>
112. arocyc lop*ntidl«n« <234°C)
77. }-(hlDron*phthil(n| {25fi°C>
136. P*ntachlorobtnitna (275-27I°C)
92. Qlathyl phthalata (298°C(
MO. Ha«achiorot»nz«na (323-326°C)
141. PhtnanthrAna (340°C)
104. Dt-n-octyl phthalata (38b°C)
BOAT list Constituent S«
on» t
37
I ec t ad t oi
_t_ Jk-
llegiiljl ion (Boilnnj 1>o i n i )
1
J
X
L
M
H
H
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
KEY;
A - 16.
3-Ch1oropropana (44-^5°C)
H -
1 13
a - 72.
1,1-Olchloro«lh«n» (57-57. 3°C)
I -
10
C - 10.
2-Chloro- 1.3-bwt«dlaft# <59.4°CJ
J -
207
0 - 23.
1,2-Dtchlorotlhant (83B4°C)
K -
208
£ - 26.
1,2-Olchloroprapana <96.4°C>
1- -
2Gtt
f - 28.
ci»-1,3-Dichloroprop«n« (IQ0°C)
M -
210
U - 27.
tram- % , 3-Olchloroprop«n« ( 11 2°CI
N -
212
Heaachloroethane (186 g-lfl?°CI
BU(2 -ilhylh*>yl)phthal«te (386°C )
Heaachlorodlbenio-p-dlot ins (400-Sl)U°C )
HaiachlorQdIbanxafurant (400"500DC)
Pentacntarodtbenzo-p~dio> Int (400-bO0uL )
Puntachlofodlbanzofuranft (40Q 50Q°C)
letrechlorodlbentofurans (400-bOU"l )
lodlcalas CPA's belief that the comtlluenl delated from further consideration for regulation «' I I be
-------
Table 6-6
BDAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
IN F024 WASTEWATERS
10. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
16. 3-Chloropropene
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
26. 1,2-Dichloropropane
27. trans-i,3-Dichloropropene
28. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
70. BLs{2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
113. Hexachloroethane
159- Chromium (total)
163. Nickel
207. Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
208. Hexachlorodibenzofurans
209. Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxina
210. Pentachlorodibenzofurana
212.. Taf.raoh 1 nmtj t h»ny.nfnran ^
6-27
-------
Table 6-7
CONTROL OF CONSTITUENTS DELETED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION FOR REGULATION
BY CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN F021 WASTEWATERS
BUAT Hat ConttHu«nt Oa|atad froa
Furthtr Consideration for
Raaulatlon (Bond OUtociat Ion fcnarbv)
7. Carbon latrichlarlda (320 kcal/ula)
5. Bro«aodtchloroaMthana (330 kcal/aola)
14. Chlorofora (340 kcal/nola)
38. Ha|hyl(nt chloride (360 kcel/aole)
42. Telrachloroelhene (465 kcal/aola)
47. Trlth1aroath>n> (465 hell/Mil)
50. Vinyl chloride (525 kcal/teole)
137. Pentachloroethane (585 kca|/*ole)
40. I,I,l,2-Tetrachloroathana (60S kcal/
aole)
41. I,I.2.2-Tatrtchl«ro«th(n* (605 kcal/
no la)
45. I.I.I-TrIchI oroatnana (625 hcal/«ol«)
46. I.I,2-TrIchI oroatnana (625 kcal/aola)
111. Ha«achlorobutadlana (855 kcal/aola)
49. I.2.3"TrIchIoroprapana (910 kcal/no I*)
222. Acetone (945 kcal/aola)
112. H***chIorocycI opentadlane (1.025 kcal/
•ola)
20. trani~1.4-0IchIoro-2-butana (1.075
kcal /taola)
34. Mtthyl ethyl katona (1,230 kcal/aola)
68. Ota(2-chloroathyI)ather (1,290 kcal/
aola)
86. I.^-Dlchlorobantene (1,295 kcal/aola)
8PAT List Constituent Selectaa tor RtguldiIon (Pong Uissof uiIon Enartfy) _
B C P E f Q H I J W L M N
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
N
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
II
X
X
K
*
%
H
K
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
K
KEY
A "
1 13
a -
2?
c -
23
D -
2?
t -
28
F "
»«
G "
26
X -
ln<4
con
Ha¦ achI oroe thana (565 kcal/mola)
1.1-Dlchloroathane (57-67.3°C>
1.2-DIchIoroathana (645 kcal/aola)
Irani-I,3-DIchIoropropana (790 kcal/mol
ela-1.3-0IchIsropropana (I0B°C)
3-ChIoroprapane (BIO kcal/aola)
I,2-Otchloropropance (930 kcal/nola
H - 10. 2-Chloro-l ,3-butaillena (9b5 kc«sl/mole)
I - 20B. HaanchIDrodlbanzoluram (400_500°t. I
J - 210. Pen|achlorodlbenzofur
I be A(le(|udl f I y
-------
Table 6-7 (Continued)
CONTROL Of CONSTITUENTS DELETED FHOM FURTHER CONSIDERATION FOR REGULATION
BY CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN F02«J WASTEWATERS
BOAT 1 1st rorifti I tu«nt Delated fro*
Fur tber Contidarat ifln for BOA T I 1st Constituent Salactad for ftw9ul.1t ion (Bnmt O' ssoc 1^1 Ion fnwQy)
Baaulat Ion (Bond Plnoct»Hon tnarav) A B C P E F _M 1 j K
67. 1,2 OIchIorobenzene (1,295 kcal/aola)
68. 1.4-Olchlorob«n*ene (I.29B kcal/aola)
110. H««achlorobaniana (1,306 kCBl/aola)
136. PantacnIorobenzene (1,310 kcal/aola)
150. I,J,4-Tr1chlorob«nj#na (1,320 heal/
•ola)
9. Chlorobeniene (1.330 kcal/autla)
4. Benzene (1,340 kcal/eiola)
126. Nitrobenzene (1.435 heal/no la)
43. Toluana (1.620 kcal/aola)
226. Ethyl banzana (1,905 kcal/aiola)
77. 2CM oronapti tha I ana (2. MS kcal/aola)
121, Naphthilana (2,120 kcal/aola)
141. Phananthrana (2,900 kcal/aola)
92. Otathyl phthalata (3.145 kcal/aola)
104. Ol-n-octyl ptithalata (6.565 kcal/aola)
L_
M
N
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
*
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X'
MEV;
A -
1 13.
0 -
2|.
c -
?S.
0 -
27.
i -
2#.
f -
»#.
G -
2C.
haacM oroathana (565 kcal/mola) H - 10.
1.1-Dlchloroethane (645 kcal/aola) I - 20B.
I , 2 01 cn 1 oroathana (645 kcal/aola) J - 2 11).
t rim- 1.3-OtchIoropropana (790 kcal/mola) H - 212.
cia-I,3-Dlcnloropropana (790 kcal/aola) 4. - 207.
3-Chioropropana (BIO kcal/aola) N " 209.
1.2-0ichIoropropana (930 kcal/aola) N - 70.
2-Ch|oro-I,3-but*dlene (955 kcal/itiole)
Heaachlorodlbenipfurans (96U kcal/molel
Pantacfiloroditaenjofurana I960 kcal/molel
Tetracftlorodlbenzofurans (I.OUll kcal/mole)
Hexaclilorodlbenzo-p-dloiiIns (2.4/0 kcal/aule)
Pantacnlorodlbamo-p-dloi Ins (2.49(1 kral/mule)
Bts( 7-#l hy Ihany I (ptillii lata (6.465 feral/mole)
X - Indicates CPA's ballaf that lha constituent del a tad hum luithar consideration for regulation wilt be adequately
coolrollad by regulation of the Indicated constituent selected tor regulation.
•The 100 kcal/aola difference Dataaan di-n-octyl ptithalata and bIs(2-athylha*yI)phtnaI at a Is oal i«»au in lie -itiim ih« accuracy ul
the BDE calculation; therefore, the Ayancy expects that Ol-n-octyl phthalata *111 be controlled by reynUliun ul
b t s( 2-ethy ll»b»y I )phtha I ate.
6 -4 ^
-------
-------
7.0
CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The Agency bases treatment standards for constituents on the per-
formance of well-designed and well-operated BDAT treatment systems. These
standards must account for analytical limitations in available treatment
performance data, and the data must be adjusted for variability related to
treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures.
BDAT treatment standards are determined for each constituent by
multiplying the arithmetic mean of accuracy-adjusted constituent concentra-
tions detected in treated waste by a "variability factor" specific to each
constituent in a treatment performance data. aet. tccurany adjustment of
treatment performance data was discussed in Section 5.0 in relation to defin-
ing "substantial treatment." Variability factors correct for normal varia-
tions in the performance of a particular technology over time and are designed
to reflect the 99th percentile level of performance that the technology
achieves in commercial operation. (For more information on the principles of
calculating variability factors, see EPA's Methodology for Developing BDAT
Treatment Standards (Reference 1).)
In cases where CPA has identified BDAT for a particular waste, but
cannot define specific concentration-based treatment standards for that waste
because of data limitations or for some other compelling reason, the Agency
can require the use of that treatment technology as the BDAT treatment stan-
dard. Similarly, where there are no known generators of a waste, or where EPA
7-1
-------
believes that the waste can be totally recycled or reused as a raw material,
the Agency may specify a "no land disposal" standard, which effectively means
establishing a treatment standard of zero for all BDAT List constituents.
In Section 5.0, the best demonstrated available technology for
treatment of F024 was selected based on available treatment performance data.
In Section 6.0, the regulated constituents were selected to ensure effective
treatment of F02*J. TFie purpose of Section 7.0 is to calculate treatment
standards for each of these constituents using the available treatment perfor-
mance data from the BDAT treatment technologies. A step-by-step discussion of
the calculation of treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms
of F024 is included in this section.
Rotary kiln incineration followed by stabilization of incinerator
ash and chemical precipitation fallowed by vacuum filtration of scrubber water
was determined to be BDAT for F024 (Section 5.0). Rotary Iciln incineration
generally results in the generation of two treatment residuals: ash (a
nonwastewater form of F021) and combustion gas scrubber water (a wastewater
form of F024). The best measure of performance for a destruction technology
such as rotary kiln Incineration is the total amount of constituent remaining
after treatnent.- Therefore, BDAT treatment standards for organic constituents
were calculated based on total constituent concentration data. BDAT treatment
standards for metal constituents in F02*4 nonwastewater residuals are being
reserved by the Agency in the Second-Thirds promulgated rule and will instead
be proposed as part of the Third-Thirds proposed rule so that sufficient
7-2
-------
time is provided for notice and comment on revisions based on results obtained
from the stabilization of FQ24 incinerator ash. &DAT treatment standards for
metal constituents in FQ24 wasteswater residuals were calculated based on
treatment performance data from K062 mixed with other metal-bearing
characteristic wastes. BOAT treatment standards for dioxin and furan
constituents are set at the analytical detection limit that can be routinely
achieved for these constituents, consistent with the dioxins rule promulgated
by the Agency on November 8, T986 (51 Federal Register. 40572, 40638).
7.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of F024
T.I.1 BPAT List Organlea
The treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of F024 were calcu-
lated using treatment performance data from rotary kiln incineration of F024.
Table T-T presents the concentrations of organic constituents In the treatment
residual (ash) resulting fron. rotary Iriln incineration of F024. Concentra-
tions are presented for only those constituents used to develop treatment
standards for constituents in F024 nonwastewaters, as discussed further in
this subsection. The concentration data presented in Table 7-1 have been
corrected for -accuracy to account for analytical recovery, as described in
Section 5.0.
The treatment standards for F024 nonwastewaters were calculated for
organic constituents being regulated in F024, as shown in Table 7-2. The
following three steps were used to calculate the treatment standards:
7-3
-------
Table 7-1
CORRECTED C0NCEH7RATT0N DATA FOR ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
IN ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR ASH FROM TREATMENT OF F024
Corrected Concentration3
in the Treated Waste
BDAT List
Constituent
Volatiles
Total Composition (mg/kg)
Sample Set
±
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
Semivolatiles
70. Bis{2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
113. He xachlor oethaaa
0.632
0.632
0.632
0.632
0.666
0.666
0.632
Q.632
0.632
0.632
0.632
0.622
Constituent concentrations have been adjusted for accuracy to account for
analytical recoveries ("corrected"), as discussed In. Section 5.0.
7-4
-------
Table 7-2
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F02<4 NONWASTEWATERS
Constituent
Organlcs
(Total Compos 1tton)
10. 2-Ch loro- t , S-butpdtene'®
16. 3-Chloropropene"
22. 1,1-Dlchloroethftne
23. 1,2-Dtchloroethane
26. 1,2-D1chloropropanab
27. trans-1.3-D1chloropropenec
28. c1a-1.3-DIchloropropene"
70. Bta(2-ethylheKyl)phthel-
ata
113. HexachIoroethane
F024 Constituent
Froai Which
Treatment Performance
Datp Ware
Traoaferred
NA
HA
t,2~01ch|oroethane
HA
1.1.2-Trlch|oroethane
1,1,2-Tr1ch|oroathane
1.1.2-Trlch|oroathane
HA
NA
Ar I thinet tc
Average of
Corrected
Treatment Waives
(ppro)
0.101
0.101
0 .005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0 005
0.63
V«ll I at) I I I I y
Factor
(VF)
2.8
2 a
T ruatment
Standard*
(Average i
(ppm)
VF)
0.63
2.a
0. 26
0. 28
0.014
0.014
0.014
U.0I4
0.014
1 B
1 B
Note: The treatment standard for BOAT List dloxlns and fur»ns In F024 Is 1 ppb. Thta represents the analytical
detection limit that can be routinely achieved for these constituents by laboratories 1n the United States, consistent
¦1th the dloilni rule promulgated by the Agency on November 8, 1906 (51 Federal Register. 40572. 40636).
NA - Not applicable.
"The values shoain In this table for treatment standards have been rounded off to shoa significant figures only.
bThl» tonatltuent was found In a liquid form of F024. »Mch was incinerated In the secondary combustor, and therefore did not
contribute to the kiln ash residual.
-------
(1) The arithmetic average of the accuracy-corrected concentrations
for each regulated constituent in the untreated waste was
calculated using the data presented in Table 7-1.
(2) Using the same data, a variability factor (discussed in EPA's
Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards) was
calculated that represents the variability inherent in the
performance of the treatment system, the collection of treated
samples, and the analysis of samples. Where concentrations in
the treated waste were reported as less than or equal to the
detection limit for all the data points in the data set,
variability is still expected, since the actual concentrations
could range from zero to the detection limit. In these cases,
the Agency assumed a Lognormai distribution of da£a points
between the detection limit and a value one-tenth of the
detection limit and then calculated a variability factor of
2.8.
(3) The treatment standard for each constituent being regulated was
calculated by multiplying the arithmetic average of the
accuracy-corrected concentrations (step (1) above) by the
variability factor (step (2) above).
As explained In Section 6.0, regulated constituents were selected
based on all available F024 characterization data. However, treatment perfor-
mance data were not available from treatment of F024 for some regulated
organic constituents because not all of these regulated constituents were
detected in the F021! that was treated by rotary kiln incineration and sampled
by EPA. Where treatment performance data were not available for a regulated
organic constituent, treatment performance data were transferred to the
organic constituent from another organic constituent that was detected in the
untreated F02fr sampled by EPA, based on the boiling points of the constitu-
ents. (Boiling point (bp) is a waste characteristic that affects the perfor-
mance of rotary kiln incineration, as discussed in EPA's Treatment Technology
Background Document (Reference 1). Appendix C of this background document for
F024 presents detailed information on this waste characteristic.) The
7-6
-------
constituent with the same or the next highest boiling point for which the
Agency had treatoent performance data from rotary kiln incineration of F024
was selected for transfer of treatment performance data to the constituent for
which there was no treatment performance data. Cases where such a transfer of
data occurred are summarized below and appear in Table 7-2, which shows the
calculations of the treatment standards for F024 nonwastewaters.
Five of the organic constituents (2-chloro-7,3-butadiene; 3-chloro-
propene; 1,2-dichloropropane; trans-1,3-dichloropropene; and cis-1,3-dichloro-
propene) were detected in an F024 liquid. Liquid wastes were incinerated in a
secondary combustor, and as such did not contribute to the kiln ash residual.
Thus, treatoent standards for these constituents were oaiwiia^ Ka»ai< on
treatment performance data transferred from constituents detected in a solid
form of untreated F024, since solid wastes were incinerated in the rotary kiln
and contributed to the kiln ash residual.
7-7
-------
2-Chloro-1.3-butadiene
The treatment standard for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene (bp 59.4°C) was
determined based on the 0.1 ppm detection limit for this constituent. The
treatment standard was not based on data transferred from treatment of
1,2-dichloroethane (bp 83-84°C), as may be expected from the methodology
described in this section, because the detection limit for 2-chloro-1,3-
butadiene is two orders of magnitude greater than the detection limit for
1,2-dichloroethane (0.005 ppm). Calculating a treatment standard based on
1,2-dichloroethane would yield a value of 0.014 ppm, which is below the
analytical detection limit for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene.
3-Chloropropene
The treatment standard for 3-cblaropropene (bp 44-45°C) was
determined based on the 0.T ppn detection limit for this constituent. The
treatment standard was not based on data transferred from treatment of
1,2-dichloroethane (bp 83-84°C), as may be expected from the methodology
described in this section, because the detection limit for 3-chloropropene Is
two orders of magnitude greater than the detection limit for 1,2-
-------
1.1-Diehloroethane
',1-Dichloroethane was not found in the FQ2M that was treated by
rotary kiln incineration and sampled by EPA. The treatment standard for
1,1-diehloroethane (bp 57-57.3°C) is based on data transferred from treatment
of 1,2-dichloroethane (bp 83-84°C). The Agency expects that 1,1-diehloro-
ethane can be treated to concentrations as low as or lower than 1,2-dichloro-
ethane.
1,2-Dichlorooropane
The treatment standard for 1,2-dichloropropane (bp 96.4°C) is based
on data transferred from treatment of 1,1,2-trichloroethane (bp 1T3-11U°C).
The Agency expects that 1,2-dichloropropane can be treated to concentrations
as low as or lower than 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
The treatment standard for trans-1,3-dichloropropene (bp 112°C) is
based on data transferred from treatment of 1,1,2-trichloroethane (bp
113-11^°C). The Agency expects that trans-1,3-dichloropropene can be treated
to concentrations as low as or lower than 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
7-9
-------
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
The treatment standard for cis-1,3-dichloropropene (bp 108°C) is
based on data transferred from treatment of 1,1,2-trichloroethane (bp
113-11H°C). The Agency expect3 that cis-1,3-dichloropropene can be treated to
concentrations as low as or lower than 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
7.1.2 BDAT List Metals
The Agency has recently completed an analysis of TCLP extracts
obtained from the stabilization of F024 incinerator ash residues. The results
of this analysis show substantial reduction of metals in TCLP extracts
following stabilization. Therefore, the Agency has decided to reserve the
final treatment standards for metals in F024 nonwastewaters in the Second
Thirds promulgated rule. The Agency will instead propose revised treatment
standards for metals in F024 nonwastewaters based on the F024 stabilization
results as part of the Third Third proposed rule so that sufficient time is
provided for notice and comment on these revisions.
7.1.3 BDAT List Dloxlns and Furans
The treatment standard for dioxins and furans in F024 nonwastewaters
is 1 ppb. This standard represents the analytical detection limit that can be
routinely achieved by laboratories in the United States, consistent with the
dioxins rule promulgated on November 8, 1986 (51 Federal Register, 40572,
40638).
7-10
-------
7.2
Calculation of Treatment Standards for Wastewater Fores of F024
7.2.1 BPAT List Organics
The treatment standards for wastewater forms of F02U were calculated
using treatment performance data from rotary kiln incineration of F024. Table
7-3 presents the concentrations of organic constituents in the treatment
residual (scrubber water) resulting from rotary kiln incineration of F024.
Concentrations are presented for only those constituents used to develop
treatment standards for constituents in F024 wastewaters, as discussed further
in this subsection. The concentration data presented in Table 7-3 have been
corrected for accuracy to account for analytical recovery, as described in
Section 5.0.
The treatment standards for F024 wastewaters were calculated for
organic constituents being regulated in F024, as shown in Table 7-4. The
following three steps were used to calculate the treatment standards:
(1) The arithmetic average of the accuracy-corrected concentrations
for each regulated constituent in the untreated waste was
calculated using the data presented in Table 7-3.
(2) Using the same data, a variability factor (discussed in Appen-
dix A of this document) was calculated that represents the
variability inherent in the performance of the treatment
system, the collection of treated samples, and the analysis of
samples. Where concentrations in the treated waste were
reported as less than or equal to the detection limit for all
the data points in the data set, variability is still expected,
since the actual concentrations could range from zero to the
detection limit. In these cases, the Agency assumed a
lognormal distribution of data points between the detection
limit and a value one-tenth of the detection limit and then
calculated a variability factor of 2.8.
7-11
-------
Table 7-3
. CORRECTED CONCENTRATION DATA FOR ORGANICS AND
METALS IN COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER WATER FROM TREATMENT OF F024
BDAT List
Constituent
Corrected Concentration3
in the Treated Waste
Total Composition (mg/1)
Sample Set
_L
Volatiles
10.
2-Chloro-1-3-butadiene
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
16.
3-Chloropropene
0.101
0.101
0.101
0.101
0. 101
0.101
23.
1,2-Dichloroethane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
26.
1,2-Dichloropropane
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
28.
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
Semivolatiles
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
113. Hexachloroethane
Metals'3
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
159- Chromium (total)
163. Nickel
0.22
0.39
0.18
0.36
0.26
0.42
Constituent concentrations have been adjusted for accuracy to account for
analytical recoveries ("corrected"), as discussed in Section 5.0.
bThese data are from the line and sulfide precipitation followed by vacuum
filtration treatment of K062 mixed with other metal-bearing characteristic
wastes.
7-12
-------
Table 7-1
CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR F024 WASTEWATERS
R«qu1 ated Const 1tuent
Organ 1cs
(Total Compos1tIon)
F024 Constituent
From Which
Treatment Performance
Data Were
1ranqferred
Ar1thmetlc
Aviraofl of
Corrected
Treatment Values
(ppm)
Var i ^1} I I i t y
Factor
(VF)
Treatment
Standarda
(Average x vr)
(ppm)
1
10. 2-ChIoro-1,3-butad1ene
16. 3~Chloroprop«ne
22, 1,1-D1chloroethane
23. 1.2-01chIoroathane
26. 1,2-01ch1oropropane
27. trans-1,3 D IchI oropropene
28. c1s-I.3-DIchloroproponu
70. BIs(2-ethyI he«yI)phthat-
ate
113. HexachIoroethane
NA
N*
,2-01chIoroethane
NA
HA
NA
NA
NA
NA
101
101
il(15
005
005
005
005
0.013
0.013
2.8
2.8
7 8
2.8
0. 28
0. 28
0 014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
U.036
O . 036
Regulated Constituent
Metals
(Total Composition)
1S9. Chromium (total)
163. Ntctaal
K062 Constituent
From Which
Treatment Performance
Data Were
Transferred
Chromium (total)
Nickel
Ar i thmet Ic
Average of
Ccii'r hc t ml
Treatment Values
(PP1")
0. 221
0.387
Var i ah i1 i ky
Fac tor
(VF)
1 .bB
1.21
Treatment
Standard3
(Average * VF)
(ppm)
0 . 35
0.47
Note: The treatment standard for BOAT List dloxlna and furans 1n F024 Is I ppb. This represents the analytical
detection limit that can be routinely achieved for these constituents by laboratories 1n the United States, consistent
with the dloains rule promulgated by the Agency on November 8. 1986 (51 Federal Register. 40572, 4QK30).
NA - Not applicable.
aThe values shown In this table for treatment standards have been rounded off to show significant figures only.
-------
(3) The treatment standard for each constituent being regulated was
calculated by multiplying the arithmetic average of the accu-
racy-corrected concentrations (step (1) above) by the variabil-
ity factor (step (2) above).
As discussed in Section 6.0r regulated constituents were selected
based on all available FQ24 characterization data. However, treatment perfor-
mance data were not available from treatment of FQ24 for some regulated
organic constituents because not all of the regulated constituents were
detected in the F024 that was treated by rotary kiln incineration and sampled
by EPA. Where treatment performance data were not available for a regulated
organic constituent, treatment performance data were transferred to the
organic constituent from another organic constituent that was detected in the
untreated F024 sampled by EPA, based on the bond dissociation energies of the
constituents. (Bond dissociation energy (8DE) is a waste characteristic that
affects the performance of rotary kiln incineration, as discussed in EPA's
Treatment Technology Background Document (Reference 1). Appendix C of this
background document for F024 presents detailed information on this waste
characteristic.) The constituent with the same or the closest bond dissocia-
tion energy for which the Agency had treatment data from rotary kiln incinera-
tion of F024 was selected for transfer of treatment performance data to the
constituent for which there was no treatment performance data. The case in
which such a transfer of data occurred is summarized below and appears in
Table 7-4, which shows the calculations of the treatment standards for F024
wastewaters.
7-14
-------
1.1-Dichloroethane
1,1-DichIoroethane was not found in the F024 that was treated by
rotary kiln incineration and sampled by EPA. The treatment standard for
1,1-diohloroethane (BDE 645 kcal/mole) is based on data transferred from
treatment of 1,2-dichloroethane (BDE 645 kcal/mole). The Agency expects that
1.1-dichloroethane can be treated to concentrations as low as or lower than
1.2-dichloroethane.
7.2.2 BDAT List Metals
The Agency has no treatment performance data for metals in F024
wastewaters. The treatment standards for metal constituents in F024 waste-
waters were based on treatment performance data transferred from the lime and
sulfide precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of K062 mixed with other
metal-bearing characteristic wastes. The Agency believes that wastewater
residuals from K062 mixed with other metal-bearing characteristic wastes are
sufficiently similar to F024 wastewater residuals such that treatment perfor-
mance data can be transferred. Treatment performance data for each metal
constituent being regulated in F024 wastewaters were transferred from K062
mixed with other metal-bearing characteristic wastes to F024.
The concentrations of metal constituents in the wastewater residual
following the lime and sulfide precipitation and vacuum filtration of K062
mixed with other metal-bearing characteristic wastes are presented in Table
7-15
-------
7-3. These concentration data have been corrected for accuracy to account for
analytical recovery, as described in Section 5.0.
The F024 wastewater treatment standards were calculated for the
regulated metal constituents, as shown in Table 7-4. These calculations are
consistent with the methodology previously described in this section for BDAT
List organic constituents.
7.2.3 BDAT List Dioxins and Furans
The treatment standard for dioxins and furans in F024 wastewaters is
1 ppb. This standard represents the analytical detection limit that can be
routinely achieved by laboratories in the United States, consistent with the
dioxins rule promulgated on November 8, 1986 (51 Federal Register. 40572,
40638).
F024 3D-3
1111-01.ver.16
7-16
-------
8.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Radian Corporation, under Contract No.
68-01-7053. Mr. James Berlow, Chief, Waste Treatment 3ranch, served as the
EPA Program Manager for the BDAT program. Mr. Jerry Vorbach served as the
project manager for F021J regulatory development. Mr. Steven Silverman served
as EPA legal advisor.
The following personnel from Versar, Inc. and Radian Corporation
were involved in preparing this document: Mr. Jerome Strauss, Program Man-
ager, Versar; Mr. Stephen Schwartz, Senior Technical Reviewer, Versar; Ms.
Lori Stoll, Project Director, Radian; and the Radian engineering team, Ms.
Jeanr.e Holmes and Ms. Chrisanti Haretos.
The F024 treatment test was executed at the ENSCO facility in El
Dorado, Arkansas by Radian Corporation. Field sampling and laboratory coordi-
nation was conducted under the leadership of Ms. Jeanne Holmes of Radian. In
addition, the sampling team consisted of the following people: Ms. Chrisanti
Haretos, Mr. Mark Hereth, Ms. Christina Hong, Ms. Deborah Matthews, Ms. Wendy
Rovansek, Ms. Lori Stoll, and Ms. Heidi Welner, all of Radian; and Mr. Jim
Morgan of Versar. We greatly appreciated the assistance of Mr. Charles Lamb
and Mr. Melvyn Bell of ENSCO, along with that of the following companies:
DuPont Chemical, Shell Chemical, Velsicol Chemical, Vista Chemical, and Vulcan
Chemical.
8-1
-------
In addition, we appreciated the cooperation of the individual
companies who submitted waste characterization data to the U.S. EPA on this
waste code.
8-2
-------
9.0
REFERENCES
1. U.S. EPA. Methodology for Developing 3DAT Treatment Standards. Decem-
ber, 1988.
2. SRI International. 1987 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States of
America. SRI International, Menlo Park, California, 1987.
3. U.S. EPA. Final Plant Report - LCP Chemicals, West Virginia, Inc.,
Mour.dsville. West Virginia. October U, 1982.
U.S. EPA. Analytical Data Report - Dow Chemical USA. Texas Division.
January 11, 1988.
5. U.S. EPA. Analytical Data Report - PPG Industries. Inc.. Lake Charles.
Louisiana. April 20, 1988.
6. U.S. EPA. Analytical Data Report - Formosa Plastics. Baton Rouge.
Louisiana. April 20, 1988.
7. U.S. EPA. Analytical Data Report - Borden Chemical. Gelsmar, Louisiana.
April 20, 19557
8. U.S. EPA. Final Plant Report - Vulcan Materials Company, Geismar.
Louisiana. November 19, 1981.
9. PPG Industries, Inc. PPG's response to RCRA Section 3007 Questionnaire.
February 18, 1983.
10. U.S. EPA. Final Plant Report - Dow Chemical USA. Louisiana Division.
Plaquemine. Louisiana. September 10, 1982.
11. U.S. EPA. Draft Listing Background Document for C1-C5 Chlorinated
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Production Utilizing Free Radical Catalyzed Pro-
cesses. February 10, 1984.
12. U.S. EPA. Final Plant Report - FMC Corporation. Baltimore. Maryland.
September 10, 1982.
13. U.S. EPA. Final Plant Report - Denka Chemical Corporation. Houston.
Texas. May 27, 1982.
14. U.S. EPA. Final Plant Report - DuPont Chemical Company. LaPlace, Louisi-
ana. April 10, 1982.
15. U.S. EPA. Draft Treatment Technology Background Document. April, 1989.
9-1
-------
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
U.S. EPA. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, SW-846 Third Edition.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C., November
1986.
U.S. EPA. Sampling and Analysis Plan for F024 Incineration Test at ENSCO
in El Dorado, Arkansas. November 1988.
Windholz, Martha, editor. The Merck Index, 10th edition. Merck and
Company, Rahway, New Jersey, 1983.
Weast, R.C., editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 65th edi-
tion. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1984.
Verschueren, Karel. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals,
2nd edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., New York, New York,
V9W.
U.S. EPA. Onsite Engineering Report of Stabilization of K048 and K051
Fluidized Bed Incineration Ash at Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi. February 19, 1988.
Hawley, Gessner G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 8th edition. NY:
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., New York, New York, 1971.
Sanderson, R.T., "Chemical Bonds and Bond Energy." Physical Chemistry,
Volume 21. Academic Press, New York, New York, 1971.
Dean, J.A., editor. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 12th edition.
McGraw-Hill, 1979. pp. 8-11.
Weast, R.C., editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 61st edi-
tion. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1980.
Rordorf, Berchtold F. "Thermal Properties of Dloxins, Furans, and
Related Compounds." Chemosphere. 15:1325-1332, 1986.
U.S. EPA. F024 Characterization Report for DuPont Chemical Company.
LaPlace, Louisiana. October 24, 1988.
U.S. EPA. F024 Characterization Report for Shell Chemical Company,
Norco. Louisiana. October 24, 1988.
U.S. EPA. F024 Characterization Report for Vista Chemical Company. Lake
Charles, Louisiana. October 21, 1988.
U.S. EPA. F024 Characterization Report for Vulcan Chemical Company.
Wichita, Kansas. October 24, 1988.
U.S. EPA. F024 Characterization Report for Velsicol Chemical Company.
Memphis, Tennessee. October 24, 1988.
9-2
-------
32. U.S. EPA. Or.slte Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance
and Operation on F024 for EMSCO, £1 Dorado, Arkansas. December, 1968.
33. U.S. EPA. Or.site Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance
and Operation for Envirite Corporation, York. Pennsylvania. December 19,
1986.
3^. U.S. EPA. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background
Document for K048. K049. K050. KQ51. K052~! August 8, 1988.
35. U.S. EPA. Draft Onsite Engineering Report for Horsehead Resource Devel-
opment Company for K061. March, 1988.
36. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and
Water Pollution Control Federation. Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater, Sixteenth Edition. Washington, D.C., 1985.
37. 51 Federal Register 40572. November 7, 1986.
9-3
-------
APPENDIX A
ANALYTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
A-1
-------
APPENDIX A
ANALYTICAL QA/QC
The analytical methods used for analysis of the constituents being
regulated (identified in Section 6.0) are presented in Table A-1. SW-8JJ6
Methods (EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical
Methods. SW-846 (Reference 16)) were used'in most cases for determining total
constituent concentrations.
In some instances, it was necessary to deviate from the SW-846
Methods. Deviations from SW-8^6 Methods required to analyze the sample matrix
are listed in Table A-2. SW-8H6 allows for the use of alternative or equiva-
lent procedures or equipment; these alternatives are noted in Tables A-3
through A-7.
The accuracy determination for a constituent is based on the matrix
spike recovery values. Tables A-8 and A-9 present the matrix spike recovery
data for BDAT List constituents in the kiln-ash and scrubber water residuals,
respectively.
The accuracy correction factors for BDAT List constituents detected
in untreated F02*J and in the kiln ash and scrubber water residuals are
summarized in Table A-10. The accuracy correction factors were determined for
each constituent by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (expressed as a
percentage) for that constituent.
A-2
-------
Table A-1
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN F02«4
>
i
U1
Constituent Concentration
in Klin Ash
ReB»iated Constituent
VOLATILE 5
10. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
16. 3-ChIoropropane
22. l.1-OichIoroethane
23. 1,2-0ichIoroethane
26. I,2-DichIoropropane
27. trans-I,3-Dlchloropro-
pene
28. c i s-1.3-D1chI oropmpena
SEM1VOLAT1LES
70. B1s(2-ethyIheiyI)-
phthalate
113. HexachIoroethane
Preparat1 on
Method
Purge and Trap
(Method 5030)
Ana Iyt i caI
Method
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry for
Volatile Organics
(Method 6240)
Column Technique
(Method 8270)
Ref erence
Constituent ('onrentrat Ion
In Scrubber Water
Preparation Analytical
Method Method
Reference
Purge and Trap
(Method 5030)
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry for
Volatile Organ it;s
(Method 0240)
Co 1uirm Technique
(Method 8770)
METALS
159. Chromium (total)
163. Nickel
Acid Digestion
of Sediments,
Sludges, and
Soils (Method
3050)
Inductively Coupled
Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectroscopy
(Method 6010)
Ac Id 0 I yest i on
of Liquids
I Method
3010/3020)
Inductively Coupled
Plasma Atomic
i-mission Spectroscopy
(Method 6010)
NA - Not applicable.
Source: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid waste. SW-846 Third Edition (Reference 16)
-------
Table A-1 (Continued)
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR CONSTITUENTS REGULATED IN FC^
Regulated Constituent
DIOXINS/FURANS
Constituent Concentra11 on
in Kiln Ash
Preparat'on
Mathod
Ana Iyt i caI
Me thod
Constituent Concentration
In Scrublier Water
Reference
Preparat ion
Me thod
Ana Iy t i caI
Melhod
Ref erence
207. Heaachlorodibanzo-p-
d I ox ins
70S. He «acli I orod 1 benzof urans
209. Pentachlorodlbanzo-
p-dI ox ins
2)0. PantachIorodIbanzofurans
212, TetrachIorodlbenzofuran»
Analysis of Poly-
chlorinated Dlbenzo-
p-dio*Ins and Poly~
chlorinated Olbenzp-
furans (Method 8280)
NA
Ana lysis u f Po I y
chlorinated Dibenxo-
p-dIo*ins and Poly-
chlorinated Plbenzo-
lurans (Method 8280)
>
NA - Not applicable.
Source: Tast Methods for Evaluatiny Solid Waste. SW-B46 Third Ed 11 I on (Reference 16)
-------
Table A-2
DEVIATIONS FROM SW-846 IN ANALYSIS OF F021
Analysis
Method
SM-846 Specifications
Deviation from SW-846
Rationale for Deviation
Acid digestion for 3010
metals analysis 3020
Digest 100 ml of sample
in a conical beaker.
Initial sample volume of
50 ml was digested in
Griffin straight-side
beakers. All acids and
peroxides were halved.
Sample volume and
reagents were reduced by
half; therefore, time
required to reduce sample
to near dryness was
reduced. However, this
procedure produced no
impact on the precision
and accuracy of the data.
-------
Table A-3
SPECIFIC PROCEDURES USED IN EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHEN ALTERNATIVES TO
SW-846 METHODS ARE ALLOWED BY APPROVAL OF EPA CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT DIVISION
Spec if ic procedures allowed by
Analysis SW-846 method Simple aliquot SW-846 specification apptoval of fcPA-CAU
Continuous liquid- 3520
1iquid extract ton
>
On
Soxhlet extraction 3540
1 liter • The internal standards are
prepared by dissolution in
carbon disulfide and then
dilution to such volume that
the final solvent is 2OX
carbon disulfide and 80%
Methylene chloride.
1 gram • The internal standards are
prepared by dissolution in
caibon disulfide and then
dilution to such volume that
the final solvent is 20'/.
carbon disulfide and 80'/.
methylene chloride.
• The preparation of the internal
standaids is changed lo eliminate
the use of tarbon disulfide The
internal standards are prepared
in methylene chloride only
• the prepaiation of the internal
standards is changed to eliminate
the use of carbon disult ide Ihe
interna) standards are prepared
in methylene chloride only
-------
Table A-4
SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED IN EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHEN
ALTERNATIVES OR EQUIVALENTS ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-816 METHODS
Analysis
SW-846 Method
Samp 1e a Iiquot
Alternatives or equivalents allowed
by SW-846 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Purge-and-trap
5030
5 *i 111 liters of I lquid,
1 gram of solid
Ihe purge-and-trap device to be
used is specified in Figure I of
the method Ihe desorber to be
used is described in figures 2 and 3.
and Ihe packing materials are
described in Section 4.10 ? of SM-846
The method allows equivalents of this
equipment or materials to be used
The purqe-and-trap equipment and
the desorber used are as specified
in SW-846. Ihe purge and-trap
equipment is a leckmar ISQ ? with
standard purging chambers'(SupeIco
cat. 2-0293) Ihe packing materials
for the traps are 1/3 silica gel
and 2/3 2,6-diphenylene
Ihe method specifies that the
trap must be at least ?'> cm long
and have an inside diameter pf at
least 0 1 OS cm
Ihe length of the trap is 30 cm
and the diameter is 0 105 cm
Ihe surrogates recommended are
toluene-d0.4 broootluorobenzene.
and 1,2-dichloroeyiane-d4. The
recomnended concent rat ion level is
SO mQ/ 1
The surrogates are added as
spec ified m SM-846.
Sonhtet extraction 3S40
1 gram of solid
Ihe rer.amended surrogates
and their concentrations are
the same as for Method 3S20
The surrogates used and their
concentration levels are the same
as for Method 3S20
Sample grinding may be required
for sample not pass my through a
1-mn standird sieve or a 1-mm
opening
~ Sample grinding is not required
-------
Table A-t (Continued)
SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED IN EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHEN
ALTERNATIVES OR EQUIVALENTS ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-846 METHODS
Analysis SM-846 Method Sample aliquot Alternat
l
CO
Acid and base/neutral extracts
are usually combined before
analysis by GC/MS. tmder some
situations, however, they may
be extracted and analysed
separately
lhe base/neutral surrogates
recoraended are ?-f luorobipheny I.
nitroben/ene-dS. and terphenyl-dl4.
lhe acid surrogates recommended
are 2-f luorophenol,
2,4.6-tribromophenol. and
phenol-d6. Additiona1 compounds
may be used for surrogates, the
recomaended concentrations for
lo« medium concentration level
samples are 100 pp« for acid
surrogates and 200 ppm for base/
neutral surrogates. Volume of
Surrogate nay be adjusted.
Acid and base/neutral extracts
are combined
Surrogates are the same as those
reionmended by SM-B46. with the
e»cept ion that phenol-di is
substituted for phenol-d6. lhe
concentrations used are the
concentrations recaniriended in SW-B46
-------
Table A-5
SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED FOR ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHEN
ALTERNATIVES OR EQUIVALENTS ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-8»J6 METHODS
Saaple Alternatives or equivalents
SU B4b preparation allowed in SU 846 for
Analysis method method equipment or in procedure Specific equipment or procedures used
Gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry
for void 11 le
organ ics
>
l
vO
8240 5030
Recommended GC/NS operating conditions:
Actual GC/MS operating conditions'
Electron energy:
Hats range
Scan t line:
Initial column temperature:
Initial column holding tine
Column temperature program
final column temperature.
final column holding time.
Injector temperature:
Source temperature:
Transfer line tenperature:
Carrier gas
70 ev (nominal)
35-260 anu
To give S scans/peak but
not to exceed 7 sec/scan
4S'C
3 n»in
8'C/min
?00"C
IS mm
200 225"C
According to manufacturer's
spec ifIcation
2S0-30Q"C
Hydrogen at SO cm/sec.or
he I ii*t at 30 cm/sec
[ lectron energy:
Mass range:
Scan tlme.
70 ev
3S-?6d amu
2 S sec/scan
Initial column temperature 38'C
Initial column holding time: 2 mm
Column temperature program IO"C/min
Final column temperature
Final coljnn holding tine
Injector temperature:
Source temperature:
Transfer line temperature:
Carrier gas:
??VC
30 nun or nylene e lutes
22S"C
manufacturer's recomended
va lue of 100'C
21 b-t
He I ium at 30 m l/mn
The coluan should be 6 ft x 0.1 in i D glass.'
packed with IX SP-1000 on Carbopack B (60/80 mesh) or
an equivalent
The column used is an t) ft x 0 1 in I 0 glass, packed
Kith It SP-1000 on Carbopack 6 (60/80 mesh).
Samples may be analyzed by purge-arid-trap technique
or by direct injection
The samples are analyzed using the purge and-trap
technique
Additional information on actual system used
tquipinent . f iimcgan model SIOO 6( /HS/DS system
Oala system MIP1R INCUS Autoguan
Moflt- I led r oil impai t
NhS library available
iMc'tate to Jet sepal atoi
-------
Table A-5 (Continued)
SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED FOR ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHEN
ALTERNATIVES OR EQUIVALENTS ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-8*l6 METHODS
Sample Alternatives or equivalents
SW-846 preparation a 1 loved in SW-846 for
Analysis method method equipment or >n procedure Specific equipment or piocedures used
¦acomMnded GC/MS operating conditions.
Actual GC/HS operating conditions:
Gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry
for sentivo lat I le
organics: capillary
q column technique
8??0 3S20-liqutds Mass range
3S40-»ol|ds Scan time:
3SS00 amu
1 sec/scan
40*C
4 mm
40 ?70'C at
10'C/min
Final colwn tenperature hold: ?70*C (until
beniolg,h,i,]perylene has
e luted)
250-300-C
?SD-300"C
According to
manufacturer's
spec if iiation
6rob-1ype, split less
Hydrogen at SO cm/sec or
he Iium at 30 cm/sec
Initial column temperature
Initial column holding time
Cftluan tenperature program
Injector temperature.
Transfer line tenperature.
Source temperature:
Injector:
Sample volume.
Carrier gas
Hass range.
Scan time.
Initial column temperature
Initial column holding time:
CoIimk temperature program:
final column temperature hold
Injector temperature
Transfer line temperature
Source temperature
Injector
Sample volume:
Carrier gas.
3S-SQ0 amu
1 sec/scari
30"C
4 mil/
8'C/min to 21S'
and 10'C/min unti1
30 V (.
30VC
?40-?60*C
300" C
Manufacturer's
recoraiendat ion
(nonhcated)
Gro|>-type, split less
I (i I ol sample extract
He 1 lum at 40 cm/sec
The column should be 30 m by 0 2S imi I 0., 1 I i lm
thickness si licon-coated fused silica capillary column
(J&W Scientific 0B-5 or equivalent).
The column used isa 3(1 m * 0 3? nvn l.D.
RT^ -5 |SX phenyl methyl silicone) fSCC 1
Additional informalion on ailual syslem used
Iquiproenl I inneqan model MOO Gl/HS/Ob system
Software Package SuPfRlNCOS Autoquan
-------
Table A-6
SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OR EQUIPMENT USED IN PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS
OF METALS WHEN -ALTERNATIVES OR EQUIVALENTS ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-846 METHODS
Anal/sis
S»-S46
metnod
Equipment
Alternative or equivalent
a Honed by $y-B46 methods
Specif'c procedures or
equipment usee
Inductively coupled
plasma atcr.-.c
emission
spectroscopy
6010 Jarre!! Ash 1140
Operate equipment following
instructions provided by
instrument's manufacturer.
For operation «itri organic
solvents, auxiliary arger gas
inlet is recommended
Equipment is operated using
procedures specified in tne
Jtrrell Asn (JA) '.140
Operator's Manual
Auxiliary argon gas is not
required for sample matrm
A-11
-------
Table A-7
SPECIFIC PROCEDURES OH EQUIPMENT USED FOR ANALYSIS OF CYANIDE AND SULFIDE
WHEN ALTERNATIVES OR EQUIVALENTS ARE ALLOWED IN THE SW-846 METHODS
Analysis
Sy-d46 Samp'e
metfiod aliquot
Alternatives or equivalent
3'"owed by Sw-846 methods
Spec if 'c
procedures used
lota I and
amenable
cyande
9012 500 nl
Hydrogen sulfide treatment
may M required.
Hydrogen sulfide
treatment ts not
required.
• A Fisher-Mulhgan absorber
or equivalent snog la be used.
A WheatOn C'Sti 1 I -ng
Apparatus aosorfcer is
used
Sulfide
9030 230 ml
An aqueous starch solution
or a soljole starcn powder
may be used
An aqueous staler
so'ution is used
The t it rati used My b«
eitner sodium thiosulfate or
pheiylarsme ox'de
Trie titrant used is
sodium tnicsu',fate.
Sample pretreatment may be
requ'red.
For pretreatment of
ar» aoueous sampie. fine
ac«tat« ii added to
precip'tatt the sulfioa,
and the z inc si. If oe
precip.tate 's filtered
aid analyzec.
A-12
-------
Table A-8
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUE
Spike Constituent
Original
Amount Found®
(PPrcl
Amount
Spiked
(pern)
Samp Ie RusuIt
Amount
Recovered
(PP™>
Per cent
Recovery^
m
Pup 1irate Sample Result
Amount Amount Percent
Sp i ked
(ppm)
Recovered
(CP"1)
Recover
t»)
volatiles
>
I
4. Benzene
9. ChIorobeniene
24. 1.1-DtchIoroethene
43. Toluene
47. TrIchloroethene
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR VOLATILES
SEMI VOLAT I LES (BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
52. Acenaphthene
88. 1,4-DIchIorobenzene
102. 2,4-Dlnltrotoluene
105. N-N1trosO"d1-n-propyI amine
145. Pyrene
150. 1,2,4-Tr1ch1orobenzene
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR SEMIVOLATILES
(BASfc/NEUTRAL f-RACTION)
INORGANICS
169. Cyanide
170. Fluoride
17 1. Sulfide
DL
DL
OL
OL
OL
DL
DL
DL
Dt
DL
OL
0 . 050
0.050
0 050
0.050
0.050
0.050
O . 1150
0.050
O 050
0.050
0.050
0.063
0.045
0.040
0.085
0.089
0.015
0.036
0.019
0.055
0.003
0.030
DL
2.11
OL
4. 97
4.91
25
3.93
7.04
27.4
126
90
80
I 10
178
128.8
30
72
38
1 10
6
60
52.7
79
100
1 10
0 . 050
0 . 050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0 . 050
0 050
0 . 050
0 050
0 . 050
0 . 050
0.065
0.054
0.061
O. I 11
0. 108
0.044
0 . 045
0.050
0 . 059
0.04 1
0 .045
5. 00
4.99
?4 . 6
6. 25
/ . 44
26. 1
130
108
1 22
222
2 16
159.6
88
90
100
1 18
82
90
94 . 7
125
10/
106
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR INORGANICS
96.3
112.7
DL - Detection limit.
°For constituents not detected at or above the detection limit (DL), the original amount found ifi considered zi^ni in calculating
percent recovery.
^Percent recovery = 100 * (C<-C0)/Ct. where Cf = amount recovered. CQ - original amount found, and = amount spiked.
-------
Table A-fl (Continued)
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUE
Spike Constituent
Ortg tnaI
Amount Found"
(PP™)
Amount
Spi ked
LeeeL
Samp)e Rwsult
Amount
Bacoverod
Leeml _
Percent
Recovery11
(%)
Amount
Sp i ked
(pt'"0
Duplicate Sample Result
Amount
Recovered
Percent
~
Recovery
<%)
>
i
pioxins/furans
1,2,3,1,7,0-HexachIorodlbenzo-
p-d1o»1n
1,2,3.4,7,8 ~He«achlarodtbinzo-
furan
1,2,3,7, B-PantachIorodibenzo-
p-dloxIn
1,2,3,7,8-Pentachl orodlbtrizo-
f uran
2,3,7,8-Tet rachIorodt benzo-
p-dtox in
2.3,T,B-T«t rach1orod1benzofuran
AVERAGE RECOVEBV FOB D10XINS/FURANS
DL
DL
DL
OL
OL
DL
0.010
0.0096
0.010
0.0086
0.0099
0.011
101
97
102
87
100
107
99
0.010
0.0098
0.010
O.UOB6
0 0097
0.01 I
104
98
102
86
97
108
99
DL
Detectlan 11mlt.
"For constituent* not detected et or above the detection limit (DL), the original amount found Is considered as zero In calculating
percent recovery.
"percent recovery - 100 x (Cj CQ)/Ct. where C| = amount recovered, C0 = original amount found, and Ct - amount spiked.
-------
Table A-9
Spike Const tiuont
VOLATlLES
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER WATER
Or tg1naI
Amount Found®
Anraunt
Sp iNed
(ppm)
Samp>e Wa&uI I
Amount
Recovered
( ppm)
Percent
Recovery11
ill
Duplicate Sample Result
Amount
Sp iked
(ppm)
Amount
Recovered
(w)
Recover yc
(*)
4. Benjana
9. Chlorobtntane
24. 1,l-Dtchloruathana
43. Toluene
47. Trlchloro»lh«n«
DL
D1
DU
DL
DL
0.050
0 . OSO
0.050
0.050
0.0S0
0 043
0.055
0.040
0.057
O 053
66
i 10
60
114
106
0 050
O 050
0 050
0 050
0 .050
0.045
O . 056
0.040
0 057
0.054
90
I 1 2
60
I 14
108
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR VOLATILES
SEMIVOLATlLES (BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
52. Acenaphthene
88. I,4-Dlchlorobenzene
102, 2,4-0ln 11 rutoluana
105. N-Nltroao-dl-n-propyI am too
145. Pyrana
150. 1 , 2 ,4-Tr Ichtorobenmne
AVERAGE RFCOVFRV FOR SEMIVOLATILES
(BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
METAL Sc
159. Chrontum (total)
161. Lead
168. Zinc
AVERAGE RECOVER* FOR METALS
INORGANICS
169. Cyanide
170. Fluoride
17). Sulfide
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR INORGANICS
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
OL
DL
DL
2.64
01
153
OL
0.050
0.050
0.050
0. 050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.025
10
0. 100
160
5.0
0.039
0.032
0.057
0.066
0.044
0.031
0. 035
0.022
12.6
0.014
330
4 O
68 3
99. 2
78
64
114
132
68
62
89 /
70
88
iuo
86
14
I I 1
80
(1 050
U 050
0 (15(1
0 050
O 050
0 050
0 050
0 025
IU
0 100
IbO
5 0
0 032
0.029
0.057
(I . 058
0 . 04 I
0 03 2
0.034
0.019
12.4
0 . 022
33b
J 2
100 8
64
58
1 14
1 lb
82
64
85 7
6H
76
98
80. 7
22
1 14
64
bb . 7
DL - Detection limit.
NA - Nut analyzed.
®F or con^ tit li an t s not detect ed at or above t no detection limit (DL 1 , t he or igtna l *moun t foumi na:> idui eii z»?rn in i.d 11 u Idt imij
percent recovery.
hPe( cent rticovery - 100
(Ct-C0)/Ct. where Ct
'Source: Waterways Onslte Engineering Report for F024 (Reference 21).
amount recovered, Cf, - of lylnal amount found, rfiui (., amuum
-------
Table A-9 (Continued)
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER WATER
Spthe Constituent
DI0X1NS/FURANS
Or Ig tnaI
Amount Found*
Sample Resul t
Amount Percent
Recovered Recovery
lee™2_ _ 1*1
b
D' (i» I i t a t e Satnu > « R«?Sti I I
Acltnuilt Pdrcnil
Wwcovei ed flecouci y
(.1*1
1.2.3.4,7 .fi-Haaacn IorodIbanzo-p-dloK In 01-
1.2.3.4.7. B-He*acft I oi od I bftniofuran 0 . Q1)Q3
1.2,3,7,8~PantachI orodl bartzo-p-d t ok I n OL
I .2,3.7, B'PQiitachl orodlbiniofurAn 0 .000 1
2.3.7,8-Tatrachlorodtbanzo-p-dto* tn OL
2.3,7. B-Tat rachIorodtbamofuran Ot
AVERAGE RECOVER* FOR OIOKINS/FURANS
0.0001 99 O.UOOI 10 1
0 00 10 IU1 O.uOlU I0*>
0.0010 104 O.UOlO 102
o.mn)9 hh o.onuy u/
0.0009 94 O.ooua 95
0U0I0 104 O.UOII 106
«9 gy
>
I
»-•
OL - OatactIon limit.
NA - Not artalyiad.
aF Of comtttuints not datactad at or abowa th« detection limit (OL), tlie original amount f aunj »8S tmiuldei nij dK m y in c d 1i .. I d I my
pwrcant racovary.
^Par-cant rtcovary = 100 « (Cj-C0)/C|. nhere C( = amount recovered, C0 - or iyliu I amount found. amJ C| - amOunl ipikeil
-------
Table A-10
SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS
BDAT
List Constituent
222.
Acetone
6.
Bromomethane
10.
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
12.
Chloroethane
15.
Chlororaethane
16.
3-Chloropropene
20.
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
21.
Dichlorodifluoromethane
23.
1,2-Dichloroethane
26.
1,2T0ichloropropane
27.
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
28.
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
34.
Methyl ethyl ketone
42.
Tetrachloroethene
46.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
49.
1,2,3-Tr ichloropropane
59.
Benz(a)anthracene
62.
Benzo(a)pyrene
63.
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
64.
Benzo(ghi)perylene
65.
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68.
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
80.
Chrysene
88.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
92.
Diethyl phthalate
110.
Hexachlorobenzene
113.
Hexachloroethane
116.
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
141.
Phenanthrene
169.
Cyanide
170.
Fluoride
171.
Sulfide
207.
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Accuracy Correction Factor3
Kiln Ash Scrubber Water
Total Composition Total Composition
1.000
1.008
NA
1.008
1.000
1.008
NA
1.008
NA
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.000
1.008
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1-899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.389
1.724
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.899
1.167
1.266
7.143
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.562
1.000
1.010
NA - Not applicable; this constituent was not detected in either the untreated
F024 or the kiln ash residual.
aThe accuracy correction factor is equal to 1 divided by the percent recovery
correction factor.
A-17
-------
Table A-10 (Continued)
SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS
Accuracy Correction Factor3
Kiln Ash Scrubber Water
BDAT List Constituent Total Composition Total Composition
208. Hexachlorodibenzofurans 1.031 1.000
209. Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins 1.000 1.000
210. Pentachlorodibenzofurans 1.163 1.1*19
212. Tetrachlorodibenzofurans 1.000 1.000
Scrubber Water
Total Composition^
159. Chromium (total) 1.47
163- Nickel 1.08
aThe accuracy correction factor is equal to 1 divided by the percent recovery
correction factor.
bThese data are from the Onsite Engineering Report for K061 (Reference 35).
Accuracy correction factors are listed only for those constituents regulated
in F02*< wastewater.
A-18
-------
APPENDIX B
PLANT CODES
B-1
-------
Table fl-l
PLANT CODES
Code
Plant
Location
References
A
DuPont Chemical Company
LaPlace, Louisiana
27,
32
B
Shell Chemical Company
Norco, Louisiana
28,
32
C
Vista Chemical Company
Lake Charles, Louisiana
29,
32
D
Vulcan Chemical Company
Wichita, Kansas
30,
32
E
Velsicol Chemical Company
Memphis, Tennessee
31
F
LCP Chemicals
Moundsville, West Virginia
3
G
Dow Chemical Company
Freeport, Texas
4
H
PPG Industries
Lake Charles, Louisiana
5
I
Formosa Plastics
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
6
J
Borden Chemical
Geismar, Louisiana
7
K
Vulcan Materials Company
Geismar, Louisiana
8
L
PPG Industries
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
9
M
Dow Chemical Company
Plaquemine, Louisiana
10
N
Shell Oil Company
Not Specified
11
0
FMC Corporation
Baltimore, Maryland
12
P
Denka Chemical Corporation
Houston, Texas
13
X
ENSCO
El Dorado, Arkansas
32
*
Waterways Experiment Station
Vicksburg, Mississippi
21
z
Envirite Corporation
York, Pennsylvania
33
B-2
-------
APPENDIX C
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
------- |