The
EPA Automotive
Trends Report:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions,
Fuel Economy, and
Technology since 1975
United States
Environmental Protection
^*^1 Agency
EPA-420-R-19-002 March 2019
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NOTICE: This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions,
positions, or approval or validation of compliance data reported to EPA by
manufacturers. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data
that are currently available and that may be subject to change. The purpose of
the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information
and to inform the public of technical developments.
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Table off Contents
1. Introduction 1
A. What's New This Year 1
B. Manufacturers in this Report 2
C. Fuel Economy and C02 Metrics in this Report 3
2. Fleetwide Trends Overview 5
A. Overall Fuel Economy and C02 Trends 5
B. Manufacturer Fuel Economy and C02 Emissions 8
3. Vehicle Attributes 13
A. Vehicle Class and Type 13
B. Vehicle Weight 18
C. Vehicle Power 22
D. Vehicle Footprint 27
E. Summary 30
4. Vehicle Technology 37
A. Engines 39
B. Transmission and Drive Types 59
C. Technology Adoption 65
5. Manufacturer GHG Compliance 75
A. Footprint-Based C02 Standards 78
B. Model Year Performance 81
C. End of Year Credit Balance 107
D. Compliance Status After the 2017 Model Year 119
Appendices: Methods and Additional Data
A. Sources of Input Data
B. Harmonic Averaging of Fuel Economy Values
C. Fuel Economy and C02 Metrics
D. Historical Changes in the Database and Methodology
E. Electric Vehicle and Plug-In Hybrid Metrics
F. Authors and Acknowledgments
i
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List of Figures
Figure 2.1. Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and C02 Emissions 5
Figure 2.2. Trends in Fuel Economy and C02 Emissions Since Model Year 1975 6
Figure 2.3. Distribution of New Vehicle C02 Emissions by Model Year 7
Figure 2.4. Manufacturer Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and C02 in Model Year
2012 and 2017 9
Figure 3.1. Regulatory Classes and Vehicle Types Used in This Report 14
Figure 3.2. Production Share and Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy 15
Figure 3.3. Vehicle Type Distribution by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017 16
Figure 3.4. Car-Truck Classification of SUVs with Inertia Weights of 4000 Pounds or Less 17
Figure 3.5. Average New Vehicle Weight by Vehicle Type 19
Figure 3.6. Inertia Weight Class Distribution by Model Year 20
Figure 3.7. Relationship of Inertia Weight and C02 Emissions 21
Figure 3.8. Average New Vehicle Horsepower by Vehicle Type 23
Figure 3.9. Horsepower Distribution by Model Year 24
Figure 3.10. Relationship of Horsepower and C02 Emissions 25
Figure 3.11. Calculated 0-to-60 Time by Vehicle Type 26
Figure 3.12. Footprint by Vehicle Type for Model Year 2008-2018 28
Figure 3.13. Footprint Distribution by Model Year 28
Figure 3.14. Relationship of Footprint and C02 Emissions 29
Figure 3.15. Relative Change in Fuel Economy, Weight, and Horsepower, since Model Year 1975 30
Figure 4.1. Vehicle Energy Flow 37
Figure 4.2. Manufacturer Use of Emerging Technologies for Model Year 2018 38
Figure 4.3. Production Share by Engine Technology 40
Figure 4.4. Gasoline Engine Production Share by Number of Cylinders 42
Figure 4.5. Percent Change for Specific Gasoline Engine Metrics 44
Figure 4.6. Engine Metrics for Different Gasoline Technology Packages 46
Figure 4.7. Gasoline Turbo Engine Production Share by Vehicle Type 48
Figure 4.8. Gasoline Turbo Engine Production Share by Number of Cylinders 48
Figure 4.9. Distribution of Gasoline Turbo Vehicles by Displacement and Horsepower,
Model Year 2011, 2014, and 2017 49
Figure 4.10. Gasoline Hybrid Engine Production Share by Vehicle Type 51
Figure 4.11. Gasoline Hybrid Engine Production Share by Number of Cylinders 51
Figure 4.12. Hybrid Real-World Fuel Economy Distribution, Cars Only 52
Figure 4.13. Production Share of EVs, PHEVs, and FCVs, Model Year 1995-2017 54
Figure 4.14. Charge Depleting Range and Fuel Economy Trends for EVs and PHEVs 55
Figure 4.15. Diesel Engine Production Share by Vehicle Type 57
Figure 4.16. Diesel Engine Production Share by Number of Cylinders 57
Figure 4.17. Percent Change for Specific Diesel Engine Metrics 58
Figure 4.18. Transmission Production Share 60
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Figure 4.19. Average Number of Transmission Gears for New Vehicles 62
Figure 4.20. Comparison of Manual and Automatic Transmission Real-World Fuel Economy for
Comparable Vehicles 63
Figure 4.21. Front-, Rear-, and Four-Wheel Drive Production Share 64
Figure 4.22. Industry-Wide Car Technology Penetration after First Significant Use 66
Figure 4.23. Manufacturer Specific Technology Adoption over Time for Key Technologies 68
Figure 4.24. WT Adoption Details by Manufacturer 70
Figure 4.25. Five-Year Change in Light Duty Vehicle Technology Production Share 71
Figure 5.1. GHG Program Compliance Process 76
Figure 5.2. 2012-2017 Model Year C02 Footprint Target Curves 79
Figure 5.3. Changes in "2-Cycle" Tailpipe C02 Emissions, Model Year 2012 to 2017 (g/mi) 82
Figure 5.4. Model Year 2017 Production of EVs, PHEVs, and FCVs 84
Figure 5.5. Model Year 2017 Advanced Technology Credits by Manufacturer 86
Figure 5.6. Production of FFVs, Model Year 2012-2017 88
Figure 5.7. FFV Credits by Model Year 88
Figure 5.8. HFO-1234yf Adoption by Manufacturer 90
Figure 5.9. Fleetwide A/C Credits by Credit Type 92
Figure 5.10. Total A/C Credits by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017 93
Figure 5.11. Off-Cycle Menu Technology Adoption by Manufacturer 95
Figure 5.12. Total Off-Cycle Credits by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017 102
Figure 5.13. Early Credits Reported and Expired by Manufacturer 109
Figure 5.14. Performance and Standards by Manufacturer, 2017 Model Year 111
Figure 5.15. Total Credits Transactions Through Model Year 2017 115
Figure 5.16. Manufacturer Credit Balance After Model Year 2017 119
Figure 5.17. Industry Performance and Standards, Credit Generation and Use 121
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List of Tables
Table 1.1. Manufacturer Definitions 2
Table 1.2. Fuel Economy and C02 Metrics Used in this Report 4
Table 2.1. Estimated Real-World C02, Fuel Economy and Key Parameters 11
Table 2.2. Manufacturer Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and C02 Emissions for Model Year
2016-2018 12
Table 3.1. Vehicle Attributes by Model Year 32
Table 3.2. Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and C02 by Vehicle Type 33
Table 3.3. Model Year 2017 Vehicle Attributes by Manufacturer 34
Table 3.4. Model Year 2017 Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and C02 by Manufacturer and
Vehicle Type 35
Table 3.5. Footprint by Manufacturer for Model Year 2016-2018 (ft2) 36
Table 4.1. Production Share by Engine Technologies 72
Table 4.2. Production Share by Transmission Technologies 73
Table 4.3. Production Share by Drive Technology 74
Table 5.1. Manufacturer Footprint and Standards for Model Year 2017 80
Table 5.2. Production Multipliers by Model Year 84
Table 5.3. Model Year 2017 Off-Cycle Technology Credits from the Menu, by Manufacturer and
Technology (g/mi) 99
Table 5.4. Model Year 2017 Off-Cycle Technology Credits from an Alternative Methodology, by
Manufacturer and Technology (g/mi) 101
Table 5.5. Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, All (g/mi) 104
Table 5.6. Industry Performance by Model Year, All (g/mi) 104
Table 5.7. Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, Car (g/mi) 105
Table 5.8. Industry Performance by Model Year, Car (g/mi) 105
Table 5.9. Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, Truck (g/mi) 106
Table 5.10. Industry Performance by Model Year, Truck (g/mi) 106
Table 5.11. Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, All 112
Table 5.12. Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, All 112
Table 5.13. Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, Car 113
Table 5.14. Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, Car 113
Table 5.15. Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, Truck 114
Table 5.16. Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, Truck 114
Table 5.17. Final Credit Balance by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017 (Mg) 117
Table 5.18. Distribution of Credits by Expiration Date (Mg) 118
iv
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1. Introduction
This new annual report is part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
commitment to provide the public with information about new light-duty vehicle
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fuel economy, technology data, and auto manufacturers'
performance in meeting the agency's GHG emissions standards.
EPA has collected data on every new light-duty vehicle model sold in the United States
since 1975, either from testing performed by EPA at the National Vehicle Fuel and
Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan, or directly from manufacturers using official
EPA test procedures. These data are collected to support several important national
programs, including EPA criteria pollutant and GHG standards, the U.S. Department of
Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Corporate
Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, and vehicle Fuel Economy and Environment
labels. These data comprise the most comprehensive database of its kind. The analysis and
data drawn from this extensive resource are presented here to provide as much
information to the public as possible.
A. What's New This Year
• This report includes content previously included in two separate EPA reports, the
Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends
Report and the Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles Manufacturer
Performance Report. These reports were combined to provide a more comprehensive
analysis in a single resource.
• The website for this report has been expanded with an emphasis on allowing users to
access and evaluate more of the data behind this report. We encourage readers to
visit our website at https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends and explore the data. EPA
plans to continue to add content and tools on the web to allow transparent access to
public data.
• In 2016, Nissan purchased a controlling share of Mitsubishi. Based on this change,
NHTSA took initial action requiring Nissan and Mitsubishi to be combined into a single
corporate entity for compliance under the CAFE program (which EPA would follow for
the GHG program). Consequently, all Nissan and Mitsubishi data are combined in this
report as "Nissan-Mitsubishi," except where necessary to maintain the integrity of
historical compliance data. However, this process is not yet complete. If, in fact,
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Nissan and Mitsubishi are treated differently for compliance in the 2017 model year,
EPA will revise this report to reflect that policy.
The overall long-term trends in the light-duty automotive industry since 1975 are explored
in Section 2. Section 3 focuses on trends in vehicle parameters such as vehicle type, weight,
horsepower, acceleration, and footprint. Section 4 examines industry trends by engine and
transmission technologies. The status of manufacturer compliance with the GHG standards
is now included in Section 5. Additional data and methodology discussions are included in
the appendices. This report supersedes all previous reports and should not be compared
to past reports.
B. Manufacturers in this Report
The underlying data for this report include every new light-duty vehicle offered for sale in
the United States. These data are presented by manufacturer throughout this report, using
the model year 2017 manufacturer definitions determined by EPA and NHTSA for
implementation of the GHG emission standards and CAFE program. For simplicity, many
tables throughout the report show only the 13 manufacturers that produced at least
150,000 vehicles in the 2017 model year. These manufacturers account for approximately
98% of all production. Table 1.1 lists the 13 manufacturers and their associated makes,
along with an "other" category that captures the remaining manufacturers.
Table 1.1. Manufacturer Definitions
Manufacturer Makes in the U.S. Market
BMW BMW, Mini, Rolls Royce
FCA Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Dodge, Fiat, Jeep, Maserati, Ram
Ford Ford, Lincoln, Roush, Shelby
GM Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC
Honda Acura, Honda
Hyundai Genesis, Hyundai
Kia Kia
Mazda Mazda
Mercedes Maybach, Mercedes, Smart
Nissan-Mitsubishi Infiniti, Mitsubishi, Nissan
Subaru Subaru
Toyota Lexus, Scion, Toyota
Volkswagen Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, Volkswagen
Other1 Aston Martin, BYD, Ferrari, Jaguar, Land Rover, Lotus, McLaren, Tesla, Volvo
1 Only vehicle brands produced in model year 2017 are shown. There are many other manufacturers and
brands captured in the "other" category over the course of this report.
2
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When a manufacturer grouping changes under the GHG and CAFE programs, EPA makes
the same change in this report. For the analysis of estimated real-word CO2 emission and
fuel economy trends in Sections 1 through 4, EPA applies the current manufacturer
definitions to all prior model years. This maintains consistent manufacturer and make
definitions over time, which enables better identification of long-term trends. However, the
compliance data that are discussed in Section 5 of this report maintain the previous
manufacturer definitions where necessary to preserve the integrity of compliance data as
accrued.
C. Fuel Economy and CO2 Metrics in this Report
This report presents current and historic data that provide a comprehensive overview of
the automotive industry. The report does not examine future model years, and past
performance does not necessarily predict future industry trends. All data for model years
1975 through 2017 are final and based on official data submitted to EPA and NHTSA as
part of the regulatory process. In some cases (not for manufacturer compliance), this
report will show data for model year 2018, which are preliminary and based on data
provided to EPA by automakers prior to the model year. All data in this report are based on
production volumes delivered for sale in the U.S. by model year (MY). The model year
production volumes may vary from other publicized data based on calendar year sales.
The CO2 emissions and fuel economy data in this report fall into one of two categories
based on the purpose of the data, and the subsequent required emissions test procedures.
The first category is compliance data, which is measured using laboratory tests required
by law for demonstrating compliance with CAFE. For consistency, EPA also adopted these
tests for the GHG regulations. Compliance data are measured using EPA city and highway
test procedures (the "2-cycle" tests), and fleetwide averages are calculated by weighting the
city and highway test results by 55% and 45%, respectively. These procedures are required
for compliance; however, they no longer accurately reflect real world driving. Compliance
data may also encompass credits and other flexibilities that manufacturers can use
towards meeting their emissions standards.
The second category is estimated real-world (previously called "adjusted") data, which is
measured using additional laboratory tests to capture a wider range of operating
conditions (including hot/cold weather and higher acceleration) that an average driver will
encounter. This expanded set of tests is referred to as "5-cycle" testing. City and highway
results are weighted 43% city and 57% highway, consistent with fleetwide driver activity
data. The city and highway values are the same values found on new vehicle fuel economy
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labels, however the label combined value is weighted 55% city and 45% highway. Unlike
compliance data, the method for calculating real-world data has evolved over time, along
with technology and driving habits.
Table 1.2. Fuel Economy and CQz Metrics Used in this Report
C02 and Fuel Economy
Data Category
Compliance
Estimated Real-World
("adjusted" in previous
reports)
Purpose
Basis for manufacturer
compliance with standards
Best estimate of real-world
performance
Current
City/Highway
Weighting
55% / 45%
43% / 57%
Current Test
Basis
2-cycle
5-cycle
This report will show estimated real-world data except for the discussion specific to the
GHG regulations in Section 5 and Executive Summary Figures ES-6 through ES-8. The
compliance CO2 data must not be compared to the real-world C02data presented
elsewhere in this report. Appendices C and D present a more detailed discussion of the fuel
economy and CO2 data used in this report.
This report does not provide data about NHTSA's CAFE program. For more information
about CAFE and manufacturer compliance with the CAFE fuel economy standards, see the
CAFE Public Information Center, which can be accessed at
https://one.nhtsa.gov/cafe pic/CAFE PIC Home.htm.
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2. Fleetwide Trends Overview
The automotive industry has made strong progress towards lower tailpipe CO2 emissions
and higher fuel economy in recent years. This section provides an update on the estimated
real-world tailpipe CO2 emissions and fuel economy for the overall fleet, and for
manufacturers based on final model year 2017 data. The unique, historical data on which
this report is based also provide an important backdrop for evaluating the more recent
performance of the industry. Using that data, this section will also explore basic fleetwide
trends in the automotive industry since EPA began collecting data in model year 1975.
24.9 MPG
MY 2017
A. Overall Fuel Economy and CO2 Trends
In model year 2017, the industry
achieved record low new vehicle CO2
emissions and record high fuel
economy, as shown in Figure 2.1.
Average estimated real-world CO2
tailpipe emissions fell by 3 g/mi to 357
g/mi, while estimated real-world fuel
economy increased 0.2 mpg to 24.9
mpg compared to the previous year.2
Over the last thirteen years, CO2
emissions and fuel economy have
improved eleven times and worsened
twice.
The preliminary average estimated
real-world fuel economy of all new
model year 2018 vehicles is projected
to increase again, to 25.4 mpg with
corresponding average CO2 emissions
of 348 g/mi. If achieved, these values
will be record levels and an
improvement over model year 2017.
Figure 2.1. Estimated Real-World Fuel
Economy and CO2 Emissions
25.0
22.5 -
12.5
700
600
500
400
1995
2005
2015
Model Year
2 EPA uses unrounded values to calculate all values in the text, figures, and tables in this report. This approach
results in the most accurate data but may lead to small apparent discrepancies due to rounding. However, the
data are in fact correct.
5
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The preliminary model year 2018 data are based on production estimates provided to EPA
by manufacturers months before the vehicles go on sale. The data are a useful indicator,
however there is always uncertainty associated with such projections, and we caution the
reader against focusing only on these data.
While the most recent annual changes often receive the most public attention, the greatest
value of the Trends database is to document long-term trends. The magnitude of changes
in annual CO2 emissions and fuel economy tend to be small relative to longer, multi-year
trends. Figure 2.2 shows fleetwide estimated real-world CO2 emissions and fuel economy
for model years 1975-2017. Over this timeframe there have been three basic phases: 1) a
rapid improvement of fuel economy between 1975 and 1987, 2) a period of slowly
decreasing fuel economy through 2004, and 3) increasing fuel economy through the
current model year. Vehicle CO2 emissions, which are generally inversely related to fuel
economy,3 have followed the opposite pattern over the same timeframe.
Figure 2.2. Trends in Fuel Economy and CO2 Emissions Since Model Year 1975
Model
Year
1975-1987
1987-2004
2004-2017
Real-World Fuel Economy
(MPG)
68% •
MPG Increase
12% W
MPG Decrease
29% V
MPG Increase'
24.9 MPG
MY 2017
Real-World C02 Emissions
(g/mi)
41%
CO, Decrease
14% V
C02 Increase
23% ^
C02 Decrease
357 g/mi
MY 2017
3 Fuel economy and CO2 emissions are inversely related for gasoline and diesel vehicles, but not for electric
vehicles (which have zero tailpipe emissions). If electric vehicles begin to capture a larger market share, the
overall relationship between fuel economy and tailpipe CO2 emissions will change.
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Another way to look at CO2 emissions over time is to examine how the distribution has
changed. Figure 2.3 shows the production-weighted distribution of estimated real-world
CO2 emissions by model year. Since 1975, half of the total vehicle production for each
model year has been within a narrow band of about 120 g/mi, or less than 10 miles per
gallon. For model year 2018, that band, encompassing more than 50% of all production,
spans from about 300-415 g/mi or 20-30 miles per gallon. The lowest C02-emitting vehicles
have all been hybrids or electric vehicles since the first hybrid was introduced in model
year 2000.
Figure 2.3. Distribution of New Vehicle CO2 Emissions by Model Year4
F 1000-
E
O)
O
O
T3
(0
(D
0d
500-
Worst Vehic e
Worst 5%
50% of Vehic es
Best 5%
Best Vehic e
Bottom
25%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
It is important to note that the methodology used in this report for calculating estimated
real-world fuel economy and CO2 emission values has changed over time. For example, the
estimated real-world fuel economy for a 1980s vehicle in the Trends database is somewhat
higher than it would be if the same vehicle were being produced today as the methodology
for calculating these values has changed over time to reflect estimated real-world vehicle
operation. These changes are small for most vehicles, but larger for very high fuel economy
4 Electric vehicles prior to 2011 are not included in this figure due to limited data. However, those vehicles were
available in small numbers only.
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vehicles. See Appendix C and D for a detailed explanation of fuel economy metrics and
their changes over time.
To explore this data in more depth, please see the report website at
https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends
B. Manufacturer Fuel Economy and CO2
Emissions
Along with the overall industry, most manufacturers have significantly improved new
vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel economy in recent years. Figure 2.4 shows the change in
fuel economy and CO2 emissions from model year 2012 to model year 2017 for the
thirteen largest manufacturers. This five-year span covers the model years for which the
combined EPA GHG and NHTSA CAFE regulations have been in place. It also approximately
represents a redesign cycle, or the amount of time before a vehicle is significantly updated,
so it is likely that most vehicles have undergone design changes in this period.
Of these thirteen manufacturers, all except for Toyota improved CO2 emissions and fuel
economy. Subaru had the largest decrease in CO2 emissions during this period, reducing
emissions by 43 g/mi. Mercedes had the next largest reduction at 42 g/mi, followed by
Nissan-Mitsubishi at 40 g/mi. Subaru also had the largest improvement in fuel economy at
3.5 mpg, followed by Honda at 3.1 mpg and Nissan-Mitsubishi at 2.9 mpg. Overall, the
industry improved CO2 emissions by 21 g/mi (about 5%) and fuel economy by 1.3 mpg
(about 6%) between model year 2012 and 2017.
In model year 2017, Honda led the industry overall with the lowest average new vehicle
CO2 emissions and highest fuel economy. Honda also improved more than any other
manufacturer in model year 2017, decreasing new vehicle CO2 emissions by 13 g/mi to 302
g/mi, and increasing fuel economy by 1.2 mpg to 29.4 mpg. Mazda and Hyundai had the
second and third lowest CO2 emissions, respectively. FCA had the highest new vehicle
average CO2 emissions and lowest fuel economy of the large manufacturers, followed by
GM and Ford.
Seven of the thirteen manufacturers increased fuel economy and decreased CO2 between
model year 2016 and 2017. The preliminary model year 2018 data project a similar trend,
with seven of thirteen manufacturers improving. The manufacturer-specific data for the
last three model years are shown in Table 2.2.
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Figure 2.4. Manufacturer Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and CO2 in Model Year 2012 and 2017
Honda
Mazda
Hyundai
Subaru
Kia
Nissan-
Mitsubishi
VW
BMW
Toyota
Mercedes
Ford
GM
FCA
All Manufacturers
Fuel Economy (MPG), 2012 - 2017
28.0
->28.6
25.0
26.2->27
.2
.1
24
0
2f
.8 ->26.5
23.5
25.3
¦3 -1
<25.5
OO
I
9
3
21.7—>2^
—>>21.2
20.1
23.6
24.9
~i n— 1 r
20 24 28 32
C02 Emissions (g/mi), 2012 - 2017
302
30
>11<317
355
fAZ %
327<—33<
7
335 <—
¦3
OO
C'l
1
O I
349->3
51
38
3
3
38 <392
UU
t IU
357
377
300 350 400 450
9
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While each manufacturer has taken a different path towards improving CO2 emissions and
fuel economy, the overall result has driven the improving industry-wide trend since model
year 2005. The vehicle attributes and technologies that have led to this improvement are
further analyzed in the next two sections of this report, respectively.
The Department of Justice and EPA have reached settlements with Volkswagen and Fiat Chrysler
Automobiles based on the sale of certain diesel vehicles equipped with devices to defeat the
vehicles' emission control systems. This report includes the original fuel economy and GHG
certification values of these vehicles, as EPA believes this is a reasonable representation of how
these vehicles were expected to perform. The affected vehicles are certain model year 2009 to
2016 diesel vehicles from Volkswagen and 2014 to 2016 diesel vehicles from Fiat Chrysler
Automobiles, and account for less than 1% of production in all affected years. For more
information about these investigations, please see https://www.epa.gov/vw or
https://www. epa.gov/fca.
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Table 2.1. Estimated Real-World CO2, Fuel Economy and Key Parameters
Real-
Real-
Mfr. with
Mfr. with
Overall Vehicle with
Gasoline (Non-Hybrid) Vehicle
Produc-
World
World
Highest Fuel
Lowest Fuel
Highest Fuel Economy5
with Highest Fuel Economy
tion
C02
FE
Economy
Economy
Real-World
Engine
Real-World
Model Year
(000)
(g/mi)
(mpg)
(mpg)
(mpg)
Vehicle
FE (mpg)
Type
Gasoline Vehicle
FE (mpg)
1975
10,224
681
13.1
Honda
Ford
Honda Civic
28.3
Gas
Honda Civic
28.3
1980
11,306
466
19.2
VW
Ford
VW Rabbit
40.3
Diesel
Nissan 210
36.1
1985
14,460
417
21.3
Honda
Mercedes
GM Sprint
49.6
Gas
GM Sprint
49.6
1990
12,615
420
21.2
Hyundai
Mercedes
GM Metro
53.4
Gas
GM Metro
53.4
1995
15,145
434
20.5
Honda
FCA
Honda Civic
47.3
Gas
Honda Civic
47.3
2000
16,571
450
19.8
Hyundai
FCA
Honda Insight
57.4
Hybrid
GM Metro
39.4
2001
15,605
453
19.6
Hyundai
FCA
Honda Insight
56.3
Hybrid
Honda Civic
37.3
2002
16,115
457
19.5
Honda
FCA
Honda Insight
55.6
Hybrid
Honda Civic
35.9
2003
15,773
454
19.6
Honda
Ford
Honda Insight
55.0
Hybrid
Honda Civic
35.5
2004
15,709
461
19.3
Honda
Ford
Honda Insight
53.5
Hybrid
Honda Civic
35.3
2005
15,892
447
19.9
Honda
Ford
Honda Insight
53.3
Hybrid
Honda Civic
35.1
2006
15,104
442
20.1
Mazda
Ford
Honda Insight
53.0
Hybrid
Toyota Corolla
32.3
2007
15,276
431
20.6
Toyota
Mercedes
Toyota Prius
46.2
Hybrid
Toyota Yaris
32.6
2008
13,898
424
21.0
Hyundai
Mercedes
Toyota Prius
46.2
Hybrid
Smart Fortwo
37.1
2009
9,316
397
22.4
Toyota
FCA
Toyota Prius
46.2
Hybrid
Smart Fortwo
37.1
2010
11,116
394
22.6
Hyundai
Mercedes
Honda FCX
60.2
FCV
Smart Fortwo
36.8
2011
12,018
399
22.3
Hyundai
Mercedes
BMW Active E
100.6
EV
Smart Fortwo
35.7
2012
13,449
377
23.6
Hyundai
FCA
Nissan i-MiEV
109.0
EV
Toyota iQ
36.8
2013
15,198
368
24.2
Hyundai
FCA
Toyota IQ
117.0
EV
Toyota iQ
36.8
2014
15,512
369
24.1
Mazda
FCA
BMW 13
121.3
EV
Mitsubishi Mirage
39.5
2015
16,739
361
24.6
Mazda
FCA
BMW 14
121.3
EV
Mitsubishi Mirage
39.5
2016
16,267
359
24.7
Mazda
FCA
BMW 15
121.3
EV
Mazda Mazda 2
37.1
2017
17,011
357
24.9
Honda
FCA
Hyundai loniq
132.6
EV
Mitsubishi Mirage
41.5
2018 (prelim)
-
348
25.4
Honda
FCA
Hyundai loniq
132.6
EV
Mitsubishi Mirage
40.1
5 Vehicles are shown based on estimated real-world fuel economy as calculated for this report. These values will differ from values found on the fuel
economy labels at the time of sale. For more information on fuel economy metrics see Appendix C.
11
-------
Table 2.2, Manufacturer Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and CO2 Emissions for Model Ytw 2016-2018
MY 2016 Final MY 2017 Final MY2018 Preliminary
FE Change
C02 Change
Real-World
Real-World
Real-
from
Real-World
from
Real-World
Real-World
FE
C02
World FE
MY 2016
C02
MY 2016
FE
C02
Manufacturer
(mpg)
(g/mi)
(mpg)
(mpg)
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
(mpg)
(g/mi)
BMW
25.5
349
25.9
0.4
341
-7
26.2
336
FCA
21.5
413
21.2
-0.4
420
7
21.9
406
Ford
22.8
389
22.9
0.0
388
-1
22.7
392
GM
22.4
397
22.9
0.5
388
-8
23.3
380
Honda
28.2
315
29.4
1.2
302
-13
29.5
300
Hyundai
28.8
309
28.6
-0.2
311
2
27.9
318
Kia
26.2
338
27.2
0.9
327
-11
27.7
319
Mazda
29.6
301
29.0
-0.5
306
5
28.7
312
Mercedes
23.7
376
23.1
-0.6
385
9
23.7
374
Nissan-Mitsubishi
27.8
318
27.1
-0.7
327
9
26.8
329
Subaru
28.1
317
28.5
0.4
312
-5
28.4
313
Toyota
25.0
355
25.3
0.3
351
-4
26.0
341
VW
26.6
334
26.5
-0.2
335
2
25.1
353
All Manufacturers
24.7
359
24.9
0.2
357
-3
25.4
348
12
-------
, Vehicle Attributes
Vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel economy are strongly influenced by vehicle design
parameters, including weight, power, acceleration, and size. In general, vehicles that are
larger, heavier, and more powerful typically have lower fuel economy and higher CO2
emissions than other comparable vehicles. This section focuses on several key vehicle
design attributes that impact CO2 emissions and fuel economy and evaluates the impact of
a changing automotive marketplace on overall fuel economy.
A. Vehicle Class and Type
Manufacturers offer a wide variety of light-duty vehicles in the United States. Under the
CAFE and GHG regulations, new vehicles are separated into two distinct regulatory classes,
cars and trucks, and each vehicle class has separate GHG and fuel economy standards.
Vehicles that weigh more than 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight6 (GVW) or have four-
wheel drive and meet various off-road requirements, such as ground clearance, qualify as
trucks. Vehicles that do not meet these requirements are considered cars.
Pickup trucks, vans, and minivans are all considered trucks under the regulatory
definitions, while sedans, coupes, and wagons are generally classified as cars. Sport utility
vehicles (SUVs) however, fall into both categories. Based on the CAFE and GHG regulatory
definitions, all two-wheel drive SUVs under 6,000 pounds GVW are classified as cars, while
most SUVs that have four-wheel drive or are above 6,000 pounds GVW are considered
trucks. SUV models that are less than 6,000 pounds GVW can have both car and truck
variants, with two-wheel drive versions classified as cars and four-wheel drive versions
classified as trucks.
As the fleet has changed over time, the line drawn between car and truck classes has also
evolved. This report uses the current regulatory car and truck definitions, and these
changes have been propagated back throughout the historical data.
This report further separates the car and truck regulatory classes into five vehicle type
categories based on their body style classifications under the fuel economy labeling
program. The regulatory car class is divided into two vehicle types: sedan/wagon and car
SUV. The sedan/wagon vehicle type includes minicompact, subcompact, compact, midsize,
large, and two-seater cars, hatchbacks, and station wagons. Vehicles that are SUVs under
6 Gross vehicle weight is the combined weight of the vehicle, passengers, and cargo of a fully loaded vehicle.
13
-------
the labeling program and cars under the CAFE and GHG regulations are classified as car
SUVs in this report. The truck class is divided into three vehicle types, including pickup,
minivan/van, and truck SUV. Vehicles that are SUVs under the labeling program and trucks
under the CAFE and GHG regulations are classified as truck SUVs.
Figure 3.1 shows the two regulatory classes and five vehicle types used in this report. The
distinction between these five vehicle types is important because different vehicle types
have different design objectives, and different challenges and opportunities for improving
fuel economy and reducing CO2 emissions.
Figure 3.1. Regulatory Classes and Vehicle Types Used in This Report
Regulatory Class Vehicle Type
Sedan/
Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
Car
Light-Duty
Vehicles
Truck
Minivan/
Van
Pickup
14
-------
Fuel Economy and CO2 by Vehicle Type
The production volume of the different vehicle types has changed significantly over time.
Figure 3.2 shows the production shares of each of the five vehicle types for model years
1975-2017. In 1975, more than 80% of vehicles produced were sedans/wagons, with the
remaining 20% made up mostly of pickups and vans. Pickups have remained relatively
consistent over the timeframe of this report, and in model year 2017 represented 12% of
vehicle production. Minivan and van production peaked in model year 1995, making up
11% of the market, but they have since fallen out of favor (down to 4% of market share)
and are being replaced by SUVs. By model year 2017, truck SUVs reached a record high
32% of production and car SUVs remained at a record 12% of production. Sedans/wagons
captured only 41 % of the market, about half of the market share they held in model year
1975.
In model year 2017, 53% of the fleet are cars and 47% are trucks. This is a significant
change from 1975, when 81 % of all production was sedans/wagons. In Figure 3.2, the
dashed line between the car SUVs and truck SUVs shows the split in car and truck
regulatory class.
Figure 3.2. Production Share and Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy
100%
Sedan/
Wagon
Sedan/Wagon
^ / Truck SUV * |
Truck
SUV
Minivan/
Van
Minivan/Van
Pickup
Pickup
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Model Year Model Year
Figure 3.2 also shows estimated real-world fuel economy for each vehicle type since 1975.
Fuel economy has improved for each of the five vehicle types for several years, and all are
15
-------
at or near record fuel economy and CO2 emissions levels in model year 2017.
Sedans/wagons had the highest overall fuel economy, and the biggest year-over-year
improvement in model year 2017. With a 1 mpg increase, new sedans/wagons achieved
over 30 mpg for the first time in history, more than double the 13.5 mpg average in model
year 1975. The fuel economy of car SUVs remained at a record 26.2 mpg. Truck SUVs
increased 0.1 mpg to a record 22.4 mpg, minivans/vans increased 0.6 mpg to 22.2 mpg,
and pickups held constant near a record high at 18.9 mpg. In the preliminary model year
2018 data, all five vehicle types are expected to further improve fuel economy by 0.4 to 0.7
mpg.
Vehicle Type by Manufacturer
The model year 2017 production breakdown by vehicle type for each manufacturer is
shown in Figure 3.3. There are clear variations in production distribution by manufacturer.
Over 70% of VW's production was sedans/wagons, which is the highest of any
manufacturer. For other vehicle types, Hyundai had the highest percentage of car SUVs at
31%, Subaru had the highest percentage of truck SUVs at 73%, GM had the highest
percentage of pickups at 25%, and FCA had the highest percentage of minivan/vans at 17%.
Figure 3.3. Vehicle Type Distribution by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017
100%
Vehicle Type
Sedan/Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
Minivan/Van
I Pickup
16
-------
A Closer Look at SUVs
SUV Classification
Over the last 30 years, the production share of SUVs in the United States has increased in all
but six years and now accounts for more than 40% of all vehicles produced (see Figure 3.2).
This includes both the car and truck SUV vehicle types.
Based on the regulatory definitions of cars and trucks, SUVs that are less than 6,000 pounds
GVW can be classified as either cars or trucks, depending on whether the vehicle has 2-wheel
drive or 4-wheel drive, and has offroad capabilities as defined by parameters such as ground
clearance and approach and departure angles. This definition can lead to similar vehicles
having different car or truck classifications, and different requirements under the GHG and
CAFE regulations. One particular trend of interest is the classification of SUVs as either car
SUVs or truck SUVs.
This report does not track GVW, but instead tracks weight using inertia weight classes, where
inertia weight is the weight of the empty vehicle, plus 300 pounds (see weight discussion on
the next page). Figure 3.4 shows the breakdown of SUVs into the car and truck categories over
time for vehicles with an inertia weight of 4,000 pounds or less. Vehicles in the 4,500-pound
inertia weight class and higher were excluded, as these vehicles generally exceed 6,000 pounds
GVW and are classified as trucks. The relative percentage of SUVs with an inertia weight of
4,000 pounds or less that meet the current regulatory truck definition has stayed relatively
constant over time, suggesting that there has not been a shift in vehicle design to make these
vehicles fall into the car or truck regulatory category.
Figure 3.4. Car-Truck Classification of SUVs with Inertia Weights of 4000 Pounds or Less
100%
£ 75%
CC
cn
c
o
-*—>
o
=3
"O
o
50%
25%
0%
Car SUV
Truck SUV
2000
2005
2010
Model Year
2015
17
-------
B. Vehicle Weight
Vehicle weight is a fundamental vehicle attribute, both because it can be related to utility
functions such as vehicle size and features, and because higher weight, other things being
equal, will increase CO2 emissions and decrease fuel economy. All Trends vehicle weight
data are based on inertia weight classes. Each inertia weight class represents a range of
loaded vehicle weights, or vehicle curb weights7 plus 300 pounds. Vehicle inertia weight
classes are in 250-pound increments for classes below 3,000 pounds, while inertia weight
classes over 3,000 pounds are divided into 500-pound increments.
Vehicle Weight by Vehicle Type
Figure 3.5 shows the average new vehicle weight from model year 1975 through 2018 for
all new vehicles by vehicle type. From model year 1975 to 1981, average vehicle weight
dropped 21 %, from nearly 4,060 pounds per vehicle to about 3,200 pounds; this was likely
driven by both increasing fuel economy standards (which, at the time, were universal
standards, and not based on any type of vehicle attribute) and higher gasoline prices.
From model year 1981 to model year 2004, the trend reversed, and average new vehicle
weight began to slowly but steadily climb. By model year 2004, average new vehicle weight
had increased 28% and reached a new high at 4,111 pounds per vehicle, in part because of
the increasing truck share. Since model year 2004, new vehicle weight has been relatively
flat, although a new high was briefly reached in model year 2011, at 4,126 pounds. Average
model year 2017 weight was 4,093, which is up 58 pounds from model year 2016. The
preliminary model year 2018 data suggest that weight will be up 1 pound, or essentially
unchanged.
In model year 1975, the average weight of each of the five vehicle types varied by only 215
pounds, or about 5% of the average new vehicle. However, by model year 2018 that range
is expected to be about 1,650 pounds, or 40% of the average new vehicle weight. In 1975
the average new sedan/wagon outweighed the average new pickup by about 45 pounds,
but by model year 2018 a new average pickup will outweigh the average new sedan/wagon
by about 1,650 pounds. The weight of an average new sedan/wagon has fallen 13% since
model year 1975, while the weight of an average new pickup has increased 29%. It is
interesting to note that the average new pickup truck weight fell by 320 pounds in model
7 Vehicle curb weight is the weight of an empty, unloaded vehicle.
18
-------
year 2015, which is the year the redesigned Ford F-150 changed to a largely aluminum
body to reduce weight.
Figure 3.5. Average New Vehicle Weight by Vehicle Type
Sedan/Wagon
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
ALL
1%
Since MY 1975
t
Truck SUV
5%
Since MY 1975
t
1
-13 % ~
Since MY 1975
Minivan/Van
~r
~r
~r
7°/
t
Since MY 1975
Car SUV
-6% ~
Since MY 1975
Pickup
29% t
Since MY 1975
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Model Year
Figure 3.6 shows the annual production share of different inertia weight classes for new
vehicles since model year 1975. In model year 1975 there were significant sales in all the
weight classes from <2,750 pounds to 5,500 pounds. In the early 1980s the largest vehicles
disappeared from the market and light cars <2,750 pounds inertia weight briefly captured
more than 25% of the market. Since then, cars in the <2,750-pound inertia weight class
have all but disappeared, and the market has moved towards heavier vehicles.
Interestingly, the heaviest vehicles in model year 1975 were mostly large cars in the 5,500-
pound inertia weight class, whereas the heaviest vehicles today are all trucks.
19
-------
Figure 3.6. Inertia Weight Class Distribution by Model Year
100%-
0
(5 75%
sz
(A
c
o
o
3
T3
O
50%
25%
0%-
1975
1985 1995 2005 2015
Model Year
Weight
¦
<2750
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
¦
>6000
Vehicle Weight and CO2 Emissions
Heavier vehicles require more energy to move than lower-weight vehicles and, if all other
factors are the same, will have lower fuel economy and higher CO2 emissions. The wide
array of technology available in modern vehicles complicates this comparison, but it is still
useful to evaluate the relationship between vehicle weight and CO2 emissions, and how
these variables have changed over time.
Figure 3.7 shows estimated real-world CO2 emissions as a function of vehicle inertia weight
for model year 1978s and model year 2018. On average, CO2 emissions increase linearly
with vehicle weight for both model years, although the rate of change as vehicles get
heavier is different between model year 2018 and 1978. At lower weights, vehicles from
model year 2018 produce about 33% lower CO2 emissions than those from 1978. The
difference between model year 2018 and 1978 increases for heavier vehicles, as the
heaviest model year 2018 vehicles produce about 50% lower CO2 emissions than those
8 Model year 1978 was the first year for which complete horsepower data are available, therefore it will be used
for several historical comparisons for consistency.
20
-------
from 1978. Electric vehicles, which do not produce any tailpipe CO2 emissions regardless of
weight, are visible along the 0 g/mi axis of Figure 3.7. As more electric vehicles are
introduced into the market, the relationship between average vehicle CO2 emissions and
inertia weight will continue to evolve.
Figure 3.7. Relationship of Inertia Weight and CO2 Emissions
1200 -
900-
600-
300-
0-
Model Year
• 1978
• 2018
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Inertia Weight (lbs)
21
-------
C. Vehicle Power
Vehicle power, measured in horsepower (HP), has changed dramatically since model year
1975. The average new vehicle in model year 2017 produced 70% more power than a new
vehicle in model year 1975, and almost 130% more power than an average new vehicle in
model year 1981. In the early years of this report, horsepower fell, from an average of 137
HP in model year 1975 to 102 HP in model year 1981. Since model year 1981 however,
horsepower has increased nearly every year. The average new vehicle HP is at a record
high, increasing from 230 HP in model year 2016 to 233 HP in model year 2017. The
preliminary value for model year 2018 is 237 HP, which would be another record-high for
horsepower.
Vehicle Power by Vehicle- Type
As with weight, the changes in horsepower are also quite different among vehicle types.
The sedan/wagon, car SUV, and truck SUV categories have all had at least a 49% increase in
horsepower since model year 1975, but horsepower in these vehicle types appears to be
leveling off. However, pickup truck horsepower is up 141 % since model year 1975 and does
not appear to be slowing down. Horsepower for minivans/vans is up 83% and appears to
still be increasing.
22
-------
Figure 3.8. Average New Vehicle Horsepower by Vehicle Type
ALL Sedan/Wagon Car SUV
69% I
Since MY 1975
Truck SUV
Minivan/Van
Pickup
350
o
X
300
250
200
150
141% I
Since MY 1975
70% I
Since MY 1975
83% I
Since MY 1975
100
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Model Year
The distribution of horsepower over time has shifted significantly towards vehicles with
more horsepower, as show in Figure 3.9. In the early 1980s, more than half of all new
vehicles had 100 to 150 HP, and very few had more than 200 HP. The average model year
2018 vehicle is projected to have more than 230 HP, and very few vehicles have less than
150 HP. Vehicles with more than 300 HP are projected to make up about 40% of new
vehicle production, and vehicles with more than 350 HP are projected to make up about
25% of new vehicle production. The maximum horsepower for an individual vehicle is now
well over 1,000 HP.
23
-------
Figure 3.9. Horsepower Distribution by Model Year
100%'
75%
50%
25%
Horsepower
>450
| 400-450
350-400
| 300-350
250-300
| 200-250
150-200
100-150
I 50-100
1980 1990 2000
Model Year
2010
2020
Vehicle Power and CO2 Emissions
The relationship between vehicle power, CO2 emissions, and fuel economy has become
more complex as new technology and vehicles have emerged in the marketplace. In the
past, higher power generally increased CO2 emissions and decreased fuel economy,
especially when new vehicle production relied exclusively on gasoline and diesel internal
combustion engines. As shown in Figure 3.10, model year 1978 vehicles with increased
horsepower generally had increased CO2 emissions. Model year 2018 vehicles nearly all
have lower CO2 emissions than their model year 1978 counterparts with the same amount
of power. However, the relationship between horsepower and CO2 emissions is different in
model year 2018. As vehicle horsepower increases, so do CO2 emissions but at a much-
reduced rate compared to model year 1978. Technology improvements, including
turbocharged engines and hybrid packages, have reduced the incremental CO2 emissions
associated with increased power. Electric vehicles are present along the 0 g/mi line in
Figure 3.10 because they produce no tailpipe CO2 emissions, regardless of horsepower,
further complicating this analysis for modern vehicles.
24
-------
Figure 3.10. Relationship of Horsepower and CO2 Emissions
Model Year
Horsepower
Vehicle Acceleration
Vehicle acceleration is closely related to vehicle horsepower. As new vehicles have
increased horsepower, the corresponding ability of vehicles to accelerate has also
increased. The most common vehicle acceleration metric, and one of the most recognized
vehicle metrics overall, is the time it takes a vehicle to accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per
hour, also called the 0-to-60 time. Data on 0-to-60 times are not directly submitted to EPA
but are calculated for most vehicles using vehicle attributes and calculation methods
developed by MacKenzie and Heywood (2012).9 Data are obtained from external sources
for hybrids and electric vehicles.
9 MacKenzie, D. Heywood, J. 2012. Acceleration performance trends and the evolving relationship among
power, weight, and acceleration in U.S. light-duty vehicles: A linear regression analysis. Transportation Research
Board, Paper NO 12-1475, TRB 91st Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, January 2012.
25
-------
Since the early 1980s, there has been a clear downward trend in 0-to-60 times. Figure 3.11
shows the average new vehicle 0-to-60 time from model year 1978 to model year 2018. The
average new vehicle in model year 2018 is projected to have a 0-to-60 time of 8.0 seconds,
which is the fastest average 0-to-60 time since the database began in 1975 and is
approaching half of the average 0-to-60 times of the early 1980s.
Figure
18-
15-
12-
9-
18-
cn
15-
12-
9"
1
The long-term downward trend in 0-to-60 times is consistent across all vehicle types,
though it appears to be diverging in more recent years. The average 0-to-60 time for
pickups continues to decrease steadily, while times for car SUVs have begun to flatten out.
The continuing decrease in pickup truck 0-to-60 times is likely due to their increasing
power, as shown in Figure 3.8. While much of that power is intended to increase towing
and hauling capacity, it also decreases 0-to-60 times.
3.11. Calculated 0-to-60 Time by Vehicle Type
ALL Sedan/Wagon Car SUV
-37% ~
Since MY 1978
-42%T
Since MY 1978
-41 %~
Since MY 1978
Truck SUV Minivan/Van Pickup
-41% ~
Since MY 1978
-39%T
Since MY 1978
-47% T
Since MY 1978
975 1985 1995 2005 2015 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Model Year
26
-------
D. Vehicle Footprint
Vehicle footprint is a very important attribute since it is the basis for the current CO2
emissions and fuel economy standards. Footprint is the product of wheelbase times
average track width (the area defined by where the centers of the tires touch the ground).
This report provides footprint data beginning with model year 2008, though it is important
to highlight that footprint data from model years 2008-2010 were aggregated from various
sources, some independent of official automaker data, and EPA has less confidence in the
consistency and precision of this data. Beginning in model year 2011, the first year when
both car and truck CAFE standards were based on footprint, automakers began to submit
reports to EPA with footprint data at the end of the model year, and these official footprint
data are reflected in the final data through model year 2017. EPA projects footprint data for
the preliminary model year 2018 fleet based on footprint values for existing models from
previous years and footprint values for new vehicle designs available through public
sources.
Vehicle Footprint by Vehicle Type
Figure 3.12 shows overall new vehicle and vehicle type footprint data since model year
2008. Between model year 2008 and 2017, the overall average footprint increased 2%, from
48.9 to 49.8 square feet. The overall average is influenced by the trends within each vehicle
type, as well as the mix of new vehicles produced and the market shift toward larger
vehicles. Within each of the five vehicle types, footprint increased for all vehicle types
between model year 2008 and 2017. Car SUVs increased 0.3 square feet (0.6%), truck SUVs
increased 0.7 square feet (1.4%), sedan/wagons increased 0.9 square feet (2.1 %),
minivan/vans increased 1.5 square feet (2.8%), and pickups increased 1.8 square feet
(2.8%). The distribution of footprints across all new vehicles, as shown in Figure 3.13, also
shows only slight changes over time. More than 60% of all vehicles have footprints of 40-50
square feet. Projected data for model year 2018 show overall footprint will increase slightly
to 50.0 square feet.
27
-------
Figure 3.12. Footprint by Vehicle Type for Model Year 2008-2018
70
cr
w
c
Q.
60
o 50 H
40
Pickup _
Minivan/Van
Truck SUV
I
Fleetwide Avg
~T
Sedan/Wagon
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Model Year
Figure 3.13. Footprint Distribution by Model Year
100%-
75% -
CD
i_
CO
CO
c
o
"G
"O
o
50% -
25%
0%-
2008 2010 2012 2015
Model Year
Footprint
>65
| 60-65
55-60
| 50-55
45-50
40-45
<40
2018
28
-------
Vehicle Footprint and CO2 Emissions
The relationship between vehicle footprint and CO2 emissions is shown in Figure 3.14.
Vehicles with a larger footprint are likely to weigh more and have more frontal area, which
leads to increased aerodynamic resistance. Increased weight and aerodynamic resistance
increases CO2 emissions and decreases fuel economy. The general trend of increasing
footprint and CO2 emissions holds true for vehicles from model year 2008 and model year
2018, although vehicles produced in model year 2018 produce roughly 25% less CO2
emissions than model year 2008 vehicles of a comparable footprint. Electric vehicles are
shown in Figure 3.14 with zero tailpipe CO2 emissions, regardless of footprint. As more
electric vehicles enter the market, the relationship between footprint and tailpipe CO2
emissions will become much flatter, or less sensitive to footprint.
Figure 3.14. Relationship of Footprint and CO2 Emissions
Model Year
Footprint (sq ft)
-------
E. Summary
The past 40+ years of data show striking changes in the attributes of vehicles produced for
sale in the United States. The marketplace has moved from more than 80% cars to a much
more varied mix of vehicles, with recent growth in SUV sales (car SUVs and truck SUVs)
resulting in SUVs capturing more than 40% of the market. The weight of an average new
vehicle fell dramatically in the late 1970s, then slowly climbed for about 20 years before
flattening off. The mix of vehicles in the sedans/wagons vehicle type have an average
weight that is still 13% below 1975 values, but trucks are now almost 30% heavier than in
model year 1975. Vehicle power and acceleration have increased across all vehicle types,
with average horsepower more than doubling the lows reached in the early 1980s. Vehicle
footprint has increased about 2% since this report began tracking the data in model year
2008. Figure 3.15 shows a summary of the relative changes in fuel economy, weight,
horsepower, and fuel economy since 1975.
Figure 3.15. Relative Change in Fuel Economy, Weight, and Horsepower, since
Model Year 1975
100%
80%
Real-World Fuel Economy
60%
CD
o
c
(fi
CD
CD
C
CC
_C
40%
Horsepower
20%
O
0%
VNfeight
-20%
-40%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
30
-------
Over time, automotive technology innovation has been applied to vehicle design with
differing emphasis between vehicle weight, power, CO2 emissions and fuel economy. In the
two decades before model year 2004, technology innovation was generally used to
increase vehicle power, and weight increased due to changing vehicle design, increased
vehicle size, and increased content. During this period, average new vehicle fuel economy
steadily decreased and CO2 emissions correspondingly increased. However, since model
year 2004, technology has been used to increase fuel economy (up 29%) and power (up
11 %), while maintaining vehicle weight and reducing CO2 emissions (down 23%). The
improvement in CO2 emissions and fuel economy since 2004 is due to many factors,
including gasoline prices, consumer preference, and increasing stringency of NHTSA light-
duty car and truck CAFE standards.
Vehicle fuel economy and CO2 emissions are clearly related to vehicle attributes
investigated in this section, namely weight, horsepower, and footprint. Future trends in fuel
economy and CO2 emissions will be dependent, at least in part, by design choices related to
these attributes.
-------
Table 3,1, Vehicle Attributes by Mode n tv.r
Real-World
Real-World
Car
Truck
C02
FE
Weight
Horsepower
0 to 60
Footprint
Production
Production
Model Year
(g/mi)
(mpg)
(lbs)
(HP)
(s)
(ft2)
Share
Share
1975
681
13.1
4,060
137
-
-
80.7%
19.3%
1980
466
19.2
3,228
104
15.6
-
83.5%
16.5%
1985
417
21.3
3,271
114
14.1
-
75.2%
24.8%
1990
420
21.2
3,426
135
11.5
-
70.4%
29.6%
1995
434
20.5
3,613
158
10.1
-
63.5%
36.5%
2000
450
19.8
3,821
181
9.8
-
58.8%
41.2%
2001
453
19.6
3,879
187
9.5
-
58.6%
41.4%
2002
457
19.5
3,951
195
9.4
-
55.2%
44.8%
2003
454
19.6
3,999
199
9.3
-
53.9%
46.1%
2004
461
19.3
4,111
211
9.1
-
52.0%
48.0%
2005
447
19.9
4,059
209
9.0
-
55.6%
44.4%
2006
442
20.1
4,067
213
8.9
-
57.9%
42.1%
2007
431
20.6
4,093
217
8.9
-
58.9%
41.1%
2008
424
21.0
4,085
219
8.9
48.9
59.3%
40.7%
2009
397
22.4
3,914
208
8.8
47.9
67.0%
33.0%
2010
394
22.6
4,001
214
8.8
48.5
62.8%
37.2%
2011
399
22.3
4,126
230
8.5
49.5
57.8%
42.2%
2012
377
23.6
3,979
222
8.5
48.8
64.4%
35.6%
2013
368
24.2
4,003
226
8.4
49.1
64.1%
35.9%
2014
369
24.1
4,060
230
8.3
49.7
59.3%
40.7%
2015
361
24.6
4,035
229
8.3
49.4
57.4%
42.6%
2016
359
24.7
4,035
230
8.3
49.5
55.3%
44.7%
2017
357
24.9
4,093
233
8.2
49.8
52.5%
47.5%
2018 (prelim)
348
25.4
4,094
237
8.0
50.0
51.7%
48.3%
To explore this data in more depth, please see the report website at https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends
32
-------
Table 3.2, Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and CO2 by Vehicle Type
Sedan/Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
Minivan/Van
Pickup
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
Prod
CO2
FE
Prod
CO2
FE
Prod
CO2
FE
Prod
CO2
FE
Prod
CO2
FE
Model Year
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
1975
80.6%
660
13.5
0.1%
799
11.1
1.7%
806
11.0
4.5%
800
11.1
13.1%
746
11.9
1980
83.5%
446
20.0
0.0%
610
14.6
1.6%
676
13.2
2.1%
629
14.1
12.7%
541
16.5
1985
74.6%
387
23.0
0.6%
443
20.1
4.5%
538
16.5
5.9%
537
16.5
14.4%
489
18.2
1990
69.8%
381
23.3
0.5%
All
18.8
5.1%
541
16.4
10.0%
498
17.8
14.5%
511
17.4
1995
62.0%
379
23.4
1.5%
499
17.8
10.5%
555
16.0
11.0%
492
18.1
15.0%
526
16.9
2000
55.1%
388
22.9
3.7%
497
17.9
15.2%
555
16.0
10.2%
478
18.6
15.8%
534
16.7
2001
53.9%
386
23.0
4.8%
All
18.8
17.3%
541
16.4
7.9%
493
18.0
16.1%
557
16.0
2002
51.5%
385
23.1
3.7%
460
19.3
22.3%
545
16.3
7.7%
475
18.7
14.8%
564
15.8
2003
50.2%
382
23.3
3.6%
446
19.9
22.6%
541
16.4
7.8%
468
19.0
15.7%
553
16.1
2004
48.0%
384
23.1
4.1%
445
20.0
25.9%
539
16.5
6.1%
464
19.2
15.9%
565
15.7
2005
50.5%
379
23.5
5.1%
440
20.2
20.6%
531
16.7
9.3%
460
19.3
14.5%
561
15.8
2006
52.9%
382
23.3
5.0%
434
20.5
19.9%
518
17.2
7.7%
455
19.5
14.5%
551
16.1
2007
52.9%
369
24.1
6.0%
431
20.6
21.7%
503
17.7
5.5%
456
19.5
13.8%
550
16.2
2008
52.7%
366
24.3
6.6%
419
21.2
22.1%
489
18.2
5.7%
448
19.8
12.9%
539
16.5
2009
60.5%
351
25.3
6.5%
403
22.0
18.4%
461
19.3
4.0%
443
20.1
10.6%
526
16.9
2010
54.5%
340
26.2
8.2%
386
23.0
20.7%
452
19.7
5.0%
442
20.1
11.5%
527
16.9
2011
47.8%
344
25.8
10.0%
378
23.5
25.5%
449
19.8
4.3%
424
20.9
12.3%
516
17.2
2012
55.0%
322
27.6
9.4%
381
23.3
20.6%
445
20.0
4.9%
418
21.3
10.1%
516
17.2
2013
54.1%
313
28.4
10.0%
365
24.3
21.8%
427
20.8
3.8%
422
21.1
10.4%
509
17.5
2014
49.2%
313
28.4
10.1%
364
24.4
23.9%
412
21.6
4.3%
418
21.3
12.4%
493
18.0
2015
47.2%
306
29.0
10.2%
353
25.1
28.1%
406
21.9
3.9%
408
21.8
10.7%
474
18.8
2016
43.8%
303
29.2
11.5%
338
26.2
29.1%
400
22.2
3.9%
410
21.7
11.7%
471
18.9
2017
41.0%
293
30.2
11.5%
339
26.2
31.8%
398
22.4
3.6%
399
22.2
12.1%
470
18.9
2018 (prelim)
42.0%
284
30.8
9.7%
331
26.8
31.7%
387
23.0
3.3%
386
22.9
13.3%
462
19.3
To explore this data in more depth, please see the report website at https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends
33
-------
Table 33, Model Year 2017 Vehicle Attributes by Manufacturer
Real-World
Real-World
co2
FE
Weight
0 to 60
Footprint
Manufacturer
(g/mi)
(mpg)
(lbs)
HP
(s)
(ft2)
BMW
341
25.9
4,107
257
7.0
47.9
FCA
420
21.2
4,510
280
7.5
52.8
Ford
388
22.9
4,360
262
7.9
52.5
GM
388
22.9
4,520
265
8.0
53.5
Honda
302
29.4
3,595
203
8.1
47.1
Hyundai
311
28.6
3,458
176
8.9
46.5
Kia
327
27.2
3,592
186
8.8
47.2
Mazda
306
29.0
3,569
178
8.9
46.0
Mercedes
385
23.1
4,536
288
7.0
50.0
Nissan- Mitsubishi
327
27.1
3,770
201
8.9
47.6
Subaru
312
28.5
3,724
181
9.3
45.0
Toyota
351
25.3
4,059
216
8.5
49.0
VW
335
26.5
3,894
225
7.9
46.3
Other
319
26.6
4,747
336
6.4
51.0
All Manufacturers
357
24.9
4,093
233
8.2
49.8
To explore this data in more depth, please see the report website at https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends
34
-------
Table 3.4. Model Vss->r 2017 Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and CO2 by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Sedan/Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
Minivan/Van
Pickup
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
Prod
CO2
FE
Prod
CO2
FE
Prod
CO2
FE
Prod
CO2
FE
Prod
CO2
FE
Manufacturer
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
BMW
62.7%
314
28.0
5.5%
362
24.6
31.8%
391
22.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
FCA
10.4%
373
23.7
9.0%
354
25.1
45.6%
423
21.0
16.9%
400
22.2
18.1%
493
18.1
Ford
31.1%
319
27.8
14.8%
352
25.2
32.5%
427
20.8
1.8%
413
21.5
19.8%
457
19.5
GM
30.6%
292
30.2
13.1%
341
26.0
31.4%
439
20.3
0.0%
699
12.7
24.9%
467
19.1
Honda
58.2%
270
32.8
8.4%
301
29.5
28.7%
351
25.3
1.7%
383
23.2
3.0%
408
21.8
Hyundai
63.1%
277
32.1
30.6%
357
24.9
6.2%
430
20.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
Kia
55.0%
280
31.7
17.4%
354
25.1
21.6%
399
22.3
6.0%
423
21.0
-
-
-
Mazda
57.2%
283
31.5
13.9%
321
27.6
29.0%
345
25.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mercedes
50.7%
342
25.9
7.0%
340
26.1
40.8%
445
20.0
1.5%
396
22.5
-
-
-
Nissan-Mitsubishi
56.1%
293
30.2
10.2%
307
28.9
24.9%
368
24.1
2.0%
354
25.1
6.9%
480
18.5
Subaru
26.8%
311
28.6
-
-
-
73.2%
312
28.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
Toyota
41.6%
278
31.9
9.9%
342
25.9
27.2%
385
23.1
5.7%
399
22.3
15.6%
476
18.7
VW
72.0%
308
28.8
3.5%
395
22.5
24.5%
406
21.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other
34.1%
230
34.3
9.9%
106
51.3
56.0%
411
21.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
All Manufacturers
41.0%
293
30.2
11.5%
339
26.2
31.8%
398
22.4
3.6%
399
22.2
12.1%
470
18.9
To explore this data in more depth, please see the report website at https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends
35
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Table 3.5, Footprint by Manufacturer for Model Year 2016-2018 (ft2)
Final MY 2016 Final MY 2017
Manufacturer
Car
Truck
All
Car
Truck
All
BMW
47.1
50.6
48.0
46.7
50.6
47.9
FCA
47.5
53.2
51.4
47.4
54.1
52.8
Ford
46.7
59.0
53.3
46.9
57.3
52.5
GM
46.6
59.1
53.2
46.6
58.9
53.5
Honda
45.3
49.6
47.0
45.9
49.7
47.1
Hyundai
46.3
49.2
46.3
46.3
49.2
46.5
Kia
45.9
51.3
47.1
46.1
50.0
47.2
Mazda
45.4
47.1
46.0
45.5
47.2
46.0
Mercedes
47.5
51.7
48.9
48.5
52.0
50.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
45.8
49.5
46.9
45.8
51.3
47.6
Subaru
44.7
44.8
44.7
45.1
45.0
45.0
Toyota
45.5
52.5
48.5
45.6
52.6
49.0
VW
45.1
48.9
45.9
45.0
50.2
46.3
Other
51.0
51.3
51.2
50.8
51.1
51.0
All Manufacturers
46.1
53.7
49.5
46.2
53.8
49.8
Preliminary MY 2018
Car
Truck
All
47.0
50.8
48.0
48.9
52.4
51.6
46.8
60.1
55.2
46.3
58.3
53.3
46.3
50.5
47.8
46.8
47.5
46.9
46.1
50.2
47.2
45.5
48.1
46.3
48.3
51.3
49.5
45.8
52.0
48.0
45.1
45.0
45.0
45.7
51.1
48.2
45.6
50.0
47.4
49.7
50.4
50.0
46.5
53.8
50.0
36
-------
4. Vehicle Technology
Vehicle CO2 emissions, fuel economy, weight, power, acceleration, and body type have all
changed significantly over time, as shown in Section 3 of this report. Many of these
attributes have improved in recent years, driven by an increasingly wide array of
technological advancements developed by the automotive industry. Automotive engineers
and designers are constantly creating and evaluating new technology and deciding how, or
if, it should be applied to their vehicles.
This section of the report focuses on three separate technological areas of a vehicle: the
engine, transmission, and driveline. The engine (or motor) of an automobile is at the heart
of any vehicle design and allows the vehicle to convert energy stored in fuel (or a battery)
into rotational energy. The transmission converts the rotational energy from the relatively
narrow range of speeds available at the engine to the appropriate speed required for the
driving conditions. The driveline transfers the rotational energy from the transmission to
the two or four wheels being used to move the vehicle. Each of these components has
energy losses, or inefficiencies, which ultimately increase vehicle CO2 emissions and
decrease fuel economy. A basic illustration of the energy flow through a vehicle is shown in
Figure 4.1. Hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
(PHEVs) may have somewhat different configurations than shown in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1. Vehicle Energy Flow
37
-------
Manufacturers are adopting many new technologies to improve efficiency. Figure 4.2
illustrates projected manufacturer-specific technology adoption, with larger circles
representing higher adoption rates, for model year 2018. The figure shows preliminary
model year 2018 technology projections to provide insight on a quickly changing industry,
even though there is some uncertainty in the preliminary data.
Figure 4.2. Manufacturer Use of Emerging Technologies for Model Year 2018
Honda -
Mazda -
Hyundai -
Subaru -
Kia -
Nissan- _
Mitsubishi"
VW-
BMW -
Toyota -
Mercedes -
Ford -
GM ¦
FCA -
All Manufacturers -
Engine technologies such as turbocharged engines (Turbo) and gasoline direct injection
(GDI) allow for more efficient engine design and operation. Cylinder deactivation (CD)
allows for only using part of the engine when less power is needed, and stop/start can turn
off the engine entirely when the vehicle is stopped to save fuel. Hybrid vehicles use a larger
battery to recapture braking energy and provide power when necessary, allowing for a
smaller, more efficiently-operated engine. Transmissions that have seven or more speeds,
44%
76%
63%
24%
25%
5%
3%
2%
20%
96%
38%
13%
77%
10%
4%
1%
5%
31%
92%
10%
86%
10%
5%
8%
2%
7%
21%
76%
12%
2%
1
%
2%
83%
99%
63%
1%
59%
1%
97%
94%
88%
84%
7%
3%
2%
27%
30%
6%
11%
1%
86%
100%
100%
2%
79%
2%
56%
42%
4%
35%
59%
3%
0%
40%
89%
2%
40%
43%
44%
1%
2%
10%
7%
1%
78%
12%
41%
4%
1%
31%
51%
22%
36%
12%
28%
4%
3%
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Turbo GDI CVT 7+Gears CD StopStart Hybrid PHEV/
EV/FCV
38
-------
or continuously variable transmissions (CVT) allow the engine to operate more frequently
closer to its peak efficiency, providing more efficient average engine operation and a
reduction in fuel usage.
The technologies in Figure 4.2 are all being adopted by manufacturers to reduce CO2
emissions and increase fuel economy. In some cases, the adoption is rapid. For example,
GDI was used in fewer than 3% of vehicles as recently as model year 2008 but is projected
to be in about 50% of vehicles in model year 2018. Electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are a small but growing percentage of
new vehicles.
Each of the thirteen manufacturers shown in Figure 4.2 have included at least three of
these technologies in their new vehicles. However, it is also clear that manufacturers'
strategies to develop and adopt new technologies are unique and can vary significantly.
Each manufacturer is choosing technologies that best meet the design requirements of
their vehicles, and in many cases, that technology is changing quickly. The rest of this
section will explore how engine, transmission, and driveline technology in general has
changed since 1975, the impact of those technology changes, and the rate at which
technology is adopted by the industry.
Vehicle engine technology has continually evolved in the 40+ years since EPA began
collecting data. Over that time, engines using gasoline as a fuel have dominated the
market, and the technology on those engines has changed dramatically. More recently,
new engine designs such as PHEVs, EVs, and even FCVs have begun to enter the market,
potentially offering dramatic reductions in tailpipe CO2 emissions and further increases in
fuel economy.
The trend in engine technology since model year 1975 is shown in Figure 4.3. Vehicles that
use an engine that operates exclusively on gasoline (including hybrids, but not plug-in
hybrids which also use electricity) have held at least 95% of the light-duty vehicle market in
almost every year. Vehicles with diesel engines briefly captured almost 6% of the market in
model year 1981 but have been less than 1% of the market in most other years. PHEVs,
EVs, and FCVs have added to the increasing array of technology available in the automotive
marketplace and have been capturing a small but growing portion of the market.
39
-------
Figure 4.3. Production Share by Engine Technology
100%
CD
i_
CO
CO
c
o
o
"O
o
100% -
75% -
50% -
25% -
Car
Truck
1975 1980 1985 1990
1 1 1 T
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
Fuel Delivery
Valve Timing
Number of Valves
Key
Carbureted
Fixed
Two-Valve
1
Multi-Valve
2
Throttle Body Injection
Fixed
Two-Valve
3
Multi-Valve
4
Port Fuel Injection
Fixed
Two-Valve
5
Multi-Valve
6
Variable
Two-Valve
7
Multi-Valve
8
Gasoline Direct Injection
Fixed
Multi-Valve
9
(GDI)
Variable
Multi-Valve
10
Two-Valve
ill
Diesel
—
—
B
EV/PHEV/FCV
—
—
40
-------
Engines that use only gasoline as a fuel (including hybrids) are further divided based on
three broad parameters for Figure 4.3: fuel delivery, valve timing, and number of valves per
cylinder. All of these parameters enable better control of the combustion process, which in
turn can allow for lower CO2 emissions, increased fuel economy, and/or more power. Fuel
delivery refers to the method of creating an air and fuel mixture for combustion. The
technology for fuel delivery has changed over time: from carburetors to fuel injection
systems located in the intake system, and more recently to gasoline direct injection (GDI)
systems that spray gasoline directly into the engine cylinder.
The valves on each cylinder of the engine determine the amount and timing of air entering
and exhaust gases exiting the cylinder during the combustion process. Valve timing has
evolved from fixed timing to variable valve timing (WT), which can allow for much more
precise control. Finally, the number of valves per cylinder has generally increased, again
offering more control of air and exhaust flows. All of these changes have led to modern
engines with much more precise control of the combustion process.
Figure 4.3 shows many different engine designs as they have entered, and in many cases
exited, the automotive market. Some fleetwide changes occurred gradually, but in some
cases (for example trucks in the late 1980s), engine technology experienced widespread
change in only a few years. Evolving technology offers opportunities to improve fuel
economy, CO2 emissions, power, and other vehicle parameters. The following analysis will
look at technology trends within gasoline engines (including hybrids), PHEVs and EVs, and
diesel engines. Each of these categories of engine technologies has unique properties,
metrics, and trends over time.
Gasoline Engines
Since EPA began tracking vehicle data in 1975, nearly 600 million vehicles have been
produced for sale in the United States. Over 99 percent of those vehicles used gasoline
engines as the only source of power (this includes hybrids). Gasoline engine technology has
continually evolved and expanded over this time, resulting in a rich data source for
examining the long-term technology trends in gasoline vehicles. Figure 4.3 shows an
overview of this evolution, and the following discussion focuses on metrics that are
applicable to gasoline engines. For the purposes of this report, hybrid vehicles are included
with gasoline engines, as are "flex fuel" vehicles that are capable of operating on gasoline
or a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline (E85).
41
-------
Engine Size and Displacement
Engine size is generally described in one of two ways, either the number of cylinders or the
total displacement of the engine (the total volume of the cylinders). Engine size is
important because larger engines strongly correlate with higher fuel use. Figure 4.4 shows
the trends in engine size over time, as measured by number of cylinders.
Figure 4.4. Gasoline Engine Production Share by Number of Cylinders
100% -
75% -
50% -
25% -
0% -
Cylinders
3 Cylinder
4 Cylinder
¦ 6 Cylinder
¦ 8 Cylinder
I Other
t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
In the mid and late 1970s, the 8-cylinder engine was dominant, accounting for well over
half of all new vehicle production. In model year 1980 there was a significant change in the
market, as 8-cylinder engine production share dropped to about a quarter of the market
and 4-cylinder production share increased to 45% of the market. Between model year 1980
and model year 1992, 4-cylinder engines were the most popular engines, although they
slowly lost ground to 6-cylinder engines, and in model year 1992 6-cylinder engines
became the most popular engine option. In model year 2009, 4-cylinder engines increased
13 percentage points in a single year to again become the most popular engine option,
capturing a little over half of all production. Production share of 4-cylinder engines has
generally increased since, and is at the highest point on record, accounting for 60% of
42
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production in model year 2017. Production share of 8-cylinder engines has continued to
decrease, to less than 10%. Projected data for model year 2018 suggests that these trends
will continue.
Overall engine size, as measured by the total volume of all the engine's cylinders, is directly
related to the number of cylinders. As vehicles have moved towards engines with a lower
number of cylinders, the total engine size, or displacement, is also at an all-time low. The
average new vehicle in model year 1975 had a displacement of nearly 300 cubic inches,
compared to an average of 138 cubic inches today. Gasoline engine displacement per
cylinder has been relatively stable over the time of this report (around 35 cubic inches per
cylinder since 1980), so the reduction in overall new vehicle engine displacement is almost
entirely due to the shift towards engines with fewer cylinders.
The contrasting trends in horsepower (at all-time high) and engine displacement (at an all-
time low) highlight the continuing improvement in engines. These improvements are due
to the development of new technologies and ongoing design improvements that allow for
more efficient use of fuel or reduce internal engine friction. One additional way to examine
the relationship between engine horsepower and displacement is to look at the trend in
specific power (HP/Displacement), which is a metric to compare the power output of an
engine relative to its size.
Specific power has increased more than 175% since model year 1975, and has done so at a
remarkably steady rate, as shown in Figure 4.5. The specific power of new vehicle gasoline
engines has increased by about 0.02 horsepower per cubic inch every year for 40+ years.
Considering the numerous and significant changes to engines over this time span, changes
in consumer preferences, and the external pressures on vehicle purchases, the long-
standing linearity of this trend is noteworthy. The roughly linear increase in specific power
does not appear to be slowing. Turbocharged engines, direct injection, higher compression
ratios, and many other engine technologies are likely to continue increasing engine specific
power.
Figure 4.5 also shows two other important engine metrics, the amount of fuel consumed
compared to the overall size of the engine (Fuel Consumption/Displacement), and the
amount of fuel consumed relative to the amount of power produced by an engine (Fuel
Consumption/HP). The amount of fuel consumed by a gasoline engine, relative to the total
displacement, has fallen about 15% since model year 1975, and fuel consumption relative
to engine horsepower has fallen more than 65% since model year 1975. Taken as a whole,
the trend lines in Figure 4.5 clearly show that gasoline engine improvements over time
43
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have been steady, continual, and have resulted in impressive improvements to internal
combustion engines.
Figure 4.5. Percent Change for Specific Gasoline Engine Metrics
Fuel Delivery Systems and Valvetrains
All gasoline engines require a fuel delivery system that controls the flow of fuel delivered
into the engine. The process for controlling fuel flow has change significantly over time,
allowing for much more control over the combustion process and thus more efficient
engines. In the 1970s and early 1980s, nearly all gasoline engines used carburetors to
meter fuel delivered to the engine. Carburetors were replaced over time with fuel injection
systems; first throttle body injection (TBI) systems, then port fuel injection (PFI) systems,
and more recently gasoline direct injection (GDI), as shown in Figure 4.3. TBI and PFI
systems use fuel injectors to electronically deliver fuel and mix it with air outside of the
engine cylinder; the resulting air and fuel mixture is then delivered to the engine cylinders
for combustion. Engines that utilize GDI spray fuel directly into the air in the engine
cylinder for better control of the combustion process. Engines using GDI were first
200%
HP/Displacement
Fuel Consumption/Displacement
Fuel Consumption/HP
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
44
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introduced into the market with very limited production in model year 2007. Ten years
later, GDI engines were installed in 50% of model year 2017 gasoline vehicles and are
projected to continue increasing.
Another key aspect of engine design is the valvetrain. Each engine cylinder must have a set
of valves that allow for air (or an air/fuel mixture) to flow into the engine cylinder prior to
combustion and for exhaust gases to exit the cylinder after combustion. The number of
valves per cylinder and the method of controlling the valves (i.e., the valvetrain) directly
impacts the overall efficiency of the engine. Generally, engines with four valves per cylinder
instead of two and valvetrains that can alter valve timing during the combustion cycle can
provide more engine control and increase engine power and efficiency.
This report began tracking multi-valve engines (i.e., engines with more than two valves per
cylinder) for cars in model year 1986 and for trucks in model year 1994. Since that time
nearly the entire fleet has converted to multi-valve design. While some three- and five-valve
engines have been produced, the vast majority of multi-valve engines are based on four
valves per cylinder. Engines with four valves generally use two valves for air intake and two
valves for exhaust. In addition, this report began tracking variable valve timing (VVT)
technology for cars in model year 1990 and for trucks in model year 2000, and since then
nearly the entire fleet has also adopted this technology. Figure 4.3 shows the evolution of
engine technology, including fuel delivery method and the introduction of VVT and multi-
valve engines.
As shown in Figure 4.3, fuel delivery and valvetrain technologies have often been
developed simultaneously. Nearly all carbureted engines relied on fixed valve timing and
had two valves per cylinder, as did early port-injected engines. Port-injected engines largely
developed into engines with both multi-valve and WT technology. Engines with GDI are
almost exclusively using multi-valve and WT technology. These four engine groupings, or
packages, represent a large share of the engines produced over the lifetime of the Trends
database.
Figure 4.6 shows the changes in specific power and fuel consumption for each of these
engine packages over time. There is a very clear increase in specific power of each engine
package as engines moved from carbureted engines to engines with two valves, fixed
timing and port fuel injection, then to engines with multi-valve WT and port fuel injection,
and finally to GDI engines. Some of the increase for GDI engines may also be due to the
fact that GDI engines are often paired with turbochargers to further increase power. Figure
4.6 also shows the reduction in fuel consumption per horsepower for each of the four
engine packages.
45
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Figure 4.6. Engine Metrics for Different Gasoline Technology Packages
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.4
GDI
L /
Variable and
Multi-Valve
Technology
Fixed and Single
Valve Technology
Carb
0.06 -
0.05 -
0.04 -
0.03 -
0.02 -
0.01 -I
Carb
Variable and
Fixed and Single
Multi-Valve
Valve Technology
Technology
GDI
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201020152020
Model Year
46
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Turbocfaargiiig
Turbochargers increase the power that an engine can produce by forcing more air, and
thus fuel, into the engine. An engine with a turbocharger can produce more power than an
identically sized engine that is naturally aspirated or does not have a turbocharger. The
pressure of the exhaust gases provides the power to operate a turbocharger.
Superchargers operate the same way as turbochargers but are directly connected to the
engine for power. Alternate turbocharging and supercharging methods, such as electric
superchargers, are also beginning to emerge.
Turbocharged engines have been increasing rapidly in the marketplace, as shown in Figure
4.7, and almost 30% of all engines are expected to be turbocharged gasoline engines in
model year 2018. Many of these engines are applying turbochargers to create "turbo
downsized" engine packages that can combine the improved fuel economy of smaller
engines during normal operation but can provide the power of a larger engine by engaging
the turbocharger when necessary. As evidence of this turbo downsizing, about 80% of
turbocharged engines are 4-cylinder engines, with most other turbochargers being used in
6-cylinder engines. This is shown in Figure 4.8.
Most of the current turbocharged engines also use GDI and WT. This allows for more
efficient engine operation, helps increase the resistance to premature combustion (engine
knock), and reduces turbo lag (the amount of time it takes for a turbocharger to engage). In
model year 2017, more than 90% of new vehicles with gasoline turbocharged engines also
used GDI.
Figure 4.9 examines the distribution of engine displacement and power of turbocharged
engines over time. In model year 2010, turbochargers were used mostly in cars, and were
available on engines both above and below the average engine displacement. The biggest
increase in turbocharger use over the last few years has been in cars with engine
displacement well below the average displacement. The distribution of horsepower for
turbocharged engines is much closer to the average horsepower, even though the
displacement is smaller, reflecting the higher power per displacement of turbocharged
engines. This trend towards adding turbochargers to smaller, less powerful engines is
consistent with the turbo downsizing trend.
47
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Figure 4.7. Gasoline Turbo Engine Production Share by Vehicle Type
CD
i_
CO
en
c
o
o
"O
o
30%
20%
10%
2003
2008 2013
Model Year
2018
VehicleType
Sedan/Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
Minivan/Van
| Pickup
Figure 4.8. Gasoline Turbo Engine Production Share by Number of Cylinders
30%
CD
TO 20%-
CO
c
o
t3
"O
o
10%
o%-
2003
2008 2013
Model Year
2018
Cylinders
4 Cylinder
| 6 Cylinder
| 8 Cylinder
I Other
-tnaa
-------
Figure 4.9. Distribution of Gasoline Turbo Vehicles by Displacement and
Horsepower, Model Year 2011, 2014, and 2017
Horsepower
Displacement (cubic inches)
2,500-
2,000-
1,500-
1,000-
500-
0-
2,500-
o
2,000-
o
o
1,500-
o
o
1,000-
T3
O
CL
500-
0-
2,500-
2,000-
1,500-
1,000-
500-
0-
Mean HP,
All Cars
-Mean HP,
All Trucks
Mean
Displacement,
All Cars
Mean
— Displacement,
All Trucks
Mean HP,
All Cars
Mean HP
All Trucks
Mean
Displacement
All Cars
Mean HP
Mean HP,
All Trucks
Mean
Displacement,
All Cars
A Cars
Mean
Displacement,
All Trucks
Mean
— Displacement,
All Trucks
t 1 1 n 1 1 1 r
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
i i i
Truck
Car
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
-tnaa
-------
Cylinder Deactivation
Cylinder deactivation is an engine management approach that turns off the flow of fuel to
one or more engine cylinders when driving conditions do not require full engine power.
This effectively allows a large engine to act as a smaller engine when the additional
cylinders are not needed, increasing engine efficiency and fuel economy. The use of
cylinder deactivation in gasoline vehicles has been steadily climbing, and in model year
2017 gasoline engines with cylinder deactivation were 12% of all vehicles. This trend is
expected to continue, especially as new improvements to cylinder deactivation technology,
such as dynamic cylinder deactivation, reach the market.
Stop/Start
Engine stop/start technology allows the engine to be automatically turned off at idle, and
very quickly restarted when the driver releases the brake pedal to move forward. By
turning the engine off, a vehicle can eliminate the fuel use and CO2 emissions that would
have occurred if the engine was left running. This report began tracking stop/start
technology in model year 2012 at less than one percent, and already the use of stop/start
has increased to 18% of all vehicles, with an increase to almost 30% projected for model
year 2018.
Hybrids
Gasoline hybrid vehicles feature a battery pack that is larger than the battery found on a
typical gasoline vehicle, which allows these vehicles to store and strategically apply
electrical energy to supplement the gasoline engine. The result is that the engine can be
smaller than what would be needed in a non-hybrid vehicle, and the engine can be
operated near its peak efficiency more often. Hybrids also utilize regenerative braking,
which uses a motor/generator to capture energy from braking instead of losing that energy
to friction and heat, as in traditional friction braking, and stop/start technology to turn off
the engine at idle. The combination of these strategies can result in significant reductions
in fuel use and CO2 emissions.
Hybrids were first introduced in the U.S. marketplace in model year 2000 with the Honda
Insight. As more models and options were introduced, hybrid production generally
increased to 3.8% of all vehicles in model year 2010. Since then, production of hybrids has
remained in the range of 2-3% as shown in Figure 4.10. As shown in Figure 4.11, most
hybrid vehicles have utilized 4-cylinder engines.
50
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Figure 4.10. Gasoline Hybrid Engine Production Share by Vehicle Type
CD
i_
CO
cn
c
o
o
"O
o
Vehicle Type
Sedan/Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
I Pickup
2000 2005 2010
Model Year
2015
2020
Figure 4.11. Gasoline Hybrid Engine Production Share by Number of Cylinders
4%
CD
i_
CO
cn
c
o
o
"O
o
Cylinders
4 Cylinder
| 6 Cylinder
| 8 Cylinder
¦ Other
2000
2005
2010
Model Year
2015
2020
51
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The production-weighted distribution of fuel economy for all hybrid cars by year is shown
in Figure 4.12. Hybrid cars, on average, had fuel economy more than 50% higher than the
average non-hybrid car in model year 2017. As a production weighted average, hybrid cars
(including sedan/wagons and car SUVs) achieved 45 mpg for model year 2017, while the
average non-hybrid car achieved about 29 mpg.
Figure 4.12 is presented only for cars since the production of hybrid trucks has been
limited. While the average fuel economy of hybrid cars remains higher than the average
fuel economy of non-hybrid cars, the difference has narrowed considerably. Average
hybrid car fuel economy has been relatively stable since model year 2001, while the fuel
economy of the average non-hybrid car has increased more than 26%.
Figure 4.12. Hybrid Real-World Fuel Economy Distribution, Cars Only
60-
50-
eT
CL
i. 40-
E
o
8 30-
LD
0
2 20 "
CC 10 "
CD
01
0-
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
Highest Hybrid Car
Average Hybrid Car
Average Non-Hybrid Car
Lowest Hybrid Car
52
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sctric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles
PHEVs and EVs are two types of vehicles that can store electricity from an external source
onboard the vehicle, utilizing that stored energy to propel the vehicle. PHEVs are similar to
gasoline hybrids discussed previously but the battery packs in PHEVs can be charged from
an external electricity source; this cannot be done in gasoline hybrids. EVs operate using
only energy stored in a battery from external charging. Fuel cell vehicles use a fuel cell to
chemically convert a fuel (usually hydrogen) into electrical energy that is then used to
power the vehicle.
EVs typically result in lower CO2 emissions over their lifetime compared to gasoline
vehicles. This is due largely to two factors: EVs do not emit tailpipe emissions, and they are
much more efficient in terms of onboard energy usage because an electric motor is much
more efficient than a gasoline engine. Thus, even though there are emissions associated
with the generation of electricity, the EV overall uses less energy than its gasoline-powered
counterpart. Further, electricity-related CO2 emissions vary depending on the electricity's
fuel source. The mix of fuel sources used to generate electricity varies across the country,
so the amount of CO2 associated with electricity production similarly varies across the U.S.
To enable a comparison between EVs and gasoline vehicles, EVs are rated in terms of miles
per gallon-equivalent (mpge), which is the number of miles that an EV travels on an amount
of electrical energy equivalent to the energy in a gallon of gasoline.
PHEVs combine the benefits of EVs with the benefits of a gasoline hybrid. These vehicles
can operate either on electricity or gasoline, allowing for a wide range of engine designs
and strategies for the utilization of stored electrical energy during typical driving. The use
of electricity to provide some or all of the energy required for propulsion can significantly
lower fuel consumption and tailpipe CO2 emissions. For a much more detailed discussion
of EV and PHEV metrics, as well as upstream emissions from electricity, see Appendix E.
The production of EVs and PHEVs has increased rapidly in recent years. Prior to model year
2011, EVs were available, but generally only in small numbers for lease in California.10 In
model year 2011 the first PHEV, the Chevrolet Volt, was introduced along with the Nissan
Leaf EV. Many additional models have been introduced since, and in model year 2017
combined EV/PHEV sales reached 1.4% of overall production, as shown in Figure 4.13.
Combined EV/PHEV production is projected to reach almost 3% in model year 2018. The
inclusion of model year 2017 EV and PHEV sales reduces the overall new vehicle average
10 At least over the timeframe covered by this report. Electric vehicles were initially produced more than 100
years ago.
53
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C02 emissions by 4 g/mi, and this impact will continue to grow if EV and PHEV production
increases. In model year 2017 there were three hydrogen FCVs available for sale, but they
are only available in the state of California and in very small numbers. However there
continues to be interest in FCVs as a future technology.
Figure 4.13. Production Share of EVs, PHEVs, and FCVs, Model Year 1995-201711
2.5%
2.0%
0
i_
CD
_£=
(J)
C
o
'-4—'
o
D
T3
O
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0%
T
X
T
Plug-In Hybrid EV
Electric Vehicle
Fuel Cell Vehicle
1995
2000 2005 2010
Model Year
2015
Figure 4.14 shows the range and fuel economy trends for EVs and PHEVs. The average
range of new EVs has climbed substantially. In model year 2018 the average new EV is
11 EV production data were supplemented with data from Ward's and other publicly available production data
for model years prior to 2011. The data only include offerings from original equipment manufacturers and does
not include data on vehicles converted to alternative fuels in the aftermarket.
54
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projected to have a 273-mile range, or more than three and a half times the range of an
average EV in 2011. This difference is largely attributable to higher production of new EVs
with much longer ranges. The range values shown for PHEVs are the charge-depleting
range, where the vehicle is operating on energy in the battery from an external source. This
is generally the electric range of the PHEV, although the design of the specific vehicles may
also use the gasoline engine in small amounts during charge depleting operation. The
average charge depleting range for PHEVs has remained unchanged since model year
2011.
Along with improving range, the fuel economy of electric vehicles has also improved as
measured in miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent (mpge). The fuel economy of electric
vehicles has increased about 20% since model year 2011. The combined fuel economy of
PHEVs has been more variable and does not appear to have a clear trend. For more
information about EV and PHEV metrics, see Appendix E of this report.
Figure 4.14. Charge Depleting Range and Fuel Economy Trends for EVs and
PHEVs
Range (mi) Fuel Economy (mpge)
200-
Electric Vehicles
100-
Plug-ln Hybrid
Electric Vehicles
2012
2014
2016
2018
120-
Electric Vehicles
100-
80-
Plug-ln Hybrid
Electric Vehicles
60-
2012
2014
2016
2018
Model Year
55
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' Vsel Engines
Vehicles with diesel engines have been available in the U.S. at least as long as EPA has been
collecting data. However, sales of diesel vehicles have rarely broken more than 1 % of the
overall market. Diesel vehicle sales peaked at 5.9% of the market in model year 1981, but
quickly fell back to below 1 % of production per year. While the overall percentage of diesel
vehicles is low, there are still new vehicles entering the market.
Vehicles that rely on diesel fuel often achieve higher fuel economy than gasoline vehicles,
largely because the energy density of diesel fuel is about 15% higher than that of gasoline.
However, there is less of an advantage in terms of CO2 emissions because diesel fuel also
contains about 15% more carbon per gallon, and thus emits more CO2 per gallon burned
than gasoline.
Figure 4.15 shows the production share of diesel engines by vehicle type. Diesel engines
have historically been more prevalent in the sedan/wagon vehicle type, however there has
been very limited diesel sedan/wagon production in recent years. Light-duty diesel pickup
trucks have recently re-entered the market, although only in small volumes. This report
does not include the largest pickup trucks and work or vocational trucks, which have a
higher penetration of diesel engines. As shown in Figure 4.16, current production of diesel
engines for light-duty vehicles is limited to smaller four and six-cylinder engines.
Diesel engines, as with gasoline engines, have improved over time. Figure 4.17 shows the
same metrics and trends that are explored in Figure 4.5 for gasoline engines. The specific
power (HP/displacement) for diesel engines has increased about 200% since model year
1975. Fuel consumption per displacement dropped slightly in the 1980s but has increased
back to about the same level as in model year 1975. Finally, fuel consumption per
horsepower for diesel engines has declined about 75% since model year 1975.
The Department of Justice and EPA have reached settlements with Volkswagen and Fiat
Chrysler Automobiles based on the sale of certain diesel vehicles equipped with devices to
defeat the vehicles' emission control systems. This report includes the original fuel
economy and GHG certification values of these vehicles, as EPA believes this is a
reasonable representation of how these vehicles were expected to perform. The affected
vehicles are certain model year 2009 to 2016 diesel vehicles from Volkswagen and 2014 to
2016 diesel vehicles from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and account for less than 1 % of
production in all affected years. For more information about these investigations, please
see https://www.epa.gov/vw or https://www.epa.gov/fca.
56
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Figure 4.15. Diesel Engine Production Share by Vehicle Type
6%
4% -
2%
0%
1
1
J
L
u
Vehicle Type
Sedan/Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
Minivan/Van
| Pickup
—i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
Figure 4.16. Diesel Engine Production Share by Number of Cylinders
CD
CC
_C
CO
c
o
'-4—'
o
=3
"O
o
6%
4%
2%
0%-
¦
J
¦lid
L^l
Cylinders
4 Cylinder
| 6 Cylinder
| 8 Cylinder
I Other
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
57
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Figure 4.17. Percent Change for Specific Diesel Engine Metrics
200% -
150% -
100% -
50% -
0% -
-50% -
HP/Displacement
Fuel Consumption/Displacement
Fuel Consumption/HP
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
Other Engine Technologies
In addition to the engine technologies described above, there have been a small number of
other technologies available in the U.S. marketplace over the years. Vehicles that operate
on compressed natural gas (CNG) are one example, but there are currently no CNG
vehicles available from vehicle manufacturers (aftermarket conversions are not included
here). This report will continue to track all vehicles produced for sale in the U.S., and if CNG
or other technologies reach widespread availability they will be included in future versions
of this report.
iVHjj
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B. Transmission and Drive Types
The vehicle transmission and driveline connect the engine to the wheels, as shown in
Figure 4.1. There are two important aspects of transmissions that impact overall vehicle
efficiency and fuel economy. First, as torque (rotational force) is transferred through the
transmission, a small amount is lost to friction, which reduces vehicle efficiency. Second,
the design of the transmission impacts how the engine is operated, and generally
transmissions with more speeds offer more opportunity to operate the engine in the most
efficient way possible. For example, a vehicle with an eight-speed transmission will have
more flexibility in determining engine operation than a vehicle with a five-speed
transmission. This can lead to reduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions compared to a
vehicle that is identical except for the number of transmission gears.
Transmissions
Transmission designs have been rapidly evolving to increase the number of gears available
and allow for both better engine operation and improved efficiency. The number of gears
in new vehicles continues to increase, as does the use of continuously variable
transmissions (CVTs). Figure 4.18 shows the evolution of transmission production share for
cars and trucks since model year 1980.12 For this analysis, transmissions are separated into
manual transmissions, CVTs, and automatic transmissions. Automatic transmissions are
further separated into those with and without lockup mechanisms, which can lock up the
torque converter in an automatic transmission under certain driving conditions and
improve efficiency. CVTs have also been split into hybrid and non-hybrid versions to reflect
the fact that hybrid CVTs are generally very different mechanically from traditional CVTs.
Dual clutch transmissions (DCTs) are essentially automatic transmissions that operate
internally much more like traditional manual transmissions. The two main advantages of
DCTs are that they can shift very quickly, and they can avoid some of the internal resistance
of a traditional automatic transmission by eliminating the torque converter. Currently,
automaker submissions to EPA do not explicitly identify DCTs as a separate transmission
category. Thus, the introduction of DCTs shows up in Figure 4.18 as a slight increase in
automatic transmissions without torque converters (although some DCTs may still be
reported as traditional automatic transmissions).
12 EPA has incomplete transmission data prior to MY 1980.
-------
Figure 4.18. Transmission Production Share
Car
o 100%-
"O
2
75% -
50% -
25% -
0%-
i i i i i i i i i
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
CD
CO
Cf)
c
100%-
75% -
50% -
25% -
0%-
CVT(h)
WA CVT(n-h)
Truck
CVT(h)
CVT(n-h)
Transmission
Lockup?
Number of Gears
Key
Automatic
No
3
A3
Semi-Automatic
4
A4
Automated Manual
5
A5*
6
A6
7
A7
8
A8*
Yes
2
L2*
3
L3
4
L4
5
L5
6
L6
7
L7
8
L8
9
L9
10
L10
Manual
-
3
M3
4
M4
5
M5
6
M6
7
M7*
Continuously Variable
(non-hybrid)
—
—
CVT(n-h)
Continuously Variable
(hybrid)
—
—
CVT(h)
Other
-
Other
'Categories A5, A8, L2, and M7 are too small to depict in the area plot.
H 60
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In the early 1980s, three-speed automatic transmissions, both with and without lockup
torque converters (shown as L3 and A3) were the most popular transmissions, but by
model year 1985, the four-speed automatic transmission with lockup (L4) became the most
popular transmission, a position it would hold for 25 years. Over 80% of all new vehicles
produced in model year 1999 were equipped with an L4 transmission. After model year
1999, the production share of L4 transmissions slowly decreased as L5 and L6
transmissions were introduced into the market. Production of L5 and L6 transmissions
combined passed the production of L4 transmissions in model year 2007. Interestingly,
five-speed transmissions were never the leading transmission technology in terms of
production share.
Six-speed transmissions became the most popular transmission choice in model year 2010
and reached 60% of new vehicle production in model year 2013. However, six-speed
transmissions may already have peaked, as transmissions with more than six-speeds and
CVTs have been expanding quickly. CVTs were installed in almost 25% of all new vehicles in
model year 2017 (including hybrids). This is a significant increase considering that, as
recently as model year 2006, CVTs were installed in less than 2% of vehicles produced.
Transmissions with seven or more speeds were installed in almost 25% of vehicles in
model year 2017 and are quickly increasing.
Figure 4.19 shows the average number of gears in new vehicle transmissions since model
year 1980 for automatic and manual transmissions. The average number of gears in new
vehicles has been steadily climbing for car, trucks, automatic transmissions, and manual
transmissions. In model year 1980, automatic transmissions, on average, had fewer gears
than manual transmissions. However, automatic transmissions have added gears faster
than manual transmissions, and now the average automatic transmission has more gears
than the average manual transmission.
Since 1980, there has also been a large shift away from manual transmissions. Manual
transmission production peaked in model year 1980 at nearly 35% of production and has
since fallen to 2.1 % in model year 2017. Today, manual transmissions are used primarily in
small vehicles, some sports cars, and a few pickups.
-------
Figure 4.19. Average Number of Transmission Gears for New Vehicles
Car Truck
Manual
Manual
Automatic
Automatic
Model Year
In the past, automatic transmissions have generally been less efficient than manual
transmissions, largely due to inefficiencies in the automatic transmission torque converter.
Figure 4.20 examines this trend over time by comparing the fuel economy of automatic and
manual transmission options where both transmissions were available in one model with
the same engine. The average fuel economy of vehicles with automatic transmissions
appears to have increased to a point where it is now slightly higher than the average fuel
economy of vehicles with manual transmissions. Two contributing factors to this trend are
that automatic transmission design has become more efficient (using earlier lockup and
other strategies), and the number of gears used in automatic transmissions has increased
faster than in manual transmissions.
62
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Figure 4.20. Comparison of Manual and Automatic Transmission Real-World
Fuel Economy for Comparable Vehicles
Manual
Automatic
Model Year
Drive Types
There has been a long and steady trend in new vehicle drive type away from rear-wheel
drive vehicles towards front-wheel drive and four-wheel drive vehicles, as shown in Figure
4.21. In model year 1975, over 91 % of new vehicles were produced with rear-wheel drive.
Since then, production of rear-wheel drive vehicles has steadily declined to less than 10% in
model year 2017. Current production of rear-wheel drive vehicles is mostly limited to
pickup trucks and some performance vehicles.
As production of rear-wheel drive vehicles declined, production of front-wheel drive
vehicles increased. Front-wheel drive vehicle production was only 5% of new vehicle
production in model year 1975 but began increasing until about 64% of all new vehicles in
model year 1990 were front-wheel drive designs. Front-wheel drive has remained the most
popular vehicle design, but the production share of front-wheel drive vehicles has been
falling as production of four-wheel drive vehicles has been steadily growing. Four-wheel
drive (including all-wheel drive) systems have increased from 3.3% in model year 1975 to
41 % in model year 2017. If this trend continues, four-wheel drive may be the most popular
drive system within a few years.
63
-------
Figure 4.21. Front-, Rear-, and Four-Wheel Drive Production Share
d)
i—
CO
.c
CO
c
o
o
3
T3
O
100%-
75% -
50% -
25% -
0%-
Drive
Four-Wheel Drive
Front-Wheel Drive
Rear-Wheel Drive
—i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Model Year
64
-------
C. Technology Adoption
One additional way to evaluate the evolution of technology in the automotive industry is to
focus on how technology has been adopted over time. Understanding how the industry has
adopted technology can lead to a better understanding of past changes in the industry,
and how emerging technology may be integrated in the future. The following analysis
provides more details about how manufacturers and the overall industry have adopted
new technology.
Industry-Wide Technology Adoption Sina 1'' ^
Figure 4.22 shows industry-wide adoption rates for seven technologies in passenger cars.
These technologies are fuel injection (including throttle body, port, and direct injection),
front-wheel drive, multi-valve engines (i.e., engines with more than two valves per cylinder),
engines with variable valve timing, lockup transmissions, advanced transmissions
(transmissions with six or more speeds, and CVTs), and gasoline direct injection engines. To
provide a common scale, the adoption rates are plotted in terms of the number of years
after the technology achieved first significant use in the industry. First significant use
generally represents a production threshold of 1 %, though in some cases, where full data
are not available, first significant use represents a slightly higher production share.
The technology adoption pattern shown in Figure 4.22 is roughly similar for each of the
seven technologies, even though they vary widely in application, complexity, and when they
were initially introduced. It has taken, on average, approximately 15-20 years for new
technologies to reach maximum penetration across the industry. GDI is a newer technology
that has likely not reached maximum penetration across the industry but appears to be
following the adoption trend of other more mature technologies. While some of these
technologies may eventually be adopted in 100% of new vehicles, there may be reasons
that other technologies, like front-wheel drive, will likely never be adopted in all vehicles.
Adoption rates for these technologies in trucks are similar, with the exception of front-
wheel drive.
The analysis for Figure 4.22 focuses on technologies that have achieved widespread use by
multiple manufacturers and does not look at narrowly-adopted technologies which never
achieved widespread use. One limitation to the data in this report is that EPA does not
begin tracking technology production share data until after the technologies had achieved
some limited market share. For example, EPA did not begin to track multi-valve engine data
until model year 1986 for cars and model year 1994 for trucks, and in both cases multi-
valve engines had captured about 5% market share by that time. Likewise, turbochargers
65
-------
were not tracked in Trends until model year 1996 for cars and model year 2003 for trucks,
and while turbochargers had less than a 1 % market share in both cases at that time, it is
likely that turbochargers had exceeded 1 % market share in the late 1980s. Cylinder
deactivation was utilized by at least one major manufacturer in the 1980s.
Figure 4.22. Industry-Wide Car Technology Penetration after First Significant
Use
100% -
Fuel Injection
Advanced
Transmission
75% -
50% -
25% -
0%-
i
0
Front
Wheel
Drive
Lockup
Multi-Valve
'Variable
Valve
Timing
i
10
i
30
20
40
Years after First Significant Use
Technology Adoption by Manufacturers
The rate at which the overall industry adopts technology is determined by how quickly, and
at what point in time, individual manufacturers adopt the technology. While it is important
to understand the industry-wide adoption rates over time, the trends in Figure 4.22 mask
the fact that not all manufacturers introduced these technologies at the same time, or at
the same rate. The "sequencing" of manufacturers introducing new technologies is an
important aspect of understanding the overall industry trend of technology adoption.
66
-------
Figure 4.23 begins to disaggregate the industry-wide trends to examine how individual
manufacturers have adopted new technologies.13 For each technology, Figure 4.23 shows
the amount of time it took specific manufacturers to move from initial introduction to 80%
penetration for each technology, as well as the same data for the overall industry. After
80% penetration, the technology is assumed to be largely incorporated into the
manufacturer's fleet, and changes between 80% and 100% are not highlighted.
Of the seven technologies shown in Figure 4.23, five are now at or near full market
penetration for the included manufacturers, and two are still in the process of adoption by
manufacturers. The technologies shown in Figure 4.23 vary widely in terms of complexity,
application, and when they were introduced into the market. For each technology, there
are clearly variations between manufacturers, both in terms of when they began to adopt a
technology, and the rate with which they adopted the technology. The degree of variation
between the manufacturers also varies by technology.
The data for variable valve timing (VVT), for example, show that several manufacturers
adopted the technology much faster than the overall industry rate might suggest. As shown
in Figure 4.22, it took a little over 20 years for WT to reach 80% penetration across the
industry. However, Figure 4.23 shows that several individual manufacturers implemented
at least 80% VVT in significantly less time than the overall industry. Therefore, it was not the
rate of technology adoption alone, but rather the staggered implementation timeframes
among manufacturers that resulted in the longer industry-wide average.
Fuel injection systems show the least amount of variation in initial adoption timing
between manufacturers, which resulted in a faster adoption by the industry overall than
technologies like WT. One important driver for adoption of fuel injection was increasingly
stringent emissions standards. Advanced transmissions, which have been available in small
numbers for some time, have very rapidly increased market penetration in recent years
and are now widely adopted. GDI engines appear to be following a similar path of quick
uptake in recent years. Turbocharged engines have long been available, but the focus on
turbo downsized engine packages is leading to much higher market penetration, although
it is too early to tell what level of penetration they will ultimately achieve industry-wide.
13 This figure is based on available data. Some technologies may have been introduced into the market before
this report began tracking them. Generally, these omissions are limited, with the exception of multi-valve
engine data for Honda. Honda had already achieved 70% penetration of multi-valve engines when this report
began tracking them in 1986, so this figure does not illustrate Honda's prior trends.
-------
Figure 4.23. Manufacturer Specific Technology Adoption over Time for Key
Technologies
CD
s—
=3
O
03
4—
=3
C
03
GM -
Toyota -
Ford -
FCA -
Honda -
Nissan-Mitsubishi -
Hyundai -
All Manufacturers -
GM -
Toyota -
Ford -
FCA -
Honda -
Nissan-Mitsubishi -
Hyundai -
All Manufacturers -
GM -
Toyota -
Ford -
FCA -
Honda -
Nissan-Mitsubishi -
Hyundai -
All Manufacturers -
GM -
Toyota -
Ford -
FCA -
Honda -
Nissan-Mitsubishi -
Hyundai -
All Manufacturers -
GM -
Toyota -
Ford -
FCA -
Honda -
Nissan-Mitsubishi -
Hyundai -
All Manufacturers -
GM -
Toyota -
Ford -
FCA -
Honda -
Nissan-Mitsubishi -
Hyundai -
All Manufacturers -
GM -
Toyota -
Ford -
FCA -
Honda -
Nissan-Mitsubishi -
Hyundai -
All Manufacturers -
Fuel Injection
1980
1990
2000
2010
Lockup
1980
1990
2000
2010
Multi-Valve
1980
1990
2000
2010
¦I
1980
1990
2000
2010
Variable Valve
Timing
Advanced
Transmissions
Gasoline Direct
Injection
Turbocharged
Model Year
Percent of Production
20% to 25%
10% to 15%
0% to 5% I
I
15% to 20%
5% to 10%
80% to 100%
68
-------
The discrepancy between manufacturer adoption rates, and the timeframe when they
chose to adopt them, is clear in Figure 4.23 for WT. For more detail, Figure 4.24 shows the
percent penetration of WT over time for each manufacturer (solid red line) versus the
average for all manufacturers (dotted grey line) and compared to the maximum
penetration by any manufacturer (solid grey line) over time. The largest increase in WT
penetration over any one-, three-, and five-year period for each manufacturer is shown in
Figure 4.24 as green, orange, and yellow boxes.
Each manufacturer clearly followed a unique trajectory to adopt WT. It took over 20 years
for nearly all new vehicles to adopt WT; however, it is also very clear that individual
manufacturers adopted WT across their own vehicle offerings much faster. All of the
manufacturers shown in Figure 4.24 were able to adopt WT across the vast majority of
their new vehicle offerings in under 15 years, and many accomplished that feat in under
ten years. As indicated by the yellow rectangles in Figure 4.24, several manufacturers
increased their penetration rates of WT by 75% or more over a five-year period. It is also
important to note that every manufacturer shown adopted WT into new vehicles at a rate
faster than the overall industry-wide data would imply. The industry average represents
both the rate that manufacturers adopted WT and the effect of manufacturers adopting
the technology at different times. Accordingly, the industry average shown in Figure 4.22
does not represent the average pace at which individual manufacturers adopted WT,
which is considerably faster.
Figure 4.23 and Figure 4.24 examine manufacturer specific technology adoption in different
ways, but both figures clearly support the conclusion that some manufacturers have been
able to adopt technology much faster than industry-wide data suggest, and that there is
significant variation in how individual manufacturers have adopted technology.
WT was first tracked in this report for cars in model year 1990 and for trucks in model year
2000. Between model year 1990 and model year 2000, there may be a small number of
trucks with WT that are not accounted for in the data. However, the first trucks with WT
produced in larger volumes (greater than 50,000 vehicles) were produced in model year
1999 and model year 2000, so the discrepancy is not enough to noticeably alter the trends
in the previous figures.
69
-------
Figure 4.24. WT Adoption Details by Manufacturer
FCA
Ford
GM
0
o
'sz
c
CD
o
s—
CD
CL
100%-
75%-
50%-
25%-
0%-
100%-
75%-
50%-
25%-
0%-
100%-
75%-
50%-
25%-
0%-
i
r
I
To
/
Honda
Hyundai
n
¥
\J\l
I
Nissan-Mitsubishi
T oyota
All Manufacturers
i
r
IU,
/
J
(
/
•A
N
\
At
4
/
L
J
~~I
LO
O
O)
~~r~
o
~i ir
O LO
o o
o o o
CM CM CM
nr-
LO
I
o
CM
O O
CM CM
O
O)
O)
LO
O)
O)
o
o
o
CM
LO
O
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CM
O
CM
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O O
cm a>
O G>
CM t-
LO
O
O)
O
o
o
CM
LO
O
O
CM
O
CM
O
CM
O
CM
O
CM
Best 1-year increase
Best 3-year increase
Best 5-year increase
Highest
Manufacturer
Fleet Average
Model Year
Technology Adoption in the Last Five Years
Over the last five years, engines and transmissions have continued to evolve and adopt
new technologies. Figure 4.25 shows the penetration of several key technologies in model
year 2012 and the projected penetration for each technology in model year 2017 vehicles.
Over that five-year span, GDI is projected to increase market share by about 27%, CVTs by
more than 10%, and transmissions with seven- or more speeds by more than 18% across
the entire industry. These are large changes taking place across the industry over a
relatively short time. As discussed in the previous section, individual manufacturers are
making technology changes at even faster rates.
70
-------
Figure 4.25. Five-Year Change in Light Duty Vehicle Technology Production
Share
GDI Turbo CD Stop/ Hybrid Diesel Six Seven CVT
Start speed speed +
There are many factors outside the scope of this report that influence the rate and timing
of when technology is adopted by individual manufacturers (e.g., price, manufacturing
constraints, regulatory drivers, etc.) While no attempt is made here to identify the
underlying causes, it is important to recognize that variation between manufacturers for
given technologies can be masked when only the industry-wide trends are evaluated
Technology adoption by individual manufacturers is often more rapid than the overall
industry trend would suggest. Manufacturers continue to adopt new technologies, and the
penetration of important technologies has grown significantly over the last five years.
71
-------
Table 4.1. Production Share by Engine Technologies
Powertrain
Gasoline
Fuel Delivery Method
Elec-
Avg. No.
of
Multi-
Stop/
Model Year
Gasoline
Hybrid
Diesel
Other
Carb
GDI
Port TBI trie
FCV
Cylinders
CID
HP
Valve
WT
CD Turbo
Start
1975
99.8%
-
0.2%
-
95.7%
-
4.1% 0.0
%
-
6.8
293
137
-
-
-
1980
95.7%
-
4.3%
-
89.7%
-
5.2% 0.8
%
-
5.6
198
104
-
-
-
1985
99.1%
-
0.9%
-
56.1%
-
18.2% 24.8
%
-
5.5
189
114
-
-
-
1990
99.9%
-
0.1%
-
2.1%
-
70.8% 27.0
%
-
5.4
185
135
23.1%
-
-
1995
100.0%
-
0.0%
-
-
-
91.6% 8.4
%
-
5.6
196
158
35.6%
-
-
2000
99.8%
0.0%
0.1%
-
-
-
99.8% 0.0
%
-
5.7
200
181
44.8%
15.0%
1.3%
-
2001
99.7%
0.1%
0.1%
-
-
-
99.9%
-
-
5.8
201
187
49.0%
19.6%
2.0%
-
2002
99.6%
0.2%
0.2%
-
-
-
99.8%
-
-
5.8
203
195
53.3%
25.3%
2.2%
-
2003
99.5%
0.3%
0.2%
-
-
-
99.8%
-
-
5.8
204
199
55.5%
30.6%
1.2%
-
2004
99.4%
0.5%
0.1%
-
-
-
99.9%
-
-
5.9
212
211
62.3%
38.5%
2.3%
-
2005
98.6%
1.1%
0.3%
-
-
-
99.7%
-
-
5.8
205
209
65.6%
45.8%
0.8°/
1.7%
-
2006
98.1%
1.5%
0.4%
-
-
-
99.6%
-
-
5.7
204
213
71.7%
55.4%
3.6°/
2.1%
-
2007
97.7%
2.2%
0.1%
-
-
-
99.8%
-
-
5.6
203
217
71.7%
57.3%
7.3°/
2.5%
-
2008
97.4%
2.5%
0.1%
-
-
2.3%
97.6%
-
-
5.6
199
219
76.4%
58.2%
6.7°/
3.0%
-
2009
97.2%
2.3%
0.5%
-
-
4.2%
95.2%
-
-
5.2
183
208
83.8%
71.5%
7.3°/
3.3%
-
2010
95.5%
3.8%
0.7%
0.0%
-
8.3%
91.0%
-
0.0%
5.3
188
214
85.5%
83.8%
6.4°/
3.3%
-
2011
97.0%
2.2%
0.8%
0.1%
-
15.4%
83.8%
- 0.1%
0.0%
5.4
192
230
86.4%
93.1%
9.5°/
6.8%
-
2012
95.5%
3.1%
0.9%
0.4%
-
22.5%
76.5%
- 0.1%
0.0%
5.1
181
222
91.8%
96.6%
8.1°/
8.4%
0.6%
2013
94.8%
3.6%
0.9%
0.7%
-
30.5%
68.3%
- 0.3%
-
5.1
176
226
92.8%
97.4%
7.7°/
13.9%
2.3%
2014
95.7%
2.6%
1.0%
0.7%
-
37.4%
61.3%
- 0.3%
0.0%
5.1
180
230
89.2%
97.6%
10.6°/
14.8%
5.1%
2015
95.9%
2.4%
0.9%
0.7%
-
41.9%
56.7%
- 0.5%
0.0%
5.0
177
229
91.2%
97.2%
10.5°/
15.7%
7.1%
2016
96.9%
1.8%
0.5%
0.8%
-
48.0%
51.0%
- 0.5%
0.0%
5.0
174
230
92.3%
98.0%
10.4°/
19.9%
9.6%
2017
96.1%
2.3%
0.3%
1.4%
-
49.7%
49.4%
- 0.6%
0.0%
5.0
174
233
91.9%
98.1%
11.9°/
23.4%
17.8%
2018 (prelim)
92.8%
3.6%
0.9%
2.7%
-
50.7%
46.6%
1.8%
0.0%
5.0
169
237
91.7%
95.7%
11.8°A
30.8%
28.3%
72
-------
Table 4.2, Production Share by Transmission Technologies
Model Year
1975
Manual
23.0%
Automatic
with
Lockup
0.2%
Automatic
without
Lockup
76.8%
CVT
CVT (Non-
(Hybrid) Hybrid)
Other
4 Gears
or
Fewer
99.0%
5
Gears
1.0%
6
Gears
7
Gears
8
Gears
9+
Gears
CVT Ave rage
CVT (Non- No. of
(Hybrid) Hybrid) Gears
1980
34.6%
18.1%
46.8%
-
-
0.5%
87.9%
12.1%
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.5
1985
26.5%
54.5%
19.1%
-
-
-
80.7%
19.3%
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.8
1990
22.2%
71.2%
6.5%
-
0.0%
0.0%
79.9%
20.0%
0.1%
-
-
-
-
0.0%
4.0
1995
17.9%
80.7%
1.4%
-
-
-
82.0%
17.7%
0.2%
-
-
-
-
-
4.1
2000
9.7%
89.5%
0.7%
-
0.0%
-
83.7%
15.8%
0.5%
-
-
-
-
0.0%
4.1
2001
9.0%
90.3%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
-
80.7%
18.5%
0.7%
-
-
-
0.1%
0.0%
4.2
2002
8.2%
91.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
-
77.1%
21.6%
1.1%
-
-
-
0.1%
0.1%
4.2
2003
8.0%
90.8%
0.1%
0.3%
0.8%
-
69.2%
28.1%
1.7%
-
-
-
0.3%
0.8%
4.3
2004
6.8%
91.8%
0.3%
0.4%
0.7%
-
63.9%
31.8%
3.0%
0.2%
-
-
0.4%
0.7%
4.4
2005
6.2%
91.5%
0.1%
1.0%
1.3%
-
56.0%
37.3%
4.1%
0.2%
-
-
1.0%
1.3%
4.5
2006
6.5%
90.6%
0.0%
1.5%
1.4%
-
47.7%
39.2%
8.8%
1.4%
-
-
1.5%
1.4%
4.6
2007
5.6%
87.1%
0.0%
2.1%
5.1%
-
40.5%
36.1%
14.4%
1.5%
0.2%
-
2.1%
5.1%
4.8
2008
5.2%
86.8%
0.2%
2.4%
5.5%
-
38.8%
31.9%
19.4%
1.8%
0.2%
-
2.4%
5.5%
4.8
2009
4.8%
85.6%
0.2%
2.1%
7.3%
-
31.2%
32.2%
24.5%
2.5%
0.1%
-
2.1%
7.3%
5.0
2010
3.8%
84.1%
1.2%
3.8%
7.2%
-
24.6%
23.5%
38.1%
2.7%
0.2%
-
3.8%
7.2%
5.2
2011
3.2%
86.5%
0.3%
2.0%
8.0%
-
14.2%
18.7%
52.3%
3.1%
1.7%
-
2.0%
8.0%
5.5
2012
3.6%
83.4%
1.1%
2.7%
9.2%
-
8.1%
18.2%
56.3%
2.8%
2.6%
-
2.7%
9.2%
5.5
2013
3.5%
80.4%
1.4%
2.9%
11.8%
-
5.4%
12.8%
60.1%
2.8%
4.1%
-
2.9%
11.8%
5.6
2014
2.8%
76.7%
1.6%
2.3%
16.6%
-
2.2%
7.8%
58.4%
3.3%
8.4%
1.1%
2.3%
16.6%
5.9
2015
2.6%
72.3%
1.4%
2.2%
21.5%
-
1.5%
4.5%
54.2%
3.1%
9.5%
3.5%
2.2%
21.5%
5.9
2016
2.2%
72.4%
2.6%
1.7%
21.1%
-
1.1%
3.0%
54.9%
2.9%
11.3%
4.1%
1.7%
21.1%
6.0
2017
2.1%
71.5%
2.6%
1.9%
21.9%
-
1.0%
2.4%
49.0%
3.3%
14.6%
5.1%
1.9%
21.9%
6.1
2018 (prelim)
2.5%
71.8%
3.5%
2.6%
19.6%
-
2.1%
2.6%
36.7%
3.5%
18.7%
8.5%
2.6%
19.6%
6.4
73
-------
Table 43, Production Share by Drive Technology
Car
Truck
Front
Rear
Four
Front
Rear
Wheel
Wheel
Wheel
Wheel
Wheel
Model Year
Drive
Drive
Drive
Drive
Drive
1975
6.5%
93.5%
-
-
82.8%
1980
29.7%
69.4%
0.9%
1.4%
73.6%
1985
61.1%
36.8%
2.1%
7.3%
61.4%
1990
84.0%
15.0%
1.0%
15.8%
52.4%
1995
80.1%
18.8%
1.1%
18.4%
39.3%
2000
80.4%
17.7%
2.0%
20.0%
33.8%
2001
80.3%
16.7%
3.0%
16.3%
34.8%
2002
82.9%
13.5%
3.6%
15.4%
33.1%
2003
80.9%
15.9%
3.2%
15.4%
34.1%
2004
80.2%
14.5%
5.3%
12.5%
31.0%
2005
79.2%
14.2%
6.6%
20.1%
27.7%
2006
75.9%
18.0%
6.0%
18.9%
28.0%
2007
81.0%
13.4%
5.6%
16.1%
28.4%
2008
78.8%
14.1%
7.1%
18.4%
24.8%
2009
83.5%
10.2%
6.3%
21.0%
20.5%
2010
82.5%
11.2%
6.3%
20.9%
18.0%
2011
80.1%
11.3%
8.6%
17.7%
17.3%
2012
83.8%
8.8%
7.5%
20.9%
14.8%
2013
83.0%
9.3%
7.7%
18.1%
14.5%
2014
81.3%
10.6%
8.2%
17.5%
14.2%
2015
80.4%
9.7%
9.9%
16.0%
12.6%
2016
79.8%
9.1%
11.0%
15.8%
12.2%
2017
79.8%
8.3%
11.9%
16.1%
11.0%
2018 (prelim)
76.3%
10.9%
12.8%
14.5%
12.1%
Four
Wheel
Drive
17.2%
25.0%
31.3%
31.8%
42.3%
46.3%
48.8%
51.6%
50.4%
56.5%
52.2%
53.1%
55.5%
56.8%
58.5%
61.0%
65.0%
64.3%
67.5%
68.3%
71.4%
72.0%
72.8%
73.5%
Front
Wheel
Drive
5.3%
25.0%
47.8%
63.8%
57.6%
55.5%
53.8%
52.7%
50.7%
47.7%
53.0%
51.9%
54.3%
54.2%
62.9%
59.6%
53.8%
61.4%
59.7%
55.3%
52.9%
51.2%
49.6%
46.4%
All
Rear
Wheel
Drive
91.4%
70.1%
42.9%
26.1%
26.3%
24.3%
24.2%
22.3%
24.3%
22.4%
20.2%
22.3%
19.6%
18.5%
13.6%
13.7%
13.8%
10.9%
11.1%
12.1%
10.9%
10.5%
9.6%
11.5%
Four
Wheel
Drive
3.3%
4.9%
9.3%
10.1%
16.2%
20.2%
22.0%
25.0%
25.0%
29.8%
26.8%
25.8%
26.1%
27.3%
23.5%
26.7%
32.4%
27.7%
29.1%
32.6%
36.1%
38.3%
40.8%
42.1%
74
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5. Manufacturer GHG Compliance
On May 7, 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) established the first phase of a National Program to
reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve fuel economy for 2012 to 2016
model year light-duty vehicles. On October 15, 2012, EPA and NHTSA established the
second phase of the joint National Program for model years 2017-2025. These standards
apply to passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. This
section of the report is designed to provide as much information as possible about how the
manufacturers are performing under EPA's GHG program.
The GHG program is a credit-based averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program that
evaluates every manufacturer's annual performance against increasingly stringent
standards based on the vehicles each manufacturer sells. Credits represent emission
reductions manufacturers achieve by reducing vehicle emissions beyond the standards.
The provisions of the ABT program allow manufacturers to achieve the standards based on
fleet average CO2 emissions (i.e., the standards do not apply to individual vehicles), to bank
credits or deficits for future years, and to trade credits between manufacturers.
Manufacturers demonstrate compliance with the overall program by maintaining a positive
or neutral credit balance.
Averaging, banking and trading have been an important part of many mobile source
programs under the Clean Air Act. These provisions help manufacturers in planning and
implementing the orderly phase-in of emissions reduction technology in their production,
consistent with their unique redesign schedules. EPA believes the net effect of the ABT
provisions is that they allow additional flexibility, encourage earlier introduction of
emission reduction technologies than might otherwise occur, and do so without reducing
the overall effectiveness of the program.
The GHG Program and tU I Ynnpliam r Process
At the end of a model year, each manufacturer must determine its compliance status with
the GHG program, and report compliance data to EPA, as summarized in Figure 5.1. First,
each manufacturer must determine its individual car and truck standards, based on the
footprint and production volumes of the vehicles it produced in that model year. Footprint
- the area enclosed by where the four tires touch the ground - is a measure of vehicle size.
1
75
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Second, manufacturers must determine their model year performance separately for cars
and trucks. For each car/truck fleet, the performance is calculated based on measured CO2
tailpipe emissions and the impact of flexibilities that manufacturers may qualify for and
use. These flexibilities include optional credits for improved air-conditioning systems,
emission reducing technologies that are not accounted for on standard EPA tests,
alternative fuel vehicles, and alternate standards for small volume manufacturers.
Figure 5.1. GHG Program Compliance Process
Calculate
Measure Model Year
Model Year
Performance
Standards
- Tailpipe Emissions
- Flexibilities
'
A *¦
Credit/Deficit
Balance Carried to
Next Model Year
(ABT provisions)
Update Credit Balance
- Model Year Standards vs Performance
- Credit Transactions
- Credit Expirations
t
Determine Compliance Status
After determining their standards and performance, manufacturers must determine an
updated credit balance. Each manufacturer must compare their car and truck fleets'
performance to their respective car and truck fleet standards to determine a credit surplus
or shortfall. The model year credit surplus or shortfall for each fleet, any prior credit
balance, and the impact of any credit transactions or expiring credits combine to
determine the manufacturer's updated credit balance.
Finally, manufacturers must determine their compliance status. If a manufacturer ends the
model year with a positive credit balance, they are in compliance with the GHG program,
and their credit balance will be carried forward to the next model year. If a manufacturer
ends the model year with a negative credit balance that they are unable to offset, they are
76
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considered to have a credit deficit. A deficit does not immediately result in non-compliance
with EPA's GHG program. Manufacturers must, however, offset any deficit within three
years after the model year in which it was generated to avoid non-compliance. For
example, a manufacturer with a deficit remaining from model year 2014 after the 2017
model year would be considered out of compliance with the 2014 model year standards.
Manufacturers may not carryforward any credits unless all deficits have been offset.
GHG Compliance and Credit Data
This section includes final compliance data for model years 2009 to 2017. However, credit
transactions can occur between manufacturers at any time, and manufacturers may
submit requests for credits retroactively. The data in this report reflect all credits and
transactions reported to EPA prior to October 31st, 2018. Any additional credit requests or
transactions will be reflected in next year's report. This report includes the most up to date
data for all model years, and therefore supersedes all previous reports.
The GHG program uses two different
metrics to measure CO2 emissions,
per vehicle emission rates measured
in grams per mile (g/mi), and total
vehicle lifetime emissions reductions
measured in megagrams (Mg).
Manufacturer standards, tailpipe
CO2 emissions, and most annual
credits and flexibilities described in
this report are discussed as per
vehicle emission rates in g/mi.
However, the total credit balance of
manufacturers is calculated in Mg to
account for the number of vehicles
produced and the expected lifetime
use of those vehicles, in addition to
manufacturer performance
compared to their standards (see
inset "How to Calculate Vehicle
Lifetime Emission Reductions from a Per-Mile Emission Rate"). Any discussion of
manufacturer total credit balances, credit transactions, and compliance will be in terms of
megagrams or teragrams (Tg) of credits.
How to Calculate Vehicle Lifetime Emission Reductions
from a Per-Mile Emission Rate
In the GHG Program, vehicle lifetime emission reductions
are measured in megagrams (Mg) of CO2, which is 1,000
kilograms, and also known as a metric ton. Emission
reductions in Mg are determined from gram per mile (g/mi)
emission rates, production volume, and expected lifetime
miles. To calculate total Mg of credits the following equation
is used:
Credits [Mg] = ( CO2 x VMT x Production ) / 1,000,000
"CO2" represents a credit in g/mi. "VMT" represents the
total lifetime miles, which is specified in the regulations as
195,264 miles for cars and 225,865 for trucks. "Production"
represents the production volume to which the CO2 credit
applies. To calculate g/mi from Mg:
CO2 [g/mi] = ( Credits[Mg] x 1,000,000) / (VMT x Production )
When using these equations to calculate values for cars and
trucks in aggregate, use a production weighted average of
the car and truck VMT values. For the 2017 model year, the
weighted VMT is 209,789 miles. For convenience, this report
will report credits in Tg (1,000,000 Mg) where appropriate.
77
-------
Unlike the previous sections, the tailpipe CO2 emission data presented in this section are
compliance data, based on EPA's City and Highway test procedures (referred to as the "2-
cycle" tests). These values should not be compared to the estimated real-world data
throughout the rest of this report. For a detailed discussion of the difference between real-
world and compliance data, see Appendix C.
In addition, four small volume manufacturers have been excluded from this section of the
report. Aston Martin, Ferrari, Lotus, and McLaren have applied for alternative standards
available to small manufacturers, and decisions on these applications remain pending. A
future edition of this report will include data from these companies once EPA makes a final
determination on their requests. As a result, the total fleetwide production volume
reported in this section will be slightly lower than values reported elsewhere in this report.
To download the data presented in this section, and any additional data EPA may make
available, please see the report website: https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends.
Footprint-Based CO2 Standards
At the end of each model year, manufacturers are required to calculate unique CO2
standards for each fleet (cars and trucks) as specified in the regulations. As described
previously, these standards are specific to each manufacturer's car and truck fleet based
on the number of vehicles produced and the vehicle footprints within each fleet.
Manufacturers must calculate new standards each year as the footprint targets become
more stringent, and as their footprint distribution and production change. See Section 3 for
a discussion of the trends in footprint across the industry and the definitions of "car" and
"truck" under the regulations.
The regulations define footprint "curves" that provide a CO2 emissions target for every
vehicle footprint, as shown in Figure 5.2. For example, a car with a footprint of 46 square
feet in model year 2017 (the average car footprint) has a compliance CO2 target of 217
g/mi. This is a target, and not a standard, as there are no footprint-based CO2 emissions
requirements for individual vehicles. The unique CO2 standards for each manufacturer's
car and truck fleets are production-weighted averages of the CO2 target values, as
determined from the curves, for all the unique footprint values of the vehicles within that
fleet. This is an element of the "averaging" approach of the ABT program. Using one
production-weighted average to define a single fleet standard allows for some individual
vehicles to be above that standard, relying on other vehicles below the fleet standard to
achieve compliance.
1
78
-------
The footprint curves for the 2012 and 2017 model years are shown in Figure 5.2. The
targets have gradually decreased (become more stringent) from 2012 to the current 2017
levels, as defined in the regulations. Larger vehicles have higher targets, although the
increases are capped beyond a certain footprint size (i.e., the curves become flat). Trucks
have higher targets than cars of the same footprint in the same model year. Trends in the
overall average footprint value and vehicle type mix, as discussed in Section 3, are thus
important because of the direct impact on the annual GHG standards.
Figure 5.2. 2012-2017 Model Year CO2 Footprint Target Curves
400 -
E
~0) 350 -
CM
O
O
(D 300 -
O
c
cc
Q_
£ 250 -
O
O
200 -
In model year 2017, the average car and truck footprints were about the same as the
previous year, at 46 and 54 square feet, respectively. The industry did continue to move
more towards trucks, as trucks increased their market share by almost three percentage
points. The more stringent model year 2017 targets resulted in a reduction of the car
standard by 12 g/mi and of the truck standard by 1 g/mi. While there is no combined car
and truck standard for regulatory purposes, this report will often calculate one to provide
an overall view of the industry and to allow comparison across manufacturers. Overall, the
effective combined car and truck standard decreased by 5 g/mi from 2016 to 2017.
Jaguar Land Rover and Volvo opted to continue to meet the 2016 model year standards in
2017 under special provisions for intermediate volume manufacturers (less than 50,000
vehicles produced per year). These provisions allow qualifying manufacturers to use an
2012 Truck
~*
»*"
**
~~
2017 Truck
2012 Car
2017 Car
40 50 60 70 80
Footprint (sq ft)
79
-------
alternative compliance schedule that allows them to meet the 2016 model year standards
in the 2017 and 2018 model years, then delay meeting the 2018-2020 standards by one
model year, then finally aligning with the primary standards and other manufacturers in
the 2021 model year. Thus, the standards shown in Table 5.1 for these two manufacturers
reflect the less stringent 2016 model year footprint target curves rather than the 2017
curves.
Table 5.1. Manufacturer Footprint and Standards for Model Year 2017
Footprint (ft2)
Standards (g/mi)
Manufacturer
Car
Truck
All
Car
Truck
All
BMW
46.7
50.6
47.9
221
284
243
BYD Motors
47.9
-
47.9
226
-
226
FCA
47.4
54.1
52.8
225
297
285
Ford
46.9
57.3
52.5
222
308
272
GM
46.6
58.9
53.5
221
315
277
Honda
45.9
49.7
47.1
217
279
240
Hyundai
46.3
49.2
46.5
219
278
223
Jaguar Land Rover
49.0
51.0
50.6
244
287
278
Kia
46.1
50.0
47.2
218
281
237
Mazda
45.5
47.2
46.0
216
268
233
Mercedes
48.5
52.0
50.0
229
290
257
Nissan-Mitsubishi
45.8
51.3
47.6
217
286
243
Subaru
45.1
45.0
45.0
213
258
247
Tesla
53.8
-
53.8
252
-
252
Toyota
45.6
52.6
49.0
216
290
255
VW
45.0
50.2
46.3
213
282
232
Volvo
48.4
51.2
50.0
241
288
270
All Manufacturers
46.2
53.8
49.8
219
295
258
1
80
-------
B. Model Year Performance
After determining their standards for a given model year, manufacturers must determine
the CO2 emissions performance for their car and truck fleets. In this report, we use the
concept of a fleet's "performance" as a useful way to explain how manufacturers' fleets are
performing in comparison to the standards (it is not explicitly part of the regulations).
Model year performance is defined as the average production-weighted tailpipe CO2
emissions of that fleet, adjusted by the net impact of all applicable flexibilities.
issions
The starting point for determining compliance for each manufacturer is their "2-cycle"
tailpipe GHG emissions value. All manufacturers are required to test their vehicles on the
Federal Test Procedure (known as the "City" test) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (the
"Highway" test). Results from these two tests are combined by weighting the City test by
55% and the Highway test by 45%, to achieve a single combined CO2 value for each vehicle
model. Manufacturers then calculate a sales-weighted average of all the combined
city/highway values for each car and truck fleet. This represents the measured tailpipe CO2
emissions of a fleet without the application of any additional credits or incentives. As
discussed previously in this report, 2-cycle tailpipe CO2 emissions should only be used in
the context of the compliance regulations, and are not the same as and should not be
compared to the estimated real-world values reported in Sections 1-4.
Figure 5.3 shows the 2-cycle tailpipe emissions reported by each manufacturer for the 2012
and 2017 model years, for all vehicles and for car and truck fleets. Companies that produce
solely electric vehicles (Tesla and BYD) are excluded from the figure because they produce
zero tailpipe emissions on the 2-cycle test procedures.
Every manufacturer except Toyota has reduced tailpipe GHG emissions since the program
took effect in model year 2012. Compared to the first year of the program, Jaguar Land
Rover leads manufacturers in both the overall reduction in 2-cycle CO2 emissions (94 g/mi)
and the percentage reduction (22%). Seven manufacturers have reduced tailpipe CO2
emissions by 10-15%, while the remainder produced single digit percentage reductions
since the first year of the program. Overall, tailpipe CO2 emissions of the entire fleet have
been reduced by 19 g/mi, or about 6%, since the 2012 model year. These tailpipe values
should not be directly compared to the manufacturer's standards presented in Table 5.1,
as the standards were created taking into consideration the optional credit opportunities
available to manufacturers, and final fleet performance values will take these credits into
account.
1
81
-------
Figure 5.3. Changes in "2-Cycle" Tailpipe CO2 Emissions, Model Year 2012 to 2017 (g/mi)
Honda -
Mazda
Subaru -
Hyundai -
Nissan- _
Mitsubishi
Kia-
VW -
BMW-
Volvo
Toyota -
Mercedes -
Ford-
GM-
Jaguar
Land Rover
FCA-
All
Manufacturers
200 250 300 350 400 450 200 250 300 350 400 450 200 250 300 350 400 450
45Hjj
Compliance C02 Emissions
All Car Truck
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82
-------
Credits for Producing Alternative Fuel Vehicles
EPA's GHG program provides several incentives for dedicated and dual fuel alternative fuel
vehicles. Dedicated alternative fuel vehicles run exclusively on an alternative fuel (e.g.,
compressed natural gas (CNG), electricity). Dual fuel vehicles can run both on an alternative
fuel and on a conventional fuel; the most common is the gasoline-ethanol flexible fuel
vehicle (FFV), which can run on E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline), or on conventional
gasoline. Dual fuel vehicles also include those that use CNG and gasoline, or electricity and
gasoline. This section separately describes three categories of alternative fuel vehicles:
advanced technology vehicles using electricity or hydrogen fuel cells, CNG vehicle, and
FFVs.
Advanced Technology Vehicles
Advanced technology vehicle incentives apply to electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). For the 2012-2016 model years, these
incentives allowed EVs and FCVs to use zero g/mi to characterize their emissions, and
PHEVs to use a zero g/mi value for the portion of operation attributed to the use of grid
electricity (i.e., only emissions from the portion of operation attributed to the gasoline
engine are counted). Use of the zero g/mi option was limited to the first 200,000 qualified
vehicles produced by a manufacturer in the 2012-2016 model years. No manufacturer
reached this limit. In the 2017-2021 model years, manufacturers may continue to use zero
g/mi for these vehicles, without any limits. This incentive is reflected in the 2-cycle
emissions values shown previously.
For model years 2017-2021, there are also temporary incentive "multipliers" for EVs,
PHEVs, FCVs, and CNG vehicles. Multipliers allow manufacturers to count these vehicles as
more than one vehicle in their fleet average emissions calculations. For example, the 2.0
multiplier for 2017 model year EVs allows a manufacturer to count every EV produced as
two EVs, thus doubling the impact of their EV production. The multipliers established by
rulemaking are shown in Table 5.2
83
-------
Table 5.2. Production Multipliers by Model Year
Model
Year
Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell
Vehicles
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles,
Dedicated Natural Gas Vehicles,
and Dual-Fuel Natural Gas
Vehicles
2017
2.0
1.6
2018
2.0
1.6
2019
2.0
1.6
2020
1.75
1.45
2021
1.5
1.3
Figure 5.4. Model Year 2017 Production of EVs, PHEVs, and FCVs
60-
o 40-
c
o
"G
"O
o
0-
¦
¦I
1
ll
¦
¦
1
Electric Vehicle/Fuel Cell Vehicle (2.Ox multiplier)
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (1.6x multiplier)
84
-------
Figure 5.4 shows the 2012-2017 production volume of vehicles qualifying for the zero g/mi
incentive. More than 230,000 EVs, PHEVs, and FCVs were produced in the 2017 model year;
55% of which were PHEVs with a multiplier of 1.6, and the remaining 45% were EVs and
FCVs with a multiplier of 2.0. Since the 2012 model year, production of advanced
technology vehicles has increased almost fivefold, with virtually every manufacturer
offering something in this category of vehicles. Most are EVs and PHEVs; only a very small
fraction are FCVs. Figure 4.13 in the previous section shows the overall trends in EVs,
PHEVs, and FCVs.
EPA and NHTSA received a joint petition from the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
and the Association of Global Automakers on June 20, 2016 regarding aspects of the CAFE
and GHG programs. Item 8 of the petition, titled "Correct the Multiplier for BEVs, PHEVs,
FCVs, and CNGs," notes that "the equation through which the number of earned credits is
calculated is inaccurately stated in the regulations" and that credits would be inadvertently
lost due to the error. Agreeing with the automaker petition, EPA proposed to modify the
regulations to correctly calculate the multiplier-based credits in a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM) published on October 1, 2018.
EPA will not prejudge the outcome of an ongoing regulatory process, therefore this report
is unable to include official multiplier-based credits for manufacturers until the rulemaking
process is completed. However, for the purposes of this report, and to represent the
multiplier-based credits fairly and consistently across manufacturers, we include a
preliminary determination of multiplier-based credits for each manufacturer with
qualifying vehicles. These preliminary credits were determined using the methodology
proposed in the October 2018 NPRM and should be viewed only as unofficial estimates.
Official values will be included in a future edition of this report after regulations are
finalized.
The multiplier-based credits are dependent on the type of advanced technology vehicle
and the proportion of a manufacturer's fleet made up of qualifying vehicles. Figure 5.5
shows the estimated multiplier-based credits, in g/mi, for each manufacturer. About 5% of
BMW's model year 2017 production was EVs and PHEVs, giving the company a benefit of
5.5 g/mi (i.e., effectively reducing their fleet performance by 5.5 g/mi). General Motors,
through the success of the Chevrolet Volt and Chevrolet Bolt, which collectively made up
almost 2.5% of GM's fleet, established a multiplier-based benefit of 3.1 g/mi. The
companies that make solely EVs - BYD and Tesla - are shown separately in Figure 5.5
because of the disproportionate credit values for these companies.
85
-------
Figure 5.5. Model Year 2017 Advanced Technology Credits by Manufacturer
All Manufacturers
Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles
There were no CNG vehicles subject to the GHG standards in the 2017 model year. The
Honda Civic CNG was the only CNG vehicle produced for general purchase by consumers
during the first phase of EPA's GHG program, and it was only available in the 2012-2014
model years. In the 2015 and 2016 model years, Quantum Technologies offered a dual fuel
(CNG and gasoline) version of GM's Chevrolet Impala through an agreement with GM, but
none were produced in the 2017 model year.
Gasoline-Ethanol Flexible Fuel Vehicles
For the 2012 to 2015 model years, FFVs could earn GHG credits corresponding to the fuel
economy credits under CAFE. For both programs, it was assumed that FFVs operated half
of the time on each fuel. The GHG credits were based on the arithmetic average of
alternative fuel and conventional fuel CO2 emissions. Further, to fully align the GHG credit
with the CAFE program, the CO2 emissions measurement on the alternative fuel was
multiplied by 0.15. The 0.15 factor was used because, under the CAFE program's
86
-------
implementing statutes, a gallon of alternative fuel is deemed to contain 0.15 gallons of
gasoline fuel, and the E85 fuel economy is divided by 0.15 before being averaged with the
gasoline fuel economy.
Starting in model year 2016, GHG compliance values for FFVs are based on the actual
emissions performance of the FFV on each fuel, weighted by EPA's assessment of the actual
use of these fuels in FFVs. A 2014 guidance letter defined an "F factor" of 0.14 to use when
weighting E85 and gasoline CO2 emissions for the 2016-2018 model years FFVs; this
reflects EPA's estimate that FFVs would be operating 14% of the time on E85. This approach
is comparable to the "utility factor" method used to weight gasoline and electricity for
PHEVs, which projects the percentage of miles that a PHEV will drive using electricity based
on how many miles a fully-charged PHEV can drive using grid electricity.
FFVs can still represent a CO2 emissions benefit, and can help to lower the emissions of a
manufacturer's fleet, but the overall impact is significantly diminished. Because the FFV
values now incorporate the slightly lower CO2 emissions when operating on E85 (typically
1 -3% lower than on gasoline), and a realistic rate of E85 fuel use, the benefit from FFVs is
no longer of the same magnitude that it was through the 2015 model year. Thus, we are no
longer illustrating a g/mi benefit to manufacturers specific to producing FFVs. The impact of
E85, a lower-GHG fuel than gasoline, is inseparable from, and built into, the 2-cycle
emissions described earlier.
Most manufacturers focused their FFV production in the truck segment, with trucks making
up almost 75% of all FFV production in the 2017 model year. Only Nissan-Mitsubishi
increased FFV production relative to the previous model year, after producing no FFVs in
the 2016 model year. All others reduced their production of FFVs, down 13% relative to
model year 2016 and reaching a low since the start of the program in model year 2012.
Total FFV production in model year 2017 was down by almost 60% relative to model year
2014, the peak year for FFV production. FFV production is shown in Figure 5.6. The credit
impact of those FFV credits is shown in Figure 5.7.
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Figure 5.6. Production of FFVs, Model Year 2012-2017
3,000
2,500
2,000
O 1,500-
P 1,000-
Car
Truck
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Model Year
Figure 5.7. FFV Credits by Model Year
10.0
O 2.5
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Model Year
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Credits for Improved Air Condition!.! ;
Almost all new cars and light trucks in the United States are equipped with air conditioning
(A/C) systems. There are two mechanisms by which A/C systems contribute to the
emissions of greenhouse gases: through leakage of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants
(i.e., "direct" emissions) and through the combustion of fuel to provide mechanical power
to the A/C system (i.e., "indirect" emissions). The EPA 2-cycle compliance tests do not
measure either A/C refrigerant leakage or the increase in tailpipe emissions attributable to
the additional engine load of A/C systems. Thus, the GHG emission regulations include a
provision that allows manufacturers to earn optional credits for implementing technologies
that reduce either type of A/C-related emissions.
Air Conditioning Leakage Credits
The high global warming potential (GWP)14 of the current predominant automotive
refrigerant, HFC-134a, means that leakage of a small amount of refrigerant will have a far
greater impact on global warming than emissions of a similar volume of CO2. The impacts
of refrigerant leakage can be reduced significantly by using systems with leak-tight
components, by using a refrigerant with a lower GWP, or by implementing both
approaches.
A manufacturer choosing to generate A/C leakage credits is required to calculate a leakage
"score" for the specific A/C system. This score is based on the number, performance, and
technology of the components, fittings, seals, and hoses of the A/C system and is calculated
as refrigerant emissions in grams per year, using the procedures specified by the SAE
Surface Vehicle Standard J2727. The score is converted to a g/mi credit value based on the
GWP of the refrigerant, then the g/mi value is used to determine the total tons of credits
based on the production volume of the vehicles employing that A/C system.
In the 2012 model year, all leakage credits were based on improvements to the A/C system
components (e.g., O-rings, seals, valves, and fittings). In the 2013 model year, GM and
Honda introduced vehicles using HFO-1234yf, which has an extremely low global warming
potential (GWP) of 4, as compared to a GWP of 1430 for HFC-134a. In the four model years
since, use has expanded to ten manufacturers and almost 40% of the fleet. BMW and
Jaguar Land Rover have now fully implemented HFO-1234yf across their fleets, and FCA's
adoption is at 85% of their 2017 model year fleet. Ford, GM, and Honda have exceeded
14 The global warming potential (GWP) represents how much a given mass of a chemical contributes to global
warming over a given time period compared to the same mass of CO2. The GWP of CO2 is 1.0.
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50% adoption of HFO-1234yf across their fleets. As a result, the overall fleet generated
about 12.5 Tg more CO2 credits than it would have using solely HFC-134a, which is
equivalent to a 3.5 g/mi reduction in CO2 emissions for the entire 2017 model year fleet.
The growth in usage of HFO-1234yf is illustrated in Figure 5.8.
Figure 5.8. HFO-1234yf Adoption by Manufacturer
6,000-
o
§ 4,000-
c
o
o
=3
"O
o
2,000-
0-
2013 2014 2015 2016
Model Year
2017
BMW
I FCA
Ford
GM
Honda
Hyundai
Jaguar Land Rover
Kia
Subaru
| Toyota
I VW
Fourteen manufacturers reported A/C leakage credits in the 2017 model year. These
manufacturers reported more than 32 Tg of A/C leakage credits in 2017, accounting for
GHG reductions of 9 g/mi across the 2017 vehicle fleet.
Air Conditioning Efficiency Credits
The A/C system also contributes to increased tailpipe CO2 emissions through the additional
work required by the engine to operate the compressor, fans, and blowers. This power
demand is ultimately met by using additional fuel, which is converted into CO2 by the
engine during combustion and exhausted through the tailpipe. Increasing the overall
90
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efficiency of an A/C system reduces the additional load on the engine from A/C operation,
and thereby leads to a reduction in fuel consumption and a commensurate reduction in
GHG emissions.
Most of the additional load on the engine from A/C systems comes from the compressor,
which pressurizes the refrigerant and pumps it around the system loop. A significant
additional load may also come from electric or hydraulic fans, which move air across the
condenser, and from the electric blower, which moves air across the evaporator and into
the cabin. Manufacturers have several options for improving efficiency, including more
efficient compressors, fans, and motors, and system controls that avoid over-chilling the air
(and subsequently re-heating it to provide the desired air temperature). For vehicles
equipped with automatic climate-control systems, real-time adjustment of several aspects
of the overall system can result in improved efficiency.
The regulations provide manufacturers with a "menu" of A/C system technologies and
associated credit values (in g/mi of CO2), some of which are described above. These credits
are capped at 5.7 g/mi for all vehicles in the 2012-2016 model years, and at 5.0 and 7.2
g/mi for cars and trucks, respectively, in the 2017 and later model years. The total tons of
credits are then based on the total volume of vehicles in a model year using these
technologies.
Fifteen manufacturers used the A/C credit provisions—leakage reductions, efficiency
improvements, or both—as part of their compliance demonstration in the 2017 model
year. These manufacturers reported a total of more than 16 Tg of A/C efficiency credits in
the 2017 model year, accounting for about 4.5 g/mi across the 2017 fleet. Manufacturers
were also allowed to generate A/C efficiency credits in the 2009-2011 model years (see the
discussion of early credits in Section 5.C).
Air Conditioning Credit Summary
A summary of the A/C leakage and efficiency credits reported by the industry for all model
years, including the early credit program years, is shown in Figure 5.9. Leakage credits have
been more prevalent than efficiency credits, but both credit types are growing in use.
Figure 5.10 shows the benefit of A/C credits, translated from teragrams to grams per mile,
for each manufacturer's fleet for the 2017 model year.
Jaguar Land Rover had the highest reported credit on a per vehicle g/mi basis, at 23 g/mi.
Thus, A/C credits are the equivalent of about a 7% reduction from tailpipe emissions for
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Jaguar Land Rover. BMW was also at about 7%, and several manufacturers were between
3-6%. Mazda was the only manufacturer not using the optional A/C credit program.
Figure 5.9. Fleetwide A/C Credits by Credit Type
50
40
30
20
10
0-
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Model Year
Credit Source
A/C Efficiency
| A/C Leakage
4jM]
¦m
-------
Figure 5.10. Total A/C Credits by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017
20
E 15
3
w
£
o 10
CD
X
o
5-
0-
<9
Credit Source
A/C Efficiency
I A/C Leakage
0 ^
V
/
-------
Off Cycle Credits Based on the Menu
The first pathway to generating off-cycle credits is for a manufacturer to install
technologies from a predetermined list or "menu" of technologies preapproved by EPA. The
off-cycle credit menu provides specific credit values, or the calculation method for such
values, for each technology.15 Technologies from the menu may be used beginning in
model year 2014. This pathway allows manufacturers to use conservative credit values
established by EPA for a wide range of off-cycle technologies, with minimal data submittal
or testing requirements.
The amount of credit awarded varies for each technology and between cars and trucks. The
impact of credits from this pathway on a manufacturer's fleet is capped at 10 g/mi,
meaning that any single vehicle might accumulate more than 10 g/mi, but the cumulative
effect on a single manufacturer's fleet may not exceed a credit of more than 10 g/mi. The
regulations clearly define each technology and any requirements that apply for the
technology to generate credits. Figure 5.11 shows the adoption of menu technologies, by
manufacturer. These credits were widely used in model year 2017, with more than 90% of
off-cycle credits generated via the menu pathway. Each of these technologies is discussed
below.
Active Aerodynamics
Active aerodynamics refers to technologies which are automatically activated to improve
the aerodynamics of a vehicle under certain conditions. These include grill shutters and
spoilers, which allow air to flow over and around the vehicle more efficiently, and
suspension systems that improve air flow at higher speeds by reducing the height of the
vehicle. Credits are variable and based on the measured improvement in the coefficient of
drag, a test metric that reflects the efficiency of airflow around a vehicle.
Most manufacturers implemented at least some level of active aerodynamics on their
model year 2017 vehicles. Ford had the highest implementation, at nearly 80% of all new
vehicles, and realized the greatest CO2 reduction of just over 1 g/mi. Overall, almost 30% of
new vehicles qualified for these credits, reducing overall fleet CO2 emissions by 0.3 g/mi.
15 See 40CFR 86.1869-12(b).
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Figure 5.11. Off-Cycle Menu Technology Adoption by Manufacturer
BMW -
FCA -
Ford -
GM -
Honda -
Hyundai -
Jaguar
Land Rover
Kia -
Mercedes -
Nissan-
Mitsubishi
Subaru -
Tesla -
Toyota -
Volvo -
VW-
All
Manufacturers
9% 100%
36%
7%
13% 97% 90%
21% 100% 33%
0% 19% 100% 98% 17% 29%
10% 90%
100% 100%
5%
30%
4% 42%
10% 89%
49% 100% 76%
9% 99%
16% 45%
8% 64%
16%
42% 5% 100%
2% 71% 32% 24% 62%
8% 32% 41% 38% 62%
24% 90%
7% 97%
20%
1% 37% 3% 57%
100% 100%
4% 50% 6% 81%
98%
A
[% 27% 58% 2
100%
26% 98% 87% 28% 37%
15%
8% 55%
82%
100%
16% 64%
100% 100%
22% 57% 28% 20% 78%
~r
2% 15% 78% 44% 11% 30% 29% 17% 74%
—i 1—
~r
~r~
. ~ cP* *
vv Vsr /tv kv iy
<# <# <# <<5>
^ i (70-
-J&
ci? J"
*
r~
4*
V
—r~
0%
0%
S
:¦&
0
f y
\vy
/
Credit Type
• Active Aerodynamic Improvements • Engine Idle Start Stop
Thermal Control Technologies High Efficiency Lighting
Active Warmup • Solar Panels
95
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Thermal Control Technologies
Thermal control systems help to maintain a comfortable air temperature of the vehicle
interior, without the use of the A/C system. These technologies subsequently lower the
load on the A/C system, the amount of fuel required to run the A/C system, and
subsequently lowering GHG tailpipe emissions. The thermal control technologies included
in the off-cycle menu are:
• Active and passive cabin ventilation - Active systems use mechanical means to
vent the interior, while passive systems rely on ventilation through convective air
flow. Credits available for this technology range from 1.7 to 2.8 g/mi.
• Active seat ventilation - These systems move air through the seating surface,
transferring heat away from the vehicle occupants. Credits are 1.0 g/mi for cars
and 1.3 g/mi for trucks.
• Glass or glazing - Credits are available for glass or glazing technologies that
reduce the total solar transmittance through the glass, thus reducing the heat
from the sun that reaches the occupants. The credits are calculated based on
the measured solar transmittance through the glass and on the total area of
glass on the vehicle.
• Solar reflective surface coating - Credits are available for solar reflective surface
coating (e.g., paint) that reflects at least 65% of the infrared solar energy. Credits
are 0.4 g/mi for cars and 0.5 g/mi for trucks.
Active seat ventilation was used by many manufacturers and the rate of implementation
jumped from about five percent in model year 2016 to almost 15% in model year 2017.
Jaguar Land Rover remained the leader in adopting active seat ventilation, with
implementation on half of their vehicles (this is consistent with this technology being
largely limited to luxury brands or models).
As was the case in the previous model year, there was significant penetration of glass or
glazing technology across manufacturers, with a majority reporting this technology on
more than 50% of their vehicles, and seven manufacturers approaching a 100%
implementation rate. Three-quarters of the 2017 model year fleet was equipped with glass
or glazing technologies, resulting in a fleetwide GHG reduction of 2.1 g/mi. Four
manufacturers - FCA, GM, Jaguar Land Rover, and Toyota - achieved reductions of more
than 3 g/mi from this technology group, largely from their use of glass and cabin
ventilation technologies.
96
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Due to the likelihood of synergistic effects among the various thermal technologies, the
total per-vehicle credit allowed from this technology group is capped at 3.0 g/mi for cars
and 4.3 g/mi for trucks. Because this category of credits is capped, the actual credits
attributable to each technology in this category cannot be accurately summarized. For
example, credits for a car with active cabin ventilation (2.1 g/mi), active seat ventilation (1.0
g/mi), and reflective paint (0.4 g/mi) would total to 3.5 g/mi, thus exceeding the cap by 0.5
g/mi. Credits for this car would have to be truncated at 3.0 g/mi, and there is no non-
arbitrary methodology to assign that 3.0 g/mi to the array of technologies involved.
Therefore, this report can only detail the credits derived from the overall category, but not
from the individual technologies in the category.
Active Engine and Transmission Warmup
Active engine and transmission warmup systems use heat from the vehicle that would
typically be wasted (exhaust heat, for example) to warm up key elements of the engine,
allowing a faster transition to more efficient operation. An engine or transmission at its
optimal operating temperature minimizes internal friction, and thus operates more
efficiently and reduces tailpipe CO2 emissions. Systems that use a single heat-exchanging
loop that serves both transmission and engine warmup functions are eligible for either
engine or transmission warmup credits, but not both. Active engine and transmission
warmup technologies are each worth up to 1.5 g/mi for cars and 3.2 g/mi for trucks.
Most manufacturers adopted warmup technologies for their engines, transmissions, or
both. FCA employed active engine warmup in more than 70% of its new vehicles and active
transmission warmup in about one third, resulting in an aggregate CO2 reduction for their
fleet of about 3.4 g/mi. Honda led manufacturers in installing active transmission warmup
technology, which appeared on 90% of its new vehicles, contributing to a benefit from
warmup technologies for Honda of about 2.1 g/mi. Overall each of these technologies was
installed in about 30% of all new vehicles, resulting in a CO2 reduction of about 1.4 g/mi
across the 2017 model year fleet.
Engine Idle Stop/Start
Engine idle stop/start systems allow the engine to turn off when the vehicle is at a stop
(e.g., at a stoplight), automatically restarting the engine when the driver releases the brake
and/or applies pressure to the accelerator. If equipped with a switch to disable the system,
EPA must determine that the predominant operating mode of the system is the "on" setting
(defaulting to "on" every time the key is turned on is one basis for such a determination).
Thus, some vehicles with these systems are not eligible for credits. Credits range from 1.5
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to 4.4 g/mi and depend on whether the system is equipped with an additional technology
that, at low ambient temperatures, allows heat to continue to be circulated to the vehicle
occupants when the engine is off during a stop-start event.
The implementation of stop/start has been increasing rapidly, as discussed in Section 4,
which aggregates and reports on these systems regardless of the regulatory eligibility for
credits. Almost 17% of new vehicles qualified for and claimed this credit, resulting in a
fleetwide CO2 reduction of about 0.6 g/mi. Jaguar Land Rover and Volvo claimed start/stop
credits on 100% of their vehicles in model year 2017 providing these manufacturers with
CO2 reductions of near 4 g/mi. Other manufacturers have not come close to this adoption
rate, with Ford being the closest at almost 40%.
High Efficiency Exterior Lights
High efficiency lights (e.g., LEDs) reduce the total electric demand, and thus the fuel
consumption and related GHG emissions, of a lighting system in comparison to
conventional incandescent lighting. Credits are based on the specific lighting locations,
ranging from 0.06 g/mi for turn signals and parking lights to 0.38 g/mi for low beams. The
total of all lighting credits summed from all lighting locations may not exceed 1.0 g/mi.
Unlike some other off-cycle technologies, safety regulations require that all vehicles must
be equipped with lights, and the popularity of high efficiency lights across manufacturers
may reflect that lighting improvements are relatively straightforward to implement. All
manufacturers reporting off-cycle credits indicated implementation on at least half of their
fleet, with several manufacturers at or near 100% implementation. More than 70% of new
vehicles used high efficiency lighting in some form in model year 2017, reducing fleetwide
CO2 emissions by about 0.25 g/mi.
Solar Panels
Vehicles that use batteries for propulsion, such as electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and
hybrid vehicles may receive credits for solar panels that are used to charge the battery
directly or to provide power directly to essential vehicle systems (e.g., heating and cooling
systems). Credits are based on the rated power of the solar panels. Nissan-Mitsubishi was
the only company to claim this credit in model year 2017, and only for a very small number
of vehicles.
As shown in Table 5.3, manufacturers are using a mix of off-cycle menu technologies,
though each uses and benefits from the individual technologies to differing degrees.
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Table 5.3. Model Year 2017 Off-Cycle Technology Credits from the Menu, by
Manufacturer and Technology (g/mi)
Active
Active
Active
Engine
High
Total
Aero-
Engine
Trans
Thermal
Start-
Efficiency
Solar
Menu
Manufacturer
dynamics
Warmup
Warmup
Controls
Stop
Lighting
Panel
Credits
BMW
0.1
1.2
-
2.4
0.1
0.7
-
4.6
FCA
0.3
2.2
1.0
3.6
1.0
0.1
-
8.2
Ford
1.0
0.8
1.0
2.5
1.3
0.2
-
6.8
GM
0.5
0.6
-
3.4
0.6
0.4
-
5.5
Honda
0.1
0.2
1.9
0.6
0.2
0.3
-
3.3
Hyundai
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.1
-
1.6
Jaguar Land
Rover
0.3
-
-
3.2
4.0
0.7
-
8.2
Kia
0.0
0.1
1.0
1.1
0.1
0.1
-
2.4
Mercedes
-
-
-
1.0
-
0.7
-
1.7
Nissan-
Mitsubishi
0.1
0.5
1.2
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.0
2.9
Subaru
0.2
-
-
-
-
0.3
-
0.5
Tesla
1.5
-
-
3.0
-
0.8
-
5.2
Toyota
0.0
1.1
-
3.2
0.6
0.2
-
5.1
Volkswagen
0.0
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.4
-
3.4
Volvo
-
-
-
0.2
3.7
0.9
-
4.7
All
Manufacturers
0.3
0.8
0.7
2.1
0.6
0.3
0.0
4.7
Off-Cycle Credits Based on 5-Cycle Testing
In cases where additional laboratory testing can demonstrate emission benefits, a second
pathway allows manufacturers to use a broader array of emission tests (known as "5-cycle"
testing because the methodology uses five different testing procedures) to demonstrate
and justify off-cycle CO2 credits.16 The additional emission tests allow emission benefits to
be demonstrated over some elements of real-world driving not captured by the GHG
compliance tests, including high speeds, rapid accelerations, and cold temperatures.
Credits determined according to this methodology do not undergo additional public
review.
GM is the only manufacturer to have requested off-cycle credits based on 5-cycle testing.
These credits are for an auxiliary electric pump used on certain GM gasoline-electric hybrid
16 See 40CFR 86.1869-12(c).
99
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vehicles to keep engine coolant circulating in cold weather while the vehicle is stopped and
the engine is off. This enables the engine stop-start system to turn off the engine more
often during cold weather, while maintaining a comfortable temperature inside the vehicle.
GM received off-cycle credits during the early credits program for equipping hybrid full size
pick-up trucks equipped with this technology and has since applied the technology to
several other vehicles in subsequent model years, including 2017. However, the production
volume of these vehicles, and the impact of this credit, has been low.
Off-Cycle Credits Based on an Alternative Methodology
This third pathway for off-cycle technology credits allows manufacturers to seek EPA
approval to use an alternative methodology for determining the off-cycle technology CO2
credits.17 This option is only available if the benefit of the technology cannot be adequately
demonstrated using the 5-cycle methodology. Manufacturers may also use this option for
model years prior to 2014 to demonstrate CO2 reductions for technologies that are on the
off-cycle menu, or reductions that exceed those available via use of the menu. The
regulations require that EPA seek public comment on and publish each manufacturer's
application for credits sought using this pathway. Eight manufacturers have petitioned for
and been granted credits using this pathway, five of which reported credits in the 2017
model year for two technologies.18
In the fall of 2013, Mercedes requested off-cycle credits for the following off-cycle
technologies in use or planned for implementation in the 2012-2016 model years: stop-
start systems, high-efficiency lighting, infrared glass glazing, and active seat ventilation. EPA
approved methodologies for Mercedes to determine these off-cycle credits in September
2014.
Subsequently, FCA, Ford, and GM requested off-cycle credits under this pathway, which EPA
approved in September 2015. FCA and Ford submitted applications for off-cycle credits
from high efficiency exterior lighting, solar reflective glass/glazing, solar reflective paint,
and active seat ventilation. Ford's application also demonstrated off-cycle benefits from
active aerodynamic improvements (grill shutters), active transmission warm-up, active
engine warm-up technologies, and engine idle stop-start. GM's application described the
real-world benefits of an A/C compressor made by Denso with variable crankcase suction
17 See 40CFR 86.1869-12(d).
18 EPA maintains a web page on which we publish the manufacturers' applications for these credits, the
relevant Federal Register notices, and the EPA decision documents. See https://www.epa.gov/vehicle-and-
enginecertification/compliance-information-light-dutv-greenhouse-gas-ghg-standards.
3
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valve technology. EPA approved the credits for FCA, Ford, and GM in September of 2015.
EPA approved additional credits under this pathway in January of 2017 for BMW, Ford, GM,
and Volkswagen, and later for Hyundai. In December 2016, EPA approved a methodology
for determining credits from high-efficiency alternators that Ford had applied for in 2016.
EPA subsequently approved high-efficiency alternator credits also for FCA, GM, and Toyota.
High efficiency alternators use new technologies that reduce the overall load on the engine
while continuing to meet the electrical demands of the vehicle systems, resulting in lower
fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions.
Most of the approved credits have been for previous model years, and thus are not
included in the detailed reporting for the 2017 model year in this section. Credit balances
have been updated to include retroactive credits that have been reported to EPA, and any
relevant tables that include data from previous model years will reflect the addition of
these credits. Table 5.5 shows the impact of the credits submitted for the Denso SAS
compressor and high-efficiency alternators. On a total fleetwide basis, the aggregated
credit is less than 0.5 g/mi.
Table 5,4. Model Yew •»' < Cycle Technology Credits from /Vernative
Methodology, by Manufacturer and Technology (g/mi)
Total Alternative
Denso SAS A/C High-Efficiency Methodology
Manufacturer Compressor Alternator Credits
FCA
-
0.5
0.5
Ford
-
0.6
0.6
GM
0.7
0.5
1.2
Hyundai
0.2
-
0.2
Toyota
0.2
0.1
0.3
All Manufacturers
0.2
0.2
0.4
Off-Cycle Credit Summary
On average, the industry achieved almost 5 g/mi of off-cycle credits in model year 2017.
About 90% of those credits were claimed using technologies, and credit definitions, on the
off-cycle menu. The remaining credits were due almost entirely to manufacturer submitted
alternative methodologies. Only a very small number of credits (GM) were created through
the 5-cycle testing pathway. Figure 5.12 shows the average number of credits, in g/mi, that
each manufacturer achieved in model year 2017. FCA led the way with the highest average
1
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off-cycle credits, followed closelyjaguar Land Rover, Ford, and GM. Most manufacturers
achieved at least some off-cycle credits, although Mazda, and BYD did not report any off-
cycle credits for model year 2017.
Figure 5.12. Total Off-Cycle Credits by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017
Non-Menu credits
Menu Credits
Alternative Standards for Methane and Nitrous Oxide
As part of the EPA GHG Program, EPA set emission standards for methane (CbU) and
nitrous oxide (N2O) at 0.030 g/mi for CbUand 0.010 g/mi for N2O. Current levels of CH4 and
N2O emissions are generally well below these established standards, however the caps
were set to prevent future increases in emissions.
There are three different ways for a manufacturer to demonstrate compliance with these
standards. First, manufacturers may submit test data as they do for all other non-GHG
emission standards; this option is used by most manufacturers. Because there are no
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credits or deficits involved with this approach, and there are no consequences with respect
to the CO2 fleet average calculation, the manufacturers are not required to submit this data
as part of their GHG reporting. Hence, this GHG compliance report does not include
information from manufacturers using this option.
The second option for manufacturers is to include CH4 and N2O, on a C02-equivalent basis,
when calculating their fleet average performance values, in lieu of demonstrating
compliance with the regulatory caps. This method directly accounts for CH4 and N2O,
increasing the performance value of a manufacturer's fleets, while the standards remain
unchanged. Analyses of emissions data have shown that use of this option may add
approximately 3 g/mi to a manufacturer's fleet average. Only Subaru chose to use this
approach in the 2017 model year.
The third option for complying with the CH4 and N2O standards allows manufacturers to
propose an alternative, less stringent CH4 and/or N2O standard for any vehicle that may
have difficulty meeting the specific standards. However, manufacturers that use this
approach must also calculate a deficit (in Megagrams) based on the less stringent
standards and on the production volumes of the vehicles to which those standards apply.
Eight manufacturers made use of the flexibility offered by this approach in the 2017 model
year. In aggregate, the industry created a deficit of about 0.5 Tg due to this approach.
Alternative Standards for Small Volume Manufacturers
EPA established the Temporary Lead-time Allowance Alternative Standards (TLAAS) to
assist manufacturers with limited product lines that may be especially challenged in the
early years of EPA's GHG program. The TLAAS program was established to provide
additional lead-time for manufacturers with narrow product offerings which may not be
able to take full advantage of averaging or other program flexibilities due to the limited
scope of the types of vehicles they sell. This program was only available during the 2012-
2015 model years and is only shown in historic data.
Summ fanufacturer Performance
Each of the flexibilities described here have been used by manufacturers as part of their
compliance strategies under the GHG program. As described above, the availability of
these flexibilities, and the magnitude of their impact, has varied both by manufacturer and
model year. Table 5.5 through Table 5.10 below detail the impact of these flexibilities by
manufacturer for model year 2017, and for the industry as a whole over the course of the
GHG Program.
103
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Table 5.5, Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2C<*s \ A.' n,
Credits
ch4&
2-Cycle
Off-
n2o
Performance
Manufacturer
Tailpipe
FFV TLA AS A/C
ATVs
Cycle
Deficit
Value
BMW
272
19.8
5.5
4.6
0.2
242
BYD Motors
0
-
226.2
-
-
-226
FCA
337
20.8
0.8
8.7
0.1
307
Ford
310
16.7
1.0
7.4
0.8
286
GM
313
17.9
3.1
6.7
0.1
285
Honda
234
13.7
0.3
3.3
-
217
Hyundai
245
6.5
0.3
1.8
-
237
Jaguar Land
Rover
332
23.2
-
8.2
-
301
Kia
260
10.8
0.8
2.4
-
246
Mazda
235
-
-
-
0.3
235
Mercedes
306
12.3
1.1
1.7
-
291
Nissan-
Mitsubishi
256
7.7
1.2
2.9
0.0
244
Subaru
242
10.6
-
0.5
-
231
Tesla
0
7.3
252.0
6.5
-
-266
Toyota
276
10.3
1.3
5.4
0.1
259
VW
266
10.0
1.0
3.4
0.0
252
Volvo
273
11.6
2.1
4.7
-
254
All
Manufacturers
283
13.7
2.0
5.1
0.2
263
Table 5,6, Indus* % '^rformance by Model a. » )
Credits
ch4&
2-Cycle
Off-
n2o
Performance
Model Year
Tailpipe
FFV
TLA AS
A/C
ATVs
Cycle
Deficit
Value
2012
302
8.1
0.6
6.1
-
0.9
0.2
287
2013
294
7.8
0.5
6.9
-
1.0
0.3
278
2014
294
8.9
0.2
8.4
-
2.8
0.2
274
2015
286
6.4
0.3
9.4
-
2.9
0.2
267
2016
285
-
-
10.1
-
3.1
0.1
271
2017
283
-
-
13.7
2.0
5.1
0.2
263
104
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Table 5.7, Manufacturer Performance in Modrl Year 2017, Car (g/mi)
Credits
CH4&
2-Cycle
Off-
n2o
Manufacturer
Tailpipe
FFV TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Cycle
Deficit
BMW
251
-
18.4
6.7
3.5
0.1
BYD Motors
0
-
-
226.2
-
-
FCA
291
-
16.7
3.4
3.4
0.0
Ford
259
-
15.0
2.5
4.7
0.2
GM
239
-
12.9
7.8
5.3
0.0
Honda
209
-
10.5
0.5
2.0
-
Hyundai
238
-
6.4
0.3
1.5
-
Jaguar Land
Rover
291
-
18.8
-
5.6
-
Kia
232
-
10.3
1.2
2.0
-
Mazda
222
-
-
-
-
0.2
Mercedes
269
-
11.0
1.9
1.1
-
Nissan-
Mitsubishi
225
-
6.9
1.9
2.0
0.1
Subaru
243
-
6.9
-
0.5
-
Tesla
0
-
7.3
252.0
6.5
-
Toyota
222
-
7.6
2.8
3.6
0.1
VW
246
-
9.0
1.1
2.4
0.0
Volvo
249
-
9.4
-
3.4
-
All
Manufacturers
235
-
10.1
3.9
3.0
0.0
Performance
Value
223
-226
267
237
213
196
230
267
219
222
255
214
236
-266
208
234
236
218
Table 5,8, Indus* % '^rformance by Model Year, Car (g/mi)
Credits
ch4&
2-Cycle
Off-
n2o
Performance
Model Year
Tailpipe
FFV
TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Cycle
Deficit
Value
2012
259
4.0
0.2
5.4
-
0.5
0.1
249
2013
251
4.0
0.1
6.3
-
0.7
0.3
240
2014
250
4.6
0.1
7.5
-
1.8
0.3
236
2015
243
3.1
0.0
8.0
-
2.0
0.1
230
2016
240
-
-
8.6
-
1.9
0.1
230
2017
235
-
-
10.1
3.9
3.0
0.0
218
105
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Table 5.9, Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2s.- * \ » xvdc (g/mi)
Credits
ch4&
2-Cycle
Off-
n2o
Performance
Manufacturer
Tailpipe
FFV TLAAS A/C
ATVs
Cycle
Deficit
Value
BMW
310
22.3
3.2
6.8
0.3
278
FCA
347
21.7
0.3
9.8
0.1
315
Ford
348
18.0
-
9.4
1.2
322
GM
362
21.2
-
7.7
0.1
333
Honda
278
19.2
-
5.5
-
253
Hyundai
339
7.0
-
5.3
-
327
Jaguar Land
Rover
343
24.4
-
8.8
-
310
Kia
323
11.8
-
3.2
-
308
Mazda
262
-
-
-
0.6
263
Mercedes
349
13.8
0.1
2.4
-
333
Nissan-
Mitsubishi
308
9.1
-
4.5
-
294
Subaru
242
11.7
-
0.5
-
230
Toyota
325
12.7
-
7.1
0.1
305
VW
321
12.8
0.8
6.1
-
301
Volvo
287
12.8
3.4
5.6
-
265
All
Manufacturers
330
17.1
0.1
7.1
0.3
306
Table 5,10, Industry Performance by Model Year, Truck (g/mi}
Credits
ch4&
2-Cycle
Off-
n2o
Performance
Model Year
Tailpipe
FFV
TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Cycle
Deficit
Value
2012
369
14.5
1.3
7.3
-
1.5
0.3
346
2013
360
13.8
1.1
7.9
-
1.6
0.3
337
2014
349
14.3
0.3
9.7
-
4.1
0.1
321
2015
336
10.2
0.6
11.0
-
4.1
0.2
311
2016
332
-
-
11.8
-
4.5
0.2
316
2017
330
-
-
17.1
0.1
7.1
0.3
306
106
-------
C. End of Year Credit Balance
Each model year, manufacturers must determine their tailpipe CO2 emissions, the
flexibilities that they are eligible to use, and the performance values for their car and truck
fleets. The car and truck performance values can be compared to the respective footprint-
based CO2 standards to determine "net compliance" in a model year for each fleet. This
value provides a snapshot of how each manufacturer's fleet performed within the model
year, but it is not an enforceable compliance value and does not give a complete picture of
the manufacturer's status under the GHG program, due to the ABT-based design of the
overall GHG program.
As discussed at the beginning of this section, the GHG program allows manufacturers to
take advantage of averaging, banking, and trading options. The averaging provisions allow
manufacturers to use a production-weighted standard for car and truck fleets, as opposed
to standards for individual vehicles. It also allows manufacturers to use surplus credits
from their car fleet to offset a shortfall within their truck fleet, or vice versa, within a model
year. The banking provisions allow manufacturers to carry credits, or deficits, between
model years, and the trading provisions allow manufacturers to trade credits between
manufacturers.
The following discussion provides more detail on the credit program and how credit
balances are determined. This includes accounting for credit expirations and forfeitures,
credits earned under the early credit program, each manufacturer's annual standards and
performance values, and credit transactions between companies. The discussion will focus
on credits in terms of Megagrams (or Teragrams), which is how the credits are accounted
for within the GHG program.
Expiration or Forfeiture of Credits
All credits earned within the GHG program have expiration dates. However, the only credits
that have expired so far were credits earned under the early credit program (discussed
below) from model year 2009. All credits earned from model years 2010 to 2016, which
make up the vast majority of credits currently held by manufacturers, will expire at the end
of model year 2021. Beginning in model year 2017, all credits have a 5-year lifetime (i.e.,
credits earned in model year 2017 will expire at the end of model year 2022).
A limited number of credits have been forfeited by several manufacturers. Although
forfeiture and expiration both have fundamentally the same effect - a loss or removal of
credits - forfeiture is considered a different and less common mechanism, brought about
107
-------
by unique circumstances. Hyundai and Kia forfeited a specified quantity of 2013 model
year credits after an investigation into their testing methods that concluded with a
settlement announced on November 3, 2014. Additional manufacturers forfeited credits
because of their participation in the Temporary Lead Time Alternative Allowance Standards
(TLAAS). Opting into these less stringent standards, which are no longer available, came
with some restrictions, including the requirement that any credits accumulated by using
the TLAAS standards may not be used by or transferred to a fleet meeting the primary
standard. This impacted Porsche, which was bought by VW in 2012. Porsche held some
credits earned against the TLAAS standards at the time they were merged with VW, and VW
was not participating in the TLAAS program. Thus, those credits could not carry over to the
merged company and were lost. Similarly, Mercedes and Volvo reached the end of the
TLAAS program, which applied through the 2015 model year, with credits in their TLAAS
bank that could not be transferred to their post-2015 bank and thus were forfeited.
Credits for Early Adoption of Technology
The GHG program included an optional provision that allowed manufacturers to generate
credits in the 2009-2011 model years, prior to the implementation of regulatory standards
in model year 2012. This flexibility allowed manufacturers to generate credits for achieving
tailpipe CO2 emissions targets or introducing technology before model year 2012. The
pathways for earning credits under the early credit program were similar to flexibilities
built into the annual GHG requirements, including improved A/C systems, off-cycle credits,
and electric, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles.
To earn credits based on tailpipe CO2 performance, manufacturers could demonstrate
tailpipe emissions levels below either California or national standards, dependent on the
state the car was sold in. California developed GHG standards prior to the adoption of the
EPA GHG program, and some states had adopted these standards. In all other states, CO2
levels were calculated based on the national CAFE standards. The early credits program
required that participating manufacturers determine credits for each of the three model
years. Thus, even manufacturers with a deficit in one or more of the early model years (i.e.,
their tailpipe CO2 performance was worse than the applicable emissions threshold) could
benefit from the early credits program if their net credits over the three years was a
positive value.
Due to concerns expressed by stakeholders during the rulemaking process, 2009 model
year credits could not be traded between companies and were limited to a 5-year credit
life. Thus, all credits earned in model year 2009 expired at the end of the 2014 model year
108
-------
if not already used. The remaining 2010-2011 model year credits were banked and may be
used until the 2021 model year.
Sixteen manufacturers participated in the early credits program, generating about 234 Tg
of credits in total. Figure 5.13 shows the early credits earned, expired, and remaining for
each manufacturer. Of the 234 Tg of early credits earned by manufacturers, 76 Tg, or about
one-third of the early credits accumulated by manufacturers in the 2009-2011 model
years, were 2009 credits that expired. The remaining 2010-2011 model year credits will be
available until the 2021 model year. The impacts of credit trading is not accounted for in
Figure 5.13, thus the figure does not show how many of these early credits remain for each
manufacturer at the end of the 2017 model year.
Figure 5.13. Early Credits Reported and Expired by Manufacturer
Expired 2009 Credits
Used 2009 Credits
Remaining Credits
109
-------
Of the 234 Tg of early credits, 85% of those credits were generated from performing better
than the tailpipe CO2 emissions targets established in the regulations. About 10% were due
to A/C leakage credits, 4% were due to A/C efficiency improvements, and just over 1% were
due to off-cycle credits. Manufacturers can no longer generate early credits (except
through applications to the EPA for retroactive off-cycle credits). More details of the early
credit program can be found in the "Early Credits Report," which was released by EPA in
2013.19
Model Year Performance Versus Standards
Manufacturer-specific standards and performance within the model year were discussed in
Sections 5.A and 5.B above. Comparing these two values for each manufacturer's fleet
determines the annual net compliance for each fleet. The total credit surplus or shortfall
for that model year is determined by manufacturers based on the net compliance and total
production of each fleet.
Figure 5.14 illustrates the performance of the large manufacturers in model year 2017,
compared to their standards, and prior to the application of banked credits from previous
model years or credit transactions between companies. As explained previously,
manufacturers have separate car and truck standards, and do not have an overall
standard. However, it is useful to calculate and show an equivalent overall standard for
evaluating a manufacturer's overall status under the GHG program.
Figure 5.14 is a "snapshot" that shows how manufacturers performed against the
standards with their 2017 fleets, but it does not portray whether these manufacturers have
ultimately complied with the model year 2017 standards. Most large manufacturers were
above (i.e., did not meet) their standard in model year 2017. Three of the 13 major
manufacturers were able to achieve compliance based on the emission performance of
their 2017 model year vehicles, without utilizing additional banked credits. The fact that
manufacturers were above their standards does not mean that these manufacturers were
out of compliance with the GHG program, as nearly all manufacturers had more than
enough credits to offset the difference, as shown later in this report. While most individual
manufacturers were above their individual standards, on average the industry only missed
the standards by 5 g/mile and achieved the lowest fleetwide performance of any year of
the program thus far.
19 Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards for Light-Duty Automobiles: Status of Early Credit Program for Model
Years 2009-2011, Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Report No. EPA-420-R-13-005, March 2013.
110
-------
Figure 5.14. Performance and Standards by Manufacturer, 2017 Model Year
| Standard
¦ Performance
Table 5.11 through Table 5.16 provide a summary of the standards, manufacturer
performance, and net compliance by manufacturer for model year 2017, and for the
industry as a whole for model years 2009-2012 (including early credits). The net
compliance value is the difference between the standard and performance value. A
negative value indicates that the manufacturer, or the industry, was below the applicable
standard and generated credits. Conversely, a positive net compliance value indicates that
the manufacturer, or the industry, exceeded (i.e., did not meet) the standards and
generated a credit shortfall.
Toyota, for example, generated a 2017 model year credit shortfall because their overall
compliance value of 259 g/mi is above their fleet-wide standard of 255 g/mi. Honda, on the
other hand, reported a credit surplus based on a compliance value of 217 g/mi, 23 g/mi
lower than their fleet-wide standard of 240 g/mi.
These tables only show credits generated within a model year, and do not account for
credits used to offset deficits in other model years, credits that are traded between
manufacturers, or credits that have expired or been forfeited. It is important to note that
the tables showing combined results are aggregated from the passenger car and light-duty
truck data and standards—there are no independent standards for the combined fleet.
111
-------
Table 5.11. Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, All
Credit
Performance
Net
Surplus/
Value
Standard
Compliance
Shortfall
Manufacturer
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
Production
(Mg)
BMW
242
243
-1
335,931
74,068
BYD Motors
-226
226
-452
6
530
FCA
307
285
22
1,919,705
-9,475,132
Ford
286
272
14
2,209,104
-6,740,859
GM
285
277
8
2,792,390
-4,592,921
Honda
217
240
-23
1,624,754
7,571,997
Hyundai
237
223
13
943,992
-2,497,514
Jaguar Land Rover
301
278
23
122,586
-611,459
Kia
246
237
9
610,909
-1,069,577
Mazda
235
233
2
256,948
-129,889
Mercedes
291
257
34
344,679
-2,418,050
Nissan-Mitsubishi
244
243
1
1,812,184
-504,236
Subaru
231
247
-16
679,672
2,364,325
Tesla
-266
252
-518
46,979
4,749,578
Toyota
259
255
4
2,566,856
-2,247,660
VW
252
232
20
660,189
-2,700,414
Volvo
254
270
-16
79,845
273,453
All
Manufacturers
263
258
5
17,006,729
-17,953,760
Table 5,12, Total Credits Earned in Model Yiws 2009-2017, All
Credit
Performance
Net
Surplus/
Model
Value
Standard
Compliance
Shortfall
Credit
Year
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
Production
(Mg)
Expiration
2009
-
-
-
-
98,520,511
2014
2010
-
-
-
-
96,699,987
2021
2011
-
-
-
-
38,509,271
2021
2012
287
299
-12
13,445,040
32,913,828
2021
2013
278
292
-14
15,197,270
42,335,732
2021
2014
274
287
-13
15,510,206
41,372,314
2021
2015
267
274
-7
16,735,765
23,665,204
2021
2016
271
263
9
16,276,424
-29,929,366
2021
2017
263
258
5
17,006,729
-17,953,760
2022
112
-------
Table 5.13. Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, Car
Credit
Performance
Net
Surplus/
Value
Standard
Compliance
Shortfall
Manufacturer
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
Production
(Mg)
BMW
223
221
2
228,971
-69,208
BYD Motors
-226
226
-452
6
530
FCA
267
225
42
371,476
-3,079,993
Ford
237
222
15
1,013,712
-2,980,308
GM
213
221
-8
1,218,645
1,894,311
Honda
196
217
-21
1,081,564
4,421,704
Hyundai
230
219
11
885,043
-1,849,061
Jaguar Land Rover
267
244
23
27,798
-122,883
Kia
219
218
1
442,327
-44,211
Mazda
222
216
6
182,534
-220,221
Mercedes
255
229
26
198,665
-1,010,089
Nissan-Mitsubishi
214
217
-3
1,201,340
653,252
Subaru
236
213
23
181,917
-805,157
Tesla
-266
252
-518
46,979
4,749,578
Toyota
208
216
-8
1,322,377
2,033,559
VW
234
213
21
498,271
-1,994,880
Volvo
236
241
-5
32,690
30,969
All
Manufacturers
218
219
-1
8,934,315
1,607,892
Table 5.14. Total Credits Earned in Mod > Ytv.rs 2009-2017, Car
Credit
Performance
Net
Surplus/
Model
Value
Standard
Compliance
Shortfall
Credit
Year
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
Production
(Mg)
Expiration
2009
-
-
-
-
58,017,205
2014
2010
-
-
-
-
50,742,636
2021
2011
-
-
-
-
8,678,660
2021
2012
249
267
-18
8,655,883
30,438,750
2021
2013
240
261
-21
9,744,776
39,210,720
2021
2014
236
253
-16
9,205,220
29,279,630
2021
2015
230
241
-11
9,597,304
21,260,234
2021
2016
230
231
-1
8,998,957
2,210,184
2021
2017
218
219
-1
8,934,315
1,607,892
2022
113
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Table 5.15. Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, Truck
Credit
Performance
Net
Surplus/
Value
Standard
Compliance
Shortfall
Manufacturer
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
Production
(Mg)
BMW
278
284
-6
106,960
143,276
FCA
315
297
18
1,548,229
-6,395,139
Ford
322
308
14
1,195,392
-3,760,551
GM
333
315
18
1,573,745
-6,487,232
Honda
253
279
-26
543,190
3,150,293
Hyundai
327
278
49
58,949
-648,453
Jaguar Land Rover
310
287
23
94,788
-488,576
Kia
308
281
27
168,582
-1,025,366
Mazda
263
268
-5
74,414
90,332
Mercedes
333
290
43
146,014
-1,407,961
Nissan-Mitsubishi
294
286
8
610,844
-1,157,488
Subaru
230
258
-28
497,755
3,169,482
Toyota
305
290
15
1,244,479
-4,281,219
VW
301
282
19
161,918
-705,534
Volvo
265
288
-23
47,155
242,484
All
Manufacturers
306
295
11
8,072,414
-19,561,652
Table 5.16. Total Credits Earned in Mod-*! Yjws 2009-2017, Truck
Credit
Performance
Net
Surplus/
Model
Value
Standard
Compliance
Shortfall
Credit
Year
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
Production
(Mg)
Expiration
2009
-
-
-
-
40,503,306
2014
2010
-
-
-
-
45,957,351
2021
2011
-
-
-
-
29,830,611
2021
2012
346
349
-2
4,789,157
2,475,078
2021
2013
337
339
-3
5,452,494
3,125,012
2021
2014
321
330
-8
6,304,986
12,092,684
2021
2015
311
312
-1
7,138,461
2,404,970
2021
2016
316
297
20
7,277,467
-32,139,550
2021
2017
306
295
11
8,072,414
-19,561,652
2022
114
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Credit Transactions
Credits may be traded among manufacturers with a great deal of flexibility. There are only
a few regulatory requirements that relate to credit transactions between manufacturers,
and these are generally designed to protect those involved in these transactions. While it
may seem obvious, it is worth stating that a manufacturer may not trade credits that it
does not have. Credits that are available for trade are only those available (1) at the end of
a model year, and (2) after a manufacturer has offset any deficits they might have. Credit
transactions that result in a negative credit balance for the selling manufacturer are not
allowed. Although a third party may facilitate transactions, EPA's regulations allow only the
automobile manufacturers to engage in credit transactions and hold credits.
Figure 5.15. Total Credits Transactions Through Model Year 2017
Sold Purchased
Ex pi res 2021 ¦ Ex pi res 2022
The credit transactions reported by manufacturers through the 2017 model year are
summarized in Figure 5.15. Credits that have been sold are shown as negative credits, since
the sale of credits will reduce the selling manufacturer's credit balance. Conversely, credits
that have been purchased are shown as positive credits, since they will increase the
purchasing manufacturer's credit balance. The values shown in Figure 5.15 are the total
115
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quantity of credits that have been bought or sold by a manufacturer, and likely represent
multiple transactions between various manufacturers. Figure 5.15 also shows the
expiration date of credits sold and acquired. Credits generated in model year 2017 will
expire in 2022; all other credits will expire in model year 2021. As of the close of the 2017
model year, about 48 Tg of CO2 credits had changed hands.
Note that manufacturers do not report transactions to EPA as they occur; thus, there may
be additional credit transactions that have occurred that are not reported here.
Transactions reported after the manufacturers submitted their model year 2017 data will
be reported in the next release of this report.
Final Credit Balances
At this point, manufacturers calculate their total credit balance at the end of the model
year. The final credit balance is the sum of prior credits or deficits, credit surpluses or
shortfalls accrued in the current model year, expired or forfeited credits, and credits
purchased or sold. Table 5.17 shows the impact of each of these categories for each
manufacturer, including their final model year 2017 credit balances. Table 5.18 shows the
breakdown of expiration dates for credit balances, and the distribution, by age of credit
deficits. All credit deficits must be offset within three years, or a manufacturer will be
considered non-compliant with the GHG program.
116
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Table 5,17, Final Credit Balance by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017 (Mg)
Early Credits
Credits
Credits
Credits
Final 2017
Earned
Earned
Earned
Credits
Credits
Purchased
Credit
Manufacturer
2009-2011
2012-2016
2017
Expired
Forfeited
or Sold
Balance
BMW
1,251,522
85,611
74,068
-134,791
-
4,000,000
5,276,410
BYD Motors
-
4,871
530
-
-
-
5,401
Coda
-
7,251
-
-
-
-7,251
-
FCA
10,827,083
-13,720,576
-9,475,132
-
-
32,675,990
20,307,365
Ford
16,116,453
12,770,167
-6,740,859
-5,882,011
-
-
16,263,750
GM
25,510,557
1,090,478
-4,592,921
-6,933,126
-
7,251
15,082,239
Honda
35,842,334
36,976,814
7,571,997
-14,133,353
-
-28,444,401
37,813,391
Hyundai
14,007,495
11,228,473
-2,497,514
-4,482,649
-169,775
-
18,086,030
Jaguar Land Rover
-
-2,258,202
-611,459
-
-
2,294,494
-575,167
Karma Automotive
-
58,852
-
-
-
-
58,852
Kia
10,444,192
-1,945,739
-1,069,577
-2,362,882
-123,956
-
4,942,038
Mazda
5,482,642
5,282,826
-129,889
-1,340,917
-
-
9,294,662
Mercedes
378,272
-3,586,064
-2,418,050
-
-28,416
6,227,713
573,455
Nissan-Mitsubishi
19,580,536
21,305,077
-504,236
-8,773,270
-
-3,539,063
28,069,044
Porsche
-
426,439
-
-
-426,439
-
-
Subaru
5,755,171
9,237,767
2,364,325
-491,789
-
-
16,865,474
Suzuki
876,650
-183,097
-
-265,311
-
-
428,242
Tesla
49,772
6,038,569
4,749,578
-
-
-8,452,302
2,385,617
Toyota
80,435,498
30,713,921
-2,247,660
-29,732,098
-
-7,762,431
71,407,230
Volkswagen
6,441,405
-2,521,484
-2,700,414
-1,442,571
-
3,000,000
2,776,936
Volvo
All
730,187
-654,242
273,453
-
-85,163
-
264,235
All
Manufacturers
233,729,769
110,357,712
-17,953,760
-75,974,768
-833,749
-
249,325,204
117
3
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Table 5,18, Distribution of Credits by Expiration Date (Mg)
Manufacturer
BMW
BYD Motors
FCA
Ford
GM
Honda
Hyundai
Jaguar Land Rover
Karma Automotive
Kia
Mazda
Mercedes
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Subaru
Suzuki
Tesla
Toyota
Volkswagen
Volvo
All Manufacturers
Final 2017
Credits
Credits
Credit
Expiring in
Expiring in
Balance
2021
2022
5,276,410
3,133,134
2,143,276
5,401
4,871
530
20,307,365
17,942,828
2,363,961
16,263,750
16,263,730
-
15,082,239
13,187,928
1,894,311
37,813,391
32,241,394
5,571,997
18,086,030
18,086,030
-
-575,167
-
-
58,852
58,852
-
4,942,038
4,942,038
-
9,294,662
9,204,330
90,332
573,455
573,455
28,069,044
27,415,792
653,252
16,865,474
13,695,992
3,169,482
428,242
428,242
-
2,385,617
-
2,385,617
71,407,230
69,373,671
2,033,559
2,776,936
2,776,936
-
264,235
-
264,235
Deficit
Carried
1 year
Deficit
Carried
2 years
-575,167
249,325,204 229,329,819 20,570,552
-575,167
1
118
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D. Compliance Status After the 2017 Model Year
To evaluate the overall compliance status of manufacturers, EPA considers the credit
balance of each manufacturer at the end of the most recent model year. Because credits
may not be carried forward unless deficits from all prior model years have been resolved, a
positive credit balance means compliance with the current and all previous model years of
the program. The credits accrued will be available to that manufacturer until they are used
to offset a credit shortfall within a future model year, or until they expire. Figure 5.16 (and
Table 5.17) show the credit balance of all manufacturers after model year 2017.
Figure 5.16. Manufacturer Credit Balance After Model Year 2017
Toyota -
Honda -
Nissan-Mitsubishi -
FCA-
Hyundai-
Subaru-
Ford-
GM-
Mazda-
BMW-
Kia-
VW-
Tesla-
Mercedes-
Suzuki -
Volvo -
Karma Automotive -
BYD Motors-
Jaguar Land Rover -
0 20 40 60
GHG Credits (Tg ofC02)
Manufacturers with a positive
credit balance have complied
through Model Year 2017
I
I
Manufacturers with a negative
credit balance have up to 3 years
to offset the deficit
119
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All manufacturers, except one, ended the 2017 model year with a positive credit balance
and are thus in compliance with model year 2017 and all previous years of the GHG
program. Jaguar Land Rover, the sole manufacturer carrying a deficit into the 2018 model
year, does not have any outstanding deficits that would result in noncompliance or
enforcement actions from EPA. However, Jaguar Land Rover will have to offset the existing
deficits in future model years either by producing future efficient vehicles that exceed the
standards, or by purchasing credits from other manufacturers.
Figure 5.17 shows the overall industry performance, standards, and credit bank for all
years of the GHG program. As discussed earlier in this section, the performance of the
industry on average was below the standards for the first four years of the GHG program,
from model year 2012 through 2015. In model years 2016 and 2017, the industry was on
average above the standards. In model year 2017 the industry improved overall GHG
performance by 8 g/mi, and while this was not enough to meet the standard, the gap
between the GHG standard and fleet average performance narrowed to 5 g/mi from 9
g/mi.
The industry created a large bank of credits using the early credits provision and it
continued to grow the bank of credits during the first four years of the program by
reducing emissions below the requirements of the standards. For the last two years, the
industry has had to use banked credits, reducing the overall credit bank, but the balance of
credits remains substantial.
The industry emerges from model year 2017 with a bank of almost 250 teragrams (Tg) of
GHG credits to draw upon in future years. Based on their compliance strategy, many
manufacturers used credits in model year 2017. As a result, the industry depleted their
collective credit bank by about 18 Tg, or about 7% of the total credit balance, to maintain
compliance. If applied entirely to model year 2017, the balance of nearly 250 Tg would be
equivalent to a fleetwide GHG reduction of about 70 g/mi. Of those credits, 92% will expire
at the end of model year 2021 if not used. Additionally, more than half of the current
balance is held by three manufacturers, and the availability of these or future credits is
inherently uncertain.
After accounting for the use of credits, and the ability to carry forward a deficit in the case
of Jaguar Land Rover, the industry overall does not face any non-compliance issues as of
the end of the 2017 model year.
1
120
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Figure 5.17. Industry Performance and Standards, Credit Generation and Use
E
s
o
x
o
<1)
O
c
ro
o_
£
o
O
O
O
M—
O
D)
"O
o
o
X
o
300
280
260
240
• Standard
I Performance
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Credits Earned
Credits Used
Total
Early Credits 2012
(2009-2011)
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Carry to
2018
Model Year
121
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Appendices: Methods and Additional Data
A. Sources of Input Data
Nearly all of the data for this report are based on automakers' direct submissions to EPA.
EPA has required manufacturers to provide vehicle fuel economy to consumers since 1977,
and has collected data on every new light-duty vehicle model sold in the United States
since 1975. The data are obtained either from testing performed by EPA at the National
Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan, or directly from
manufacturers using official EPA test procedures.
National fuel economy standards have been in place in the United States for cars and light
trucks since 1978. The Department of Transportation, through the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA), has the responsibility for setting and enforcing fuel
economy standards through the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program. Since
the inception of CAFE, EPA has been responsible for establishing test procedures and
calculation methods, and for collecting data used to determine vehicle fuel economy levels.
EPA calculates the CAFE value for each manufacturer and provides it to NHTSA. NHTSA
publishes the final CAFE values in its annual "Summary of Fuel Economy Performance"
reports at www.nhtsa.gov/Laws-&-Regulations/CAFE—Fuel-Economy. Since model year
2012, NHTSA and EPA have maintained coordinated fuel economy and greenhouse gas
standards that apply to model year 2012 through model year 202520 vehicles.
The data that EPA collects comprise the most comprehensive database of its kind. For
recent model years, the vast majority of the data in this report are reported to EPA using
the EV-CIS database maintained by EPA. This database contains a broad amount of data
associated with CO2 emissions and fuel economy, vehicle and engine technology, and other
vehicle performance metrics. This report extracts only a portion of the data from the EV-CIS
database.
In some cases, the data submitted by automakers are supplemented by data that were
obtained through independent research by EPA. For example, EPA relied on published data
from external sources for certain parameters of pre-model year 2011 vehicles: (1) engines
with variable valve timing (VVT), (2) engines with cylinder deactivation, and (3) vehicle
footprint, as automakers did not submit this data until model year 2011. EPA projects
footprint data for the preliminary model year 2018 fleet based on footprint values for
20 See 75 Federal Register 25324, May 7, 2010 and 77 Federal Register 62624, October 15, 2012.
1
-------
existing models from previous years and footprint values for new vehicle designs available
through public sources. In addition, vehicle 0-to-60 acceleration values are not provided by
automakers, but are either calculated from other Trends data, as discussed in Section 3, or
taken from external sources.
This report presents analysis and data drawn from the extensive Trends database. The
website for this report has been expanded with an emphasis on allowing users to access
and evaluate more of the data behind this report. EPA plans to continue to add content
and tools on the web to allow transparent access to public data. All public data available on
the web can be accessed at the following links:
• Explore summary data with interactive figures here:
https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends/explore-automotive-trends-data.
• Download report tables and supplemental data tables (previously called
Appendices) here: https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends/download-data-
automotive-trends.
The full Trends database is not publicly available. The detailed production data necessary
for demonstrating compliance is considered confidential business information (CBI) by the
manufacturers and cannot be shared by EPA. However, EPA will continue to provide as
much information as possible to the public.
Preliminary vs Final Data
For each model year, automakers submit two phases of data: preliminary data provided
to EPA for vehicle certification and labeling prior to the model year sales, and final data
submitted after the completion of the model year for compliance with EPA's light-duty GHG
regulations and NHTSA's CAFE program.
Preliminary data are collected prior to the beginning of each model year and are not used
for manufacturer GHG compliance. Automakers submit "General Label" information
required to support the generation of the joint EPA/NHTSA Fuel Economy and Environment
Labels that appear on all new personal vehicles. As part of these submissions, automakers
report pre-model year vehicle production projections for individual models and
configurations to EPA.
Final data are submitted a few months after the end of each model year and include
detailed final production volumes. EPA and NHTSA use this final data to determine
compliance with GHG emissions and CAFE standards. These end-of-the-year submissions
include detailed final production volumes. All data in this report for model years 1975
ft1! A-2
-------
through 2017 are considered final. However, manufacturers can submit requests for
compliance credits for previous model years, so it is possible that additional credits under
the GHG program could be awarded to manufacturers.
Since the preliminary fuel economy values provided by automakers are based on projected
vehicle production volumes, they usually vary slightly from the final fuel economy values
that reflect the actual sales at the end of the model year. With each publication of this
report, the preliminary values from the previous year are updated to reflect the final
values. This allows a comparison to gauge the accuracy of preliminary projections.
Table A.1 compares the preliminary and final fleetwide real-world fuel economy values for
recent years (note that the differences for CO2 emissions data would be similar, on a
percentage basis). Since model year 2011, the final real-world fuel economy values have
generally been close to the preliminary fuel economy values. In six out of the last seven
years, manufacturer projections have led to preliminary estimates that were higher than
final data. This could be due to many reasons, but lower than expected gasoline costs and
the increasing percentage of SUVs purchased by consumers likely contributed to this
overestimation.
It is important to note that there is no perfect apples-to-apples comparison for model years
2011 -2014 due to several small data issues, such as alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) data. The
preliminary values in Table A.1 through model year 2014 did not integrate AFV data, while
the final values in Table A.1 are the values reported elsewhere in this report and do include
AFV data. The differences due to this would be small, on the order of 0.1 mpg or less.
Table A„ i. Comparison of Preliminary and Final Real-World Fuel Economy
Values (mpg)
Model Year
Preliminary
Final Minus
Value
Final Value
Preliminary
2011
22.8
22.3
-0.5
2012
23.8
23.6
-0.2
2013
24.0
24.2
+0.2
2014
24.2
24.1
-0.1
2015
24.7
24.6
-0.2
2016
25.6
24.7
-0.9
2017
25.2
24.9
-0.3
2018 (prelim)
25.4
-
-
A3
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B. Harmonic Averaging of Fuel Economy Values
Averaging multiple fuel economy values must be done harmonically in order to obtain a
correct mathematical result. Since fuel economy is expressed in miles per gallon (mpg), one
critical assumption with any harmonic averaging of multiple fuel economy values is
whether the distance term (miles, in the numerator of mpg) is fixed or variable. This report
makes the assumption that the distance term in all mpg values is fixed, i.e., that for
purposes of calculating a harmonically averaged fuel economy value, it is assumed that the
distance term (representing miles travelled) is equivalent across various vehicle fuel
economies. This assumption is the standard practice with harmonic averaging of multiple
fuel economy values (including, for example, in calculations for CAFE standards
compliance), and simplifies the calculations involved.
Mathematically, when assuming a fixed distance term as discussed above, harmonic
averaging of multiple fuel economy values can be defined as the inverse of the average of
the reciprocals of the individual fuel economy values. It is best illustrated by a simple
example.
Consider a round trip of 600 miles. For the first 300-mile leg, the driver is alone with no
other passengers or cargo, and, aided by a tailwind, uses 10 gallons of gasoline, for a fuel
economy of 30 mpg. On the return 300-mile trip, with several passengers, some luggage,
and a headwind, the driver uses 15 gallons of gasoline, for a fuel economy of 20 mpg. Many
people will assume that the average fuel economy for the entire 600-mile trip is 25 mpg,
the arithmetic (or simple) average of 30 mpg and 20 mpg. But, since the driver consumed
10 + 15 = 25 gallons of fuel during the trip, the actual fuel economy is 600 miles divided by
25 gallons, or 24 mpg.
Why is the actual 24 mpg less than the simple average of 25 mpg? Because the driver used
more gallons while (s)he was getting 20 mpg than when (s)he was getting 30 mpg.
This same principle is often demonstrated in elementary school mathematics when an
airplane makes a round trip, with a speed of 400 mph one way and 500 mph the other way.
The average speed of 444 mph is less than 450 mph because the airplane spent more time
going 400 mph than it did going 500 mph.
As in both of the examples above, a harmonic average will typically yield a result that is
slightly lower than the arithmetic average.
The following equation illustrates the use of harmonic averaging to obtain the correct
mathematical result for the fuel economy example above:
ft1! B-1
-------
2
Average mpg =
The above example was for a single vehicle with two different fuel economies over two legs
of a single round trip. But, the same mathematical principle holds for averaging the fuel
economies of any number of vehicles. For example, the average fuel economy for a set of 10
vehicles, with three 30 mpg vehicles, four 25 mpg vehicles, and three 20 mpg vehicles would
be (note that, in order to maintain the concept of averaging, the total number of vehicles in
the numerator of the equation must equal the sum of the individual numerators in the
denominator of the equation):
Note that arithmetic averaging, not harmonic averaging, provides the correct mathematical
result for averaging fuel consumption values (in gallons per mile, the inverse of fuel
economy) and CO2 emissions (in grams per mile). In the first, round trip, example above, the
first leg had a fuel consumption rate of 10 gallons over 300 miles, or 0.03333 gallons per
mile. The second leg had a fuel consumption of 15 gallons over 300 miles, or 0.05 gallons per
mile. Arithmetically averaging the two fuel consumption values, i.e., adding them up and
dividing by two, yields 0.04167 gallons per mile, and the inverse of this is the correct fuel
economy average of 24 mpg. Arithmetic averaging also works for CO2 emissions values, i.e.,
the average of 200 g/mi and 400 g/mi is 300 g/mi CO2 emissions.
In summary, fuel economy values must be harmonically averaged to maintain mathematical
integrity, while fuel consumption values (in gallons per mile) and CO2 emissions values (in
grams per mile) can be arithmetically averaged.
10
Average mpg = — j — = 24.4 mpg
30 + 25 + 20
-------
C. Fuel Economy and CO2 Metrics
The CO2 emissions and fuel economy data in this report fall into one of two categories:
compliance data and estimated real-world data. These categories are based on the
purpose of the data, and the subsequent required emissions test procedures. The
following sections discuss the differences between compliance and real-world data and
how they relate to raw vehicle emissions test results.
2-Cycle Test Data
In 1975 when the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulation was put into place,
EPA tested vehicles using two dynamometer-based test cycles, one based on city driving
and one based on highway driving. CAFE was—and continues to be—required by law to use
these "2-cycle tests". For consistency, EPA also adopted this approach for the GHG
regulations.
Originally, the fuel economy values generated from the "2-cycle" test procedure were used
both to determine compliance with CAFE requirements and to inform consumers of their
expected fuel economy via the fuel economy label. Today, the raw 2-cycle test data are
used primarily in a regulatory context as the basis for determining the final compliance
values for CAFE and GHG regulations.
The 2-cycle testing methodology has remained largely unchanged21 since the early 1970s.
Because of this, the 2-cycle fuel economy and CO2 values can serve as a useful comparison
of long-term trends. Previous versions of this report included 2-cycle fuel economy and CO2
data, referred to as "unadjusted" or "laboratory" values. These 2-cycle fuel economy values
are still included in the Supplemental Tables and Appendix D for reference. It is important
to note that these 2-cycle fuel economy values do not exactly correlate to the 2-cycle
tailpipe CO2 emissions values provided in Section 5 for the GHG regulations. There are
three methodological reasons for this:
21 There were some relatively minor test procedure changes made in the late 1970s that, in the aggregate,
made the city and highway tests slightly more demanding, i.e., the unadjusted fuel economy values for a given
car after these test procedure changes were made are slightly lower relative to prior to the changes. EPA has
long provided CAFE "test procedure adjustments" (TPAs) for passenger cars in recognition of the fact that the
original CAFE standards were based on the EPA test procedures in place in 1975 (there are no TPAs for light
trucks). The resulting impacts on the long-term unadjusted fuel economy trends are very small. The TPAs for
cars vary but are typically in the range of 0.2-0.5 mpg for cars, or 0.1 -0.3 mpg when the car TPAs are averaged
over the combined car/truck fleet.
-------
1. The GHG regulations require a car and truck weighting based on a slightly higher
lifetime vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for trucks. The 2-cycle fuel economy values do
not account for this difference.
2. The GHG regulations allow manufacturers to use an optional compliance approach
which adds nitrous oxide and methane emissions to their 2-cycle CO2 emissions.
3. The GHG regulations and CAFE regulations result in very slightly different annual
production values. Prior to model year 2017, the 2-cycle fuel economy values rely on
CAFE production values (see Appendix D).
ipliance Data
Compliance data in this report are used to determine how the manufacturers are
performing under EPA's GHG program. These data are reported in the Executive Summary
and Section 5. The 2-cycle CO2 test values form the basis for the compliance data, but there
are some important differences due to provisions in the standards. Manufacturers' model
year performance is calculated based on the measured 2-cycle CO2 tailpipe emissions and
flexibilities that manufacturers may qualify for and use.
Compliance data also includes the overall credit balances held by each manufacturer, and
may incorporate credit averaging, banking, and trading by manufacturers. The compliance
process is explained in detail in Section 5. Compliance CO2 data is not comparable to
estimated real world CO2 data, as described below.
Estimated ^ orlJ Pu*d Econoiux juui Data
Estimated real-world (previously called "adjusted") data is EPA's best estimate of real-world
fuel economy and CO2 emissions, as reported in Sections 1 -4 of this report. The real-world
values are the best data for researchers to evaluate new vehicle CO2 and fuel economy
performance. Unlike compliance data, the method for calculating real-world data have
evolved over time, along with technology and driving habits. These changes in
methodology are detailed in Appendix D.
Calculating estimated real-world fuel economy
Estimated real-world fuel economy data are currently measured based on the "5-cycle" test
procedure that utilizes high-speed, cold start, and air conditioning tests in addition to the 2-
cycle tests to provide data more representative of real-world driving. These additional
laboratory tests capture a wider range of operating conditions (including hot/cold weather
and higher acceleration) that an average driver will encounter. City and highway results are
weighted 43% / 57%, consistent with fleetwide driver activity data.
C-2
-------
Calculating estimated real-world CO2 emissions
The estimated real-world CO2 emissions shown in Sections 1-4 are not based directly on
the 2-cycle tested values, but rather they are based on calculated values that convert
estimated real-world fuel economy values to CO2 using emission factors. This approach is
taken because: 1) test data are not available for most historic years of data, and 2) some
manufacturers choose to use an optional compliance approach which adds nitrous oxide
(N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions to their CO2 emissions (also referred to as Carbon
Related Exhaust Emissions, or CREE), leading to slightly different test results.
The estimated real-world CO2 emissions from gasoline vehicles are calculated by dividing
8,887 g/gal by the fuel economy of the vehicle. The 8,887 g/gal emission factor is a typical
value for the grams of CO2 per gallon of gasoline test fuel, and assumes all the carbon is
converted to CO2. For example, 8887 g/gal divided by a gasoline vehicle fuel economy of 30
mpg would yield an equivalent CO2 emissions value of 296 grams per mile.
The estimated real-world CO2 emissions for diesel vehicles are calculated by dividing
10,180 g/gal by the diesel vehicle fuel economy value. The 10,180 g/gal diesel emission
factor is higher than for a gasoline vehicle because diesel fuel has 14.5% higher carbon
content per gallon than gasoline. Accordingly, a 30 mpg diesel vehicle would have a CO2
equivalent value of 339 grams per mile. Emissions for vehicles other than gasoline and
diesel are also calculated using appropriate emissions factors.
Example Comparison of Fuel Economy Metrics
The multiple ways of measuring fuel economy and GHG emissions can understandably
lead to confusion. As an illustration to help the reader understand the various fuel
economy values that can be associated with an individual vehicle, Table 1.2 shows three
different fuel economy metrics for the model year 2017 Toyota Prius Eco. The 2-cycle city
and highway fuel economy values are direct fuel economy measurements from the 2-cycle
tests and are harmonically averaged with a 55% city / 45% highway weighting to generate a
combined value. The 2-cycle laboratory tested city fuel economy of the Prius Eco is 84 mpg,
the highway fuel economy is 78 mpg, and the combined 2-cycle value is 81 mpg.
Using the 5-cycle methodology, the Toyota Prius Eco has a vehicle fuel economy label value
of 56 mpg city and 58 mpg highway. On the vehicle label, these values are harmonically
averaged using a 55% city / 45% highway weighting to determine a combined value of 53
mpg. The estimated real-world fuel economy for the Prius Eco, which is the set of values
used in calculations for this report, has the same city and highway fuel economy as the
C-3
-------
label, but the 43% city and 57% highway weighting leads to a combined value of 55 mpg,
which is one mpg less than the values found on the label.
Tabl : C L Economy Metrics for the Model Year 201? Toyota Prius Eco
Fuel Economy Value
Fuel (MPG)
Economy City/Highway Test Combined
Metric Purpose Weighting Basis City/Hwy City Hwy
Basis for manufacturer
2-cycleTest compliance with
(unadjusted) standards 55%/45% 2-cycle 81 84 78
Consumer information
to compare individual
Label vehicles 55%/45% 5-cycle 56 58 53
Estimated Best estimate of real-
Real-World world performance 43%/57% 5-cycle 55 58 53
enhouse Gases other th.\o f\\
In addition to tailpipe CO2 emissions, vehicles may create greenhouse gas emissions in
several other ways. The combustion process can result in emissions of N2O, and CH4, and
leaks in vehicle air conditioning systems can release refrigerants, which are also
greenhouse gasses, into the environment. N2O, CH4, and air conditioning greenhouse gases
are discussed as part of the GHG regulatory program in Section 5. Estimated real-world CO2
emissions in Sections 1 -4 only account for tailpipe CO2 emissions.
The life cycle of the vehicle (including manufacturing and vehicle disposal) and the life cycle
of the fuels (including production and distribution) can also create significant greenhouse
gases. Life cycle implications of vehicles and fuels can vary widely based on the vehicle
technology and fuel and are outside the scope of this report. However, there is academic
research, both published and ongoing, in this area for interested readers.
C-4
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D. Historical Changes in the Database and
Methodology
Over the course of this report's publication, there have been some instances where
relevant methodologies and definitions have been updated. Since the goal of this report is
to provide the most accurate data and science available, updates are generally propagated
back to through the historical database. The current version of this report supersedes all
previous reports.
Changes in Estimated Real-world Fuel Economy and CO2
The estimated real-world fuel economy values in this report are closely related to the label
fuel economy values. Over the course of this report, there have been three updates to the
fuel economy label methodology (for model years 1985, 2008 and 2017) and these updates
were propagated through the Trends database. However, there are some important
differences in how the label methodology updates have been applied in this report. This
section discusses how these methodologies have been applied, partially or in full, to the
appropriate model years based on the authors' technical judgement. The changes are
intended to provide accurate real-world values for vehicles at the time they were produced
to better reflect available technologies, changes in driving patterns, and composition of the
fleet. These changes are also applicable to real-world CO2 values, which are converted from
fuel economy values using emissions factors.
Model yeai 385; Universal Multipliers
The first change to the label methodology occurred when EPA recognized that changing
technology and driving habits led to real-world fuel economy results that over time were
diverging from the fuel economy values measured using the 2-cycle tests. To address this
issue, EPA introduced an alternative calculation methodology in 1985 that applied a
multiplication factor to the 2-cycle test data of 0.9 for city and 0.78 for highway. The
estimated real-world fuel economy values from model year 1975-1985 in this report were
calculated using the same multiplication factors that were required for the model year
1985 label update. The authors believe that these correction factors were appropriate for
new vehicles from model year 1975 through 1985. The combined fuel economy and CO2
values are based on a 55% city/45% highway weighting factor, consistent with the CAFE and
label fuel economy calculations.
1
-------
Model year 1986-2010; The 2006 5-cycle methodology and 43% City/57% Highway
Weighting
In 2006, EPA established a major change to the fuel economy label calculations by
introducing the 5-cycle methodology.22 In addition to the city and highway tests required
for 2-cycle fuel economy the 5-cycle methodology introduces tests for high speeds (US06),
air-conditioning (SC03), and a cold temperature test. It also indirectly accounts for a
number of other factors that are not reflected in EPA laboratory test data (e.g. changing
fuel composition, wind, road conditions) through the use of a 9.5% universal downward
adjustment factor. The change from the universal adjustment factors to the 2006 5-cycle
method lowered estimated real-world fuel economy values, particularly for high fuel
economy vehicles. In the 2006 rulemaking, EPA projected an overall average fleetwide
adjustment of 11 % lower for city fuel economy and 8% lower for highway fuel economy.
For model year 1986-2004, the authors implemented the 2006 5-cycle methodology by
assuming the changes in technology and driver behavior that led to lower real-world fuel
economy occurred in a gradual, linear manner over 20 years. We did not attempt to
perform a year-by-year analysis to determine the extent to which the many relevant factors
(including higher highway speed limits, more aggressive driving, increasing vehicle
horsepower-to-weight ratios, suburbanization, congestion, greater use of air conditioning,
gasoline composition, etc.) that have affected real-world fuel economy since 1985 have
changed over time.
Under the 5-cycle methodology, manufacturers could either: 1) perform all 5 tests on each
vehicle (the "full 5-cycle" method), 2) use an alternative analytical "derived 5-cycle" method
based on 2-cycle testing if certain conditions were met, or 3) voluntarily use lower fuel
economy label estimates than those resulting from the full 5-cycle or derived 5-cycle. If
manufacturers are required to perform all five tests, the results are weighted according to
composite 5-cycle equations.23 To use the derived 5-cycle method, manufacturers are
required to evaluate whether fuel economy estimates using the full 5-cycle tests are
comparable to results using the derived 5-cycle method. In recent years, the derived 5-cycle
approach has been used to generate approximately 85% of all vehicle label fuel economy
values.
For vehicles that were eligible to use the 2006 derived 5-cycle methodology, the following
equations were used to convert 2-cycle city and highway fuel economy values to label
22 See 71 Federal Register 77872, December 27, 2006.
23 See 71 Federal Register 77883-77886, December 27, 2006.
D-2
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economy values. These equations were based on the relationship between 2-cycle and 5-
cycle fuel economy data for the industry as a whole.
1
Label CITY =
(°-
003259 +
1.1805 >
2CYCLE CITYJ
1
Label HWY =
(0.001376 +
1.3466
2 CYCLE HWY;
Over the same timeframe, EPA phased in a change in the city and highway weightings used
to determine a single combined fuel economy or CO2 value. EPA's analysis of real-world
driving activity underlying the 5-cycle fuel economy methodology assumed a "speed
cutpoint" of 45 miles per hour to differentiate between (and "bin" the amount of) city and
highway driving.24 Based on this speed cutpoint, the correct weighting for correlating the
new city and highway fuel economy values with real-world driving activity data from on-
road vehicle studies, on a miles driven basis, is 43% city and 57% highway; this updated
weighting is necessary to maintain the integrity of fleetwide fuel economy performance
based on Trends data. The 55% city/45% highway weighting is still used for both Fuel
Economy and Environment Labels and the CAFE and GHG emissions compliance programs.
The authors used the same gradual, linear approach to phase in the change in city and
highway weightings along with the phase-in of the 2006 5-cycle methodology.
From model year 2005 to model year 2010, the 2006 5-cycle methodology and the 43%
city/57% highway weightings were used to determine the real-world fuel economy values
for this report. This required using the derived 5-cycle equations and the 43% city/57%
highway weightings to recalculate real-world fuel economy values for model year 2005 to
2007, prior to 2008 when the 2006 5-cycle methodology was first required. Model year
2008 to model year 2010 real-world fuel economy values were the same as the label fuel
economy values, except for the city and highway weightings.
Model year 2011-2017; Implementing the model year 2017 derived 5-cycle updates
In 2015, EPA released a minor update to the derived 5-cycle equations that modified the
coefficients used to calculate derived 5-cycle fuel economy from 2-cycle test data.25 This
24 See 71 Federal Register 77904, December 27, 2006.
25 See https://www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/basic-information-fuel-economy-labeling and
http://iaspub.epa.gov/otaqpub/display file.jsp?docid=35113&flag=1
D-3
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update was required under existing regulations and applies to fuel economy label
calculations for all model year 2017 and later vehicles. The following equations are used to
convert 2-cycle test data values for city and highway to label fuel economy values:
1
Label CITY =
(o.004091 +
Label HWY =
1.1601
2CYCLE CITY;
1
/ 1 2945
(0.003191 +¦
2 CYCLE HWYV
The updated 5-cycle calculations introduced for model year 2017 labels were based on test
data from model year 2011 to model year 2016 vehicles. Therefore, the authors chose to
apply the updated 5-cycle methodology to all model years from 2011 to 2017. This required
recalculating the real-world fuel economy of vehicles from model year 2011 to 2016 using
the new derived 5-cycle equations. Vehicles that conducted full 5-cycle testing or voluntarily
lowered fuel economy values were unchanged. The 43% city/ 57% highway weightings were
maintained for all vehicles in model years 2011 to 2017. The changes due to the 5-cycle
update were relatively small (0.1 to 0.2 mpg overall) and did not noticeably alter the
general data trends, therefore the authors determined that a phase-in period was not
required for this update.
Figure D.1 below summarizes the impact of the changes in real-world data methodology
relative to the 2-cycle test data, which has had a consistent methodology since 1975 (See
Appendix C for more information). Over time, the estimated real-world fuel economy of
new vehicles has continued to slowly diverge from 2-cycle test data, due largely to changing
technology, driving patterns, and vehicle design.
D-4
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Figure D.1. Estimated Real-World versus 2-Cycle Fuel Economy since Model
Year 1975
Phase I
1975-198$
Universal
adjustment factors
55%/45% weighting
Ratio of N
Estimated
Real-World
to 2-cycle:
85.2%
Phase ii
1986-2004
Phase III Phase IV
2005-2010 2011-2017
2006 5-cycle is phased-in
43%/57% weighting is phased in
2006 5-cycle 2017 5-cycle
43%/57%
weighting
43%/57%
weighting
Ratio of \
Estimated
Real-World
to 2-cycle:
76.6% J
\ 1 ' '
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Model Year
2005 2010 2015
2-Cycle
method unchanged
since 1975
Estimated
Real-World
phases I - IV
Other Database Changes
Addition of Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles
Beginning in 2011 medium-duty passenger vehicles (MDPVs), those SUVs and passenger
vans (but not pickup trucks) with gross vehicle weight ratings between 8,500 and 10,000
pounds, are included in the light-duty truck category. This coincided with new regulations
by NHTSA to treat these vehicles as light-duty, rather than heavy-duty, vehicles beginning in
model year 2011. This represents a minor change to the database, since the number of
MDPVs is much smaller than it once was (e.g., only 6,500 MDPVs were sold in model year
2012). It should be noted that this is one change to the database that has not been
propagated back through the historic database, as we do not have MDPV data prior to
model year 2011. Accordingly, this represents a small inflection point for the database for
the overall car and truck fleet in model year 2011; the inclusion of MDPVs decreased
average real-world fuel economy by 0.01 mpg and increased average real-world CO2
D-5
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emissions by 0.3 g/mi, compared to the fleet without MDPVs. The impacts on the truck fleet
only were about twice as high, but still very small in absolute terms. Pickup trucks above
8,500 pounds are not included in this report.
Addition of Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Data from alternative fuel vehicles are integrated into the overall database, beginning with
MY 2011 data. These vehicles include electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, fuel cell
vehicles, and compressed natural gas vehicles. CO2 emissions from alternative fuel vehicles
represent tailpipe emissions, and fuel economy for these vehicles is reported as mpge
(miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent), or the miles an alternative fuel vehicle can travel
on an amount of energy equivalent to that in a gallon of gasoline. Sales data prior to MY
2011 are included in some cases based on available industry reports (e.g., Ward's
Automotive data).
Changes in Vehicle Classification Definitions
The car-truck classifications in this report follow the current regulatory definitions used by
EPA and NHTSA for compliance with GHG emissions and CAFE standards (see definitions
for passenger automobiles (cars) and non-passenger automobiles (trucks) in 49 CFR 523).
These current definitions differ from those used in the 2010 and older versions of the Light-
Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends report, and
reflect a decision by NHTSA to reclassify many small, 2-wheel drive sport utility vehicles
(SUVs) from the truck category to the car category, beginning with model year 2011. When
this re-classification was initiated in the 2011 report, the absolute truck share decreased by
approximately 10%.
The current car-truck definitions have been propagated back throughout the entire
historical Trends database to maintain the integrity of long-term trends of car and truck
production share. Since the authors did not have all of the requisite technical information
on which to make retroactive car-truck classifications, we used engineering judgment to
classify past models.
This report previously presented data on more vehicle types, but recent vehicle design has
led to far less distinction between vehicle types and reporting on more disaggregated
vehicle types was no longer useful.
D-6
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Manufacturer Definitions
When a manufacturer grouping changes under the GHG and CAFE programs, the current
manufacturer definitions are generally applied to all prior model years. This maintains
consistent manufacturer and make definitions over time, which enables better
identification of long-term trends. However, some of the compliance data maintain the
previous manufacturer definitions where necessary to preserve the integrity of compliance
data as they were accrued.
Differences ie Production Data Between CAFE and GHG Regulations
The data used to discuss real-world trends in Sections 1 through 4 of this report are based
on production volumes reported under CAFE prior to model year 2017, not the GHG
standards. The production volume levels automakers provide in their final CAFE reports
may differ slightly from their final GHG reports (typically less than 0.1 %) because of
different reporting requirements. The EPA regulations require emission compliance in the
50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa,
and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, whereas the CAFE program
requires data from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico only. All
compliance data detailed in Section 5, for all years, are based on production volumes
reported under the GHG standards. Starting with model year 2017 and forward, the real-
world data are also based on production volumes reported under EPA's GHG standards. As
described above, the difference in production volumes is very small and does not impact
the long-term trends or analysis.
Impact of Federal Investigations
The Department of Justice and EPA have reached settlements with Volkswagen and Fiat
Chrysler Automobiles based on the sale of certain diesel vehicles equipped with devices to
defeat the vehicles' emission control systems. This report includes the original fuel
economy and GHG certification values of these vehicles, as EPA believes this is a
reasonable representation of how these vehicles were expected to perform. The affected
vehicles are certain model year 2009 to 2016 diesel vehicles from Volkswagen and 2014 to
2016 diesel vehicles from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and account for less than 1 % of
production in all affected years. For more information about these investigations, please
see https://www.epa.gov/vw or https://www.epa.gov/fca.
D-7
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E. Electric Vehicle and Plug-In Hybrid Metrics
Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs) have continued to gain market
share. While overall market penetration of these vehicles is still low, their production share
is projected to reach more than 2.5% in model year 2018. This section addresses some of
the technical metrics used both to quantify EV and PHEV operation and to integrate data
from these vehicles with gasoline and diesel vehicle data.
EVs operate using only energy stored in a battery from external charging. PHEVs blend EV
technology with more familiar powertrain technology from petroleum-fueled vehicles.
Current PHEVs feature both an electric drive system designed to be charged from an
electricity source external to the vehicle (like an EV) and a gasoline internal combustion
engine. There are generally three ways that a PHEV can operate:
• Charge-depleting electric-only mode - In electric-only mode the vehicle operates
like an EV, using only energy stored in the battery to propel the vehicle.
• Charge-depleting blended mode - In blended mode the vehicle uses both energy
stored in the battery and energy from the gasoline tank to propel the vehicle.
Depending on the vehicle design and driving conditions, blended operation can
include substantial all-electric driving.
• Charge-sustaining mode - In charge-sustaining mode, the PHEV has exhausted the
external energy from the electric grid that is stored in the battery and relies on the
gasoline internal combustion engine. In charge-sustaining mode, the vehicle will
operate much like a traditional hybrid.
The presence of both electric drive and an internal combustion engine results in a complex
system that can be used in many different combinations, and manufacturers are choosing
to operate PHEV systems in different ways. This complicates direct comparisons among
PHEV models.
This section discusses EV and PHEV metrics for several example model year 2018 vehicles.
For consistency and clarity for the reader, the data for specific vehicles discussed in this
section reflect values from the EPA/DOT Fuel Economy and Environment Labels, which use
a 55% city/45% highway weighting for combined fuel economy and CO2 values. When data
for these vehicles are integrated into the data for the rest of the report, the real-world
highway and city values are combined using a 43% city/ 57% highway weighting.
Additionally, some PHEV calculations are also adjusted, as explained at the end of this
section.
-------
Table E.1 shows the label driving range for several EVs and PHEVs when operating only on
electricity, as well as the total electricity plus gasoline range for PHEVs. The average range
of new EVs is increasing, as shown in Section 4, and many EVs are approaching the range of
an average gasoline vehicle.26 PHEVs generally have a much smaller all electric range,
however the combined electric and gasoline range for PHEVs often exceeds gasoline-only
vehicles. Several PHEVs now exceed 500 miles of total range.
Table E.1. Model Year 2018 Example EV and PHEV Powertrain and Range
Electric
Total
Manufacturer
Model
Fuel or
Powertrain
Range
(miles)
Range
(miles)
Utility
Factor
GM
Bolt
EV
238
238
-
Nissan
Leaf
EV
151
151
-
Tesla
Model 3 LR
EV
310
310
-
FCA
Pacifica
PHEV
33
570
0.62
GM
Volt
PHEV
53
420
0.76
Honda
Clarity
PHEV
48
340
0.73
Toyota
Prius Prime
PHEV
25
640
0.53
VW
Panamera 4
PHEV
16
480
0.38
Determining the electric range of PHEVs is complicated if the vehicle can operate in
blended modes. For PHEVs like the Chevrolet Volt, which cannot operate in blended mode,
the electric range represents the estimated range operating in electric only mode.
However, for PHEVs that operate in a blended mode, the electric range represents the
estimated range of the vehicle operating in either electric only or blended mode, due to the
design of the vehicle. For example, the VW (Porsche) Panamera uses electricity stored in its
battery and a small amount of gasoline to achieve an alternative fuel range of 16 miles.
Some PHEVs did not use any gasoline to achieve their electric range value on EPA test
cycles; however, certain driving conditions (e.g., more aggressive accelerations, higher
speeds, and air conditioning or heater operation) would likely cause these vehicles to
operate in a blended mode instead of an all-electric mode.
26 In addition to growing EV range, the number of public electric vehicle charging stations is growing rapidly. For
more information, see the U.S. Department of Energy's Alternative Fuels Data Center at
https://www.afdc.energv.gov/.
E2
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Table E.1 also introduces the concept of a utility factor. The utility factor is directly related
to the electric range for PHEVs, and is a projection, on average, of the percentage of miles
that will be driven using electricity (in electric-only and blended modes) by an average
driver. The model year 2018 Volt, for example, has a utility factor of 0.76, i.e., it is expected
that, on average, the Volt will operate 76% of the time on electricity and 24% of the time on
gasoline. Utility factor calculations are based on an SAE methodology that EPA has adopted
for regulatory compliance (SAE 2010).
Table E.2 shows five energy-related metrics for model year 2018 example EVs and PHEVs
that are included on the EPA/NHTSA Fuel Economy and Environment labels. Comparing the
energy or fuel efficiency performance from alternative fuel vehicles raises complex issues
of how to compare different fuels. Consumers and OEMs are familiar and comfortable with
evaluating gasoline and diesel vehicle fuel economy in terms of miles per gallon, and it is
the primary efficiency metric in this report. To enable this comparison for alternative fuel
vehicles, the overall energy efficiency of vehicles operating on electricity, hydrogen, and
CNG are evaluated in terms of miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent (an energy metric
described in more detail below).
Table E.2. Model Year 2018 Example EV and PHEV Fuel Economy Label Metrics
Charge
Fuel
Charge Depleting
Sustaining
Overall
Manufacturer
Model
or
Power
-train
Electricity
(kW-hrs/
100 miles)
Gasoline Fuel
(gallons/ Economy
100 miles) (mpge)
Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
Fuel
Economy
(mpge)
GM
Bolt
EV
28
-
119
N/A
119
Nissan
Leaf
EV
30
-
112
N/A
112
Tesla
Model 3 LR
EV
26
-
130
N/A
130
FCA
Pacifica
PHEV
40
0.0
84
32
52
GM
Volt
PHEV
31
0.0
106
42
77
Honda
Clarity
PHEV
31
0.0
110
42
76
Toyota
Prius Prime
PHEV
25
0.0
133
54
78
VW
Panamera 4
PHEV
59
0.4
46
22
27
The fourth column in Table E.2 gives electricity consumption rates for EVs and PHEVs
during charge depleting operation in units of kilowatt-hours per 100 miles (kW-hrs/100
miles). As shown on the vehicle label, the electricity consumption rate is based on the
amount of electricity required from an electric outlet to charge the vehicle and includes
-------
wall-to-vehicle charging losses. The values for all of the EVs and PHEVs reflect the electricity
consumption rate required to operate the vehicle in either electric-only or blended mode
operation. PHEVs that are capable of operating in a blended mode may also consume
some gasoline in addition to electricity. Any additional gasoline used is shown in the fifth
column. For example, the VW (Porsche) Panamera PHEV consumes 59 kW-hrs and 0.4
gallons of gasoline per 100 miles during this combination of electric-only and blended
modes.
The sixth column converts the electricity consumption data in the fourth column and the
gasoline consumption data in the fifth column into a combined miles per gallon of
gasoline-equivalent (mpge) metric. The mpge metric is a measure of the miles the vehicle
can travel on an amount of energy that is equal to the amount of energy stored in a gallon
of gasoline. For a vehicle operating on electricity, mpge is calculated as 33.705 kW-
hrs/gallon divided by the vehicle electricity consumption in kW-hrs/mile. For example, for
the Leaf, 33.705 kW-hrs/gallon divided by 0.30 kW-hrs/mile (equivalent to 30 kW-hrs/100
miles) is 112 mpge.27 Because the VW (Porsche) Panamera 4 consumes both electricity and
gasoline over the alternative fuel range of 16 miles, the charge depleting fuel economy of
46 mpge includes both the electricity and gasoline consumption, at a rate of 59 kW-hrs/100
miles of electricity and 0.4 gal/100 miles of gasoline.
The seventh column gives label fuel economy values for vehicles operating on gasoline
only, which is relevant here only for the PHEVs operating in charge sustaining mode. For
PHEVs, the EPA/NHTSA label shows both electricity consumption in kW-hrs/100 miles and
mpge, when the vehicle operates exclusively on electricity or in a blended mode, and
gasoline fuel economy in mpg, when the vehicle operates exclusively on gasoline.
The final column gives the overall mpge values reflecting the overall energy efficiency of
the vehicle for all of the fuels on which the vehicle can operate, and provide a common
metric to compare vehicles that operate on different fuels. In addition to the energy
metrics in the previous columns, the one key additional parameter necessary to calculate a
combined electricity/gasoline mpge value for a PHEV is the utility factor that was
introduced in Table E.1. For EVs the overall fuel economy in the last column is equal to the
charge depleting fuel economy, as EVs can only operate in a charge depleting mode.
Table E.3 gives vehicle tailpipe CO2 emissions values that are included on the EPA/DOT Fuel
Economy and Environment labels (and reflected in the label's Greenhouse Gas Rating).
These label values reflect EPA's best estimate of the CO2 tailpipe emissions that these
27 The actual calculations were done with unrounded numbers. Using the rounded numbers provided here may
result in a slightly different number due to rounding error.
¦ IT" A
|S ' -~-£L
-------
vehicles will produce, on average, in real-world city and highway operation. EVs, of course,
have no tailpipe emissions. For the PHEVs, the label CO2 emissions values utilize the same
utility factors discussed above to weight the CO2 emissions on electric and gasoline
operation.
Table E.3 Model Year 2018 Example EV PHEV Label Tailpipe CO2 Emissions
Metrics
Fuel or
Tailpipe C02
Manufacturer
Model
Powertrain
(g/mile)
GM
Bolt
EV
0
Nissan
Leaf
EV
0
Tesla
Model 3 LR
EV
0
FCA
Pacifica
PHEV
106
GM
Volt
PHEV
51
Honda
Clarity
PHEV
57
Toyota
Prius Prime
PHEV
78
VW
Panamera 4
PHEV
260
Table E.4 accounts for the "upstream" CO2 emissions associated with the production and
distribution of electricity used in EVs and PHEVs. Gasoline and diesel fuels also have CO2
emissions associated with their production and distribution, but these upstream emissions
are not reflected in the tailpipe CO2 emissions values discussed elsewhere in this report.
Combining vehicle tailpipe and fuel production/distribution sources, gasoline vehicles emit
about 80 percent of total CO2 emissions at the vehicle tailpipe with the remaining 20
percent of total CO2 emissions associated with upstream fuel production and distribution.
Diesel fuel has a similar approximate relationship between tailpipe and upstream CO2
emissions. On the other hand, vehicles powered by grid electricity emit no CO2 (or other
emissions) at the vehicle tailpipe; therefore, all CO2 emissions associated with an EV are
due to fuel production and distribution. Depending on how the electricity is produced,
these fuels can have very high fuel production/distribution CO2 emissions (for example, if
coal is used with no CO2 emissions control) or very low CO2 emissions (for example, if
renewable processes with minimal fossil energy inputs are used).
An additional complicating factor in Table E.4 is that electricity production in the United
States varies significantly from region to region and has been changing over time.
Hydroelectric plants provide a large percentage of electricity in the Northwest, while coal-
fired power plants produce the majority of electricity in the Midwest. Natural gas, wind, and
solar have increased their electricity market share in many regions of the country. Nuclear
E-5
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power plants make up most of the balance of U.S. electricity production. In order to bracket
the possible GHG emissions impact, Table E.4 provides ranges with the low end of the
range corresponding to the California power plant GHG emissions factor, the middle of the
range represented by the national average power plant GHG emissions factor, and the
upper end of the range corresponding to the power plant GHG emissions factor for part of
the Midwest (Illinois and Missouri).
Table E.4 Model Year 2018 Example EV PHEV Upstream CO2 Emission
Metrics (g/mi)
Tailpipe + Total Tailpipe + Net
Fuel or
Upstream C02
Upstream C02
Manufacturer
Model
Powertrain
Low
Avg
High
Low
Avg
High
GM
Bolt
EV
76
139
219
17
80
160
Nissan
Leaf
EV
82
149
235
19
87
172
Tesla
Model 3 LR
EV
71
129
204
2
61
135
FCA
Pacifica
PHEV
200
255
326
114
170
240
GM
Volt
PHEV
128
181
248
67
120
188
Honda
Clarity
PHEV
133
184
249
71
122
186
Toyota
Prius Prime
PHEV
134
163
201
81
111
148
VW
Panamera 4
PHEV
387
438
502
294
345
409
Average Car
366
366
366
293
293
293
Based on data from EPA's eGRID power plant database,28, and accounting for additional
greenhouse gas emissions impacts for feedstock processing upstream of the power
plant,29 EPA estimates that the electricity CO2 emission factors for various regions of the
country vary from 273 g C02/kW-hr in California to 783 g C02/kW-hr in the Midwest, with a
national average of 498 g C02/kW-hr. Emission rates for small regions in upstate New York
and Alaska have lower electricity upstream CO2 emission rates than California. However,
California is a good surrogate for the "low" end of the range because California is a leading
market for current EVs and PHEVs. Initial sales of electric vehicles have been largely, though
not exclusively, focused in regions of the country with power plant CO2 emissions factors
lower than the national average, such as California, New York, and other coastal areas.
Accordingly, in terms of CO2 emissions, EPA believes that the current "sales-weighted
28 Abt Associates 2018. The emissions & generation resource integrated database technical support document
for eGRID 2016, prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, February 2017.
29 Argonne National Laboratory 2018. GREET1_2017 Model, greet.es.anl.gov.
E-6
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average" vehicle operating on electricity in the near term will likely fall somewhere between
the low end of this range and the national average.30
The fourth through sixth columns in Table E.4 provide the range of tailpipe plus total
upstream CO2 emissions for EVs and PHEVs based on regional electricity emission rates.
For comparison, the average model year 2018 car is also included in the last row of Table
E.4. The methodology used to calculate the range of tailpipe plus total upstream CO2
emissions for EVs is shown in the following example for the model year 2018 Nissan Leaf:
• Start with the label (5-cycle values weighted 55% city/45% highway) vehicle
electricity consumption in kW-hr/mile, which for the Leaf is 30 kW-hr/100 miles, or
0.30 kW-hr/mile
• Determine the regional powerplant emission rate, regional losses during electricity
distribution, and the additional regional emissions due to fuel production upstream
of the powerplant (for California, these numbers are 239 g/kW-hr, 4.2%, and 9.3%,
respectively).
• Determine the regional upstream emission factor (for California 239 g/kW-hr / (1 -
0.042) * (1 +0.093) = 273 g C02/kW-hr)31
• Multiply by the range of Low (California = 273g C02/kW-hr), Average (National
Average = 498 g C02/kW-hr), and High (Midwest = 783 g C02/kW-hr) electricity
upstream CO2 emission rates, which yields a range for the Leaf of 82-235 grams
C02/mile.
The tailpipe plus total upstream CO2 emissions values for PHEVs include the upstream CO2
emissions due to electricity operation and both the tailpipe and upstream CO2 emissions
due to gasoline operation, using the utility factor discussed above to weight the values for
electricity and gasoline operation. The tailpipe plus total upstream CO2 emissions values
for the average car are the average real-world model year 2018 car tailpipe CO2 emissions
multiplied by 1.25 to account for upstream emissions due to gasoline production.
The values in columns four through six are tailpipe plus total upstream CO2 emissions. As
mentioned, all of the gasoline and diesel vehicle CO2 emissions data in the rest of this
report refer only to tailpipe emissions and do not reflect the upstream emissions
associated with gasoline or diesel production and distribution. Accordingly, in order to
30 To estimate the upstream greenhouse gas emissions associated with operating an EV or PHEV in a specific
geographical area, use the emissions calculator at www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=bt2.
31 The actual calculations were done with unrounded numbers. Using the rounded numbers provided here may
result in a slightly different number due to rounding error.
-------
equitably compare the overall relative impact of EVs and PHEVs with tailpipe emissions of
petroleum-fueled vehicles, EPA uses the metric "tailpipe plus net upstream emissions" for
EVs and PHEVs (note that this same approach has been adopted for EV and PHEV
regulatory compliance with the 2012-2025 light-duty vehicle GHG emissions standards for
sales of EVs and PHEVs in model year 2012-2016 and model year 2022-2025 that exceed
sales thresholds). The net upstream emissions for an EV is equal to the total upstream
emissions for the EV minus the upstream emissions that would be expected from a
comparably sized gasoline vehicle; size is a good first-order measure for utility, and
footprint is the size-based metric used for standards compliance. The net upstream
emissions for PHEVs are equal to the net upstream emissions of the PHEV due to electricity
consumption in electric or blended mode multiplied by the utility factor. The net upstream
emissions for a gasoline vehicle are zero.
For each EV or PHEV, the upstream emissions for a comparable gasoline vehicle are
determined by first using the footprint-based compliance curves to determine the CO2
compliance target for a vehicle with the same footprint. Since upstream emissions account
for approximately 20% of total CO2 emissions for gasoline vehicles, the upstream emissions
for the comparable gasoline vehicle are equal to one fourth of the tailpipe-only compliance
target.
The final three columns of Table E.4 give the tailpipe plus net upstream CO2 values for EVs
and PHEVs using the same Low, Average, and High electricity upstream CO2 emissions rates
discussed above. These values bracket the possible real-world net CO2 emissions that
would be associated with consumer use of these vehicles. For the Leaf, these values are
simply the values in columns four through six minus the upstream GHG emissions of a
comparably sized gasoline vehicle. Based on the model year 2018 CO2 footprint curve, the
5-cycle tailpipe GHG emissions for a Leaf-sized gasoline vehicle meeting its compliance
target would be close to 251 grams/mi, with upstream emissions of one-fourth of this
value, or 63 g/mi. The net upstream for the Leaf are determined by subtracting this value,
63 g/mi, from the total (tailpipe + total upstream) emissions for the Leaf. The result is a
range for the tailpipe plus net upstream value of 19-172 g/mile as shown in Table E.4, with
a more likely sales-weighted value in the 19-87 g/mi range.
For PHEVs, the tailpipe plus net upstream emissions values use the utility factor values
discussed above to weight the individual values for electric operation and gasoline
operation.
E-8
-------
Alternative Metric*
Determining metrics for EVs and PHEVs that are meaningful and accurate is challenging. In
particular, vehicles capable of using dual fuels, such as PHEVs, can have complicated
modes of operation that make it difficult to determine meaningful metrics. Here we've
discussed several metrics that are used on the EPA/DOT Fuel Economy and Environment
Labels and in a regulatory context, namely mpge, tailpipe CO2 emissions, and net upstream
GHG emissions. There are, however, other ways that alternative fuel vehicle operation can
be quantified.
Other energy metric options that could be considered include: (1) mpge plus net fuel life
cycle energy, which would also reflect differences in upstream energy consumption in
producing the alternative fuel relative to gasoline-from-oil; and (2) miles per gallon of
petroleum, which would only count petroleum use and not other forms of energy.
Compared to mpge, using the mpge plus net fuel life-cycle energy metric would generally
result in lower fuel economy values, and using the miles per gallon of petroleum metric
would yield higher fuel economy values.
al Note on PHEV Calculations
Calculating fuel economy and CO2 emission values for PHEVs is a complicated process, as
discussed in this section. The examples given for individual vehicles were based on
calculations behind the EPA/DOT Fuel Economy and Environment Labels. In addition to the
approach used for the labels, there are multiple methods for determining utility factors
depending on the intended use of the value. The standardized utility factor calculations are
defined in the Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) document SAEJ2841.
The utility factors that are used for fleetwide calculations are somewhat different than
those used to create label values. For label values, multi-day individual utility factors
(MDIUF) are used to incorporate "a driver's day to day variation into the utility calculation."
For fleetwide calculations, fleet utility factors (FUF) are applied to "calculate the expected
fuel and electric consumption of an entire fleet of vehicles." Since the Trends report is
generally a fleetwide analysis, the FUF utility factors were applied, instead of the MDIUF
utility factors, when the data were integrated with the rest of the fleet data. Additionally,
since Trends uses a 43% city/57% highway weighting for combining real-world fuel
economy and CO2 data, the FUF utility factors created for Trends were based on that
weighting, not on 55% city/45% highway weighting used on the fuel economy label.
i
-------
F. Authors and Acknowledgments
The authors of this year's Trends report are Aaron Hula, Robert French, Andrea Maguire,
Amy Bunker, and Tristan Rojeck, all of whom work for the EPA Office of Transportation and
Air Quality's (OTAQ) at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor,
Michigan. OTAQ colleagues including Sara Zaremski, Line Wehrly, Robert Peavyhouse, and
Karen Danzeisen provided critical access and expertise pertaining to the EV-CIS data that
comprise the Trends database. The authors also want to thank Gwen Dietrich and David
Levin of OTAQ for greatly improving the design and layout of the report. General Dynamics
Information Technology (GDIT) under contract to OTAQ (contract number EP-C-16-012),
provided key support for database maintenance, and table and figure generation.
DOT/NHTSA staff reviewed the report and provided helpful comments. Of course, the EPA
authors take full responsibility for the content and any errors.
The authors also want to acknowledge those OTAQ staff that played key roles in creating
and maintaining the Trends database and report since its inception in the early 1970s. Karl
Hellman, who conceived of and developed the initial Trends reports with Thomas Austin in
the early 1970s, was the guiding force behind the Trends report for over 30 years. The late
Dill Murrell made significant contributions from the late 1970s through the early 1990s,
and Robert Heavenrich was a lead author from the early 1980s through 2006. Jeff Alson
took the lead with the 2007 report, overseeing its continued transformation and
modernization until his retirement in 2018. Jeff also worked tirelessly to bring the historical
Trends report alongside the relatively newer Greenhouse Gas Performance Report such
that the relationship between the reports and their data could be presented coherently to
the public. Jeffs work set the stage for this first edition that integrates the content of these
two reports into a single volume.
1 1
-------
Report Tables
Section 2 Tables
• Table 2.1: Estimated Real-World CO2, Fuel Economy and Key Parameters
• Table 2.2: Manufacturer Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy (MPG) and CO2 Emissions
for Model Year 2016-2018
Section 3 Tables
• Table 3.1: Vehicle Attributes by Model Year
• Table 3.2: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and CO2 by Vehicle Type
• Table 3.3: Model Year 2017 Vehicle Attributes by Manufacturer
• Table 3.4: Model Year 2017 Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and CO2 by
Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
• Table 3.5: Footprint by Manufacturer for Model Year 2016-2018 (ft2)
Section 4 Tables
• Table 4.1: Production Share by Engine Technologies
• Table 4.2: Production Share by Transmission Technologies
• Table 4.3: Production Share by Drive Technology
Section 5 Figures
• Figure 5.3: Changes in "2-Cycle" Tailpipe CO2 Emissions, Model Year 2012 to 2017 (g/mi)
• Figure 5.4: Model Year 2017 Production of EVs, PHEVs, and FCVs
• Figure 5.5: Model Year 2017 Advanced Technology Credits by Manufacturer
• Figure 5.6: Production of FFVs, Model Year 2012-2017
• Figure 5.7: FFV Credits by Model Year (g/mi)
• Figure 5.8: HFO-1234yf Adoption by Manufacturer
• Figure 5.9: Fleetwide A/C Credits by Credit Type
• Figure 5.10: Total A/C Credits by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017
• Figure 5.11: Off-Cycle Menu Technology Adoption by Manufacturer
• Figure 5.12: Total Off-Cycle Credits by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017
• Figure 5.13: Early Credits Reported and Expired by Manufacturer
• Figure 5.14: Performance and Standards by Manufacturer, 2017 Model Year
• Figure 5.15: Total Credits Transactions Through Model Year 2017
• Figure 5.16: Manufacturer Credit Balance After Model Year 2017
• Figure 5.17: Industry Performance and Standards, Credit Generation and Use
-------
Report Tabl es, continued
Section 5 Tables
• Table 5.1: Manufacturer Footprint and Standards for Model Year 2017
• Table 5.2: Production Multipliers by Model Year
• Table 5.3: Model Year 2017 Off-Cycle Technology Credits from the Menu, by
Manufacturer and Technology (g/ml)
• Table 5.4: Model Year 2017 Off-Cycle Technology Credits from an Alternative
Methodology, by Manufacturer and Technology (g/ml)
• Table 5.5: Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, All (g/ml)
• Table 5.6: Industry Performance by Model Year 2017, All (g/ml)
• Table 5.7: Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, Car (g/ml)
• Table 5.8: Industry Performance by Model Year, Car (g/ml)
• Table 5.9: Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, Truck (g/ml)
• Table 5.10: Industry Performance by Model Year 2017, Truck (g/ml)
• Table 5.11: Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, All
• Table 5.12: Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, All
• Table 5.13: Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, Car
• Table 5.14: Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, Car
• Table 5.15: Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, Truck
• Table 5.16: Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, Truck
• Table 5.17: Final Credit Balance by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017 (Mg)
• Table 5.18: Distribution of Credits by Expiration Date (Mg)
Appendices
• Table A.1: Comparison of Preliminary and Final Real-World Fuel Economy Values (mpg)
• Table C.1: Fuel Economy Metrics for the Model Year 2017 Toyota Prius Eco
• Table E.1: Model Year 2018 Alternative Fuel Vehicle Powertrain and Range
• Table E.2: Model Year 2018 Alternative Fuel Vehicle Fuel Economy Label Metrics
• Table E.3: Model Year 2018 EV and PHEV Label Tailpipe CO2 Emissions Metrics
• Table E.4: Model Year 2018 EV and PHEV Upstream CO2 Emission Metrics (g/ml)
-------
^EPA
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 2 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 2.1
Estimated Real-World C02, Fuel Economy and Key Parameters
Overall Vehicle
Gasoline (Non-hybrid) Vehicle
with Highest Fuel Economy*
with Highest Fuel Economy
Mfr. with
Mfr. with
Production
Real-World
Real-World
Highest Fuel
Lowest Fuel
Real-World
Engine
Gasoline
Real-World
Model Year
(000)
C02 (g/mi)
FE (mpg)
Economy (mpg) Economy (mpg)
Vehicle
FE (mpg)
Type
Vehicle
FE (mpg)
1975
10,224
681
13.1
Honda
Ford
Honda Civic
28.3
Gas
Honda Civic
28.3
1976
12,334
625
14.2
Honda
Ford
Honda Civic
30.5
Gas
Honda Civic
30.5
1977
14,123
590
15.1
Honda
FCA
Honda Civic
37.6
Gas
Honda Civic
37.6
1978
14,448
562
15.8
Mazda
Ford
VW Rabbit
37.5
Diesel
Nissan-Mitsubishi
34.3
1979
13,882
560
15.9
Honda
Ford
VW Rabbit
39.1
Diesel
Nissan-Mitsubishi
33.6
1980
11,306
466
19.2
VW
Ford
VW Rabbit
40.3
Diesel
Nissan-Mitsubishi
36.1
1981
10,554
436
20.5
VW
Ford
VW Rabbit
40.9
Diesel
Toyota Starlet
37.9
1982
9,732
425
21.1
Honda
Ford
VW Rabbit
42.7
Diesel
Nissan-Mitsubishi
41.0
1983
10,302
426
21.0
Honda
Ford
Nissan-Mitsubishi
45.3
Diesel
Honda Civic
42.4
1984
14,020
424
21.0
Honda
Ford
Honda Civic
48.0
Gas
Honda Civic
48.0
1985
14,460
417
21.3
Honda
Mercedes
GM Sprint
49.6
Gas
GM Sprint
49.6
1986
15,365
407
21.8
Hyundai
Mercedes
GM Sprint
56.8
Gas
GM Sprint
56.8
1987
14,865
405
22.0
Hyundai
Mercedes
GM Sprint
54.8
Gas
GM Sprint
54.8
1988
15,295
407
21.9
Hyundai
Mercedes
GM Metro
54.4
Gas
GM Metro
54.4
1989
14,453
415
21.4
Hyundai
Mercedes
Honda CRX
50.6
Gas
Honda Civic
50.6
1990
12,615
420
21.2
Hyundai
Mercedes
GM Metro
53.4
Gas
GM Metro
53.4
1991
12,573
418
21.3
Hyundai
Mercedes
GM Metro
53.0
Gas
GM Metro
53.0
1992
12,172
427
20.8
Hyundai
Mercedes
GM Metro
52.6
Gas
GM Metro
52.6
1993
13,211
426
20.9
Honda
Mercedes
GM Metro
52.2
Gas
GM Metro
52.2
1994
14,125
436
20.4
Kia
FCA
GM Metro
52.2
Gas
GM Metro
52.2
1995
15,145
434
20.5
Honda
FCA
Honda Civic
47.3
Gas
Honda Civic
47.3
1996
13,144
435
20.4
Hyundai
FCA
Suzuki Swift
43.3
Gas
Suzuki Swift
43.3
1997
14,458
441
20.2
Hyundai
FCA
GM Metro
42.8
Gas
GM Metro
42.8
1998
14,456
442
20.1
Honda
FCA
GM Metro
42.0
Gas
GM Metro
42.0
1999
15,215
451
19.7
Hyundai
FCA
VW Jetta
41.0
Diesel
GM Metro
39.3
2000
16,571
450
19.8
Hyundai
FCA
Honda Insight
57.4
Hybrid
GM Metro
39.4
2001
15,605
453
19.6
Hyundai
FCA
Honda Insight
56.3
Hybrid
Honda Civic
37.3
2002
16,115
457
19.5
Honda
FCA
Honda Insight
55.6
Hybrid
Honda Civic
35.9
2003
15,773
454
19.6
Honda
Ford
Honda Insight
55.0
Hybrid
Honda Civic
35.5
2004
15,709
461
19.3
Honda
Ford
Honda Insight
53.5
Hybrid
Honda Civic
35.3
2005
15,892
447
19.9
Honda
Ford
Honda Insight
53.3
Hybrid
Honda Civic
35.1
2006
15,104
442
20.1
Mazda
Ford
Honda Insight
53.0
Hybrid
Toyota Corolla
32.3
2007
15,276
431
20.6
Toyota
Mercedes
Toyota Prius
46.2
Hybrid
Toyota Yaris
32.6
2008
13,898
424
21.0
Hyundai
Mercedes
Toyota Prius
46.2
Hybrid
Smart Fortwo
37.1
2009
9,316
397
22.4
Toyota
FCA
Toyota Prius
46.2
Hybrid
Smart Fortwo
37.1
2010
11,116
394
22.6
Hyundai
Mercedes
Honda FCX
60.2
FCV
Smart Fortwo
36.8
2011
12,018
399
22.3
Hyundai
Mercedes
BMW Active E
100.6
EV
Smart Fortwo
35.7
2012
13,449
377
23.6
Hyundai
FCA
Nissan-i-MiEV
109.0
EV
Toyota iQ
36.8
2013
15,198
368
24.2
Hyundai
FCA
Toyota IQ
117.0
EV
Toyota iQ
36.8
2014
15,512
369
24.1
Mazda
FCA
BMW i3
121.3
EV
Mitsubishi Mirage
39.5
2015
16,739
361
24.6
Mazda
FCA
BMW i3
121.3
EV
Mitsubishi Mirage
39.5
2016
16,267
359
24.7
Mazda
FCA
BMW i3
121.3
EV
Mazda 2
37.1
2017
17,011
357
24.9
Honda
FCA
Hyundai loniq
132.6
EV
Mitsubishi Mirage
41.5
2018 (prelim)
-
348
25.4
Honda
FCA
Hyundai loniq
132.6
EV
Mitsubishi Mirage
40.1
*Vehicles are shown based on estimated real-world fuel economy as calculated for this report. These values will differ from values found on the fuel economy labels at the time of
sale. For more information on fuel economy metrics see Appendix C.
1
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 2 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 2.2
Manufacturer Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy (MPG) and C02 Emissions for Model Year 2016 - 2018
MY 2016 Final
MY 2017 Final
MY 2018 Preliminary
Real-World
Fuel Economy
C02 Change
Real-World
Fuel
Real-World
Real-World
Change from
Real-World
from
Fuel
Real-World
Economy
C02
Fuel Economy
MY 2016
co2
MY 2016
Economy
CO 2
Manufacturer
(mPg)
(g/mi)
(mPg)
(mPg)
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
(mpg)
(g/mi)
BMW
25.5
349
25.9
0.4
341
-7
26.2
336
FCA
21.5
413
21.2
-0.4
420
7
21.9
406
Ford
22.8
389
22.9
0.0
388
-1
22.7
392
GM
22.4
397
22.9
0.5
388
-8
23.3
380
Honda
28.2
315
29.4
1.2
302
-13
29.5
300
Hyundai
28.8
309
28.6
-0.2
311
2
27.9
318
Kia
26.2
338
27.2
0.9
327
-11
27.7
319
Mazda
29.6
301
29.0
-0.5
306
5
28.7
312
Mercedes
23.7
376
23.1
-0.6
385
9
23.7
374
Nissan-Mitsubishi
27.8
318
27.1
-0.7
327
9
26.8
329
Subaru
28.1
317
28.5
0.4
312
-5
28.4
313
Toyota
25.0
355
25.3
0.3
351
-4
26.0
341
VW
26.6
334
26.5
-0.2
335
2
25.1
353
All Manufacturers
24.7
359
24.9
0.2
357
-3
25.4
348
2
-------
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 3 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
E PA-420- R-19-002
March 2019
Table 3.1
Vehicle Attributes by Model Year
Car Truck
Real-World Real-World FE Weight Horsepower 0to60 Footprint Production Production
COz (g/mi)
(mPg)
(lbs)
(HP)
(s)
(ft2)
Share
Share
681
13.1
4,060
137
-
-
80.7%
19.3%
625
14.2
4,079
135
-
-
78.9%
21.1%
590
15.1
3,982
136
-
-
80.1%
19.9%
562
15.8
3,715
129
13.6
-
77.5%
22.5%
560
15.9
3,655
124
14.6
-
77.9%
22.1%
466
19.2
3,228
104
15.6
-
83.5%
16.5%
436
20.5
3,202
102
15.6
-
82.8%
17.2%
425
21.1
3,202
103
16.6
-
80.5%
19.5%
426
21.0
3,257
107
14.9
-
78.0%
22.0%
424
21.0
3,262
109
14.7
-
76.5%
23.5%
417
21.3
3,271
114
14.1
-
75.2%
24.8%
407
21.8
3,238
114
13.4
-
72.1%
27.9%
405
22.0
3,221
118
13.4
-
72.8%
27.2%
407
21.9
3,283
123
13.3
-
70.9%
29.1%
415
21.4
3,351
129
12.5
-
70.1%
29.9%
420
21.2
3,426
135
11.5
-
70.4%
29.6%
418
21.3
3,410
138
11.4
-
69.6%
30.4%
427
20.8
3,512
145
11.0
-
68.6%
31.4%
426
20.9
3,519
147
10.3
-
67.6%
32.4%
436
20.4
3,603
152
10.1
-
61.9%
38.1%
434
20.5
3,613
158
10.1
-
63.5%
36.5%
435
20.4
3,659
164
10.4
-
62.2%
37.8%
441
20.2
3,727
169
10.2
-
60.1%
39.9%
442
20.1
3,744
171
10.4
-
58.3%
41.7%
451
19.7
3,835
179
10.3
-
58.3%
41.7%
450
19.8
3,821
181
9.8
-
58.8%
41.2%
453
19.6
3,879
187
9.5
-
58.6%
41.4%
457
19.5
3,951
195
9.4
-
55.2%
44.8%
454
19.6
3,999
199
9.3
-
53.9%
46.1%
461
19.3
4,111
211
9.1
-
52.0%
48.0%
447
19.9
4,059
209
9.0
-
55.6%
44.4%
442
20.1
4,067
213
8.9
-
57.9%
42.1%
431
20.6
4,093
217
8.9
-
58.9%
41.1%
424
21.0
4,085
219
8.9
48.9
59.3%
40.7%
397
22.4
3,914
208
8.8
47.9
67.0%
33.0%
394
22.6
4,001
214
8.8
48.5
62.8%
37.2%
399
22.3
4,126
230
8.5
49.5
57.8%
42.2%
377
23.6
3,979
222
8.5
48.8
64.4%
35.6%
368
24.2
4,003
226
8.4
49.1
64.1%
35.9%
369
24.1
4,060
230
8.3
49.7
59.3%
40.7%
361
24.6
4,035
229
8.3
49.4
57.4%
42.6%
359
24.7
4,035
230
8.3
49.5
55.3%
44.7%
357
24.9
4,093
233
8.2
49.8
52.5%
47.5%
348
25.4
4,094
237
8.0
50.0
51.7%
48.3%
3
-------
2 EZDA
U*.«#4 St*««a
*B«W¥
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 3 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 3.2
Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and C02 by Vehicle Type
Sedan/Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
Minivan/Van
Pickup
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
Prod
C02
FE
Prod
C02
FE
Prod
C02
FE
Prod
C02
FE
Prod
C02
FE
Model Year
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
1975
80.6%
660
13.5
0.1%
799
11.1
1.7%
806
11.0
4.5%
800
11.1
13.1%
746
11.9
1976
78.8%
598
14.9
0.1%
840
10.6
1.9%
755
11.8
4.1%
754
11.8
15.1%
714
12.4
1977
80.0%
570
15.6
0.1%
731
12.2
1.9%
692
12.8
3.6%
710
12.5
14.3%
656
13.6
1978
77.3%
525
16.9
0.1%
768
11.6
2.5%
723
12.3
4.3%
736
12.1
15.7%
668
13.3
1979
77.8%
517
17.2
0.1%
623
14.3
2.8%
844
10.5
3.5%
774
11.5
15.9%
674
13.2
1980
83.5%
446
20.0
0.0%
610
14.6
1.6%
676
13.2
2.1%
629
14.1
12.7%
541
16.5
1981
82.7%
418
21.4
0.0%
605
14.7
1.3%
621
14.3
2.3%
599
14.8
13.6%
500
17.9
1982
80.3%
402
22.2
0.1%
450
19.8
1.5%
616
14.7
3.2%
605
14.7
14.8%
486
18.5
1983
77.7%
403
22.1
0.3%
430
20.7
2.5%
568
15.8
3.7%
593
15.1
15.8%
473
18.9
1984
76.1%
397
22.4
0.4%
461
19.3
4.1%
551
16.2
4.8%
552
16.1
14.6%
488
18.3
1985
74.6%
387
23.0
0.6%
443
20.1
4.5%
538
16.5
5.9%
537
16.5
14.4%
489
18.2
1986
71.7%
375
23.7
0.4%
470
18.9
4.6%
523
17.0
6.8%
509
17.5
16.5%
471
18.9
1987
72.2%
373
23.8
0.6%
458
19.4
5.2%
515
17.3
7.5%
503
17.7
14.4%
467
19.0
1988
70.2%
368
24.1
0.7%
462
19.2
5.6%
522
17.0
7.4%
497
17.9
16.1%
490
18.1
1989
69.3%
375
23.7
0.7%
465
19.1
5.7%
537
16.6
8.8%
499
17.8
15.4%
499
17.8
1990
69.8%
381
23.3
0.5%
472
18.8
5.1%
541
16.4
10.0%
498
17.8
14.5%
511
17.4
1991
67.8%
379
23.4
1.8%
488
18.2
6.9%
531
16.7
8.2%
496
17.9
15.3%
489
18.2
1992
66.6%
385
23.1
2.0%
498
17.8
6.2%
548
16.2
10.0%
496
17.9
15.1%
508
17.5
1993
64.0%
379
23.5
3.6%
522
17.0
6.3%
546
16.3
10.9%
488
18.2
15.2%
505
17.6
1994
59.6%
382
23.3
2.3%
493
18.0
9.1%
555
16.0
10.0%
498
17.8
18.9%
510
17.4
1995
62.0%
379
23.4
1.5%
499
17.8
10.5%
555
16.0
11.0%
492
18.1
15.0%
526
16.9
1996
60.0%
381
23.3
2.2%
482
18.4
12.2%
548
16.2
10.7%
485
18.3
14.9%
518
17.1
1997
57.6%
380
23.4
2.5%
462
19.2
14.5%
551
16.1
8.8%
489
18.2
16.7%
528
16.8
1998
55.1%
380
23.4
3.1%
487
18.2
14.7%
550
16.2
10.3%
475
18.7
16.7%
523
17.0
1999
55.1%
386
23.0
3.2%
480
18.5
15.4%
553
16.1
9.6%
486
18.3
16.7%
546
16.3
2000
55.1%
388
22.9
3.7%
497
17.9
15.2%
555
16.0
10.2%
478
18.6
15.8%
534
16.7
2001
53.9%
386
23.0
4.8%
472
18.8
17.3%
541
16.4
7.9%
493
18.0
16.1%
557
16.0
2002
51.5%
385
23.1
3.7%
460
19.3
22.3%
545
16.3
7.7%
475
18.7
14.8%
564
15.8
2003
50.2%
382
23.3
3.6%
446
19.9
22.6%
541
16.4
7.8%
468
19.0
15.7%
553
16.1
2004
48.0%
384
23.1
4.1%
445
20.0
25.9%
539
16.5
6.1%
464
19.2
15.9%
565
15.7
2005
50.5%
379
23.5
5.1%
440
20.2
20.6%
531
16.7
9.3%
460
19.3
14.5%
561
15.8
2006
52.9%
382
23.3
5.0%
434
20.5
19.9%
518
17.2
7.7%
455
19.5
14.5%
551
16.1
2007
52.9%
369
24.1
6.0%
431
20.6
21.7%
503
17.7
5.5%
456
19.5
13.8%
550
16.2
2008
52.7%
366
24.3
6.6%
419
21.2
22.1%
489
18.2
5.7%
448
19.8
12.9%
539
16.5
2009
60.5%
351
25.3
6.5%
403
22.0
18.4%
461
19.3
4.0%
443
20.1
10.6%
526
16.9
2010
54.5%
340
26.2
8.2%
386
23.0
20.7%
452
19.7
5.0%
442
20.1
11.5%
527
16.9
2011
47.8%
344
25.8
10.0%
378
23.5
25.5%
449
19.8
4.3%
424
20.9
12.3%
516
17.2
2012
55.0%
322
27.6
9.4%
381
23.3
20.6%
445
20.0
4.9%
418
21.3
10.1%
516
17.2
2013
54.1%
313
28.4
10.0%
365
24.3
21.8%
427
20.8
3.8%
422
21.1
10.4%
509
17.5
2014
49.2%
313
28.4
10.1%
364
24.4
23.9%
412
21.6
4.3%
418
21.3
12.4%
493
18.0
2015
47.2%
306
29.0
10.2%
353
25.1
28.1%
406
21.9
3.9%
408
21.8
10.7%
474
18.8
2016
43.8%
303
29.2
11.5%
338
26.2
29.1%
400
22.2
3.9%
410
21.7
11.7%
471
18.9
2017
41.0%
293
30.2
11.5%
339
26.2
31.8%
398
22.4
3.6%
399
22.2
12.1%
470
18.9
2018 (prelim)
42.0%
284
30.8
9.7%
331
26.8
31.7%
387
23.0
3.3%
386
22.9
13.3%
462
19.3
4
-------
fcptKSifjl
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 3 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
E PA-420- R-19-002
March 2019
Table 3.3
Model Year 2017 Vehicle Attributes by Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Real-World
C02 (g/mi)
Real-World
Fuel Economy Weight
(mpg) (lbs)
HP
0 to 60
(s)
Footprint
(ft2)
BMW
341
25.9
4,107
257
7.0
47.9
FCA
420
21.2
4,510
280
7.5
52.8
Ford
388
22.9
4,360
262
7.9
52.5
GM
388
22.9
4,520
265
8.0
53.5
Honda
302
29.4
3,595
203
8.1
47.1
Hyundai
311
28.6
3,458
176
8.9
46.5
Kia
327
27.2
3,592
186
00
CO
47.2
Mazda
306
29.0
3,569
178
8.9
46.0
Mercedes
385
23.1
4,536
288
7.0
50.0
Nissan- Mitsubishi
327
27.1
3,770
201
8.9
47.6
Subaru
312
28.5
3,724
181
9.3
45.0
Toyota
351
25.3
4,059
216
8.5
49.0
VW
335
26.5
3,894
225
7.9
46.3
Other
319
26.6
4,747
336
6.4
51.0
All Manufacturers
357
24.9
4,093
233
8.2
49.8
5
-------
H€PA
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 3 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 3.4
Model Year 2017 Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy and C02 by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Sedan/Wagon
Car SUV
Truck SUV
Minivan/Va
n
Pickup
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
World
Prod
C02
FE
Prod
C02
FE
Prod
C02
FE
Prod
C02
FE
Prod
C02
FE
Manufacturer
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
Share
(g/mi)
(mpg)
BMW
62.7%
314
28.0
5.5%
362
24.6
31.8%
391
22.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
FCA
10.4%
373
23.7
9.0%
354
25.1
45.6%
423
21.0
16.9%
400
22.2
18.1%
493
18.1
Ford
31.1%
319
27.8
14.8%
352
25.2
32.5%
427
20.8
1.8%
413
21.5
19.8%
457
19.5
GM
30.6%
292
30.2
13.1%
341
26.0
31.4%
439
20.3
0.0%
699
12.7
24.9%
467
19.1
Honda
58.2%
270
32.8
8.4%
301
29.5
28.7%
351
25.3
1.7%
383
23.2
3.0%
408
21.8
Hyundai
63.1%
277
32.1
30.6%
357
24.9
6.2%
430
20.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
Kia
55.0%
280
31.7
17.4%
354
25.1
21.6%
399
22.3
6.0%
423
21.0
-
-
-
Mazda
57.2%
283
31.5
13.9%
321
27.6
29.0%
345
25.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mercedes
50.7%
342
25.9
7.0%
340
26.1
40.8%
445
20.0
1.5%
396
22.5
-
-
-
Nissan-Mitsubishi
56.1%
293
30.2
10.2%
307
28.9
24.9%
368
24.1
2.0%
354
25.1
6.9%
480
18.5
Subaru
26.8%
311
28.6
-
-
-
73.2%
312
28.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
Toyota
41.6%
278
31.9
9.9%
342
25.9
27.2%
385
23.1
5.7%
399
22.3
15.6%
476
18.7
VW
72.0%
308
28.8
3.5%
395
22.5
24.5%
406
21.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other
34.1%
230
34.3
9.9%
106
51.3
56.0%
411
21.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
All Manufacturers
41.0%
293
30.2
11.5%
339
26.2
31.8%
398
22.4
3.6%
399
22.2
12.1%
470
18.9
6
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 3 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
E PA-420- R-19-002
March 2019
Table 3.5
Footprint by Manufacturer for Model Year 2016 - 2018 (ft2)
Manufacturer
Final MY 2016
Final MY 2017
Preliminary MY 2018
Car
Truck
All
Car
Truck
All
Car
Truck
All
BMW
47.1
50.6
48.0
46.7
50.6
47.9
47.0
50.8
48.0
FCA
47.5
53.2
51.4
47.4
54.1
52.8
48.9
52.4
51.6
Ford
46.7
59.0
53.3
46.9
57.3
52.5
46.8
60.1
55.2
GM
46.6
59.1
53.2
46.6
58.9
53.5
46.3
58.3
53.3
Honda
45.3
49.6
47.0
45.9
49.7
47.1
46.3
50.5
47.8
Hyundai
46.3
49.2
46.3
46.3
49.2
46.5
46.8
47.5
46.9
Kia
45.9
51.3
47.1
46.1
50.0
47.2
46.1
50.2
47.2
Mazda
45.4
47.1
46.0
45.5
47.2
46.0
45.5
48.1
46.3
Mercedes
47.5
51.7
48.9
48.5
52.0
50.0
48.3
51.3
49.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
45.8
49.5
46.9
45.8
51.3
47.6
45.8
52.0
48.0
Subaru
44.7
44.8
44.7
45.1
45.0
45.0
45.1
45.0
45.0
Toyota
45.5
52.5
48.5
45.6
52.6
49.0
45.7
51.1
48.2
VW
45.1
48.9
45.9
45.0
50.2
46.3
45.6
50.0
47.4
Other
51.0
51.3
51.2
50.8
51.1
51.0
49.7
50.4
50.0
All Manufacturers
46.1
53.7
49.5
46.2
53.8
49.8
46.5
53.8
50.0
7
-------
#EPA
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 4 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 4.1
Production Share by Engine Technologies
Model Year
Powertrairi
Fuel Delivery Method
Avg. No. of
Cylinders
CID
HP
Multi-
Valve
WT
CD
Turbo
Stop/
Start
Gasoline
Gasoline
Hybrid
Diesel
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Electric
FCV
1975
99.8%
0.2%
95.7%
4.1%
0.0%
6.8
293
137
1976
99.8%
0.2%
97.3%
2.5%
0.0%
6.9
294
135
1977
99.6%
0.4%
96.2%
3.4%
0.0%
6.9
287
136
1978
99.1%
0.9%
95.2%
3.9%
0.0%
6.7
266
129
1979
98.0%
2.0%
94.2%
3.7%
0.1%
6.5
252
124
1980
95.7%
4.3%
89.7%
5.2%
0.8%
5.6
198
104
1981
94.1%
5.9%
86.7%
5.1%
2.4%
5.5
193
102
1982
94.4%
5.6%
80.6%
5.8%
8.0%
5.4
188
103
1983
97.3%
2.7%
75.2%
7.3%
14.8%
5.5
193
107
1984
98.2%
1.8%
67.6%
11.9%
18.7%
5.5
190
109
1985
99.1%
0.9%
56.1%
18.2%
24.8%
5.5
189
114
1986
99.6%
0.4%
41.4%
32.5%
25.7%
5.3
180
114
3.4%
1987
99.7%
0.3%
28.4%
39.9%
31.4%
5.2
175
118
10.6%
1988
99.9%
0.1%
15.0%
50.6%
34.3%
5.3
180
123
14.0%
1989
99.9%
0.1%
8.7%
57.3%
33.9%
5.4
185
129
16.9%
1990
99.9%
0.1%
2.1%
70.8%
27.0%
5.4
185
135
23.1%
1991
99.9%
0.1%
0.6%
70.6%
28.7%
5.3
184
138
23.1%
1992
99.9%
0.1%
0.5%
81.6%
17.8%
5.5
191
145
23.3%
1993
100.0%
0.3%
85.0%
14.6%
5.5
191
147
23.5%
1994
100.0%
0.0%
0.1%
87.7%
12.1%
5.6
197
152
26.7%
1995
100.0%
0.0%
91.6%
8.4%
5.6
196
158
35.6%
1996
99.9%
0.1%
99.3%
0.7%
5.6
197
164
39.3%
0.2%
1997
99.9%
0.1%
99.5%
0.5%
5.7
199
169
39.6%
0.4%
1998
99.9%
0.1%
99.8%
0.1%
5.6
199
171
40.9%
0.8%
1999
99.9%
0.1%
99.9%
0.1%
5.8
203
179
43.4%
1.4%
2000
99.8%
0.0%
0.1%
99.8%
0.0%
5.7
200
181
44.8%
15.0%
1.3%
2001
99.7%
0.1%
0.1%
99.9%
5.8
201
187
49.0%
19.6%
2.0%
2002
99.6%
0.2%
0.2%
99.8%
5.8
203
195
53.3%
25.3%
2.2%
2003
99.5%
0.3%
0.2%
99.8%
5.8
204
199
55.5%
30.6%
1.2%
2004
99.4%
0.5%
0.1%
99.9%
5.9
212
211
62.3%
38.5%
2.3%
2005
98.6%
1.1%
0.3%
99.7%
5.8
205
209
65.6%
45.8%
0.8%
1.7%
2006
98.1%
1.5%
0.4%
99.6%
5.7
204
213
71.7%
55.4%
3.6%
2.1%
2007
97.7%
2.2%
0.1%
99.8%
5.6
203
217
71.7%
57.3%
7.3%
2.5%
2008
97.4%
2.5%
0.1%
2.3%
97.6%
5.6
199
219
76.4%
58.2%
6.7%
3.0%
2009
97.2%
2.3%
0.5%
4.2%
95.2%
5.2
183
208
83.8%
71.5%
7.3%
3.3%
2010
95.5%
3.8%
0.7%
0.0%
8.3%
91.0%
0.0%
5.3
188
214
85.5%
83.8%
6.4%
3.3%
2011
97.0%
2.2%
0.8%
0.1%
15.4%
83.8%
0.1%
0.0%
5.4
192
230
86.4%
93.1%
9.5%
6.8%
2012
95.5%
3.1%
0.9%
0.4%
22.5%
76.5%
0.1%
0.0%
5.1
181
222
91.8%
96.6%
8.1%
8.4%
0.6%
2013
94.8%
3.6%
0.9%
0.7%
30.5%
68.3%
0.3%
5.1
176
226
92.8%
97.4%
7.7%
13.9%
2.3%
2014
95.7%
2.6%
1.0%
0.7%
37.4%
61.3%
0.3%
0.0%
5.1
180
230
89.2%
97.6%
10.6%
14.8%
5.1%
2015
95.9%
2.4%
0.9%
0.7%
41.9%
56.7%
0.5%
0.0%
5.0
177
229
91.2%
97.2%
10.5%
15.7%
7.1%
2016
96.9%
1.8%
0.5%
0.8%
48.0%
51.0%
0.5%
0.0%
5.0
174
230
92.3%
98.0%
10.4%
19.9%
9.6%
2017
96.1%
2.3%
0.3%
1.4%
49.7%
49.4%
0.6%
0.0%
5.0
174
233
91.9%
98.1%
11.9%
23.4%
17.8%
2018 (prelim)
92.8%
3.6%
0.9%
2.7%
50.7%
46.6%
1.8%
0.0%
5.0
169
237
91.7%
95.7%
11.8%
30.8%
28.3%
8
-------
SEPA
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 4 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 4.2
Production Share by Transmission Technologies
Model Year
Manual
Automatic
with Lockup
Automatic
without
Lockup
CVT (Hybrid)
CVT
(Non-
Hybrid)
Other
4 Gears
or Fewer
5 Gears
6
Gears
7
Gears
8
Gears
9+ Gears
CVT
(Hybrid)
CVT
(Non-
Hybrid)
Avg. No.
of Gears
1975
23.0%
0.2%
76.8%
-
-
-
99.0%
1.0%
-
-
-
-
1976
20.9%
-
79.1%
-
-
-
100.0%
-
-
-
-
-
1977
19.8%
-
80.2%
-
-
-
100.0%
-
-
-
-
1978
22.7%
5.5%
71.9%
-
-
-
92.7%
7.3%
-
-
-
1979
24.2%
7.3%
68.1%
-
-
0.4%
93.8%
6.2%
-
-
3.3
1980
34.6%
18.1%
46.8%
-
-
0.5%
87.9%
12.1%
-
-
3.5
1981
33.6%
33.0%
32.9%
-
-
0.5%
85.6%
14.4%
-
-
3.5
1982
32.4%
47.8%
19.4%
-
-
0.4%
84.4%
15.6%
-
-
3.6
1983
30.5%
52.1%
17.0%
-
-
0.4%
80.9%
19.1%
-
-
-
3.7
1984
28.4%
52.8%
18.8%
-
-
0.0%
81.3%
18.7%
-
-
-
3.7
1985
26.5%
54.5%
19.1%
-
-
-
80.7%
19.3%
-
-
-
3.8
1986
29.8%
53.5%
16.7%
-
-
-
76.8%
23.2%
-
-
-
3.8
1987
29.1%
55.4%
15.5%
-
-
0.0%
76.2%
23.8%
-
-
-
3.9
1988
27.6%
62.2%
10.2%
-
-
-
76.8%
23.2%
-
-
-
3.9
1989
24.6%
65.5%
9.9%
-
0.1%
0.0%
78.5%
21.4%
0.0%
-
0.1%
3.9
1990
22.2%
71.2%
6.5%
-
0.0%
0.0%
79.9%
20.0%
0.1%
-
0.0%
4.0
1991
23.9%
71.6%
4.5%
-
0.0%
-
77.3%
22.6%
0.0%
-
0.0%
4.0
1992
20.7%
74.8%
4.5%
-
0.0%
-
80.8%
19.2%
0.1%
-
0.0%
4.0
1993
19.8%
76.5%
3.7%
-
0.0%
-
80.9%
19.0%
0.1%
-
0.0%
4.0
1994
19.5%
77.6%
3.0%
-
-
-
80.8%
19.0%
0.2%
-
-
4.1
1995
17.9%
80.7%
1.4%
-
-
-
82.0%
17.7%
0.2%
-
-
4.1
1996
15.2%
83.5%
1.3%
-
0.0%
0.0%
84.7%
15.1%
0.2%
-
0.0%
4.1
1997
14.0%
85.5%
0.5%
-
0.0%
-
82.4%
17.3%
0.2%
-
0.0%
4.1
1998
12.8%
86.7%
0.5%
-
0.0%
-
82.1%
17.7%
0.2%
-
0.0%
4.1
1999
10.1%
89.4%
0.5%
-
0.0%
-
84.4%
15.3%
0.3%
-
0.0%
4.1
2000
9.7%
89.5%
0.7%
-
0.0%
-
83.7%
15.8%
0.5%
-
0.0%
4.1
2001
9.0%
90.3%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
-
80.7%
18.5%
0.7%
-
0.1%
0.0%
4.2
2002
8.2%
91.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
-
77.1%
21.6%
1.1%
-
0.1%
0.1%
4.2
2003
8.0%
90.8%
0.1%
0.3%
0.8%
-
69.2%
28.1%
1.7%
-
0.3%
0.8%
4.3
2004
6.8%
91.8%
0.3%
0.4%
0.7%
-
63.9%
31.8%
3.0%
0.2%
-
0.4%
0.7%
4.4
2005
6.2%
91.5%
0.1%
1.0%
1.3%
-
56.0%
37.3%
4.1%
0.2%
-
1.0%
1.3%
4.5
2006
6.5%
90.6%
0.0%
1.5%
1.4%
-
47.7%
39.2%
8.8%
1.4%
-
1.5%
1.4%
4.6
2007
5.6%
87.1%
0.0%
2.1%
5.1%
-
40.5%
36.1%
14.4%
1.5%
0.2%
2.1%
5.1%
4.8
2008
5.2%
86.8%
0.2%
2.4%
5.5%
-
38.8%
31.9%
19.4%
1.8%
0.2%
2.4%
5.5%
4.8
2009
4.8%
85.6%
0.2%
2.1%
7.3%
-
31.2%
32.2%
24.5%
2.5%
0.1%
2.1%
7.3%
5.0
2010
3.8%
84.1%
1.2%
3.8%
7.2%
-
24.6%
23.5%
38.1%
2.7%
0.2%
3.8%
7.2%
5.2
2011
3.2%
86.5%
0.3%
2.0%
8.0%
-
14.2%
18.7%
52.3%
3.1%
1.7%
2.0%
8.0%
5.5
2012
3.6%
83.4%
1.1%
2.7%
9.2%
-
8.1%
18.2%
56.3%
2.8%
2.6%
2.7%
9.2%
5.5
2013
3.5%
80.4%
1.4%
2.9%
11.8%
-
5.4%
12.8%
60.1%
2.8%
4.1%
2.9%
11.8%
5.6
2014
2.8%
76.7%
1.6%
2.3%
16.6%
-
2.2%
7.8%
58.4%
3.3%
8.4%
1.1%
2.3%
16.6%
5.9
2015
2.6%
72.3%
1.4%
2.2%
21.5%
-
1.5%
4.5%
54.2%
3.1%
9.5%
3.5%
2.2%
21.5%
5.9
2016
2.2%
72.4%
2.6%
1.7%
21.1%
-
1.1%
3.0%
54.9%
2.9%
11.3%
4.1%
1.7%
21.1%
6.0
2017
2.1%
71.5%
2.6%
1.9%
21.9%
-
1.0%
2.4%
49.0%
3.3%
14.6%
5.1%
1.9%
21.9%
6.1
2018 (prelim)
2.5%
71.8%
3.5%
2.6%
19.6%
-
2.1%
2.6%
36.7%
3.5%
18.7%
8.5%
2.6%
19.6%
6.4
9
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 4 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 4.3
Production Share by Drive Technology
Car
Truck
All
Front Wheel
Rear Wheel
Four Wheel
Front Wheel
Rear Wheel
Four Wheel
Front Wheel
Rear Wheel
Four Wheel
Model Year
Drive
Drive
Drive
Drive
Drive
Drive
Drive
Drive
Drive
1975
6.5%
93.5%
-
-
82.8%
17.2%
5.3%
91.4%
3.3%
1976
5.8%
94.2%
-
-
77.0%
23.0%
4.6%
90.6%
4.8%
1977
6.8%
93.2%
-
-
76.2%
23.8%
5.5%
89.8%
4.7%
1978
9.6%
90.4%
-
-
70.9%
29.1%
7.4%
86.0%
6.6%
1979
11.9%
87.8%
0.3%
-
81.9%
18.1%
9.2%
86.5%
4.3%
1980
29.7%
69.4%
0.9%
1.4%
73.6%
25.0%
25.0%
70.1%
4.9%
1981
37.0%
62.2%
0.7%
1.9%
78.0%
20.1%
31.0%
65.0%
4.0%
1982
45.6%
53.6%
0.8%
1.7%
78.1%
20.2%
37.0%
58.4%
4.6%
1983
47.1%
49.9%
3.1%
1.4%
72.5%
26.1%
37.0%
54.8%
8.1%
1984
53.5%
45.5%
1.0%
5.0%
63.5%
31.5%
42.1%
49.8%
8.2%
1985
61.1%
36.8%
2.1%
7.3%
61.4%
31.3%
47.8%
42.9%
9.3%
1986
70.7%
28.2%
1.0%
5.9%
63.4%
30.7%
52.6%
38.0%
9.3%
1987
76.4%
22.6%
1.1%
7.6%
60.2%
32.2%
57.7%
32.8%
9.6%
1988
80.9%
18.3%
0.8%
9.2%
56.7%
34.1%
60.0%
29.5%
10.5%
1989
81.6%
17.4%
1.0%
10.1%
57.1%
32.8%
60.2%
29.3%
10.5%
1990
84.0%
15.0%
1.0%
15.8%
52.4%
31.8%
63.8%
26.1%
10.1%
1991
81.1%
17.5%
1.3%
10.3%
52.3%
37.3%
59.6%
28.1%
12.3%
1992
78.4%
20.5%
1.1%
14.5%
52.1%
33.4%
58.4%
30.4%
11.2%
1993
80.6%
18.3%
1.1%
16.8%
50.6%
32.7%
59.9%
28.8%
11.3%
1994
81.3%
18.3%
0.4%
13.8%
47.0%
39.2%
55.6%
29.2%
15.2%
1995
80.1%
18.8%
1.1%
18.4%
39.3%
42.3%
57.6%
26.3%
16.2%
1996
83.7%
14.8%
1.4%
20.9%
39.8%
39.2%
60.0%
24.3%
15.7%
1997
83.8%
14.5%
1.7%
14.2%
40.6%
45.2%
56.1%
24.9%
19.0%
1998
82.9%
15.0%
2.1%
19.3%
35.5%
45.1%
56.4%
23.5%
20.1%
1999
83.2%
14.7%
2.1%
17.5%
34.4%
48.1%
55.8%
22.9%
21.3%
2000
80.4%
17.7%
2.0%
20.0%
33.8%
46.3%
55.5%
24.3%
20.2%
2001
80.3%
16.7%
3.0%
16.3%
34.8%
48.8%
53.8%
24.2%
22.0%
2002
82.9%
13.5%
3.6%
15.4%
33.1%
51.6%
52.7%
22.3%
25.0%
2003
80.9%
15.9%
3.2%
15.4%
34.1%
50.4%
50.7%
24.3%
25.0%
2004
80.2%
14.5%
5.3%
12.5%
31.0%
56.5%
47.7%
22.4%
29.8%
2005
79.2%
14.2%
6.6%
20.1%
27.7%
52.2%
53.0%
20.2%
26.8%
2006
75.9%
18.0%
6.0%
18.9%
28.0%
53.1%
51.9%
22.3%
25.8%
2007
81.0%
13.4%
5.6%
16.1%
28.4%
55.5%
54.3%
19.6%
26.1%
2008
78.8%
14.1%
7.1%
18.4%
24.8%
56.8%
54.2%
18.5%
27.3%
2009
83.5%
10.2%
6.3%
21.0%
20.5%
58.5%
62.9%
13.6%
23.5%
2010
82.5%
11.2%
6.3%
20.9%
18.0%
61.0%
59.6%
13.7%
26.7%
2011
80.1%
11.3%
8.6%
17.7%
17.3%
65.0%
53.8%
13.8%
32.4%
2012
83.8%
00
CO
7.5%
20.9%
14.8%
64.3%
61.4%
10.9%
27.7%
2013
83.0%
9.3%
7.7%
18.1%
14.5%
67.5%
59.7%
11.1%
29.1%
2014
81.3%
10.6%
8.2%
17.5%
14.2%
68.3%
55.3%
12.1%
32.6%
2015
80.4%
9.7%
9.9%
16.0%
12.6%
71.4%
52.9%
10.9%
36.1%
2016
79.8%
9.1%
11.0%
15.8%
12.2%
72.0%
51.2%
10.5%
38.3%
2017
79.8%
8.3%
11.9%
16.1%
11.0%
72.8%
49.6%
9.6%
40.8%
2018 (prelim)
76.3%
10.9%
12.8%
14.5%
12.1%
73.5%
46.4%
11.5%
42.1%
10
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Figures EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Figure 5.3
Changes in "2-Cycle" Tailpipe C02 Emissions, Model Year 2012 to 2017 (g/mi)
Manufacturer
Model Year 2012
Car Truck All
Model Year 2017
Car Truck All
BMW
277
363
302
251
310
272
BYD Motors
0
-
0
0
-
0
FCA
300
384
357
291
347
337
Ford
261
385
315
259
348
310
GM
283
397
331
239
362
313
Honda
237
320
266
209
278
234
Hyundai
243
312
249
238
339
245
Jaguar Land Rover
376
439
426
291
343
332
Kia
258
324
266
232
323
260
Mazda
241
324
263
222
262
235
Mercedes
316
393
343
269
349
306
Nissan-Mitsubishi
258
379
294
225
308
256
Subaru
257
296
282
243
242
242
Tesla
0
-
0
0
-
0
Toyota
221
354
273
222
325
276
VW
274
330
281
246
321
266
Volvo
297
343
311
249
287
273
All Manufacturers
259
369
302
235
330
283
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
11
-------
&EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Protection Section 5 FigUreS EPA-420-R-19-002
Agency
March 2019
Figure 5.4
Model Year 2017 Production of EVs, PHEVs, and FCVs
Manufacturer
Production of
EV/FCV (2.Ox)
Production of
PHEV (1.6x)
BMW
2265
16246
BYD Motors
6
-
FCA
6547
3327
Ford
1484
24356
GM
26684
38032
Honda
2384
-
Hyundai
596
1731
Kia
1800
1700
Mercedes
1,497
1,653
Nissan-Mitsubishi
10,972
-
Tesla
46,979
-
Toyota
2,547
34,029
VW
1,741
5,358
Volvo
-
2,545
12
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Figures EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Figure 5.5
Model Year 2017 Advanced Technology Credits by Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Car (Mg)
Truck (Mg)
Total (Mg)
Total (g/mi)
BMW
298,644
76,716
375,360
5.5
BYD Motors
265
-
265
226.2
FCA
249,287
108,570
357,857
0.8
Ford
487,309
-
487,309
1.0
GM
1,853,918
-
1,853,918
3.1
Honda
103,064
-
103,064
0.3
Hyundai
56,873
-
56,873
0.3
Kia
104,826
-
104,826
0.8
Mercedes
73,520
3,966
77,486
1.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
451,661
-
451,661
1.2
Tesla
2,311,674
-
2,311,674
252.0
Toyota
713,125
-
713,125
1.3
VW
106,286
29,666
135,952
1.0
Volvo
-
35,869
35,869
2.1
All Manufacturers
6,810,452
254,787
7,065,239
2.0
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
13
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Figures EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Figure 5.6
Production of FFVs, Model Year
2012-2017
Model Year
Car
Truck
2012
691,588
1,352,258
2013
791,660
1,696,836
2014
709,192
2,091,685
2015
538,648
1,300,077
2016
424,649
910,075
2017
307,116
859,376
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
14
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 5 Figures
Figure 5.7
FFV Credits by
Model Year (g/mi)
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Model Year
GHG
Credits
2012
8.1
2013
7.8
2014
8.9
2015
6.4
2016
-
2017
-
15
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
&EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Figures EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Figure 5.8
HFO-1234yf Adoption by Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Model Year
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
BMW
-
-
-
-
334,633
FCA
-
540,098
1,683,956
1,504,046
1,633,139
Ford
-
-
-
-
1,326,663
GM
41,913
30,652
16,298
32,775
1,632,981
Honda
471
599
-
541,393
897,751
Hyundai
-
-
-
-
14,663
Jaguar Land Rover
-
56,604
62,316
114,580
122,586
Kia
-
-
-
-
264,353
Subaru
-
-
-
-
292,788
Toyota
-
-
-
-
277,645
VW
-
-
-
-
50,884
16
-------
&EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Protection Section 5 FigUreS EPA-420-R-19-002
Agency
March 2019
Figure 5.9
Fleetwide A/C Credits by Credit Type
Model Year
A/C Leakage
Credits (Tg)
A/C Efficiency
Credits (Tg)
2009
6.239573
2.113939
2010
8.323159
2.843761
2011
8.867040
3.594232
2012
11.121450
5.881319
2013
13.136683
8.620823
2014
16.639243
10.544893
2015
20.295691
12.391071
2016
21.946718
12.479386
2017
32.608418
16.159002
17
-------
&EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Protection Section 5 FigUreS EPA-420-R-19-002
Agency
March 2019
Figure 5.10
Total A/C Credits by Manufacturer for
Model Year 2017
A/C
A/C
Leakage
Efficiency
Credits
Credits
Manufacturer
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
BMW
14.8
5.0
FCA
15.3
5.6
Ford
12.1
4.6
GM
12.5
5.4
Honda
9.9
3.8
Hyundai
3.0
3.5
Jaguar Land Rover
16.5
6.8
Kia
6.9
3.8
Mercedes
6.3
5.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
4.9
2.8
Subaru
6.4
4.2
Tesla
1.6
5.7
Toyota
5.4
4.9
VW
5.4
4.6
Volvo
6.4
5.1
18
-------
v>EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Protection
Section 5 Figures EPA-420-R-19-002
Agency
March 2019
Figure 5.11
Off-Cycle Menu Technology Adoption by Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Active
Aerodynamic
Improvements
Active
Engine
Warmup
Active
Transmission
Warmup
Engine Idle
Start Stop
High
Efficiency
Lighting
Solar Panel
Active Seat
Ventilation
Glass Or
Glazing
Solar
Reflective
Coating
Active Cabin
Ventilation
Passive Cabin
Ventilation
BMW
9%
42%
-
5%
100%
-
7%
-
-
100%
-
FCA
36%
71%
32%
24%
62%
-
14%
97%
2%
-
90%
Ford
79%
32%
41%
38%
62%
-
21%
100%
8%
-
33%
GM
43%
29%
-
24%
90%
-
19%
100%
17%
0%
98%
Honda
19%
10%
90%
7%
97%
-
4%
42%
-
-
-
Hyundai
2%
1%
37%
3%
57%
-
11%
90%
16%
-
-
Jaguar Land Rover
62%
-
-
100%
100%
-
49%
100%
-
-
76%
Kia
6%
4%
50%
6%
81%
-
9%
99%
20%
-
-
Mercedes
-
-
-
-
98%
-
16%
45%
-
-
-
Nissan-Mitsubishi
27%
27%
58%
2%
69%
0%
8%
64%
5%
-
-
Subaru
41%
-
-
-
82%
-
0%
-
-
-
-
Tesla
100%
-
-
-
100%
-
-
100%
-
100%
-
Toyota
5%
37%
-
16%
64%
-
26%
98%
28%
-
87%
Volkswagen
5%
57%
28%
20%
78%
-
8%
55%
22%
-
-
Volvo
-
-
-
100%
100%
-
15%
79%
11%
2%
44%
All Manufacturers
30%
30%
29%
17%
74%
0.0%
15%
79%
11%
2%
44%
19
-------
&EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Protection Section 5 FigUreS EPA-420-R-19-002
Agency
March 2019
Figure 5.12
Total Off-Cycle Credits by Manufacturer
for Model Year 2017
Menu
Non-Menu
Credits
Credits
Manufacturer
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
BMW
4.6
-
FCA
8.2
0.5
Ford
6.8
0.6
GM
5.5
1.2
Honda
3.3
-
Hyundai
1.6
0.2
Jaguar Land Rover
8.2
-
Kia
2.4
-
Mercedes
1.7
-
Nissan-Mitsubishi
2.9
-
Subaru
0.5
-
Tesla
5.2
-
Toyota
5.1
0.3
Volkswagen
3.4
-
Volvo
4.7
-
All Manufacturers
4.7
0.4
20
-------
&EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Protection Section 5 FigUreS EPA-420-R-19-002
Agency
March 2019
Figure 5.13
Early Credits Reported and Expired by Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Expired 2009
Credits
(Tg of C02)
Used 2009
Credits
(Tg of C02)
Remaining
Credits
(Tg of C02)
BMW
0.1
0.4
0.7
FCA
-
6.3
4.5
Ford
5.9
2.5
7.8
GM
6.9
6.1
12.5
Honda
14.1
-
21.7
Hyundai
4.5
0.1
9.4
Kia
2.4
0.8
7.3
Mazda
1.3
0.1
4.1
Mercedes
-
0.1
0.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
8.8
2.3
8.5
Subaru
0.5
1.1
4.1
Suzuki
0.3
0.2
0.4
Tesla
-
-
0.0
Toyota
29.7
1.6
49.1
VW
1.4
0.8
4.2
Volvo
-
0.2
0.5
21
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&EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Protection Section 5 FigUreS EPA-420-R-19-002
Agency
March 2019
Figure 5.14
Performance and Standards by Manufacturer,
2017 Model Year
Manufacturer
Performance
(g/mi)
Standard
(g/mi)
FCA
307
285
GM
285
277
Ford
286
272
All
263
258
Mercedes
291
257
Toyota
259
255
Subaru
231
247
BMW
242
243
Nissan-Mitsubishi
244
243
Honda
217
240
Kia
246
237
Mazda
235
233
VW
252
232
Hyundai
237
223
22
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Figures EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Figure 5.15
Total Credits Transactions Through Model
Year 2017
Manufacturer
Expires 2021
Expires 2022
Honda
-26.4
-2.0
Tesla
-6.1
-2.4
Toyota
-7.8
-
Nissan-Mitsubishi
-3.5
-
Coda
0.0
-
GM
0.0
-
Jaguar Land Rover
2.3
-
Volkswagen
3.0
-
BMW
2.0
2.0
Mercedes
6.2
-
FCA
30.3
2.4
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
23
-------
&EPA 2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Protection Section 5 FigUreS EPA-420-R-19-002
Agency
March 2019
Figure 5.16
Manufacturer Credit Balance After
Model Year 2017
Manufacturer
Credit Balance
Carry to 2018
(Tg COz)
Toyota
71.4
Honda
37.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
28.1
FCA
20.3
Hyundai
18.1
Subaru
16.9
Ford
16.3
GM
15.1
Mazda
9.3
BMW
5.3
Kia
4.9
Volkswagen
2.8
Tesla
2.4
Mercedes
0.6
Suzuki
0.4
Volvo
0.3
Karma Automotive
0.1
BYD Motors
0.0
Jaguar Land Rover
-0.6
24
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Figures EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Figure 5.17
Industry Performance and Standards, Credit
Generation and Use
Performance
Standard
Model Year
(g/mi)
(g/mi)
2012
287
299
2013
278
292
2014
274
287
2015
267
274
2016
271
263
2017
263
258
Model Year
Credits (Mg)
Credits (Tg)
Early Credits (2009-2011)
157,755,001
158
2012
32,715,480
33
2013
41,810,301
42
2014
41,347,507
41
2015
23,580,041
24
2016
-29,929,366
-30
2017
-17,953,760
-18
carry to 2018
249,325,204
249
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
25
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Section 5 Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
E PA-420- R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.1
Manufacturer Footprint and Standards for Model Year 2017
Manufacturer
Footprint (ft2)
Standards (g/mi)
Car
Truck
All
Car
Truck
All
BMW
46.7
50.6
47.9
221
284
243
BYD Motors
47.9
-
47.9
226
-
226
FCA
47.4
54.1
52.8
225
297
285
Ford
46.9
57.3
52.5
222
308
272
GM
46.6
58.9
53.5
221
315
277
Honda
45.9
49.7
47.1
217
279
240
Hyundai
46.3
49.2
46.5
219
278
223
Jaguar Land Rover
49.0
51.0
50.6
244
287
278
Kia
46.1
50.0
47.2
218
281
237
Mazda
45.5
47.2
46.0
216
268
233
Mercedes
48.5
52.0
50.0
229
290
257
Nissan-Mitsubishi
45.8
51.3
47.6
217
286
243
Subaru
45.1
45.0
45.0
213
258
247
Tesla
53.8
-
53.8
252
-
252
Toyota
45.6
52.6
49.0
216
290
255
VW
45.0
50.2
46.3
213
282
232
Volvo
48.4
51.2
50.0
241
288
270
All Manufacturers
46.2
53.8
49.8
219
295
258
26
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.2
Production Multipliers by Model Year
Plug-In Hybrid Electric
Vehicles, Dedicated Natural
Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell
Gas Vehicles, and Dual-Fuel
Model Year
Vehicles
Natural Gas Vehicles
2017
2.0
1.6
2018
2.0
1.6
2019
2.0
1.6
2020
1.8
1.5
2021
1.5
1.3
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
27
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.3
Model Year 2017 Off-Cycle Technology Credits from the Menu, by Manufacturer and Technology (g/mi)
Manufacturer
Active Aero-
dynamics
Active
Engine
Warmup
Active Trans
Warmup
Thermal
Controls
Engine Start-
Stop
High
Efficiency
Lighting
Solar Panel
Total Menu
Credits
BMW
0.1
1.2
-
2.4
0.1
0.7
-
4.6
FCA
0.3
2.2
1.0
3.6
1.0
0.1
-
8.2
Ford
1.0
0.8
1.0
2.5
1.3
0.2
-
6.8
GM
0.5
0.6
-
3.4
0.6
0.4
-
5.5
Honda
0.1
0.2
1.9
0.6
0.2
0.3
-
3.3
Hyundai
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.1
-
1.6
Jaguar Land Rover
0.3
-
-
3.2
4.0
0.7
-
8.2
Kia
0.0
0.1
1.0
1.1
0.1
0.1
-
2.4
Mercedes
-
-
-
1.0
-
0.7
-
1.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
0.1
0.5
1.2
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.0
2.9
Subaru
0.2
-
-
0.0
-
0.3
-
0.5
Tesla
1.5
-
-
3.0
-
0.8
-
5.2
Toyota
0.0
1.1
-
3.2
0.6
0.2
-
5.1
Volkswagen
0.0
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.4
-
3.4
Volvo
-
-
-
0.2
3.7
0.9
-
4.7
All Manufacturers
0.3
0.8
0.7
2.1
0.6
0.3
0.0
4.7
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
28
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.4
Model Year 2017 Off-Cycle Technology Credits from an
Alternative Methodology, by Manufacturer and Technology
(g/mi)
Manufacturer
Denso SAS A/C High-Efficiency
Compressor Alternator
Total
Alternative
Methodology
Credits
FCA
-
0.5
0.5
Ford
-
0.6
0.6
GM
0.7
0.5
1.2
Hyundai
0.2
-
0.2
Toyota
0.2
0.1
0.3
All Manufacturers
0.2
0.2
0.4
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
29
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.5
Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, All (g/mi)
Manufacturer
2-Cycle
Tailpipe
Credits
ch4 & n2o
Deficit
Performance
Value
FFV
TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Off-Cycle
BMW
272
-
-
19.8
5.5
4.6
0.2
242
BYD Motors
0
-
-
-
226.2
-
-
-226
FCA
337
-
-
20.8
0.8
8.7
0.1
307
Ford
310
-
-
16.7
1.0
7.4
0.8
286
GM
313
-
-
17.9
3.1
6.7
0.1
285
Honda
234
-
-
13.7
0.3
3.3
-
217
Hyundai
245
-
-
6.5
0.3
1.8
-
237
Jaguar Land Rover
332
-
-
23.2
-
8.2
-
301
Kia
260
-
-
10.8
0.8
2.4
-
246
Mazda
235
-
-
-
-
-
0.3
235
Mercedes
306
-
-
12.3
1.1
1.7
-
291
Nissan-Mitsubishi
256
-
-
7.7
1.2
2.9
0.0
244
Subaru
242
-
-
10.6
-
0.5
-
231
Tesla
0
-
-
7.3
252.0
6.5
-
-266
Toyota
276
-
-
10.3
1.3
5.4
0.1
259
VW
266
-
-
10.0
1.0
3.4
0.0
252
Volvo
273
-
-
11.6
2.1
4.7
-
254
All Manufacturers
283
-
-
13.7
2.0
5.1
0.2
263
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
30
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.6
Industry Performance by Model Year, All (g/mi)
Model Year
2-Cyde
Tailpipe
Credits
ch4 & n2o
Deficit
Performance
Value
FFV
TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Off-Cycle
2012
302
8.1
0.6
6.1
-
0.9
0.2
287
2013
294
7.8
0.5
6.9
-
1.0
0.3
278
2014
294
8.9
0.2
8.4
-
2.8
0.2
274
2015
286
6.4
0.3
9.4
-
2.9
0.2
267
2016
285
-
-
10.1
-
3.1
0.1
271
2017
283
-
-
13.7
2.0
5.1
0.2
263
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
31
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.7
Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, Car (g/mi)
Manufacturer
2-Cycle
Tailpipe
Credits
ch4 & n2o
Deficit
Performance
Value
FFV
TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Off-Cycle
BMW
251
-
-
18.4
6.7
3.5
0.1
223
BYD Motors
0
-
-
-
226.2
-
-
-226
FCA
291
-
-
16.7
3.4
3.4
0.0
267
Ford
259
-
-
15.0
2.5
4.7
0.2
237
GM
239
-
-
12.9
7.8
5.3
0.0
213
Honda
209
-
-
10.5
0.5
2.0
-
196
Hyundai
238
-
-
6.4
0.3
1.5
-
230
Jaguar Land Rover
291
-
-
18.8
-
5.6
-
267
Kia
232
-
-
10.3
1.2
2.0
-
219
Mazda
222
-
-
-
-
-
0.2
222
Mercedes
269
-
-
11.0
1.9
1.1
-
255
Nissan-Mitsubishi
225
-
-
6.9
1.9
2.0
0.1
214
Subaru
243
-
-
6.9
-
0.5
-
236
Tesla
0
-
-
7.3
252.0
6.5
-
-266
Toyota
222
-
-
7.6
2.8
3.6
0.1
208
VW
246
-
-
9.0
1.1
2.4
0.0
234
Volvo
249
-
-
9.4
-
3.4
-
236
All Manufacturers
235
-
-
10.1
3.9
3.0
0.0
218
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
32
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.8
Industry Performance by Model Year, Car (g/mi)
Model Year
2-Cycle
Tailpipe
Credits
ch4 & n2o
Deficit
Performance
Value
FFV
TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Off-Cycle
2012
259
4.0
0.2
5.4
-
0.5
0.1
249
2013
251
4.0
0.1
6.3
-
0.7
0.3
240
2014
250
4.6
0.1
7.5
-
1.8
0.3
236
2015
243
3.1
0.0
8.0
-
2.0
0.1
230
2016
240
-
-
8.6
-
1.9
0.1
230
2017
235
-
-
10.1
3.9
3.0
0.0
218
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
33
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2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.9
Manufacturer Performance in Model Year 2017, Truck (g/mi)
Manufacturer
2-Cyde
Tailpipe
Credits
ch4 & n2o
Deficit
Performance
Value
FFV
TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Off-Cycle
BMW
310
-
-
22.3
3.2
6.8
0.3
278
FCA
347
-
-
21.7
0.3
9.8
0.1
315
Ford
348
-
-
18.0
-
9.4
1.2
322
GM
362
-
-
21.2
-
7.7
0.1
333
Honda
278
-
-
19.2
-
5.5
-
253
Hyundai
339
-
-
7.0
-
5.3
-
327
Jaguar Land Rover
343
-
-
24.4
-
00
CO
-
310
Kia
323
-
-
11.8
-
3.2
-
308
Mazda
262
-
-
-
-
-
0.6
263
Mercedes
349
-
-
13.8
0.1
2.4
-
333
Nissan-Mitsubishi
308
-
-
9.1
-
4.5
-
294
Subaru
242
-
-
11.7
-
0.5
-
230
Toyota
325
-
-
12.7
-
7.1
0.1
305
VW
321
-
-
12.8
0.8
6.1
-
301
Volvo
287
-
-
12.8
3.4
5.6
-
265
All Manufacturers
330
-
-
17.1
0.1
7.1
0.3
306
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
34
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2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.10
Industry Performance by Model Year, Truck (g/mi)
Model Year
2-Cycle
Tailpipe
Credits
ch4 & n2o
Deficit
Performance
Value
FFV
TLAAS
A/C
ATVs
Off-Cycle
2012
369
14.5
1.3
7.3
-
1.5
0.3
346
2013
360
13.8
1.1
7.9
-
1.6
0.3
337
2014
349
14.3
0.3
9.7
-
4.1
0.1
321
2015
336
10.2
0.6
11.0
-
4.1
0.2
311
2016
332
-
-
11.8
-
4.5
0.2
316
2017
330
-
-
17.1
0.1
7.1
0.3
306
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
35
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2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.11
Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, All
Manufacturer
Performance
Value (g/mi)
Standard
(g/mi)
Net
Compliance
(g/mi)
Production
Credit Surplus/
Shortfall (Mg)
BMW
242
243
-1
335,931
74,068
BYD Motors
-226
226
-452
6
530
FCA
307
285
22
1,919,705
-9,475,132
Ford
286
272
14
2,209,104
-6,740,859
GM
285
277
8
2,792,390
-4,592,921
Honda
217
240
-23
1,624,754
7,571,997
Hyundai
237
223
13
943,992
-2,497,514
Jaguar Land Rover
301
278
23
122,586
-611,459
Kia
246
237
9
610,909
-1,069,577
Mazda
235
233
2
256,948
-129,889
Mercedes
291
257
34
344,679
-2,418,050
Nissan-Mitsubishi
244
243
1
1,812,184
-504,236
Subaru
231
247
-16
679,672
2,364,325
Tesla
-266
252
-518
46,979
4,749,578
Toyota
259
255
4
2,566,856
-2,247,660
VW
252
232
20
660,189
-2,700,414
Volvo
254
270
-16
79,845
273,453
All Manufacturers
263
258
5
17,006,729
-17,953,760
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
36
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.12
Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, All
Model
Year
Performance
Value (g/mi)
Standard
(g/mi)
Net
Compliance
(g/mi)
Production
Credit Surplus/
Shortfall (Mg)
Credit
Expiration
2009
-
-
-
-
98,520,511
2014
2010
-
-
-
-
96,699,987
2021
2011
-
-
-
-
38,509,271
2021
2012
287
299
-12
13,445,040
32,913,828
2021
2013
278
292
-14
15,197,270
42,335,732
2021
2014
274
287
-13
15,510,206
41,372,314
2021
2015
267
274
-7
16,735,765
23,665,204
2021
2016
271
263
9
16,276,424
-29,929,366
2021
2017
263
258
5
17,006,729
-17,953,760
2022
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
37
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.13
Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, Car
Manufacturer
Performance
Value (g/mi)
Standard
(g/mi)
Net
Compliance
(g/mi)
Credit Surplus/
Production Shortfall (Mg)
BMW
223
221
2
228,971
-69,208
BYD Motors
-226
226
-452
6
530
FCA
267
225
42
371,476
-3,079,993
Ford
237
222
15
1,013,712
-2,980,308
GM
213
221
-8
1,218,645
1,894,311
Honda
196
217
-21
1,081,564
4,421,704
Hyundai
230
219
11
885,043
-1,849,061
Jaguar Land Rover
267
244
23
27,798
-122,883
Kia
219
218
1
442,327
-44,211
Mazda
222
216
6
182,534
-220,221
Mercedes
255
229
26
198,665
-1,010,089
Nissan-Mitsubishi
214
217
-3
1,201,340
653,252
Subaru
236
213
23
181,917
-805,157
Tesla
-266
252
-518
46,979
4,749,578
Toyota
208
216
-8
1,322,377
2,033,559
VW
234
213
21
498,271
-1,994,880
Volvo
236
241
-5
32,690
30,969
All Manufacturers
218
219
-1
8,934,315
1,607,892
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
38
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2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.14
Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, Car
Model
Year
Performance
Value (g/mi)
Standard
(g/mi)
Net
Compliance
(g/mi)
Production
Credit Surplus/
Shortfall (Mg)
Credit
Expiration
2009
-
-
-
-
58,017,205
2014
2010
-
-
-
-
50,742,636
2021
2011
-
-
-
-
8,678,660
2021
2012
249
267
-18
8,655,883
30,438,750
2021
2013
240
261
-21
9,744,776
39,210,720
2021
2014
236
253
-16
9,205,220
29,279,630
2021
2015
230
241
-11
9,597,304
21,260,234
2021
2016
230
231
-1
8,998,957
2,210,184
2021
2017
218
219
-1
8,934,315
1,607,892
2022
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
39
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.15
Credits Earned by Manufacturers in Model Year 2017, Truck
Manufacturer
Performance
Value (g/mi)
Standard
(g/mi)
Net
Compliance
(g/mi)
Production
Credit Surplus/
Shortfall (Mg)
BMW
278
284
-6
106,960
143,276
FCA
315
297
18
1,548,229
-6,395,139
Ford
322
308
14
1,195,392
-3,760,551
GM
333
315
18
1,573,745
-6,487,232
Honda
253
279
-26
543,190
3,150,293
Hyundai
327
278
49
58,949
-648,453
Jaguar Land Rover
310
287
23
94,788
-488,576
Kia
308
281
27
168,582
-1,025,366
Mazda
263
268
-5
74,414
90,332
Mercedes
333
290
43
146,014
-1,407,961
Nissan-Mitsubishi
294
286
8
610,844
-1,157,488
Subaru
230
258
-28
497,755
3,169,482
Toyota
305
290
15
1,244,479
-4,281,219
VW
301
282
19
161,918
-705,534
Volvo
265
288
-23
47,155
242,484
All Manufacturers
306
295
11
8,072,414
-19,561,652
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
40
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.16
Total Credits Earned in Model Years 2009-2017, Truck
Model
Year
Performance
Value (g/mi)
Standard
(g/mi)
Net
Compliance
(g/mi)
Production
Credit Surplus/
Shortfall (Mg)
Credit
Expiration
2009
-
-
-
-
40,503,306
2014
2010
-
-
-
-
45,957,351
2021
2011
-
-
-
-
29,830,611
2021
2012
346
349
-2
4,789,157
2,475,078
2021
2013
337
339
-3
5,452,494
3,125,012
2021
2014
321
330
-8
6,304,986
12,092,684
2021
2015
311
312
-1
7,138,461
2,404,970
2021
2016
316
297
20
7,277,467
-32,139,550
2021
2017
306
295
11
8,072,414
-19,561,652
2022
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
41
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.17
Final Credit Balance by Manufacturer for Model Year 2017 (Mg)
Early Credits
Credits
Credits
Final 2017
Earned
Earned
Credits
Credits
Credits
Purchased or
Credit
Manufacturer
2009-2011
2012-2016
Earned 2017
Expired
Forfeited
Sold
Balance
BMW
1,251,522
85,611
74,068
-134,791
-
4,000,000
5,276,410
BYD Motors
-
4,871
530
-
-
-
5,401
Coda
-
7,251
-
-
-
-7,251
-
FCA
10,827,083
-13,720,576
-9,475,132
-
-
32,675,990
20,307,365
Ford
16,116,453
12,770,167
-6,740,859
-5,882,011
-
-
16,263,750
GM
25,510,557
1,090,478
-4,592,921
-6,933,126
-
7,251
15,082,239
Honda
35,842,334
36,976,814
7,571,997
-14,133,353
-
-28,444,401
37,813,391
Hyundai
14,007,495
11,228,473
-2,497,514
-4,482,649
-169,775
-
18,086,030
Jaguar Land Rover
-
-2,258,202
-611,459
-
-
2,294,494
-575,167
Karma Automotive
-
58,852
-
-
-
-
58,852
Kia
10,444,192
-1,945,739
-1,069,577
-2,362,882
-123,956
-
4,942,038
Mazda
5,482,642
5,282,826
-129,889
-1,340,917
-
-
9,294,662
Mercedes
378,272
-3,586,064
-2,418,050
-
-28,416
6,227,713
573,455
Nissan-Mitsubishi
19,580,536
21,305,077
-504,236
-8,773,270
-
-3,539,063
28,069,044
Porsche
-
426,439
-
-
-426,439
-
-
Subaru
5,755,171
9,237,767
2,364,325
-491,789
-
-
16,865,474
Suzuki
876,650
-183,097
-
-265,311
-
-
428,242
Tesla
49,772
6,038,569
4,749,578
-
-
-8,452,302
2,385,617
Toyota
80,435,498
30,713,921
-2,247,660
-29,732,098
-
-7,762,431
71,407,230
Volkswagen
6,441,405
-2,521,484
-2,700,414
-1,442,571
-
3,000,000
2,776,936
Volvo
730,187
-654,242
273,453
-
-85,163
-
264,235
All Manufacturers
233,729,769
110,357,712
-17,953,760
-75,974,768
-833,749
-
249,325,204
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
42
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2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Section 5 Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Table 5.18
Distribution of Credits by Expiration Date (Mg)
Final 2017
Credits
Credits
Deficit
Deficit
Credit
Expiring in
Expiring in
Carried
Carried
Manufacturer
Balance
2021
2022
1 year
2 years
BMW
5,276,410
3,133,134
2,143,276
-
-
BYD Motors
5,401
4,871
530
-
-
FCA
20,307,365
17,942,828
2,363,961
-
-
Ford
16,263,750
16,263,730
-
-
-
GM
15,082,239
13,187,928
1,894,311
-
-
Honda
37,813,391
32,241,394
5,571,997
-
-
Hyundai
18,086,030
18,086,030
-
-
-
Jaguar Land Rover
-575,167
-
-
-575,167
-
Karma Automotive
58,852
58,852
-
-
-
Kia
4,942,038
4,942,038
-
-
-
Mazda
9,294,662
9,204,330
90,332
-
-
Mercedes
573,455
573,455
-
-
Nissan-Mitsubishi
28,069,044
27,415,792
653,252
-
-
Subaru
16,865,474
13,695,992
3,169,482
-
-
Suzuki
428,242
428,242
-
-
-
Tesla
2,385,617
-
2,385,617
-
-
Toyota
71,407,230
69,373,671
2,033,559
-
-
Volkswagen
2,776,936
2,776,936
-
-
-
Volvo
264,235
-
264,235
-
-
All Manufacturers
249,325,204
229,329,819
20,570,552
-575,167
-
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
43
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2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Appendix Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Appendix Table A.l
Comparison of Preliminary and Final Real-World Fuel
Economy Values (mpg)
Preliminary
Final Minus
Model Year
Value
Final Value
Preliminary
2011
22.8
22.3
-0.5
2012
23.8
23.6
-0.2
2013
24.0
24.2
0.2
2014
24.2
24.1
-0.1
2015
24.7
24.6
-0.2
2016
25.6
24.7
-0.9
2017
25.2
24.9
-0.3
2018 (prelim)
25.4
-
-
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
44
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2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Appendix Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Appendix Table C.l
Fuel Economy Metrics for the Model Year 2017 Toyota Prius Eco
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
City/Highway
Fuel Economy Metric Purpose Weighting Test Basis
Fuel Economy Value (MPG)
Combined
City/Hwy City Hwy
2-cycle Test
(unadjusted)
Label
Estimated Real-World
Basis for manufacturer
compliance with 55%/45% 2-cycle
standards
Consumer information to
compare individual 55%/45% 5-cycle
vehicles
Best estimate of real-
43%/57% 5-cycle
world performance
81 84 78
56 58 53
55 58 53
45
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2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Appendix Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Appendix Table E.l
Model Year 2018 Alternative Fuel Vehicle Powertrain and Range
Manufacturer
Model
Fuel or
Powertrain
Alternative Fuel
Range (miles)*
Total Range
(miles)
Utility
Factor
BMW
13 (94Ah)
EV
114
114
-
BMW
13s (94Ah)
EV
107
107
-
BYD Motors
e6
EV
187
187
-
FCA
500e
EV
84
84
-
Ford
Focus
EV
115
115
-
GM
Bolt
EV
238
238
-
Honda
Clarity
EV
89
89
-
Hyundai
loniq
EV
124
124
-
Kia
Soul
EV
111
111
-
Mercedes
Smart Fortwo Convertible
EV
57
57
-
Mercedes
Smart Fortwo Coupe
EV
58
58
-
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Leaf
EV
151
151
-
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range
EV
310
310
-
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range AWD
EV
310
310
-
Tesla
Model S 100D
EV
335
335
-
Tesla
Model S75D
EV
259
259
-
Tesla
Model S75kWh
EV
249
249
-
Tesla
Model S P100D
EV
315
315
-
Tesla
Model X 100D
EV
295
295
-
Tesla
Model X75D
EV
238
238
-
Tesla
Model X P100D
EV
289
289
-
VW
e-Golf
EV
125
125
-
Honda
Clarity
FCV
366
366
-
Toyota
Mirai
FCV
312
312
-
BMW
330e
PHEV
14
350
0.36
BMW
530e
PHEV
16
370
0.39
BMW
530e xDrive
PHEV
15
360
0.37
BMW
740e xDrive
PHEV
14
340
0.36
BMW
13 (94Ah)
PHEV
97
180
0.89
BMW
13s (94Ah)
PHEV
97
180
0.89
BMW
Mini Cooper
PHEV
12
270
0.32
BMW
X5 xDrive40e
PHEV
14
540
0.35
FCA
Pacifica
PHEV
33
570
0.62
Ford
Fusion
PHEV
21
610
0.48
GM
CT6
PHEV
31
430
0.59
GM
Volt
PHEV
53
420
0.76
Honda
Clarity
PHEV
48
340
0.73
Hyundai
loniq
PHEV
29
630
0.57
Hyundai
Sonata
PHEV
28
600
0.56
Karma
Revero
PHEV
37
240
0.65
Kia
Niro
PHEV
26
560
0.54
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
46
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&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Appendix Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Kia
Optima
PHEV
29
610
0.57
Mercedes
C 350e
PHEV
9
410
0.30
Mercedes
GLC 350e 4MATIC
PHEV
10
350
0.33
Mercedes
GLE 550e 4MATIC
PHEV
10
460
0.31
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Outlander
PHEV
22
310
0.49
Toyota
Prius Prime
PHEV
25
640
0.53
Volvo
S90 AWD
PHEV
21
410
0.48
Volvo
XC60 AWD
PHEV
18
370
0.42
Volvo
XC90 AWD
PHEV
19
380
0.44
VW
A3 e-tron
PHEV
16
400
0.39
VW
Cayenne S
PHEV
14
490
0.36
VW
Panamera 4
PHEV
16
480
0.38
VW
Panamera Turbo S
PHEV
14
450
0.35
: Many PHEVs are capable of operating in blended mode and may use some gasoline to achieve the given alternative fuel range.
47
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v>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
2018 Automotive Trends Report
Appendix Tables
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Appendix Table E.2
Model Year 2018 Alternative Fuel Vehicle Fuel Economy Label Metrics
Manufacturer
Model
Fuel or
Powertrain
Charge Depleting
Charge
Sustaining
Overall Fuel
Economy
{mpge)
Electricity
{kW-hrs/
100 miles)
Gasoline
(gallons/
100 miles)
Fuel
Economy
{mpge)
Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
BMW
13 (94Ah)
EV
29
118
N/A
118
BMW
13s (94Ah)
EV
30
112
N/A
112
BYD Motors
e6
EV
47
72
N/A
72
FCA
500e
EV
30
112
N/A
112
Ford
Focus
EV
31
107
N/A
107
GM
Bolt
EV
28
119
N/A
119
Honda
Clarity
EV
30
114
N/A
114
Hyundai
loniq
EV
25
136
N/A
136
Kia
Soul
EV
31
108
N/A
108
Mercedes
Smart Fortwo Convertible
EV
33
102
N/A
102
Mercedes
Smart Fortwo Coupe
EV
31
108
N/A
108
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Leaf
EV
30
112
N/A
112
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range
EV
26
130
N/A
130
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range AWD
EV
29
116
N/A
116
Tesla
Model S 100D
EV
33
102
N/A
102
Tesla
Model S 75D
EV
33
103
N/A
103
Tesla
Model S 75kWh
EV
34
98
N/A
98
Tesla
Model S P100D
EV
35
98
N/A
98
Tesla
Model X 100D
EV
39
87
N/A
87
Tesla
Model X75D
EV
36
93
N/A
93
Tesla
Model X P100D
EV
40
85
N/A
85
VW
e-Golf
EV
28
119
N/A
119
Honda
Clarity
FCV
67
68
N/A
68
Toyota
Mirai
FCV
66
67
N/A
67
BMW
330e
PHEV
47
0.0
71
30
38
BMW
530e
PHEV
46
0.0
72
29
37
BMW
530e xDrive
PHEV
49
0.0
67
28
36
BMW
740e xDrive
PHEV
52
0.0
64
27
33
BMW
13 (94Ah)
PHEV
31
0.0
109
35
87
BMW
13s (94Ah)
PHEV
31
0.0
109
35
87
BMW
Mini Cooper
PHEV
51
0.0
65
27
33
BMW
X5 xDrive40e
PHEV
59
0.0
56
24
29
FCA
Pacifica
PHEV
40
0.0
84
32
52
Ford
Fusion
PHEV
35
0.0
97
42
57
GM
CT6
PHEV
54
0.0
62
25
39
GM
Volt
PHEV
31
0.0
106
42
77
Honda
Clarity
PHEV
31
0.0
110
42
76
Hyundai
loniq
PHEV
28
0.0
119
52
76
Hyundai
Sonata
PHEV
34
0.0
99
39
59
Karma
Revero
PHEV
56
0.0
60
20
35
Kia
Niro
PHEV
32
0.0
105
46
66
Kia
Optima
PHEV
33
0.0
103
40
61
Mercedes
C 350e
PHEV
56
0.2
51
30
34
Mercedes
GLC 350e
PHEV
59
0.0
74
25
32
Mercedes
GLE 550e
PHEV
69
0.3
43
21
25
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Outlander
PHEV
45
0.0
74
25
37
Toyota
Prius Prime
PHEV
25
0.0
133
54
78
Volvo
S90 AWD
PHEV
45
0.1
71
29
41
Volvo
XC60 AWD
PHEV
53
0.1
59
26
34
Volvo
XC90 AWD
PHEV
50
0.1
62
27
36
VW
A3 e-tron
PHEV
41
0.0
83
36
46
VW
Cayenne S
PHEV
70
0.0
47
22
27
VW
Panamera 4
PHEV
59
0.4
46
22
27
VW
Panamera Turbo S
PHEV
67
0.0
49
21
26
48
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Appendix Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Appendix Table E.3
Model Year 2018 EV and PHEV Label Tailpipe C02 Emissions Metrics
*>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Fuel or
Tailpipe C02
Manufacturer
Model
Powertrain
(g/mile)
BMW
13 (94Ah)
EV
0
BMW
13s (94Ah)
EV
0
BYD Motors
e6
EV
0
FCA
500e
EV
0
Ford
Focus
EV
0
GM
Bolt
EV
0
Honda
Clarity
EV
0
Hyundai
loniq
EV
0
Kia
Soul
EV
0
Mercedes
Smart Fortwo Convertible
EV
0
Mercedes
Smart Fortwo Coupe
EV
0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Leaf
EV
0
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range
EV
0
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range AWD
EV
0
Tesla
Model S 100D
EV
0
Tesla
Model S75D
EV
0
Tesla
Model S75kWh
EV
0
Tesla
Model S P100D
EV
0
Tesla
Model X100D
EV
0
Tesla
Model X75D
EV
0
Tesla
Model XP100D
EV
0
VW
e-Golf
EV
0
Honda
Clarity
FCV
0
Toyota
Mirai
FCV
0
BMW
330e
PHEV
189
BMW
530e
PHEV
193
BMW
530e xDrive
PHEV
200
BMW
740e xDrive
PHEV
214
BMW
13 (94Ah)
PHEV
29
BMW
13s (94Ah)
PHEV
29
BMW
Mini CooperSE
PHEV
223
BMW
X5 xDrive40e
PHEV
248
FCA
Pacifica
PHEV
106
Ford
Fusion
PHEV
112
GM
CT6
PHEV
144
GM
Volt
PHEV
51
Honda
Clarity
PHEV
57
Hyundai
loniq
PHEV
75
Hyundai
Sonata
PHEV
100
Karma
Revero
PHEV
151
Kia
Niro
PHEV
90
Kia
Optima
PHEV
97
Mercedes
C 350e
PHEV
215
Mercedes
GLC 350e 4MATIC
PHEV
235
Mercedes
GLE 550e 4MATIC
PHEV
296
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Outlander
PHEV
174
Toyota
Prius Prime
PHEV
78
Volvo
S90 AWD
PHEV
161
Volvo
XC60 AWD
PHEV
199
Volvo
XC90 AWD
PHEV
187
VW
A3 e-tron
PHEV
150
VW
Cayenne S
PHEV
261
VW
Panamera 4
PHEV
260
VW
Panamera Turbo S
PHEV
281
49
-------
2018 Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Appendix Tables EPA-420-R-19-002
March 2019
Appendix Table E.4
Model Year 2018 EV and PHEV Upstream C02 Emission Metrics (g/mi)
*>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Manufacturer
Model
Fuel or
Powertrain
Tailpipe + Total Upstream C02
Tailpipe + Net Upstream C02
Low
Avg.
High
Low
Avg.
High
BMW
13 (94Ah)
EV
79
144
227
18
84
166
BMW
13s (94Ah)
EV
82
149
235
20
88
173
BYD Motors
e6
EV
128
234
368
61
167
301
FCA
500e
EV
82
149
235
24
92
177
Ford
Focus
EV
85
154
243
23
92
181
GM
Bolt
EV
76
139
219
17
80
160
Honda
Clarity
EV
82
149
235
16
84
169
Hyundai
loniq
EV
68
125
196
5
61
132
Kia
Soul
EV
85
154
243
23
93
181
Mercedes
Smart Fortwo Convertible
EV
90
164
258
32
107
201
Mercedes
Smart Fortwo Coupe
EV
85
154
243
27
97
185
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Leaf
EV
82
149
235
19
87
172
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range
EV
71
129
204
2
61
135
Tesla
Model 3 Long Range AWD
EV
79
144
227
10
76
158
Tesla
Model S100D
EV
90
164
258
15
89
183
Tesla
Model S75D
EV
90
164
258
15
89
183
Tesla
Model S75kWh
EV
93
169
266
18
94
191
Tesla
Model S P100D
EV
96
174
274
21
99
199
Tesla
Model X100D
EV
106
194
305
30
118
229
Tesla
Model X75D
EV
98
179
282
22
103
205
Tesla
Model XP100D
EV
109
199
313
33
123
237
VW
e-Golf
EV
76
139
219
16
79
158
BMW
330e
PHEV
282
320
368
211
249
297
BMW
530e
PHEV
290
330
381
214
254
305
BMW
530e xDrive
PHEV
300
341
393
223
264
316
BMW
740e xDrive
PHEV
319
361
415
237
279
333
BMW
13 (94Ah)
PHEV
111
173
252
50
112
190
BMW
13s (94Ah)
PHEV
111
173
252
49
111
190
BMW
Mini CooperSE
PHEV
324
361
407
248
284
331
BMW
X5 xDrive40e
PHEV
366
411
469
273
319
377
FCA
Pacifica
PHEV
200
255
326
114
170
240
Ford
Fusion
PHEV
186
223
271
125
163
210
GM
CT6
PHEV
267
339
430
186
258
349
GM
Volt
PHEV
128
181
248
67
120
188
Honda
Clarity
PHEV
133
184
249
71
122
186
Hyundai
loniq
PHEV
137
174
219
82
118
164
Hyundai
Sonata
PHEV
177
220
275
114
157
212
Karma
Revero
PHEV
289
371
475
202
284
388
Kia
Niro
PHEV
160
199
248
103
141
191
Kia
Optima
PHEV
173
215
269
110
152
206
Mercedes
C 350e
PHEV
314
352
400
241
278
326
Mercedes
GLC 350e 4MATIC
PHEV
347
391
447
261
305
361
Mercedes
GLE 550e 4MATIC
PHEV
428
476
536
327
375
436
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Outlander
PHEV
277
327
389
197
246
309
Toyota
Prius Prime
PHEV
134
163
201
81
111
148
Volvo
S90 AWD
PHEV
260
308
369
185
234
295
Volvo
XC60 AWD
PHEV
309
359
423
226
275
339
Volvo
XC90 AWD
PHEV
293
343
405
207
257
319
VW
A3 e-tron
PHEV
231
268
314
171
207
253
VW
Cayenne S
PHEV
396
453
525
299
356
428
VW
Panamera 4
PHEV
387
438
502
294
345
409
VW
Panamera Turbo S
PHEV
415
467
534
319
372
438
Average Car
366
366
366
293
293
293
50
-------
Supplemental Tables
Supplemental Table A: Vehicles with Lowest and Highest 2-Cycle Fuel Economy
by Model Year
Supplemental Table B: Production-Weighted Percent Distribution of Estimated Real-World
Fuel Economy (MPG)
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by
Vehicle Type
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
and Weight Class
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
and Drive Type
Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle
Type and Transmission
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle
Type and Cylinder Count
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type,
Engine Type, and Valves
Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type,
and Inertia Weight
Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by
Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
-------
^EPA
UftrtCXt Sli»!«S
Environmenl.31 Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table A: Vehicles with Lowest and Highest 2-Cycle Fuel Economy by Model Year
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
iVIiinu fncturer
Model Nil me
Vehicle Type
Inertia
Weight
Drive
Triinsmission
Gears
Fuel
Delivery
HP
CID
2-Cvcle h'uel ICconomy
(MPG)*
City
1 Iwv
Comh
Low
Car
1975
GM
TORONADO
Sedan/Wagon
5500
Front
Automatic
Carb
175
455
8.5
12.1
9.8
Low
Car
1976
Jaguar Land Rover
JENSEN
Sedan/Wagon
4500
Rear
Automatic
3
Carb
250
440
8.6
12.8
10.1
Low
Car
1977
BMW
ROLLS ROYCE/
Sedan/Wagon
5500
Rear
Automatic
Carb
170
412
8.7
11.4
9.7
Low
Car
1978
FCA
MONACO
Sedan/Wagon
5000
Rear
Automatic
3
Carb
240
440
8.3
11.2
9.4
Low
Car
1979
Aston Martin
ASTON MARTIN V8
Sedan/Wagon
4500
Rear
Manual
5
Carb
60
326
7.6
12.4
9.2
Low
Car
1980
Aston Martin
79 ASTON MARTIN
Sedan/Wagon
4500
Rear
Manual
5
Carb
275
326
7.6
12.4
9.2
Low
Car
1981
BMW
CAMARGUE
Sedan/Wagon
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
Port
170
412
8.9
12.2
10.1
Low
Car
1981
BMW
CORNICHE
Sedan/Wagon
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
Port
170
412
8.9
12.2
10.1
Low
Car
1982
FCA
QUATTROPORTE
Sedan/Wagon
5000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
288
301
8.5
12.6
9.9
Low
Car
1983
FCA
QUATTRO PORTE
Sedan/Wagon
5000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
288
301
8.5
12.6
9.9
Low
Car
1984
FCA
QUATTROPORTE
Sedan/Wagon
5000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
288
301
8.5
12.6
9.9
Low
Car
1985
FCA
QUATTROPORTE
Sedan/Wagon
5000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
288
301
8.5
12.6
9.9
Low
Car
1986
vw
COUNTACH
Sedan/Wagon
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
420
315
6.8
13.4
8.7
Low
Car
1987
vw
COUNTACH
Sedan/Wagon
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
420
315
6.8
13.4
8.7
Low
Car
1988
vw
COUNTACH
Sedan/Wagon
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
420
315
6.8
13.4
8.7
Low
Car
1989
vw
COUNTACH
Sedan/Wagon
3500
Rear
Manual
5
TBI
420
315
6.8
13.4
8.7
Low
Car
1990
Aston Martin
LAG
Sedan/Wagon
5000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Port
240
326
9.3
13.9
10.9
Low
Car
1991
Vector
VECTOR W8
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Automatic
3
Port
450
365
8.2
13.7
10
Low
Car
1992
Vector
VECTOR W8
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Automatic
3
Port
450
365
8.2
13.7
10
Low
Car
1993
Vector
VECTOR W8
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Automatic
3
Port
450
365
8.2
13.7
10
Low
Car
1994
VW
DB132/DIABLO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Manual
5
Port
492
348
10.4
18.1
12.8
Low
Car
1995
FCA
FERRARI F50
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Rear
Manual
6
Port
510
287
8.4
14.1
10.3
Low
Car
1996
VW
AVTECH SC - M12
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Manual
5
Port
492
348
9.9
16.2
12
Low
Car
1997
vw
DB132-144 - DIABLO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Manual
5
Port
492
348
10.2
18.1
12.7
Low
Car
1998
Ferrari
FERRARI 550 MARANELLO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Manual
6
Port
475
334
10.1
18.9
12.8
Low
Car
1999
FCA
FERRARI 550 MARANELLO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Manual
6
Port
475
334
10
18
12.5
Low
Car
2000
FCA
FERRARI 550 MARANELLO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Manual
6
Port
475
334
9.4
16.7
11.7
Low
Car
2001
FCA
FERRARI 550 MARANELLO-BARCHE
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Manual
6
Port
475
334
9.4
16.7
11.7
Low
Car
2002
VW
L-147 MURCIELAGO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Manual
6
Port
580
378
10.1
16.3
12.2
Low
Car
2003
FCA
ENZO FERRARI
Sedan/Wagon
3500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
6
Port
646
366
8.4
15.8
10.7
Low
Car
2004
VW
L-147-148 MURCIELAGO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Manual
6
Port
580
378
10.1
17.1
12.4
Low
Car
2005
vw
L-147-148 MURCIELAGO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Manual
6
Port
580
378
10.1
17.1
12.4
Low
Car
2006
vw
VEYRON
Sedan/Wagon
4500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
6
Port
1001
488
9.4
18.9
12.1
Low
Car
2007
vw
L-147-148 MURCIELAGO
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Manual
6
Port
631
396
10.1
17.5
12.5
Low
Car
2008
vw
VEYRON
Sedan/Wagon
4500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
6
Port
1001
488
9.5
17.8
12
Low
Car
2009
vw
MURCIELAGO ROADSTER
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Manual
6
Port
631
396
10.1
17.5
12.5
Low
Car
2010
vw
Veyron
Sedan/Wagon
4500
4wd
Automatic
7
Port
1001
488
9.5
17.8
12
Low
Car
2011
Ferrari
Ferrari 612 SCAGLIETTI
Sedan/Wagon
4500
Rear
Automatic
6
Port
532
348
11.5
21.8
14.6
Low
Car
2012
VW
Veyron
Sedan/Wagon
4500
4wd
Automatic
7
Port
1200
488.01
10
17.9
12.5
Low
Car
2013
vw
Veyron
Sedan/Wagon
4500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
1200
488.01
10
17.9
12.5
Low
Car
2014
vw
Veyron
Sedan/Wagon
4500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
1200
488.01
10
17.9
12.5
Low
Car
2015
vw
Aventador Roadster
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
700
396.53
11.5
21.2
14.5
Low
Car
2016
vw
Aventador Roadster
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
700
396.53
12
23
15.3
Low
Car
2017
vw
Aventador Coupe LP740-4
Sedan/Wagon
4000
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
740
396.53
11.9
22.5
15.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
A-l
March 2019
-------
^EPA
UftrtCXt Sli»!«S
Environmenl.31 Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table A: Vehicles with Lowest and Highest 2-Cycle Fuel Economy by Model Year
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
iVIiinu fncturer
Model Nil me
Vehicle Type
Inertia
Weight
Drive
Triinsmission
Gears
Fuel
Delivery
HP
CID
2-Cvcle h'uel ICconomy
(MPG)*
City
1 Iwv
Comh
Low
Car
2018
VW
Chiron
Sedan/Wagon
4500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
1479
488.01
10.4
18.2
12.9
High
Car
1975
Honda
CIVIC CVCC
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Carb
52
90
28.2
42.3
33.2
High
Car
1976
Honda
CIVIC CVCC
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
3
Carb
60
91
31.6
42.8
35.8
High
Car
1977
Honda
CIVIC CVCC
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
Carb
60
91
39.7
51.6
44.3
High
Car
1978
VW
RABBIT
Sedan/Wagon
2250
Front
Manual
4
Diesel
48
90
39.1
52.2
44.1
High
Car
1979
VW
RABBIT
Sedan/Wagon
2250
Front
Manual
5
Diesel
48
90
40.8
54.6
46
High
Car
1980
VW
RABBIT
Sedan/Wagon
2250
Front
Manual
5
Diesel
48
90
41.9
56.5
47.4
High
Car
1981
VW
RABBIT
Sedan/Wagon
2250
Front
Manual
4
Diesel
52
97
42.1
58.2
48.1
High
Car
1982
VW
RABBIT
Sedan/Wagon
2250
Front
Manual
4
Diesel
52
97
45.4
57.8
50.2
High
Car
1983
Nissan-Mitsubishi
NISSAN SENTRA
Sedan/Wagon
2250
Front
Manual
4
Diesel
55
103
48.2
61.3
53.4
High
Car
1984
Honda
CIVIC COUPE
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Carb
60
82
50.8
65.7
56.5
High
Car
1985
GM
SPRINT
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
Carb
48
61
52.7
67.5
58.5
High
Car
1985
GM
FIREFLY
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
Carb
48
61
52.7
67.5
58.5
High
Car
1985
Suzuki
SA310
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
Carb
48
61
52.7
67.5
58.5
High
Car
1986
GM
SPRINT ER
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
Carb
46
61
61.5
76.4
67.4
High
Car
1987
GM
SPRINT ER
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
Carb
46
61
59.7
74.5
65.6
High
Car
1988
GM
SPRINT METRO
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
Carb
46
61
59.7
74.5
65.6
High
Car
1989
Honda
CIVIC CRX
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Port
62
91
55.2
70.6
61.2
High
Car
1990
GM
METRO XFI
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
TBI
49
61
59.1
74.8
65.3
High
Car
1991
GM
METRO XFI
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
TBI
55
61
59.1
74.7
65.3
High
Car
1992
GM
METRO XF
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
TBI
55
61
59.1
74.8
65.3
High
Car
1993
GM
METRO XF
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
TBI
55
61
59.1
74.8
65.3
High
Car
1994
GM
METRO XF
Sedan/Wagon
1750
Front
Manual
5
TBI
55
61
60
74.7
65.8
High
Car
1995
Honda
CIVIC HBVX
Sedan/Wagon
2250
Front
Manual
5
Port
91
91
51.7
72
59.2
High
Car
1996
Suzuki
SWIFT
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
TBI
55
61
49.5
63.1
54.8
High
Car
1997
GM
METRO
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
TBI
55
61
48.9
63.2
54.4
High
Car
1998
GM
METRO
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
TBI
55
60
47.5
63.5
53.6
High
Car
1999
VW
NEW J ETTA
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Front
Manual
5
Diesel
90
116
46.3
62.8
52.5
High
Car
1999
VW
NEW BEETLE
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Front
Manual
5
Diesel
90
116
46.3
62.8
52.5
High
Car
1999
VW
NEWGOLF
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Front
Manual
5
Diesel
90
116
46.3
62.8
52.5
High
Car
2000
Honda
INSIGHT
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Port
67
61
68.3
89.4
76.4
High
Car
2001
Honda
INSIGHT
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Port
67
61
67.7
88.1
75.6
High
Car
2002
Honda
INSIGHT
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Port
67
61
67.7
87.2
75.3
High
Car
2003
Honda
INSIGHT
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Port
67
61
67.4
87.2
75.1
High
Car
2004
Honda
INSIGHT
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Port
67
61
67.1
84.1
73.8
High
Car
2005
Honda
INSIGHT
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Port
73
61
67.7
84.4
74.3
High
Car
2006
Honda
INSIGHT
Sedan/Wagon
2000
Front
Manual
5
Port
73
61
67
84.2
73.8
High
Car
2007
Toyota
PRIUS
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Front
CVT
1
Port
76
91
66.6
64.8
65.8
High
Car
2008
Toyota
PRIUS
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Front
CVT
1
Port
76
91
66.6
64.8
65.8
High
Car
2009
Toyota
PRIUS
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Front
CVT
1
Port
76
91
66.6
64.8
65.8
High
Car
2010
Honda
FCX
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Front
Automatic with Lockup
1
FCV
130
84.9
86.8
85.7
High
Car
2011
BMW
1 Series Active E
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Rear
Automatic
1
Electric
168
152.5
137.7
145.5
High
Car
2012
Nissan-Mitsubishi
i-MiEV
Sedan/Wagon
2750
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
1
Electric
66
180.5
141
160.3
High
Car
2013
Toyota
iQ EV
Sedan/Wagon
2750
Front
CVT
1
Electric
63
197.6
149.7
172.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
A-2
March 2019
-------
^EPA
UftrtCXt Sli»!«S
Environmenl.31 Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table A: Vehicles with Lowest and Highest 2-Cycle Fuel Economy by Model Year
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
iVIiinu fncturer
Model Nil me
Vehicle Type
Inertia
Weight
Drive
Triinsmission
Gears
Fuel
Delivery
HP
CID
2-Cvcle h'uel ICconomy
(MPG)*
City
1 Iwv
Comh
High
Car
2014
BMW
13 BEV
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Rear
Automatic
1
Electric
168
196.4
159.1
177.7
High
Car
2015
BMW
13 BEV
Sedan/Wagon
3000
Rear
Automatic
1
Electric
168
196.4
159.1
177.7
High
Car
2016
GM
VOLT
Sedan/Wagon
4000
Front
CVT
1
GDI
100
91.536
283.2
126.2
181.5
High
Car
2017
Hyundai
loniq Electric
Sedan/Wagon
3500
Front
Automatic
1
Electric
118
224.8
182.7
203.7
High
Car
2018
Hyundai
loniq Electric
Sedan/Wagon
3500
Front
Automatic
1
Electric
118
224.8
182.7
203.7
Low
Truck
1975
Ford
FORD F-250
Pickup
5000
Rear
Automatic
Carb
150
360
8.4
10
9
Low
Truck
1976
GM
CHEV P20 STEP
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic
Carb
245
454
8.1
10.9
9.2
Low
Truck
1977
Toyota
LAND CRUISER WAG
Truck SUV
4500
Rear
Manual
Carb
125
258
8.2
11.4
9.4
Low
Truck
1978
GM
CHEVC20SUBN
Truck SUV
5500
Rear
Automatic
Carb
185
454
8.9
10.4
9.5
Low
Truck
1978
GM
GMC C2500 SUBN
Truck SUV
5500
Rear
Automatic
Carb
185
454
8.9
10.4
9.5
Low
Truck
1979
Ford
PICKUP
Pickup
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
Carb
270
460
9
9.9
9.4
Low
Truck
1980
GM
CABCHAS.
Pickup
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
155
350
9
11.3
9.9
Low
Truck
1981
FCA
B250 VAN CON VERS
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
Carb
170
360
9.9
12.9
11.1
Low
Truck
1982
GM
G30SPRTVN 2WD
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
165
350
10.6
13.9
11.9
Low
Truck
1982
GM
G30SPRTVN 2WD
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
165
350
10.6
13.9
11.9
Low
Truck
1982
GM
G35 SPRTVN 2WD
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
165
350
10.6
13.9
11.9
Low
Truck
1982
GM
G35 SPRTVN 2WD
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
3
Carb
165
350
10.6
13.9
11.9
Low
Truck
1983
Ford
E250 ECONOLINE 2
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
Carb
143
351
10.9
13.9
12.1
Low
Truck
1984
FCA
B350 WAGON 2WD
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
Carb
175
360
9.7
13.7
11.2
Low
Truck
1985
Ford
E250 ECONOLINE 2
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
Carb
154
351
10.6
12.3
11.3
Low
Truck
1986
FCA
B350 WAGON 2WD
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
Carb
170
360
10.9
14.3
12.2
Low
Truck
1987
FCA
AW150 RAMCHARGER
Truck SUV
5000
4wd
Automatic
3
Carb
175
360
10.3
14.4
11.8
Low
Truck
1988
FCA
W100/W150 PICKUP
Pickup
5000
4wd
Automatic
3
Carb
175
360
10.4
13.7
11.7
Low
Truck
1988
FCA
W250 PICKUP4WD
Pickup
5000
4wd
Automatic
3
Carb
175
360
10.4
13.7
11.7
Low
Truck
1989
FCA
B350 WAGON 2WD
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic
3
TBI
145
360
11
14.1
12.2
Low
Truck
1990
GM
C1500 P/U 2WD
Pickup
4500
Rear
Automatic
3
TBI
230
454
10.6
14.1
11.9
Low
Truck
1991
FCA
W250 PICKUP4WD
Pickup
5500
4wd
Manual
3
TBI
190
360
10.4
16.1
12.4
Low
Truck
1992
FCA
W250 PICKUP4WD
Pickup
5000
4wd
Manual
4
TBI
203
360
10.3
16.7
12.4
Low
Truck
1992
FCA
W250 PICKUP4WD
Pickup
5500
4wd
Manual
4
TBI
203
360
10.3
16.7
12.4
Low
Truck
1993
GM
C1500 P/U 2WD
Pickup
4500
Rear
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
TBI
255
454
10.6
15.8
12.5
Low
Truck
1994
FCA
B150/B250 WAGON
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
230
360
12.7
18.2
14.7
Low
Truck
1995
FCA
B3500 WAGON 2WD
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
230
360
12.5
18.7
14.7
Low
Truck
1996
FCA
RAM 1500 PICKUP 4WD
Pickup
5500
4wd
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
230
360
12.2
19.5
14.7
Low
Truck
1996
FCA
RAM 2500 PICKUP 4WD
Pickup
5500
4wd
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
230
360
12.2
19.5
14.7
Low
Truck
1997
FCA
B3500 WAGON 2WD
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
230
360
12.1
18.8
14.4
Low
Truck
1997
FCA
B3500 WAGON 2WD
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
230
360
12.1
18.8
14.4
Low
Truck
1998
FCA
RAM 1500 PICKUP 4WD
Pickup
6000
4wd
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
235
360
12.8
20.8
15.5
Low
Truck
1999
FCA
DURANG0 4WD
Truck SUV
5000
4wd
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
245
360
13
20.8
15.7
Low
Truck
1999
FCA
RAM 1500 PICKUP 4WD
Pickup
5000
4wd
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
245
360
13
20.8
15.7
Low
Truck
2000
FCA
RAM 1500 PICKUP 4WD
Pickup
6000
4wd
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
230
318
12.8
20.4
15.4
Low
Truck
2001
GM
K1500 SIERRA 4WD
Pickup
5500
4wd
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
300
364
12.4
18
14.4
Low
Truck
2002
FCA
RAM 1500 PICKUP 4WD
Pickup
5500
4wd
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
245
360
12.7
19.7
15.1
Low
Truck
2003
GM
G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN 2WD
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
300
364
10.7
18
13.1
Low
Truck
2004
GM
G1500-2500 SAVANA 2WD CARGO
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic w
th Lockup
4
Port
300
412
10.2
17.1
12.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
A-3
March 2019
-------
^EPA
UftrtCXt Sli»!«S
Environmenl.31 Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table A: Vehicles with Lowest and Highest 2-Cycle Fuel Economy by Model Year
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
iVIiinu fncturer
Model Nil me
Vehicle Type
Inertia
Weight
Drive
Triinsmission
Gears
Fuel
Delivery
HP
CID
2-Cvcle h'uel ICconomy
(MPG)*
City
1 Iwv
Comh
Low
Truck
2004
GM
G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN 2WD
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
300
412
10.2
17.1
12.5
Low
Truck
2005
FCA
RAM 1500 PICKUP 2WD
Pickup
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
500
505
10
15.7
12
Low
Truck
2006
FCA
RAM 1500 PICKUP 2WD
Pickup
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
500
505
10
15.7
12
Low
Truck
2007
Ford
STAGE3 F150 SUPERCREW4WD
Pickup
6500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
445
330
12.9
19.1
15.1
Low
Truck
2008
Mercedes
G55 AMG
Truck SUV
6000
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
5
Port
493
332
13.2
18.5
15.2
Low
Truck
2009
Mercedes
ML63AMG
Truck SUV
5500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
503
379
12.8
19.8
15.2
Low
Truck
2010
Mercedes
ML 63 AMG
Truck SUV
5500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
503
384
12.8
19.7
15.2
Low
Truck
2011
Ford
E150 Van Propane
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
330
7.9
9.2
8.4
Low
Truck
2011
Ford
E150 Wagon Propane
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
330
7.9
9.2
8.4
Low
Truck
2011
Ford
E250 Van Propane
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
330
7.9
9.2
8.4
Low
Truck
2011
Ford
E250 Van Propane
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
330
7.9
9.2
8.4
Low
Truck
2011
Ford
E350 Van Propane
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
330
7.9
9.2
8.4
Low
Truck
2011
Ford
E350 Wagon Propane
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
330
7.9
9.2
8.4
Low
Truck
2012
Ford
E150 Van Propane
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2012
Ford
E150 Wagon Propane
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2012
Ford
E250 Van Propane
Van
5500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2012
Ford
E250 Van Propane
Van
6000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2012
Ford
E350 Van Propane
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2012
Ford
E350 Wagon Propane
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2013
Ford
E150 Wagon Propane
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2013
Ford
E350 Wagon Propane
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2014
Ford
E150 Wagon Propane
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2014
Ford
E350 Wagon Propane
Van
6500
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
255
329.53
10.9
12.7
11.6
Low
Truck
2015
GM
G3500 EXPRESS 2WD PASS MDPV
Van
7000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
6
Port
324
366.14
12.6
20.6
15.3
Low
Truck
2015
GM
G3500 SAVANA 2WD PASS MDPV
Van
7000
Rear
Automatic with Lockup
6
Port
324
366.14
12.6
20.6
15.3
Low
Truck
2016
Mercedes
AMG G65
Truck SUV
6000
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
Port
621
364.92
13
18.6
15
Low
Truck
2017
Mercedes
G 550 4x4
Truck SUV
7000
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
GDI
416
243
12.9
16.3
14.2
Low
Truck
2018
Mercedes
G 550 4x4
Truck SUV
7000
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
7
GDI
416
243
12.9
16.3
14.2
High
Truck
1975
Nissan-Mitsubishi
PICKUP
Pickup
2750
Rear
Manual
Carb
107
119
20.4
31.7
24.3
High
Truck
1976
Ford
COURIER PICKUP
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
Carb
65
109
23.5
33.3
27
High
Truck
1977
Ford
COURIER CAB CHAS
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
Carb
67
110
27.8
39.8
32.2
High
Truck
1977
Ford
COURIER PICKUP
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
Carb
67
110
27.8
39.8
32.2
High
Truck
1977
Mazda
MAZDA B1800 PICK
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
Carb
67
110
27.8
39.8
32.2
High
Truck
1978
Ford
COURIER PICKUP
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
Carb
67
110
29.2
38.4
32.7
High
Truck
1978
Mazda
B1800 PICKUP
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
Carb
67
110
29.2
38.4
32.7
High
Truck
1978
Ford
COURIER CAB CHAS
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
Carb
67
110
29.2
38.4
32.7
High
Truck
1979
Ford
COURIER PICKUP
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
5
Carb
72
120
26.7
36.8
30.5
High
Truck
1979
Mazda
B2000 PICKUP
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
5
Carb
72
120
26.7
36.8
30.5
High
Truck
1980
VW
2WD
Pickup
2250
Front
Manual
5
Diesel
48
90
39.9
53.3
45
High
Truck
1981
VW
P/U 2WD
Pickup
2250
Front
Manual
5
Diesel
52
97
37.2
50.8
42.3
High
Truck
1982
VW
P/U 2WD
Pickup
2250
Front
Manual
4
Diesel
52
97
40.6
48
43.6
High
Truck
1983
VW
P/U 2WD
Pickup
2250
Front
Manual
4
Diesel
52
97
42
49.6
45.1
High
Truck
1984
GM
P'UPP/U 2WD
Pickup
2750
Rear
Manual
4
Diesel
62
137
38.4
49.1
42.6
High
Truck
1985
GM
P'UPP/U 2WD
Pickup
2750
Rear
Manual
4
Diesel
62
137
38.4
49.1
42.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
A-4
March 2019
-------
^EPA
UftrtCXt Sli»!«S
Environmenl.31 Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table A: Vehicles with Lowest and Highest 2-Cycle Fuel Economy by Model Year
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
iVIiinu fncturer
Model Nil me
Vehicle Type
Inertia
Weight
Drive
Triinsmission
Gears
Fuel
Delivery
HP
CID
2-Cvcle h'uel ICconomy
(MPG)*
City
1 Iwv
Comh
High
Truck
1986
GM
P'UP 2WD
Pickup
2750
Rear
Manual
4
Diesel
62
137
38.4
49.1
42.6
High
Truck
1987
GM
P'UP-2WD
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
4
Diesel
60
137
38.4
49.8
42.8
High
Truck
1988
Suzuki
SAMURAI
Truck SUV
2250
4wd
Manual
5
Carb
64
81
30.6
37.2
33.2
High
Truck
1989
Suzuki
SIDEKICK
Truck SUV
2250
4wd
Manual
5
Carb
64
79
31
36.9
33.4
High
Truck
1990
Suzuki
SAMURAI
Truck SUV
2500
4wd
Manual
5
TBI
66
79
31.2
36.8
33.5
High
Truck
1991
Suzuki
SAMURAI
Truck SUV
2500
4wd
Manual
5
TBI
66
79
31.3
36.7
33.5
High
Truck
1992
Suzuki
SAMURAI
Truck SUV
2500
4wd
Manual
5
TBI
66
79
31.2
36.8
33.5
High
Truck
1993
Suzuki
SAMURAI
Truck SUV
2500
4wd
Manual
5
TBI
66
79
31.2
36.8
33.5
High
Truck
1994
Suzuki
SAMURAI
Truck SUV
2500
4wd
Manual
5
TBI
66
79
31.2
36.8
33.5
High
Truck
1995
Suzuki
SAMURAI
Truck SUV
2500
4wd
Manual
5
TBI
66
79
31.3
36.8
33.6
High
Truck
1996
GM
S10 PICKUP 2WD
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
5
Port
118
134
26.6
39.8
31.3
High
Truck
1996
GM
SONOMA 2WD
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
5
Port
118
134
26.6
39.8
31.3
High
Truck
1997
GM
S10 PICKUP 2WD
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
5
Port
118
134
26.6
39.8
31.3
High
Truck
1997
GM
SONOMA 2WD
Pickup
3000
Rear
Manual
5
Port
118
134
26.6
39.8
31.3
High
Truck
1998
Suzuki
X-90 4WD
Truck SUV
2750
4wd
Manual
5
Port
95
97
27.6
35.9
30.8
High
Truck
1999
GM
TRACKER4X4 CONVERTIBLE
Truck SUV
3000
4wd
Manual
5
Port
97
97
28.1
35.8
31.1
High
Truck
2000
GM
TRACKER CONVERTIBLE 4X4
Truck SUV
3000
4wd
Manual
5
Port
97
97
27.9
35
30.7
High
Truck
2000
Suzuki
VITARACONVERTIBLE 4WD
Truck SUV
3000
4wd
Manual
5
Port
97
97
27.9
35
30.7
High
Truck
2001
Mazda
B2300 2WD
Pickup
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
138
140
26.7
35
29.9
High
Truck
2001
Ford
RANGER PICKUP 2WD
Pickup
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
138
140
26.7
35
29.9
High
Truck
2002
GM
TRACKER4WD HARDTOP
Truck SUV
3500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
141
118
28.6
39.5
32.7
High
Truck
2002
Suzuki
VITARA 4-DOOR 4WD
Truck SUV
3500
4wd
Automatic with Lockup
4
Port
141
118
28.6
39.5
32.7
High
Truck
2003
Ford
RANGER PICKUP 2WD
Pickup
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
140
140
26.7
36.5
30.4
High
Truck
2003
Mazda
B2300 2WD
Pickup
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
140
140
26.7
36.5
30.4
High
Truck
2004
Ford
RANGER PICKUP 2WD
Pickup
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
140
140
26.2
37.1
30.2
High
Truck
2004
Mazda
B2300 2WD
Pickup
3500
Rear
Manual
5
Port
140
140
26.2
37.1
30.2
High
Truck
2005
Ford
ESCAPE HEV4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
135
140
36.5
36.7
36.6
High
Truck
2006
Ford
MARINER HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
135
140
36.5
36.7
36.6
High
Truck
2006
Mazda
TRIBUTE HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
135
140
36.5
36.7
36.6
High
Truck
2006
Ford
ESCAPE HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
135
140
36.5
36.7
36.6
High
Truck
2007
Ford
ESCAPE HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
133
140
35.8
37.3
36.5
High
Truck
2007
Ford
MARINER HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
133
140
35.8
37.3
36.5
High
Truck
2008
Ford
ESCAPE HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
133
140
38.3
37.7
38
High
Truck
2008
Ford
MARINER HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
133
140
38.3
37.7
38
High
Truck
2008
Mazda
TRIBUTE HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
133
140
38.3
37.7
38
High
Truck
2009
GM
VUE HYBRID
Truck SUV
4500
Front
CVT
1
GDI
262
218
34.5
41.7
37.4
High
Truck
2010
Mazda
TRIBUTE HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
155
153
40.1
38.3
39.3
High
Truck
2011
Ford
ESCAPE HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
155
153
39.8
38.1
39
High
Truck
2011
Ford
MARINER HYBRID4WD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
155
153
39.8
38.1
39
High
Truck
2012
Ford
ESCAPE HYBRID AWD
Truck SUV
4000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
155
152.56
39.8
38.1
39
High
Truck
2013
Toyota
RX 450h AWD
Truck SUV
5000
4wd
CVT
1
Port
245
210.9
38.5
38.6
38.6
High
Truck
2014
Subaru
XV CROSSTREK AWD
Truck SUV
3500
4wd
CVT
1
Port
148
122.05
37.9
46.4
41.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
A-5
March 2019
-------
#EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality
ptotMion 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report
Supplemental Table B: Production-Weighted Percent Distribution of Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy (MPG)
Car or Truck
Model Year
Percentile Level
Actual Average
0%
1%
5%
10%
20%
25%
50%
75%
80%
90%
95%
99%
100%
Car
1975
8.4
9.0
9.8
10.1
11.0
11.2
13.1
16.7
17.9
20.9
23.3
27.4
28.3
13.5
Car
1976
8.6
10.2
11.2
11.7
12.3
12.7
14.6
17.3
18.9
22.9
24.5
28.2
30.5
14.9
Car
1977
8.3
10.5
11.6
12.4
13.6
14.0
15.0
17.3
18.9
24.3
28.0
33.8
37.6
15.6
Car
1978
8.0
11.3
12.6
13.2
14.2
14.9
16.9
19.8
21.3
25.0
28.2
32.7
37.5
16.9
Car
1979
7.9
12.0
13.1
13.7
14.6
15.1
16.9
20.4
21.9
24.9
26.5
31.0
39.1
17.2
Car
1980
7.9
13.9
14.8
15.9
17.2
17.6
19.8
23.1
24.0
26.6
29.1
36.1
40.3
20.0
Car
1981
8.6
14.6
15.8
17.0
18.3
18.6
21.6
25.3
26.1
28.6
31.6
37.9
40.9
21.4
Car
1982
8.5
15.4
16.6
17.0
18.2
19.1
23.4
26.0
27.2
29.6
32.6
38.9
42.7
22.2
Car
1983
8.5
16.3
16.5
17.0
17.8
18.4
22.3
26.7
28.0
31.2
33.4
36.6
45.3
22.1
Car
1984
8.5
16.6
17.0
17.3
18.1
19.3
22.9
26.5
27.3
29.9
32.8
38.2
48.0
22.4
Car
1985
8.5
17.6
17.8
18.4
19.5
19.9
22.8
26.7
27.7
29.9
33.6
39.0
49.6
23.0
Car
1986
7.5
18.0
18.8
19.5
20.3
20.6
24.5
26.6
27.6
30.1
33.7
39.3
56.8
23.7
Car
1987
7.5
18.2
18.6
19.2
20.6
21.2
23.9
27.1
27.6
30.1
31.3
38.1
54.8
23.8
Car
1988
7.5
18.1
19.2
19.4
21.2
22.4
24.1
27.2
27.7
30.5
32.4
37.9
54.4
24.1
Car
1989
7.5
18.0
19.3
19.6
20.7
21.7
23.2
26.3
27.2
29.1
31.0
37.7
50.6
23.6
Car
1990
9.2
17.5
19.0
19.3
21.3
21.5
23.1
26.0
26.4
28.3
30.9
34.6
53.4
23.3
Car
1991
8.5
17.1
18.8
19.5
20.3
21.1
22.8
26.1
26.3
29.2
31.2
36.7
53.0
23.3
Car
1992
8.5
16.4
18.3
19.5
20.6
20.8
22.4
25.4
25.9
28.5
31.2
39.1
52.6
22.9
Car
1993
8.5
15.1
18.2
19.2
20.3
21.3
22.7
25.7
26.9
28.4
31.1
35.8
52.2
23.0
Car
1994
10.9
17.1
18.8
19.6
20.1
20.9
22.7
25.6
26.3
28.5
30.6
35.8
52.2
23.0
Car
1995
8.7
16.8
18.9
19.4
21.0
21.7
22.7
26.0
27.1
29.0
31.4
33.8
47.3
23.3
Car
1996
10.1
16.7
19.3
19.5
20.9
21.3
22.6
25.7
26.1
29.1
30.5
33.9
43.3
23.1
Car
1997
10.7
16.9
19.3
19.4
20.7
21.1
23.0
25.3
26.4
28.8
29.8
33.2
42.8
23.2
Car
1998
10.8
17.0
18.6
19.4
21.0
21.3
22.7
25.3
26.1
28.7
29.8
31.5
42.0
23.0
Car
1999
10.5
17.1
18.7
19.4
21.0
21.2
22.3
24.5
25.2
27.8
29.2
30.9
41.0
22.7
Car
2000
9.9
17.1
17.7
19.5
21.0
21.3
22.1
24.3
25.0
27.2
28.5
31.0
57.4
22.5
Car
2001
9.8
16.9
18.3
19.4
20.7
20.8
22.3
25.1
25.6
27.8
30.9
31.9
56.3
22.6
Car
2002
10.1
16.5
18.8
19.7
20.7
21.3
22.5
25.0
25.3
27.3
29.4
31.7
55.6
22.8
Car
2003
9.0
17.1
19.1
19.7
20.8
21.2
23.0
25.1
25.6
28.1
29.4
32.4
55.0
23.0
Car
2004
10.3
17.4
18.5
19.1
20.6
21.0
22.9
25.4
25.8
28.0
29.6
35.3
53.5
22.9
Car
2005
10.3
17.2
18.6
19.4
20.3
21.1
23.3
25.7
25.8
29.1
29.8
41.8
53.3
23.1
Car
2006
10.3
16.9
18.6
19.1
20.4
21.1
23.0
25.5
25.8
28.8
30.9
42.9
53.0
23.0
Car
2007
10.4
17.2
18.7
19.6
20.7
21.2
23.6
25.9
27.5
30.2
31.3
42.9
46.2
23.7
Car
2008
10.1
17.1
18.6
19.8
20.9
21.4
23.6
26.6
27.9
30.3
31.3
42.9
46.2
23.9
Car
2009
10.4
17.2
19.6
20.6
21.8
22.6
25.4
28.1
29.1
30.9
31.0
42.9
46.2
25.0
Car
2010
10.1
18.1
20.1
20.7
22.0
22.7
25.9
29.0
30.2
30.8
35.3
42.9
60.2
25.7
Car
2011
12.4
18.4
20.0
21.2
22.4
23.0
26.3
27.6
28.8
30.4
33.0
41.5
100.6
25.4
Car
2012
11.2
18.8
20.5
21.9
23.4
24.1
27.3
30.3
31.6
32.7
36.2
47.4
109.0
26.9
Car
2013
11.2
19.1
21.4
22.4
24.1
25.1
27.8
31.6
32.3
33.2
38.2
47.7
117.0
27.7
Car
2014
11.2
19.0
21.2
22.4
24.0
24.9
28.4
31.2
31.9
33.9
37.1
47.7
121.3
27.6
Car
2015
12.7
19.1
21.2
22.7
24.6
25.7
28.8
31.9
32.2
33.6
37.1
57.6
121.3
28.2
Car
2016
12.9
18.9
21.5
23.4
25.2
26.0
29.0
32.2
32.6
34.7
36.3
77.1
121.3
28.5
Car
2017
12.7
19.2
21.9
23.7
25.5
26.1
29.5
33.1
33.5
35.5
41.6
109.5
132.6
29.2
EPA-420-R-19-002
B-l
March 2019
-------
#EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality
ptotMion 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report
Supplemental Table B: Production-Weighted Percent Distribution of Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy (MPG)
Car or Truck
Model Year
Percentile Level
Actual Average
0%
1%
5%
10%
20%
25%
50%
75%
80%
90%
95%
99%
100%
Car
2018
11.2
19.2
22.4
23.9
25.5
26.3
29.9
33.4
33.7
36.6
51.9
90.9
132.6
29.9
Truck
1975
7.6
7.9
8.9
9.2
9.6
9.8
11.7
13.3
15.4
17.8
19.0
19.2
20.8
11.6
Truck
1976
7.8
9.0
9.7
10.0
10.4
10.5
11.9
14.1
15.6
17.2
19.7
21.6
23.0
12.2
Truck
1977
8.0
8.8
10.3
10.9
11.5
11.6
12.5
15.5
15.8
19.6
21.7
25.6
27.4
13.3
Truck
1978
8.0
9.5
10.4
10.6
11.0
11.1
12.2
15.7
16.3
19.3
22.5
24.6
27.8
12.9
Truck
1979
7.9
8.0
9.2
9.6
10.3
10.7
12.1
15.5
16.1
19.4
20.7
25.3
25.9
12.5
Truck
1980
8.4
10.7
11.4
12.1
13.2
13.4
16.1
19.2
20.3
22.2
23.1
25.8
38.3
15.8
Truck
1981
9.4
11.4
12.5
13.3
14.8
15.2
16.1
20.3
21.6
25.0
26.6
31.2
36.0
17.1
Truck
1982
10.1
11.1
12.1
13.3
14.8
15.2
17.1
20.9
22.8
24.3
26.4
30.6
37.0
17.4
Truck
1983
10.3
11.0
12.0
13.4
14.9
15.4
18.2
22.0
22.8
25.2
26.5
30.0
38.2
17.7
Truck
1984
9.5
11.0
12.0
13.2
14.7
15.1
18.3
20.7
21.5
24.3
25.9
29.2
36.1
17.4
Truck
1985
9.6
11.4
12.4
13.6
14.0
14.7
18.5
21.0
21.8
24.0
25.2
28.4
36.1
17.5
Truck
1986
10.4
11.8
13.5
14.4
15.1
15.6
18.6
21.8
22.9
24.2
25.7
27.8
36.0
18.2
Truck
1987
10.0
11.6
13.7
14.2
15.1
15.8
18.7
21.5
22.8
23.7
25.9
27.6
36.0
18.3
Truck
1988
9.8
12.2
13.8
14.2
15.3
15.6
18.5
20.2
21.5
23.3
25.0
27.8
27.8
17.8
Truck
1989
10.2
11.6
13.7
14.4
15.2
15.5
18.5
20.0
20.4
22.6
24.2
24.8
27.7
17.6
Truck
1990
10.0
11.7
13.6
14.0
14.9
15.5
17.6
19.2
20.8
22.3
24.1
24.3
27.6
17.4
Truck
1991
10.4
12.5
13.8
14.4
15.6
16.1
18.2
19.8
20.5
23.0
24.0
24.8
27.5
17.8
Truck
1992
10.4
12.5
14.0
14.3
15.2
15.7
17.6
19.6
20.2
21.8
23.3
24.7
27.3
17.3
Truck
1993
10.5
12.9
13.9
14.1
15.4
15.9
17.8
19.4
19.9
21.8
23.7
24.6
27.2
17.5
Truck
1994
12.2
13.0
13.8
14.1
14.9
15.3
17.4
19.6
19.6
22.3
23.4
23.9
27.0
17.2
Truck
1995
12.2
12.8
13.7
13.9
14.9
15.1
16.9
19.0
19.3
21.5
23.5
24.1
26.9
17.0
Truck
1996
12.2
12.3
13.8
14.4
14.8
15.2
17.4
19.4
19.6
21.5
22.7
24.3
25.6
17.2
Truck
1997
12.0
13.1
13.7
14.5
15.0
15.3
16.8
18.6
19.0
20.0
22.0
24.2
25.5
16.8
Truck
1998
12.9
13.1
13.6
14.2
14.7
15.1
17.2
19.2
19.8
21.5
22.5
23.9
25.1
17.1
Truck
1999
13.0
13.0
13.6
13.9
14.7
15.0
16.8
18.6
19.3
20.3
21.7
23.9
24.7
16.6
Truck
2000
12.6
13.1
13.8
14.5
15.3
15.3
16.8
18.7
19.5
20.1
21.6
22.6
24.8
16.8
Truck
2001
11.8
11.8
13.4
14.1
14.9
15.1
16.3
18.7
19.1
19.9
21.1
22.5
23.6
16.5
Truck
2002
12.4
12.6
13.8
14.4
15.0
15.1
16.2
18.2
18.9
19.8
20.9
22.6
25.8
16.5
Truck
2003
10.9
13.0
13.8
14.1
14.8
15.2
16.3
18.8
19.4
20.8
21.7
22.5
23.9
16.7
Truck
2004
10.4
13.5
13.8
14.3
14.8
15.0
16.3
18.0
18.9
20.2
20.8
22.2
23.8
16.5
Truck
2005
9.8
13.2
14.2
14.5
14.9
15.3
16.7
18.8
19.1
20.6
21.4
22.2
27.0
16.9
Truck
2006
9.8
14.0
14.2
14.7
15.3
15.4
17.1
19.1
19.7
20.8
22.1
25.4
27.0
17.2
Truck
2007
12.2
14.0
14.6
15.0
15.7
15.9
17.1
19.2
19.5
20.8
22.4
23.6
27.1
17.4
Truck
2008
12.2
14.3
14.8
15.0
16.1
16.3
17.6
19.7
20.0
22.1
22.7
24.9
27.9
17.8
Truck
2009
12.4
14.8
15.3
15.7
16.6
16.7
18.9
20.4
20.9
22.6
23.4
25.0
28.3
18.5
Truck
2010
12.2
14.6
15.3
15.8
16.5
17.2
18.9
20.9
21.3
23.3
23.9
24.8
28.7
18.8
Truck
2011
6.7
14.6
15.4
16.2
17.3
17.6
19.1
21.1
22.0
23.7
24.1
24.4
28.2
19.1
Truck
2012
9.1
14.7
15.4
16.1
17.4
17.7
19.4
21.3
22.1
23.6
24.8
25.4
29.1
19.3
Truck
2013
9.1
14.7
15.5
16.6
17.7
17.7
19.6
22.1
23.3
25.0
25.8
28.0
28.5
19.8
Truck
2014
9.1
14.9
16.1
16.9
17.9
18.3
20.2
23.0
24.1
25.8
26.7
28.4
30.6
20.3
Truck
2015
12.7
15.3
17.4
17.8
18.8
19.1
20.7
23.7
24.3
27.6
28.4
28.7
31.5
21.1
Truck
2016
11.9
15.1
17.3
17.9
18.6
18.9
21.1
23.7
24.9
27.6
28.1
29.3
42.6
21.2
Truck
2017
10.8
15.1
17.1
17.7
18.5
18.9
21.5
23.8
24.9
28.2
29.0
30.7
67.3
21.4
Truck
2018
10.8
15.1
17.6
18.3
19.1
19.5
22.0
25.0
25.3
28.2
28.8
30.9
48.5
21.8
EPA-420-R-19-002
B-2
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldCity
Car
1976
3.2%
61.1%
22.2%
11.0%
2.5%
RealWorldCity
Car
1977
4.6%
60.1%
20.0%
8.2%
5.4%
1.2%
0.5%
RealWorldCity
Car
1978
0.8%
45.2%
34.1%
11.1%
7.0%
1.5%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
1979
0.2%
43.8%
36.0%
15.6%
3.5%
0.4%
0.4%
RealWorldCity
Car
1980
0.0%
17.1%
43.8%
28.8%
8.1%
1.1%
1.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
1981
0.0%
0.0%
9.8%
44.3%
29.2%
12.1%
3.5%
1.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
1982
0.0%
9.2%
36.1%
36.8%
12.7%
3.5%
1.3%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
1983
0.0%
13.6%
37.1%
24.3%
18.1%
5.8%
0.9%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
1984
0.0%
8.5%
38.6%
31.5%
15.1%
5.0%
0.9%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
1985
0.0%
0.4%
47.7%
31.8%
13.7%
5.1%
0.8%
0.1%
0.4%
RealWorldCity
Car
1986
0.0%
0.4%
43.5%
35.7%
15.0%
3.3%
1.2%
0.5%
0.0%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
1987
0.0%
0.7%
40.5%
35.7%
20.0%
1.7%
0.9%
0.3%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
Car
1988
0.0%
0.6%
40.2%
37.4%
17.5%
2.2%
1.8%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
1989
0.0%
0.5%
46.1%
35.2%
15.4%
1.2%
1.1%
0.1%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
1990
0.0%
0.6%
47.5%
37.7%
11.3%
2.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
1991
0.0%
0.8%
49.3%
36.7%
10.2%
2.1%
0.2%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
1992
0.0%
3.5%
54.1%
31.3%
7.8%
2.3%
0.4%
0.6%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
1993
0.0%
5.0%
47.2%
35.6%
9.7%
1.6%
0.2%
0.5%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
1994
0.0%
1.0%
53.1%
35.9%
7.6%
1.5%
0.2%
0.5%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
1995
0.0%
1.1%
54.9%
32.2%
9.8%
1.5%
0.3%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
1996
0.0%
1.6%
55.5%
31.1%
10.1%
1.2%
0.1%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
1997
0.0%
1.5%
51.3%
37.3%
8.5%
1.2%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
Car
1998
0.0%
2.3%
51.6%
34.5%
11.0%
0.3%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
1999
0.0%
1.2%
60.8%
29.8%
7.8%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
Car
2000
0.0%
2.9%
59.6%
32.1%
4.9%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
2001
0.0%
3.2%
60.9%
26.9%
8.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2002
0.0%
2.0%
59.6%
31.0%
7.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2003
0.0%
1.9%
56.7%
32.3%
8.2%
0.1%
0.4%
0.4%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2004
0.0%
3.3%
57.3%
30.7%
7.6%
0.2%
0.3%
0.6%
RealWorldCity
Car
2005
0.0%
3.3%
54.5%
31.4%
9.0%
0.2%
0.3%
1.4%
RealWorldCity
Car
2006
0.0%
3.3%
57.0%
28.6%
9.5%
0.3%
0.4%
1.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2007
0.0%
3.1%
48.2%
35.4%
10.2%
0.8%
0.1%
0.4%
1.8%
RealWorldCity
Car
2008
0.0%
4.4%
48.1%
34.1%
9.9%
0.9%
0.1%
0.4%
2.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
2009
0.0%
2.4%
34.6%
41.6%
18.4%
1.2%
0.2%
0.3%
1.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
2010
0.0%
1.0%
30.4%
43.7%
19.3%
0.4%
0.3%
1.2%
3.6%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2011
0.0%
1.2%
32.5%
48.5%
14.2%
0.9%
0.2%
0.4%
1.9%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
2012
0.0%
0.9%
23.6%
43.7%
25.5%
1.7%
0.6%
1.5%
1.4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2013
0.0%
0.7%
20.1%
39.5%
31.5%
2.3%
0.7%
2.0%
1.5%
0.5%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Car
2014
0.0%
0.6%
20.4%
41.0%
29.8%
2.9%
0.9%
1.7%
1.2%
0.4%
0.0%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
2015
0.0%
0.7%
15.8%
40.0%
34.4%
3.7%
0.9%
1.3%
1.7%
0.4%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Car
2016
1.0%
11.4%
39.7%
37.1%
6.8%
0.4%
1.0%
0.1%
1.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
Car
2017
0.0%
1.1%
9.7%
38.6%
38.1%
6.3%
0.6%
1.4%
0.6%
1.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-l March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldCity
Car
1976
RealWorldCity
Car
1977
RealWorldCity
Car
1978
RealWorldCity
Car
1979
RealWorldCity
Car
1980
RealWorldCity
Car
1981
RealWorldCity
Car
1982
RealWorldCity
Car
1983
RealWorldCity
Car
1984
RealWorldCity
Car
1985
RealWorldCity
Car
1986
RealWorldCity
Car
1987
RealWorldCity
Car
1988
RealWorldCity
Car
1989
RealWorldCity
Car
1990
RealWorldCity
Car
1991
RealWorldCity
Car
1992
RealWorldCity
Car
1993
RealWorldCity
Car
1994
RealWorldCity
Car
1995
RealWorldCity
Car
1996
RealWorldCity
Car
1997
RealWorldCity
Car
1998
RealWorldCity
Car
1999
RealWorldCity
Car
2000
RealWorldCity
Car
2001
RealWorldCity
Car
2002
RealWorldCity
Car
2003
RealWorldCity
Car
2004
RealWorldCity
Car
2005
RealWorldCity
Car
2006
RealWorldCity
Car
2007
RealWorldCity
Car
2008
RealWorldCity
Car
2009
RealWorldCity
Car
2010
RealWorldCity
Car
2011
RealWorldCity
Car
2012
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2013
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2014
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2015
0.4%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2016
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Car
2017
0.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.4%
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-2
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldCity
Truck
1975
35.3%
53.2%
11.5%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1976
20.4%
60.9%
17.2%
1.6%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1977
6.4%
69.7%
18.2%
4.7%
0.9%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1978
7.6%
70.8%
13.2%
7.4%
0.9%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1979
17.7%
61.8%
16.0%
4.4%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1980
0.6%
48.0%
37.5%
13.3%
0.5%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1981
0.0%
44.4%
35.6%
15.6%
2.3%
2.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1982
0.1%
32.3%
43.7%
19.5%
3.7%
0.2%
0.6%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1983
0.0%
36.0%
39.3%
21.6%
2.0%
0.9%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1984
0.8%
36.9%
40.9%
20.0%
0.9%
0.5%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1985
0.0%
35.6%
41.2%
20.3%
2.6%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1986
0.2%
31.5%
39.9%
25.8%
2.5%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1987
0.1%
25.5%
48.9%
22.7%
2.8%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1988
0.1%
34.3%
43.7%
20.0%
1.9%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1989
0.1%
35.2%
48.8%
15.2%
0.6%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1990
0.5%
36.2%
49.3%
13.8%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1991
0.1%
35.0%
51.1%
13.8%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1992
0.1%
44.6%
45.5%
9.7%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1993
0.0%
40.3%
50.4%
9.2%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1994
47.0%
42.1%
10.9%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1995
49.8%
41.0%
9.1%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1996
46.8%
44.2%
9.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1997
53.5%
39.6%
7.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1998
47.3%
46.0%
6.7%
RealWorldCity
Truck
1999
60.4%
34.4%
5.2%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2000
59.7%
37.6%
2.7%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2001
63.6%
34.4%
2.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2002
66.8%
31.8%
1.3%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2003
0.0%
61.5%
37.3%
1.3%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2004
0.0%
70.6%
29.2%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2005
0.1%
60.9%
38.8%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2006
0.0%
58.9%
38.7%
0.9%
1.5%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2007
57.9%
38.5%
2.8%
0.7%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2008
50.4%
43.2%
5.3%
1.2%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2009
39.6%
53.9%
5.9%
0.6%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2010
38.5%
48.3%
12.4%
0.6%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2011
0.0%
33.1%
51.4%
15.3%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2012
0.0%
30.5%
55.5%
13.6%
0.3%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2013
0.0%
28.9%
51.4%
18.9%
0.8%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2014
0.0%
18.2%
59.3%
22.2%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2015
10.0%
63.5%
21.9%
4.6%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
Truck
2016
14.3%
56.7%
25.5%
2.7%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-3 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldCity
Truck
1975
RealWorldCity
Truck
1976
RealWorldCity
Truck
1977
RealWorldCity
Truck
1978
RealWorldCity
Truck
1979
RealWorldCity
Truck
1980
RealWorldCity
Truck
1981
RealWorldCity
Truck
1982
RealWorldCity
Truck
1983
RealWorldCity
Truck
1984
RealWorldCity
Truck
1985
RealWorldCity
Truck
1986
RealWorldCity
Truck
1987
RealWorldCity
Truck
1988
RealWorldCity
Truck
1989
RealWorldCity
Truck
1990
RealWorldCity
Truck
1991
RealWorldCity
Truck
1992
RealWorldCity
Truck
1993
RealWorldCity
Truck
1994
RealWorldCity
Truck
1995
RealWorldCity
Truck
1996
RealWorldCity
Truck
1997
RealWorldCity
Truck
1998
RealWorldCity
Truck
1999
RealWorldCity
Truck
2000
RealWorldCity
Truck
2001
RealWorldCity
Truck
2002
RealWorldCity
Truck
2003
RealWorldCity
Truck
2004
RealWorldCity
Truck
2005
RealWorldCity
Truck
2006
RealWorldCity
Truck
2007
RealWorldCity
Truck
2008
RealWorldCity
Truck
2009
RealWorldCity
Truck
2010
RealWorldCity
Truck
2011
RealWorldCity
Truck
2012
RealWorldCity
Truck
2013
RealWorldCity
Truck
2014
RealWorldCity
Truck
2015
RealWorldCity
Truck
2016
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-4
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldCity
Truck
2018
6.7%
58.0%
28.0%
5.8%
1.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Car
1975
6.6%
57.4%
23.9%
9.0%
3.1%
RealWorldComb
Car
1976
0.3%
57.6%
24.4%
13.2%
3.8%
0.7%
RealWorldComb
Car
1977
0.3%
44.0%
36.6%
10.2%
6.5%
1.5%
0.8%
RealWorldComb
Car
1978
0.3%
26.8%
48.4%
13.6%
6.9%
3.6%
0.3%
RealWorldComb
Car
1979
0.1%
24.2%
48.5%
17.9%
8.0%
1.0%
0.4%
RealWorldComb
Car
1980
0.0%
5.7%
44.7%
33.0%
12.7%
2.7%
1.0%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Car
1981
0.0%
0.0%
2.6%
38.1%
33.6%
18.4%
5.1%
1.5%
0.8%
RealWorldComb
Car
1982
0.0%
0.3%
31.1%
31.6%
27.9%
7.0%
1.2%
0.8%
RealWorldComb
Car
1983
0.0%
0.3%
33.7%
29.6%
24.7%
9.5%
1.9%
0.4%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
1984
0.0%
0.1%
26.9%
33.2%
30.7%
5.5%
3.0%
0.4%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Car
1985
0.0%
0.1%
27.4%
29.3%
33.5%
7.3%
1.5%
0.4%
0.5%
RealWorldComb
Car
1986
0.0%
0.3%
16.7%
36.4%
36.6%
7.3%
1.9%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Car
1987
0.0%
0.3%
16.0%
40.0%
33.1%
8.6%
1.5%
0.0%
0.3%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Car
1988
0.0%
0.3%
14.4%
40.5%
33.8%
8.1%
2.5%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Car
1989
0.0%
0.3%
14.5%
46.3%
30.5%
6.2%
1.8%
0.0%
0.3%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Car
1990
0.0%
0.2%
14.1%
50.7%
28.7%
5.2%
0.7%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
1991
0.0%
0.2%
16.5%
49.1%
26.8%
5.8%
0.9%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
1992
0.0%
0.2%
14.1%
56.0%
22.1%
5.0%
1.6%
0.8%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Car
1993
0.0%
0.1%
17.4%
50.8%
24.2%
5.2%
1.5%
0.6%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Car
1994
0.1%
18.8%
50.7%
23.5%
4.9%
1.4%
0.6%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Car
1995
0.0%
0.1%
15.2%
51.7%
25.2%
7.0%
0.4%
0.4%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
1996
0.1%
12.9%
60.5%
20.6%
5.1%
0.4%
0.3%
RealWorldComb
Car
1997
0.1%
12.7%
59.1%
23.6%
4.1%
0.2%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Car
1998
0.1%
13.8%
57.2%
25.3%
3.2%
0.1%
0.3%
RealWorldComb
Car
1999
0.0%
14.0%
62.9%
21.3%
1.5%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Car
2000
0.0%
0.0%
14.2%
66.1%
17.8%
1.5%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Car
2001
0.0%
0.0%
16.8%
58.0%
18.3%
6.5%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2002
0.1%
12.8%
64.4%
16.6%
5.5%
0.2%
0.4%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2003
0.0%
0.1%
12.3%
60.4%
22.6%
3.9%
0.0%
0.8%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2004
0.1%
14.8%
57.0%
25.1%
2.0%
0.1%
0.3%
0.6%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2005
0.2%
16.0%
48.7%
27.6%
5.8%
0.1%
0.3%
1.4%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2006
0.3%
16.1%
52.4%
21.6%
8.1%
0.0%
0.4%
1.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2007
0.3%
13.9%
44.6%
29.1%
10.0%
0.4%
1.8%
RealWorldComb
Car
2008
0.2%
11.5%
46.7%
29.9%
9.0%
0.3%
0.4%
2.1%
RealWorldComb
Car
2009
0.2%
6.0%
38.6%
37.1%
16.2%
0.4%
0.3%
1.3%
RealWorldComb
Car
2010
0.1%
4.7%
35.1%
38.3%
16.1%
1.4%
0.7%
3.6%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2011
0.1%
4.8%
39.1%
43.5%
9.4%
0.7%
0.4%
1.9%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2012
0.1%
3.2%
27.4%
41.6%
22.4%
1.8%
1.0%
2.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2013
0.1%
2.4%
22.3%
41.4%
26.8%
2.8%
1.0%
2.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2014
0.0%
2.4%
24.3%
38.0%
27.9%
3.7%
1.0%
1.8%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2015
0.0%
2.0%
18.9%
40.0%
30.5%
4.7%
0.7%
2.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.5%
0.0%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-5 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldCity
Truck
2018
RealWorldComb
Car
1975
RealWorldComb
Car
1976
RealWorldComb
Car
1977
RealWorldComb
Car
1978
RealWorldComb
Car
1979
RealWorldComb
Car
1980
RealWorldComb
Car
1981
RealWorldComb
Car
1982
RealWorldComb
Car
1983
RealWorldComb
Car
1984
RealWorldComb
Car
1985
RealWorldComb
Car
1986
RealWorldComb
Car
1987
RealWorldComb
Car
1988
RealWorldComb
Car
1989
RealWorldComb
Car
1990
RealWorldComb
Car
1991
RealWorldComb
Car
1992
RealWorldComb
Car
1993
RealWorldComb
Car
1994
RealWorldComb
Car
1995
RealWorldComb
Car
1996
RealWorldComb
Car
1997
RealWorldComb
Car
1998
RealWorldComb
Car
1999
RealWorldComb
Car
2000
RealWorldComb
Car
2001
RealWorldComb
Car
2002
RealWorldComb
Car
2003
RealWorldComb
Car
2004
RealWorldComb
Car
2005
RealWorldComb
Car
2006
RealWorldComb
Car
2007
RealWorldComb
Car
2008
RealWorldComb
Car
2009
RealWorldComb
Car
2010
RealWorldComb
Car
2011
RealWorldComb
Car
2012
RealWorldComb
Car
2013
RealWorldComb
Car
2014
RealWorldComb
Car
2015
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-6
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldComb
Car
2017
0.0%
1.8%
15.8%
37.2%
31.2%
8.3%
1.6%
0.6%
0.9%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.8%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2018
0.0%
1.6%
14.4%
34.1%
35.2%
5.4%
1.0%
1.7%
1.8%
0.2%
0.1%
0.3%
0.6%
0.4%
0.1%
0.9%
0.3%
1.8%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1975
27.7%
51.8%
18.0%
2.5%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1976
12.0%
66.1%
16.7%
5.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1977
3.7%
66.0%
19.9%
9.2%
1.3%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1978
2.9%
68.6%
19.0%
8.6%
0.9%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1979
14.4%
59.3%
18.4%
6.8%
1.2%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1980
0.2%
40.7%
37.9%
19.1%
1.5%
0.6%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1981
0.0%
22.8%
50.7%
16.1%
7.1%
2.6%
0.7%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1982
21.9%
45.1%
23.7%
00
o
2?
0.8%
0.6%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1983
21.1%
41.3%
26.7%
9.8%
0.9%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1984
0.1%
24.2%
43.0%
24.8%
7.1%
0.8%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1985
0.0%
27.8%
40.8%
26.3%
4.8%
0.3%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1986
19.7%
41.4%
33.5%
5.3%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1987
17.3%
43.1%
33.4%
6.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1988
0.0%
17.8%
53.0%
22.1%
6.9%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1989
18.8%
54.3%
24.3%
2.7%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1990
0.3%
21.8%
55.5%
18.8%
3.6%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1991
16.6%
59.9%
21.4%
2.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1992
19.2%
60.0%
20.7%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1993
14.5%
66.2%
19.2%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1994
23.1%
60.7%
16.1%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1995
24.4%
59.8%
15.8%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1996
22.0%
61.0%
17.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1997
19.5%
70.5%
10.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1998
23.5%
62.0%
14.6%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1999
24.2%
63.7%
12.2%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2000
17.1%
72.0%
11.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2001
23.5%
66.6%
9.9%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2002
19.9%
71.3%
8.6%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2003
24.1%
61.6%
14.4%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2004
25.5%
63.4%
11.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2005
0.0%
20.9%
64.4%
14.6%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2006
0.0%
13.8%
69.9%
14.8%
1.5%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2007
10.1%
74.4%
14.7%
0.8%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2008
9.7%
70.5%
18.9%
0.9%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2009
2.6%
66.9%
29.4%
1.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2010
3.0%
63.3%
31.4%
2.4%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2011
0.0%
3.3%
59.3%
36.8%
0.6%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2012
0.0%
2.9%
56.2%
37.3%
3.6%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2013
0.0%
2.2%
50.5%
36.3%
11.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2014
0.0%
1.7%
44.3%
38.9%
14.9%
0.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-7 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldComb
Car
2017
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Car
2018
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
1975
RealWorldComb
Truck
1976
RealWorldComb
Truck
1977
RealWorldComb
Truck
1978
RealWorldComb
Truck
1979
RealWorldComb
Truck
1980
RealWorldComb
Truck
1981
RealWorldComb
Truck
1982
RealWorldComb
Truck
1983
RealWorldComb
Truck
1984
RealWorldComb
Truck
1985
RealWorldComb
Truck
1986
RealWorldComb
Truck
1987
RealWorldComb
Truck
1988
RealWorldComb
Truck
1989
RealWorldComb
Truck
1990
RealWorldComb
Truck
1991
RealWorldComb
Truck
1992
RealWorldComb
Truck
1993
RealWorldComb
Truck
1994
RealWorldComb
Truck
1995
RealWorldComb
Truck
1996
RealWorldComb
Truck
1997
RealWorldComb
Truck
1998
RealWorldComb
Truck
1999
RealWorldComb
Truck
2000
RealWorldComb
Truck
2001
RealWorldComb
Truck
2002
RealWorldComb
Truck
2003
RealWorldComb
Truck
2004
RealWorldComb
Truck
2005
RealWorldComb
Truck
2006
RealWorldComb
Truck
2007
RealWorldComb
Truck
2008
RealWorldComb
Truck
2009
RealWorldComb
Truck
2010
RealWorldComb
Truck
2011
RealWorldComb
Truck
2012
RealWorldComb
Truck
2013
RealWorldComb
Truck
2014
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-8
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldComb
Truck
2016
0.6%
36.3%
43.9%
18.4%
0.6%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2017
0.6%
34.5%
46.0%
16.2%
2.4%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
Truck
2018
0.7%
28.6%
46.1%
21.3%
3.0%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1975
0.3%
57.2%
21.2%
12.8%
6.0%
2.6%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1976
0.1%
38.9%
38.8%
9.9%
8.4%
4.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1977
0.0%
21.4%
55.4%
8.5%
7.2%
5.5%
1.4%
0.5%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1978
0.0%
8.1%
59.2%
15.8%
9.5%
5.3%
1.8%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1979
0.0%
5.6%
61.2%
17.9%
10.4%
4.1%
0.6%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1980
0.0%
0.7%
30.0%
34.1%
23.9%
9.3%
0.8%
1.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1981
0.0%
0.0%
14.9%
39.4%
27.3%
13.6%
3.1%
1.0%
0.7%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1982
0.0%
0.0%
9.3%
35.3%
32.1%
16.0%
5.6%
0.8%
0.8%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1983
0.0%
0.0%
7.9%
38.7%
28.9%
15.7%
6.8%
1.6%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1984
0.0%
0.1%
3.7%
37.6%
24.6%
27.5%
4.4%
1.7%
0.2%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1985
0.0%
0.0%
0.8%
41.3%
25.5%
23.4%
6.7%
1.7%
0.2%
0.4%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1986
0.0%
0.0%
0.8%
25.6%
47.4%
19.3%
4.6%
1.7%
0.2%
0.0%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1987
0.0%
0.0%
0.8%
22.3%
39.0%
31.2%
5.1%
1.1%
0.3%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1988
0.0%
0.7%
18.3%
50.3%
23.6%
5.8%
1.0%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1989
0.0%
0.6%
17.3%
58.9%
18.3%
3.9%
0.7%
0.1%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1990
0.0%
0.5%
17.5%
63.4%
14.1%
3.5%
0.7%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1991
0.0%
0.9%
21.2%
52.6%
20.4%
3.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1992
0.0%
1.2%
20.4%
56.4%
15.9%
4.9%
0.5%
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1993
0.0%
3.6%
19.7%
51.2%
19.6%
4.7%
0.6%
0.5%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1994
0.0%
2.1%
20.8%
52.1%
19.7%
4.4%
0.2%
0.5%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1995
0.0%
1.4%
17.5%
56.2%
17.1%
7.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1996
0.0%
1.0%
15.7%
61.5%
16.8%
4.3%
0.3%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1997
0.0%
0.6%
17.8%
56.3%
20.9%
4.1%
0.2%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1998
0.0%
1.6%
15.4%
58.5%
21.1%
2.9%
0.1%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
Car
1999
0.0%
1.7%
16.0%
63.8%
17.0%
1.2%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2000
0.0%
3.2%
15.0%
66.4%
13.5%
1.6%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2001
0.0%
2.7%
20.9%
57.1%
14.4%
4.4%
0.4%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2002
0.0%
2.3%
19.5%
60.5%
13.5%
3.6%
0.6%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2003
0.0%
1.6%
22.1%
58.5%
15.9%
1.0%
0.7%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2004
0.0%
1.0%
25.1%
50.9%
20.6%
1.3%
0.4%
0.6%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2005
0.0%
0.8%
24.8%
45.6%
26.4%
0.6%
0.3%
1.4%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2006
0.0%
1.2%
25.8%
47.1%
20.9%
3.7%
1.4%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2007
0.0%
0.7%
23.3%
37.7%
31.4%
4.7%
2.1%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2008
0.0%
0.8%
20.5%
43.3%
28.9%
3.7%
0.3%
2.5%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2009
0.0%
0.9%
12.8%
35.6%
44.0%
4.7%
0.4%
1.6%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2010
0.0%
0.4%
14.1%
30.7%
44.1%
5.6%
1.5%
3.7%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2011
0.3%
10.2%
39.3%
41.5%
5.5%
1.0%
1.9%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2012
0.0%
0.2%
7.0%
28.5%
41.5%
19.0%
1.3%
2.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2013
0.0%
0.2%
5.1%
24.1%
39.9%
26.8%
1.0%
2.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.4%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-9 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldComb
Truck
2016
RealWorldComb
Truck
2017
RealWorldComb
Truck
2018
RealWorldHwy
Car
1975
RealWorldHwy
Car
1976
RealWorldHwy
Car
1977
RealWorldHwy
Car
1978
RealWorldHwy
Car
1979
RealWorldHwy
Car
1980
RealWorldHwy
Car
1981
RealWorldHwy
Car
1982
RealWorldHwy
Car
1983
RealWorldHwy
Car
1984
RealWorldHwy
Car
1985
RealWorldHwy
Car
1986
RealWorldHwy
Car
1987
RealWorldHwy
Car
1988
RealWorldHwy
Car
1989
RealWorldHwy
Car
1990
RealWorldHwy
Car
1991
RealWorldHwy
Car
1992
RealWorldHwy
Car
1993
RealWorldHwy
Car
1994
RealWorldHwy
Car
1995
RealWorldHwy
Car
1996
RealWorldHwy
Car
1997
RealWorldHwy
Car
1998
RealWorldHwy
Car
1999
RealWorldHwy
Car
2000
RealWorldHwy
Car
2001
RealWorldHwy
Car
2002
RealWorldHwy
Car
2003
RealWorldHwy
Car
2004
RealWorldHwy
Car
2005
RealWorldHwy
Car
2006
RealWorldHwy
Car
2007
RealWorldHwy
Car
2008
RealWorldHwy
Car
2009
RealWorldHwy
Car
2010
RealWorldHwy
Car
2011
RealWorldHwy
Car
2012
RealWorldHwy
Car
2013
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-10
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldHwy
Car
2015
0.1%
5.4%
17.9%
34.4%
37.7%
1.6%
1.9%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.4%
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2016
0.0%
0.0%
4.2%
18.8%
35.9%
36.3%
2.1%
1.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2017
0.0%
0.1%
3.1%
20.1%
34.8%
30.6%
7.0%
0.9%
1.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.5%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Car
2018
0.0%
0.1%
2.2%
20.6%
30.0%
35.6%
3.4%
1.6%
1.9%
0.4%
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.6%
0.8%
1.8%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1975
20.2%
54.7%
14.9%
10.2%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1976
6.2%
66.0%
19.3%
6.7%
1.9%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1977
2.4%
58.7%
25.1%
8.1%
4.8%
0.9%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1978
1.0%
65.5%
21.6%
8.3%
3.7%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1979
10.8%
56.3%
21.1%
CO
3.5%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1980
0.1%
29.0%
41.1%
23.3%
5.8%
0.5%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1981
12.0%
51.6%
21.0%
11.1%
3.0%
1.3%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1982
12.9%
42.4%
24.3%
16.7%
3.1%
0.6%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1983
10.1%
38.0%
28.6%
19.3%
3.1%
0.9%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1984
0.0%
12.0%
39.7%
31.7%
14.7%
1.5%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1985
0.0%
11.7%
31.7%
40.0%
14.7%
1.8%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1986
5.7%
33.3%
40.0%
18.6%
2.2%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1987
8.2%
24.1%
46.4%
19.4%
1.8%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1988
7.5%
35.4%
42.2%
14.9%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1989
5.0%
39.9%
41.7%
13.4%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1990
3.4%
42.6%
44.3%
9.7%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1991
2.4%
40.1%
45.2%
12.2%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1992
1.9%
43.6%
45.1%
9.4%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1993
1.0%
44.4%
45.2%
9.5%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1994
0.9%
50.7%
38.4%
10.1%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1995
2.4%
52.9%
38.4%
6.3%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1996
2.2%
48.2%
40.5%
9.1%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1997
0.6%
58.9%
35.6%
4.8%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1998
0.0%
55.0%
37.4%
7.6%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1999
0.2%
65.7%
29.7%
4.3%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2000
0.1%
64.9%
32.3%
2.7%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2001
2.2%
65.5%
28.4%
3.9%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2002
1.4%
70.7%
23.4%
4.5%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2003
2.3%
63.5%
31.8%
2.4%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2004
0.3%
64.8%
33.4%
1.5%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2005
0.3%
53.8%
43.4%
2.6%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2006
0.2%
55.1%
39.7%
4.9%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2007
0.1%
55.9%
38.5%
5.5%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2008
0.1%
46.4%
43.2%
10.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2009
0.0%
34.0%
49.1%
16.7%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2010
0.0%
27.7%
53.1%
19.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2011
0.0%
0.2%
19.7%
59.6%
20.5%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2012
0.0%
0.0%
20.3%
58.1%
21.5%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-ll March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldHwy
Car
2015
RealWorldHwy
Car
2016
RealWorldHwy
Car
2017
RealWorldHwy
Car
2018
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1975
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1976
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1977
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1978
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1979
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1980
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1981
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1982
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1983
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1984
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1985
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1986
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1987
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1988
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1989
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1990
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1991
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1992
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1993
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1994
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1995
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1996
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1997
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1998
RealWorldHwy
Truck
1999
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2000
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2001
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2002
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2003
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2004
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2005
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2006
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2007
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2008
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2009
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2010
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2011
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2012
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-12
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2014
0.0%
0.1%
13.9%
52.9%
28.6%
4.6%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2015
0.0%
6.2%
56.2%
25.9%
11.6%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2016
0.1%
5.7%
51.0%
30.4%
12.8%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2017
0.1%
8.3%
41.9%
37.7%
11.9%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2018
0.0%
6.5%
42.8%
36.9%
13.4%
0.2%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
Car
1975
0.0%
47.9%
29.0%
14.3%
6.4%
2.4%
2Cycle5545
Car
1976
26.4%
46.9%
12.3%
10.6%
3.2%
0.7%
2Cycle5545
Car
1977
0.0%
15.8%
56.8%
10.8%
8.6%
5.6%
1.0%
1.3%
2Cycle5545
Car
1978
0.0%
5.7%
50.2%
23.8%
10.7%
5.6%
3.4%
0.5%
2Cycle5545
Car
1979
0.0%
3.5%
47.6%
27.2%
14.0%
6.3%
1.0%
0.3%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1980
0.0%
0.0%
19.7%
39.1%
25.4%
11.8%
2.0%
1.7%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
Car
1981
0.0%
0.0%
10.3%
38.0%
26.7%
16.9%
5.3%
1.7%
1.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
1982
0.0%
0.0%
13.1%
27.4%
29.3%
20.8%
6.6%
1.7%
0.8%
0.3%
2Cycle5545
Car
1983
0.0%
0.0%
11.6%
34.7%
18.8%
22.0%
9.9%
2.2%
0.6%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1984
0.0%
0.0%
7.9%
33.7%
24.6%
23.5%
6.7%
2.7%
0.6%
0.2%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1985
0.0%
0.0%
0.8%
43.0%
15.1%
30.9%
7.8%
1.2%
0.9%
0.0%
0.4%
2Cycle5545
Car
1986
0.0%
0.0%
0.7%
28.0%
34.8%
24.2%
CO
1.8%
1.5%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
Car
1987
0.0%
0.0%
0.7%
25.0%
31.2%
32.0%
00
00
2?
0.9%
0.9%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1988
0.0%
0.0%
0.5%
19.3%
35.6%
32.6%
7.9%
2.0%
1.6%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1989
0.0%
0.0%
0.5%
20.6%
41.0%
28.2%
7.1%
1.1%
1.1%
0.3%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1990
0.0%
0.5%
17.2%
50.7%
23.4%
6.5%
1.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
1991
0.0%
0.5%
21.2%
44.2%
23.7%
7.5%
2.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.6%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
1992
0.0%
0.8%
27.6%
41.5%
20.7%
6.7%
1.7%
0.3%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1993
0.0%
3.4%
17.4%
46.7%
22.9%
7.1%
1.7%
0.1%
0.2%
0.5%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1994
0.0%
0.3%
24.4%
43.8%
22.7%
6.5%
1.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
1995
0.0%
1.0%
17.5%
47.8%
21.6%
9.8%
1.5%
0.4%
0.4%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
1996
0.0%
0.4%
17.5%
48.4%
22.4%
9.4%
1.3%
0.3%
0.3%
2Cycle5545
Car
1997
0.0%
0.5%
17.4%
46.0%
24.3%
10.2%
1.2%
0.2%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
Car
1998
0.0%
0.1%
15.9%
49.7%
22.1%
11.4%
0.4%
0.1%
0.3%
2Cycle5545
Car
1999
0.0%
0.1%
16.8%
54.7%
18.2%
9.7%
0.2%
0.0%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
Car
2000
0.0%
0.8%
17.4%
53.9%
19.6%
7.6%
0.4%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
2001
0.0%
0.2%
17.1%
50.7%
21.9%
8.1%
1.6%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2002
0.0%
0.2%
15.1%
50.9%
24.9%
7.3%
1.2%
0.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2003
0.0%
0.2%
15.2%
46.8%
26.2%
9.4%
1.4%
0.0%
0.2%
0.5%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2004
0.0%
0.3%
16.4%
46.1%
25.4%
9.9%
0.9%
0.1%
0.3%
0.6%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2005
0.0%
0.3%
16.9%
41.4%
26.8%
11.5%
1.1%
0.1%
0.3%
1.4%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2006
0.0%
0.6%
16.4%
42.1%
26.4%
11.9%
1.3%
0.0%
0.4%
1.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2007
0.0%
0.5%
14.9%
37.2%
27.2%
14.7%
2.5%
0.8%
0.4%
1.8%
2Cycle5545
Car
2008
0.0%
0.5%
12.3%
41.0%
25.2%
15.5%
2.4%
0.7%
0.4%
2.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
2009
0.0%
0.4%
6.3%
31.2%
34.8%
16.6%
7.7%
1.3%
0.3%
1.3%
2Cycle5545
Car
2010
0.0%
0.4%
5.4%
26.0%
31.4%
28.0%
2.6%
1.4%
0.5%
0.7%
3.6%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2011
0.0%
0.2%
4.9%
28.3%
33.5%
23.9%
5.1%
0.9%
0.6%
0.4%
1.9%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-13 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2014
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2015
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2016
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2017
RealWorldHwy
Truck
2018
2Cycle5545
Car
1975
2Cycle5545
Car
1976
2Cycle5545
Car
1977
2Cycle5545
Car
1978
2Cycle5545
Car
1979
2Cycle5545
Car
1980
2Cycle5545
Car
1981
2Cycle5545
Car
1982
2Cycle5545
Car
1983
2Cycle5545
Car
1984
2Cycle5545
Car
1985
2Cycle5545
Car
1986
2Cycle5545
Car
1987
2Cycle5545
Car
1988
2Cycle5545
Car
1989
2Cycle5545
Car
1990
2Cycle5545
Car
1991
2Cycle5545
Car
1992
2Cycle5545
Car
1993
2Cycle5545
Car
1994
2Cycle5545
Car
1995
2Cycle5545
Car
1996
2Cycle5545
Car
1997
2Cycle5545
Car
1998
2Cycle5545
Car
1999
2Cycle5545
Car
2000
2Cycle5545
Car
2001
2Cycle5545
Car
2002
2Cycle5545
Car
2003
2Cycle5545
Car
2004
2Cycle5545
Car
2005
2Cycle5545
Car
2006
2Cycle5545
Car
2007
2Cycle5545
Car
2008
2Cycle5545
Car
2009
2Cycle5545
Car
2010
2Cycle5545
Car
2011
0.1%
0.0%
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-14
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
2Cycle5545
Car
2013
0.0%
0.2%
2.9%
15.4%
28.8%
20.5%
24.0%
2.3%
0.7%
1.8%
0.1%
2.3%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2014
0.0%
0.2%
2.9%
15.9%
27.2%
21.5%
21.7%
5.2%
1.0%
1.5%
0.1%
0.1%
1.8%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2015
0.0%
0.2%
3.0%
12.0%
25.1%
24.3%
25.3%
4.5%
1.3%
0.9%
0.1%
0.2%
2.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2016
0.1%
2.7%
9.6%
23.8%
26.4%
24.3%
8.6%
0.8%
1.1%
0.1%
0.0%
1.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2017
0.1%
2.2%
8.3%
25.7%
23.0%
25.8%
8.4%
0.6%
1.0%
0.8%
0.6%
1.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2018
0.0%
0.1%
2.1%
8.0%
22.0%
20.0%
27.9%
10.0%
0.4%
0.5%
1.6%
0.9%
1.7%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.8%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1975
2.5%
68.1%
18.4%
11.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1976
0.1%
63.2%
24.9%
9.9%
1.9%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1977
0.1%
53.2%
31.5%
7.2%
6.7%
1.3%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1978
0.1%
58.6%
27.5%
5.8%
7.2%
0.9%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1979
1.4%
55.1%
30.3%
9.1%
3.0%
1.1%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1980
0.0%
17.9%
46.5%
21.7%
11.8%
1.5%
0.6%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1981
7.4%
47.6%
23.3%
14.7%
3.7%
1.9%
1.3%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1982
8.3%
41.6%
26.3%
14.9%
6.3%
2.0%
0.6%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1983
6.9%
36.0%
28.1%
20.9%
6.0%
1.9%
0.2%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1984
7.6%
34.8%
36.2%
14.6%
5.8%
0.9%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1985
7.2%
32.6%
37.6%
17.8%
4.4%
0.3%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1986
2.7%
32.9%
36.3%
22.8%
5.1%
0.2%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1987
2.7%
26.5%
43.4%
22.1%
5.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1988
2.2%
37.8%
36.9%
16.2%
6.9%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1989
3.0%
35.8%
41.8%
16.7%
2.7%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1990
3.4%
36.4%
43.2%
13.4%
3.6%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1991
1.1%
31.0%
51.9%
13.4%
2.5%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1992
1.4%
41.2%
43.5%
12.9%
1.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1993
0.2%
35.0%
49.6%
14.9%
0.3%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1994
0.1%
40.6%
45.9%
13.0%
0.4%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1995
0.3%
46.7%
38.4%
14.5%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1996
1.1%
38.2%
48.4%
12.3%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1997
0.0%
42.7%
47.7%
9.6%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1998
35.7%
51.6%
12.7%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1999
44.0%
46.7%
9.2%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2000
39.3%
50.0%
10.7%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2001
0.1%
45.7%
45.4%
8.9%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2002
50.5%
40.6%
8.2%
0.7%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2003
0.0%
45.4%
41.5%
12.7%
0.4%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2004
0.0%
45.2%
43.5%
11.1%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2005
0.1%
40.4%
43.8%
15.5%
0.2%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2006
0.0%
34.2%
48.8%
15.3%
1.1%
0.5%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2007
27.5%
58.5%
12.7%
1.0%
0.3%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2008
21.5%
60.1%
14.6%
3.1%
0.7%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2009
13.5%
57.9%
23.6%
4.4%
0.6%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2010
16.7%
50.9%
21.7%
10.0%
0.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-15 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
2Cycle5545
Car
2013
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2014
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2015
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Car
2016
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Car
2017
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.4%
2Cycle5545
Car
2018
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.4%
0.5%
0.3%
1.8%
2Cycle5545
Truck
1975
2Cycle5545
Truck
1976
2Cycle5545
Truck
1977
2Cycle5545
Truck
1978
2Cycle5545
Truck
1979
2Cycle5545
Truck
1980
2Cycle5545
Truck
1981
2Cycle5545
Truck
1982
2Cycle5545
Truck
1983
2Cycle5545
Truck
1984
2Cycle5545
Truck
1985
2Cycle5545
Truck
1986
2Cycle5545
Truck
1987
2Cycle5545
Truck
1988
2Cycle5545
Truck
1989
2Cycle5545
Truck
1990
2Cycle5545
Truck
1991
2Cycle5545
Truck
1992
2Cycle5545
Truck
1993
2Cycle5545
Truck
1994
2Cycle5545
Truck
1995
2Cycle5545
Truck
1996
2Cycle5545
Truck
1997
2Cycle5545
Truck
1998
2Cycle5545
Truck
1999
2Cycle5545
Truck
2000
2Cycle5545
Truck
2001
2Cycle5545
Truck
2002
2Cycle5545
Truck
2003
2Cycle5545
Truck
2004
2Cycle5545
Truck
2005
2Cycle5545
Truck
2006
2Cycle5545
Truck
2007
2Cycle5545
Truck
2008
2Cycle5545
Truck
2009
2Cycle5545
Truck
2010
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-16
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
2Cycle5545
Truck
2012
0.0%
10.2%
48.2%
29.6%
11.7%
0.3%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2013
0.0%
7.6%
45.1%
28.3%
17.2%
1.7%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2014
0.0%
5.0%
40.5%
32.2%
17.5%
4.7%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2015
2.2%
37.4%
33.4%
14.4%
12.4%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2016
2.1%
34.2%
37.5%
12.6%
12.8%
0.7%
0.0%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2017
0.0%
2.0%
31.3%
40.0%
14.1%
9.8%
2.5%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
Truck
2018
0.0%
1.8%
27.9%
36.7%
19.3%
10.8%
3.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
2CycleCity
Car
1975
7.1%
53.8%
26.6%
10.0%
2.5%
2CycleCity
Car
1976
0.9%
47.2%
35.6%
10.7%
4.9%
0.7%
2CycleCity
Car
1977
0.4%
38.9%
41.6%
9.5%
7.4%
1.0%
1.4%
2CycleCity
Car
1978
0.3%
26.0%
49.0%
13.7%
6.1%
3.5%
1.3%
2CycleCity
Car
1979
0.0%
18.6%
53.7%
15.1%
10.5%
1.7%
0.3%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1980
0.0%
5.5%
41.6%
33.8%
12.8%
4.4%
0.8%
1.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1981
0.0%
0.0%
2.5%
37.4%
29.3%
21.7%
5.9%
2.2%
1.0%
2CycleCity
Car
1982
0.0%
1.4%
27.6%
33.1%
25.8%
9.2%
1.8%
0.8%
0.3%
2CycleCity
Car
1983
0.0%
0.3%
34.8%
26.9%
22.4%
12.6%
2.4%
0.5%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1984
0.0%
0.0%
26.7%
33.4%
28.7%
7.6%
2.5%
0.8%
0.2%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1985
0.0%
0.1%
30.1%
25.1%
33.8%
8.2%
1.4%
0.8%
0.1%
0.4%
2CycleCity
Car
1986
0.0%
0.2%
19.3%
38.1%
29.5%
9.1%
1.8%
1.3%
0.5%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
2CycleCity
Car
1987
0.0%
0.1%
17.1%
35.2%
34.1%
11.1%
0.9%
0.9%
0.3%
0.2%
2CycleCity
Car
1988
0.0%
0.2%
16.4%
34.1%
34.7%
11.1%
1.4%
1.8%
0.2%
0.2%
2CycleCity
Car
1989
0.0%
0.2%
14.7%
42.6%
31.5%
8.3%
1.1%
1.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1990
0.0%
0.2%
14.0%
49.3%
26.2%
8.7%
1.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
1991
0.0%
0.1%
18.1%
43.4%
26.5%
9.2%
1.8%
0.2%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
1992
0.0%
0.2%
21.1%
47.6%
20.7%
7.1%
2.2%
0.3%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1993
0.0%
0.1%
17.4%
46.5%
26.0%
7.4%
1.7%
0.1%
0.2%
0.5%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1994
0.1%
18.1%
45.5%
27.1%
6.7%
1.5%
0.3%
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1995
0.0%
0.1%
16.4%
46.4%
25.3%
9.7%
1.2%
0.4%
0.4%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
1996
0.0%
0.1%
15.1%
50.0%
23.1%
9.9%
1.3%
0.3%
0.3%
2CycleCity
Car
1997
0.1%
15.0%
48.3%
24.4%
10.7%
1.3%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
1998
0.1%
13.6%
47.0%
27.7%
10.3%
1.1%
0.1%
0.2%
2CycleCity
Car
1999
0.0%
0.0%
14.0%
53.3%
23.1%
8.8%
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
2000
0.0%
0.1%
14.7%
52.8%
24.2%
7.6%
0.4%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
2001
0.0%
0.1%
14.6%
50.7%
24.7%
7.7%
1.9%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2002
0.1%
11.5%
50.2%
28.5%
8.0%
1.2%
0.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2003
0.0%
0.1%
10.3%
48.3%
30.4%
9.0%
1.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.4%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2004
0.1%
12.8%
47.7%
28.0%
9.5%
0.8%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.6%
2CycleCity
Car
2005
0.2%
11.5%
44.1%
30.5%
11.0%
0.9%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
1.4%
2CycleCity
Car
2006
0.0%
0.3%
11.3%
48.1%
26.2%
11.6%
1.2%
0.0%
0.4%
0.0%
1.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2007
0.3%
8.8%
40.7%
30.6%
14.1%
2.4%
0.8%
0.1%
0.4%
1.8%
2CycleCity
Car
2008
0.0%
0.3%
7.7%
43.0%
28.0%
15.4%
2.2%
0.7%
0.3%
0.4%
2.1%
2CycleCity
Car
2009
0.2%
4.3%
29.8%
37.6%
21.3%
3.8%
1.0%
0.4%
0.3%
1.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-17 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
2Cycle5545
2Cycle5545
Truck
2012
2Cycle5545
Truck
2013
2Cycle5545
Truck
2014
2Cycle5545
Truck
2015
2Cycle5545
Truck
2016
2Cycle5545
Truck
2017
2Cycle5545
Truck
2018
2CycleCity
Car
1975
2CycleCity
Car
1976
2CycleCity
Car
1977
2CycleCity
Car
1978
2CycleCity
Car
1979
2CycleCity
Car
1980
2CycleCity
Car
1981
2CycleCity
Car
1982
2CycleCity
Car
1983
2CycleCity
Car
1984
2CycleCity
Car
1985
2CycleCity
Car
1986
2CycleCity
Car
1987
2CycleCity
Car
1988
2CycleCity
Car
1989
2CycleCity
Car
1990
2CycleCity
Car
1991
2CycleCity
Car
1992
2CycleCity
Car
1993
2CycleCity
Car
1994
2CycleCity
Car
1995
2CycleCity
Car
1996
2CycleCity
Car
1997
2CycleCity
Car
1998
2CycleCity
Car
1999
2CycleCity
Car
2000
2CycleCity
Car
2001
2CycleCity
Car
2002
2CycleCity
Car
2003
2CycleCity
Car
2004
2CycleCity
Car
2005
2CycleCity
Car
2006
2CycleCity
Car
2007
2CycleCity
Car
2008
2CycleCity
Car
2009
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-18
March 2019
-------
JLCR
vcn
m 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
oi»c3
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
2CycleCity
Car
2010
2CycleCity
Car
2011
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Car
2012
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2013
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2014
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2015
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.4%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2016
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2017
0.0%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Car
2018
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.5%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.5%
0.5%
0.3%
1.8%
2CycleCity
Truck
1975
2CycleCity
Truck
1976
2CycleCity
Truck
1977
2CycleCity
Truck
1978
2CycleCity
Truck
1979
2CycleCity
Truck
1980
2CycleCity
Truck
1981
2CycleCity
Truck
1982
2CycleCity
Truck
1983
2CycleCity
Truck
1984
2CycleCity
Truck
1985
2CycleCity
Truck
1986
2CycleCity
Truck
1987
2CycleCity
Truck
1988
2CycleCity
Truck
1989
2CycleCity
Truck
1990
2CycleCity
Truck
1991
2CycleCity
Truck
1992
2CycleCity
Truck
1993
2CycleCity
Truck
1994
2CycleCity
Truck
1995
2CycleCity
Truck
1996
2CycleCity
Truck
1997
2CycleCity
Truck
1998
2CycleCity
Truck
1999
2CycleCity
Truck
2000
2CycleCity
Truck
2001
2CycleCity
Truck
2002
2CycleCity
Truck
2003
2CycleCity
Truck
2004
2CycleCity
Truck
2005
2CycleCity
Truck
2006
2CycleCity
Truck
2007
2CycleCity
Truck
2008
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-20
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
2CycleCity
Truck
2010
0.7%
56.6%
27.1%
14.8%
0.6%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Truck
2011
0.0%
1.1%
48.9%
34.2%
15.3%
0.2%
0.3%
2CycleCity
Truck
2012
0.9%
42.8%
41.3%
14.7%
0.3%
2CycleCity
Truck
2013
0.9%
38.5%
39.7%
17.1%
3.5%
0.4%
2CycleCity
Truck
2014
0.5%
32.2%
44.3%
15.4%
7.4%
0.3%
2CycleCity
Truck
2015
0.2%
27.2%
44.4%
14.4%
13.5%
0.3%
0.0%
2CycleCity
Truck
2016
0.0%
25.8%
43.8%
14.8%
14.6%
0.1%
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Truck
2017
0.1%
25.4%
46.3%
14.5%
10.9%
1.7%
0.4%
0.7%
0.1%
2CycleCity
Truck
2018
0.1%
16.3%
47.8%
21.3%
10.8%
2.0%
0.7%
0.7%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
1975
9.1%
53.2%
15.2%
10.5%
7.5%
2.5%
2.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
1976
0.8%
40.9%
34.9%
6.4%
10.7%
3.8%
2.5%
2CycleHwy
Car
1977
0.1%
31.9%
41.8%
9.3%
5.9%
5.3%
3.6%
1.3%
0.6%
2CycleHwy
Car
1978
0.2%
14.1%
45.0%
19.0%
10.2%
5.4%
4.1%
1.8%
0.3%
2CycleHwy
Car
1979
0.1%
12.3%
46.0%
17.6%
12.2%
8.1%
2.9%
0.6%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
1980
0.0%
1.0%
17.9%
33.7%
27.2%
12.0%
6.3%
0.7%
1.0%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
1981
0.0%
0.0%
11.0%
33.3%
25.6%
15.6%
9.9%
2.7%
0.5%
1.3%
2CycleHwy
Car
1982
0.0%
0.0%
6.8%
25.6%
22.1%
28.8%
9.6%
4.7%
1.5%
0.9%
2CycleHwy
Car
1983
0.0%
0.0%
5.3%
36.2%
18.8%
18.5%
13.1%
5.5%
2.0%
0.4%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
1984
0.0%
0.1%
2.4%
29.1%
25.7%
23.5%
12.7%
3.3%
2.0%
1.0%
0.2%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
1985
0.0%
0.0%
0.8%
20.7%
32.7%
22.4%
14.8%
5.7%
1.7%
0.8%
0.0%
0.4%
2CycleHwy
Car
1986
0.0%
0.0%
0.7%
13.2%
28.3%
37.7%
13.0%
3.3%
2.7%
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
1987
0.0%
0.0%
0.7%
10.5%
32.4%
35.4%
14.0%
5.2%
1.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
1988
0.0%
0.0%
0.7%
8.4%
26.1%
41.8%
15.5%
4.6%
2.5%
0.2%
0.0%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
1989
0.0%
0.0%
0.6%
5.1%
30.4%
44.0%
12.9%
4.8%
1.7%
0.0%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
1990
0.0%
0.0%
0.5%
7.9%
30.5%
45.3%
10.4%
4.2%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
1991
0.0%
0.0%
0.8%
5.0%
34.2%
37.1%
15.7%
5.5%
0.9%
0.2%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
1992
0.0%
0.0%
0.8%
4.4%
35.8%
39.8%
10.5%
6.0%
1.6%
0.3%
0.5%
0.0%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
1993
0.0%
0.0%
1.5%
6.0%
27.9%
40.0%
16.2%
5.9%
1.6%
0.2%
0.5%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
1994
0.0%
0.8%
4.3%
28.7%
41.7%
13.5%
8.5%
1.5%
0.2%
0.5%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
1995
0.0%
0.0%
0.6%
2.4%
21.3%
50.5%
14.8%
8.2%
1.5%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
1996
0.0%
0.4%
3.0%
29.1%
45.2%
12.1%
7.7%
2.0%
0.1%
0.3%
2CycleHwy
Car
1997
0.0%
0.4%
2.6%
26.3%
43.8%
19.0%
6.3%
1.1%
0.2%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
1998
0.0%
0.1%
5.3%
16.1%
50.8%
17.3%
9.4%
0.6%
0.0%
0.3%
2CycleHwy
Car
1999
0.0%
0.0%
5.1%
17.6%
56.4%
14.1%
5.9%
0.6%
0.0%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Car
2000
0.0%
0.7%
5.9%
17.9%
55.0%
15.7%
4.0%
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
2001
0.0%
0.6%
6.0%
27.3%
40.3%
16.0%
6.6%
2.8%
0.3%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2002
0.0%
0.6%
4.1%
22.6%
43.9%
19.4%
6.7%
2.0%
0.5%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2003
0.0%
0.1%
3.9%
23.1%
38.2%
25.3%
7.8%
0.7%
0.3%
0.6%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2004
0.0%
0.1%
5.1%
22.5%
39.5%
23.3%
8.0%
0.4%
0.2%
0.9%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2005
0.0%
0.1%
3.2%
23.1%
33.0%
29.7%
8.5%
0.5%
0.2%
1.7%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2006
0.0%
0.3%
3.1%
23.9%
37.3%
24.4%
5.9%
3.6%
0.0%
1.4%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2007
0.0%
0.2%
2.4%
21.6%
32.8%
26.6%
10.9%
3.3%
2.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-21 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
2CycleCity
Truck
2010
2CycleCity
Truck
2011
2CycleCity
Truck
2012
2CycleCity
Truck
2013
2CycleCity
Truck
2014
2CycleCity
Truck
2015
2CycleCity
Truck
2016
2CycleCity
Truck
2017
0.0%
2CycleCity
Truck
2018
2CycleHwy
Car
1975
2CycleHwy
Car
1976
2CycleHwy
Car
1977
2CycleHwy
Car
1978
2CycleHwy
Car
1979
2CycleHwy
Car
1980
2CycleHwy
Car
1981
2CycleHwy
Car
1982
2CycleHwy
Car
1983
2CycleHwy
Car
1984
2CycleHwy
Car
1985
2CycleHwy
Car
1986
2CycleHwy
Car
1987
2CycleHwy
Car
1988
2CycleHwy
Car
1989
2CycleHwy
Car
1990
2CycleHwy
Car
1991
2CycleHwy
Car
1992
2CycleHwy
Car
1993
2CycleHwy
Car
1994
2CycleHwy
Car
1995
2CycleHwy
Car
1996
2CycleHwy
Car
1997
2CycleHwy
Car
1998
2CycleHwy
Car
1999
2CycleHwy
Car
2000
2CycleHwy
Car
2001
2CycleHwy
Car
2002
2CycleHwy
Car
2003
2CycleHwy
Car
2004
2CycleHwy
Car
2005
2CycleHwy
Car
2006
2CycleHwy
Car
2007
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-22
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
2CycleHwy
Car
2009
0.0%
0.1%
1.8%
12.0%
25.9%
33.0%
20.8%
4.0%
0.8%
1.6%
2CycleHwy
Car
2010
0.0%
0.1%
0.7%
14.3%
20.5%
24.0%
29.8%
5.4%
0.9%
0.7%
3.6%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2011
0.1%
0.7%
9.9%
25.1%
21.0%
31.3%
6.8%
2.6%
0.4%
1.9%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2012
0.0%
0.1%
0.5%
6.5%
16.5%
20.5%
31.1%
13.5%
2?
CO
0.3%
2.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2013
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
4.3%
13.7%
23.4%
24.6%
16.9%
13.3%
0.3%
2.3%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2014
0.0%
0.1%
0.3%
4.3%
12.5%
23.2%
21.6%
24.7%
9.9%
0.7%
1.8%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2015
0.0%
0.3%
4.9%
9.6%
18.7%
21.8%
28.7%
11.6%
1.0%
2.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2016
0.0%
0.5%
3.2%
9.0%
19.6%
23.7%
26.9%
12.7%
1.8%
0.3%
0.9%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
2017
0.0%
0.4%
2.9%
8.9%
20.9%
24.3%
22.4%
13.4%
2.8%
0.6%
0.9%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
2018
0.0%
0.0%
0.4%
1.7%
00
00
2?
20.3%
18.9%
21.4%
17.1%
4.0%
0.6%
1.8%
0.3%
0.0%
0.8%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1975
0.0%
38.8%
38.9%
12.1%
7.7%
2.5%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1976
32.8%
42.7%
15.9%
3.9%
4.7%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1977
18.5%
45.6%
22.0%
5.0%
7.7%
1.3%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1978
31.4%
37.1%
19.0%
5.3%
6.3%
0.9%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1979
0.6%
33.4%
37.0%
16.9%
7.7%
2.3%
1.9%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1980
3.2%
31.8%
33.5%
14.4%
12.8%
3.8%
0.5%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1981
0.5%
14.5%
48.1%
16.2%
11.6%
5.8%
1.9%
0.7%
0.7%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1982
2.2%
14.0%
38.0%
18.4%
18.5%
6.7%
1.6%
0.6%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1983
0.8%
13.2%
34.0%
21.4%
20.5%
7.8%
1.5%
0.8%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1984
0.9%
12.6%
33.5%
27.1%
15.0%
9.9%
0.6%
0.3%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1985
0.3%
21.1%
21.0%
30.3%
22.0%
3.8%
1.3%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1986
0.2%
12.6%
23.6%
35.2%
21.2%
7.1%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1987
0.1%
9.3%
21.4%
39.1%
23.0%
7.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1988
0.1%
7.6%
31.5%
33.2%
19.1%
8.5%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1989
0.4%
5.4%
33.6%
39.1%
17.3%
4.3%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1990
0.5%
5.0%
36.2%
38.2%
15.6%
4.5%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1991
0.1%
3.4%
28.4%
47.6%
17.8%
2.7%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1992
0.1%
2.0%
38.2%
37.2%
18.2%
4.3%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1993
0.1%
0.9%
31.0%
44.8%
19.9%
3.4%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1994
2.9%
36.9%
41.3%
16.9%
2.0%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1995
2.8%
43.1%
27.1%
21.7%
5.2%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1996
2.3%
38.0%
30.6%
26.3%
2.7%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1997
0.6%
40.6%
37.9%
16.6%
4.3%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1998
33.9%
35.5%
28.3%
2.3%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1999
0.2%
41.5%
35.7%
21.2%
1.3%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2000
0.1%
38.3%
37.3%
23.7%
0.6%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2001
0.1%
46.3%
30.4%
22.4%
0.7%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2002
0.9%
47.2%
33.1%
18.1%
0.7%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2003
0.0%
38.4%
36.3%
24.4%
0.8%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2004
0.1%
43.5%
35.2%
20.8%
0.4%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2005
0.1%
33.7%
38.2%
25.4%
2.6%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2006
0.0%
30.0%
40.8%
24.3%
4.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-23 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
2CycleHwy
2CycleHwy
Car
2009
2CycleHwy
Car
2010
2CycleHwy
Car
2011
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2012
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2013
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2014
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
2015
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Car
2016
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2017
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Car
2018
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.6%
0.0%
0.0%
0.8%
1.8%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Truck
1975
2CycleHwy
Truck
1976
2CycleHwy
Truck
1977
2CycleHwy
Truck
1978
2CycleHwy
Truck
1979
2CycleHwy
Truck
1980
2CycleHwy
Truck
1981
2CycleHwy
Truck
1982
2CycleHwy
Truck
1983
2CycleHwy
Truck
1984
2CycleHwy
Truck
1985
2CycleHwy
Truck
1986
2CycleHwy
Truck
1987
2CycleHwy
Truck
1988
2CycleHwy
Truck
1989
2CycleHwy
Truck
1990
2CycleHwy
Truck
1991
2CycleHwy
Truck
1992
2CycleHwy
Truck
1993
2CycleHwy
Truck
1994
2CycleHwy
Truck
1995
2CycleHwy
Truck
1996
2CycleHwy
Truck
1997
2CycleHwy
Truck
1998
2CycleHwy
Truck
1999
2CycleHwy
Truck
2000
2CycleHwy
Truck
2001
2CycleHwy
Truck
2002
2CycleHwy
Truck
2003
2CycleHwy
Truck
2004
2CycleHwy
Truck
2005
2CycleHwy
Truck
2006
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-24
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
2CycleHwy
Truck
2008
0.1%
15.4%
45.9%
28.8%
9.7%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2009
0.0%
9.0%
39.1%
36.0%
15.7%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2010
0.0%
11.0%
37.0%
35.2%
15.3%
1.5%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2011
0.0%
0.2%
6.4%
36.8%
35.9%
18.2%
2.4%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2012
0.0%
0.0%
5.9%
36.2%
28.8%
23.7%
5.6%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2013
0.0%
0.0%
4.8%
33.4%
32.8%
15.8%
12.4%
0.9%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2014
0.0%
0.0%
4.0%
23.0%
33.5%
23.8%
14.4%
1.4%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2015
1.7%
17.0%
39.8%
21.8%
13.2%
6.5%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2016
0.0%
1.6%
16.8%
37.6%
22.8%
16.9%
4.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2017
0.0%
1.8%
15.5%
34.8%
27.5%
10.2%
10.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
Truck
2018
0.0%
1.8%
10.8%
33.8%
28.1%
16.2%
00
00
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
1975
22.3%
52.3%
19.0%
6.3%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
1976
6.8%
61.1%
21.1%
9.0%
2.0%
RealWorldCity
All
1977
4.9%
62.0%
19.6%
7.5%
4.5%
1.0%
0.4%
RealWorldCity
All
1978
2.3%
50.9%
29.4%
10.3%
5.6%
1.2%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
All
1979
4.1%
47.8%
31.6%
13.2%
2.8%
0.3%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
All
1980
0.1%
22.2%
42.7%
26.2%
6.8%
1.0%
1.0%
RealWorldCity
All
1981
0.0%
0.0%
15.8%
42.8%
26.9%
10.4%
3.3%
0.8%
RealWorldCity
All
1982
0.1%
13.7%
37.6%
33.4%
10.9%
2.8%
1.2%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
1983
0.0%
18.5%
37.6%
23.7%
14.6%
4.7%
0.7%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
1984
0.2%
15.2%
39.1%
28.8%
11.8%
4.0%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
1985
0.0%
9.2%
46.1%
28.9%
11.0%
3.9%
0.6%
0.0%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
All
1986
0.1%
9.1%
42.5%
32.9%
11.5%
2.4%
0.9%
0.4%
0.0%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
1987
0.0%
7.4%
42.8%
32.1%
15.3%
1.3%
0.7%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
1988
0.0%
10.4%
41.2%
32.4%
12.9%
1.5%
1.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
1989
0.0%
10.9%
46.9%
29.2%
11.0%
0.9%
0.8%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
1990
0.1%
11.1%
48.0%
30.6%
00
o
1.7%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
1991
0.0%
11.2%
49.8%
29.8%
7.1%
1.5%
0.1%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
1992
0.0%
16.4%
51.4%
24.5%
5.3%
1.5%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
1993
0.0%
16.4%
48.2%
27.1%
6.6%
1.1%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
1994
0.0%
18.6%
48.9%
26.4%
4.7%
0.9%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
1995
0.0%
18.9%
49.8%
23.8%
6.2%
1.0%
0.2%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
1996
0.0%
18.7%
51.2%
22.7%
6.3%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
1997
0.0%
22.2%
46.6%
25.2%
5.1%
0.7%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
1998
0.0%
21.1%
49.3%
22.9%
6.4%
0.2%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
1999
0.0%
25.9%
49.8%
19.5%
4.6%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
2000
0.0%
26.3%
50.5%
20.0%
2.9%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2001
0.0%
28.2%
50.0%
16.6%
4.8%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2002
0.0%
31.0%
47.2%
17.7%
3.9%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2003
0.0%
29.4%
47.7%
18.0%
4.4%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2004
0.0%
35.6%
43.8%
16.1%
3.9%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
RealWorldCity
All
2005
0.0%
28.8%
47.5%
17.5%
5.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-25 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
2CycleHwy
Truck
2008
2CycleHwy
Truck
2009
2CycleHwy
Truck
2010
2CycleHwy
Truck
2011
2CycleHwy
Truck
2012
2CycleHwy
Truck
2013
2CycleHwy
Truck
2014
2CycleHwy
Truck
2015
2CycleHwy
Truck
2016
2CycleHwy
Truck
2017
2CycleHwy
Truck
2018
RealWorldCity
All
1975
RealWorldCity
All
1976
RealWorldCity
All
1977
RealWorldCity
All
1978
RealWorldCity
All
1979
RealWorldCity
All
1980
RealWorldCity
All
1981
RealWorldCity
All
1982
RealWorldCity
All
1983
RealWorldCity
All
1984
RealWorldCity
All
1985
RealWorldCity
All
1986
RealWorldCity
All
1987
RealWorldCity
All
1988
RealWorldCity
All
1989
RealWorldCity
All
1990
RealWorldCity
All
1991
RealWorldCity
All
1992
RealWorldCity
All
1993
RealWorldCity
All
1994
RealWorldCity
All
1995
RealWorldCity
All
1996
RealWorldCity
All
1997
RealWorldCity
All
1998
RealWorldCity
All
1999
RealWorldCity
All
2000
RealWorldCity
All
2001
RealWorldCity
All
2002
RealWorldCity
All
2003
RealWorldCity
All
2004
RealWorldCity
All
2005
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-26
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldCity
All
2007
0.0%
25.6%
44.2%
22.0%
6.3%
0.5%
0.0%
0.2%
1.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2008
0.0%
23.1%
46.1%
22.4%
6.3%
0.5%
0.1%
0.2%
1.2%
RealWorldCity
All
2009
0.0%
14.7%
41.0%
29.8%
12.5%
0.8%
0.1%
0.2%
0.9%
RealWorldCity
All
2010
0.0%
15.0%
37.1%
32.0%
12.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.8%
2.3%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2011
0.0%
14.6%
40.4%
34.5%
8.3%
0.6%
0.1%
0.2%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
2012
0.0%
11.4%
35.0%
33.0%
16.5%
1.1%
0.4%
0.9%
0.9%
0.3%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2013
0.0%
10.8%
31.3%
32.1%
20.5%
1.5%
0.5%
1.3%
1.0%
0.3%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
2014
0.0%
7.8%
36.2%
33.3%
17.8%
1.7%
0.5%
1.0%
0.7%
0.2%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2015
0.0%
4.7%
36.1%
32.3%
21.7%
2.1%
0.5%
0.7%
1.0%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
2016
7.0%
31.6%
33.4%
21.7%
4.0%
0.3%
0.6%
0.0%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
2017
0.0%
7.8%
32.0%
29.5%
23.7%
3.7%
0.4%
0.7%
0.3%
0.5%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldCity
All
2018
0.0%
3.5%
33.4%
29.1%
24.0%
4.8%
0.3%
0.7%
0.5%
1.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.8%
1.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
1975
10.7%
56.3%
22.7%
7.8%
2.5%
RealWorldComb
All
1976
2.8%
59.4%
22.8%
11.5%
3.0%
0.5%
RealWorldComb
All
1977
0.9%
48.4%
33.3%
10.0%
5.5%
1.2%
0.7%
RealWorldComb
All
1978
0.9%
36.2%
41.7%
12.5%
5.6%
2.8%
0.3%
RealWorldComb
All
1979
3.2%
31.9%
41.8%
15.5%
6.5%
0.8%
0.3%
RealWorldComb
All
1980
0.0%
11.4%
43.6%
30.7%
10.8%
2.3%
1.0%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
All
1981
0.0%
0.0%
6.1%
40.2%
30.6%
16.4%
4.6%
1.3%
0.7%
RealWorldComb
All
1982
0.0%
4.5%
33.9%
30.1%
24.0%
5.8%
1.1%
0.6%
RealWorldComb
All
1983
0.0%
4.9%
35.3%
28.9%
21.4%
7.6%
1.5%
0.3%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
1984
0.0%
5.8%
30.7%
31.2%
25.1%
4.4%
2.3%
0.3%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
1985
0.0%
7.0%
30.7%
28.6%
26.4%
5.5%
1.1%
0.3%
0.3%
RealWorldComb
All
1986
0.0%
5.7%
23.6%
35.6%
27.8%
5.3%
1.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
All
1987
0.0%
4.9%
23.3%
38.2%
25.8%
6.3%
1.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
1988
0.0%
5.4%
25.7%
35.1%
26.0%
5.7%
1.8%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
1989
0.0%
5.8%
26.4%
39.7%
22.1%
4.3%
1.3%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
1990
0.1%
6.6%
26.4%
41.3%
21.2%
3.7%
0.5%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
1991
0.0%
5.2%
29.7%
40.7%
19.3%
4.0%
0.6%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
1992
0.0%
6.2%
28.5%
44.9%
15.2%
3.4%
1.1%
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
1993
0.0%
4.8%
33.2%
40.6%
16.3%
3.5%
1.0%
0.4%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
1994
8.8%
34.7%
37.5%
14.6%
3.0%
0.9%
0.4%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
1995
0.0%
9.0%
31.5%
38.6%
16.0%
4.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
1996
8.3%
31.1%
44.1%
12.8%
3.2%
0.3%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
All
1997
7.8%
35.7%
39.6%
14.2%
2.5%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
1998
9.8%
33.9%
39.4%
14.8%
1.9%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldComb
All
1999
10.1%
34.7%
41.7%
12.4%
0.9%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldComb
All
2000
0.0%
7.1%
38.0%
43.3%
10.5%
0.9%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2001
0.0%
9.8%
37.4%
38.1%
10.7%
3.8%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2002
8.9%
39.0%
39.4%
9.3%
3.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2003
0.0%
11.1%
35.0%
39.1%
12.2%
2.1%
0.0%
0.4%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2004
12.3%
38.1%
35.0%
13.0%
1.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-27 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldCity
All
2007
RealWorldCity
All
2008
RealWorldCity
All
2009
RealWorldCity
All
2010
RealWorldCity
All
2011
RealWorldCity
All
2012
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2013
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2014
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2015
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2016
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldCity
All
2017
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
RealWorldCity
All
2018
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
1975
RealWorldComb
All
1976
RealWorldComb
All
1977
RealWorldComb
All
1978
RealWorldComb
All
1979
RealWorldComb
All
1980
RealWorldComb
All
1981
RealWorldComb
All
1982
RealWorldComb
All
1983
RealWorldComb
All
1984
RealWorldComb
All
1985
RealWorldComb
All
1986
RealWorldComb
All
1987
RealWorldComb
All
1988
RealWorldComb
All
1989
RealWorldComb
All
1990
RealWorldComb
All
1991
RealWorldComb
All
1992
RealWorldComb
All
1993
RealWorldComb
All
1994
RealWorldComb
All
1995
RealWorldComb
All
1996
RealWorldComb
All
1997
RealWorldComb
All
1998
RealWorldComb
All
1999
RealWorldComb
All
2000
RealWorldComb
All
2001
RealWorldComb
All
2002
RealWorldComb
All
2003
RealWorldComb
All
2004
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-28
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldComb
All
2006
0.0%
6.0%
38.8%
36.6%
13.1%
4.7%
0.0%
0.2%
0.6%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2007
4.3%
38.8%
32.3%
17.5%
5.9%
0.2%
1.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2008
4.1%
35.5%
35.4%
18.1%
5.4%
0.2%
0.2%
1.2%
RealWorldComb
All
2009
1.0%
26.1%
35.6%
25.2%
10.9%
0.2%
0.2%
0.9%
RealWorldComb
All
2010
1.2%
26.5%
33.7%
24.9%
10.1%
0.9%
0.5%
2.3%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2011
0.0%
1.4%
27.8%
38.2%
25.4%
5.4%
0.4%
0.2%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2012
0.0%
1.1%
22.1%
30.9%
28.0%
14.4%
1.1%
0.7%
1.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2013
0.0%
0.8%
19.7%
27.3%
30.5%
17.2%
1.8%
0.6%
1.4%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2014
0.0%
0.7%
19.4%
30.2%
28.6%
16.6%
2.2%
0.6%
1.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2015
0.3%
18.0%
28.5%
30.7%
17.5%
2.7%
0.4%
1.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2016
0.3%
17.4%
28.6%
30.2%
19.8%
2.0%
0.4%
0.2%
0.5%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2017
0.3%
17.3%
30.1%
27.2%
17.6%
4.4%
0.9%
0.3%
0.5%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.4%
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2018
0.3%
14.6%
29.7%
27.9%
19.7%
2.8%
0.5%
1.0%
0.9%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.5%
0.2%
0.9%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
1975
4.1%
56.7%
19.9%
12.3%
4.8%
2.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1976
1.3%
44.6%
34.7%
9.2%
7.0%
3.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1977
0.5%
28.8%
49.4%
8.4%
6.7%
4.6%
1.1%
0.4%
RealWorldHwy
All
1978
0.2%
21.0%
50.7%
14.1%
8.2%
4.1%
1.4%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
All
1979
2.4%
16.8%
52.3%
15.8%
8.9%
3.2%
0.5%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1980
0.0%
5.3%
31.9%
32.4%
21.0%
7.8%
0.7%
1.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
1981
0.0%
2.1%
21.2%
36.2%
24.5%
11.7%
2.8%
0.8%
0.6%
RealWorldHwy
All
1982
0.0%
2.6%
15.8%
33.1%
29.1%
13.5%
4.6%
0.7%
0.6%
RealWorldHwy
All
1983
0.0%
2.3%
14.6%
36.5%
26.8%
13.0%
5.5%
1.2%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
All
1984
0.0%
2.9%
12.1%
36.2%
22.2%
21.4%
3.5%
1.3%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1985
0.0%
2.9%
8.5%
40.9%
22.8%
18.1%
5.1%
1.2%
0.1%
0.3%
RealWorldHwy
All
1986
0.0%
1.6%
9.9%
29.7%
39.3%
14.5%
3.3%
1.2%
0.2%
0.0%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
All
1987
0.0%
2.2%
7.1%
28.8%
33.7%
23.2%
3.7%
0.8%
0.2%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1988
2.2%
10.8%
25.2%
40.0%
16.8%
4.1%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1989
1.5%
12.3%
24.6%
45.3%
12.8%
2.7%
0.5%
0.0%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
All
1990
1.0%
13.0%
25.4%
47.5%
9.9%
2.5%
0.5%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
1991
0.8%
12.9%
28.5%
40.3%
14.2%
2.5%
0.4%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
1992
0.6%
14.5%
28.1%
41.6%
10.9%
3.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1993
0.3%
16.8%
28.0%
37.7%
13.3%
3.2%
0.4%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1994
0.3%
20.6%
27.5%
36.1%
12.2%
2.7%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1995
0.9%
20.2%
25.1%
38.0%
10.9%
4.6%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
1996
0.8%
18.9%
25.1%
41.7%
10.5%
2.7%
0.2%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
All
1997
0.2%
23.8%
24.9%
35.8%
12.5%
2.5%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
1998
0.0%
23.9%
24.6%
37.3%
12.3%
1.7%
0.1%
0.2%
RealWorldHwy
All
1999
0.1%
28.4%
21.7%
39.0%
9.9%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
2000
0.1%
28.6%
22.1%
40.1%
7.9%
0.9%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2001
0.9%
28.7%
24.0%
35.1%
8.4%
2.6%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2002
0.6%
32.9%
21.2%
35.5%
7.5%
2.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2003
1.1%
30.2%
26.5%
32.6%
8.6%
0.6%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-29 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Truck
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldComb
All
2006
RealWorldComb
All
2007
RealWorldComb
All
2008
RealWorldComb
All
2009
RealWorldComb
All
2010
RealWorldComb
All
2011
RealWorldComb
All
2012
RealWorldComb
All
2013
RealWorldComb
All
2014
RealWorldComb
All
2015
RealWorldComb
All
2016
RealWorldComb
All
2017
0.0%
RealWorldComb
All
2018
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
1975
RealWorldHwy
All
1976
RealWorldHwy
All
1977
RealWorldHwy
All
1978
RealWorldHwy
All
1979
RealWorldHwy
All
1980
RealWorldHwy
All
1981
RealWorldHwy
All
1982
RealWorldHwy
All
1983
RealWorldHwy
All
1984
RealWorldHwy
All
1985
RealWorldHwy
All
1986
RealWorldHwy
All
1987
RealWorldHwy
All
1988
RealWorldHwy
All
1989
RealWorldHwy
All
1990
RealWorldHwy
All
1991
RealWorldHwy
All
1992
RealWorldHwy
All
1993
RealWorldHwy
All
1994
RealWorldHwy
All
1995
RealWorldHwy
All
1996
RealWorldHwy
All
1997
RealWorldHwy
All
1998
RealWorldHwy
All
1999
RealWorldHwy
All
2000
RealWorldHwy
All
2001
RealWorldHwy
All
2002
RealWorldHwy
All
2003
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-30
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
RealWorldHwy
All
2005
0.1%
24.3%
33.1%
26.5%
14.7%
0.4%
0.2%
0.8%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2006
0.1%
23.9%
31.7%
29.3%
12.1%
2.1%
0.8%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2007
0.1%
23.4%
29.5%
24.5%
18.5%
2.8%
1.3%
RealWorldHwy
All
2008
0.1%
19.3%
29.8%
29.8%
17.2%
2.2%
0.2%
1.5%
RealWorldHwy
All
2009
0.0%
11.8%
24.8%
29.4%
29.5%
3.2%
0.2%
1.1%
RealWorldHwy
All
2010
0.0%
10.6%
28.6%
26.4%
27.7%
3.5%
1.0%
2.3%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2011
0.0%
0.1%
8.5%
31.0%
31.4%
24.0%
3.2%
0.6%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2012
0.0%
0.0%
7.4%
25.2%
26.0%
26.7%
12.2%
0.8%
1.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2013
0.0%
0.0%
6.3%
23.1%
24.9%
26.1%
17.2%
0.6%
1.3%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2014
0.0%
0.0%
5.7%
24.6%
26.4%
22.9%
18.0%
0.9%
0.9%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2015
0.0%
2.7%
27.1%
21.3%
24.7%
21.6%
0.9%
1.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2016
0.0%
2.6%
25.1%
24.0%
25.6%
20.1%
1.2%
0.6%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2017
0.0%
3.9%
21.5%
28.4%
24.0%
16.1%
3.7%
0.5%
0.8%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
RealWorldHwy
All
2018
0.0%
3.2%
21.8%
28.5%
22.0%
18.5%
1.9%
0.8%
1.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.4%
0.9%
0.0%
2Cycle5543
All
1975
0.5%
51.8%
26.9%
13.7%
5.1%
2.0%
2Cycle5544
All
1976
0.0%
34.1%
42.3%
11.8%
8.8%
2.5%
0.5%
2Cycle5545
All
1977
0.1%
23.2%
51.8%
10.1%
CO
4.8%
0.8%
1.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1978
0.0%
17.6%
45.1%
19.8%
9.9%
4.5%
2.6%
0.4%
2Cycle5545
All
1979
0.3%
14.9%
43.8%
23.2%
11.5%
5.1%
0.8%
0.2%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1980
0.0%
3.0%
24.1%
36.3%
23.2%
10.1%
1.7%
1.5%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
All
1981
0.0%
1.3%
16.8%
35.4%
24.7%
14.6%
4.7%
1.6%
0.8%
2Cycle5545
All
1982
0.0%
1.6%
18.7%
27.2%
26.5%
18.0%
5.7%
1.5%
0.6%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
All
1983
0.0%
1.6%
17.0%
33.3%
19.3%
18.5%
8.1%
1.7%
0.5%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1984
0.0%
1.8%
14.2%
34.3%
22.3%
19.3%
5.3%
2.1%
0.5%
0.2%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1985
0.0%
1.8%
r-»
CO
41.7%
15.7%
24.3%
5.9%
0.9%
0.6%
0.0%
0.3%
2Cycle5545
All
1986
0.0%
0.8%
9.7%
30.3%
31.5%
18.9%
6.1%
1.3%
1.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
All
1987
0.0%
0.8%
7.7%
30.0%
28.7%
24.7%
6.4%
0.7%
0.7%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1988
0.0%
0.7%
11.4%
24.4%
29.9%
25.1%
5.6%
1.4%
1.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1989
0.0%
0.9%
11.0%
27.0%
33.7%
20.6%
5.0%
0.8%
0.8%
0.2%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1990
1.0%
11.2%
24.9%
39.7%
17.5%
4.5%
0.7%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
1991
0.4%
9.8%
30.5%
34.8%
17.3%
5.2%
1.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.4%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
1992
0.4%
13.5%
32.6%
32.5%
14.5%
4.6%
1.1%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1993
0.1%
13.6%
27.8%
36.4%
15.6%
4.8%
1.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1994
0.0%
15.6%
32.6%
32.0%
14.2%
4.0%
0.8%
0.2%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1995
0.1%
17.7%
25.2%
35.7%
13.7%
6.2%
0.9%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
1996
0.4%
14.7%
29.2%
34.7%
13.9%
5.9%
0.8%
0.2%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
All
1997
0.0%
17.3%
29.5%
31.5%
14.6%
6.1%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
1998
0.0%
15.0%
30.8%
34.3%
12.9%
6.6%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
All
1999
0.0%
18.4%
29.3%
35.7%
10.7%
5.7%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
2000
0.0%
16.7%
30.8%
36.1%
11.5%
4.5%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2001
0.0%
19.0%
28.8%
33.4%
12.9%
4.7%
0.9%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2002
0.0%
22.7%
26.5%
31.8%
14.1%
4.0%
0.6%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-31 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
RealWorldHwy
All
2005
RealWorldHwy
All
2006
RealWorldHwy
All
2007
RealWorldHwy
All
2008
RealWorldHwy
All
2009
RealWorldHwy
All
2010
RealWorldHwy
All
2011
RealWorldHwy
All
2012
RealWorldHwy
All
2013
RealWorldHwy
All
2014
RealWorldHwy
All
2015
RealWorldHwy
All
2016
RealWorldHwy
All
2017
RealWorldHwy
All
2018
2Cycle5543
All
1975
2Cycle5544
All
1976
2Cycle5545
All
1977
2Cycle5545
All
1978
2Cycle5545
All
1979
2Cycle5545
All
1980
2Cycle5545
All
1981
2Cycle5545
All
1982
2Cycle5545
All
1983
2Cycle5545
All
1984
2Cycle5545
All
1985
2Cycle5545
All
1986
2Cycle5545
All
1987
2Cycle5545
All
1988
2Cycle5545
All
1989
2Cycle5545
All
1990
2Cycle5545
All
1991
2Cycle5545
All
1992
2Cycle5545
All
1993
2Cycle5545
All
1994
2Cycle5545
All
1995
2Cycle5545
All
1996
2Cycle5545
All
1997
2Cycle5545
All
1998
2Cycle5545
All
1999
2Cycle5545
All
2000
2Cycle5545
All
2001
2Cycle5545
All
2002
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-32
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
2Cycle5545
All
2004
0.0%
21.8%
29.4%
29.3%
13.3%
5.1%
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2005
0.0%
18.1%
28.8%
29.9%
15.0%
6.4%
0.6%
0.1%
0.2%
0.8%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2006
0.0%
14.8%
30.0%
30.8%
15.7%
7.1%
0.7%
0.0%
0.2%
0.6%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2007
0.0%
11.6%
32.8%
27.2%
16.4%
00
00
1.5%
0.5%
0.2%
1.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2008
0.0%
9.1%
31.7%
30.2%
16.2%
9.5%
1.4%
0.4%
0.2%
1.2%
2Cycle5545
All
2009
0.0%
4.7%
23.3%
28.7%
24.8%
11.3%
5.2%
0.9%
0.2%
0.9%
2Cycle5545
All
2010
0.0%
6.4%
22.3%
24.4%
23.4%
17.9%
1.6%
0.9%
0.3%
0.5%
2.3%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2011
0.0%
0.0%
4.7%
24.7%
25.9%
25.5%
13.9%
2.9%
0.5%
0.4%
0.2%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2012
0.0%
3.8%
19.7%
22.5%
23.8%
13.9%
12.1%
1.1%
0.7%
0.7%
0.1%
1.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2013
0.0%
2.9%
18.1%
20.1%
24.7%
13.7%
15.4%
1.5%
0.4%
1.2%
0.1%
1.5%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2014
0.0%
2.1%
18.2%
22.5%
23.3%
14.7%
13.0%
3.1%
0.6%
0.9%
0.0%
0.1%
1.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2015
0.0%
1.0%
17.6%
21.1%
20.5%
19.2%
14.6%
2.6%
0.7%
0.5%
0.0%
0.1%
1.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2016
1.0%
16.7%
22.1%
18.8%
20.3%
13.8%
4.8%
0.4%
0.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2017
0.0%
1.0%
16.0%
23.3%
20.2%
16.7%
14.8%
4.4%
0.3%
0.6%
0.4%
0.3%
0.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2018
0.0%
0.9%
14.5%
21.9%
20.7%
15.5%
15.9%
5.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.8%
0.5%
0.9%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.4%
2CycleCity
All
1975
7.9%
56.1%
25.3%
8.6%
2.0%
2CycleCity
All
1976
1.4%
52.5%
32.2%
9.6%
3.9%
0.5%
2CycleCity
All
1977
0.7%
43.7%
38.1%
9.4%
6.2%
0.8%
1.1%
2CycleCity
All
1978
0.5%
34.7%
43.5%
12.5%
5.1%
2.7%
1.0%
2CycleCity
All
1979
1.6%
27.8%
46.6%
13.6%
8.6%
1.3%
0.2%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1980
0.0%
9.6%
42.0%
31.7%
11.3%
3.7%
0.7%
1.0%
2CycleCity
All
1981
0.0%
0.0%
4.5%
40.7%
27.0%
19.5%
5.3%
2.1%
0.8%
2CycleCity
All
1982
0.0%
4.0%
31.9%
31.1%
22.4%
8.0%
1.5%
0.7%
0.2%
2CycleCity
All
1983
0.0%
3.3%
37.4%
26.9%
19.8%
10.2%
1.9%
0.4%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1984
0.0%
4.0%
31.9%
31.3%
24.0%
6.0%
2.0%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1985
0.0%
6.7%
31.8%
25.9%
27.4%
6.2%
1.1%
0.6%
0.0%
0.3%
2CycleCity
All
1986
0.0%
2.4%
28.3%
35.7%
23.9%
6.9%
1.3%
0.9%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
2CycleCity
All
1987
0.0%
3.5%
25.1%
34.5%
26.7%
8.5%
0.7%
0.7%
0.2%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1988
0.0%
4.0%
28.4%
29.9%
26.7%
8.4%
1.0%
1.3%
0.2%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1989
0.0%
4.6%
27.0%
36.4%
24.2%
5.9%
0.8%
0.8%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1990
0.0%
5.1%
27.0%
39.8%
20.8%
6.2%
0.7%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
1991
0.0%
3.5%
30.3%
36.8%
21.1%
6.4%
1.2%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
1992
0.0%
4.0%
33.9%
39.6%
15.4%
4.9%
1.5%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1993
0.0%
3.9%
32.1%
37.9%
19.4%
5.0%
1.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1994
5.4%
33.3%
37.2%
18.3%
4.2%
0.9%
0.2%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1995
0.0%
5.7%
34.5%
34.8%
17.5%
6.2%
0.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
1996
0.0%
6.0%
33.8%
37.4%
15.5%
6.2%
0.8%
0.2%
0.2%
2CycleCity
All
1997
6.6%
35.6%
34.0%
16.5%
6.4%
0.8%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1998
7.7%
33.4%
34.2%
17.9%
6.0%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
1999
0.0%
8.6%
34.3%
37.4%
14.1%
5.1%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
2000
0.0%
4.7%
36.6%
39.3%
14.4%
4.5%
0.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2001
0.0%
5.7%
37.5%
36.4%
14.6%
4.5%
1.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-33 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
2Cycle5545
All
2003
2Cycle5545
All
2004
2Cycle5545
All
2005
2Cycle5545
All
2006
2Cycle5545
All
2007
2Cycle5545
All
2008
2Cycle5545
All
2009
2Cycle5545
All
2010
2Cycle5545
All
2011
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2012
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2013
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2014
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2015
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
2Cycle5545
All
2016
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
2Cycle5545
All
2017
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.2%
2Cycle5545
All
2018
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.9%
2CycleCity
All
1975
2CycleCity
All
1976
2CycleCity
All
1977
2CycleCity
All
1978
2CycleCity
All
1979
2CycleCity
All
1980
2CycleCity
All
1981
2CycleCity
All
1982
2CycleCity
All
1983
2CycleCity
All
1984
2CycleCity
All
1985
2CycleCity
All
1986
2CycleCity
All
1987
2CycleCity
All
1988
2CycleCity
All
1989
2CycleCity
All
1990
2CycleCity
All
1991
2CycleCity
All
1992
2CycleCity
All
1993
2CycleCity
All
1994
2CycleCity
All
1995
2CycleCity
All
1996
2CycleCity
All
1997
2CycleCity
All
1998
2CycleCity
All
1999
2CycleCity
All
2000
2CycleCity
All
2001
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-34
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Environmental Prot-ection Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
Agij-ncy *' *'
MPG Variable:
Car or
Truck
Modol
Year
Oto
5
5 to
10
10 to
15
15 to
20
20 to
25
25 to
30
30 to
35
35 to
40
40 to
45
45 to
50
50 to
55
55 to
60
60 to
65
65 to
70
70 to
75
75 to
SO
80 to
85
85 to
90
90 to
95
95 to
100
100 to
105
105 to
110
110 to
115
115 to
120
120 to
125
2CycleCity
All
2003
0.0%
4.7%
36.9%
35.5%
16.9%
4.9%
0.6%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2004
4.7%
40.2%
34.5%
14.7%
4.9%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
2CycleCity
All
2005
0.0%
2.5%
36.6%
36.1%
17.1%
6.1%
0.5%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.8%
2CycleCity
All
2006
0.0%
1.7%
35.2%
38.4%
15.8%
7.1%
0.9%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.6%
2CycleCity
All
2007
1.6%
34.7%
32.4%
19.4%
8.5%
1.5%
0.5%
0.0%
0.2%
1.0%
2CycleCity
All
2008
0.0%
1.4%
31.3%
35.5%
18.9%
9.3%
1.6%
0.4%
0.2%
0.2%
1.2%
2CycleCity
All
2009
0.6%
21.4%
29.8%
29.1%
14.3%
2.7%
0.7%
0.2%
0.2%
0.9%
2CycleCity
All
2010
0.0%
0.3%
23.4%
26.8%
27.9%
15.8%
2.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.5%
0.3%
2.3%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2011
0.0%
0.5%
22.7%
31.0%
30.3%
10.3%
3.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2012
0.0%
0.4%
17.0%
28.0%
28.1%
11.8%
11.4%
0.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.9%
0.1%
1.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2013
0.0%
0.4%
15.3%
25.0%
26.3%
15.1%
13.7%
0.5%
0.3%
0.1%
0.6%
0.6%
1.4%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2014
0.0%
0.3%
14.6%
27.7%
22.4%
20.1%
10.7%
1.1%
0.3%
0.2%
0.7%
0.3%
1.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2015
0.1%
13.1%
26.2%
21.5%
22.3%
11.9%
1.8%
0.4%
0.1%
0.6%
0.0%
0.0%
1.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2016
0.0%
12.7%
24.9%
21.2%
24.2%
12.1%
2.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.6%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.5%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
2017
0.0%
13.0%
26.3%
20.4%
19.8%
13.4%
3.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
2018
0.0%
8.8%
27.2%
21.7%
17.9%
15.4%
3.2%
0.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.6%
0.7%
0.1%
0.8%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
All
1975
0.0%
14.8%
50.4%
14.6%
10.0%
6.5%
2.0%
1.6%
2CycleHwy
All
1976
7.5%
41.3%
30.9%
5.9%
9.5%
3.0%
2.0%
2CycleHwy
All
1977
3.8%
34.7%
37.9%
2?
CO
6.3%
4.5%
2.9%
1.0%
0.5%
2CycleHwy
All
1978
7.2%
19.3%
39.1%
15.9%
9.3%
4.4%
3.2%
1.4%
0.3%
2CycleHwy
All
1979
0.1%
7.5%
17.8%
39.6%
15.4%
10.1%
6.8%
2.3%
0.5%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1980
0.5%
6.1%
20.5%
30.5%
24.8%
10.6%
5.2%
0.6%
0.9%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
All
1981
0.1%
2.5%
17.4%
30.3%
23.2%
13.9%
8.5%
2.4%
0.5%
1.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1982
0.5%
2.8%
12.9%
24.2%
21.4%
24.5%
8.0%
3.9%
1.2%
0.8%
2CycleHwy
All
1983
0.2%
2.9%
11.6%
32.9%
19.2%
16.1%
10.5%
4.4%
1.6%
0.3%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1984
0.2%
3.0%
9.7%
28.6%
23.2%
20.3%
9.9%
2.6%
1.5%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1985
0.1%
5.2%
5.8%
23.1%
30.0%
17.8%
11.5%
4.3%
1.3%
0.6%
0.0%
0.3%
2CycleHwy
All
1986
0.1%
3.5%
7.1%
19.4%
26.3%
29.2%
9.4%
2.4%
2.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
All
1987
0.0%
2.6%
6.3%
18.3%
29.8%
27.7%
10.2%
3.8%
0.8%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1988
0.0%
2.2%
9.6%
15.6%
24.1%
32.1%
11.0%
3.3%
1.7%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1989
0.1%
1.6%
10.5%
15.3%
26.4%
32.1%
9.1%
3.4%
1.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1990
0.2%
1.5%
11.1%
16.9%
26.1%
33.2%
7.3%
3.0%
0.5%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
All
1991
0.0%
1.0%
9.2%
17.9%
29.2%
26.7%
10.9%
3.8%
0.6%
0.1%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
All
1992
0.0%
0.6%
12.5%
14.7%
30.3%
28.7%
7.2%
4.1%
1.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1993
0.0%
0.3%
11.0%
18.6%
25.3%
28.1%
11.0%
4.0%
1.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1994
1.1%
14.5%
18.4%
24.2%
26.6%
2?
CO
5.3%
0.9%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1995
0.0%
1.0%
16.1%
11.4%
21.4%
34.0%
9.4%
5.2%
1.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
2CycleHwy
All
1996
0.9%
14.6%
13.4%
28.0%
29.2%
7.6%
4.8%
1.3%
0.1%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
All
1997
0.2%
16.4%
16.7%
22.4%
28.1%
11.4%
3.8%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
1998
0.0%
14.2%
17.9%
21.2%
30.6%
10.1%
5.5%
0.4%
0.0%
0.2%
2CycleHwy
All
1999
0.1%
17.4%
17.9%
19.1%
33.4%
CO
3.5%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleHwy
All
2000
0.1%
16.2%
18.9%
20.3%
32.6%
9.2%
2.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 C-35 March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table C: Percent of 1975 to 2018 Production by Fuel Economy Band
MPG Variable *
Car or
Trucl<
Model
Year
125 to
130
130 to
135
135 to
140
140 to
145
145 to
150
150 to
155
155 to
160
160 to
165
165 to
170
170 to
175
175 to
ISO
ISO to
1S5
1S5 to
190
190 to
195
195 to
200
2CycleCity
All
2003
2CycleCity
All
2004
2CycleCity
All
2005
2CycleCity
All
2006
2CycleCity
All
2007
2CycleCity
All
2008
2CycleCity
All
2009
2CycleCity
All
2010
2CycleCity
All
2011
0.0%
0.1%
2CycleCity
All
2012
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2013
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2014
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2015
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2016
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2017
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
2CycleCity
All
2018
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.9%
2CycleHwy
All
1975
2CycleHwy
All
1976
2CycleHwy
All
1977
2CycleHwy
All
1978
2CycleHwy
All
1979
2CycleHwy
All
1980
2CycleHwy
All
1981
2CycleHwy
All
1982
2CycleHwy
All
1983
2CycleHwy
All
1984
2CycleHwy
All
1985
2CycleHwy
All
1986
2CycleHwy
All
1987
2CycleHwy
All
1988
2CycleHwy
All
1989
2CycleHwy
All
1990
2CycleHwy
All
1991
2CycleHwy
All
1992
2CycleHwy
All
1993
2CycleHwy
All
1994
2CycleHwy
All
1995
2CycleHwy
All
1996
2CycleHwy
All
1997
2CycleHwy
All
1998
2CycleHwy
All
1999
2CycleHwy
All
2000
iLcnft
Sl8T«
Envfpnirwrwntsl Prot-ection
Agency
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
C-36
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Truck
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
8237
0.806
15.8
12.3
15.2
13.5
669.9
541.7
660.5
4058
288
136
0.515
0.0331
32.3
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
8238
0.788
17.5
13.7
16.6
14.9
609.9
502.0
597.9
4059
287
134
0.502
0.0324
35.5
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
8239
0.800
18.3
14.4
17.4
15.6
576.8
478.9
570.2
3944
110.4
279
133
0.516
0.0335
36.4
2091
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
8240
0.773
19.9
15.5
19.1
16.9
536.7
440.8
524.8
3588
109.0
251
124
13.7
0.538
0.0342
35.9
2240
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
8241
0.778
20.3
15.9
19.2
17.2
531.9
442.8
516.5
3485
108.9
238
119
14.5
0.545
0.0338
35.4
2258
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
8242
0.835
23.5
18.3
22.6
20.0
466.8
380.4
446.3
3101
104.2
188
100
15.5
0.583
0.0322
36.6
2507
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
8243
0.827
25.1
19.6
24.2
21.4
436.8
354.9
418.0
3076
106.5
182
99
15.6
0.594
0.0320
38.9
2744
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
8244
0.803
26.0
20.1
25.5
22.2
423.5
336.5
402.4
3054
106.1
175
99
16.6
0.609
0.0320
40.1
2836
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
8245
0.777
25.9
19.9
25.5
22.1
421.9
335.3
403.3
3112
108.7
182
104
14.8
0.615
0.0330
40.7
2904
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
8246
0.761
26.3
20.2
26.0
22.4
418.9
330.5
396.7
3099
107.5
179
106
14.5
0.637
0.0339
41.1
2910
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
8247
0.746
27.0
20.7
26.8
23.0
411.0
322.2
386.5
3093
108.2
177
111
13.9
0.671
0.0355
42.0
2992
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
8248
0.717
27.9
21.2
27.6
23.7
402.2
313.8
374.7
3041
107.3
167
111
13.2
0.701
0.0360
42.6
3057
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
8249
0.722
28.1
21.2
27.7
23.8
403.3
313.2
373.4
3031
106.6
162
112
13.3
0.732
0.0365
42.8
3051
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
8250
0.702
28.6
21.4
28.2
24.1
399.0
308.8
368.0
3047
107.0
160
116
13.3
0.759
0.0375
43.7
3119
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
8251
0.693
28.1
20.9
27.9
23.7
411.3
313.4
374.8
3099
107.7
163
121
12.5
0.783
0.0387
43.8
3080
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
8252
0.698
27.8
20.5
27.5
23.3
421.4
318.2
380.9
3176
107.1
163
129
11.4
0.829
0.0401
44.2
3014
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
8253
0.678
28.0
20.5
27.6
23.4
419.3
316.0
379.4
3154
106.8
163
132
11.3
0.851
0.0413
44.3
3040
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
8254
0.666
27.6
20.0
27.5
23.1
430.1
317.7
385.2
3240
108.4
170
141
10.7
0.868
0.0428
44.9
3040
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
8255
0.640
28.2
20.3
27.9
23.5
424.4
313.3
378.8
3207
108.4
166
138
10.1
0.865
0.0425
45.4
3107
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
8256
0.596
28.0
20.0
27.7
23.3
430.2
314.8
381.9
3250
108.2
168
143
9.9
0.884
0.0432
45.7
3086
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
8257
0.620
28.3
20.0
28.1
23.4
431.5
311.1
379.1
3263
108.7
167
152
9.8
0.945
0.0460
46.4
3130
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
8258
0.600
28.3
19.8
28.0
23.3
436.3
313.5
380.9
3282
109.0
165
154
10.1
0.958
0.0464
46.5
3125
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
8259
0.576
28.4
19.8
28.0
23.4
437.3
313.5
380.3
3274
108.7
164
156
10.0
0.974
0.0469
46.7
3127
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
8260
0.551
28.5
19.7
28.0
23.4
440.0
313.8
380.4
3306
108.6
164
159
10.2
0.993
0.0475
47.3
3138
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
8261
0.551
28.2
19.4
27.5
23.0
449.6
319.7
386.4
3365
109.1
166
164
10.1
1.009
0.0481
47.5
3106
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
8262
0.551
28.2
19.3
27.3
22.9
451.8
322.2
387.9
3369
109.6
165
168
9.5
1.032
0.0492
47.6
3121
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
8263
0.539
28.4
19.4
27.3
23.0
447.4
320.3
385.7
3380
109.3
165
168
9.3
1.042
0.0492
48.4
3159
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
8264
0.515
28.6
19.4
27.2
23.1
447.7
321.9
385.1
3391
110.0
166
173
9.3
1.066
0.0504
48.9
3200
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
8265
0.502
29.0
19.5
27.5
23.3
445.2
318.6
381.9
3417
109.6
165
176
9.1
1.087
0.0510
49.9
3237
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
8266
0.480
28.9
19.3
27.4
23.1
448.4
318.9
384.2
3462
110.4
168
183
9.0
1.106
0.0521
50.5
3261
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
8267
0.505
29.5
19.6
27.6
23.5
437.0
315.4
378.5
3463
111.4
166
182
8.9
1.115
0.0518
51.8
3384
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
8268
0.529
29.2
19.4
27.5
23.3
442.3
316.9
381.7
3534
111.5
172
194
8.7
1.146
0.0540
52.4
3351
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
8269
0.529
30.3
20.1
28.3
24.1
421.7
306.8
368.7
3507
110.2
165
189
8.8
1.157
0.0531
54.2
3468
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
8270
0.527
30.5
20.2
28.5
24.3
418.0
304.4
366.2
3527
45.2
109.9
165
193
8.8
1.178
0.0536
54.9
3490
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
8271
0.605
32.1
21.3
29.6
25.3
401.6
294.1
351.0
3464
44.9
110.0
155
184
8.9
1.190
0.0520
56.5
3645
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
8272
0.545
33.2
22.0
30.5
26.2
0.0
0.0
340.1
3474
45.2
110.5
156
187
8.8
1.197
0.0527
59.8
3864
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
8273
0.478
32.9
21.6
30.3
25.8
0.0
0.0
344.5
3559
45.8
111.1
159
199
8.5
1.252
0.0547
60.3
3824
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
8274
0.550
35.4
23.3
32.1
27.6
0.0
0.0
322.2
3452
45.4
110.6
148
189
8.6
1.279
0.0536
63.3
4111
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
8275
0.541
36.4
24.0
32.9
28.4
0.0
0.0
313.2
3465
45.7
110.3
145
194
8.4
1.343
0.0548
66.4
4273
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
8276
0.492
36.6
24.0
32.9
28.4
0.0
0.0
313.1
3497
46.0
110.9
146
197
8.4
1.353
0.0551
67.0
4307
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
8277
0.472
37.5
24.5
33.7
29.0
0.0
0.0
305.8
3489
46.0
111.5
145
196
8.3
1.360
0.0550
69.1
4471
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
8278
0.438
37.8
24.6
34.0
29.2
0.0
0.0
303.3
3468
46.2
111.7
142
197
8.3
1.402
0.0556
69.2
4510
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
8279
0.410
39.0
25.6
35.0
30.2
0.0
0.0
292.8
3470
46.1
112.0
138
193
8.3
1.411
0.0544
74.2
4812
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-l
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
6.5%
93.5%
19.6%
80.1%
0.3%
94.6%
5.1%
0.2%
55.4%
23.3%
21.3%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
5.8%
94.2%
17.1%
82.9%
96.6%
3.2%
0.3%
55.4%
25.2%
19.4%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
4021
6.8%
93.2%
16.8%
83.2%
95.3%
4.2%
0.5%
51.9%
24.5%
23.5%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
3926
9.6%
90.4%
19.8%
73.1%
7.1%
94.0%
5.1%
0.9%
44.7%
34.4%
21.0%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
3878
11.9%
0.3%
87.8%
21.1%
69.7%
8.8%
0.5%
93.2%
4.7%
2.1%
43.7%
34.2%
22.1%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
3841
29.7%
0.9%
69.4%
30.9%
51.6%
16.8%
0.6%
88.7%
6.2%
0.7%
4.4%
54.4%
34.4%
11.3%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
4161
37.0%
0.7%
62.2%
29.9%
36.2%
33.3%
0.6%
85.3%
6.1%
2.6%
5.9%
51.5%
36.4%
12.2%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
4273
45.6%
0.8%
53.6%
29.2%
18.9%
51.4%
0.5%
78.4%
7.2%
9.8%
4.7%
56.5%
31.0%
12.5%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
4426
47.3%
3.1%
49.6%
26.1%
16.8%
56.7%
0.5%
69.6%
9.5%
18.9%
2.1%
53.1%
31.8%
15.1%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
4425
53.7%
1.0%
45.3%
24.1%
17.5%
58.3%
0.0%
58.9%
15.0%
24.4%
1.7%
57.4%
29.4%
13.2%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
4551
61.6%
2.1%
36.3%
22.8%
18.5%
58.7%
45.6%
21.4%
32.0%
0.9%
55.7%
28.9%
15.4%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
4585
71.1%
1.1%
27.9%
24.8%
17.2%
58.0%
34.5%
36.7%
28.4%
0.3%
4.8%
59.5%
27.9%
12.6%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
4569
77.0%
1.1%
21.9%
24.9%
15.6%
59.5%
26.8%
42.5%
30.5%
0.3%
14.7%
63.5%
24.3%
12.2%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
4693
81.7%
0.8%
17.5%
24.3%
9.6%
66.1%
16.3%
53.7%
30.0%
0.0%
19.9%
64.8%
22.3%
12.8%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
4723
82.5%
1.0%
16.5%
21.0%
9.6%
69.3%
0.1%
9.7%
62.4%
27.8%
0.0%
24.4%
58.3%
28.2%
13.5%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
4746
84.6%
1.0%
14.4%
19.6%
7.4%
72.9%
0.0%
1.4%
77.5%
21.1%
0.0%
33.0%
0.6%
58.6%
28.7%
12.8%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
4746
83.2%
1.4%
15.4%
20.5%
5.9%
73.6%
0.0%
0.0%
78.0%
21.9%
0.1%
34.1%
2.4%
61.5%
26.2%
12.3%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
4877
80.8%
1.1%
18.1%
17.4%
6.2%
76.4%
0.0%
0.0%
89.5%
10.4%
0.1%
35.0%
4.6%
56.5%
27.8%
15.6%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
4929
85.1%
1.2%
13.7%
17.8%
5.2%
77.0%
0.0%
91.6%
8.4%
36.7%
4.8%
57.2%
29.5%
13.3%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
4955
84.4%
0.4%
15.1%
16.7%
4.0%
79.3%
94.9%
5.1%
0.0%
41.0%
8.0%
58.5%
26.1%
15.4%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
5045
82.0%
1.2%
16.9%
16.3%
1.8%
81.9%
98.8%
1.2%
0.1%
52.2%
9.8%
57.3%
28.6%
14.0%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
5080
86.5%
1.5%
11.9%
14.9%
1.6%
83.6%
0.0%
98.8%
1.1%
0.1%
57.3%
11.7%
54.3%
32.0%
13.6%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
5076
86.5%
1.7%
11.7%
13.5%
0.6%
85.8%
0.1%
99.1%
0.8%
0.1%
58.6%
11.3%
55.1%
30.6%
14.3%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
5145
87.0%
2.3%
10.7%
12.3%
0.4%
87.3%
0.1%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
61.4%
18.4%
49.4%
39.1%
11.4%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
5191
87.2%
2.2%
10.6%
10.9%
0.6%
88.4%
0.0%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
64.7%
17.1%
47.7%
39.7%
12.6%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
5224
84.9%
2.1%
13.0%
11.2%
1.1%
87.7%
0.0%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
65.1%
23.4%
0.1%
47.5%
34.3%
18.2%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
5292
84.1%
3.2%
12.6%
11.4%
0.9%
87.5%
0.2%
99.7%
0.3%
67.3%
28.3%
0.2%
50.8%
32.3%
16.8%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
5382
84.9%
3.8%
11.2%
11.2%
0.2%
88.2%
0.4%
99.6%
0.4%
69.9%
33.9%
0.3%
48.6%
36.3%
15.1%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
5481
82.0%
3.5%
14.5%
11.2%
87.9%
0.9%
99.6%
0.4%
73.8%
41.3%
0.6%
50.6%
33.5%
15.9%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
5587
80.8%
5.4%
13.7%
10.2%
0.3%
88.2%
1.4%
99.7%
0.3%
77.3%
44.2%
0.9%
47.4%
35.6%
17.0%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
5790
79.8%
5.8%
14.5%
9.3%
0.1%
88.0%
2.6%
99.6%
0.4%
78.2%
51.6%
2.1%
44.2%
38.9%
16.9%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
5855
75.8%
5.8%
18.5%
9.4%
0.1%
88.1%
2.4%
99.4%
0.6%
80.8%
60.6%
1.5%
46.2%
32.9%
20.9%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
5994
80.5%
5.7%
13.8%
8.5%
0.0%
81.1%
10.4%
0.3%
99.6%
0.0%
84.8%
65.2%
3.4%
44.6%
40.0%
15.4%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
6056
77.7%
7.3%
15.0%
8.0%
0.3%
80.2%
11.5%
3.2%
96.8%
0.1%
87.8%
63.5%
3.4%
44.6%
35.8%
19.5%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
6228
82.6%
6.7%
10.7%
6.8%
0.4%
82.0%
10.8%
4.5%
94.8%
0.7%
92.0%
79.7%
3.0%
47.6%
35.4%
17.0%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
6632
81.6%
5.9%
12.5%
5.7%
1.9%
77.6%
14.8%
6.6%
92.4%
1.0%
92.9%
90.5%
6.2%
48.8%
37.4%
13.7%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
6717
78.3%
8.4%
13.4%
5.4%
0.6%
81.2%
12.8%
16.4%
82.3%
1.1%
93.4%
93.7%
4.0%
38.5%
43.4%
18.1%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
7018
84.1%
6.2%
9.6%
5.6%
2.1%
76.7%
15.7%
25.4%
73.2%
1.2%
98.0%
97.4%
5.8%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
7351
81.6%
7.7%
10.7%
5.6%
2.6%
72.2%
19.6%
35.3%
62.8%
1.3%
97.6%
97.2%
6.9%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
7452
79.3%
8.2%
12.5%
4.7%
3.2%
63.9%
28.2%
40.8%
57.1%
1.6%
97.2%
96.8%
5.8%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
7732
78.3%
10.3%
11.5%
4.6%
2.8%
60.6%
32.0%
42.2%
55.8%
1.0%
97.0%
97.1%
5.3%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
7761
78.4%
10.4%
11.2%
4.1%
4.8%
60.7%
30.3%
49.7%
49.3%
0.1%
97.2%
98.9%
4.0%
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
8340
77.6%
12.4%
10.0%
4.4%
4.9%
54.6%
36.2%
51.1%
47.6%
0.1%
97.1%
98.2%
6.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-2
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Truck
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
8280
0.420
40.2
26.3
35.2
30.8
0.0
0.0
284.0
3532
46.6
112.6
136
202
8.0
1.482
0.0560
83.6
5311
Car
Car SUV
1975
8281
0.001
13.1
10.1
12.6
11.1
851.4
699.4
798.5
4000
262
113
0.430
0.0282
26.5
Car
Car SUV
1976
8282
0.001
12.4
9.4
12.5
10.6
886.4
690.7
839.9
3986
263
123
0.467
0.0309
25.9
Car
Car SUV
1977
8283
0.001
14.3
11.2
13.6
12.2
768.4
633.2
730.7
4000
261
124
0.477
0.0311
29.5
Car
Car SUV
1978
8284
0.001
13.6
10.4
13.5
11.6
828.9
647.7
767.9
4000
262
126
14.2
0.481
0.0315
27.9
Car
Car SUV
1979
8285
0.001
16.8
13.9
14.8
14.3
604.1
577.2
622.9
3271
185
99
16.4
0.576
0.0300
27.8
Car
Car SUV
1980
8286
0.000
17.2
13.9
15.5
14.6
631.4
572.1
609.7
4000
280
122
16.1
0.436
0.0305
34.6
Car
Car SUV
1981
8287
0.000
17.3
13.7
16.1
14.7
647.9
553.4
605.4
4000
318
140
14.3
0.440
0.0350
34.5
Car
Car SUV
1982
8288
0.001
23.4
20.2
19.3
19.8
437.7
457.8
449.6
2630
159
88
17.3
0.557
0.0335
30.7
Car
Car SUV
1983
8289
0.003
24.3
19.5
22.4
20.7
454.4
388.3
429.6
3124
163
101
15.4
0.617
0.0325
38.4
Car
Car SUV
1984
8290
0.004
22.6
17.5
22.1
19.3
505.4
390.4
460.7
3487
179
109
15.2
0.615
0.0313
39.7
Car
Car SUV
1985
8291
0.006
23.5
17.6
24.2
20.1
502.8
366.3
442.6
3469
171
109
15.1
0.637
0.0314
40.8
Car
Car SUV
1986
8292
0.004
22.3
17.1
21.7
18.9
516.6
408.6
469.6
3479
170
121
13.5
0.713
0.0348
38.9
Car
Car SUV
1987
8293
0.006
22.9
17.1
23.1
19.4
517.6
384.6
457.5
3492
179
131
13.0
0.730
0.0374
40.0
Car
Car SUV
1988
8294
0.007
22.7
17.1
22.5
19.2
519.1
393.0
461.7
3495
199
142
12.4
0.719
0.0405
39.9
Car
Car SUV
1989
8295
0.007
22.7
17.1
22.1
19.1
519.8
402.0
465.0
3497
226
148
11.4
0.668
0.0422
39.8
Car
Car SUV
1990
8296
0.005
22.5
16.9
21.5
18.8
522.4
410.8
471.6
3518
209
146
10.9
0.714
0.0415
39.6
Car
Car SUV
1991
8297
0.018
21.8
16.4
20.5
18.2
534.3
427.9
488.1
3733
215
145
11.8
0.680
0.0385
40.7
Car
Car SUV
1992
8298
0.020
21.4
16.1
20.1
17.8
544.4
435.5
498.1
3713
210
153
11.1
0.734
0.0409
39.9
Car
Car SUV
1993
8299
0.036
20.4
15.0
19.6
17.0
582.1
448.2
521.9
3848
238
179
9.5
0.757
0.0462
39.5
Car
Car SUV
1994
8300
0.023
21.8
16.1
20.5
18.0
545.2
430.9
492.6
3735
209
163
9.9
0.791
0.0434
40.6
Car
Car SUV
1995
8301
0.015
21.5
15.7
20.5
17.8
556.2
429.9
498.9
3763
214
165
10.2
0.783
0.0436
40.6
Car
Car SUV
1996
8302
0.022
22.4
16.2
21.1
18.4
538.0
415.9
482.2
3710
215
167
10.3
0.802
0.0448
41.7
Car
Car SUV
1997
8303
0.025
23.5
17.1
21.7
19.2
507.7
402.6
462.0
3549
190
159
10.4
0.875
0.0446
41.9
Car
Car SUV
1998
8304
0.031
22.3
16.0
20.8
18.2
547.1
423.2
487.2
3824
218
168
10.6
0.802
0.0439
42.8
Car
Car SUV
1999
8305
0.032
22.7
16.3
21.0
18.5
538.3
420.2
480.1
3831
211
170
10.5
0.846
0.0442
43.7
Car
Car SUV
2000
8306
0.037
22.0
15.7
20.3
17.9
559.0
434.7
496.6
3870
211
174
10.0
0.857
0.0448
42.8
Car
Car SUV
2001
8307
0.048
23.3
16.4
21.4
18.8
531.6
410.3
471.9
3765
194
180
9.6
0.961
0.0477
44.2
Car
Car SUV
2002
8308
0.037
24.0
16.7
22.0
19.3
521.8
396.8
460.4
3747
183
179
9.8
1.003
0.0479
45.3
Car
Car SUV
2003
8309
0.036
24.8
17.2
22.7
19.9
509.6
386.2
446.3
3716
181
181
9.5
1.014
0.0486
46.4
Car
Car SUV
2004
8310
0.041
24.9
17.0
23.1
20.0
516.8
381.1
445.1
3854
191
198
9.2
1.039
0.0511
48.2
Car
Car SUV
2005
8311
0.051
25.4
17.3
23.2
20.2
508.4
380.8
439.6
3848
186
192
9.3
1.040
0.0498
49.0
Car
Car SUV
2006
8312
0.050
25.7
17.5
23.5
20.5
502.0
375.5
434.5
3876
184
192
9.4
1.051
0.0493
50.0
Car
Car SUV
2007
8313
0.060
25.9
17.6
23.8
20.6
499.0
371.4
430.6
3935
185
208
9.1
1.127
0.0524
51.2
Car
Car SUV
2008
8314
0.066
26.6
18.1
24.4
21.2
482.5
362.0
419.4
3902
46.2
179
204
9.2
1.141
0.0518
52.4
Car
Car SUV
2009
8315
0.065
27.8
18.8
25.3
22.0
463.4
348.9
403.2
3846
46.1
175
206
8.7
1.174
0.0534
53.9
Car
Car SUV
2010
8316
0.082
29.1
19.6
26.5
23.0
446.9
331.6
385.9
3949
46.9
172
213
8.7
1.240
0.0538
57.8
Car
Car SUV
2011
8317
0.100
29.9
20.0
27.1
23.5
439.3
325.6
378.0
3890
46.9
166
207
8.8
1.243
0.0530
58.4
Car
Car SUV
2012
8318
0.094
29.6
19.8
26.8
23.3
0.0
0.0
381.5
3915
46.8
167
211
8.7
1.260
0.0536
58.6
Car
Car SUV
2013
8319
0.100
31.1
20.7
28.1
24.3
0.0
0.0
365.0
3966
47.1
161
214
8.7
1.351
0.0534
62.1
Car
Car SUV
2014
8320
0.101
31.4
20.8
28.1
24.4
0.0
0.0
363.5
3865
46.5
154
204
8.8
1.347
0.0523
61.0
Car
Car SUV
2015
8321
0.102
32.3
21.5
28.8
25.1
0.0
0.0
353.5
3868
46.4
153
202
8.8
1.339
0.0519
62.9
Car
Car SUV
2016
8322
0.115
33.8
22.6
29.8
26.2
0.0
0.0
338.2
3782
46.1
142
194
8.9
1.372
0.0508
66.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-3
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
9454
72.9%
14.0%
13.1%
4.8%
7.3%
54.3%
33.6%
50.8%
44.7%
0.3%
94.4%
95.3%
7.6%
Car
Car SUV
1975
100.0%
68.3%
31.7%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1976
100.0%
69.1%
30.9%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1977
100.0%
82.5%
17.5%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1978
100.0%
84.2%
15.8%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1979
100.0%
37.7%
58.3%
3.9%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1980
100.0%
3.9%
9.4%
86.8%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1981
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1982
100.0%
4.6%
86.5%
8.9%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1983
100.0%
19.3%
37.6%
43.2%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1984
100.0%
19.4%
15.8%
64.8%
100.0%
Car
Car SUV
1985
100.0%
15.9%
84.1%
94.7%
5.3%
Car
Car SUV
1986
100.0%
18.1%
81.9%
13.1%
0.0%
86.8%
0.0%
Car
Car SUV
1987
100.0%
14.3%
85.7%
32.8%
67.2%
Car
Car SUV
1988
100.0%
24.6%
75.4%
48.2%
51.8%
Car
Car SUV
1989
100.0%
27.4%
72.6%
1.4%
44.7%
53.9%
Car
Car SUV
1990
100.0%
35.1%
1.8%
63.0%
5.1%
63.3%
31.6%
Car
Car SUV
1991
100.0%
22.2%
0.1%
77.7%
0.8%
49.3%
49.9%
Car
Car SUV
1992
100.0%
24.6%
75.4%
1.2%
68.4%
30.3%
Car
Car SUV
1993
100.0%
10.9%
89.1%
0.7%
90.6%
8.7%
Car
Car SUV
1994
2.6%
97.4%
21.5%
7.6%
70.9%
92.1%
7.9%
11.5%
Car
Car SUV
1995
0.1%
99.9%
17.4%
82.6%
90.8%
9.2%
19.1%
Car
Car SUV
1996
6.3%
93.7%
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
32.4%
Car
Car SUV
1997
20.3%
79.7%
23.2%
6.1%
70.7%
100.0%
54.6%
Car
Car SUV
1998
10.3%
89.7%
11.1%
88.9%
100.0%
29.2%
Car
Car SUV
1999
15.4%
84.6%
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
38.4%
4.6%
Car
Car SUV
2000
12.7%
87.3%
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
34.0%
5.0%
Car
Car SUV
2001
37.1%
62.9%
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
43.1%
10.0%
Car
Car SUV
2002
55.5%
44.5%
7.5%
92.4%
0.1%
100.0%
70.3%
18.3%
Car
Car SUV
2003
65.9%
34.1%
7.2%
84.4%
8.5%
100.0%
68.1%
19.6%
Car
Car SUV
2004
72.9%
3.4%
23.7%
5.8%
87.9%
6.3%
100.0%
75.5%
37.9%
Car
Car SUV
2005
74.0%
14.5%
11.5%
3.7%
91.9%
4.5%
100.0%
67.5%
27.3%
0.5%
Car
Car SUV
2006
77.7%
8.6%
13.7%
3.1%
91.7%
5.2%
100.0%
86.8%
33.4%
1.1%
Car
Car SUV
2007
85.4%
4.7%
10.0%
1.6%
94.5%
3.9%
100.0%
82.7%
46.8%
1.6%
Car
Car SUV
2008
87.0%
5.3%
7.6%
0.7%
93.6%
5.7%
2.2%
97.8%
89.6%
56.4%
2.3%
Car
Car SUV
2009
92.2%
2.8%
5.0%
0.6%
85.9%
13.5%
1.3%
98.7%
94.1%
73.7%
2.7%
Car
Car SUV
2010
88.4%
8.9%
2.8%
0.2%
91.5%
8.3%
26.2%
73.8%
100.0%
99.9%
1.4%
Car
Car SUV
2011
88.8%
9.7%
1.5%
0.5%
91.5%
8.0%
27.6%
72.4%
100.0%
99.8%
0.6%
Car
Car SUV
2012
81.6%
14.5%
3.9%
0.4%
88.4%
11.2%
39.5%
60.4%
98.0%
98.0%
0.4%
Car
Car SUV
2013
90.6%
7.8%
1.6%
0.3%
89.8%
9.8%
47.8%
52.2%
99.9%
99.9%
0.3%
Car
Car SUV
2014
91.0%
7.7%
1.3%
0.7%
90.0%
9.4%
51.8%
48.1%
99.9%
99.9%
0.1%
Car
Car SUV
2015
90.5%
8.1%
1.4%
0.6%
0.0%
79.4%
20.1%
52.8%
47.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Car
Car SUV
2016
85.4%
13.4%
1.2%
0.7%
3.9%
68.6%
26.8%
49.0%
50.0%
99.1%
99.1%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-4
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Truck
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Car
Car SUV
2017
8323
0.115
33.6
22.4
30.0
26.2
0.0
0.0
338.8
3855
46.5
138
198
8.9
1.453
0.0508
67.0
Car
Car SUV
2018
8324
0.097
34.8
23.3
30.1
26.8
0.0
0.0
331.4
3778
46.0
129
190
9.0
1.499
0.0498
68.1
Car
All
1975
8325
0.807
15.8
12.3
15.2
13.5
670.1
541.9
660.6
4057
288
136
0.515
0.0331
32.3
Car
All
1976
8326
0.789
17.5
13.7
16.6
14.9
610.1
502.2
598.1
4059
287
134
0.502
0.0324
35.5
Car
All
1977
8327
0.801
18.3
14.4
17.4
15.6
577.0
479.1
570.4
3944
279
133
0.516
0.0335
36.4
Car
All
1978
8328
0.775
19.9
15.5
19.1
16.9
537.0
441.0
525.2
3588
251
124
13.7
0.538
0.0342
35.9
Car
All
1979
8329
0.779
20.2
15.9
19.2
17.2
532.0
442.9
516.7
3485
238
119
14.5
0.545
0.0338
35.4
Car
All
1980
8330
0.835
23.5
18.3
22.6
20.0
466.8
380.4
446.3
3101
188
100
15.5
0.583
0.0322
36.6
Car
All
1981
8331
0.828
25.1
19.5
24.2
21.4
436.8
354.9
418.0
3076
182
99
15.6
0.594
0.0320
38.9
Car
All
1982
8332
0.805
26.0
20.1
25.5
22.2
423.6
336.6
402.5
3053
175
99
16.6
0.609
0.0320
40.1
Car
All
1983
8333
0.780
25.9
19.9
25.5
22.1
422.1
335.5
403.4
3112
182
104
14.8
0.615
0.0330
40.7
Car
All
1984
8334
0.765
26.3
20.2
25.9
22.4
419.3
330.7
397.0
3101
179
106
14.5
0.637
0.0338
41.1
Car
All
1985
8335
0.752
26.9
20.6
26.7
23.0
411.7
322.5
387.0
3096
177
111
13.9
0.671
0.0354
41.9
Car
All
1986
8336
0.721
27.9
21.2
27.6
23.7
402.7
314.2
375.2
3043
167
111
13.2
0.701
0.0360
42.6
Car
All
1987
8337
0.728
28.0
21.2
27.7
23.8
404.0
313.8
374.2
3035
162
113
13.3
0.732
0.0365
42.7
Car
All
1988
8338
0.709
28.5
21.4
28.1
24.1
400.0
309.5
369.0
3051
161
116
13.3
0.758
0.0375
43.7
Car
All
1989
8339
0.701
28.1
20.8
27.8
23.6
412.2
314.2
375.8
3104
163
121
12.5
0.782
0.0387
43.7
Car
All
1990
8340
0.704
27.7
20.4
27.4
23.3
422.0
318.8
381.5
3178
163
129
11.4
0.829
0.0401
44.2
Car
All
1991
8341
0.696
27.8
20.4
27.4
23.3
421.6
318.1
382.2
3168
164
133
11.3
0.847
0.0413
44.2
Car
All
1992
8342
0.686
27.4
19.8
27.2
22.9
432.8
320.2
388.5
3254
171
141
10.8
0.864
0.0427
44.7
Car
All
1993
8343
0.676
27.6
19.9
27.3
23.0
430.6
318.4
386.4
3241
170
140
10.1
0.859
0.0427
45.1
Car
All
1994
8344
0.619
27.7
19.8
27.4
23.0
433.7
318.1
386.1
3268
169
144
9.9
0.880
0.0432
45.5
Car
All
1995
8345
0.635
28.1
19.8
27.9
23.3
433.7
313.1
381.9
3274
168
153
9.8
0.941
0.0460
46.2
Car
All
1996
8346
0.622
28.0
19.7
27.6
23.1
439.3
316.2
384.4
3297
167
155
10.1
0.952
0.0463
46.4
Car
All
1997
8347
0.601
28.2
19.7
27.6
23.2
439.9
316.4
383.7
3285
165
156
10.0
0.970
0.0468
46.5
Car
All
1998
8348
0.583
28.1
19.5
27.5
23.0
444.7
318.3
386.1
3334
167
160
10.2
0.983
0.0473
47.1
Car
All
1999
8349
0.583
27.8
19.2
27.0
22.7
453.7
324.0
391.5
3390
168
164
10.1
1.000
0.0479
47.3
Car
All
2000
8350
0.588
27.7
19.0
26.7
22.5
457.4
327.6
394.8
3401
168
168
9.5
1.021
0.0489
47.3
Car
All
2001
8351
0.586
27.9
19.1
26.7
22.6
453.3
326.2
392.7
3411
167
169
9.4
1.035
0.0491
48.0
Car
All
2002
8352
0.552
28.3
19.2
26.8
22.8
452.0
326.1
390.2
3415
167
173
9.4
1.061
0.0502
48.6
Car
All
2003
8353
0.539
28.7
19.3
27.1
23.0
449.1
322.4
386.3
3437
166
176
9.1
1.082
0.0508
49.7
Car
All
2004
8354
0.520
28.5
19.1
27.0
22.9
453.0
323.1
388.9
3492
170
184
9.0
1.101
0.0520
50.3
Car
All
2005
8355
0.556
29.1
19.4
27.2
23.1
442.7
320.5
384.1
3498
168
183
9.0
1.108
0.0516
51.5
Car
All
2006
8356
0.579
28.9
19.2
27.1
23.0
446.9
321.3
386.2
3563
173
194
8.8
1.138
0.0536
52.2
Car
All
2007
8357
0.589
29.8
19.8
27.8
23.7
428.4
312.3
375.0
3551
167
191
8.9
1.154
0.0530
53.9
Car
All
2008
8358
0.593
30.1
20.0
28.0
23.9
424.3
309.9
372.2
3569
45.3
166
194
8.9
1.174
0.0534
54.6
Car
All
2009
8359
0.670
31.6
21.0
29.2
25.0
406.9
298.7
356.1
3502
45.0
157
186
8.9
1.189
0.0522
56.3
Car
All
2010
8360
0.628
32.6
21.7
29.9
25.7
0.0
0.0
346.1
3536
45.4
158
190
8.8
1.203
0.0528
59.6
Car
All
2011
8361
0.578
32.3
21.3
29.6
25.4
0.0
0.0
350.3
3617
46.0
160
200
8.6
1.250
0.0544
60.0
Car
All
2012
8362
0.644
34.4
22.7
31.2
26.9
0.0
0.0
330.9
3519
45.7
150
192
8.6
1.276
0.0536
62.6
Car
All
2013
8363
0.641
35.5
23.4
32.1
27.7
0.0
0.0
321.2
3543
45.9
147
197
8.5
1.345
0.0546
65.7
Car
All
2014
8364
0.593
35.6
23.4
32.0
27.6
0.0
0.0
321.7
3559
46.1
148
198
8.4
1.352
0.0546
66.0
Car
All
2015
8365
0.574
36.5
23.9
32.7
28.2
0.0
0.0
314.3
3556
46.1
146
197
8.4
1.356
0.0544
68.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-5
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
Car
Car SUV
2017
87.8%
10.2%
2.0%
0.2%
4.0%
79.4%
16.4%
57.2%
41.9%
99.1%
99.1%
0.1%
Car
Car SUV
2018
90.8%
7.7%
1.5%
0.4%
2.7%
79.1%
17.8%
55.3%
42.5%
1.2%
99.1%
97.8%
0.4%
Car
All
1975
6.5%
93.5%
19.7%
80.0%
0.3%
94.6%
5.1%
0.2%
Car
All
1976
5.8%
94.2%
17.2%
82.8%
96.6%
3.2%
0.3%
Car
All
1977
6.8%
93.2%
16.9%
83.1%
95.3%
4.2%
0.5%
Car
All
1978
9.6%
90.4%
19.9%
73.0%
7.1%
94.0%
5.1%
0.9%
Car
All
1979
11.9%
0.3%
87.8%
21.1%
69.6%
8.8%
0.5%
93.2%
4.7%
2.1%
Car
All
1980
29.7%
0.9%
69.4%
30.9%
51.6%
16.8%
0.6%
88.7%
6.2%
0.7%
4.4%
Car
All
1981
37.0%
0.7%
62.2%
29.9%
36.2%
33.3%
0.6%
85.3%
6.1%
2.6%
5.9%
Car
All
1982
45.6%
0.8%
53.6%
29.2%
19.1%
51.3%
0.5%
78.4%
7.2%
9.8%
4.7%
Car
All
1983
47.1%
3.1%
49.9%
26.0%
16.8%
56.7%
0.5%
69.7%
9.4%
18.8%
2.1%
Car
All
1984
53.5%
1.0%
45.5%
24.1%
17.5%
58.3%
0.0%
59.1%
14.9%
24.3%
1.7%
Car
All
1985
61.1%
2.1%
36.8%
22.8%
18.4%
58.9%
46.0%
21.3%
31.8%
0.9%
Car
All
1986
70.7%
1.0%
28.2%
24.7%
17.1%
58.1%
34.4%
36.5%
28.7%
0.3%
4.7%
Car
All
1987
76.4%
1.1%
22.6%
24.8%
15.5%
59.7%
26.5%
42.4%
30.8%
0.2%
14.6%
Car
All
1988
80.9%
0.8%
18.3%
24.3%
9.5%
66.2%
16.1%
53.7%
30.2%
0.0%
19.7%
Car
All
1989
81.6%
1.0%
17.4%
21.1%
9.5%
69.3%
0.1%
9.6%
62.2%
28.1%
0.0%
24.1%
Car
All
1990
84.0%
1.0%
15.0%
19.8%
7.4%
72.8%
0.0%
1.4%
77.4%
21.2%
0.0%
32.8%
0.6%
Car
All
1991
81.1%
1.3%
17.5%
20.6%
5.7%
73.7%
0.0%
0.1%
77.2%
22.6%
0.1%
33.2%
2.4%
Car
All
1992
78.4%
1.1%
20.5%
17.6%
6.0%
76.4%
0.0%
0.0%
88.9%
11.0%
0.1%
34.0%
4.4%
Car
All
1993
80.6%
1.1%
18.3%
17.5%
4.9%
77.6%
0.0%
0.0%
91.5%
8.5%
34.8%
4.5%
Car
All
1994
81.3%
0.4%
18.3%
16.9%
4.1%
78.9%
94.8%
5.2%
0.0%
39.9%
7.7%
Car
All
1995
80.1%
1.1%
18.8%
16.3%
1.8%
81.9%
98.6%
1.3%
0.1%
51.4%
9.6%
Car
All
1996
83.7%
1.4%
14.8%
14.9%
1.5%
83.6%
0.0%
98.8%
1.1%
0.1%
56.4%
11.3%
Car
All
1997
83.8%
1.7%
14.5%
13.9%
0.8%
85.2%
0.1%
99.2%
0.8%
0.1%
58.4%
10.8%
Car
All
1998
82.9%
2.1%
15.0%
12.2%
0.3%
87.4%
0.1%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
59.6%
17.4%
Car
All
1999
83.2%
2.1%
14.7%
10.8%
0.6%
88.6%
0.0%
99.8%
0.1%
0.2%
63.2%
16.4%
Car
All
2000
80.4%
2.0%
17.7%
10.8%
1.0%
88.1%
0.0%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
63.2%
22.2%
0.1%
Car
All
2001
80.3%
3.0%
16.7%
11.0%
0.8%
88.0%
0.2%
99.8%
0.2%
65.3%
26.9%
0.2%
Car
All
2002
82.9%
3.6%
13.5%
10.9%
0.2%
88.4%
0.4%
99.6%
0.4%
69.9%
32.8%
0.3%
Car
All
2003
80.9%
3.2%
15.9%
10.9%
87.7%
1.4%
99.7%
0.3%
73.4%
39.8%
0.6%
Car
All
2004
80.2%
5.3%
14.5%
9.8%
0.2%
88.2%
1.7%
99.7%
0.3%
77.1%
43.7%
0.9%
Car
All
2005
79.2%
6.6%
14.2%
8.8%
0.1%
88.4%
2.8%
99.6%
0.4%
77.2%
49.4%
1.9%
Car
All
2006
75.9%
6.0%
18.0%
8.8%
0.1%
88.4%
2.7%
99.4%
0.6%
81.3%
58.2%
1.5%
Car
All
2007
81.0%
5.6%
13.4%
7.8%
0.0%
82.5%
9.7%
0.3%
99.7%
0.0%
84.6%
63.3%
3.2%
Car
All
2008
78.8%
7.1%
14.1%
7.2%
0.3%
81.7%
10.8%
3.1%
96.9%
0.1%
88.0%
62.7%
3.3%
Car
All
2009
83.5%
6.3%
10.2%
6.2%
0.3%
82.4%
11.1%
4.2%
95.2%
0.6%
92.2%
79.1%
2.9%
Car
All
2010
82.5%
6.3%
11.2%
5.0%
1.6%
79.4%
14.0%
9.2%
89.9%
0.9%
93.8%
91.8%
5.6%
Car
All
2011
80.1%
8.6%
11.3%
4.6%
0.5%
83.0%
12.0%
18.4%
80.6%
0.9%
94.5%
94.8%
3.4%
Car
All
2012
83.8%
7.5%
8.8%
4.9%
1.8%
78.4%
15.0%
27.4%
71.3%
1.0%
98.0%
97.5%
5.1%
Car
All
2013
83.0%
7.7%
9.3%
4.8%
2.2%
75.0%
18.1%
37.3%
61.1%
1.1%
98.0%
97.6%
5.9%
Car
All
2014
81.3%
8.2%
10.6%
4.0%
2.7%
68.4%
25.0%
42.7%
55.5%
1.3%
97.6%
97.3%
4.8%
Car
All
2015
80.4%
9.9%
9.7%
3.9%
2.3%
63.9%
29.9%
44.0%
54.3%
0.8%
97.6%
97.6%
4.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-6
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Truck
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Car
All
2016
8366
0.553
36.9
24.2
33.0
28.5
0.0
0.0
310.5
3533
46.1
142
196
8.4
1.396
0.0546
68.6
Car
All
2017
8367
0.525
37.6
24.8
33.8
29.2
0.0
0.0
302.9
3555
46.2
138
194
8.4
1.420
0.0536
72.6
Car
All
2018
8368
0.517
39.1
25.7
34.1
29.9
0.0
0.0
292.9
3578
46.5
135
200
8.2
1.485
0.0549
80.7
Truck
Van
1975
8369
0.045
13.1
10.6
11.9
11.1
819.3
717.6
800.2
4196
318
143
0.448
0.0341
28.1
Truck
Van
1976
8370
0.041
13.9
11.1
12.8
11.8
783.1
675.3
754.2
4200
324
146
0.447
0.0347
29.7
Truck
Van
1977
8371
0.036
14.7
11.9
13.3
12.5
729.6
653.9
710.2
4252
332
152
0.458
0.0359
31.7
Truck
Van
1978
8372
0.043
14.2
11.6
12.7
12.1
746.7
680.9
735.7
4250
329
149
13.4
0.453
0.0351
30.8
Truck
Van
1979
8373
0.035
13.5
11.1
12.1
11.5
780.3
716.8
773.8
4541
322
144
15.5
0.451
0.0317
31.3
Truck
Van
1980
8374
0.021
16.6
13.3
15.4
14.1
658.2
566.3
628.7
4353
288
131
16.5
0.459
0.0299
36.4
Truck
Van
1981
8375
0.023
17.5
14.0
16.0
14.8
628.1
546.2
598.8
4324
284
129
16.5
0.458
0.0298
38.0
Truck
Van
1982
8376
0.032
17.3
13.9
15.9
14.7
629.4
551.8
604.5
4342
287
132
17.6
0.463
0.0303
38.0
Truck
Van
1983
8377
0.037
17.7
14.1
16.5
15.1
626.2
531.9
592.6
4414
294
136
15.7
0.466
0.0307
39.7
Truck
Van
1984
8378
0.048
18.9
15.0
17.7
16.1
567.7
480.4
552.2
4075
249
126
15.9
0.538
0.0307
39.3
Truck
Van
1985
8379
0.059
19.5
15.5
18.1
16.5
552.1
469.7
537.3
3975
236
129
15.3
0.578
0.0322
39.3
Truck
Van
1986
8380
0.068
20.6
16.1
19.4
17.5
536.4
444.7
509.0
3998
228
127
14.7
0.588
0.0317
41.5
Truck
Van
1987
8381
0.075
20.9
16.2
19.8
17.7
536.4
436.6
503.3
3972
226
142
13.9
0.657
0.0356
41.7
Truck
Van
1988
8382
0.074
21.2
16.2
20.3
17.9
539.6
427.1
497.2
4053
229
147
13.9
0.671
0.0363
43.2
Truck
Van
1989
8383
0.088
21.1
16.1
20.2
17.8
542.4
430.0
499.4
4057
225
146
13.4
0.680
0.0360
43.2
Truck
Van
1990
8384
0.100
21.2
16.0
20.4
17.8
546.4
426.0
498.1
4095
225
149
12.5
0.682
0.0363
43.8
Truck
Van
1991
8385
0.082
21.4
16.0
20.5
17.9
546.4
428.1
496.2
4133
220
149
12.7
0.701
0.0359
44.5
Truck
Van
1992
8386
0.100
21.5
15.9
20.5
17.9
548.0
425.8
495.9
4151
222
152
12.2
0.705
0.0366
44.8
Truck
Van
1993
8387
0.109
21.9
16.0
21.0
18.2
547.0
416.0
488.2
4105
218
155
11.2
0.730
0.0378
45.0
Truck
Van
1994
8388
0.100
21.5
15.7
20.5
17.8
557.4
425.7
498.2
4156
226
159
11.0
0.721
0.0384
44.9
Truck
Van
1995
8389
0.110
21.8
15.8
21.0
18.1
556.3
416.2
491.6
4110
231
159
11.2
0.708
0.0387
45.0
Truck
Van
1996
8390
0.107
22.2
15.9
21.4
18.3
551.7
409.9
484.6
4195
220
171
11.3
0.790
0.0408
46.8
Truck
Van
1997
8391
0.088
22.1
15.7
21.2
18.2
559.5
415.2
489.0
4240
220
174
11.2
0.802
0.0410
46.9
Truck
Van
1998
8392
0.103
22.7
16.0
22.0
18.7
550.4
400.6
475.3
4183
217
180
11.1
0.840
0.0431
47.7
Truck
Van
1999
8393
0.096
22.3
15.6
21.5
18.3
564.5
408.1
486.2
4306
223
183
11.1
0.832
0.0424
48.1
Truck
Van
2000
8394
0.102
22.8
15.9
21.8
18.6
556.2
402.2
477.6
4276
217
183
10.6
0.858
0.0428
48.9
Truck
Van
2001
8395
0.079
22.1
15.3
21.1
18.0
568.7
411.6
492.5
4518
229
202
10.1
0.897
0.0447
50.3
Truck
Van
2002
8396
0.077
23.1
15.9
21.9
18.7
554.5
400.3
475.2
4394
218
199
10.1
0.929
0.0455
50.9
Truck
Van
2003
8397
0.078
23.5
16.0
22.2
19.0
549.7
394.4
468.2
4393
219
202
10.0
0.929
0.0459
51.7
Truck
Van
2004
8398
0.061
23.7
16.0
22.7
19.2
553.4
388.3
463.8
4487
219
214
9.7
0.988
0.0477
53.4
Truck
Van
2005
8399
0.093
24.0
16.1
22.8
19.3
550.2
387.8
460.4
4430
216
209
9.7
0.976
0.0472
53.2
Truck
Van
2006
8400
0.077
24.3
16.2
23.1
19.5
545.9
382.0
455.0
4475
216
211
9.7
0.984
0.0472
54.4
Truck
Van
2007
8401
0.055
24.2
16.1
23.1
19.5
548.6
382.9
455.8
4479
219
225
9.4
1.034
0.0503
54.3
Truck
Van
2008
8402
0.057
24.6
16.4
23.5
19.8
538.7
376.8
448.4
4527
54.1
220
221
9.6
1.010
0.0488
55.9
Truck
Van
2009
8403
0.040
25.0
16.7
23.7
20.1
529.7
372.7
442.9
4572
54.5
215
220
9.4
1.033
0.0482
57.2
Truck
Van
2010
8404
0.050
25.0
16.7
23.7
20.1
526.3
372.9
441.7
4533
54.2
214
212
9.7
1.001
0.0467
56.8
Truck
Van
2011
8405
0.043
26.3
17.6
24.5
20.9
502.6
359.9
424.2
4502
55.4
212
259
8.4
1.224
0.0574
59.2
Truck
Van
2012
8406
0.049
26.6
17.7
25.1
21.3
497.6
352.2
417.8
4442
54.8
210
254
8.5
1.211
0.0570
59.3
Truck
Van
2013
8407
0.038
26.3
17.5
24.8
21.1
502.9
355.6
422.0
4543
54.8
209
257
8.5
1.228
0.0563
59.8
Truck
Van
2014
8408
0.043
26.6
17.7
25.0
21.3
496.9
352.4
417.8
4489
55.1
213
260
8.3
1.224
0.0579
60.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-7
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
Car
All
2016
79.8%
11.0%
9.1%
3.4%
4.7%
62.4%
29.6%
49.6%
49.5%
0.1%
97.6%
99.0%
3.2%
Car
All
2017
79.8%
11.9%
8.3%
3.5%
4.7%
60.1%
31.8%
52.4%
46.3%
0.1%
97.5%
98.4%
4.7%
Car
All
2018
76.3%
12.8%
10.9%
4.0%
6.4%
59.0%
30.6%
51.7%
44.3%
0.5%
95.3%
95.7%
6.2%
Truck
Van
1975
100.0%
23.3%
76.7%
99.8%
0.2%
Truck
Van
1976
100.0%
20.5%
79.5%
99.7%
0.3%
Truck
Van
1977
100.0%
14.3%
85.7%
99.6%
0.4%
Truck
Van
1978
100.0%
13.0%
87.0%
99.6%
0.4%
Truck
Van
1979
100.0%
14.8%
78.4%
6.8%
98.2%
1.8%
Truck
Van
1980
100.0%
26.0%
35.0%
39.0%
93.5%
6.5%
Truck
Van
1981
0.3%
99.7%
21.9%
31.4%
46.6%
95.4%
4.6%
Truck
Van
1982
100.0%
15.7%
38.5%
45.8%
95.2%
3.0%
1.8%
Truck
Van
1983
0.2%
99.8%
12.0%
28.6%
59.3%
92.0%
3.5%
4.5%
Truck
Van
1984
22.3%
77.7%
15.5%
39.0%
45.6%
0.0%
89.0%
6.6%
3.1%
1.2%
Truck
Van
1985
30.4%
0.3%
69.3%
10.0%
42.7%
47.4%
90.4%
6.3%
2.9%
0.3%
Truck
Van
1986
24.4%
1.3%
74.3%
8.5%
31.4%
60.1%
61.5%
21.8%
16.3%
0.4%
Truck
Van
1987
27.5%
1.9%
70.5%
6.4%
25.7%
67.6%
0.2%
23.9%
45.8%
30.2%
0.1%
Truck
Van
1988
36.3%
0.8%
63.0%
3.7%
17.6%
78.7%
0.2%
56.9%
42.8%
0.1%
Truck
Van
1989
34.4%
0.7%
64.9%
2.9%
20.5%
76.5%
0.0%
58.1%
41.8%
0.1%
Truck
Van
1990
46.8%
6.6%
46.7%
1.8%
4.7%
93.5%
0.0%
58.1%
41.9%
0.1%
Truck
Van
1991
38.2%
10.9%
50.9%
1.4%
2.1%
96.5%
63.3%
36.6%
0.1%
Truck
Van
1992
45.4%
5.5%
49.1%
1.6%
2.0%
96.4%
71.9%
28.1%
0.1%
Truck
Van
1993
49.8%
4.5%
45.6%
1.2%
1.7%
97.2%
79.0%
21.0%
Truck
Van
1994
52.3%
6.4%
41.3%
0.5%
2.1%
97.4%
81.2%
18.8%
3.5%
Truck
Van
1995
61.3%
9.1%
29.6%
0.1%
1.6%
98.2%
87.4%
12.6%
4.5%
Truck
Van
1996
73.8%
2.3%
23.9%
0.0%
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
5.7%
Truck
Van
1997
64.8%
4.7%
30.6%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
6.3%
Truck
Van
1998
78.3%
3.2%
18.4%
100.0%
100.0%
10.4%
Truck
Van
1999
76.0%
2.7%
21.3%
100.0%
100.0%
12.5%
8.2%
Truck
Van
2000
80.6%
2.7%
16.7%
100.0%
100.0%
21.6%
15.0%
Truck
Van
2001
69.3%
8.7%
22.1%
100.0%
100.0%
22.6%
17.0%
Truck
Van
2002
84.3%
3.0%
12.6%
100.0%
100.0%
28.4%
20.9%
Truck
Van
2003
83.5%
5.0%
11.4%
100.0%
100.0%
25.8%
19.6%
Truck
Van
2004
86.6%
4.9%
8.5%
100.0%
100.0%
52.3%
46.1%
Truck
Van
2005
89.2%
5.5%
5.4%
94.9%
5.1%
100.0%
38.0%
25.0%
Truck
Van
2006
89.8%
4.5%
5.7%
95.3%
4.7%
100.0%
46.8%
36.4%
Truck
Van
2007
93.8%
2.9%
3.3%
95.5%
4.5%
100.0%
53.1%
48.7%
Truck
Van
2008
92.9%
4.0%
3.1%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
52.8%
48.1%
Truck
Van
2009
94.1%
2.5%
3.4%
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
58.9%
47.1%
Truck
Van
2010
96.3%
1.6%
2.1%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
51.8%
37.7%
Truck
Van
2011
91.4%
5.6%
2.9%
96.9%
3.1%
100.0%
96.6%
92.5%
Truck
Van
2012
93.4%
3.1%
3.5%
0.2%
96.6%
3.2%
100.0%
96.0%
91.7%
Truck
Van
2013
93.1%
4.1%
2.8%
0.1%
96.9%
3.0%
100.0%
96.6%
90.3%
Truck
Van
2014
93.3%
3.8%
2.9%
0.1%
97.1%
2.8%
0.3%
99.7%
96.5%
97.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-8
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Truck
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Truck
Van
2015
8409
0.039
27.4
18.3
25.4
21.8
480.7
347.7
408.0
4416
54.6
203
250
8.5
1.229
0.0563
60.7
Truck
Van
2016
8410
0.039
27.2
18.1
25.5
21.7
488.5
347.2
410.3
4459
55.2
206
256
8.3
1.246
0.0573
60.7
Truck
Van
2017
8411
0.036
28.0
18.4
26.4
22.2
468.3
333.8
399.4
4503
55.7
206
268
7.9
1.296
0.0591
64.0
Truck
Van
2018
8412
0.033
29.0
19.2
26.8
22.9
392.3
323.8
385.8
4485
55.1
201
262
7.8
1.295
0.0581
67.8
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
8413
0.017
13.0
10.6
11.5
11.0
814.4
735.6
806.4
4214
332
148
0.443
0.0361
27.2
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
8414
0.019
13.9
11.2
12.5
11.8
775.8
695.3
755.1
4328
339
142
0.415
0.0333
29.8
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
8415
0.019
15.1
12.2
13.7
12.8
712.9
637.6
691.8
4248
337
145
0.428
0.0345
32.0
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
8416
0.025
14.5
11.6
13.2
12.3
749.4
662.3
723.3
4282
342
150
13.2
0.435
0.0353
30.8
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
8417
0.028
12.4
10.3
10.8
10.5
835.2
793.5
844.0
4561
337
145
14.8
0.433
0.0323
28.3
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
8418
0.016
15.5
12.5
14.1
13.2
687.6
612.7
675.6
4237
295
131
15.7
0.453
0.0307
32.9
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
8419
0.013
16.8
13.4
15.5
14.3
641.4
556.1
621.4
4208
290
132
15.4
0.460
0.0315
35.4
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
8420
0.015
17.3
13.7
16.2
14.7
645.2
542.2
616.0
4494
305
133
16.8
0.444
0.0300
39.9
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
8421
0.025
18.5
14.5
17.7
15.8
600.2
487.0
567.8
4270
265
127
15.5
0.507
0.0300
40.3
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
8422
0.041
19.0
14.9
18.0
16.2
575.2
473.7
550.6
4049
231
122
15.6
0.554
0.0300
39.0
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
8423
0.045
19.4
15.1
18.7
16.5
571.2
456.3
538.5
4092
222
123
15.4
0.583
0.0299
40.2
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
8424
0.046
20.1
15.6
19.1
17.0
546.5
452.1
522.7
3958
210
128
14.0
0.653
0.0323
40.0
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
8425
0.052
20.4
15.8
19.5
17.3
539.3
440.1
514.8
3882
212
137
13.5
0.680
0.0353
39.7
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
8426
0.056
20.2
15.5
19.2
17.0
547.9
447.6
522.3
3906
222
144
13.3
0.682
0.0369
39.4
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
8427
0.057
19.7
15.0
18.6
16.6
571.7
464.6
537.1
4086
244
156
12.4
0.665
0.0384
40.3
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
8428
0.051
19.6
14.8
18.6
16.4
578.8
466.5
540.9
4098
235
155
11.7
0.694
0.0381
40.1
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
8429
0.069
20.0
15.0
19.1
16.7
582.7
460.2
531.2
4157
233
162
11.6
0.709
0.0391
41.6
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
8430
0.062
19.4
14.5
18.5
16.2
603.0
474.0
548.5
4204
235
170
11.0
0.738
0.0408
40.8
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
8431
0.063
19.6
14.5
18.6
16.3
600.7
471.3
545.5
4331
244
179
10.1
0.753
0.0419
42.3
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
8432
0.091
19.3
14.3
18.2
16.0
613.1
481.8
555.2
4331
245
180
10.1
0.756
0.0420
41.8
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
8433
0.105
19.3
14.2
18.2
16.0
615.6
481.9
555.5
4323
245
177
10.4
0.751
0.0414
41.8
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
8434
0.122
19.6
14.2
18.7
16.2
616.2
470.1
547.7
4386
259
189
10.5
0.744
0.0432
43.1
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
8435
0.145
19.6
14.2
18.4
16.1
616.3
478.3
550.9
4463
255
190
10.5
0.765
0.0427
43.7
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
8436
0.147
19.7
14.1
18.5
16.2
616.5
472.7
549.9
4450
252
192
10.7
0.786
0.0432
43.9
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
8437
0.154
19.6
14.1
18.4
16.1
618.0
478.4
552.9
4518
253
204
10.4
0.837
0.0452
44.4
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
8438
0.152
19.6
14.0
18.2
16.0
622.4
481.9
555.2
4602
253
206
10.0
0.839
0.0449
45.2
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
8439
0.173
20.2
14.4
18.6
16.4
606.0
470.3
541.4
4546
239
213
9.6
0.920
0.0469
46.0
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
8440
0.223
20.1
14.1
18.7
16.3
619.2
470.1
544.9
4636
245
229
9.4
0.952
0.0493
46.6
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
8441
0.226
20.3
14.1
18.8
16.4
616.1
464.5
541.1
4754
247
233
9.3
0.967
0.0492
48.2
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
8442
0.259
20.4
14.1
19.0
16.5
620.0
461.8
539.5
4756
252
240
9.1
0.973
0.0505
48.5
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
8443
0.206
20.8
14.3
19.2
16.7
609.7
456.1
531.2
4756
244
244
8.9
1.018
0.0512
49.6
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
8444
0.199
21.4
14.7
19.7
17.2
587.8
444.9
518.0
4715
236
240
9.0
1.028
0.0507
50.9
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
8445
0.217
22.0
15.1
20.3
17.7
576.0
431.4
502.9
4797
240
252
8.9
1.068
0.0523
53.1
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
8446
0.221
22.7
15.5
20.9
18.2
557.5
419.1
488.9
4727
48.7
230
250
8.9
1.105
0.0525
54.0
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
8447
0.184
24.1
16.4
22.2
19.3
529.2
395.4
461.4
4548
48.6
211
244
8.7
1.170
0.0532
55.1
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
8448
0.207
24.7
16.8
22.6
19.7
515.3
387.0
451.9
4555
48.3
212
243
8.7
1.163
0.0531
56.6
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
8449
0.255
24.9
16.9
22.8
19.8
513.1
384.6
448.8
4665
49.7
217
257
8.5
1.203
0.0547
58.2
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
8450
0.206
25.1
17.1
23.0
20.0
509.7
380.8
444.9
4640
49.7
215
261
8.4
1.232
0.0558
58.5
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
8451
0.218
26.3
17.8
23.9
20.8
486.2
364.6
427.1
4584
49.7
205
257
8.4
1.284
0.0555
60.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-9
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
Truck
Van
2015
94.1%
4.6%
1.3%
91.9%
8.1%
4.9%
95.1%
99.6%
100.0%
Truck
Van
2016
94.8%
2.4%
2.8%
97.1%
2.9%
9.9%
90.1%
99.9%
100.0%
Truck
Van
2017
92.5%
5.4%
2.1%
93.7%
6.3%
6.9%
93.1%
99.8%
100.0%
0.5%
Truck
Van
2018
93.9%
3.6%
2.5%
91.0%
9.0%
38.2%
61.8%
100.0%
100.0%
3.2%
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
88.9%
11.1%
39.8%
60.2%
100.0%
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
89.5%
10.5%
32.2%
67.8%
100.0%
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
88.4%
11.6%
32.6%
67.4%
100.0%
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
92.4%
7.6%
32.1%
67.9%
100.0%
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
72.2%
27.8%
33.1%
66.5%
0.4%
99.8%
0.2%
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
88.9%
11.1%
43.6%
30.3%
26.1%
97.7%
2.3%
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
90.5%
9.5%
41.0%
17.9%
41.1%
100.0%
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
86.2%
13.8%
31.9%
23.1%
45.0%
83.4%
16.6%
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
91.3%
8.7%
33.7%
13.6%
52.3%
0.4%
92.4%
7.6%
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
93.3%
6.7%
30.3%
28.9%
40.8%
97.5%
2.5%
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
91.3%
8.7%
29.5%
13.6%
56.9%
92.9%
4.4%
1.0%
1.7%
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
93.3%
6.7%
38.9%
7.5%
53.6%
51.8%
25.9%
20.6%
1.7%
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
94.1%
5.9%
39.6%
9.4%
51.0%
27.8%
33.1%
38.7%
0.5%
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
94.3%
5.7%
34.5%
8.0%
57.5%
17.6%
47.3%
34.8%
0.3%
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
93.5%
6.5%
26.0%
8.5%
65.6%
6.9%
46.3%
46.5%
0.3%
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
92.5%
7.5%
29.1%
4.1%
66.8%
5.2%
56.7%
37.8%
0.3%
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
96.3%
3.7%
21.8%
1.7%
76.5%
0.4%
62.2%
37.2%
0.2%
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
95.4%
4.6%
21.7%
0.9%
77.4%
74.5%
25.5%
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
93.1%
6.9%
19.1%
0.9%
79.9%
83.0%
17.0%
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
95.7%
4.3%
15.2%
84.8%
84.7%
15.3%
13.4%
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
90.1%
9.9%
15.0%
85.0%
84.9%
15.1%
15.1%
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
83.8%
16.2%
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
0.0%
13.5%
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
81.9%
18.1%
9.7%
90.3%
100.0%
0.0%
19.1%
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
86.2%
13.8%
7.5%
92.5%
100.0%
0.0%
22.0%
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
79.4%
20.6%
5.9%
94.1%
100.0%
26.4%
2.9%
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
83.5%
16.5%
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
22.7%
2.5%
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
7.4%
76.5%
16.1%
3.8%
96.2%
100.0%
39.6%
14.4%
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
1.7%
74.5%
23.9%
3.2%
96.7%
0.0%
100.0%
44.2%
25.0%
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
2.6%
73.7%
23.7%
2.2%
96.5%
1.3%
100.0%
51.6%
33.4%
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
2.8%
74.8%
22.4%
2.2%
96.7%
1.0%
100.0%
0.0%
53.2%
38.4%
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
2.9%
77.2%
19.9%
2.2%
96.3%
1.5%
99.7%
0.3%
64.3%
50.0%
0.2%
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
5.1%
77.2%
17.7%
2.4%
93.0%
4.6%
99.7%
0.3%
69.8%
60.2%
3.1%
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
6.5%
75.3%
18.2%
2.1%
92.1%
5.8%
99.7%
0.3%
61.8%
54.3%
1.4%
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
10.1%
75.7%
14.2%
1.7%
91.6%
6.7%
2.0%
97.6%
0.4%
71.8%
60.5%
2.4%
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
17.5%
75.0%
7.5%
1.2%
88.2%
10.7%
7.6%
91.8%
0.6%
82.4%
69.0%
1.5%
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
14.2%
77.7%
8.1%
1.8%
0.8%
86.8%
10.6%
12.2%
87.2%
0.6%
82.7%
83.0%
1.5%
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
13.8%
77.3%
8.9%
1.2%
0.0%
87.4%
11.4%
15.1%
84.1%
0.8%
83.6%
92.6%
0.6%
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
13.8%
79.9%
6.4%
1.6%
88.4%
9.9%
18.3%
80.5%
1.2%
89.2%
95.8%
0.6%
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
13.8%
80.4%
5.8%
1.2%
84.9%
13.9%
23.0%
76.2%
0.9%
91.6%
98.3%
0.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-10
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Truck
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
8452
0.239
27.3
18.4
24.8
21.6
469.5
351.5
412.1
4483
49.2
196
250
8.4
1.300
0.0554
61.6
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
8453
0.281
27.8
18.7
25.2
21.9
460.2
346.0
405.5
4533
49.4
198
254
8.4
1.307
0.0554
63.5
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
8454
0.291
28.2
19.0
25.4
22.2
450.9
342.2
400.2
4482
49.1
191
252
8.3
1.350
0.0556
64.0
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
8455
0.318
28.3
19.1
25.7
22.4
448.9
337.8
397.7
4510
49.4
190
257
8.2
1.401
0.0564
64.6
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
8456
0.317
29.5
19.9
26.0
23.0
432.2
334.8
387.0
4438
49.0
180
252
8.1
1.466
0.0561
66.1
Truck
Pickup
1975
8457
0.131
14.0
11.1
13.1
11.9
758.8
626.7
745.9
4012
306
141
0.491
0.0351
28.8
Truck
Pickup
1976
8458
0.151
14.6
11.7
13.4
12.4
720.1
614.5
714.3
4122
316
139
0.466
0.0339
30.9
Truck
Pickup
1977
8459
0.143
16.0
12.9
14.5
13.6
650.9
566.8
655.5
4092
313
146
0.496
0.0357
33.4
Truck
Pickup
1978
8460
0.157
15.7
12.8
14.1
13.3
654.6
581.9
667.6
4104
306
144
13.4
0.496
0.0350
33.1
Truck
Pickup
1979
8461
0.159
15.5
12.7
13.9
13.2
661.4
590.7
674.3
4142
287
136
14.9
0.502
0.0327
32.9
Truck
Pickup
1980
8462
0.127
19.4
15.5
17.9
16.5
548.2
470.6
540.6
3740
236
118
15.6
0.549
0.0315
36.7
Truck
Pickup
1981
8463
0.136
21.0
16.7
19.5
17.9
509.8
435.2
500.4
3679
237
115
15.6
0.521
0.0313
39.3
Truck
Pickup
1982
8464
0.148
21.7
17.2
20.3
18.5
497.1
420.7
486.4
3629
228
117
16.4
0.545
0.0322
40.1
Truck
Pickup
1983
8465
0.158
22.2
17.5
20.9
18.9
484.4
404.4
473.1
3544
212
112
15.2
0.566
0.0317
40.0
Truck
Pickup
1984
8466
0.146
21.5
16.9
20.2
18.3
501.3
417.1
488.1
3619
215
114
15.1
0.563
0.0314
39.4
Truck
Pickup
1985
8467
0.144
21.4
16.9
20.1
18.2
499.0
418.3
488.9
3642
221
123
14.2
0.588
0.0336
39.6
Truck
Pickup
1986
8468
0.165
22.2
17.5
20.8
18.9
486.9
407.3
471.5
3574
206
120
13.6
0.623
0.0336
40.1
Truck
Pickup
1987
8469
0.144
22.5
17.5
21.2
19.0
486.9
399.9
467.0
3526
202
123
13.5
0.639
0.0347
40.1
Truck
Pickup
1988
8470
0.161
21.5
16.5
20.4
18.1
515.4
418.3
490.0
3737
229
138
13.1
0.627
0.0365
40.5
Truck
Pickup
1989
8471
0.154
21.2
16.2
20.0
17.8
527.2
427.6
499.3
3803
236
143
12.4
0.633
0.0373
40.5
Truck
Pickup
1990
8472
0.145
20.7
15.7
19.7
17.4
541.7
433.8
510.5
3928
247
152
11.3
0.647
0.0384
41.1
Truck
Pickup
1991
8473
0.153
21.7
16.3
20.7
18.2
523.4
415.4
488.8
3779
232
146
11.4
0.658
0.0385
41.4
Truck
Pickup
1992
8474
0.151
20.9
15.5
20.0
17.5
551.1
430.2
508.5
3976
245
151
11.2
0.644
0.0379
41.8
Truck
Pickup
1993
8475
0.152
21.1
15.6
20.2
17.6
550.8
428.6
505.4
3996
244
156
10.4
0.666
0.0390
42.4
Truck
Pickup
1994
8476
0.189
21.0
15.5
19.9
17.4
554.2
433.7
509.5
4056
248
163
10.2
0.687
0.0401
43.0
Truck
Pickup
1995
8477
0.150
20.4
14.9
19.3
16.9
572.2
444.3
526.2
4182
257
167
10.3
0.687
0.0399
43.1
Truck
Pickup
1996
8478
0.149
20.8
15.1
19.7
17.1
567.8
437.2
518.4
4190
251
178
10.5
0.737
0.0422
43.9
Truck
Pickup
1997
8479
0.167
20.4
14.7
19.4
16.8
586.1
447.8
527.9
4415
264
196
10.2
0.756
0.0439
45.3
Truck
Pickup
1998
8480
0.167
20.7
14.8
19.6
17.0
580.8
442.7
522.9
4282
252
190
10.5
0.773
0.0439
44.6
Truck
Pickup
1999
8481
0.167
19.9
14.2
18.6
16.3
610.2
467.7
545.7
4486
267
205
10.3
0.776
0.0453
44.7
Truck
Pickup
2000
8482
0.158
20.5
14.6
18.9
16.7
598.2
462.6
533.7
4340
255
203
9.8
0.803
0.0462
44.4
Truck
Pickup
2001
8483
0.161
19.6
13.9
18.1
16.0
626.4
482.9
557.1
4551
269
216
9.4
0.812
0.0470
44.7
Truck
Pickup
2002
8484
0.148
19.5
13.8
17.8
15.8
635.5
492.7
564.2
4690
271
226
9.4
0.838
0.0480
45.6
Truck
Pickup
2003
8485
0.157
19.9
14.0
18.2
16.1
623.5
481.0
552.8
4642
264
223
9.5
0.847
0.0475
46.3
Truck
Pickup
2004
8486
0.159
19.6
13.7
17.8
15.7
641.7
493.0
564.7
4939
281
249
9.1
0.885
0.0501
48.2
Truck
Pickup
2005
8487
0.145
19.7
13.6
18.1
15.8
645.2
485.6
560.7
4988
284
260
8.8
0.917
0.0520
49.1
Truck
Pickup
2006
8488
0.145
20.1
13.9
18.4
16.1
632.3
477.9
550.7
4968
278
256
8.9
0.925
0.0514
49.8
Truck
Pickup
2007
8489
0.138
20.1
13.8
18.5
16.2
635.9
475.9
549.6
5144
286
269
8.9
0.938
0.0519
51.6
Truck
Pickup
2008
8490
0.129
20.5
14.1
18.9
16.5
623.2
464.7
539.4
5161
63.0
286
276
8.9
0.962
0.0531
53.0
Truck
Pickup
2009
8491
0.106
21.0
14.4
19.5
16.9
610.4
453.0
525.9
5176
62.6
287
278
8.5
0.971
0.0534
54.3
Truck
Pickup
2010
8492
0.115
20.9
14.3
19.4
16.9
614.7
453.6
527.4
5309
63.5
293
289
8.4
0.987
0.0542
55.5
Truck
Pickup
2011
8493
0.123
21.4
14.6
19.9
17.2
601.5
442.7
515.6
5268
63.9
282
304
8.2
1.086
0.0571
56.3
Truck
Pickup
2012
8494
0.101
21.3
14.6
19.9
17.2
604.0
443.4
516.5
5335
64.3
286
317
7.9
1.122
0.0590
56.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-ll
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
12.8%
81.8%
5.4%
1.2%
82.0%
16.8%
27.1%
71.8%
1.1%
88.0%
97.4%
0.6%
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
11.1%
82.4%
6.4%
1.0%
0.3%
76.5%
22.1%
37.7%
61.3%
1.0%
91.4%
98.6%
0.5%
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
11.7%
83.3%
5.1%
0.9%
0.2%
77.3%
21.6%
49.5%
49.9%
0.6%
93.1%
99.4%
1.4%
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
13.3%
81.7%
4.9%
0.6%
0.5%
77.4%
21.5%
49.8%
50.0%
0.2%
94.4%
99.6%
1.8%
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
12.2%
83.1%
4.7%
1.2%
0.5%
79.3%
19.1%
54.6%
44.7%
0.7%
95.3%
97.7%
3.5%
Truck
Pickup
1975
13.5%
86.5%
41.1%
58.9%
100.0%
Truck
Pickup
1976
20.9%
79.1%
38.8%
61.2%
100.0%
Truck
Pickup
1977
21.4%
78.6%
35.9%
64.1%
100.0%
Truck
Pickup
1978
27.0%
73.0%
37.4%
62.6%
98.8%
1.2%
Truck
Pickup
1979
12.6%
87.4%
39.9%
58.8%
1.3%
97.5%
2.5%
Truck
Pickup
1980
1.8%
21.1%
77.1%
58.8%
19.3%
21.9%
94.8%
1.0%
4.2%
Truck
Pickup
1981
2.3%
16.8%
80.8%
57.7%
14.8%
27.5%
92.3%
0.6%
7.1%
Truck
Pickup
1982
2.2%
17.7%
80.1%
53.9%
16.6%
29.5%
89.5%
0.2%
10.3%
Truck
Pickup
1983
1.9%
22.1%
76.1%
56.3%
15.3%
28.0%
0.4%
95.5%
0.1%
4.4%
Truck
Pickup
1984
0.6%
24.7%
74.7%
54.9%
15.9%
29.3%
96.3%
1.0%
2.7%
Truck
Pickup
1985
25.4%
74.6%
51.6%
14.8%
33.7%
82.8%
11.4%
4.5%
1.2%
Truck
Pickup
1986
25.2%
74.8%
58.4%
11.2%
30.4%
60.6%
21.2%
17.6%
0.6%
Truck
Pickup
1987
0.0%
25.5%
74.5%
58.5%
12.7%
28.9%
40.8%
26.9%
32.0%
0.3%
Truck
Pickup
1988
0.0%
28.4%
71.6%
51.0%
10.3%
38.8%
16.1%
35.4%
48.3%
0.2%
Truck
Pickup
1989
28.9%
71.1%
52.4%
6.1%
41.5%
10.0%
38.8%
51.1%
0.2%
Truck
Pickup
1990
27.9%
72.1%
45.8%
4.3%
49.8%
6.0%
52.4%
41.4%
0.2%
Truck
Pickup
1991
24.8%
75.2%
52.2%
1.4%
46.4%
3.2%
47.9%
48.7%
0.2%
Truck
Pickup
1992
26.3%
73.7%
47.1%
0.9%
52.1%
3.2%
58.0%
38.6%
0.1%
Truck
Pickup
1993
0.0%
27.6%
72.4%
43.9%
0.8%
55.3%
2.1%
61.2%
36.7%
Truck
Pickup
1994
29.3%
70.7%
40.0%
1.0%
59.0%
0.8%
69.5%
29.7%
2.2%
Truck
Pickup
1995
33.0%
67.0%
39.6%
0.9%
59.5%
69.5%
30.5%
5.5%
Truck
Pickup
1996
29.3%
70.7%
34.6%
1.4%
64.0%
0.0%
99.8%
0.2%
13.3%
Truck
Pickup
1997
34.7%
65.3%
25.3%
74.7%
99.9%
0.1%
6.7%
Truck
Pickup
1998
34.8%
65.2%
27.3%
1.5%
71.1%
100.0%
0.0%
11.2%
Truck
Pickup
1999
45.3%
54.7%
17.5%
0.9%
81.5%
100.0%
0.0%
7.7%
Truck
Pickup
2000
38.4%
61.6%
16.7%
0.8%
82.5%
100.0%
12.7%
Truck
Pickup
2001
38.7%
61.3%
12.0%
0.8%
87.1%
100.0%
12.8%
Truck
Pickup
2002
42.4%
57.6%
9.5%
0.9%
89.6%
100.0%
17.8%
Truck
Pickup
2003
39.5%
60.5%
10.3%
0.9%
88.8%
100.0%
14.5%
Truck
Pickup
2004
46.3%
53.7%
7.0%
0.9%
92.1%
100.0%
32.4%
18.9%
0.0%
Truck
Pickup
2005
46.7%
53.3%
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
40.9%
39.1%
0.0%
Truck
Pickup
2006
45.8%
54.2%
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
49.0%
47.5%
0.1%
Truck
Pickup
2007
45.4%
54.6%
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
40.0%
40.0%
0.0%
Truck
Pickup
2008
47.5%
52.5%
4.0%
96.0%
100.0%
41.3%
37.8%
Truck
Pickup
2009
50.6%
49.4%
4.1%
95.7%
0.2%
100.0%
42.4%
36.8%
0.2%
Truck
Pickup
2010
57.0%
43.0%
2.4%
97.5%
0.1%
100.0%
59.9%
62.2%
0.1%
Truck
Pickup
2011
60.3%
39.7%
2.1%
97.8%
0.1%
7.6%
92.4%
50.1%
86.1%
0.1%
Truck
Pickup
2012
62.4%
37.6%
1.5%
98.5%
0.1%
10.3%
89.7%
55.7%
94.6%
0.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-12
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Truck
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Truck
Pickup
2013
8495
0.104
21.7
14.8
20.2
17.5
595.9
436.5
508.6
5429
65.3
282
328
7.8
1.186
0.0600
58.9
Truck
Pickup
2014
8496
0.124
22.4
15.3
20.9
18.0
576.7
422.3
492.7
5485
66.2
293
334
7.6
1.158
0.0606
61.7
Truck
Pickup
2015
8497
0.107
23.5
16.0
21.7
18.8
553.2
407.4
473.5
5165
65.3
277
324
7.6
1.207
0.0626
60.9
Truck
Pickup
2016
8498
0.117
23.6
16.1
21.8
18.9
547.9
405.4
470.9
5150
64.5
266
324
7.5
1.266
0.0630
61.1
Truck
Pickup
2017
8499
0.121
23.7
16.1
21.8
18.9
547.8
404.7
470.5
5217
64.8
274
333
7.4
1.258
0.0637
61.8
Truck
Pickup
2018
8500
0.133
24.2
16.5
22.2
19.3
536.6
399.0
462.3
5184
64.7
262
339
7.1
1.361
0.0655
62.9
Truck
All
1975
8501
0.193
13.7
10.9
12.7
11.6
776.8
654.6
763.9
4073
311
142
0.476
0.0349
28.5
Truck
All
1976
8502
0.211
14.4
11.6
13.2
12.2
736.3
632.0
725.6
4155
320
141
0.458
0.0340
30.5
Truck
All
1977
8503
0.199
15.6
12.6
14.2
13.3
669.7
587.3
669.0
4136
318
147
0.482
0.0356
33.0
Truck
All
1978
8504
0.225
15.3
12.4
13.7
12.9
680.3
607.1
686.9
4152
315
146
13.4
0.481
0.0351
32.4
Truck
All
1979
8505
0.221
14.7
12.1
13.1
12.5
696.1
628.1
711.1
4257
299
138
15.0
0.485
0.0325
32.1
Truck
All
1980
8506
0.165
18.6
14.8
17.1
15.8
572.1
492.7
565.4
3869
248
121
15.7
0.528
0.0313
36.3
Truck
All
1981
8507
0.172
20.1
16.0
18.6
17.1
531.4
455.1
522.6
3806
247
119
15.7
0.508
0.0311
38.8
Truck
All
1982
8508
0.195
20.5
16.3
19.0
17.4
524.6
445.8
515.9
3813
244
120
16.6
0.524
0.0317
39.7
Truck
All
1983
8509
0.220
20.8
16.5
19.6
17.7
515.3
430.0
503.9
3773
232
118
15.3
0.542
0.0313
39.9
Truck
All
1984
8510
0.235
20.4
16.1
19.3
17.4
525.6
438.0
512.1
3787
225
118
15.3
0.556
0.0310
39.3
Truck
All
1985
8511
0.248
20.5
16.2
19.3
17.5
523.0
436.3
509.4
3803
225
124
14.7
0.585
0.0326
39.6
Truck
All
1986
8512
0.279
21.4
16.8
20.1
18.2
507.5
422.9
489.1
3741
212
123
13.9
0.619
0.0330
40.4
Truck
All
1987
8513
0.272
21.6
16.8
20.4
18.3
509.4
416.9
486.2
3718
211
131
13.6
0.652
0.0351
40.5
Truck
All
1988
8514
0.291
21.1
16.2
20.1
17.8
527.5
425.9
498.1
3850
228
141
13.3
0.649
0.0365
40.9
Truck
All
1989
8515
0.299
20.9
15.9
19.8
17.6
539.6
434.8
506.5
3932
234
146
12.7
0.653
0.0371
41.3
Truck
All
1990
8516
0.296
20.7
15.6
19.8
17.4
549.3
436.4
511.6
4014
237
151
11.8
0.667
0.0377
41.8
Truck
All
1991
8517
0.304
21.2
15.9
20.2
17.8
542.2
428.3
500.5
3961
229
150
11.8
0.681
0.0379
42.3
Truck
All
1992
8518
0.314
20.8
15.4
19.9
17.3
559.7
436.8
512.4
4078
236
155
11.5
0.682
0.0380
42.6
Truck
All
1993
8519
0.324
21.0
15.5
20.1
17.5
558.6
431.9
507.5
4098
235
160
10.6
0.705
0.0391
43.2
Truck
All
1994
8520
0.381
20.7
15.2
19.6
17.2
568.2
442.1
517.5
4149
241
166
10.4
0.713
0.0401
43.2
Truck
All
1995
8521
0.365
20.5
14.9
19.4
17.0
579.0
445.3
524.2
4201
245
168
10.6
0.712
0.0400
43.3
Truck
All
1996
8522
0.378
20.8
15.0
19.8
17.2
577.7
438.8
518.3
4255
245
179
10.7
0.755
0.0421
44.5
Truck
All
1997
8523
0.399
20.5
14.7
19.4
16.8
590.4
450.5
527.7
4394
251
189
10.5
0.769
0.0428
45.1
Truck
All
1998
8524
0.417
20.8
14.8
19.7
17.1
584.7
441.1
520.7
4317
244
188
10.7
0.794
0.0435
45.1
Truck
All
1999
8525
0.417
20.3
14.5
19.1
16.6
601.8
456.1
534.6
4457
252
199
10.5
0.811
0.0446
45.4
Truck
All
2000
8526
0.412
20.7
14.7
19.3
16.8
595.7
452.5
527.7
4421
245
199
10.1
0.830
0.0448
45.8
Truck
All
2001
8527
0.414
20.3
14.4
18.8
16.5
606.1
462.4
538.2
4543
249
212
9.6
0.873
0.0465
46.3
Truck
All
2002
8528
0.448
20.3
14.3
18.8
16.5
612.1
463.2
539.2
4612
249
223
9.5
0.911
0.0482
47.0
Truck
All
2003
8529
0.461
20.7
14.4
19.1
16.7
606.1
456.1
532.7
4655
248
224
9.4
0.920
0.0481
48.1
Truck
All
2004
8530
0.480
20.5
14.2
18.9
16.5
617.5
460.4
538.3
4783
258
240
9.2
0.946
0.0500
49.0
Truck
All
2005
8531
0.444
21.0
14.4
19.5
16.9
606.8
448.4
526.0
4763
251
242
9.1
0.976
0.0506
50.2
Truck
All
2006
8532
0.421
21.4
14.6
19.7
17.2
593.8
442.0
517.7
4758
247
240
9.1
0.985
0.0503
51.2
Truck
All
2007
8533
0.411
21.6
14.8
20.0
17.4
590.8
437.7
512.3
4871
253
254
9.0
1.020
0.0519
52.8
Truck
All
2008
8534
0.407
22.2
15.1
20.5
17.8
573.9
425.7
499.3
4837
54.0
246
254
9.0
1.046
0.0522
53.9
Truck
All
2009
8535
0.330
23.1
15.7
21.4
18.5
552.9
409.2
479.9
4753
53.8
236
252
8.7
1.089
0.0527
55.1
Truck
All
2010
8536
0.372
23.4
15.9
21.7
18.8
544.0
403.2
473.8
4784
53.8
237
253
8.8
1.087
0.0526
56.3
Truck
All
2011
8537
0.422
23.9
16.2
22.0
19.1
534.9
397.0
465.8
4824
54.4
236
271
8.4
1.171
0.0557
57.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-13
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
Truck
Pickup
2013
63.2%
36.8%
1.2%
98.8%
0.0%
15.3%
84.7%
61.8%
96.5%
0.0%
Truck
Pickup
2014
64.9%
35.1%
0.7%
99.3%
45.0%
55.0%
48.8%
99.3%
Truck
Pickup
2015
66.9%
33.1%
0.9%
99.1%
55.1%
43.1%
1.8%
53.5%
90.4%
Truck
Pickup
2016
67.1%
32.9%
0.7%
99.3%
49.9%
47.9%
2.2%
62.5%
89.6%
0.0%
Truck
Pickup
2017
0.5%
69.7%
29.8%
0.9%
99.1%
50.4%
48.3%
1.3%
58.8%
92.4%
0.1%
Truck
Pickup
2018
0.3%
67.7%
32.0%
0.6%
99.4%
41.0%
56.2%
2.9%
67.5%
89.9%
0.2%
Truck
All
1975
17.2%
82.8%
36.9%
63.1%
99.9%
0.1%
Truck
All
1976
23.0%
77.0%
34.7%
65.3%
99.9%
0.1%
Truck
All
1977
23.8%
76.2%
31.6%
68.4%
99.9%
0.1%
Truck
All
1978
29.1%
70.9%
32.1%
67.9%
99.1%
0.1%
0.8%
Truck
All
1979
18.1%
81.9%
35.1%
62.8%
2.1%
97.9%
0.3%
1.8%
Truck
All
1980
1.4%
25.0%
73.6%
53.0%
22.4%
24.5%
94.9%
1.7%
3.5%
Truck
All
1981
1.9%
20.1%
78.0%
51.6%
17.3%
31.1%
93.3%
1.1%
5.6%
Truck
All
1982
1.7%
20.2%
78.1%
45.9%
20.7%
33.4%
89.9%
0.7%
9.4%
Truck
All
1983
1.4%
26.1%
72.5%
46.3%
17.4%
36.0%
0.3%
94.6%
0.6%
4.8%
Truck
All
1984
5.0%
31.5%
63.5%
42.5%
22.9%
34.6%
0.0%
95.0%
2.0%
0.6%
2.4%
Truck
All
1985
7.3%
31.3%
61.4%
37.6%
21.2%
41.1%
86.5%
8.9%
3.5%
1.1%
Truck
All
1986
5.9%
30.7%
63.4%
43.0%
15.5%
41.5%
59.4%
22.1%
17.8%
0.7%
Truck
All
1987
7.6%
32.2%
60.2%
40.5%
15.7%
43.8%
0.1%
33.6%
33.3%
32.8%
0.3%
Truck
All
1988
9.2%
34.1%
56.7%
35.8%
11.7%
52.5%
12.4%
43.2%
44.3%
0.2%
Truck
All
1989
10.1%
32.8%
57.1%
32.8%
10.8%
56.4%
0.0%
6.5%
45.9%
47.5%
0.2%
Truck
All
1990
15.8%
31.8%
52.4%
28.1%
4.4%
67.5%
0.0%
3.8%
55.0%
40.9%
0.2%
Truck
All
1991
10.3%
37.3%
52.3%
31.5%
1.7%
66.8%
1.7%
55.3%
42.8%
0.1%
Truck
All
1992
14.5%
33.4%
52.1%
27.5%
1.2%
71.3%
1.6%
65.7%
32.6%
0.1%
Truck
All
1993
16.8%
32.7%
50.6%
24.7%
1.1%
74.2%
1.0%
71.5%
27.5%
Truck
All
1994
13.8%
39.2%
47.0%
23.7%
1.0%
75.3%
0.4%
76.2%
23.4%
5.2%
Truck
All
1995
18.4%
42.3%
39.3%
20.7%
0.9%
78.5%
79.4%
20.6%
8.0%
Truck
All
1996
20.9%
39.2%
39.8%
15.6%
1.0%
83.4%
0.0%
99.9%
0.1%
11.2%
Truck
All
1997
14.2%
45.2%
40.6%
14.1%
0.1%
85.8%
100.0%
0.0%
11.1%
Truck
All
1998
19.3%
45.1%
35.5%
13.6%
0.6%
85.8%
100.0%
0.0%
14.8%
Truck
All
1999
17.5%
48.1%
34.4%
9.2%
0.4%
90.4%
100.0%
0.0%
15.7%
3.0%
Truck
All
2000
20.0%
46.3%
33.8%
8.2%
0.3%
91.5%
100.0%
18.6%
4.6%
Truck
All
2001
16.3%
48.8%
34.8%
6.3%
0.3%
93.4%
100.0%
25.9%
9.3%
Truck
All
2002
15.4%
51.6%
33.1%
4.7%
0.3%
94.9%
0.0%
100.0%
32.8%
16.0%
Truck
All
2003
15.4%
50.4%
34.1%
4.6%
0.3%
94.4%
0.6%
100.0%
34.6%
19.7%
Truck
All
2004
12.5%
56.5%
31.0%
3.5%
0.3%
95.6%
0.6%
100.0%
0.0%
46.2%
32.9%
0.0%
Truck
All
2005
20.1%
52.2%
27.7%
2.9%
95.3%
1.8%
99.9%
0.1%
51.1%
41.2%
0.1%
Truck
All
2006
18.9%
53.1%
28.0%
3.3%
93.7%
3.1%
99.9%
0.1%
58.4%
51.5%
1.5%
Truck
All
2007
16.1%
55.5%
28.4%
2.6%
93.8%
3.7%
99.9%
0.1%
53.3%
48.7%
0.8%
Truck
All
2008
18.4%
56.8%
24.8%
2.2%
94.1%
3.6%
1.1%
98.7%
0.2%
59.5%
51.6%
1.3%
Truck
All
2009
21.0%
58.5%
20.5%
2.0%
92.0%
6.0%
4.2%
95.4%
0.3%
66.7%
56.0%
0.9%
Truck
All
2010
20.9%
61.0%
18.0%
1.8%
0.4%
91.9%
5.9%
6.8%
92.9%
0.4%
71.5%
70.5%
0.9%
Truck
All
2011
17.7%
65.0%
17.3%
1.3%
0.0%
91.4%
7.3%
11.3%
88.1%
0.5%
75.2%
90.7%
0.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-14
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Truck
All
2012
8538
0.356
24.1
16.4
22.3
19.3
531.4
392.1
461.4
4809
54.5
234
276
8.3
1.198
0.0569
58.2
Truck
All
2013
8539
0.359
24.8
16.8
22.8
19.8
515.4
381.7
450.1
4824
54.7
228
277
8.2
1.250
0.0569
60.0
Truck
All
2014
8540
0.407
25.5
17.3
23.5
20.3
501.0
370.6
437.4
4790
55.0
227
277
8.1
1.249
0.0572
61.4
Truck
All
2015
8541
0.426
26.5
17.9
24.2
21.1
482.4
359.7
422.8
4680
53.9
218
271
8.2
1.275
0.0573
62.6
Truck
All
2016
8542
0.447
26.8
18.1
24.4
21.2
476.2
357.3
419.6
4656
53.7
212
272
8.1
1.319
0.0577
63.0
Truck
All
2017
8543
0.475
26.9
18.2
24.6
21.4
472.1
352.3
416.3
4689
53.8
212
277
7.9
1.357
0.0585
63.8
Truck
All
2018
8544
0.483
27.8
18.8
24.9
21.8
453.3
349.5
407.7
4647
53.8
204
277
7.8
1.426
0.0588
65.3
All
All
1975
8545
1.000
15.3
12.0
14.6
13.1
688.4
560.5
680.6
4060
293
137
0.507
0.0335
31.6
All
All
1976
8546
1.000
16.7
13.2
15.7
14.2
633.0
524.9
625.0
4079
294
135
0.493
0.0328
34.4
All
All
1977
8547
1.000
17.7
14.0
16.6
15.1
593.3
497.3
590.0
3982
287
136
0.510
0.0339
35.7
All
All
1978
8548
1.000
18.6
14.7
17.5
15.8
563.8
470.0
561.6
3715
266
129
13.6
0.525
0.0344
35.1
All
All
1979
8549
1.000
18.7
14.9
17.4
15.9
561.2
473.8
559.7
3655
252
124
14.6
0.532
0.0335
34.7
All
All
1980
8550
1.000
22.5
17.6
21.5
19.2
481.4
395.2
465.9
3228
198
104
15.6
0.574
0.0320
36.6
All
All
1981
8551
1.000
24.1
18.8
23.0
20.5
450.6
368.9
436.0
3202
193
102
15.6
0.580
0.0318
38.9
All
All
1982
8552
1.000
24.7
19.2
23.9
21.1
440.1
353.5
424.6
3202
188
103
16.6
0.593
0.0320
40.0
All
All
1983
8553
1.000
24.6
19.0
23.9
21.0
439.6
352.5
425.5
3257
193
107
14.9
0.599
0.0327
40.5
All
All
1984
8554
1.000
24.6
19.1
24.0
21.0
440.2
350.9
424.0
3262
190
109
14.7
0.618
0.0332
40.7
All
All
1985
8555
1.000
25.0
19.3
24.4
21.3
434.6
344.7
417.3
3271
189
114
14.1
0.650
0.0347
41.4
All
All
1986
8556
1.000
25.7
19.8
25.0
21.8
427.3
338.5
407.0
3238
180
114
13.4
0.678
0.0351
42.0
All
All
1987
8557
1.000
25.9
19.8
25.3
22.0
428.1
336.4
404.6
3221
175
118
13.4
0.710
0.0362
42.1
All
All
1988
8558
1.000
25.9
19.6
25.2
21.9
430.2
336.2
406.5
3283
180
123
13.3
0.726
0.0372
42.9
All
All
1989
8559
1.000
25.4
19.1
24.8
21.4
443.6
342.6
414.9
3351
185
129
12.5
0.743
0.0382
43.0
All
All
1990
8560
1.000
25.2
18.7
24.6
21.2
453.1
346.5
420.1
3426
185
135
11.5
0.781
0.0394
43.5
All
All
1991
8561
1.000
25.4
18.8
24.7
21.3
452.2
345.1
418.2
3410
184
138
11.4
0.796
0.0402
43.6
All
All
1992
8562
1.000
24.9
18.2
24.4
20.8
465.9
349.5
427.4
3512
191
145
11.0
0.807
0.0413
44.1
All
All
1993
8563
1.000
25.1
18.2
24.4
20.9
465.1
348.0
425.6
3519
191
147
10.3
0.809
0.0416
44.5
All
All
1994
8564
1.000
24.6
17.8
23.8
20.4
476.7
356.1
436.1
3603
197
152
10.1
0.816
0.0420
44.6
All
All
1995
8565
1.000
24.7
17.7
24.1
20.5
477.5
351.1
433.8
3613
196
158
10.1
0.857
0.0438
45.2
All
All
1996
8566
1.000
24.8
17.6
24.0
20.4
483.0
353.5
435.0
3659
197
164
10.4
0.878
0.0447
45.6
All
All
1997
8567
1.000
24.5
17.4
23.6
20.2
489.6
359.0
441.1
3727
199
169
10.2
0.890
0.0452
45.9
All
All
1998
8568
1.000
24.5
17.2
23.6
20.1
494.0
360.1
442.3
3744
199
171
10.4
0.904
0.0457
46.3
All
All
1999
8569
1.000
24.1
16.9
23.0
19.7
505.6
368.5
451.3
3835
203
179
10.3
0.921
0.0465
46.5
All
All
2000
8570
1.000
24.3
16.9
23.0
19.8
505.7
369.6
449.6
3821
200
181
9.8
0.942
0.0472
46.7
All
All
2001
8571
1.000
24.2
16.8
22.8
19.6
506.1
371.4
452.9
3879
201
187
9.5
0.968
0.0480
47.3
All
All
2002
8572
1.000
24.1
16.6
22.5
19.5
511.9
375.9
456.9
3951
203
195
9.4
0.994
0.0493
47.9
All
All
2003
8573
1.000
24.3
16.7
22.7
19.6
510.0
372.8
453.8
3999
204
199
9.3
1.007
0.0496
49.0
All
All
2004
8574
1.000
24.0
16.3
22.4
19.3
519.4
377.0
460.6
4111
212
211
9.1
1.026
0.0511
49.7
All
All
2005
8575
1.000
24.8
16.8
23.1
19.9
503.1
366.9
447.1
4059
205
209
9.0
1.049
0.0512
50.9
All
All
2006
8576
1.000
25.2
17.0
23.4
20.1
498.9
363.0
441.6
4067
204
213
8.9
1.073
0.0522
51.7
All
All
2007
8577
1.000
25.8
17.4
24.0
20.6
482.9
354.0
431.4
4093
203
217
8.9
1.099
0.0525
53.4
All
All
2008
8578
1.000
26.3
17.7
24.4
21.0
474.7
348.5
423.9
4085
48.9
199
219
8.9
1.122
0.0529
54.4
All
All
2009
8579
1.000
28.2
18.9
26.0
22.4
445.7
327.9
396.9
3914
47.9
183
208
8.8
1.156
0.0523
55.9
All
All
2010
8580
1.000
28.4
19.1
26.2
22.6
0.0
0.0
393.7
4001
48.5
188
214
8.8
1.160
0.0527
58.3
All | All | 2011
12018
1.000
28.1
18.8
25.9
22.3
0.0
0.0
399.0
4126
49.5
192
230
8.5
1.217
0.0549
59.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 D-15 March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
Truck
All
2012
20.9%
64.3%
14.8%
1.4%
92.4%
6.2%
13.5%
85.8%
0.7%
80.6%
94.9%
0.4%
Truck
All
2013
18.1%
67.5%
14.5%
1.1%
90.2%
8.7%
18.4%
81.1%
0.5%
83.5%
96.9%
0.4%
Truck
All
2014
17.5%
68.3%
14.2%
0.9%
88.9%
10.2%
29.7%
69.6%
0.6%
76.9%
98.0%
0.4%
Truck
All
2015
16.0%
71.4%
12.6%
0.9%
0.2%
83.6%
15.3%
39.0%
59.9%
1.1%
82.7%
96.7%
0.3%
Truck
All
2016
15.8%
72.0%
12.2%
0.8%
0.2%
84.8%
14.3%
46.2%
52.9%
1.0%
85.7%
96.9%
0.9%
Truck
All
2017
16.1%
72.8%
11.0%
0.7%
0.3%
84.2%
14.8%
46.6%
52.9%
0.5%
85.8%
97.8%
1.2%
Truck
All
2018
14.5%
73.5%
12.1%
0.9%
0.3%
85.6%
13.1%
49.7%
49.0%
1.3%
87.9%
95.7%
2.6%
All
All
1975
5.3%
3.3%
91.4%
23.0%
76.8%
0.2%
95.7%
4.1%
0.0%
0.2%
All
All
1976
4.6%
4.8%
90.6%
20.9%
79.1%
97.3%
2.5%
0.0%
0.2%
All
All
1977
5.5%
4.7%
89.8%
19.8%
80.2%
96.2%
3.4%
0.0%
0.4%
All
All
1978
7.4%
6.6%
86.0%
22.7%
71.9%
5.5%
95.2%
3.9%
0.0%
0.9%
All
All
1979
9.2%
4.3%
86.5%
24.2%
68.1%
7.3%
0.4%
94.2%
3.7%
0.1%
2.0%
All
All
1980
25.0%
4.9%
70.1%
34.6%
46.8%
18.1%
0.5%
89.7%
5.2%
0.8%
4.3%
All
All
1981
31.0%
4.0%
65.0%
33.6%
32.9%
33.0%
0.5%
86.7%
5.1%
2.4%
5.9%
All
All
1982
37.0%
4.6%
58.4%
32.4%
19.4%
47.8%
0.4%
80.6%
5.8%
8.0%
5.6%
All
All
1983
37.0%
8.1%
54.8%
30.5%
17.0%
52.1%
0.4%
75.2%
7.3%
14.8%
2.7%
All
All
1984
42.1%
8.2%
49.8%
28.4%
18.8%
52.8%
0.0%
67.6%
11.9%
18.7%
1.8%
All
All
1985
47.8%
9.3%
42.9%
26.5%
19.1%
54.5%
56.1%
18.2%
24.8%
0.9%
All
All
1986
52.6%
9.3%
38.0%
29.8%
16.7%
53.5%
41.4%
32.5%
25.7%
0.4%
All
All
1987
57.7%
9.6%
32.8%
29.1%
15.5%
55.4%
0.0%
28.4%
39.9%
31.4%
0.3%
All
All
1988
60.0%
10.5%
29.5%
27.6%
10.2%
62.2%
15.0%
50.6%
34.3%
0.1%
All
All
1989
60.2%
10.5%
29.3%
24.6%
9.9%
65.5%
0.1%
0.0%
8.7%
57.3%
33.9%
0.1%
All
All
1990
63.8%
10.1%
26.1%
22.2%
6.5%
71.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2.1%
70.8%
27.0%
0.1%
0.4%
All
All
1991
59.6%
12.3%
28.1%
23.9%
4.5%
71.6%
0.0%
0.6%
70.6%
28.7%
0.1%
1.7%
All
All
1992
58.4%
11.2%
30.4%
20.7%
4.5%
74.8%
0.0%
0.5%
81.6%
17.8%
0.1%
3.0%
All
All
1993
59.9%
11.3%
28.8%
19.8%
3.7%
76.5%
0.0%
0.3%
85.0%
14.6%
3.0%
All
All
1994
55.6%
15.2%
29.2%
19.5%
3.0%
77.6%
0.1%
87.7%
12.1%
0.0%
26.7%
4.8%
All
All
1995
57.6%
16.2%
26.3%
17.9%
1.4%
80.7%
91.6%
8.4%
0.0%
35.6%
6.1%
All
All
1996
60.0%
15.7%
24.3%
15.2%
1.3%
83.5%
0.0%
0.0%
99.3%
0.7%
0.1%
39.3%
7.0%
All
All
1997
56.1%
19.0%
24.9%
14.0%
0.5%
85.5%
0.0%
99.5%
0.5%
0.1%
39.6%
6.5%
All
All
1998
56.4%
20.1%
23.5%
12.8%
0.5%
86.7%
0.0%
99.8%
0.1%
0.1%
40.9%
10.1%
All
All
1999
55.8%
21.3%
22.9%
10.1%
0.5%
89.4%
0.0%
99.9%
0.1%
0.1%
43.4%
10.8%
All
All
2000
55.5%
20.2%
24.3%
9.7%
0.7%
89.5%
0.0%
99.8%
0.0%
0.1%
44.8%
15.0%
0.0%
All
All
2001
53.8%
22.0%
24.2%
9.0%
0.6%
90.3%
0.1%
99.9%
0.1%
49.0%
19.6%
0.1%
All
All
2002
52.7%
25.0%
22.3%
8.2%
0.3%
91.4%
0.2%
99.8%
0.2%
53.3%
25.3%
0.2%
All
All
2003
50.7%
25.0%
24.3%
8.0%
0.1%
90.8%
1.1%
99.8%
0.2%
55.5%
30.6%
0.3%
All
All
2004
47.7%
29.8%
22.4%
6.8%
0.3%
91.8%
1.2%
99.9%
0.1%
62.3%
38.5%
0.5%
All
All
2005
53.0%
26.8%
20.2%
6.2%
0.1%
91.5%
2.3%
99.7%
0.3%
65.6%
45.8%
1.1%
All
All
2006
51.9%
25.8%
22.3%
6.5%
0.0%
90.6%
2.8%
99.6%
0.4%
71.7%
55.4%
1.5%
All
All
2007
54.3%
26.1%
19.6%
5.6%
0.0%
87.1%
7.2%
0.2%
99.8%
0.1%
71.7%
57.3%
2.2%
All
All
2008
54.2%
27.3%
18.5%
5.2%
0.2%
86.8%
7.9%
2.3%
97.6%
0.1%
76.4%
58.2%
2.5%
All
All
2009
62.9%
23.5%
13.6%
4.8%
0.2%
85.6%
9.4%
4.2%
95.2%
0.5%
83.8%
71.5%
2.3%
All
All
2010
59.6%
26.7%
13.7%
3.8%
1.2%
84.1%
11.0%
8.3%
91.0%
0.7%
85.5%
83.8%
3.8%
All | All | 2011
53.8% | 32.4% | 13.8% | 3.2% | 0.3% | 86.5% | 10.0% | | | 15.4% | 83.8% | | 0.8% | 86.4% | 93.1% | 2.2% | | |
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 D-16 March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Truck
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
All
All
2012
13449
1.000
29.9
19.9
27.3
23.6
0.0
0.0
377.4
3979
48.8
180
222
8.5
1.248
0.0548
61.0
All
All
2013
15198
1.000
30.7
20.5
28.0
24.2
0.0
0.0
367.5
4003
49.1
176
226
8.4
1.310
0.0554
63.7
All
All
2014
15512
1.000
30.7
20.4
27.9
24.1
0.0
0.0
368.7
4060
49.7
180
230
8.3
1.310
0.0557
64.1
All
All
2015
16739
1.000
31.4
20.9
28.5
24.6
0.0
0.0
360.5
4035
49.4
177
229
8.3
1.321
0.0557
65.7
All
All
2016
16267
1.000
31.6
21.0
28.5
24.7
0.0
0.0
359.3
4035
49.5
173
230
8.3
1.361
0.0560
66.1
All
All
2017
17011
1.000
31.7
21.1
28.7
24.9
0.0
0.0
356.7
4093
49.8
173
233
8.2
1.390
0.0559
68.4
All
All
2018
-
1.000
32.7
21.8
28.9
25.4
0.0
0.0
348.3
4094
50.0
169
237
8.0
1.456
0.0568
73.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-17
March 2019
-------
¦SEPA
Env«>o«>moniBi Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table D: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Midsize
Large
All
All
2012
61.4%
27.7%
10.9%
3.6%
1.1%
83.4%
11.9%
22.5%
76.5%
0.9%
91.8%
96.6%
3.4%
All
All
2013
59.7%
29.1%
11.1%
3.5%
1.4%
80.4%
14.7%
30.5%
68.3%
0.9%
92.8%
97.4%
3.9%
All
All
2014
55.3%
32.6%
12.1%
2.8%
1.6%
76.7%
19.0%
37.4%
61.3%
1.0%
89.2%
97.6%
3.0%
All
All
2015
52.9%
36.1%
10.9%
2.6%
1.4%
72.3%
23.7%
41.9%
56.7%
0.9%
91.2%
97.2%
2.7%
All
All
2016
51.2%
38.3%
10.5%
2.2%
2.6%
72.4%
22.8%
48.0%
51.0%
0.5%
92.3%
98.0%
2.2%
All
All
2017
49.6%
40.8%
9.6%
2.1%
2.6%
71.5%
23.8%
49.7%
49.4%
0.3%
91.9%
98.1%
3.1%
All
All
2018
46.4%
42.1%
11.5%
2.5%
3.5%
71.8%
22.2%
50.7%
46.6%
0.9%
91.7%
95.7%
4.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
D-18
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1975
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1976
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1977
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1978
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1979
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1980
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1981
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1982
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1983
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1984
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1985
37
0.003
57.4
46.7
51.5
48.8
190.0
171.9
182.3
82.6
61
48
17.6
0.787
0.0274
42.8
4037
3533
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1986
81
0.005
55.9
45.4
49.4
47.1
192.6
176.5
188.5
84.6
61
46
17.8
0.759
0.0264
42.0
4053
3547
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1987
38
0.003
56.8
45.4
50.5
47.6
194.3
175.1
186.6
84.4
61
46
17.3
0.756
0.0264
42.0
4045
3539
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1988
55
0.004
51.6
41.2
45.1
43.0
212.0
193.3
206.8
84.6
61
47
18.3
0.766
0.0267
38.3
3698
3236
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1989
25
0.002
59.4
46.9
51.4
49.0
189.4
172.7
181.3
90.9
61
49
16.2
0.806
0.0281
42.9
4457
3900
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1990
4
0.000
65.3
50.7
56.7
53.4
175.4
156.9
166.3
89.1
61
49
15.2
0.803
0.0280
46.7
4760
4165
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1991
4
0.000
65.3
50.2
56.3
53.0
177.1
158.0
167.6
89.1
61
55
14.1
0.902
0.0314
46.4
4725
4134
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1992
8
0.001
65.3
49.6
56.0
52.6
179.0
158.7
168.8
89.1
61
55
13.8
0.902
0.0314
46.1
4690
4104
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1993
10
0.001
65.3
49.1
55.6
52.2
180.9
159.7
170.1
89.1
61
55
13.0
0.902
0.0314
45.7
4655
4074
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1994
8
0.001
65.8
49.3
55.3
52.2
180.2
160.8
170.2
89.1
61
55
12.9
0.902
0.0314
45.7
4653
4071
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1995
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1996
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1997
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1998
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1999
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2000
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2001
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2002
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2003
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2004
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2005
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2006
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2007
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2008
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2009
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2010
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2011
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2012
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2013
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2014
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2015
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2016
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2017
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-l
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1975
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1976
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1977
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1978
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1979
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1980
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1981
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1982
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1983
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1984
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1985
90.1%
9.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1986
64.7%
35.3%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1987
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1988
59.5%
40.5%
97.2%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1989
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1990
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1991
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1992
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1993
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1994
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1995
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1996
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1997
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1998
Sedan/Wagon
1750
1999
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2000
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2001
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2002
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2003
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2004
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2005
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2006
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2007
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2008
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2009
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2010
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2011
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2012
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2013
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2014
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2015
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2016
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2017
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-2
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2018
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1975
105
0.010
31.4
24.5
30.1
26.7
361.7
292.5
332.3
83
54
0.655
0.0272
26.9
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1976
154
0.012
32.6
25.5
31.0
27.8
344.9
283.7
320.2
84
56
0.670
0.0279
28.0
92.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1977
157
0.011
36.0
28.2
34.3
30.7
306.5
253.8
289.9
73.7
84
61
0.739
0.0307
31.4
2307
2307
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1978
270
0.019
34.9
27.8
32.5
29.7
316.2
270.4
298.9
80.3
90
62
14.3
0.695
0.0312
30.0
2423
2423
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1979
234
0.017
32.0
25.4
29.9
27.2
347.1
293.8
326.2
80.1
88
62
16.4
0.712
0.0312
27.5
2208
2208
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1980
280
0.025
33.0
26.1
30.9
28.0
335.8
284.6
316.9
85.7
90
63
16.7
0.696
0.0314
28.4
2434
2434
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1981
209
0.020
38.4
30.8
35.0
32.6
285.8
249.7
272.7
86.7
86
64
15.9
0.744
0.0321
33.0
2857
2857
82.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1982
157
0.016
40.3
32.3
36.9
34.2
272.5
237.5
259.5
87.3
86
62
17.5
0.715
0.0308
34.6
3022
3022
85.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1983
94
0.009
43.6
34.9
40.2
37.1
252.9
219.2
239.6
86.0
84
62
16.1
0.728
0.0308
37.4
3216
3216
91.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1984
92
0.007
44.3
35.4
40.8
37.7
246.6
214.9
235.8
73.5
86
67
14.9
0.776
0.0335
38.2
2802
2802
98.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1985
62
0.004
44.4
35.5
40.9
37.7
243.3
213.2
235.5
60.2
89
70
14.4
0.782
0.0348
38.7
2343
2343
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1986
58
0.004
36.6
28.4
34.9
31.0
292.1
242.0
286.4
72.3
76
56
16.0
0.750
0.0281
33.0
2253
2253
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1987
106
0.007
40.0
31.7
36.2
33.6
268.0
236.8
264.3
79.9
70
55
17.1
0.799
0.0276
35.0
2737
2737
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1988
186
0.012
43.6
34.8
38.3
36.4
250.8
227.8
244.3
91.0
77
59
16.0
0.770
0.0293
37.0
3343
3343
93.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1989
135
0.009
43.5
34.7
37.6
36.1
250.7
231.2
246.5
92.4
76
59
16.1
0.782
0.0294
36.8
3360
3360
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1990
71
0.006
47.5
36.8
42.2
39.2
238.4
209.2
226.6
92.7
72
58
14.7
0.813
0.0290
39.6
3670
3670
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1991
142
0.011
47.1
36.2
41.4
38.6
241.9
211.7
230.1
88.8
67
58
15.3
0.866
0.0288
39.1
3478
3478
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1992
120
0.010
47.3
36.2
41.2
38.5
243.0
213.2
230.6
88.8
64
56
15.5
0.886
0.0282
39.0
3465
3465
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1993
111
0.008
48.6
36.7
42.3
39.4
238.6
207.9
225.8
91.1
67
58
13.8
0.870
0.0291
39.8
3629
3629
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1994
97
0.007
48.9
36.9
41.9
39.3
237.4
209.8
226.1
91.9
62
56
14.5
0.902
0.0281
39.8
3661
3661
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1995
33
0.002
53.7
39.7
46.0
42.8
223.4
192.8
207.9
99.9
63
57
13.9
0.900
0.0284
42.8
4278
4278
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1996
37
0.003
52.3
38.6
44.4
41.4
229.3
199.6
214.5
100.0
72
60
14.0
0.846
0.0298
41.6
4157
4157
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1997
13
0.001
54.4
39.5
46.1
42.8
224.9
192.6
207.8
90.5
61
55
14.8
0.902
0.0275
42.8
3871
3871
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1998
12
0.001
53.6
38.1
46.1
42.0
233.3
192.7
211.7
89.7
60
55
15.3
0.917
0.0275
42.0
3765
3765
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1999
8
0.001
50.3
35.4
43.5
39.3
251.2
204.1
225.9
88.0
61
55
15.2
0.902
0.0275
39.3
3461
3461
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2000
11
0.001
61.6
42.7
51.6
47.1
201.1
166.2
188.6
68.1
61
61
12.7
1.005
0.0306
48.8
3153
3153
52.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2001
2
0.000
75.6
50.8
61.8
56.3
174.8
143.9
157.7
50.0
61
67
11.0
1.098
0.0335
56.3
2817
2817
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2002
1
0.000
75.3
50.2
60.7
55.6
177.1
146.3
160.0
50.0
61
67
11.0
1.098
0.0335
55.6
2778
2778
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2003
0
0.000
75.1
49.4
60.3
55.0
180.0
147.3
161.7
50.0
61
67
11.0
1.098
0.0335
55.0
2749
2749
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2004
0
0.000
73.8
48.6
57.9
53.5
182.9
153.4
166.2
50.0
61
67
11.0
1.098
0.0335
53.5
2673
2673
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2005
0
0.000
74.3
48.3
57.7
53.3
183.9
154.0
166.9
50.0
61
73
11.2
1.197
0.0365
53.3
2663
2663
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2006
0
0.000
73.8
47.9
57.6
53.0
185.5
154.4
167.8
50.0
61
73
11.0
1.197
0.0365
53.0
2649
2649
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2007
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2008
22
0.002
49.5
33.4
40.5
37.1
265.8
219.3
239.3
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.2
1.148
0.0350
37.1
1857
1857
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2009
14
0.002
49.5
33.4
40.5
37.1
265.8
219.3
239.3
26.8
50.0
61
70
12.9
1.148
0.0350
37.1
1857
1857
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2010
3
0.000
49.1
33.3
40.0
36.8
266.9
222.0
241.3
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
36.8
1841
1841
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2011
4
0.000
53.2
36.1
41.2
38.8
0.0
0.0
214.0
26.8
50.0
61
66
13.2
1.148
0.0329
42.6
2131
2131
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2012
5
0.000
49.5
33.8
37.7
35.9
262.7
235.8
247.4
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
35.9
1796
1796
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2013
13
0.001
49.8
34.1
37.9
36.2
260.7
234.6
245.8
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
36.2
1808
1808
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2014
5
0.000
49.7
34.0
37.9
36.1
261.1
234.8
246.1
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
36.1
1806
1806
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2015
8
0.000
49.7
34.0
37.8
36.1
261.1
235.2
246.3
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
36.1
1804
1804
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2016
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-3
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
1750
2018
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1975
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1976
7.5%
89.7%
10.3%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1977
87.0%
13.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1978
93.4%
6.6%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1979
78.8%
10.3%
10.8%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1980
68.5%
16.1%
CO
o
7.4%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1981
17.3%
90.6%
9.4%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1982
14.9%
88.3%
4.5%
2.5%
4.7%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1983
8.1%
93.4%
6.6%
91.9%
8.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1984
1.3%
96.7%
3.1%
0.2%
98.7%
1.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1985
94.7%
5.3%
88.1%
11.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1986
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1987
80.5%
19.5%
93.7%
6.3%
26.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1988
6.1%
99.0%
1.0%
86.0%
14.0%
0.0%
17.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1989
65.0%
35.0%
42.8%
37.9%
19.3%
8.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1990
89.8%
10.2%
2.6%
50.5%
46.9%
3.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1991
68.4%
31.6%
1.7%
29.1%
69.2%
1.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1992
53.4%
46.6%
0.4%
13.0%
86.6%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1993
76.2%
23.8%
28.7%
71.3%
1.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1994
52.3%
47.7%
1.5%
98.5%
1.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1995
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1996
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1997
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1998
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
1999
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2000
47.6%
100.0%
52.4%
47.6%
52.4%
52.4%
52.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2007
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2011
100.0%
100.0%
85.8%
85.8%
85.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2016
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-4
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2017
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2018
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1975
375
0.037
28.3
21.6
28.4
24.2
408.0
310.5
367.5
89
66
0.749
0.0294
27.4
46.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1976
570
0.046
29.6
23.2
28.2
25.2
379.0
312.1
352.3
91
67
0.736
0.0296
28.6
37.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1977
851
0.060
32.1
25.0
30.8
27.3
348.6
284.8
325.8
85.5
90
68
0.762
0.0303
31.3
2385
2683
43.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1978
887
0.061
31.9
25.2
29.9
27.1
344.5
292.5
328.8
85.6
89
67
15.0
0.758
0.0298
31.3
2394
2694
41.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1979
699
0.050
31.4
24.7
29.6
26.7
356.3
298.4
334.6
88.0
88
66
16.8
0.745
0.0291
30.5
2394
2694
44.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1980
1162
0.103
32.4
25.6
30.4
27.5
345.5
292.1
325.8
89.6
92
67
16.9
0.722
0.0296
31.6
2515
2830
57.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1981
1191
0.113
34.4
27.2
32.4
29.3
327.2
273.7
306.3
91.3
96
68
16.6
0.710
0.0302
33.5
2713
3052
69.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1982
884
0.091
35.6
28.2
33.3
30.3
314.4
265.1
295.0
92.5
94
66
18.0
0.703
0.0294
34.5
2833
3187
79.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1983
985
0.096
36.2
28.6
34.1
30.8
308.2
258.0
288.8
96.4
95
67
16.4
0.709
0.0298
35.1
3003
3379
93.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1984
899
0.064
37.1
29.3
34.8
31.5
300.6
252.0
282.5
97.2
94
68
16.1
0.721
0.0303
36.0
3113
3502
91.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1985
840
0.058
37.5
29.8
34.9
31.9
294.7
250.9
278.5
96.9
94
70
15.6
0.748
0.0312
36.3
3130
3521
97.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1986
745
0.048
38.5
30.6
35.2
32.5
287.4
249.1
273.1
93.1
93
68
15.2
0.737
0.0304
37.0
3068
3452
96.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1987
461
0.031
39.0
30.9
35.3
32.8
285.3
249.7
271.0
89.7
91
69
15.3
0.766
0.0308
37.2
2972
3344
96.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1988
401
0.026
38.9
30.6
35.1
32.6
287.8
250.9
272.7
91.7
90
73
14.9
0.808
0.0325
37.0
3015
3392
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1989
280
0.019
38.7
30.2
34.8
32.3
291.4
253.0
275.4
93.4
89
78
13.8
0.876
0.0347
36.6
3043
3424
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1990
97
0.008
39.6
30.9
35.0
32.8
283.7
250.7
271.3
87.6
86
77
13.1
0.891
0.0341
37.3
2858
3216
95.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1991
129
0.010
38.1
29.3
33.9
31.4
297.2
257.6
283.3
90.3
88
81
12.7
0.921
0.0360
36.0
2838
3193
95.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1992
146
0.012
39.7
30.1
35.4
32.5
287.4
244.8
273.1
93.2
89
82
12.2
0.924
0.0365
37.5
3110
3498
99.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1993
136
0.010
38.7
29.2
34.3
31.6
299.6
255.0
281.6
94.4
88
81
11.6
0.921
0.0362
36.1
3026
3404
98.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1994
117
0.008
39.6
29.4
35.3
32.1
298.3
249.1
276.4
95.5
86
76
12.1
0.885
0.0340
36.6
3107
3495
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1995
161
0.011
40.4
30.0
35.6
32.6
293.9
247.7
272.3
95.8
84
76
12.8
0.903
0.0339
37.0
3152
3546
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1996
135
0.010
38.9
28.7
34.1
31.3
309.1
259.2
284.2
95.7
90
78
13.3
0.869
0.0349
35.3
3001
3376
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1997
87
0.006
39.3
28.7
34.4
31.4
308.6
256.0
282.8
92.1
81
73
13.8
0.891
0.0322
35.6
2916
3281
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1998
26
0.002
39.0
28.4
33.7
31.0
310.5
262.4
286.8
89.8
80
80
13.4
1.002
0.0356
35.1
2801
3152
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1999
23
0.002
38.6
27.8
33.4
30.6
317.9
264.5
290.7
88.1
81
81
13.3
1.003
0.0359
34.6
2706
3044
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2000
43
0.003
39.6
28.2
34.3
31.2
314.2
257.5
285.1
92.3
83
89
11.9
1.063
0.0395
35.3
2907
3270
40.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2001
24
0.002
39.3
27.9
33.6
30.8
312.3
260.3
288.9
86.6
80
81
12.5
1.015
0.0361
35.2
2673
3007
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2002
3
0.000
51.5
35.9
42.4
39.2
235.5
205.1
226.5
77.9
78
88
10.2
1.125
0.0393
45.7
2969
3341
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2003
2
0.000
50.8
35.0
41.8
38.5
244.7
209.3
230.9
82.9
81
93
10.0
1.136
0.0414
44.4
3114
3504
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2004
0
0.000
64.5
44.5
48.8
46.8
197.8
181.4
189.8
53.2
63
68
11.1
1.073
0.0301
53.0
2468
2777
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2005
5
0.000
34.1
23.6
29.0
26.4
355.1
291.0
336.9
65.4
101
157
7.5
1.520
0.0698
31.4
1924
2165
37.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2006
2
0.000
34.3
23.4
29.6
26.6
344.4
283.1
334.2
50.0
100
166
7.2
1.615
0.0739
32.3
1434
1613
20.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2007
1
0.000
29.9
20.3
26.6
23.5
436.9
333.6
378.1
50.0
110
232
5.5
2.110
0.1031
26.4
1175
1322
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2008
0
0.000
29.9
20.4
26.7
23.5
436.0
333.4
377.6
36.7
50.0
110
229
5.6
2.082
0.1018
26.5
1177
1324
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2009
1
0.000
30.0
20.4
26.7
23.6
435.2
333.0
377.1
48.4
50.0
110
225
5.5
2.045
0.1000
26.5
1179
1326
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2010
0
0.000
29.8
20.3
26.6
23.4
438.4
334.0
379.0
49.4
50.0
110
237
5.4
2.157
0.1054
26.4
1173
1319
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2011
0
0.000
29.9
20.3
26.4
23.4
437.0
337.2
380.3
36.7
50.0
110
231
5.5
2.103
0.1028
26.3
1169
1315
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2012
10
0.001
52.3
36.0
37.4
36.8
246.9
237.6
241.6
31.6
77.4
81
94
10.6
1.159
0.0418
41.4
2847
3202
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2013
4
0.000
60.7
42.2
42.8
42.6
0.0
0.0
190.8
30.6
71.6
81
90
10.8
1.159
0.0399
57.2
3338
3755
79.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2014
26
0.002
56.7
37.8
43.4
40.8
0.0
0.0
211.2
36.1
96.5
74
76
12.3
1.032
0.0338
49.4
4005
4506
92.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2015
38
0.002
56.2
37.3
43.3
40.5
0.0
0.0
215.3
36.9
100.4
73
74
12.5
1.018
0.0330
47.8
4100
4613
95.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-5
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2017
Sedan/Wagon
2000
2018
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1975
53.9%
88.0%
9.7%
2.3%
77.4%
22.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1976
62.5%
72.2%
27.8%
94.3%
5.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1977
57.0%
78.9%
21.1%
83.7%
14.4%
1.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1978
58.4%
77.5%
19.4%
3.1%
79.2%
16.7%
4.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1979
55.2%
82.5%
13.0%
1.0%
3.5%
79.0%
15.6%
5.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1980
42.1%
76.5%
19.3%
0.7%
3.4%
75.7%
14.9%
9.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1981
30.2%
78.4%
12.3%
5.0%
4.3%
84.3%
6.5%
9.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1982
20.2%
71.6%
18.3%
6.8%
3.3%
89.6%
5.7%
4.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1983
1.6%
5.2%
70.6%
17.1%
10.2%
2.0%
78.5%
CO
o
12.1%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1984
8.9%
71.8%
14.7%
13.5%
0.0%
74.1%
6.8%
16.5%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1985
0.3%
2.5%
65.3%
13.0%
21.6%
89.7%
1.6%
CO
CT1
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1986
3.7%
65.5%
14.5%
20.1%
85.9%
7.7%
6.3%
0.0%
5.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1987
3.7%
70.5%
15.3%
14.1%
86.8%
9.9%
3.4%
49.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1988
69.9%
12.1%
18.0%
62.5%
9.4%
28.1%
48.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1989
63.5%
17.0%
15.0%
4.5%
66.9%
5.1%
28.0%
63.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1990
4.6%
70.3%
23.6%
3.6%
2.5%
40.4%
39.4%
20.3%
66.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1991
4.3%
69.6%
5.7%
22.3%
2.4%
0.9%
80.3%
18.8%
86.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1992
0.2%
80.0%
7.3%
12.5%
0.2%
0.2%
97.8%
2.0%
77.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1993
1.4%
76.0%
10.2%
13.3%
0.5%
98.2%
1.8%
87.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1994
79.9%
3.5%
16.6%
96.5%
3.5%
62.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1995
48.7%
23.6%
27.7%
69.9%
30.1%
37.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1996
29.5%
37.6%
32.8%
63.1%
36.9%
43.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1997
39.1%
56.5%
4.4%
38.2%
61.8%
17.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1998
22.8%
77.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
1999
23.5%
76.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2000
59.4%
39.3%
60.7%
100.0%
100.0%
33.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2001
15.3%
78.4%
6.2%
100.0%
34.4%
16.5%
6.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2002
54.4%
45.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
45.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2003
65.3%
34.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
34.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2004
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
93.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2005
63.0%
93.7%
6.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
6.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2006
80.0%
80.0%
20.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
20.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2013
21.0%
21.0%
79.0%
79.0%
79.0%
79.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2014
7.9%
15.7%
7.9%
76.4%
92.1%
92.1%
92.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2015
5.0%
CO
CO
5.0%
86.2%
95.0%
95.0%
95.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-6
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2016
1
0.000
152.8
121.7
93.2
103.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
26.8
50.0
47
11.5
0.0209
116.6
5183
5830
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2017
18
0.001
55.7
37.3
44.8
41.3
238.0
198.1
215.4
37.5
103.3
73
78
12.2
1.071
0.0347
46.4
4264
4797
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2018
0.001
55.3
36.5
42.7
39.8
243.4
208.1
223.4
37.5
103.3
73
78
12.2
1.071
0.0347
44.8
4112
4625
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1975
406
0.040
24.4
18.8
23.8
20.8
469.1
369.4
427.6
95
73
0.774
0.0292
26.1
36.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1976
349
0.028
26.2
20.2
25.8
22.4
433.9
340.8
396.8
97
73
0.755
0.0294
28.3
18.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1977
465
0.033
29.3
23.0
27.9
24.9
384.2
315.9
356.7
90.3
98
75
0.764
0.0299
31.5
2278
2847
20.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1978
782
0.054
27.9
22.1
26.2
23.8
397.1
335.5
373.7
91.6
101
74
15.1
0.734
0.0297
30.0
2197
2746
34.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1979
1078
0.078
27.9
22.2
25.8
23.7
398.1
340.9
374.9
90.6
101
72
17.0
0.710
0.0287
29.8
2163
2703
43.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1980
1172
0.104
28.0
22.3
26.0
23.8
397.3
339.1
374.3
92.3
104
71
17.5
0.680
0.0283
30.0
2218
2772
47.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1981
1532
0.145
29.4
23.2
27.6
25.0
381.5
318.7
356.7
94.8
108
76
16.6
0.711
0.0305
31.5
2398
2997
53.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1982
1443
0.148
31.2
24.4
29.7
26.6
362.0
295.7
335.6
91.5
106
72
18.2
0.683
0.0289
33.6
2469
3086
69.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1983
1240
0.120
32.2
25.3
30.5
27.4
347.4
287.6
324.7
94.8
107
75
16.3
0.705
0.0300
34.6
2643
3303
68.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1984
1529
0.109
32.7
25.6
31.2
27.8
344.9
282.4
320.0
96.3
107
78
15.9
0.726
0.0312
35.2
2721
3401
75.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1985
1699
0.118
32.8
25.6
31.5
28.0
344.0
279.4
318.5
98.0
109
83
15.0
0.760
0.0330
35.4
2789
3486
77.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1986
1622
0.106
33.7
26.3
31.8
28.6
335.8
277.0
311.5
100.0
106
80
14.6
0.759
0.0321
36.0
2882
3602
94.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1987
1975
0.133
33.4
26.0
31.3
28.2
339.7
281.1
315.0
98.9
104
78
15.2
0.749
0.0311
35.5
2810
3513
97.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1988
1802
0.118
34.1
26.5
31.5
28.7
333.3
279.8
310.2
99.5
100
79
15.3
0.785
0.0314
36.0
2869
3586
99.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1989
1335
0.092
34.4
26.4
31.8
28.7
335.2
277.1
309.4
98.0
99
85
13.9
0.865
0.0339
36.1
2830
3537
97.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1990
942
0.075
35.1
26.9
32.1
29.2
328.5
274.9
304.5
94.0
97
89
12.5
0.920
0.0356
36.7
2768
3460
94.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1991
748
0.059
35.8
27.2
32.7
29.6
325.3
269.8
300.0
94.2
96
91
12.3
0.957
0.0365
37.2
2820
3524
94.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1992
525
0.043
35.9
26.8
33.1
29.6
328.6
265.7
300.4
94.1
97
94
11.9
0.980
0.0376
37.3
2818
3522
94.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1993
517
0.039
36.5
26.9
33.9
30.0
326.6
260.2
295.9
93.9
99
94
11.0
0.956
0.0374
37.8
2846
3557
95.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1994
424
0.030
36.0
26.3
33.5
29.5
333.8
262.0
301.4
94.4
100
92
11.3
0.930
0.0366
37.3
2828
3535
95.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1995
484
0.032
37.5
27.0
35.1
30.6
326.2
251.4
290.3
94.1
100
99
11.1
0.991
0.0396
38.5
2909
3637
95.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1996
329
0.025
37.4
26.6
34.9
30.4
330.9
252.6
292.7
95.3
103
102
11.2
0.999
0.0407
38.2
2933
3666
94.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1997
329
0.023
37.0
26.2
34.2
29.9
335.8
257.5
297.2
94.8
101
98
11.5
0.976
0.0393
37.6
2873
3592
94.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1998
207
0.014
37.3
26.0
34.9
30.1
340.6
253.9
295.7
99.6
104
97
11.8
0.948
0.0390
37.7
3003
3754
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1999
253
0.017
35.9
24.9
33.3
28.8
354.8
264.7
308.4
93.1
105
103
11.4
0.983
0.0411
36.2
2722
3403
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2000
166
0.010
36.7
25.4
33.7
29.3
347.6
261.7
303.1
95.2
103
107
10.6
1.049
0.0428
36.9
2836
3544
88.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2001
214
0.014
36.2
25.0
32.6
28.7
352.2
270.5
309.9
99.8
100
102
10.8
1.032
0.0408
36.1
2890
3612
96.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2002
149
0.009
37.3
25.3
34.2
29.6
350.0
258.7
300.7
100.1
106
102
10.9
0.968
0.0406
37.1
2976
3719
96.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2003
39
0.002
40.8
28.0
35.3
31.6
315.6
250.5
280.8
93.6
94
112
10.4
1.185
0.0448
39.8
3018
3772
86.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2004
7
0.000
40.8
27.8
35.1
31.5
317.9
251.8
282.4
92.6
94
113
10.3
1.197
0.0450
39.6
2975
3719
84.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2005
10
0.001
41.1
27.8
35.1
31.5
318.8
252.3
281.9
95.7
93
111
10.5
1.193
0.0443
39.5
3052
3815
90.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2006
3
0.000
41.6
28.6
34.3
31.6
310.3
258.9
281.0
97.4
91
106
10.7
1.165
0.0424
39.5
3079
3849
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2007
159
0.010
42.4
28.9
35.3
32.2
307.3
252.0
275.8
99.1
91
106
10.9
1.165
0.0424
40.3
3193
3991
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2008
121
0.009
42.1
28.8
34.9
32.0
308.3
254.7
277.8
39.3
98.7
91
106
11.0
1.165
0.0424
40.0
3157
3946
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2009
73
0.008
42.0
28.8
34.7
31.9
308.7
255.7
278.5
39.1
97.6
91
106
10.8
1.165
0.0424
39.9
3114
3892
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2010
63
0.006
42.0
28.8
34.7
31.9
308.7
255.8
278.6
39.1
98.2
91
106
10.9
1.165
0.0424
39.9
3132
3915
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2011
43
0.004
41.1
28.0
33.3
30.8
317.4
266.5
288.7
39.7
98.9
91
103
11.1
1.132
0.0414
38.5
3048
3810
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2012
91
0.007
42.9
29.0
34.7
32.0
305.7
256.1
277.7
39.1
97.4
91
104
10.9
1.148
0.0416
40.0
3113
3892
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2013
89
0.006
43.2
28.8
35.7
32.4
307.9
248.6
274.6
37.7
97.5
83
95
11.8
1.143
0.0380
40.5
3156
3945
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2014
100
0.006
44.0
29.5
35.8
32.8
301.0
247.4
271.0
38.0
99.5
83
94
11.6
1.139
0.0378
41.1
3266
4082
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-7
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2016
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2017
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2250
2018
10.2%
89.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1975
64.0%
75.2%
24.7%
0.1%
79.6%
20.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1976
81.7%
67.5%
32.5%
87.1%
12.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1977
79.3%
69.3%
30.7%
86.3%
12.5%
1.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1978
65.7%
53.2%
46.8%
92.0%
CO
o
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1979
3.5%
52.8%
52.1%
43.2%
4.7%
97.2%
2.3%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1980
3.9%
48.3%
52.5%
47.5%
93.5%
3.8%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1981
2.7%
43.8%
52.4%
46.7%
0.9%
93.4%
4.1%
2.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1982
0.6%
30.0%
57.3%
34.1%
CO
CT1
92.4%
4.6%
3.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1983
13.1%
18.0%
50.5%
28.0%
20.7%
0.8%
96.3%
3.2%
0.1%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1984
2.4%
22.1%
47.3%
26.2%
26.4%
0.1%
84.4%
11.9%
1.6%
2.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1985
9.2%
13.7%
53.7%
26.5%
19.8%
78.4%
15.7%
4.2%
1.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1986
0.9%
4.9%
49.5%
28.4%
22.1%
76.8%
16.9%
5.3%
1.0%
2.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1987
0.8%
1.5%
47.7%
19.7%
32.6%
66.8%
13.6%
19.5%
20.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1988
0.3%
0.0%
48.3%
9.9%
41.8%
36.6%
11.9%
51.5%
31.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1989
2.2%
52.0%
10.4%
37.6%
28.0%
24.7%
47.3%
44.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1990
0.1%
5.5%
56.7%
9.0%
34.2%
0.1%
4.5%
44.5%
51.0%
58.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1991
0.1%
5.2%
62.7%
0.7%
36.6%
0.1%
64.0%
36.0%
66.1%
5.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1992
0.0%
5.3%
53.6%
0.1%
46.3%
0.0%
82.6%
17.4%
64.3%
8.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1993
0.0%
4.2%
61.9%
5.3%
32.8%
0.0%
76.7%
23.3%
55.1%
4.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1994
4.8%
50.7%
7.7%
41.6%
75.4%
24.6%
68.4%
3.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1995
4.1%
48.4%
6.0%
45.6%
100.0%
66.4%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1996
5.8%
50.1%
6.2%
43.7%
100.0%
65.1%
CO
CO
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1997
5.6%
47.0%
53.0%
100.0%
60.4%
1.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1998
0.0%
38.9%
61.1%
100.0%
54.0%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
1999
41.9%
58.1%
100.0%
59.9%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2000
11.6%
45.3%
54.7%
100.0%
71.0%
29.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2001
3.2%
36.1%
63.9%
100.0%
73.4%
26.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2002
3.6%
38.0%
62.0%
100.0%
43.4%
24.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2003
13.3%
23.9%
76.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2004
15.3%
32.3%
67.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2005
9.3%
15.0%
85.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2006
29.5%
70.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2007
18.2%
81.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2008
16.8%
83.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2009
12.9%
87.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2010
11.6%
88.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2011
14.5%
85.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2012
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2013
25.8%
74.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2014
19.2%
38.0%
42.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-8
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2015
61
0.004
44.9
30.1
36.3
33.3
295.1
244.6
266.6
37.5
97.6
82
95
11.5
1.156
0.0381
41.7
3252
4065
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2016
52
0.003
45.3
29.9
37.3
33.7
296.0
237.3
263.8
36.1
81.3
90
104
10.8
1.167
0.0416
42.3
2771
3464
65.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2017
73
0.004
47.9
31.9
40.3
36.2
0.0
0.0
244.8
37.1
96.1
83
88
12.0
1.067
0.0354
45.8
3517
4396
93.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2018
0.003
47.0
31.2
38.1
34.8
0.0
0.0
255.2
37.8
97.4
84
90
11.9
1.063
0.0361
44.0
3427
4284
94.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1975
281
0.027
21.7
16.6
21.6
18.5
524.6
402.2
479.6
127
100
0.799
0.0365
25.9
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1976
203
0.016
24.5
19.0
23.7
20.9
461.4
368.9
425.9
122
96
0.794
0.0348
29.1
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1977
349
0.025
24.8
19.2
24.1
21.1
456.6
363.4
420.4
80.3
126
96
0.765
0.0350
29.4
1728
2375
2.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1978
498
0.034
24.8
19.3
24.1
21.2
455.4
364.6
419.9
88.6
129
95
13.4
0.740
0.0344
29.4
1892
2602
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1979
459
0.033
24.0
18.5
23.7
20.5
475.3
373.0
433.6
82.2
132
94
14.7
0.710
0.0341
28.4
1720
2365
5.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1980
973
0.086
26.1
19.9
26.0
22.2
439.7
338.8
399.5
96.0
142
93
14.9
0.665
0.0339
30.9
2176
2992
47.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1981
715
0.068
27.7
21.6
26.7
23.6
409.1
331.2
376.6
107.2
137
92
15.3
0.678
0.0333
32.7
2533
3482
70.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1982
961
0.099
28.8
22.0
28.5
24.5
402.4
310.7
362.2
104.3
124
87
17.0
0.707
0.0316
33.8
2566
3528
77.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1983
863
0.084
30.2
23.6
28.9
25.7
374.1
304.3
345.8
106.3
124
88
15.4
0.712
0.0320
35.6
2756
3790
89.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1984
2051
0.146
30.1
23.3
29.3
25.7
379.2
301.5
346.3
102.7
127
89
15.2
0.705
0.0324
35.5
2653
3648
87.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1985
1878
0.130
30.6
23.7
29.6
26.0
372.7
298.7
341.3
103.3
128
94
14.6
0.735
0.0340
36.0
2707
3722
93.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1986
1899
0.124
30.6
23.6
29.7
26.0
374.8
297.4
341.8
102.0
125
95
13.6
0.769
0.0347
36.0
2667
3667
92.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1987
1896
0.128
30.8
23.6
29.7
26.1
375.6
297.4
340.9
101.7
124
96
13.8
0.790
0.0350
36.0
2658
3655
95.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1988
1519
0.099
31.5
23.9
30.3
26.5
369.9
291.9
334.8
102.1
123
97
13.8
0.804
0.0354
36.6
2717
3736
97.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1989
1204
0.083
31.8
24.0
30.4
26.7
369.8
290.9
333.5
101.7
118
96
13.6
0.820
0.0349
36.8
2719
3738
97.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1990
1081
0.086
31.9
24.1
30.1
26.7
368.1
293.5
333.4
98.7
111
100
12.5
0.919
0.0364
36.7
2637
3625
99.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1991
1462
0.116
32.5
24.1
31.0
27.0
367.3
285.5
329.1
100.3
112
100
12.5
0.913
0.0364
37.3
2724
3746
99.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1992
1280
0.105
32.6
24.0
31.1
27.0
368.0
283.7
328.8
98.5
110
106
11.7
0.972
0.0386
37.4
2681
3687
99.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1993
1651
0.125
33.0
24.0
31.4
27.2
367.3
281.8
326.5
101.9
112
106
11.0
0.955
0.0384
37.6
2789
3835
98.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1994
1522
0.108
33.6
24.3
32.1
27.7
364.2
275.4
321.1
101.2
109
108
10.7
1.001
0.0394
38.2
2816
3872
98.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1995
1747
0.115
33.9
24.4
32.1
27.8
362.8
275.1
319.7
102.6
110
111
11.0
1.017
0.0403
38.4
2865
3940
99.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1996
1241
0.094
33.9
24.2
31.7
27.6
364.2
278.2
322.1
101.5
108
117
11.0
1.086
0.0427
38.2
2816
3872
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1997
1637
0.113
34.0
24.1
31.8
27.6
366.0
278.1
321.8
100.5
109
113
11.2
1.039
0.0409
38.2
2788
3833
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1998
1621
0.112
34.5
24.2
32.4
27.9
364.6
273.6
318.1
100.5
110
117
11.2
1.071
0.0427
38.6
2820
3877
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1999
1347
0.089
34.6
24.2
32.0
27.9
365.6
276.5
319.1
100.5
110
118
11.1
1.078
0.0428
38.4
2807
3860
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2000
1318
0.080
34.3
23.8
31.5
27.4
370.7
281.3
324.0
100.5
108
120
10.5
1.118
0.0437
37.9
2768
3806
96.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2001
1184
0.076
35.9
24.7
33.0
28.6
356.9
267.8
310.7
99.6
108
121
10.3
1.122
0.0440
39.6
2874
3952
94.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2002
913
0.057
36.3
24.8
33.0
28.8
355.7
267.5
309.0
99.6
107
119
10.5
1.121
0.0434
39.8
2884
3966
98.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2003
691
0.044
37.1
25.1
33.5
29.2
352.3
264.0
304.2
100.8
106
123
10.2
1.154
0.0447
40.3
2964
4075
98.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2004
729
0.046
36.9
24.8
33.2
28.9
356.7
266.6
307.1
101.6
105
120
10.4
1.144
0.0436
39.9
2955
4062
98.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2005
941
0.059
37.3
25.0
33.1
29.0
354.1
267.6
306.3
102.1
106
121
10.3
1.144
0.0439
40.1
2976
4092
99.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2006
628
0.042
37.8
25.3
33.4
29.3
350.0
265.3
303.1
101.0
104
119
10.6
1.142
0.0432
40.5
2982
4100
96.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2007
549
0.036
38.2
25.4
33.9
29.7
347.8
261.2
299.5
102.0
104
120
10.5
1.145
0.0435
40.9
3044
4186
97.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2008
437
0.031
37.9
25.2
33.7
29.4
350.2
263.2
301.9
40.4
102.5
104
119
10.6
1.147
0.0434
40.6
3042
4182
96.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2009
271
0.029
38.3
25.9
33.1
29.6
341.5
267.1
300.2
39.3
104.9
96
111
10.8
1.159
0.0404
40.8
3122
4293
98.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2010
194
0.017
39.0
26.3
33.8
30.1
336.3
262.1
295.1
39.3
105.1
97
113
10.8
1.174
0.0413
41.5
3188
4383
96.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2011
237
0.020
40.4
26.9
34.2
30.6
328.9
258.4
290.2
39.3
101.2
97
114
10.6
1.175
0.0416
42.3
3120
4290
97.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2012
400
0.030
44.4
29.8
36.6
33.3
0.0
0.0
266.2
40.0
101.4
95
115
10.2
1.211
0.0420
47.1
3485
4792
98.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2013
473
0.031
44.2
29.5
36.7
33.2
0.0
0.0
267.6
40.2
101.3
95
120
10.0
1.259
0.0437
46.5
3438
4727
98.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-9
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2015
16.4%
42.7%
40.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2016
34.9%
29.9%
12.2%
17.8%
40.2%
35.9%
64.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2017
6.6%
10.7%
3.5%
15.6%
70.3%
6.2%
93.1%
99.3%
99.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2500
2018
5.2%
13.9%
0.5%
20.3%
65.3%
6.0%
93.5%
99.5%
99.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1975
99.6%
70.3%
29.3%
0.3%
96.1%
3.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1976
99.1%
63.5%
36.5%
96.4%
3.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1977
98.0%
67.5%
32.5%
90.6%
9.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1978
99.1%
66.7%
33.3%
94.5%
5.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1979
94.6%
59.6%
40.4%
93.9%
6.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1980
52.1%
53.6%
46.4%
86.2%
13.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1981
30.0%
36.0%
64.0%
81.1%
18.3%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1982
3.1%
19.0%
33.7%
36.1%
30.2%
87.4%
6.4%
5.8%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1983
4.0%
6.6%
31.2%
35.8%
33.0%
46.5%
12.3%
40.6%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1984
2.2%
10.1%
30.5%
33.1%
36.3%
0.1%
44.3%
12.2%
42.4%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1985
2.8%
3.8%
21.8%
33.1%
45.1%
25.6%
14.5%
59.5%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1986
2.9%
4.4%
34.7%
17.7%
47.5%
15.0%
32.1%
52.6%
0.3%
17.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1987
1.9%
2.4%
31.5%
24.5%
44.0%
16.6%
24.7%
58.4%
0.2%
26.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1988
1.8%
0.8%
31.0%
10.8%
58.1%
21.4%
18.9%
59.8%
27.2%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1989
1.1%
1.4%
29.6%
11.2%
59.2%
14.1%
21.8%
63.8%
0.3%
22.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1990
0.9%
0.1%
25.7%
8.7%
65.5%
0.4%
56.5%
43.0%
0.2%
46.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1991
0.2%
0.6%
28.1%
4.0%
68.0%
63.5%
36.1%
0.3%
47.0%
6.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1992
0.5%
30.1%
5.5%
64.4%
85.9%
14.0%
0.1%
58.8%
11.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1993
1.6%
0.0%
27.3%
3.3%
69.4%
93.8%
6.2%
52.9%
12.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1994
0.1%
1.2%
32.1%
1.5%
66.4%
99.7%
0.3%
67.4%
20.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1995
0.0%
0.1%
27.6%
72.4%
100.0%
74.7%
13.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1996
25.1%
74.8%
0.1%
100.0%
88.0%
17.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1997
0.0%
22.1%
77.5%
0.4%
100.0%
75.7%
16.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1998
0.0%
22.3%
0.3%
77.1%
0.3%
100.0%
83.2%
22.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
1999
19.1%
0.5%
80.3%
0.2%
100.0%
83.3%
20.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2000
3.1%
21.1%
1.6%
77.2%
0.1%
100.0%
92.2%
42.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2001
5.8%
20.1%
1.4%
78.4%
0.1%
100.0%
93.1%
65.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2002
1.5%
22.1%
0.6%
77.0%
0.4%
100.0%
93.8%
63.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2003
1.8%
21.3%
77.4%
1.3%
100.0%
100.0%
80.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2004
1.2%
23.0%
75.7%
1.3%
100.0%
99.6%
78.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2005
0.4%
16.8%
82.2%
1.0%
100.0%
93.2%
75.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2006
3.3%
17.1%
81.5%
1.5%
100.0%
91.8%
86.1%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2007
2.4%
14.9%
85.1%
100.0%
87.8%
79.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2008
3.7%
19.3%
80.7%
100.0%
98.0%
60.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2009
1.6%
21.1%
78.9%
100.0%
100.0%
84.8%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2010
3.7%
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2011
2.3%
13.4%
86.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2012
2.0%
9.8%
60.5%
29.7%
24.8%
74.8%
99.6%
99.6%
11.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2013
1.2%
10.2%
69.8%
20.0%
33.5%
66.4%
100.0%
100.0%
9.5%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-10
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2014
360
0.023
45.5
29.7
38.1
34.0
0.0
0.0
261.5
40.9
104.2
97
116
10.1
1.195
0.0421
47.7
3624
4983
99.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2015
473
0.028
45.5
30.1
37.6
34.0
286.0
234.9
261.7
40.7
105.1
96
117
10.1
1.222
0.0425
47.4
3636
4999
98.9%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2016
464
0.029
45.3
29.7
38.0
33.9
0.0
0.0
262.1
40.9
105.1
96
120
10.0
1.247
0.0436
47.1
3607
4960
98.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2017
360
0.021
44.4
29.2
38.8
34.0
0.0
0.0
261.6
40.8
102.5
96
122
9.9
1.271
0.0445
47.0
3518
4837
95.3%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2018
0.016
46.4
30.5
38.4
34.5
0.0
0.0
257.3
40.6
101.8
95
116
10.1
1.218
0.0422
48.1
3568
4907
95.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1975
828
0.081
21.4
16.6
20.9
18.3
528.9
417.9
486.0
147
99
0.674
0.0329
27.8
3.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1976
884
0.072
23.5
18.1
23.1
20.1
485.7
378.4
443.0
147
95
0.657
0.0317
30.4
2.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1977
584
0.041
23.2
18.1
22.3
19.8
483.7
391.3
449.0
87.6
146
104
0.715
0.0347
30.1
1771
2656
3.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1978
903
0.062
22.5
17.7
21.3
19.2
496.0
410.5
464.0
97.3
164
102
13.9
0.637
0.0339
29.1
1885
2828
4.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1979
1286
0.093
22.1
17.2
21.3
18.9
511.6
410.5
471.5
96.3
162
100
14.8
0.634
0.0333
28.6
1834
2751
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1980
2026
0.179
23.6
18.3
23.0
20.1
483.9
384.5
441.6
100.9
164
100
15.1
0.624
0.0334
30.3
2040
3060
32.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1981
1626
0.154
24.4
19.0
23.4
20.8
465.1
375.5
428.3
103.8
165
101
15.2
0.619
0.0335
31.4
2168
3252
45.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1982
1554
0.160
25.7
19.7
25.4
21.9
446.9
343.9
405.8
104.2
163
103
16.0
0.640
0.0343
33.3
2319
3479
53.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1983
1515
0.147
25.8
19.8
25.6
22.0
445.7
342.5
403.7
105.4
161
105
14.5
0.658
0.0349
33.4
2346
3520
63.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1984
1994
0.142
26.4
20.2
26.2
22.5
435.5
336.4
394.5
104.9
157
107
14.2
0.689
0.0357
34.1
2381
3571
73.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1985
2037
0.141
27.1
20.7
26.9
23.1
425.0
326.6
384.7
106.7
154
110
13.8
0.727
0.0366
35.0
2489
3734
77.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1986
2830
0.184
27.5
21.0
27.1
23.4
420.8
325.1
380.1
106.6
151
108
13.4
0.723
0.0359
35.3
2513
3770
82.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1987
2743
0.185
27.9
21.2
27.4
23.6
415.6
321.5
375.8
106.3
147
111
13.3
0.767
0.0371
35.8
2539
3809
84.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1988
3146
0.206
28.4
21.4
27.8
24.0
411.8
317.0
370.4
105.3
145
114
13.2
0.797
0.0380
36.3
2547
3821
90.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1989
3402
0.235
28.4
21.2
27.7
23.9
416.6
318.4
372.3
105.2
146
118
12.5
0.815
0.0393
36.0
2525
3788
91.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1990
2857
0.226
28.6
21.3
27.7
23.9
415.9
319.6
371.4
103.9
142
122
11.4
0.867
0.0405
36.0
2497
3746
95.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1991
2714
0.216
28.1
20.8
27.3
23.5
424.8
323.9
378.0
104.0
145
124
11.4
0.868
0.0414
35.5
2458
3687
93.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1992
1918
0.158
28.4
20.8
27.6
23.7
425.8
321.0
375.8
102.7
146
127
11.0
0.885
0.0423
35.6
2438
3657
94.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1993
2021
0.153
28.7
20.8
27.8
23.8
424.5
318.1
373.3
102.6
147
125
10.4
0.863
0.0417
35.9
2455
3683
94.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1994
2033
0.144
29.1
21.0
28.0
24.0
421.8
315.5
369.7
102.9
143
124
10.3
0.881
0.0413
36.2
2481
3721
99.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1995
1933
0.128
29.7
21.2
28.8
24.5
418.1
307.2
362.7
103.6
139
136
9.9
0.988
0.0452
36.9
2546
3819
95.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1996
1796
0.137
29.9
21.1
29.2
24.6
419.8
303.4
360.9
103.1
137
133
10.4
0.980
0.0444
37.0
2544
3817
96.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1997
1765
0.122
30.0
21.0
29.0
24.5
422.1
305.7
362.3
102.5
136
134
10.3
0.993
0.0447
36.9
2521
3781
95.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1998
1153
0.080
30.1
21.0
28.8
24.5
421.5
307.2
362.8
101.1
132
131
10.8
0.997
0.0436
37.0
2494
3741
94.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1999
924
0.061
30.1
20.9
28.4
24.4
422.8
311.2
364.8
99.9
128
128
10.9
1.001
0.0426
36.8
2455
3682
94.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2000
1470
0.089
30.6
21.3
28.6
24.7
415.7
309.7
360.3
102.0
126
127
10.6
1.007
0.0423
37.3
2544
3816
95.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2001
1255
0.080
31.6
21.8
29.1
25.3
402.2
304.1
352.0
102.5
125
129
10.4
1.031
0.0429
38.3
2628
3942
95.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2002
1587
0.099
31.4
21.6
28.9
25.1
406.9
306.0
354.7
104.2
124
132
10.3
1.064
0.0440
38.0
2642
3963
98.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2003
1776
0.113
32.8
22.4
29.8
26.0
390.6
296.6
342.1
104.4
121
133
10.1
1.098
0.0443
39.5
2747
4121
97.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2004
1576
0.100
33.5
22.5
30.4
26.4
383.2
289.1
336.8
105.5
123
136
9.9
1.103
0.0452
40.3
2842
4263
97.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2005
1738
0.109
34.2
23.0
30.6
26.8
368.7
285.7
332.0
106.1
121
135
9.8
1.110
0.0449
41.3
2935
4402
98.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2006
1673
0.111
34.9
23.3
31.4
27.3
365.8
277.9
325.1
103.4
120
139
9.7
1.156
0.0462
42.1
2913
4369
97.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2007
1780
0.116
36.4
24.3
32.4
28.4
345.9
268.9
313.1
104.5
120
137
9.7
1.143
0.0457
43.9
3081
4622
97.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2008
1660
0.119
37.5
25.1
33.2
29.2
334.6
263.1
304.8
42.6
104.2
118
135
9.8
1.145
0.0450
45.2
3156
4733
98.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2009
1565
0.168
38.4
25.7
33.9
29.8
336.4
259.9
298.5
42.5
104.2
115
135
9.8
1.171
0.0450
45.4
3161
4742
99.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2010
1809
0.163
38.2
25.5
33.8
29.6
345.6
262.0
300.0
42.7
105.4
116
138
9.8
1.196
0.0462
44.7
3136
4704
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2011
1085
0.090
38.6
25.6
33.3
29.5
345.2
265.6
301.5
43.0
106.8
114
139
9.7
1.227
0.0463
44.4
3152
4729
99.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2012
1875
0.139
40.2
26.5
35.0
30.8
333.1
251.9
288.7
43.4
106.6
114
145
9.3
1.275
0.0483
46.4
3295
4942
99.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-ll
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2014
1.0%
7.0%
45.7%
47.2%
27.4%
72.5%
99.9%
99.9%
10.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2015
1.1%
9.0%
34.2%
56.8%
34.4%
65.6%
100.0%
100.0%
7.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2016
1.5%
4.9%
12.5%
36.1%
46.6%
50.5%
49.5%
100.0%
100.0%
4.7%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2017
4.7%
9.4%
11.0%
43.3%
36.3%
52.5%
47.4%
100.0%
100.0%
1.5%
Sedan/Wagon
2750
2018
4.6%
10.7%
13.0%
36.9%
39.4%
45.7%
54.1%
99.8%
99.8%
9.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1975
96.5%
48.5%
51.4%
0.1%
82.9%
17.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1976
97.5%
50.4%
49.6%
90.2%
9.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1977
96.4%
51.3%
48.7%
77.6%
22.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1978
95.6%
35.2%
64.8%
82.0%
18.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1979
97.4%
39.7%
60.3%
85.8%
14.1%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1980
68.0%
30.9%
68.1%
1.0%
92.0%
7.5%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1981
54.6%
21.6%
77.7%
0.7%
87.8%
11.9%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1982
46.8%
17.0%
17.9%
65.1%
53.8%
18.6%
26.9%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1983
37.0%
17.2%
20.1%
62.7%
50.1%
22.7%
26.5%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1984
0.2%
25.9%
16.2%
25.6%
58.2%
42.1%
27.6%
29.6%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1985
0.5%
21.6%
14.4%
32.1%
53.5%
27.4%
37.5%
34.7%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1986
1.0%
16.8%
15.1%
28.5%
56.4%
15.0%
35.7%
49.0%
0.2%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1987
1.9%
14.0%
15.7%
20.8%
63.5%
0.9%
49.6%
49.5%
0.0%
10.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1988
1.2%
8.3%
17.2%
16.1%
66.8%
69.9%
30.1%
0.0%
22.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1989
1.4%
7.3%
16.4%
12.1%
71.5%
2.6%
73.4%
24.0%
33.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1990
0.7%
4.3%
20.8%
10.4%
68.8%
0.1%
74.9%
25.0%
46.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1991
1.5%
5.1%
18.4%
9.2%
72.4%
75.7%
24.3%
41.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1992
0.7%
5.1%
20.3%
13.3%
66.3%
87.2%
12.8%
36.5%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1993
0.9%
4.5%
19.7%
11.3%
68.9%
86.8%
13.2%
38.2%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1994
0.3%
0.6%
16.5%
7.9%
75.6%
89.5%
10.5%
37.2%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1995
2.6%
2.0%
22.1%
77.9%
98.6%
1.4%
65.5%
9.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1996
1.8%
1.5%
20.7%
79.3%
100.0%
61.9%
12.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1997
2.3%
2.2%
19.8%
0.1%
80.1%
99.9%
0.1%
69.1%
7.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1998
2.7%
2.7%
24.2%
0.3%
75.5%
99.0%
1.0%
57.4%
21.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
1999
2.5%
3.1%
26.9%
1.2%
72.0%
99.0%
1.0%
49.9%
24.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2000
1.2%
3.1%
21.2%
1.7%
77.1%
98.6%
1.4%
48.2%
17.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2001
0.7%
3.4%
22.8%
1.1%
74.8%
1.3%
98.6%
1.4%
56.5%
26.4%
1.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2002
0.2%
1.7%
19.2%
0.4%
79.0%
1.4%
98.9%
1.1%
64.4%
27.7%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2003
1.4%
1.7%
19.4%
77.9%
2.7%
99.0%
1.0%
85.6%
40.1%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2004
1.2%
1.2%
15.2%
79.8%
5.0%
99.4%
0.6%
92.7%
46.5%
4.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2005
0.8%
1.2%
15.9%
75.7%
8.4%
99.7%
0.3%
91.9%
62.6%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2006
1.2%
1.6%
17.0%
75.8%
7.2%
99.9%
0.1%
94.7%
71.7%
7.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2007
0.8%
1.9%
14.3%
68.2%
17.5%
1.2%
98.8%
96.3%
55.9%
10.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2008
0.9%
1.1%
12.0%
66.9%
21.1%
1.3%
98.7%
98.1%
63.8%
12.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2009
0.7%
0.3%
9.8%
77.4%
12.8%
0.9%
99.1%
98.8%
79.4%
6.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2010
0.0%
6.3%
83.2%
10.5%
1.1%
98.9%
97.2%
90.3%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2011
0.1%
0.0%
7.5%
76.3%
16.1%
3.1%
96.9%
97.0%
89.0%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2012
0.8%
0.0%
8.0%
1.4%
79.8%
10.8%
27.4%
72.6%
97.6%
98.0%
1.3%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-12
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2013
2113
0.139
40.3
26.7
35.2
31.0
0.0
0.0
286.9
43.6
107.1
112
146
9.3
1.309
0.0487
46.9
3343
5014
97.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2014
1833
0.118
41.3
27.1
35.6
31.4
0.0
0.0
282.9
43.9
108.7
113
145
9.2
1.288
0.0485
47.8
3450
5176
98.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2015
1764
0.105
41.8
27.5
36.0
31.7
0.0
0.0
279.4
43.8
108.3
111
144
9.2
1.294
0.0479
48.6
3488
5233
98.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2016
1920
0.118
42.6
27.8
36.6
32.2
0.0
0.0
275.2
44.4
111.3
110
148
9.0
1.356
0.0493
49.1
3632
5447
98.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2017
1897
0.112
43.7
28.9
38.0
33.5
0.0
0.0
265.3
44.6
110.8
109
146
9.1
1.365
0.0487
50.8
3745
5618
98.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2018
0.102
43.6
28.7
37.0
32.9
0.0
0.0
269.9
44.4
111.3
109
144
9.2
1.348
0.0479
49.9
3699
5549
98.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1975
1029
0.101
18.2
14.3
17.1
15.5
608.4
510.6
575.7
227
102
0.463
0.0292
27.6
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1976
934
0.076
19.4
15.5
18.0
16.5
570.3
489.4
538.9
231
100
0.447
0.0286
29.2
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1977
724
0.051
20.2
16.1
18.8
17.2
546.5
469.6
517.9
102.4
232
104
0.458
0.0297
30.5
1789
3132
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1978
2992
0.207
20.2
15.8
19.2
17.2
559.1
461.0
517.6
111.1
257
120
13.8
0.468
0.0342
30.2
1919
3358
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1979
2684
0.193
20.2
16.0
18.8
17.2
553.7
470.8
518.5
112.3
252
120
14.4
0.477
0.0342
30.1
1934
3385
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1980
2148
0.190
20.7
16.3
19.8
17.7
544.6
449.0
503.8
111.3
244
115
15.1
0.477
0.0329
31.1
1980
3465
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1981
1829
0.173
22.2
17.3
21.4
18.9
513.4
413.6
471.2
113.3
234
113
15.2
0.487
0.0322
33.3
2160
3780
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1982
1421
0.146
22.4
17.3
21.8
19.1
510.4
406.9
468.2
112.0
237
118
15.8
0.505
0.0338
33.8
2170
3798
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1983
1669
0.162
22.8
17.5
22.6
19.5
505.4
392.2
457.5
111.8
238
122
14.1
0.524
0.0348
34.3
2199
3848
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1984
2220
0.158
22.9
17.5
22.8
19.5
504.2
387.8
455.3
109.6
236
127
13.6
0.556
0.0363
34.5
2167
3792
CO
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1985
2461
0.170
23.4
17.7
23.7
20.0
500.1
374.4
445.4
111.9
228
133
12.9
0.603
0.0379
35.1
2246
3930
35.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1986
2760
0.180
24.4
18.2
25.1
20.8
486.9
351.2
426.8
113.5
225
141
11.8
0.654
0.0404
36.5
2377
4160
49.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1987
2521
0.170
24.6
18.0
25.7
20.9
491.7
343.6
424.9
114.0
217
147
11.6
0.703
0.0421
36.7
2399
4199
64.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1988
2693
0.176
25.4
18.5
26.5
21.5
478.6
332.8
412.9
113.5
212
151
11.5
0.732
0.0431
37.9
2464
4312
72.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1989
2688
0.186
25.1
18.2
26.2
21.3
486.1
337.2
417.5
114.2
207
151
11.1
0.751
0.0431
37.4
2444
4278
80.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1990
2704
0.214
25.5
18.3
26.4
21.5
483.1
334.7
413.6
113.0
194
150
10.5
0.795
0.0430
37.7
2443
4275
84.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1991
2137
0.170
25.4
18.2
26.0
21.3
486.3
339.9
416.8
111.2
195
156
10.4
0.822
0.0446
37.4
2386
4176
79.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1992
2822
0.232
25.6
18.2
26.2
21.5
485.8
337.5
414.3
113.6
192
155
10.3
0.829
0.0442
37.6
2447
4283
78.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1993
2848
0.216
26.0
18.5
26.5
21.7
479.8
334.5
408.8
114.2
194
156
9.6
0.825
0.0447
38.2
2495
4365
87.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1994
2770
0.196
26.1
18.4
26.5
21.7
481.2
334.9
409.0
111.7
191
156
9.5
0.837
0.0445
38.2
2438
4266
84.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1995
3628
0.240
26.4
18.5
26.9
22.0
479.5
330.1
404.6
111.9
188
166
9.4
0.906
0.0473
38.5
2466
4315
79.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1996
3154
0.240
26.5
18.5
26.6
22.0
479.3
332.8
404.8
111.5
181
164
9.8
0.925
0.0470
38.5
2455
4297
89.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1997
3196
0.221
26.7
18.5
26.8
22.1
479.0
330.6
403.1
112.4
181
170
9.6
0.957
0.0486
38.7
2488
4353
88.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1998
3995
0.276
27.1
18.6
27.0
22.3
473.8
328.5
398.7
111.5
178
170
9.9
0.969
0.0485
39.2
2494
4365
88.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1999
4610
0.303
27.2
18.6
26.8
22.3
475.1
330.5
399.3
110.8
174
170
9.9
0.993
0.0486
39.1
2476
4333
90.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2000
4665
0.282
27.1
18.5
26.7
22.2
478.6
332.5
400.9
111.5
175
174
9.3
1.013
0.0498
38.9
2479
4339
88.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2001
4313
0.276
27.2
18.5
26.5
22.1
478.6
334.2
401.4
110.6
174
177
9.1
1.029
0.0505
38.9
2461
4307
88.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2002
4294
0.266
27.7
18.7
26.6
22.4
472.0
332.9
397.1
112.5
176
183
9.0
1.063
0.0524
39.4
2533
4433
88.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2003
4119
0.261
28.0
18.7
26.9
22.6
471.5
328.0
393.7
111.1
175
185
CO
CO
1.076
0.0528
39.7
2529
4426
87.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2004
3561
0.227
28.1
18.7
26.9
22.6
472.4
328.2
393.6
110.4
176
188
8.7
1.097
0.0538
39.8
2516
4404
84.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2005
3265
0.205
28.9
19.2
27.3
23.1
461.2
323.4
385.4
111.8
170
185
CO
CO
1.111
0.0528
40.7
2608
4563
85.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2006
3024
0.200
29.2
19.3
27.4
23.2
456.8
322.2
382.9
111.4
167
188
8.7
1.144
0.0537
41.0
2618
4581
85.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2007
3016
0.197
29.9
19.9
28.0
23.8
443.2
314.9
373.1
110.3
160
184
8.9
1.163
0.0525
42.0
2657
4651
86.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2008
2458
0.177
30.6
20.3
28.4
24.3
433.2
310.8
366.1
45.2
110.8
155
184
8.9
1.195
0.0525
42.8
2720
4760
86.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2009
2191
0.235
31.7
21.0
29.5
25.1
421.5
300.3
355.2
45.6
113.2
149
177
8.9
1.193
0.0507
44.2
2865
5013
89.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2010
2345
0.211
34.6
22.9
31.6
27.2
359.4
275.0
327.9
45.6
113.6
147
173
8.9
1.172
0.0495
49.8
3248
5685
92.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2011
2546
0.212
34.9
22.8
32.0
27.3
0.0
0.0
326.5
46.0
113.2
144
179
8.7
1.248
0.0510
49.1
3185
5575
89.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-13
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2013
0.8%
2.1%
8.1%
4.5%
77.4%
10.1%
21.3%
78.6%
97.7%
98.6%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2014
0.2%
1.0%
6.3%
8.7%
42.6%
42.4%
35.0%
64.5%
96.8%
97.2%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2015
0.2%
1.2%
6.3%
6.2%
37.5%
50.0%
25.9%
73.3%
96.9%
97.2%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2016
1.1%
0.7%
4.5%
7.2%
41.5%
46.8%
40.4%
59.2%
99.6%
99.6%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2017
0.6%
0.9%
4.6%
1.2%
44.2%
50.0%
33.3%
66.3%
99.5%
99.5%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3000
2018
0.5%
0.6%
6.1%
0.9%
37.8%
55.2%
32.6%
67.1%
99.7%
99.7%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1975
100.0%
19.3%
80.7%
91.6%
6.5%
1.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1976
100.0%
17.2%
82.8%
92.9%
5.7%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1977
100.0%
16.2%
83.8%
91.1%
6.1%
2.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1978
100.0%
4.7%
88.9%
6.4%
98.1%
1.4%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1979
100.0%
4.0%
79.1%
16.9%
97.9%
1.3%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1980
0.4%
99.4%
3.1%
59.0%
37.9%
96.2%
2.2%
1.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1981
0.5%
99.5%
3.4%
12.2%
84.4%
94.5%
3.0%
2.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1982
0.6%
98.9%
6.9%
4.7%
88.4%
85.6%
5.1%
4.4%
4.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1983
0.8%
98.2%
8.7%
7.9%
83.4%
83.0%
9.1%
5.3%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1984
0.2%
91.6%
7.7%
3.5%
88.9%
63.0%
23.5%
12.1%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1985
0.0%
64.8%
8.3%
2.9%
88.8%
29.5%
37.6%
32.3%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1986
0.5%
50.4%
8.6%
2.9%
88.5%
19.9%
59.4%
20.7%
0.1%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1987
0.4%
35.5%
8.8%
3.4%
87.8%
7.4%
77.1%
15.0%
0.4%
3.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1988
0.2%
27.0%
7.9%
2.4%
89.7%
0.3%
88.2%
11.4%
6.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1989
0.2%
19.2%
6.8%
5.0%
88.2%
87.8%
12.2%
0.0%
7.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1990
1.9%
13.6%
6.3%
4.1%
89.6%
97.2%
2.8%
0.0%
12.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1991
2.7%
17.6%
7.4%
4.4%
88.3%
96.0%
3.9%
0.1%
16.4%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1992
1.7%
19.7%
5.2%
2.5%
92.2%
98.0%
1.9%
0.1%
24.0%
2.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1993
1.6%
10.8%
4.6%
1.7%
93.7%
99.6%
0.4%
24.4%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1994
0.9%
14.2%
7.4%
1.0%
91.5%
100.0%
26.2%
9.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1995
1.4%
19.2%
7.1%
1.0%
91.8%
100.0%
37.4%
10.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1996
2.5%
8.6%
7.5%
0.8%
91.8%
99.8%
0.2%
47.0%
12.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1997
2.9%
8.3%
6.2%
0.0%
93.8%
99.9%
0.1%
48.7%
12.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1998
2.7%
9.3%
5.7%
0.0%
94.2%
100.0%
55.1%
17.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
1999
2.6%
7.4%
5.9%
0.4%
93.7%
100.0%
63.4%
16.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2000
2.5%
9.1%
6.4%
0.6%
93.0%
100.0%
65.7%
22.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2001
1.9%
9.3%
7.1%
0.5%
92.4%
99.9%
0.1%
64.8%
21.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2002
2.6%
9.1%
7.7%
0.2%
92.0%
0.1%
99.7%
0.3%
67.8%
33.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2003
1.7%
11.2%
8.5%
91.3%
0.2%
99.7%
0.3%
66.6%
40.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2004
2.6%
13.3%
8.6%
0.5%
90.7%
0.2%
99.6%
0.4%
66.6%
37.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2005
4.4%
9.7%
7.2%
0.3%
92.4%
0.1%
99.4%
0.6%
70.6%
47.3%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2006
4.1%
10.5%
8.8%
0.2%
91.0%
98.6%
1.4%
78.5%
57.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2007
3.7%
9.5%
8.1%
79.7%
12.2%
0.2%
99.8%
87.1%
67.8%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2008
6.1%
7.2%
7.8%
75.7%
16.5%
2.5%
97.5%
93.9%
63.3%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2009
5.6%
5.0%
5.6%
0.2%
80.7%
13.6%
3.0%
95.3%
1.7%
98.1%
78.4%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2010
3.6%
4.3%
4.7%
4.2%
66.9%
24.2%
3.2%
94.3%
2.6%
98.1%
94.9%
10.9%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2011
5.2%
5.4%
4.9%
0.7%
77.0%
17.5%
16.8%
80.7%
2.2%
99.2%
96.5%
6.4%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-14
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2012
3348
0.249
36.0
23.7
32.7
28.1
0.0
0.0
316.9
46.0
113.9
142
175
CO
CO
1.249
0.0500
50.6
3301
5777
92.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2013
3446
0.227
37.5
24.6
33.8
29.1
0.0
0.0
305.9
46.3
112.8
139
182
8.5
1.327
0.0520
53.0
3427
5998
89.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2014
3174
0.205
37.9
24.8
33.9
29.3
0.0
0.0
304.0
46.3
112.6
137
180
8.6
1.343
0.0514
52.7
3405
5959
89.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2015
3459
0.207
39.2
25.4
35.1
30.2
0.0
0.0
294.1
46.5
113.8
139
181
8.5
1.330
0.0517
54.9
89.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2016
2856
0.176
38.9
25.2
35.0
30.0
0.0
0.0
295.7
46.7
113.1
137
184
8.4
1.380
0.0526
54.3
87.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2017
2762
0.162
39.7
25.9
35.6
30.7
0.0
0.0
289.1
46.5
114.3
134
180
8.5
1.368
0.0513
56.0
86.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2018
0.166
41.8
27.4
36.4
31.9
0.0
0.0
276.8
46.9
114.7
127
185
8.2
1.494
0.0527
58.7
3866
6765
87.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1975
1089
0.106
15.6
12.4
14.5
13.3
702.5
603.0
668.2
292
130
0.443
0.0325
27.0
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1976
1977
0.160
17.7
14.0
16.5
15.0
627.5
532.6
591.1
280
122
0.433
0.0305
30.4
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1977
3323
0.235
17.9
14.2
16.7
15.2
622.1
529.2
584.1
113.5
293
133
0.453
0.0333
30.6
1739
3477
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1978
2235
0.155
18.0
14.1
17.1
15.3
626.1
516.0
580.5
114.9
306
145
13.1
0.474
0.0362
30.9
1782
3563
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1979
2643
0.190
17.8
14.0
16.7
15.1
631.3
528.7
589.1
119.6
311
147
13.4
0.472
0.0367
30.5
1830
3660
5.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1980
1316
0.116
18.8
14.6
18.3
16.1
609.9
484.7
558.7
122.4
302
136
14.4
0.453
0.0339
32.6
2003
4007
10.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1981
1313
0.124
20.3
15.5
20.3
17.3
577.4
439.6
520.3
123.2
296
134
14.4
0.458
0.0334
35.2
2171
4343
11.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1982
1215
0.125
20.6
15.6
20.9
17.6
571.2
428.6
510.0
126.4
287
135
15.0
0.479
0.0339
35.6
2244
4487
11.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1983
1446
0.140
20.3
15.4
20.6
17.4
577.0
431.0
513.9
126.7
287
139
13.5
0.490
0.0348
35.0
2211
4422
12.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1984
1702
0.121
20.6
15.5
20.9
17.6
571.7
425.9
507.5
126.3
289
139
13.4
0.485
0.0347
35.3
2225
4449
12.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1985
1671
0.116
21.7
16.4
22.3
18.6
543.0
397.7
479.3
125.3
294
148
12.6
0.508
0.0371
37.3
2337
4674
13.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1986
918
0.060
22.1
16.5
22.6
18.8
538.4
390.4
472.8
124.9
299
154
11.8
0.520
0.0384
37.8
2366
4733
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1987
912
0.061
21.7
16.3
22.0
18.5
545.9
402.0
481.5
122.2
294
157
11.8
0.551
0.0392
37.1
2275
4550
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1988
829
0.054
22.2
16.4
22.7
18.8
539.8
389.1
471.6
125.8
289
160
11.8
0.569
0.0400
37.9
2392
4783
6.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1989
860
0.060
23.0
16.8
23.5
19.4
526.6
374.8
457.3
125.1
275
155
11.7
0.576
0.0386
39.1
2447
4894
8.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1990
986
0.078
23.0
16.7
23.7
19.4
530.9
373.4
457.1
123.1
263
165
10.6
0.643
0.0412
39.0
2400
4800
33.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1991
1114
0.089
23.3
16.7
24.1
19.6
531.5
367.0
453.0
124.9
265
187
9.8
0.718
0.0466
39.4
2459
4918
38.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1992
1166
0.096
23.4
16.7
24.1
19.7
529.2
367.3
451.2
123.4
258
198
9.3
0.788
0.0495
39.5
2440
4881
41.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1993
1059
0.080
23.6
16.7
24.1
19.7
529.4
367.2
450.1
121.9
253
198
8.7
0.806
0.0494
39.6
2415
4829
39.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1994
1342
0.095
23.5
16.6
24.0
19.6
534.7
370.3
452.8
121.5
248
204
8.5
0.842
0.0510
39.3
2390
4780
45.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1995
1281
0.085
23.5
16.4
24.2
19.6
541.2
366.2
453.1
121.3
253
219
8.3
0.885
0.0547
39.3
2386
4773
44.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1996
1093
0.083
23.9
16.6
24.6
19.9
535.8
360.9
446.4
124.1
249
218
8.7
0.885
0.0546
39.9
2476
4953
51.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1997
1259
0.087
23.8
16.4
24.3
19.8
540.4
364.4
449.2
123.1
249
225
8.6
0.913
0.0562
39.6
2440
4879
50.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1998
918
0.064
23.8
16.4
24.0
19.7
541.3
368.9
451.5
123.0
247
234
8.5
0.963
0.0585
39.5
2427
4854
50.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1999
1179
0.077
24.2
16.4
24.5
19.9
538.9
362.2
445.8
123.5
238
233
8.5
1.003
0.0582
40.0
2469
4938
55.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2000
1382
0.083
24.4
16.5
24.5
20.0
537.0
361.4
443.5
122.3
235
240
8.0
1.036
0.0600
40.2
2459
4918
55.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2001
1331
0.085
24.6
16.6
24.5
20.2
532.3
361.0
440.8
121.2
227
226
8.2
1.021
0.0565
40.5
2455
4910
51.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2002
1256
0.078
24.8
16.7
24.3
20.2
530.2
363.8
440.0
116.6
223
230
8.2
1.052
0.0574
40.5
2369
4738
51.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2003
1013
0.064
25.1
16.8
24.5
20.4
526.9
360.9
436.5
114.0
215
233
8.1
1.106
0.0584
40.9
2343
4686
46.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2004
1287
0.082
25.4
16.8
24.9
20.6
525.1
355.7
431.8
113.7
211
239
7.9
1.147
0.0596
41.4
2359
4719
61.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2005
1637
0.103
25.7
16.9
25.0
20.7
522.3
354.2
429.0
115.1
214
240
7.8
1.138
0.0600
41.7
2406
4812
53.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2006
2241
0.148
26.0
17.2
25.1
21.0
513.9
351.0
424.0
116.3
215
245
7.7
1.159
0.0613
42.2
2459
4917
52.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2007
2197
0.144
27.0
17.8
25.9
21.7
489.5
339.8
410.1
114.4
208
241
7.8
1.177
0.0603
43.9
2513
5026
64.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2008
2284
0.164
26.9
17.7
26.1
21.7
496.8
338.0
410.4
47.6
113.6
209
247
7.7
1.202
0.0619
43.7
2487
4974
60.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2009
1315
0.141
27.5
18.1
26.4
22.1
479.3
332.9
402.4
47.5
113.0
208
251
7.4
1.219
0.0628
44.8
2534
5067
60.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2010
1399
0.126
27.7
18.3
26.6
22.2
0.0
0.0
400.1
48.0
112.1
213
262
7.4
1.239
0.0654
45.2
2532
5063
51.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-15
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2012
4.2%
3.1%
3.9%
2.5%
73.4%
20.1%
16.9%
80.2%
2.6%
99.3%
96.4%
7.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2013
4.7%
5.5%
4.3%
1.5%
63.6%
30.6%
38.8%
57.3%
3.1%
98.8%
95.6%
7.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2014
4.7%
6.1%
3.9%
1.0%
67.4%
27.8%
41.2%
55.3%
3.1%
98.5%
96.3%
6.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2015
6.2%
4.3%
3.4%
1.1%
64.4%
31.1%
47.1%
50.4%
1.5%
98.2%
97.2%
6.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2016
6.6%
5.9%
3.8%
2.9%
65.7%
27.6%
53.8%
45.3%
0.0%
98.3%
99.1%
4.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2017
9.7%
3.6%
4.4%
6.8%
53.2%
35.6%
62.5%
36.9%
0.1%
98.9%
99.1%
7.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3500
2018
7.5%
4.9%
4.9%
6.8%
55.0%
33.2%
61.2%
37.2%
0.4%
98.5%
98.0%
10.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1975
100.0%
7.6%
92.4%
99.4%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1976
100.0%
6.9%
93.1%
99.0%
0.4%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1977
100.0%
3.3%
96.7%
99.1%
0.5%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1978
100.0%
3.0%
86.5%
10.4%
98.4%
0.9%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1979
94.7%
2.2%
87.4%
10.4%
94.8%
2.8%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1980
2.3%
86.7%
0.9%
59.1%
40.1%
83.0%
2.5%
4.9%
9.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1981
0.9%
88.0%
0.9%
16.3%
82.8%
75.3%
1.2%
10.3%
13.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1982
1.3%
87.6%
10.4%
89.6%
70.0%
1.8%
18.7%
9.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1983
1.3%
86.2%
5.4%
94.6%
55.7%
2.0%
38.0%
4.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1984
1.1%
86.2%
4.2%
95.8%
53.9%
2.1%
41.1%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1985
0.0%
86.9%
0.1%
5.2%
94.8%
52.7%
3.8%
41.4%
2.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1986
0.7%
99.1%
0.2%
7.3%
92.5%
46.8%
48.3%
4.4%
0.5%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1987
0.4%
98.5%
3.6%
8.5%
87.9%
44.7%
50.9%
3.2%
1.2%
4.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1988
0.3%
93.4%
1.6%
5.8%
92.7%
22.8%
75.0%
2.2%
5.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1989
0.0%
91.1%
2.5%
5.0%
92.5%
2.0%
84.4%
13.6%
4.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1990
0.1%
66.7%
1.8%
2.6%
95.5%
95.3%
4.6%
0.1%
10.5%
5.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1991
0.9%
60.5%
1.9%
2.6%
95.4%
86.8%
12.9%
0.4%
10.4%
6.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1992
1.9%
56.8%
1.6%
1.2%
97.3%
94.8%
5.2%
20.5%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1993
0.7%
60.1%
0.9%
2.0%
97.1%
95.7%
4.3%
31.4%
8.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1994
0.2%
54.2%
0.8%
1.8%
97.3%
100.0%
41.7%
6.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1995
0.6%
54.7%
1.2%
2.5%
96.4%
99.6%
0.4%
41.9%
6.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1996
0.7%
47.7%
1.1%
1.8%
97.1%
99.8%
0.2%
48.3%
4.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1997
0.9%
48.4%
1.0%
99.0%
99.8%
0.2%
48.2%
7.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1998
4.4%
45.2%
1.2%
98.8%
99.6%
0.4%
54.9%
12.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
1999
3.8%
41.1%
1.5%
98.5%
99.6%
0.4%
59.5%
11.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2000
4.0%
40.3%
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
52.2%
13.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2001
12.9%
35.7%
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
60.3%
19.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2002
15.7%
32.4%
2.5%
97.3%
0.2%
100.0%
70.5%
23.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2003
16.8%
37.0%
3.1%
96.0%
0.9%
100.0%
77.5%
26.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2004
17.1%
22.0%
3.7%
95.8%
0.5%
99.9%
0.1%
82.2%
47.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2005
13.3%
33.3%
4.1%
93.0%
2.9%
99.4%
0.6%
78.7%
44.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2006
10.4%
37.1%
3.9%
0.0%
93.3%
2.8%
99.8%
0.2%
76.5%
56.6%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2007
12.1%
23.3%
3.4%
89.3%
7.3%
99.9%
0.1%
75.1%
70.4%
3.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2008
12.4%
27.3%
3.8%
0.0%
92.4%
3.8%
5.8%
94.1%
0.2%
75.6%
65.9%
1.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2009
13.6%
26.3%
2.2%
0.1%
89.1%
8.6%
11.1%
88.7%
0.2%
76.1%
81.6%
4.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2010
11.8%
36.8%
4.8%
0.7%
84.3%
10.1%
17.4%
82.4%
0.1%
81.7%
84.0%
4.7%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-16
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2011
1478
0.123
28.3
18.6
27.0
22.6
0.0
0.0
393.2
47.6
111.5
207
262
7.3
1.282
0.0656
45.9
2558
5116
56.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2012
1387
0.103
29.4
19.3
28.2
23.5
0.0
0.0
378.1
47.9
111.4
203
273
6.9
1.359
0.0683
48.6
2707
5414
54.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2013
1744
0.115
31.5
20.7
29.7
25.0
0.0
0.0
355.4
48.0
111.5
191
268
7.0
1.430
0.0669
53.7
3001
6001
57.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2014
1735
0.112
31.5
20.6
29.5
24.9
0.0
0.0
356.7
48.2
111.7
190
271
6.9
1.463
0.0677
52.1
2917
5834
53.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2015
1746
0.104
32.0
20.9
29.9
25.2
0.0
0.0
352.9
48.2
111.9
186
271
6.9
1.511
0.0679
52.3
44.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2016
1487
0.091
32.3
21.1
30.2
25.4
0.0
0.0
349.1
48.1
111.8
183
270
6.9
1.532
0.0676
53.8
47.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2017
1595
0.094
34.2
22.5
31.6
27.0
0.0
0.0
327.9
48.0
111.4
175
263
6.9
1.564
0.0658
63.0
44.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2018
0.107
37.1
24.2
33.2
28.6
0.0
0.0
298.8
48.3
112.0
168
262
6.7
1.623
0.0655
70.4
36.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1975
1791
0.175
14.3
11.1
13.7
12.2
785.9
641.0
731.1
347
158
0.455
0.0351
27.7
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1976
2223
0.180
15.7
12.3
15.1
13.4
717.2
586.0
663.3
346
157
0.454
0.0349
30.4
2.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1977
3496
0.248
16.5
13.0
15.6
14.1
677.6
565.5
631.4
118.7
346
157
0.454
0.0349
31.9
1680
3780
1.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1978
1997
0.138
16.3
12.6
16.1
13.9
702.9
551.2
638.8
123.8
356
161
13.1
0.453
0.0358
31.6
1739
3912
2.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1979
1528
0.110
16.5
12.8
15.9
14.0
691.5
560.4
636.4
127.6
353
157
13.5
0.445
0.0349
31.9
1808
4068
4.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1980
363
0.032
19.0
14.4
19.0
16.2
630.0
477.0
566.5
137.3
350
137
15.1
0.394
0.0305
37.3
2273
5115
7.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1981
318
0.030
20.4
15.4
20.9
17.5
600.9
442.7
536.0
137.1
343
127
15.8
0.374
0.0282
40.4
2459
5532
8.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1982
183
0.019
21.0
15.8
21.6
17.9
587.2
430.5
522.4
148.3
323
127
16.7
0.401
0.0283
41.5
2696
6067
6.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1983
188
0.018
19.9
14.8
20.8
17.0
607.6
430.4
529.8
146.6
311
143
13.9
0.463
0.0318
38.7
2512
5651
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1984
185
0.013
20.2
15.1
21.0
17.3
591.3
424.5
517.3
152.0
308
148
13.5
0.482
0.0329
39.0
2630
5918
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1985
104
0.007
21.0
15.6
22.1
18.0
570.0
401.7
494.7
160.2
306
150
13.2
0.490
0.0333
40.5
2884
6490
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1986
101
0.007
21.5
15.9
22.5
18.3
557.8
390.4
485.2
156.5
308
150
12.8
0.485
0.0333
41.5
2903
6532
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1987
78
0.005
22.3
16.3
23.5
19.0
545.4
377.8
468.1
160.2
306
140
13.4
0.458
0.0311
42.7
3043
6846
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1988
105
0.007
22.6
16.6
23.3
19.2
532.6
379.8
462.5
144.8
305
144
13.4
0.474
0.0321
43.4
2797
6293
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1989
87
0.006
21.8
16.0
22.2
18.4
552.8
397.8
482.6
141.1
306
151
12.7
0.494
0.0336
41.7
2638
5936
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1990
67
0.005
20.3
14.8
20.9
17.2
594.9
419.0
517.1
130.1
322
179
10.8
0.555
0.0397
39.2
2306
5189
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1991
73
0.006
20.9
15.0
21.7
17.7
587.7
400.6
503.5
133.6
312
201
10.1
0.648
0.0448
40.2
2445
5500
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1992
113
0.009
22.1
15.5
23.3
18.6
570.0
377.5
477.9
137.2
334
191
10.0
0.587
0.0424
42.1
2590
5828
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1993
85
0.006
22.1
15.4
23.8
18.7
577.4
372.2
476.4
141.4
339
187
9.5
0.567
0.0416
42.1
2658
5981
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1994
88
0.006
22.4
15.6
23.4
18.8
565.9
377.5
473.5
136.8
344
255
7.6
0.747
0.0567
42.5
2602
5854
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1995
111
0.007
22.4
15.6
23.2
18.7
567.5
381.8
474.1
127.7
310
257
7.8
0.867
0.0572
42.3
2413
5429
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1996
96
0.007
22.9
15.8
23.8
19.1
562.8
371.7
465.2
131.5
324
260
8.1
0.826
0.0579
43.1
2525
5681
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1997
37
0.003
22.2
15.5
22.1
18.4
570.3
401.3
483.5
109.0
257
272
7.9
1.061
0.0604
41.5
2025
4557
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1998
30
0.002
22.0
15.3
22.0
18.2
579.4
404.0
487.9
100.0
272
288
7.7
1.065
0.0641
41.1
1842
4144
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1999
24
0.002
22.2
15.3
21.9
18.3
577.9
405.0
486.8
93.1
264
278
7.9
1.066
0.0619
41.2
1722
3873
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2000
67
0.004
21.9
15.1
21.5
18.0
586.5
411.7
493.4
114.8
281
288
7.3
1.026
0.0640
40.6
2080
4679
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2001
78
0.005
22.0
15.0
21.6
18.0
589.4
410.7
493.2
117.3
270
284
7.3
1.070
0.0631
40.7
2122
4774
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2002
95
0.006
22.3
15.2
21.6
18.2
583.4
409.6
488.7
123.6
274
267
7.8
0.990
0.0594
41.0
2254
5072
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2003
278
0.018
23.2
15.5
22.9
18.9
572.8
386.7
469.9
128.6
279
255
8.1
0.919
0.0567
42.6
2443
5496
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2004
317
0.020
22.9
15.2
22.7
18.7
585.5
390.3
476.3
132.6
267
252
8.1
0.956
0.0560
42.1
2477
5574
14.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2005
355
0.022
23.1
15.4
22.4
18.7
576.6
395.6
474.6
132.1
283
272
7.7
0.967
0.0605
42.2
2481
5582
13.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2006
371
0.025
22.6
14.9
22.3
18.4
592.8
397.3
483.2
132.0
289
296
7.3
1.030
0.0658
41.5
2436
5482
15.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2007
328
0.022
22.5
14.8
22.3
18.3
595.7
396.3
484.8
124.9
295
312
7.1
1.060
0.0694
41.5
2301
5178
13.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2008
297
0.021
22.4
14.7
22.2
18.2
600.3
398.5
487.6
51.2
122.0
284
303
7.3
1.079
0.0674
41.2
2236
5030
3.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2009
183
0.020
23.3
15.4
22.9
18.9
574.3
385.4
470.0
50.3
115.1
280
316
6.9
1.149
0.0702
42.8
2201
4953
8.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-17
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2011
13.7%
29.8%
3.9%
0.8%
87.5%
7.7%
21.9%
77.5%
0.5%
84.5%
94.1%
2.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2012
13.0%
32.0%
4.1%
2.0%
82.9%
11.0%
38.2%
61.7%
98.8%
99.6%
7.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2013
15.8%
26.9%
3.3%
1.6%
81.1%
13.9%
43.9%
56.0%
99.0%
99.3%
14.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2014
16.4%
30.3%
3.6%
1.1%
80.2%
15.1%
47.5%
51.9%
0.3%
98.7%
97.9%
11.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2015
23.9%
31.5%
3.8%
1.7%
80.6%
13.9%
49.9%
48.6%
1.4%
98.3%
97.2%
8.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2016
22.6%
29.6%
3.2%
1.5%
79.2%
16.1%
52.5%
47.2%
0.1%
97.5%
99.6%
7.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2017
26.9%
28.6%
3.1%
3.2%
69.1%
24.6%
53.6%
43.9%
0.2%
94.5%
97.1%
12.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4000
2018
28.7%
34.5%
2.7%
11.1%
67.2%
19.1%
54.1%
34.9%
0.5%
87.7%
89.3%
10.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1975
99.1%
0.6%
99.4%
98.4%
1.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1976
98.0%
0.1%
99.9%
97.7%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1977
98.7%
0.1%
99.9%
98.4%
1.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1978
97.3%
87.1%
12.9%
95.3%
3.1%
1.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1979
95.6%
0.0%
90.7%
9.3%
91.1%
3.4%
5.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1980
92.5%
0.0%
45.8%
54.2%
71.3%
0.0%
28.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1981
91.4%
38.3%
61.7%
26.1%
29.7%
44.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1982
93.7%
0.0%
0.1%
99.8%
54.7%
45.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1983
98.6%
0.0%
100.0%
87.7%
12.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1984
99.4%
0.0%
100.0%
95.8%
4.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1985
99.9%
0.0%
100.0%
98.9%
0.0%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1986
100.0%
0.0%
8.7%
91.2%
91.3%
8.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1987
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
99.9%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1988
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
97.1%
2.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1989
100.0%
0.0%
3.8%
96.2%
92.0%
8.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1990
100.0%
15.6%
84.4%
48.9%
20.5%
30.5%
4.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1991
100.0%
0.7%
17.2%
82.1%
26.2%
73.8%
11.6%
3.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1992
100.0%
0.2%
10.2%
89.6%
12.2%
87.8%
5.0%
5.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1993
100.0%
0.2%
3.8%
96.0%
10.6%
89.4%
9.3%
3.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1994
100.0%
0.2%
6.3%
93.6%
100.0%
8.9%
7.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1995
0.5%
99.5%
0.5%
17.1%
82.4%
100.0%
35.3%
6.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1996
0.4%
99.6%
0.4%
9.0%
90.6%
100.0%
23.6%
15.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1997
100.0%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
97.7%
79.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1998
0.0%
100.0%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
95.7%
99.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
1999
100.0%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
100.0%
61.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2000
1.0%
99.0%
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
96.6%
26.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2001
11.4%
88.6%
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
94.6%
34.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2002
6.9%
93.1%
0.7%
99.3%
100.0%
61.6%
20.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2003
3.6%
96.4%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
22.6%
8.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2004
7.2%
78.5%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
44.2%
18.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2005
9.6%
76.5%
0.4%
0.4%
99.3%
100.0%
33.2%
16.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2006
9.9%
74.2%
0.1%
0.4%
99.4%
100.0%
41.9%
19.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2007
8.0%
78.7%
0.1%
0.2%
99.6%
100.0%
52.3%
21.8%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2008
19.3%
76.9%
0.8%
0.9%
98.3%
6.0%
94.0%
51.6%
34.3%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2009
27.8%
63.3%
5.6%
1.1%
93.3%
12.2%
87.8%
59.3%
68.7%
0.3%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-18
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2010
221
0.020
24.1
15.9
23.7
19.6
555.7
372.4
454.3
50.5
117.5
267
315
7.0
1.214
0.0700
44.3
2315
5210
3.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2011
326
0.027
24.8
16.4
24.4
20.1
537.6
362.2
441.9
50.8
116.4
259
323
6.8
1.288
0.0719
45.7
2368
5328
7.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2012
246
0.018
25.7
16.9
25.2
20.8
0.0
0.0
426.4
50.8
114.1
262
356
6.2
1.397
0.0791
48.9
2488
5597
1.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2013
308
0.020
26.9
17.6
26.4
21.8
0.0
0.0
403.0
51.1
115.5
256
357
6.2
1.436
0.0793
56.5
2918
6565
3.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2014
360
0.023
27.7
18.2
26.9
22.3
0.0
0.0
395.2
50.8
114.0
245
342
6.3
1.438
0.0760
56.1
2859
6433
1.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2015
275
0.016
26.4
17.2
26.0
21.3
0.0
0.0
415.5
51.5
115.4
251
360
6.1
1.484
0.0800
50.7
2603
5858
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2016
287
0.018
26.8
17.5
26.2
21.6
0.0
0.0
410.8
51.4
115.1
250
367
6.0
1.518
0.0816
50.4
2579
5803
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2017
201
0.012
26.5
17.3
26.2
21.4
0.0
0.0
414.2
51.7
115.5
244
366
6.0
1.586
0.0813
49.2
2524
5678
5.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2018
0.020
29.6
19.4
28.1
23.6
0.0
0.0
364.7
51.1
114.3
241
383
5.7
1.621
0.0852
67.3
3402
7655
3.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1975
1505
0.147
12.9
10.0
12.5
11.0
876.4
702.6
808.9
388
166
0.429
0.0333
27.8
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1976
1495
0.121
14.6
11.5
13.9
12.5
770.1
639.2
713.3
378
166
0.440
0.0333
31.2
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1977
1051
0.074
14.1
10.9
13.8
12.1
807.5
642.9
737.4
129.7
387
175
0.453
0.0351
30.3
1571
3927
3.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1978
477
0.033
14.6
11.1
14.5
12.4
794.7
608.0
714.7
132.3
403
179
13.1
0.445
0.0358
31.3
1663
4157
4.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1979
182
0.013
14.4
11.1
14.2
12.3
797.8
628.1
729.5
126.5
396
169
13.5
0.426
0.0339
31.3
1587
3968
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1980
2
0.000
12.5
9.9
11.9
10.7
897.8
741.3
832.8
121.9
382
156
14.5
0.409
0.0313
26.8
1320
3299
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1981
2
0.000
11.7
9.3
11.1
10.0
958.2
798.7
889.6
122.2
387
156
14.5
0.402
0.0311
25.1
1231
3078
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1982
2
0.000
11.2
CO
CO
10.6
9.5
1009.8
837.0
935.0
121.4
378
176
14.6
0.482
0.0353
23.8
1160
2900
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1983
1
0.000
11.5
9.1
10.9
9.8
978.3
811.7
904.8
126.4
373
157
14.2
0.426
0.0314
24.6
1246
3115
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1984
2
0.000
11.2
CO
CO
10.6
9.5
1006.9
832.9
931.7
122.1
374
176
13.4
0.485
0.0351
23.9
1171
2928
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1985
1
0.000
10.9
8.5
10.3
9.2
1037.7
864.4
961.2
113.5
394
187
12.5
0.494
0.0375
23.1
1050
2626
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1986
1
0.000
10.7
8.3
10.2
9.1
1061.5
873.8
978.2
114.2
378
205
11.4
0.574
0.0409
22.8
1039
2598
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1987
1
0.000
11.4
9.0
10.6
9.7
986.1
835.8
920.3
113.0
410
191
11.8
0.466
0.0382
24.2
1095
2738
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1988
1
0.000
12.3
9.5
11.7
10.4
932.6
759.9
852.3
112.0
408
207
11.3
0.509
0.0413
26.1
1170
2925
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1989
1
0.000
12.4
9.5
11.7
10.4
932.9
760.4
851.2
112.9
410
206
10.9
0.502
0.0411
26.1
1180
2950
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1990
0
0.000
10.9
8.2
10.7
9.2
1084.1
832.4
963.1
95.9
326
240
9.4
0.736
0.0480
23.1
885
2212
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1991
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1992
10
0.001
17.3
12.8
16.7
14.5
694.0
535.7
620.9
126.0
283
297
8.3
1.041
0.0594
36.8
1851
4628
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1993
16
0.001
18.9
13.9
18.3
15.8
634.2
484.7
563.3
125.8
247
263
8.3
1.072
0.0526
39.7
1996
4989
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1994
11
0.001
20.4
14.6
20.2
17.0
607.4
438.1
526.6
124.5
254
266
8.2
1.051
0.0532
43.0
2142
5354
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1995
16
0.001
19.6
14.1
19.0
16.3
627.5
467.4
547.8
119.6
284
298
7.9
1.048
0.0595
40.9
1962
4904
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1996
7
0.001
19.9
13.9
20.3
16.6
636.0
437.2
534.2
125.5
286
303
7.7
1.058
0.0605
41.7
2093
5232
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1997
10
0.001
20.2
14.0
20.5
16.8
631.2
433.8
529.4
125.1
288
304
7.7
1.057
0.0608
42.1
2108
5269
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1998
6
0.000
20.2
14.0
20.2
16.7
632.1
440.0
531.5
126.1
283
299
8.0
1.059
0.0598
41.9
2114
5286
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1999
8
0.001
19.7
13.6
19.5
16.3
649.4
452.0
546.7
124.0
290
307
7.8
1.060
0.0613
40.8
2030
5075
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2000
1
0.000
18.3
12.4
18.8
15.2
716.6
471.7
585.0
120.1
325
324
7.1
0.996
0.0648
38.0
1827
4567
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2001
1
0.000
18.2
12.3
18.7
15.1
724.5
475.6
588.7
120.1
327
325
7.0
0.995
0.0650
37.7
1814
4534
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2002
0
0.000
19.1
13.5
17.7
15.5
658.9
503.0
572.7
121.2
303
302
7.5
0.997
0.0604
38.8
1880
4700
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2003
1
0.000
20.3
13.3
21.0
16.8
665.9
422.7
530.1
122.5
364
429
5.8
1.179
0.0858
41.9
2053
5133
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2004
54
0.003
21.7
14.9
20.3
17.5
597.7
436.9
507.2
164.2
218
253
8.9
1.161
0.0506
43.8
2880
7200
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2005
70
0.004
21.7
14.7
20.6
17.5
605.3
431.4
506.6
164.1
218
254
CO
CO
1.163
0.0508
43.9
2883
7207
30.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2006
25
0.002
21.5
14.6
20.3
17.4
607.9
438.1
511.8
162.4
224
264
CO
CO
1.172
0.0528
43.5
2828
7069
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2007
30
0.002
20.9
13.7
21.0
17.1
644.7
422.4
520.0
143.8
281
319
7.4
1.119
0.0638
42.9
2478
6196
1.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2008
24
0.002
20.2
13.4
20.0
16.5
655.9
441.7
537.7
54.2
134.6
308
370
6.7
1.189
0.0740
41.6
2253
5633
1.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-19
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2010
41.3%
55.1%
5.4%
0.6%
93.9%
0.1%
24.3%
75.7%
62.9%
75.2%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2011
39.5%
52.9%
2.8%
0.6%
96.6%
0.1%
42.6%
56.4%
1.0%
70.7%
81.6%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2012
43.2%
55.3%
4.6%
2.7%
92.7%
58.2%
39.7%
0.9%
74.3%
90.2%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2013
50.0%
47.0%
4.1%
7.5%
88.0%
0.4%
53.1%
40.7%
0.4%
71.0%
89.0%
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2014
45.6%
52.8%
2.8%
6.7%
90.6%
0.0%
58.0%
34.0%
3.7%
77.0%
90.8%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2015
43.6%
55.0%
5.2%
4.6%
90.2%
0.0%
58.4%
38.5%
1.4%
75.6%
95.1%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2016
51.8%
47.5%
4.4%
3.5%
91.9%
0.2%
56.6%
41.1%
1.4%
73.4%
97.7%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2017
53.3%
41.0%
2.0%
2.4%
95.4%
0.2%
59.4%
40.1%
76.0%
91.9%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4500
2018
59.7%
37.1%
2.4%
14.5%
82.9%
0.2%
52.9%
34.7%
0.3%
68.8%
82.7%
2.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1975
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1976
99.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1977
96.7%
100.0%
99.3%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1978
95.1%
85.9%
14.1%
98.7%
0.4%
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1979
100.0%
100.0%
90.0%
0.9%
9.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1980
100.0%
100.0%
93.3%
6.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1981
100.0%
100.0%
42.6%
57.4%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1982
100.0%
85.8%
14.2%
14.2%
44.2%
41.5%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1983
100.0%
93.5%
6.5%
6.5%
19.3%
74.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1984
100.0%
84.2%
15.8%
15.8%
37.4%
46.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1985
100.0%
83.7%
16.3%
16.3%
83.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1986
100.0%
69.4%
30.6%
30.6%
69.4%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1987
100.0%
98.2%
1.8%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1988
100.0%
95.1%
4.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1989
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1990
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1991
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1992
100.0%
100.0%
89.1%
10.9%
89.1%
89.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
93.5%
59.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1994
100.0%
100.0%
94.0%
6.0%
94.0%
65.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1995
100.0%
100.0%
97.3%
2.7%
97.3%
97.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
92.0%
93.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.3%
98.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2004
98.1%
1.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2005
67.6%
1.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2006
94.6%
5.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
6.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2007
90.7%
8.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2008
68.8%
30.1%
100.0%
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
18.2%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-20
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2009
17
0.002
21.2
14.1
21.0
17.3
627.7
420.6
513.1
53.3
121.9
304
402
5.9
1.333
0.0804
43.6
2123
5308
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2010
22
0.002
21.6
14.4
21.1
17.5
611.5
418.8
506.4
54.0
121.3
296
390
6.0
1.327
0.0780
44.3
2148
5370
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2011
22
0.002
22.1
14.7
21.7
18.0
599.1
406.9
492.8
54.2
123.5
283
391
6.0
1.393
0.0782
45.4
2239
5598
4.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2012
27
0.002
22.7
14.9
22.4
18.4
596.5
394.7
484.4
54.5
123.5
275
446
5.5
1.626
0.0893
46.4
2293
5731
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2013
31
0.002
24.1
15.7
24.2
19.6
565.4
367.1
453.8
54.2
122.5
270
449
5.4
1.673
0.0898
49.2
2413
6033
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2014
39
0.003
26.3
17.1
26.1
21.3
0.0
0.0
413.0
54.6
123.1
264
460
5.3
1.752
0.0919
61.3
3007
7517
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2015
70
0.004
32.2
20.9
31.7
26.0
0.0
0.0
317.9
54.5
121.4
274
435
5.1
1.636
0.0869
105.8
5110
12775
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2016
58
0.004
39.2
25.9
37.4
31.4
0.0
0.0
244.4
54.1
120.7
273
409
5.0
1.607
0.0819
141.1
6790
16974
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2017
65
0.004
38.3
25.4
36.5
30.7
0.0
0.0
252.6
53.8
120.0
251
369
4.7
1.748
0.0738
136.7
6562
16404
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2018
0.004
35.7
23.0
33.2
27.9
0.0
0.0
283.5
54.2
120.7
216
375
4.8
1.963
0.0751
98.5
4737
11843
6.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1975
828
0.081
12.2
9.4
11.8
10.4
937.8
750.5
857.2
458
208
0.454
0.0378
28.6
CO
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1976
934
0.076
13.3
10.4
12.7
11.3
850.8
700.3
785.4
460
204
0.443
0.0370
31.2
7.4%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1977
298
0.021
12.6
9.6
12.6
10.8
919.4
704.8
824.6
131.8
447
194
0.435
0.0353
29.7
1421
3908
15.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1978
134
0.009
12.8
9.7
12.9
10.9
912.4
686.3
814.8
130.7
445
191
13.3
0.429
0.0348
30.1
1437
3951
33.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1979
2
0.000
11.0
CO
CO
10.1
9.4
1004.5
877.2
949.9
112.7
417
174
13.8
0.417
0.0317
25.8
1060
2916
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1980
0
0.000
10.7
8.6
9.8
9.1
1029.0
900.9
976.0
100.7
412
170
14.3
0.413
0.0309
25.2
922
2534
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1981
0
0.000
10.5
8.3
9.9
8.9
1069.9
898.7
995.8
98.8
412
170
14.3
0.413
0.0309
24.6
888
2442
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1982
0
0.000
10.1
8.0
9.5
8.6
1109.5
933.9
1030.5
92.5
412
170
15.3
0.413
0.0309
23.7
798
2194
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1983
0
0.000
10.9
8.5
10.7
9.3
1051.3
830.0
951.8
92.3
412
170
14.0
0.413
0.0309
25.7
862
2370
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1984
0
0.000
11.0
8.5
10.7
9.3
1050.5
828.6
950.6
92.6
412
170
13.9
0.413
0.0309
25.7
866
2382
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1985
0
0.000
11.0
8.5
10.8
9.4
1050.5
826.2
949.6
92.5
412
170
13.7
0.413
0.0309
25.7
866
2382
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1986
0
0.000
11.0
8.4
10.7
9.3
1054.8
831.2
952.8
92.4
412
170
13.1
0.413
0.0309
25.7
861
2369
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1987
0
0.000
10.9
8.5
10.3
9.2
1039.5
860.7
962.3
92.0
412
187
12.6
0.454
0.0340
25.5
854
2348
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1988
0
0.000
12.2
9.4
11.4
10.3
943.7
777.1
865.5
91.3
412
205
11.9
0.498
0.0373
28.2
937
2578
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1989
1
0.000
12.5
9.6
11.9
10.5
929.3
746.3
843.1
103.8
412
259
10.2
0.630
0.0472
29.0
1098
3018
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1990
1
0.000
13.1
10.0
12.5
11.0
891.0
713.6
805.9
107.2
412
250
9.7
0.607
0.0455
30.3
1182
3251
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1991
1
0.000
13.2
10.0
12.4
11.0
890.0
714.6
804.7
107.5
412
238
10.1
0.577
0.0432
30.4
1187
3264
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1992
0
0.000
14.1
10.2
14.4
11.9
868.3
617.4
745.6
107.2
412
258
9.1
0.625
0.0468
32.8
1280
3519
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1993
1
0.000
15.6
11.5
15.1
13.0
765.3
586.8
681.1
126.5
374
290
8.4
0.777
0.0527
36.1
1678
4614
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1994
3
0.000
17.7
12.8
17.3
14.7
687.6
513.1
603.0
141.3
356
262
8.4
0.735
0.0476
40.8
2106
5792
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1995
3
0.000
18.2
13.2
17.6
15.1
669.4
502.3
586.9
143.1
355
252
CO
CO
0.712
0.0459
41.8
2186
6011
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1996
3
0.000
17.8
13.1
16.7
14.7
677.9
530.3
602.8
155.8
357
261
9.0
0.734
0.0475
40.6
2311
6357
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1997
1
0.000
18.1
12.6
18.4
15.1
697.7
476.9
589.9
149.9
315
312
8.0
1.011
0.0567
42.0
2328
6403
73.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1998
2
0.000
17.0
11.4
18.9
14.4
782.1
469.2
617.8
142.7
287
303
8.5
1.062
0.0551
39.6
2060
5666
94.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1999
0
0.000
14.9
10.4
14.9
12.4
856.2
594.7
716.5
98.1
412
349
7.2
0.847
0.0635
34.1
1216
3345
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2000
2
0.000
18.1
12.6
17.5
14.9
702.5
506.6
597.4
160.0
284
279
8.5
0.984
0.0507
41.0
2390
6573
92.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2001
0
0.000
16.1
11.3
15.3
13.2
784.3
579.2
672.2
123.3
328
322
7.4
0.982
0.0585
36.4
1630
4482
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2002
0
0.000
16.1
11.3
15.3
13.2
788.3
581.2
673.9
120.5
328
322
7.5
0.982
0.0585
36.3
1589
4371
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2003
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2004
4
0.000
18.8
12.5
18.9
15.4
700.5
465.6
575.6
123.8
309
391
6.8
1.268
0.0711
43.0
1952
5368
11.6%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2005
5
0.000
16.7
11.0
17.3
13.9
796.7
510.6
641.1
107.8
347
491
5.7
1.409
0.0894
38.6
1529
4205
5.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2006
21
0.001
19.9
13.6
18.7
16.1
646.1
473.4
551.9
157.1
245
295
7.9
1.213
0.0536
44.6
2559
7037
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2007
15
0.001
20.5
13.9
19.4
16.6
635.8
460.9
541.5
154.1
243
314
8.0
1.275
0.0571
46.3
2619
7203
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-21
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2009
58.1%
41.9%
100.0%
33.0%
67.0%
100.0%
63.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2010
73.4%
26.6%
100.0%
30.5%
69.5%
100.0%
100.0%
6.6%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2011
68.0%
27.7%
100.0%
73.6%
26.4%
100.0%
95.4%
3.6%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2012
60.1%
39.9%
100.0%
83.2%
12.9%
3.8%
100.0%
96.0%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2013
64.7%
35.3%
100.0%
84.4%
13.9%
1.7%
100.0%
98.3%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2014
66.5%
33.5%
6.4%
93.6%
82.2%
9.1%
3.0%
94.4%
91.3%
2.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2015
74.7%
25.3%
28.0%
72.0%
66.9%
3.9%
1.2%
72.1%
70.9%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2016
76.9%
23.1%
44.6%
55.4%
51.7%
3.6%
0.2%
55.5%
55.3%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2017
72.2%
27.8%
43.5%
56.5%
54.6%
3.4%
58.0%
58.0%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
5000
2018
70.9%
22.9%
32.9%
66.6%
0.6%
51.6%
17.8%
69.5%
69.5%
2.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1975
91.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1976
92.6%
100.0%
97.1%
2.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1977
84.1%
100.0%
96.9%
3.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1978
66.3%
100.0%
70.0%
30.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1980
100.0%
100.0%
95.0%
5.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1981
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1983
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1984
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1985
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1986
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1987
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1988
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1989
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1990
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1991
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1992
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1993
100.0%
43.1%
56.9%
71.8%
28.2%
43.1%
43.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1994
100.0%
7.6%
92.4%
100.0%
7.6%
7.6%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1997
26.8%
100.0%
100.0%
73.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1998
5.9%
100.0%
100.0%
94.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2000
7.9%
100.0%
100.0%
92.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2003
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2004
76.2%
12.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
88.4%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2005
85.4%
CO
CT1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
94.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2006
98.4%
1.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
78.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2007
91.6%
CO
100.0%
89.8%
10.2%
100.0%
75.6%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-22
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2008
12
0.001
21.6
14.9
19.6
17.3
587.4
455.6
520.6
56.3
146.8
246
320
7.8
1.284
0.0582
48.3
2576
7083
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2009
4
0.000
20.6
14.1
19.2
16.6
625.4
467.2
541.2
57.3
149.9
249
318
7.7
1.269
0.0578
46.2
2537
6976
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2010
1
0.000
18.7
12.4
18.8
15.4
697.4
468.9
577.4
54.8
118.0
381
550
4.9
1.444
0.1000
43.0
1852
5092
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2011
0
0.000
20.2
13.5
20.3
16.7
630.3
434.5
533.5
52.4
110.9
344
543
5.2
1.559
0.0987
46.9
1897
5217
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2012
4
0.000
31.7
22.9
25.8
24.5
269.7
326.3
363.3
54.6
98.0
363
451
5.6
1.511
0.0820
79.1
2794
7685
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2013
1
0.000
21.4
13.9
22.3
17.7
630.6
395.7
502.9
49.8
105.9
303
515
5.2
1.738
0.0937
49.1
1891
5200
4.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2014
1
0.000
21.0
13.6
22.1
17.4
644.0
400.3
509.8
51.6
107.4
333
519
5.2
1.605
0.0944
48.3
1886
5185
9.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2015
2
0.000
21.1
13.9
21.7
17.5
619.4
405.3
509.0
53.4
109.8
332
538
5.0
1.683
0.0978
48.8
1942
5339
3.4%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2016
3
0.000
22.4
14.7
23.1
18.5
512.5
347.3
479.4
55.4
119.8
325
498
5.1
1.572
0.0906
58.2
2535
6971
2.5%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2017
2
0.000
26.4
17.4
26.5
21.6
388.5
284.0
411.0
54.2
116.5
283
468
5.0
1.705
0.0852
74.0
3184
8756
1.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2018
0.000
29.6
20.1
25.3
22.8
251.9
316.0
362.3
54.6
118.1
218
385
4.9
1.825
0.0700
66.8
2813
7736
2.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1975
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1976
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1977
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1978
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1979
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1980
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1981
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1982
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1983
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1984
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1985
0
0.000
10.1
8.0
9.5
8.6
1109.5
933.9
1030.5
157.5
412
170
14.4
0.413
0.0283
25.9
1358
4075
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1986
0
0.000
10.1
8.0
9.5
8.6
1114.0
936.7
1033.1
157.5
412
170
13.8
0.413
0.0283
25.8
1355
4065
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1987
0
0.000
10.4
8.3
9.5
CO
CO
1071.5
930.0
1007.0
157.5
412
173
13.8
0.420
0.0288
26.5
1391
4174
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1988
0
0.000
11.8
9.3
10.8
10.0
952.6
821.4
891.0
157.5
412
205
12.5
0.498
0.0342
29.9
1571
4713
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1989
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1990
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1991
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1992
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1993
1
0.000
17.6
13.0
16.8
14.7
681.4
529.7
605.8
145.5
350
175
11.4
0.500
0.0292
44.0
2135
6404
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1994
0
0.000
13.9
9.9
14.2
11.7
893.9
627.9
759.7
90.6
412
241
9.2
0.585
0.0402
35.1
1060
3180
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1995
0
0.000
13.9
9.9
14.2
11.7
901.8
625.2
760.6
90.6
412
280
8.7
0.679
0.0466
35.1
1059
3176
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1996
0
0.000
14.9
10.5
15.0
12.5
844.5
591.5
713.7
88.9
412
350
7.8
0.850
0.0583
37.4
1106
3319
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1997
0
0.000
14.9
10.5
15.0
12.4
848.5
593.5
715.2
88.9
412
350
7.8
0.850
0.0583
37.3
1104
3312
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1998
0
0.000
14.9
10.4
14.9
12.4
852.5
595.6
716.7
88.9
412
350
8.0
0.850
0.0583
37.2
1102
3305
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1999
2
0.000
19.3
13.3
19.2
15.9
666.6
462.0
557.2
145.8
279
300
8.9
1.075
0.0500
47.8
2325
6976
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2000
1
0.000
15.0
10.4
14.8
12.4
855.2
598.6
716.5
112.8
412
350
7.6
0.850
0.0583
37.2
1399
4198
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2001
3
0.000
17.6
12.2
17.1
14.4
724.3
518.7
615.3
168.6
303
289
8.6
0.961
0.0481
43.6
2474
7422
81.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2002
2
0.000
17.6
12.1
17.1
14.4
727.7
517.7
615.2
155.7
297
294
8.7
0.990
0.0490
43.6
2278
6833
86.8%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2003
2
0.000
18.2
12.3
18.1
15.0
718.8
487.9
592.8
157.3
287
286
CO
CO
0.992
0.0476
45.2
2379
7138
93.9%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2004
1
0.000
18.5
12.3
18.5
15.2
715.1
473.3
585.2
149.9
294
295
8.6
0.998
0.0492
46.1
2318
6955
88.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2005
1
0.000
17.3
11.7
16.9
14.2
746.6
517.7
627.5
138.4
313
320
8.2
1.013
0.0533
43.3
2019
6058
74.5%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2006
3
0.000
15.4
10.0
16.3
12.8
886.4
544.2
692.3
114.9
369
545
5.4
1.478
0.0908
38.6
1477
4431
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-23
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2008
94.3%
5.7%
100.0%
3.3%
87.2%
9.5%
100.0%
88.0%
18.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2009
87.9%
12.1%
100.0%
15.3%
76.0%
8.7%
100.0%
89.2%
5.4%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2010
33.0%
67.0%
91.5%
8.5%
55.3%
44.7%
100.0%
100.0%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2011
63.8%
36.2%
66.2%
33.8%
33.8%
66.2%
100.0%
63.8%
33.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2012
30.9%
69.1%
66.6%
31.7%
1.7%
100.0%
100.0%
97.5%
68.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2013
91.0%
4.3%
91.4%
CO
CT1
46.2%
53.8%
100.0%
100.0%
CO
CT1
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2014
52.7%
38.2%
94.0%
6.0%
72.2%
27.8%
100.0%
100.0%
6.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2015
30.2%
66.4%
97.5%
2.5%
55.6%
44.4%
100.0%
100.0%
10.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2016
23.1%
74.4%
98.5%
1.5%
44.7%
55.3%
100.0%
100.0%
16.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2017
40.7%
57.5%
100.0%
81.5%
18.5%
100.0%
100.0%
34.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5500
2018
60.9%
37.0%
56.9%
35.5%
7.6%
62.8%
37.2%
100.0%
100.0%
64.5%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1975
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1976
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1977
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1978
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1979
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1980
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1981
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1982
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1983
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1984
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1985
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1986
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1987
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1988
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1989
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1990
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1991
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1992
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1993
100.0%
100.0%
0.5%
99.5%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1994
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2001
18.4%
100.0%
100.0%
81.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2002
13.2%
100.0%
100.0%
86.8%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2003
6.1%
100.0%
100.0%
93.9%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2004
11.4%
100.0%
100.0%
88.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2005
25.5%
100.0%
100.0%
74.5%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2006
92.9%
7.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
92.9%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-24
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2007
5
0.000
16.2
10.7
16.9
13.5
827.0
526.4
659.0
111.2
348
514
6.1
1.451
0.0857
40.6
1520
4561
24.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2008
3
0.000
16.4
10.8
17.0
13.6
817.7
522.7
652.8
49.6
112.5
342
505
6.3
1.445
0.0842
41.0
1553
4660
28.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2009
2
0.000
16.4
11.0
16.4
13.5
803.9
541.1
657.7
50.7
124.1
331
438
6.9
1.287
0.0729
40.7
1696
5087
46.4%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2010
2
0.000
17.1
11.4
17.2
14.1
776.5
517.7
631.8
51.9
116.7
335
412
7.1
1.207
0.0687
42.3
1656
4968
44.9%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2011
3
0.000
18.1
12.2
18.2
15.0
725.6
485.7
591.3
52.5
120.8
354
472
6.3
1.310
0.0786
45.2
1829
5486
34.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2012
2
0.000
17.9
11.8
18.9
15.1
745.8
468.6
590.2
54.6
112.9
387
548
5.2
1.423
0.0914
45.3
1715
5146
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2013
3
0.000
19.6
13.0
20.9
16.5
678.7
421.6
537.2
51.7
122.6
309
488
5.9
1.606
0.0813
50.0
2056
6169
24.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2014
4
0.000
19.6
13.0
20.8
16.5
677.3
425.7
537.3
51.6
122.2
311
482
5.9
1.561
0.0803
49.9
2041
6122
28.8%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2015
4
0.000
20.3
13.3
21.4
17.0
664.4
412.2
522.9
51.3
110.0
276
453
6.3
1.667
0.0755
51.1
1872
5616
36.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2016
3
0.000
20.3
13.4
21.3
17.0
659.9
414.8
523.5
51.3
107.6
291
466
6.1
1.621
0.0777
51.2
31.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2017
3
0.000
20.1
13.2
20.6
16.6
665.4
428.8
535.3
51.3
109.3
291
448
6.3
1.559
0.0747
50.2
39.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2018
0.000
19.9
13.2
20.3
16.5
604.4
426.6
533.9
55.6
116.3
312
502
5.5
1.647
0.0837
50.8
23.4%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1975
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1976
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1977
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1978
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1979
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1980
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1981
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1982
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1983
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1984
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1985
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1986
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1987
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1988
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1989
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1990
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1991
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1992
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1993
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1994
0
0.000
13.6
9.8
13.7
11.4
909.6
648.5
777.8
140.2
412
241
9.6
0.585
0.0371
37.1
1602
5206
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1995
0
0.000
13.6
9.7
13.7
11.4
913.7
650.7
779.4
140.2
412
241
9.8
0.585
0.0371
37.1
1599
5196
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1996
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1997
0
0.000
14.9
10.7
14.5
12.4
828.6
614.8
716.8
140.1
412
241
10.2
0.585
0.0371
40.3
1737
5646
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1998
0
0.000
13.8
9.7
13.9
11.5
918.4
639.9
771.2
140.1
412
300
9.2
0.728
0.0462
37.5
1615
5248
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1999
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2000
0
0.000
15.2
10.6
15.1
12.6
840.7
588.2
704.2
88.9
412
325
8.3
0.789
0.0500
41.0
1121
3644
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2001
0
0.000
15.2
10.5
15.1
12.6
844.8
590.3
705.7
88.9
412
377
7.6
0.914
0.0580
40.9
1119
3636
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2002
0
0.000
15.2
10.5
15.0
12.6
848.9
592.4
707.2
88.9
412
325
8.3
0.789
0.0500
40.8
1116
3629
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2003
0
0.000
15.2
10.4
14.9
12.5
853.1
594.6
708.8
88.9
412
325
8.3
0.789
0.0500
40.8
1114
3621
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2004
0
0.000
18.9
12.7
18.9
15.6
702.0
470.7
571.5
133.2
281
234
10.4
0.833
0.0360
50.5
2072
6734
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2005
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-25
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2007
68.9%
6.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
68.9%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2008
69.8%
1.6%
100.0%
100.0%
98.4%
69.8%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2009
42.1%
11.5%
100.0%
100.0%
94.6%
42.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2010
39.3%
15.8%
100.0%
15.8%
84.2%
100.0%
84.7%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2011
22.2%
43.2%
100.0%
35.0%
65.0%
91.8%
65.4%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2012
48.4%
51.6%
100.0%
40.2%
59.8%
88.5%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2013
52.4%
23.5%
100.0%
72.8%
27.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2014
60.1%
11.1%
100.0%
54.1%
45.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2015
49.3%
14.1%
100.0%
85.2%
14.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2016
48.7%
19.7%
100.0%
80.5%
19.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2017
32.2%
28.2%
100.0%
90.4%
9.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6000
2018
40.3%
36.3%
10.5%
89.5%
87.0%
13.0%
100.0%
100.0%
10.5%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1975
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1976
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1977
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1978
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1979
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1980
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1981
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1982
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1983
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1984
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1985
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1986
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1987
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1988
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1989
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1990
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1991
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1992
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1993
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1994
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1996
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
1999
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2005
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-26
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2006
2
0.000
17.9
12.0
17.5
14.6
737.9
508.8
607.3
144.4
279
275
9.4
0.986
0.0423
47.6
2113
6869
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2007
3
0.000
19.1
12.7
19.0
15.6
701.7
468.4
568.8
129.7
281
234
10.5
0.833
0.0360
50.8
2027
6587
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2008
1
0.000
16.6
11.0
16.7
13.7
798.0
528.9
649.7
54.0
131.8
323
375
8.0
1.136
0.0578
44.8
1834
5959
59.4%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2009
0
0.000
16.6
11.1
16.5
13.7
791.5
538.3
650.3
52.4
135.0
308
345
8.3
1.094
0.0530
44.6
1865
6060
73.5%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2010
0
0.000
14.5
9.5
15.3
12.1
939.3
581.0
735.1
54.0
102.0
411
503
5.8
1.224
0.0773
39.3
1233
4008
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2011
1
0.000
18.9
12.6
18.9
15.6
702.1
469.7
570.4
55.9
129.9
284
253
10.2
0.882
0.0389
50.7
2027
6588
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2012
0
0.000
15.5
10.4
15.9
12.9
857.4
560.1
688.0
67.0
128.0
359
603
5.4
1.681
0.0928
42.0
1654
5374
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2013
0
0.000
16.3
10.9
18.0
14.0
817.1
493.5
633.4
58.7
112.0
413
487
5.6
1.178
0.0749
45.6
1574
5115
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2014
0
0.000
16.4
10.9
18.0
14.0
816.9
493.4
633.2
58.8
113.3
413
486
5.6
1.178
0.0748
45.7
1592
5175
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2015
0
0.000
16.7
11.1
18.2
14.3
800.0
487.9
622.9
59.6
112.1
411
474
5.8
1.152
0.0729
46.4
1601
5203
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2016
0
0.000
17.2
11.3
18.1
14.4
786.1
489.8
617.3
57.7
112.2
414
516
5.4
1.247
0.0794
46.8
1616
5253
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2017
0
0.000
17.1
11.2
18.0
14.2
795.2
493.8
623.7
58.3
112.3
414
516
5.4
1.246
0.0794
46.3
1601
5204
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2018
0.000
17.2
11.3
18.1
14.3
788.9
492.2
619.8
57.1
112.1
415
530
5.3
1.277
0.0815
46.6
1607
5223
Car SUV
2500
1975
Car SUV
2500
1976
Car SUV
2500
1977
Car SUV
2500
1978
Car SUV
2500
1979
Car SUV
2500
1980
Car SUV
2500
1981
Car SUV
2500
1982
11
0.001
23.6
20.7
19.1
19.9
429.1
466.0
445.8
151
84
17.5
0.556
0.0336
24.9
Car SUV
2500
1983
13
0.001
23.2
20.4
18.7
19.6
436.0
476.0
454.2
151
87
15.6
0.580
0.0350
24.5
Car SUV
2500
1984
3
0.000
22.6
19.7
18.3
19.1
450.9
484.8
466.2
150
93
14.8
0.620
0.0372
23.8
Car SUV
2500
1985
Car SUV
2500
1986
Car SUV
2500
1987
Car SUV
2500
1988
Car SUV
2500
1989
Car SUV
2500
1990
2
0.000
32.2
25.6
27.8
26.7
346.5
319.5
333.3
97
80
13.3
0.825
0.0320
33.3
Car SUV
2500
1991
12
0.001
30.7
24.3
26.4
25.3
364.6
336.7
351.3
94
77
13.8
0.827
0.0310
31.7
Car SUV
2500
1992
17
0.001
29.6
23.3
25.3
24.3
379.8
350.6
366.1
96
79
13.7
0.826
0.0316
30.4
Car SUV
2500
1993
19
0.001
29.3
23.0
24.9
23.9
386.1
355.6
371.4
96
79
12.9
0.825
0.0318
30.0
Car SUV
2500
1994
27
0.002
29.0
22.6
24.6
23.6
393.0
360.5
377.0
97
80
12.8
0.829
0.0322
29.5
Car SUV
2500
1995
19
0.001
29.7
22.7
25.4
24.0
390.8
349.7
369.9
97
81
13.1
0.835
0.0324
30.1
Car SUV
2500
1996
3
0.000
29.3
22.3
25.1
23.7
398.0
353.5
375.5
97
95
12.1
0.979
0.0380
29.6
Car SUV
2500
1997
4
0.000
28.4
21.6
23.9
22.8
410.7
370.6
389.9
97
95
12.6
0.979
0.0380
28.5
Car SUV
2500
1998
7
0.000
28.5
21.5
23.9
22.7
412.8
372.1
391.1
97
95
12.6
0.979
0.0380
28.4
Car SUV
2500
1999
Car SUV
2500
2000
Car SUV
2500
2001
Car SUV
2500
2002
Car SUV
2500
2003
Car SUV
2500
2004
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-27
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2008
40.6%
100.0%
100.0%
80.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2009
26.5%
100.0%
100.0%
84.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.4%
2.4%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
3.7%
3.7%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2013
100.0%
100.0%
35.4%
64.6%
35.4%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2014
100.0%
100.0%
35.7%
64.3%
35.7%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2015
100.0%
100.0%
59.9%
40.1%
59.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2016
100.0%
100.0%
17.8%
82.2%
17.8%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2017
100.0%
100.0%
18.2%
81.8%
18.2%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6500
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1975
Car SUV
2500
1976
Car SUV
2500
1977
Car SUV
2500
1978
Car SUV
2500
1979
Car SUV
2500
1980
Car SUV
2500
1981
Car SUV
2500
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1983
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1984
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1985
Car SUV
2500
1986
Car SUV
2500
1987
Car SUV
2500
1988
Car SUV
2500
1989
Car SUV
2500
1990
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1991
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1992
100.0%
72.6%
27.4%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1993
100.0%
66.4%
33.6%
6.7%
93.3%
Car SUV
2500
1994
100.0%
55.6%
44.4%
8.3%
91.7%
2.6%
Car SUV
2500
1995
100.0%
58.4%
41.6%
6.6%
93.4%
Car SUV
2500
1996
100.0%
66.6%
33.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1997
100.0%
27.2%
72.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1998
100.0%
52.5%
47.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2500
1999
Car SUV
2500
2000
Car SUV
2500
2001
Car SUV
2500
2002
Car SUV
2500
2003
Car SUV
2500
2004
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-28
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
2500
2005
Car SUV
2500
2006
Car SUV
2500
2007
Car SUV
2500
2008
Car SUV
2500
2009
Car SUV
2500
2010
Car SUV
2500
2011
Car SUV
2500
2012
Car SUV
2500
2013
Car SUV
2500
2014
Car SUV
2500
2015
Car SUV
2500
2016
Car SUV
2500
2017
Car SUV
2500
2018
Car SUV
2750
1975
Car SUV
2750
1976
Car SUV
2750
1977
Car SUV
2750
1978
Car SUV
2750
1979
9
0.001
20.8
17.5
17.7
17.6
509.0
501.9
505.8
121
80
17.8
0.661
0.0291
24.2
Car SUV
2750
1980
Car SUV
2750
1981
Car SUV
2750
1982
Car SUV
2750
1983
Car SUV
2750
1984
Car SUV
2750
1985
Car SUV
2750
1986
Car SUV
2750
1987
Car SUV
2750
1988
Car SUV
2750
1989
Car SUV
2750
1990
Car SUV
2750
1991
Car SUV
2750
1992
4
0.000
29.2
22.8
25.3
24.0
389.5
350.9
370.2
97
95
12.3
0.979
0.0345
33.0
Car SUV
2750
1993
2
0.000
29.1
22.5
25.2
23.8
394.1
352.4
373.1
97
95
11.5
0.979
0.0345
32.8
Car SUV
2750
1994
3
0.000
28.0
21.8
23.8
22.8
407.3
373.5
390.2
97
95
12.5
0.979
0.0345
31.3
Car SUV
2750
1995
1
0.000
27.7
21.6
23.1
22.4
410.6
384.0
396.7
97
95
13.4
0.979
0.0345
30.8
Car SUV
2750
1996
18
0.001
28.8
21.7
25.0
23.3
410.0
353.6
381.7
102
100
12.4
0.980
0.0365
32.1
21.1%
Car SUV
2750
1997
2
0.000
29.6
21.7
26.4
24.0
408.6
337.1
371.0
115
113
11.3
0.982
0.0411
32.9
71.7%
Car SUV
2750
1998
0
0.000
29.3
21.4
25.8
23.5
415.0
344.3
377.4
97
95
13.7
0.979
0.0345
32.4
Car SUV
2750
1999
2
0.000
31.0
22.9
26.3
24.6
388.2
338.0
361.1
97
97
12.3
1.001
0.0354
33.8
1.4%
Car SUV
2750
2000
1
0.000
31.1
22.8
26.3
24.6
389.4
338.4
361.6
97
97
11.8
1.000
0.0353
33.8
Car SUV
2750
2001
0
0.000
31.0
22.7
26.0
24.4
391.6
341.4
364.0
122
97
11.4
0.795
0.0353
33.6
Car SUV
2750
2002
Car SUV
2750
2003
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-29
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
2500
2005
Car SUV
2500
2006
Car SUV
2500
2007
Car SUV
2500
2008
Car SUV
2500
2009
Car SUV
2500
2010
Car SUV
2500
2011
Car SUV
2500
2012
Car SUV
2500
2013
Car SUV
2500
2014
Car SUV
2500
2015
Car SUV
2500
2016
Car SUV
2500
2017
Car SUV
2500
2018
Car SUV
2750
1975
Car SUV
2750
1976
Car SUV
2750
1977
Car SUV
2750
1978
Car SUV
2750
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
1980
Car SUV
2750
1981
Car SUV
2750
1982
Car SUV
2750
1983
Car SUV
2750
1984
Car SUV
2750
1985
Car SUV
2750
1986
Car SUV
2750
1987
Car SUV
2750
1988
Car SUV
2750
1989
Car SUV
2750
1990
Car SUV
2750
1991
Car SUV
2750
1992
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
1994
100.0%
40.1%
59.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
1996
78.9%
54.4%
45.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
1997
28.3%
48.5%
51.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
1999
98.6%
100.0%
100.0%
4.1%
Car SUV
2750
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
2750
2002
Car SUV
2750
2003
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-30
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
2750
2004
Car SUV
2750
2005
Car SUV
2750
2006
Car SUV
2750
2007
Car SUV
2750
2008
Car SUV
2750
2009
Car SUV
2750
2010
Car SUV
2750
2011
Car SUV
2750
2012
Car SUV
2750
2013
Car SUV
2750
2014
Car SUV
2750
2015
Car SUV
2750
2016
Car SUV
2750
2017
Car SUV
2750
2018
Car SUV
3000
1975
Car SUV
3000
1976
Car SUV
3000
1977
Car SUV
3000
1978
Car SUV
3000
1979
Car SUV
3000
1980
Car SUV
3000
1981
Car SUV
3000
1982
1
0.000
25.8
20.0
25.0
22.0
442.8
354.4
403.9
173
110
15.1
0.636
0.0367
33.1
Car SUV
3000
1983
Car SUV
3000
1984
1
0.000
28.3
21.9
27.6
24.1
406.0
321.8
368.2
121
83
16.5
0.686
0.0276
36.2
Car SUV
3000
1985
5
0.000
23.4
18.6
21.9
19.9
474.3
401.0
446.2
158
107
14.1
0.678
0.0356
30.2
Car SUV
3000
1986
2
0.000
25.7
20.2
24.0
21.8
439.1
367.5
408.3
151
117
12.5
0.774
0.0390
32.8
Car SUV
3000
1987
2
0.000
26.4
20.6
24.7
22.3
430.1
359.3
397.9
150
117
12.2
0.780
0.0390
33.5
Car SUV
3000
1988
1
0.000
26.3
20.5
24.2
22.1
431.0
366.5
402.0
150
117
12.4
0.780
0.0390
33.3
Car SUV
3000
1989
1
0.000
24.9
19.0
23.5
20.9
465.1
377.7
424.3
150
117
11.9
0.780
0.0390
31.4
Car SUV
3000
1990
1
0.000
25.0
19.0
23.4
20.9
465.7
379.4
424.8
150
117
11.1
0.780
0.0390
31.4
Car SUV
3000
1991
0
0.000
23.3
17.8
21.2
19.3
498.0
419.2
459.4
150
130
10.4
0.867
0.0433
29.0
Car SUV
3000
1992
1
0.000
24.8
18.6
23.2
20.6
477.9
383.9
431.4
150
130
10.4
0.867
0.0433
30.9
Car SUV
3000
1993
3
0.000
25.2
19.2
22.5
20.7
463.8
394.3
428.9
150
130
9.5
0.867
0.0433
31.1
Car SUV
3000
1994
7
0.000
25.6
19.2
23.0
21.0
461.3
385.1
423.5
135
120
10.2
0.899
0.0400
31.5
Car SUV
3000
1995
5
0.000
27.9
20.9
24.8
22.7
424.1
359.0
390.7
89
82
14.0
0.913
0.0272
34.1
Car SUV
3000
1996
25
0.002
28.7
21.1
25.8
23.3
418.4
340.9
380.8
121
115
11.8
0.961
0.0385
35.2
56.4%
Car SUV
3000
1997
137
0.009
28.0
20.5
25.0
22.7
432.1
354.5
392.3
130
127
10.9
0.979
0.0424
34.1
50.1%
Car SUV
3000
1998
35
0.002
29.7
21.6
26.5
23.9
411.6
334.2
371.2
118
121
11.8
1.024
0.0404
36.0
80.4%
Car SUV
3000
1999
38
0.002
29.9
21.7
26.3
23.9
409.3
337.1
371.1
123
127
11.4
1.033
0.0423
36.0
72.8%
Car SUV
3000
2000
35
0.002
29.7
21.4
26.0
23.7
414.3
341.1
375.1
122
127
10.9
1.044
0.0423
35.6
60.7%
Car SUV
3000
2001
67
0.004
29.7
21.3
25.7
23.5
416.7
343.7
377.5
122
140
10.1
1.146
0.0466
35.4
61.0%
Car SUV
3000
2002
63
0.004
30.6
21.5
27.0
24.2
413.8
328.3
366.9
121
146
10.0
1.206
0.0488
36.4
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-31
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
2750
2004
Car SUV
2750
2005
Car SUV
2750
2006
Car SUV
2750
2007
Car SUV
2750
2008
Car SUV
2750
2009
Car SUV
2750
2010
Car SUV
2750
2011
Car SUV
2750
2012
Car SUV
2750
2013
Car SUV
2750
2014
Car SUV
2750
2015
Car SUV
2750
2016
Car SUV
2750
2017
Car SUV
2750
2018
Car SUV
3000
1975
Car SUV
3000
1976
Car SUV
3000
1977
Car SUV
3000
1978
Car SUV
3000
1979
Car SUV
3000
1980
Car SUV
3000
1981
Car SUV
3000
1982
100.0%
65.4%
34.6%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1983
Car SUV
3000
1984
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1985
100.0%
39.2%
60.8%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1986
100.0%
63.1%
36.9%
5.4%
94.6%
Car SUV
3000
1987
100.0%
87.0%
13.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1988
100.0%
88.5%
11.5%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1989
100.0%
86.3%
13.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1990
100.0%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1991
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1992
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1994
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
28.8%
Car SUV
3000
1995
100.0%
100.0%
53.8%
46.2%
Car SUV
3000
1996
43.6%
37.3%
62.7%
100.0%
82.0%
Car SUV
3000
1997
49.9%
41.4%
16.0%
42.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1998
19.6%
23.7%
76.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
1999
27.2%
17.9%
82.1%
100.0%
79.5%
Car SUV
3000
2000
39.3%
13.4%
86.6%
100.0%
60.7%
Car SUV
3000
2001
39.0%
20.1%
79.9%
100.0%
61.0%
61.0%
Car SUV
3000
2002
9.6%
90.4%
100.0%
83.0%
83.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-32
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
3000
2003
54
0.003
29.9
20.9
26.1
23.5
424.3
339.5
377.4
122
143
10.0
1.171
0.0476
35.4
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2004
40
0.003
30.9
21.5
26.8
24.2
413.6
331.9
367.5
144
161
9.2
1.118
0.0537
36.3
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2005
41
0.003
30.9
21.3
26.7
24.1
416.5
333.4
369.2
144
161
9.2
1.118
0.0537
36.1
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2006
Car SUV
3000
2007
Car SUV
3000
2008
Car SUV
3000
2009
Car SUV
3000
2010
Car SUV
3000
2011
Car SUV
3000
2012
Car SUV
3000
2013
Car SUV
3000
2014
Car SUV
3000
2015
Car SUV
3000
2016
54
0.003
41.4
28.0
34.0
31.1
317.3
261.7
285.8
43.2
110
140
9.7
1.281
0.0467
46.7
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2017
0
0.000
37.5
24.8
33.9
29.3
357.8
262.3
303.4
42.9
85
160
8.2
1.873
0.0533
43.9
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2018
0.000
37.5
24.7
33.1
28.9
359.6
268.8
307.8
42.9
85
160
8.2
1.873
0.0533
43.3
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
1975
Car SUV
3500
1976
0
0.000
14.3
11.4
13.3
12.2
779.9
668.6
729.9
350
161
0.459
0.0459
21.3
Car SUV
3500
1977
Car SUV
3500
1978
Car SUV
3500
1979
Car SUV
3500
1980
Car SUV
3500
1981
Car SUV
3500
1982
0
0.000
16.6
14.6
13.4
14.0
609.9
662.4
633.5
173
110
17.4
0.636
0.0314
24.5
Car SUV
3500
1983
21
0.002
25.1
19.0
25.4
21.4
466.3
349.6
414.8
170
109
15.3
0.640
0.0311
37.6
Car SUV
3500
1984
46
0.003
23.5
17.8
24.0
20.1
500.2
369.7
441.6
173
110
15.1
0.636
0.0314
35.2
Car SUV
3500
1985
82
0.006
23.5
17.6
24.4
20.1
504.8
364.2
442.3
172
109
15.1
0.634
0.0311
35.2
Car SUV
3500
1986
57
0.004
22.1
17.0
21.6
18.8
520.6
410.5
472.2
171
121
13.5
0.711
0.0346
33.0
Car SUV
3500
1987
93
0.006
22.8
17.1
23.0
19.4
519.3
385.0
458.5
179
131
13.1
0.729
0.0374
34.0
Car SUV
3500
1988
108
0.007
22.7
17.0
22.5
19.2
520.2
393.3
462.4
200
142
12.3
0.718
0.0405
33.7
Car SUV
3500
1989
107
0.007
22.7
17.0
22.0
19.1
520.2
402.1
465.2
226
148
11.4
0.667
0.0422
33.5
Car SUV
3500
1990
57
0.005
22.4
16.8
21.7
18.8
527.7
409.2
471.8
216
148
10.7
0.698
0.0423
33.0
Car SUV
3500
1991
82
0.007
21.8
16.8
19.8
18.1
527.2
442.9
490.0
207
130
12.6
0.632
0.0372
31.9
Car SUV
3500
1992
76
0.006
20.9
15.9
19.1
17.3
557.0
457.0
512.6
205
151
11.1
0.732
0.0431
30.5
Car SUV
3500
1993
78
0.006
20.3
15.3
18.7
16.8
579.6
467.7
528.6
211
160
10.1
0.751
0.0457
29.5
Car SUV
3500
1994
75
0.005
21.4
15.9
19.9
17.7
557.8
444.4
502.3
201
161
9.9
0.812
0.0461
31.0
Car SUV
3500
1995
34
0.002
20.1
14.4
19.7
16.7
614.9
450.7
531.5
241
189
8.6
0.785
0.0540
29.3
0.9%
Car SUV
3500
1996
63
0.005
21.6
15.6
20.6
17.8
566.7
429.9
498.7
224
183
9.3
0.826
0.0522
31.3
Car SUV
3500
1997
33
0.002
22.2
16.1
20.6
18.2
548.2
429.8
489.3
194
166
10.1
0.891
0.0476
31.9
8.9%
Car SUV
3500
1998
71
0.005
24.0
17.3
22.0
19.5
503.3
401.9
455.4
169
151
11.1
0.929
0.0430
34.6
27.0%
Car SUV
3500
1999
84
0.006
24.3
17.5
22.0
19.7
499.0
402.9
451.9
163
156
10.8
1.005
0.0445
34.7
30.0%
Car SUV
3500
2000
88
0.005
24.0
17.4
21.3
19.3
505.0
415.6
460.5
151
150
10.7
1.043
0.0429
34.0
29.9%
Car SUV
3500
2001
215
0.014
24.6
17.4
22.3
19.8
502.1
396.9
449.1
160
166
9.9
1.061
0.0475
34.9
56.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-33
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
3000
2003
9.0%
91.0%
100.0%
75.8%
75.8%
Car SUV
3000
2004
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2005
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2006
Car SUV
3000
2007
Car SUV
3000
2008
Car SUV
3000
2009
Car SUV
3000
2010
Car SUV
3000
2011
Car SUV
3000
2012
Car SUV
3000
2013
Car SUV
3000
2014
Car SUV
3000
2015
Car SUV
3000
2016
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3000
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
1975
Car SUV
3500
1976
100.0%
15.6%
84.4%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
1977
Car SUV
3500
1978
Car SUV
3500
1979
Car SUV
3500
1980
Car SUV
3500
1981
Car SUV
3500
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
1983
100.0%
30.8%
69.2%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
1984
100.0%
21.4%
78.6%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
1985
100.0%
14.4%
85.6%
94.3%
5.7%
Car SUV
3500
1986
100.0%
16.1%
83.9%
13.5%
0.0%
86.5%
0.0%
Car SUV
3500
1987
100.0%
13.1%
86.9%
33.3%
66.7%
Car SUV
3500
1988
100.0%
23.9%
76.1%
48.7%
51.3%
Car SUV
3500
1989
100.0%
27.1%
72.9%
1.4%
45.0%
53.6%
Car SUV
3500
1990
100.0%
36.5%
63.5%
5.9%
61.8%
32.3%
Car SUV
3500
1991
100.0%
15.0%
85.0%
2.2%
24.2%
73.6%
Car SUV
3500
1992
100.0%
23.5%
76.5%
3.9%
60.0%
36.1%
Car SUV
3500
1993
100.0%
11.4%
88.6%
4.2%
66.1%
29.7%
Car SUV
3500
1994
100.0%
14.6%
33.8%
51.7%
98.4%
1.6%
Car SUV
3500
1995
99.1%
10.4%
89.6%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
1996
100.0%
12.2%
87.8%
100.0%
31.6%
Car SUV
3500
1997
91.1%
15.8%
84.2%
100.0%
44.4%
Car SUV
3500
1998
73.0%
29.7%
70.3%
100.0%
60.9%
Car SUV
3500
1999
70.0%
20.6%
79.4%
100.0%
68.1%
Car SUV
3500
2000
70.1%
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
77.4%
Car SUV
3500
2001
43.4%
7.6%
92.4%
100.0%
69.3%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-34
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
3500
2002
179
0.011
25.5
17.9
23.0
20.4
492.0
382.0
435.3
159
173
9.7
1.085
0.0495
36.0
80.6%
Car SUV
3500
2003
218
0.014
26.5
18.2
24.4
21.2
484.5
362.9
418.5
161
172
9.5
1.064
0.0490
37.3
98.4%
Car SUV
3500
2004
147
0.009
27.0
18.4
24.7
21.5
478.3
358.0
412.8
159
172
9.5
1.083
0.0492
37.9
96.7%
Car SUV
3500
2005
239
0.015
27.2
18.8
24.0
21.5
471.5
368.3
414.2
155
170
9.6
1.099
0.0485
37.7
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2006
262
0.017
28.3
19.5
25.0
22.3
454.8
354.0
399.2
148
163
10.0
1.104
0.0466
39.1
99.5%
Car SUV
3500
2007
288
0.019
29.0
19.8
25.8
22.9
446.8
342.2
388.8
144
159
10.3
1.104
0.0453
40.2
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2008
370
0.027
28.9
19.7
25.7
22.8
448.8
344.2
390.6
44.1
150
169
9.8
1.126
0.0483
39.9
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2009
260
0.028
29.9
20.2
26.9
23.6
437.5
330.1
377.3
44.2
152
179
9.1
1.175
0.0512
41.3
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2010
357
0.032
30.8
20.9
27.5
24.2
425.1
322.5
367.5
44.4
155
184
9.0
1.188
0.0526
42.4
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2011
491
0.041
31.3
21.1
27.8
24.5
420.1
318.5
363.1
44.3
150
177
9.2
1.179
0.0507
42.9
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2012
443
0.033
31.7
21.4
27.9
24.7
413.6
317.0
359.9
44.2
151
182
8.9
1.207
0.0521
43.3
99.3%
Car SUV
3500
2013
446
0.029
34.0
22.8
29.7
26.3
387.9
298.1
337.8
44.6
140
172
9.2
1.252
0.0491
46.1
99.6%
Car SUV
3500
2014
668
0.043
33.7
22.6
29.7
26.2
390.9
298.6
339.5
44.6
132
172
9.2
1.335
0.0492
46.0
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2015
727
0.043
35.5
23.9
30.7
27.3
370.2
288.0
324.9
44.6
136
170
9.2
1.287
0.0487
48.1
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2016
935
0.057
36.0
24.3
30.9
27.7
363.8
286.0
321.2
44.6
132
171
9.2
1.321
0.0487
48.7
90.6%
Car SUV
3500
2017
784
0.046
36.1
24.3
31.5
27.9
362.7
280.9
318.1
45.0
130
170
9.2
1.365
0.0485
49.2
95.0%
Car SUV
3500
2018
0.052
36.7
24.6
31.3
28.1
358.5
282.5
316.7
45.1
121
169
9.2
1.478
0.0483
49.3
95.5%
Car SUV
4000
1975
10
0.001
13.1
10.1
12.6
11.1
851.4
699.4
798.5
262
113
0.430
0.0282
22.6
Car SUV
4000
1976
11
0.001
12.3
9.3
12.5
10.5
889.9
691.3
843.0
261
122
0.467
0.0305
22.1
Car SUV
4000
1977
19
0.001
14.3
11.2
13.6
12.2
768.4
633.2
730.7
261
124
0.477
0.0311
25.1
Car SUV
4000
1978
16
0.001
13.6
10.4
13.5
11.6
828.9
647.7
767.9
262
126
14.2
0.481
0.0315
23.8
Car SUV
4000
1979
7
0.000
13.3
10.8
12.0
11.3
818.0
730.5
786.9
275
125
14.4
0.457
0.0312
22.8
Car SUV
4000
1980
0
0.000
17.2
13.9
15.5
14.6
631.4
572.1
609.7
280
122
16.1
0.436
0.0305
29.4
Car SUV
4000
1981
0
0.000
17.3
13.7
16.1
14.7
647.9
553.4
605.4
318
140
14.3
0.440
0.0350
29.4
Car SUV
4000
1982
1
0.000
19.3
15.2
18.3
16.4
585.3
486.9
541.0
250
115
17.7
0.460
0.0288
32.9
Car SUV
4000
1983
Car SUV
4000
1984
6
0.000
16.7
14.2
14.1
14.1
625.6
631.7
628.3
258
112
16.4
0.434
0.0280
28.3
Car SUV
4000
1985
Car SUV
4000
1986
Car SUV
4000
1987
Car SUV
4000
1988
Car SUV
4000
1989
Car SUV
4000
1990
6
0.000
20.9
16.1
19.1
17.4
548.7
465.2
509.6
173
143
12.3
0.828
0.0359
34.9
Car SUV
4000
1991
129
0.010
21.2
15.7
20.6
17.8
564.0
429.5
499.8
232
160
11.1
0.695
0.0401
35.7
Car SUV
4000
1992
144
0.012
20.9
15.4
20.1
17.4
574.2
440.6
510.2
229
164
10.8
0.716
0.0411
35.0
Car SUV
4000
1993
372
0.028
20.1
14.7
19.6
16.8
600.6
451.2
529.5
253
188
9.2
0.753
0.0471
33.8
Car SUV
4000
1994
221
0.016
21.1
15.5
20.2
17.5
573.5
439.2
506.8
229
176
9.6
0.773
0.0440
35.1
3.9%
Car SUV
4000
1995
161
0.011
21.0
15.2
20.1
17.4
580.9
440.8
511.5
227
173
10.1
0.770
0.0433
34.9
Car SUV
4000
1996
178
0.014
21.4
15.5
20.4
17.7
572.1
433.3
502.4
239
176
10.2
0.750
0.0441
35.5
Car SUV
4000
1997
184
0.013
21.1
15.2
19.9
17.4
580.3
444.4
511.7
236
184
9.9
0.791
0.0460
34.9
Car SUV
4000
1998
342
0.024
21.4
15.3
20.1
17.5
580.5
441.0
507.4
241
178
10.3
0.749
0.0446
35.1
Car SUV
4000
1999
364
0.024
21.9
15.6
20.3
17.8
568.4
436.3
498.6
231
178
10.4
0.789
0.0444
35.7
6.1%
Car SUV
4000
2000
493
0.030
21.3
15.1
19.8
17.4
585.3
447.4
512.0
229
181
9.8
0.810
0.0453
34.8
6.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-35
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
3500
2002
19.4%
12.1%
87.5%
0.4%
100.0%
95.2%
16.2%
Car SUV
3500
2003
1.6%
10.4%
78.0%
11.6%
100.0%
98.4%
13.1%
Car SUV
3500
2004
3.3%
14.9%
77.0%
8.1%
100.0%
100.0%
32.0%
Car SUV
3500
2005
10.0%
90.0%
100.0%
100.0%
12.8%
Car SUV
3500
2006
0.5%
7.2%
92.8%
100.0%
100.0%
38.4%
Car SUV
3500
2007
3.6%
96.4%
100.0%
100.0%
70.7%
2.6%
Car SUV
3500
2008
1.6%
90.0%
CO
100.0%
100.0%
60.7%
Car SUV
3500
2009
1.1%
86.9%
12.0%
100.0%
100.0%
80.9%
Car SUV
3500
2010
0.5%
87.8%
11.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2011
0.8%
85.0%
14.2%
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2012
0.7%
1.1%
73.1%
25.7%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2013
0.4%
1.1%
70.1%
28.8%
12.7%
87.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2014
1.6%
80.2%
18.2%
31.2%
68.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2015
1.3%
53.9%
44.8%
34.8%
65.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2016
9.4%
1.0%
0.9%
51.4%
46.7%
37.6%
62.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2017
5.0%
0.4%
1.1%
57.5%
41.0%
33.9%
66.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
3500
2018
4.5%
0.8%
69.5%
29.7%
49.0%
51.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1975
100.0%
68.3%
31.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1976
100.0%
70.6%
29.4%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1977
100.0%
82.5%
17.5%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1978
100.0%
84.2%
15.8%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1979
100.0%
90.6%
9.4%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1980
100.0%
3.9%
9.4%
86.8%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1981
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1983
Car SUV
4000
1984
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1985
Car SUV
4000
1986
Car SUV
4000
1987
Car SUV
4000
1988
Car SUV
4000
1989
Car SUV
4000
1990
100.0%
19.4%
80.6%
100.0%
Car SUV
4000
1991
100.0%
19.1%
0.3%
80.6%
69.8%
30.2%
Car SUV
4000
1992
100.0%
16.9%
83.1%
80.0%
20.0%
Car SUV
4000
1993
100.0%
6.8%
93.2%
99.7%
0.3%
Car SUV
4000
1994
96.1%
17.1%
82.9%
99.8%
0.2%
14.7%
Car SUV
4000
1995
100.0%
11.5%
88.5%
100.0%
26.2%
Car SUV
4000
1996
100.0%
8.7%
91.3%
100.0%
17.8%
Car SUV
4000
1997
100.0%
10.5%
89.5%
100.0%
21.0%
Car SUV
4000
1998
100.0%
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
14.1%
Car SUV
4000
1999
93.9%
4.1%
95.9%
100.0%
27.5%
6.1%
Car SUV
4000
2000
93.7%
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
24.5%
6.3%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-36
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
4000
2001
461
0.030
22.1
15.5
20.5
17.9
570.1
429.1
496.2
220
191
9.4
0.888
0.0479
36.0
24.6%
Car SUV
4000
2002
361
0.022
22.5
15.7
20.9
18.2
564.4
420.1
489.0
206
188
9.7
0.927
0.0469
36.7
35.3%
Car SUV
4000
2003
303
0.019
23.1
16.1
21.2
18.6
549.9
415.6
478.5
206
194
9.5
0.950
0.0485
37.4
36.4%
Car SUV
4000
2004
413
0.026
24.2
16.5
22.6
19.5
535.9
391.0
456.9
202
202
9.2
1.002
0.0505
39.1
68.8%
Car SUV
4000
2005
473
0.030
24.8
16.8
23.0
19.8
526.6
386.0
448.4
199
196
9.3
0.988
0.0491
39.8
68.0%
Car SUV
4000
2006
429
0.028
25.0
16.9
23.2
20.0
521.2
382.3
444.7
198
199
9.2
1.005
0.0497
40.2
75.5%
Car SUV
4000
2007
473
0.031
25.3
17.2
23.2
20.1
513.6
382.3
441.2
199
219
8.7
1.120
0.0548
40.5
84.3%
Car SUV
4000
2008
378
0.027
26.3
17.8
24.1
20.9
485.3
366.3
424.2
46.8
188
210
9.0
1.126
0.0526
42.4
86.9%
Car SUV
4000
2009
279
0.030
27.2
18.5
24.7
21.6
469.6
357.5
411.6
47.0
187
217
8.6
1.162
0.0542
43.7
94.9%
Car SUV
4000
2010
301
0.027
30.4
20.3
28.1
24.1
431.5
312.7
368.7
47.9
162
204
9.0
1.255
0.0510
48.8
87.0%
Car SUV
4000
2011
494
0.041
30.2
20.1
27.5
23.8
437.0
319.3
374.1
48.3
164
206
8.9
1.253
0.0516
48.0
85.0%
Car SUV
4000
2012
596
0.044
29.9
19.9
27.3
23.5
0.0
0.0
377.8
48.0
163
207
8.9
1.279
0.0517
47.6
76.9%
Car SUV
4000
2013
731
0.048
31.8
20.9
28.7
24.8
0.0
0.0
358.9
47.6
148
204
8.9
1.418
0.0511
49.8
93.5%
Car SUV
4000
2014
671
0.043
31.2
20.5
28.0
24.2
0.0
0.0
367.1
47.4
153
205
CO
CO
1.355
0.0514
48.8
92.1%
Car SUV
4000
2015
700
0.042
31.9
21.1
28.8
24.9
418.9
306.7
357.2
47.3
151
203
8.9
1.367
0.0508
50.0
92.7%
Car SUV
4000
2016
694
0.043
32.2
21.4
28.9
25.1
412.4
306.2
353.8
47.2
143
199
8.9
1.424
0.0498
50.5
83.6%
Car SUV
4000
2017
1003
0.059
32.5
21.5
29.2
25.3
411.7
302.7
351.2
47.0
135
197
9.0
1.510
0.0493
50.8
86.1%
Car SUV
4000
2018
0.038
33.0
22.1
28.8
25.5
400.5
308.1
350.1
46.4
134
194
9.0
1.502
0.0486
51.3
87.5%
Car SUV
4500
1975
Car SUV
4500
1976
Car SUV
4500
1977
Car SUV
4500
1978
Car SUV
4500
1979
Car SUV
4500
1980
Car SUV
4500
1981
Car SUV
4500
1982
Car SUV
4500
1983
Car SUV
4500
1984
Car SUV
4500
1985
Car SUV
4500
1986
Car SUV
4500
1987
Car SUV
4500
1988
Car SUV
4500
1989
Car SUV
4500
1990
Car SUV
4500
1991
Car SUV
4500
1992
Car SUV
4500
1993
Car SUV
4500
1994
Car SUV
4500
1995
Car SUV
4500
1996
Car SUV
4500
1997
Car SUV
4500
1998
Car SUV
4500
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-37
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
4000
2001
75.4%
3.4%
96.6%
100.0%
28.3%
7.3%
Car SUV
4000
2002
64.7%
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
55.7%
8.1%
Car SUV
4000
2003
63.6%
4.5%
87.7%
7.8%
100.0%
45.0%
14.3%
Car SUV
4000
2004
31.2%
3.1%
90.0%
6.8%
100.0%
62.1%
28.1%
Car SUV
4000
2005
22.1%
9.9%
0.5%
91.9%
7.7%
100.0%
44.2%
19.3%
0.9%
Car SUV
4000
2006
11.9%
12.6%
0.5%
90.4%
9.1%
100.0%
76.8%
20.9%
1.9%
Car SUV
4000
2007
7.0%
CO
CT1
0.7%
91.7%
7.6%
100.0%
66.3%
37.2%
1.5%
Car SUV
4000
2008
9.5%
3.6%
0.1%
94.2%
5.7%
5.3%
94.7%
74.6%
60.9%
5.7%
Car SUV
4000
2009
4.6%
0.5%
0.2%
81.6%
18.3%
2.8%
97.2%
87.3%
73.9%
5.9%
Car SUV
4000
2010
13.0%
0.1%
91.7%
8.2%
55.9%
44.1%
100.0%
99.8%
2.2%
Car SUV
4000
2011
13.1%
1.9%
0.5%
94.6%
5.0%
49.9%
50.1%
100.0%
99.6%
0.9%
Car SUV
4000
2012
17.6%
5.5%
0.1%
95.6%
4.3%
66.0%
33.9%
95.7%
95.7%
0.5%
Car SUV
4000
2013
6.5%
0.0%
97.8%
2.1%
79.0%
20.9%
99.9%
99.9%
Car SUV
4000
2014
7.9%
0.0%
96.5%
3.5%
74.6%
25.2%
99.8%
99.8%
Car SUV
4000
2015
7.0%
0.3%
98.4%
1.6%
70.1%
29.9%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Car SUV
4000
2016
13.5%
2.9%
6.7%
91.2%
2.1%
66.6%
33.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Car SUV
4000
2017
10.4%
3.5%
5.2%
94.7%
0.1%
78.7%
21.3%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Car SUV
4000
2018
CO
CO
3.7%
4.4%
90.9%
4.7%
65.7%
31.1%
3.1%
100.0%
96.9%
1.1%
Car SUV
4500
1975
Car SUV
4500
1976
Car SUV
4500
1977
Car SUV
4500
1978
Car SUV
4500
1979
Car SUV
4500
1980
Car SUV
4500
1981
Car SUV
4500
1982
Car SUV
4500
1983
Car SUV
4500
1984
Car SUV
4500
1985
Car SUV
4500
1986
Car SUV
4500
1987
Car SUV
4500
1988
Car SUV
4500
1989
Car SUV
4500
1990
Car SUV
4500
1991
Car SUV
4500
1992
Car SUV
4500
1993
Car SUV
4500
1994
Car SUV
4500
1995
Car SUV
4500
1996
Car SUV
4500
1997
Car SUV
4500
1998
Car SUV
4500
1999
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-38
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
4500
2000
Car SUV
4500
2001
Car SUV
4500
2002
Car SUV
4500
2003
Car SUV
4500
2004
39
0.002
21.0
14.1
20.3
17.1
628.1
435.4
520.8
238
281
7.8
1.187
0.0625
38.5
Car SUV
4500
2005
46
0.003
21.7
14.6
20.7
17.6
606.8
429.6
506.3
232
268
7.9
1.161
0.0597
39.5
Car SUV
4500
2006
46
0.003
21.5
14.6
20.3
17.4
609.1
436.2
511.3
232
265
8.0
1.145
0.0589
39.2
Car SUV
4500
2007
148
0.010
23.4
15.6
22.3
18.9
567.2
396.9
471.2
221
263
8.0
1.193
0.0585
42.5
66.1%
Car SUV
4500
2008
162
0.012
23.7
15.9
22.6
19.1
559.4
391.7
464.8
49.4
216
261
8.1
1.209
0.0580
43.1
65.1%
Car SUV
4500
2009
65
0.007
24.0
16.1
22.6
19.3
550.9
392.3
461.2
49.8
218
266
7.8
1.226
0.0592
43.4
55.2%
Car SUV
4500
2010
248
0.022
25.6
17.3
23.7
20.4
513.1
374.0
434.6
49.1
206
266
7.9
1.296
0.0590
46.1
73.8%
Car SUV
4500
2011
218
0.018
26.5
17.8
24.6
21.1
498.5
359.6
420.5
49.4
204
276
7.7
1.363
0.0613
47.7
72.4%
Car SUV
4500
2012
224
0.017
25.7
17.1
24.0
20.5
517.3
368.6
434.4
49.0
212
277
7.7
1.311
0.0616
46.2
59.2%
Car SUV
4500
2013
332
0.022
26.8
17.8
25.1
21.4
496.7
352.0
415.9
49.3
216
290
7.4
1.340
0.0644
48.3
72.0%
Car SUV
4500
2014
207
0.013
26.6
17.7
24.9
21.2
501.0
355.4
419.7
49.1
215
295
7.4
1.369
0.0655
47.8
66.2%
Car SUV
4500
2015
270
0.016
26.5
17.7
24.6
21.1
0.0
0.0
421.6
48.8
207
287
7.5
1.408
0.0637
47.6
59.1%
Car SUV
4500
2016
164
0.010
26.5
17.5
25.2
21.2
0.0
0.0
419.1
49.7
204
293
7.3
1.472
0.0652
48.1
70.4%
Car SUV
4500
2017
158
0.009
27.8
18.4
26.2
22.2
0.0
0.0
400.4
49.7
193
284
7.4
1.525
0.0632
50.3
72.1%
Car SUV
4500
2018
0.006
28.7
19.0
26.7
22.8
465.5
330.9
390.4
49.8
168
267
7.7
1.676
0.0594
51.4
84.2%
Car SUV
5000
1975
Car SUV
5000
1976
Car SUV
5000
1977
Car SUV
5000
1978
Car SUV
5000
1979
Car SUV
5000
1980
Car SUV
5000
1981
Car SUV
5000
1982
Car SUV
5000
1983
Car SUV
5000
1984
Car SUV
5000
1985
Car SUV
5000
1986
Car SUV
5000
1987
Car SUV
5000
1988
Car SUV
5000
1989
Car SUV
5000
1990
Car SUV
5000
1991
Car SUV
5000
1992
Car SUV
5000
1993
Car SUV
5000
1994
Car SUV
5000
1995
Car SUV
5000
1996
Car SUV
5000
1997
Car SUV
5000
1998
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-39
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
4500
2000
Car SUV
4500
2001
Car SUV
4500
2002
Car SUV
4500
2003
Car SUV
4500
2004
55.1%
44.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2005
100.0%
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2006
100.0%
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2007
33.9%
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
100.0%
27.7%
Car SUV
4500
2008
34.9%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
100.0%
32.5%
Car SUV
4500
2009
44.8%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
100.0%
42.8%
Car SUV
4500
2010
16.1%
10.1%
0.0%
98.6%
1.4%
28.6%
71.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2011
23.4%
4.2%
100.0%
39.1%
60.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2012
35.1%
5.8%
100.0%
47.1%
52.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2013
21.2%
6.8%
100.0%
26.9%
73.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2014
24.0%
9.9%
100.0%
40.6%
59.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2015
32.9%
CO
o
0.0%
100.0%
57.3%
42.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2016
28.1%
1.4%
0.0%
100.0%
59.7%
40.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2017
24.9%
3.0%
0.0%
100.0%
42.9%
57.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4500
2018
15.8%
100.0%
50.9%
49.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
1975
Car SUV
5000
1976
Car SUV
5000
1977
Car SUV
5000
1978
Car SUV
5000
1979
Car SUV
5000
1980
Car SUV
5000
1981
Car SUV
5000
1982
Car SUV
5000
1983
Car SUV
5000
1984
Car SUV
5000
1985
Car SUV
5000
1986
Car SUV
5000
1987
Car SUV
5000
1988
Car SUV
5000
1989
Car SUV
5000
1990
Car SUV
5000
1991
Car SUV
5000
1992
Car SUV
5000
1993
Car SUV
5000
1994
Car SUV
5000
1995
Car SUV
5000
1996
Car SUV
5000
1997
Car SUV
5000
1998
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-40
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
5000
1999
Car SUV
5000
2000
Car SUV
5000
2001
Car SUV
5000
2002
Car SUV
5000
2003
Car SUV
5000
2004
Car SUV
5000
2005
13
0.001
19.1
12.6
19.4
15.7
705.9
456.5
564.3
236
273
8.5
1.158
0.0546
39.4
Car SUV
5000
2006
15
0.001
20.7
13.7
20.5
16.9
647.2
433.3
525.5
235
272
8.6
1.160
0.0544
42.3
Car SUV
5000
2007
10
0.001
20.6
13.7
20.4
16.8
647.5
435.7
527.6
232
269
8.7
1.160
0.0537
42.2
Car SUV
5000
2008
14
0.001
20.9
13.9
20.3
17.0
637.3
438.2
524.2
50.2
228
265
CO
CO
1.165
0.0531
42.4
Car SUV
5000
2009
4
0.000
19.2
12.6
19.4
15.8
702.9
457.7
563.2
50.2
226
263
8.7
1.166
0.0526
39.5
Car SUV
5000
2010
8
0.001
33.6
24.7
26.0
25.4
326.3
338.0
349.8
47.9
200
260
7.4
1.319
0.0519
66.2
73.4%
Car SUV
5000
2011
4
0.000
32.3
23.3
25.3
24.4
342.5
346.7
363.9
48.3
198
263
7.6
1.358
0.0527
63.8
66.8%
Car SUV
5000
2012
2
0.000
40.3
31.1
27.5
28.9
285.6
322.8
307.1
48.0
211
245
7.6
1.164
0.0490
72.4
99.7%
Car SUV
5000
2013
5
0.000
40.4
31.2
27.5
29.0
285.1
322.6
306.5
48.0
211
245
7.5
1.162
0.0490
72.5
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
2014
19
0.001
23.5
15.8
22.2
18.9
545.7
398.3
469.2
48.9
219
264
8.4
1.204
0.0528
47.9
5.9%
Car SUV
5000
2015
4
0.000
40.3
31.2
27.5
29.0
285.2
322.6
306.5
48.0
211
245
7.6
1.162
0.0490
72.5
99.3%
Car SUV
5000
2016
6
0.000
25.3
17.0
23.6
20.2
499.6
374.5
439.2
49.0
219
302
7.7
1.382
0.0605
51.6
11.4%
Car SUV
5000
2017
Car SUV
5000
2018
Car SUV
5500
1975
Car SUV
5500
1976
Car SUV
5500
1977
Car SUV
5500
1978
Car SUV
5500
1979
Car SUV
5500
1980
Car SUV
5500
1981
Car SUV
5500
1982
Car SUV
5500
1983
Car SUV
5500
1984
Car SUV
5500
1985
Car SUV
5500
1986
Car SUV
5500
1987
Car SUV
5500
1988
Car SUV
5500
1989
Car SUV
5500
1990
Car SUV
5500
1991
Car SUV
5500
1992
Car SUV
5500
1993
Car SUV
5500
1994
Car SUV
5500
1995
Car SUV
5500
1996
Car SUV
5500
1997
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-41
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
5000
1999
Car SUV
5000
2000
Car SUV
5000
2001
Car SUV
5000
2002
Car SUV
5000
2003
Car SUV
5000
2004
Car SUV
5000
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
2006
90.0%
10.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
2007
94.4%
5.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
2008
96.8%
3.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
2009
97.0%
3.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
2010
26.6%
26.6%
73.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
73.4%
Car SUV
5000
2011
33.2%
33.2%
66.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
66.8%
Car SUV
5000
2012
0.3%
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
99.7%
Car SUV
5000
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
2014
94.1%
94.1%
5.9%
94.1%
5.9%
100.0%
100.0%
5.9%
Car SUV
5000
2015
0.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5000
2016
88.6%
88.6%
11.4%
88.6%
11.4%
100.0%
100.0%
11.4%
Car SUV
5000
2017
Car SUV
5000
2018
Car SUV
5500
1975
Car SUV
5500
1976
Car SUV
5500
1977
Car SUV
5500
1978
Car SUV
5500
1979
Car SUV
5500
1980
Car SUV
5500
1981
Car SUV
5500
1982
Car SUV
5500
1983
Car SUV
5500
1984
Car SUV
5500
1985
Car SUV
5500
1986
Car SUV
5500
1987
Car SUV
5500
1988
Car SUV
5500
1989
Car SUV
5500
1990
Car SUV
5500
1991
Car SUV
5500
1992
Car SUV
5500
1993
Car SUV
5500
1994
Car SUV
5500
1995
Car SUV
5500
1996
Car SUV
5500
1997
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-42
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
5500
1998
Car SUV
5500
1999
Car SUV
5500
2000
Car SUV
5500
2001
Car SUV
5500
2002
Car SUV
5500
2003
Car SUV
5500
2004
Car SUV
5500
2005
Car SUV
5500
2006
Car SUV
5500
2007
Car SUV
5500
2008
Car SUV
5500
2009
Car SUV
5500
2010
Car SUV
5500
2011
Car SUV
5500
2012
0
0.000
88.5
60.2
64.2
62.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
47.9
101
7.7
0.0184
171.7
100.0%
Car SUV
5500
2013
0
0.000
89.9
61.0
65.0
63.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
47.9
101
7.7
0.0184
173.8
100.0%
Car SUV
5500
2014
0
0.000
89.9
61.3
65.0
63.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
47.9
101
7.7
0.0184
174.3
100.0%
Car SUV
5500
2015
Car SUV
5500
2016
17
0.001
124.7
90.1
93.4
91.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
54.5
403
4.9
0.0733
252.9
Car SUV
5500
2017
9
0.001
126.4
90.9
95.1
93.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
54.8
761
3.5
0.1383
256.5
0.1%
Car SUV
5500
2018
0.000
126.2
74.3
75.7
75.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
54.7
749
3.6
0.1362
206.6
2.0%
Car SUV
6000
1975
Car SUV
6000
1976
Car SUV
6000
1977
Car SUV
6000
1978
Car SUV
6000
1979
Car SUV
6000
1980
Car SUV
6000
1981
Car SUV
6000
1982
Car SUV
6000
1983
Car SUV
6000
1984
Car SUV
6000
1985
Car SUV
6000
1986
Car SUV
6000
1987
Car SUV
6000
1988
Car SUV
6000
1989
Car SUV
6000
1990
Car SUV
6000
1991
Car SUV
6000
1992
Car SUV
6000
1993
Car SUV
6000
1994
Car SUV
6000
1995
Car SUV
6000
1996
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-43
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
5500
1998
Car SUV
5500
1999
Car SUV
5500
2000
Car SUV
5500
2001
Car SUV
5500
2002
Car SUV
5500
2003
Car SUV
5500
2004
Car SUV
5500
2005
Car SUV
5500
2006
Car SUV
5500
2007
Car SUV
5500
2008
Car SUV
5500
2009
Car SUV
5500
2010
Car SUV
5500
2011
Car SUV
5500
2012
100.0%
Car SUV
5500
2013
100.0%
Car SUV
5500
2014
100.0%
Car SUV
5500
2015
Car SUV
5500
2016
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
5500
2017
99.9%
99.9%
0.1%
Car SUV
5500
2018
98.0%
98.0%
2.0%
Car SUV
6000
1975
Car SUV
6000
1976
Car SUV
6000
1977
Car SUV
6000
1978
Car SUV
6000
1979
Car SUV
6000
1980
Car SUV
6000
1981
Car SUV
6000
1982
Car SUV
6000
1983
Car SUV
6000
1984
Car SUV
6000
1985
Car SUV
6000
1986
Car SUV
6000
1987
Car SUV
6000
1988
Car SUV
6000
1989
Car SUV
6000
1990
Car SUV
6000
1991
Car SUV
6000
1992
Car SUV
6000
1993
Car SUV
6000
1994
Car SUV
6000
1995
Car SUV
6000
1996
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-44
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Car SUV
6000
1997
Car SUV
6000
1998
Car SUV
6000
1999
Car SUV
6000
2000
Car SUV
6000
2001
Car SUV
6000
2002
Car SUV
6000
2003
Car SUV
6000
2004
Car SUV
6000
2005
Car SUV
6000
2006
Car SUV
6000
2007
Car SUV
6000
2008
Car SUV
6000
2009
Car SUV
6000
2010
Car SUV
6000
2011
Car SUV
6000
2012
Car SUV
6000
2013
Car SUV
6000
2014
Car SUV
6000
2015
Car SUV
6000
2016
1
0.000
116.8
81.5
91.5
86.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
54.5
463
2.9
0.0772
260.8
Car SUV
6000
2017
8
0.000
118.4
85.1
89.1
87.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
54.8
761
4.5
0.1268
262.1
Car SUV
6000
2018
0.001
117.4
70.5
71.9
71.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
54.8
762
4.2
0.1270
213.8
Van
2250
1975
Van
2250
1976
Van
2250
1977
Van
2250
1978
Van
2250
1979
Van
2250
1980
Van
2250
1981
Van
2250
1982
Van
2250
1983
1
0.000
39.0
33.5
32.3
32.9
303.0
314.0
309.0
97
52
21.7
0.536
0.0231
37.2
100.0%
Van
2250
1984
2
0.000
38.6
33.5
31.7
32.6
302.9
319.3
312.0
97
52
21.3
0.536
0.0231
36.9
100.0%
Van
2250
1985
Van
2250
1986
Van
2250
1987
Van
2250
1988
Van
2250
1989
Van
2250
1990
Van
2250
1991
Van
2250
1992
Van
2250
1993
Van
2250
1994
Van
2250
1995
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-45
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
6000
1997
Car SUV
6000
1998
Car SUV
6000
1999
Car SUV
6000
2000
Car SUV
6000
2001
Car SUV
6000
2002
Car SUV
6000
2003
Car SUV
6000
2004
Car SUV
6000
2005
Car SUV
6000
2006
Car SUV
6000
2007
Car SUV
6000
2008
Car SUV
6000
2009
Car SUV
6000
2010
Car SUV
6000
2011
Car SUV
6000
2012
Car SUV
6000
2013
Car SUV
6000
2014
Car SUV
6000
2015
Car SUV
6000
2016
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
6000
2017
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
6000
2018
100.0%
100.0%
Van
2250
1975
Van
2250
1976
Van
2250
1977
Van
2250
1978
Van
2250
1979
Van
2250
1980
Van
2250
1981
Van
2250
1982
Van
2250
1983
33.3%
66.7%
100.0%
Van
2250
1984
40.0%
60.0%
100.0%
Van
2250
1985
Van
2250
1986
Van
2250
1987
Van
2250
1988
Van
2250
1989
Van
2250
1990
Van
2250
1991
Van
2250
1992
Van
2250
1993
Van
2250
1994
Van
2250
1995
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-46
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
2250
1996
Van
2250
1997
Van
2250
1998
Van
2250
1999
Van
2250
2000
Van
2250
2001
Van
2250
2002
Van
2250
2003
Van
2250
2004
Van
2250
2005
Van
2250
2006
Van
2250
2007
Van
2250
2008
Van
2250
2009
Van
2250
2010
Van
2250
2011
Van
2250
2012
Van
2250
2013
Van
2250
2014
Van
2250
2015
Van
2250
2016
Van
2250
2017
Van
2250
2018
Van
2750
1975
Van
2750
1976
Van
2750
1977
Van
2750
1978
Van
2750
1979
Van
2750
1980
Van
2750
1981
Van
2750
1982
Van
2750
1983
Van
2750
1984
15
0.001
29.8
24.0
26.9
25.3
369.4
327.9
351.7
122
88
16.2
0.721
0.0320
34.8
100.0%
Van
2750
1985
8
0.001
29.8
23.5
28.2
25.4
378.1
313.8
350.0
122
88
15.3
0.721
0.0320
35.0
100.0%
Van
2750
1986
5
0.000
29.4
23.6
26.7
24.9
377.2
330.4
356.9
122
88
15.1
0.721
0.0320
34.3
100.0%
Van
2750
1987
4
0.000
29.3
23.3
26.4
24.7
380.9
334.1
360.2
122
88
15.4
0.721
0.0320
34.0
100.0%
Van
2750
1988
Van
2750
1989
Van
2750
1990
Van
2750
1991
Van
2750
1992
Van
2750
1993
Van
2750
1994
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-47
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
2250
1996
Van
2250
1997
Van
2250
1998
Van
2250
1999
Van
2250
2000
Van
2250
2001
Van
2250
2002
Van
2250
2003
Van
2250
2004
Van
2250
2005
Van
2250
2006
Van
2250
2007
Van
2250
2008
Van
2250
2009
Van
2250
2010
Van
2250
2011
Van
2250
2012
Van
2250
2013
Van
2250
2014
Van
2250
2015
Van
2250
2016
Van
2250
2017
Van
2250
2018
Van
2750
1975
Van
2750
1976
Van
2750
1977
Van
2750
1978
Van
2750
1979
Van
2750
1980
Van
2750
1981
Van
2750
1982
Van
2750
1983
Van
2750
1984
42.3%
57.7%
0.0%
100.0%
Van
2750
1985
77.4%
22.6%
100.0%
Van
2750
1986
52.5%
47.5%
100.0%
Van
2750
1987
47.8%
52.2%
100.0%
Van
2750
1988
Van
2750
1989
Van
2750
1990
Van
2750
1991
Van
2750
1992
Van
2750
1993
Van
2750
1994
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-48
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
2750
1995
Van
2750
1996
Van
2750
1997
Van
2750
1998
Van
2750
1999
Van
2750
2000
Van
2750
2001
Van
2750
2002
Van
2750
2003
Van
2750
2004
Van
2750
2005
Van
2750
2006
Van
2750
2007
Van
2750
2008
Van
2750
2009
Van
2750
2010
Van
2750
2011
Van
2750
2012
Van
2750
2013
Van
2750
2014
Van
2750
2015
Van
2750
2016
Van
2750
2017
Van
2750
2018
Van
3000
1975
0
0.000
21.2
16.1
21.6
18.2
552.8
408.5
489.5
109
67
0.615
0.0223
27.2
Van
3000
1976
Van
3000
1977
Van
3000
1978
Van
3000
1979
Van
3000
1980
Van
3000
1981
Van
3000
1982
Van
3000
1983
Van
3000
1984
31
0.002
25.7
20.4
23.8
21.8
432.0
370.2
406.8
134
92
16.5
0.691
0.0307
33.0
69.4%
Van
3000
1985
56
0.004
26.1
21.1
23.7
22.2
420.3
373.5
400.6
128
94
16.3
0.733
0.0313
33.4
51.2%
Van
3000
1986
50
0.003
26.9
21.3
24.9
22.8
415.4
354.7
390.1
128
92
15.3
0.717
0.0306
34.3
43.5%
Van
3000
1987
59
0.004
26.6
21.2
23.9
22.4
418.3
369.3
397.3
130
96
15.4
0.742
0.0320
33.7
38.2%
Van
3000
1988
17
0.001
27.4
21.5
24.9
23.0
411.9
354.9
386.8
124
97
15.4
0.782
0.0323
34.6
68.9%
Van
3000
1989
13
0.001
26.3
20.6
23.8
22.0
431.0
371.2
403.9
124
97
15.0
0.783
0.0323
33.1
73.5%
Van
3000
1990
5
0.000
26.4
20.3
24.3
22.0
438.0
364.0
403.8
137
116
12.2
0.842
0.0387
33.1
71.5%
Van
3000
1991
8
0.001
26.2
20.3
23.5
21.7
436.4
377.8
408.7
122
96
14.4
0.789
0.0321
32.6
78.8%
Van
3000
1992
23
0.002
28.3
21.2
26.4
23.5
418.5
336.3
378.8
119
114
12.2
0.963
0.0379
35.3
99.5%
Van
3000
1993
11
0.001
28.5
21.1
26.6
23.5
420.5
333.2
377.6
120
119
11.4
0.994
0.0397
35.4
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-49
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
2750
1995
Van
2750
1996
Van
2750
1997
Van
2750
1998
Van
2750
1999
Van
2750
2000
Van
2750
2001
Van
2750
2002
Van
2750
2003
Van
2750
2004
Van
2750
2005
Van
2750
2006
Van
2750
2007
Van
2750
2008
Van
2750
2009
Van
2750
2010
Van
2750
2011
Van
2750
2012
Van
2750
2013
Van
2750
2014
Van
2750
2015
Van
2750
2016
Van
2750
2017
Van
2750
2018
Van
3000
1975
100.0%
71.4%
28.6%
100.0%
Van
3000
1976
Van
3000
1977
Van
3000
1978
Van
3000
1979
Van
3000
1980
Van
3000
1981
Van
3000
1982
Van
3000
1983
Van
3000
1984
30.6%
32.4%
44.0%
23.6%
69.4%
30.6%
Van
3000
1985
5.3%
43.5%
22.2%
27.5%
50.3%
56.5%
43.5%
Van
3000
1986
26.9%
29.6%
62.2%
5.6%
32.2%
70.4%
29.6%
Van
3000
1987
14.4%
47.4%
31.7%
68.3%
30.7%
69.3%
Van
3000
1988
19.5%
11.7%
41.5%
58.5%
100.0%
Van
3000
1989
18.0%
CO
35.0%
65.0%
99.3%
0.7%
Van
3000
1990
8.5%
20.0%
57.2%
42.8%
97.2%
2.8%
Van
3000
1991
21.2%
32.2%
67.8%
100.0%
Van
3000
1992
0.5%
35.3%
64.7%
100.0%
Van
3000
1993
13.3%
86.7%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-50
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
3000
1994
5
0.000
28.4
20.8
26.7
23.4
424.2
331.7
379.7
127
124
11.0
0.981
0.0414
35.3
51.0%
Van
3000
1995
4
0.000
27.7
20.1
26.1
22.8
438.7
339.4
389.8
130
127
11.2
0.974
0.0422
34.4
40.5%
Van
3000
1996
0
0.000
27.7
19.9
26.0
22.7
443.2
341.3
392.2
134
127
11.5
0.954
0.0424
34.1
100.0%
Van
3000
1997
Van
3000
1998
Van
3000
1999
Van
3000
2000
Van
3000
2001
Van
3000
2002
Van
3000
2003
Van
3000
2004
Van
3000
2005
Van
3000
2006
Van
3000
2007
Van
3000
2008
Van
3000
2009
Van
3000
2010
Van
3000
2011
Van
3000
2012
Van
3000
2013
Van
3000
2014
Van
3000
2015
Van
3000
2016
Van
3000
2017
Van
3000
2018
Van
3500
1975
17
0.002
19.0
14.5
18.9
16.2
611.1
467.1
548.6
214
98
0.466
0.0280
28.4
Van
3500
1976
12
0.001
19.5
15.4
18.3
16.6
575.4
482.8
535.0
211
96
0.460
0.0273
29.1
Van
3500
1977
10
0.001
20.2
16.4
18.2
17.1
542.6
484.4
518.7
201
92
0.471
0.0264
30.1
Van
3500
1978
12
0.001
19.4
15.6
17.7
16.5
569.2
500.7
538.9
200
101
15.8
0.509
0.0288
28.9
Van
3500
1979
8
0.001
18.7
14.8
17.6
16.0
599.0
501.6
557.1
120
67
22.3
0.558
0.0191
28.0
Van
3500
1980
17
0.002
19.0
14.9
17.9
16.1
594.2
491.9
550.4
151
77
21.2
0.524
0.0219
28.3
Van
3500
1981
16
0.001
19.3
15.5
17.7
16.4
572.4
502.0
541.6
172
81
20.3
0.490
0.0230
28.8
Van
3500
1982
25
0.003
20.9
16.9
18.9
17.8
520.3
475.4
507.4
179
82
21.6
0.473
0.0233
31.9
Van
3500
1983
10
0.001
19.5
15.5
18.2
16.6
569.1
486.6
537.2
119
69
21.9
0.582
0.0198
29.4
Van
3500
1984
164
0.012
24.2
19.3
22.4
20.6
456.9
392.2
431.9
139
96
17.6
0.694
0.0275
36.3
68.8%
Van
3500
1985
292
0.020
23.5
18.7
21.9
20.0
473.4
403.1
444.2
154
102
16.8
0.673
0.0293
35.2
76.3%
Van
3500
1986
320
0.021
24.3
19.1
22.7
20.6
462.6
390.2
431.1
152
102
16.1
0.674
0.0292
36.2
71.0%
Van
3500
1987
329
0.022
24.1
18.7
22.7
20.4
473.2
389.5
435.5
162
120
14.8
0.735
0.0343
35.8
75.9%
Van
3500
1988
262
0.017
24.5
18.8
23.2
20.6
472.0
381.7
431.0
166
123
14.8
0.736
0.0353
36.2
80.7%
Van
3500
1989
264
0.018
24.3
18.7
22.5
20.4
473.0
393.8
436.7
159
120
14.6
0.753
0.0343
35.7
84.5%
Van
3500
1990
213
0.017
25.2
19.0
23.9
21.1
466.3
371.6
421.6
170
129
12.9
0.758
0.0368
37.0
92.4%
Van
3500
1991
63
0.005
25.3
19.2
23.5
21.0
462.2
378.6
422.4
161
109
14.8
0.674
0.0312
36.9
81.4%
Van
3500
1992
84
0.007
25.7
19.4
23.7
21.3
457.9
374.3
417.3
156
110
14.1
0.707
0.0314
37.3
85.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-51
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
3000
1994
49.0%
21.4%
78.6%
100.0%
95.2%
Van
3000
1995
59.5%
16.4%
83.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3000
1996
13.2%
86.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3000
1997
Van
3000
1998
Van
3000
1999
Van
3000
2000
Van
3000
2001
Van
3000
2002
Van
3000
2003
Van
3000
2004
Van
3000
2005
Van
3000
2006
Van
3000
2007
Van
3000
2008
Van
3000
2009
Van
3000
2010
Van
3000
2011
Van
3000
2012
Van
3000
2013
Van
3000
2014
Van
3000
2015
Van
3000
2016
Van
3000
2017
Van
3000
2018
Van
3500
1975
100.0%
18.7%
81.3%
93.9%
6.1%
Van
3500
1976
100.0%
24.4%
75.6%
86.7%
13.3%
Van
3500
1977
100.0%
28.8%
71.2%
76.8%
23.2%
Van
3500
1978
100.0%
28.4%
71.6%
76.6%
23.4%
Van
3500
1979
100.0%
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
Van
3500
1980
100.0%
62.8%
12.2%
25.0%
29.9%
70.1%
Van
3500
1981
100.0%
55.9%
9.8%
34.3%
49.4%
50.6%
Van
3500
1982
100.0%
62.9%
4.6%
32.5%
59.9%
25.1%
15.0%
Van
3500
1983
100.0%
79.6%
20.4%
96.9%
3.1%
Van
3500
1984
31.2%
27.1%
57.2%
15.7%
68.8%
21.6%
9.6%
Van
3500
1985
23.7%
15.2%
70.2%
14.6%
83.3%
10.1%
6.6%
Van
3500
1986
29.0%
9.6%
66.9%
23.5%
75.3%
22.0%
2.7%
Van
3500
1987
1.8%
22.2%
9.6%
37.7%
52.8%
41.1%
50.5%
8.5%
Van
3500
1988
1.7%
17.6%
7.3%
28.8%
63.9%
63.5%
36.5%
Van
3500
1989
1.3%
14.2%
5.6%
63.9%
30.6%
53.6%
46.4%
Van
3500
1990
1.3%
6.3%
5.0%
4.1%
90.9%
72.1%
27.9%
Van
3500
1991
3.6%
15.0%
4.1%
95.9%
28.9%
71.1%
Van
3500
1992
7.3%
7.1%
8.6%
91.4%
35.5%
64.5%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-52
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
3500
1993
220
0.017
25.3
18.6
24.0
21.0
476.4
370.3
423.8
176
133
11.7
0.755
0.0380
36.7
96.5%
Van
3500
1994
144
0.010
24.7
18.3
22.9
20.4
486.1
387.3
436.4
173
131
11.8
0.755
0.0374
35.7
96.5%
Van
3500
1995
237
0.016
25.1
18.4
23.4
20.6
482.9
379.7
430.6
171
137
11.6
0.807
0.0391
36.2
95.4%
Van
3500
1996
33
0.002
27.0
19.4
25.6
22.1
455.3
346.5
401.4
145
144
11.6
1.013
0.0411
39.0
76.3%
Van
3500
1997
33
0.002
24.2
17.6
22.2
19.7
502.2
401.2
450.6
145
133
12.2
0.927
0.0379
34.6
73.1%
Van
3500
1998
16
0.001
27.0
19.3
24.9
21.9
459.6
357.0
405.3
138
150
11.6
1.087
0.0429
38.4
100.0%
Van
3500
1999
1
0.000
26.9
19.3
24.3
21.7
461.1
365.5
409.8
138
150
11.5
1.087
0.0429
37.9
100.0%
Van
3500
2000
Van
3500
2001
Van
3500
2002
Van
3500
2003
Van
3500
2004
Van
3500
2005
Van
3500
2006
Van
3500
2007
Van
3500
2008
16
0.001
30.7
20.9
27.3
24.1
425.7
325.9
368.8
45.3
140
153
10.6
1.093
0.0437
42.2
100.0%
Van
3500
2009
22
0.002
30.3
20.7
26.8
23.8
429.4
331.7
373.7
45.3
140
153
10.4
1.093
0.0437
41.6
100.0%
Van
3500
2010
57
0.005
30.5
21.4
25.7
23.6
415.3
345.6
376.0
46.9
128
145
11.2
1.128
0.0413
41.4
100.0%
Van
3500
2011
28
0.002
30.1
20.9
25.6
23.4
424.8
346.9
380.4
48.1
122
140
11.6
1.148
0.0400
40.9
100.0%
Van
3500
2012
69
0.005
31.3
21.2
27.1
24.2
419.9
327.8
367.6
46.6
136
146
11.1
1.074
0.0417
42.3
100.0%
Van
3500
2013
63
0.004
31.1
21.2
26.7
24.0
418.8
332.6
370.0
47.4
129
140
11.4
1.091
0.0401
42.0
100.0%
Van
3500
2014
27
0.002
32.6
22.2
26.8
24.6
400.1
330.4
361.2
46.2
140
149
10.5
1.068
0.0426
43.1
100.0%
Van
3500
2015
67
0.004
33.6
22.9
27.0
25.0
386.9
328.9
354.8
47.7
133
146
10.6
1.100
0.0418
43.8
100.0%
Van
3500
2016
30
0.002
32.3
21.8
27.5
24.7
405.5
323.1
359.7
48.9
139
161
9.6
1.159
0.0461
43.3
100.0%
Van
3500
2017
50
0.003
33.3
22.8
27.2
25.1
388.1
326.5
354.3
48.7
132
147
10.3
1.110
0.0421
43.9
100.0%
Van
3500
2018
0.004
33.0
22.4
27.0
24.8
394.3
328.9
358.2
49.3
134
154
10.1
1.143
0.0440
43.4
100.0%
Van
4000
1975
262
0.026
14.0
11.2
12.9
11.9
775.2
665.1
747.4
311
136
0.434
0.0340
24.5
Van
4000
1976
293
0.024
14.1
11.2
13.1
12.0
765.3
658.2
740.9
323
142
0.437
0.0356
24.7
Van
4000
1977
262
0.019
16.1
13.0
14.6
13.7
676.1
599.1
649.5
323
148
0.457
0.0371
27.7
Van
4000
1978
310
0.021
15.6
12.7
14.1
13.3
690.3
615.5
670.1
321
142
13.2
0.444
0.0356
27.0
Van
4000
1979
83
0.006
16.5
13.5
14.8
14.0
651.9
590.4
633.2
275
128
15.4
0.468
0.0320
28.4
Van
4000
1980
90
0.008
18.4
14.6
17.0
15.6
603.2
518.2
569.3
263
121
16.4
0.466
0.0304
31.4
Van
4000
1981
82
0.008
18.7
14.9
17.4
15.9
589.9
507.8
557.5
262
120
16.6
0.463
0.0300
32.1
0.8%
Van
4000
1982
85
0.009
18.8
15.0
17.4
16.0
585.9
506.3
556.4
264
117
18.3
0.445
0.0292
32.4
Van
4000
1983
102
0.010
18.8
15.0
17.5
16.0
587.3
501.3
554.4
261
112
16.9
0.433
0.0281
32.4
Van
4000
1984
160
0.011
18.0
14.3
16.8
15.3
615.7
519.5
580.6
276
116
16.3
0.427
0.0290
31.0
Van
4000
1985
184
0.013
19.8
15.6
18.6
16.8
562.8
469.0
528.2
272
137
14.5
0.510
0.0342
34.1
0.2%
Van
4000
1986
316
0.021
21.1
16.3
20.5
18.0
545.5
430.3
494.5
232
134
14.1
0.590
0.0335
36.0
0.1%
Van
4000
1987
401
0.027
21.7
16.6
21.0
18.4
535.3
420.1
483.9
222
149
13.4
0.689
0.0371
36.9
7.6%
Van
4000
1988
559
0.037
22.2
16.8
21.7
18.8
528.8
408.5
473.5
214
150
13.5
0.717
0.0374
37.6
33.5%
Van
4000
1989
674
0.047
22.5
16.9
21.9
18.9
525.4
405.1
469.4
207
145
13.1
0.722
0.0364
38.0
30.6%
Van
4000
1990
684
0.054
22.2
16.6
21.5
18.7
531.9
410.3
475.5
199
143
12.7
0.722
0.0357
37.5
57.0%
Van
4000
1991
686
0.055
22.5
16.8
21.5
18.8
525.6
411.3
471.6
194
144
12.7
0.756
0.0361
37.8
49.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-53
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
3500
1993
0.1%
3.4%
2.9%
97.1%
80.2%
19.8%
Van
3500
1994
0.7%
2.8%
2.8%
97.2%
73.4%
26.6%
0.7%
Van
3500
1995
0.8%
3.7%
0.2%
99.8%
87.5%
12.5%
14.3%
Van
3500
1996
0.4%
23.4%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
75.5%
Van
3500
1997
26.9%
100.0%
100.0%
73.1%
Van
3500
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
2000
Van
3500
2001
Van
3500
2002
Van
3500
2003
Van
3500
2004
Van
3500
2005
Van
3500
2006
Van
3500
2007
Van
3500
2008
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
2009
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
2010
2.4%
97.6%
100.0%
100.0%
35.3%
Van
3500
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
2012
1.7%
98.3%
100.0%
100.0%
47.1%
Van
3500
2013
0.9%
90.1%
9.0%
100.0%
100.0%
31.7%
Van
3500
2014
1.2%
60.2%
38.6%
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
2015
39.7%
60.3%
0.8%
99.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
2016
65.9%
34.1%
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
2017
39.8%
60.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
3500
2018
46.0%
54.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4000
1975
100.0%
34.8%
65.2%
100.0%
Van
4000
1976
100.0%
30.9%
69.1%
100.0%
Van
4000
1977
100.0%
23.4%
76.6%
100.0%
Van
4000
1978
100.0%
22.6%
77.4%
100.0%
Van
4000
1979
100.0%
34.8%
36.2%
29.1%
100.0%
Van
4000
1980
100.0%
41.3%
15.0%
43.7%
95.9%
4.1%
Van
4000
1981
99.2%
33.7%
15.5%
50.9%
96.0%
4.0%
Van
4000
1982
100.0%
23.9%
20.8%
55.3%
94.1%
3.5%
2.3%
Van
4000
1983
100.0%
28.5%
31.5%
40.0%
96.7%
3.3%
Van
4000
1984
100.0%
21.2%
49.0%
29.8%
96.6%
3.4%
Van
4000
1985
99.8%
10.2%
31.8%
58.0%
96.6%
0.2%
3.2%
Van
4000
1986
99.9%
6.5%
7.2%
86.3%
27.8%
21.1%
51.1%
Van
4000
1987
1.7%
90.7%
4.2%
4.9%
90.3%
0.6%
5.0%
48.9%
46.1%
Van
4000
1988
0.2%
66.3%
2.6%
3.6%
93.8%
60.7%
39.3%
Van
4000
1989
0.4%
68.9%
2.4%
1.1%
96.5%
67.7%
32.3%
Van
4000
1990
10.0%
33.0%
1.4%
1.5%
97.1%
69.4%
30.6%
Van
4000
1991
12.6%
38.3%
1.3%
0.4%
98.4%
79.7%
20.3%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-54
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
4000
1992
758
0.062
22.6
16.7
21.7
18.9
529.5
408.0
470.9
198
146
12.3
0.745
0.0365
37.8
60.7%
Van
4000
1993
826
0.063
22.6
16.5
22.0
18.9
536.9
403.3
471.0
196
149
11.3
0.768
0.0373
37.8
59.4%
Van
4000
1994
849
0.060
22.7
16.5
21.9
18.9
536.3
404.9
471.4
203
151
11.1
0.752
0.0378
37.8
70.6%
Van
4000
1995
990
0.065
22.9
16.4
22.4
19.0
542.9
396.2
468.7
217
152
11.3
0.713
0.0380
38.0
79.7%
Van
4000
1996
956
0.073
23.5
16.8
22.6
19.4
527.9
392.4
458.5
201
166
11.2
0.828
0.0415
38.8
90.3%
Van
4000
1997
792
0.055
23.4
16.6
22.5
19.3
533.0
394.7
461.5
197
164
11.3
0.835
0.0409
38.6
87.9%
Van
4000
1998
1116
0.077
23.8
16.7
23.0
19.5
532.2
385.3
455.0
202
174
11.1
0.863
0.0435
39.1
96.2%
Van
4000
1999
822
0.054
23.9
16.6
23.2
19.6
534.5
383.1
454.1
198
168
11.3
0.857
0.0420
39.2
95.7%
Van
4000
2000
948
0.057
24.2
16.7
23.3
19.7
530.1
381.4
450.4
194
171
10.7
0.892
0.0427
39.5
95.9%
Van
4000
2001
463
0.030
24.6
16.9
23.4
20.0
523.5
377.6
445.1
194
183
10.1
0.953
0.0457
40.0
95.8%
Van
4000
2002
451
0.028
24.9
17.0
23.8
20.2
521.5
372.5
440.4
196
186
10.2
0.956
0.0464
40.5
95.7%
Van
4000
2003
493
0.031
25.4
17.2
24.2
20.5
515.2
366.4
432.7
199
185
10.0
0.934
0.0462
41.1
96.9%
Van
4000
2004
186
0.012
25.1
16.8
24.2
20.3
529.8
366.3
438.4
203
185
10.0
0.917
0.0463
40.6
92.6%
Van
4000
2005
380
0.024
25.5
17.0
24.0
20.4
520.5
369.4
435.3
198
182
10.0
0.926
0.0456
40.9
95.4%
Van
4000
2006
160
0.011
25.7
17.2
24.2
20.6
515.9
367.2
431.4
190
183
10.1
0.969
0.0457
41.2
100.0%
Van
4000
2007
81
0.005
25.9
17.4
24.4
20.8
511.7
363.8
427.5
190
184
10.1
0.976
0.0460
41.6
100.0%
Van
4000
2008
Van
4000
2009
Van
4000
2010
Van
4000
2011
Van
4000
2012
Van
4000
2013
Van
4000
2014
29
0.002
30.3
20.2
27.6
23.8
440.0
321.8
372.7
51.9
150
168
10.3
1.132
0.0421
47.7
100.0%
Van
4000
2015
39
0.002
30.6
20.4
27.9
24.1
435.5
318.7
369.1
51.9
149
169
10.2
1.151
0.0423
48.2
100.0%
Van
4000
2016
42
0.003
29.5
19.7
27.0
23.3
451.3
328.4
381.5
51.9
150
169
10.3
1.143
0.0423
46.6
100.0%
Van
4000
2017
28
0.002
29.4
19.6
27.3
23.3
453.4
325.7
380.7
51.9
153
169
10.3
1.108
0.0423
46.7
100.0%
Van
4000
2018
0.002
29.7
19.8
27.1
23.4
448.7
327.9
379.9
50.9
153
169
10.3
1.108
0.0423
46.8
100.0%
Van
4500
1975
165
0.016
11.6
9.5
10.3
9.8
927.5
862.5
902.5
333
155
0.464
0.0345
22.2
Van
4500
1976
188
0.015
13.3
10.7
12.3
11.3
827.0
715.5
783.2
330
153
0.463
0.0340
25.7
Van
4500
1977
222
0.016
13.5
11.0
12.0
11.4
803.8
732.0
777.8
342
157
0.458
0.0348
25.9
Van
4500
1978
289
0.020
13.0
10.7
11.4
11.0
823.5
774.0
808.4
341
157
13.4
0.460
0.0348
24.9
Van
4500
1979
273
0.020
13.6
11.1
12.0
11.5
786.2
727.1
772.5
329
145
15.2
0.443
0.0322
26.3
Van
4500
1980
91
0.008
16.3
13.1
15.1
13.9
675.8
583.5
639.4
313
141
15.8
0.449
0.0313
31.5
Van
4500
1981
121
0.011
17.1
13.7
15.7
14.6
642.8
561.6
610.3
305
138
16.0
0.453
0.0306
33.0
0.2%
Van
4500
1982
164
0.017
16.8
13.5
15.3
14.2
655.3
575.2
624.0
307
145
16.6
0.474
0.0323
32.3
Van
4500
1983
215
0.021
17.3
13.7
16.1
14.7
642.9
547.2
605.2
308
149
14.7
0.485
0.0332
33.3
Van
4500
1984
245
0.017
17.0
13.4
16.0
14.4
659.1
547.7
615.2
309
153
14.4
0.493
0.0339
32.8
Van
4500
1985
258
0.018
16.1
12.8
14.9
13.7
692.2
592.9
651.0
309
156
14.1
0.503
0.0346
30.9
Van
4500
1986
284
0.019
17.5
13.8
16.2
14.8
640.4
546.5
599.7
304
148
14.0
0.485
0.0328
33.4
Van
4500
1987
252
0.017
17.3
13.5
16.2
14.7
654.9
544.9
605.8
313
163
13.3
0.521
0.0363
33.1
Van
4500
1988
184
0.012
17.9
13.9
16.8
15.1
640.3
526.1
589.1
321
169
13.1
0.528
0.0376
34.0
Van
4500
1989
223
0.015
17.5
13.5
16.5
14.8
658.7
534.5
602.3
323
175
12.4
0.541
0.0389
33.3
Van
4500
1990
268
0.021
18.7
14.1
17.9
15.7
626.3
490.3
565.7
306
174
11.6
0.569
0.0387
35.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-55
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
4000
1992
1.8%
37.5%
0.6%
99.4%
85.2%
14.8%
Van
4000
1993
1.1%
39.5%
1.1%
98.9%
90.4%
9.6%
Van
4000
1994
3.1%
26.3%
0.2%
99.8%
90.2%
9.8%
4.6%
Van
4000
1995
10.1%
10.2%
0.0%
100.0%
96.0%
4.0%
3.0%
Van
4000
1996
9.7%
100.0%
100.0%
5.3%
Van
4000
1997
12.1%
100.0%
100.0%
6.3%
Van
4000
1998
3.8%
100.0%
100.0%
11.6%
Van
4000
1999
4.3%
100.0%
100.0%
15.9%
8.5%
Van
4000
2000
4.1%
100.0%
100.0%
25.7%
13.9%
Van
4000
2001
4.2%
100.0%
100.0%
32.6%
18.6%
Van
4000
2002
4.3%
100.0%
100.0%
33.0%
24.5%
Van
4000
2003
3.1%
100.0%
100.0%
19.6%
15.5%
Van
4000
2004
7.4%
100.0%
100.0%
15.3%
12.0%
Van
4000
2005
4.6%
89.6%
10.4%
100.0%
20.7%
Van
4000
2006
78.1%
21.9%
100.0%
39.3%
6.3%
Van
4000
2007
68.9%
31.1%
100.0%
41.3%
Van
4000
2008
Van
4000
2009
Van
4000
2010
Van
4000
2011
Van
4000
2012
Van
4000
2013
Van
4000
2014
100.0%
4.7%
95.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4000
2015
100.0%
6.5%
93.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4000
2016
100.0%
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4000
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4000
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
1975
100.0%
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
Van
4500
1976
100.0%
5.0%
95.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
1977
100.0%
3.8%
96.2%
100.0%
Van
4500
1978
100.0%
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
Van
4500
1979
100.0%
11.3%
87.8%
0.9%
100.0%
Van
4500
1980
100.0%
14.5%
37.7%
47.9%
100.0%
Van
4500
1981
99.8%
13.3%
37.9%
48.8%
100.0%
Van
4500
1982
100.0%
6.8%
46.7%
46.6%
100.0%
Van
4500
1983
100.0%
3.4%
27.9%
68.7%
100.0%
Van
4500
1984
100.0%
2.9%
20.4%
76.7%
100.0%
Van
4500
1985
100.0%
1.0%
25.7%
73.3%
100.0%
Van
4500
1986
100.0%
0.6%
21.4%
78.0%
78.4%
21.6%
0.0%
Van
4500
1987
100.0%
1.0%
42.7%
56.3%
22.7%
32.2%
45.0%
0.0%
Van
4500
1988
100.0%
0.9%
38.6%
60.4%
0.7%
16.5%
82.8%
0.0%
Van
4500
1989
0.1%
99.9%
0.7%
27.3%
71.9%
0.1%
20.8%
79.1%
0.0%
Van
4500
1990
4.2%
95.8%
0.0%
10.7%
89.1%
0.1%
9.2%
90.8%
0.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-56
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
4500
1991
211
0.017
19.1
14.3
18.4
16.0
619.2
476.5
554.8
294
170
11.9
0.580
0.0377
36.4
Van
4500
1992
242
0.020
19.2
14.3
18.3
16.1
614.6
478.8
553.7
288
179
11.3
0.626
0.0398
36.5
Van
4500
1993
251
0.019
19.8
14.6
19.0
16.5
606.9
465.3
539.3
282
180
10.6
0.646
0.0400
37.3
1.3%
Van
4500
1994
278
0.020
19.3
14.2
18.3
16.1
618.8
479.4
553.4
283
187
10.3
0.664
0.0414
36.5
0.0%
Van
4500
1995
291
0.019
19.1
14.0
18.1
15.8
629.7
487.3
560.8
292
190
10.3
0.662
0.0421
35.9
Van
4500
1996
291
0.022
20.6
14.8
20.0
17.1
598.0
437.6
520.0
248
177
11.4
0.716
0.0393
38.8
52.1%
Van
4500
1997
275
0.019
20.7
14.8
19.9
17.1
598.2
439.3
519.7
252
182
11.1
0.727
0.0405
38.8
35.5%
Van
4500
1998
188
0.013
21.5
15.3
20.6
17.7
581.4
428.1
502.8
242
186
11.3
0.770
0.0413
39.9
40.3%
Van
4500
1999
426
0.028
22.1
15.5
21.2
18.1
573.6
416.5
491.5
234
193
10.9
0.826
0.0428
40.8
76.0%
Van
4500
2000
578
0.035
22.3
15.5
21.4
18.2
572.1
412.0
487.9
232
192
10.5
0.832
0.0426
41.2
78.4%
Van
4500
2001
462
0.030
23.5
16.2
22.5
19.1
546.9
393.6
464.8
217
196
10.2
0.908
0.0436
43.2
88.5%
Van
4500
2002
623
0.039
23.3
16.0
22.2
18.9
552.7
398.1
469.3
220
206
10.0
0.941
0.0458
42.8
90.9%
Van
4500
2003
564
0.036
23.6
16.1
22.4
19.1
552.7
394.3
465.6
222
211
9.8
0.955
0.0468
43.1
88.6%
Van
4500
2004
644
0.041
24.2
16.2
23.1
19.5
545.5
383.0
455.3
216
221
9.4
1.033
0.0492
44.1
93.2%
Van
4500
2005
955
0.060
24.1
16.1
22.9
19.4
551.0
386.4
458.4
218
219
9.5
1.012
0.0487
43.7
92.3%
Van
4500
2006
928
0.061
24.5
16.3
23.5
19.8
543.8
377.4
449.8
216
215
9.6
1.000
0.0477
44.5
95.6%
Van
4500
2007
734
0.048
24.2
16.1
23.3
19.6
549.3
381.6
454.5
219
230
9.3
1.051
0.0510
44.1
97.2%
Van
4500
2008
713
0.051
24.7
16.4
23.6
19.9
539.7
375.8
447.1
54.0
218
221
9.6
1.014
0.0490
44.8
96.1%
Van
4500
2009
256
0.028
24.7
16.5
23.5
19.9
537.6
378.5
447.6
54.8
216
219
9.4
1.019
0.0486
44.7
97.4%
Van
4500
2010
361
0.033
24.4
16.3
23.3
19.7
545.0
380.9
452.1
54.8
221
210
9.6
0.955
0.0467
44.3
98.4%
Van
4500
2011
455
0.038
26.6
17.7
25.0
21.2
501.2
354.8
418.5
55.5
214
266
8.1
1.243
0.0592
47.8
98.5%
Van
4500
2012
555
0.041
26.7
17.7
25.3
21.4
502.7
350.0
416.2
55.3
215
268
8.1
1.245
0.0596
48.1
99.1%
Van
4500
2013
353
0.023
26.6
17.6
25.3
21.3
503.9
351.0
417.4
55.5
215
269
8.1
1.251
0.0598
48.0
100.0%
Van
4500
2014
569
0.037
26.8
17.8
25.4
21.4
498.9
349.5
414.6
55.3
216
271
8.0
1.251
0.0601
48.3
100.0%
Van
4500
2015
508
0.030
27.0
17.9
25.4
21.6
494.5
348.7
412.2
55.6
215
268
8.0
1.250
0.0596
48.6
100.0%
Van
4500
2016
528
0.032
27.0
17.9
25.6
21.6
494.2
346.9
411.2
55.6
214
268
8.0
1.254
0.0596
48.7
99.1%
Van
4500
2017
423
0.025
27.6
18.0
26.6
22.1
493.0
332.8
402.9
56.5
216
282
7.5
1.308
0.0627
49.8
99.2%
Van
4500
2018
0.021
28.0
18.4
26.8
22.4
482.9
330.8
397.3
55.9
213
282
7.3
1.323
0.0626
50.4
98.6%
Van
5000
1975
12
0.001
12.0
9.7
10.7
10.2
903.3
825.7
874.5
398
200
0.497
0.0401
25.5
Van
5000
1976
8
0.001
12.4
10.1
10.9
10.5
873.6
810.9
847.2
370
169
0.455
0.0338
26.3
Van
5000
1977
18
0.001
12.4
10.0
11.2
10.5
886.3
791.9
845.9
404
187
0.464
0.0375
26.3
Van
5000
1978
12
0.001
12.5
10.3
11.0
10.6
863.7
806.6
839.8
389
183
12.9
0.470
0.0365
26.5
Van
5000
1979
96
0.007
11.8
9.6
10.6
10.0
907.1
835.1
885.8
347
155
15.6
0.446
0.0309
25.4
Van
5000
1980
35
0.003
14.2
11.4
13.1
12.1
778.4
676.2
735.3
334
148
16.3
0.441
0.0295
30.3
Van
5000
1981
26
0.002
14.8
11.9
13.6
12.6
738.7
648.8
704.4
325
145
16.4
0.448
0.0290
31.8
Van
5000
1982
36
0.004
15.1
12.1
13.8
12.8
729.3
638.0
694.4
320
144
17.7
0.450
0.0288
32.3
Van
5000
1983
49
0.005
17.1
13.5
16.0
14.5
662.0
552.0
629.2
336
143
15.9
0.431
0.0286
38.0
Van
5000
1984
54
0.004
15.6
12.3
14.7
13.3
715.5
595.1
674.8
329
155
15.1
0.472
0.0310
34.1
Van
5000
1985
52
0.004
15.4
12.2
14.4
13.1
722.6
604.9
679.6
323
158
14.8
0.486
0.0315
33.3
Van
5000
1986
62
0.004
16.0
12.5
15.0
13.5
705.1
587.2
657.4
326
162
14.0
0.495
0.0324
34.2
Van
5000
1987
64
0.004
15.9
12.3
15.0
13.4
717.6
585.3
661.9
323
167
13.9
0.516
0.0334
33.9
Van
5000
1988
100
0.007
16.7
12.8
16.1
14.2
692.7
548.1
628.3
312
156
14.5
0.500
0.0313
35.6
Van
5000
1989
99
0.007
16.5
12.5
15.8
13.9
707.0
557.1
640.1
315
159
13.9
0.503
0.0318
35.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-57
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
4500
1991
10.8%
89.2%
0.1%
5.6%
94.3%
12.7%
87.2%
0.0%
Van
4500
1992
13.6%
86.4%
0.0%
2.6%
97.4%
31.2%
68.8%
Van
4500
1993
14.9%
83.8%
1.3%
98.7%
32.3%
67.7%
Van
4500
1994
14.8%
85.1%
3.4%
96.6%
49.7%
50.3%
1.6%
Van
4500
1995
7.5%
92.5%
2.2%
97.8%
56.0%
44.0%
2.5%
Van
4500
1996
6.1%
41.8%
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
1.7%
Van
4500
1997
13.3%
51.2%
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
2.2%
Van
4500
1998
14.7%
45.0%
100.0%
100.0%
4.6%
Van
4500
1999
4.8%
19.3%
100.0%
100.0%
11.8%
11.8%
Van
4500
2000
3.7%
17.9%
100.0%
100.0%
21.1%
21.1%
Van
4500
2001
1.9%
9.6%
100.0%
100.0%
27.2%
26.7%
Van
4500
2002
2.8%
6.3%
100.0%
100.0%
24.7%
23.9%
Van
4500
2003
6.0%
5.4%
100.0%
100.0%
30.1%
29.3%
Van
4500
2004
5.0%
1.8%
100.0%
100.0%
64.8%
64.8%
Van
4500
2005
6.6%
1.1%
96.2%
3.8%
100.0%
42.6%
38.8%
Van
4500
2006
4.4%
97.9%
2.1%
100.0%
52.0%
44.7%
Van
4500
2007
2.8%
98.3%
1.7%
100.0%
56.6%
56.2%
Van
4500
2008
3.9%
100.0%
100.0%
51.7%
51.0%
Van
4500
2009
2.6%
100.0%
100.0%
46.9%
39.6%
Van
4500
2010
1.6%
100.0%
100.0%
29.6%
29.6%
Van
4500
2011
1.5%
96.5%
3.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
2012
0.9%
96.2%
3.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
2013
96.7%
3.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
2014
98.5%
1.5%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
2015
97.5%
2.5%
5.0%
95.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
2016
0.9%
98.5%
1.5%
9.9%
90.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
2017
0.8%
98.7%
1.3%
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4500
2018
1.4%
100.0%
52.2%
47.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
1975
100.0%
13.1%
86.9%
100.0%
Van
5000
1976
100.0%
1.9%
98.1%
100.0%
Van
5000
1977
100.0%
2.7%
97.3%
100.0%
Van
5000
1978
100.0%
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
1979
100.0%
4.3%
89.2%
6.5%
100.0%
Van
5000
1980
100.0%
5.0%
75.1%
19.9%
100.0%
Van
5000
1981
100.0%
4.8%
63.4%
31.7%
100.0%
Van
5000
1982
100.0%
4.7%
65.8%
29.4%
100.0%
Van
5000
1983
100.0%
2.6%
28.0%
69.4%
73.1%
26.9%
Van
5000
1984
100.0%
3.5%
44.6%
51.9%
91.6%
CO
Van
5000
1985
100.0%
1.5%
33.3%
65.2%
97.2%
2.8%
Van
5000
1986
100.0%
0.7%
40.6%
58.7%
75.1%
23.5%
1.4%
Van
5000
1987
100.0%
0.4%
51.5%
48.1%
45.8%
40.0%
13.6%
0.6%
Van
5000
1988
100.0%
0.0%
25.8%
74.2%
1.0%
84.0%
14.3%
0.7%
Van
5000
1989
100.0%
0.0%
23.3%
76.6%
83.0%
16.5%
0.5%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-58
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
5000
1990
84
0.007
16.5
12.5
15.7
13.9
709.3
562.8
641.7
317
165
12.7
0.519
0.0331
34.8
Van
5000
1991
56
0.004
16.6
12.5
15.8
13.9
709.4
559.8
638.9
315
165
12.8
0.522
0.0330
34.9
Van
5000
1992
92
0.008
17.5
13.1
16.7
14.7
675.1
527.1
606.4
305
169
12.4
0.557
0.0339
36.9
Van
5000
1993
101
0.008
17.7
13.1
16.9
14.8
673.5
523.3
601.8
306
184
11.0
0.607
0.0369
37.1
Van
5000
1994
108
0.008
17.6
12.9
17.0
14.7
687.5
519.8
604.7
308
190
10.7
0.623
0.0381
36.8
Van
5000
1995
106
0.007
17.8
13.0
16.9
14.7
680.2
525.4
602.9
302
184
11.2
0.613
0.0367
36.9
1.7%
Van
5000
1996
100
0.008
17.8
12.9
17.0
14.8
684.0
520.8
601.4
317
203
11.0
0.644
0.0407
37.0
Van
5000
1997
136
0.009
19.0
13.7
18.1
15.7
648.7
489.3
566.2
296
219
10.4
0.743
0.0438
39.3
Van
5000
1998
135
0.009
18.6
13.3
17.8
15.4
666.2
497.0
578.3
295
217
10.8
0.738
0.0433
38.5
Van
5000
1999
176
0.012
18.2
13.0
17.3
15.0
684.8
513.6
593.9
296
219
10.6
0.741
0.0437
37.4
0.1%
Van
5000
2000
145
0.009
18.4
13.1
17.1
15.0
676.2
517.5
591.9
292
219
10.2
0.751
0.0437
37.6
Van
5000
2001
174
0.011
19.1
13.4
17.9
15.5
660.6
493.4
571.8
284
226
9.8
0.800
0.0452
39.0
Van
5000
2002
155
0.010
18.7
13.2
17.3
15.2
672.0
510.1
586.4
262
210
10.4
0.813
0.0420
38.1
32.1%
Van
5000
2003
137
0.009
19.3
13.5
17.7
15.6
656.5
498.0
570.4
252
205
10.5
0.820
0.0409
39.1
37.7%
Van
5000
2004
101
0.006
20.4
13.9
19.4
16.5
639.8
455.2
538.0
241
205
10.5
0.857
0.0410
41.5
52.5%
Van
5000
2005
130
0.008
20.7
14.0
19.6
16.7
634.3
451.0
531.8
235
202
10.5
0.869
0.0404
41.9
58.9%
Van
5000
2006
63
0.004
19.9
13.7
18.1
15.9
646.2
488.9
557.6
267
216
10.3
0.810
0.0432
39.9
Van
5000
2007
23
0.002
20.4
14.1
18.7
16.4
631.7
475.0
542.4
269
205
10.7
0.761
0.0411
41.0
Van
5000
2008
51
0.004
23.9
16.1
22.5
19.2
548.8
388.0
462.8
57.8
249
232
9.6
0.939
0.0464
48.6
63.9%
Van
5000
2009
84
0.009
25.3
16.7
24.5
20.4
530.1
360.1
435.1
55.7
226
239
9.3
1.066
0.0479
51.3
88.5%
Van
5000
2010
134
0.012
25.3
16.7
24.7
20.5
531.4
359.2
434.2
55.2
228
243
9.2
1.075
0.0487
51.3
93.7%
Van
5000
2011
27
0.002
22.9
15.6
21.1
18.4
567.6
420.3
484.1
58.2
225
247
9.4
1.120
0.0493
45.9
Van
5000
2012
27
0.002
22.6
15.4
21.0
18.2
574.4
420.5
489.2
60.0
240
229
9.9
0.982
0.0459
45.6
Van
5000
2013
145
0.010
25.0
16.6
24.0
20.1
535.4
369.0
441.4
55.5
221
275
8.5
1.252
0.0551
50.4
79.6%
Van
5000
2014
35
0.002
22.7
15.4
21.3
18.3
573.9
413.8
486.8
58.6
230
244
9.5
1.084
0.0487
46.0
3.6%
Van
5000
2015
33
0.002
24.3
16.4
22.9
19.5
542.5
388.3
454.6
56.0
211
269
8.7
1.277
0.0538
48.9
10.0%
Van
5000
2016
22
0.001
25.1
17.0
22.9
19.9
519.0
388.3
446.3
56.3
194
258
CO
CO
1.362
0.0516
49.9
13.7%
Van
5000
2017
108
0.006
28.0
18.8
26.1
22.3
421.0
334.9
398.0
56.1
209
291
7.7
1.392
0.0582
58.2
67.2%
Van
5000
2018
0.007
31.0
20.8
27.6
24.2
240.1
295.9
358.0
56.2
210
278
7.6
1.332
0.0556
65.8
78.9%
Van
5500
1975
Van
5500
1976
0
0.000
11.1
9.0
10.0
9.4
989.4
891.5
945.4
350
160
0.457
0.0291
25.9
Van
5500
1977
Van
5500
1978
Van
5500
1979
17
0.001
11.4
9.5
9.9
9.7
919.3
892.4
917.4
377
168
15.9
0.438
0.0305
26.9
Van
5500
1980
8
0.001
12.4
10.0
11.2
10.5
887.3
794.8
846.3
356
154
16.6
0.431
0.0279
28.9
Van
5500
1981
1
0.000
12.3
9.9
11.2
10.5
886.3
786.8
850.2
346
154
16.5
0.447
0.0281
29.0
Van
5500
1982
0
0.000
13.4
10.9
12.1
11.4
816.2
733.4
781.5
337
143
18.5
0.427
0.0260
31.4
Van
5500
1983
5
0.000
18.2
14.2
17.5
15.5
644.3
507.0
611.5
369
140
16.8
0.383
0.0255
46.3
Van
5500
1984
6
0.000
14.5
11.4
13.9
12.4
763.8
623.3
739.2
362
158
15.6
0.438
0.0287
37.1
Van
5500
1985
5
0.000
12.9
10.3
12.0
11.0
861.7
733.9
808.3
351
180
14.2
0.512
0.0327
30.4
Van
5500
1986
6
0.000
15.0
12.0
13.7
12.7
738.6
665.4
722.2
286
158
14.8
0.594
0.0288
36.6
Van
5500
1987
5
0.000
14.6
11.3
13.8
12.4
775.6
624.8
719.4
346
196
13.1
0.564
0.0356
34.6
Van
5500
1988
10
0.001
14.2
11.0
13.3
12.0
802.8
654.6
743.0
347
195
13.4
0.562
0.0355
33.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-59
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
5000
1990
0.3%
99.7%
13.1%
86.9%
81.8%
17.5%
0.7%
Van
5000
1991
100.0%
13.6%
86.4%
82.8%
16.3%
0.8%
Van
5000
1992
15.4%
84.6%
18.6%
81.4%
90.0%
9.5%
0.5%
Van
5000
1993
18.3%
81.7%
13.6%
86.4%
94.3%
5.7%
Van
5000
1994
18.3%
81.7%
12.0%
88.0%
98.0%
2.0%
Van
5000
1995
22.7%
75.6%
0.7%
12.3%
87.0%
90.2%
9.8%
Van
5000
1996
15.2%
84.8%
6.9%
93.1%
100.0%
Van
5000
1997
16.9%
83.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
1998
15.3%
84.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
1999
11.3%
88.6%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Van
5000
2000
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
2001
12.7%
87.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
2002
13.3%
54.6%
100.0%
100.0%
32.1%
Van
5000
2003
15.3%
47.0%
100.0%
100.0%
37.7%
Van
5000
2004
10.0%
37.5%
100.0%
100.0%
52.5%
Van
5000
2005
10.5%
30.6%
100.0%
100.0%
58.9%
Van
5000
2006
13.0%
87.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
2008
36.1%
100.0%
100.0%
63.9%
Van
5000
2009
11.5%
100.0%
100.0%
88.5%
58.9%
Van
5000
2010
6.3%
100.0%
100.0%
93.7%
57.5%
Van
5000
2011
72.8%
27.2%
100.0%
100.0%
72.8%
72.8%
Van
5000
2012
44.9%
55.1%
100.0%
100.0%
44.9%
44.9%
Van
5000
2013
13.9%
6.5%
100.0%
100.0%
93.5%
93.5%
Van
5000
2014
61.0%
35.4%
100.0%
100.0%
64.6%
64.6%
Van
5000
2015
90.0%
100.0%
10.0%
90.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
2016
67.8%
18.5%
100.0%
32.2%
67.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5000
2017
30.8%
2.0%
96.9%
3.1%
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
100.0%
3.1%
Van
5000
2018
17.8%
3.3%
84.4%
15.6%
24.5%
75.5%
100.0%
100.0%
15.6%
Van
5500
1975
Van
5500
1976
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
1977
Van
5500
1978
Van
5500
1979
100.0%
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
Van
5500
1980
100.0%
99.2%
0.8%
100.0%
Van
5500
1981
100.0%
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
Van
5500
1982
100.0%
2.3%
95.2%
2.5%
100.0%
Van
5500
1983
100.0%
0.6%
16.2%
83.2%
38.8%
61.2%
Van
5500
1984
100.0%
1.0%
39.6%
59.3%
67.2%
32.8%
Van
5500
1985
100.0%
55.1%
44.9%
100.0%
Van
5500
1986
100.0%
32.4%
32.6%
35.0%
67.6%
32.4%
Van
5500
1987
100.0%
49.3%
50.7%
49.3%
11.6%
39.1%
Van
5500
1988
100.0%
71.0%
29.0%
3.2%
71.4%
24.3%
1.1%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-60
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
5500
1989
5
0.000
14.4
11.2
13.4
12.1
788.3
639.4
732.3
343
192
13.0
0.559
0.0349
34.0
Van
5500
1990
9
0.001
14.4
10.7
14.3
12.2
826.1
616.8
731.0
347
199
11.7
0.574
0.0363
33.7
Van
5500
1991
10
0.001
15.2
11.3
14.9
12.8
784.0
594.5
694.8
334
187
12.4
0.556
0.0340
35.3
Van
5500
1992
18
0.002
15.9
11.8
15.3
13.3
746.9
578.4
667.6
323
178
12.6
0.548
0.0323
36.8
Van
5500
1993
31
0.002
16.1
12.1
15.2
13.4
734.3
580.2
661.0
321
178
11.8
0.553
0.0324
37.1
Van
5500
1994
27
0.002
16.2
12.1
15.1
13.5
730.5
583.4
659.5
316
174
12.0
0.550
0.0316
37.2
Van
5500
1995
27
0.002
16.2
12.0
15.1
13.5
736.3
580.4
660.6
314
172
12.4
0.545
0.0312
37.2
Van
5500
1996
25
0.002
15.8
11.6
14.8
13.1
764.7
597.5
680.1
314
169
13.1
0.536
0.0308
36.0
Van
5500
1997
27
0.002
17.3
12.4
16.7
14.3
712.8
529.9
619.4
288
212
11.2
0.743
0.0385
39.6
5.9%
Van
5500
1998
31
0.002
17.4
12.4
16.9
14.4
715.4
526.7
616.4
296
217
11.3
0.738
0.0395
39.7
Van
5500
1999
36
0.002
17.5
12.3
16.9
14.4
719.0
525.3
616.0
294
226
11.0
0.772
0.0410
39.7
2.8%
Van
5500
2000
17
0.001
17.2
12.2
16.3
14.1
726.8
541.3
629.5
296
221
10.7
0.753
0.0402
39.0
10.0%
Van
5500
2001
66
0.004
17.4
12.1
16.9
14.3
735.4
526.1
621.7
314
249
9.7
0.798
0.0452
39.3
1.9%
Van
5500
2002
11
0.001
17.5
12.3
16.4
14.3
719.5
538.8
623.4
298
228
10.4
0.782
0.0415
39.4
7.2%
Van
5500
2003
21
0.001
18.2
12.9
16.6
14.7
687.8
533.1
603.1
312
264
9.4
0.845
0.0479
40.6
1.4%
Van
5500
2004
6
0.000
19.1
13.3
17.5
15.4
666.7
507.4
577.0
298
251
9.8
0.842
0.0457
42.4
Van
5500
2005
5
0.000
19.3
13.3
17.8
15.5
666.8
499.7
571.7
301
260
9.6
0.859
0.0472
42.8
Van
5500
2006
7
0.000
19.2
13.2
17.6
15.4
670.7
505.5
576.6
293
250
9.9
0.847
0.0454
42.4
Van
5500
2007
2
0.000
19.2
13.2
18.0
15.6
675.6
491.9
571.2
325
295
9.0
0.908
0.0536
42.8
Van
5500
2008
5
0.000
19.3
13.6
17.3
15.5
655.1
513.7
574.7
63.5
325
301
CO
CO
0.926
0.0547
42.5
Van
5500
2009
3
0.000
17.8
12.5
15.9
14.2
710.2
558.7
623.8
63.6
325
301
8.7
0.926
0.0547
39.2
Van
5500
2010
3
0.000
18.6
12.9
16.9
14.9
689.2
524.8
595.7
63.5
323
301
CO
CO
0.932
0.0547
41.0
Van
5500
2011
3
0.000
18.3
12.8
16.9
14.8
694.1
523.5
599.4
62.9
317
290
9.0
0.914
0.0527
40.9
Van
5500
2012
4
0.000
18.1
12.7
16.7
14.7
699.0
530.2
605.5
63.1
318
297
10.4
0.931
0.0540
40.5
Van
5500
2013
4
0.000
18.5
12.9
17.0
15.0
686.1
522.5
593.2
63.7
323
308
8.7
0.953
0.0560
41.2
Van
5500
2014
3
0.000
18.5
12.9
16.9
14.9
687.1
524.5
594.6
63.7
324
309
8.7
0.955
0.0562
41.1
Van
5500
2015
Van
5500
2016
1
0.000
20.1
13.9
18.5
16.2
639.3
479.5
548.2
57.9
226
270
9.0
1.196
0.0491
44.6
Van
5500
2017
Van
5500
2018
Van
6000
1975
1
0.000
11.1
9.1
9.7
9.4
962.9
903.7
948.2
317
149
0.470
0.0248
28.5
Van
6000
1976
1
0.000
11.9
9.7
10.6
10.1
911.3
827.3
879.7
325
144
0.445
0.0240
30.5
Van
6000
1977
1
0.000
13.0
10.9
11.2
11.0
814.6
784.6
804.5
318
148
0.468
0.0247
33.2
Van
6000
1978
1
0.000
12.5
10.4
10.9
10.6
854.9
808.5
838.3
324
154
16.8
0.475
0.0256
31.9
Van
6000
1979
3
0.000
10.6
8.4
10.1
9.1
1061.8
883.2
981.4
460
270
11.7
0.587
0.0450
27.2
Van
6000
1980
1
0.000
10.9
9.1
9.4
9.2
977.7
941.6
961.4
400
187
15.2
0.468
0.0312
27.7
Van
6000
1981
Van
6000
1982
0
0.000
11.9
9.5
10.8
10.1
931.6
819.7
881.2
350
165
17.7
0.471
0.0275
30.3
Van
6000
1983
0
0.000
12.6
10.1
11.6
10.7
881.6
764.7
829.0
366
150
17.2
0.410
0.0250
32.2
Van
6000
1984
0
0.000
12.9
10.4
11.8
10.9
858.6
754.5
811.8
366
150
17.1
0.410
0.0250
32.8
Van
6000
1985
1
0.000
21.3
16.2
21.5
18.2
612.7
459.1
549.4
376
133
17.7
0.354
0.0222
55.7
Van
6000
1986
1
0.000
23.1
17.5
22.9
19.6
580.1
445.1
518.6
379
130
17.1
0.343
0.0217
58.9
Van
6000
1987
0
0.000
22.9
17.4
22.4
19.4
586.3
454.8
525.5
379
130
17.4
0.343
0.0217
58.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-61
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
5500
1989
100.0%
55.0%
45.0%
66.2%
33.5%
0.3%
Van
5500
1990
100.0%
4.9%
95.1%
82.5%
17.5%
0.0%
Van
5500
1991
100.0%
100.0%
89.0%
10.9%
0.0%
Van
5500
1992
100.0%
6.3%
93.7%
92.9%
7.1%
Van
5500
1993
0.6%
99.4%
22.0%
78.0%
89.5%
10.5%
Van
5500
1994
100.0%
25.9%
74.1%
90.9%
9.1%
Van
5500
1995
100.0%
29.2%
70.8%
94.9%
5.1%
Van
5500
1996
100.0%
38.5%
61.5%
100.0%
Van
5500
1997
94.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
1999
97.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2000
90.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2001
17.8%
80.3%
100.0%
100.0%
1.9%
Van
5500
2002
92.8%
100.0%
100.0%
7.2%
Van
5500
2003
1.9%
96.7%
100.0%
100.0%
1.4%
Van
5500
2004
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2005
39.2%
60.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2006
33.6%
66.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2008
48.5%
51.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2009
55.0%
45.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2010
64.7%
35.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2011
50.4%
49.6%
100.0%
100.0%
14.9%
78.6%
Van
5500
2012
61.1%
38.9%
100.0%
100.0%
85.7%
Van
5500
2013
65.6%
34.4%
100.0%
100.0%
97.0%
Van
5500
2014
73.4%
26.6%
100.0%
100.0%
98.0%
Van
5500
2015
Van
5500
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5500
2017
Van
5500
2018
Van
6000
1975
100.0%
85.3%
14.7%
100.0%
Van
6000
1976
100.0%
85.7%
14.3%
100.0%
Van
6000
1977
100.0%
65.6%
34.4%
100.0%
Van
6000
1978
100.0%
64.3%
35.7%
100.0%
Van
6000
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1980
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1981
Van
6000
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1983
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1984
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1985
100.0%
2.1%
97.9%
CO
CO
91.2%
Van
6000
1986
100.0%
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
Van
6000
1987
100.0%
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-62
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
6000
1988
0
0.000
21.7
16.1
21.9
18.4
632.4
464.4
553.7
379
126
18.0
0.332
0.0210
55.2
Van
6000
1989
0
0.000
21.3
16.0
20.8
18.0
636.2
488.4
566.1
379
130
17.0
0.343
0.0217
54.0
Van
6000
1990
0
0.000
21.5
15.8
21.7
18.2
644.7
469.8
560.6
379
135
15.6
0.356
0.0225
54.5
Van
6000
1991
0
0.000
20.4
15.2
19.8
17.1
669.8
515.1
594.4
379
140
15.3
0.369
0.0233
51.4
Van
6000
1992
4
0.000
15.0
10.8
15.2
12.6
822.2
588.8
708.1
352
202
11.9
0.574
0.0337
38.0
Van
6000
1993
0
0.000
21.3
15.7
20.2
17.7
566.1
439.3
502.7
379
145
13.7
0.383
0.0242
53.0
Van
6000
1994
6
0.000
15.5
11.2
15.4
13.0
792.2
577.0
684.2
352
204
11.0
0.582
0.0341
39.0
Van
6000
1995
6
0.000
16.1
11.5
15.9
13.4
769.5
557.2
661.9
344
197
11.7
0.570
0.0328
40.3
Van
6000
1996
5
0.000
16.1
11.5
15.9
13.4
774.9
557.8
662.8
350
205
11.7
0.587
0.0342
40.2
Van
6000
1997
3
0.000
16.5
11.7
16.4
13.8
761.2
540.6
646.3
331
225
11.1
0.680
0.0375
41.3
Van
6000
1998
2
0.000
16.6
11.7
16.5
13.8
761.7
539.7
644.4
330
225
11.4
0.682
0.0375
41.4
Van
6000
1999
3
0.000
16.2
11.4
15.9
13.4
782.1
559.1
662.9
330
235
11.1
0.712
0.0392
40.2
Van
6000
2000
3
0.000
16.3
11.6
15.3
13.4
764.0
579.8
664.4
330
255
10.1
0.773
0.0425
40.1
Van
6000
2001
67
0.004
16.0
11.2
15.4
13.1
796.0
578.8
677.3
330
260
10.0
0.787
0.0433
39.4
Van
6000
2002
4
0.000
17.1
12.0
16.0
13.9
740.8
555.0
638.2
330
255
10.1
0.773
0.0425
41.8
Van
6000
2003
17
0.001
18.5
12.8
17.4
15.0
689.7
508.7
591.1
322
281
9.5
0.871
0.0468
45.3
Van
6000
2004
16
0.001
18.7
13.1
17.2
15.1
677.4
514.3
587.7
324
278
9.6
0.857
0.0463
45.5
Van
6000
2005
11
0.001
18.2
12.7
16.5
14.7
697.3
536.0
606.6
325
278
9.5
0.856
0.0463
44.0
Van
6000
2006
9
0.001
18.2
12.6
16.6
14.6
702.6
532.7
607.5
326
283
9.5
0.868
0.0471
44.0
Van
6000
2007
6
0.000
18.1
12.6
16.5
14.6
703.8
537.4
609.4
325
295
9.3
0.908
0.0492
43.8
Van
6000
2008
5
0.000
17.6
12.4
15.8
14.1
719.3
562.3
629.8
63.5
325
310
9.1
0.955
0.0517
42.3
Van
6000
2009
3
0.000
17.7
12.5
15.9
14.2
711.5
559.5
624.9
58.7
325
301
9.1
0.926
0.0502
42.7
Van
6000
2010
4
0.000
18.4
12.8
16.6
14.7
693.0
535.5
603.2
63.5
323
301
9.2
0.932
0.0502
44.2
Van
6000
2011
6
0.001
17.8
12.5
16.2
14.4
708.7
547.9
618.3
64.4
312
272
9.8
0.871
0.0454
43.2
Van
6000
2012
6
0.000
17.9
12.6
16.3
14.5
703.7
543.0
614.7
64.4
311
276
9.9
0.885
0.0461
43.5
Van
6000
2013
5
0.000
17.8
12.5
16.3
14.4
708.4
544.7
616.4
64.4
310
276
9.8
0.884
0.0459
43.3
Van
6000
2014
6
0.000
18.0
12.6
16.5
14.6
701.8
537.8
609.4
64.1
317
292
9.4
0.917
0.0486
43.8
Van
6000
2015
6
0.000
20.8
14.3
19.1
16.7
619.8
464.3
531.2
61.6
224
275
9.3
1.226
0.0458
50.2
Van
6000
2016
7
0.000
20.0
14.0
18.1
16.1
633.8
491.6
552.9
61.4
224
281
9.1
1.254
0.0468
48.2
Van
6000
2017
6
0.000
19.5
13.8
17.1
15.5
642.0
519.7
572.3
61.6
224
279
9.2
1.247
0.0466
46.6
Van
6000
2018
0.000
20.1
14.2
18.0
16.1
627.4
494.4
551.6
61.6
224
281
9.1
1.258
0.0469
48.3
Van
6500
1975
1
0.000
10.6
8.9
9.0
9.0
997.5
980.2
992.8
321
150
0.468
0.0231
29.2
Van
6500
1976
1
0.000
11.5
9.4
10.4
9.8
946.8
855.8
907.0
324
144
0.447
0.0222
31.9
Van
6500
1977
2
0.000
12.3
10.3
10.6
10.4
863.3
834.4
851.3
316
142
0.453
0.0219
34.0
Van
6500
1978
1
0.000
11.7
9.7
10.3
9.9
918.2
863.3
895.6
328
155
18.1
0.474
0.0239
32.3
Van
6500
1979
Van
6500
1980
Van
6500
1981
Van
6500
1982
Van
6500
1983
Van
6500
1984
Van
6500
1985
Van
6500
1986
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-63
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
6000
1988
100.0%
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
Van
6000
1989
100.0%
1.4%
98.6%
100.0%
Van
6000
1990
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1991
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1992
100.0%
100.0%
95.4%
4.6%
Van
6000
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1994
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2001
95.4%
4.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2003
39.1%
60.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2004
17.8%
82.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2005
18.6%
81.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2006
19.0%
81.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2007
28.6%
71.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2008
32.9%
67.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2009
37.3%
62.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2010
33.3%
66.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2011
21.7%
78.3%
100.0%
100.0%
56.5%
Van
6000
2012
15.8%
84.2%
100.0%
100.0%
55.7%
Van
6000
2013
20.3%
79.7%
100.0%
100.0%
55.1%
Van
6000
2014
28.5%
71.5%
100.0%
100.0%
75.2%
Van
6000
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2016
1.2%
98.8%
100.0%
13.4%
86.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2017
100.0%
100.0%
11.2%
88.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6000
2018
100.0%
100.0%
15.7%
84.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6500
1975
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6500
1976
100.0%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
Van
6500
1977
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6500
1978
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6500
1979
Van
6500
1980
Van
6500
1981
Van
6500
1982
Van
6500
1983
Van
6500
1984
Van
6500
1985
Van
6500
1986
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-64
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
6500
1987
Van
6500
1988
Van
6500
1989
Van
6500
1990
Van
6500
1991
Van
6500
1992
Van
6500
1993
Van
6500
1994
Van
6500
1995
Van
6500
1996
Van
6500
1997
Van
6500
1998
Van
6500
1999
Van
6500
2000
Van
6500
2001
Van
6500
2002
Van
6500
2003
Van
6500
2004
Van
6500
2005
Van
6500
2006
Van
6500
2007
Van
6500
2008
Van
6500
2009
Van
6500
2010
Van
6500
2011
1
0.000
14.4
10.3
13.1
11.7
836.0
628.4
757.2
65.3
333
271
10.2
0.813
0.0417
40.2
Van
6500
2012
1
0.000
15.7
11.0
14.6
12.8
804.7
592.0
694.1
64.5
321
270
11.2
0.846
0.0416
42.2
Van
6500
2013
1
0.000
14.5
10.6
12.8
11.7
838.1
674.2
758.8
64.7
325
267
10.2
0.826
0.0411
38.6
Van
6500
2014
1
0.000
15.5
11.0
14.1
12.6
798.3
608.3
705.9
64.9
328
265
10.4
0.810
0.0407
41.8
Van
6500
2015
2
0.000
16.5
11.2
16.5
13.7
796.1
538.3
649.3
63.8
309
290
9.2
0.941
0.0445
44.5
Van
6500
2016
1
0.000
16.0
10.8
16.0
13.2
823.4
556.1
671.0
63.7
366
324
8.5
0.885
0.0498
43.0
Van
6500
2017
1
0.000
15.5
10.3
15.6
12.8
861.6
568.8
694.7
63.7
366
324
8.5
0.885
0.0498
41.6
Van
6500
2018
Van
7000
1975
Van
7000
1976
Van
7000
1977
Van
7000
1978
Van
7000
1979
Van
7000
1980
Van
7000
1981
Van
7000
1982
Van
7000
1983
Van
7000
1984
Van
7000
1985
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-65
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
6500
1987
Van
6500
1988
Van
6500
1989
Van
6500
1990
Van
6500
1991
Van
6500
1992
Van
6500
1993
Van
6500
1994
Van
6500
1995
Van
6500
1996
Van
6500
1997
Van
6500
1998
Van
6500
1999
Van
6500
2000
Van
6500
2001
Van
6500
2002
Van
6500
2003
Van
6500
2004
Van
6500
2005
Van
6500
2006
Van
6500
2007
Van
6500
2008
Van
6500
2009
Van
6500
2010
Van
6500
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
29.6%
Van
6500
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
43.4%
Van
6500
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
32.6%
Van
6500
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
23.3%
Van
6500
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6500
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6500
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6500
2018
Van
7000
1975
Van
7000
1976
Van
7000
1977
Van
7000
1978
Van
7000
1979
Van
7000
1980
Van
7000
1981
Van
7000
1982
Van
7000
1983
Van
7000
1984
Van
7000
1985
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-66
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
7000
1986
Van
7000
1987
Van
7000
1988
Van
7000
1989
Van
7000
1990
Van
7000
1991
Van
7000
1992
Van
7000
1993
Van
7000
1994
Van
7000
1995
Van
7000
1996
Van
7000
1997
Van
7000
1998
Van
7000
1999
Van
7000
2000
Van
7000
2001
Van
7000
2002
Van
7000
2003
Van
7000
2004
Van
7000
2005
Van
7000
2006
Van
7000
2007
Van
7000
2008
Van
7000
2009
Van
7000
2010
Van
7000
2011
1
0.000
15.4
10.5
15.2
12.7
847.2
584.3
698.0
70.6
368
322
8.9
0.876
0.0460
44.6
Van
7000
2012
1
0.000
15.0
10.2
15.1
12.5
870.7
589.1
711.1
71.7
367
322
8.9
0.878
0.0460
43.8
Van
7000
2013
1
0.000
15.1
10.2
15.2
12.6
866.9
585.2
707.1
72.3
362
320
9.0
0.885
0.0457
44.0
Van
7000
2014
1
0.000
15.2
10.4
15.1
12.6
855.8
588.2
703.9
69.6
364
321
8.9
0.884
0.0459
44.2
Van
7000
2015
1
0.000
15.4
10.5
15.5
12.8
849.4
575.0
693.2
68.3
346
312
9.1
0.904
0.0446
44.9
Van
7000
2016
0
0.000
17.4
11.6
17.1
14.2
758.6
514.2
625.8
60.5
297
314
9.3
1.112
0.0448
50.2
Van
7000
2017
0
0.000
15.3
10.3
15.0
12.5
861.6
593.2
708.6
70.5
366
324
8.9
0.885
0.0463
43.9
Van
7000
2018
Van
8000
1975
Van
8000
1976
Van
8000
1977
Van
8000
1978
Van
8000
1979
Van
8000
1980
Van
8000
1981
Van
8000
1982
Van
8000
1983
Van
8000
1984
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-67
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
7000
1986
Van
7000
1987
Van
7000
1988
Van
7000
1989
Van
7000
1990
Van
7000
1991
Van
7000
1992
Van
7000
1993
Van
7000
1994
Van
7000
1995
Van
7000
1996
Van
7000
1997
Van
7000
1998
Van
7000
1999
Van
7000
2000
Van
7000
2001
Van
7000
2002
Van
7000
2003
Van
7000
2004
Van
7000
2005
Van
7000
2006
Van
7000
2007
Van
7000
2008
Van
7000
2009
Van
7000
2010
Van
7000
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
95.3%
Van
7000
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
94.8%
Van
7000
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
96.2%
Van
7000
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
96.8%
Van
7000
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
7000
2016
49.6%
50.4%
100.0%
100.0%
49.6%
100.0%
Van
7000
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
7000
2018
Van
8000
1975
Van
8000
1976
Van
8000
1977
Van
8000
1978
Van
8000
1979
Van
8000
1980
Van
8000
1981
Van
8000
1982
Van
8000
1983
Van
8000
1984
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-68
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Van
8000
1985
Van
8000
1986
Van
8000
1987
Van
8000
1988
Van
8000
1989
Van
8000
1990
Van
8000
1991
Van
8000
1992
Van
8000
1993
Van
8000
1994
Van
8000
1995
Van
8000
1996
Van
8000
1997
Van
8000
1998
Van
8000
1999
Van
8000
2000
Van
8000
2001
Van
8000
2002
Van
8000
2003
Van
8000
2004
Van
8000
2005
Van
8000
2006
Van
8000
2007
Van
8000
2008
Van
8000
2009
Van
8000
2010
Van
8000
2011
Van
8000
2012
0
0.000
14.5
9.9
14.4
12.1
895.5
615.3
735.8
66.6
366
324
9.6
0.885
0.0405
48.3
Van
8000
2013
Van
8000
2014
Van
8000
2015
Van
8000
2016
Van
8000
2017
Van
8000
2018
Truck SUV
2000
1975
Truck SUV
2000
1976
Truck SUV
2000
1977
Truck SUV
2000
1978
Truck SUV
2000
1979
1
0.000
25.7
20.9
23.0
21.8
425.6
386.2
407.9
49
41
24.0
0.837
0.0205
21.8
Truck SUV
2000
1980
3
0.000
25.2
20.3
22.9
21.4
438.9
387.5
415.8
49
41
24.5
0.837
0.0205
21.4
Truck SUV
2000
1981
1
0.000
25.2
20.3
22.9
21.4
438.9
387.5
415.8
49
41
24.4
0.837
0.0205
21.4
Truck SUV
2000
1982
1
0.000
25.2
21.3
21.3
21.3
416.6
417.3
417.0
59
45
24.0
0.763
0.0225
21.3
Truck SUV
2000
1983
1
0.000
25.2
21.3
21.3
21.3
416.6
417.3
417.0
59
45
22.0
0.763
0.0225
21.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-69
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
8000
1985
Van
8000
1986
Van
8000
1987
Van
8000
1988
Van
8000
1989
Van
8000
1990
Van
8000
1991
Van
8000
1992
Van
8000
1993
Van
8000
1994
Van
8000
1995
Van
8000
1996
Van
8000
1997
Van
8000
1998
Van
8000
1999
Van
8000
2000
Van
8000
2001
Van
8000
2002
Van
8000
2003
Van
8000
2004
Van
8000
2005
Van
8000
2006
Van
8000
2007
Van
8000
2008
Van
8000
2009
Van
8000
2010
Van
8000
2011
Van
8000
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8000
2013
Van
8000
2014
Van
8000
2015
Van
8000
2016
Van
8000
2017
Van
8000
2018
Truck SUV
2000
1975
Truck SUV
2000
1976
Truck SUV
2000
1977
Truck SUV
2000
1978
Truck SUV
2000
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2000
1980
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2000
1981
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2000
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2000
1983
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-70
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
2000
1984
Truck SUV
2000
1985
Truck SUV
2000
1986
Truck SUV
2000
1987
Truck SUV
2000
1988
Truck SUV
2000
1989
Truck SUV
2000
1990
Truck SUV
2000
1991
Truck SUV
2000
1992
Truck SUV
2000
1993
Truck SUV
2000
1994
Truck SUV
2000
1995
Truck SUV
2000
1996
Truck SUV
2000
1997
Truck SUV
2000
1998
Truck SUV
2000
1999
Truck SUV
2000
2000
Truck SUV
2000
2001
Truck SUV
2000
2002
Truck SUV
2000
2003
Truck SUV
2000
2004
Truck SUV
2000
2005
Truck SUV
2000
2006
Truck SUV
2000
2007
Truck SUV
2000
2008
Truck SUV
2000
2009
Truck SUV
2000
2010
Truck SUV
2000
2011
Truck SUV
2000
2012
Truck SUV
2000
2013
Truck SUV
2000
2014
Truck SUV
2000
2015
Truck SUV
2000
2016
Truck SUV
2000
2017
Truck SUV
2000
2018
Truck SUV
2250
1975
Truck SUV
2250
1976
Truck SUV
2250
1977
Truck SUV
2250
1978
Truck SUV
2250
1979
Truck SUV
2250
1980
Truck SUV
2250
1981
Truck SUV
2250
1982
2
0.000
24.8
20.9
21.1
21.0
425.6
420.4
423.3
59
45
25.6
0.763
0.0200
23.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-71
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
2000
1984
Truck SUV
2000
1985
Truck SUV
2000
1986
Truck SUV
2000
1987
Truck SUV
2000
1988
Truck SUV
2000
1989
Truck SUV
2000
1990
Truck SUV
2000
1991
Truck SUV
2000
1992
Truck SUV
2000
1993
Truck SUV
2000
1994
Truck SUV
2000
1995
Truck SUV
2000
1996
Truck SUV
2000
1997
Truck SUV
2000
1998
Truck SUV
2000
1999
Truck SUV
2000
2000
Truck SUV
2000
2001
Truck SUV
2000
2002
Truck SUV
2000
2003
Truck SUV
2000
2004
Truck SUV
2000
2005
Truck SUV
2000
2006
Truck SUV
2000
2007
Truck SUV
2000
2008
Truck SUV
2000
2009
Truck SUV
2000
2010
Truck SUV
2000
2011
Truck SUV
2000
2012
Truck SUV
2000
2013
Truck SUV
2000
2014
Truck SUV
2000
2015
Truck SUV
2000
2016
Truck SUV
2000
2017
Truck SUV
2000
2018
Truck SUV
2250
1975
Truck SUV
2250
1976
Truck SUV
2250
1977
Truck SUV
2250
1978
Truck SUV
2250
1979
Truck SUV
2250
1980
Truck SUV
2250
1981
Truck SUV
2250
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-72
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
2250
1983
3
0.000
24.8
20.9
21.1
21.0
425.6
420.4
423.3
59
45
23.5
0.763
0.0200
23.6
Truck SUV
2250
1984
5
0.000
28.8
25.3
23.1
24.2
351.4
384.9
366.5
59
45
23.3
0.763
0.0200
27.3
Truck SUV
2250
1985
6
0.000
28.8
25.3
23.1
24.2
351.4
384.9
366.5
61
45
23.0
0.738
0.0200
27.3
Truck SUV
2250
1986
37
0.002
33.1
27.0
29.1
27.9
329.1
305.1
318.1
81
64
16.2
0.790
0.0284
31.4
Truck SUV
2250
1987
63
0.004
33.1
26.8
29.0
27.8
331.3
306.4
319.7
81
64
16.5
0.790
0.0284
31.3
Truck SUV
2250
1988
83
0.005
33.3
27.0
28.7
27.8
329.6
309.7
320.1
81
64
16.7
0.790
0.0284
31.2
Truck SUV
2250
1989
6
0.000
33.4
27.0
28.4
27.7
328.6
312.8
320.9
80
64
16.1
0.797
0.0284
31.2
Truck SUV
2250
1990
Truck SUV
2250
1991
Truck SUV
2250
1992
Truck SUV
2250
1993
Truck SUV
2250
1994
Truck SUV
2250
1995
Truck SUV
2250
1996
Truck SUV
2250
1997
Truck SUV
2250
1998
Truck SUV
2250
1999
Truck SUV
2250
2000
Truck SUV
2250
2001
Truck SUV
2250
2002
Truck SUV
2250
2003
Truck SUV
2250
2004
Truck SUV
2250
2005
Truck SUV
2250
2006
Truck SUV
2250
2007
Truck SUV
2250
2008
Truck SUV
2250
2009
Truck SUV
2250
2010
Truck SUV
2250
2011
Truck SUV
2250
2012
Truck SUV
2250
2013
Truck SUV
2250
2014
Truck SUV
2250
2015
Truck SUV
2250
2016
Truck SUV
2250
2017
Truck SUV
2250
2018
Truck SUV
2500
1975
Truck SUV
2500
1976
Truck SUV
2500
1977
Truck SUV
2500
1978
Truck SUV
2500
1979
Truck SUV
2500
1980
Truck SUV
2500
1981
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-73
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
2250
1983
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2250
1984
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2250
1985
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2250
1986
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2250
1987
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2250
1988
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2250
1989
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2250
1990
Truck SUV
2250
1991
Truck SUV
2250
1992
Truck SUV
2250
1993
Truck SUV
2250
1994
Truck SUV
2250
1995
Truck SUV
2250
1996
Truck SUV
2250
1997
Truck SUV
2250
1998
Truck SUV
2250
1999
Truck SUV
2250
2000
Truck SUV
2250
2001
Truck SUV
2250
2002
Truck SUV
2250
2003
Truck SUV
2250
2004
Truck SUV
2250
2005
Truck SUV
2250
2006
Truck SUV
2250
2007
Truck SUV
2250
2008
Truck SUV
2250
2009
Truck SUV
2250
2010
Truck SUV
2250
2011
Truck SUV
2250
2012
Truck SUV
2250
2013
Truck SUV
2250
2014
Truck SUV
2250
2015
Truck SUV
2250
2016
Truck SUV
2250
2017
Truck SUV
2250
2018
Truck SUV
2500
1975
Truck SUV
2500
1976
Truck SUV
2500
1977
Truck SUV
2500
1978
Truck SUV
2500
1979
Truck SUV
2500
1980
Truck SUV
2500
1981
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-74
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
2500
1982
Truck SUV
2500
1983
Truck SUV
2500
1984
Truck SUV
2500
1985
Truck SUV
2500
1986
Truck SUV
2500
1987
Truck SUV
2500
1988
Truck SUV
2500
1989
40
0.003
31.3
25.3
26.8
26.0
351.0
330.4
341.8
97
80
15.2
0.825
0.0320
32.6
Truck SUV
2500
1990
32
0.003
31.8
25.4
27.4
26.3
349.5
324.3
337.3
94
77
13.9
0.827
0.0310
32.9
Truck SUV
2500
1991
3
0.000
33.5
27.0
27.9
27.5
329.1
318.1
323.4
79
66
15.8
0.835
0.0264
34.4
Truck SUV
2500
1992
2
0.000
33.5
26.8
27.8
27.3
331.7
319.2
325.2
79
66
15.5
0.835
0.0264
34.2
Truck SUV
2500
1993
0
0.000
33.5
26.6
27.7
27.2
334.1
320.5
326.9
79
66
14.5
0.835
0.0264
34.0
Truck SUV
2500
1994
3
0.000
33.5
26.4
27.6
27.0
336.5
321.9
328.7
79
66
14.4
0.835
0.0264
33.8
Truck SUV
2500
1995
1
0.000
30.5
23.4
26.1
24.7
377.4
339.5
359.4
90
84
12.6
0.926
0.0337
31.0
Truck SUV
2500
1996
Truck SUV
2500
1997
Truck SUV
2500
1998
Truck SUV
2500
1999
Truck SUV
2500
2000
Truck SUV
2500
2001
Truck SUV
2500
2002
Truck SUV
2500
2003
Truck SUV
2500
2004
Truck SUV
2500
2005
Truck SUV
2500
2006
Truck SUV
2500
2007
Truck SUV
2500
2008
Truck SUV
2500
2009
Truck SUV
2500
2010
Truck SUV
2500
2011
Truck SUV
2500
2012
Truck SUV
2500
2013
Truck SUV
2500
2014
Truck SUV
2500
2015
Truck SUV
2500
2016
Truck SUV
2500
2017
Truck SUV
2500
2018
Truck SUV
2750
1975
47
0.005
16.8
13.5
15.5
14.3
655.8
571.6
620.5
276
120
0.429
0.0435
19.8
Truck SUV
2750
1976
41
0.003
17.8
14.7
15.5
15.1
600.9
572.2
590.2
268
102
0.379
0.0371
20.8
Truck SUV
2750
1977
44
0.003
18.6
15.2
16.6
15.8
584.0
534.0
562.3
271
104
0.381
0.0377
21.8
Truck SUV
2750
1978
58
0.004
18.1
14.8
16.2
15.4
599.0
549.2
577.4
270
103
12.5
0.379
0.0373
21.2
Truck SUV
2750
1979
Truck SUV
2750
1980
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-75
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
2500
1982
Truck SUV
2500
1983
Truck SUV
2500
1984
Truck SUV
2500
1985
Truck SUV
2500
1986
Truck SUV
2500
1987
Truck SUV
2500
1988
Truck SUV
2500
1989
100.0%
56.2%
43.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2500
1990
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2500
1991
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2500
1992
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2500
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2500
1994
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2500
1995
100.0%
100.0%
63.1%
36.9%
Truck SUV
2500
1996
Truck SUV
2500
1997
Truck SUV
2500
1998
Truck SUV
2500
1999
Truck SUV
2500
2000
Truck SUV
2500
2001
Truck SUV
2500
2002
Truck SUV
2500
2003
Truck SUV
2500
2004
Truck SUV
2500
2005
Truck SUV
2500
2006
Truck SUV
2500
2007
Truck SUV
2500
2008
Truck SUV
2500
2009
Truck SUV
2500
2010
Truck SUV
2500
2011
Truck SUV
2500
2012
Truck SUV
2500
2013
Truck SUV
2500
2014
Truck SUV
2500
2015
Truck SUV
2500
2016
Truck SUV
2500
2017
Truck SUV
2500
2018
Truck SUV
2750
1975
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1976
100.0%
89.1%
10.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1977
100.0%
92.5%
7.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1978
100.0%
89.7%
10.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1979
Truck SUV
2750
1980
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-76
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
2750
1981
Truck SUV
2750
1982
Truck SUV
2750
1983
Truck SUV
2750
1984
Truck SUV
2750
1985
Truck SUV
2750
1986
0
0.000
25.6
20.0
24.2
21.7
445.3
367.8
409.9
96
86
15.0
0.896
0.0313
29.8
Truck SUV
2750
1987
Truck SUV
2750
1988
Truck SUV
2750
1989
0
0.000
29.3
23.9
24.9
24.4
372.3
357.3
364.9
97
80
17.0
0.825
0.0291
33.5
Truck SUV
2750
1990
14
0.001
28.7
23.2
24.4
23.8
383.8
363.9
374.0
97
80
16.0
0.825
0.0291
32.7
Truck SUV
2750
1991
28
0.002
28.9
23.0
24.8
23.9
385.9
357.4
372.5
97
80
15.2
0.825
0.0291
32.9
Truck SUV
2750
1992
23
0.002
28.9
22.9
24.7
23.8
388.4
358.7
374.2
97
80
14.8
0.825
0.0291
32.7
Truck SUV
2750
1993
22
0.002
29.0
22.7
24.6
23.7
390.6
359.9
375.7
97
80
13.9
0.825
0.0291
32.6
Truck SUV
2750
1994
38
0.003
28.7
22.3
24.3
23.3
397.5
364.2
381.1
97
82
13.7
0.847
0.0299
32.1
Truck SUV
2750
1995
38
0.002
28.4
21.8
24.3
23.0
406.9
366.0
385.9
97
95
12.8
0.979
0.0345
31.7
Truck SUV
2750
1996
26
0.002
28.4
21.6
24.2
22.9
410.8
365.9
387.9
97
95
13.2
0.979
0.0345
31.5
Truck SUV
2750
1997
10
0.001
28.3
21.5
23.9
22.7
412.4
370.6
390.7
97
95
13.2
0.979
0.0345
31.3
Truck SUV
2750
1998
9
0.001
28.4
21.5
23.9
22.7
413.2
371.8
391.2
97
95
13.6
0.979
0.0345
31.2
Truck SUV
2750
1999
Truck SUV
2750
2000
Truck SUV
2750
2001
Truck SUV
2750
2002
Truck SUV
2750
2003
Truck SUV
2750
2004
Truck SUV
2750
2005
Truck SUV
2750
2006
Truck SUV
2750
2007
Truck SUV
2750
2008
Truck SUV
2750
2009
Truck SUV
2750
2010
Truck SUV
2750
2011
Truck SUV
2750
2012
Truck SUV
2750
2013
Truck SUV
2750
2014
Truck SUV
2750
2015
Truck SUV
2750
2016
Truck SUV
2750
2017
Truck SUV
2750
2018
Truck SUV
3000
1975
Truck SUV
3000
1976
10
0.001
15.4
12.3
14.2
13.1
718.5
622.2
679.5
304
120
0.395
0.0400
19.7
Truck SUV
3000
1977
13
0.001
16.8
13.7
15.1
14.3
647.1
586.4
622.3
304
120
0.395
0.0400
21.5
Truck SUV
3000
1978
20
0.001
16.8
13.5
15.3
14.2
656.2
580.9
623.9
304
120
11.8
0.395
0.0400
21.4
Truck SUV
3000
1979
52
0.004
17.2
14.3
14.9
14.6
619.2
594.3
609.6
258
120
13.1
0.465
0.0400
21.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-77
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
2750
1981
Truck SUV
2750
1982
Truck SUV
2750
1983
Truck SUV
2750
1984
Truck SUV
2750
1985
Truck SUV
2750
1986
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1987
Truck SUV
2750
1988
Truck SUV
2750
1989
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1990
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1991
100.0%
56.7%
43.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1992
100.0%
56.8%
43.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1993
100.0%
57.6%
42.4%
15.9%
84.1%
Truck SUV
2750
1994
100.0%
50.6%
49.4%
14.3%
85.7%
14.3%
Truck SUV
2750
1995
100.0%
47.4%
52.6%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1996
100.0%
49.6%
50.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1997
100.0%
48.4%
51.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1998
100.0%
46.0%
54.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
2750
1999
Truck SUV
2750
2000
Truck SUV
2750
2001
Truck SUV
2750
2002
Truck SUV
2750
2003
Truck SUV
2750
2004
Truck SUV
2750
2005
Truck SUV
2750
2006
Truck SUV
2750
2007
Truck SUV
2750
2008
Truck SUV
2750
2009
Truck SUV
2750
2010
Truck SUV
2750
2011
Truck SUV
2750
2012
Truck SUV
2750
2013
Truck SUV
2750
2014
Truck SUV
2750
2015
Truck SUV
2750
2016
Truck SUV
2750
2017
Truck SUV
2750
2018
Truck SUV
3000
1975
Truck SUV
3000
1976
100.0%
54.6%
45.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1977
100.0%
70.2%
29.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1978
100.0%
70.0%
30.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1979
100.0%
88.6%
11.4%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-78
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
3000
1980
43
0.004
19.7
16.0
17.6
16.7
546.5
500.3
532.0
222
92
15.6
0.440
0.0307
25.3
Truck SUV
3000
1981
38
0.004
20.9
16.8
19.0
17.7
520.7
463.2
500.9
223
101
14.8
0.469
0.0338
26.9
Truck SUV
3000
1982
25
0.003
20.2
15.9
19.0
17.2
552.3
465.8
517.1
241
104
15.2
0.440
0.0347
25.9
Truck SUV
3000
1983
37
0.004
20.5
16.3
19.0
17.4
544.2
466.1
510.4
251
110
13.3
0.444
0.0367
26.2
Truck SUV
3000
1984
69
0.005
22.6
18.3
20.6
19.2
484.4
429.8
462.0
203
102
14.4
0.526
0.0340
29.0
Truck SUV
3000
1985
15
0.001
24.5
19.2
23.2
20.8
461.5
381.4
426.4
150
94
15.3
0.624
0.0312
31.3
Truck SUV
3000
1986
3
0.000
22.8
18.5
20.1
19.2
478.2
440.6
462.1
150
105
13.2
0.703
0.0351
28.9
Truck SUV
3000
1987
11
0.001
22.4
17.9
20.1
18.9
496.4
442.6
471.4
150
117
12.2
0.780
0.0390
28.3
Truck SUV
3000
1988
7
0.000
22.3
17.8
19.9
18.7
499.4
446.5
474.4
150
117
12.4
0.780
0.0390
28.1
Truck SUV
3000
1989
20
0.001
22.1
17.4
19.9
18.5
509.8
447.4
480.4
150
117
11.9
0.780
0.0390
27.8
Truck SUV
3000
1990
28
0.002
23.3
18.4
20.5
19.4
475.9
430.7
458.1
136
111
11.8
0.831
0.0369
29.3
Truck SUV
3000
1991
11
0.001
27.1
21.8
22.9
22.3
407.8
387.0
397.8
97
85
15.1
0.877
0.0284
33.5
Truck SUV
3000
1992
29
0.002
23.7
18.5
20.7
19.5
476.4
424.1
455.1
139
123
10.9
0.891
0.0408
29.6
Truck SUV
3000
1993
39
0.003
24.0
18.7
20.8
19.7
469.6
420.2
450.1
133
119
10.7
0.902
0.0397
30.0
Truck SUV
3000
1994
51
0.004
23.5
18.3
20.2
19.2
481.1
432.7
462.2
135
115
11.0
0.860
0.0385
29.2
Truck SUV
3000
1995
105
0.007
23.3
18.0
19.9
18.9
490.5
441.0
469.0
140
118
11.0
0.843
0.0395
28.7
Truck SUV
3000
1996
53
0.004
28.0
20.8
24.9
22.8
426.4
356.3
390.2
111
111
12.4
0.998
0.0371
34.2
Truck SUV
3000
1997
16
0.001
27.8
20.6
24.5
22.5
432.1
361.9
395.3
98
97
13.7
0.988
0.0324
33.7
Truck SUV
3000
1998
19
0.001
27.4
20.3
23.9
22.1
438.0
371.7
402.9
105
108
13.1
1.024
0.0360
33.1
Truck SUV
3000
1999
17
0.001
28.3
21.1
24.0
22.6
420.1
370.2
394.0
120
121
11.6
1.007
0.0403
33.9
Truck SUV
3000
2000
11
0.001
28.0
20.7
23.7
22.2
429.8
373.9
399.8
118
124
11.0
1.044
0.0412
33.4
Truck SUV
3000
2001
8
0.001
27.7
20.4
23.2
21.9
435.5
382.3
406.2
122
127
10.8
1.041
0.0423
32.8
Truck SUV
3000
2002
7
0.000
27.8
20.2
23.5
21.9
440.3
378.1
405.9
118
125
10.9
1.056
0.0415
32.8
Truck SUV
3000
2003
6
0.000
27.8
20.0
23.5
21.8
443.3
378.6
407.1
122
127
10.8
1.041
0.0423
32.7
Truck SUV
3000
2004
1
0.000
23.7
16.8
20.6
18.8
530.1
430.4
473.8
165
165
8.3
1.000
0.0550
28.1
Truck SUV
3000
2005
0
0.000
23.5
16.5
20.6
18.6
538.2
432.1
477.8
152
165
8.3
1.086
0.0550
27.9
Truck SUV
3000
2006
Truck SUV
3000
2007
Truck SUV
3000
2008
Truck SUV
3000
2009
Truck SUV
3000
2010
Truck SUV
3000
2011
Truck SUV
3000
2012
Truck SUV
3000
2013
Truck SUV
3000
2014
Truck SUV
3000
2015
Truck SUV
3000
2016
Truck SUV
3000
2017
Truck SUV
3000
2018
0.001
40.6
27.4
33.5
30.6
324.0
265.6
290.7
43.8
122
147
9.4
1.204
0.0490
45.9
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1975
Truck SUV
3500
1976
Truck SUV
3500
1977
Truck SUV
3500
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-79
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
3000
1980
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1981
100.0%
90.6%
0.7%
8.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1982
100.0%
88.6%
11.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1983
100.0%
90.1%
9.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1984
100.0%
76.3%
23.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1985
100.0%
71.6%
28.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1986
100.0%
100.0%
96.5%
3.5%
Truck SUV
3000
1987
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1988
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1989
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1990
100.0%
100.0%
26.9%
73.1%
Truck SUV
3000
1991
100.0%
70.4%
29.6%
36.1%
63.9%
Truck SUV
3000
1992
100.0%
97.8%
2.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1993
100.0%
85.6%
14.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1994
100.0%
77.1%
22.9%
84.2%
15.8%
12.8%
Truck SUV
3000
1995
100.0%
79.7%
20.3%
81.4%
18.6%
Truck SUV
3000
1996
100.0%
34.6%
65.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1997
100.0%
27.3%
72.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1998
100.0%
32.6%
67.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
1999
100.0%
64.5%
35.5%
100.0%
17.6%
Truck SUV
3000
2000
100.0%
59.3%
40.7%
100.0%
0.0%
Truck SUV
3000
2001
100.0%
33.0%
67.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
2002
100.0%
60.1%
39.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
2003
100.0%
42.6%
57.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3000
2006
Truck SUV
3000
2007
Truck SUV
3000
2008
Truck SUV
3000
2009
Truck SUV
3000
2010
Truck SUV
3000
2011
Truck SUV
3000
2012
Truck SUV
3000
2013
Truck SUV
3000
2014
Truck SUV
3000
2015
Truck SUV
3000
2016
Truck SUV
3000
2017
Truck SUV
3000
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1975
Truck SUV
3500
1976
Truck SUV
3500
1977
Truck SUV
3500
1978
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-80
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
3500
1979
38
0.003
15.6
13.0
13.4
13.2
679.4
661.5
672.6
304
122
14.0
0.402
0.0349
23.2
Truck SUV
3500
1980
12
0.001
16.3
13.1
14.8
13.8
672.3
598.1
643.0
285
115
15.3
0.401
0.0329
24.3
Truck SUV
3500
1981
2
0.000
17.2
13.3
16.8
14.7
666.1
528.5
604.6
304
130
13.4
0.428
0.0371
25.7
Truck SUV
3500
1982
Truck SUV
3500
1983
13
0.001
23.4
18.0
22.9
19.9
491.8
386.6
445.5
166
107
15.0
0.649
0.0307
35.0
Truck SUV
3500
1984
173
0.012
21.3
16.9
19.8
18.1
523.7
445.0
490.2
167
102
16.4
0.615
0.0292
31.8
Truck SUV
3500
1985
237
0.016
21.8
17.1
20.7
18.6
516.4
426.0
479.3
165
103
15.7
0.629
0.0294
32.7
Truck SUV
3500
1986
316
0.021
21.8
17.1
20.4
18.5
516.3
431.2
480.4
171
119
13.6
0.705
0.0341
32.5
Truck SUV
3500
1987
336
0.023
22.2
17.2
21.1
18.8
514.7
418.6
472.6
195
135
12.7
0.705
0.0385
33.0
Truck SUV
3500
1988
305
0.020
20.9
15.9
20.2
17.7
555.1
438.6
502.9
213
149
12.0
0.709
0.0427
31.1
Truck SUV
3500
1989
189
0.013
20.3
15.4
19.3
17.0
575.5
459.1
521.2
242
162
11.0
0.676
0.0464
29.9
Truck SUV
3500
1990
159
0.013
20.5
15.3
19.8
17.2
579.0
446.6
516.3
241
164
10.3
0.683
0.0468
30.2
Truck SUV
3500
1991
138
0.011
19.8
14.9
18.8
16.6
592.5
471.8
536.2
227
172
9.9
0.763
0.0490
29.1
Truck SUV
3500
1992
119
0.010
19.4
14.4
18.6
16.2
613.3
473.8
547.1
242
190
9.2
0.785
0.0542
28.5
Truck SUV
3500
1993
108
0.008
19.6
14.6
18.7
16.4
608.3
474.5
543.3
240
189
8.5
0.787
0.0539
28.7
Truck SUV
3500
1994
106
0.007
19.4
14.4
18.3
16.1
617.0
484.2
550.9
240
189
8.4
0.786
0.0540
28.3
Truck SUV
3500
1995
119
0.008
19.8
14.5
18.7
16.4
610.6
472.7
543.1
231
182
9.0
0.796
0.0521
28.8
Truck SUV
3500
1996
147
0.011
19.9
14.5
18.9
16.5
612.5
469.0
539.8
235
186
9.3
0.799
0.0533
28.9
Truck SUV
3500
1997
297
0.021
22.7
16.8
20.2
18.4
520.7
434.5
481.8
174
148
10.9
0.880
0.0424
32.7
Truck SUV
3500
1998
293
0.020
24.0
17.6
21.3
19.4
495.0
409.6
457.8
159
147
11.4
0.957
0.0420
34.6
Truck SUV
3500
1999
258
0.017
25.7
18.8
22.5
20.6
468.0
391.8
430.7
136
144
11.6
1.076
0.0412
36.4
Truck SUV
3500
2000
333
0.020
24.0
17.4
21.2
19.3
500.7
413.4
461.4
158
153
10.7
1.013
0.0438
34.3
Truck SUV
3500
2001
437
0.028
24.8
17.7
22.1
19.9
495.8
398.6
447.3
153
164
10.1
1.089
0.0468
35.1
Truck SUV
3500
2002
398
0.025
25.9
18.3
23.2
20.7
480.7
380.1
429.1
152
167
10.2
1.098
0.0476
36.6
Truck SUV
3500
2003
415
0.026
26.0
18.2
23.3
20.7
484.8
379.6
428.6
153
167
10.0
1.092
0.0476
36.5
5.3%
Truck SUV
3500
2004
351
0.022
26.3
18.2
23.4
20.8
484.4
378.3
426.8
155
170
9.9
1.104
0.0487
36.6
4.7%
Truck SUV
3500
2005
281
0.018
26.9
18.6
23.5
21.1
472.5
373.1
420.4
152
164
9.9
1.088
0.0467
37.4
6.4%
Truck SUV
3500
2006
202
0.013
28.0
19.4
24.6
22.0
458.3
360.9
403.5
145
161
10.1
1.107
0.0460
38.6
8.3%
Truck SUV
3500
2007
144
0.009
28.8
20.2
24.4
22.4
438.8
362.5
396.4
147
170
9.6
1.152
0.0484
39.3
30.3%
Truck SUV
3500
2008
161
0.012
29.8
20.9
25.2
23.1
424.8
351.5
384.0
42.7
143
166
9.8
1.162
0.0474
40.6
37.0%
Truck SUV
3500
2009
160
0.017
29.2
20.3
25.2
22.8
437.5
351.0
389.4
43.3
147
171
9.6
1.163
0.0487
40.0
19.9%
Truck SUV
3500
2010
225
0.020
29.4
20.4
25.5
23.0
434.8
348.4
386.2
43.4
149
172
9.6
1.151
0.0490
40.3
16.3%
Truck SUV
3500
2011
262
0.022
30.7
21.1
26.4
23.9
419.9
336.0
372.6
43.8
146
171
9.5
1.168
0.0487
41.8
17.7%
Truck SUV
3500
2012
299
0.022
30.8
21.1
26.8
24.0
421.1
330.0
370.1
43.9
149
175
9.4
1.178
0.0500
42.1
Truck SUV
3500
2013
349
0.023
32.6
22.2
28.2
25.3
398.3
313.3
351.7
44.1
141
170
9.6
1.212
0.0485
44.4
Truck SUV
3500
2014
567
0.037
33.6
22.8
29.1
26.0
388.2
303.7
342.0
43.9
142
170
9.5
1.209
0.0486
45.7
1.7%
Truck SUV
3500
2015
616
0.037
34.4
23.2
29.5
26.4
380.0
299.0
336.3
43.7
140
167
9.5
1.215
0.0478
46.6
1.1%
Truck SUV
3500
2016
624
0.038
34.4
23.2
29.7
26.5
380.1
297.6
335.6
43.4
138
170
9.4
1.253
0.0486
46.7
3.3%
Truck SUV
3500
2017
677
0.040
36.0
24.4
31.4
27.9
360.5
281.9
318.0
44.0
129
171
9.2
1.396
0.0489
49.2
2.7%
Truck SUV
3500
2018
0.046
36.2
24.4
31.0
27.7
361.9
286.3
320.4
44.2
125
174
9.1
1.458
0.0496
48.7
4.4%
Truck SUV
4000
1975
16
0.002
13.2
10.6
12.2
11.2
840.3
726.0
790.9
350
144
0.412
0.0360
22.5
Truck SUV
4000
1976
24
0.002
13.8
11.0
12.7
11.7
805.4
694.5
758.4
353
145
0.408
0.0362
23.5
Truck SUV
4000
1977
30
0.002
14.7
11.7
13.6
12.5
753.8
652.3
710.5
359
148
0.409
0.0369
25.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-81
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
3500
1979
100.0%
78.6%
21.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1980
100.0%
44.2%
55.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1981
100.0%
76.8%
23.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1982
Truck SUV
3500
1983
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1984
100.0%
36.3%
44.1%
19.6%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1985
100.0%
52.2%
0.6%
47.3%
88.5%
8.1%
2.8%
0.5%
Truck SUV
3500
1986
100.0%
55.6%
1.3%
43.1%
54.4%
34.8%
10.7%
0.1%
Truck SUV
3500
1987
100.0%
55.1%
7.2%
37.7%
29.7%
63.6%
6.7%
0.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1988
100.0%
37.4%
5.1%
57.5%
16.2%
83.2%
0.6%
Truck SUV
3500
1989
100.0%
26.8%
5.5%
67.7%
20.5%
78.9%
0.7%
Truck SUV
3500
1990
100.0%
24.4%
4.6%
71.1%
16.7%
82.7%
0.6%
Truck SUV
3500
1991
100.0%
37.2%
5.0%
57.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1992
100.0%
25.0%
5.2%
69.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1993
100.0%
35.3%
7.3%
57.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1994
100.0%
35.7%
64.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
1995
100.0%
30.2%
69.8%
100.0%
4.4%
Truck SUV
3500
1996
100.0%
12.8%
87.2%
100.0%
4.6%
Truck SUV
3500
1997
95.7%
4.3%
47.0%
53.0%
100.0%
46.1%
Truck SUV
3500
1998
94.4%
5.6%
39.4%
60.6%
100.0%
65.1%
Truck SUV
3500
1999
100.0%
0.0%
26.3%
73.7%
100.0%
83.2%
Truck SUV
3500
2000
100.0%
0.0%
15.9%
84.1%
100.0%
60.4%
Truck SUV
3500
2001
98.6%
1.4%
11.8%
88.2%
100.0%
84.1%
10.6%
Truck SUV
3500
2002
98.6%
1.4%
10.0%
89.5%
0.4%
100.0%
90.7%
38.5%
Truck SUV
3500
2003
94.0%
0.7%
7.8%
88.5%
3.7%
100.0%
94.0%
41.1%
Truck SUV
3500
2004
94.1%
1.2%
8.8%
89.5%
1.6%
100.0%
100.0%
52.5%
Truck SUV
3500
2005
92.0%
1.6%
16.1%
83.2%
0.6%
100.0%
92.4%
62.0%
Truck SUV
3500
2006
91.7%
10.1%
89.9%
100.0%
100.0%
65.0%
Truck SUV
3500
2007
69.4%
0.4%
10.1%
33.0%
56.9%
100.0%
100.0%
69.5%
Truck SUV
3500
2008
62.9%
0.1%
7.4%
33.6%
59.0%
100.0%
100.0%
67.2%
Truck SUV
3500
2009
77.9%
2.2%
7.8%
55.1%
37.1%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
45.3%
Truck SUV
3500
2010
81.8%
1.9%
8.0%
53.5%
38.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
2011
81.2%
1.1%
5.6%
43.5%
50.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
2012
100.0%
3.2%
66.9%
29.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
2013
100.0%
3.6%
58.5%
37.9%
7.2%
92.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
2014
98.3%
2.9%
50.3%
46.7%
5.9%
94.1%
100.0%
100.0%
1.6%
Truck SUV
3500
2015
98.9%
2.6%
33.5%
63.8%
15.6%
84.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.7%
Truck SUV
3500
2016
96.7%
2.6%
43.1%
54.4%
33.9%
66.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.4%
Truck SUV
3500
2017
97.3%
2.1%
31.5%
66.4%
25.5%
74.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
3500
2018
95.6%
4.5%
1.0%
39.5%
55.0%
50.9%
49.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1975
100.0%
27.7%
72.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1976
100.0%
28.1%
71.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1977
100.0%
26.2%
73.8%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-82
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
4000
1978
40
0.003
14.5
11.6
13.4
12.3
765.0
661.2
719.6
361
145
13.0
0.400
0.0361
24.7
Truck SUV
4000
1979
7
0.000
15.7
12.6
14.3
13.3
703.0
616.6
668.0
222
95
18.4
0.422
0.0237
26.7
Truck SUV
4000
1980
7
0.001
15.9
12.9
14.3
13.5
681.0
616.8
657.9
248
99
18.0
0.400
0.0249
27.2
Truck SUV
4000
1981
7
0.001
16.9
13.4
15.7
14.4
660.5
562.1
619.2
258
112
16.8
0.434
0.0280
28.8
Truck SUV
4000
1982
8
0.001
19.4
15.3
18.2
16.5
572.5
479.6
538.9
258
110
18.0
0.428
0.0276
33.5
Truck SUV
4000
1983
68
0.007
21.9
16.7
21.8
18.7
531.3
406.7
475.8
175
110
16.6
0.631
0.0275
37.4
Truck SUV
4000
1984
116
0.008
22.1
16.7
22.7
18.9
532.4
392.2
469.4
173
110
16.6
0.636
0.0275
37.9
Truck SUV
4000
1985
173
0.012
22.0
16.6
22.6
18.8
535.0
393.1
471.7
173
110
16.4
0.636
0.0275
37.7
Truck SUV
4000
1986
154
0.010
21.1
16.2
20.6
17.9
540.8
431.1
496.9
165
121
14.6
0.738
0.0304
36.4
Truck SUV
4000
1987
184
0.012
20.4
15.5
20.0
17.3
571.8
441.5
514.1
172
127
14.5
0.737
0.0317
34.7
Truck SUV
4000
1988
259
0.017
20.8
15.9
19.8
17.6
555.4
444.1
506.2
190
135
13.9
0.723
0.0337
35.3
Truck SUV
4000
1989
348
0.024
21.2
16.2
20.0
17.8
546.6
442.1
499.4
213
146
12.6
0.703
0.0366
35.8
Truck SUV
4000
1990
196
0.016
20.5
15.7
19.2
17.2
564.8
460.3
516.6
197
141
12.1
0.735
0.0353
34.5
Truck SUV
4000
1991
335
0.027
20.8
15.6
19.8
17.4
567.1
446.0
510.0
231
153
11.6
0.676
0.0383
35.0
Truck SUV
4000
1992
226
0.019
20.2
14.9
19.5
16.9
594.1
453.7
526.2
234
165
10.9
0.711
0.0412
33.8
Truck SUV
4000
1993
204
0.015
21.3
15.6
20.5
17.7
568.3
432.0
501.2
246
190
9.3
0.776
0.0474
35.5
Truck SUV
4000
1994
344
0.024
18.9
13.9
17.9
15.7
635.2
495.2
566.8
249
189
9.3
0.774
0.0472
31.5
Truck SUV
4000
1995
414
0.027
19.0
13.9
17.9
15.7
635.9
494.7
565.3
242
187
9.7
0.789
0.0467
31.5
Truck SUV
4000
1996
359
0.027
19.3
14.0
18.2
15.9
630.0
487.4
558.9
254
193
9.8
0.772
0.0483
31.9
Truck SUV
4000
1997
433
0.030
19.9
14.5
18.5
16.3
611.5
478.9
544.5
240
189
9.9
0.803
0.0474
32.8
Truck SUV
4000
1998
499
0.034
20.2
14.5
19.0
16.6
609.2
466.3
535.4
236
190
10.2
0.818
0.0474
33.3
Truck SUV
4000
1999
599
0.039
20.8
15.0
19.2
17.0
589.9
461.5
523.1
222
194
10.0
0.887
0.0486
34.1
Truck SUV
4000
2000
451
0.027
20.9
15.0
19.0
16.9
588.6
466.4
524.6
223
192
9.7
0.874
0.0479
34.0
Truck SUV
4000
2001
475
0.030
21.3
15.1
19.4
17.2
583.8
454.5
516.7
214
197
9.4
0.945
0.0493
34.6
7.4%
Truck SUV
4000
2002
523
0.032
21.6
15.3
19.5
17.4
575.4
451.3
511.4
203
197
9.6
0.991
0.0493
35.1
11.5%
Truck SUV
4000
2003
573
0.036
22.8
16.0
20.5
18.3
548.8
429.1
486.4
199
199
9.4
1.021
0.0499
36.9
12.5%
Truck SUV
4000
2004
764
0.049
22.3
15.3
20.7
18.0
574.4
426.8
494.7
218
204
9.2
0.952
0.0509
36.2
CO
CO
Truck SUV
4000
2005
586
0.037
23.2
16.0
21.0
18.5
546.9
420.1
479.8
195
202
9.3
1.044
0.0504
37.4
12.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2006
557
0.037
23.5
16.2
21.1
18.7
535.7
413.4
475.8
194
198
9.5
1.034
0.0494
38.1
9.8%
Truck SUV
4000
2007
700
0.046
25.5
17.5
22.9
20.2
501.3
383.7
439.4
177
199
9.6
1.144
0.0497
40.9
7.6%
Truck SUV
4000
2008
638
0.046
26.4
18.2
23.4
20.9
480.7
375.9
425.8
44.3
171
192
9.8
1.139
0.0481
42.2
2.7%
Truck SUV
4000
2009
415
0.045
27.5
18.9
24.6
21.8
466.0
358.9
408.5
44.6
166
197
9.4
1.201
0.0493
43.8
6.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2010
628
0.057
28.3
19.3
25.3
22.3
454.8
347.7
398.2
44.8
169
201
9.3
1.202
0.0503
45.1
7.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2011
782
0.065
28.8
19.7
25.4
22.6
446.3
347.0
393.4
45.1
166
195
9.5
1.192
0.0488
45.6
4.9%
Truck SUV
4000
2012
568
0.042
29.1
19.8
25.6
22.7
443.7
344.3
390.8
44.7
167
207
9.2
1.242
0.0518
45.9
6.1%
Truck SUV
4000
2013
841
0.055
31.0
20.9
27.3
24.1
421.5
323.1
368.1
45.7
150
199
9.3
1.355
0.0497
48.6
6.8%
Truck SUV
4000
2014
966
0.062
31.4
21.2
27.8
24.5
415.4
317.7
362.4
45.9
152
202
9.1
1.360
0.0505
49.4
6.5%
Truck SUV
4000
2015
1333
0.080
32.7
22.0
28.6
25.3
398.5
307.9
350.7
45.9
153
199
9.2
1.321
0.0497
51.2
4.5%
Truck SUV
4000
2016
1448
0.089
33.2
22.4
28.8
25.6
390.9
306.5
346.5
46.0
152
198
9.1
1.325
0.0494
51.8
6.2%
Truck SUV
4000
2017
1554
0.091
32.6
22.1
28.7
25.4
395.9
306.4
349.7
46.2
149
197
9.1
1.364
0.0493
51.4
7.2%
Truck SUV
4000
2018
0.095
33.3
22.5
28.5
25.6
389.8
310.0
347.9
45.9
143
198
8.9
1.448
0.0496
51.6
8.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1975
41
0.004
13.5
10.7
12.6
11.5
827.9
698.8
775.8
351
157
0.446
0.0348
26.0
Truck SUV
4500
1976
47
0.004
13.9
11.0
13.0
11.8
804.4
675.4
753.3
349
150
0.430
0.0333
26.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-83
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
4000
1978
100.0%
29.2%
70.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1979
100.0%
97.5%
2.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1980
100.0%
69.7%
30.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1981
100.0%
33.7%
66.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1982
100.0%
33.8%
66.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1983
100.0%
28.9%
71.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1984
100.0%
22.9%
77.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1985
100.0%
17.9%
82.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1986
100.0%
31.9%
68.1%
0.0%
23.4%
73.4%
3.2%
Truck SUV
4000
1987
100.0%
19.9%
80.1%
5.4%
94.6%
0.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1988
100.0%
32.8%
67.2%
33.2%
66.8%
Truck SUV
4000
1989
99.0%
1.0%
30.4%
2.6%
66.9%
43.8%
56.2%
Truck SUV
4000
1990
98.7%
1.3%
42.2%
57.8%
64.5%
35.5%
Truck SUV
4000
1991
98.3%
1.7%
21.5%
78.5%
31.9%
68.1%
Truck SUV
4000
1992
95.7%
4.3%
22.5%
77.5%
55.0%
45.0%
Truck SUV
4000
1993
94.5%
5.5%
16.9%
83.1%
98.3%
1.7%
Truck SUV
4000
1994
100.0%
15.0%
85.0%
99.3%
0.7%
23.2%
Truck SUV
4000
1995
92.6%
7.4%
15.1%
84.9%
100.0%
21.5%
Truck SUV
4000
1996
95.8%
4.2%
5.9%
94.1%
100.0%
12.1%
Truck SUV
4000
1997
86.9%
13.1%
7.6%
92.4%
100.0%
34.4%
Truck SUV
4000
1998
89.3%
10.7%
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
32.6%
Truck SUV
4000
1999
85.8%
14.2%
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
36.2%
11.5%
Truck SUV
4000
2000
82.6%
17.4%
10.9%
89.1%
100.0%
37.0%
13.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2001
77.3%
15.3%
6.5%
93.5%
100.0%
49.6%
33.3%
Truck SUV
4000
2002
68.4%
20.1%
7.6%
92.4%
100.0%
59.6%
32.6%
Truck SUV
4000
2003
80.6%
6.9%
7.0%
87.6%
5.4%
100.0%
65.8%
47.6%
Truck SUV
4000
2004
76.1%
15.2%
6.7%
88.6%
4.7%
100.0%
42.0%
29.7%
Truck SUV
4000
2005
88.0%
3.4%
88.6%
8.0%
100.0%
69.7%
32.7%
1.1%
Truck SUV
4000
2006
90.2%
7.3%
87.4%
5.3%
100.0%
63.5%
40.2%
2.3%
Truck SUV
4000
2007
86.4%
6.1%
3.5%
91.6%
4.8%
100.0%
78.4%
65.0%
1.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2008
89.5%
7.8%
3.3%
88.7%
8.0%
2.1%
97.9%
85.3%
63.1%
2.3%
Truck SUV
4000
2009
91.5%
2.5%
0.3%
85.4%
14.3%
5.8%
94.2%
92.2%
75.9%
1.9%
Truck SUV
4000
2010
90.4%
2.7%
2.3%
2.7%
79.4%
15.6%
3.8%
96.2%
91.1%
90.2%
1.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2011
91.2%
3.9%
1.6%
76.2%
22.2%
3.9%
96.1%
91.5%
91.0%
0.5%
Truck SUV
4000
2012
93.9%
3.6%
71.2%
25.2%
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.4%
Truck SUV
4000
2013
93.2%
1.8%
78.6%
19.6%
35.4%
64.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2014
93.5%
1.0%
79.3%
19.7%
37.6%
62.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2015
95.5%
1.0%
62.1%
36.9%
42.1%
57.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4000
2016
93.8%
0.6%
58.1%
41.3%
46.3%
53.7%
100.0%
100.0%
2.5%
Truck SUV
4000
2017
92.8%
0.4%
64.7%
34.8%
41.3%
58.7%
100.0%
100.0%
3.5%
Truck SUV
4000
2018
92.0%
0.3%
70.7%
29.0%
46.7%
52.2%
1.1%
100.0%
98.3%
4.8%
Truck SUV
4500
1975
56.9%
43.1%
12.0%
88.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1976
57.7%
42.3%
12.5%
87.5%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-84
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
4500
1977
101
0.007
15.4
12.3
14.2
13.1
715.0
623.8
678.2
345
150
0.436
0.0334
29.6
Truck SUV
4500
1978
119
0.008
14.7
11.7
13.6
12.5
756.0
649.1
711.9
343
157
13.3
0.459
0.0350
28.2
Truck SUV
4500
1979
56
0.004
12.9
10.4
11.7
10.9
852.5
752.3
813.6
334
140
15.2
0.420
0.0311
24.8
Truck SUV
4500
1980
50
0.004
14.5
11.7
13.1
12.3
748.6
675.5
727.2
313
139
15.6
0.446
0.0308
28.4
Truck SUV
4500
1981
42
0.004
15.8
12.5
14.7
13.4
703.0
598.7
662.0
317
137
15.5
0.435
0.0304
30.5
Truck SUV
4500
1982
50
0.005
15.7
12.4
14.6
13.3
707.4
602.6
667.5
316
139
16.4
0.443
0.0309
30.3
Truck SUV
4500
1983
55
0.005
15.7
12.5
14.6
13.3
702.7
601.2
666.2
317
135
15.4
0.430
0.0301
30.4
Truck SUV
4500
1984
61
0.004
14.8
11.8
13.7
12.6
741.7
641.2
706.6
320
134
15.2
0.420
0.0298
28.7
Truck SUV
4500
1985
60
0.004
15.0
12.0
13.9
12.8
727.3
632.5
695.5
321
145
14.3
0.456
0.0323
29.2
Truck SUV
4500
1986
46
0.003
15.6
12.3
14.6
13.2
708.9
600.1
671.4
325
142
13.9
0.438
0.0315
30.3
Truck SUV
4500
1987
32
0.002
14.6
11.4
13.7
12.4
769.9
639.6
716.8
326
144
14.0
0.450
0.0320
28.2
Truck SUV
4500
1988
34
0.002
15.0
11.8
13.8
12.7
742.5
637.9
701.3
312
148
14.0
0.494
0.0328
28.8
Truck SUV
4500
1989
31
0.002
14.9
11.6
13.8
12.5
763.9
639.4
710.3
311
151
13.3
0.505
0.0335
28.4
Truck SUV
4500
1990
58
0.005
17.5
13.4
16.5
14.7
656.9
529.9
603.6
221
153
12.5
0.740
0.0341
33.6
Truck SUV
4500
1991
262
0.021
19.8
14.7
19.1
16.6
601.9
462.8
536.1
227
167
11.8
0.742
0.0371
37.4
Truck SUV
4500
1992
260
0.021
19.4
14.6
18.4
16.2
608.9
481.1
547.7
221
167
11.5
0.764
0.0372
36.6
Truck SUV
4500
1993
298
0.023
19.7
14.6
18.6
16.4
606.1
475.8
543.1
217
167
10.8
0.778
0.0372
36.9
Truck SUV
4500
1994
546
0.039
19.9
14.7
19.0
16.6
604.8
464.2
536.5
229
177
10.4
0.776
0.0393
37.4
Truck SUV
4500
1995
645
0.043
19.9
14.5
18.9
16.5
608.7
464.0
538.5
233
174
10.8
0.754
0.0386
37.4
Truck SUV
4500
1996
736
0.056
20.2
14.5
19.5
16.7
609.5
454.8
531.4
251
176
11.1
0.708
0.0391
37.8
Truck SUV
4500
1997
832
0.058
19.8
14.3
18.8
16.3
619.5
471.5
544.0
252
181
10.8
0.724
0.0402
36.9
Truck SUV
4500
1998
719
0.050
20.1
14.4
19.1
16.5
616.1
464.3
537.9
251
184
11.0
0.745
0.0410
37.3
Truck SUV
4500
1999
747
0.049
19.7
14.1
18.4
16.1
628.9
483.2
552.3
259
199
10.5
0.777
0.0442
36.3
Truck SUV
4500
2000
904
0.055
19.9
14.1
18.6
16.2
628.9
475.6
547.8
254
197
10.1
0.783
0.0437
36.6
Truck SUV
4500
2001
1006
0.064
20.4
14.4
19.0
16.6
614.5
465.7
536.1
237
207
9.6
0.886
0.0460
37.5
16.4%
Truck SUV
4500
2002
1525
0.095
19.9
14.0
18.6
16.2
635.1
476.0
549.0
243
225
9.2
0.931
0.0501
36.5
Truck SUV
4500
2003
968
0.061
20.7
14.4
19.3
16.8
616.6
458.0
529.8
238
229
9.0
0.968
0.0509
37.8
0.0%
Truck SUV
4500
2004
1158
0.074
21.3
14.7
19.8
17.2
603.2
447.1
517.6
234
229
9.0
0.991
0.0508
38.8
2.6%
Truck SUV
4500
2005
929
0.058
21.6
14.7
20.0
17.3
600.5
443.6
513.3
227
236
CO
CO
1.046
0.0524
39.2
0.9%
Truck SUV
4500
2006
878
0.058
22.7
15.6
20.7
18.2
551.4
427.2
489.9
222
232
8.7
1.050
0.0516
41.5
8.5%
Truck SUV
4500
2007
1041
0.068
22.5
15.5
20.5
18.0
563.9
431.8
494.0
225
241
8.7
1.076
0.0535
40.8
6.8%
Truck SUV
4500
2008
1014
0.073
23.0
15.7
21.1
18.4
560.1
420.0
483.7
47.4
222
245
8.7
1.107
0.0544
41.6
11.2%
Truck SUV
4500
2009
599
0.064
23.5
16.0
21.8
18.8
553.7
406.0
471.9
48.5
216
249
8.4
1.155
0.0553
42.6
22.0%
Truck SUV
4500
2010
700
0.063
23.9
16.3
22.0
19.1
544.1
401.3
465.0
48.1
218
251
8.4
1.157
0.0557
43.2
18.8%
Truck SUV
4500
2011
795
0.066
24.4
16.6
22.5
19.5
532.0
392.3
454.8
49.2
216
256
8.3
1.199
0.0569
44.2
22.1%
Truck SUV
4500
2012
789
0.059
24.7
16.8
22.7
19.7
526.0
388.3
450.3
49.3
213
264
8.1
1.249
0.0586
44.7
22.8%
Truck SUV
4500
2013
999
0.066
25.7
17.4
23.5
20.4
507.7
376.3
435.1
50.1
211
272
7.9
1.302
0.0605
46.2
28.3%
Truck SUV
4500
2014
948
0.061
26.0
17.6
23.8
20.7
502.1
371.1
430.4
50.2
211
274
7.8
1.308
0.0608
46.8
23.7%
Truck SUV
4500
2015
1203
0.072
26.3
17.7
24.0
20.8
498.3
368.2
427.3
50.0
207
273
7.8
1.341
0.0606
47.2
24.9%
Truck SUV
4500
2016
1243
0.076
26.7
18.0
24.3
21.1
491.2
362.0
420.8
50.0
201
275
7.6
1.407
0.0612
47.9
24.4%
Truck SUV
4500
2017
1456
0.086
27.1
18.2
24.9
21.5
485.1
353.0
413.6
50.3
200
284
7.4
1.458
0.0632
48.8
31.0%
Truck SUV
4500
2018
0.090
28.1
18.9
25.2
22.0
465.3
350.8
403.9
50.8
188
281
7.4
1.564
0.0624
49.9
31.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1975
67
0.007
11.1
9.4
9.4
9.4
939.3
942.4
942.7
347
157
0.453
0.0315
23.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-85
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
4500
1977
74.2%
25.8%
13.7%
86.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1978
81.5%
18.5%
13.3%
86.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1979
84.3%
15.7%
11.2%
88.8%
98.7%
1.3%
Truck SUV
4500
1980
92.3%
7.7%
25.0%
62.2%
12.8%
91.4%
8.6%
Truck SUV
4500
1981
94.4%
5.6%
31.1%
27.6%
41.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1982
89.6%
10.4%
28.2%
40.1%
31.6%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1983
98.0%
2.0%
22.8%
37.6%
39.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1984
93.0%
7.0%
29.0%
69.1%
1.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1985
72.2%
27.8%
23.2%
76.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1986
80.7%
19.3%
14.0%
53.6%
32.4%
77.5%
22.5%
Truck SUV
4500
1987
70.4%
29.6%
16.4%
60.9%
22.7%
93.0%
7.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1988
76.8%
23.2%
1.6%
53.3%
45.1%
47.1%
31.5%
21.5%
Truck SUV
4500
1989
74.0%
26.0%
1.9%
50.8%
47.3%
39.8%
34.2%
26.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1990
91.6%
8.4%
2.2%
20.1%
77.7%
11.8%
79.9%
8.4%
Truck SUV
4500
1991
99.3%
0.7%
14.6%
2.1%
83.3%
1.4%
97.9%
0.7%
Truck SUV
4500
1992
99.7%
0.3%
15.3%
84.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1993
99.7%
0.3%
13.1%
86.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4500
1994
100.0%
8.1%
91.9%
100.0%
11.9%
Truck SUV
4500
1995
90.4%
9.6%
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
21.5%
Truck SUV
4500
1996
74.7%
25.3%
3.2%
96.8%
100.0%
9.4%
Truck SUV
4500
1997
79.0%
21.0%
2.5%
97.5%
100.0%
7.5%
Truck SUV
4500
1998
89.8%
10.2%
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
9.8%
Truck SUV
4500
1999
91.2%
8.8%
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
9.9%
Truck SUV
4500
2000
91.6%
8.4%
1.7%
98.3%
100.0%
12.6%
Truck SUV
4500
2001
71.8%
11.8%
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
28.8%
15.1%
Truck SUV
4500
2002
73.4%
26.6%
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
35.9%
25.7%
Truck SUV
4500
2003
68.6%
31.4%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
50.6%
39.0%
Truck SUV
4500
2004
74.9%
22.4%
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
58.7%
48.4%
Truck SUV
4500
2005
70.7%
28.4%
0.8%
99.2%
99.1%
0.9%
70.0%
61.9%
Truck SUV
4500
2006
63.6%
27.9%
0.9%
86.6%
12.5%
99.2%
0.8%
81.3%
72.7%
9.1%
Truck SUV
4500
2007
76.3%
16.9%
2.7%
90.0%
7.4%
100.0%
0.0%
78.3%
63.3%
3.8%
Truck SUV
4500
2008
77.8%
11.0%
1.9%
95.5%
2.6%
100.0%
0.0%
75.7%
61.6%
2.6%
Truck SUV
4500
2009
75.0%
3.1%
1.0%
91.1%
7.9%
1.3%
98.7%
82.4%
66.8%
0.0%
Truck SUV
4500
2010
76.9%
4.3%
1.4%
94.1%
4.5%
2.7%
97.3%
79.7%
71.3%
Truck SUV
4500
2011
75.0%
2.8%
1.2%
95.0%
3.8%
3.9%
96.1%
84.8%
82.9%
Truck SUV
4500
2012
71.7%
5.5%
1.9%
94.3%
3.8%
5.7%
94.3%
90.0%
90.0%
Truck SUV
4500
2013
68.3%
3.4%
1.2%
84.6%
14.2%
7.5%
92.3%
0.2%
100.0%
99.8%
0.1%
Truck SUV
4500
2014
69.1%
7.2%
1.9%
81.7%
16.4%
13.6%
85.3%
1.2%
94.8%
98.8%
0.1%
Truck SUV
4500
2015
68.2%
6.8%
1.6%
1.2%
86.6%
10.7%
14.8%
84.3%
1.0%
100.0%
99.0%
0.2%
Truck SUV
4500
2016
72.5%
3.0%
1.4%
0.9%
92.3%
5.3%
42.2%
57.5%
0.3%
100.0%
99.7%
0.2%
Truck SUV
4500
2017
67.9%
1.2%
0.9%
1.9%
88.0%
9.1%
60.4%
39.4%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Truck SUV
4500
2018
67.3%
1.6%
1.5%
1.2%
91.1%
6.3%
68.1%
31.4%
0.4%
100.0%
96.2%
4.3%
Truck SUV
5000
1975
98.7%
1.3%
19.5%
80.5%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-86
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
5000
1976
101
0.008
12.8
10.5
11.5
10.9
847.1
770.4
815.8
357
151
0.421
0.0301
27.3
Truck SUV
5000
1977
66
0.005
13.6
11.2
12.0
11.5
791.0
734.8
771.5
351
160
0.457
0.0320
29.0
Truck SUV
5000
1978
114
0.008
13.0
10.5
11.7
11.0
844.9
757.8
808.1
370
168
13.7
0.454
0.0336
27.6
Truck SUV
5000
1979
173
0.012
11.4
9.5
9.9
9.6
935.3
898.7
921.3
351
152
15.3
0.433
0.0303
24.2
Truck SUV
5000
1980
60
0.005
14.0
11.2
12.9
11.9
789.1
683.0
745.2
343
159
15.0
0.463
0.0317
30.0
Truck SUV
5000
1981
43
0.004
15.3
12.2
14.1
13.0
719.9
619.6
684.4
328
154
15.4
0.473
0.0309
32.9
Truck SUV
5000
1982
37
0.004
15.1
12.0
14.1
12.9
730.2
610.1
690.7
330
156
16.1
0.476
0.0311
32.8
Truck SUV
5000
1983
54
0.005
15.7
12.3
15.0
13.4
711.4
578.5
663.5
328
157
14.6
0.482
0.0315
34.1
Truck SUV
5000
1984
121
0.009
15.3
12.0
14.6
13.0
727.4
596.2
681.6
330
164
14.2
0.497
0.0327
33.2
Truck SUV
5000
1985
133
0.009
15.7
12.3
15.0
13.4
715.4
581.4
663.9
330
169
13.7
0.510
0.0337
33.9
Truck SUV
5000
1986
135
0.009
16.4
12.7
15.8
14.0
695.1
556.6
637.0
324
163
13.3
0.503
0.0326
35.1
Truck SUV
5000
1987
97
0.007
15.7
12.2
14.9
13.3
721.7
585.4
667.0
326
175
13.2
0.535
0.0350
33.7
Truck SUV
5000
1988
101
0.007
16.1
12.4
15.3
13.6
714.6
574.9
653.6
330
181
13.1
0.545
0.0362
34.2
Truck SUV
5000
1989
112
0.008
15.9
12.2
15.2
13.4
724.7
576.1
661.5
328
179
12.7
0.540
0.0357
33.9
Truck SUV
5000
1990
83
0.007
16.0
11.9
15.7
13.5
740.0
562.2
657.9
332
184
11.5
0.553
0.0369
33.9
Truck SUV
5000
1991
51
0.004
15.8
11.8
15.3
13.3
747.7
579.6
668.5
312
188
11.5
0.604
0.0375
33.3
Truck SUV
5000
1992
36
0.003
15.7
11.6
15.2
13.2
760.5
580.9
675.7
292
174
12.0
0.622
0.0348
33.0
Truck SUV
5000
1993
46
0.003
16.1
11.9
15.5
13.5
742.8
568.7
659.2
313
200
10.1
0.646
0.0400
33.9
Truck SUV
5000
1994
51
0.004
16.5
12.2
15.7
13.7
727.3
564.0
647.0
310
202
9.9
0.659
0.0404
34.4
Truck SUV
5000
1995
70
0.005
17.0
12.4
16.3
14.1
714.6
544.4
629.3
322
199
10.2
0.625
0.0398
35.4
Truck SUV
5000
1996
82
0.006
17.0
12.4
16.1
14.1
713.3
548.5
630.4
318
216
10.2
0.685
0.0431
35.3
Truck SUV
5000
1997
120
0.008
18.0
13.0
17.1
14.9
681.4
516.6
598.3
308
226
9.8
0.738
0.0453
37.3
Truck SUV
5000
1998
265
0.018
17.3
12.4
16.7
14.3
717.3
529.3
620.2
317
223
10.2
0.705
0.0446
36.0
Truck SUV
5000
1999
356
0.023
17.4
12.4
16.6
14.3
710.7
533.8
619.7
307
234
9.9
0.779
0.0468
36.1
Truck SUV
5000
2000
254
0.015
17.6
12.4
16.8
14.5
711.0
525.4
613.4
295
229
9.6
0.784
0.0459
36.4
Truck SUV
5000
2001
160
0.010
17.1
12.0
16.4
14.0
738.3
540.6
632.6
282
233
9.4
0.847
0.0467
35.2
Truck SUV
5000
2002
404
0.025
18.9
13.2
17.8
15.4
670.1
497.2
576.9
255
244
9.3
0.976
0.0489
38.7
Truck SUV
5000
2003
638
0.040
19.3
13.4
18.2
15.7
663.9
486.5
565.9
259
256
8.9
1.002
0.0513
39.3
Truck SUV
5000
2004
683
0.044
19.6
13.4
18.5
15.9
659.0
479.3
559.7
263
265
8.7
1.025
0.0529
39.8
Truck SUV
5000
2005
621
0.039
19.5
13.3
18.4
15.8
665.1
481.7
562.4
260
261
8.7
1.025
0.0522
39.6
Truck SUV
5000
2006
811
0.054
20.0
13.7
18.8
16.2
649.4
471.6
549.4
252
255
9.0
1.024
0.0510
40.5
1.0%
Truck SUV
5000
2007
584
0.038
20.4
13.9
19.2
16.5
637.9
459.5
539.4
249
259
8.9
1.051
0.0517
41.5
8.0%
Truck SUV
5000
2008
685
0.049
21.4
14.5
20.1
17.2
600.3
437.9
516.0
51.0
240
260
CO
CO
1.095
0.0519
43.7
17.4%
Truck SUV
5000
2009
328
0.035
22.6
15.3
21.1
18.2
572.0
417.3
490.1
52.7
227
272
8.2
1.211
0.0545
45.9
33.9%
Truck SUV
5000
2010
444
0.040
23.2
15.8
21.5
18.6
548.9
409.0
478.4
51.7
228
268
8.4
1.185
0.0535
47.2
25.8%
Truck SUV
5000
2011
667
0.056
24.0
16.2
22.3
19.2
544.5
397.1
462.8
52.9
222
294
7.9
1.329
0.0588
48.3
24.3%
Truck SUV
5000
2012
693
0.052
24.3
16.4
22.6
19.5
538.3
392.1
457.1
53.1
220
288
8.0
1.312
0.0576
48.8
24.1%
Truck SUV
5000
2013
620
0.041
24.7
16.7
22.9
19.7
527.2
388.2
451.0
52.7
216
289
7.9
1.344
0.0578
49.6
18.5%
Truck SUV
5000
2014
790
0.051
25.1
16.9
23.4
20.1
523.9
379.4
443.1
52.9
218
290
7.8
1.339
0.0581
50.4
22.5%
Truck SUV
5000
2015
894
0.053
25.2
17.0
23.5
20.2
520.5
378.6
441.6
52.8
217
293
7.7
1.355
0.0586
50.6
17.6%
Truck SUV
5000
2016
842
0.052
24.7
16.7
22.8
19.7
526.2
387.6
451.2
52.6
213
294
7.8
1.411
0.0589
49.6
16.2%
Truck SUV
5000
2017
1100
0.065
25.5
17.2
23.5
20.3
507.6
375.3
437.7
52.4
211
297
7.6
1.426
0.0593
51.3
12.6%
Truck SUV
5000
2018
0.056
26.5
18.0
23.6
20.8
484.8
372.9
427.4
51.7
213
292
7.7
1.402
0.0584
52.5
1.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-87
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
5000
1976
97.9%
2.1%
18.9%
81.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1977
96.4%
3.6%
21.0%
79.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1978
97.3%
2.7%
19.7%
80.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1979
68.1%
31.9%
14.7%
84.4%
0.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1980
78.4%
21.6%
18.9%
25.8%
55.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1981
75.3%
24.7%
7.8%
29.5%
62.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1982
79.2%
20.8%
8.9%
39.6%
51.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1983
72.6%
27.4%
5.7%
25.9%
66.6%
1.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1984
76.2%
23.8%
6.5%
38.0%
55.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1985
73.0%
27.0%
4.6%
30.8%
64.6%
93.3%
6.7%
Truck SUV
5000
1986
72.8%
27.2%
4.9%
18.3%
76.8%
78.9%
21.1%
Truck SUV
5000
1987
97.3%
2.7%
7.1%
30.9%
62.0%
24.5%
32.4%
43.2%
Truck SUV
5000
1988
99.1%
0.9%
6.3%
34.3%
59.4%
2.1%
54.9%
42.9%
Truck SUV
5000
1989
99.4%
0.6%
6.6%
30.4%
63.0%
59.4%
40.6%
Truck SUV
5000
1990
100.0%
4.8%
8.8%
86.4%
63.3%
36.7%
Truck SUV
5000
1991
100.0%
3.1%
5.3%
91.6%
70.6%
29.4%
Truck SUV
5000
1992
99.9%
0.1%
4.7%
1.2%
94.1%
97.4%
2.6%
Truck SUV
5000
1993
100.0%
4.4%
95.6%
98.6%
1.4%
Truck SUV
5000
1994
100.0%
3.4%
96.6%
98.5%
1.5%
31.5%
Truck SUV
5000
1995
75.9%
24.1%
2.3%
97.7%
75.2%
24.8%
12.7%
Truck SUV
5000
1996
72.0%
28.0%
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
22.5%
Truck SUV
5000
1997
26.2%
73.8%
100.0%
100.0%
20.6%
Truck SUV
5000
1998
58.8%
41.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5000
1999
54.4%
45.6%
100.0%
100.0%
14.6%
Truck SUV
5000
2000
68.0%
32.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.2%
2.2%
Truck SUV
5000
2001
97.1%
2.9%
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
20.3%
20.3%
Truck SUV
5000
2002
88.4%
11.6%
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
62.5%
45.2%
Truck SUV
5000
2003
86.9%
13.1%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
71.5%
56.1%
Truck SUV
5000
2004
79.3%
20.7%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
73.5%
58.7%
Truck SUV
5000
2005
82.4%
17.6%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
70.1%
61.6%
Truck SUV
5000
2006
83.6%
15.4%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
64.5%
62.9%
Truck SUV
5000
2007
81.1%
10.8%
0.3%
99.7%
98.9%
1.1%
58.0%
56.5%
Truck SUV
5000
2008
71.0%
11.6%
0.1%
96.3%
3.5%
0.5%
98.4%
1.1%
69.0%
65.2%
3.5%
Truck SUV
5000
2009
60.2%
5.9%
0.1%
96.7%
3.2%
23.5%
75.5%
1.0%
84.8%
85.5%
3.2%
Truck SUV
5000
2010
64.9%
9.3%
0.0%
94.2%
5.8%
40.6%
58.8%
0.6%
80.0%
81.5%
5.8%
Truck SUV
5000
2011
63.5%
12.2%
0.0%
98.4%
1.6%
45.2%
53.9%
0.9%
99.0%
99.5%
1.6%
Truck SUV
5000
2012
71.6%
4.3%
0.0%
98.3%
1.7%
54.3%
44.9%
0.8%
99.2%
99.2%
1.7%
Truck SUV
5000
2013
75.7%
5.9%
0.0%
96.9%
3.1%
41.0%
57.6%
1.5%
99.4%
94.1%
3.1%
Truck SUV
5000
2014
71.0%
6.5%
0.0%
98.6%
1.4%
41.5%
56.8%
1.7%
69.1%
93.5%
1.4%
Truck SUV
5000
2015
77.0%
5.5%
97.1%
2.9%
44.4%
54.0%
1.6%
100.0%
96.7%
1.6%
Truck SUV
5000
2016
76.2%
7.5%
97.8%
2.2%
53.3%
46.4%
0.2%
100.0%
99.8%
1.5%
Truck SUV
5000
2017
78.9%
8.5%
96.8%
3.2%
42.5%
57.3%
0.2%
100.0%
98.7%
2.4%
Truck SUV
5000
2018
88.8%
9.8%
96.2%
3.8%
33.4%
66.0%
0.5%
100.0%
97.5%
3.7%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-88
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
5500
1975
6
0.001
10.5
8.5
9.6
8.9
1047.9
918.4
993.4
429
210
0.488
0.0381
24.7
Truck SUV
5500
1976
7
0.001
11.2
9.1
10.2
9.6
971.7
869.4
930.6
412
197
0.475
0.0359
26.4
Truck SUV
5500
1977
10
0.001
11.7
9.4
10.7
10.0
934.9
824.4
890.9
419
193
0.459
0.0351
27.6
Truck SUV
5500
1978
12
0.001
11.8
9.6
10.6
10.1
920.1
833.4
884.0
410
188
13.5
0.461
0.0343
27.7
Truck SUV
5500
1979
59
0.004
10.6
8.9
9.1
9.0
993.5
970.6
991.4
405
176
14.3
0.432
0.0320
24.9
Truck SUV
5500
1980
6
0.000
13.8
11.0
12.9
11.7
811.1
689.2
756.5
350
165
15.6
0.471
0.0300
32.3
Truck SUV
5500
1981
4
0.000
14.1
11.4
12.9
12.0
781.9
690.5
741.0
350
175
15.0
0.500
0.0318
33.0
Truck SUV
5500
1982
24
0.002
21.2
16.5
20.4
18.0
599.5
485.0
553.0
350
134
18.3
0.382
0.0243
50.5
Truck SUV
5500
1983
20
0.002
20.2
15.6
19.8
17.3
616.1
484.9
564.9
372
139
16.5
0.375
0.0252
48.9
Truck SUV
5500
1984
21
0.001
17.9
13.9
17.4
15.3
664.2
533.5
615.5
364
148
15.8
0.408
0.0269
43.6
Truck SUV
5500
1985
18
0.001
16.1
12.3
16.0
13.7
732.2
563.3
659.5
355
159
14.9
0.450
0.0289
38.3
Truck SUV
5500
1986
19
0.001
15.7
11.9
15.6
13.4
749.1
573.2
670.7
353
162
14.1
0.459
0.0294
37.1
Truck SUV
5500
1987
52
0.004
16.8
12.8
16.4
14.3
694.1
542.1
624.2
350
209
12.0
0.596
0.0379
39.3
Truck SUV
5500
1988
66
0.004
16.5
12.5
16.1
14.0
708.8
549.6
635.9
350
200
12.5
0.572
0.0364
38.6
Truck SUV
5500
1989
41
0.003
17.5
12.9
17.8
14.9
689.0
500.0
599.4
350
209
11.6
0.596
0.0380
40.9
Truck SUV
5500
1990
41
0.003
17.3
12.7
17.6
14.7
699.7
506.7
607.0
350
209
10.9
0.597
0.0380
40.3
Truck SUV
5500
1991
25
0.002
17.2
12.6
17.2
14.5
704.8
518.9
614.4
350
209
11.0
0.597
0.0380
39.9
Truck SUV
5500
1992
45
0.004
16.3
12.1
15.8
13.7
736.6
561.8
650.9
350
210
10.8
0.600
0.0382
37.6
Truck SUV
5500
1993
71
0.005
16.8
12.4
16.3
14.1
718.2
545.7
632.1
350
210
10.1
0.600
0.0382
38.7
Truck SUV
5500
1994
92
0.007
16.8
12.4
16.1
14.0
718.8
552.1
635.0
351
210
10.1
0.598
0.0381
38.5
Truck SUV
5500
1995
143
0.009
16.9
12.4
16.0
14.0
715.9
555.6
634.1
350
205
10.5
0.586
0.0373
38.5
Truck SUV
5500
1996
141
0.011
17.4
12.7
16.6
14.4
701.8
534.1
615.2
350
250
9.7
0.714
0.0455
39.7
Truck SUV
5500
1997
307
0.021
17.4
12.5
16.7
14.4
712.6
529.7
617.9
334
238
10.1
0.713
0.0432
39.6
Truck SUV
5500
1998
273
0.019
17.0
12.1
16.3
14.0
731.5
543.7
632.6
327
234
10.5
0.720
0.0426
38.7
Truck SUV
5500
1999
199
0.013
17.5
12.3
17.0
14.4
721.3
523.1
615.7
333
252
9.8
0.759
0.0459
39.7
Truck SUV
5500
2000
303
0.018
18.2
13.0
17.1
14.9
681.7
519.4
596.1
306
253
9.4
0.841
0.0460
41.1
Truck SUV
5500
2001
402
0.026
18.5
13.3
16.7
15.0
666.8
530.1
593.2
306
260
9.2
0.857
0.0472
41.3
Truck SUV
5500
2002
278
0.017
18.4
12.9
17.3
15.0
690.1
514.2
593.7
310
267
9.1
0.862
0.0486
41.2
Truck SUV
5500
2003
317
0.020
18.3
12.8
16.9
14.8
694.4
523.3
600.0
297
258
9.3
0.867
0.0469
40.8
Truck SUV
5500
2004
483
0.031
18.4
12.8
17.0
14.9
693.5
520.9
597.8
302
280
CO
CO
0.933
0.0509
41.0
Truck SUV
5500
2005
365
0.023
18.6
12.8
17.2
15.0
691.7
515.6
593.6
296
287
8.6
0.978
0.0522
41.3
Truck SUV
5500
2006
231
0.015
18.7
12.9
17.4
15.1
688.0
510.6
588.2
303
289
8.6
0.959
0.0526
41.6
Truck SUV
5500
2007
165
0.011
19.0
13.1
17.5
15.3
675.5
506.8
580.7
291
305
8.3
1.058
0.0554
42.2
Truck SUV
5500
2008
92
0.007
19.4
13.3
18.3
15.7
667.1
484.4
565.3
51.7
283
327
8.0
1.175
0.0595
43.4
Truck SUV
5500
2009
69
0.007
21.1
14.3
20.0
17.1
622.4
444.3
524.1
53.3
266
310
8.1
1.189
0.0563
47.3
Truck SUV
5500
2010
70
0.006
22.2
15.0
20.9
17.9
596.4
428.5
503.3
52.5
254
304
8.2
1.218
0.0552
49.6
Truck SUV
5500
2011
118
0.010
21.6
14.7
20.5
17.5
607.9
435.4
512.8
52.6
278
345
7.6
1.273
0.0627
48.7
Truck SUV
5500
2012
84
0.006
21.6
14.7
20.3
17.4
611.2
444.7
522.4
51.6
286
351
7.5
1.270
0.0639
49.1
Truck SUV
5500
2013
101
0.007
21.7
14.7
20.6
17.6
605.3
431.2
510.5
52.7
274
342
7.6
1.278
0.0621
48.9
Truck SUV
5500
2014
185
0.012
22.8
15.3
21.7
18.4
573.2
407.2
483.7
52.7
256
330
7.5
1.337
0.0599
51.3
Truck SUV
5500
2015
121
0.007
22.6
15.2
21.4
18.2
582.7
416.9
491.5
51.7
259
336
7.4
1.360
0.0610
50.7
Truck SUV
5500
2016
166
0.010
24.7
16.7
23.0
19.8
510.7
380.5
454.8
52.6
258
344
7.2
1.415
0.0626
56.9
Truck SUV
5500
2017
117
0.007
23.8
16.0
21.9
18.9
518.1
391.1
473.0
51.4
255
341
7.1
1.445
0.0620
55.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-89
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
5500
1975
84.6%
15.4%
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1976
72.3%
27.7%
9.9%
90.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1977
77.0%
23.0%
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1978
79.0%
21.0%
8.2%
91.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1979
26.5%
73.5%
21.0%
79.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1980
84.1%
15.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1981
100.0%
6.8%
93.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1982
66.8%
33.2%
10.8%
89.2%
10.7%
89.3%
Truck SUV
5500
1983
68.3%
31.7%
1.3%
98.7%
24.9%
75.1%
Truck SUV
5500
1984
74.8%
25.2%
2.3%
97.7%
50.7%
49.3%
Truck SUV
5500
1985
100.0%
2.8%
97.2%
83.1%
16.9%
Truck SUV
5500
1986
100.0%
1.9%
98.1%
90.4%
9.6%
Truck SUV
5500
1987
37.9%
62.1%
0.2%
99.8%
98.4%
1.6%
Truck SUV
5500
1988
40.7%
59.3%
0.2%
99.8%
98.8%
1.2%
Truck SUV
5500
1989
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
98.6%
1.4%
Truck SUV
5500
1990
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
98.9%
1.1%
Truck SUV
5500
1991
1.3%
98.7%
100.0%
98.6%
1.4%
Truck SUV
5500
1992
46.2%
53.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1993
35.6%
64.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1994
39.3%
60.7%
100.0%
1.5%
98.5%
Truck SUV
5500
1995
66.5%
33.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1996
74.9%
25.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1997
85.1%
14.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5500
1998
85.1%
14.9%
100.0%
100.0%
3.4%
Truck SUV
5500
1999
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
100.0%
4.3%
Truck SUV
5500
2000
40.6%
59.4%
100.0%
100.0%
15.8%
Truck SUV
5500
2001
45.7%
54.3%
100.0%
100.0%
23.7%
Truck SUV
5500
2002
19.9%
80.1%
100.0%
100.0%
28.8%
Truck SUV
5500
2003
20.0%
80.0%
100.0%
100.0%
24.7%
0.4%
Truck SUV
5500
2004
47.7%
52.3%
100.0%
100.0%
47.2%
30.3%
Truck SUV
5500
2005
56.9%
43.1%
100.0%
100.0%
46.4%
39.0%
Truck SUV
5500
2006
62.1%
37.9%
100.0%
100.0%
43.5%
43.5%
Truck SUV
5500
2007
84.3%
15.7%
100.0%
100.0%
61.1%
38.1%
Truck SUV
5500
2008
94.1%
5.9%
0.1%
99.9%
43.7%
56.3%
60.4%
55.8%
Truck SUV
5500
2009
73.7%
26.3%
0.3%
99.7%
27.6%
67.2%
5.1%
65.2%
70.0%
Truck SUV
5500
2010
86.1%
13.9%
0.0%
98.9%
1.1%
44.5%
45.5%
10.0%
82.3%
92.9%
1.1%
Truck SUV
5500
2011
95.8%
4.2%
99.9%
0.1%
35.9%
54.8%
9.3%
59.1%
90.7%
1.5%
Truck SUV
5500
2012
96.0%
4.0%
100.0%
15.6%
62.1%
22.3%
50.9%
73.8%
2.1%
Truck SUV
5500
2013
95.3%
4.7%
100.0%
44.9%
47.2%
7.9%
65.3%
90.9%
0.8%
Truck SUV
5500
2014
97.5%
2.5%
100.0%
53.5%
43.9%
2.6%
73.6%
87.9%
0.5%
Truck SUV
5500
2015
96.7%
3.3%
100.0%
44.3%
47.3%
8.4%
72.9%
90.0%
0.0%
Truck SUV
5500
2016
73.1%
26.9%
100.0%
63.8%
24.6%
11.6%
64.8%
88.4%
5.9%
Truck SUV
5500
2017
96.9%
3.1%
100.0%
42.6%
51.5%
5.9%
73.0%
91.9%
7.9%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-90
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
5500
2018
0.006
24.1
16.4
21.7
19.0
482.5
399.4
466.8
51.4
249
343
7.1
1.490
0.0623
54.3
Truck SUV
6000
1975
0
0.000
10.3
8.3
9.3
8.7
1071.4
950.3
1017.6
400
170
0.425
0.0283
26.2
Truck SUV
6000
1976
1
0.000
11.9
9.5
11.0
10.1
934.9
808.7
879.4
400
170
0.426
0.0284
30.4
Truck SUV
6000
1977
1
0.000
11.9
9.5
11.0
10.1
933.5
806.7
877.2
400
180
0.450
0.0300
30.4
Truck SUV
6000
1978
1
0.000
11.4
9.2
10.2
9.7
964.2
866.2
920.9
400
180
15.0
0.449
0.0300
29.0
Truck SUV
6000
1979
Truck SUV
6000
1980
3
0.000
13.4
10.3
13.2
11.4
865.1
675.4
779.8
350
165
16.1
0.470
0.0274
34.2
Truck SUV
6000
1981
Truck SUV
6000
1982
4
0.000
21.2
16.5
20.5
18.1
618.8
495.5
563.3
350
130
19.8
0.371
0.0217
54.2
Truck SUV
6000
1983
4
0.000
20.8
16.0
20.4
17.7
634.4
499.1
573.5
379
130
18.0
0.343
0.0217
53.2
Truck SUV
6000
1984
4
0.000
21.0
16.1
20.8
17.9
633.2
488.5
568.1
379
130
17.9
0.343
0.0217
53.8
Truck SUV
6000
1985
7
0.000
21.4
16.2
21.7
18.3
620.1
464.9
552.0
378
131
17.4
0.348
0.0219
55.3
Truck SUV
6000
1986
5
0.000
22.1
16.7
22.1
18.8
607.5
460.9
541.7
379
130
16.7
0.343
0.0217
56.5
Truck SUV
6000
1987
3
0.000
20.9
15.9
20.5
17.8
625.7
481.6
563.7
376
137
16.6
0.366
0.0229
54.1
Truck SUV
6000
1988
3
0.000
18.3
13.9
17.8
15.5
684.0
527.0
618.2
368
162
15.4
0.445
0.0270
47.9
Truck SUV
6000
1989
33
0.002
15.8
11.9
15.4
13.3
748.9
580.9
670.2
352
206
12.6
0.586
0.0343
40.2
Truck SUV
6000
1990
32
0.003
16.0
12.0
15.6
13.5
746.8
571.4
663.2
351
206
11.8
0.588
0.0344
40.6
Truck SUV
6000
1991
18
0.001
15.7
11.7
15.2
13.2
759.9
586.8
676.1
351
207
11.8
0.591
0.0345
39.7
Truck SUV
6000
1992
21
0.002
14.9
10.9
14.7
12.5
812.5
606.6
711.0
350
210
11.5
0.600
0.0350
37.5
Truck SUV
6000
1993
49
0.004
15.8
11.6
15.3
13.2
762.9
581.3
672.3
350
210
10.7
0.600
0.0350
39.7
Truck SUV
6000
1994
60
0.004
16.1
12.0
15.0
13.3
741.1
592.1
665.7
350
210
10.7
0.600
0.0350
40.0
Truck SUV
6000
1995
61
0.004
15.7
11.6
14.9
13.1
766.9
597.2
680.2
350
210
10.9
0.599
0.0350
39.2
Truck SUV
6000
1996
58
0.004
16.8
12.1
16.3
13.9
736.0
547.2
638.3
350
250
10.2
0.713
0.0416
41.8
Truck SUV
6000
1997
74
0.005
16.7
12.0
15.9
13.8
738.2
559.0
644.4
350
250
10.2
0.713
0.0416
41.4
Truck SUV
6000
1998
50
0.003
16.1
11.5
15.7
13.4
772.9
568.1
665.0
323
230
11.1
0.715
0.0383
40.1
Truck SUV
6000
1999
166
0.011
16.5
11.7
16.1
13.7
761.9
553.5
650.9
319
237
10.9
0.747
0.0395
41.0
Truck SUV
6000
2000
269
0.016
16.6
11.9
15.5
13.6
746.5
573.1
653.3
325
257
9.9
0.795
0.0429
40.8
Truck SUV
6000
2001
219
0.014
16.8
12.0
15.4
13.6
737.5
577.0
651.1
326
274
9.4
0.842
0.0457
41.0
Truck SUV
6000
2002
453
0.028
17.7
12.4
16.6
14.4
713.4
532.4
615.3
332
295
9.1
0.885
0.0491
43.5
Truck SUV
6000
2003
654
0.041
17.4
12.1
16.4
14.2
730.6
539.6
625.6
329
279
9.3
0.851
0.0465
42.7
Truck SUV
6000
2004
635
0.040
17.4
12.1
16.2
14.1
735.1
546.3
629.7
331
287
9.1
0.869
0.0479
42.4
Truck SUV
6000
2005
490
0.031
18.2
12.5
16.9
14.7
707.9
523.9
604.1
330
302
CO
CO
0.917
0.0504
44.2
Truck SUV
6000
2006
327
0.022
18.1
12.4
16.9
14.6
716.1
524.7
608.1
318
306
8.7
0.973
0.0510
43.9
Truck SUV
6000
2007
681
0.045
19.8
13.3
19.0
16.0
664.3
467.6
553.9
329
322
8.5
0.979
0.0537
48.3
Truck SUV
6000
2008
442
0.032
19.5
13.2
18.7
15.8
671.4
475.9
562.5
55.6
324
333
8.3
1.031
0.0554
47.7
Truck SUV
6000
2009
138
0.015
19.8
13.3
19.1
16.1
659.3
465.9
554.2
55.0
327
338
7.8
1.040
0.0564
48.6
Truck SUV
6000
2010
202
0.018
20.2
13.6
19.3
16.4
650.9
459.0
545.2
54.9
326
335
8.0
1.033
0.0558
49.4
Truck SUV
6000
2011
364
0.030
20.7
14.0
19.7
16.8
632.7
450.5
531.9
56.0
324
339
7.9
1.050
0.0564
50.6
Truck SUV
6000
2012
276
0.020
20.7
13.9
19.6
16.7
637.4
452.2
535.4
56.0
321
339
7.9
1.063
0.0565
50.4
Truck SUV
6000
2013
327
0.022
21.0
14.1
19.8
16.9
627.6
446.6
527.4
56.1
321
341
7.8
1.073
0.0569
51.1
Truck SUV
6000
2014
191
0.012
21.1
14.2
19.9
16.9
627.8
446.5
527.7
56.3
318
351
7.7
1.119
0.0585
51.3
Truck SUV
6000
2015
374
0.022
22.6
15.2
21.5
18.3
581.8
412.1
488.1
56.0
317
365
7.4
1.184
0.0608
55.2
Truck SUV
6000
2016
271
0.017
22.4
15.2
21.1
18.0
584.1
419.9
493.0
56.2
319
383
7.1
1.249
0.0639
54.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-91
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
5500
2018
97.1%
2.9%
100.0%
45.1%
46.3%
CO
CT1
76.1%
90.2%
10.3%
Truck SUV
6000
1975
100.0%
12.7%
87.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1976
100.0%
12.8%
87.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1977
100.0%
11.6%
88.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1978
100.0%
15.5%
84.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1979
Truck SUV
6000
1980
3.4%
96.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1981
Truck SUV
6000
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1983
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1984
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1985
47.3%
52.7%
100.0%
4.1%
95.9%
Truck SUV
6000
1986
49.0%
51.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1987
56.8%
43.2%
9.1%
90.9%
9.1%
90.9%
Truck SUV
6000
1988
70.0%
30.0%
7.3%
92.7%
37.7%
62.3%
Truck SUV
6000
1989
97.2%
2.8%
1.0%
99.0%
94.6%
5.4%
Truck SUV
6000
1990
97.5%
2.5%
0.7%
99.3%
95.2%
4.8%
Truck SUV
6000
1991
96.2%
3.8%
100.0%
96.1%
3.9%
Truck SUV
6000
1992
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1994
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1995
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
99.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1996
100.0%
100.0%
99.5%
0.5%
Truck SUV
6000
1997
100.0%
100.0%
99.6%
0.4%
Truck SUV
6000
1998
100.0%
100.0%
99.7%
0.3%
13.0%
Truck SUV
6000
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
29.8%
Truck SUV
6000
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
13.6%
Truck SUV
6000
2001
93.4%
6.6%
100.0%
100.0%
23.0%
Truck SUV
6000
2002
84.5%
15.5%
100.0%
100.0%
7.3%
Truck SUV
6000
2003
75.1%
24.9%
100.0%
100.0%
7.8%
2.1%
Truck SUV
6000
2004
78.2%
21.8%
100.0%
99.9%
0.1%
13.4%
7.3%
Truck SUV
6000
2005
76.6%
23.4%
100.0%
100.0%
36.6%
34.9%
Truck SUV
6000
2006
77.2%
22.8%
100.0%
99.8%
0.2%
63.1%
63.0%
Truck SUV
6000
2007
56.7%
43.3%
100.0%
99.7%
0.3%
14.8%
28.6%
Truck SUV
6000
2008
57.2%
42.8%
98.2%
1.8%
0.8%
97.9%
1.2%
37.3%
41.8%
1.8%
Truck SUV
6000
2009
57.1%
42.9%
95.5%
4.5%
1.4%
96.1%
2.5%
34.6%
44.6%
5.0%
Truck SUV
6000
2010
60.7%
39.3%
0.2%
99.3%
0.6%
12.9%
84.5%
2.6%
51.2%
89.8%
0.7%
Truck SUV
6000
2011
65.9%
34.1%
0.0%
99.7%
0.3%
15.4%
82.1%
2.5%
36.1%
98.4%
0.3%
Truck SUV
6000
2012
66.2%
33.8%
99.7%
0.3%
18.1%
78.2%
3.7%
42.8%
96.3%
0.3%
Truck SUV
6000
2013
66.0%
34.0%
99.8%
0.2%
19.3%
77.8%
2.9%
34.0%
97.1%
0.2%
Truck SUV
6000
2014
63.6%
36.4%
100.0%
27.4%
67.4%
5.2%
50.0%
94.8%
Truck SUV
6000
2015
57.5%
42.5%
100.0%
91.4%
5.8%
2.8%
27.3%
97.2%
0.2%
Truck SUV
6000
2016
67.5%
32.5%
100.0%
96.2%
3.2%
0.6%
27.2%
99.4%
0.1%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-92
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
6000
2017
317
0.019
22.5
15.2
21.1
18.1
581.9
416.9
491.2
55.8
309
377
7.1
1.269
0.0628
54.6
Truck SUV
6000
2018
0.017
23.0
15.4
21.7
18.4
572.4
407.1
482.0
56.2
303
390
6.8
1.352
0.0650
55.7
Truck SUV
6500
1975
Truck SUV
6500
1976
Truck SUV
6500
1977
Truck SUV
6500
1978
Truck SUV
6500
1979
Truck SUV
6500
1980
Truck SUV
6500
1981
Truck SUV
6500
1982
Truck SUV
6500
1983
Truck SUV
6500
1984
Truck SUV
6500
1985
Truck SUV
6500
1986
Truck SUV
6500
1987
Truck SUV
6500
1988
Truck SUV
6500
1989
Truck SUV
6500
1990
Truck SUV
6500
1991
1
0.000
20.2
14.7
20.4
17.0
694.2
499.8
599.6
379
140
15.8
0.369
0.0215
55.2
Truck SUV
6500
1992
Truck SUV
6500
1993
Truck SUV
6500
1994
Truck SUV
6500
1995
Truck SUV
6500
1996
Truck SUV
6500
1997
Truck SUV
6500
1998
Truck SUV
6500
1999
Truck SUV
6500
2000
Truck SUV
6500
2001
Truck SUV
6500
2002
Truck SUV
6500
2003
Truck SUV
6500
2004
Truck SUV
6500
2005
Truck SUV
6500
2006
Truck SUV
6500
2007
Truck SUV
6500
2008
40
0.003
18.4
12.5
17.5
14.9
709.2
507.0
594.5
56.6
344
375
7.9
1.090
0.0577
48.6
Truck SUV
6500
2009
4
0.000
18.3
12.4
17.5
14.9
714.1
507.6
596.4
50.5
346
383
7.5
1.107
0.0589
48.4
Truck SUV
6500
2010
36
0.003
18.4
12.6
17.3
14.9
705.1
511.8
595.5
55.7
337
341
8.2
1.011
0.0525
48.5
Truck SUV
6500
2011
77
0.006
18.6
12.8
17.6
15.1
695.0
502.7
586.7
58.0
348
353
8.0
1.011
0.0544
49.3
Truck SUV
6500
2012
61
0.005
18.6
12.8
17.6
15.1
693.0
504.7
587.0
58.8
344
344
8.2
0.998
0.0529
49.3
Truck SUV
6500
2013
69
0.005
18.5
12.7
17.5
15.1
697.8
506.3
589.8
58.1
347
353
8.0
1.014
0.0543
49.1
Truck SUV
6500
2014
59
0.004
18.5
12.7
17.5
15.1
698.1
507.3
589.7
58.2
341
341
8.2
0.999
0.0525
49.0
Truck SUV
6500
2015
154
0.009
21.6
14.7
20.4
17.5
604.0
433.2
508.4
60.6
307
371
7.7
1.260
0.0570
57.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-93
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
6000
2017
55.8%
44.2%
100.0%
97.8%
2.2%
37.9%
100.0%
0.1%
Truck SUV
6000
2018
54.2%
45.8%
100.0%
94.3%
5.7%
42.4%
98.6%
0.2%
Truck SUV
6500
1975
Truck SUV
6500
1976
Truck SUV
6500
1977
Truck SUV
6500
1978
Truck SUV
6500
1979
Truck SUV
6500
1980
Truck SUV
6500
1981
Truck SUV
6500
1982
Truck SUV
6500
1983
Truck SUV
6500
1984
Truck SUV
6500
1985
Truck SUV
6500
1986
Truck SUV
6500
1987
Truck SUV
6500
1988
Truck SUV
6500
1989
Truck SUV
6500
1990
Truck SUV
6500
1991
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6500
1992
Truck SUV
6500
1993
Truck SUV
6500
1994
Truck SUV
6500
1995
Truck SUV
6500
1996
Truck SUV
6500
1997
Truck SUV
6500
1998
Truck SUV
6500
1999
Truck SUV
6500
2000
Truck SUV
6500
2001
Truck SUV
6500
2002
Truck SUV
6500
2003
Truck SUV
6500
2004
Truck SUV
6500
2005
Truck SUV
6500
2006
Truck SUV
6500
2007
Truck SUV
6500
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6500
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6500
2010
85.6%
14.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
44.5%
Truck SUV
6500
2011
91.5%
8.5%
98.7%
1.3%
100.0%
68.4%
100.0%
1.3%
Truck SUV
6500
2012
88.7%
11.3%
98.8%
1.2%
100.0%
74.8%
100.0%
1.2%
Truck SUV
6500
2013
90.7%
9.3%
99.0%
1.0%
100.0%
71.1%
100.0%
1.0%
Truck SUV
6500
2014
89.5%
10.5%
100.0%
100.0%
84.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6500
2015
94.9%
5.1%
100.0%
92.5%
7.5%
35.2%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-94
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
6500
2016
136
0.008
21.4
14.5
20.2
17.3
608.5
436.9
513.1
59.8
302
369
7.7
1.270
0.0567
56.6
Truck SUV
6500
2017
181
0.011
21.1
14.3
19.8
17.0
618.3
446.9
522.6
59.4
295
374
7.6
1.330
0.0576
55.5
Truck SUV
6500
2018
0.007
21.5
14.5
20.4
17.3
609.8
434.4
512.7
59.6
314
390
7.1
1.303
0.0601
56.6
Truck SUV
7000
1975
Truck SUV
7000
1976
Truck SUV
7000
1977
Truck SUV
7000
1978
Truck SUV
7000
1979
Truck SUV
7000
1980
Truck SUV
7000
1981
Truck SUV
7000
1982
Truck SUV
7000
1983
Truck SUV
7000
1984
Truck SUV
7000
1985
Truck SUV
7000
1986
Truck SUV
7000
1987
Truck SUV
7000
1988
Truck SUV
7000
1989
Truck SUV
7000
1990
Truck SUV
7000
1991
Truck SUV
7000
1992
Truck SUV
7000
1993
Truck SUV
7000
1994
Truck SUV
7000
1995
Truck SUV
7000
1996
Truck SUV
7000
1997
Truck SUV
7000
1998
Truck SUV
7000
1999
Truck SUV
7000
2000
Truck SUV
7000
2001
Truck SUV
7000
2002
Truck SUV
7000
2003
Truck SUV
7000
2004
Truck SUV
7000
2005
Truck SUV
7000
2006
Truck SUV
7000
2007
Truck SUV
7000
2008
Truck SUV
7000
2009
Truck SUV
7000
2010
Truck SUV
7000
2011
4
0.000
15.4
10.4
15.6
12.8
854.6
571.0
693.0
61.0
366
352
8.3
0.962
0.0503
44.9
Truck SUV
7000
2012
2
0.000
15.4
10.4
15.6
12.8
854.6
571.0
693.0
59.3
366
352
8.3
0.961
0.0503
44.9
Truck SUV
7000
2013
3
0.000
16.2
10.8
16.1
13.3
812.7
547.8
666.5
59.3
338
341
8.6
1.036
0.0488
47.0
Truck SUV
7000
2014
1
0.000
19.9
13.1
18.8
15.8
680.8
472.2
561.9
53.5
226
303
9.4
1.342
0.0433
55.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-95
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
6500
2016
95.1%
4.9%
100.0%
87.3%
12.7%
47.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6500
2017
92.8%
7.2%
100.0%
92.3%
7.7%
59.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6500
2018
98.3%
1.7%
100.0%
90.2%
9.8%
48.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
7000
1975
Truck SUV
7000
1976
Truck SUV
7000
1977
Truck SUV
7000
1978
Truck SUV
7000
1979
Truck SUV
7000
1980
Truck SUV
7000
1981
Truck SUV
7000
1982
Truck SUV
7000
1983
Truck SUV
7000
1984
Truck SUV
7000
1985
Truck SUV
7000
1986
Truck SUV
7000
1987
Truck SUV
7000
1988
Truck SUV
7000
1989
Truck SUV
7000
1990
Truck SUV
7000
1991
Truck SUV
7000
1992
Truck SUV
7000
1993
Truck SUV
7000
1994
Truck SUV
7000
1995
Truck SUV
7000
1996
Truck SUV
7000
1997
Truck SUV
7000
1998
Truck SUV
7000
1999
Truck SUV
7000
2000
Truck SUV
7000
2001
Truck SUV
7000
2002
Truck SUV
7000
2003
Truck SUV
7000
2004
Truck SUV
7000
2005
Truck SUV
7000
2006
Truck SUV
7000
2007
Truck SUV
7000
2008
Truck SUV
7000
2009
Truck SUV
7000
2010
Truck SUV
7000
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
7000
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
7000
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
20.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
7000
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-96
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
7000
2015
0
0.000
19.9
13.1
18.8
15.8
680.8
472.2
561.9
53.5
226
303
9.4
1.342
0.0433
55.4
Truck SUV
7000
2016
Truck SUV
7000
2017
1
0.000
15.2
11.0
11.9
11.5
798.1
710.8
771.1
54.1
237
404
7.3
1.702
0.0577
41.4
Truck SUV
7000
2018
0.000
14.2
10.6
10.9
10.8
835.6
813.6
823.0
54.3
243
416
7.1
1.712
0.0594
37.8
Truck SUV
8500
1975
Truck SUV
8500
1976
Truck SUV
8500
1977
Truck SUV
8500
1978
Truck SUV
8500
1979
Truck SUV
8500
1980
Truck SUV
8500
1981
Truck SUV
8500
1982
Truck SUV
8500
1983
Truck SUV
8500
1984
Truck SUV
8500
1985
Truck SUV
8500
1986
Truck SUV
8500
1987
Truck SUV
8500
1988
Truck SUV
8500
1989
Truck SUV
8500
1990
Truck SUV
8500
1991
Truck SUV
8500
1992
Truck SUV
8500
1993
Truck SUV
8500
1994
Truck SUV
8500
1995
Truck SUV
8500
1996
Truck SUV
8500
1997
Truck SUV
8500
1998
Truck SUV
8500
1999
Truck SUV
8500
2000
Truck SUV
8500
2001
Truck SUV
8500
2002
Truck SUV
8500
2003
Truck SUV
8500
2004
Truck SUV
8500
2005
Truck SUV
8500
2006
Truck SUV
8500
2007
Truck SUV
8500
2008
Truck SUV
8500
2009
Truck SUV
8500
2010
Truck SUV
8500
2011
0
0.000
16.4
11.3
15.7
13.4
788.9
564.7
661.1
58.1
330
310
9.9
0.939
0.0365
57.1
Truck SUV
8500
2012
0
0.000
16.4
11.3
15.7
13.4
788.9
564.7
661.1
60.9
330
310
9.9
0.941
0.0365
57.1
Truck SUV
8500
2013
0
0.000
16.4
11.3
15.7
13.4
788.9
564.7
661.1
60.9
330
310
9.9
0.941
0.0365
57.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-97
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
7000
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
7000
2016
Truck SUV
7000
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
7000
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8500
1975
Truck SUV
8500
1976
Truck SUV
8500
1977
Truck SUV
8500
1978
Truck SUV
8500
1979
Truck SUV
8500
1980
Truck SUV
8500
1981
Truck SUV
8500
1982
Truck SUV
8500
1983
Truck SUV
8500
1984
Truck SUV
8500
1985
Truck SUV
8500
1986
Truck SUV
8500
1987
Truck SUV
8500
1988
Truck SUV
8500
1989
Truck SUV
8500
1990
Truck SUV
8500
1991
Truck SUV
8500
1992
Truck SUV
8500
1993
Truck SUV
8500
1994
Truck SUV
8500
1995
Truck SUV
8500
1996
Truck SUV
8500
1997
Truck SUV
8500
1998
Truck SUV
8500
1999
Truck SUV
8500
2000
Truck SUV
8500
2001
Truck SUV
8500
2002
Truck SUV
8500
2003
Truck SUV
8500
2004
Truck SUV
8500
2005
Truck SUV
8500
2006
Truck SUV
8500
2007
Truck SUV
8500
2008
Truck SUV
8500
2009
Truck SUV
8500
2010
Truck SUV
8500
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8500
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8500
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-98
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Truck SUV
8500
2014
0
0.000
16.4
11.3
15.7
13.4
788.9
564.7
661.1
60.9
330
310
9.9
0.941
0.0365
57.1
Truck SUV
8500
2015
Truck SUV
8500
2016
Truck SUV
8500
2017
Truck SUV
8500
2018
Pickup
2000
1975
Pickup
2000
1976
Pickup
2000
1977
Pickup
2000
1978
Pickup
2000
1979
Pickup
2000
1980
0
0.000
25.2
20.3
22.9
21.4
438.9
387.5
415.8
49
41
24.6
0.837
0.0205
21.4
Pickup
2000
1981
0
0.000
25.2
20.3
22.9
21.4
438.9
387.5
415.8
49
41
24.6
0.837
0.0205
21.4
Pickup
2000
1982
Pickup
2000
1983
Pickup
2000
1984
Pickup
2000
1985
Pickup
2000
1986
Pickup
2000
1987
Pickup
2000
1988
Pickup
2000
1989
Pickup
2000
1990
Pickup
2000
1991
Pickup
2000
1992
Pickup
2000
1993
Pickup
2000
1994
Pickup
2000
1995
Pickup
2000
1996
Pickup
2000
1997
Pickup
2000
1998
Pickup
2000
1999
Pickup
2000
2000
Pickup
2000
2001
Pickup
2000
2002
Pickup
2000
2003
Pickup
2000
2004
Pickup
2000
2005
Pickup
2000
2006
Pickup
2000
2007
Pickup
2000
2008
Pickup
2000
2009
Pickup
2000
2010
Pickup
2000
2011
Pickup
2000
2012
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-99
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
8500
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8500
2015
Truck SUV
8500
2016
Truck SUV
8500
2017
Truck SUV
8500
2018
Pickup
2000
1975
Pickup
2000
1976
Pickup
2000
1977
Pickup
2000
1978
Pickup
2000
1979
Pickup
2000
1980
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2000
1981
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2000
1982
Pickup
2000
1983
Pickup
2000
1984
Pickup
2000
1985
Pickup
2000
1986
Pickup
2000
1987
Pickup
2000
1988
Pickup
2000
1989
Pickup
2000
1990
Pickup
2000
1991
Pickup
2000
1992
Pickup
2000
1993
Pickup
2000
1994
Pickup
2000
1995
Pickup
2000
1996
Pickup
2000
1997
Pickup
2000
1998
Pickup
2000
1999
Pickup
2000
2000
Pickup
2000
2001
Pickup
2000
2002
Pickup
2000
2003
Pickup
2000
2004
Pickup
2000
2005
Pickup
2000
2006
Pickup
2000
2007
Pickup
2000
2008
Pickup
2000
2009
Pickup
2000
2010
Pickup
2000
2011
Pickup
2000
2012
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-100
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
2000
2013
Pickup
2000
2014
Pickup
2000
2015
Pickup
2000
2016
Pickup
2000
2017
Pickup
2000
2018
Pickup
2250
1975
Pickup
2250
1976
Pickup
2250
1977
Pickup
2250
1978
Pickup
2250
1979
0
0.000
25.0
20.1
22.9
21.2
442.8
388.9
418.5
49
41
25.8
0.837
0.0182
23.9
Pickup
2250
1980
25
0.002
32.0
25.3
30.0
27.2
354.2
305.2
342.6
94
64
18.3
0.677
0.0284
32.4
100.0%
Pickup
2250
1981
24
0.002
41.5
33.2
38.1
35.2
306.7
266.7
288.9
97
52
20.2
0.536
0.0231
39.7
100.0%
Pickup
2250
1982
11
0.001
43.1
35.7
37.6
36.5
283.9
269.3
278.0
97
52
21.5
0.539
0.0231
41.2
98.8%
Pickup
2250
1983
1
0.000
39.2
32.6
34.0
33.2
295.3
281.8
296.7
91
51
20.3
0.571
0.0226
39.1
84.5%
Pickup
2250
1984
0
0.000
28.8
25.3
23.1
24.2
351.4
384.9
366.5
59
45
23.5
0.763
0.0200
27.3
Pickup
2250
1985
Pickup
2250
1986
Pickup
2250
1987
Pickup
2250
1988
Pickup
2250
1989
Pickup
2250
1990
Pickup
2250
1991
Pickup
2250
1992
Pickup
2250
1993
Pickup
2250
1994
Pickup
2250
1995
Pickup
2250
1996
Pickup
2250
1997
Pickup
2250
1998
Pickup
2250
1999
Pickup
2250
2000
Pickup
2250
2001
Pickup
2250
2002
Pickup
2250
2003
Pickup
2250
2004
Pickup
2250
2005
Pickup
2250
2006
Pickup
2250
2007
Pickup
2250
2008
Pickup
2250
2009
Pickup
2250
2010
Pickup
2250
2011
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-101
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
2000
2013
Pickup
2000
2014
Pickup
2000
2015
Pickup
2000
2016
Pickup
2000
2017
Pickup
2000
2018
Pickup
2250
1975
Pickup
2250
1976
Pickup
2250
1977
Pickup
2250
1978
Pickup
2250
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2250
1980
100.0%
54.6%
45.4%
Pickup
2250
1981
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2250
1982
1.2%
100.0%
1.2%
98.8%
Pickup
2250
1983
15.5%
100.0%
15.5%
84.5%
Pickup
2250
1984
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2250
1985
Pickup
2250
1986
Pickup
2250
1987
Pickup
2250
1988
Pickup
2250
1989
Pickup
2250
1990
Pickup
2250
1991
Pickup
2250
1992
Pickup
2250
1993
Pickup
2250
1994
Pickup
2250
1995
Pickup
2250
1996
Pickup
2250
1997
Pickup
2250
1998
Pickup
2250
1999
Pickup
2250
2000
Pickup
2250
2001
Pickup
2250
2002
Pickup
2250
2003
Pickup
2250
2004
Pickup
2250
2005
Pickup
2250
2006
Pickup
2250
2007
Pickup
2250
2008
Pickup
2250
2009
Pickup
2250
2010
Pickup
2250
2011
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-102
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
2250
2012
Pickup
2250
2013
Pickup
2250
2014
Pickup
2250
2015
Pickup
2250
2016
Pickup
2250
2017
Pickup
2250
2018
Pickup
2500
1975
Pickup
2500
1976
Pickup
2500
1977
Pickup
2500
1978
23
0.002
27.2
21.2
26.3
23.2
417.4
337.3
382.8
97
67
16.0
0.691
0.0268
29.1
Pickup
2500
1979
39
0.003
27.5
21.7
26.1
23.5
409.8
340.1
378.9
97
67
18.3
0.691
0.0268
29.4
Pickup
2500
1980
17
0.001
25.8
19.9
25.2
22.0
445.9
352.3
404.3
97
68
18.6
0.701
0.0272
27.5
9.5%
Pickup
2500
1981
27
0.003
28.4
22.4
26.7
24.2
396.0
332.4
367.7
108
73
17.1
0.683
0.0294
30.2
34.2%
Pickup
2500
1982
25
0.003
29.7
23.1
28.8
25.3
384.4
307.0
350.6
123
80
17.1
0.655
0.0321
31.7
71.2%
Pickup
2500
1983
21
0.002
32.6
24.6
33.1
27.8
360.4
264.7
319.3
128
86
14.6
0.670
0.0343
34.9
78.8%
Pickup
2500
1984
15
0.001
28.1
22.2
26.3
23.9
398.2
330.3
372.1
102
70
18.5
0.700
0.0279
30.1
36.0%
Pickup
2500
1985
4
0.000
29.6
23.5
27.4
25.2
377.1
323.4
353.3
109
73
16.7
0.670
0.0292
31.5
Pickup
2500
1986
5
0.000
30.0
23.6
27.9
25.4
376.5
318.2
349.9
109
73
15.9
0.670
0.0292
31.8
Pickup
2500
1987
1
0.000
29.8
23.4
27.5
25.1
379.8
323.3
353.7
109
73
16.1
0.670
0.0292
31.4
Pickup
2500
1988
Pickup
2500
1989
Pickup
2500
1990
Pickup
2500
1991
Pickup
2500
1992
Pickup
2500
1993
Pickup
2500
1994
Pickup
2500
1995
Pickup
2500
1996
Pickup
2500
1997
Pickup
2500
1998
Pickup
2500
1999
Pickup
2500
2000
Pickup
2500
2001
Pickup
2500
2002
Pickup
2500
2003
Pickup
2500
2004
Pickup
2500
2005
Pickup
2500
2006
Pickup
2500
2007
Pickup
2500
2008
Pickup
2500
2009
Pickup
2500
2010
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-103
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
2250
2012
Pickup
2250
2013
Pickup
2250
2014
Pickup
2250
2015
Pickup
2250
2016
Pickup
2250
2017
Pickup
2250
2018
Pickup
2500
1975
Pickup
2500
1976
Pickup
2500
1977
Pickup
2500
1978
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2500
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2500
1980
90.5%
90.5%
9.5%
90.5%
9.5%
Pickup
2500
1981
65.8%
100.0%
65.8%
34.2%
Pickup
2500
1982
28.8%
83.6%
16.4%
86.5%
13.5%
Pickup
2500
1983
21.2%
95.7%
4.3%
95.8%
4.2%
Pickup
2500
1984
64.0%
96.0%
4.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2500
1985
100.0%
95.6%
4.4%
100.0%
Pickup
2500
1986
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2500
1987
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2500
1988
Pickup
2500
1989
Pickup
2500
1990
Pickup
2500
1991
Pickup
2500
1992
Pickup
2500
1993
Pickup
2500
1994
Pickup
2500
1995
Pickup
2500
1996
Pickup
2500
1997
Pickup
2500
1998
Pickup
2500
1999
Pickup
2500
2000
Pickup
2500
2001
Pickup
2500
2002
Pickup
2500
2003
Pickup
2500
2004
Pickup
2500
2005
Pickup
2500
2006
Pickup
2500
2007
Pickup
2500
2008
Pickup
2500
2009
Pickup
2500
2010
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-104
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
2500
2011
Pickup
2500
2012
Pickup
2500
2013
Pickup
2500
2014
Pickup
2500
2015
Pickup
2500
2016
Pickup
2500
2017
Pickup
2500
2018
Pickup
2750
1975
156
0.015
22.7
17.4
22.4
19.4
508.6
394.6
458.9
119
95
0.799
0.0347
26.7
Pickup
2750
1976
162
0.013
24.1
18.6
23.8
20.6
476.4
373.1
431.5
120
98
0.815
0.0355
28.4
Pickup
2750
1977
226
0.016
25.7
20.0
24.7
21.9
443.0
358.3
406.4
121
97
0.801
0.0352
30.2
Pickup
2750
1978
183
0.013
25.8
20.7
23.7
22.0
427.7
373.6
404.7
121
97
13.1
0.801
0.0353
30.3
Pickup
2750
1979
240
0.017
22.7
17.8
21.6
19.3
490.4
406.4
460.2
126
91
15.1
0.722
0.0330
27.0
Pickup
2750
1980
324
0.029
25.2
20.0
23.4
21.4
439.8
375.7
414.7
126
91
15.3
0.728
0.0333
29.7
Pickup
2750
1981
222
0.021
27.9
22.2
26.0
23.8
398.2
340.5
374.5
130
90
15.4
0.695
0.0329
32.9
Pickup
2750
1982
227
0.023
28.3
22.4
26.3
24.0
395.0
335.7
370.4
130
91
16.4
0.699
0.0331
33.3
1.4%
Pickup
2750
1983
340
0.033
28.8
22.9
26.7
24.5
386.7
329.6
363.4
132
87
15.5
0.658
0.0315
33.9
4.0%
Pickup
2750
1984
314
0.022
28.2
22.5
26.1
24.0
393.0
336.5
370.6
130
87
15.3
0.670
0.0317
33.3
2.2%
Pickup
2750
1985
238
0.016
29.9
23.7
27.8
25.4
373.1
317.6
350.0
130
90
14.8
0.692
0.0328
35.1
Pickup
2750
1986
311
0.020
29.5
23.3
27.4
25.0
380.0
321.8
355.7
132
92
13.9
0.694
0.0334
34.6
Pickup
2750
1987
240
0.016
29.7
23.2
27.7
25.1
382.2
319.0
354.6
134
93
14.0
0.694
0.0338
34.6
Pickup
2750
1988
121
0.008
27.8
21.7
25.5
23.4
407.9
346.1
380.5
136
98
13.5
0.721
0.0356
32.2
Pickup
2750
1989
76
0.005
27.6
21.6
25.1
23.1
411.3
351.8
384.6
135
97
13.0
0.721
0.0354
31.9
Pickup
2750
1990
31
0.002
26.0
20.4
23.0
21.6
434.6
386.5
411.2
144
102
11.9
0.708
0.0371
29.7
Pickup
2750
1991
Pickup
2750
1992
19
0.002
28.2
21.3
25.7
23.3
416.8
345.6
381.5
144
112
10.8
0.778
0.0407
32.0
Pickup
2750
1993
Pickup
2750
1994
Pickup
2750
1995
Pickup
2750
1996
Pickup
2750
1997
Pickup
2750
1998
Pickup
2750
1999
Pickup
2750
2000
Pickup
2750
2001
Pickup
2750
2002
Pickup
2750
2003
Pickup
2750
2004
Pickup
2750
2005
Pickup
2750
2006
Pickup
2750
2007
Pickup
2750
2008
Pickup
2750
2009
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-105
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
2500
2011
Pickup
2500
2012
Pickup
2500
2013
Pickup
2500
2014
Pickup
2500
2015
Pickup
2500
2016
Pickup
2500
2017
Pickup
2500
2018
Pickup
2750
1975
100.0%
88.7%
11.3%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1976
100.0%
80.2%
19.8%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1977
100.0%
79.9%
20.1%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1978
100.0%
86.1%
13.9%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1979
100.0%
85.8%
14.2%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1980
100.0%
86.9%
13.1%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1981
100.0%
90.3%
9.7%
98.6%
1.4%
Pickup
2750
1982
98.6%
87.1%
8.1%
4.9%
98.3%
1.7%
Pickup
2750
1983
0.1%
95.9%
89.4%
10.5%
0.2%
99.1%
0.1%
0.9%
Pickup
2750
1984
0.1%
97.7%
88.1%
11.6%
0.3%
98.1%
1.2%
0.7%
Pickup
2750
1985
100.0%
92.5%
7.5%
98.1%
1.5%
0.4%
Pickup
2750
1986
100.0%
89.0%
11.0%
99.6%
0.4%
Pickup
2750
1987
100.0%
90.6%
9.4%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1988
100.0%
99.4%
0.6%
99.4%
0.6%
Pickup
2750
1989
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1990
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1991
Pickup
2750
1992
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2750
1993
Pickup
2750
1994
Pickup
2750
1995
Pickup
2750
1996
Pickup
2750
1997
Pickup
2750
1998
Pickup
2750
1999
Pickup
2750
2000
Pickup
2750
2001
Pickup
2750
2002
Pickup
2750
2003
Pickup
2750
2004
Pickup
2750
2005
Pickup
2750
2006
Pickup
2750
2007
Pickup
2750
2008
Pickup
2750
2009
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-106
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
2750
2010
Pickup
2750
2011
Pickup
2750
2012
Pickup
2750
2013
Pickup
2750
2014
Pickup
2750
2015
Pickup
2750
2016
Pickup
2750
2017
Pickup
2750
2018
Pickup
3000
1975
60
0.006
20.7
16.4
19.4
17.6
538.0
456.4
503.8
107
70
0.667
0.0234
26.6
Pickup
3000
1976
63
0.005
22.3
17.5
21.2
19.0
497.6
411.0
467.9
108
70
0.667
0.0234
29.0
Pickup
3000
1977
78
0.006
28.6
22.4
27.2
24.3
390.8
322.7
365.2
122
75
0.629
0.0249
37.0
Pickup
3000
1978
124
0.009
27.5
21.9
25.5
23.4
401.1
344.0
380.4
123
77
16.7
0.631
0.0258
35.5
Pickup
3000
1979
174
0.013
23.9
18.9
22.4
20.3
458.8
388.7
436.9
124
80
17.5
0.649
0.0266
31.2
Pickup
3000
1980
169
0.015
23.6
18.8
21.9
20.1
463.6
397.1
442.2
127
84
17.2
0.666
0.0281
30.7
Pickup
3000
1981
211
0.020
27.1
21.6
25.2
23.1
416.4
358.5
396.6
136
83
17.3
0.613
0.0278
35.6
Pickup
3000
1982
353
0.036
26.4
20.8
25.0
22.5
429.3
359.3
402.8
157
96
16.9
0.616
0.0322
34.4
Pickup
3000
1983
378
0.037
26.4
20.7
25.0
22.5
426.5
354.7
399.5
149
93
15.7
0.626
0.0310
34.3
Pickup
3000
1984
475
0.034
26.6
20.8
25.4
22.6
423.9
347.4
394.6
147
93
15.5
0.636
0.0310
34.5
Pickup
3000
1985
583
0.040
26.3
20.6
25.0
22.4
425.9
353.8
397.8
153
100
14.3
0.656
0.0334
33.9
Pickup
3000
1986
785
0.051
26.8
20.9
25.3
22.7
422.7
349.4
391.6
144
100
13.8
0.689
0.0333
34.3
Pickup
3000
1987
728
0.049
27.0
20.8
25.7
22.8
424.6
344.9
389.7
146
100
14.0
0.684
0.0334
34.4
Pickup
3000
1988
715
0.047
27.4
21.1
25.9
23.1
417.4
341.2
384.6
146
98
14.3
0.672
0.0328
34.9
Pickup
3000
1989
575
0.040
27.6
21.2
25.8
23.2
417.0
343.8
383.6
146
102
13.3
0.699
0.0340
34.9
Pickup
3000
1990
413
0.033
28.2
21.6
25.9
23.5
409.5
341.1
378.2
143
110
11.9
0.765
0.0365
35.4
Pickup
3000
1991
577
0.046
27.5
20.8
25.6
22.9
424.0
346.5
388.1
149
109
12.0
0.735
0.0364
34.5
Pickup
3000
1992
318
0.026
27.1
20.4
25.2
22.5
433.6
352.0
395.2
148
112
11.5
0.760
0.0375
33.9
Pickup
3000
1993
364
0.028
27.4
20.4
25.5
22.6
433.6
347.6
392.6
150
115
10.6
0.771
0.0385
34.1
Pickup
3000
1994
275
0.019
28.0
20.9
25.5
23.0
424.0
347.7
386.1
143
117
10.4
0.818
0.0390
34.6
Pickup
3000
1995
172
0.011
27.3
20.4
24.6
22.3
436.1
361.0
397.9
145
129
10.1
0.883
0.0429
33.5
Pickup
3000
1996
103
0.008
27.2
20.1
24.5
22.1
442.2
362.3
401.4
148
139
10.0
0.938
0.0462
33.3
Pickup
3000
1997
66
0.005
26.6
19.6
23.9
21.6
452.7
371.3
410.9
146
134
10.1
0.917
0.0446
32.5
Pickup
3000
1998
81
0.006
27.3
20.0
24.2
22.0
444.3
366.8
403.6
149
142
10.2
0.954
0.0473
33.1
Pickup
3000
1999
50
0.003
27.2
19.8
24.0
21.9
448.0
369.9
406.5
149
142
10.2
0.953
0.0473
32.8
Pickup
3000
2000
40
0.002
26.7
19.5
23.2
21.3
456.3
383.0
416.8
149
142
9.8
0.953
0.0473
32.0
Pickup
3000
2001
23
0.001
27.1
19.7
23.2
21.5
451.0
381.3
413.4
149
142
9.7
0.953
0.0473
32.3
Pickup
3000
2002
21
0.001
27.7
19.6
24.3
22.0
452.3
365.7
404.7
149
142
9.8
0.953
0.0473
33.0
Pickup
3000
2003
21
0.001
27.7
19.6
24.1
21.9
454.2
368.4
406.6
149
142
9.7
0.953
0.0473
32.8
Pickup
3000
2004
23
0.001
27.6
19.4
23.9
21.7
457.4
370.6
408.8
149
142
9.8
0.953
0.0473
32.6
Pickup
3000
2005
Pickup
3000
2006
Pickup
3000
2007
Pickup
3000
2008
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-107
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
2750
2010
Pickup
2750
2011
Pickup
2750
2012
Pickup
2750
2013
Pickup
2750
2014
Pickup
2750
2015
Pickup
2750
2016
Pickup
2750
2017
Pickup
2750
2018
Pickup
3000
1975
100.0%
69.3%
30.7%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
1976
100.0%
84.5%
15.5%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
1977
100.0%
88.8%
11.2%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
1978
100.0%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
1979
31.7%
68.3%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
1980
56.9%
43.1%
93.2%
6.8%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
1981
44.0%
56.0%
93.7%
6.2%
0.1%
74.5%
25.5%
Pickup
3000
1982
21.0%
79.0%
74.1%
3.2%
22.7%
83.0%
17.0%
Pickup
3000
1983
16.4%
83.6%
73.6%
16.8%
9.6%
91.2%
CO
CO
Pickup
3000
1984
9.4%
90.6%
74.8%
13.7%
11.5%
92.0%
3.4%
4.7%
Pickup
3000
1985
9.9%
90.1%
68.8%
5.1%
26.0%
67.4%
16.8%
14.0%
1.8%
Pickup
3000
1986
4.1%
95.9%
78.9%
4.4%
16.7%
46.2%
19.3%
33.6%
0.9%
Pickup
3000
1987
4.6%
95.4%
77.4%
6.7%
15.9%
39.4%
20.3%
39.9%
0.4%
Pickup
3000
1988
1.0%
99.0%
77.9%
6.2%
15.9%
34.7%
28.3%
37.0%
Pickup
3000
1989
100.0%
82.7%
5.7%
11.6%
23.8%
31.0%
45.2%
Pickup
3000
1990
100.0%
86.3%
2.9%
10.7%
19.1%
70.8%
10.1%
Pickup
3000
1991
100.0%
88.1%
2.9%
9.0%
10.6%
51.5%
37.9%
Pickup
3000
1992
100.0%
85.9%
4.7%
9.4%
18.7%
53.1%
28.2%
Pickup
3000
1993
100.0%
87.3%
4.4%
8.3%
11.6%
63.2%
25.2%
Pickup
3000
1994
100.0%
85.5%
9.2%
5.3%
7.5%
92.5%
Pickup
3000
1995
100.0%
79.0%
11.8%
9.2%
100.0%
18.1%
Pickup
3000
1996
100.0%
72.2%
25.7%
2.1%
100.0%
99.9%
Pickup
3000
1997
100.0%
82.0%
18.0%
100.0%
99.1%
Pickup
3000
1998
100.0%
54.3%
45.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
1999
100.0%
52.2%
47.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
2000
100.0%
47.6%
52.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
2001
100.0%
47.6%
52.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
2002
100.0%
47.2%
52.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
2003
100.0%
45.1%
54.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
2004
100.0%
42.9%
57.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3000
2005
Pickup
3000
2006
Pickup
3000
2007
Pickup
3000
2008
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-108
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
3000
2009
Pickup
3000
2010
Pickup
3000
2011
Pickup
3000
2012
Pickup
3000
2013
Pickup
3000
2014
Pickup
3000
2015
Pickup
3000
2016
Pickup
3000
2017
Pickup
3000
2018
Pickup
3500
1975
39
0.004
15.1
11.9
14.4
12.9
745.3
611.5
689.6
348
156
0.447
0.0445
22.7
Pickup
3500
1976
71
0.006
16.5
13.1
15.5
14.1
669.9
561.9
631.2
319
138
0.440
0.0394
25.0
Pickup
3500
1977
65
0.005
17.1
13.6
15.9
14.6
645.8
550.8
610.5
328
143
0.442
0.0408
25.8
Pickup
3500
1978
89
0.006
18.5
14.6
17.4
15.8
601.8
504.7
563.8
275
132
12.9
0.497
0.0377
27.8
Pickup
3500
1979
22
0.002
18.9
15.1
17.5
16.1
580.9
499.8
551.8
209
106
16.2
0.531
0.0304
28.6
Pickup
3500
1980
53
0.005
18.7
15.2
16.8
15.9
580.8
520.0
560.3
213
113
15.8
0.557
0.0323
28.1
Pickup
3500
1981
105
0.010
21.3
16.9
19.8
18.1
522.6
444.7
490.7
247
112
15.3
0.472
0.0319
31.9
Pickup
3500
1982
120
0.012
22.3
17.7
21.0
19.0
501.6
420.2
467.8
210
108
16.5
0.545
0.0310
33.4
Pickup
3500
1983
231
0.022
23.4
18.2
22.5
19.9
486.4
392.0
446.9
178
107
15.4
0.618
0.0305
35.1
Pickup
3500
1984
356
0.025
22.7
17.8
21.7
19.4
497.6
404.8
460.1
174
104
15.6
0.615
0.0297
34.2
Pickup
3500
1985
342
0.024
23.3
18.3
22.3
19.9
484.4
394.7
447.4
180
110
14.7
0.641
0.0313
35.0
Pickup
3500
1986
432
0.028
23.2
18.1
22.0
19.7
486.3
402.5
450.9
167
119
13.4
0.726
0.0341
34.7
Pickup
3500
1987
478
0.032
22.9
17.6
21.9
19.4
500.4
403.3
458.4
178
121
13.6
0.696
0.0347
34.1
Pickup
3500
1988
491
0.032
22.8
17.5
21.8
19.3
505.4
405.3
461.5
184
130
13.1
0.719
0.0370
33.9
Pickup
3500
1989
439
0.030
22.6
17.3
21.5
19.0
510.9
411.7
466.8
195
132
12.5
0.696
0.0376
33.5
Pickup
3500
1990
317
0.025
23.1
17.5
21.9
19.4
506.1
403.0
458.8
186
135
11.5
0.741
0.0386
34.0
Pickup
3500
1991
413
0.033
23.9
17.9
22.8
20.0
493.1
388.3
444.3
199
137
11.4
0.712
0.0393
35.2
Pickup
3500
1992
413
0.034
24.7
18.3
23.4
20.5
480.6
376.5
432.6
187
131
11.5
0.719
0.0374
36.2
Pickup
3500
1993
444
0.034
24.5
18.2
23.2
20.4
485.4
381.0
436.5
186
134
10.6
0.738
0.0384
35.9
Pickup
3500
1994
736
0.052
25.3
18.6
23.7
20.9
472.3
372.8
425.6
178
132
10.7
0.752
0.0377
36.8
Pickup
3500
1995
578
0.038
26.3
19.1
24.6
21.6
458.5
357.8
411.4
167
131
10.9
0.804
0.0375
38.2
Pickup
3500
1996
568
0.043
26.3
19.1
24.6
21.6
461.9
358.1
411.9
158
129
11.6
0.828
0.0368
38.1
Pickup
3500
1997
457
0.032
27.0
19.5
24.9
22.0
450.4
353.5
403.5
154
123
11.9
0.815
0.0353
38.9
Pickup
3500
1998
630
0.044
26.1
18.7
24.1
21.2
469.6
365.0
419.0
157
131
11.8
0.840
0.0373
37.5
Pickup
3500
1999
493
0.032
24.9
17.7
23.0
20.2
495.0
381.0
439.5
162
133
11.7
0.827
0.0380
35.8
Pickup
3500
2000
545
0.033
24.9
17.6
22.9
20.1
499.6
385.0
441.6
163
135
11.2
0.842
0.0386
35.5
Pickup
3500
2001
348
0.022
24.5
17.4
22.3
19.7
506.0
395.7
450.1
161
138
10.8
0.867
0.0395
34.9
Pickup
3500
2002
213
0.013
24.9
17.6
22.3
19.9
496.8
395.1
445.7
168
146
10.5
0.884
0.0417
35.3
Pickup
3500
2003
293
0.019
25.7
17.8
23.5
20.6
493.9
376.2
431.7
154
135
11.1
0.889
0.0385
36.3
Pickup
3500
2004
131
0.008
25.9
18.0
23.1
20.6
487.8
382.6
432.0
158
149
10.3
0.944
0.0425
36.3
Pickup
3500
2005
92
0.006
25.9
17.7
23.5
20.6
497.7
376.6
431.5
167
159
9.8
0.960
0.0455
36.3
Pickup
3500
2006
100
0.007
26.1
17.7
23.9
20.8
497.8
370.3
427.6
164
161
9.9
0.984
0.0459
36.6
Pickup
3500
2007
89
0.006
26.0
17.8
23.5
20.6
493.1
375.8
431.1
161
159
10.0
0.995
0.0455
36.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-109
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
3000
2009
Pickup
3000
2010
Pickup
3000
2011
Pickup
3000
2012
Pickup
3000
2013
Pickup
3000
2014
Pickup
3000
2015
Pickup
3000
2016
Pickup
3000
2017
Pickup
3000
2018
Pickup
3500
1975
100.0%
5.9%
94.1%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
1976
100.0%
11.9%
88.1%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
1977
100.0%
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
1978
100.0%
20.5%
79.5%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
1979
100.0%
35.1%
64.9%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
1980
100.0%
42.1%
8.6%
49.3%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
1981
6.1%
93.9%
62.3%
6.7%
31.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
1982
31.5%
68.5%
80.0%
3.8%
16.2%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
1983
59.4%
40.6%
66.6%
5.4%
28.0%
98.3%
0.1%
1.6%
Pickup
3500
1984
62.0%
38.0%
67.5%
7.1%
25.4%
97.5%
2.5%
Pickup
3500
1985
60.9%
39.1%
71.5%
3.5%
25.0%
81.6%
14.2%
3.5%
0.7%
Pickup
3500
1986
67.4%
32.6%
69.0%
0.8%
30.2%
34.0%
35.6%
30.1%
0.3%
Pickup
3500
1987
56.2%
43.8%
55.2%
0.8%
44.0%
41.3%
28.5%
30.0%
0.2%
Pickup
3500
1988
55.6%
44.4%
54.0%
0.8%
45.2%
4.8%
54.5%
40.6%
Pickup
3500
1989
37.3%
62.7%
51.7%
0.4%
47.9%
2.1%
53.8%
44.0%
Pickup
3500
1990
30.7%
69.3%
52.7%
47.3%
77.5%
22.5%
Pickup
3500
1991
21.3%
78.7%
52.4%
47.6%
59.0%
41.0%
Pickup
3500
1992
18.4%
81.6%
65.1%
34.9%
70.5%
29.5%
Pickup
3500
1993
19.1%
80.9%
64.4%
35.6%
76.2%
23.8%
Pickup
3500
1994
9.0%
91.0%
63.2%
36.8%
86.6%
13.4%
1.9%
Pickup
3500
1995
7.7%
92.3%
69.5%
30.5%
83.1%
16.9%
6.9%
Pickup
3500
1996
7.5%
92.5%
66.2%
33.8%
100.0%
14.8%
Pickup
3500
1997
1.0%
99.0%
67.9%
32.1%
100.0%
9.2%
Pickup
3500
1998
8.5%
91.5%
57.8%
42.2%
100.0%
18.9%
Pickup
3500
1999
7.5%
92.5%
46.9%
53.1%
100.0%
16.1%
Pickup
3500
2000
5.4%
94.6%
41.0%
59.0%
100.0%
19.7%
Pickup
3500
2001
2.8%
97.2%
40.2%
2.6%
57.1%
100.0%
34.4%
Pickup
3500
2002
100.0%
34.7%
4.6%
60.6%
100.0%
54.8%
Pickup
3500
2003
1.4%
98.6%
36.1%
3.5%
60.4%
100.0%
33.2%
Pickup
3500
2004
100.0%
38.5%
7.8%
53.7%
100.0%
77.4%
12.7%
Pickup
3500
2005
100.0%
37.7%
62.3%
100.0%
77.9%
51.5%
Pickup
3500
2006
1.2%
98.8%
35.8%
64.2%
100.0%
86.7%
59.5%
Pickup
3500
2007
100.0%
32.3%
67.7%
100.0%
89.2%
89.2%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-110
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
3500
2008
89
0.006
26.7
18.3
23.8
21.1
480.6
371.5
421.0
48.8
159
157
10.2
0.991
0.0448
37.2
Pickup
3500
2009
54
0.006
27.9
19.3
24.5
21.9
458.3
361.7
405.2
49.5
154
155
10.1
1.011
0.0443
38.6
Pickup
3500
2010
52
0.005
27.7
19.1
24.5
21.8
464.4
362.7
407.2
49.1
150
152
10.4
1.016
0.0435
38.3
Pickup
3500
2011
62
0.005
27.7
19.1
24.3
21.7
463.5
365.4
408.7
47.4
149
151
10.4
1.015
0.0432
38.2
Pickup
3500
2012
22
0.002
27.5
18.7
24.4
21.5
475.3
364.6
412.5
45.2
177
180
9.4
1.016
0.0516
37.7
Pickup
3500
2013
14
0.001
29.3
20.0
24.4
22.3
443.1
364.8
398.6
51.5
164
159
10.1
0.967
0.0454
39.0
Pickup
3500
2014
12
0.001
29.3
20.0
24.3
22.3
443.6
365.4
399.1
46.4
164
159
10.1
0.967
0.0454
39.0
Pickup
3500
2015
Pickup
3500
2016
Pickup
3500
2017
Pickup
3500
2018
Pickup
4000
1975
733
0.072
14.1
11.0
13.6
12.0
788.5
638.5
737.7
330
143
0.433
0.0358
24.6
Pickup
4000
1976
907
0.073
15.3
12.2
14.3
13.1
711.5
602.7
680.8
327
135
0.412
0.0338
26.8
Pickup
4000
1977
855
0.061
16.7
13.4
15.3
14.2
651.9
567.6
626.1
322
144
0.445
0.0359
28.9
Pickup
4000
1978
951
0.066
16.1
13.0
14.4
13.6
668.7
590.7
652.3
318
144
13.1
0.453
0.0361
28.0
Pickup
4000
1979
606
0.044
15.9
12.9
14.4
13.5
680.0
607.1
657.0
306
142
14.0
0.465
0.0356
27.4
Pickup
4000
1980
439
0.039
18.7
14.9
17.4
15.9
593.3
504.0
557.6
283
127
15.2
0.451
0.0317
32.1
Pickup
4000
1981
587
0.056
19.2
15.2
17.9
16.3
578.8
490.3
544.2
286
128
15.0
0.451
0.0320
33.0
Pickup
4000
1982
397
0.041
18.7
14.9
17.4
15.9
592.9
502.4
558.3
292
130
16.1
0.446
0.0325
32.2
Pickup
4000
1983
332
0.032
18.5
14.7
17.4
15.8
597.9
502.0
563.5
291
130
14.7
0.446
0.0324
32.0
Pickup
4000
1984
406
0.029
18.5
14.6
17.4
15.7
601.8
499.5
565.1
287
127
14.8
0.442
0.0317
32.0
Pickup
4000
1985
385
0.027
18.5
14.8
17.2
15.8
594.1
508.6
564.0
292
140
13.8
0.479
0.0349
31.9
Pickup
4000
1986
465
0.030
19.2
15.2
17.7
16.3
580.3
494.6
546.3
276
134
13.4
0.505
0.0336
32.8
Pickup
4000
1987
271
0.018
19.1
15.1
17.6
16.2
586.4
497.8
550.0
273
141
13.2
0.530
0.0353
32.5
0.1%
Pickup
4000
1988
370
0.024
19.7
15.2
18.7
16.6
583.5
472.5
534.6
282
154
12.4
0.555
0.0385
33.4
0.0%
Pickup
4000
1989
369
0.026
20.1
15.3
19.3
17.0
577.0
456.7
523.8
269
159
11.8
0.607
0.0397
34.2
Pickup
4000
1990
342
0.027
20.2
15.1
19.4
16.9
583.6
454.9
524.9
271
162
10.9
0.612
0.0405
34.1
Pickup
4000
1991
353
0.028
20.4
15.2
19.6
17.1
581.6
450.6
520.9
262
159
11.1
0.623
0.0397
34.3
Pickup
4000
1992
332
0.027
20.4
15.1
19.7
17.1
585.1
448.5
520.6
250
154
11.1
0.628
0.0386
34.3
Pickup
4000
1993
313
0.024
20.5
15.2
19.5
17.1
581.5
453.1
520.2
236
155
10.4
0.669
0.0388
34.3
Pickup
4000
1994
536
0.038
20.9
15.4
19.8
17.3
573.7
447.2
512.4
241
169
9.9
0.715
0.0423
34.9
Pickup
4000
1995
292
0.019
20.9
15.4
19.5
17.3
574.4
452.6
514.2
230
164
10.3
0.727
0.0411
34.7
Pickup
4000
1996
286
0.022
21.6
15.7
20.3
17.8
564.9
435.1
499.6
239
173
10.3
0.734
0.0432
35.7
Pickup
4000
1997
425
0.029
21.5
15.5
20.2
17.6
572.6
439.4
504.2
246
185
9.8
0.756
0.0461
35.3
Pickup
4000
1998
437
0.030
21.3
15.3
19.9
17.4
578.7
446.0
510.0
236
178
10.4
0.766
0.0446
34.9
Pickup
4000
1999
420
0.028
20.7
14.9
19.1
16.9
595.8
464.0
526.8
231
173
10.7
0.755
0.0431
33.8
Pickup
4000
2000
481
0.029
20.8
14.9
19.1
16.9
594.9
464.2
525.5
222
171
10.3
0.779
0.0429
33.9
Pickup
4000
2001
437
0.028
20.7
14.8
18.8
16.7
599.4
471.1
531.0
226
184
9.6
0.819
0.0460
33.6
Pickup
4000
2002
386
0.024
20.9
15.0
18.6
16.8
591.8
475.1
529.3
220
183
9.8
0.836
0.0457
33.7
Pickup
4000
2003
396
0.025
21.4
15.2
19.2
17.2
583.8
461.2
517.7
213
178
10.0
0.844
0.0445
34.5
Pickup
4000
2004
380
0.024
21.8
15.2
19.6
17.4
581.1
449.9
510.0
208
189
9.6
0.910
0.0473
35.0
Pickup
4000
2005
293
0.018
23.1
15.9
20.9
18.4
554.9
422.0
482.3
211
206
9.0
0.978
0.0516
37.1
Pickup
4000
2006
282
0.019
23.4
16.1
21.1
18.7
547.6
417.3
476.3
209
202
9.2
0.970
0.0505
37.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-lll
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
3500
2008
100.0%
25.7%
74.3%
100.0%
87.4%
92.4%
Pickup
3500
2009
100.0%
23.9%
76.1%
100.0%
98.3%
98.3%
Pickup
3500
2010
100.0%
16.5%
83.5%
100.0%
100.0%
31.9%
Pickup
3500
2011
100.0%
16.0%
84.0%
100.0%
98.4%
22.3%
Pickup
3500
2012
100.0%
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
2013
100.0%
16.6%
83.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
2014
100.0%
14.4%
85.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
3500
2015
Pickup
3500
2016
Pickup
3500
2017
Pickup
3500
2018
Pickup
4000
1975
0.7%
99.3%
33.1%
66.9%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
1976
1.0%
99.0%
33.8%
66.2%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
1977
1.2%
98.8%
30.6%
69.4%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
1978
1.1%
98.9%
30.5%
69.5%
99.3%
0.7%
Pickup
4000
1979
6.3%
93.7%
33.8%
61.5%
4.8%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
1980
5.6%
94.4%
51.5%
31.1%
17.4%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
1981
7.3%
92.7%
44.3%
20.5%
35.1%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
1982
9.4%
90.6%
32.9%
38.7%
28.4%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
1983
4.8%
95.2%
27.0%
23.6%
49.0%
0.4%
99.8%
0.2%
Pickup
4000
1984
6.3%
93.7%
34.2%
25.9%
39.9%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
4000
1985
7.8%
92.2%
26.7%
41.3%
32.0%
86.2%
13.8%
0.0%
Pickup
4000
1986
13.5%
86.5%
36.8%
29.7%
33.5%
61.0%
28.0%
11.0%
Pickup
4000
1987
17.6%
82.3%
40.2%
24.2%
35.5%
33.5%
48.8%
17.6%
Pickup
4000
1988
18.0%
81.9%
43.2%
16.7%
40.1%
0.0%
39.6%
60.4%
Pickup
4000
1989
37.0%
63.0%
39.8%
5.4%
54.8%
28.4%
71.6%
Pickup
4000
1990
27.6%
72.4%
36.9%
5.3%
57.8%
31.6%
68.4%
Pickup
4000
1991
40.0%
60.0%
42.4%
0.0%
57.6%
36.0%
64.0%
Pickup
4000
1992
32.0%
68.0%
37.3%
62.7%
54.4%
45.6%
Pickup
4000
1993
42.3%
57.7%
38.0%
62.0%
68.8%
31.2%
Pickup
4000
1994
43.7%
56.3%
38.4%
61.6%
66.0%
34.0%
8.4%
Pickup
4000
1995
53.8%
46.2%
38.4%
61.6%
77.2%
22.8%
17.0%
Pickup
4000
1996
44.0%
56.0%
31.7%
68.3%
100.0%
22.4%
Pickup
4000
1997
26.0%
74.0%
31.3%
68.7%
100.0%
10.9%
Pickup
4000
1998
42.1%
57.9%
35.5%
64.5%
100.0%
15.5%
Pickup
4000
1999
52.4%
47.6%
26.1%
73.9%
100.0%
16.0%
Pickup
4000
2000
45.0%
55.0%
21.0%
79.0%
100.0%
13.6%
Pickup
4000
2001
43.1%
56.9%
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
21.5%
Pickup
4000
2002
38.1%
61.9%
19.7%
80.3%
100.0%
40.0%
Pickup
4000
2003
36.3%
63.7%
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
34.5%
Pickup
4000
2004
41.3%
58.7%
16.3%
83.7%
100.0%
53.4%
20.3%
Pickup
4000
2005
35.2%
64.8%
17.1%
82.9%
100.0%
77.9%
72.5%
Pickup
4000
2006
29.8%
70.2%
17.1%
82.9%
100.0%
82.7%
80.5%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-112
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
4000
2007
209
0.014
22.8
15.7
20.6
18.2
560.2
429.2
488.8
212
199
9.4
0.941
0.0498
36.6
Pickup
4000
2008
186
0.013
23.2
16.0
20.8
18.5
550.8
423.6
481.6
50.5
213
199
9.5
0.938
0.0498
37.1
Pickup
4000
2009
97
0.010
24.2
16.7
21.6
19.2
527.2
408.3
463.0
51.4
209
202
9.1
0.974
0.0506
38.7
Pickup
4000
2010
97
0.009
23.9
16.6
21.3
19.0
531.6
412.4
467.9
52.1
213
205
9.2
0.965
0.0512
38.3
Pickup
4000
2011
128
0.011
23.5
16.4
20.9
18.7
537.9
420.5
475.8
52.8
218
202
9.2
0.933
0.0505
37.7
Pickup
4000
2012
92
0.007
25.8
17.8
22.5
20.2
498.7
393.9
440.4
53.3
198
198
9.6
1.000
0.0495
40.5
Pickup
4000
2013
89
0.006
25.9
18.0
22.2
20.2
493.0
399.5
441.0
54.1
194
190
9.8
0.976
0.0474
40.4
Pickup
4000
2014
72
0.005
25.9
18.0
22.2
20.2
493.4
399.2
440.9
54.9
192
187
9.9
0.977
0.0468
40.4
Pickup
4000
2015
123
0.007
26.4
18.2
22.8
20.6
486.0
387.5
431.8
55.6
190
193
9.6
1.026
0.0483
41.3
Pickup
4000
2016
76
0.005
27.5
18.9
24.4
21.7
469.0
363.2
410.2
55.8
163
190
9.6
1.157
0.0475
43.5
Pickup
4000
2017
63
0.004
27.0
18.7
23.8
21.3
474.2
372.5
417.8
55.4
162
179
9.9
1.099
0.0448
42.7
Pickup
4000
2018
0.004
27.9
19.3
24.2
21.8
460.3
365.6
407.4
57.7
165
190
9.5
1.145
0.0475
43.7
Pickup
4500
1975
180
0.018
11.8
9.6
10.6
10.0
923.3
829.7
890.4
366
166
0.451
0.0369
22.6
Pickup
4500
1976
375
0.030
12.6
10.3
11.3
10.7
860.6
774.9
827.8
365
161
0.439
0.0358
24.3
Pickup
4500
1977
539
0.038
13.7
11.2
12.2
11.6
789.7
720.2
765.1
369
169
0.459
0.0377
26.3
Pickup
4500
1978
578
0.040
13.6
11.2
12.1
11.5
791.6
729.9
772.0
361
163
12.9
0.453
0.0363
26.3
Pickup
4500
1979
631
0.045
14.2
11.8
12.7
12.2
741.9
685.6
730.7
320
146
14.7
0.459
0.0323
27.9
Pickup
4500
1980
247
0.022
15.7
12.6
14.3
13.3
699.9
616.4
669.5
323
147
14.9
0.456
0.0326
30.3
Pickup
4500
1981
210
0.020
16.8
13.4
15.5
14.3
656.4
566.1
622.5
314
147
14.9
0.472
0.0327
32.6
Pickup
4500
1982
193
0.020
17.1
13.7
15.7
14.5
640.7
556.3
612.0
311
156
15.2
0.504
0.0347
33.2
Pickup
4500
1983
247
0.024
17.0
13.5
15.8
14.5
648.8
555.3
615.4
310
151
14.2
0.488
0.0335
33.0
Pickup
4500
1984
385
0.027
16.8
13.4
15.6
14.3
656.6
560.4
620.6
310
150
14.2
0.483
0.0333
32.6
Pickup
4500
1985
428
0.030
16.8
13.4
15.5
14.3
658.4
564.5
623.1
310
159
13.5
0.513
0.0354
32.4
Pickup
4500
1986
439
0.029
17.4
13.8
16.1
14.8
639.6
544.3
601.1
307
155
13.1
0.503
0.0344
33.5
Pickup
4500
1987
353
0.024
17.2
13.5
16.0
14.6
655.7
548.3
610.6
316
168
12.6
0.531
0.0374
33.0
Pickup
4500
1988
596
0.039
17.8
13.7
16.9
15.0
648.1
521.2
592.1
322
174
12.3
0.539
0.0387
33.9
Pickup
4500
1989
641
0.044
17.8
13.6
16.9
15.0
650.6
521.5
592.5
320
174
11.8
0.542
0.0388
33.9
Pickup
4500
1990
507
0.040
18.0
13.6
17.2
15.1
649.7
510.4
588.7
318
172
11.2
0.536
0.0381
34.3
Pickup
4500
1991
435
0.035
18.1
13.5
17.5
15.2
652.0
504.9
584.2
315
176
11.1
0.555
0.0390
34.5
Pickup
4500
1992
513
0.042
18.4
13.6
17.8
15.4
649.3
497.2
576.3
310
171
11.0
0.550
0.0380
34.8
Pickup
4500
1993
614
0.046
19.0
13.9
18.4
15.8
635.6
481.4
560.8
306
177
10.1
0.579
0.0394
35.8
0.0%
Pickup
4500
1994
684
0.048
18.7
13.7
18.0
15.6
646.7
492.2
570.8
311
186
9.8
0.600
0.0414
35.2
Pickup
4500
1995
744
0.049
18.6
13.5
17.8
15.4
655.4
497.6
576.9
308
182
10.1
0.593
0.0404
34.8
Pickup
4500
1996
543
0.041
18.9
13.7
17.9
15.6
645.2
493.4
569.1
305
201
10.0
0.660
0.0447
35.3
Pickup
4500
1997
611
0.042
19.8
14.2
18.8
16.3
623.5
470.0
545.2
283
212
9.6
0.753
0.0472
36.8
Pickup
4500
1998
585
0.040
19.8
14.2
18.8
16.3
625.6
470.2
545.0
289
217
9.8
0.752
0.0481
36.8
Pickup
4500
1999
624
0.041
19.9
14.2
18.6
16.2
624.9
475.5
546.9
287
224
9.6
0.780
0.0497
36.7
Pickup
4500
2000
766
0.046
20.0
14.3
18.6
16.3
621.5
477.3
544.7
281
224
9.2
0.798
0.0498
36.8
Pickup
4500
2001
518
0.033
20.0
14.1
18.4
16.2
626.7
480.7
548.3
264
210
9.4
0.796
0.0468
36.6
Pickup
4500
2002
556
0.034
19.8
14.0
18.2
16.0
634.6
487.2
554.2
262
213
9.5
0.811
0.0473
36.1
Pickup
4500
2003
511
0.032
20.2
14.2
18.5
16.3
624.7
479.8
544.6
261
212
9.4
0.814
0.0472
36.8
Pickup
4500
2004
350
0.022
20.5
14.3
18.8
16.5
622.1
472.1
538.4
257
215
9.4
0.841
0.0478
37.2
Pickup
4500
2005
374
0.024
20.8
14.3
19.2
16.7
619.9
462.2
530.8
247
227
9.0
0.924
0.0505
37.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-113
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
4000
2007
27.6%
72.4%
14.2%
85.8%
100.0%
65.9%
53.6%
Pickup
4000
2008
31.3%
68.7%
13.9%
86.1%
100.0%
63.5%
44.0%
Pickup
4000
2009
25.5%
74.5%
22.1%
77.9%
100.0%
81.3%
52.7%
Pickup
4000
2010
24.1%
75.9%
16.2%
83.8%
100.0%
75.7%
76.3%
Pickup
4000
2011
35.7%
64.3%
11.2%
88.8%
100.0%
59.8%
60.2%
Pickup
4000
2012
18.7%
81.3%
10.2%
89.8%
100.0%
99.6%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
2013
14.5%
85.5%
10.1%
89.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
2014
14.5%
85.5%
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
2015
7.6%
92.4%
7.1%
92.9%
14.4%
85.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
2016
100.0%
6.0%
94.0%
44.1%
55.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
2017
100.0%
4.3%
95.7%
29.0%
71.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4000
2018
100.0%
8.0%
92.0%
32.8%
67.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4500
1975
55.4%
44.6%
51.3%
48.7%
100.0%
Pickup
4500
1976
64.5%
35.5%
45.2%
54.8%
100.0%
Pickup
4500
1977
58.2%
41.8%
31.0%
69.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4500
1978
68.5%
31.5%
31.7%
68.3%
96.5%
3.5%
Pickup
4500
1979
16.4%
83.6%
25.6%
74.4%
99.7%
0.3%
Pickup
4500
1980
30.9%
69.1%
32.0%
23.5%
44.4%
97.4%
2.6%
Pickup
4500
1981
25.2%
74.8%
18.6%
21.1%
60.3%
98.2%
1.8%
Pickup
4500
1982
20.0%
80.0%
15.7%
20.1%
64.1%
99.2%
0.8%
Pickup
4500
1983
34.0%
66.0%
21.4%
21.6%
55.4%
1.7%
99.1%
0.9%
Pickup
4500
1984
34.6%
65.4%
18.6%
23.0%
58.4%
99.6%
0.4%
Pickup
4500
1985
33.6%
66.4%
16.9%
18.2%
64.9%
92.0%
CO
o
0.0%
Pickup
4500
1986
36.8%
63.2%
19.9%
13.9%
66.3%
77.7%
22.3%
0.0%
Pickup
4500
1987
35.5%
64.5%
21.6%
32.7%
45.7%
12.7%
41.5%
45.8%
0.1%
Pickup
4500
1988
38.3%
61.7%
20.3%
18.0%
61.7%
0.5%
35.5%
63.9%
0.1%
Pickup
4500
1989
37.7%
62.3%
32.4%
9.4%
58.1%
45.1%
54.7%
0.1%
Pickup
4500
1990
34.2%
65.8%
25.5%
8.0%
66.5%
51.7%
48.2%
0.1%
Pickup
4500
1991
28.6%
71.4%
23.7%
1.0%
75.3%
48.0%
51.9%
0.1%
Pickup
4500
1992
21.1%
78.9%
27.9%
0.1%
72.0%
59.3%
40.6%
0.1%
Pickup
4500
1993
16.9%
83.1%
19.5%
80.5%
55.4%
44.6%
Pickup
4500
1994
14.5%
85.5%
17.3%
82.7%
59.9%
40.1%
Pickup
4500
1995
18.4%
81.6%
26.6%
73.4%
58.9%
41.1%
0.7%
Pickup
4500
1996
11.9%
88.1%
19.0%
81.0%
100.0%
1.4%
Pickup
4500
1997
16.3%
83.7%
12.5%
87.5%
100.0%
1.2%
Pickup
4500
1998
9.6%
90.4%
11.4%
88.6%
100.0%
0.6%
Pickup
4500
1999
18.1%
81.9%
9.4%
90.6%
100.0%
Pickup
4500
2000
17.7%
82.3%
10.3%
89.7%
100.0%
7.3%
Pickup
4500
2001
16.0%
84.0%
11.0%
89.0%
100.0%
9.1%
Pickup
4500
2002
27.1%
72.9%
8.7%
91.3%
100.0%
15.4%
Pickup
4500
2003
27.6%
72.4%
12.5%
87.5%
100.0%
12.2%
Pickup
4500
2004
31.9%
68.1%
10.9%
89.1%
100.0%
9.1%
6.0%
Pickup
4500
2005
35.7%
64.3%
7.6%
92.4%
100.0%
38.1%
38.1%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-114
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
4500
2006
368
0.024
21.3
14.6
19.5
17.1
607.9
454.5
521.0
240
233
8.9
0.980
0.0518
38.4
Pickup
4500
2007
252
0.017
21.4
14.7
19.5
17.1
604.1
454.5
519.3
237
233
9.0
0.993
0.0517
38.5
Pickup
4500
2008
201
0.014
21.5
14.8
19.7
17.3
600.1
449.8
515.0
58.4
234
230
9.1
0.990
0.0511
38.9
Pickup
4500
2009
105
0.011
22.1
15.2
20.1
17.7
582.8
441.5
502.9
54.9
238
239
8.7
1.008
0.0531
39.8
Pickup
4500
2010
121
0.011
22.0
15.1
20.1
17.6
587.5
442.4
505.6
55.0
239
242
8.7
1.016
0.0538
39.6
Pickup
4500
2011
151
0.013
21.9
15.1
20.0
17.6
586.6
442.7
505.5
57.2
240
240
CO
CO
1.003
0.0532
39.6
Pickup
4500
2012
157
0.012
22.3
15.4
20.3
17.8
576.3
438.0
498.4
55.2
243
247
8.6
1.020
0.0549
40.2
Pickup
4500
2013
130
0.009
22.9
15.8
20.8
18.3
561.3
426.5
485.1
56.5
244
240
8.7
0.987
0.0533
41.3
Pickup
4500
2014
130
0.008
23.5
16.1
21.4
18.7
551.0
414.2
474.2
56.2
244
252
8.4
1.031
0.0559
42.3
Pickup
4500
2015
264
0.016
24.5
16.7
22.3
19.5
529.3
395.5
455.2
58.2
229
267
8.1
1.188
0.0594
44.1
Pickup
4500
2016
456
0.028
25.7
17.6
23.3
20.4
504.0
381.1
435.3
57.7
216
281
7.8
1.308
0.0624
46.1
Pickup
4500
2017
498
0.029
25.9
17.7
23.3
20.5
499.7
381.2
433.4
57.5
213
278
7.8
1.310
0.0618
46.2
2.1%
Pickup
4500
2018
0.032
25.7
17.5
23.2
20.4
505.7
381.7
437.1
57.8
216
286
7.6
1.340
0.0636
46.0
1.4%
Pickup
5000
1975
122
0.012
11.0
9.0
9.7
9.3
978.2
906.8
955.0
371
165
0.443
0.0331
23.4
Pickup
5000
1976
188
0.015
11.7
9.6
10.3
9.9
921.3
857.5
896.1
367
159
0.430
0.0318
24.9
Pickup
5000
1977
172
0.012
12.9
10.6
11.4
11.0
827.6
776.2
810.5
378
167
0.440
0.0334
27.5
Pickup
5000
1978
198
0.014
12.8
10.5
11.3
10.8
843.5
784.8
820.3
370
171
13.5
0.462
0.0341
27.2
Pickup
5000
1979
404
0.029
12.9
10.8
11.2
11.0
816.2
780.4
820.6
372
158
15.1
0.419
0.0315
28.5
Pickup
5000
1980
147
0.013
15.9
12.7
14.6
13.5
705.4
611.2
678.0
351
153
15.5
0.436
0.0306
35.2
Pickup
5000
1981
53
0.005
16.9
13.5
15.6
14.4
672.8
576.6
641.7
333
141
16.2
0.425
0.0282
37.2
Pickup
5000
1982
97
0.010
18.9
15.0
17.5
16.0
620.3
529.0
591.4
336
140
17.0
0.420
0.0280
41.8
Pickup
5000
1983
69
0.007
18.0
14.1
17.1
15.3
636.1
521.2
597.7
334
150
14.9
0.458
0.0301
39.7
Pickup
5000
1984
85
0.006
17.4
13.6
16.6
14.8
654.7
534.5
609.1
322
155
14.5
0.487
0.0311
37.9
Pickup
5000
1985
92
0.006
16.3
12.7
15.7
13.9
693.0
561.2
642.8
322
162
14.0
0.505
0.0324
35.5
Pickup
5000
1986
93
0.006
16.3
12.7
15.6
13.8
696.7
564.3
644.5
321
162
13.5
0.507
0.0324
35.1
Pickup
5000
1987
74
0.005
16.0
12.5
15.0
13.6
705.4
589.3
657.0
332
183
12.7
0.550
0.0366
34.2
Pickup
5000
1988
165
0.011
16.4
12.6
15.7
13.9
703.4
561.9
641.9
342
193
12.3
0.565
0.0387
35.0
Pickup
5000
1989
129
0.009
16.0
12.4
15.0
13.5
715.7
583.6
660.4
323
187
12.1
0.588
0.0373
34.0
Pickup
5000
1990
223
0.018
16.4
12.4
15.9
13.8
716.0
553.0
642.8
337
198
10.9
0.591
0.0397
34.9
Pickup
5000
1991
138
0.011
16.2
12.2
15.4
13.5
728.4
573.2
656.6
333
198
11.0
0.598
0.0396
34.1
Pickup
5000
1992
235
0.019
16.7
12.4
16.2
14.0
714.6
545.2
634.4
330
189
11.2
0.571
0.0377
35.2
Pickup
5000
1993
258
0.020
16.9
12.5
16.3
14.1
709.8
543.3
629.2
333
199
10.0
0.599
0.0399
35.4
Pickup
5000
1994
414
0.029
17.0
12.5
16.2
14.1
710.6
546.7
629.1
336
202
9.9
0.601
0.0404
35.4
Pickup
5000
1995
453
0.030
16.8
12.3
16.1
14.0
721.4
549.9
635.5
337
202
10.1
0.601
0.0405
35.1
Pickup
5000
1996
390
0.030
17.3
12.5
16.7
14.4
706.9
531.3
617.8
334
225
9.9
0.675
0.0451
36.1
Pickup
5000
1997
573
0.040
18.2
13.1
17.4
15.0
675.9
510.2
590.7
319
229
9.8
0.722
0.0459
37.7
Pickup
5000
1998
524
0.036
17.6
12.6
17.0
14.6
706.9
522.5
610.1
327
236
9.9
0.724
0.0473
36.5
Pickup
5000
1999
628
0.041
18.1
13.0
17.0
14.9
681.5
522.7
597.9
322
245
9.7
0.763
0.0491
37.2
Pickup
5000
2000
707
0.043
18.4
13.2
17.0
15.0
671.0
522.2
591.5
317
252
9.1
0.797
0.0504
37.6
Pickup
5000
2001
929
0.060
18.6
13.2
17.3
15.1
671.5
513.4
587.4
314
255
CO
CO
0.813
0.0509
38.0
Pickup
5000
2002
780
0.048
18.7
13.2
17.1
15.1
670.5
516.8
587.0
305
261
8.9
0.854
0.0521
37.9
Pickup
5000
2003
870
0.055
18.9
13.3
17.2
15.3
665.3
514.8
582.7
305
259
CO
CO
0.852
0.0518
38.2
Pickup
5000
2004
707
0.045
19.2
13.4
17.4
15.4
658.6
510.8
576.8
311
269
8.7
0.862
0.0537
38.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-115
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
4500
2006
48.2%
51.8%
7.0%
93.0%
100.0%
61.1%
61.1%
Pickup
4500
2007
52.3%
47.7%
7.3%
92.7%
100.0%
56.2%
47.4%
Pickup
4500
2008
57.6%
42.4%
9.1%
90.9%
100.0%
59.4%
50.9%
Pickup
4500
2009
77.2%
22.8%
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
84.1%
39.3%
Pickup
4500
2010
76.0%
24.0%
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
85.5%
86.8%
Pickup
4500
2011
72.3%
27.7%
4.3%
95.7%
100.0%
79.3%
80.5%
Pickup
4500
2012
71.2%
28.8%
4.7%
95.3%
100.0%
92.2%
93.5%
Pickup
4500
2013
70.3%
29.7%
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
90.9%
90.9%
Pickup
4500
2014
63.8%
36.2%
3.7%
96.3%
11.7%
88.3%
88.3%
100.0%
Pickup
4500
2015
62.0%
38.0%
2.9%
97.1%
35.0%
65.0%
97.3%
100.0%
Pickup
4500
2016
53.1%
46.9%
1.9%
98.1%
36.9%
62.7%
0.3%
98.6%
98.6%
Pickup
4500
2017
61.1%
36.8%
3.0%
97.0%
31.0%
68.7%
0.2%
98.9%
99.3%
Pickup
4500
2018
55.4%
43.2%
1.2%
98.8%
31.7%
66.9%
1.4%
99.1%
97.9%
Pickup
5000
1975
26.4%
73.6%
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
Pickup
5000
1976
26.9%
73.1%
28.8%
71.2%
100.0%
Pickup
5000
1977
23.5%
76.5%
24.6%
75.4%
100.0%
Pickup
5000
1978
36.6%
63.4%
32.8%
67.2%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
5000
1979
8.3%
91.7%
18.5%
81.5%
87.0%
13.0%
Pickup
5000
1980
53.2%
46.8%
21.5%
13.2%
65.3%
71.2%
28.8%
Pickup
5000
1981
55.4%
44.6%
31.1%
11.7%
57.2%
67.1%
32.9%
Pickup
5000
1982
43.4%
56.6%
26.2%
8.7%
65.1%
44.0%
56.0%
Pickup
5000
1983
65.2%
34.8%
23.9%
8.3%
66.1%
1.7%
73.6%
26.4%
Pickup
5000
1984
74.8%
25.2%
26.8%
4.8%
68.4%
85.3%
14.7%
Pickup
5000
1985
85.9%
14.1%
28.0%
10.8%
61.2%
93.2%
6.8%
Pickup
5000
1986
89.6%
10.4%
22.2%
13.8%
64.0%
92.0%
4.2%
3.8%
Pickup
5000
1987
95.4%
4.6%
31.5%
21.5%
47.0%
18.9%
20.5%
58.7%
2.0%
Pickup
5000
1988
74.8%
25.2%
17.8%
20.8%
61.4%
1.3%
25.5%
71.2%
2.1%
Pickup
5000
1989
78.9%
21.1%
27.4%
15.7%
56.9%
43.5%
55.1%
1.4%
Pickup
5000
1990
65.5%
34.5%
13.4%
3.9%
82.7%
23.9%
75.3%
0.8%
Pickup
5000
1991
86.9%
13.1%
17.5%
4.3%
78.2%
31.2%
67.9%
0.9%
Pickup
5000
1992
78.2%
21.8%
14.7%
0.2%
85.1%
43.8%
55.8%
0.4%
Pickup
5000
1993
86.6%
13.4%
13.7%
86.3%
38.8%
61.2%
Pickup
5000
1994
87.0%
13.0%
10.0%
90.0%
45.0%
55.0%
Pickup
5000
1995
83.9%
16.1%
11.0%
89.0%
52.3%
47.7%
Pickup
5000
1996
70.7%
29.3%
7.8%
92.1%
0.0%
99.8%
0.2%
Pickup
5000
1997
60.1%
39.9%
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
5000
1998
75.5%
24.5%
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
5000
1999
73.5%
26.5%
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
Pickup
5000
2000
78.9%
21.1%
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
8.9%
Pickup
5000
2001
46.9%
53.1%
1.7%
98.3%
100.0%
4.1%
Pickup
5000
2002
51.3%
48.7%
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
5.5%
Pickup
5000
2003
49.6%
50.4%
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
4.7%
Pickup
5000
2004
46.5%
53.5%
1.4%
98.6%
100.0%
9.1%
0.3%
0.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-116
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
5000
2005
679
0.043
19.4
13.4
17.8
15.6
663.2
497.3
569.8
304
272
8.5
0.892
0.0545
39.1
Pickup
5000
2006
608
0.040
19.9
13.8
18.1
16.0
641.6
489.4
555.9
297
265
8.7
0.891
0.0530
40.0
Pickup
5000
2007
444
0.029
20.0
13.7
18.5
16.1
647.5
479.1
552.6
282
245
9.3
0.866
0.0489
40.3
Pickup
5000
2008
257
0.019
20.3
14.0
18.7
16.3
634.7
473.6
543.6
65.4
270
233
9.7
0.862
0.0466
40.9
Pickup
5000
2009
98
0.011
20.8
14.3
19.1
16.7
621.2
465.0
532.9
65.5
275
244
9.2
0.885
0.0488
41.7
Pickup
5000
2010
110
0.010
20.9
14.3
19.4
16.8
620.3
458.3
529.0
63.3
271
247
9.2
0.912
0.0495
42.1
Pickup
5000
2011
106
0.009
21.4
14.7
19.9
17.2
603.6
445.4
515.6
65.4
271
271
8.7
1.002
0.0541
43.3
Pickup
5000
2012
126
0.009
21.5
14.7
20.0
17.3
602.0
443.7
513.5
61.6
274
288
8.3
1.053
0.0575
43.4
Pickup
5000
2013
156
0.010
22.3
15.2
20.7
17.9
580.0
425.8
495.6
62.2
262
289
8.2
1.108
0.0577
45.1
Pickup
5000
2014
204
0.013
23.9
16.3
22.2
19.2
543.1
398.4
463.6
63.7
264
300
7.8
1.143
0.0599
48.2
Pickup
5000
2015
488
0.029
23.7
16.1
21.8
19.0
547.0
404.9
468.7
67.4
242
349
7.0
1.507
0.0697
47.7
Pickup
5000
2016
521
0.032
23.8
16.2
21.9
19.0
545.9
404.4
468.2
67.5
237
344
7.1
1.520
0.0688
47.9
Pickup
5000
2017
460
0.027
24.5
16.6
22.6
19.6
533.5
392.2
455.6
67.0
237
345
6.9
1.523
0.0690
49.2
Pickup
5000
2018
0.038
25.3
17.1
23.1
20.1
517.4
384.8
444.1
67.0
229
366
6.3
1.696
0.0733
50.5
Pickup
5500
1975
53
0.005
10.0
8.3
8.7
8.5
1067.0
1017.3
1051.4
374
171
0.452
0.0310
23.4
Pickup
5500
1976
102
0.008
11.4
9.3
10.2
9.7
954.0
862.6
918.5
383
171
0.443
0.0311
26.8
Pickup
5500
1977
91
0.006
11.8
9.7
10.4
10.0
905.2
842.7
887.3
396
183
0.458
0.0333
27.8
Pickup
5500
1978
120
0.008
12.1
10.0
10.8
10.3
890.7
822.5
862.5
377
172
14.6
0.457
0.0312
28.4
Pickup
5500
1979
83
0.006
11.3
9.5
9.8
9.6
928.3
889.6
925.3
401
192
13.7
0.473
0.0348
26.8
Pickup
5500
1980
14
0.001
13.3
10.7
12.2
11.3
829.9
721.9
786.4
353
165
15.3
0.467
0.0299
31.3
Pickup
5500
1981
2
0.000
13.3
10.5
12.4
11.3
842.6
713.4
786.6
351
143
16.5
0.407
0.0260
31.1
Pickup
5500
1982
17
0.002
22.4
17.5
21.3
19.1
579.9
478.0
534.2
350
130
18.8
0.371
0.0236
52.4
Pickup
5500
1983
10
0.001
22.1
17.3
21.2
18.9
586.7
481.3
539.4
379
130
17.2
0.343
0.0236
51.9
Pickup
5500
1984
8
0.001
21.9
17.3
20.5
18.6
586.4
497.6
546.7
379
130
17.1
0.343
0.0236
51.2
Pickup
5500
1985
5
0.000
21.1
16.5
20.2
18.0
615.4
504.5
566.2
379
130
16.8
0.343
0.0236
49.5
Pickup
5500
1986
3
0.000
21.1
16.4
20.1
17.9
618.9
506.8
568.4
379
130
16.1
0.343
0.0236
49.3
Pickup
5500
1987
1
0.000
21.1
16.3
20.1
17.9
624.7
505.4
570.2
379
130
16.3
0.343
0.0236
49.1
Pickup
5500
1988
1
0.000
16.9
13.4
15.2
14.2
689.9
594.2
657.7
363
178
13.7
0.495
0.0324
40.7
Pickup
5500
1989
1
0.000
19.2
14.8
17.9
16.1
651.2
533.0
599.9
370
153
14.8
0.417
0.0278
45.4
Pickup
5500
1990
1
0.000
18.6
14.3
17.2
15.6
672.6
548.2
620.8
370
159
13.4
0.434
0.0289
44.1
Pickup
5500
1991
3
0.000
17.5
13.2
16.7
14.7
706.4
551.5
639.2
364
176
12.8
0.489
0.0321
41.7
Pickup
5500
1992
9
0.001
16.3
12.2
15.6
13.7
736.5
574.1
659.8
353
200
11.2
0.570
0.0364
38.1
Pickup
5500
1993
9
0.001
17.0
12.6
16.3
14.2
701.1
539.0
626.4
352
199
10.7
0.569
0.0363
39.4
Pickup
5500
1994
21
0.001
16.9
12.5
15.9
14.1
701.5
553.4
632.3
364
205
10.3
0.568
0.0373
39.0
Pickup
5500
1995
29
0.002
15.9
11.6
15.2
13.2
758.2
583.4
673.8
358
215
10.3
0.605
0.0392
36.5
Pickup
5500
1996
65
0.005
15.3
11.0
15.0
12.8
805.3
595.2
698.6
345
225
10.5
0.655
0.0410
35.3
Pickup
5500
1997
275
0.019
17.0
12.1
16.6
14.1
730.2
534.9
629.4
347
240
10.0
0.693
0.0437
38.9
Pickup
5500
1998
112
0.008
16.4
11.7
16.0
13.6
762.4
553.8
652.4
330
226
10.7
0.684
0.0410
37.5
Pickup
5500
1999
130
0.009
16.3
11.5
15.9
13.5
772.6
559.9
659.4
344
242
10.2
0.705
0.0441
37.1
Pickup
5500
2000
71
0.004
16.3
11.3
15.9
13.4
782.1
557.5
661.6
347
245
9.7
0.706
0.0445
37.0
Pickup
5500
2001
258
0.017
16.3
11.5
15.5
13.4
768.8
572.4
664.0
340
251
9.4
0.740
0.0456
36.9
Pickup
5500
2002
279
0.017
17.0
11.9
16.0
13.9
740.2
552.8
639.4
322
255
9.5
0.795
0.0464
38.4
Pickup
5500
2003
270
0.017
17.2
12.1
15.9
13.9
735.0
559.3
637.8
319
264
9.1
0.827
0.0479
38.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-117
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
5000
2005
33.5%
66.5%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
15.0%
15.0%
0.1%
Pickup
5000
2006
28.9%
71.1%
3.8%
96.2%
100.0%
20.2%
20.2%
0.1%
Pickup
5000
2007
17.1%
82.9%
3.2%
96.8%
100.0%
10.3%
20.8%
0.1%
Pickup
5000
2008
16.1%
83.9%
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
8.3%
1.7%
Pickup
5000
2009
18.3%
81.7%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
10.7%
5.3%
Pickup
5000
2010
26.1%
73.9%
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
17.5%
28.6%
Pickup
5000
2011
27.2%
72.8%
100.0%
0.2%
99.8%
36.2%
62.9%
Pickup
5000
2012
30.8%
69.2%
100.0%
0.6%
99.4%
39.3%
66.0%
Pickup
5000
2013
30.6%
69.4%
100.0%
0.6%
99.4%
57.7%
78.3%
Pickup
5000
2014
24.8%
75.2%
100.0%
45.2%
54.8%
45.3%
100.0%
Pickup
5000
2015
67.0%
33.0%
0.0%
100.0%
62.2%
37.8%
85.1%
71.4%
Pickup
5000
2016
69.3%
30.7%
0.1%
99.9%
58.7%
39.1%
2.2%
88.1%
69.3%
Pickup
5000
2017
68.1%
31.9%
0.1%
99.9%
57.1%
40.4%
2.4%
88.1%
70.0%
Pickup
5000
2018
71.4%
28.6%
0.0%
100.0%
9.6%
87.8%
2.5%
91.7%
73.0%
Pickup
5500
1975
84.9%
15.1%
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1976
87.1%
12.9%
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1977
76.0%
24.0%
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1978
91.0%
9.0%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
5500
1979
3.9%
96.1%
40.8%
59.2%
99.9%
0.1%
Pickup
5500
1980
84.0%
16.0%
44.1%
15.1%
40.9%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1981
44.3%
55.7%
62.0%
38.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1982
100.0%
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1983
100.0%
10.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1984
97.0%
3.0%
13.1%
86.9%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1985
83.2%
16.8%
11.9%
88.1%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1986
84.4%
15.6%
14.5%
85.5%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1987
80.0%
20.0%
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
1988
97.8%
2.2%
62.7%
37.3%
54.9%
45.1%
Pickup
5500
1989
100.0%
36.0%
64.0%
31.7%
68.3%
Pickup
5500
1990
94.8%
5.2%
41.0%
59.0%
32.0%
68.0%
Pickup
5500
1991
97.5%
2.5%
8.7%
91.3%
52.2%
47.8%
Pickup
5500
1992
99.6%
0.4%
30.4%
0.4%
69.2%
0.7%
86.5%
12.8%
Pickup
5500
1993
99.9%
0.1%
13.3%
86.7%
16.0%
84.0%
Pickup
5500
1994
95.5%
4.5%
14.9%
85.1%
47.8%
52.2%
Pickup
5500
1995
96.8%
3.2%
9.4%
90.6%
79.9%
20.1%
Pickup
5500
1996
99.1%
0.9%
3.9%
95.3%
0.8%
96.2%
3.8%
Pickup
5500
1997
99.8%
0.2%
0.7%
99.3%
99.8%
0.2%
Pickup
5500
1998
94.7%
5.3%
3.9%
96.1%
99.7%
0.3%
Pickup
5500
1999
93.1%
6.9%
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
2000
86.5%
13.5%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
2001
97.9%
2.1%
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
2002
73.7%
26.3%
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
Pickup
5500
2003
65.7%
34.3%
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-118
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
5500
2004
538
0.034
17.9
12.5
16.5
14.5
707.8
536.3
612.8
316
287
CO
CO
0.901
0.0521
40.0
Pickup
5500
2005
549
0.035
18.3
12.6
16.8
14.7
700.5
526.2
602.9
319
292
8.6
0.913
0.0531
40.6
Pickup
5500
2006
570
0.038
18.7
13.0
17.3
15.1
685.3
514.2
588.4
313
283
CO
CO
0.902
0.0515
41.6
Pickup
5500
2007
688
0.045
19.5
13.5
18.0
15.7
658.6
492.2
564.9
317
297
8.6
0.934
0.0541
43.3
Pickup
5500
2008
707
0.051
20.1
13.7
18.6
16.2
639.7
472.1
549.6
66.2
319
311
8.5
0.974
0.0566
44.9
Pickup
5500
2009
461
0.050
20.4
13.9
19.2
16.5
639.8
461.8
539.0
66.1
317
309
8.1
0.974
0.0561
45.4
Pickup
5500
2010
532
0.048
20.8
14.1
19.7
16.8
627.7
450.0
528.0
66.1
315
313
8.0
0.994
0.0569
46.4
Pickup
5500
2011
697
0.058
21.1
14.4
20.1
17.1
617.0
440.6
518.4
66.6
311
328
7.8
1.064
0.0596
47.3
Pickup
5500
2012
623
0.046
21.0
14.3
20.0
17.0
620.5
443.0
521.6
67.1
316
338
7.6
1.081
0.0615
47.1
Pickup
5500
2013
693
0.046
21.5
14.6
20.4
17.4
608.2
434.0
511.0
67.1
311
342
7.5
1.117
0.0622
48.0
Pickup
5500
2014
858
0.055
23.0
15.6
21.6
18.6
567.7
409.7
479.1
67.6
310
342
7.4
1.116
0.0622
51.2
Pickup
5500
2015
724
0.043
23.2
15.7
21.8
18.7
565.3
406.6
476.0
67.3
323
344
7.4
1.066
0.0625
51.5
Pickup
5500
2016
526
0.032
22.8
15.4
21.4
18.3
574.7
414.6
484.9
67.4
319
346
7.2
1.101
0.0630
50.6
Pickup
5500
2017
550
0.032
22.8
15.4
21.4
18.3
577.0
413.8
485.3
67.3
324
359
7.1
1.116
0.0652
50.5
Pickup
5500
2018
0.027
23.5
15.9
22.1
18.9
559.7
402.9
471.5
67.2
306
353
7.2
1.172
0.0642
52.1
Pickup
6000
1975
Pickup
6000
1976
Pickup
6000
1977
Pickup
6000
1978
0
0.000
12.6
10.4
11.1
10.7
850.1
791.9
829.4
325
154
16.8
0.474
0.0256
32.3
Pickup
6000
1979
7
0.001
10.9
9.0
9.7
9.3
990.9
906.3
957.6
390
153
17.4
0.386
0.0255
27.9
Pickup
6000
1980
0
0.000
9.9
8.1
CO
CO
8.4
1097.2
1008.3
1057.2
350
155
16.9
0.443
0.0258
25.2
Pickup
6000
1981
Pickup
6000
1982
Pickup
6000
1983
Pickup
6000
1984
Pickup
6000
1985
0
0.000
19.6
16.0
17.5
16.6
638.0
583.2
613.3
379
130
17.3
0.343
0.0217
49.8
Pickup
6000
1986
Pickup
6000
1987
Pickup
6000
1988
0
0.000
19.6
16.1
16.7
16.4
631.3
610.5
621.3
379
140
16.2
0.369
0.0233
49.2
Pickup
6000
1989
0
0.000
21.2
17.3
18.0
17.6
589.7
565.7
578.0
379
126
16.8
0.332
0.0210
52.8
Pickup
6000
1990
0
0.000
20.5
16.4
17.8
17.0
621.2
572.6
597.5
379
135
15.0
0.356
0.0225
51.1
Pickup
6000
1991
0
0.000
19.5
15.6
16.7
16.1
652.8
608.8
631.0
379
140
14.8
0.369
0.0233
48.4
Pickup
6000
1992
Pickup
6000
1993
Pickup
6000
1994
3
0.000
18.1
13.6
16.7
15.0
652.4
532.5
591.8
395
180
11.7
0.455
0.0299
45.1
Pickup
6000
1995
3
0.000
18.1
13.4
16.9
15.0
662.1
526.1
592.5
395
180
12.0
0.455
0.0300
45.0
Pickup
6000
1996
0
0.000
18.7
13.7
17.4
15.4
743.5
584.3
661.1
395
180
12.9
0.456
0.0300
46.2
Pickup
6000
1997
1
0.000
18.7
13.7
17.3
15.4
742.3
589.7
662.4
395
180
12.8
0.456
0.0300
46.1
Pickup
6000
1998
46
0.003
15.6
10.9
15.6
13.0
814.9
572.5
686.9
359
234
11.0
0.651
0.0389
38.9
Pickup
6000
1999
200
0.013
16.8
12.0
16.1
13.9
741.4
553.5
640.9
350
254
10.4
0.727
0.0424
41.6
Pickup
6000
2000
2
0.000
15.8
10.8
16.0
13.1
820.5
556.7
678.2
352
242
10.2
0.688
0.0404
39.3
Pickup
6000
2001
6
0.000
15.8
10.9
15.8
13.1
815.6
562.9
678.1
343
239
10.1
0.698
0.0398
39.3
Pickup
6000
2002
146
0.009
17.5
12.3
16.3
14.3
718.9
542.5
623.2
329
283
9.3
0.861
0.0472
42.9
Pickup
6000
2003
112
0.007
17.6
12.3
16.5
14.3
720.4
536.3
620.9
329
295
9.0
0.895
0.0491
43.2
Pickup
6000
2004
376
0.024
18.1
12.6
16.6
14.6
703.8
534.6
609.0
324
290
9.2
0.894
0.0484
43.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-119
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
5500
2004
43.4%
56.6%
0.8%
99.2%
100.0%
27.5%
21.5%
0.0%
Pickup
5500
2005
60.5%
39.5%
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
33.0%
33.0%
0.1%
Pickup
5500
2006
56.6%
43.4%
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
33.4%
33.4%
0.3%
Pickup
5500
2007
48.5%
51.5%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
23.7%
23.7%
0.0%
Pickup
5500
2008
46.9%
53.1%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
18.5%
18.6%
Pickup
5500
2009
46.1%
53.9%
100.0%
100.0%
15.5%
17.4%
Pickup
5500
2010
44.3%
55.7%
100.0%
100.0%
32.6%
77.5%
Pickup
5500
2011
55.4%
44.6%
100.0%
3.9%
96.1%
21.6%
94.6%
Pickup
5500
2012
57.1%
42.9%
100.0%
4.2%
95.8%
22.3%
96.8%
Pickup
5500
2013
52.4%
47.6%
100.0%
5.9%
94.1%
29.6%
98.6%
Pickup
5500
2014
55.8%
44.2%
100.0%
63.4%
36.6%
23.5%
99.9%
Pickup
5500
2015
72.6%
27.4%
100.0%
70.6%
29.2%
0.2%
5.8%
99.8%
Pickup
5500
2016
69.2%
30.8%
100.0%
48.9%
50.9%
0.2%
14.9%
99.2%
0.1%
Pickup
5500
2017
66.3%
33.7%
100.0%
46.4%
53.6%
0.0%
11.4%
99.6%
0.3%
Pickup
5500
2018
58.6%
41.4%
100.0%
57.3%
40.6%
2.2%
21.8%
97.2%
0.4%
Pickup
6000
1975
Pickup
6000
1976
Pickup
6000
1977
Pickup
6000
1978
3.7%
96.3%
77.6%
22.4%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1979
62.2%
37.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1980
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1981
Pickup
6000
1982
Pickup
6000
1983
Pickup
6000
1984
Pickup
6000
1985
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1986
Pickup
6000
1987
Pickup
6000
1988
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1989
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1990
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1991
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1992
Pickup
6000
1993
Pickup
6000
1994
100.0%
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1995
100.0%
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
1998
100.0%
0.5%
99.5%
98.4%
1.6%
Pickup
6000
1999
100.0%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
6000
2000
100.0%
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
2001
100.0%
17.0%
83.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
2002
71.4%
28.6%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
2.3%
Pickup
6000
2003
69.3%
30.7%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6000
2004
87.8%
12.2%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
63.9%
63.9%
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-120
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
6000
2005
311
0.020
18.0
12.5
16.4
14.5
709.3
539.3
613.6
325
294
9.1
0.901
0.0490
43.5
Pickup
6000
2006
260
0.017
17.6
12.3
16.1
14.2
722.8
550.4
625.4
329
298
9.0
0.906
0.0497
42.7
Pickup
6000
2007
430
0.028
18.5
12.8
17.2
15.0
693.5
515.1
594.1
333
325
8.5
0.974
0.0541
45.0
Pickup
6000
2008
355
0.026
18.7
12.8
17.4
15.1
692.4
509.4
589.6
67.5
334
334
8.5
0.999
0.0557
45.3
Pickup
6000
2009
174
0.019
19.2
13.2
17.8
15.5
669.2
498.2
573.4
66.5
328
320
8.2
0.973
0.0533
46.6
Pickup
6000
2010
364
0.033
19.5
13.4
18.0
15.7
661.5
492.8
566.3
67.8
326
324
8.2
0.991
0.0539
47.1
Pickup
6000
2011
317
0.026
20.3
14.0
18.8
16.4
632.6
469.5
542.2
68.1
290
358
7.7
1.278
0.0597
49.4
Pickup
6000
2012
323
0.024
20.4
14.0
19.0
16.5
630.7
465.8
539.0
68.4
283
359
7.6
1.321
0.0599
49.7
Pickup
6000
2013
476
0.031
20.9
14.3
19.5
16.9
618.4
453.2
525.7
68.5
272
372
7.4
1.416
0.0621
50.9
Pickup
6000
2014
632
0.041
20.9
14.3
19.5
16.9
619.1
452.7
527.1
68.5
299
368
7.4
1.274
0.0614
50.9
Pickup
6000
2015
187
0.011
21.2
14.5
19.7
17.1
616.0
452.8
529.6
68.6
318
351
7.8
1.115
0.0586
52.4
Pickup
6000
2016
328
0.020
21.6
14.8
20.0
17.4
602.9
442.5
516.4
66.9
320
349
7.7
1.095
0.0581
52.8
Pickup
6000
2017
482
0.028
21.6
14.8
20.0
17.4
600.1
440.2
513.0
68.5
328
368
7.4
1.135
0.0613
52.6
Pickup
6000
2018
0.031
21.9
15.0
20.1
17.6
592.6
440.9
509.6
68.0
322
371
7.3
1.175
0.0619
53.2
Pickup
6500
1975
Pickup
6500
1976
Pickup
6500
1977
Pickup
6500
1978
0
0.000
11.8
9.7
10.4
10.0
911.2
853.2
887.3
322
153
18.3
0.475
0.0235
32.6
Pickup
6500
1979
Pickup
6500
1980
1
0.000
12.0
9.5
11.3
10.3
933.4
785.0
866.8
368
150
18.0
0.408
0.0231
33.3
Pickup
6500
1981
Pickup
6500
1982
Pickup
6500
1983
Pickup
6500
1984
Pickup
6500
1985
Pickup
6500
1986
Pickup
6500
1987
Pickup
6500
1988
Pickup
6500
1989
Pickup
6500
1990
Pickup
6500
1991
Pickup
6500
1992
Pickup
6500
1993
Pickup
6500
1994
Pickup
6500
1995
Pickup
6500
1996
Pickup
6500
1997
Pickup
6500
1998
Pickup
6500
1999
Pickup
6500
2000
Pickup
6500
2001
Pickup
6500
2002
Pickup
6500
2003
Pickup
6500
2004
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-121
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
6000
2005
88.6%
11.4%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
68.0%
68.0%
Pickup
6000
2006
93.0%
7.0%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
83.0%
83.0%
Pickup
6000
2007
83.6%
16.4%
100.0%
100.0%
64.5%
64.5%
Pickup
6000
2008
86.2%
13.8%
100.0%
100.0%
77.0%
78.0%
Pickup
6000
2009
94.5%
5.5%
98.8%
1.2%
100.0%
67.5%
76.8%
1.2%
Pickup
6000
2010
95.6%
4.4%
99.6%
0.4%
100.0%
94.1%
42.6%
0.4%
Pickup
6000
2011
95.7%
4.3%
99.6%
0.4%
26.9%
73.1%
92.8%
100.0%
0.4%
Pickup
6000
2012
95.6%
4.4%
99.8%
0.2%
35.0%
65.0%
95.8%
100.0%
0.2%
Pickup
6000
2013
97.0%
3.0%
99.9%
0.1%
42.0%
58.0%
96.4%
100.0%
0.1%
Pickup
6000
2014
96.3%
3.7%
100.0%
34.3%
65.7%
70.9%
97.9%
Pickup
6000
2015
90.6%
9.4%
100.0%
31.8%
52.1%
16.2%
63.1%
83.8%
Pickup
6000
2016
94.9%
5.1%
100.0%
56.7%
34.7%
CO
CT1
39.2%
91.4%
0.0%
Pickup
6000
2017
93.1%
6.9%
100.0%
71.5%
25.7%
2.8%
38.1%
97.2%
0.2%
Pickup
6000
2018
93.0%
7.0%
100.0%
75.1%
19.0%
5.9%
40.8%
94.1%
0.3%
Pickup
6500
1975
Pickup
6500
1976
Pickup
6500
1977
Pickup
6500
1978
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
1979
Pickup
6500
1980
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
1981
Pickup
6500
1982
Pickup
6500
1983
Pickup
6500
1984
Pickup
6500
1985
Pickup
6500
1986
Pickup
6500
1987
Pickup
6500
1988
Pickup
6500
1989
Pickup
6500
1990
Pickup
6500
1991
Pickup
6500
1992
Pickup
6500
1993
Pickup
6500
1994
Pickup
6500
1995
Pickup
6500
1996
Pickup
6500
1997
Pickup
6500
1998
Pickup
6500
1999
Pickup
6500
2000
Pickup
6500
2001
Pickup
6500
2002
Pickup
6500
2003
Pickup
6500
2004
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-122
March 2019
-------
BRA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
SJSit PM.as.rn Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Aa*nev 11 * * ^ 1 ~
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60 Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
D
2-CycIe
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
Pickup
6500
2005
3
0.000
16.3
11.4
14.9
13.2
777.1
598.1
675.1
330
300
9.3
0.909
0.0462
42.8
Pickup
6500
2006
0
0.000
15.2
10.6
14.2
12.4
842.2
625.9
718.9
330
445
7.2
1.348
0.0685
40.2
Pickup
6500
2007
0
0.000
15.1
10.6
13.9
12.2
842.2
638.8
726.3
330
445
7.2
1.348
0.0685
39.8
Pickup
6500
2008
0
0.000
16.0
11.0
15.0
13.0
806.1
593.2
684.7
67.1
330
445
7.3
1.348
0.0685
42.2
Pickup
6500
2009
Pickup
6500
2010
Pickup
6500
2011
18
0.001
16.2
11.4
14.9
13.2
777.8
595.5
674.5
71.2
378
415
7.3
1.098
0.0638
42.9
Pickup
6500
2012
15
0.001
16.7
11.6
15.9
13.7
767.0
560.1
649.1
72.4
378
411
7.3
1.086
0.0632
44.5
Pickup
6500
2013
20
0.001
16.7
11.6
15.9
13.7
767.4
560.7
649.6
68.3
378
411
7.3
1.086
0.0632
44.5
Pickup
6500
2014
20
0.001
16.7
11.6
15.8
13.6
768.6
562.2
651.3
74.1
378
414
7.3
1.094
0.0637
44.4
Pickup
6500
2015
Pickup
6500
2016
Pickup
6500
2017
Pickup
6500
2018
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-123
March 2019
-------
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table E: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Vehicle Type
Weight
Class
Model Year
rivet rain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
6500
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
93.2%
Pickup
6500
2009
Pickup
6500
2010
Pickup
6500
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.6%
100.0%
Pickup
6500
2015
Pickup
6500
2016
Pickup
6500
2017
Pickup
6500
2018
s coj%
Untied State*
fcrtv«r©nm«nt*l Protection
Aatfncy
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
E-124
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1975
539
0.065
23.4
18.1
22.9
20.0
453.7
354.2
444.9
2790
147
88
0.704
0.0303
27.6
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1976
561
0.058
24.0
18.9
22.9
20.5
427.7
350.9
434.1
2844
163
95
0.680
0.0319
28.8
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1977
774
0.068
26.2
20.3
25.5
22.3
392.0
316.1
398.7
2707
93.8
142
88
0.692
0.0315
30.6
2264
2876
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1978
1075
0.096
26.8
20.9
25.7
22.8
386.8
321.3
390.5
2590
94.4
129
82
14.5
0.693
0.0310
30.1
2308
2838
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1979
1283
0.119
26.4
20.7
25.1
22.5
407.9
338.1
398.1
2634
94.6
137
84
15.9
0.674
0.0312
29.8
2211
2835
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1980
2804
0.297
26.9
20.8
26.3
23.0
412.1
330.9
389.7
2645
100.4
138
86
16.0
0.652
0.0320
30.7
2363
3087
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1981
3236
0.370
28.6
22.2
27.7
24.4
388.4
313.1
367.0
2646
103.0
133
85
15.8
0.672
0.0321
32.6
2566
3349
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1982
3568
0.456
30.2
23.2
29.7
25.7
372.6
294.7
346.5
2665
101.7
127
83
17.3
0.677
0.0310
34.5
2658
3512
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1983
3784
0.473
30.3
23.5
29.5
25.9
365.3
293.8
344.2
2682
104.2
129
86
15.6
0.681
0.0317
35.0
2751
3641
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1984
5737
0.537
29.7
23.0
29.0
25.3
374.6
299.7
351.4
2752
105.4
133
90
15.2
0.694
0.0325
35.2
2725
3709
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1985
6648
0.616
29.4
22.6
28.9
25.1
378.7
299.6
355.0
2825
106.5
142
98
14.4
0.712
0.0344
35.7
2722
3800
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1986
7831
0.711
29.9
22.8
29.4
25.4
376.5
296.6
349.7
2844
107.0
140
100
13.7
0.730
0.0347
36.4
2758
3894
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1987
8267
0.770
29.7
22.6
29.1
25.2
382.3
300.2
352.9
2869
106.2
140
103
13.8
0.752
0.0354
36.3
2703
3855
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1988
8768
0.817
30.0
22.5
29.3
25.3
382.1
298.4
351.4
2911
106.2
142
107
13.6
0.775
0.0364
36.9
2719
3928
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1989
8267
0.825
29.3
21.8
28.8
24.6
396.6
304.3
360.9
2980
107.0
147
115
12.7
0.803
0.0381
36.8
2666
3942
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1990
7455
0.846
28.6
21.1
28.3
24.0
409.5
310.4
369.5
3082
106.7
151
123
11.5
0.844
0.0397
37.1
2591
3967
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1991
7096
0.832
28.9
21.2
28.4
24.2
406.3
308.1
367.8
3046
106.3
149
124
11.5
0.859
0.0402
36.9
2604
3932
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1992
6551
0.808
28.4
20.5
28.2
23.7
417.4
309.3
374.4
3120
107.2
157
131
11.0
0.868
0.0416
37.2
2580
3987
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1993
7195
0.851
29.0
20.8
28.5
24.1
413.5
306.5
369.2
3109
107.6
155
130
10.3
0.871
0.0414
37.5
2626
4045
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1994
7104
0.844
28.9
20.7
28.5
24.0
417.3
307.2
370.7
3143
107.6
153
133
10.2
0.895
0.0417
37.8
2613
4068
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1995
7701
0.820
29.2
20.6
28.9
24.2
418.4
302.9
367.7
3155
108.6
154
144
10.0
0.956
0.0450
38.2
2656
4152
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1996
6829
0.865
29.0
20.3
28.5
23.9
426.3
307.7
372.3
3200
108.7
153
147
10.3
0.974
0.0454
38.3
2620
4160
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1997
7213
0.865
29.1
20.3
28.6
23.9
427.4
307.6
371.6
3197
108.3
153
149
10.2
0.985
0.0459
38.3
2612
4151
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1998
6937
0.870
29.2
20.2
28.5
23.9
431.0
308.0
372.3
3243
108.9
155
152
10.4
0.998
0.0462
38.8
2621
4226
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1999
7303
0.872
28.7
19.8
28.0
23.5
441.1
314.3
378.9
3307
109.2
157
156
10.3
1.010
0.0467
38.8
2580
4249
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2000
7750
0.849
28.8
19.7
27.9
23.4
443.5
316.4
380.0
3313
110.3
156
158
9.8
1.030
0.0473
38.8
2596
4284
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2001
7069
0.841
29.2
19.9
28.0
23.6
436.7
313.2
375.9
3312
110.2
155
158
9.6
1.034
0.0474
39.3
2631
4333
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2002
7050
0.849
29.5
20.0
27.9
23.7
436.4
314.8
375.1
3320
111.4
157
163
9.6
1.056
0.0486
39.5
2662
4400
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2003
6494
0.820
30.1
20.2
28.4
24.1
430.6
309.3
368.7
3320
111.0
154
163
9.4
1.077
0.0488
40.2
2703
4467
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2004
6093
0.808
30.2
20.1
28.5
24.1
431.2
308.3
368.8
3357
111.6
157
169
9.2
1.096
0.0499
40.7
2721
4541
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2005
6402
0.798
31.1
20.6
28.9
24.7
417.1
303.0
360.5
3337
111.9
153
165
9.2
1.097
0.0490
41.5
2804
4652
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2006
6056
0.758
30.9
20.5
28.9
24.6
420.2
303.3
362.2
3398
111.9
156
174
9.1
1.131
0.0505
42.1
2792
4715
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2007
6506
0.805
32.0
21.3
29.6
25.3
401.6
295.1
350.8
3397
111.2
151
171
9.2
1.141
0.0498
43.5
2876
4846
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2008
5689
0.777
32.4
21.5
30.0
25.6
396.3
291.4
346.6
3404
44.6
110.9
151
173
9.2
1.157
0.0501
44.1
2907
4903
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2009
4655
0.826
33.8
22.4
30.9
26.5
384.9
284.0
335.1
3364
44.5
111.0
143
167
9.2
1.174
0.0489
45.0
2993
5002
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2010
4946
0.816
35.4
23.5
32.0
27.7
0.0
0.0
321.1
3351
44.5
111.2
140
165
9.2
1.181
0.0489
47.6
3174
5305
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2011
4496
0.783
35.0
23.0
31.8
27.3
0.0
0.0
325.9
3431
45.3
112.5
144
174
8.9
1.223
0.0502
47.7
3140
5365
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2012
6220
0.841
37.1
24.4
33.2
28.8
0.0
0.0
309.3
3348
45.0
111.4
136
169
8.9
1.247
0.0500
49.2
3288
5491
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2013
6715
0.816
38.5
25.4
34.3
29.8
0.0
0.0
298.7
3357
45.2
111.3
133
172
CO
CO
1.301
0.0508
51.8
3441
5781
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2014
6055
0.793
38.9
25.5
34.3
29.9
0.0
0.0
297.4
3363
45.4
112.2
132
171
CO
CO
1.302
0.0503
51.5
3447
5784
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2015
6182
0.783
40.1
26.1
35.3
30.7
0.0
0.0
289.4
3350
45.5
112.7
131
169
CO
CO
1.293
0.0498
53.0
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2016
5589
0.784
40.4
26.2
35.6
30.9
0.0
0.0
287.4
3328
45.6
113.1
128
170
8.7
1.342
0.0505
52.9
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2017
5415
0.776
41.8
27.5
37.0
32.2
0.0
0.0
275.2
3331
45.7
113.3
126
167
8.7
1.342
0.0498
56.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-l
March 2019
-------
oERA
Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1975
64.3%
33.2%
2.4%
82.4%
17.6%
87.4%
8.3%
4.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1976
59.7%
40.3%
81.1%
18.9%
86.9%
8.8%
4.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1977
68.2%
31.8%
65.9%
31.3%
2.8%
89.5%
6.1%
4.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1978
66.2%
29.6%
4.2%
65.3%
31.0%
3.6%
93.6%
4.2%
2.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1979
57.2%
32.6%
6.4%
3.9%
74.7%
19.6%
5.6%
87.0%
13.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1980
45.5%
50.2%
2.1%
2.2%
82.2%
9.5%
1.6%
6.8%
67.8%
32.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1981
45.2%
53.3%
1.6%
87.3%
5.4%
1.8%
5.4%
68.1%
31.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1982
40.0%
26.8%
32.2%
1.0%
78.4%
5.0%
13.9%
2.7%
71.0%
29.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1983
36.4%
23.8%
38.9%
1.0%
67.8%
5.8%
25.1%
1.3%
68.3%
31.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1984
30.3%
27.3%
42.4%
0.1%
61.9%
8.6%
27.9%
1.6%
69.0%
31.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1985
26.3%
25.1%
48.6%
44.8%
21.0%
33.5%
0.7%
63.3%
29.4%
7.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1986
27.1%
20.5%
52.4%
32.4%
33.1%
34.2%
0.3%
5.7%
62.5%
28.5%
9.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1987
26.1%
17.4%
56.5%
25.2%
38.0%
36.7%
0.0%
17.9%
66.3%
24.7%
9.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1988
25.5%
10.0%
64.6%
16.3%
48.5%
35.1%
23.1%
67.5%
23.8%
8.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1989
21.7%
9.5%
68.6%
0.2%
10.6%
58.0%
31.4%
0.0%
26.9%
61.0%
29.3%
9.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1990
19.7%
7.1%
73.1%
0.0%
1.2%
75.2%
23.6%
0.0%
34.4%
61.1%
28.8%
10.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1991
21.0%
5.3%
73.7%
0.0%
77.5%
22.3%
0.1%
35.4%
1.9%
64.1%
27.3%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1992
18.5%
6.0%
75.4%
0.0%
0.0%
90.3%
9.7%
0.0%
34.5%
3.4%
61.6%
27.3%
11.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1993
18.7%
5.0%
76.3%
91.9%
8.1%
37.9%
3.8%
60.4%
29.7%
9.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1994
17.4%
3.8%
78.8%
93.9%
6.1%
43.8%
7.7%
61.3%
26.3%
12.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1995
16.8%
0.9%
82.4%
98.6%
1.4%
53.7%
9.9%
60.4%
27.5%
12.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1996
14.6%
1.0%
84.4%
0.0%
98.7%
1.3%
0.1%
61.1%
11.6%
56.2%
33.3%
10.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1997
13.1%
0.7%
86.1%
0.1%
99.0%
0.9%
0.0%
60.8%
9.7%
56.9%
31.1%
12.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1998
11.5%
0.4%
88.0%
0.1%
99.7%
0.2%
0.2%
62.7%
17.3%
48.8%
41.4%
9.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
1999
10.0%
0.6%
89.4%
0.0%
99.8%
0.1%
0.1%
66.3%
15.9%
47.4%
42.1%
10.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2000
9.7%
0.9%
89.3%
0.0%
99.7%
0.3%
66.5%
22.5%
0.1%
46.5%
36.1%
17.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2001
9.9%
1.0%
88.8%
0.3%
99.7%
0.3%
67.3%
26.6%
0.3%
50.1%
34.0%
15.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2002
9.5%
0.2%
89.8%
0.5%
99.5%
0.5%
69.7%
33.7%
0.4%
45.7%
38.9%
15.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2003
10.1%
88.8%
1.1%
99.5%
0.5%
73.8%
41.9%
0.7%
48.7%
36.3%
15.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2004
8.5%
0.3%
89.6%
1.7%
99.6%
0.4%
78.2%
43.9%
1.2%
45.3%
39.0%
15.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2005
8.2%
0.1%
88.9%
2.7%
99.5%
0.5%
78.7%
54.1%
2.6%
43.7%
41.9%
14.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2006
8.3%
0.0%
88.9%
2.8%
99.3%
0.7%
81.3%
62.3%
2.0%
46.4%
36.3%
17.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2007
7.1%
80.4%
12.5%
0.3%
99.7%
85.5%
67.7%
4.2%
43.4%
43.2%
13.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2008
6.9%
78.3%
14.7%
2.0%
98.0%
88.4%
66.9%
4.3%
44.0%
37.9%
18.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2009
6.2%
80.7%
13.1%
1.8%
97.4%
0.8%
93.2%
82.8%
3.6%
45.9%
38.0%
16.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2010
4.4%
2.0%
76.1%
17.4%
3.1%
95.7%
1.2%
95.4%
94.4%
7.6%
47.6%
40.6%
11.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2011
4.2%
0.3%
80.8%
14.7%
12.2%
86.4%
1.2%
94.5%
95.3%
5.1%
32.9%
48.5%
18.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2012
4.9%
2.1%
76.3%
16.7%
21.6%
76.8%
1.4%
99.1%
97.8%
6.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2013
4.6%
2.3%
71.1%
22.0%
32.1%
65.8%
1.6%
98.9%
97.4%
8.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2014
3.8%
3.0%
59.3%
33.9%
37.3%
60.8%
1.6%
98.8%
97.2%
7.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2015
3.6%
2.3%
56.4%
37.7%
38.3%
59.7%
1.2%
98.5%
97.2%
6.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2016
2.8%
5.0%
56.4%
35.8%
47.2%
52.2%
99.4%
99.4%
4.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2017
3.1%
5.0%
50.3%
41.6%
46.9%
52.0%
0.0%
99.0%
98.8%
7.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-2
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2018
.
0.729
42.8
28.1
36.8
32.5
0.0
0.0
271.4
3353
45.9
114.0
123
170
8.6
1.401
0.0503
57.2
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
7698
0.935
15.4
12.0
14.8
13.2
693.0
562.6
675.6
4146
298
140
0.502
0.0333
27.5
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
9161
0.942
17.2
13.5
16.3
14.6
626.3
515.7
607.9
4133
294
136
0.491
0.0325
30.3
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
10526
0.932
17.9
14.1
17.0
15.3
597.5
497.7
582.8
4034
111.6
289
137
0.504
0.0336
31.0
1744
3464
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
10100
0.904
19.4
15.1
18.6
16.5
559.8
459.0
539.1
3694
110.6
264
129
13.6
0.522
0.0345
30.6
1865
3399
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
9474
0.878
19.6
15.4
18.6
16.7
555.4
462.7
533.1
3604
110.8
253
124
14.3
0.527
0.0342
30.2
1882
3366
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
6554
0.694
22.3
17.4
21.4
19.0
494.2
405.7
469.8
3296
105.9
209
107
15.3
0.554
0.0323
31.5
2043
3359
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
5436
0.622
23.5
18.3
22.6
20.0
471.7
385.1
448.2
3333
108.6
211
107
15.4
0.548
0.0320
33.5
2203
3670
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
4188
0.536
23.3
18.0
22.8
19.9
479.3
382.0
449.9
3384
109.9
216
112
16.1
0.553
0.0330
33.9
2217
3762
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
3973
0.496
22.5
17.2
22.4
19.2
503.8
390.7
464.0
3547
113.6
236
123
14.0
0.549
0.0346
34.3
2200
3916
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
4831
0.453
23.1
17.6
23.1
19.7
488.2
376.4
450.9
3514
110.1
234
125
13.7
0.569
0.0356
34.9
2190
3857
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
3918
0.363
23.5
17.9
23.6
20.1
487.4
372.2
443.8
3576
110.6
240
135
12.9
0.600
0.0378
36.0
2226
4010
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
3068
0.279
23.8
18.0
24.0
20.3
486.2
366.6
437.9
3547
107.7
239
139
12.0
0.625
0.0393
36.0
2191
3919
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
2347
0.219
23.5
17.6
23.9
20.0
498.2
367.7
444.7
3608
107.7
242
147
11.8
0.660
0.0409
36.2
2163
3936
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
1879
0.175
23.5
17.4
23.9
19.9
504.4
368.0
445.5
3689
110.8
248
157
11.6
0.675
0.0428
36.9
2221
4141
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
1654
0.165
23.6
17.4
24.0
20.0
506.7
367.7
444.8
3708
111.7
244
153
11.4
0.675
0.0415
37.1
2241
4199
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
1268
0.144
23.6
17.3
23.7
19.9
506.8
371.4
446.5
3724
108.5
235
159
10.5
0.732
0.0429
37.1
2160
4080
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
1310
0.154
24.0
17.4
24.3
20.2
504.2
362.9
440.1
3726
109.3
240
177
9.9
0.783
0.0475
37.7
2208
4177
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
1467
0.181
24.6
17.8
24.6
20.6
495.7
358.3
431.8
3760
113.6
228
179
9.8
0.834
0.0475
38.7
2346
4452
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
1162
0.137
24.3
17.3
24.5
20.3
507.6
361.1
438.1
3814
113.1
243
189
8.9
0.817
0.0497
38.7
2298
4430
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
1274
0.151
24.0
17.0
24.3
20.0
519.2
363.7
443.4
3841
111.3
252
198
8.5
0.819
0.0516
38.5
2233
4330
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
1585
0.169
24.6
17.3
24.8
20.5
507.8
356.0
434.0
3784
109.0
231
194
9.0
0.884
0.0510
38.8
2239
4259
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
943
0.119
24.3
16.9
24.7
20.2
522.3
357.2
440.2
3862
110.5
257
207
CO
CO
0.828
0.0535
39.0
2226
4350
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
977
0.117
24.3
16.8
24.5
20.1
523.8
360.0
441.4
3827
109.6
245
210
8.7
0.882
0.0547
38.6
2204
4256
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
855
0.107
24.5
16.9
24.4
20.2
520.4
360.9
439.7
3771
104.0
242
218
8.6
0.924
0.0577
38.3
2107
4003
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
887
0.106
24.5
16.8
24.3
20.1
525.5
363.8
442.1
3798
105.7
242
226
8.3
0.969
0.0596
38.3
2129
4079
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
1185
0.130
25.0
17.1
24.5
20.4
509.5
359.0
435.1
3699
103.5
229
228
8.0
1.020
0.0610
37.8
2128
3954
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
1062
0.126
24.8
16.9
24.3
20.3
517.8
362.6
438.7
3716
101.4
228
226
7.8
1.031
0.0609
37.7
2065
3867
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
933
0.112
24.5
16.6
23.8
19.9
532.6
371.6
446.5
3783
98.6
234
237
7.7
1.049
0.0628
37.7
1964
3752
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
1151
0.145
24.5
16.5
23.7
19.9
535.5
372.3
447.1
3872
100.8
230
245
7.6
1.095
0.0636
38.5
2006
3944
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
1035
0.137
24.3
16.2
23.8
19.7
545.0
371.9
450.2
3863
100.6
231
246
7.5
1.101
0.0641
38.2
1991
3897
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
1163
0.145
24.4
16.2
23.5
19.7
545.7
376.5
451.9
3955
104.7
236
258
7.4
1.142
0.0654
39.0
2068
4147
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
1475
0.185
24.8
16.4
23.9
20.0
535.6
368.5
444.4
3950
107.1
235
265
7.3
1.155
0.0671
39.7
2156
4302
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
1113
0.138
24.7
16.3
24.0
19.9
539.8
366.6
445.8
3952
102.1
238
275
7.1
1.193
0.0697
39.6
2044
4085
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
1095
0.150
25.2
16.7
24.4
20.3
521.4
359.7
437.5
3957
47.7
103.1
230
273
7.3
1.217
0.0687
40.4
2105
4209
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
603
0.107
25.5
16.8
24.7
20.6
516.5
353.8
432.6
3954
47.5
102.3
234
282
7.0
1.234
0.0710
40.9
2120
4224
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
755
0.125
25.7
16.9
25.1
20.8
520.3
350.9
427.9
4004
48.9
105.4
244
292
6.9
1.221
0.0729
41.8
2202
4429
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
767
0.134
26.6
17.4
25.9
21.4
0.0
0.0
415.7
4018
48.3
104.5
237
307
6.6
1.320
0.0763
43.4
2264
4565
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
712
0.096
27.8
18.1
27.1
22.3
0.0
0.0
398.0
4017
48.8
104.6
229
318
6.4
1.434
0.0787
45.4
2382
4788
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
880
0.107
28.6
18.6
27.6
22.9
0.0
0.0
388.5
3900
48.1
102.0
213
309
6.4
1.512
0.0783
45.0
2369
4630
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
954
0.125
29.4
19.1
28.6
23.6
0.0
0.0
375.3
3975
48.5
102.5
220
313
6.4
1.509
0.0784
50.1
2612
5213
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
908
0.115
29.1
18.9
28.4
23.3
0.0
0.0
379.6
3972
48.7
102.4
218
323
6.2
1.579
0.0806
48.4
2522
5004
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
800
0.112
29.3
19.1
28.6
23.5
0.0
0.0
376.5
3941
48.6
100.8
218
330
6.0
1.601
0.0831
48.9
2522
5017
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-3
March 2019
-------
oERA
Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Sedan/Wagon
Front Wheel Drive
2018
4.2%
4.9%
49.2%
41.6%
46.8%
51.6%
0.2%
98.5%
98.4%
9.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
16.5%
83.4%
0.1%
95.5%
4.3%
0.3%
53.2%
24.4%
22.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
14.5%
85.5%
97.5%
2.2%
0.3%
53.5%
26.2%
20.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
13.0%
87.0%
97.5%
2.2%
0.3%
49.2%
25.9%
24.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
14.9%
77.7%
7.4%
97.1%
2.3%
0.6%
39.5%
37.6%
23.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
15.9%
75.0%
9.2%
95.6%
2.7%
1.6%
37.6%
37.2%
25.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
24.4%
52.2%
23.4%
91.4%
4.9%
0.3%
3.5%
48.0%
35.7%
16.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
20.3%
26.5%
53.3%
83.9%
6.6%
3.1%
6.3%
41.0%
39.4%
19.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
19.5%
12.5%
68.0%
78.0%
9.2%
6.4%
6.4%
43.6%
33.1%
23.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
14.3%
9.3%
76.4%
69.5%
13.5%
14.1%
2.9%
35.7%
33.9%
30.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
16.1%
6.2%
77.7%
54.6%
22.8%
20.8%
1.8%
42.7%
28.0%
29.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
15.1%
7.9%
77.0%
44.5%
22.9%
31.3%
1.3%
40.8%
29.2%
30.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
17.0%
8.5%
74.4%
38.8%
46.0%
14.9%
0.3%
2.5%
50.6%
27.2%
22.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
18.3%
8.7%
73.0%
30.2%
58.9%
9.8%
1.0%
4.0%
52.0%
24.0%
24.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
16.1%
7.8%
76.2%
15.8%
78.8%
5.3%
0.0%
4.5%
51.1%
16.2%
32.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
14.9%
9.1%
75.9%
5.9%
83.3%
10.7%
0.0%
10.8%
43.4%
23.1%
33.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
17.5%
9.2%
73.4%
2.6%
90.5%
6.8%
0.2%
22.1%
4.2%
41.1%
29.8%
29.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
15.7%
8.9%
75.4%
79.5%
20.1%
0.5%
22.4%
5.6%
44.0%
22.4%
33.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
10.6%
6.4%
83.1%
85.7%
14.0%
0.3%
35.5%
10.2%
31.3%
31.8%
36.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
11.4%
6.8%
81.8%
89.4%
10.6%
24.8%
11.3%
34.4%
30.5%
35.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
12.6%
5.4%
82.0%
99.9%
0.1%
26.2%
10.3%
42.1%
25.8%
32.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
12.9%
6.6%
80.5%
99.6%
0.4%
41.7%
10.2%
42.5%
33.2%
24.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
14.9%
5.6%
79.6%
99.7%
0.3%
26.1%
13.2%
42.3%
20.3%
37.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
13.9%
0.2%
85.9%
99.7%
0.3%
38.2%
24.7%
43.4%
22.9%
33.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
15.7%
0.2%
84.0%
99.6%
0.4%
42.8%
27.5%
57.1%
15.4%
27.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
16.0%
0.7%
83.3%
99.5%
0.5%
44.0%
25.8%
52.1%
15.1%
32.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
18.3%
2.4%
79.3%
99.6%
0.4%
50.9%
29.0%
56.3%
16.9%
26.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
16.8%
0.4%
82.7%
100.0%
58.3%
38.7%
58.9%
13.8%
27.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
18.3%
0.5%
81.2%
100.0%
61.3%
36.5%
67.1%
15.1%
17.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
15.5%
84.5%
100.0%
67.7%
39.0%
58.5%
16.7%
24.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
17.2%
0.2%
82.6%
100.0%
62.9%
46.9%
57.3%
18.0%
24.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
13.1%
0.2%
86.6%
99.4%
0.6%
67.6%
43.2%
47.7%
22.9%
29.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
12.5%
0.3%
87.2%
99.6%
0.4%
74.1%
53.8%
46.6%
17.8%
35.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
14.1%
0.1%
85.8%
0.4%
99.4%
0.2%
75.1%
55.3%
0.3%
51.2%
21.4%
27.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
11.8%
2.2%
86.0%
5.7%
94.0%
0.3%
79.0%
54.5%
0.1%
48.5%
20.0%
31.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
10.1%
3.2%
86.7%
12.7%
86.9%
0.4%
77.9%
65.9%
0.1%
54.2%
15.9%
29.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
13.0%
1.1%
85.8%
0.0%
18.5%
81.2%
0.2%
73.1%
61.6%
0.2%
58.8%
14.3%
26.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
10.6%
2.4%
86.9%
0.1%
27.9%
70.6%
1.4%
82.9%
81.3%
0.2%
61.0%
17.9%
21.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
10.6%
3.0%
86.5%
45.1%
54.4%
0.3%
88.2%
94.5%
0.6%
53.8%
21.7%
24.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
12.6%
4.2%
83.1%
0.1%
46.9%
52.9%
0.1%
89.4%
95.4%
0.5%
61.5%
18.9%
19.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
10.0%
5.7%
84.3%
0.0%
50.0%
46.9%
1.0%
86.1%
94.1%
1.0%
58.6%
20.3%
21.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
10.7%
5.4%
83.9%
0.0%
54.7%
44.1%
0.3%
86.5%
96.6%
0.9%
61.1%
19.1%
19.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
11.6%
5.0%
83.4%
0.0%
54.3%
44.2%
0.2%
82.1%
97.8%
0.7%
59.2%
21.1%
19.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-4
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
698
0.100
29.7
19.3
28.9
23.8
0.0
0.0
371.0
3953
48.4
98.1
211
326
6.0
1.666
0.0822
51.4
2581
5157
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.131
35.2
22.8
32.7
27.5
0.0
0.0
305.7
3983
48.9
103.1
196
314
5.8
1.771
0.0785
74.2
3958
7896
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1975
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1976
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1977
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1978
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1979
37
0.003
27.6
21.7
26.1
23.5
409.7
340.1
378.8
2500
100.5
97
67
17.5
0.691
0.0268
29.4
2360
2950
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1980
85
0.009
20.9
16.7
19.2
17.8
514.3
431.0
499.9
3149
100.8
173
80
18.1
0.541
0.0257
28.0
1880
2819
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1981
62
0.007
24.3
19.4
22.5
20.7
437.7
380.0
430.2
2930
102.7
157
83
16.8
0.576
0.0284
30.3
2224
3117
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1982
63
0.008
25.3
20.1
23.4
21.5
430.9
373.3
413.7
3122
103.1
165
85
18.3
0.564
0.0271
33.4
2266
3439
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1983
245
0.031
31.6
25.3
29.0
26.8
340.4
299.2
331.0
2689
98.9
119
75
17.2
0.675
0.0279
36.3
2722
3586
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1984
107
0.010
27.6
21.9
25.9
23.5
392.9
334.7
377.8
2913
106.6
135
80
17.0
0.643
0.0274
34.4
2605
3672
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1985
224
0.021
32.5
25.7
30.5
27.7
340.4
286.8
321.0
2584
115.8
101
72
17.2
0.703
0.0275
36.1
3259
4181
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1986
116
0.011
26.9
21.1
25.3
22.8
416.2
346.3
389.6
2929
113.2
120
92
14.5
0.789
0.0312
33.5
2618
3793
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1987
118
0.011
26.8
20.9
25.1
22.7
419.9
349.5
392.0
2928
114.7
115
92
14.8
0.811
0.0313
33.3
2632
3821
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1988
89
0.008
28.8
22.4
26.5
24.2
387.7
329.0
367.5
2827
109.2
112
98
14.0
0.890
0.0346
34.2
2678
3754
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1989
97
0.010
28.9
22.3
26.7
24.2
389.2
327.3
367.8
2845
95.3
115
107
12.8
0.948
0.0378
34.7
2305
3291
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1990
86
0.010
26.8
20.3
25.4
22.5
431.2
348.1
395.7
3234
115.7
125
120
12.0
0.959
0.0367
36.3
2615
4212
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1991
118
0.014
26.6
19.9
25.2
22.2
440.1
348.9
400.6
3289
109.5
130
145
11.1
1.104
0.0433
36.5
2456
4008
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1992
90
0.011
25.9
19.2
24.5
21.5
457.0
360.5
413.3
3492
109.1
140
191
9.3
1.400
0.0552
37.6
2380
4104
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1993
100
0.012
28.0
20.7
26.3
23.2
424.9
335.8
383.6
3217
111.2
127
130
10.7
1.008
0.0400
37.2
2587
4156
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1994
36
0.004
26.2
19.2
24.7
21.6
460.0
357.9
411.1
3443
117.3
140
140
10.4
0.991
0.0404
37.3
2557
4385
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1995
109
0.012
27.7
20.0
26.3
22.8
442.4
336.8
389.7
3310
115.4
135
143
10.7
1.056
0.0430
37.7
2640
4361
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1996
118
0.015
26.7
19.1
25.4
21.9
461.2
347.9
405.5
3397
118.6
145
153
10.3
1.045
0.0449
37.3
2624
4451
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1997
144
0.017
27.3
19.3
26.0
22.3
455.8
340.1
398.0
3397
119.3
147
160
9.9
1.086
0.0470
38.0
2684
4549
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1998
179
0.023
26.5
18.7
25.2
21.6
471.6
350.9
410.6
3526
120.8
149
169
10.0
1.136
0.0479
38.2
2627
4621
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1999
186
0.022
26.2
18.2
25.2
21.4
482.6
351.9
415.3
3558
119.8
149
172
9.9
1.152
0.0481
38.1
2577
4576
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2000
190
0.021
26.3
18.4
24.7
21.3
479.1
358.7
416.8
3603
119.0
153
181
9.2
1.191
0.0501
38.4
2555
4588
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2001
273
0.032
25.2
17.5
23.8
20.5
503.0
370.3
434.4
3831
115.2
157
200
8.7
1.292
0.0523
39.4
2375
4565
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2002
318
0.038
25.8
17.7
24.4
20.8
499.9
363.4
426.7
3828
112.8
155
201
CO
CO
1.320
0.0528
39.9
2362
4531
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2003
276
0.035
26.2
17.8
24.7
21.1
492.8
357.7
420.7
3801
113.4
154
194
9.1
1.272
0.0509
40.2
2416
4580
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2004
410
0.054
24.8
16.8
23.4
19.9
523.1
376.6
445.8
4010
117.8
174
219
8.6
1.278
0.0545
40.0
2359
4766
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2005
462
0.058
25.0
16.8
23.4
20.1
520.1
375.4
443.1
3966
121.0
178
226
8.3
1.294
0.0568
39.8
2444
4845
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2006
461
0.058
25.4
17.1
23.7
20.3
510.9
370.7
437.5
3994
120.0
183
235
8.2
1.309
0.0586
40.6
2455
4890
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2007
463
0.057
25.6
17.1
24.0
20.5
510.8
366.4
433.9
3992
114.9
186
240
8.1
1.294
0.0597
41.0
2368
4721
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2008
535
0.073
25.9
17.3
24.3
20.7
506.3
362.1
429.1
3956
46.0
113.4
185
243
8.0
1.314
0.0608
41.1
2370
4663
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2009
378
0.067
26.7
17.9
24.9
21.3
490.1
354.6
416.7
3919
46.2
110.5
180
237
8.0
1.322
0.0599
41.8
2373
4623
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2010
359
0.059
26.7
17.8
25.0
21.3
491.1
352.1
416.8
4059
47.0
110.8
189
257
7.6
1.368
0.0627
43.4
2388
4819
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2011
480
0.084
27.5
18.4
25.8
22.0
474.5
341.6
404.0
4028
46.6
108.7
183
254
7.6
1.413
0.0625
44.5
2418
4845
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2012
461
0.062
29.4
19.6
27.4
23.4
0.0
0.0
379.4
3973
46.9
110.2
175
256
7.5
1.472
0.0633
47.6
2674
5269
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2013
631
0.077
30.7
20.4
28.7
24.4
0.0
0.0
361.7
4008
47.3
110.8
172
265
7.3
1.560
0.0652
52.4
2924
5864
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2014
630
0.082
30.3
20.0
28.4
24.1
0.0
0.0
370.1
4058
47.6
111.4
173
272
7.2
1.610
0.0661
49.8
2756
5562
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2015
810
0.103
32.1
21.2
29.7
25.3
0.0
0.0
348.9
4007
47.6
112.3
165
266
7.2
1.635
0.0656
54.8
3065
6207
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-5
March 2019
-------
oERA
Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
11.8%
5.8%
82.3%
0.1%
59.5%
38.4%
0.3%
81.8%
94.5%
1.8%
65.2%
18.8%
16.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
9.2%
20.7%
70.0%
0.1%
52.7%
29.6%
0.5%
71.6%
79.7%
2.1%
50.2%
35.9%
13.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1975
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1976
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1977
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1978
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1980
53.5%
46.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1981
73.3%
0.0%
26.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1982
67.5%
32.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1983
55.8%
29.7%
14.5%
99.0%
1.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1984
59.2%
5.4%
35.4%
92.2%
7.8%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1985
54.0%
9.2%
36.7%
90.2%
9.8%
93.1%
6.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1986
72.4%
27.6%
0.0%
65.3%
34.7%
90.3%
9.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1987
69.7%
29.8%
0.5%
65.5%
27.6%
6.8%
5.1%
94.9%
5.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1988
76.8%
17.0%
6.2%
20.5%
35.2%
44.3%
24.8%
95.3%
4.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1989
60.9%
23.7%
15.4%
0.9%
78.1%
21.0%
41.8%
77.1%
22.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1990
45.8%
6.7%
45.1%
2.4%
82.1%
17.9%
71.4%
95.0%
5.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1991
42.4%
9.5%
45.0%
3.1%
87.5%
12.5%
84.9%
97.3%
2.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1992
49.3%
12.6%
38.0%
0.1%
100.0%
62.3%
97.7%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1993
32.6%
2.7%
63.9%
0.8%
93.4%
6.6%
85.4%
93.8%
6.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1994
36.5%
1.8%
61.6%
100.0%
16.7%
98.4%
1.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1995
30.7%
69.3%
100.0%
94.2%
55.1%
44.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1996
32.5%
67.5%
100.0%
84.6%
2.4%
44.4%
55.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1997
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
88.7%
1.4%
45.3%
54.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1998
24.3%
75.7%
100.0%
98.8%
17.9%
36.7%
63.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
1999
22.7%
0.2%
77.1%
100.0%
98.8%
22.7%
36.7%
63.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2000
25.4%
0.2%
74.4%
100.0%
100.0%
23.7%
32.0%
67.6%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2001
27.7%
0.5%
71.9%
100.0%
100.0%
32.9%
39.9%
59.4%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2002
27.5%
0.2%
72.2%
100.0%
100.0%
30.3%
59.5%
40.3%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2003
18.9%
81.1%
100.0%
100.0%
36.6%
60.6%
38.2%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2004
17.2%
0.2%
82.7%
100.0%
100.0%
40.8%
54.7%
28.6%
16.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2005
14.2%
78.8%
7.0%
100.0%
98.7%
39.1%
42.3%
37.4%
20.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2006
13.3%
81.5%
5.2%
100.0%
96.4%
59.6%
41.0%
36.8%
22.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2007
13.7%
80.3%
6.0%
99.7%
0.3%
98.9%
53.4%
44.5%
39.3%
16.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2008
11.3%
88.1%
0.6%
10.7%
89.1%
0.2%
99.8%
46.6%
0.4%
44.1%
45.5%
10.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2009
9.0%
0.3%
90.7%
24.9%
75.0%
0.1%
99.6%
63.1%
0.1%
57.7%
34.5%
7.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2010
7.2%
1.3%
81.4%
10.1%
29.6%
70.4%
99.4%
98.4%
0.0%
45.3%
43.1%
11.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2011
8.5%
0.2%
75.8%
15.4%
37.3%
62.7%
99.0%
98.7%
0.0%
55.0%
36.7%
8.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2012
7.3%
0.8%
66.1%
25.8%
45.1%
54.0%
0.2%
98.5%
97.4%
0.0%
48.9%
42.6%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2013
6.5%
3.1%
69.2%
21.2%
53.1%
44.0%
0.1%
95.8%
97.1%
0.0%
54.1%
28.7%
17.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2014
4.8%
1.7%
77.5%
16.1%
61.0%
36.2%
2.5%
97.9%
97.1%
0.7%
48.8%
34.2%
17.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2015
5.4%
3.3%
66.8%
24.5%
57.6%
39.2%
0.7%
97.6%
96.5%
0.4%
52.1%
31.9%
16.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-6
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2016
741
0.104
32.6
21.6
29.9
25.7
0.0
0.0
344.2
4011
47.5
112.7
161
261
7.3
1.647
0.0644
56.1
3136
6375
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2017
864
0.124
33.2
22.0
30.1
26.0
0.0
0.0
340.0
3952
47.3
114.5
151
245
7.6
1.644
0.0612
55.4
3197
6385
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.140
34.0
22.4
30.7
26.5
0.0
0.0
329.6
4044
47.8
113.9
155
266
7.2
1.685
0.0649
60.2
3353
6866
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1975
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1976
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1977
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1978
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1979
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1980
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1981
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1982
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1983
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1984
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1985
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1986
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1987
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1988
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1989
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1990
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1991
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1992
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1993
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1994
9
0.026
20.4
15.5
18.4
16.8
573.0
484.1
528.0
4000
183
161
10.5
0.871
0.0401
33.7
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1995
0
0.001
25.6
18.8
23.5
21.0
471.5
377.5
423.3
3500
122
94
13.2
0.770
0.0269
36.7
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1996
18
0.063
30.6
22.4
27.9
24.9
397.5
318.1
356.3
2947
122
120
11.3
0.984
0.0408
36.8
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1997
73
0.203
28.7
21.0
25.7
23.2
422.7
345.1
382.3
3015
122
120
11.4
0.984
0.0399
35.1
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1998
47
0.103
29.1
21.2
25.8
23.4
418.5
343.4
379.6
3204
121
125
12.0
1.035
0.0394
37.5
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1999
75
0.154
27.5
19.9
24.4
22.1
442.2
361.4
401.8
3466
139
161
10.8
1.148
0.0459
38.2
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2000
79
0.127
26.8
19.3
23.8
21.5
456.4
371.0
413.5
3561
145
170
10.1
1.163
0.0471
38.2
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2001
276
0.371
25.8
17.9
24.0
20.8
490.2
368.9
427.1
3632
167
180
9.5
1.093
0.0496
37.8
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2002
334
0.555
26.5
18.3
24.5
21.3
479.7
360.9
417.4
3597
163
176
9.7
1.087
0.0491
38.3
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2003
379
0.659
26.7
18.4
24.5
21.3
480.4
362.0
416.5
3574
162
174
9.6
1.073
0.0486
38.2
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2004
466
0.729
26.2
17.8
24.2
20.9
495.1
365.3
424.8
3762
181
191
9.2
1.059
0.0509
39.4
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2005
602
0.740
26.4
18.0
23.8
20.9
489.6
371.7
425.0
3734
176
185
9.3
1.058
0.0495
39.1
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2006
584
0.777
26.7
18.2
24.2
21.2
483.8
365.0
419.2
3777
175
184
9.5
1.058
0.0486
40.2
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2007
785
0.854
26.5
18.0
24.2
21.1
488.5
364.8
421.6
3879
178
204
9.1
1.145
0.0522
41.0
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2008
804
0.870
27.3
18.5
24.8
21.6
471.8
356.1
410.6
3836
46.0
173
198
9.3
1.147
0.0514
41.7
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2009
561
0.922
28.3
19.2
25.6
22.4
456.5
344.9
397.1
3800
45.9
172
203
CO
CO
1.178
0.0532
42.7
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2010
809
0.884
29.5
19.9
26.8
23.3
441.3
328.5
381.2
3900
46.7
171
211
8.7
1.231
0.0538
45.7
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2011
1071
0.888
30.5
20.5
27.5
23.9
431.1
321.0
371.1
3847
46.6
165
205
CO
CO
1.233
0.0529
46.2
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2012
1032
0.816
30.7
20.5
27.6
24.0
0.0
0.0
370.0
3853
46.6
164
206
8.7
1.260
0.0533
46.5
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2013
1372
0.906
31.7
21.0
28.6
24.8
0.0
0.0
359.0
3929
47.0
157
208
8.7
1.343
0.0526
48.8
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2014
1425
0.910
32.0
21.2
28.6
24.9
0.0
0.0
356.7
3814
46.3
150
198
CO
CO
1.342
0.0517
47.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-7
March 2019
-------
oERA
0! PfOt«tfon
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2016
5.9%
3.4%
69.1%
21.6%
63.2%
33.5%
0.6%
97.3%
96.7%
0.3%
49.1%
33.5%
17.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2017
6.2%
3.2%
59.2%
31.4%
70.6%
26.8%
0.3%
97.7%
97.4%
0.3%
50.9%
35.6%
13.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Four Wheel Drive
2018
3.5%
7.0%
66.3%
23.2%
70.3%
23.0%
0.7%
94.0%
93.6%
0.7%
45.0%
39.8%
15.3%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1975
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1976
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1977
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1978
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1979
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1980
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1981
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1982
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1983
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1984
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1985
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1986
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1987
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1988
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1989
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1990
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1991
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1992
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1993
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1994
54.8%
45.2%
100.0%
73.8%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1995
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1996
23.2%
76.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1997
28.5%
71.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1998
13.0%
87.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1999
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
100.0%
29.7%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2000
3.2%
96.8%
100.0%
100.0%
39.4%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2001
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
81.2%
27.0%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2002
7.2%
92.6%
0.2%
100.0%
78.8%
32.9%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2003
8.1%
79.0%
12.9%
100.0%
90.5%
28.2%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2004
5.9%
85.5%
8.6%
100.0%
87.2%
43.5%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2005
4.4%
89.5%
6.0%
100.0%
79.8%
27.0%
0.7%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2006
3.2%
90.1%
6.7%
100.0%
88.5%
32.6%
1.4%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2007
1.4%
94.0%
4.6%
100.0%
86.8%
47.3%
1.9%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2008
0.8%
92.7%
6.5%
2.5%
97.5%
91.9%
54.3%
2.7%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2009
0.6%
84.7%
14.7%
1.4%
98.6%
95.7%
75.1%
2.9%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2010
0.2%
90.4%
9.4%
19.9%
80.1%
100.0%
99.9%
1.5%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2011
0.6%
90.4%
9.0%
20.8%
79.2%
100.0%
99.8%
0.6%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2012
0.5%
85.7%
13.7%
33.8%
66.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.5%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2013
0.4%
88.8%
10.8%
45.3%
54.7%
99.9%
99.9%
0.4%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2014
0.8%
89.0%
10.3%
48.4%
51.5%
99.9%
99.9%
0.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-8
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2015
1540
0.905
33.0
22.0
29.3
25.7
0.0
0.0
346.4
3818
46.2
149
196
8.9
1.331
0.0509
49.2
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2016
1597
0.854
34.0
22.7
30.0
26.4
0.0
0.0
336.8
3738
45.9
142
190
8.9
1.359
0.0505
49.5
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2017
1722
0.878
34.0
22.6
30.3
26.4
0.0
0.0
336.3
3817
46.3
137
191
8.9
1.441
0.0498
50.6
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.908
35.0
23.4
30.4
26.9
0.0
0.0
330.6
3746
45.8
129
184
9.0
1.494
0.0491
50.6
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
10
1.000
13.1
10.1
12.6
11.1
851.4
699.4
798.5
4000
262
113
0.430
0.0282
22.6
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
11
1.000
12.4
9.4
12.5
10.6
886.4
690.7
839.9
3986
263
123
0.467
0.0309
22.1
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
19
1.000
14.3
11.2
13.6
12.2
768.4
633.2
730.7
4000
261
124
0.477
0.0311
25.1
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
16
1.000
13.6
10.4
13.5
11.6
828.9
647.7
767.9
4000
262
126
14.2
0.481
0.0315
23.8
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
16
1.000
16.8
13.9
14.8
14.3
604.1
577.2
622.9
3271
185
99
16.4
0.576
0.0300
23.6
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
0
1.000
17.2
13.9
15.5
14.6
631.4
572.1
609.7
4000
280
122
16.1
0.436
0.0305
29.4
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
0
1.000
17.3
13.7
16.1
14.7
647.9
553.4
605.4
4000
318
140
14.3
0.440
0.0350
29.4
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
13
1.000
23.4
20.2
19.3
19.8
437.7
457.8
449.6
2630
159
88
17.3
0.557
0.0335
26.0
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
34
1.000
24.3
19.5
22.4
20.7
454.4
388.3
429.6
3124
163
101
15.4
0.617
0.0325
32.7
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
55
1.000
22.6
17.5
22.1
19.3
505.4
390.4
460.7
3487
179
109
15.2
0.615
0.0313
33.9
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
88
1.000
23.5
17.6
24.2
20.1
502.8
366.3
442.6
3469
171
109
15.1
0.637
0.0314
34.9
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
59
1.000
22.3
17.1
21.7
18.9
516.6
408.6
469.6
3479
170
121
13.5
0.713
0.0348
33.0
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
95
1.000
22.9
17.1
23.1
19.4
517.6
384.6
457.5
3492
179
131
13.0
0.730
0.0374
34.0
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
109
1.000
22.7
17.1
22.5
19.2
519.1
393.0
461.7
3495
199
142
12.4
0.719
0.0405
33.7
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
108
1.000
22.7
17.1
22.1
19.1
519.8
402.0
465.0
3497
226
148
11.4
0.668
0.0422
33.5
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
65
1.000
22.5
16.9
21.5
18.8
522.4
410.8
471.6
3518
209
146
10.9
0.714
0.0415
33.2
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
224
1.000
21.8
16.4
20.5
18.2
534.3
427.9
488.1
3733
215
145
11.8
0.680
0.0385
34.0
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
243
1.000
21.4
16.1
20.1
17.8
544.4
435.5
498.1
3713
210
153
11.1
0.734
0.0409
33.2
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
473
1.000
20.4
15.0
19.6
17.0
582.1
448.2
521.9
3848
238
179
9.5
0.757
0.0462
32.9
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
323
0.974
21.8
16.1
20.5
18.1
544.5
429.6
491.7
3728
210
163
9.9
0.789
0.0434
33.6
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
220
0.999
21.5
15.7
20.5
17.8
556.4
430.0
499.0
3764
214
165
10.2
0.783
0.0436
33.6
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
269
0.937
22.0
15.9
20.8
18.1
551.0
424.6
490.6
3761
221
170
10.2
0.790
0.0451
34.1
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
287
0.797
22.5
16.3
20.9
18.4
535.2
420.5
482.4
3686
207
169
10.1
0.847
0.0459
34.0
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
408
0.897
21.7
15.6
20.4
17.8
567.2
434.8
499.6
3895
229
173
10.4
0.775
0.0445
34.7
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
413
0.846
22.1
15.8
20.5
18.0
560.4
433.0
494.3
3898
223
171
10.5
0.791
0.0439
35.1
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
538
0.873
21.5
15.3
19.9
17.5
578.0
445.9
508.8
3915
221
174
10.0
0.812
0.0445
34.2
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
467
0.629
22.1
15.7
20.1
17.8
559.5
439.4
498.3
3844
209
179
9.7
0.883
0.0465
34.4
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
268
0.445
21.4
15.1
19.6
17.3
585.8
452.8
513.9
3935
208
183
9.8
0.898
0.0463
34.1
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
196
0.341
21.9
15.4
20.0
17.6
577.7
443.5
503.7
3991
218
194
9.4
0.900
0.0486
35.3
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
151
0.237
22.4
15.4
20.7
18.0
577.5
428.2
494.0
4042
213
204
9.2
0.961
0.0502
36.4
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
93
0.115
21.9
14.9
20.5
17.6
595.3
433.5
503.7
4249
224
236
8.5
1.055
0.0552
37.5
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
103
0.137
22.4
15.2
20.9
18.0
582.8
424.2
493.9
4231
216
231
8.7
1.069
0.0542
38.1
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
92
0.100
22.5
15.4
20.9
18.1
577.6
425.6
491.7
4280
233
244
8.3
1.047
0.0569
38.7
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
71
0.076
22.7
15.4
21.3
18.3
576.0
417.2
486.5
4406
47.3
222
257
8.2
1.165
0.0586
40.3
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
31
0.050
23.3
15.8
21.7
18.7
561.6
409.7
475.7
4479
48.9
223
269
7.9
1.210
0.0600
41.9
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
25
0.028
23.3
15.8
21.6
18.7
560.9
410.4
475.8
4500
46.9
226
264
7.8
1.174
0.0588
42.1
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
19
0.015
23.7
16.1
22.0
19.0
552.4
403.9
467.9
4246
47.3
222
271
7.4
1.226
0.0639
40.3
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
49
0.039
23.8
16.2
22.0
19.1
546.4
402.7
465.2
4098
45.8
219
233
8.4
1.069
0.0567
39.2
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
24
0.016
26.5
18.0
23.9
20.9
491.6
370.6
424.4
4429
47.3
217
290
7.4
1.337
0.0651
46.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-9
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2015
0.6%
0.0%
77.2%
22.2%
49.5%
50.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2016
0.8%
1.8%
70.2%
27.2%
47.4%
52.6%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2017
0.2%
1.7%
79.4%
18.7%
52.9%
47.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Car SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2018
0.5%
1.0%
79.0%
19.6%
51.8%
46.8%
1.4%
100.0%
98.6%
0.5%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
68.3%
31.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
69.1%
30.9%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
82.5%
17.5%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
84.2%
15.8%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
37.7%
58.3%
3.9%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
3.9%
9.4%
86.8%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
4.6%
86.5%
8.9%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
19.3%
37.6%
43.2%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
19.4%
15.8%
64.8%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
15.9%
84.1%
94.7%
5.3%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
18.1%
81.9%
13.1%
0.0%
86.8%
0.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
14.3%
85.7%
32.8%
67.2%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
24.6%
75.4%
48.2%
51.8%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
27.4%
72.6%
1.4%
44.7%
53.9%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
35.1%
1.8%
63.0%
5.1%
63.3%
31.6%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
22.2%
0.1%
77.7%
0.8%
49.3%
49.9%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
24.6%
75.4%
1.2%
68.4%
30.3%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
10.9%
89.1%
0.7%
90.6%
8.7%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
20.6%
7.8%
71.6%
91.9%
8.1%
9.8%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
17.3%
82.7%
90.8%
9.2%
19.1%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
14.9%
85.1%
100.0%
27.9%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
21.8%
7.7%
70.5%
100.0%
43.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
10.9%
89.1%
100.0%
21.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
8.9%
91.1%
100.0%
27.3%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
24.4%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
20.6%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
7.9%
92.1%
100.0%
59.8%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
5.4%
94.6%
100.0%
24.9%
2.9%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
35.9%
11.6%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
59.5%
49.9%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
68.6%
46.1%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
75.1%
54.5%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
94.5%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
100.0%
72.2%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
49.3%
49.3%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
0.2%
99.8%
53.8%
46.2%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-10
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
20
0.013
26.7
18.1
24.6
21.3
490.0
360.4
417.8
4500
47.1
220
296
7.2
1.355
0.0659
48.0
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
24
0.014
27.5
18.5
25.3
21.8
477.3
348.1
406.8
4457
47.3
211
294
7.2
1.423
0.0659
48.9
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
22
0.012
31.7
21.2
28.4
24.8
416.3
311.2
358.7
4053
49.7
133
250
7.0
1.923
0.0615
50.4
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
40
0.020
30.8
20.8
27.7
24.3
425.0
319.2
366.4
4060
49.4
134
251
7.1
1.911
0.0616
49.3
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.015
32.3
21.8
28.4
25.1
408.6
313.1
354.2
4000
49.8
121
241
7.0
1.984
0.0603
50.2
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1975
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1976
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1977
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1978
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1979
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1980
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1981
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1982
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1983
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1984
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1985
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1986
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1987
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1988
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1989
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1990
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1991
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1992
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1993
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1994
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1995
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1996
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1997
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1998
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1999
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2000
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2001
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2002
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2003
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2004
22
0.034
20.2
13.6
19.6
16.4
653.2
453.3
540.9
4500
250
286
7.8
1.149
0.0636
37.0
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2005
118
0.145
23.8
16.0
22.6
19.2
552.3
392.0
463.4
4113
208
195
9.5
0.935
0.0472
39.4
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2006
64
0.086
23.1
15.5
21.8
18.6
570.2
406.8
478.2
4205
209
202
9.5
0.959
0.0477
39.0
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2007
43
0.047
23.7
15.9
22.5
19.1
554.9
393.4
465.2
4222
210
203
9.5
0.964
0.0478
40.3
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2008
49
0.053
23.6
15.8
22.5
19.0
559.3
393.9
467.5
4273
49.1
211
214
9.3
1.007
0.0499
40.5
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2009
17
0.028
23.2
15.5
22.3
18.7
566.9
396.6
474.5
4232
49.0
210
210
9.2
0.997
0.0496
39.6
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2010
81
0.089
27.5
18.4
25.5
21.9
477.6
343.7
405.5
4272
48.3
165
225
8.9
1.356
0.0524
47.0
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2011
117
0.097
26.0
17.3
24.5
20.8
511.9
361.8
427.1
4229
48.8
164
221
9.0
1.335
0.0517
44.0
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2012
184
0.145
26.5
17.7
24.4
21.0
499.8
361.7
423.7
4214
48.6
176
230
8.7
1.308
0.0544
44.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-ll
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
100.0%
26.6%
73.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
100.0%
78.5%
21.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
100.0%
89.4%
10.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
100.0%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1975
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1976
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1977
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1978
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1979
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1980
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1981
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1982
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1983
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1984
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1985
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1986
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1987
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1988
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1989
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1990
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1991
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1992
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1993
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1994
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1995
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1996
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1997
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1998
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1999
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2000
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2001
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2002
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2003
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2005
100.0%
100.0%
11.3%
11.3%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
20.5%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2007
100.0%
100.0%
22.2%
22.2%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2008
100.0%
100.0%
36.5%
36.5%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2009
100.0%
100.0%
32.6%
32.6%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2010
100.0%
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2011
100.0%
94.3%
5.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2012
100.0%
82.6%
17.4%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-12
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2013
118
0.078
26.4
17.9
24.3
21.0
493.1
365.0
422.7
4298
48.1
185
263
8.0
1.451
0.0609
45.3
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2014
121
0.077
25.9
17.4
23.6
20.5
507.6
375.8
434.4
4356
48.0
183
252
8.3
1.397
0.0575
44.5
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2015
138
0.081
26.5
18.0
24.0
21.0
492.1
369.6
424.0
4322
48.1
188
263
8.0
1.414
0.0606
45.4
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2016
250
0.134
32.4
22.1
28.3
25.2
0.0
0.0
345.4
4043
46.8
143
213
9.1
1.408
0.0513
62.0
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2017
200
0.102
31.1
21.3
27.5
24.4
0.0
0.0
355.2
4149
48.1
142
252
8.7
1.464
0.0576
64.2
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.077
32.8
22.5
28.0
25.3
0.0
0.0
336.8
4121
47.9
128
252
CO
CO
1.464
0.0571
64.9
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1975
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1976
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1977
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1978
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1979
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1980
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1981
1
0.003
17.9
13.8
17.5
15.2
644.4
507.0
582.9
4115
318
135
14.1
0.425
0.0329
31.3
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1982
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1983
1
0.002
39.0
33.5
32.3
32.9
303.0
314.0
309.0
2250
97
52
21.7
0.536
0.0231
37.2
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1984
151
0.223
24.7
19.6
23.1
21.0
450.3
380.0
423.5
3341
143
97
17.0
0.680
0.0293
35.3
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1985
260
0.304
23.7
18.9
21.9
20.1
469.1
401.7
441.5
3422
148
100
16.8
0.681
0.0294
34.5
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1986
255
0.244
24.4
19.2
22.8
20.7
460.1
388.4
429.0
3442
150
100
16.2
0.669
0.0291
35.7
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1987
307
0.275
24.6
19.1
23.1
20.8
464.4
382.9
427.9
3503
163
122
14.8
0.741
0.0347
36.4
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1988
411
0.363
24.1
18.3
23.1
20.3
482.9
383.4
437.5
3714
173
133
14.5
0.765
0.0359
37.7
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1989
439
0.344
24.1
18.4
22.8
20.2
482.1
389.7
439.1
3724
168
131
14.1
0.776
0.0350
37.7
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1990
590
0.468
23.9
17.9
23.0
20.0
494.1
385.8
443.5
3828
184
135
12.9
0.733
0.0354
38.4
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1991
395
0.382
23.8
17.9
22.5
19.9
495.6
395.2
447.4
3919
186
136
13.2
0.727
0.0346
38.9
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1992
554
0.454
23.8
17.6
22.7
19.8
501.9
390.2
448.4
3894
187
139
12.6
0.742
0.0355
38.6
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1993
718
0.498
23.8
17.4
22.9
19.8
509.0
387.2
449.6
3838
188
143
11.4
0.763
0.0373
37.9
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1994
742
0.523
23.5
17.1
22.5
19.5
516.7
393.8
455.6
3902
193
145
11.3
0.755
0.0373
38.1
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1995
1019
0.613
23.5
16.9
22.8
19.5
524.6
388.6
456.1
3889
206
146
11.5
0.722
0.0375
37.9
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1996
1040
0.738
23.5
16.7
22.7
19.4
529.2
390.4
458.5
4061
203
166
11.3
0.824
0.0409
39.4
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1997
819
0.648
23.5
16.7
22.7
19.4
531.4
391.1
458.7
4048
195
162
11.5
0.832
0.0400
39.2
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1998
1166
0.783
23.8
16.7
23.1
19.6
531.6
384.2
454.1
4025
202
173
11.2
0.864
0.0431
39.4
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1999
1112
0.760
23.5
16.4
22.9
19.3
541.8
387.5
460.1
4147
204
176
11.2
0.863
0.0423
40.1
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2000
1363
0.806
23.8
16.5
23.0
19.5
538.8
385.7
456.9
4168
202
178
10.7
0.888
0.0427
40.5
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2001
854
0.693
24.3
16.7
23.3
19.8
530.6
380.6
449.4
4242
201
189
10.2
0.946
0.0447
42.0
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2002
1048
0.843
24.0
16.5
22.9
19.5
538.4
385.9
455.9
4319
207
198
10.1
0.959
0.0458
42.1
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2003
1029
0.835
24.4
16.6
23.2
19.7
535.0
381.1
450.8
4293
209
199
9.9
0.955
0.0464
42.3
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2004
826
0.866
24.3
16.3
23.4
19.6
544.4
379.1
452.7
4428
212
212
9.6
1.007
0.0480
43.5
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2005
1321
0.892
24.4
16.3
23.3
19.6
544.1
380.9
452.6
4392
212
208
9.7
0.984
0.0474
43.2
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2006
1047
0.898
24.7
16.5
23.7
19.9
538.8
374.5
446.0
4424
213
210
9.7
0.992
0.0475
44.1
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2007
795
0.938
24.4
16.3
23.4
19.7
545.3
379.0
451.4
4449
217
225
9.4
1.040
0.0505
43.8
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2008
734
0.929
24.9
16.6
23.8
20.1
534.5
372.1
443.0
4500
53.8
218
219
9.6
1.009
0.0486
45.2
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2009
346
0.941
25.3
16.8
24.1
20.3
525.3
368.2
437.3
4543
54.1
212
219
9.4
1.038
0.0481
46.2
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2010
538
0.963
25.2
16.8
24.0
20.3
523.5
370.1
438.3
4511
53.9
212
211
9.7
1.003
0.0466
45.8
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2011
476
0.914
26.8
17.9
25.1
21.4
495.3
353.7
415.5
4441
55.1
209
259
8.3
1.237
0.0580
47.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-13
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2013
100.0%
76.1%
23.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2014
100.0%
96.2%
3.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2015
100.0%
0.0%
84.9%
15.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2016
17.5%
55.5%
27.0%
55.9%
37.0%
92.9%
92.9%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2017
24.7%
75.3%
88.3%
3.2%
91.4%
91.4%
Car SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2018
23.3%
76.7%
88.2%
88.2%
88.2%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1975
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1976
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1977
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1978
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1979
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1980
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1981
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1982
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1983
33.3%
66.7%
100.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1984
25.1%
69.3%
5.6%
0.0%
98.7%
1.3%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1985
12.4%
83.2%
4.4%
99.9%
0.1%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1986
8.7%
85.2%
6.1%
99.9%
0.1%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1987
5.5%
40.3%
54.1%
48.2%
51.6%
0.2%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1988
3.0%
18.5%
78.4%
79.2%
20.8%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1989
2.6%
38.6%
58.8%
72.7%
27.3%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1990
1.9%
1.5%
96.7%
67.9%
32.1%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1991
0.2%
99.8%
70.5%
29.5%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1992
2.4%
97.6%
82.0%
18.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1993
1.6%
98.4%
88.8%
11.2%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1994
0.6%
99.4%
90.8%
9.2%
0.3%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1995
0.1%
99.9%
93.2%
6.8%
3.3%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1996
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
5.6%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1997
100.0%
100.0%
7.5%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1998
100.0%
100.0%
12.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
1999
100.0%
100.0%
16.4%
10.8%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2000
100.0%
100.0%
26.8%
18.6%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2001
100.0%
100.0%
32.6%
24.5%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2002
100.0%
100.0%
33.7%
24.7%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2003
100.0%
100.0%
30.9%
23.5%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2004
100.0%
100.0%
57.3%
50.1%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2005
97.0%
3.0%
100.0%
38.0%
26.2%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2006
96.6%
3.4%
100.0%
48.2%
38.6%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2007
96.8%
3.2%
100.0%
53.9%
51.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2008
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
53.1%
50.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2009
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
60.7%
48.1%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2010
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
52.7%
36.9%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2011
96.6%
3.4%
100.0%
100.0%
94.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-14
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2012
619
0.934
27.1
18.0
25.5
21.6
491.8
347.2
410.6
4388
54.3
206
255
8.4
1.226
0.0576
47.5
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2013
531
0.931
26.8
17.8
25.3
21.4
497.3
350.8
415.3
4491
54.4
206
257
8.5
1.241
0.0568
48.0
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2014
627
0.933
27.1
18.0
25.5
21.7
490.6
347.3
410.4
4434
54.7
210
261
8.2
1.237
0.0585
48.1
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2015
617
0.941
27.8
18.5
25.7
22.0
476.3
344.6
403.5
4363
54.5
201
249
8.4
1.228
0.0566
48.1
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2016
598
0.948
27.4
18.2
25.7
21.8
486.4
344.4
407.0
4418
55.0
206
256
8.3
1.239
0.0578
48.3
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2017
570
0.925
28.3
18.5
26.7
22.5
464.8
330.4
395.4
4451
55.5
205
266
7.9
1.288
0.0594
50.5
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.939
29.3
19.3
27.1
23.1
386.8
320.5
382.3
4446
54.9
202
261
7.8
1.284
0.0584
52.7
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
457
1.000
13.1
10.6
11.9
11.1
819.3
717.6
800.2
4196
318
143
0.448
0.0341
23.8
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
502
1.000
13.9
11.1
12.8
11.8
783.1
675.3
754.2
4200
324
146
0.447
0.0347
25.2
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
514
1.000
14.7
11.9
13.3
12.5
729.6
653.9
710.2
4252
332
152
0.458
0.0359
26.9
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
625
1.000
14.2
11.6
12.7
12.1
746.7
680.9
735.7
4250
329
149
13.4
0.453
0.0351
26.1
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
481
1.000
13.5
11.1
12.1
11.5
780.3
716.8
773.8
4541
322
144
15.5
0.451
0.0317
26.5
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
242
1.000
16.6
13.3
15.4
14.1
658.2
566.3
628.7
4353
288
131
16.5
0.459
0.0299
31.0
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
244
0.997
17.5
14.0
16.0
14.8
628.0
546.4
598.8
4325
284
129
16.5
0.458
0.0298
32.3
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
311
1.000
17.3
13.9
15.9
14.7
629.4
551.8
604.5
4342
287
132
17.6
0.463
0.0303
32.3
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
382
0.998
17.7
14.1
16.5
15.1
627.3
532.5
593.1
4418
295
136
15.6
0.466
0.0307
33.7
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
525
0.777
17.7
14.0
16.6
15.1
613.6
519.8
589.2
4286
280
134
15.5
0.497
0.0311
32.9
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
593
0.693
18.0
14.3
16.8
15.3
599.1
508.1
579.9
4222
275
142
14.7
0.533
0.0335
32.9
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
776
0.743
19.5
15.3
18.4
16.6
568.9
469.0
536.8
4198
255
137
14.2
0.559
0.0327
35.1
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
786
0.705
19.6
15.2
18.7
16.6
573.6
463.7
534.6
4169
253
151
13.5
0.622
0.0362
34.9
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
713
0.630
19.8
15.1
19.0
16.7
580.4
458.4
532.7
4256
262
155
13.5
0.615
0.0366
35.7
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
830
0.649
19.8
15.0
19.1
16.7
581.6
455.3
531.8
4239
257
155
13.0
0.627
0.0366
35.7
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
589
0.467
19.3
14.5
18.6
16.2
605.1
469.7
548.8
4369
270
162
12.0
0.619
0.0372
35.6
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
526
0.509
20.1
15.0
19.3
16.8
585.5
451.1
528.8
4305
249
157
12.3
0.664
0.0366
36.4
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
600
0.491
19.8
14.7
19.0
16.6
594.2
461.0
536.5
4360
256
163
11.8
0.664
0.0375
36.3
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
658
0.456
20.2
14.9
19.5
16.9
590.7
448.7
526.7
4351
249
166
10.9
0.692
0.0383
36.8
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
585
0.413
19.5
14.3
18.6
16.2
613.9
471.0
549.3
4439
268
176
10.6
0.669
0.0397
36.1
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
492
0.296
19.0
13.9
18.0
15.7
632.9
485.9
564.4
4536
289
186
10.5
0.660
0.0414
35.8
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
336
0.239
19.2
13.9
18.2
15.9
628.5
478.2
560.0
4560
273
185
11.1
0.691
0.0406
36.3
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
387
0.306
19.8
14.2
18.8
16.3
619.7
468.3
545.3
4578
269
200
10.5
0.748
0.0437
37.4
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
274
0.184
19.5
13.9
18.5
16.0
633.6
476.5
555.0
4758
280
209
10.7
0.750
0.0441
38.1
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
311
0.213
18.9
13.5
17.8
15.5
655.5
495.5
573.6
4821
285
208
10.8
0.731
0.0431
37.3
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
282
0.167
19.1
13.6
17.8
15.6
647.9
494.0
569.1
4717
283
208
10.2
0.735
0.0441
36.9
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
272
0.221
18.9
13.3
17.9
15.4
663.7
494.3
575.3
4957
290
225
9.8
0.779
0.0454
38.3
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
157
0.126
18.7
13.2
17.2
15.1
667.9
511.6
586.6
4806
284
213
10.1
0.752
0.0445
36.5
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
141
0.114
19.4
13.6
17.7
15.6
650.9
496.3
568.4
4930
283
218
10.1
0.767
0.0441
38.6
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
81
0.085
20.1
13.9
18.5
16.2
637.8
477.4
549.6
4947
281
222
10.0
0.785
0.0448
39.9
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
79
0.054
19.9
13.8
18.2
16.0
644.1
487.4
556.2
4847
277
214
10.0
0.769
0.0442
38.6
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
66
0.057
19.4
13.4
17.7
15.6
660.4
501.1
570.6
5139
281
226
10.1
0.800
0.0438
40.0
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
28
0.033
20.0
13.8
18.4
16.1
641.4
483.0
552.0
5159
278
220
10.5
0.785
0.0424
41.5
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
24
0.031
20.3
14.1
18.3
16.2
627.5
484.8
548.2
5189
63.5
277
222
10.5
0.794
0.0425
42.0
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
13
0.034
20.5
14.2
18.5
16.4
622.2
475.6
542.1
5185
62.5
277
220
10.3
0.786
0.0420
42.6
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
12
0.021
20.7
14.3
18.9
16.6
620.6
467.5
536.1
5249
63.5
280
226
10.4
0.799
0.0426
43.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-15
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2012
0.2%
96.4%
3.4%
100.0%
100.0%
94.1%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2013
0.1%
96.7%
3.2%
100.0%
100.0%
92.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2014
0.1%
96.9%
3.0%
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2015
91.4%
8.6%
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2016
97.0%
3.0%
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2017
93.2%
6.8%
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
100.0%
0.6%
Van
Front Wheel Drive
2018
90.4%
9.6%
38.9%
61.1%
100.0%
100.0%
3.4%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
23.3%
76.7%
99.8%
0.2%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
20.5%
79.5%
99.7%
0.3%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
14.3%
85.7%
99.6%
0.4%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
13.0%
87.0%
99.6%
0.4%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
14.8%
78.4%
6.8%
98.2%
1.8%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
26.0%
35.0%
39.0%
93.5%
6.5%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
21.7%
31.5%
46.8%
95.4%
4.6%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
15.7%
38.5%
45.8%
95.2%
3.0%
1.8%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
12.0%
28.6%
59.4%
92.2%
3.5%
4.4%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
12.7%
30.3%
57.1%
86.2%
8.6%
4.0%
1.2%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
8.4%
25.1%
66.5%
86.2%
9.1%
4.2%
0.4%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
6.9%
14.3%
78.8%
48.3%
29.4%
21.9%
0.5%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
5.1%
20.7%
74.1%
14.2%
43.0%
42.8%
0.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
3.1%
17.3%
79.6%
0.4%
43.5%
56.0%
0.2%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
2.5%
11.2%
86.3%
49.9%
50.0%
0.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
1.6%
8.0%
90.4%
0.1%
44.4%
55.4%
0.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
1.5%
4.2%
94.3%
53.1%
46.7%
0.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
0.7%
4.1%
95.2%
60.3%
39.6%
0.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
0.8%
3.6%
95.6%
66.3%
33.7%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
0.3%
5.1%
94.7%
66.6%
33.4%
2.6%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
5.6%
94.4%
71.6%
28.4%
3.3%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
6.8%
93.2%
100.0%
5.3%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
1.4%
98.6%
100.0%
3.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
100.0%
100.0%
2.3%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
100.0%
100.0%
29.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-16
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
15
0.029
19.1
13.3
17.6
15.5
656.1
495.3
574.7
5534
64.2
290
236
10.3
0.805
0.0423
43.1
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
23
0.035
19.6
13.6
18.1
15.9
643.7
483.5
560.5
5393
63.8
283
228
10.7
0.797
0.0420
42.9
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
16
0.028
19.5
13.6
17.9
15.8
644.6
486.8
563.8
5442
64.3
285
230
10.4
0.799
0.0420
43.1
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
19
0.029
18.9
13.1
17.5
15.3
672.9
502.4
580.5
5416
64.1
285
229
10.4
0.797
0.0420
41.5
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
8
0.013
19.2
13.2
18.2
15.6
664.0
485.4
568.3
6186
62.6
251
281
9.2
1.143
0.0455
48.6
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
17
0.028
23.5
16.4
20.4
18.5
516.7
427.1
481.7
5390
59.4
180
246
9.2
1.460
0.0456
50.2
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
13
0.021
22.1
15.5
19.1
17.4
542.6
450.5
512.1
5532
60.2
196
254
9.2
1.403
0.0459
48.7
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.025
24.8
17.3
21.1
19.3
500.1
413.3
461.1
5198
59.1
160
236
9.2
1.541
0.0452
50.3
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1975
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1976
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1977
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1978
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1979
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1980
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1981
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1982
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1983
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1984
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1985
3
0.003
25.0
19.2
24.8
21.4
463.1
358.6
416.2
3000
122
88
16.0
0.721
0.0293
32.0
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1986
13
0.013
25.1
19.1
24.8
21.4
464.2
358.8
416.1
3000
122
88
15.3
0.721
0.0293
32.0
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1987
21
0.019
24.2
19.0
22.4
20.5
464.0
387.1
434.2
3459
128
94
16.4
0.739
0.0276
35.6
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1988
9
0.008
26.2
20.0
25.1
22.1
445.0
352.1
402.6
3378
125
97
15.9
0.777
0.0289
37.2
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1989
9
0.007
23.4
17.9
22.0
19.7
491.4
398.1
452.2
3567
136
106
15.3
0.781
0.0299
35.1
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1990
83
0.066
20.1
15.2
19.1
16.9
583.2
463.5
526.5
4050
202
151
12.5
0.765
0.0375
34.2
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1991
113
0.109
20.6
15.5
19.6
17.2
573.6
452.0
515.8
4076
200
152
12.5
0.778
0.0374
35.2
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1992
67
0.055
20.3
15.1
19.3
16.9
584.8
458.2
525.1
4409
212
162
12.3
0.774
0.0366
37.3
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1993
65
0.045
20.3
15.0
19.5
16.9
592.3
454.9
525.3
4571
229
174
11.1
0.765
0.0381
38.7
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1994
91
0.064
20.7
15.1
19.9
17.2
586.5
445.2
517.5
4408
219
169
11.1
0.781
0.0383
37.8
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1995
150
0.091
21.7
15.7
20.9
18.0
563.4
421.1
493.7
4210
209
159
11.5
0.775
0.0378
37.9
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1996
33
0.023
20.0
14.5
19.0
16.5
612.6
467.1
538.2
4727
244
177
11.8
0.735
0.0375
39.0
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1997
59
0.047
20.0
14.3
19.0
16.4
619.3
466.4
540.3
4693
243
179
11.7
0.741
0.0380
38.6
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1998
48
0.032
20.2
14.4
19.3
16.6
616.6
457.1
534.4
4713
238
180
12.0
0.762
0.0382
39.2
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1999
40
0.027
20.4
14.4
19.3
16.7
615.2
455.8
532.1
4747
251
186
11.7
0.745
0.0393
39.7
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2000
46
0.027
20.5
14.5
19.2
16.7
611.4
459.4
530.8
4764
253
181
11.4
0.717
0.0380
39.9
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2001
107
0.087
17.3
12.1
16.5
14.2
721.1
531.4
626.4
5614
300
241
10.2
0.805
0.0428
40.0
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2002
38
0.030
19.8
13.8
18.8
16.1
633.3
462.9
550.4
4772
240
195
10.9
0.824
0.0411
39.1
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2003
62
0.050
20.7
14.3
19.5
16.8
612.5
445.4
529.6
4839
239
202
10.7
0.854
0.0416
41.0
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2004
47
0.049
21.6
14.8
20.1
17.4
592.1
434.9
510.6
4731
229
222
9.9
0.994
0.0471
41.5
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2005
81
0.055
22.4
15.4
20.6
18.0
573.7
427.7
494.7
4645
206
213
9.8
1.051
0.0460
41.9
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2006
53
0.045
22.7
15.5
20.9
18.2
570.6
423.5
488.6
4669
205
214
9.9
1.052
0.0459
42.5
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2007
25
0.029
22.7
15.6
20.8
18.2
564.4
424.2
488.7
4695
214
238
9.3
1.129
0.0507
42.7
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2008
32
0.040
22.3
15.2
20.6
17.9
582.3
427.4
496.7
4651
54.0
226
270
8.6
1.211
0.0582
41.6
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2009
9
0.025
21.4
14.7
19.5
17.1
596.7
448.5
519.2
4824
57.0
242
275
8.5
1.169
0.0574
41.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-17
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
100.0%
100.0%
3.3%
26.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
100.0%
100.0%
19.9%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
100.0%
100.0%
23.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
100.0%
100.0%
24.1%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
100.0%
100.0%
72.0%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
100.0%
55.2%
44.8%
95.1%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
100.0%
46.6%
53.4%
90.2%
100.0%
Van
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
100.0%
68.2%
31.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1975
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1976
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1977
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1978
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1979
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1980
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1981
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1982
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1983
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1984
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1985
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1986
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1987
66.4%
22.9%
10.6%
32.5%
67.5%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1988
89.7%
10.3%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1989
59.4%
37.2%
3.5%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1990
3.2%
4.3%
92.5%
85.0%
15.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1991
4.6%
95.4%
85.9%
14.1%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1992
3.3%
96.7%
91.1%
8.9%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1993
0.2%
0.4%
99.5%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1994
0.5%
99.5%
97.5%
2.5%
34.9%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1995
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
17.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1996
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
15.3%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1997
100.0%
100.0%
10.2%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1998
100.0%
100.0%
17.9%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
1999
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2000
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2001
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2002
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2003
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2004
100.0%
100.0%
55.6%
55.6%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2005
55.2%
44.8%
100.0%
74.8%
30.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2006
62.4%
37.6%
100.0%
76.9%
39.3%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2007
48.4%
51.6%
100.0%
84.1%
32.5%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2008
100.0%
100.0%
87.4%
41.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2009
100.0%
100.0%
73.2%
73.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-18
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2010
9
0.016
21.1
14.6
19.3
16.9
603.3
455.7
525.0
4919
58.1
250
278
8.7
1.146
0.0569
41.6
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2011
29
0.056
22.7
15.5
21.0
18.2
570.2
421.4
488.1
4958
56.9
223
270
8.7
1.227
0.0545
45.2
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2012
20
0.031
23.4
15.9
21.7
18.8
554.1
403.3
473.6
4979
57.3
229
273
8.6
1.213
0.0550
47.0
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2013
24
0.041
23.2
15.7
21.8
18.7
561.2
403.5
475.7
5094
57.2
227
276
8.7
1.234
0.0541
47.8
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2014
25
0.038
23.1
15.7
21.6
18.6
562.6
405.3
478.1
5116
57.2
231
276
8.7
1.218
0.0540
47.8
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2015
30
0.046
24.3
16.4
22.9
19.6
543.4
387.3
454.4
5000
55.9
212
268
8.7
1.266
0.0536
48.9
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2016
15
0.024
24.2
16.2
22.8
19.4
547.3
389.1
457.6
5039
55.8
212
269
8.7
1.267
0.0534
48.9
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2017
33
0.054
26.2
17.5
24.6
20.9
507.1
361.7
424.3
5000
55.9
211
295
7.8
1.397
0.0590
52.4
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.036
26.2
17.6
24.4
20.9
505.0
363.8
424.5
5000
56.0
211
296
7.7
1.404
0.0592
52.3
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1975
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1976
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1977
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1978
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1979
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1980
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1981
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1982
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1983
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1984
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1985
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1986
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1987
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1988
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1989
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1990
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1991
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1992
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1993
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1994
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1995
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1996
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1997
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1998
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1999
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2000
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2001
200
0.074
23.5
16.3
22.3
19.1
543.0
398.4
464.7
4412
221
200
9.6
0.916
0.0455
42.2
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2002
60
0.017
25.0
17.6
22.7
20.1
502.5
390.0
442.5
4000
172
201
9.5
1.163
0.0502
40.4
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2003
94
0.026
25.7
18.0
23.0
20.5
490.3
384.3
433.5
3885
165
190
9.6
1.149
0.0489
40.0
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2004
114
0.028
25.3
17.4
23.0
20.2
506.2
384.6
440.8
4060
187
196
9.4
1.074
0.0484
41.0
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2005
97
0.029
25.9
17.8
23.2
20.5
495.8
381.9
432.5
3950
174
198
9.2
1.138
0.0500
40.6
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2006
154
0.051
26.0
17.9
23.2
20.6
478.6
382.5
432.1
4239
189
209
8.9
1.111
0.0493
44.1
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2007
214
0.065
26.0
17.7
23.5
20.6
487.8
377.2
431.2
4283
188
217
8.9
1.154
0.0504
44.2
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2008
309
0.101
25.7
17.4
23.8
20.5
501.8
371.5
432.8
4472
50.1
196
238
8.6
1.214
0.0529
45.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-19
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2010
100.0%
100.0%
65.2%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2011
100.0%
100.0%
89.7%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2012
100.0%
100.0%
83.9%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2013
100.0%
100.0%
85.6%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2014
100.0%
100.0%
83.3%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Four Wheel Drive
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1975
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1976
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1977
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1978
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1979
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1980
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1981
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1982
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1983
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1984
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1985
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1986
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1987
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1988
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1989
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1990
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1991
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1992
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1993
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1994
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1995
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1996
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1997
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1998
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
1999
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2000
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2001
100.0%
100.0%
17.6%
17.6%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2003
4.3%
95.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2004
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
81.8%
81.8%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2005
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2006
1.1%
85.7%
13.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
13.2%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2007
2.4%
74.8%
22.8%
100.0%
100.0%
99.3%
5.5%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2008
1.6%
81.6%
16.8%
100.0%
100.0%
97.6%
1.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-20
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-
Ton-MPG
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2009
300
0.175
24.9
16.7
23.4
20.0
526.1
379.2
445.1
4537
51.3
201
251
8.2
1.255
0.0549
45.3
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2010
327
0.142
25.6
17.2
24.0
20.5
511.9
369.0
433.1
4496
50.9
202
250
8.3
1.239
0.0552
46.1
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2011
423
0.138
25.8
17.4
24.0
20.6
507.2
368.6
430.8
4537
51.7
202
263
8.1
1.301
0.0575
46.7
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2012
381
0.138
25.7
17.2
24.1
20.6
515.2
367.8
432.1
4674
52.9
210
269
8.0
1.285
0.0574
48.1
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2013
455
0.138
26.4
17.7
24.5
21.1
499.8
361.8
422.1
4563
52.0
206
265
8.0
1.293
0.0581
48.0
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2014
475
0.128
26.6
17.8
24.8
21.2
496.4
358.0
419.5
4599
52.6
208
269
8.0
1.296
0.0586
48.7
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2015
523
0.111
26.7
17.9
24.8
21.2
494.4
357.6
418.3
4580
52.1
208
271
7.9
1.300
0.0590
48.7
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2016
551
0.117
26.6
17.6
24.9
21.1
495.9
355.1
420.5
4504
51.5
201
265
7.9
1.320
0.0588
47.8
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2017
720
0.133
27.1
17.9
25.4
21.5
489.1
347.9
413.1
4493
51.5
203
276
7.7
1.358
0.0613
48.5
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.122
28.8
19.1
26.2
22.6
459.0
337.3
392.8
4340
51.5
194
272
7.4
1.420
0.0625
49.2
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
20
0.111
13.5
10.8
12.4
11.5
813.5
704.4
775.6
4570
357
166
0.463
0.0362
26.4
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
24
0.105
13.6
10.8
12.7
11.6
808.2
687.8
766.6
4628
356
156
0.435
0.0335
27.1
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
31
0.116
14.7
11.9
13.4
12.5
733.4
645.4
710.1
4612
352
160
0.451
0.0344
29.3
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
28
0.076
14.0
11.3
12.7
11.9
774.8
682.8
748.0
4650
348
160
13.4
0.463
0.0345
28.0
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
107
0.278
11.1
9.3
9.5
9.4
948.4
927.9
947.1
5161
367
151
15.5
0.408
0.0291
24.3
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
20
0.111
14.4
11.4
13.6
12.3
775.4
651.2
723.2
5058
342
162
14.8
0.473
0.0321
31.1
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
13
0.095
15.9
12.7
14.7
13.6
695.3
602.9
655.5
4910
326
162
14.6
0.498
0.0330
33.3
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
21
0.138
19.0
14.5
18.8
16.2
634.7
491.6
574.3
5064
334
150
16.3
0.453
0.0299
42.1
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
22
0.087
17.6
13.6
17.0
15.0
662.6
527.9
611.7
5119
350
154
14.7
0.445
0.0302
40.0
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
38
0.067
16.8
13.0
16.4
14.4
687.7
546.7
628.4
5013
346
156
14.3
0.454
0.0313
36.7
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
56
0.087
16.4
12.8
15.8
14.0
697.6
557.5
639.9
4917
341
159
13.9
0.467
0.0325
35.1
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
48
0.067
17.0
13.1
16.7
14.5
681.4
532.6
616.2
4960
345
160
13.2
0.466
0.0325
36.4
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
46
0.059
17.0
12.9
16.6
14.4
687.1
533.9
617.7
5280
344
194
12.3
0.564
0.0367
38.3
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
49
0.057
17.2
12.9
16.9
14.5
688.2
524.8
612.5
5338
346
186
12.9
0.536
0.0348
38.9
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
53
0.065
17.4
13.0
17.4
14.7
684.5
510.7
604.0
5249
335
194
11.9
0.586
0.0369
38.8
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
48
0.075
17.4
12.8
17.4
14.7
692.6
511.0
606.9
5332
339
202
11.0
0.602
0.0379
39.2
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
33
0.037
17.7
13.1
17.4
14.9
675.7
510.0
598.5
5188
319
196
11.1
0.635
0.0379
38.6
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
35
0.046
17.6
13.1
16.9
14.7
672.7
522.7
604.0
5061
303
194
10.8
0.670
0.0384
37.1
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
58
0.069
17.6
12.9
16.9
14.7
681.2
523.3
606.4
5192
317
199
10.1
0.649
0.0383
37.9
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
56
0.043
17.0
12.4
16.4
14.1
717.3
541.8
628.6
5500
350
210
10.0
0.600
0.0382
38.9
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
157
0.099
18.8
13.7
18.0
15.6
641.8
491.7
568.9
4761
275
173
10.8
0.652
0.0364
37.2
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
260
0.162
19.3
13.9
18.5
16.0
637.4
477.1
557.2
4652
263
191
10.6
0.747
0.0409
37.1
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
378
0.181
19.5
14.1
18.6
16.1
627.1
476.9
551.7
4629
265
198
10.2
0.764
0.0426
37.3
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
293
0.138
19.3
13.8
18.3
15.8
636.5
483.4
561.1
4678
272
214
10.1
0.815
0.0457
37.0
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
483
0.206
18.5
13.1
17.6
15.2
670.5
502.9
585.3
4932
297
231
9.8
0.795
0.0467
37.4
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
416
0.165
18.9
13.4
17.8
15.5
656.5
495.6
574.5
4935
282
228
9.5
0.826
0.0463
38.3
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
435
0.161
19.0
13.6
17.5
15.5
650.5
506.3
574.8
4960
281
242
9.0
0.873
0.0489
38.2
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
856
0.239
19.7
13.7
18.5
16.0
644.2
479.3
555.2
4842
271
244
9.0
0.907
0.0506
38.7
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
846
0.237
19.3
13.4
18.1
15.6
661.4
488.7
568.0
5111
282
255
8.9
0.914
0.0504
39.9
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
913
0.224
19.5
13.5
18.1
15.8
656.0
486.7
564.1
5012
284
258
CO
CO
0.913
0.0519
39.4
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
650
0.199
19.9
13.6
18.6
16.0
650.1
475.0
553.8
5083
280
266
8.6
0.954
0.0523
40.8
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
532
0.177
20.0
13.7
18.9
16.2
647.2
468.9
548.7
4993
273
260
8.7
0.954
0.0521
40.4
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
603
0.182
20.5
14.0
19.3
16.6
632.7
457.4
535.7
5293
288
276
8.7
0.961
0.0523
43.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-21
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2009
0.9%
90.8%
8.3%
20.2%
79.8%
100.0%
83.9%
0.1%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2010
0.8%
2.9%
86.7%
9.6%
35.7%
64.3%
100.0%
86.7%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2011
0.7%
88.9%
10.4%
40.1%
59.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2012
99.3%
0.7%
45.6%
54.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2013
88.5%
11.5%
24.5%
75.5%
100.0%
95.6%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2014
86.3%
13.7%
38.6%
61.4%
100.0%
94.5%
0.5%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2015
86.9%
13.1%
32.9%
67.1%
100.0%
97.9%
0.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2016
90.8%
9.2%
50.7%
49.3%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2017
88.6%
11.4%
64.5%
35.5%
100.0%
99.1%
0.0%
Truck SUV
Front Wheel Drive
2018
0.6%
89.9%
9.5%
67.6%
32.4%
100.0%
98.1%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
15.1%
84.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
20.1%
79.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
17.5%
82.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
24.2%
75.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
17.2%
81.3%
1.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
15.1%
0.8%
84.1%
100.0%
0.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
7.6%
92.4%
62.1%
37.9%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
4.9%
95.1%
71.3%
28.7%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
11.2%
88.8%
86.3%
13.7%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
29.6%
70.4%
93.5%
6.5%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
9.0%
91.0%
94.8%
5.2%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
8.6%
91.4%
20.5%
76.8%
2.7%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
5.6%
94.4%
1.2%
96.6%
2.2%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
3.5%
5.9%
90.6%
98.2%
1.8%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
1.6%
10.0%
88.4%
5.1%
93.2%
1.7%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
5.5%
5.4%
89.1%
17.9%
79.9%
2.2%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
8.0%
0.1%
91.9%
30.0%
70.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
4.7%
95.3%
21.0%
79.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
12.3%
87.7%
58.9%
41.1%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
22.4%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%
26.2%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
31.6%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
21.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
24.6%
1.3%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
31.1%
10.6%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
29.6%
17.7%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
37.8%
23.3%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
41.6%
30.1%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
53.3%
41.9%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
60.5%
53.8%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
0.2%
99.8%
99.9%
0.1%
34.0%
32.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-22
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
436
0.142
20.7
14.0
19.6
16.8
627.5
450.3
530.2
5197
51.6
284
282
8.6
0.991
0.0542
43.5
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
129
0.075
21.0
14.2
19.9
17.0
620.0
444.2
523.8
5339
52.7
293
287
8.3
0.979
0.0535
45.3
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
187
0.081
21.5
14.5
20.3
17.4
605.5
435.0
512.0
5288
52.0
283
274
8.5
0.973
0.0518
45.8
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
273
0.089
22.2
15.0
20.8
17.9
587.4
424.5
497.5
5331
53.1
281
299
8.0
1.078
0.0561
47.6
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
176
0.064
22.0
14.9
20.8
17.8
593.1
423.4
500.3
5475
54.4
294
315
7.9
1.089
0.0579
48.6
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
193
0.058
22.3
15.1
20.9
17.9
584.8
422.0
495.8
5552
55.0
296
319
7.8
1.100
0.0577
49.7
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
200
0.054
23.7
16.0
22.3
19.0
548.6
393.7
466.6
5237
53.8
270
309
7.5
1.180
0.0594
49.9
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
303
0.064
24.1
16.2
22.9
19.4
546.0
386.8
458.2
5436
54.8
276
329
7.4
1.222
0.0606
52.7
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
241
0.051
24.4
16.5
22.7
19.5
535.8
389.2
455.3
5422
54.6
279
332
7.4
1.222
0.0611
53.0
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
267
0.049
24.3
16.3
22.8
19.5
539.2
385.0
456.3
5573
54.8
271
336
7.3
1.281
0.0603
54.4
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.047
25.0
16.7
23.1
19.8
526.1
382.4
448.0
5483
54.5
265
335
7.2
1.306
0.0609
54.6
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1975
158
0.889
12.9
10.6
11.5
11.0
814.5
739.7
810.2
4169
329
146
0.440
0.0361
22.6
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1976
208
0.895
13.9
11.3
12.5
11.8
772.2
696.2
753.8
4293
337
140
0.412
0.0332
25.1
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1977
234
0.884
15.2
12.3
13.7
12.9
710.3
636.5
689.4
4201
335
143
0.425
0.0345
26.9
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1978
336
0.924
14.5
11.7
13.2
12.3
747.3
660.7
721.3
4251
342
149
13.2
0.433
0.0353
26.0
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1979
278
0.722
13.0
10.8
11.4
11.1
798.5
751.6
804.3
4329
325
143
14.5
0.442
0.0336
23.9
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1980
164
0.889
15.7
12.6
14.2
13.3
678.1
608.2
669.6
4135
289
127
15.8
0.451
0.0306
27.6
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1981
123
0.905
16.9
13.5
15.6
14.4
636.3
551.6
617.8
4135
286
128
15.4
0.456
0.0313
29.8
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1982
129
0.862
17.0
13.6
15.8
14.5
646.9
551.3
622.6
4403
300
130
16.8
0.443
0.0300
32.7
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1983
233
0.913
18.6
14.6
17.8
15.9
594.8
483.4
563.6
4188
257
124
15.5
0.513
0.0300
33.8
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1984
531
0.933
19.2
15.1
18.2
16.3
568.5
469.1
545.0
3979
223
119
15.7
0.561
0.0299
33.0
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1985
592
0.913
19.7
15.4
19.1
16.8
561.6
448.6
528.9
4014
210
120
15.6
0.594
0.0297
34.2
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1986
666
0.933
20.3
15.9
19.3
17.3
538.8
447.2
516.0
3886
200
125
14.0
0.666
0.0323
33.8
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1987
733
0.941
20.7
16.0
19.7
17.5
532.2
435.3
508.4
3795
204
134
13.6
0.688
0.0352
33.3
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1988
810
0.943
20.4
15.7
19.3
17.2
541.2
443.7
516.9
3819
214
142
13.3
0.691
0.0370
32.9
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1989
765
0.935
19.8
15.2
18.7
16.7
565.2
461.7
532.4
4005
237
153
12.4
0.671
0.0385
33.6
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1990
594
0.925
19.8
15.0
18.8
16.6
571.2
463.2
535.5
3998
226
151
11.7
0.701
0.0381
33.2
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1991
839
0.963
20.1
15.1
19.2
16.8
579.6
458.4
528.6
4117
230
160
11.6
0.712
0.0391
34.7
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1992
726
0.954
19.5
14.5
18.6
16.3
600.1
471.9
545.8
4162
232
168
11.1
0.741
0.0409
33.9
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1993
780
0.931
19.7
14.6
18.7
16.4
595.5
467.8
541.0
4267
239
177
10.1
0.761
0.0421
35.0
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1994
1235
0.957
19.4
14.4
18.3
16.1
609.1
479.4
551.9
4278
240
179
10.1
0.763
0.0422
34.5
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1995
1439
0.901
19.4
14.3
18.2
16.0
612.8
480.9
554.0
4275
241
178
10.4
0.761
0.0420
34.3
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1996
1343
0.838
19.7
14.3
18.7
16.3
612.3
468.8
545.8
4335
258
188
10.5
0.744
0.0436
35.3
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1997
1711
0.819
19.6
14.2
18.4
16.1
613.9
478.6
550.7
4427
253
189
10.5
0.765
0.0427
35.7
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1998
1834
0.862
19.7
14.2
18.6
16.2
613.4
471.0
548.1
4414
249
188
10.8
0.781
0.0428
35.8
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1999
1859
0.794
20.0
14.3
18.6
16.3
605.7
472.4
544.5
4411
241
197
10.5
0.847
0.0448
36.0
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2000
2110
0.835
19.8
14.1
18.3
16.1
616.1
479.3
551.4
4536
247
202
10.1
0.842
0.0446
36.5
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2001
2072
0.765
20.2
14.4
18.5
16.4
604.1
471.4
541.9
4472
232
208
9.7
0.930
0.0466
36.6
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2002
2672
0.745
20.2
14.2
18.6
16.3
614.8
469.4
543.9
4585
238
224
9.5
0.962
0.0489
37.4
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2003
2631
0.737
20.5
14.3
19.0
16.6
608.2
460.6
536.3
4670
239
228
9.4
0.978
0.0489
38.6
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2004
3048
0.748
20.6
14.2
19.1
16.6
615.0
458.2
535.8
4705
245
236
9.2
0.988
0.0502
39.0
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2005
2525
0.772
20.9
14.4
19.2
16.8
605.3
454.8
529.2
4702
238
240
9.0
1.030
0.0509
39.5
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2006
2320
0.772
21.5
14.8
19.7
17.2
584.4
444.4
516.6
4683
231
237
9.1
1.040
0.0504
40.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-23
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
0.4%
98.7%
0.9%
99.9%
0.1%
45.1%
38.0%
0.9%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
0.2%
97.8%
2.0%
100.0%
22.6%
28.6%
2.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
0.1%
99.6%
0.3%
100.0%
42.8%
57.7%
0.3%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
0.1%
99.7%
0.2%
2.3%
97.7%
54.4%
88.8%
0.2%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
99.8%
0.2%
3.8%
96.2%
62.5%
100.0%
0.2%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
99.8%
0.2%
7.8%
92.2%
52.7%
100.0%
0.2%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
100.0%
12.2%
87.8%
37.7%
98.7%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
100.0%
59.6%
40.1%
0.3%
56.4%
99.7%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
100.0%
66.0%
33.8%
0.1%
54.1%
99.9%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
100.0%
67.6%
32.4%
64.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
100.0%
65.3%
34.2%
0.4%
69.6%
99.6%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1975
42.9%
57.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1976
33.6%
66.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1977
34.6%
65.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1978
32.8%
67.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1979
39.2%
60.8%
99.7%
0.3%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1980
47.2%
34.0%
18.8%
97.4%
2.6%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1981
45.0%
19.8%
35.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1982
37.0%
25.6%
37.4%
86.8%
13.2%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1983
37.0%
14.5%
48.2%
0.4%
94.4%
5.6%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1984
32.5%
30.1%
37.4%
98.3%
1.7%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1985
32.3%
12.1%
55.6%
92.9%
4.8%
1.1%
1.2%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1986
41.7%
7.4%
50.9%
48.7%
27.8%
22.1%
1.4%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1987
42.1%
9.5%
48.5%
28.2%
35.1%
36.3%
0.3%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1988
36.6%
8.2%
55.3%
18.6%
50.2%
31.1%
0.2%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1989
27.5%
8.6%
63.8%
7.4%
49.5%
42.9%
0.2%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1990
31.3%
3.6%
65.0%
5.6%
60.9%
33.3%
0.2%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1991
22.4%
1.6%
76.0%
0.4%
63.9%
35.5%
0.1%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1992
22.4%
0.9%
76.7%
76.7%
23.3%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1993
20.2%
1.0%
78.8%
87.5%
12.5%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1994
15.9%
84.1%
88.5%
11.5%
14.0%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1995
15.3%
84.7%
87.8%
12.2%
16.8%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1996
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
0.0%
11.8%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1997
11.0%
89.0%
100.0%
0.0%
17.5%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1998
8.5%
91.5%
100.0%
0.0%
20.4%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
1999
7.3%
92.7%
100.0%
27.8%
3.7%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2000
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
22.3%
2.8%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2001
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
43.5%
14.9%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2002
4.1%
95.8%
0.1%
100.0%
47.6%
25.7%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2003
2.9%
95.4%
1.8%
100.0%
54.3%
34.3%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2004
2.8%
95.8%
1.4%
100.0%
0.0%
55.6%
39.3%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2005
2.7%
95.4%
1.9%
99.7%
0.3%
65.7%
50.2%
0.3%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2006
2.9%
91.9%
5.1%
99.7%
0.3%
70.0%
59.1%
3.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-24
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2007
2497
0.753
22.1
15.2
20.3
17.7
572.5
430.8
501.1
4722
233
249
9.0
1.087
0.0524
42.0
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2008
2327
0.757
22.8
15.6
20.8
18.2
554.1
420.7
488.6
4673
48.0
224
245
9.0
1.111
0.0521
42.7
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2009
1285
0.750
24.3
16.6
22.2
19.4
522.2
394.9
458.9
4471
47.6
205
238
CO
CO
1.169
0.0528
43.5
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2010
1792
0.777
24.9
17.0
22.6
19.8
508.1
386.0
449.1
4490
47.5
207
239
CO
CO
1.169
0.0529
44.8
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2011
2373
0.773
25.0
17.1
22.8
19.9
506.8
383.5
446.4
4612
48.9
212
251
8.7
1.200
0.0540
46.1
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2012
2214
0.799
25.3
17.2
23.0
20.1
503.1
380.1
442.7
4567
48.7
209
255
8.5
1.234
0.0554
46.1
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2013
2662
0.804
26.6
18.0
24.1
21.0
478.2
361.5
423.0
4518
48.9
198
251
8.5
1.296
0.0550
47.7
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2014
3031
0.818
27.7
18.7
25.0
21.9
461.2
348.1
407.4
4415
48.4
189
244
8.5
1.309
0.0546
48.5
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2015
3871
0.824
28.3
19.1
25.4
22.3
450.4
341.6
399.7
4456
48.6
191
246
8.5
1.314
0.0545
49.9
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2016
3938
0.833
28.7
19.4
25.7
22.6
441.0
338.0
394.0
4422
48.4
185
246
8.4
1.361
0.0548
50.3
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2017
4415
0.817
28.8
19.5
25.9
22.7
438.6
333.7
391.6
4448
48.8
182
250
8.3
1.415
0.0554
51.0
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.831
29.9
20.2
26.2
23.2
424.3
332.1
382.7
4394
48.4
173
244
8.3
1.482
0.0549
51.4
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1975
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1976
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1977
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1978
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1979
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1980
26
0.018
31.3
24.8
29.4
26.7
359.7
309.5
348.5
2265
94
65
18.3
0.685
0.0286
32.0
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1981
33
0.023
36.9
29.1
34.8
31.4
328.7
278.3
309.8
2318
99
59
19.1
0.592
0.0253
37.1
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1982
32
0.022
33.0
25.8
31.7
28.1
347.7
290.1
327.8
2439
119
72
18.5
0.605
0.0295
35.1
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1983
31
0.019
31.1
23.8
31.0
26.5
372.7
282.1
335.7
2604
133
89
15.1
0.665
0.0341
34.8
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1984
12
0.006
28.1
21.2
28.6
24.0
417.0
309.0
370.2
2640
135
90
14.6
0.667
0.0342
31.7
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1985
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1986
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1987
0
0.000
20.0
14.5
21.4
17.0
611.9
415.9
521.3
4000
249
135
13.5
0.542
0.0338
34.1
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1988
0
0.000
20.8
15.2
21.9
17.7
586.4
405.7
501.8
4000
275
155
12.4
0.564
0.0388
35.4
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1989
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1990
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1991
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1992
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1993
0
0.000
20.9
14.4
22.7
17.6
616.0
391.7
504.2
4500
299
200
9.3
0.669
0.0444
39.7
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1994
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1995
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1996
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1997
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1998
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1999
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2000
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2001
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2002
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2003
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2004
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2005
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-25
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2007
2.5%
91.8%
5.7%
99.7%
0.3%
65.2%
55.7%
1.4%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2008
2.0%
91.6%
6.4%
2.6%
96.8%
0.6%
73.0%
59.7%
2.7%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2009
1.3%
86.6%
12.1%
5.4%
93.8%
0.8%
84.3%
69.6%
1.8%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2010
2.2%
0.5%
85.5%
11.8%
9.1%
90.1%
0.8%
83.8%
85.0%
1.9%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2011
1.4%
0.0%
85.7%
12.9%
12.1%
86.8%
1.1%
84.1%
91.7%
0.8%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2012
2.1%
85.6%
12.3%
14.7%
83.7%
1.6%
89.4%
94.7%
0.8%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2013
1.5%
83.2%
15.3%
23.8%
75.1%
1.1%
93.0%
98.6%
0.8%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2014
1.5%
80.2%
18.4%
26.3%
72.4%
1.3%
89.4%
97.8%
0.7%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2015
1.2%
0.4%
73.3%
25.1%
36.6%
62.2%
1.2%
92.9%
98.6%
0.6%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2016
1.1%
0.3%
74.0%
24.7%
48.3%
51.0%
0.7%
94.5%
99.3%
1.6%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2017
0.8%
0.6%
74.2%
24.4%
46.3%
53.5%
0.3%
95.3%
99.6%
2.1%
Truck SUV
Four Wheel Drive
2018
1.4%
0.5%
76.6%
21.6%
52.1%
47.0%
0.9%
96.0%
97.5%
4.2%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1975
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1976
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1977
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1978
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1979
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1980
94.0%
6.0%
57.3%
42.7%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1981
100.0%
27.2%
72.8%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1982
77.4%
22.6%
55.3%
10.7%
34.0%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1983
55.7%
44.3%
94.5%
2.8%
2.7%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1984
71.0%
29.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1985
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1986
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1987
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1988
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1989
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1990
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1991
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1992
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1993
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1994
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1995
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1996
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1997
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1998
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
1999
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2000
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2001
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2002
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2003
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2004
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2005
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-26
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2006
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2007
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2008
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2009
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2010
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2011
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2012
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2013
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2014
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2015
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2016
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2017
11
0.005
28.2
18.7
26.7
22.5
475.4
333.1
394.3
4500
57.6
214
280
7.6
1.311
0.0622
50.7
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.003
28.2
18.7
26.4
22.4
475.1
336.8
396.2
4500
57.4
214
280
7.6
1.311
0.0622
50.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
1161
0.865
14.5
11.4
13.8
12.4
736.7
601.8
719.2
3885
299
139
0.499
0.0355
24.6
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
1476
0.791
15.4
12.3
14.2
13.1
687.7
580.9
680.2
3948
305
136
0.476
0.0343
26.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
1593
0.786
16.8
13.5
15.3
14.2
620.5
535.2
624.4
3928
299
142
0.508
0.0359
28.7
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
1656
0.730
16.7
13.6
15.0
14.2
616.7
544.1
627.7
3901
291
138
13.3
0.506
0.0352
28.6
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
1930
0.874
15.5
12.7
13.8
13.2
666.6
595.6
676.7
4170
291
136
14.9
0.495
0.0327
28.1
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
1108
0.771
20.1
16.0
18.6
17.1
537.3
459.0
523.6
3689
235
117
15.4
0.545
0.0318
31.8
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
1164
0.808
21.1
16.7
19.6
17.9
511.9
436.5
498.9
3708
243
117
15.4
0.511
0.0316
33.7
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
1154
0.801
22.0
17.4
20.6
18.7
492.9
416.1
479.9
3595
230
117
16.3
0.542
0.0326
34.2
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
1239
0.761
22.6
17.9
21.3
19.2
474.7
396.8
463.8
3463
210
112
15.1
0.564
0.0320
34.0
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
1526
0.747
22.1
17.4
20.9
18.8
487.8
404.8
474.4
3519
212
112
15.0
0.562
0.0318
33.6
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
1550
0.746
21.9
17.3
20.6
18.7
485.6
406.8
476.4
3527
218
121
14.1
0.585
0.0340
33.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
1895
0.748
23.0
18.1
21.6
19.5
471.2
393.2
455.5
3439
202
117
13.5
0.619
0.0340
33.9
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
1598
0.745
23.5
18.2
22.2
19.9
468.2
382.7
447.1
3386
195
119
13.6
0.635
0.0348
34.0
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
1760
0.716
22.5
17.3
21.4
19.0
493.5
400.0
467.6
3578
220
130
13.3
0.620
0.0360
34.2
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
1586
0.711
22.2
16.9
21.0
18.7
503.6
407.4
476.3
3633
226
137
12.4
0.630
0.0373
34.1
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
1322
0.721
21.7
16.4
20.7
18.2
516.8
414.1
487.3
3759
236
146
11.3
0.651
0.0386
34.6
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
1444
0.752
22.9
17.1
21.8
19.1
500.2
396.0
464.5
3608
222
139
11.5
0.656
0.0383
34.7
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
1356
0.737
21.9
16.3
21.1
18.3
527.7
410.8
485.2
3810
235
145
11.2
0.645
0.0380
35.1
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
1449
0.724
22.2
16.3
21.2
18.5
526.8
408.4
481.2
3825
234
150
10.3
0.668
0.0391
35.4
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
1886
0.707
22.3
16.3
21.1
18.4
526.1
410.9
481.8
3861
235
156
10.2
0.695
0.0403
35.8
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
1521
0.670
21.8
15.9
20.7
18.0
536.9
415.9
492.4
3960
239
158
10.3
0.703
0.0399
36.1
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
1382
0.707
22.0
15.9
20.8
18.1
538.1
413.8
489.8
3992
235
167
10.6
0.744
0.0416
36.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
1573
0.653
21.9
15.7
20.7
18.0
548.4
420.2
493.6
4123
244
184
10.2
0.770
0.0440
37.3
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
1574
0.652
22.3
15.9
21.0
18.2
542.7
414.2
487.3
4021
231
177
10.6
0.788
0.0436
36.9
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
1392
0.547
21.5
15.3
20.3
17.6
567.9
431.0
505.1
4113
241
186
10.4
0.787
0.0448
36.3
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
1609
0.616
21.6
15.3
20.1
17.5
570.6
436.4
506.4
4112
237
190
9.9
0.810
0.0455
36.1
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
1544
0.613
20.7
14.6
19.2
16.8
597.2
456.5
528.0
4341
252
204
9.6
0.818
0.0464
36.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
1372
0.576
20.5
14.5
18.8
16.6
604.8
467.9
536.4
4473
256
214
9.5
0.841
0.0475
37.0
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
1498
0.605
21.0
14.7
19.2
16.9
593.8
456.7
525.5
4444
247
206
9.7
0.843
0.0459
37.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
1344
0.537
20.4
14.2
18.6
16.4
614.8
471.3
541.8
4712
267
234
9.2
0.878
0.0492
38.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-27
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2006
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2007
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2008
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2009
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2010
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2011
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2012
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2013
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2014
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2015
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2016
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Front Wheel Drive
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1975
41.5%
58.5%
100.0%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1976
40.3%
59.7%
100.0%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1977
39.0%
61.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1978
40.0%
60.0%
98.4%
1.6%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1979
36.3%
62.2%
1.5%
97.2%
2.8%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1980
55.8%
20.9%
23.4%
95.7%
4.3%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1981
52.6%
16.5%
31.0%
93.8%
6.2%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1982
49.4%
17.7%
32.9%
90.2%
9.8%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1983
53.3%
15.4%
31.1%
0.2%
95.7%
0.0%
4.3%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1984
52.1%
15.0%
32.9%
96.0%
1.3%
2.7%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1985
47.9%
15.9%
36.2%
82.2%
11.0%
5.7%
1.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1986
56.7%
12.5%
30.8%
63.3%
18.6%
17.5%
0.6%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1987
58.0%
13.6%
28.4%
43.0%
23.7%
33.1%
0.3%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1988
51.5%
10.6%
37.9%
21.0%
30.1%
48.7%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1989
52.5%
6.0%
41.5%
13.5%
34.0%
52.4%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1990
46.2%
4.7%
49.1%
8.3%
52.0%
39.6%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1991
53.7%
1.4%
44.9%
4.2%
46.1%
49.6%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1992
48.3%
1.1%
50.6%
4.4%
57.4%
38.1%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1993
45.2%
1.1%
53.7%
2.9%
60.6%
36.5%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1994
42.3%
1.3%
56.4%
1.1%
72.5%
26.4%
0.7%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1995
45.2%
1.3%
53.4%
72.9%
27.1%
3.6%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1996
38.5%
1.9%
59.6%
0.0%
99.9%
0.1%
11.7%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1997
31.2%
68.8%
100.0%
0.0%
7.5%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1998
31.3%
2.3%
66.3%
100.0%
0.0%
10.3%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
1999
22.6%
1.7%
75.7%
100.0%
¦5J-
co
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2000
20.4%
1.3%
78.3%
100.0%
12.3%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2001
14.5%
1.4%
84.1%
100.0%
13.8%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2002
11.4%
1.5%
87.1%
100.0%
21.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2003
12.3%
1.5%
86.2%
100.0%
15.8%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2004
8.6%
1.8%
89.6%
100.0%
30.2%
13.5%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-28
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
1226
0.533
20.4
14.0
18.8
16.4
624.9
467.7
542.7
4752
272
247
CO
CO
0.910
0.0518
38.9
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
1185
0.542
20.9
14.4
19.1
16.8
610.0
458.7
530.3
4747
267
242
9.0
0.911
0.0507
39.7
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
1154
0.546
20.9
14.3
19.3
16.8
613.8
457.9
529.9
4915
273
251
9.1
0.920
0.0508
41.2
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
942
0.525
21.4
14.6
19.7
17.1
596.6
446.0
518.4
4929
62.3
271
259
9.1
0.951
0.0520
42.4
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
489
0.494
21.9
15.0
20.3
17.6
585.2
433.8
504.8
4935
61.8
272
261
8.7
0.963
0.0524
43.3
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
549
0.430
21.9
15.0
20.3
17.6
587.2
434.6
505.2
4996
61.9
274
269
8.6
0.984
0.0534
43.8
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
588
0.397
22.4
15.3
20.7
18.0
574.2
425.2
494.2
4954
62.1
263
277
8.4
1.058
0.0552
44.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
510
0.376
22.2
15.2
20.7
17.9
579.3
426.8
496.5
5035
62.7
274
297
8.1
1.087
0.0584
45.0
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
581
0.368
22.7
15.5
21.1
18.2
568.9
419.6
487.6
5108
64.0
271
305
8.0
1.131
0.0591
46.6
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
677
0.351
23.6
16.0
21.9
18.9
551.4
403.8
470.5
5161
64.9
281
315
7.7
1.132
0.0607
48.8
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
591
0.331
24.6
16.7
22.7
19.7
528.8
389.1
452.7
4921
63.7
261
303
7.7
1.195
0.0611
48.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
628
0.329
24.9
16.9
23.0
19.9
521.7
383.9
446.9
4865
63.1
249
303
7.6
1.256
0.0619
48.5
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
612
0.298
24.7
16.7
22.9
19.8
526.0
386.8
450.1
4954
63.5
258
309
7.6
1.235
0.0619
49.0
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.320
25.5
17.3
23.4
20.3
511.2
378.7
438.8
4916
63.5
252
322
7.2
1.337
0.0652
50.0
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1975
182
0.135
11.4
9.3
10.2
9.7
937.8
852.7
916.6
4822
353
154
0.437
0.0322
23.6
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1976
390
0.209
12.4
10.1
11.2
10.5
876.7
786.5
843.4
4780
359
154
0.428
0.0323
25.3
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1977
433
0.214
13.6
11.1
12.1
11.5
793.9
724.1
769.7
4695
363
164
0.452
0.0351
27.2
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1978
612
0.270
13.5
11.1
12.0
11.5
785.1
716.6
775.7
4654
348
161
13.5
0.468
0.0345
26.8
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1979
277
0.126
15.6
13.0
14.2
13.5
627.7
558.3
657.4
3947
260
132
15.2
0.551
0.0325
27.3
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1980
302
0.211
16.9
13.6
15.4
14.3
623.1
545.9
619.7
4054
251
126
15.8
0.552
0.0308
29.1
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1981
243
0.168
19.6
15.7
18.1
16.7
540.2
465.1
533.8
3732
224
115
15.8
0.561
0.0307
31.4
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1982
255
0.177
19.7
15.8
18.2
16.8
548.2
470.8
535.7
3934
236
119
16.7
0.552
0.0306
33.5
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1983
359
0.221
20.3
16.1
19.0
17.3
535.5
451.0
516.8
3901
224
117
15.5
0.564
0.0301
34.1
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1984
505
0.247
19.7
15.6
18.4
16.8
550.1
463.6
532.2
3943
226
120
15.3
0.564
0.0302
33.5
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1985
528
0.254
19.9
15.7
18.7
16.9
543.0
456.5
525.8
3981
230
129
14.4
0.597
0.0323
34.1
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1986
638
0.252
20.2
15.9
18.9
17.1
540.3
455.8
518.8
3974
219
130
13.7
0.634
0.0327
34.4
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1987
548
0.255
20.0
15.7
18.7
16.9
551.3
459.8
524.9
3937
222
137
13.4
0.648
0.0347
33.6
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1988
699
0.284
19.3
14.9
18.2
16.3
580.3
473.0
546.4
4137
253
156
12.8
0.644
0.0375
33.9
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1989
645
0.289
19.0
14.6
17.9
16.0
595.7
486.9
556.0
4221
259
158
12.3
0.638
0.0372
33.9
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1990
512
0.279
18.6
14.0
17.7
15.6
618.7
494.4
570.5
4364
273
166
11.3
0.637
0.0380
34.2
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1991
477
0.248
18.9
14.2
17.9
15.8
609.3
487.7
562.1
4299
263
167
11.3
0.666
0.0388
34.2
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1992
484
0.263
18.5
13.8
17.7
15.5
629.4
496.1
573.8
4443
272
167
11.3
0.638
0.0376
34.5
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1993
553
0.276
18.8
13.9
17.8
15.6
625.2
492.6
568.6
4444
270
172
10.4
0.661
0.0386
34.8
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1994
783
0.293
18.6
13.7
17.5
15.4
635.9
500.6
576.5
4528
279
180
10.1
0.668
0.0396
35.0
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1995
750
0.330
18.0
13.2
17.0
14.9
660.3
515.8
594.6
4633
292
186
10.3
0.655
0.0400
34.7
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1996
573
0.293
18.3
13.3
17.3
15.1
655.0
506.2
587.3
4668
291
204
10.2
0.719
0.0437
35.4
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1997
834
0.347
18.2
13.1
17.3
15.0
673.4
511.1
592.4
4965
302
218
10.1
0.729
0.0439
37.2
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1998
841
0.348
18.3
13.1
17.4
15.1
668.5
507.9
589.6
4771
291
213
10.3
0.745
0.0445
35.8
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1999
1153
0.453
18.2
13.1
17.0
14.9
670.5
521.3
594.8
4938
299
227
10.2
0.763
0.0459
36.8
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2000
1003
0.384
18.9
13.6
17.3
15.4
648.7
512.0
577.4
4705
284
224
9.6
0.791
0.0473
36.1
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2001
975
0.387
18.1
12.9
16.6
14.7
679.0
531.6
603.1
4885
296
235
9.3
0.802
0.0481
36.0
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2002
1008
0.424
18.2
12.9
16.7
14.8
682.9
530.9
601.9
4985
292
242
9.4
0.834
0.0486
36.8
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2003
976
0.395
18.5
13.1
16.9
14.9
675.2
523.9
594.5
4944
291
248
9.1
0.855
0.0500
36.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-29
March 2019
-------
oERA 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
•inMMam Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2005
7.2%
92.8%
100.0%
38.4%
35.8%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2006
7.8%
92.2%
100.0%
44.8%
42.6%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2007
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
36.6%
38.5%
0.0%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2008
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
38.4%
34.3%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2009
4.4%
95.4%
0.2%
100.0%
41.5%
34.1%
0.2%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2010
2.6%
97.2%
0.2%
100.0%
58.4%
60.9%
0.2%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2011
2.5%
97.4%
0.1%
4.8%
95.2%
54.0%
76.0%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2012
1.5%
98.5%
0.1%
5.5%
94.5%
58.3%
90.2%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2013
1.2%
98.8%
0.0%
7.5%
92.5%
63.8%
92.6%
0.0%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2014
0.7%
99.3%
39.7%
60.3%
51.7%
99.6%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2015
0.9%
99.1%
49.1%
49.8%
1.0%
59.0%
93.8%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2016
0.8%
99.2%
45.7%
53.4%
1.0%
68.5%
93.6%
0.1%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2017
0.5%
99.5%
45.8%
53.9%
0.3%
64.2%
95.2%
0.2%
Pickup
Rear Wheel Drive
2018
0.8%
99.2%
38.9%
59.0%
2.1%
69.4%
91.6%
0.3%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1975
38.4%
61.6%
100.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1976
33.3%
66.7%
100.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1977
24.7%
75.3%
100.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1978
30.2%
69.8%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1979
64.9%
35.1%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1980
66.8%
14.6%
18.6%
99.7%
0.3%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1981
76.4%
9.0%
14.7%
97.7%
2.3%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1982
71.4%
10.8%
17.7%
90.4%
9.6%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1983
66.6%
12.4%
19.9%
1.1%
95.2%
0.1%
4.8%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1984
62.7%
18.2%
19.1%
97.2%
0.1%
2.7%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1985
62.4%
11.4%
26.2%
84.6%
12.7%
1.1%
1.5%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1986
63.3%
7.3%
29.4%
52.5%
29.0%
17.7%
0.7%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1987
59.9%
10.0%
30.1%
34.4%
36.4%
28.8%
0.4%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1988
49.7%
9.4%
40.9%
3.8%
48.7%
47.1%
0.4%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1989
52.3%
6.1%
41.5%
1.5%
50.5%
47.8%
0.3%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1990
44.9%
3.5%
51.7%
53.5%
46.1%
0.3%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1991
47.5%
1.6%
50.8%
53.5%
46.1%
0.4%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1992
43.7%
0.1%
56.2%
59.7%
40.0%
0.3%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1993
40.5%
59.5%
62.9%
37.1%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1994
34.6%
65.4%
62.2%
37.8%
5.7%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1995
28.3%
71.7%
62.8%
37.2%
9.5%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1996
25.4%
74.5%
0.1%
99.6%
0.4%
17.1%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1997
14.0%
86.0%
99.9%
0.1%
5.3%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1998
19.9%
80.1%
99.9%
0.1%
13.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
1999
11.4%
88.6%
100.0%
0.0%
6.9%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2000
10.7%
89.3%
100.0%
13.3%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2001
8.0%
92.0%
100.0%
11.1%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2002
7.0%
93.0%
100.0%
13.2%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2003
7.3%
92.7%
100.0%
12.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-30
March 2019
-------
v>EPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
HP/
HP/
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
Ton-MPG
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2004
1161
0.463
18.7
13.1
17.0
15.0
676.0
520.7
591.3
5202
298
266
9.0
0.892
0.0511
39.0
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2005
1075
0.467
19.0
13.2
17.4
15.3
670.1
507.8
581.3
5257
298
274
CO
CO
0.926
0.0523
40.1
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2006
1003
0.458
19.3
13.4
17.6
15.5
660.9
502.7
574.7
5228
291
272
8.9
0.942
0.0522
40.3
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2007
960
0.454
19.3
13.3
17.7
15.5
664.7
499.6
573.4
5420
302
290
CO
CO
0.960
0.0534
41.9
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2008
852
0.475
19.6
13.5
18.1
15.8
655.5
487.4
562.6
5417
63.8
303
295
8.7
0.974
0.0544
42.7
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2009
501
0.506
20.2
13.9
18.7
16.3
637.0
473.5
546.4
5411
63.3
302
294
8.4
0.979
0.0543
43.9
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2010
728
0.570
20.3
13.9
18.8
16.3
637.3
469.1
544.1
5544
64.8
307
304
8.3
0.990
0.0548
45.3
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2011
891
0.603
20.8
14.2
19.4
16.8
621.0
455.0
529.7
5475
65.2
295
321
8.0
1.104
0.0584
46.0
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2012
847
0.624
20.8
14.2
19.5
16.8
620.0
454.1
528.5
5515
65.3
293
329
7.9
1.143
0.0594
46.5
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2013
996
0.632
21.1
14.4
19.8
17.1
612.9
446.9
520.9
5616
66.1
288
341
7.7
1.217
0.0605
48.0
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2014
1252
0.649
21.8
14.9
20.4
17.6
591.5
433.1
504.7
5660
66.9
299
344
7.6
1.173
0.0606
50.0
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2015
1195
0.669
22.9
15.7
21.2
18.4
566.2
417.1
483.8
5285
66.2
285
335
7.5
1.213
0.0634
48.9
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2016
1278
0.671
23.1
15.7
21.2
18.5
561.8
416.9
482.7
5291
65.3
274
335
7.4
1.271
0.0635
49.0
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2017
1432
0.697
23.2
15.8
21.4
18.6
558.3
413.6
479.8
5335
65.4
281
344
7.3
1.267
0.0645
49.6
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2018
-
0.677
23.6
16.1
21.6
18.8
549.8
409.7
473.7
5314
65.4
266
348
7.1
1.373
0.0657
50.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-31
March 2019
-------
oERA
0! PfOt«tfon
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table F: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Vehicle Type
Drive Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
VVT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small Midsize Large
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2004
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
34.9%
25.0%
0.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2005
4.0%
96.0%
100.0%
43.7%
42.9%
0.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2006
4.2%
95.8%
100.0%
54.1%
53.3%
0.2%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2007
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
44.2%
41.7%
0.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2008
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
44.5%
41.7%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2009
3.8%
95.9%
0.2%
100.0%
43.3%
39.5%
0.2%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2010
2.3%
97.7%
0.1%
100.0%
61.0%
63.3%
0.1%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2011
1.8%
98.1%
0.1%
9.5%
90.5%
47.5%
92.8%
0.1%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2012
1.5%
98.5%
0.0%
13.2%
86.8%
54.2%
97.3%
0.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2013
1.2%
98.8%
0.0%
19.9%
80.1%
60.7%
98.8%
0.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2014
0.7%
99.3%
47.9%
52.1%
47.2%
99.1%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2015
0.9%
99.1%
58.0%
39.8%
2.2%
50.8%
88.7%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2016
0.7%
99.3%
51.9%
45.2%
2.9%
59.5%
87.6%
0.0%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2017
1.1%
98.9%
52.0%
46.3%
1.7%
56.1%
91.1%
0.1%
Pickup
Four Wheel Drive
2018
0.4%
99.6%
41.6%
55.1%
3.3%
66.4%
89.0%
0.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
F-32
March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1978
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1979
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1980
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1981
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1982
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1983
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1984
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1985
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1986
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1987
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1988
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1989
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1990
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1991
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1992
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1993
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1994
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1995
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1996
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1997
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1998
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1999
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2000
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2001
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2002
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2004
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2005
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2006
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2008
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2009
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2010
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2011
0
0.000
75.5
52.3
52.9
52.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
4000
46.0
125.0
134
11.4
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2012
0
0.000
75.5
52.3
52.9
52.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
4000
46.0
125.0
134
11.4
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2013
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2014
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2015
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2016
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2017
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2018
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-l March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1978
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1979
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1980
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1981
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1982
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1983
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1984
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1985
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1986
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1987
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1988
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1989
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1990
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1991
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1992
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1993
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1994
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1995
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1996
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1997
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1998
Sedan/Wagon
A1
1999
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2000
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2001
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2002
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2004
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2005
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2006
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2008
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2009
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2010
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2011
0.0335
105.3
6581
13162
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2012
0.0335
105.3
6581
13162
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2013
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2014
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2015
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2016
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2017
Sedan/Wagon
A1
2018
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-2 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1978
8125
0.727
18.6
14.6
17.8
15.9
590.9
487.4
559.8
3819
114.4
283
134
13.6
0.493
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1979
7462
0.691
19.0
15.0
17.8
16.2
576.0
489.0
551.2
3729
115.0
269
129
14.3
0.501
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1980
4814
0.510
22.3
17.6
21.2
19.0
493.6
412.2
468.6
3215
107.8
203
106
15.6
0.562
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1981
3027
0.347
24.4
19.2
22.9
20.7
451.1
380.6
429.6
2958
106.5
165
95
16.1
0.621
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1982
1251
0.160
27.9
22.3
25.8
23.7
393.3
338.9
375.5
2679
101.1
124
84
18.1
0.684
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1983
1158
0.145
28.2
22.6
25.9
24.0
383.5
337.3
370.9
2749
106.1
130
85
16.5
0.670
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1984
1667
0.156
28.3
22.4
26.5
24.1
391.8
331.7
369.1
2741
106.0
129
88
15.9
0.691
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1985
1798
0.167
28.8
22.8
26.9
24.5
383.1
325.2
362.7
2764
105.8
129
99
14.6
0.769
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1986
1743
0.158
28.8
22.7
26.8
24.4
383.7
326.7
364.7
2778
105.5
130
97
14.3
0.756
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1987
1498
0.140
28.2
21.9
26.5
23.9
397.3
330.0
372.4
2763
105.1
130
97
14.5
0.752
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1988
892
0.083
28.7
22.3
26.7
24.2
389.4
327.1
367.7
2792
103.4
125
98
14.6
0.795
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1989
815
0.081
28.8
22.2
26.5
24.1
390.0
329.5
368.9
2819
102.8
126
97
14.3
0.774
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1990
535
0.061
28.8
22.1
26.5
24.0
393.9
331.1
369.5
2869
101.6
129
98
13.3
0.774
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1991
368
0.043
27.3
20.8
25.1
22.7
411.1
343.6
391.7
2834
99.5
125
96
13.7
0.784
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1992
394
0.049
29.3
22.0
27.0
24.3
389.9
321.3
366.4
2799
99.2
126
98
13.3
0.797
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1993
351
0.042
29.5
22.1
27.1
24.3
393.1
322.7
365.1
2819
100.6
128
96
12.5
0.767
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1994
267
0.032
30.6
22.7
27.9
25.1
377.4
310.6
353.8
2735
100.2
120
91
12.7
0.784
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1995
67
0.007
36.8
27.5
32.2
29.7
322.6
276.2
298.8
2358
99.8
84
80
13.6
0.945
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1996
71
0.009
36.7
27.2
32.0
29.5
326.5
277.5
301.0
2322
99.9
94
77
14.0
0.818
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1997
49
0.006
37.2
27.4
32.3
29.8
324.4
275.6
298.6
2250
90.5
79
70
14.7
0.886
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1998
20
0.003
37.5
27.4
32.4
29.8
324.7
274.3
297.8
2250
89.7
79
79
13.9
1.000
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1999
17
0.002
37.4
27.0
32.3
29.6
328.8
275.4
300.0
2250
87.8
79
79
13.8
1.000
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2000
26
0.003
37.4
26.8
32.1
29.5
331.2
277.0
301.7
2250
87.8
79
79
13.3
1.000
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2001
19
0.002
37.3
26.5
32.0
29.3
335.5
277.4
303.6
2250
87.6
80
79
13.0
0.990
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2002
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2004
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2005
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2006
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2008
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2009
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2010
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2011
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2012
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2013
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2014
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2015
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2016
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2017
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2018
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1976
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-3 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1978
0.0347
30.4
1845
3490
3.9%
96.1%
96.3%
3.2%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1979
0.0343
30.2
1882
3488
5.6%
94.4%
95.1%
3.0%
1.9%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1980
0.0328
30.6
2075
3316
29.3%
0.8%
69.9%
92.9%
3.9%
0.9%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1981
0.0321
30.7
2238
3279
56.9%
0.0%
43.1%
87.1%
5.9%
5.1%
1.8%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1982
0.0311
31.9
2434
3239
76.5%
23.5%
89.3%
8.9%
0.1%
1.8%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1983
0.0309
33.1
2588
3522
76.1%
5.6%
18.3%
84.9%
7.0%
7.1%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1984
0.0321
33.1
2578
3510
94.0%
0.4%
5.7%
74.3%
13.1%
12.2%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1985
0.0356
34.0
2626
3600
92.8%
1.1%
6.1%
47.0%
18.0%
34.9%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1986
0.0348
34.0
2608
3584
92.0%
1.8%
6.2%
34.7%
22.6%
42.7%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1987
0.0349
33.1
2538
3478
96.0%
2.4%
1.6%
21.0%
22.2%
56.9%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1988
0.0350
33.9
2540
3502
96.9%
1.7%
1.4%
8.4%
54.3%
37.3%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1989
0.0341
34.0
2526
3500
95.9%
2.8%
1.3%
4.9%
64.8%
30.3%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1990
0.0341
34.6
2480
3517
97.9%
1.0%
1.1%
73.6%
26.4%
5.8%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1991
0.0334
32.4
2314
3217
97.8%
1.2%
1.0%
79.6%
20.4%
11.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1992
0.0345
34.1
2454
3378
97.8%
1.6%
0.6%
77.4%
22.6%
9.3%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1993
0.0338
34.4
2483
3460
99.4%
0.6%
0.0%
85.4%
14.6%
13.3%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1994
0.0330
34.4
2574
3451
99.8%
0.2%
81.1%
18.9%
13.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1995
0.0336
35.0
2971
3499
100.0%
43.4%
56.6%
43.4%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1996
0.0329
34.3
2950
3422
100.0%
30.8%
69.2%
30.8%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1997
0.0311
33.5
2693
3030
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1998
0.0351
33.6
2678
3013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
1999
0.0351
33.3
2602
2927
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2000
0.0351
33.1
2587
2911
7.1%
92.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2001
0.0351
32.9
2565
2886
100.0%
100.0%
16.4%
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2002
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2004
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2005
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2006
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2008
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2009
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2010
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2011
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2012
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2013
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2014
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2015
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2016
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2017
Sedan/Wagon
A3
2018
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1976
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-4 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1978
42
0.004
22.0
17.7
20.0
18.7
523.7
466.3
505.6
3589
102.4
167
105
15.8
0.632
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1979
58
0.005
22.8
18.4
20.7
19.4
508.8
459.3
491.6
3567
100.6
168
102
16.5
0.609
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1980
57
0.006
24.5
20.2
21.6
20.8
473.8
444.1
462.1
3477
101.0
169
95
17.2
0.569
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1981
136
0.016
26.0
20.9
23.9
22.1
435.6
379.8
416.0
3277
94.6
165
105
15.6
0.635
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1982
230
0.029
24.4
19.2
23.1
20.8
461.7
388.7
438.3
3456
107.6
194
114
16.0
0.624
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1983
183
0.023
27.1
21.7
24.8
23.0
415.6
364.3
400.5
3325
99.1
156
112
14.8
0.723
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1984
206
0.019
25.4
20.1
23.8
21.6
444.0
377.9
421.1
3377
99.5
166
127
13.5
0.775
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1985
200
0.019
24.7
19.8
22.7
21.0
449.8
391.5
432.6
3408
100.5
168
129
13.2
0.790
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1986
154
0.014
22.6
17.9
21.0
19.2
485.6
414.8
465.3
3514
105.6
191
158
11.4
0.852
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1987
181
0.017
23.1
18.1
21.5
19.5
487.6
411.3
462.6
3519
105.9
191
161
11.4
0.871
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1988
142
0.013
22.5
17.4
21.0
18.9
499.6
416.2
469.7
3504
104.6
188
161
11.4
0.886
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1989
147
0.015
22.4
17.2
21.0
18.8
509.5
415.8
472.0
3546
106.6
184
163
11.0
0.912
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1990
117
0.013
22.7
17.2
21.3
19.0
511.3
411.9
469.1
3652
110.1
175
160
10.7
0.926
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1991
131
0.015
23.1
17.3
21.9
19.3
508.3
402.6
463.1
3662
106.2
177
167
10.6
0.970
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1992
100
0.012
22.9
17.0
21.9
19.1
514.5
401.0
467.4
3757
107.3
182
181
10.1
0.986
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1993
83
0.010
23.6
17.4
22.5
19.6
501.8
389.9
453.3
3853
109.5
186
186
9.4
0.991
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1994
65
0.008
23.7
17.2
22.8
19.7
508.7
385.5
452.7
3946
106.1
201
219
8.3
1.098
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1995
91
0.010
24.7
17.9
23.7
20.4
489.4
371.1
437.9
3996
103.8
202
217
8.8
1.079
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1996
44
0.006
27.1
19.3
26.1
22.3
460.1
341.2
401.3
3720
104.4
171
172
10.1
1.008
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1997
1
0.000
22.6
15.7
22.7
18.7
566.5
391.1
474.8
3500
59.9
220
270
7.0
1.227
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1998
7
0.001
30.6
20.7
31.3
25.2
425.8
280.2
352.6
2920
102.0
109
109
12.9
0.981
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1999
28
0.003
28.2
19.3
28.0
23.1
459.9
316.1
384.7
3192
109.1
123
125
11.6
1.023
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2000
70
0.008
28.1
19.0
27.9
23.0
465.4
317.0
386.5
3104
107.6
119
122
11.1
1.031
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2001
48
0.006
28.0
18.8
27.7
22.8
471.2
319.6
389.9
3117
107.8
119
121
11.1
1.027
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2002
15
0.002
27.7
18.6
26.9
22.4
475.8
328.3
396.1
3095
107.7
118
121
11.2
1.028
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2004
16
0.002
26.4
17.6
25.4
21.3
504.8
349.7
417.3
3500
114.5
152
113
12.2
0.743
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2005
7
0.001
26.4
17.5
25.3
21.2
508.0
351.2
418.7
3500
114.5
152
113
12.2
0.743
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2006
2
0.000
26.2
17.3
25.1
21.0
512.4
354.1
422.2
3500
114.5
152
154
10.0
1.013
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2008
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2009
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2010
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2011
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2012
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2013
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2014
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2015
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2016
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2017
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2018
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1977
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-5 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1978
0.0298
34.4
1959
3515
100.0%
36.6%
15.1%
48.3%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1979
0.0291
35.6
2004
3630
100.0%
20.3%
23.5%
56.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1980
0.0280
36.8
2129
3763
100.0%
39.8%
60.2%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1981
0.0322
36.7
2136
3504
100.0%
41.4%
32.1%
26.5%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1982
0.0332
36.3
2256
3912
100.0%
23.5%
32.7%
24.5%
19.4%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1983
0.0338
38.7
2331
3871
10.1%
4.2%
85.7%
13.0%
59.5%
27.5%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1984
0.0377
37.1
2205
3715
100.0%
80.0%
20.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1985
0.0381
36.3
2165
3661
100.0%
82.3%
17.7%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1986
0.0443
34.2
2105
3647
100.0%
95.8%
4.2%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1987
0.0452
34.9
2143
3734
100.0%
87.1%
12.9%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1988
0.0455
33.4
2039
3523
5.9%
94.1%
99.5%
0.5%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1989
0.0455
33.6
2050
3600
4.0%
96.0%
99.8%
0.2%
3.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1990
0.0434
34.9
2121
3838
7.5%
0.4%
92.0%
98.3%
1.7%
4.5%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1991
0.0453
35.6
2089
3786
11.3%
5.1%
83.6%
95.4%
4.6%
13.8%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1992
0.0472
36.1
2094
3877
10.4%
5.0%
84.7%
96.0%
4.0%
17.7%
20.3%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1993
0.0474
37.9
2175
4148
10.8%
0.9%
88.3%
100.0%
41.2%
19.6%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1994
0.0548
38.9
2118
4136
2.2%
0.0%
97.8%
98.9%
1.1%
83.4%
25.7%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1995
0.0537
41.2
2176
4297
100.0%
93.8%
6.2%
95.3%
27.7%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1996
0.0460
41.8
2351
4383
100.0%
94.0%
6.0%
98.2%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1997
0.0771
32.8
1120
1961
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1998
0.0367
36.9
2608
3773
95.2%
4.8%
100.0%
35.3%
4.8%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
1999
0.0392
36.8
2525
4022
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2000
0.0395
35.6
2477
3840
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2001
0.0390
35.4
2458
3826
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2002
0.0392
34.7
2421
3740
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2004
0.0323
37.3
2437
4265
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2005
0.0323
37.1
2430
4252
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2006
0.0440
36.8
2409
4216
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2008
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2009
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2010
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2011
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2012
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2013
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2014
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2015
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2016
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2017
Sedan/Wagon
A4
2018
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1977
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-6 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1978
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1979
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1980
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1981
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1982
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1983
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1984
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1985
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1986
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1987
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1988
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1989
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1990
2
0.000
21.5
15.9
21.5
18.1
560.4
413.5
489.7
4000
50.0
181
228
8.4
1.260
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1991
3
0.000
21.9
15.8
22.3
18.4
561.2
399.4
482.4
4000
50.0
181
228
8.5
1.260
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1992
6
0.001
20.1
14.7
19.7
16.8
602.7
448.1
528.2
4372
104.8
191
228
8.7
1.192
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1993
6
0.001
19.7
14.4
19.1
16.4
617.2
464.1
541.4
4941
114.6
193
228
8.8
1.180
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1994
5
0.001
22.8
16.1
23.3
19.1
551.6
381.5
465.8
4854
102.1
195
217
8.9
1.113
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1995
13
0.001
23.1
16.2
23.4
19.3
547.0
379.4
461.4
4500
109.6
195
217
8.7
1.113
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1996
9
0.001
23.1
16.2
23.3
19.2
549.5
380.8
462.3
4500
105.4
195
217
9.1
1.113
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1997
1
0.000
22.4
15.5
22.8
18.6
572.8
390.0
477.3
3000
50.0
151
201
7.7
1.331
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1998
1
0.000
22.4
15.4
22.7
18.6
576.0
391.6
478.5
3000
50.0
151
201
8.0
1.331
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1999
6
0.001
22.5
15.3
23.1
18.7
581.7
384.1
476.2
3239
62.0
178
246
7.3
1.378
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2000
5
0.001
23.0
15.5
23.2
18.9
571.3
382.5
469.6
3292
59.9
187
255
6.8
1.358
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2001
6
0.001
22.6
15.2
22.8
18.6
584.5
389.0
478.6
3338
62.5
193
276
6.5
1.423
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2002
5
0.001
23.6
15.9
23.1
19.2
557.7
383.8
462.1
3327
61.4
197
273
6.6
1.381
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2004
3
0.000
23.6
15.7
23.2
19.2
564.4
382.5
462.6
3500
62.8
199
282
6.7
1.410
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2005
1
0.000
26.0
17.4
24.4
20.8
509.4
364.3
426.8
3500
50.0
176
255
7.0
1.453
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2006
3
0.000
26.4
17.7
24.7
21.1
503.0
359.6
421.4
3500
50.0
182
269
6.8
1.478
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2008
22
0.003
49.5
33.4
40.5
37.1
265.8
219.3
239.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.2
1.148
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2009
14
0.003
49.5
33.4
40.5
37.1
265.8
219.3
239.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
12.9
1.148
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2010
3
0.001
49.1
33.3
40.0
36.8
266.9
222.0
241.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2011
3
0.001
48.7
32.7
38.2
35.6
271.4
232.7
249.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2012
5
0.001
49.5
33.8
37.7
35.9
262.7
235.8
247.4
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2013
13
0.002
49.8
34.1
37.9
36.2
260.7
234.6
245.8
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2014
5
0.001
49.7
34.0
37.9
36.1
261.1
234.8
246.1
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2015
8
0.001
49.7
34.0
37.8
36.1
261.1
235.2
246.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2016
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2017
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2018
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-7 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1978
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1979
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1980
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1981
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1982
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1983
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1984
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1985
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1986
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1987
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1988
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1989
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1990
0.0570
36.3
907
1815
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1991
0.0570
36.8
921
1842
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1992
0.0523
36.8
1739
3854
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1993
0.0462
40.6
1869
4647
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1994
0.0448
46.3
1941
4780
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1995
0.0482
43.3
2112
4751
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1996
0.0482
43.2
2025
4557
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1997
0.0670
27.9
931
1397
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1998
0.0670
27.9
929
1393
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
1999
0.0754
30.2
1158
1906
5.4%
94.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2000
0.0770
31.1
1133
1882
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2001
0.0823
31.0
1158
1949
22.2%
77.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2002
0.0816
32.0
1184
1990
14.4%
85.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2004
0.0806
33.7
1204
2107
28.0%
72.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2005
0.0729
36.4
1041
1822
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2006
0.0769
36.9
1055
1846
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2008
0.0350
37.1
1857
1857
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2009
0.0350
37.1
1857
1857
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2010
0.0350
36.8
1841
1841
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2011
0.0350
35.6
1782
1782
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2012
0.0350
35.9
1796
1796
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2013
0.0350
36.2
1808
1808
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2014
0.0350
36.1
1806
1806
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2015
0.0350
36.1
1804
1804
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2016
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2017
Sedan/Wagon
A5
2018
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-8 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1979
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1980
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1981
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1982
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1983
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1984
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1985
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1986
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1987
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1988
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1989
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1990
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1991
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1992
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1993
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1994
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1995
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1996
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1997
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1998
0
0.000
13.3
9.3
13.4
11.1
951.2
661.9
798.3
3500
50.0
213
375
5.6
1.761
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1999
1
0.000
13.9
9.7
14.1
11.6
917.1
625.9
764.5
3500
50.0
215
382
5.5
1.775
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2000
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2001
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2002
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2004
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2005
1
0.000
15.9
11.2
14.4
12.8
794.7
615.1
692.4
4500
129.5
259
396
5.8
1.529
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2006
2
0.000
16.9
11.3
16.8
13.9
789.4
528.6
641.2
4337
116.9
259
392
5.8
1.515
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2007
1
0.000
16.8
11.4
16.4
13.8
782.7
543.0
646.0
4500
129.5
259
396
5.9
1.529
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2008
3
0.000
18.5
12.2
18.5
15.2
724.7
479.5
586.3
4485
51.0
107.4
260
399
5.9
1.536
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2009
3
0.000
17.6
11.7
17.7
14.5
757.8
499.6
613.1
4245
49.9
92.2
275
431
5.4
1.572
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2010
105
0.017
36.2
23.8
33.2
28.4
384.3
276.5
328.7
3552
43.7
109.1
126
184
8.8
1.453
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2011
16
0.003
44.9
29.8
35.8
32.9
275.7
238.1
270.0
3537
47.9
108.7
161
197
8.4
1.179
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2012
131
0.018
38.4
25.9
34.3
30.1
334.3
258.6
299.9
3508
45.9
108.4
134
184
8.4
1.385
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2013
155
0.019
43.8
28.9
36.6
32.9
303.4
242.4
270.5
3271
45.4
110.1
124
160
8.7
1.319
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2014
176
0.023
41.6
27.1
36.2
31.7
324.6
245.3
280.7
3093
44.6
108.8
125
160
8.6
1.284
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2015
133
0.017
44.0
28.3
38.5
33.4
309.9
230.4
266.4
3155
45.0
109.2
125
158
8.6
1.272
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2016
271
0.038
42.9
27.7
37.8
32.6
317.5
234.7
272.2
3087
43.2
106.1
114
148
9.1
1.300
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2017
227
0.032
45.2
29.7
39.9
34.8
279.0
219.4
255.6
3338
43.8
109.9
111
141
9.4
1.259
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2018
-
0.025
48.6
32.6
40.9
36.8
245.0
212.1
241.3
3348
43.9
112.3
109
132
9.4
1.204
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1978
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1979
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-9 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1979
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1980
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1981
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1982
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1983
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1984
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1985
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1986
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1987
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1988
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1989
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1990
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1991
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1992
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1993
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1994
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1995
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1996
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1997
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1998
0.1071
19.5
557
974
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
1999
0.1091
20.4
583
1021
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2000
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2001
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2002
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2004
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2005
0.0880
28.9
1662
3739
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2006
0.0907
30.0
1616
3531
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2007
0.0880
31.0
1781
4007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2008
0.0891
34.1
1621
3641
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2009
0.1037
31.0
1356
2963
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2010
0.0515
52.0
3234
5709
94.8%
3.8%
1.5%
55.1%
2.9%
42.0%
100.0%
60.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2011
0.0548
61.4
3899
6838
91.7%
6.8%
1.5%
6.8%
93.2%
100.0%
100.0%
91.7%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2012
0.0526
54.3
3395
5928
98.1%
1.9%
58.0%
28.7%
13.3%
100.0%
86.7%
26.8%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2013
0.0494
54.3
3642
6012
100.0%
60.7%
39.3%
100.0%
100.0%
27.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2014
0.0520
49.4
3459
5385
100.0%
87.9%
12.1%
100.0%
100.0%
12.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2015
0.0505
53.0
3660
5818
100.0%
78.9%
21.1%
100.0%
100.0%
21.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2016
0.0479
50.8
3484
5430
97.7%
2.3%
76.7%
23.3%
100.0%
100.0%
9.5%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2017
0.0422
60.3
3999
6739
99.1%
0.9%
82.5%
17.5%
100.0%
100.0%
26.1%
Sedan/Wagon
A6
2018
0.0395
65.5
4448
7517
100.0%
80.3%
19.7%
100.0%
100.0%
42.5%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1975
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1976
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1977
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1978
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1979
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-10 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S0
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S1
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S2
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S3
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S4
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S5
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S6
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S7
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19SS
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S9
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1990
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1991
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1992
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1993
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1994
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1995
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1996
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1997
Sedan/Wagon
A7
199S
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1999
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2000
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2001
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2002
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2004
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2005
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2006
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A7
200S
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2009
4
0.001
2S.0
IS.6
26.5
22.4
47S.9
335.5
397.2
3590
3S.2
73.S
229
373
5.2
1.633
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2010
4
0.001
23.7
15.7
23.1
19.2
541.1
369.3
463.4
3679
41.S
67.2
233
395
5.3
1.673
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2011
14
0.002
22.6
15.2
21.7
IS.3
575.7
404.5
4S4.6
3994
44.3
S7.2
214
372
5.5
1.732
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2012
12
0.002
23.9
16.0
22.9
19.3
53S.5
3S0.0
461.2
3S23
43.4
7S.6
22S
396
5.3
1.733
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2013
25
0.003
25.0
16.7
23.7
20.1
513.7
363.5
442.2
3S23
43.S
79.5
225
401
5.3
1.761
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2014
30
0.004
26.1
17.3
24.S
20.9
497.4
34S.5
425.0
3900
44.7
S1.0
226
411
5.3
1.S00
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2015
39
0.005
27.1
1S.0
25.6
21.7
469.2
334.S
410.2
3S9S
45.9
91.2
19S
3S7
5.6
1.951
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2016
33
0.005
2S.3
IS.7
26.6
22.5
449.0
320.4
394.4
3S9S
46.9
97.0
1S5
359
6.0
1.931
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2017
33
0.005
31.1
21.0
2S.1
24.5
403.S
305.2
362.2
3650
44.0
S9.6
160
345
5.9
2.125
Sedan/Wagon
A7
201S
-
0.007
33.1
22.4
29.1
25.S
37S.7
294.9
344.7
3593
44.S
99.3
136
291
6.6
2.0S7
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1975
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1976
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1977
Sedan/Wagon
AS
197S
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1979
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-ll March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S0
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S1
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S2
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S3
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S4
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S5
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S6
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S7
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19SS
Sedan/Wagon
A7
19S9
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1990
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1991
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1992
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1993
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1994
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1995
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1996
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1997
Sedan/Wagon
A7
199S
Sedan/Wagon
A7
1999
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2000
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2001
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2002
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2003
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2004
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2005
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2006
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2007
Sedan/Wagon
A7
200S
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2009
0.1042
40.2
1652
2965
32.9%
67.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2010
0.1072
36.6
1326
2440
14.3%
85.7%
84.4%
15.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2011
0.0934
37.0
1616
3225
100.0%
60.4%
39.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2012
0.1041
37.6
1563
2977
4.5%
95.5%
81.5%
18.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2013
0.1044
39.1
1602
30S3
8.3%
91.7%
88.6%
11.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2014
0.1051
41.5
1706
3405
27.6%
72.4%
99.5%
0.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2015
0.09S2
43.5
2107
4079
15.9%
18.6%
65.5%
99.0%
1.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2016
0.0909
45.4
2351
4523
23.8%
15.1%
61.1%
99.7%
0.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
2017
0.0925
45.9
2349
4196
33.5%
14.6%
51.9%
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
A7
201S
0.0792
47.5
2739
4S29
54.9%
6.4%
38.7%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1975
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1976
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1977
Sedan/Wagon
AS
197S
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1979
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-12 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S1
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S2
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S3
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S4
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S5
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S6
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S7
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19SS
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S9
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1990
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1991
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1992
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1993
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1994
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1995
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1996
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1997
Sedan/Wagon
AS
199S
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1999
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2000
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2001
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2002
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2003
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2004
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2005
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2006
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2007
Sedan/Wagon
AS
200S
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2009
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2010
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2011
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2012
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2013
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2014
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2015
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2016
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2017
4
0.001
30.2
20.2
27.5
23.8
437.3
322.1
372.6
4626
52.6
124.0
197
41S
5.4
2.121
Sedan/Wagon
AS
201S
-
0.001
30.3
20.3
27.2
23.7
435.4
326.3
374.3
4599
52.6
124.0
194
397
5.6
2.039
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1975
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1976
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1977
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
197S
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1979
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
19S0
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
19S1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-13 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S1
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S2
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S3
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S4
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S5
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S6
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S7
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19SS
Sedan/Wagon
AS
19S9
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1990
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1991
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1992
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1993
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1994
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1995
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1996
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1997
Sedan/Wagon
AS
199S
Sedan/Wagon
AS
1999
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2000
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2001
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2002
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2003
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2004
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2005
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2006
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2007
Sedan/Wagon
AS
200S
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2009
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2010
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2011
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2012
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2013
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2014
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2015
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2016
Sedan/Wagon
AS
2017
0.0S99
55.2
2965
6842
74.2%
25.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
AS
201S
0.0S59
54.6
2952
6775
68.6%
31.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1975
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1976
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1977
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
197S
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1979
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
19S0
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
19S1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-14 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1982
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1983
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1984
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1985
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1986
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1987
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1988
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1989
13
0.001
39.6
32.0
33.6
32.8
277.5
264.2
270.9
2250
88.6
73
66
15.2
0.904
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1990
3
0.000
37.7
31.2
30.5
30.9
284.7
291.2
287.5
2299
88.7
73
73
13.7
1.000
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1991
4
0.000
37.3
30.7
30.0
30.4
289.0
296.7
292.3
2289
88.7
73
73
13.9
1.000
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1992
0
0.000
38.8
31.0
32.1
31.6
286.1
276.3
281.5
2295
88.5
73
73
13.4
1.000
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1993
1
0.000
37.2
30.0
29.9
30.0
295.8
297.1
296.0
2290
88.5
73
73
12.7
1.000
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1994
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1995
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1996
1
0.000
40.4
30.1
34.5
32.3
295.0
257.2
275.2
2750
97.1
97
115
10.5
1.186
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1997
7
0.001
41.9
31.0
35.7
33.3
286.6
249.1
266.7
2750
99.5
97
115
10.5
1.186
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1998
5
0.001
42.4
30.9
36.2
33.5
287.4
245.5
265.0
2750
97.1
97
115
10.8
1.186
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1999
2
0.000
41.8
30.2
35.6
32.9
293.8
249.9
270.1
2750
97.1
97
115
10.7
1.186
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2000
2
0.000
41.9
30.0
35.5
32.8
296.0
250.2
271.1
2750
97.1
97
115
10.3
1.186
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2001
19
0.002
56.9
42.8
41.8
42.3
205.8
211.8
210.1
2921
96.2
89
73
17.2
0.821
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2002
35
0.004
43.4
31.0
35.5
33.4
247.2
239.0
266.5
3086
98.3
103
101
15.1
0.947
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2003
74
0.009
41.3
28.7
34.8
31.8
276.0
245.0
279.2
3126
98.5
105
115
10.5
1.076
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2004
102
0.014
46.7
32.6
37.5
35.2
238.1
226.7
252.5
3068
104.7
100
103
10.3
1.012
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2005
208
0.026
45.5
31.5
36.3
34.1
235.1
228.3
260.6
3225
111.5
109
110
9.7
0.971
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2006
194
0.024
42.5
29.1
35.2
32.3
251.8
234.5
275.2
3312
111.6
115
125
9.6
1.067
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2007
838
0.104
37.9
26.1
31.8
29.0
307.8
268.3
306.0
3410
112.6
134
155
9.1
1.144
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2008
842
0.115
38.4
26.3
32.5
29.5
306.1
263.2
301.1
3343
44.7
111.7
133
152
9.1
1.128
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2009
611
0.108
37.6
25.7
31.9
28.9
318.8
270.5
307.1
3428
45.0
111.4
139
162
8.9
1.147
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2010
900
0.148
42.4
29.1
35.1
32.2
268.8
242.1
275.9
3474
44.5
112.2
135
151
9.2
1.104
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2011
731
0.127
39.8
26.9
32.9
30.0
299.3
261.3
295.9
3456
44.7
110.4
137
160
9.0
1.164
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2012
1125
0.152
41.6
28.2
34.1
31.3
286.6
253.9
284.2
3380
44.6
111.9
133
150
9.2
1.119
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2013
1554
0.189
44.7
29.7
36.6
33.3
280.5
238.9
267.1
3448
45.7
113.1
135
161
8.9
1.181
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2014
2099
0.275
44.2
29.3
36.5
33.0
290.3
240.4
269.0
3274
44.9
110.7
126
151
9.2
1.196
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2015
2493
0.316
44.6
29.5
37.0
33.3
290.5
238.2
266.7
3259
44.9
111.9
126
151
9.2
1.198
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2016
2131
0.299
44.2
29.0
37.2
33.1
0.0
0.0
268.3
3253
45.2
113.3
128
158
9.0
1.245
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2017
2426
0.348
43.6
28.8
37.1
33.0
0.0
0.0
269.1
3302
45.3
114.4
128
159
9.0
1.245
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2018
-
0.326
45.0
29.8
37.1
33.6
0.0
0.0
264.7
3302
45.5
115.5
121
156
9.1
1.309
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1975
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1976
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1977
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1978
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1979
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1980
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1981
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-15 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1982
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1983
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1984
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1985
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1986
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1987
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1988
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1989
0.0293
36.9
2906
3269
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1990
0.0318
35.5
2744
3154
30.8%
69.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1991
0.0319
34.8
2696
3087
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1992
0.0319
36.3
2800
3209
54.5%
45.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1993
0.0319
34.4
2658
3044
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1994
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1995
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1996
0.0418
44.4
3136
4312
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1997
0.0418
45.8
3314
4557
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1998
0.0418
46.1
3257
4478
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
1999
0.0418
45.2
3195
4393
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2000
0.0418
45.1
3184
4377
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2001
0.0252
62.0
4063
5989
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
92.8%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2002
0.0317
55.1
3553
5423
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
69.9%
68.4%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2003
0.0359
52.6
3379
5204
100.0%
100.0%
64.2%
55.9%
55.4%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2004
0.0331
58.0
4056
6159
100.0%
100.0%
82.2%
65.2%
65.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2005
0.0327
59.7
4236
6643
84.4%
15.6%
100.0%
89.3%
69.7%
69.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2006
0.0363
58.1
4026
6448
87.7%
12.3%
100.0%
83.9%
65.9%
61.3%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2007
0.0446
51.9
3477
5833
96.7%
3.3%
100.0%
96.1%
96.6%
31.9%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2008
0.0448
51.6
3498
5756
99.6%
0.4%
1.9%
98.1%
96.2%
94.2%
29.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2009
0.0465
51.3
3378
5713
100.0%
1.1%
98.9%
96.9%
99.0%
26.2%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2010
0.0432
60.3
3918
6798
95.9%
4.0%
0.0%
1.1%
98.9%
94.3%
100.0%
41.6%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2011
0.0459
54.8
3515
6072
89.8%
10.1%
0.1%
6.9%
93.1%
98.0%
98.5%
28.9%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2012
0.0441
55.3
3688
6221
89.4%
10.6%
4.0%
96.0%
98.4%
98.8%
30.4%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2013
0.0463
59.0
3886
6699
91.3%
8.6%
0.1%
20.2%
79.8%
98.9%
100.0%
26.9%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2014
0.0458
55.1
3740
6130
95.2%
4.8%
0.0%
15.6%
84.4%
99.6%
100.0%
16.2%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2015
0.0459
55.2
92.1%
7.9%
0.0%
15.9%
84.1%
99.8%
100.0%
13.7%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2016
0.0484
54.7
92.5%
7.5%
0.0%
21.9%
78.1%
100.0%
100.0%
10.0%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2017
0.0479
55.6
88.8%
11.2%
0.0%
27.1%
72.8%
99.9%
99.9%
9.9%
Sedan/Wagon
CVT
2018
0.0469
56.9
90.0%
9.9%
0.0%
22.0%
78.0%
99.9%
99.9%
14.5%
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1975
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1976
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1977
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1978
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1979
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1980
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1981
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-16 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1983
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1984
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1985
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1986
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1987
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1988
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1989
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1990
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1991
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1992
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1993
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1994
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1995
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1996
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1997
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1998
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1999
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2000
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2001
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2002
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2003
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2004
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2005
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2006
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2007
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2008
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2009
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2010
0
0.000
85.7
59.4
60.8
60.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4000
47.8
113.9
130
9.2
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2011
0
0.000
85.7
59.4
60.8
60.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4000
47.8
113.9
130
9.2
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2012
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2013
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2014
0
0.000
85.7
59.4
60.8
60.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4000
47.8
113.9
130
9.2
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2015
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2016
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2017
1
0.000
99.1
69.0
67.0
67.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
4500
46.9
113.8
174
8.4
Sedan/Wagon
LI
2018
-
0.000
97.2
69.0
67.0
67.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
4500
46.9
117.5
174
8.4
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1980
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1983
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-17 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1983
Sedan/Wagon
LI
1984
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1985
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1986
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1987
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1988
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1989
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1990
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1991
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1992
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1993
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1994
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1995
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1996
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1997
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1998
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
1999
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2000
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2001
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2002
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2003
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2004
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2005
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2006
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2007
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2008
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2009
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2010
0.0325
120.3
6851
13703
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2011
0.0325
120.3
6851
13703
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2012
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2013
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2014
0.0325
120.3
6851
13703
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2015
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2016
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2017
0.0387
152.7
7721
17372
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Ll
2018
0.0387
152.7
7972
17937
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1980
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1983
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-18 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1984
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1987
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1988
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1989
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1998
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2000
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2001
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2002
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2004
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2005
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2006
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2007
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2008
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2009
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2010
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2011
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2012
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2013
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2014
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2015
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2016
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2017
2
0.000
19.0
12.4
20.7
16.1
714.7
428.6
551.6
4061
48.7
88.1
378
650
3.5
1.718
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2018
-
0.021
31.9
20.3
30.6
25.2
428.5
286.6
353.3
3853
49.2
110.3
165
316
5.5
1.999
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1978
45
0.004
28.7
23.8
25.1
24.3
371.3
353.2
365.4
2151
85.7
92
64
14.7
0.698
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1979
82
0.008
26.1
21.7
22.6
22.1
408.6
391.8
402.3
2330
85.1
98
65
18.9
0.662
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1980
31
0.003
30.3
25.4
26.0
25.6
349.8
341.2
346.8
2069
90.4
91
67
17.7
0.736
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1983
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1984
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-19 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1984
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1987
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1988
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1989
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1998
Sedan/Wagon
L10
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2000
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2001
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2002
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2004
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2005
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2006
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2007
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2008
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2009
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2010
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2011
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2012
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2013
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2014
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2015
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2016
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2017
0.1603
32.7
1419
2882
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L10
2018
0.0811
48.8
2846
5394
54.1%
3.3%
42.6%
76.9%
23.1%
98.4%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1978
0.0299
26.3
2097
2272
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1979
0.0279
25.7
1882
2208
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1980
0.0325
26.5
2312
2405
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1983
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1984
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-20 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1987
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1988
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1989
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1998
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2000
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2001
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2002
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2004
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2005
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2006
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2007
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2008
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2009
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2010
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2011
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2012
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2013
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2014
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2015
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2016
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2017
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2018
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1978
749
0.067
17.2
13.3
16.9
14.7
656.4
520.9
606.0
4133
114.8
311
146
13.3
0.471
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1979
869
0.080
18.5
14.4
17.9
15.8
609.9
494.7
562.7
3822
116.0
301
142
13.3
0.472
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1980
1339
0.142
19.9
15.4
19.4
17.0
577.7
460.4
528.4
3759
117.5
270
120
15.2
0.449
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1981
2261
0.259
22.4
17.4
21.8
19.1
514.3
409.4
471.8
3641
115.3
254
115
15.4
0.466
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1982
3031
0.388
24.4
18.7
24.0
20.8
468.2
363.0
430.4
3265
111.6
204
105
16.7
0.549
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1983
2832
0.354
24.4
18.8
24.0
20.8
462.1
360.9
427.1
3235
112.1
202
108
15.0
0.563
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1984
3927
0.368
25.5
19.6
25.1
21.7
442.6
346.2
409.5
3184
111.1
190
106
15.0
0.594
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1985
3203
0.297
26.8
20.6
26.5
22.9
421.2
329.2
388.1
3104
109.6
180
104
14.8
0.611
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-21 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1987
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1988
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1989
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1998
Sedan/Wagon
L2
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2000
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2001
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2002
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2004
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2005
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2006
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2007
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2008
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2009
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2010
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2011
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2012
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2013
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2014
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2015
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2016
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2017
Sedan/Wagon
L2
2018
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1978
0.0352
30.4
1701
3486
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1979
0.0373
30.2
1842
3507
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1980
0.0322
32.2
2020
3826
2.0%
98.0%
91.7%
8.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1981
0.0317
35.1
2235
4086
0.7%
99.3%
87.8%
0.3%
11.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1982
0.0322
34.2
2358
3838
33.0%
0.7%
66.3%
77.1%
2.0%
15.7%
5.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1983
0.0331
33.9
2372
3803
41.4%
1.3%
57.4%
75.8%
1.0%
21.8%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1984
0.0332
34.7
2447
3858
51.2%
1.0%
47.8%
61.8%
6.5%
31.0%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1985
0.0333
35.6
2543
3910
59.5%
1.3%
39.2%
43.7%
7.0%
49.2%
0.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-22 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1986
2990
0.271
27.7
21.2
27.1
23.5
411.4
322.5
377.9
3022
107.5
167
100
14.4
0.633
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1987
2679
0.250
29.1
22.2
28.2
24.6
392.5
311.8
360.9
2925
107.0
151
99
14.6
0.684
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1988
3028
0.282
29.8
22.7
28.7
25.1
386.9
307.3
353.4
2866
105.8
140
101
14.5
0.736
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1989
2467
0.246
30.0
22.6
28.9
25.2
390.1
306.5
352.9
2865
104.8
138
105
13.6
0.775
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1990
1980
0.225
29.7
22.1
28.7
24.9
397.1
308.4
357.3
2913
104.1
139
111
12.4
0.814
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1991
1765
0.207
29.1
21.5
28.2
24.3
409.3
313.5
365.5
2918
104.1
144
114
12.3
0.806
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1992
1635
0.202
28.5
20.8
27.8
23.7
421.9
318.3
374.2
3003
104.0
151
123
11.5
0.833
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1993
1421
0.168
28.4
20.6
27.8
23.6
427.9
318.7
376.3
3020
105.0
158
126
10.7
0.808
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1994
899
0.107
30.2
22.0
28.6
24.9
402.2
309.7
357.3
2901
102.2
132
110
11.3
0.852
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1995
893
0.095
31.3
22.6
29.4
25.7
390.5
301.5
346.3
2843
103.1
124
121
10.9
0.982
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1996
671
0.085
31.6
22.9
29.3
25.8
386.7
303.3
344.6
2826
101.6
120
122
11.4
1.020
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1997
611
0.073
31.3
22.6
28.5
25.4
391.3
311.6
350.2
2817
99.8
116
114
11.8
0.988
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1998
438
0.055
31.3
22.1
29.1
25.3
399.9
304.8
350.8
2842
100.8
123
125
11.3
1.016
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1999
359
0.043
31.6
22.4
28.8
25.4
393.8
307.5
349.3
2853
100.2
122
122
11.4
1.010
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2000
505
0.055
31.2
22.0
28.3
25.0
403.1
314.0
355.8
2924
101.4
124
126
10.8
1.025
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2001
289
0.034
32.7
22.9
29.3
26.0
384.6
302.9
341.5
2909
102.0
120
127
10.6
1.065
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2002
70
0.008
36.0
25.3
30.9
28.1
350.7
287.7
315.8
2750
100.1
109
125
10.6
1.142
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2004
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2005
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2006
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2007
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2008
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2009
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2010
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2011
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2012
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2013
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2014
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2015
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2016
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2017
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2018
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1980
219
0.023
19.3
14.5
20.0
16.5
610.7
444.1
537.5
3975
128.1
321
141
13.4
0.438
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1981
651
0.074
19.8
14.8
20.5
16.9
599.5
432.0
525.9
4001
132.8
297
140
13.5
0.472
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1982
986
0.126
20.2
15.1
20.9
17.3
587.4
425.7
516.6
4016
128.3
288
141
14.5
0.495
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1983
1708
0.213
21.4
16.0
22.0
18.3
542.1
398.4
487.3
3823
123.3
267
135
13.4
0.523
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1984
2296
0.215
21.9
16.4
22.5
18.7
526.4
388.0
475.5
3736
118.3
261
134
13.2
0.542
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1985
3127
0.290
23.1
17.3
23.9
19.8
503.3
366.9
449.3
3633
119.4
247
137
12.8
0.583
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1986
3401
0.309
25.0
18.5
26.0
21.3
471.7
338.5
416.6
3478
117.2
224
138
12.0
0.652
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-23 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1986
0.0331
35.6
2563
3841
72.1%
27.9%
28.5%
9.7%
61.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1987
0.0335
36.1
2659
3866
88.4%
11.6%
29.4%
14.4%
56.2%
5.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1988
0.0350
36.1
2679
3825
97.7%
2.3%
15.9%
25.3%
58.8%
12.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1989
0.0365
36.1
2649
3789
99.2%
0.1%
0.7%
11.9%
27.8%
60.3%
18.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1990
0.0379
36.3
2597
3778
99.9%
0.1%
0.0%
1.9%
42.1%
56.0%
24.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1991
0.0389
35.5
2538
3700
100.0%
0.0%
43.2%
56.8%
18.7%
1.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1992
0.0409
35.7
2478
3714
100.0%
79.2%
20.8%
20.0%
1.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1993
0.0414
35.7
2488
3751
100.0%
0.0%
80.4%
19.6%
9.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1994
0.0380
36.1
2549
3693
100.0%
78.3%
21.7%
18.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1995
0.0427
36.5
2650
3764
100.0%
96.9%
3.1%
59.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1996
0.0431
36.4
2623
3704
100.0%
100.0%
52.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1997
0.0405
35.8
2533
3567
100.0%
100.0%
60.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1998
0.0440
36.0
2560
3631
100.0%
100.0%
62.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
1999
0.0429
36.4
2560
3643
100.0%
100.0%
56.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2000
0.0433
36.5
2539
3706
94.5%
5.5%
100.0%
63.0%
17.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2001
0.0437
37.9
2666
3870
87.2%
12.8%
100.0%
80.6%
36.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2002
0.0455
38.7
2818
3875
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2004
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2005
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2006
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2007
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2008
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2009
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2010
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2011
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2012
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2013
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2014
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2015
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2016
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2017
Sedan/Wagon
L3
2018
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1980
0.0356
32.8
2114
4220
100.0%
91.1%
8.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1981
0.0351
33.9
2247
4508
100.0%
89.6%
10.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1982
0.0352
34.9
2225
4495
14.8%
85.2%
73.4%
2.3%
19.7%
4.6%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1983
0.0352
35.1
2269
4333
17.5%
82.5%
54.5%
6.6%
37.0%
1.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1984
0.0360
35.1
2234
4173
18.2%
81.8%
49.0%
14.5%
35.8%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1985
0.0378
36.0
2382
4319
42.4%
1.3%
56.3%
39.6%
28.5%
31.5%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1986
0.0395
37.1
2513
4365
57.3%
0.0%
42.7%
30.9%
62.3%
6.7%
0.1%
5.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-24 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1987
3702
0.345
25.3
18.7
26.1
21.5
467.2
336.8
413.6
3445
115.1
212
138
12.2
0.693
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1988
4069
0.379
25.8
18.9
26.5
21.8
462.3
331.6
406.8
3464
115.4
210
141
12.1
0.714
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1989
4475
0.447
25.7
18.8
26.4
21.7
467.4
333.8
408.6
3442
114.9
202
141
11.7
0.741
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1990
4442
0.504
25.8
18.8
26.3
21.8
466.9
334.5
408.3
3466
113.4
193
144
10.8
0.790
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1991
4505
0.528
26.4
19.1
26.6
22.1
456.7
329.9
401.7
3407
112.9
189
148
10.8
0.823
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1992
4560
0.562
26.1
18.6
26.5
21.8
468.0
331.2
406.9
3491
114.4
195
156
10.3
0.841
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1993
5077
0.600
26.9
19.2
27.1
22.5
453.4
324.1
395.6
3407
113.3
184
150
9.9
0.853
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1994
5748
0.683
26.7
18.9
26.8
22.2
461.6
327.3
399.9
3420
112.2
185
154
9.6
0.865
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1995
6773
0.721
27.2
19.0
27.3
22.5
457.5
321.5
394.4
3397
111.9
181
161
9.7
0.919
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1996
5895
0.747
27.2
18.9
27.2
22.5
461.4
323.6
395.5
3408
112.0
178
162
10.0
0.937
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1997
6393
0.767
27.6
19.1
27.4
22.7
456.5
320.4
391.1
3371
111.5
174
163
9.9
0.958
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1998
6260
0.785
27.9
19.3
27.6
22.9
452.8
318.9
387.6
3368
110.9
170
162
10.2
0.975
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1999
6686
0.798
27.8
19.0
27.3
22.7
459.3
323.0
391.5
3417
111.4
171
166
10.1
0.988
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2000
6876
0.754
27.9
19.0
27.2
22.7
459.3
323.6
390.7
3416
112.1
170
169
9.6
1.011
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2001
6238
0.742
28.4
19.3
27.5
23.0
451.7
320.0
385.8
3397
111.8
168
166
9.5
1.005
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2002
6275
0.756
28.8
19.5
27.4
23.2
448.3
320.9
383.2
3376
112.3
167
168
9.5
1.027
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2003
5300
0.669
29.3
19.7
27.8
23.5
442.3
316.5
377.8
3380
112.7
165
165
9.5
1.026
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2004
4840
0.642
29.3
19.6
27.8
23.5
445.3
315.9
378.6
3406
113.5
168
171
9.3
1.046
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2005
4656
0.580
30.2
20.1
28.0
24.0
433.0
312.6
371.0
3356
113.6
160
167
9.4
1.068
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2006
3780
0.473
29.9
19.9
27.9
23.8
437.4
314.2
373.8
3416
114.8
164
172
9.4
1.080
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2007
3010
0.372
31.0
20.5
28.9
24.6
421.3
303.2
361.3
3340
111.5
158
165
9.6
1.074
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2008
2902
0.397
30.7
20.3
28.7
24.4
426.1
305.3
364.4
3432
44.8
111.9
160
171
9.6
1.091
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2009
2051
0.364
33.1
22.0
30.3
26.1
392.8
289.5
340.8
3303
43.9
110.6
144
159
9.7
1.124
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2010
1971
0.325
34.3
22.8
31.1
26.9
379.9
282.5
330.4
3253
44.1
110.9
140
156
9.8
1.136
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2011
973
0.169
33.5
22.2
30.0
26.1
390.0
292.3
340.8
3312
43.9
113.5
148
156
9.9
1.094
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2012
495
0.067
36.3
24.2
31.5
27.9
362.4
280.4
318.5
3099
43.2
108.2
118
137
10.4
1.163
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2013
504
0.061
36.9
24.6
31.9
28.3
357.1
276.9
314.1
3054
43.0
104.7
115
136
10.4
1.185
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2014
184
0.024
35.5
23.7
31.1
27.4
367.9
282.9
324.3
3166
44.3
110.3
126
147
10.1
1.167
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2015
82
0.010
39.7
26.6
33.4
30.1
329.8
263.5
295.1
2912
42.2
109.2
109
127
10.6
1.165
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2016
50
0.007
41.5
27.4
35.2
31.4
323.7
252.3
283.2
2879
43.0
108.5
105
124
10.6
1.184
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2017
11
0.002
43.6
30.0
35.6
33.0
295.6
249.5
269.4
2507
39.6
100.3
92
106
11.0
1.159
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2018
-
0.001
43.6
29.7
34.6
32.3
299.2
256.5
275.0
2512
40.1
100.9
92
106
11.0
1.158
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1980
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1983
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1984
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1987
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-25 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1987
0.0399
37.0
2489
4280
62.2%
0.0%
37.8%
18.8%
69.6%
11.6%
17.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1988
0.0405
37.9
2536
4389
66.4%
0.1%
33.4%
10.4%
79.9%
9.7%
20.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1989
0.0410
37.5
2508
4317
72.0%
0.3%
27.7%
5.0%
84.2%
10.8%
22.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1990
0.0416
37.7
2479
4290
78.2%
0.8%
21.0%
0.8%
95.2%
4.0%
29.2%
1.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1991
0.0431
37.7
2517
4271
76.9%
1.2%
21.9%
91.9%
8.1%
31.5%
2.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1992
0.0443
38.1
2516
4379
72.5%
0.7%
26.7%
94.8%
5.2%
33.9%
4.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1993
0.0436
38.3
2566
4349
80.2%
1.3%
18.5%
96.3%
3.7%
38.9%
5.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1994
0.0446
38.0
2511
4273
81.8%
0.4%
17.8%
99.0%
1.0%
39.9%
8.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1995
0.0469
38.3
2542
4291
80.5%
1.1%
18.4%
100.0%
46.8%
10.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1996
0.0471
38.3
2530
4295
86.3%
1.3%
12.4%
100.0%
55.5%
11.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1997
0.0477
38.3
2550
4278
87.5%
1.5%
11.0%
100.0%
56.2%
10.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1998
0.0476
38.7
2560
4292
90.2%
1.7%
8.1%
100.0%
0.0%
58.4%
16.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
1999
0.0480
38.8
2545
4332
91.3%
1.5%
7.2%
100.0%
0.0%
62.2%
14.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2000
0.0490
38.9
2565
4366
91.3%
1.5%
7.2%
100.0%
61.6%
19.6%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2001
0.0484
39.2
2597
4390
92.4%
1.4%
6.2%
99.9%
0.1%
61.1%
22.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2002
0.0492
39.3
2626
4418
94.0%
1.5%
4.5%
99.7%
0.3%
63.7%
28.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2003
0.0485
39.8
2675
4500
91.8%
2.0%
6.2%
99.8%
0.2%
64.4%
32.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2004
0.0497
40.0
2685
4551
90.7%
2.8%
6.5%
100.0%
67.8%
32.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2005
0.0491
40.2
2742
4580
90.2%
3.1%
6.8%
100.0%
69.3%
37.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2006
0.0499
40.6
2750
4674
90.8%
3.2%
6.0%
100.0%
69.5%
42.6%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2007
0.0489
41.1
2776
4593
94.6%
2.5%
2.8%
100.0%
67.5%
47.2%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2008
0.0492
41.9
2762
4695
86.9%
4.1%
9.1%
100.0%
74.9%
48.0%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2009
0.0475
43.2
2919
4781
89.6%
5.2%
5.3%
0.1%
99.9%
83.8%
71.6%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2010
0.0474
43.8
3012
4859
90.1%
1.6%
8.3%
0.0%
100.0%
89.0%
81.5%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2011
0.0465
43.1
2987
4902
92.7%
2.8%
4.5%
100.0%
74.6%
84.6%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2012
0.0441
43.2
3028
4676
99.8%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
98.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2013
0.0442
43.2
2979
4523
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
100.0%
98.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2014
0.0459
43.4
3048
4791
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2015
0.0434
43.9
3303
4801
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2016
0.0431
45.2
3404
4909
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2017
0.0423
41.3
3308
4146
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L4
2018
0.0423
40.6
3260
4094
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1980
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1983
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1984
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1987
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-26 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1988
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1989
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1993
9
0.001
20.7
14.6
21.3
17.4
606.3
416.6
511.9
4247
116.2
243
280
7.0
1.153
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1994
22
0.003
21.8
15.3
22.7
18.3
582.2
390.1
486.0
4011
110.0
222
258
7.2
1.164
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1995
29
0.003
22.5
15.7
23.2
18.8
564.1
381.4
471.8
4301
110.8
233
271
7.4
1.167
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1996
27
0.003
22.1
15.4
22.4
18.4
572.6
391.6
483.7
4310
106.7
246
258
8.1
1.054
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1997
150
0.018
24.5
17.0
24.4
20.3
515.6
360.6
439.7
4027
107.3
217
236
8.3
1.097
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1998
261
0.033
25.3
17.5
24.9
20.8
501.3
353.1
428.4
3923
105.7
202
233
8.5
1.165
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1999
363
0.043
25.4
17.4
25.2
20.9
507.0
349.6
426.8
3826
106.2
187
223
8.5
1.214
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2000
622
0.068
24.7
16.8
24.3
20.2
523.6
362.2
440.3
3822
109.7
195
222
8.2
1.151
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2001
829
0.099
24.9
17.0
24.2
20.3
519.2
363.9
437.9
3792
108.3
186
220
8.0
1.210
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2002
950
0.114
25.5
17.3
24.7
20.7
510.4
357.4
429.2
3788
106.2
184
219
8.1
1.218
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2003
1591
0.201
26.9
18.0
26.1
21.8
487.0
336.8
408.0
3655
106.4
177
211
8.2
1.210
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2004
1603
0.213
27.2
18.1
26.2
21.9
487.0
335.7
406.2
3704
107.6
174
211
8.3
1.222
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2005
2046
0.255
27.5
18.2
26.5
22.1
482.9
331.5
402.4
3749
111.0
186
216
8.2
1.174
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2006
2247
0.281
28.3
18.7
27.0
22.6
464.4
321.8
392.6
3716
112.5
189
220
8.2
1.184
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2007
2242
0.277
29.6
19.5
28.1
23.6
444.8
310.5
376.1
3597
111.2
169
198
8.7
1.182
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2008
1559
0.213
30.7
20.2
28.9
24.4
428.9
300.6
364.1
3549
45.8
110.7
163
197
8.8
1.221
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2009
1506
0.267
32.4
21.2
30.5
25.6
412.2
288.1
347.1
3473
46.0
113.2
151
179
8.9
1.198
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2010
1110
0.183
32.8
21.6
30.7
26.0
402.6
284.7
342.1
3417
45.6
110.1
154
187
8.7
1.238
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2011
643
0.112
33.3
21.7
31.1
26.2
400.1
282.4
339.0
3466
46.6
112.0
158
195
8.7
1.246
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2012
997
0.135
36.3
23.5
33.3
28.2
367.5
262.9
314.8
3342
45.7
109.9
144
178
9.0
1.248
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2013
588
0.072
36.9
24.0
33.7
28.7
355.0
256.6
309.8
3238
44.8
106.1
143
177
9.1
1.258
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2014
148
0.019
26.7
17.3
26.5
21.6
501.9
331.4
411.4
4050
51.5
115.4
252
300
7.0
1.220
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2015
11
0.001
36.9
23.9
33.8
28.7
370.2
261.9
309.7
3000
43.6
101.7
122
149
9.3
1.223
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2016
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2017
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2018
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1980
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1983
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1984
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1987
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1988
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-27 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1988
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1989
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1993
0.0662
36.8
2017
4286
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1994
0.0643
36.7
2013
4035
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
35.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1995
0.0630
40.5
2086
4493
100.0%
100.0%
98.0%
21.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1996
0.0592
39.5
1972
4236
16.2%
11.4%
72.4%
100.0%
67.8%
72.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1997
0.0582
40.9
2196
4401
2.0%
5.4%
92.6%
98.2%
1.8%
97.4%
46.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1998
0.0590
41.0
2216
4335
7.5%
10.6%
81.9%
98.7%
1.3%
99.6%
56.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
1999
0.0578
40.0
2232
4258
17.3%
11.7%
71.0%
98.7%
1.3%
99.2%
50.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2000
0.0576
38.7
2234
4250
26.8%
6.6%
66.6%
98.9%
1.1%
96.3%
54.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2001
0.0578
38.6
2208
4185
31.8%
13.1%
55.1%
100.0%
99.9%
61.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2002
0.0575
39.3
2218
4187
38.0%
14.3%
47.7%
100.0%
100.0%
57.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2003
0.0576
40.0
2353
4276
55.5%
7.5%
36.9%
100.0%
99.2%
66.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2004
0.0568
40.8
2387
4402
65.0%
11.8%
23.2%
99.4%
0.6%
99.4%
73.6%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2005
0.0570
41.8
2498
4658
64.3%
8.9%
26.8%
98.9%
1.1%
91.1%
79.2%
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2006
0.0584
42.5
2595
4780
68.3%
6.6%
25.2%
99.7%
0.3%
90.1%
81.6%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2007
0.0542
42.8
2676
4771
76.6%
5.0%
18.5%
0.1%
99.9%
93.7%
82.5%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2008
0.0546
43.6
2756
4839
81.9%
5.5%
12.6%
100.0%
95.3%
80.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2009
0.0509
44.6
2931
5056
93.0%
2.1%
4.9%
0.1%
99.9%
96.5%
89.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2010
0.0539
44.6
2906
4912
87.2%
2.7%
10.2%
100.0%
93.5%
93.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2011
0.0550
45.5
2971
5101
83.5%
1.8%
14.7%
100.0%
95.0%
94.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2012
0.0522
47.4
3144
5203
90.2%
0.7%
9.2%
100.0%
96.0%
99.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2013
0.0527
46.9
3124
4959
80.9%
1.9%
17.2%
100.0%
91.3%
99.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2014
0.0729
43.8
2519
5055
15.1%
8.0%
76.8%
100.0%
64.6%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2015
0.0496
43.2
2929
4393
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2016
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2017
Sedan/Wagon
L5
2018
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1980
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1983
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1984
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1987
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1988
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-28 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1989
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1998
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2000
0
0.000
14.5
9.8
15.2
12.1
907.6
585.5
733.5
3500
50.0
219
394
5.2
1.799
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2001
1
0.000
14.5
9.7
15.1
12.1
911.9
587.6
734.7
3500
50.0
219
394
5.1
1.799
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2002
23
0.003
22.5
15.1
22.5
18.5
580.9
390.0
481.1
4351
113.6
258
334
6.4
1.311
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2003
71
0.009
24.4
16.3
23.9
19.8
538.4
368.0
448.3
3980
101.7
206
263
7.6
1.269
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2004
172
0.023
24.6
16.3
24.3
20.0
540.0
362.8
445.0
3996
109.1
216
264
7.4
1.218
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2005
322
0.040
26.2
17.3
25.2
21.1
506.1
349.2
422.4
3897
113.0
193
229
8.0
1.179
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2006
851
0.106
27.6
18.2
26.4
22.1
482.6
335.7
403.2
3745
107.0
183
224
7.9
1.239
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2007
1100
0.136
27.3
18.0
26.3
21.9
488.2
335.1
405.2
3871
110.2
194
242
7.6
1.255
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2008
1197
0.164
27.2
17.9
26.4
21.9
491.0
334.4
406.0
3880
46.6
109.5
194
249
7.5
1.298
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2009
882
0.156
28.2
18.6
27.1
22.6
471.8
324.9
394.4
3838
46.4
109.3
188
239
7.6
1.290
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2010
1406
0.232
29.8
19.5
28.6
23.8
449.2
307.7
373.3
3738
46.8
112.1
181
226
7.8
1.252
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2011
2680
0.467
32.0
20.9
30.2
25.3
418.6
290.5
351.5
3632
46.6
112.2
163
210
8.2
1.299
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2012
3666
0.496
34.3
22.4
31.8
27.0
387.4
275.6
329.9
3476
45.7
112.1
151
194
8.4
1.298
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2013
4134
0.503
34.8
22.8
32.3
27.4
382.2
272.7
325.2
3474
46.0
112.1
147
198
8.3
1.367
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2014
3723
0.487
34.9
22.7
32.2
27.3
385.0
273.8
326.1
3510
46.2
112.6
147
199
8.3
1.377
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2015
3404
0.431
35.6
23.1
32.7
27.7
379.5
269.5
321.1
3508
46.3
113.0
144
196
8.3
1.386
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2016
3106
0.436
36.7
23.8
33.4
28.5
366.7
263.0
312.0
3449
46.3
113.3
135
187
8.5
1.418
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2017
2761
0.396
37.4
24.5
34.5
29.4
355.3
253.6
302.8
3405
46.3
113.1
131
184
8.5
1.433
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2018
-
0.266
38.1
24.8
34.0
29.3
350.6
257.9
303.0
3388
46.3
113.0
127
179
8.6
1.443
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1980
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1983
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1984
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1987
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1988
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1989
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-29 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1989
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1998
Sedan/Wagon
L6
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2000
0.1126
21.2
606
1060
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2001
0.1126
21.2
605
1058
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2002
0.0773
40.8
2153
4743
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2003
0.0651
39.7
2024
4081
25.0%
75.0%
100.0%
83.2%
75.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2004
0.0653
40.1
2199
4410
14.2%
8.4%
77.4%
99.4%
0.6%
91.0%
84.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2005
0.0578
41.3
2417
4702
55.8%
11.9%
32.3%
98.7%
1.3%
92.3%
43.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2006
0.0595
41.7
2396
4483
48.7%
10.6%
40.8%
96.7%
3.3%
94.1%
73.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2007
0.0622
42.6
2431
4717
60.5%
14.7%
24.8%
0.8%
99.2%
97.8%
59.0%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2008
0.0639
42.7
2419
4696
55.1%
18.6%
26.3%
14.7%
85.3%
97.9%
59.9%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2009
0.0618
43.8
2512
4801
59.0%
17.0%
23.9%
22.4%
74.2%
3.4%
97.1%
70.2%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2010
0.0599
44.7
2704
5024
72.6%
10.4%
17.1%
19.3%
80.6%
0.1%
96.9%
98.8%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2011
0.0570
46.3
2893
5204
81.5%
5.8%
12.7%
26.8%
71.4%
1.8%
98.1%
96.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2012
0.0551
47.2
3075
5292
91.2%
2.8%
6.0%
36.3%
62.4%
1.3%
98.7%
97.8%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2013
0.0562
47.8
3119
5370
91.0%
3.1%
5.9%
44.1%
53.7%
2.2%
98.8%
96.9%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2014
0.0558
48.2
3118
5431
89.6%
3.2%
7.2%
50.6%
47.3%
2.2%
98.0%
96.4%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2015
0.0552
48.9
88.7%
4.3%
7.0%
56.9%
41.4%
1.7%
98.6%
96.8%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2016
0.0535
49.3
92.3%
4.6%
3.0%
60.8%
39.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2017
0.0532
50.2
91.6%
5.0%
3.5%
59.6%
40.4%
99.7%
99.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L6
2018
0.0521
49.9
92.4%
6.6%
1.0%
72.9%
27.1%
99.7%
100.0%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1978
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1980
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1981
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1982
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1983
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1984
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1985
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1986
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1987
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1988
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1989
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-30 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L7
199S
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2000
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2001
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2002
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2004
35
0.005
21.9
14.6
21.6
17.9
606.4
410.6
496.S
4161
93.4
296
29S
6.4
1.006
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2005
39
0.005
22.9
15.2
22.5
IS.6
5S2.6
395.5
477.2
3951
79.1
279
293
6.2
1.066
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2006
166
0.021
23.7
15.S
22.7
19.1
553.2
3S6.5
465.1
4171
111.0
226
26S
7.1
1.211
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2007
170
0.021
23.0
15.3
22.4
IS.6
575.6
395.2
47S.1
4295
10S.S
246
300
6.9
1.236
Sedan/Wagon
L7
200S
17S
0.024
23.9
15.S
23.0
19.3
553.3
3S2.0
462.3
4227
47.S
106.5
239
295
6.9
1.240
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2009
174
0.031
25.1
16.6
24.1
20.2
52S.S
365.3
440.3
4093
46.7
99.3
229
299
6.6
1.315
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2010
200
0.033
25.1
16.7
24.0
20.2
527.0
36S.3
440.2
4157
47.9
104.7
227
296
6.7
1.306
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2011
246
0.043
25.S
17.2
24.5
20.7
514.2
361.7
429.6
4142
46.9
102.5
220
291
6.S
1.32S
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2012
24S
0.034
27.9
1S.4
26.5
22.3
47S.7
333.1
399.5
4092
47.1
103.3
203
29S
6.7
1.494
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2013
27S
0.034
2S.S
19.0
27.3
23.0
457.7
320.6
3S7.0
4055
46.9
9S.S
202
299
6.6
1.523
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2014
335
0.044
30.3
20.0
2S.4
24.1
436.3
30S.4
369.9
4093
47.2
103.2
197
295
6.7
1.534
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2015
292
0.037
30.S
20.3
2S.5
24.3
425.S
307.1
365.7
403S
4S.0
105.1
1S5
301
6.5
1.6S9
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2016
254
0.036
31.3
20.7
2S.5
24.6
41S.5
306.4
362.0
4019
4S.0
106.0
176
292
6.6
1.711
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2017
243
0.035
32.3
21.5
29.5
25.4
404.S
296.6
350.0
3971
47.3
104.0
154
277
6.S
1.S37
Sedan/Wagon
L7
201S
-
0.029
32.S
21.6
30.2
25.S
403.1
2S9.2
344.6
3S71
46.7
104.4
149
273
6.S
1.S47
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1975
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1976
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1977
Sedan/Wagon
LS
197S
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1979
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S0
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S1
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S2
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S3
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S4
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S5
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S6
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S7
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19SS
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S9
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1990
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-31 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1991
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L7
199S
Sedan/Wagon
L7
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2000
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2001
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2002
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2004
0.071S
37.3
16S4
3547
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2005
0.0745
36.S
1469
2965
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
26.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2006
0.0650
40.1
2136
4522
11.7%
88.3%
100.0%
100.0%
71.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2007
0.069S
40.2
2039
4423
12.7%
87.3%
97.7%
2.3%
100.0%
38.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
200S
0.0695
41.1
2070
4402
23.4%
76.6%
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
24.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2009
0.0731
41.6
2024
4154
28.9%
71.1%
1.1%
98.0%
0.9%
100.0%
72.6%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2010
0.0710
42.1
2121
4413
39.8%
60.2%
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2011
0.0703
43.1
2132
4427
44.2%
55.8%
8.0%
90.6%
1.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2012
0.0725
45.S
2321
4762
40.8%
59.2%
54.4%
44.3%
1.3%
100.0%
98.7%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2013
0.0732
47.1
2317
46SS
2.2%
41.7%
56.1%
73.6%
25.8%
0.6%
100.0%
99.4%
2.4%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2014
0.0716
49.7
2526
515S
10.1%
40.7%
49.3%
78.9%
20.1%
1.0%
100.0%
99.0%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2015
0.0740
49.5
2603
5225
9.5%
50.4%
40.1%
72.3%
27.3%
0.4%
100.0%
99.6%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2016
0.0721
49.S
2657
5304
10.1%
46.4%
43.5%
85.5%
14.1%
0.4%
100.0%
99.6%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
2017
0.0693
51.2
2692
5325
14.9%
50.5%
34.6%
85.2%
14.8%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
L7
201S
0.0701
50.6
2751
5307
22.2%
57.2%
20.5%
94.5%
5.5%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1975
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1976
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1977
Sedan/Wagon
LS
197S
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1979
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S0
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S1
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S2
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S3
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S4
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S5
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S6
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S7
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19SS
Sedan/Wagon
LS
19S9
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1990
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-32 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1991
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1992
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1993
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1994
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1995
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1996
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1997
Sedan/Wagon
LS
199S
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1999
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2000
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2001
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2002
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2003
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2004
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2005
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2006
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2007
35
0.004
25.2
16.5
24.7
20.4
537.0
359.4
435.S
4500
115.7
281
380
5.7
1.352
Sedan/Wagon
LS
200S
33
0.005
24.7
16.4
23.9
19.9
542.2
371.4
445.5
4497
51.2
113.8
284
382
5.7
1.343
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2009
10
0.002
24.2
16.0
23.6
19.6
554.3
376.5
453.4
4699
51.6
114.8
282
382
5.7
1.351
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2010
IS
0.003
24.2
15.9
23.7
19.6
556.2
372.5
453.7
4724
52.5
117.4
278
385
5.7
1.389
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2011
111
0.019
29.3
19.3
2S.1
23.5
454.1
312.7
377.7
4323
50.6
112.4
189
292
6.6
1.576
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2012
249
0.034
29.6
19.2
2S.7
23.7
457.6
305.9
375.6
4112
51.1
115.8
194
301
6.3
1.606
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2013
409
0.050
30.3
19.6
29.3
24.2
446.S
300.3
367.9
40S1
50.1
114.1
175
292
6.5
1.728
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2014
476
0.062
30.6
19.S
29.6
24.4
443.3
29S.0
366.3
4095
49.S
113.6
175
289
6.5
1.709
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2015
673
0.0S5
30.0
19.3
29.4
24.0
450.3
29S.3
370.6
40S5
49.9
110.9
197
302
6.4
1.618
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2016
77S
0.109
30.2
19.5
29.5
24.2
445.4
297.5
367.S
4043
49.5
109.4
198
308
6.3
1.650
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2017
636
0.091
30.3
19.6
29.6
24.3
442.6
295.9
366.1
4056
49.5
108.4
200
309
6.3
1.655
Sedan/Wagon
LS
201S
-
0.17S
34.2
22.1
31.9
26.S
3SS.2
271.7
331.S
3SS4
49.0
111.8
173
272
6.7
1.626
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L9
197S
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S0
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S1
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S2
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S3
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S4
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S5
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S6
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S7
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19SS
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S9
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1991
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-33 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1991
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1992
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1993
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1994
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1995
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1996
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1997
Sedan/Wagon
LS
199S
Sedan/Wagon
LS
1999
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2000
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2001
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2002
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2003
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2004
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2005
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2006
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2007
0.0S44
45.9
2360
5309
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
200S
0.0S53
44.9
2272
5120
6.3%
93.7%
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
100.0%
6.3%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2009
0.0S16
46.0
2251
5290
42.6%
57.4%
6.6%
93.4%
100.0%
100.0%
2.2%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2010
0.0S16
46.4
2311
544S
32.1%
67.9%
21.2%
78.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2011
0.0670
51.1
2670
5756
53.8%
46.2%
82.1%
17.9%
99.8%
100.0%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2012
0.072S
4S.9
2765
5661
37.0%
63.0%
65.9%
34.1%
99.9%
100.0%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2013
0.0710
49.5
27S4
5653
44.0%
56.0%
75.9%
24.1%
99.9%
100.0%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2014
0.0702
50.4
2S16
5732
46.1%
53.9%
67.6%
27.8%
4.6%
100.0%
95.4%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2015
0.0736
49.6
2713
551S
7.5%
32.2%
60.3%
65.2%
33.7%
1.0%
90.2%
99.0%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2016
0.0759
49.4
2696
5432
10.4%
30.8%
58.8%
65.6%
33.8%
0.6%
86.5%
99.4%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
2017
0.0761
49.9
2694
5451
14.0%
31.9%
54.1%
72.3%
27.1%
0.7%
86.5%
97.8%
Sedan/Wagon
LS
201S
0.0693
53.0
3094
5939
40.7%
23.7%
35.6%
50.4%
48.8%
0.9%
93.9%
98.5%
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1975
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1976
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1977
Sedan/Wagon
L9
197S
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1979
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S0
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S1
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S2
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S3
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S4
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S5
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S6
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S7
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19SS
Sedan/Wagon
L9
19S9
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1990
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1991
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-34 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1998
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2000
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2001
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2002
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2004
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2005
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2006
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2007
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2008
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2009
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2010
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2011
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2012
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2013
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2014
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2015
276
0.035
34.9
21.9
34.4
27.6
403.7
257.1
322.0
3649
47.1
116.0
167
215
7.3
1.276
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2016
109
0.015
35.1
22.0
34.3
27.7
401.4
257.3
321.0
3646
47.0
114.0
166
217
7.2
1.300
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2017
128
0.018
32.2
21.1
30.2
25.5
417.5
290.6
349.3
4008
49.5
107.5
159
279
6.4
1.814
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2018
-
0.040
32.7
21.4
30.2
25.6
412.9
293.0
347.4
4016
48.7
108.3
156
282
6.3
1.861
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1978
47
0.004
22.3
17.3
21.6
19.0
512.1
409.5
467.5
3441
113.5
219
100
15.0
0.459
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1979
23
0.002
22.1
17.4
20.9
18.8
506.8
424.2
472.9
3584
111.7
224
102
15.3
0.458
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1980
17
0.002
21.1
16.9
19.5
18.0
523.4
454.1
494.3
3526
109.1
228
111
14.7
0.485
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1981
9
0.001
21.4
16.9
20.2
18.2
525.7
439.8
487.2
3500
103.7
229
115
14.2
0.501
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1982
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1983
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1984
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1985
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1986
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1987
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1988
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1989
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1990
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1991
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1992
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-35 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1992
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1993
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1994
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1995
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1996
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1997
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1998
Sedan/Wagon
L9
1999
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2000
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2001
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2002
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2003
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2004
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2005
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2006
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2007
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2008
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2009
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2010
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2011
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2012
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2013
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2014
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2015
0.0583
50.4
89.5%
10.3%
0.2%
13.6%
86.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2016
0.0589
50.5
88.7%
8.4%
2.9%
19.5%
80.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2017
0.0688
51.2
27.6%
37.7%
34.7%
88.6%
10.2%
1.2%
100.0%
98.8%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
L9
2018
0.0698
51.7
2799
5591
37.3%
37.9%
24.7%
97.7%
2.3%
100.0%
97.7%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1978
0.0293
32.7
2173
3708
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1979
0.0286
33.8
2122
3783
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1980
0.0314
31.8
1964
3464
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1981
0.0328
31.9
1892
3311
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1982
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1983
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1984
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1985
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1986
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1987
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1988
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1989
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1990
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1991
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1992
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-36 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1993
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1994
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1995
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1996
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1997
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1998
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1999
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2000
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2001
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2002
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2003
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2004
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2005
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2006
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2007
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2008
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2009
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2010
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2011
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2012
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2013
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2014
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2015
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2016
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2017
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2018
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1978
1129
0.101
27.7
21.5
26.9
23.6
391.1
316.4
377.3
2567
88.4
123
82
14.4
0.701
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1979
1509
0.140
26.8
20.7
26.2
22.8
411.8
329.9
390.1
2606
89.9
124
83
15.5
0.696
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1980
1733
0.183
28.0
21.5
27.6
23.9
402.7
319.5
375.1
2582
93.9
123
80
16.0
0.659
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1981
1335
0.153
31.2
24.1
30.6
26.6
360.4
286.6
335.9
2499
99.0
116
78
15.8
0.692
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1982
1074
0.137
31.3
24.0
31.1
26.7
359.7
280.6
333.9
2557
94.7
117
77
17.3
0.675
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1983
542
0.068
33.7
26.1
32.7
28.7
328.0
266.1
310.6
2494
98.6
112
75
15.9
0.682
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1984
668
0.063
35.1
27.2
34.2
30.0
317.3
255.5
297.9
2505
93.6
112
77
15.6
0.695
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1985
444
0.041
36.4
28.2
35.4
31.0
305.6
245.5
286.5
2508
98.5
110
81
14.9
0.733
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1986
489
0.044
34.9
26.9
33.6
29.6
317.7
256.7
300.4
2535
95.5
114
83
14.2
0.738
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1987
344
0.032
35.9
28.0
33.3
30.2
308.0
258.6
293.9
2417
94.4
100
77
14.9
0.769
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1988
487
0.045
37.1
29.0
33.9
31.1
299.8
258.2
285.6
2354
96.4
97
74
15.1
0.761
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1989
315
0.031
38.1
29.3
35.1
31.8
298.6
249.7
279.6
2380
98.0
96
79
13.9
0.824
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1990
195
0.022
37.6
28.7
34.4
31.2
307.1
256.6
284.7
2462
97.1
97
86
12.4
0.892
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1991
143
0.017
38.8
29.8
34.7
32.0
297.4
255.4
277.7
2417
97.2
92
89
12.1
0.975
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1992
107
0.013
38.5
29.1
34.7
31.6
305.0
255.7
281.1
2376
96.4
92
88
11.9
0.963
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1993
78
0.009
38.6
29.1
34.3
31.5
304.9
258.5
281.9
2308
96.2
90
81
11.5
0.911
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-37 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1993
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1994
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1995
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1996
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1997
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1998
Sedan/Wagon
M3
1999
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2000
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2001
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2002
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2003
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2004
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2005
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2006
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2007
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2008
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2009
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2010
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2011
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2012
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2013
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2014
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2015
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2016
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2017
Sedan/Wagon
M3
2018
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1978
0.0316
30.9
2208
2753
44.2%
55.8%
75.1%
21.2%
3.7%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1979
0.0313
30.1
2133
2723
32.0%
2.5%
65.5%
87.5%
9.8%
2.7%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1980
0.0306
31.2
2307
2944
47.2%
2.6%
50.2%
83.9%
8.3%
7.7%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1981
0.0312
33.7
2697
3329
62.3%
3.4%
34.3%
88.8%
4.3%
6.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1982
0.0299
34.5
2596
3272
69.6%
3.7%
26.6%
88.5%
4.4%
3.6%
3.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1983
0.0299
36.3
2912
3578
65.4%
7.8%
26.8%
76.0%
7.5%
13.0%
3.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1984
0.0306
38.0
2902
3568
61.2%
5.5%
33.3%
61.8%
5.7%
28.8%
3.7%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1985
0.0319
39.3
3148
3886
74.5%
0.8%
24.6%
72.1%
9.0%
18.4%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1986
0.0324
38.2
2944
3676
74.2%
0.9%
25.0%
76.4%
14.4%
9.1%
0.1%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1987
0.0314
37.2
2944
3526
92.0%
1.0%
7.0%
54.7%
14.2%
31.2%
22.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1988
0.0311
37.0
3066
3579
97.9%
0.6%
1.4%
44.4%
19.5%
36.1%
18.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1989
0.0330
38.1
3165
3742
99.3%
0.3%
0.4%
34.4%
20.9%
44.7%
35.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1990
0.0350
38.6
3057
3761
99.6%
0.4%
9.7%
31.9%
58.4%
57.4%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1991
0.0370
38.7
3121
3769
100.0%
0.4%
69.5%
30.1%
78.7%
11.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1992
0.0372
37.6
3052
3623
100.0%
97.5%
2.5%
80.8%
20.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1993
0.0354
36.4
3033
3499
100.0%
95.8%
4.2%
76.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-38 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1994
53
0.006
39.2
29.3
34.9
31.9
303.8
254.6
278.7
2250
95.0
89
82
11.2
0.921
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1995
18
0.002
42.5
31.1
38.0
34.3
285.5
234.1
259.0
2250
90.0
91
93
10.5
1.022
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1996
20
0.003
42.6
30.9
37.8
34.2
287.2
234.8
260.0
2250
90.0
91
93
11.0
1.022
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1997
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1998
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1999
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2000
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2001
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2002
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2003
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2004
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2005
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2006
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2007
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2008
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2009
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2010
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2011
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2012
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2013
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2014
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2015
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2016
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2017
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2018
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1978
1037
0.093
28.7
22.3
27.8
24.5
377.5
310.5
363.0
2564
86.2
114
85
14.1
0.753
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1979
742
0.069
25.9
19.8
25.7
22.1
429.6
335.7
402.7
2633
82.6
117
85
14.9
0.724
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1980
1173
0.124
29.1
22.4
28.5
24.8
383.7
305.5
358.9
2541
86.7
110
80
15.3
0.726
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1981
1264
0.145
31.8
24.8
30.6
27.1
350.3
286.8
329.4
2488
87.2
110
79
15.4
0.710
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1982
1210
0.155
32.3
25.1
31.2
27.5
343.6
279.8
324.5
2519
89.8
114
81
16.2
0.710
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1983
1543
0.193
31.9
24.6
31.4
27.3
346.2
274.2
326.3
2583
93.3
120
87
14.4
0.732
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1984
1908
0.179
31.5
24.2
31.1
26.9
352.4
278.8
331.7
2646
94.3
125
94
13.7
0.757
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1985
2019
0.187
32.1
24.6
31.7
27.4
345.4
273.0
325.4
2629
93.8
122
96
13.4
0.791
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1986
2239
0.203
32.2
24.7
31.6
27.4
343.7
273.9
324.7
2684
96.0
122
97
12.8
0.805
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1987
2328
0.217
31.9
24.2
31.2
27.0
352.4
278.2
329.5
2719
95.5
122
99
13.0
0.821
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1988
2117
0.197
32.3
24.3
31.4
27.2
348.5
275.6
326.6
2738
96.8
122
104
12.9
0.852
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1989
1784
0.178
31.8
23.8
31.0
26.7
358.3
280.2
332.5
2786
98.0
125
108
12.0
0.883
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1990
1528
0.173
31.2
23.2
30.0
26.1
367.6
289.1
340.7
2834
95.9
125
118
10.7
0.967
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1991
1599
0.188
32.3
23.9
30.8
26.9
356.0
280.7
330.9
2796
95.7
121
117
10.9
0.974
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1992
1299
0.160
32.5
23.8
31.2
26.9
355.7
276.8
329.9
2813
96.7
122
121
10.4
1.009
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1993
1416
0.167
33.3
24.2
31.7
27.5
350.6
273.0
323.5
2771
97.1
120
117
9.9
0.978
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1994
1329
0.158
33.4
24.1
31.8
27.5
352.8
272.0
323.2
2831
97.8
123
119
9.8
0.986
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-39 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1994
0.0364
35.9
3029
3408
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1995
0.0413
38.6
3088
3474
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1996
0.0413
38.5
3077
3461
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1997
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1998
Sedan/Wagon
M4
1999
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2000
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2001
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2002
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2003
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2004
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2005
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2006
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2007
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2008
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2009
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2010
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2011
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2012
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2013
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2014
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2015
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2016
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2017
Sedan/Wagon
M4
2018
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1978
0.0326
32.0
2203
2767
20.5%
79.5%
94.2%
5.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1979
0.0318
29.7
1926
2471
33.8%
66.2%
81.7%
16.3%
2.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1980
0.0313
32.0
2240
2792
39.2%
60.8%
78.1%
19.5%
2.4%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1981
0.0313
34.1
2445
2993
49.8%
50.2%
74.5%
20.2%
5.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1982
0.0318
35.2
2577
3190
56.1%
0.2%
43.7%
74.9%
20.2%
4.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1983
0.0331
35.8
2670
3375
66.4%
6.1%
27.5%
67.3%
25.0%
7.0%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1984
0.0349
36.3
2649
3439
69.6%
1.4%
29.0%
56.9%
31.0%
8.9%
3.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1985
0.0358
36.5
2678
3446
70.3%
5.8%
23.9%
55.6%
33.2%
9.3%
2.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1986
0.0356
37.3
2728
3582
78.6%
3.6%
17.9%
41.2%
45.7%
12.0%
1.1%
15.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1987
0.0358
37.1
2660
3547
79.2%
3.4%
17.4%
37.9%
45.6%
16.3%
0.2%
30.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1988
0.0370
37.7
2728
3657
83.0%
3.1%
13.9%
26.0%
48.7%
25.3%
39.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1989
0.0382
37.6
2700
3691
83.2%
3.2%
13.6%
16.4%
59.0%
24.3%
0.2%
46.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1990
0.0410
37.3
2576
3590
83.5%
2.6%
13.9%
2.0%
77.0%
20.9%
0.1%
63.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1991
0.0409
38.0
2659
3646
84.3%
3.1%
12.5%
0.2%
75.9%
23.6%
0.3%
61.1%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1992
0.0423
38.4
2705
3725
85.1%
3.4%
11.5%
0.1%
86.4%
13.5%
0.1%
62.9%
7.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1993
0.0415
38.6
2764
3757
89.3%
2.3%
8.4%
86.3%
13.7%
59.0%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1994
0.0414
39.4
2783
3867
88.7%
1.0%
10.3%
90.2%
9.8%
61.4%
14.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-40 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1995
1476
0.157
33.2
23.7
31.8
27.3
361.1
273.3
325.8
2869
99.2
125
126
9.8
1.026
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1996
1125
0.143
33.2
23.5
31.8
27.2
365.8
274.4
327.1
2912
100.1
128
130
10.0
1.029
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1997
1096
0.132
33.3
23.4
31.7
27.1
368.3
275.6
327.5
2897
98.7
125
129
9.9
1.048
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1998
955
0.120
32.9
22.9
31.2
26.7
376.8
280.2
333.6
2961
99.6
130
134
10.1
1.052
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1999
870
0.104
32.0
22.2
30.1
25.9
390.0
290.5
344.0
3001
98.7
131
139
9.8
1.079
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2000
941
0.103
31.8
22.0
29.7
25.6
393.3
294.4
348.0
3017
99.3
134
141
9.3
1.084
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2001
851
0.101
32.0
22.0
29.8
25.7
392.9
293.7
346.6
3049
99.8
134
144
9.1
1.095
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2002
779
0.094
32.0
21.8
29.6
25.5
397.4
295.8
348.6
3081
102.4
133
147
9.2
1.126
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2003
689
0.087
32.1
21.8
29.6
25.6
397.2
295.5
348.7
3139
102.7
134
153
9.0
1.159
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2004
532
0.071
32.5
21.9
29.8
25.7
396.0
294.4
346.4
3095
103.6
134
154
8.9
1.164
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2005
561
0.070
32.4
21.7
29.5
25.6
398.8
296.0
348.4
3112
104.5
136
157
8.8
1.166
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2006
514
0.064
32.1
21.4
29.3
25.3
404.2
299.3
352.2
3166
102.5
139
160
8.9
1.161
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2007
458
0.057
32.7
21.8
30.0
25.8
395.5
291.4
344.6
3116
102.0
140
161
8.8
1.161
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2008
388
0.053
33.0
22.1
29.9
25.9
389.9
292.0
342.8
3152
42.4
103.6
137
162
8.9
1.194
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2009
250
0.044
34.2
22.9
30.7
26.7
379.1
285.6
333.1
3107
42.3
105.6
130
153
8.9
1.191
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2010
166
0.027
34.4
23.0
30.9
27.0
375.3
282.6
329.8
3130
42.7
106.4
136
161
8.8
1.193
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2011
111
0.019
35.4
24.0
31.0
27.5
363.3
282.8
322.9
3092
42.2
109.1
120
156
9.1
1.279
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2012
143
0.019
37.8
25.3
33.1
29.3
345.4
265.6
303.8
2995
41.5
103.9
115
145
9.2
1.250
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2013
131
0.016
37.8
25.3
32.8
29.1
344.3
266.9
305.8
2963
40.9
103.3
112
154
9.0
1.359
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2014
98
0.013
37.7
25.2
33.0
29.1
344.9
264.3
305.4
2961
41.7
105.9
110
147
9.3
1.315
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2015
75
0.009
39.9
26.3
34.6
30.5
332.4
253.6
291.6
2953
41.2
103.7
103
133
9.7
1.283
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2016
45
0.006
41.1
26.6
36.2
31.4
332.4
244.1
283.4
3033
41.9
107.2
102
137
9.4
1.361
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2017
52
0.008
42.0
27.3
37.7
32.4
322.7
233.4
274.1
2957
41.9
107.3
96
134
9.5
1.417
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2018
-
0.005
40.4
26.5
35.2
30.8
332.6
250.6
288.3
2944
41.3
107.4
101
132
9.6
1.315
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1978
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1979
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1980
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1981
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1982
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1983
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1984
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1985
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1986
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1987
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1988
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1989
4
0.000
22.7
16.0
25.0
19.3
554.1
355.1
459.7
3500
50.0
350
240
7.1
0.686
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1990
8
0.001
22.3
15.7
24.2
18.9
565.7
367.2
470.5
3503
50.0
350
302
5.9
0.864
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1991
6
0.001
21.9
15.3
23.8
18.5
574.3
370.2
479.2
3583
53.3
346
296
6.1
0.857
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1992
6
0.001
22.7
15.9
24.2
19.1
555.2
366.5
465.0
3532
52.8
339
303
5.8
0.914
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1993
14
0.002
22.8
15.9
24.0
19.1
555.0
369.2
464.1
3541
73.4
333
284
5.7
0.896
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1994
27
0.003
23.0
15.9
24.6
19.3
557.6
359.5
459.6
3608
79.5
325
276
5.8
0.932
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1995
35
0.004
22.6
15.5
24.3
19.0
568.6
364.4
467.5
3637
79.2
311
269
6.1
0.934
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-41 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1995
0.0433
39.5
2787
3929
86.1%
2.2%
11.7%
97.1%
2.9%
69.0%
14.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1996
0.0441
39.9
2792
4004
86.6%
3.1%
10.4%
96.3%
3.3%
0.4%
69.2%
19.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1997
0.0441
39.6
2744
3926
86.4%
3.4%
10.2%
98.1%
1.6%
0.3%
69.4%
17.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1998
0.0448
39.9
2723
3982
83.8%
4.5%
11.7%
97.6%
1.2%
1.2%
70.7%
26.6%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
1999
0.0460
39.1
2610
3882
83.5%
4.7%
11.8%
98.1%
0.9%
1.0%
71.4%
26.6%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2000
0.0465
38.9
2598
3882
78.9%
4.3%
16.8%
97.9%
0.5%
1.6%
68.2%
33.3%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2001
0.0468
39.5
2628
3963
82.2%
4.6%
13.3%
98.4%
1.6%
73.5%
36.8%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2002
0.0472
39.7
2672
4077
78.7%
9.1%
12.2%
98.2%
1.8%
76.2%
34.9%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2003
0.0484
40.7
2697
4198
82.7%
5.9%
11.4%
97.1%
2.9%
82.8%
37.8%
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2004
0.0492
40.3
2729
4186
83.1%
6.7%
10.2%
97.9%
2.1%
86.8%
47.0%
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2005
0.0497
40.2
2737
4214
83.0%
7.5%
9.5%
98.4%
1.6%
90.3%
62.1%
0.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2006
0.0499
40.6
2663
4181
80.2%
6.4%
13.3%
96.8%
3.2%
90.8%
65.6%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2007
0.0509
40.6
2703
4162
79.3%
5.3%
15.4%
0.5%
99.5%
93.2%
63.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2008
0.0504
41.2
2754
4276
77.8%
9.6%
12.6%
0.4%
99.6%
96.2%
62.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2009
0.0488
41.8
2874
4418
84.2%
9.6%
6.2%
1.8%
98.2%
98.8%
78.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2010
0.0503
42.5
2937
4525
82.2%
6.7%
11.1%
0.6%
99.4%
97.3%
91.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2011
0.0496
42.8
3046
4669
81.9%
17.6%
0.5%
100.0%
96.5%
91.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2012
0.0477
43.9
3057
4567
88.7%
10.8%
0.5%
12.6%
87.4%
95.2%
95.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2013
0.0508
43.3
3034
4470
82.7%
16.9%
0.4%
12.8%
87.2%
96.7%
96.7%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2014
0.0484
43.3
3134
4590
81.8%
17.9%
0.3%
21.7%
78.3%
92.8%
92.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2015
0.0443
45.1
3195
4686
88.0%
11.4%
0.5%
16.1%
83.9%
92.8%
92.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2016
0.0448
47.5
3364
5108
86.1%
12.3%
1.6%
46.6%
53.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2017
0.0450
48.0
3497
5167
88.7%
11.2%
0.1%
57.3%
42.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M5
2018
0.0445
45.4
3325
4885
81.2%
18.8%
42.3%
57.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1978
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1979
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1980
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1981
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1982
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1983
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1984
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1985
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1986
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1987
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1988
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1989
0.0686
33.8
967
1692
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1990
0.0863
33.1
945
1655
100.0%
100.0%
37.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1991
0.0831
33.3
982
1770
100.0%
100.0%
30.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1992
0.0860
33.9
1008
1784
100.0%
100.0%
16.2%
9.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1993
0.0804
34.0
1416
2513
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
19.2%
4.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1994
0.0765
35.0
1551
2810
12.1%
87.9%
100.0%
24.2%
4.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1995
0.0740
34.7
1522
2774
6.0%
1.5%
92.5%
100.0%
15.9%
20.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-42 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1996
27
0.003
21.9
14.9
23.6
18.4
593.2
372.2
483.2
3623
73.2
323
291
6.0
0.954
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1997
26
0.003
22.3
15.1
23.7
18.6
575.0
369.2
476.6
3675
79.4
309
320
5.7
1.090
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1998
23
0.003
23.4
15.8
24.5
19.5
552.3
359.2
456.6
3654
76.5
327
319
5.8
1.002
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1999
43
0.005
24.2
16.4
24.8
20.0
533.4
355.1
444.5
3537
72.6
294
300
6.1
1.075
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2000
78
0.009
24.6
16.7
24.5
20.2
519.5
357.7
440.4
3405
75.5
240
271
6.2
1.284
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2001
105
0.013
24.4
16.6
24.0
19.9
526.9
366.1
445.5
3512
73.5
210
274
6.2
1.450
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2002
148
0.018
26.1
17.6
25.4
21.2
492.5
346.0
418.9
3361
83.3
202
249
6.6
1.375
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2003
196
0.025
26.6
18.0
25.4
21.5
483.5
345.1
413.7
3355
82.4
188
251
6.6
1.409
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2004
234
0.031
25.8
17.3
24.8
20.8
505.5
353.2
426.3
3469
87.1
186
253
6.6
1.427
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2005
184
0.023
26.0
17.3
24.9
20.9
503.0
352.2
425.1
3438
83.8
186
262
6.5
1.548
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2006
235
0.029
26.6
17.6
25.5
21.4
495.5
344.2
415.6
3458
86.3
185
258
6.6
1.491
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2007
227
0.028
27.7
18.3
26.4
22.2
469.8
330.9
400.9
3476
89.9
177
248
6.9
1.484
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2008
196
0.027
27.4
18.1
26.2
22.0
472.8
332.3
404.2
3488
43.4
90.6
188
264
6.7
1.481
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2009
132
0.023
29.3
19.4
27.7
23.4
437.9
313.9
382.2
3452
43.3
92.3
180
251
6.9
1.469
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2010
178
0.029
28.8
19.0
27.6
23.1
452.8
317.8
388.2
3605
45.3
99.4
209
270
6.9
1.349
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2011
201
0.035
30.4
20.0
28.6
24.1
426.9
304.9
370.8
3560
44.7
97.8
187
256
7.1
1.409
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2012
271
0.037
32.6
21.5
30.5
25.9
398.7
285.8
346.4
3434
44.3
102.3
163
227
7.5
1.433
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2013
329
0.040
32.5
21.5
30.4
25.8
399.2
285.8
346.5
3402
44.5
100.9
160
234
7.3
1.513
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2014
247
0.032
32.3
21.2
30.3
25.6
403.4
288.2
349.8
3473
45.0
103.2
168
241
7.2
1.475
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2015
280
0.035
31.9
21.1
29.9
25.3
403.5
290.4
352.3
3444
44.9
104.5
165
245
7.1
1.538
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2016
239
0.034
31.3
20.7
29.2
24.8
407.3
294.7
357.8
3417
44.6
102.1
165
259
6.8
1.630
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2017
245
0.035
31.8
21.0
29.8
25.3
401.2
287.5
352.0
3407
44.6
103.0
156
257
6.8
1.723
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2018
-
0.042
33.1
22.0
30.9
26.3
384.4
279.3
337.7
3396
45.2
105.3
144
247
6.9
1.791
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1978
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1979
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1980
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1981
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1982
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1983
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1984
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1985
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1986
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1987
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1988
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1989
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1990
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1991
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1992
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1993
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1994
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1995
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1996
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-43 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1996
0.0807
33.6
1369
2509
13.3%
86.7%
100.0%
3.7%
24.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1997
0.0875
34.9
1530
2841
10.6%
89.4%
100.0%
19.2%
33.9%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1998
0.0878
36.0
1517
2800
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
14.2%
21.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
1999
0.0845
35.6
1462
2616
7.0%
3.7%
89.3%
100.0%
37.4%
29.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2000
0.0790
34.5
1560
2653
15.1%
10.2%
74.7%
100.0%
61.1%
47.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2001
0.0779
35.2
1467
2621
2.8%
34.7%
62.5%
100.0%
73.9%
33.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2002
0.0734
35.9
1810
3028
37.4%
11.4%
51.3%
100.0%
75.4%
53.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2003
0.0738
36.3
1817
3018
43.0%
5.9%
51.1%
100.0%
90.9%
65.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2004
0.0723
36.5
1854
3206
32.1%
14.8%
53.1%
100.0%
81.3%
57.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2005
0.0757
36.3
1797
3087
33.3%
12.7%
53.9%
100.0%
80.0%
60.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2006
0.0743
37.2
1887
3267
38.6%
12.1%
49.3%
100.0%
86.7%
78.7%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2007
0.0709
39.0
2060
3561
44.7%
17.2%
38.1%
5.4%
94.6%
90.8%
65.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2008
0.0748
38.9
2060
3564
47.2%
11.8%
41.0%
19.0%
81.0%
91.2%
77.6%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2009
0.0713
41.4
2277
3879
58.0%
7.5%
34.5%
26.5%
66.7%
6.8%
85.5%
77.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2010
0.0731
42.6
2402
4285
46.7%
8.4%
44.9%
24.2%
67.0%
8.8%
74.5%
67.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2011
0.0701
44.0
2466
4342
49.2%
10.6%
40.2%
27.0%
66.3%
6.8%
88.6%
80.6%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2012
0.0641
45.3
2765
4667
65.9%
6.8%
27.3%
35.5%
57.3%
7.2%
92.6%
86.2%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2013
0.0669
44.8
2721
4566
61.3%
5.6%
33.1%
36.2%
58.7%
5.1%
92.3%
88.3%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2014
0.0675
45.3
2760
4709
61.7%
4.9%
33.4%
40.8%
53.5%
5.7%
92.9%
88.5%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2015
0.0690
44.6
2774
4686
56.7%
12.4%
30.8%
50.8%
44.7%
4.5%
92.1%
92.3%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2016
0.0731
43.2
2648
4447
49.5%
15.7%
34.8%
63.5%
36.5%
92.2%
99.7%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2017
0.0732
44.0
2736
4574
49.8%
19.4%
30.8%
68.3%
31.5%
0.1%
94.6%
98.7%
Sedan/Wagon
M6
2018
0.0706
45.6
2912
4851
63.6%
9.1%
27.2%
75.7%
23.6%
0.7%
94.7%
98.2%
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1975
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1976
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1977
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1978
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1979
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1980
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1981
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1982
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1983
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1984
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1985
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1986
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1987
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1988
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1989
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1990
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1991
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1992
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1993
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1994
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1995
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1996
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-44 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1997
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1998
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1999
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2000
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2001
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2002
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2003
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2004
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2005
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2006
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2007
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2008
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2009
0
0.000
19.0
12.6
18.9
15.6
705.0
470.5
571.3
4000
46.5
50.0
262
450
4.6
1.718
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2010
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2011
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2012
1
0.000
28.5
18.8
26.8
22.7
472.8
331.3
392.2
3500
40.2
74.2
220
375
4.9
1.706
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2013
2
0.000
28.4
18.8
26.6
22.6
471.9
334.2
393.5
3500
40.5
74.2
221
379
4.9
1.709
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2014
13
0.002
27.3
17.4
28.0
22.2
510.5
317.3
400.6
3501
45.5
52.7
361
442
4.3
1.247
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2015
11
0.001
25.3
16.4
25.3
20.5
537.5
346.7
432.7
3700
46.1
52.6
362
513
4.1
1.433
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2016
9
0.001
25.2
16.4
25.2
20.4
539.8
348.5
434.8
3708
45.9
52.3
364
518
4.0
1.438
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2017
8
0.001
25.9
16.7
26.3
21.1
525.8
332.7
421.0
3658
45.3
54.2
345
487
4.1
1.480
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2018
-
0.001
26.3
17.2
25.6
21.2
510.0
344.4
419.6
3640
43.7
61.2
288
454
4.3
1.723
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1975
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1976
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1977
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1978
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1979
50
0.005
36.9
29.4
34.0
31.3
301.6
260.9
283.6
2122
87.3
91
73
15.6
0.801
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1980
60
0.006
36.6
29.4
33.5
31.1
301.6
265.3
285.6
2164
87.3
94
77
15.6
0.816
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1981
51
0.006
34.9
27.9
32.0
29.6
317.9
277.6
299.9
2250
87.8
96
78
15.6
0.816
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1982
37
0.005
36.6
29.3
33.5
31.1
302.3
264.7
285.9
2200
87.8
91
67
18.1
0.740
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1983
36
0.005
35.4
28.3
32.7
30.1
310.4
270.3
295.0
2278
89.2
94
70
16.6
0.748
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1984
3
0.000
33.1
26.4
30.6
28.2
334.3
289.1
315.6
2545
93.5
117
88
14.7
0.758
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1985
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1986
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1987
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1988
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1989
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1990
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1991
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1992
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1993
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1994
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1995
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1996
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1997
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-45 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1997
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1998
Sedan/Wagon
M7
1999
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2000
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2001
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2002
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2003
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2004
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2005
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2006
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2007
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2008
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2009
0.1125
31.1
778
1556
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2010
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2011
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2012
0.1071
39.7
1682
2944
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2013
0.1082
39.5
1676
2933
18.4%
81.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2014
0.1264
38.8
1171
2049
2.7%
97.3%
100.0%
11.1%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2015
0.1379
38.1
1094
2010
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
10.8%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2016
0.1389
38.0
1083
1993
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
9.6%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2017
0.1325
38.9
1167
2122
5.8%
94.2%
98.7%
1.3%
18.3%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
M7
2018
0.1243
38.8
1331
2413
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
46.1%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1975
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1976
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1977
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1978
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1979
0.0345
33.3
2738
2903
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1980
0.0354
33.7
2719
2939
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1981
0.0349
33.4
2603
2928
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1982
0.0307
34.2
2734
3003
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1983
0.0309
34.4
2706
3067
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1984
0.0348
35.8
2643
3352
100.0%
89.1%
10.9%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1985
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1986
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1987
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1988
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1989
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1990
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1991
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1992
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1993
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1994
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1995
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1996
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1997
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-46 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1998
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1999
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2000
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2001
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2002
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2003
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2004
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2005
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2006
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2007
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2008
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2009
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2010
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2011
14
0.002
119.1
89.6
74.0
80.0
0.0
0.0
48.0
3627
44.2
108.1
85
121
9.7
1.753
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2012
51
0.007
94.2
70.0
62.6
65.6
0.0
0.0
105.9
3817
45.6
110.9
96
157
8.9
1.518
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2013
105
0.013
103.5
92.8
73.6
80.8
0.0
0.0
69.4
3870
46.1
112.9
102
175
8.6
1.582
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2014
105
0.014
100.5
77.2
61.0
67.0
0.0
0.0
92.8
3844
45.7
109.3
97
185
8.1
1.920
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2015
123
0.016
115.5
88.4
71.3
77.8
0.0
0.0
57.2
3839
45.6
109.7
98
195
8.0
2.181
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2016
104
0.015
123.5
95.4
81.8
87.1
0.0
0.0
49.5
4045
46.7
111.0
105
191
7.4
1.251
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2017
201
0.029
139.6
120.0
75.2
89.6
0.0
0.0
62.5
3955
45.7
111.4
103
153
7.6
1.114
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2018
-
0.057
136.1
86.1
74.0
78.7
0.0
0.0
27.8
4013
47.4
112.7
97
220
6.2
1.176
Car SUV
A1
1975
Car SUV
A1
1976
Car SUV
A1
1977
Car SUV
A1
1978
Car SUV
A1
1979
Car SUV
A1
1980
Car SUV
A1
1981
Car SUV
A1
1982
Car SUV
A1
1983
Car SUV
A1
1984
Car SUV
A1
1985
Car SUV
A1
1986
Car SUV
A1
1987
Car SUV
A1
1988
Car SUV
A1
1989
Car SUV
A1
1990
Car SUV
A1
1991
Car SUV
A1
1992
Car SUV
A1
1993
Car SUV
A1
1994
Car SUV
A1
1995
Car SUV
A1
1996
Car SUV
A1
1997
Car SUV
A1
1998
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-47 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1998
Sedan/Wagon
OT
1999
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2000
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2001
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2002
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2003
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2004
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2005
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2006
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2007
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2008
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2009
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2010
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2011
0.0328
151.9
9195
16576
91.5%
8.5%
31.1%
31.1%
31.1%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2012
0.0397
133.0
7867
14782
86.7%
5.7%
7.6%
67.7%
67.7%
67.7%
67.7%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2013
0.0440
173.4
10126
19585
82.1%
17.0%
0.8%
52.8%
52.8%
52.8%
52.8%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2014
0.0470
141.9
8115
15597
70.6%
2.9%
26.5%
1.5%
57.3%
58.7%
53.1%
58.7%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2015
0.0484
167.9
9692
18675
68.6%
18.0%
13.3%
2.7%
32.9%
35.6%
30.2%
35.6%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2016
0.0447
188.2
10376
21157
64.7%
20.8%
14.5%
16.2%
24.1%
40.3%
36.7%
40.3%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2017
0.0375
189.0
10616
21207
77.1%
10.3%
12.5%
25.2%
32.5%
57.8%
54.3%
57.8%
Sedan/Wagon
OT
2018
0.0537
169.1
9508
19087
40.2%
15.8%
44.1%
13.2%
14.8%
27.9%
25.4%
27.9%
Car SUV
A1
1975
Car SUV
A1
1976
Car SUV
A1
1977
Car SUV
A1
1978
Car SUV
A1
1979
Car SUV
A1
1980
Car SUV
A1
1981
Car SUV
A1
1982
Car SUV
A1
1983
Car SUV
A1
1984
Car SUV
A1
1985
Car SUV
A1
1986
Car SUV
A1
1987
Car SUV
A1
1988
Car SUV
A1
1989
Car SUV
A1
1990
Car SUV
A1
1991
Car SUV
A1
1992
Car SUV
A1
1993
Car SUV
A1
1994
Car SUV
A1
1995
Car SUV
A1
1996
Car SUV
A1
1997
Car SUV
A1
1998
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-48 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
A1
1999
Car SUV
A1
2000
Car SUV
A1
2001
Car SUV
A1
2002
Car SUV
A1
2003
Car SUV
A1
2004
Car SUV
A1
2005
Car SUV
A1
2006
Car SUV
A1
2007
Car SUV
A1
2008
Car SUV
A1
2009
Car SUV
A1
2010
Car SUV
A1
2011
Car SUV
A1
2012
Car SUV
A1
2013
Car SUV
A1
2014
Car SUV
A1
2015
0
0.000
71.1
49.3
50.7
50.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
4500
45.2
134
12.5
Car SUV
A1
2016
0
0.000
71.1
49.3
50.7
50.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
4500
45.2
134
12.0
Car SUV
A1
2017
0
0.000
71.1
48.6
51.3
50.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
4500
45.2
134
12.5
Car SUV
A1
2018
Car SUV
A3
1975
Car SUV
A3
1976
Car SUV
A3
1977
Car SUV
A3
1978
3
0.158
17.0
13.5
15.7
14.4
654.0
563.8
616.3
4000
281
131
14.2
0.465
Car SUV
A3
1979
9
0.583
20.8
17.5
17.7
17.6
509.0
501.9
505.8
2750
121
80
17.8
0.661
Car SUV
A3
1980
0
0.094
14.3
11.6
12.9
12.1
765.5
690.5
731.7
4000
304
122
15.8
0.401
Car SUV
A3
1981
Car SUV
A3
1982
11
0.865
23.6
20.7
19.1
19.9
429.1
466.0
445.8
2500
151
84
17.5
0.556
Car SUV
A3
1983
13
0.376
23.2
20.4
18.7
19.6
436.0
476.0
454.2
2500
151
87
15.6
0.580
Car SUV
A3
1984
9
0.158
18.4
15.8
15.3
15.6
550.5
570.8
571.2
3472
220
105
15.8
0.500
Car SUV
A3
1985
Car SUV
A3
1986
Car SUV
A3
1987
Car SUV
A3
1988
Car SUV
A3
1989
Car SUV
A3
1990
Car SUV
A3
1991
Car SUV
A3
1992
Car SUV
A3
1993
Car SUV
A3
1994
25
0.076
22.1
17.3
18.9
18.0
515.2
470.9
492.4
3500
134
118
12.4
0.881
Car SUV
A3
1995
Car SUV
A3
1996
Car SUV
A3
1997
Car SUV
A3
1998
Car SUV
A3
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-49 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
A1
1999
Car SUV
A1
2000
Car SUV
A1
2001
Car SUV
A1
2002
Car SUV
A1
2003
Car SUV
A1
2004
Car SUV
A1
2005
Car SUV
A1
2006
Car SUV
A1
2007
Car SUV
A1
2008
Car SUV
A1
2009
Car SUV
A1
2010
Car SUV
A1
2011
Car SUV
A1
2012
Car SUV
A1
2013
Car SUV
A1
2014
Car SUV
A1
2015
0.0298
112.7
100.0%
Car SUV
A1
2016
0.0298
112.7
100.0%
Car SUV
A1
2017
0.0298
112.7
100.0%
Car SUV
A1
2018
Car SUV
A3
1975
Car SUV
A3
1976
Car SUV
A3
1977
Car SUV
A3
1978
0.0327
29.0
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A3
1979
0.0291
24.2
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A3
1980
0.0305
24.3
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A3
1981
Car SUV
A3
1982
0.0336
24.9
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A3
1983
0.0350
24.5
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A3
1984
0.0312
26.7
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A3
1985
Car SUV
A3
1986
Car SUV
A3
1987
Car SUV
A3
1988
Car SUV
A3
1989
Car SUV
A3
1990
Car SUV
A3
1991
Car SUV
A3
1992
Car SUV
A3
1993
Car SUV
A3
1994
0.0337
31.6
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A3
1995
Car SUV
A3
1996
Car SUV
A3
1997
Car SUV
A3
1998
Car SUV
A3
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-50 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
A3
2000
Car SUV
A3
2001
Car SUV
A3
2002
Car SUV
A3
2003
Car SUV
A3
2004
Car SUV
A3
2005
Car SUV
A3
2006
Car SUV
A3
2007
Car SUV
A3
2008
Car SUV
A3
2009
Car SUV
A3
2010
Car SUV
A3
2011
Car SUV
A3
2012
Car SUV
A3
2013
Car SUV
A3
2014
Car SUV
A3
2015
Car SUV
A3
2016
Car SUV
A3
2017
Car SUV
A3
2018
Car SUV
A4
1975
Car SUV
A4
1976
Car SUV
A4
1977
Car SUV
A4
1978
Car SUV
A4
1979
Car SUV
A4
1980
Car SUV
A4
1981
Car SUV
A4
1982
Car SUV
A4
1983
Car SUV
A4
1984
Car SUV
A4
1985
Car SUV
A4
1986
Car SUV
A4
1987
Car SUV
A4
1988
Car SUV
A4
1989
Car SUV
A4
1990
l
0.018
22.9
18.5
19.6
19.0
481.3
453.2
467.5
4000
144
116
14.2
0.806
Car SUV
A4
1991
0
0.001
22.9
18.2
19.7
18.9
487.9
450.4
469.3
4000
144
112
14.7
0.778
Car SUV
A4
1992
Car SUV
A4
1993
Car SUV
A4
1994
Car SUV
A4
1995
Car SUV
A4
1996
Car SUV
A4
1997
22
0.061
25.9
19.4
22.6
21.0
458.5
392.7
423.8
3000
149
142
10.3
0.953
Car SUV
A4
1998
Car SUV
A4
1999
Car SUV
A4
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-51 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
A3
2000
Car SUV
A3
2001
Car SUV
A3
2002
Car SUV
A3
2003
Car SUV
A3
2004
Car SUV
A3
2005
Car SUV
A3
2006
Car SUV
A3
2007
Car SUV
A3
2008
Car SUV
A3
2009
Car SUV
A3
2010
Car SUV
A3
2011
Car SUV
A3
2012
Car SUV
A3
2013
Car SUV
A3
2014
Car SUV
A3
2015
Car SUV
A3
2016
Car SUV
A3
2017
Car SUV
A3
2018
Car SUV
A4
1975
Car SUV
A4
1976
Car SUV
A4
1977
Car SUV
A4
1978
Car SUV
A4
1979
Car SUV
A4
1980
Car SUV
A4
1981
Car SUV
A4
1982
Car SUV
A4
1983
Car SUV
A4
1984
Car SUV
A4
1985
Car SUV
A4
1986
Car SUV
A4
1987
Car SUV
A4
1988
Car SUV
A4
1989
Car SUV
A4
1990
0.0290
38.0
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A4
1991
0.0280
37.9
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A4
1992
Car SUV
A4
1993
Car SUV
A4
1994
Car SUV
A4
1995
Car SUV
A4
1996
Car SUV
A4
1997
0.0473
31.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A4
1998
Car SUV
A4
1999
Car SUV
A4
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-52 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
A4
2001
Car SUV
A4
2002
Car SUV
A4
2003
Car SUV
A4
2004
Car SUV
A4
2005
Car SUV
A4
2006
Car SUV
A4
2007
Car SUV
A4
2008
Car SUV
A4
2009
Car SUV
A4
2010
Car SUV
A4
2011
Car SUV
A4
2012
Car SUV
A4
2013
Car SUV
A4
2014
Car SUV
A4
2015
Car SUV
A4
2016
Car SUV
A4
2017
Car SUV
A4
2018
Car SUV
A7
1975
Car SUV
A7
1976
Car SUV
A7
1977
Car SUV
A7
1978
Car SUV
A7
1979
Car SUV
A7
1980
Car SUV
A7
1981
Car SUV
A7
1982
Car SUV
A7
1983
Car SUV
A7
1984
Car SUV
A7
1985
Car SUV
A7
1986
Car SUV
A7
1987
Car SUV
A7
1988
Car SUV
A7
1989
Car SUV
A7
1990
Car SUV
A7
1991
Car SUV
A7
1992
Car SUV
A7
1993
Car SUV
A7
1994
Car SUV
A7
1995
Car SUV
A7
1996
Car SUV
A7
1997
Car SUV
A7
1998
Car SUV
A7
1999
Car SUV
A7
2000
Car SUV
A7
2001
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-53 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
A4
2001
Car SUV
A4
2002
Car SUV
A4
2003
Car SUV
A4
2004
Car SUV
A4
2005
Car SUV
A4
2006
Car SUV
A4
2007
Car SUV
A4
2008
Car SUV
A4
2009
Car SUV
A4
2010
Car SUV
A4
2011
Car SUV
A4
2012
Car SUV
A4
2013
Car SUV
A4
2014
Car SUV
A4
2015
Car SUV
A4
2016
Car SUV
A4
2017
Car SUV
A4
2018
Car SUV
A7
1975
Car SUV
A7
1976
Car SUV
A7
1977
Car SUV
A7
1978
Car SUV
A7
1979
Car SUV
A7
1980
Car SUV
A7
1981
Car SUV
A7
1982
Car SUV
A7
1983
Car SUV
A7
1984
Car SUV
A7
1985
Car SUV
A7
1986
Car SUV
A7
1987
Car SUV
A7
1988
Car SUV
A7
1989
Car SUV
A7
1990
Car SUV
A7
1991
Car SUV
A7
1992
Car SUV
A7
1993
Car SUV
A7
1994
Car SUV
A7
1995
Car SUV
A7
1996
Car SUV
A7
1997
Car SUV
A7
1998
Car SUV
A7
1999
Car SUV
A7
2000
Car SUV
A7
2001
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-54 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
A7
2002
Car SUV
A7
2003
Car SUV
A7
2004
Car SUV
A7
2005
Car SUV
A7
2006
Car SUV
A7
2007
Car SUV
A7
2008
Car SUV
A7
2009
Car SUV
A7
2010
Car SUV
A7
2011
Car SUV
A7
2012
Car SUV
A7
2013
Car SUV
A7
2014
Car SUV
A7
2015
Car SUV
A7
2016
55
0.030
35.4
24.5
29.0
26.9
362.6
305.4
330.5
3920
46.4
98
175
9.2
1.792
Car SUV
A7
2017
61
0.031
35.2
24.5
29.3
27.0
362.3
302.3
328.6
3931
46.3
98
175
9.2
1.792
Car SUV
A7
2018
-
0.018
34.9
24.3
28.6
26.6
365.8
310.1
334.4
4000
46.4
98
175
9.3
1.792
Car SUV
CVT
1975
Car SUV
CVT
1976
Car SUV
CVT
1977
Car SUV
CVT
1978
Car SUV
CVT
1979
Car SUV
CVT
1980
Car SUV
CVT
1981
Car SUV
CVT
1982
Car SUV
CVT
1983
Car SUV
CVT
1984
Car SUV
CVT
1985
Car SUV
CVT
1986
Car SUV
CVT
1987
Car SUV
CVT
1988
Car SUV
CVT
1989
Car SUV
CVT
1990
Car SUV
CVT
1991
Car SUV
CVT
1992
Car SUV
CVT
1993
Car SUV
CVT
1994
Car SUV
CVT
1995
Car SUV
CVT
1996
Car SUV
CVT
1997
Car SUV
CVT
1998
Car SUV
CVT
1999
Car SUV
CVT
2000
Car SUV
CVT
2001
Car SUV
CVT
2002
1
0.001
28.1
19.4
25.8
22.5
457.0
343.8
394.4
3500
134
140
10.5
1.045
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-55 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
A7
2002
Car SUV
A7
2003
Car SUV
A7
2004
Car SUV
A7
2005
Car SUV
A7
2006
Car SUV
A7
2007
Car SUV
A7
2008
Car SUV
A7
2009
Car SUV
A7
2010
Car SUV
A7
2011
Car SUV
A7
2012
Car SUV
A7
2013
Car SUV
A7
2014
Car SUV
A7
2015
Car SUV
A7
2016
0.0448
52.7
52.7%
47.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A7
2017
0.0446
53.2
46.9%
53.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
A7
2018
0.0438
53.2
49.7%
50.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
CVT
1975
Car SUV
CVT
1976
Car SUV
CVT
1977
Car SUV
CVT
1978
Car SUV
CVT
1979
Car SUV
CVT
1980
Car SUV
CVT
1981
Car SUV
CVT
1982
Car SUV
CVT
1983
Car SUV
CVT
1984
Car SUV
CVT
1985
Car SUV
CVT
1986
Car SUV
CVT
1987
Car SUV
CVT
1988
Car SUV
CVT
1989
Car SUV
CVT
1990
Car SUV
CVT
1991
Car SUV
CVT
1992
Car SUV
CVT
1993
Car SUV
CVT
1994
Car SUV
CVT
1995
Car SUV
CVT
1996
Car SUV
CVT
1997
Car SUV
CVT
1998
Car SUV
CVT
1999
Car SUV
CVT
2000
Car SUV
CVT
2001
Car SUV
CVT
2002
0.0400
39.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-56 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
CVT
2003
49
0.085
27.2
18.8
24.6
21.7
471.7
361.0
410.4
3741
172
191
9.0
1.096
Car SUV
CVT
2004
40
0.063
26.6
18.3
24.2
21.2
485.3
366.8
419.3
3852
190
214
8.4
1.115
Car SUV
CVT
2005
36
0.045
26.9
18.7
23.5
21.2
462.4
376.0
419.7
4000
205
232
8.0
1.124
Car SUV
CVT
2006
39
0.052
27.8
19.4
24.1
21.8
438.1
367.0
407.5
4000
199
222
8.1
1.107
Car SUV
CVT
2007
36
0.039
27.8
19.3
24.2
21.8
437.3
365.5
407.8
4000
199
223
8.1
1.106
Car SUV
CVT
2008
53
0.057
35.2
25.3
27.8
26.7
335.0
318.8
332.9
3705
44.2
147
156
9.5
1.061
Car SUV
CVT
2009
82
0.135
30.1
21.0
25.7
23.5
402.9
342.5
378.9
3811
46.5
181
209
8.3
1.145
Car SUV
CVT
2010
76
0.083
31.2
21.9
26.1
24.1
390.7
337.8
368.3
3823
46.0
174
204
8.4
1.163
Car SUV
CVT
2011
96
0.080
32.1
22.2
27.0
24.7
392.7
327.3
360.0
3663
45.5
162
186
8.9
1.145
Car SUV
CVT
2012
141
0.112
31.7
22.0
26.7
24.4
399.1
331.5
363.5
3611
44.9
155
185
8.9
1.192
Car SUV
CVT
2013
148
0.098
32.4
22.4
27.3
24.9
393.5
324.7
356.3
3600
44.9
154
179
9.0
1.160
Car SUV
CVT
2014
145
0.093
33.0
22.6
28.1
25.4
388.0
313.2
349.5
3589
45.5
152
179
9.1
1.181
Car SUV
CVT
2015
342
0.201
36.6
24.9
30.7
27.9
355.3
287.9
318.9
3535
44.8
145
173
9.1
1.198
Car SUV
CVT
2016
502
0.268
37.2
25.3
31.1
28.3
349.3
283.6
313.9
3466
44.5
135
171
9.3
1.264
Car SUV
CVT
2017
322
0.164
38.3
25.9
32.5
29.3
341.7
272.1
303.7
3502
45.8
131
174
9.0
1.406
Car SUV
CVT
2018
-
0.178
39.3
26.3
33.1
29.8
336.3
268.1
298.2
3552
46.1
132
176
9.0
1.416
Car SUV
L3
1975
Car SUV
L3
1976
Car SUV
L3
1977
Car SUV
L3
1978
Car SUV
L3
1979
1
0.039
16.4
13.4
14.6
13.9
665.2
607.9
639.7
4000
289
131
15.1
0.454
Car SUV
L3
1980
0
0.868
17.6
14.3
15.9
15.0
617.0
559.3
593.4
4000
279
123
16.1
0.442
Car SUV
L3
1981
0
1.000
17.3
13.7
16.1
14.7
647.9
553.4
605.4
4000
318
140
14.3
0.440
Car SUV
L3
1982
1
0.089
20.2
15.9
19.1
17.2
552.6
456.1
516.4
3698
224
113
17.2
0.518
Car SUV
L3
1983
0
0.001
25.7
19.6
25.6
21.9
453.0
347.4
405.4
3500
119
82
20.0
0.689
Car SUV
L3
1984
Car SUV
L3
1985
3
0.037
22.5
18.1
20.4
19.1
485.1
432.5
465.6
3000
161
107
14.6
0.670
Car SUV
L3
1986
9
0.144
21.8
17.4
19.8
18.4
507.0
447.0
482.6
3447
167
116
14.4
0.695
Car SUV
L3
1987
0
0.000
21.5
16.8
19.9
18.1
528.0
446.6
490.3
3500
173
125
13.9
0.723
Car SUV
L3
1988
Car SUV
L3
1989
Car SUV
L3
1990
Car SUV
L3
1991
31
0.138
20.8
17.0
17.1
17.1
521.3
518.3
519.4
3500
151
92
16.0
0.609
Car SUV
L3
1992
24
0.100
20.5
16.8
16.7
16.8
519.3
520.0
529.7
3306
141
100
14.4
0.717
Car SUV
L3
1993
28
0.059
20.7
16.9
16.8
16.9
516.9
515.1
527.1
3277
139
99
13.5
0.724
Car SUV
L3
1994
12
0.036
27.7
21.8
23.2
22.5
407.1
383.6
394.9
2503
97
81
13.6
0.835
Car SUV
L3
1995
8
0.037
28.8
22.5
24.0
23.2
395.8
370.5
382.5
2507
97
80
14.0
0.829
Car SUV
L3
1996
7
0.024
27.4
21.2
22.9
22.1
418.6
388.5
402.7
2715
97
95
13.6
0.979
Car SUV
L3
1997
3
0.008
27.9
21.3
23.3
22.4
416.9
380.8
397.6
2500
97
95
13.0
0.979
Car SUV
L3
1998
3
0.007
27.7
21.0
23.1
22.1
422.5
384.1
402.5
2543
99
96
13.3
0.973
Car SUV
L3
1999
1
0.002
22.5
16.2
20.5
18.3
547.5
433.9
486.6
3500
150
125
13.0
0.833
Car SUV
L3
2000
0
0.001
23.7
16.9
21.8
19.2
527.4
408.4
462.9
3500
150
125
12.4
0.833
Car SUV
L3
2001
Car SUV
L3
2002
Car SUV
L3
2003
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-57 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
CVT
2003
0.0502
40.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
48.2%
Car SUV
CVT
2004
0.0550
40.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
70.4%
Car SUV
CVT
2005
0.0581
42.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
88.4%
11.6%
Car SUV
CVT
2006
0.0555
44.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
79.2%
20.8%
Car SUV
CVT
2007
0.0557
44.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
80.2%
19.8%
Car SUV
CVT
2008
0.0426
50.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
63.9%
36.8%
Car SUV
CVT
2009
0.0545
45.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
98.4%
15.4%
Car SUV
CVT
2010
0.0531
47.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
16.3%
Car SUV
CVT
2011
0.0506
45.6
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
7.2%
Car SUV
CVT
2012
0.0510
44.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
3.6%
Car SUV
CVT
2013
0.0495
45.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
3.3%
Car SUV
CVT
2014
0.0496
46.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.8%
Car SUV
CVT
2015
0.0488
49.6
100.0%
0.0%
34.2%
65.8%
100.0%
100.0%
1.5%
Car SUV
CVT
2016
0.0492
49.3
86.5%
13.5%
27.4%
72.6%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
Car SUV
CVT
2017
0.0497
51.5
100.0%
35.1%
64.9%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Car SUV
CVT
2018
0.0496
53.1
100.0%
44.2%
55.8%
100.0%
100.0%
2.5%
Car SUV
L3
1975
Car SUV
L3
1976
Car SUV
L3
1977
Car SUV
L3
1978
Car SUV
L3
1979
0.0328
27.8
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1980
0.0308
30.1
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1981
0.0350
29.4
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1982
0.0311
31.8
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1983
0.0234
38.4
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1984
Car SUV
L3
1985
0.0358
28.9
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1986
0.0336
31.9
100.0%
74.1%
25.9%
Car SUV
L3
1987
0.0357
31.7
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1988
Car SUV
L3
1989
Car SUV
L3
1990
Car SUV
L3
1991
0.0263
29.9
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1992
0.0304
27.8
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1993
0.0304
27.7
100.0%
1.8%
98.2%
Car SUV
L3
1994
0.0324
28.2
100.0%
11.6%
88.4%
6.8%
Car SUV
L3
1995
0.0321
29.1
100.0%
2.8%
97.2%
Car SUV
L3
1996
0.0350
30.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1997
0.0380
27.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
1998
0.0379
28.0
100.0%
100.0%
95.7%
Car SUV
L3
1999
0.0357
32.0
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
2000
0.0357
33.6
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L3
2001
Car SUV
L3
2002
Car SUV
L3
2003
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-58 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
L3
2004
Car SUV
L3
2005
Car SUV
L3
2006
Car SUV
L3
2007
Car SUV
L3
2008
Car SUV
L3
2009
Car SUV
L3
2010
Car SUV
L3
2011
Car SUV
L3
2012
Car SUV
L3
2013
Car SUV
L3
2014
Car SUV
L3
2015
Car SUV
L3
2016
Car SUV
L3
2017
Car SUV
L3
2018
Car SUV
L4
1975
Car SUV
L4
1976
Car SUV
L4
1977
Car SUV
L4
1978
Car SUV
L4
1979
Car SUV
L4
1980
Car SUV
L4
1981
Car SUV
L4
1982
Car SUV
L4
1983
14
0.431
25.2
19.1
25.5
21.5
464.3
348.0
413.1
3500
172
110
15.5
0.637
Car SUV
L4
1984
36
0.648
23.6
17.8
24.2
20.2
498.2
368.0
439.6
3500
173
110
15.4
0.636
Car SUV
L4
1985
71
0.804
23.6
17.6
24.5
20.2
504.5
362.6
440.9
3500
172
109
15.2
0.635
Car SUV
L4
1986
40
0.675
22.0
16.7
21.7
18.7
530.0
409.0
475.3
3500
172
124
13.4
0.718
Car SUV
L4
1987
81
0.857
22.6
16.9
22.9
19.2
525.2
386.4
462.0
3499
179
131
13.1
0.732
Car SUV
L4
1988
82
0.754
22.3
16.6
22.2
18.9
533.2
398.4
471.2
3499
205
143
12.5
0.707
Car SUV
L4
1989
78
0.726
22.3
16.8
21.7
18.8
528.7
408.5
472.4
3499
245
153
11.3
0.634
Car SUV
L4
1990
41
0.630
21.8
16.3
21.2
18.3
543.9
418.6
484.7
3559
230
155
10.7
0.691
Car SUV
L4
1991
143
0.639
21.4
15.8
20.9
17.9
561.0
424.1
495.9
3863
240
161
11.0
0.674
Car SUV
L4
1992
159
0.654
20.8
15.3
20.1
17.4
578.1
439.7
511.6
3878
234
170
10.5
0.726
Car SUV
L4
1993
393
0.832
20.0
14.6
19.6
16.7
605.6
451.7
531.8
3940
254
190
9.1
0.755
Car SUV
L4
1994
223
0.673
21.0
15.3
20.3
17.5
577.9
437.6
508.2
3904
235
181
9.3
0.775
Car SUV
L4
1995
174
0.789
20.6
14.9
19.9
17.1
593.3
444.3
519.2
3906
234
180
9.7
0.776
Car SUV
L4
1996
236
0.822
21.8
15.7
20.8
18.0
559.8
423.7
494.8
3805
230
175
10.1
0.783
Car SUV
L4
1997
234
0.650
22.6
16.3
21.1
18.5
531.9
414.8
480.0
3685
205
171
10.3
0.864
Car SUV
L4
1998
252
0.554
22.5
16.1
21.0
18.4
543.0
418.4
483.6
3796
215
180
10.3
0.869
Car SUV
L4
1999
304
0.622
23.0
16.5
21.2
18.7
530.9
416.3
475.4
3790
201
178
10.4
0.927
Car SUV
L4
2000
440
0.713
22.3
15.9
20.4
18.1
551.7
431.9
492.3
3841
205
179
9.9
0.913
Car SUV
L4
2001
582
0.783
23.7
16.7
21.8
19.1
524.2
404.1
464.4
3738
187
176
9.8
0.978
Car SUV
L4
2002
528
0.876
24.0
16.8
22.1
19.4
522.1
395.4
459.2
3744
183
180
9.8
1.010
Car SUV
L4
2003
434
0.756
24.6
17.1
22.6
19.8
514.1
389.0
449.6
3714
182
180
9.6
1.012
Car SUV
L4
2004
413
0.647
25.0
17.1
23.2
20.1
514.4
379.9
443.2
3773
187
184
9.6
0.999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-59 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
L3
2004
Car SUV
L3
2005
Car SUV
L3
2006
Car SUV
L3
2007
Car SUV
L3
2008
Car SUV
L3
2009
Car SUV
L3
2010
Car SUV
L3
2011
Car SUV
L3
2012
Car SUV
L3
2013
Car SUV
L3
2014
Car SUV
L3
2015
Car SUV
L3
2016
Car SUV
L3
2017
Car SUV
L3
2018
Car SUV
L4
1975
Car SUV
L4
1976
Car SUV
L4
1977
Car SUV
L4
1978
Car SUV
L4
1979
Car SUV
L4
1980
Car SUV
L4
1981
Car SUV
L4
1982
Car SUV
L4
1983
0.0313
37.8
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
1984
0.0314
35.4
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
1985
0.0313
35.3
100.0%
96.7%
3.3%
Car SUV
L4
1986
0.0353
32.8
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
1987
0.0375
33.7
100.0%
32.2%
67.8%
Car SUV
L4
1988
0.0410
33.1
100.0%
39.0%
61.0%
Car SUV
L4
1989
0.0436
33.0
100.0%
33.6%
66.4%
Car SUV
L4
1990
0.0438
32.7
100.0%
59.8%
40.2%
Car SUV
L4
1991
0.0417
34.7
100.0%
58.5%
41.5%
Car SUV
L4
1992
0.0440
33.8
100.0%
82.6%
17.4%
Car SUV
L4
1993
0.0484
33.1
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
1994
0.0466
34.2
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
11.2%
Car SUV
L4
1995
0.0463
33.6
100.0%
100.0%
23.5%
Car SUV
L4
1996
0.0462
34.3
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
26.6%
Car SUV
L4
1997
0.0459
34.2
22.4%
77.6%
100.0%
44.9%
Car SUV
L4
1998
0.0472
35.0
16.2%
83.8%
100.0%
38.4%
Car SUV
L4
1999
0.0468
35.5
23.3%
76.7%
100.0%
53.5%
7.3%
Car SUV
L4
2000
0.0466
34.8
17.3%
82.7%
100.0%
43.4%
7.0%
Car SUV
L4
2001
0.0472
35.9
44.4%
55.6%
100.0%
50.3%
12.1%
Car SUV
L4
2002
0.0482
36.5
58.6%
41.4%
100.0%
72.8%
20.1%
Car SUV
L4
2003
0.0486
36.8
62.8%
37.2%
100.0%
64.1%
19.1%
Car SUV
L4
2004
0.0489
38.0
69.9%
30.1%
100.0%
62.9%
20.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-60 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
L4
2005
403
0.496
25.9
17.8
23.3
20.6
495.5
379.2
432.2
3676
172
179
9.6
1.054
Car SUV
L4
2006
373
0.496
26.3
18.0
23.7
20.8
489.9
372.6
426.3
3727
168
177
9.8
1.066
Car SUV
L4
2007
305
0.331
27.2
18.6
24.4
21.5
473.0
362.0
412.9
3689
162
170
10.2
1.061
Car SUV
L4
2008
340
0.368
28.0
19.1
25.1
22.1
464.0
352.9
402.3
3645
44.7
154
171
10.1
1.117
Car SUV
L4
2009
139
0.229
28.9
19.7
25.8
22.8
447.9
342.4
390.1
3772
46.2
147
170
10.1
1.160
Car SUV
L4
2010
86
0.094
30.3
20.5
27.1
23.8
430.3
326.9
373.2
3629
45.8
151
177
9.7
1.174
Car SUV
L4
2011
123
0.102
31.9
21.3
28.5
24.9
415.9
310.6
356.6
3511
43.5
145
167
10.0
1.150
Car SUV
L4
2012
83
0.066
28.2
19.1
25.4
22.3
456.3
345.5
399.1
3688
45.0
174
188
9.4
1.105
Car SUV
L4
2013
9
0.006
27.8
18.7
25.4
22.0
474.6
350.0
403.6
3908
48.2
146
171
10.4
1.168
Car SUV
L4
2014
8
0.005
27.7
18.6
25.5
22.0
478.9
348.8
404.8
4000
49.1
146
173
10.4
1.181
Car SUV
L4
2015
6
0.003
27.7
18.6
25.5
22.0
478.8
348.8
404.7
4000
49.2
146
173
10.4
1.181
Car SUV
L4
2016
3
0.002
27.7
18.6
25.5
22.0
478.8
348.8
404.7
4000
49.2
146
172
10.5
1.174
Car SUV
L4
2017
11
0.006
27.7
18.5
25.7
22.0
479.2
345.6
403.0
4000
49.2
146
173
10.4
1.181
Car SUV
L4
2018
-
0.017
27.7
18.6
25.5
22.0
478.8
348.8
404.7
4000
49.2
146
173
10.4
1.181
Car SUV
L5
1975
Car SUV
L5
1976
Car SUV
L5
1977
Car SUV
L5
1978
Car SUV
L5
1979
Car SUV
L5
1980
Car SUV
L5
1981
Car SUV
L5
1982
Car SUV
L5
1983
Car SUV
L5
1984
Car SUV
L5
1985
Car SUV
L5
1986
Car SUV
L5
1987
Car SUV
L5
1988
Car SUV
L5
1989
Car SUV
L5
1990
Car SUV
L5
1991
Car SUV
L5
1992
Car SUV
L5
1993
Car SUV
L5
1994
Car SUV
L5
1995
Car SUV
L5
1996
Car SUV
L5
1997
18
0.050
21.0
15.0
20.1
17.3
591.3
441.1
512.9
4000
244
160
10.5
0.656
Car SUV
L5
1998
149
0.327
21.2
15.2
20.0
17.4
585.7
444.3
511.2
4000
244
160
10.9
0.656
Car SUV
L5
1999
143
0.292
21.6
15.4
20.3
17.7
575.5
438.6
502.7
4000
244
160
10.8
0.656
Car SUV
L5
2000
141
0.229
21.0
14.8
19.7
17.1
600.4
449.9
519.4
4000
244
163
10.2
0.669
Car SUV
L5
2001
116
0.156
20.8
14.6
19.3
16.9
607.0
459.7
526.6
4000
247
212
8.5
0.856
Car SUV
L5
2002
29
0.048
20.6
14.4
19.1
16.7
616.5
465.8
533.4
4000
246
213
8.6
0.865
Car SUV
L5
2003
51
0.088
22.8
15.7
21.3
18.4
561.6
414.7
483.4
3807
218
206
8.6
0.945
Car SUV
L5
2004
148
0.232
23.6
16.0
22.3
19.0
548.9
396.1
466.8
4132
215
244
8.1
1.134
Car SUV
L5
2005
343
0.422
24.4
16.4
22.8
19.5
536.9
387.2
454.8
4059
204
207
9.0
1.012
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-61 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
L4
2005
0.0489
37.8
88.8%
11.2%
100.0%
80.2%
10.0%
Car SUV
L4
2006
0.0475
39.0
85.8%
14.2%
100.0%
82.0%
16.2%
Car SUV
L4
2007
0.0459
39.8
93.4%
6.6%
100.0%
83.8%
38.0%
2.5%
Car SUV
L4
2008
0.0472
40.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
48.1%
0.6%
Car SUV
L4
2009
0.0453
43.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
74.4%
2.6%
Car SUV
L4
2010
0.0489
43.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
99.4%
Car SUV
L4
2011
0.0475
43.8
99.8%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
98.3%
Car SUV
L4
2012
0.0509
41.4
66.3%
33.7%
100.0%
70.1%
70.1%
Car SUV
L4
2013
0.0438
43.0
81.7%
18.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
2014
0.0433
43.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
2015
0.0433
43.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
2016
0.0430
43.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
2017
0.0433
44.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L4
2018
0.0433
43.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
1975
Car SUV
L5
1976
Car SUV
L5
1977
Car SUV
L5
1978
Car SUV
L5
1979
Car SUV
L5
1980
Car SUV
L5
1981
Car SUV
L5
1982
Car SUV
L5
1983
Car SUV
L5
1984
Car SUV
L5
1985
Car SUV
L5
1986
Car SUV
L5
1987
Car SUV
L5
1988
Car SUV
L5
1989
Car SUV
L5
1990
Car SUV
L5
1991
Car SUV
L5
1992
Car SUV
L5
1993
Car SUV
L5
1994
Car SUV
L5
1995
Car SUV
L5
1996
Car SUV
L5
1997
0.0400
34.7
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
1998
0.0400
34.8
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
1999
0.0400
35.4
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2000
0.0408
34.2
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2001
0.0529
33.8
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2002
0.0533
33.3
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2003
0.0539
35.1
52.7%
47.3%
100.0%
58.7%
6.0%
Car SUV
L5
2004
0.0589
39.5
73.6%
14.6%
11.9%
100.0%
100.0%
85.5%
Car SUV
L5
2005
0.0506
39.7
52.6%
34.4%
13.1%
100.0%
46.5%
42.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-62 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
L5
2006
316
0.421
24.6
16.6
23.1
19.8
530.3
381.7
449.6
4053
203
208
9.0
1.024
Car SUV
L5
2007
414
0.450
25.4
17.2
23.5
20.3
511.2
375.3
437.8
3975
199
219
8.7
1.103
Car SUV
L5
2008
350
0.379
25.7
17.3
23.8
20.5
506.9
369.8
432.9
3986
46.7
194
215
8.9
1.109
Car SUV
L5
2009
189
0.311
26.5
17.9
24.4
21.1
492.0
361.6
421.5
3902
46.3
187
212
8.7
1.137
Car SUV
L5
2010
127
0.138
29.6
20.0
26.9
23.4
440.9
328.3
379.6
3637
45.2
160
190
9.1
1.199
Car SUV
L5
2011
138
0.115
30.2
20.4
27.0
23.7
435.0
328.2
375.3
3585
45.2
154
185
9.1
1.210
Car SUV
L5
2012
132
0.105
31.4
20.9
28.4
24.6
420.3
310.1
361.2
3714
45.6
164
205
8.8
1.256
Car SUV
L5
2013
105
0.069
33.4
22.3
29.8
26.0
397.3
296.6
341.5
3572
44.6
151
188
9.0
1.255
Car SUV
L5
2014
142
0.091
33.7
22.5
30.0
26.2
394.4
295.2
338.8
3533
44.3
149
187
9.0
1.258
Car SUV
L5
2015
5
0.003
27.2
18.1
25.4
21.7
478.1
341.9
410.1
4269
47.4
199
229
8.7
1.181
Car SUV
L5
2016
Car SUV
L5
2017
Car SUV
L5
2018
Car SUV
L6
1975
Car SUV
L6
1976
Car SUV
L6
1977
Car SUV
L6
1978
Car SUV
L6
1979
Car SUV
L6
1980
Car SUV
L6
1981
Car SUV
L6
1982
Car SUV
L6
1983
Car SUV
L6
1984
Car SUV
L6
1985
Car SUV
L6
1986
Car SUV
L6
1987
Car SUV
L6
1988
Car SUV
L6
1989
Car SUV
L6
1990
Car SUV
L6
1991
Car SUV
L6
1992
Car SUV
L6
1993
Car SUV
L6
1994
Car SUV
L6
1995
Car SUV
L6
1996
Car SUV
L6
1997
Car SUV
L6
1998
Car SUV
L6
1999
Car SUV
L6
2000
Car SUV
L6
2001
Car SUV
L6
2002
Car SUV
L6
2003
Car SUV
L6
2004
Car SUV
L6
2005
Car SUV
L6
2006
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-63 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
L5
2006
0.0511
40.1
65.3%
20.3%
14.3%
100.0%
90.0%
49.1%
Car SUV
L5
2007
0.0549
40.4
73.8%
9.9%
16.3%
100.0%
74.0%
52.9%
Car SUV
L5
2008
0.0536
41.0
67.8%
12.3%
20.0%
100.0%
72.5%
71.4%
Car SUV
L5
2009
0.0540
41.2
78.9%
7.8%
13.3%
100.0%
81.2%
76.7%
Car SUV
L5
2010
0.0520
42.6
91.3%
8.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2011
0.0514
42.4
96.0%
4.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2012
0.0551
45.8
85.7%
9.4%
4.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2013
0.0527
46.5
95.7%
4.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2014
0.0529
46.4
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2015
0.0534
46.9
46.1%
53.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L5
2016
Car SUV
L5
2017
Car SUV
L5
2018
Car SUV
L6
1975
Car SUV
L6
1976
Car SUV
L6
1977
Car SUV
L6
1978
Car SUV
L6
1979
Car SUV
L6
1980
Car SUV
L6
1981
Car SUV
L6
1982
Car SUV
L6
1983
Car SUV
L6
1984
Car SUV
L6
1985
Car SUV
L6
1986
Car SUV
L6
1987
Car SUV
L6
1988
Car SUV
L6
1989
Car SUV
L6
1990
Car SUV
L6
1991
Car SUV
L6
1992
Car SUV
L6
1993
Car SUV
L6
1994
Car SUV
L6
1995
Car SUV
L6
1996
Car SUV
L6
1997
Car SUV
L6
1998
Car SUV
L6
1999
Car SUV
L6
2000
Car SUV
L6
2001
Car SUV
L6
2002
Car SUV
L6
2003
Car SUV
L6
2004
Car SUV
L6
2005
Car SUV
L6
2006
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-64 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
L6
2007
150
0.163
24.3
16.3
23.1
19.6
545.1
384.2
454.1
4335
195
255
7.8
1.340
Car SUV
L6
2008
175
0.189
24.4
16.2
23.3
19.6
546.4
381.1
452.7
4310
49.0
207
260
7.8
1.278
Car SUV
L6
2009
190
0.312
27.6
18.5
25.7
22.0
477.4
343.6
404.0
3848
45.6
182
224
8.1
1.230
Car SUV
L6
2010
610
0.667
28.7
19.2
26.5
22.8
457.0
330.9
389.5
4063
47.5
176
223
8.5
1.268
Car SUV
L6
2011
830
0.688
29.4
19.6
27.0
23.2
448.6
326.4
382.4
4021
47.8
171
219
8.6
1.273
Car SUV
L6
2012
888
0.702
29.3
19.5
26.9
23.1
451.1
327.0
384.7
4012
47.5
169
217
8.6
1.285
Car SUV
L6
2013
1228
0.811
30.9
20.4
28.1
24.2
430.7
313.0
367.4
4038
47.6
162
219
8.6
1.383
Car SUV
L6
2014
1189
0.759
31.0
20.5
27.9
24.1
428.8
315.4
368.2
3926
46.8
153
207
8.8
1.380
Car SUV
L6
2015
1204
0.708
31.3
20.8
28.3
24.5
420.9
310.5
362.5
3948
46.9
155
209
8.8
1.375
Car SUV
L6
2016
1095
0.586
32.3
21.5
29.0
25.2
407.1
303.1
352.5
3863
46.6
145
198
8.9
1.396
Car SUV
L6
2017
1331
0.679
32.6
21.7
29.4
25.5
406.8
300.4
349.0
3886
46.5
137
192
9.1
1.449
Car SUV
L6
2018
-
0.631
34.0
22.8
29.6
26.2
387.3
299.3
339.9
3776
45.7
127
182
9.3
1.495
Car SUV
L7
1975
Car SUV
L7
1976
Car SUV
L7
1977
Car SUV
L7
1978
Car SUV
L7
1979
Car SUV
L7
1980
Car SUV
L7
1981
Car SUV
L7
1982
Car SUV
L7
1983
Car SUV
L7
1984
Car SUV
L7
1985
Car SUV
L7
1986
Car SUV
L7
1987
Car SUV
L7
1988
Car SUV
L7
1989
Car SUV
L7
1990
Car SUV
L7
1991
Car SUV
L7
1992
Car SUV
L7
1993
Car SUV
L7
1994
Car SUV
L7
1995
Car SUV
L7
1996
Car SUV
L7
1997
Car SUV
L7
1998
Car SUV
L7
1999
Car SUV
L7
2000
Car SUV
L7
2001
Car SUV
L7
2002
Car SUV
L7
2003
Car SUV
L7
2004
Car SUV
L7
2005
Car SUV
L7
2006
Car SUV
L7
2007
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-65 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
L6
2007
0.0589
42.4
98.5%
1.2%
0.4%
100.0%
100.0%
42.6%
Car SUV
L6
2008
0.0604
42.3
96.1%
3.6%
0.3%
11.5%
88.5%
100.0%
40.5%
Car SUV
L6
2009
0.0581
42.4
98.7%
1.0%
0.3%
4.2%
95.8%
100.0%
58.8%
Car SUV
L6
2010
0.0548
46.6
86.7%
13.3%
0.0%
39.2%
60.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L6
2011
0.0542
47.0
85.9%
14.1%
0.0%
40.2%
59.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L6
2012
0.0539
46.7
80.7%
19.3%
56.3%
43.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L6
2013
0.0538
49.0
90.4%
9.6%
57.7%
42.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L6
2014
0.0524
47.6
89.8%
10.2%
67.6%
32.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L6
2015
0.0525
48.6
89.3%
10.7%
62.2%
37.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L6
2016
0.0508
49.0
87.3%
12.7%
63.1%
36.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L6
2017
0.0493
49.6
88.7%
11.3%
67.5%
32.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L6
2018
0.0479
49.7
90.6%
9.4%
59.0%
39.0%
2.0%
100.0%
98.0%
Car SUV
L7
1975
Car SUV
L7
1976
Car SUV
L7
1977
Car SUV
L7
1978
Car SUV
L7
1979
Car SUV
L7
1980
Car SUV
L7
1981
Car SUV
L7
1982
Car SUV
L7
1983
Car SUV
L7
1984
Car SUV
L7
1985
Car SUV
L7
1986
Car SUV
L7
1987
Car SUV
L7
1988
Car SUV
L7
1989
Car SUV
L7
1990
Car SUV
L7
1991
Car SUV
L7
1992
Car SUV
L7
1993
Car SUV
L7
1994
Car SUV
L7
1995
Car SUV
L7
1996
Car SUV
L7
1997
Car SUV
L7
1998
Car SUV
L7
1999
Car SUV
L7
2000
Car SUV
L7
2001
Car SUV
L7
2002
Car SUV
L7
2003
Car SUV
L7
2004
Car SUV
L7
2005
Car SUV
L7
2006
Car SUV
L7
2007
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-66 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
L7
200S
Car SUV
L7
2009
5
o.oos
24.0
16.1
22.6
19.3
551.3
393.9
461.6
4500
50.9
214
300
7.0
1.402
Car SUV
L7
2010
14
0.015
23.S
16.1
22.2
19.1
551.1
399.6
464.S
4500
47.7
213
267
7.6
1.254
Car SUV
L7
2011
13
0.011
23.6
16.0
22.1
19.0
555.0
402.1
467.9
4133
4S.0
213
277
7.1
1.297
Car SUV
L7
2012
14
0.011
23.6
16.2
22.1
19.1
549.6
402.0
465.6
4224
47.7
213
274
7.2
1.2S4
Car SUV
L7
2013
IS
0.012
27.2
1S.4
24.4
21.4
4S0.2
363.7
414.7
4500
4S.0
217
30S
7.0
1.422
Car SUV
L7
2014
17
0.011
27.5
IS.6
25.2
21.9
477.3
352.1
406.3
4500
47.4
215
304
7.0
1.417
Car SUV
L7
2015
19
0.011
27.5
IS.6
25.2
21.S
477.S
352.5
406.S
4500
47.5
215
305
7.0
1.418
Car SUV
L7
2016
2
0.001
25.3
17.0
23.6
20.2
522.7
375.9
439.0
4500
50.9
226
325
6.7
1.439
Car SUV
L7
2017
12
0.006
30.9
20.5
2S.7
24.5
421.S
302.6
363.0
3SS5
47.3
162
253
7.2
1.607
Car SUV
L7
201S
-
O.OOS
36.S
24.0
33.2
2S.5
370.0
26S.0
311.9
3500
45.0
121
20S
7.5
1.712
Car SUV
LS
1975
Car SUV
LS
1976
Car SUV
LS
1977
Car SUV
LS
197S
Car SUV
LS
1979
Car SUV
LS
19S0
Car SUV
LS
19S1
Car SUV
LS
19S2
Car SUV
LS
19S3
Car SUV
LS
19S4
Car SUV
LS
19S5
Car SUV
LS
19S6
Car SUV
LS
19S7
Car SUV
LS
19SS
Car SUV
LS
19S9
Car SUV
LS
1990
Car SUV
LS
1991
Car SUV
LS
1992
Car SUV
LS
1993
Car SUV
LS
1994
Car SUV
LS
1995
Car SUV
LS
1996
Car SUV
LS
1997
Car SUV
LS
199S
Car SUV
LS
1999
Car SUV
LS
2000
Car SUV
LS
2001
Car SUV
LS
2002
Car SUV
LS
2003
Car SUV
LS
2004
Car SUV
LS
2005
Car SUV
LS
2006
Car SUV
LS
2007
Car SUV
LS
200S
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-67 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
L7
200S
Car SUV
L7
2009
0.0667
43.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
2010
0.0594
43.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
2011
0.0669
39.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
2012
0.0650
40.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
2013
0.06S5
4S.3
100.0%
72.2%
27.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
2014
0.0676
49.3
100.0%
32.3%
67.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
2015
0.0677
49.2
100.0%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
2016
0.0722
45.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
2017
0.0644
47.9
61.5%
38.5%
61.5%
38.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L7
201S
0.0594
49.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
LS
1975
Car SUV
LS
1976
Car SUV
LS
1977
Car SUV
LS
197S
Car SUV
LS
1979
Car SUV
LS
19S0
Car SUV
LS
19S1
Car SUV
LS
19S2
Car SUV
LS
19S3
Car SUV
LS
19S4
Car SUV
LS
19S5
Car SUV
LS
19S6
Car SUV
LS
19S7
Car SUV
LS
19SS
Car SUV
LS
19S9
Car SUV
LS
1990
Car SUV
LS
1991
Car SUV
LS
1992
Car SUV
LS
1993
Car SUV
LS
1994
Car SUV
LS
1995
Car SUV
LS
1996
Car SUV
LS
1997
Car SUV
LS
199S
Car SUV
LS
1999
Car SUV
LS
2000
Car SUV
LS
2001
Car SUV
LS
2002
Car SUV
LS
2003
Car SUV
LS
2004
Car SUV
LS
2005
Car SUV
LS
2006
Car SUV
LS
2007
Car SUV
LS
200S
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-68 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
LS
2009
Car SUV
LS
2010
Car SUV
LS
2011
Car SUV
LS
2012
Car SUV
LS
2013
Car SUV
LS
2014
Car SUV
LS
2015
23
0.014
31.7
21.2
28.5
24.8
412.9
309.5
358.1
4200
48.1
157
256
7.3
1.742
Car SUV
LS
2016
48
0.026
31.0
20.6
28.2
24.4
429.1
313.9
364.8
4344
49.0
183
279
7.0
1.595
Car SUV
LS
2017
85
0.043
30.5
20.4
27.9
24.1
435.0
317.9
368.8
4344
49.0
183
278
7.0
1.578
Car SUV
LS
201S
-
0.031
32.2
21.3
27.1
24.2
417.0
327.9
366.7
4177
45.9
153
225
7.9
1.488
Car SUV
L9
1975
Car SUV
L9
1976
Car SUV
L9
1977
Car SUV
L9
197S
Car SUV
L9
1979
Car SUV
L9
19S0
Car SUV
L9
19S1
Car SUV
L9
19S2
Car SUV
L9
19S3
Car SUV
L9
19S4
Car SUV
L9
19S5
Car SUV
L9
19S6
Car SUV
L9
19S7
Car SUV
L9
19SS
Car SUV
L9
19S9
Car SUV
L9
1990
Car SUV
L9
1991
Car SUV
L9
1992
Car SUV
L9
1993
Car SUV
L9
1994
Car SUV
L9
1995
Car SUV
L9
1996
Car SUV
L9
1997
Car SUV
L9
199S
Car SUV
L9
1999
Car SUV
L9
2000
Car SUV
L9
2001
Car SUV
L9
2002
Car SUV
L9
2003
Car SUV
L9
2004
Car SUV
L9
2005
Car SUV
L9
2006
Car SUV
L9
2007
Car SUV
L9
200S
Car SUV
L9
2009
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-69 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
LS
2009
Car SUV
LS
2010
Car SUV
LS
2011
Car SUV
LS
2012
Car SUV
LS
2013
Car SUV
LS
2014
Car SUV
LS
2015
0.0610
52.4
51.4%
39.9%
8.6%
60.1%
39.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
LS
2016
0.0642
52.9
92.9%
7.1%
31.1%
68.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
LS
2017
0.063S
52.3
78.3%
21.7%
31.1%
68.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
LS
201S
0.0532
50.6
100.0%
64.6%
35.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L9
1975
Car SUV
L9
1976
Car SUV
L9
1977
Car SUV
L9
197S
Car SUV
L9
1979
Car SUV
L9
19S0
Car SUV
L9
19S1
Car SUV
L9
19S2
Car SUV
L9
19S3
Car SUV
L9
19S4
Car SUV
L9
19S5
Car SUV
L9
19S6
Car SUV
L9
19S7
Car SUV
L9
19SS
Car SUV
L9
19S9
Car SUV
L9
1990
Car SUV
L9
1991
Car SUV
L9
1992
Car SUV
L9
1993
Car SUV
L9
1994
Car SUV
L9
1995
Car SUV
L9
1996
Car SUV
L9
1997
Car SUV
L9
199S
Car SUV
L9
1999
Car SUV
L9
2000
Car SUV
L9
2001
Car SUV
L9
2002
Car SUV
L9
2003
Car SUV
L9
2004
Car SUV
L9
2005
Car SUV
L9
2006
Car SUV
L9
2007
Car SUV
L9
200S
Car SUV
L9
2009
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-70 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
L9
2010
Car SUV
L9
2011
Car SUV
L9
2012
Car SUV
L9
2013
Car SUV
L9
2014
54
0.035
31.2
20.5
29.1
24.7
432.1
304.7
360.3
4000
45.9
165
218
7.9
1.307
Car SUV
L9
2015
93
0.055
32.5
21.4
29.8
25.5
415.1
298.1
348.6
3852
45.0
155
199
8.1
1.279
Car SUV
L9
2016
134
0.072
32.6
21.5
29.7
25.5
413.2
299.4
348.5
3843
45.4
149
196
8.2
1.328
Car SUV
L9
2017
118
0.060
32.6
21.6
30.2
25.8
411.9
294.0
344.9
3807
45.3
148
199
8.0
1.361
Car SUV
L9
2018
-
0.104
33.4
22.3
29.4
25.8
397.7
302.5
344.2
3835
46.0
132
213
7.6
1.660
Car SUV
M3
1975
Car SUV
M3
1976
Car SUV
M3
1977
Car SUV
M3
1978
14
0.842
13.1
9.9
13.1
11.2
872.6
666.3
796.4
4000
259
125
14.2
0.484
Car SUV
M3
1979
2
0.121
11.7
9.7
10.1
9.9
914.3
876.4
897.3
4000
304
122
14.6
0.401
Car SUV
M3
1980
0
0.019
17.2
14.2
14.9
14.5
625.0
595.0
611.5
4000
196
77
21.1
0.393
Car SUV
M3
1981
Car SUV
M3
1982
Car SUV
M3
1983
Car SUV
M3
1984
Car SUV
M3
1985
Car SUV
M3
1986
Car SUV
M3
1987
Car SUV
M3
1988
Car SUV
M3
1989
Car SUV
M3
1990
Car SUV
M3
1991
Car SUV
M3
1992
Car SUV
M3
1993
Car SUV
M3
1994
Car SUV
M3
1995
Car SUV
M3
1996
Car SUV
M3
1997
Car SUV
M3
1998
Car SUV
M3
1999
Car SUV
M3
2000
Car SUV
M3
2001
Car SUV
M3
2002
Car SUV
M3
2003
Car SUV
M3
2004
Car SUV
M3
2005
Car SUV
M3
2006
Car SUV
M3
2007
Car SUV
M3
2008
Car SUV
M3
2009
Car SUV
M3
2010
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-71 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
L9
2010
Car SUV
L9
2011
Car SUV
L9
2012
Car SUV
L9
2013
Car SUV
L9
2014
0.0544
49.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L9
2015
0.0517
49.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L9
2016
0.0511
49.0
87.6%
12.4%
12.4%
87.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L9
2017
0.0522
49.0
86.0%
14.0%
14.0%
86.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
L9
2018
0.0553
49.5
85.9%
14.1%
54.3%
45.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M3
1975
Car SUV
M3
1976
Car SUV
M3
1977
Car SUV
M3
1978
0.0313
22.8
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M3
1979
0.0305
19.8
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M3
1980
0.0193
29.1
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M3
1981
Car SUV
M3
1982
Car SUV
M3
1983
Car SUV
M3
1984
Car SUV
M3
1985
Car SUV
M3
1986
Car SUV
M3
1987
Car SUV
M3
1988
Car SUV
M3
1989
Car SUV
M3
1990
Car SUV
M3
1991
Car SUV
M3
1992
Car SUV
M3
1993
Car SUV
M3
1994
Car SUV
M3
1995
Car SUV
M3
1996
Car SUV
M3
1997
Car SUV
M3
1998
Car SUV
M3
1999
Car SUV
M3
2000
Car SUV
M3
2001
Car SUV
M3
2002
Car SUV
M3
2003
Car SUV
M3
2004
Car SUV
M3
2005
Car SUV
M3
2006
Car SUV
M3
2007
Car SUV
M3
2008
Car SUV
M3
2009
Car SUV
M3
2010
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-72 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
M3
2011
Car SUV
M3
2012
Car SUV
M3
2013
Car SUV
M3
2014
Car SUV
M3
2015
Car SUV
M3
2016
Car SUV
M3
2017
Car SUV
M3
2018
Car SUV
M4
1975
Car SUV
M4
1976
Car SUV
M4
1977
Car SUV
M4
1978
Car SUV
M4
1979
4
0.256
13.8
11.0
12.7
11.7
806.5
697.4
757.5
4000
259
125
14.1
0.484
Car SUV
M4
1980
0
0.019
14.0
11.0
13.2
11.9
800.9
674.7
746.9
4000
289
116
15.4
0.400
Car SUV
M4
1981
Car SUV
M4
1982
1
0.046
26.7
20.8
25.7
22.8
426.5
345.5
390.1
3000
173
110
14.6
0.636
Car SUV
M4
1983
3
0.085
25.0
19.1
25.0
21.4
463.9
355.3
415.8
3500
163
105
15.2
0.649
Car SUV
M4
1984
4
0.067
24.2
18.6
23.8
20.6
475.5
370.7
431.2
3388
161
104
15.0
0.647
Car SUV
M4
1985
7
0.077
24.1
18.5
23.8
20.6
473.3
373.0
432.2
3444
163
103
14.9
0.634
Car SUV
M4
1986
4
0.070
25.0
19.5
23.7
21.2
451.8
373.3
418.4
3399
157
108
13.9
0.690
Car SUV
M4
1987
4
0.041
25.5
19.8
24.0
21.5
446.2
370.2
413.1
3447
157
103
14.7
0.657
Car SUV
M4
1988
0
0.004
28.1
22.0
25.6
23.6
403.8
347.3
377.2
3000
150
117
12.5
0.780
Car SUV
M4
1989
Car SUV
M4
1990
Car SUV
M4
1991
Car SUV
M4
1992
5
0.021
23.0
17.1
21.9
19.2
518.5
405.2
462.8
3450
233
184
8.8
0.793
Car SUV
M4
1993
Car SUV
M4
1994
Car SUV
M4
1995
Car SUV
M4
1996
Car SUV
M4
1997
Car SUV
M4
1998
Car SUV
M4
1999
Car SUV
M4
2000
Car SUV
M4
2001
Car SUV
M4
2002
Car SUV
M4
2003
Car SUV
M4
2004
Car SUV
M4
2005
Car SUV
M4
2006
Car SUV
M4
2007
Car SUV
M4
2008
Car SUV
M4
2009
Car SUV
M4
2010
Car SUV
M4
2011
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-73 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
M3
2011
Car SUV
M3
2012
Car SUV
M3
2013
Car SUV
M3
2014
Car SUV
M3
2015
Car SUV
M3
2016
Car SUV
M3
2017
Car SUV
M3
2018
Car SUV
M4
1975
Car SUV
M4
1976
Car SUV
M4
1977
Car SUV
M4
1978
Car SUV
M4
1979
0.0313
23.5
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1980
0.0289
23.9
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1981
Car SUV
M4
1982
0.0367
34.2
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1983
0.0301
37.5
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1984
0.0306
35.0
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1985
0.0300
35.6
100.0%
65.3%
34.7%
Car SUV
M4
1986
0.0321
36.3
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1987
0.0301
37.2
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1988
0.0390
35.3
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1989
Car SUV
M4
1990
Car SUV
M4
1991
Car SUV
M4
1992
0.0532
33.1
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M4
1993
Car SUV
M4
1994
Car SUV
M4
1995
Car SUV
M4
1996
Car SUV
M4
1997
Car SUV
M4
1998
Car SUV
M4
1999
Car SUV
M4
2000
Car SUV
M4
2001
Car SUV
M4
2002
Car SUV
M4
2003
Car SUV
M4
2004
Car SUV
M4
2005
Car SUV
M4
2006
Car SUV
M4
2007
Car SUV
M4
2008
Car SUV
M4
2009
Car SUV
M4
2010
Car SUV
M4
2011
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-74 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
M4
2012
Car SUV
M4
2013
Car SUV
M4
2014
Car SUV
M4
2015
Car SUV
M4
2016
Car SUV
M4
2017
Car SUV
M4
2018
Car SUV
M5
1975
Car SUV
M5
1976
Car SUV
M5
1977
Car SUV
M5
1978
Car SUV
M5
1979
Car SUV
M5
1980
Car SUV
M5
1981
Car SUV
M5
1982
Car SUV
M5
1983
4
0.107
24.7
18.6
25.3
21.1
476.6
351.4
420.8
3500
170
108
14.4
0.640
Car SUV
M5
1984
7
0.127
23.3
17.5
24.0
19.9
507.7
370.5
446.7
3488
172
109
14.1
0.637
Car SUV
M5
1985
7
0.082
22.7
16.8
23.9
19.4
524.9
371.2
457.9
3406
170
109
13.8
0.645
Car SUV
M5
1986
7
0.111
23.2
17.7
22.9
19.7
497.5
385.9
450.1
3447
167
121
12.4
0.724
Car SUV
M5
1987
10
0.102
24.0
18.1
23.7
20.3
488.9
375.2
437.3
3451
183
135
11.7
0.742
Car SUV
M5
1988
26
0.242
24.3
18.4
23.5
20.5
481.5
377.8
433.6
3489
181
136
11.9
0.755
Car SUV
M5
1989
30
0.274
23.7
17.8
23.0
19.9
497.8
385.7
445.5
3491
177
134
11.6
0.759
Car SUV
M5
1990
23
0.351
23.7
18.0
22.3
19.8
489.9
395.7
448.2
3420
175
130
11.2
0.752
Car SUV
M5
1991
50
0.222
23.9
18.1
22.2
19.9
476.3
395.2
446.2
3500
182
131
11.5
0.738
Car SUV
M5
1992
55
0.225
23.9
18.1
22.0
19.8
475.9
398.3
447.7
3436
168
124
11.6
0.759
Car SUV
M5
1993
52
0.109
24.3
18.3
22.1
20.0
474.3
396.8
443.5
3451
173
134
10.4
0.789
Car SUV
M5
1994
71
0.215
23.4
17.5
21.5
19.3
495.7
407.3
460.2
3497
172
136
10.3
0.803
Car SUV
M5
1995
38
0.174
25.1
18.7
22.7
20.6
464.5
386.4
431.9
3382
148
116
11.9
0.804
Car SUV
M5
1996
44
0.154
25.5
18.9
22.9
20.8
462.9
382.5
427.2
3361
156
132
10.9
0.877
Car SUV
M5
1997
84
0.232
26.5
19.4
23.8
21.5
452.4
368.7
412.9
3254
148
134
10.4
0.928
Car SUV
M5
1998
51
0.111
24.9
18.2
22.4
20.2
481.0
393.1
440.3
3528
168
140
10.8
0.884
Car SUV
M5
1999
41
0.084
25.2
18.3
22.6
20.3
480.1
390.5
436.8
3560
167
143
10.7
0.904
Car SUV
M5
2000
35
0.057
24.0
17.4
21.3
19.3
503.7
412.1
460.2
3717
168
145
10.4
0.908
Car SUV
M5
2001
46
0.062
25.9
18.5
22.9
20.7
469.1
381.0
429.6
3521
147
143
10.1
1.008
Car SUV
M5
2002
45
0.075
26.0
18.4
23.1
20.7
473.4
377.4
428.8
3625
148
146
10.2
1.013
Car SUV
M5
2003
41
0.072
27.4
19.1
24.6
21.8
459.0
357.8
407.2
3606
144
145
10.1
1.024
Car SUV
M5
2004
37
0.058
27.5
18.9
24.8
21.8
463.9
355.0
407.3
3646
145
147
10.1
1.020
Car SUV
M5
2005
27
0.033
29.7
20.3
26.5
23.4
437.6
334.8
379.7
3476
135
145
9.9
1.075
Car SUV
M5
2006
20
0.027
28.9
19.7
25.7
22.7
448.9
344.5
390.7
3533
134
146
10.0
1.093
Car SUV
M5
2007
11
0.012
29.4
19.8
26.7
23.2
447.5
331.6
382.6
3534
132
147
10.1
1.120
Car SUV
M5
2008
6
0.007
29.1
20.0
25.7
22.9
444.7
345.0
388.3
3533
44.4
135
151
9.9
1.119
Car SUV
M5
2009
3
0.006
29.7
20.4
26.1
23.3
432.6
340.2
381.8
3572
45.1
140
160
9.4
1.142
Car SUV
M5
2010
1
0.001
31.5
21.8
27.1
24.5
407.0
327.2
362.0
3500
44.0
147
169
9.1
1.144
Car SUV
M5
2011
3
0.002
32.7
22.1
28.5
25.4
400.8
310.2
350.3
3500
43.7
136
161
9.4
1.193
Car SUV
M5
2012
4
0.003
32.9
22.3
28.6
25.5
398.3
310.3
348.7
3500
43.6
131
161
9.4
1.237
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-75 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
M4
2012
Car SUV
M4
2013
Car SUV
M4
2014
Car SUV
M4
2015
Car SUV
M4
2016
Car SUV
M4
2017
Car SUV
M4
2018
Car SUV
M5
1975
Car SUV
M5
1976
Car SUV
M5
1977
Car SUV
M5
1978
Car SUV
M5
1979
Car SUV
M5
1980
Car SUV
M5
1981
Car SUV
M5
1982
Car SUV
M5
1983
0.0310
37.0
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
1984
0.0313
34.7
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
1985
0.0322
33.1
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
1986
0.0351
34.2
100.0%
22.3%
0.2%
77.2%
0.2%
Car SUV
M5
1987
0.0392
35.1
100.0%
50.4%
49.6%
Car SUV
M5
1988
0.0391
35.8
100.0%
77.8%
22.2%
Car SUV
M5
1989
0.0385
34.9
100.0%
5.2%
74.1%
20.7%
Car SUV
M5
1990
0.0380
33.9
100.0%
14.5%
67.7%
17.8%
Car SUV
M5
1991
0.0369
34.7
100.0%
3.7%
53.0%
43.3%
Car SUV
M5
1992
0.0355
33.9
100.0%
5.5%
54.8%
39.7%
Car SUV
M5
1993
0.0383
34.4
100.0%
6.4%
66.8%
26.8%
Car SUV
M5
1994
0.0385
33.6
6.7%
93.3%
78.2%
21.8%
17.2%
Car SUV
M5
1995
0.0340
34.5
0.8%
99.2%
68.0%
32.0%
3.4%
Car SUV
M5
1996
0.0391
34.9
9.4%
90.6%
100.0%
52.6%
Car SUV
M5
1997
0.0416
35.0
25.0%
75.0%
100.0%
79.9%
Car SUV
M5
1998
0.0397
35.6
12.1%
87.9%
100.0%
64.9%
Car SUV
M5
1999
0.0402
36.2
10.6%
89.4%
100.0%
60.9%
Car SUV
M5
2000
0.0390
36.0
7.0%
93.0%
100.0%
53.8%
Car SUV
M5
2001
0.0408
36.8
38.1%
61.9%
100.0%
60.4%
8.4%
Car SUV
M5
2002
0.0405
37.9
53.1%
46.9%
100.0%
85.9%
8.1%
Car SUV
M5
2003
0.0404
39.5
74.4%
25.6%
100.0%
84.6%
7.0%
Car SUV
M5
2004
0.0404
40.0
74.3%
25.7%
100.0%
91.3%
5.9%
Car SUV
M5
2005
0.0418
40.7
98.9%
1.1%
100.0%
99.3%
8.0%
Car SUV
M5
2006
0.0415
40.3
93.0%
7.0%
100.0%
100.0%
12.5%
Car SUV
M5
2007
0.0416
41.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
20.2%
Car SUV
M5
2008
0.0427
40.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
49.7%
Car SUV
M5
2009
0.0446
41.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
85.6%
Car SUV
M5
2010
0.0482
43.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
2011
0.0459
44.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
2012
0.0460
44.7
96.5%
3.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-76 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
M5
2013
3
0.002
34.5
23.5
29.3
26.5
377.5
303.5
335.8
3500
43.6
125
156
9.6
1.255
Car SUV
M5
2014
8
0.005
33.8
22.9
29.2
26.1
388.7
303.9
340.5
3500
43.5
126
159
9.5
1.263
Car SUV
M5
2015
6
0.003
33.9
23.0
29.2
26.2
386.8
304.1
339.7
3500
43.0
126
157
9.6
1.255
Car SUV
M5
2016
5
0.003
33.8
22.8
29.4
26.1
389.9
302.5
340.1
3500
42.8
125
159
9.5
1.272
Car SUV
M5
2017
1
0.001
33.7
22.9
29.6
26.3
388.0
300.4
338.1
3500
43.5
123
153
9.7
1.246
Car SUV
M5
2018
-
0.001
33.6
22.9
28.8
25.9
388.6
308.9
343.1
3500
44.2
122
148
9.9
1.214
Car SUV
M6
1975
Car SUV
M6
1976
Car SUV
M6
1977
Car SUV
M6
1978
Car SUV
M6
1979
Car SUV
M6
1980
Car SUV
M6
1981
Car SUV
M6
1982
Car SUV
M6
1983
Car SUV
M6
1984
Car SUV
M6
1985
Car SUV
M6
1986
Car SUV
M6
1987
Car SUV
M6
1988
Car SUV
M6
1989
Car SUV
M6
1990
Car SUV
M6
1991
Car SUV
M6
1992
Car SUV
M6
1993
Car SUV
M6
1994
Car SUV
M6
1995
Car SUV
M6
1996
Car SUV
M6
1997
Car SUV
M6
1998
Car SUV
M6
1999
Car SUV
M6
2000
Car SUV
M6
2001
Car SUV
M6
2002
Car SUV
M6
2003
Car SUV
M6
2004
Car SUV
M6
2005
3
0.003
23.4
16.0
21.4
18.7
550.3
413.7
475.5
4277
210
222
8.3
1.050
Car SUV
M6
2006
3
0.004
22.3
15.5
20.0
17.8
574.7
443.8
500.1
4345
236
248
7.5
1.047
Car SUV
M6
2007
4
0.004
22.8
15.8
20.5
18.1
563.7
432.9
489.7
4127
233
212
8.2
0.906
Car SUV
M6
2008
0
0.000
22.6
15.8
20.0
18.0
561.5
444.3
494.7
4500
45.6
241
261
7.5
1.083
Car SUV
M6
2009
0
0.000
22.7
15.8
20.2
18.0
562.6
439.6
492.5
4500
45.6
241
261
7.4
1.083
Car SUV
M6
2010
1
0.001
29.9
20.1
27.3
23.6
438.7
321.6
375.8
3761
45.7
155
183
8.7
1.191
Car SUV
M6
2011
3
0.003
29.7
19.9
27.0
23.4
446.1
328.9
379.7
3823
46.7
146
175
9.0
1.197
Car SUV
M6
2012
1
0.001
28.1
19.1
26.6
22.7
464.3
334.5
390.8
3744
44.8
134
193
8.2
1.466
Car SUV
M6
2013
2
0.001
37.6
25.0
32.9
29.0
351.5
268.9
306.7
3540
45.9
122
159
9.3
1.300
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-77 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
M5
2013
0.0446
46.4
98.8%
1.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
2014
0.0453
45.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
2015
0.0449
45.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
2016
0.0453
45.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
2017
0.0437
46.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M5
2018
0.0423
45.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
1975
Car SUV
M6
1976
Car SUV
M6
1977
Car SUV
M6
1978
Car SUV
M6
1979
Car SUV
M6
1980
Car SUV
M6
1981
Car SUV
M6
1982
Car SUV
M6
1983
Car SUV
M6
1984
Car SUV
M6
1985
Car SUV
M6
1986
Car SUV
M6
1987
Car SUV
M6
1988
Car SUV
M6
1989
Car SUV
M6
1990
Car SUV
M6
1991
Car SUV
M6
1992
Car SUV
M6
1993
Car SUV
M6
1994
Car SUV
M6
1995
Car SUV
M6
1996
Car SUV
M6
1997
Car SUV
M6
1998
Car SUV
M6
1999
Car SUV
M6
2000
Car SUV
M6
2001
Car SUV
M6
2002
Car SUV
M6
2003
Car SUV
M6
2004
Car SUV
M6
2005
0.0513
40.1
100.0%
100.0%
86.7%
55.3%
Car SUV
M6
2006
0.0569
38.6
100.0%
100.0%
69.1%
69.1%
Car SUV
M6
2007
0.0511
37.5
100.0%
100.0%
25.4%
25.4%
Car SUV
M6
2008
0.0580
40.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2009
0.0580
40.6
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2010
0.0487
44.6
91.1%
8.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2011
0.0461
44.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2012
0.0515
42.5
100.0%
48.9%
51.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2013
0.0448
51.5
100.0%
99.0%
1.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-78 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
M6
2014
3
0.002
37.4
24.9
32.8
28.9
352.5
269.3
307.6
3548
45.9
122
159
9.2
1.307
Car SUV
M6
2015
4
0.002
36.6
24.5
31.6
28.1
362.7
280.7
316.4
3500
43.8
96
159
9.0
1.702
Car SUV
M6
2016
7
0.004
37.3
24.8
32.4
28.6
358.3
274.2
310.7
3255
43.7
102
151
9.1
1.512
Car SUV
M6
2017
3
0.001
35.6
23.7
32.0
27.8
375.0
277.1
319.5
3429
43.1
101
166
8.6
1.717
Car SUV
M6
2018
-
0.004
35.2
23.1
31.7
27.3
384.2
280.6
325.3
3485
43.4
122
174
8.5
1.502
Car SUV
OT
1975
Car SUV
OT
1976
Car SUV
OT
1977
Car SUV
OT
1978
Car SUV
OT
1979
Car SUV
OT
1980
Car SUV
OT
1981
Car SUV
OT
1982
Car SUV
OT
1983
Car SUV
OT
1984
Car SUV
OT
1985
Car SUV
OT
1986
Car SUV
OT
1987
Car SUV
OT
1988
Car SUV
OT
1989
Car SUV
OT
1990
Car SUV
OT
1991
Car SUV
OT
1992
Car SUV
OT
1993
Car SUV
OT
1994
Car SUV
OT
1995
Car SUV
OT
1996
Car SUV
OT
1997
Car SUV
OT
1998
Car SUV
OT
1999
Car SUV
OT
2000
Car SUV
OT
2001
Car SUV
OT
2002
Car SUV
OT
2003
Car SUV
OT
2004
Car SUV
OT
2005
Car SUV
OT
2006
Car SUV
OT
2007
Car SUV
OT
2008
Car SUV
OT
2009
Car SUV
OT
2010
Car SUV
OT
2011
Car SUV
OT
2012
0
0.000
108.2
77.9
73.3
75.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4036
45.0
153
7.7
Car SUV
OT
2013
1
0.001
107.9
77.5
73.2
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4062
45.0
152
7.0
Car SUV
OT
2014
1
0.001
107.9
77.6
73.2
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4059
45.0
152
7.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-79 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
M6
2014
0.0448
51.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2015
0.0453
49.2
100.0%
28.3%
71.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2016
0.0465
46.5
100.0%
19.5%
80.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2017
0.0485
47.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
M6
2018
0.0501
47.6
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
OT
1975
Car SUV
OT
1976
Car SUV
OT
1977
Car SUV
OT
1978
Car SUV
OT
1979
Car SUV
OT
1980
Car SUV
OT
1981
Car SUV
OT
1982
Car SUV
OT
1983
Car SUV
OT
1984
Car SUV
OT
1985
Car SUV
OT
1986
Car SUV
OT
1987
Car SUV
OT
1988
Car SUV
OT
1989
Car SUV
OT
1990
Car SUV
OT
1991
Car SUV
OT
1992
Car SUV
OT
1993
Car SUV
OT
1994
Car SUV
OT
1995
Car SUV
OT
1996
Car SUV
OT
1997
Car SUV
OT
1998
Car SUV
OT
1999
Car SUV
OT
2000
Car SUV
OT
2001
Car SUV
OT
2002
Car SUV
OT
2003
Car SUV
OT
2004
Car SUV
OT
2005
Car SUV
OT
2006
Car SUV
OT
2007
Car SUV
OT
2008
Car SUV
OT
2009
Car SUV
OT
2010
Car SUV
OT
2011
Car SUV
OT
2012
0.0380
151.7
100.0%
Car SUV
OT
2013
0.0377
152.1
100.0%
Car SUV
OT
2014
0.0377
152.1
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-80 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
OT
2015
Car SUV
OT
2016
18
0.009
124.4
89.8
93.3
91.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
5518
54.5
405
4.8
Car SUV
OT
2017
17
0.009
122.4
88.0
92.1
90.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
5743
54.8
761
4.0
Car SUV
OT
2018
-
0.009
120.2
71.7
73.1
72.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
5831
54.8
758
4.0
Van
A3
1975
Van
A3
1976
Van
A3
1977
Van
A3
1978
Van
A3
1979
377
0.784
13.0
10.7
11.6
11.1
813.4
753.7
803.6
4626
334
148
15.4
0.445
Van
A3
1980
85
0.350
15.2
12.2
13.9
12.9
714.5
627.6
688.7
4657
315
137
16.7
0.437
Van
A3
1981
77
0.314
16.0
12.9
14.5
13.6
681.0
607.8
655.4
4511
309
131
16.8
0.425
Van
A3
1982
119
0.385
15.6
12.6
14.2
13.3
700.9
618.2
669.6
4519
314
135
17.5
0.431
Van
A3
1983
110
0.286
15.7
12.7
14.3
13.4
691.5
613.1
665.2
4399
316
133
16.0
0.424
Van
A3
1984
264
0.390
17.8
14.2
16.4
15.1
596.3
516.2
588.8
3962
249
127
15.9
0.548
Van
A3
1985
365
0.427
19.2
15.5
17.6
16.4
551.2
483.9
543.3
3827
218
121
16.0
0.593
Van
A3
1986
328
0.314
21.0
16.7
19.4
17.8
518.2
443.8
499.3
3843
204
115
15.8
0.597
Van
A3
1987
287
0.257
19.3
15.3
17.6
16.3
561.3
479.6
545.7
4098
240
137
14.8
0.593
Van
A3
1988
199
0.176
19.4
15.3
17.5
16.3
553.2
482.5
545.2
4172
247
139
15.1
0.578
Van
A3
1989
262
0.205
20.8
16.3
18.8
17.4
522.8
451.2
510.1
3899
208
131
14.7
0.667
Van
A3
1990
53
0.042
18.7
14.8
16.4
15.6
591.0
528.9
571.1
4326
260
151
12.9
0.615
Van
A3
1991
19
0.018
17.3
13.8
14.9
14.3
642.4
593.8
620.8
4609
276
142
14.1
0.527
Van
A3
1992
23
0.019
16.4
12.9
14.4
13.6
688.5
613.2
654.7
4897
307
174
12.4
0.564
Van
A3
1993
24
0.017
16.6
13.0
14.6
13.7
683.7
606.6
647.4
5074
303
160
12.4
0.526
Van
A3
1994
30
0.021
16.4
12.7
14.4
13.5
699.2
614.3
658.0
4956
307
175
11.6
0.568
Van
A3
1995
27
0.016
16.3
12.6
14.2
13.4
703.6
623.7
665.1
5030
305
168
12.3
0.549
Van
A3
1996
23
0.016
15.9
12.1
14.0
13.0
734.0
633.0
683.0
5066
305
170
12.8
0.554
Van
A3
1997
5
0.004
16.0
12.1
14.2
13.1
737.1
627.7
679.6
4500
318
215
10.0
0.676
Van
A3
1998
Van
A3
1999
Van
A3
2000
Van
A3
2001
Van
A3
2002
Van
A3
2003
Van
A3
2004
Van
A3
2005
Van
A3
2006
Van
A3
2007
Van
A3
2008
Van
A3
2009
Van
A3
2010
Van
A3
2011
Van
A3
2012
Van
A3
2013
Van
A3
2014
Van
A3
2015
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-81 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
OT
2015
Car SUV
OT
2016
0.0734
253.2
100.0%
Car SUV
OT
2017
0.1327
259.2
0.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
OT
2018
0.1301
211.4
0.7%
99.3%
Van
A3
1975
Van
A3
1976
Van
A3
1977
Van
A3
1978
Van
A3
1979
0.0321
25.9
100.0%
99.6%
0.4%
Van
A3
1980
0.0294
30.3
100.0%
96.8%
3.2%
Van
A3
1981
0.0290
30.8
100.0%
97.3%
2.7%
Van
A3
1982
0.0299
30.1
100.0%
98.6%
1.4%
Van
A3
1983
0.0304
29.6
0.4%
99.6%
97.0%
2.6%
0.4%
Van
A3
1984
0.0319
30.6
39.7%
60.3%
97.5%
2.1%
0.5%
Van
A3
1985
0.0314
31.9
59.2%
40.8%
98.5%
1.5%
Van
A3
1986
0.0299
34.5
66.3%
33.7%
99.1%
0.9%
Van
A3
1987
0.0329
33.8
43.2%
56.8%
58.8%
16.7%
24.5%
Van
A3
1988
0.0329
34.6
38.1%
61.9%
1.3%
29.9%
68.8%
Van
A3
1989
0.0334
34.5
64.6%
35.4%
46.7%
53.3%
Van
A3
1990
0.0352
33.8
16.3%
6.7%
77.0%
70.3%
29.7%
Van
A3
1991
0.0307
33.0
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A3
1992
0.0358
33.5
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A3
1993
0.0318
34.9
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
Van
A3
1994
0.0359
33.5
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A3
1995
0.0339
33.7
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A3
1996
0.0342
33.0
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A3
1997
0.0478
29.4
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A3
1998
Van
A3
1999
Van
A3
2000
Van
A3
2001
Van
A3
2002
Van
A3
2003
Van
A3
2004
Van
A3
2005
Van
A3
2006
Van
A3
2007
Van
A3
2008
Van
A3
2009
Van
A3
2010
Van
A3
2011
Van
A3
2012
Van
A3
2013
Van
A3
2014
Van
A3
2015
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-82 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
A3
2016
Van
A3
2017
Van
A3
2018
Van
A4
1975
Van
A4
1976
Van
A4
1977
Van
A4
1978
Van
A4
1979
Van
A4
1980
Van
A4
1981
Van
A4
1982
Van
A4
1983
Van
A4
1984
Van
A4
1985
Van
A4
1986
Van
A4
1987
Van
A4
1988
Van
A4
1989
Van
A4
1990
6
0.005
14.5
11.2
13.5
12.2
792.9
656.0
729.0
4709
348
184
11.2
0.530
Van
A4
1991
3
0.003
14.4
11.1
13.2
12.0
801.9
673.1
740.3
4640
344
182
11.3
0.530
Van
A4
1992
1
0.001
13.6
10.4
12.5
11.3
857.2
709.8
785.2
4856
360
203
10.5
0.564
Van
A4
1993
Van
A4
1994
Van
A4
1995
Van
A4
1996
Van
A4
1997
Van
A4
1998
Van
A4
1999
Van
A4
2000
Van
A4
2001
Van
A4
2002
Van
A4
2003
Van
A4
2004
Van
A4
2005
Van
A4
2006
Van
A4
2007
Van
A4
2008
Van
A4
2009
Van
A4
2010
Van
A4
2011
Van
A4
2012
Van
A4
2013
Van
A4
2014
Van
A4
2015
Van
A4
2016
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-83 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
A3
2016
Van
A3
2017
Van
A3
2018
Van
A4
1975
Van
A4
1976
Van
A4
1977
Van
A4
1978
Van
A4
1979
Van
A4
1980
Van
A4
1981
Van
A4
1982
Van
A4
1983
Van
A4
1984
Van
A4
1985
Van
A4
1986
Van
A4
1987
Van
A4
1988
Van
A4
1989
Van
A4
1990
0.0393
28.7
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A4
1991
0.0394
27.9
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A4
1992
0.0421
27.4
100.0%
100.0%
Van
A4
1993
Van
A4
1994
Van
A4
1995
Van
A4
1996
Van
A4
1997
Van
A4
1998
Van
A4
1999
Van
A4
2000
Van
A4
2001
Van
A4
2002
Van
A4
2003
Van
A4
2004
Van
A4
2005
Van
A4
2006
Van
A4
2007
Van
A4
2008
Van
A4
2009
Van
A4
2010
Van
A4
2011
Van
A4
2012
Van
A4
2013
Van
A4
2014
Van
A4
2015
Van
A4
2016
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-84 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
A4
2017
Van
A4
2018
Van
CVT
1975
Van
CVT
1976
Van
CVT
1977
Van
CVT
1978
Van
CVT
1979
Van
CVT
1980
Van
CVT
1981
Van
CVT
1982
Van
CVT
1983
Van
CVT
1984
Van
CVT
1985
Van
CVT
1986
Van
CVT
1987
Van
CVT
1988
Van
CVT
1989
Van
CVT
1990
Van
CVT
1991
Van
CVT
1992
Van
CVT
1993
Van
CVT
1994
Van
CVT
1995
Van
CVT
1996
Van
CVT
1997
Van
CVT
1998
Van
CVT
1999
Van
CVT
2000
Van
CVT
2001
Van
CVT
2002
Van
CVT
2003
Van
CVT
2004
Van
CVT
2005
76
0.051
25.4
17.3
23.2
20.2
514.5
381.4
439.6
4239
182
203
9.3
1.115
Van
CVT
2006
55
0.047
25.7
17.4
23.6
20.5
509.8
375.8
434.2
4181
182
203
9.2
1.115
Van
CVT
2007
38
0.045
25.7
17.4
23.6
20.5
508.9
374.8
433.3
4168
182
203
9.3
1.115
Van
CVT
2008
Van
CVT
2009
Van
CVT
2010
Van
CVT
2011
16
0.031
27.1
18.5
24.3
21.4
480.0
366.0
415.0
4500
55.7
214
260
8.1
1.215
Van
CVT
2012
21
0.032
27.4
18.8
24.4
21.6
473.7
364.1
411.2
4500
55.7
214
265
8.0
1.241
Van
CVT
2013
17
0.030
29.5
20.3
24.8
22.7
432.9
358.2
392.2
4172
53.2
184
221
9.1
1.186
Van
CVT
2014
19
0.028
30.8
21.3
25.0
23.3
412.2
355.0
381.5
3949
51.5
163
189
9.9
1.138
Van
CVT
2015
53
0.081
33.4
22.9
26.5
24.8
385.1
335.8
358.3
3744
49.8
144
162
10.6
1.108
Van
CVT
2016
18
0.029
32.4
22.0
26.7
24.4
399.4
333.4
363.5
3935
51.4
162
187
9.9
1.136
Van
CVT
2017
36
0.058
34.0
23.5
26.5
25.1
376.7
335.8
354.3
3651
49.1
136
150
10.9
1.095
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-85 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
A4
2017
Van
A4
2018
Van
CVT
1975
Van
CVT
1976
Van
CVT
1977
Van
CVT
1978
Van
CVT
1979
Van
CVT
1980
Van
CVT
1981
Van
CVT
1982
Van
CVT
1983
Van
CVT
1984
Van
CVT
1985
Van
CVT
1986
Van
CVT
1987
Van
CVT
1988
Van
CVT
1989
Van
CVT
1990
Van
CVT
1991
Van
CVT
1992
Van
CVT
1993
Van
CVT
1994
Van
CVT
1995
Van
CVT
1996
Van
CVT
1997
Van
CVT
1998
Van
CVT
1999
Van
CVT
2000
Van
CVT
2001
Van
CVT
2002
Van
CVT
2003
Van
CVT
2004
Van
CVT
2005
0.0481
42.8
52.1%
47.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2006
0.0487
42.8
63.9%
36.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2007
0.0489
42.7
66.4%
33.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2008
Van
CVT
2009
Van
CVT
2010
Van
CVT
2011
0.0578
48.2
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2012
0.0589
48.6
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2013
0.0518
47.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2014
0.0466
45.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2015
0.0424
46.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2016
0.0463
47.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
CVT
2017
0.0405
45.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-86 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
CVT
2018
-
0.058
34.8
24.0
26.0
25.1
370.0
341.8
353.9
3500
47.9
122
131
11.4
1.073
Van
L10
1975
Van
L10
1976
Van
L10
1977
Van
L10
1978
Van
L10
1979
Van
L10
1980
Van
L10
1981
Van
L10
1982
Van
L10
1983
Van
L10
1984
Van
L10
1985
Van
L10
1986
Van
L10
1987
Van
L10
1988
Van
L10
1989
Van
L10
1990
Van
L10
1991
Van
L10
1992
Van
L10
1993
Van
L10
1994
Van
L10
1995
Van
L10
1996
Van
L10
1997
Van
L10
1998
Van
L10
1999
Van
L10
2000
Van
L10
2001
Van
L10
2002
Van
L10
2003
Van
L10
2004
Van
L10
2005
Van
L10
2006
Van
L10
2007
Van
L10
2008
Van
L10
2009
Van
L10
2010
Van
L10
2011
Van
L10
2012
Van
L10
2013
Van
L10
2014
Van
L10
2015
Van
L10
2016
Van
L10
2017
Van
L10
2018
-
0.075
29.4
19.3
27.7
23.4
459.6
320.4
380.3
4771
55.2
214
280
7.2
1.311
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-87 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
CVT
2018
0.0374
43.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L10
1975
Van
L10
1976
Van
L10
1977
Van
L10
1978
Van
L10
1979
Van
L10
1980
Van
L10
1981
Van
L10
1982
Van
L10
1983
Van
L10
1984
Van
L10
1985
Van
L10
1986
Van
L10
1987
Van
L10
1988
Van
L10
1989
Van
L10
1990
Van
L10
1991
Van
L10
1992
Van
L10
1993
Van
L10
1994
Van
L10
1995
Van
L10
1996
Van
L10
1997
Van
L10
1998
Van
L10
1999
Van
L10
2000
Van
L10
2001
Van
L10
2002
Van
L10
2003
Van
L10
2004
Van
L10
2005
Van
L10
2006
Van
L10
2007
Van
L10
2008
Van
L10
2009
Van
L10
2010
Van
L10
2011
Van
L10
2012
Van
L10
2013
Van
L10
2014
Van
L10
2015
Van
L10
2016
Van
L10
2017
Van
L10
2018
0.0589
55.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-88 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
L3
1975
Van
L3
1976
Van
L3
1977
Van
L3
1978
Van
L3
1979
33
0.068
14.7
12.0
13.0
12.4
726.4
661.3
714.7
4227
301
136
15.6
0.452
Van
L3
1980
94
0.390
16.6
13.3
15.3
14.1
663.5
578.5
630.5
4283
297
139
15.8
0.471
Van
L3
1981
114
0.466
17.6
14.1
16.3
15.0
627.6
542.2
592.3
4307
285
138
16.0
0.482
Van
L3
1982
142
0.458
17.9
14.4
16.5
15.2
616.1
537.5
582.9
4315
286
142
16.8
0.493
Van
L3
1983
26
0.068
19.7
15.9
17.8
16.7
556.8
497.6
531.6
4000
225
95
19.2
0.422
Van
L3
1984
101
0.149
18.4
14.6
17.0
15.6
593.2
514.6
569.3
4208
266
131
16.0
0.499
Van
L3
1985
150
0.175
17.2
13.8
15.6
14.6
630.1
558.3
609.1
4369
285
149
14.6
0.531
Van
L3
1986
183
0.175
17.5
14.0
16.0
14.8
621.8
547.1
598.6
4365
288
146
14.2
0.518
Van
L3
1987
228
0.205
22.0
17.1
20.7
18.6
506.7
421.4
478.3
3773
207
138
14.0
0.702
Van
L3
1988
367
0.324
22.7
17.3
22.0
19.2
510.7
400.4
463.3
3853
194
143
13.9
0.760
Van
L3
1989
111
0.087
20.9
16.1
19.6
17.6
541.1
445.4
505.6
3871
215
138
13.7
0.682
Van
L3
1990
308
0.244
23.3
17.7
21.9
19.5
496.6
399.6
455.3
3789
186
125
13.8
0.677
Van
L3
1991
225
0.218
23.5
17.9
21.7
19.6
491.9
404.1
453.9
3893
183
125
14.2
0.687
Van
L3
1992
258
0.211
24.0
18.1
22.3
19.9
488.8
395.6
445.6
3902
179
129
13.6
0.718
Van
L3
1993
274
0.190
24.6
18.2
23.1
20.4
486.3
382.1
436.0
3632
179
132
12.0
0.737
Van
L3
1994
259
0.182
23.0
17.2
21.2
19.0
513.2
414.4
467.9
3800
190
142
11.8
0.745
Van
L3
1995
226
0.136
24.4
18.0
22.5
20.0
491.6
391.3
443.7
3647
184
136
12.0
0.737
Van
L3
1996
243
0.172
23.7
17.4
21.9
19.5
508.4
401.2
456.7
4042
182
153
12.2
0.845
Van
L3
1997
204
0.161
23.5
17.0
21.7
19.2
518.9
404.5
463.2
4047
183
149
12.4
0.822
Van
L3
1998
113
0.076
24.1
17.3
22.5
19.7
511.0
386.9
451.0
4059
173
153
12.6
0.898
Van
L3
1999
78
0.054
23.7
17.0
21.7
19.2
517.9
398.1
462.2
4112
168
155
12.6
0.953
Van
L3
2000
76
0.045
24.1
17.1
22.1
19.5
512.7
390.4
455.3
4097
165
155
12.0
0.961
Van
L3
2001
39
0.031
23.0
16.6
20.4
18.5
527.7
422.6
480.5
4136
172
156
11.8
0.941
Van
L3
2002
17
0.014
21.5
15.4
19.0
17.2
565.5
451.2
516.7
4219
186
160
11.9
0.896
Van
L3
2003
5
0.004
17.7
13.2
14.8
14.1
671.0
602.0
632.5
4516
239
175
11.4
0.732
Van
L3
2004
Van
L3
2005
Van
L3
2006
Van
L3
2007
Van
L3
2008
Van
L3
2009
Van
L3
2010
Van
L3
2011
Van
L3
2012
Van
L3
2013
Van
L3
2014
Van
L3
2015
Van
L3
2016
Van
L3
2017
Van
L3
2018
Van
L4
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-89 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
L3
1975
Van
L3
1976
Van
L3
1977
Van
L3
1978
Van
L3
1979
0.0322
26.6
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L3
1980
0.0325
30.2
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L3
1981
0.0318
32.4
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L3
1982
0.0327
32.9
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L3
1983
0.0238
33.5
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L3
1984
0.0309
32.9
8.3%
91.7%
100.0%
Van
L3
1985
0.0340
32.0
7.4%
92.6%
100.0%
Van
L3
1986
0.0333
32.4
8.3%
91.7%
100.0%
Van
L3
1987
0.0368
35.3
72.9%
27.1%
31.8%
68.2%
Van
L3
1988
0.0374
37.1
87.8%
12.2%
87.8%
12.2%
Van
L3
1989
0.0360
34.2
63.5%
36.5%
63.5%
36.5%
Van
L3
1990
0.0331
37.2
90.1%
9.9%
30.6%
69.4%
Van
L3
1991
0.0320
38.3
90.8%
9.2%
39.1%
60.9%
Van
L3
1992
0.0329
39.1
94.0%
6.0%
63.0%
37.0%
Van
L3
1993
0.0365
37.1
96.8%
3.2%
72.7%
27.3%
Van
L3
1994
0.0374
36.2
78.6%
21.4%
75.0%
25.0%
Van
L3
1995
0.0374
36.6
91.2%
8.8%
69.3%
30.7%
Van
L3
1996
0.0378
39.6
90.2%
9.8%
100.0%
12.9%
Van
L3
1997
0.0367
39.1
86.5%
13.5%
100.0%
18.3%
Van
L3
1998
0.0377
40.3
88.4%
11.6%
100.0%
43.6%
Van
L3
1999
0.0378
40.0
78.5%
21.5%
100.0%
78.5%
Van
L3
2000
0.0377
40.5
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
81.2%
Van
L3
2001
0.0378
38.8
74.1%
25.9%
100.0%
74.1%
Van
L3
2002
0.0380
36.9
58.1%
41.9%
100.0%
58.1%
Van
L3
2003
0.0388
31.7
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L3
2004
Van
L3
2005
Van
L3
2006
Van
L3
2007
Van
L3
2008
Van
L3
2009
Van
L3
2010
Van
L3
2011
Van
L3
2012
Van
L3
2013
Van
L3
2014
Van
L3
2015
Van
L3
2016
Van
L3
2017
Van
L3
2018
Van
L4
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-90 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
L4
1976
Van
L4
1977
Van
L4
1978
Van
L4
1979
Van
L4
1980
Van
L4
1981
0
0.000
15.9
12.7
14.7
13.5
697.8
605.1
656.1
4500
302
142
15.3
0.470
Van
L4
1982
Van
L4
1983
201
0.525
18.2
14.3
17.3
15.5
622.6
516.0
577.9
4569
306
151
14.6
0.495
Van
L4
1984
207
0.307
19.0
14.8
18.3
16.2
581.3
479.8
550.2
4363
276
136
15.4
0.517
Van
L4
1985
255
0.299
19.9
15.4
19.2
16.9
556.5
449.5
525.3
4106
259
138
14.5
0.556
Van
L4
1986
445
0.426
21.1
16.2
20.5
17.9
539.3
429.2
495.6
4064
234
134
14.2
0.593
Van
L4
1987
526
0.472
21.0
16.0
20.4
17.8
548.0
431.7
500.3
4053
237
151
13.3
0.665
Van
L4
1988
524
0.463
20.7
15.6
20.3
17.5
562.8
434.2
507.8
4182
251
155
13.3
0.641
Van
L4
1989
867
0.679
21.2
15.9
20.7
17.9
551.5
424.7
497.9
4144
234
153
13.0
0.681
Van
L4
1990
872
0.691
20.8
15.5
20.3
17.5
564.9
431.5
508.9
4196
238
158
12.0
0.686
Van
L4
1991
772
0.747
21.0
15.6
20.3
17.6
562.8
432.7
505.5
4196
230
156
12.2
0.708
Van
L4
1992
919
0.753
21.0
15.5
20.2
17.5
566.5
433.4
507.5
4217
234
159
11.9
0.702
Van
L4
1993
1127
0.782
21.4
15.6
20.8
17.8
562.6
423.3
498.3
4206
226
161
11.0
0.733
Van
L4
1994
1123
0.792
21.3
15.5
20.6
17.7
566.3
425.5
501.5
4221
233
163
10.8
0.720
Van
L4
1995
1406
0.846
21.6
15.5
21.0
17.9
566.1
417.8
496.0
4166
237
162
11.0
0.707
Van
L4
1996
1143
0.811
22.1
15.7
21.5
18.3
559.1
408.9
486.5
4211
227
174
11.1
0.783
Van
L4
1997
1038
0.821
21.9
15.6
21.1
18.0
566.7
416.0
492.4
4277
227
179
11.0
0.801
Van
L4
1998
1375
0.924
22.6
15.9
21.9
18.6
553.9
401.7
477.3
4193
221
182
11.0
0.835
Van
L4
1999
1385
0.946
22.2
15.5
21.5
18.2
567.4
408.6
487.6
4317
226
184
11.1
0.825
Van
L4
2000
1615
0.955
22.7
15.8
21.8
18.6
558.4
402.7
478.6
4284
219
184
10.5
0.853
Van
L4
2001
1194
0.969
22.1
15.3
21.1
18.0
570.2
411.2
492.9
4531
231
203
10.0
0.896
Van
L4
2002
1028
0.827
23.1
15.9
21.9
18.7
553.0
399.8
474.6
4352
219
195
10.3
0.901
Van
L4
2003
977
0.793
23.6
16.1
22.3
19.1
546.2
392.7
466.0
4356
222
196
10.1
0.891
Van
L4
2004
505
0.530
23.2
15.7
22.1
18.7
563.6
397.4
474.6
4444
230
201
10.1
0.882
Van
L4
2005
952
0.643
23.7
15.9
22.4
19.1
556.0
393.9
466.5
4381
222
198
10.0
0.896
Van
L4
2006
657
0.563
23.6
15.8
22.4
19.0
560.0
393.4
468.0
4491
224
198
10.2
0.891
Van
L4
2007
406
0.479
23.4
15.6
22.5
18.9
566.0
393.0
469.4
4488
227
204
10.2
0.901
Van
L4
2008
213
0.270
23.8
16.0
22.6
19.2
553.9
389.3
463.0
4601
53.8
225
204
10.5
0.902
Van
L4
2009
80
0.218
23.9
16.1
22.4
19.2
549.9
390.9
463.7
4645
56.1
217
206
10.1
0.960
Van
L4
2010
125
0.223
25.6
17.4
23.3
20.3
498.5
378.7
436.8
4305
53.8
188
173
11.2
0.947
Van
L4
2011
45
0.087
24.8
17.2
21.8
19.6
490.5
392.2
454.0
4259
54.1
187
179
11.1
1.024
Van
L4
2012
62
0.093
24.9
17.2
22.3
19.8
494.1
383.4
449.4
4253
54.4
188
176
11.3
0.992
Van
L4
2013
61
0.107
26.0
18.0
23.1
20.6
475.6
370.8
432.0
4081
52.9
173
168
11.3
1.026
Van
L4
2014
22
0.033
19.0
13.2
17.5
15.4
668.8
503.9
578.0
5397
63.9
289
240
10.2
0.823
Van
L4
2015
Van
L4
2016
Van
L4
2017
Van
L4
2018
Van
L5
1975
Van
L5
1976
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-91 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
L4
1976
Van
L4
1977
Van
L4
1978
Van
L4
1979
Van
L4
1980
Van
L4
1981
0.0316
30.5
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L4
1982
Van
L4
1983
0.0331
35.8
100.0%
91.9%
8.1%
Van
L4
1984
0.0310
35.7
100.0%
81.1%
15.9%
3.0%
Van
L4
1985
0.0337
35.2
0.1%
99.9%
82.8%
15.3%
0.9%
1.0%
Van
L4
1986
0.0329
36.5
0.1%
99.9%
18.6%
44.0%
37.0%
0.4%
Van
L4
1987
0.0372
36.1
0.9%
99.1%
50.9%
48.9%
0.2%
Van
L4
1988
0.0372
36.6
0.2%
99.8%
45.0%
54.8%
0.2%
Van
L4
1989
0.0369
37.2
21.7%
0.4%
77.9%
60.4%
39.5%
0.1%
Van
L4
1990
0.0376
36.9
33.6%
8.8%
57.6%
67.1%
32.8%
0.1%
Van
L4
1991
0.0373
37.1
24.5%
13.9%
61.5%
69.1%
30.8%
0.1%
Van
L4
1992
0.0377
37.1
32.5%
7.1%
60.4%
73.6%
26.4%
0.1%
Van
L4
1993
0.0383
37.6
39.2%
5.8%
55.0%
80.3%
19.7%
Van
L4
1994
0.0387
37.6
47.5%
8.1%
44.4%
82.4%
17.6%
4.3%
Van
L4
1995
0.0390
37.4
57.7%
10.7%
31.6%
90.0%
10.0%
5.3%
Van
L4
1996
0.0415
38.6
71.8%
2.9%
25.3%
100.0%
4.3%
Van
L4
1997
0.0419
38.6
61.9%
4.9%
33.2%
100.0%
4.1%
Van
L4
1998
0.0435
39.1
77.5%
3.5%
19.0%
100.0%
7.6%
Van
L4
1999
0.0427
39.4
75.9%
2.9%
21.2%
100.0%
8.7%
8.7%
Van
L4
2000
0.0430
39.9
80.6%
2.8%
16.6%
100.0%
18.8%
15.7%
Van
L4
2001
0.0449
41.1
69.1%
8.9%
21.9%
100.0%
20.9%
17.5%
Van
L4
2002
0.0448
41.0
81.7%
3.7%
14.6%
100.0%
14.1%
10.8%
Van
L4
2003
0.0450
41.7
79.8%
6.3%
13.9%
100.0%
7.0%
4.4%
Van
L4
2004
0.0453
41.7
79.9%
4.1%
16.0%
100.0%
10.0%
8.8%
Van
L4
2005
0.0452
41.8
89.5%
2.1%
8.3%
100.0%
3.5%
1.3%
Van
L4
2006
0.0442
42.7
88.0%
1.9%
10.1%
100.0%
5.4%
3.4%
Van
L4
2007
0.0454
42.5
92.2%
1.0%
6.8%
100.0%
2.0%
17.4%
Van
L4
2008
0.0442
44.2
86.7%
1.9%
11.4%
100.0%
36.3%
Van
L4
2009
0.0443
44.6
81.2%
3.1%
15.7%
100.0%
Van
L4
2010
0.0399
43.7
88.0%
2.5%
9.6%
100.0%
29.6%
5.2%
Van
L4
2011
0.0415
41.6
61.9%
6.7%
31.4%
100.0%
63.0%
13.5%
Van
L4
2012
0.0407
42.0
59.3%
5.3%
35.4%
100.0%
59.3%
10.7%
Van
L4
2013
0.0405
41.9
69.6%
5.5%
24.9%
100.0%
69.6%
10.2%
Van
L4
2014
0.0441
41.5
18.8%
81.2%
100.0%
34.8%
Van
L4
2015
Van
L4
2016
Van
L4
2017
Van
L4
2018
Van
L5
1975
Van
L5
1976
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-92 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
L5
1977
Van
L5
1978
Van
L5
1979
Van
L5
1980
Van
L5
1981
Van
L5
1982
Van
L5
1983
Van
L5
1984
Van
L5
1985
Van
L5
1986
Van
L5
1987
Van
L5
1988
Van
L5
1989
Van
L5
1990
Van
L5
1991
Van
L5
1992
Van
L5
1993
Van
L5
1994
Van
L5
1995
Van
L5
1996
Van
L5
1997
17
0.014
20.4
14.6
19.5
16.8
609.0
453.4
528.9
4236
244
160
11.4
0.656
Van
L5
1998
Van
L5
1999
Van
L5
2000
Van
L5
2001
Van
L5
2002
199
0.160
23.0
15.8
22.0
18.7
561.2
399.3
475.1
4625
212
228
9.3
1.075
Van
L5
2003
250
0.203
23.2
15.8
22.1
18.8
561.7
398.2
473.3
4536
208
225
9.2
1.080
Van
L5
2004
448
0.470
24.3
16.3
23.4
19.7
542.4
378.7
451.6
4534
206
228
9.2
1.107
Van
L5
2005
454
0.306
24.4
16.2
23.5
19.7
544.6
376.5
451.1
4564
207
232
9.1
1.121
Van
L5
2006
455
0.390
25.1
16.7
24.1
20.3
531.2
367.5
438.8
4489
209
231
9.1
1.102
Van
L5
2007
403
0.476
24.8
16.6
23.7
20.0
535.8
374.0
444.2
4500
215
249
8.7
1.161
Van
L5
2008
342
0.433
25.5
17.0
24.2
20.5
520.3
366.0
433.9
4454
54.6
211
247
8.8
1.173
Van
L5
2009
186
0.504
25.8
17.2
24.4
20.7
512.3
363.0
429.1
4519
53.9
205
241
8.9
1.170
Van
L5
2010
203
0.363
25.7
17.1
24.5
20.6
517.7
362.5
431.0
4598
53.9
208
242
9.0
1.164
Van
L5
2011
82
0.158
27.4
17.8
27.0
22.1
498.9
328.9
402.2
4502
55.9
214
248
8.7
1.158
Van
L5
2012
145
0.219
28.4
18.5
27.2
22.6
477.2
327.0
393.0
4285
53.6
201
228
9.0
1.132
Van
L5
2013
87
0.152
28.1
18.3
27.1
22.5
483.1
327.3
395.5
4345
54.2
204
234
8.9
1.140
Van
L5
2014
11
0.016
32.0
21.4
27.6
24.5
412.8
320.5
362.1
3521
45.2
155
158
10.3
1.027
Van
L5
2015
9
0.014
32.4
21.6
27.8
24.8
410.9
319.4
358.7
3500
45.0
153
157
10.3
1.029
Van
L5
2016
Van
L5
2017
Van
L5
2018
Van
L6
1975
Van
L6
1976
Van
L6
1977
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-93 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
L5
1977
Van
L5
1978
Van
L5
1979
Van
L5
1980
Van
L5
1981
Van
L5
1982
Van
L5
1983
Van
L5
1984
Van
L5
1985
Van
L5
1986
Van
L5
1987
Van
L5
1988
Van
L5
1989
Van
L5
1990
Van
L5
1991
Van
L5
1992
Van
L5
1993
Van
L5
1994
Van
L5
1995
Van
L5
1996
Van
L5
1997
0.0379
35.6
47.3%
52.7%
100.0%
Van
L5
1998
Van
L5
1999
Van
L5
2000
Van
L5
2001
Van
L5
2002
0.0496
43.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
75.0%
Van
L5
2003
0.0499
42.7
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
79.4%
Van
L5
2004
0.0504
44.7
94.2%
5.8%
100.0%
100.0%
88.1%
Van
L5
2005
0.0511
45.1
94.7%
5.3%
100.0%
100.0%
79.0%
Van
L5
2006
0.0514
45.6
95.4%
4.6%
100.0%
100.0%
88.5%
Van
L5
2007
0.0553
45.1
98.0%
2.0%
100.0%
100.0%
84.9%
Van
L5
2008
0.0554
45.7
96.2%
3.8%
100.0%
100.0%
88.3%
Van
L5
2009
0.0532
46.8
97.0%
3.0%
100.0%
100.0%
89.9%
Van
L5
2010
0.0526
47.4
97.2%
2.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L5
2011
0.0551
49.8
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
99.9%
99.9%
Van
L5
2012
0.0529
48.3
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
99.9%
99.9%
Van
L5
2013
0.0535
48.7
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
99.9%
99.9%
Van
L5
2014
0.0449
43.3
99.3%
0.7%
100.0%
99.3%
99.3%
Van
L5
2015
0.0449
43.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L5
2016
Van
L5
2017
Van
L5
2018
Van
L6
1975
Van
L6
1976
Van
L6
1977
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-94 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
L6
1978
Van
L6
1979
Van
L6
1980
Van
L6
1981
Van
L6
1982
Van
L6
1983
Van
L6
1984
Van
L6
1985
Van
L6
1986
Van
L6
1987
Van
L6
1988
Van
L6
1989
Van
L6
1990
Van
L6
1991
Van
L6
1992
Van
L6
1993
Van
L6
1994
Van
L6
1995
Van
L6
1996
Van
L6
1997
Van
L6
1998
Van
L6
1999
Van
L6
2000
Van
L6
2001
Van
L6
2002
Van
L6
2003
Van
L6
2004
Van
L6
2005
Van
L6
2006
Van
L6
2007
Van
L6
2008
234
0.296
24.1
16.0
23.2
19.5
554.1
382.2
456.6
4570
53.9
229
199
10.0
0.871
Van
L6
2009
101
0.275
24.3
16.1
23.5
19.6
549.7
378.2
452.5
4623
54.5
233
195
9.9
0.839
Van
L6
2010
230
0.412
24.2
16.1
23.4
19.6
552.0
379.6
454.3
4606
54.7
235
208
9.5
0.887
Van
L6
2011
378
0.725
26.2
17.5
24.4
20.9
505.9
363.5
425.8
4531
55.5
214
271
8.0
1.262
Van
L6
2012
433
0.654
26.3
17.5
24.9
21.1
507.0
356.8
422.2
4521
55.2
216
274
8.0
1.267
Van
L6
2013
405
0.709
25.9
17.2
24.7
20.8
515.6
359.9
427.6
4672
55.2
217
277
8.0
1.279
Van
L6
2014
619
0.921
26.8
17.8
25.4
21.5
497.3
349.1
414.2
4490
55.1
213
265
8.1
1.245
Van
L6
2015
582
0.889
26.9
17.9
25.3
21.5
494.5
350.0
414.2
4508
55.3
210
261
8.2
1.243
Van
L6
2016
589
0.936
26.9
17.9
25.4
21.5
494.7
348.2
413.1
4494
55.3
210
261
8.2
1.243
Van
L6
2017
249
0.404
26.3
17.5
25.1
21.1
506.0
351.5
420.7
4481
55.1
209
264
8.2
1.260
Van
L6
2018
-
0.263
26.5
17.7
24.8
21.1
500.5
356.0
420.5
4433
54.8
202
257
8.3
1.266
Van
L7
1975
Van
L7
1976
Van
L7
1977
Van
L7
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-95 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
L6
1978
Van
L6
1979
Van
L6
1980
Van
L6
1981
Van
L6
1982
Van
L6
1983
Van
L6
1984
Van
L6
1985
Van
L6
1986
Van
L6
1987
Van
L6
1988
Van
L6
1989
Van
L6
1990
Van
L6
1991
Van
L6
1992
Van
L6
1993
Van
L6
1994
Van
L6
1995
Van
L6
1996
Van
L6
1997
Van
L6
1998
Van
L6
1999
Van
L6
2000
Van
L6
2001
Van
L6
2002
Van
L6
2003
Van
L6
2004
Van
L6
2005
Van
L6
2006
Van
L6
2007
Van
L6
2008
0.0434
44.6
93.7%
6.3%
100.0%
31.9%
Van
L6
2009
0.0420
45.5
98.8%
1.2%
100.0%
29.7%
5.1%
Van
L6
2010
0.0451
45.2
100.0%
100.0%
21.1%
Van
L6
2011
0.0598
47.3
92.8%
7.0%
0.2%
100.0%
99.8%
100.0%
Van
L6
2012
0.0606
47.6
95.8%
4.0%
0.3%
100.0%
99.7%
100.0%
Van
L6
2013
0.0595
48.6
94.8%
5.0%
0.2%
100.0%
99.8%
100.0%
Van
L6
2014
0.0590
48.2
96.4%
3.4%
0.2%
0.3%
99.7%
99.8%
100.0%
Van
L6
2015
0.0578
48.4
93.4%
5.1%
1.4%
5.5%
94.5%
99.6%
100.0%
Van
L6
2016
0.0580
48.4
96.0%
2.6%
1.5%
9.1%
90.9%
99.9%
100.0%
Van
L6
2017
0.0587
47.4
96.5%
0.4%
3.1%
15.0%
85.0%
99.5%
100.0%
Van
L6
2018
0.0578
46.8
96.4%
3.6%
21.1%
78.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L7
1975
Van
L7
1976
Van
L7
1977
Van
L7
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-96 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
L7
1979
Van
L7
19S0
Van
L7
19S1
Van
L7
19S2
Van
L7
19S3
Van
L7
19S4
Van
L7
19S5
Van
L7
19S6
Van
L7
19S7
Van
L7
19SS
Van
L7
19S9
Van
L7
1990
Van
L7
1991
Van
L7
1992
Van
L7
1993
Van
L7
1994
Van
L7
1995
Van
L7
1996
Van
L7
1997
Van
L7
199S
Van
L7
1999
Van
L7
2000
Van
L7
2001
Van
L7
2002
Van
L7
2003
Van
L7
2004
Van
L7
2005
Van
L7
2006
Van
L7
2007
Van
L7
200S
Van
L7
2009
Van
L7
2010
Van
L7
2011
Van
L7
2012
Van
L7
2013
Van
L7
2014
Van
L7
2015
Van
L7
2016
9
0.014
29.S
20.S
23.S
22.4
427.6
373.4
396.9
4734
57.2
121
20S
9.3
1.712
Van
L7
2017
5
0.009
29.9
20.S
23.9
22.5
426.3
372.0
395.6
4702
57.2
121
20S
9.3
1.712
Van
L7
201S
-
0.016
28.S
19.9
23.6
21.9
445.4
376.0
406.3
4713
57.7
121
20S
9.3
1.712
Van
LS
1975
Van
LS
1976
Van
LS
1977
Van
LS
197S
Van
LS
1979
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-97 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
L7
1979
Van
L7
19S0
Van
L7
19S1
Van
L7
19S2
Van
L7
19S3
Van
L7
19S4
Van
L7
19S5
Van
L7
19S6
Van
L7
19S7
Van
L7
19SS
Van
L7
19S9
Van
L7
1990
Van
L7
1991
Van
L7
1992
Van
L7
1993
Van
L7
1994
Van
L7
1995
Van
L7
1996
Van
L7
1997
Van
L7
199S
Van
L7
1999
Van
L7
2000
Van
L7
2001
Van
L7
2002
Van
L7
2003
Van
L7
2004
Van
L7
2005
Van
L7
2006
Van
L7
2007
Van
L7
200S
Van
L7
2009
Van
L7
2010
Van
L7
2011
Van
L7
2012
Van
L7
2013
Van
L7
2014
Van
L7
2015
Van
L7
2016
0.0441
53.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L7
2017
0.0444
52.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L7
201S
0.0443
51.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
LS
1975
Van
LS
1976
Van
LS
1977
Van
LS
197S
Van
LS
1979
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-98 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
LS
19S0
Van
LS
19S1
Van
LS
19S2
Van
LS
19S3
Van
LS
19S4
Van
LS
19S5
Van
LS
19S6
Van
LS
19S7
Van
LS
19SS
Van
LS
19S9
Van
LS
1990
Van
LS
1991
Van
LS
1992
Van
LS
1993
Van
LS
1994
Van
LS
1995
Van
LS
1996
Van
LS
1997
Van
LS
199S
Van
LS
1999
Van
LS
2000
Van
LS
2001
Van
LS
2002
Van
LS
2003
Van
LS
2004
Van
LS
2005
Van
LS
2006
Van
LS
2007
Van
LS
200S
Van
LS
2009
Van
LS
2010
Van
LS
2011
Van
LS
2012
Van
LS
2013
Van
LS
2014
Van
LS
2015
Van
LS
2016
Van
LS
2017
146
0.237
27.9
18.5
26.3
22.3
479.1
338.0
399.2
4844
56.0
211
295
7.5
1.399
Van
LS
201S
-
0.172
27.9
18.6
26.1
22.2
477.7
340.3
399.8
4852
56.0
211
296
7.5
1.404
Van
L9
1975
Van
L9
1976
Van
L9
1977
Van
L9
197S
Van
L9
1979
Van
L9
19S0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-99 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
LS
19S0
Van
LS
19S1
Van
LS
19S2
Van
LS
19S3
Van
LS
19S4
Van
LS
19S5
Van
LS
19S6
Van
LS
19S7
Van
LS
19SS
Van
LS
19S9
Van
LS
1990
Van
LS
1991
Van
LS
1992
Van
LS
1993
Van
LS
1994
Van
LS
1995
Van
LS
1996
Van
LS
1997
Van
LS
199S
Van
LS
1999
Van
LS
2000
Van
LS
2001
Van
LS
2002
Van
LS
2003
Van
LS
2004
Van
LS
2005
Van
LS
2006
Van
LS
2007
Van
LS
200S
Van
LS
2009
Van
LS
2010
Van
LS
2011
Van
LS
2012
Van
LS
2013
Van
LS
2014
Van
LS
2015
Van
LS
2016
Van
LS
2017
0.0610
53.9
77.9%
22.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
LS
201S
0.0611
53.9
79.0%
21.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L9
1975
Van
L9
1976
Van
L9
1977
Van
L9
197S
Van
L9
1979
Van
L9
19S0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-100 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
L9
1981
Van
L9
1982
Van
L9
1983
Van
L9
1984
Van
L9
1985
Van
L9
1986
Van
L9
1987
Van
L9
1988
Van
L9
1989
Van
L9
1990
Van
L9
1991
Van
L9
1992
Van
L9
1993
Van
L9
1994
Van
L9
1995
Van
L9
1996
Van
L9
1997
Van
L9
1998
Van
L9
1999
Van
L9
2000
Van
L9
2001
Van
L9
2002
Van
L9
2003
Van
L9
2004
Van
L9
2005
Van
L9
2006
Van
L9
2007
Van
L9
2008
Van
L9
2009
Van
L9
2010
Van
L9
2011
Van
L9
2012
Van
L9
2013
Van
L9
2014
Van
L9
2015
10
0.016
31.5
21.0
28.4
24.7
423.9
312.4
360.4
3500
51.1
146
180
8.4
1.229
Van
L9
2016
14
0.022
31.5
21.0
28.4
24.7
423.9
312.4
360.4
3500
51.1
146
180
8.4
1.229
Van
L9
2017
177
0.287
29.3
18.6
28.4
23.1
477.2
312.7
383.9
4409
57.4
213
277
7.2
1.295
Van
L9
2018
-
0.385
29.1
18.9
28.1
23.3
468.7
316.5
382.2
4398
55.5
208
272
7.2
1.304
Van
M3
1975
Van
M3
1976
Van
M3
1977
Van
M3
1978
Van
M3
1979
40
0.083
17.3
14.1
15.7
14.8
620.7
561.2
600.9
4248
264
129
15.4
0.490
Van
M3
1980
29
0.121
19.0
15.1
17.7
16.1
588.3
499.6
550.8
4172
275
126
15.6
0.464
Van
M3
1981
20
0.082
19.9
15.9
18.4
16.9
557.5
481.5
525.5
4166
274
125
15.7
0.461
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-101 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
L9
1981
Van
L9
1982
Van
L9
1983
Van
L9
1984
Van
L9
1985
Van
L9
1986
Van
L9
1987
Van
L9
1988
Van
L9
1989
Van
L9
1990
Van
L9
1991
Van
L9
1992
Van
L9
1993
Van
L9
1994
Van
L9
1995
Van
L9
1996
Van
L9
1997
Van
L9
1998
Van
L9
1999
Van
L9
2000
Van
L9
2001
Van
L9
2002
Van
L9
2003
Van
L9
2004
Van
L9
2005
Van
L9
2006
Van
L9
2007
Van
L9
2008
Van
L9
2009
Van
L9
2010
Van
L9
2011
Van
L9
2012
Van
L9
2013
Van
L9
2014
Van
L9
2015
0.0514
43.2
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L9
2016
0.0514
43.2
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L9
2017
0.0625
51.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
L9
2018
0.0617
51.1
100.0%
61.4%
38.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1975
Van
M3
1976
Van
M3
1977
Van
M3
1978
Van
M3
1979
0.0304
31.6
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1980
0.0304
33.7
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1981
0.0301
35.3
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-102 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
M3
1982
12
0.039
20.1
16.1
18.4
17.1
551.2
481.0
520.8
4178
276
117
17.4
0.428
Van
M3
1983
11
0.029
19.9
15.9
18.4
17.0
555.6
480.8
524.2
4227
279
118
16.0
0.424
Van
M3
1984
14
0.020
20.7
16.6
19.0
17.6
534.1
464.3
505.1
4096
285
118
15.6
0.414
Van
M3
1985
7
0.008
20.8
16.8
18.7
17.6
525.9
474.5
504.3
4034
287
132
14.2
0.465
Van
M3
1986
5
0.004
20.9
16.9
18.7
17.6
525.6
474.2
503.8
4023
281
136
13.3
0.488
Van
M3
1987
1
0.001
20.6
16.4
18.6
17.4
541.0
476.2
511.5
4069
266
161
12.1
0.605
Van
M3
1988
Van
M3
1989
Van
M3
1990
Van
M3
1991
Van
M3
1992
Van
M3
1993
Van
M3
1994
Van
M3
1995
Van
M3
1996
Van
M3
1997
Van
M3
1998
Van
M3
1999
Van
M3
2000
Van
M3
2001
Van
M3
2002
Van
M3
2003
Van
M3
2004
Van
M3
2005
Van
M3
2006
Van
M3
2007
Van
M3
2008
Van
M3
2009
Van
M3
2010
Van
M3
2011
Van
M3
2012
Van
M3
2013
Van
M3
2014
Van
M3
2015
Van
M3
2016
Van
M3
2017
Van
M3
2018
Van
M4
1975
Van
M4
1976
Van
M4
1977
Van
M4
1978
Van
M4
1979
31
0.065
15.0
12.0
13.7
12.7
720.5
624.9
698.1
4224
272
125
16.0
0.470
Van
M4
1980
33
0.139
19.3
15.1
18.6
16.5
588.7
476.1
539.9
3938
207
94
19.0
0.476
Van
M4
1981
34
0.137
19.5
15.5
18.2
16.6
571.1
484.7
534.8
4048
230
99
18.3
0.451
Van
M4
1982
37
0.118
21.1
16.8
19.5
17.9
523.7
460.5
504.1
3928
208
92
20.9
0.463
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-103 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
M3
1982
0.0281
35.6
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1983
0.0279
35.8
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1984
0.0288
36.1
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1985
0.0327
35.6
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1986
0.0337
35.6
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1987
0.0396
35.3
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M3
1988
Van
M3
1989
Van
M3
1990
Van
M3
1991
Van
M3
1992
Van
M3
1993
Van
M3
1994
Van
M3
1995
Van
M3
1996
Van
M3
1997
Van
M3
1998
Van
M3
1999
Van
M3
2000
Van
M3
2001
Van
M3
2002
Van
M3
2003
Van
M3
2004
Van
M3
2005
Van
M3
2006
Van
M3
2007
Van
M3
2008
Van
M3
2009
Van
M3
2010
Van
M3
2011
Van
M3
2012
Van
M3
2013
Van
M3
2014
Van
M3
2015
Van
M3
2016
Van
M3
2017
Van
M3
2018
Van
M4
1975
Van
M4
1976
Van
M4
1977
Van
M4
1978
Van
M4
1979
0.0290
27.2
100.0%
77.9%
22.1%
Van
M4
1980
0.0236
32.5
100.0%
61.3%
38.7%
Van
M4
1981
0.0243
33.8
2.4%
97.6%
72.9%
27.1%
Van
M4
1982
0.0231
35.8
100.0%
63.8%
20.7%
15.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-104 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
M4
1983
35
0.090
20.1
15.8
19.1
17.1
558.7
462.9
519.3
3953
217
98
17.9
0.473
Van
M4
1984
50
0.074
21.3
16.7
20.1
18.1
515.1
430.7
491.0
3774
196
100
16.9
0.559
Van
M4
1985
31
0.036
22.5
17.9
20.9
19.2
486.8
417.5
464.2
3752
180
98
17.0
0.600
Van
M4
1986
17
0.016
21.2
16.7
19.6
17.9
520.8
442.9
495.8
3799
191
102
15.7
0.582
Van
M4
1987
13
0.011
20.0
15.7
18.3
16.9
559.1
481.0
527.4
3903
190
107
15.9
0.601
Van
M4
1988
3
0.003
20.6
16.4
18.5
17.3
540.1
479.6
513.3
3885
172
111
16.0
0.666
Van
M4
1989
3
0.002
21.5
17.2
19.0
18.0
516.7
469.0
495.1
4050
168
107
16.2
0.662
Van
M4
1990
3
0.003
21.8
17.6
18.8
18.1
505.4
472.7
490.3
4000
129
90
16.6
0.698
Van
M4
1991
0
0.000
18.5
15.2
15.4
15.3
585.4
578.1
581.4
4311
129
90
17.8
0.698
Van
M4
1992
Van
M4
1993
Van
M4
1994
Van
M4
1995
Van
M4
1996
Van
M4
1997
Van
M4
1998
Van
M4
1999
Van
M4
2000
Van
M4
2001
Van
M4
2002
Van
M4
2003
Van
M4
2004
Van
M4
2005
Van
M4
2006
Van
M4
2007
Van
M4
2008
Van
M4
2009
Van
M4
2010
Van
M4
2011
Van
M4
2012
Van
M4
2013
Van
M4
2014
Van
M4
2015
Van
M4
2016
Van
M4
2017
Van
M4
2018
Van
M5
1975
Van
M5
1976
Van
M5
1977
Van
M5
1978
Van
M5
1979
Van
M5
1980
Van
M5
1981
Van
M5
1982
Van
M5
1983
0
0.001
33.9
29.8
27.3
28.6
337.7
365.4
355.6
3198
97
49
25.5
0.505
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-105 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
M4
1983
0.0245
34.0
0.3%
99.7%
69.2%
30.1%
0.6%
Van
M4
1984
0.0265
34.4
17.7%
82.3%
68.0%
31.6%
0.4%
Van
M4
1985
0.0263
36.1
10.4%
89.6%
44.1%
55.5%
0.3%
Van
M4
1986
0.0269
34.4
6.5%
93.5%
44.2%
40.4%
15.0%
0.4%
Van
M4
1987
0.0272
33.0
100.0%
17.4%
76.2%
6.3%
0.1%
Van
M4
1988
0.0284
33.7
100.0%
70.3%
29.1%
0.6%
Van
M4
1989
0.0263
36.5
100.0%
73.7%
25.1%
1.2%
Van
M4
1990
0.0225
36.3
6.6%
93.4%
100.0%
Van
M4
1991
0.0209
32.9
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M4
1992
Van
M4
1993
Van
M4
1994
Van
M4
1995
Van
M4
1996
Van
M4
1997
Van
M4
1998
Van
M4
1999
Van
M4
2000
Van
M4
2001
Van
M4
2002
Van
M4
2003
Van
M4
2004
Van
M4
2005
Van
M4
2006
Van
M4
2007
Van
M4
2008
Van
M4
2009
Van
M4
2010
Van
M4
2011
Van
M4
2012
Van
M4
2013
Van
M4
2014
Van
M4
2015
Van
M4
2016
Van
M4
2017
Van
M4
2018
Van
M5
1975
Van
M5
1976
Van
M5
1977
Van
M5
1978
Van
M5
1979
Van
M5
1980
Van
M5
1981
Van
M5
1982
Van
M5
1983
0.0160
45.5
24.2%
75.8%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-106 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
M5
1984
41
0.061
27.8
21.6
26.7
23.7
409.4
331.1
376.4
3370
130
89
16.7
0.689
Van
M5
1985
47
0.055
27.4
21.3
26.5
23.3
415.8
334.1
380.7
3301
128
95
15.6
0.743
Van
M5
1986
68
0.065
26.0
20.1
24.9
22.1
437.0
353.1
405.2
3377
143
101
14.6
0.708
Van
M5
1987
58
0.052
25.5
19.5
24.7
21.6
450.3
355.8
411.3
3408
147
108
14.4
0.738
Van
M5
1988
39
0.035
24.6
18.5
24.3
20.8
471.9
360.8
426.9
3607
167
116
14.2
0.714
Van
M5
1989
35
0.027
24.1
18.0
23.7
20.4
485.8
369.8
436.6
3673
170
120
13.5
0.724
Van
M5
1990
19
0.015
25.2
18.8
24.4
21.2
464.8
359.7
420.0
3584
159
123
12.3
0.777
Van
M5
1991
14
0.013
23.8
17.8
22.6
19.9
497.2
390.2
447.1
3719
146
117
13.3
0.802
Van
M5
1992
20
0.016
26.3
19.4
25.0
21.9
452.8
351.8
406.7
3407
141
118
12.1
0.854
Van
M5
1993
17
0.012
24.4
17.6
24.1
20.4
498.0
359.7
436.2
3723
156
118
11.8
0.762
Van
M5
1994
7
0.005
25.9
18.7
25.1
21.4
469.1
352.6
414.4
3542
154
115
11.7
0.755
Van
M5
1995
2
0.001
23.9
17.9
21.5
19.6
478.4
396.8
453.5
3942
138
119
12.8
0.874
Van
M5
1996
0
0.000
28.3
20.9
25.5
23.0
423.4
346.2
386.0
3210
133
127
11.2
0.955
Van
M5
1997
Van
M5
1998
Van
M5
1999
Van
M5
2000
Van
M5
2001
Van
M5
2002
Van
M5
2003
Van
M5
2004
Van
M5
2005
Van
M5
2006
Van
M5
2007
Van
M5
2008
1
0.001
31.6
21.5
28.0
24.8
413.3
317.5
358.7
3500
45.3
140
153
10.1
1.093
Van
M5
2009
1
0.003
31.6
21.5
28.0
24.8
413.3
318.0
358.9
3500
45.3
140
153
9.9
1.093
Van
M5
2010
1
0.002
31.6
21.5
28.0
24.8
413.3
317.5
358.7
3500
45.1
140
153
10.0
1.093
Van
M5
2011
Van
M5
2012
Van
M5
2013
Van
M5
2014
Van
M5
2015
Van
M5
2016
Van
M5
2017
Van
M5
2018
Van
M6
1975
Van
M6
1976
Van
M6
1977
Van
M6
1978
Van
M6
1979
Van
M6
1980
Van
M6
1981
Van
M6
1982
Van
M6
1983
Van
M6
1984
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-107 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
M5
1984
0.0266
39.9
70.9%
29.1%
68.9%
29.1%
1.9%
Van
M5
1985
0.0290
38.5
61.6%
6.3%
32.1%
67.9%
32.0%
0.1%
Van
M5
1986
0.0300
37.3
31.1%
19.7%
49.2%
59.6%
33.1%
4.4%
2.9%
Van
M5
1987
0.0316
36.9
29.3%
24.5%
46.1%
39.8%
47.5%
12.7%
Van
M5
1988
0.0321
37.7
31.8%
20.3%
47.8%
63.1%
36.9%
Van
M5
1989
0.0326
37.5
32.2%
15.7%
52.1%
68.7%
31.3%
Van
M5
1990
0.0344
38.2
56.8%
12.7%
30.5%
64.9%
35.1%
Van
M5
1991
0.0314
36.9
6.4%
35.6%
58.1%
99.0%
1.0%
Van
M5
1992
0.0347
37.2
67.5%
11.3%
21.2%
78.6%
21.4%
Van
M5
1993
0.0318
38.1
66.5%
0.6%
32.9%
66.0%
34.0%
Van
M5
1994
0.0325
38.0
68.5%
7.0%
24.5%
48.1%
51.9%
16.8%
Van
M5
1995
0.0321
38.4
67.2%
32.8%
100.0%
59.0%
Van
M5
1996
0.0395
37.0
58.1%
41.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M5
1997
Van
M5
1998
Van
M5
1999
Van
M5
2000
Van
M5
2001
Van
M5
2002
Van
M5
2003
Van
M5
2004
Van
M5
2005
Van
M5
2006
Van
M5
2007
Van
M5
2008
0.0437
43.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M5
2009
0.0437
43.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M5
2010
0.0437
43.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M5
2011
Van
M5
2012
Van
M5
2013
Van
M5
2014
Van
M5
2015
Van
M5
2016
Van
M5
2017
Van
M5
2018
Van
M6
1975
Van
M6
1976
Van
M6
1977
Van
M6
1978
Van
M6
1979
Van
M6
1980
Van
M6
1981
Van
M6
1982
Van
M6
1983
Van
M6
1984
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-108 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
M6
1985
Van
M6
1986
Van
M6
1987
Van
M6
1988
Van
M6
1989
Van
M6
1990
Van
M6
1991
Van
M6
1992
Van
M6
1993
Van
M6
1994
Van
M6
1995
Van
M6
1996
Van
M6
1997
Van
M6
1998
Van
M6
1999
Van
M6
2000
Van
M6
2001
Van
M6
2002
Van
M6
2003
Van
M6
2004
Van
M6
2005
Van
M6
2006
Van
M6
2007
Van
M6
2008
Van
M6
2009
Van
M6
2010
Van
M6
2011
Van
M6
2012
l
0.002
31.9
21.3
28.4
24.8
418.2
312.9
358.2
3500
45.0
153
157
9.5
1.029
Van
M6
2013
l
0.001
31.9
21.3
28.4
24.8
418.2
312.7
358.0
3500
45.0
153
157
9.5
1.029
Van
M6
2014
0
0.001
31.9
21.3
28.4
24.8
418.2
312.7
358.0
3500
45.0
153
157
9.5
1.029
Van
M6
2015
Van
M6
2016
Van
M6
2017
Van
M6
2018
Van
OT
1975
Van
OT
1976
Van
OT
1977
Van
OT
1978
Van
OT
1979
Van
OT
1980
Van
OT
1981
Van
OT
1982
Van
OT
1983
Van
OT
1984
0
0.000
32.4
25.9
30.0
27.6
343.5
296.3
322.2
2750
122
88
16.4
0.721
Van
OT
1985
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-109 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
M6
1985
Van
M6
1986
Van
M6
1987
Van
M6
1988
Van
M6
1989
Van
M6
1990
Van
M6
1991
Van
M6
1992
Van
M6
1993
Van
M6
1994
Van
M6
1995
Van
M6
1996
Van
M6
1997
Van
M6
1998
Van
M6
1999
Van
M6
2000
Van
M6
2001
Van
M6
2002
Van
M6
2003
Van
M6
2004
Van
M6
2005
Van
M6
2006
Van
M6
2007
Van
M6
2008
Van
M6
2009
Van
M6
2010
Van
M6
2011
Van
M6
2012
0.0449
43.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M6
2013
0.0449
43.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M6
2014
0.0449
43.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
M6
2015
Van
M6
2016
Van
M6
2017
Van
M6
2018
Van
OT
1975
Van
OT
1976
Van
OT
1977
Van
OT
1978
Van
OT
1979
Van
OT
1980
Van
OT
1981
Van
OT
1982
Van
OT
1983
Van
OT
1984
0.0320
37.9
100.0%
100.0%
Van
OT
1985
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-110 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Van
OT
1986
Van
OT
1987
2
0.002
18.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
576.0
577.3
576.4
4000
129
90
19.0
0.698
Van
OT
1988
Van
OT
1989
0
0.000
18.6
15.3
15.5
15.4
579.3
572.4
575.7
4500
129
90
19.8
0.698
Van
OT
1990
0
0.000
18.5
15.3
15.3
15.3
582.3
579.4
580.5
4500
129
90
18.2
0.698
Van
OT
1991
Van
OT
1992
Van
OT
1993
Van
OT
1994
Van
OT
1995
Van
OT
1996
Van
OT
1997
Van
OT
1998
Van
OT
1999
Van
OT
2000
Van
OT
2001
Van
OT
2002
Van
OT
2003
Van
OT
2004
Van
OT
2005
Van
OT
2006
Van
OT
2007
Van
OT
2008
Van
OT
2009
Van
OT
2010
Van
OT
2011
Van
OT
2012
Van
OT
2013
Van
OT
2014
Van
OT
2015
Van
OT
2016
Van
OT
2017
3
0.005
106.1
109.7
52.1
67.3
81.0
170.6
132.1
5000
58.0
220
220
7.5
1.001
Van
OT
2018
-
0.032
78.7
62.5
41.5
48.5
65.1
172.4
126.3
5000
58.0
220
220
7.5
1.001
Truck SUV
A3
1975
Truck SUV
A3
1976
Truck SUV
A3
1977
Truck SUV
A3
1978
Truck SUV
A3
1979
256
0.665
11.5
9.6
10.0
9.8
919.9
877.0
911.3
4899
358
151
15.3
0.423
Truck SUV
A3
1980
56
0.303
13.7
11.1
12.4
11.6
792.7
711.4
765.0
4497
327
141
15.7
0.429
Truck SUV
A3
1981
24
0.179
14.2
11.5
12.8
12.1
767.1
688.5
737.0
4743
326
142
15.9
0.439
Truck SUV
A3
1982
35
0.231
14.1
11.5
12.6
12.0
767.7
698.0
740.3
4710
323
143
16.8
0.446
Truck SUV
A3
1983
35
0.136
14.6
11.8
13.3
12.4
750.1
660.3
716.3
4701
322
140
15.6
0.438
Truck SUV
A3
1984
164
0.289
16.3
13.0
15.0
13.8
650.5
568.1
642.3
4176
261
129
15.8
0.519
Truck SUV
A3
1985
88
0.136
14.2
11.4
13.0
12.0
774.8
682.1
738.6
4717
337
165
13.8
0.492
Truck SUV
A3
1986
53
0.075
14.5
11.5
13.3
12.3
756.7
660.5
722.6
4653
337
158
13.6
0.469
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-lll March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
OT
1986
Van
OT
1987
0.0225
30.8
100.0%
100.0%
Van
OT
1988
Van
OT
1989
0.0200
34.7
100.0%
100.0%
Van
OT
1990
0.0200
34.4
100.0%
100.0%
Van
OT
1991
Van
OT
1992
Van
OT
1993
Van
OT
1994
Van
OT
1995
Van
OT
1996
Van
OT
1997
Van
OT
1998
Van
OT
1999
Van
OT
2000
Van
OT
2001
Van
OT
2002
Van
OT
2003
Van
OT
2004
Van
OT
2005
Van
OT
2006
Van
OT
2007
Van
OT
2008
Van
OT
2009
Van
OT
2010
Van
OT
2011
Van
OT
2012
Van
OT
2013
Van
OT
2014
Van
OT
2015
Van
OT
2016
Van
OT
2017
0.0440
168.2
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
OT
2018
0.0440
121.2
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1975
Truck SUV
A3
1976
Truck SUV
A3
1977
Truck SUV
A3
1978
Truck SUV
A3
1979
0.0310
23.9
66.0%
34.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1980
0.0312
26.2
99.7%
0.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1981
0.0301
28.6
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1982
0.0305
28.3
95.5%
4.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1983
0.0299
29.3
96.8%
3.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1984
0.0307
29.3
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1985
0.0349
28.5
81.2%
18.8%
99.6%
0.4%
Truck SUV
A3
1986
0.0338
28.7
91.9%
8.1%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-112 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
A3
1987
58
0.075
14.6
11.5
13.3
12.3
751.2
658.0
722.9
4604
327
152
14.0
0.464
Truck SUV
A3
1988
61
0.071
14.9
11.7
13.7
12.6
752.0
641.7
707.9
4649
331
161
13.8
0.484
Truck SUV
A3
1989
60
0.073
14.5
11.4
13.2
12.2
766.1
667.1
729.1
4610
330
162
13.2
0.488
Truck SUV
A3
1990
14
0.022
15.9
12.4
14.3
13.3
692.6
612.7
669.2
3991
307
128
13.3
0.418
Truck SUV
A3
1991
11
0.012
16.4
12.8
14.8
13.7
680.7
588.4
648.6
3847
283
168
11.1
0.625
Truck SUV
A3
1992
6
0.008
16.2
13.0
13.7
13.3
685.7
647.7
666.6
3500
242
190
9.5
0.785
Truck SUV
A3
1993
8
0.009
18.0
14.2
15.6
14.8
627.1
571.2
598.8
3500
242
190
8.9
0.785
Truck SUV
A3
1994
Truck SUV
A3
1995
Truck SUV
A3
1996
Truck SUV
A3
1997
Truck SUV
A3
1998
Truck SUV
A3
1999
Truck SUV
A3
2000
Truck SUV
A3
2001
Truck SUV
A3
2002
Truck SUV
A3
2003
Truck SUV
A3
2004
Truck SUV
A3
2005
Truck SUV
A3
2006
Truck SUV
A3
2007
Truck SUV
A3
2008
Truck SUV
A3
2009
Truck SUV
A3
2010
Truck SUV
A3
2011
Truck SUV
A3
2012
Truck SUV
A3
2013
Truck SUV
A3
2014
Truck SUV
A3
2015
Truck SUV
A3
2016
Truck SUV
A3
2017
Truck SUV
A3
2018
Truck SUV
A4
1975
Truck SUV
A4
1976
Truck SUV
A4
1977
Truck SUV
A4
1978
Truck SUV
A4
1979
Truck SUV
A4
1980
Truck SUV
A4
1981
Truck SUV
A4
1982
Truck SUV
A4
1983
Truck SUV
A4
1984
Truck SUV
A4
1985
Truck SUV
A4
1986
Truck SUV
A4
1987
15
0.019
21.0
17.4
18.0
17.7
511.6
492.4
502.6
3500
156
109
15.2
0.699
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-113 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
A3
1987
0.0330
28.5
93.2%
6.8%
88.1%
11.9%
Truck SUV
A3
1988
0.0344
29.3
95.6%
4.4%
43.1%
39.8%
17.1%
Truck SUV
A3
1989
0.0350
28.1
94.7%
5.3%
37.9%
36.8%
25.3%
Truck SUV
A3
1990
0.0320
26.6
100.0%
99.3%
0.7%
Truck SUV
A3
1991
0.0447
26.4
100.0%
34.7%
65.3%
Truck SUV
A3
1992
0.0543
23.3
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1993
0.0543
26.0
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A3
1994
Truck SUV
A3
1995
Truck SUV
A3
1996
Truck SUV
A3
1997
Truck SUV
A3
1998
Truck SUV
A3
1999
Truck SUV
A3
2000
Truck SUV
A3
2001
Truck SUV
A3
2002
Truck SUV
A3
2003
Truck SUV
A3
2004
Truck SUV
A3
2005
Truck SUV
A3
2006
Truck SUV
A3
2007
Truck SUV
A3
2008
Truck SUV
A3
2009
Truck SUV
A3
2010
Truck SUV
A3
2011
Truck SUV
A3
2012
Truck SUV
A3
2013
Truck SUV
A3
2014
Truck SUV
A3
2015
Truck SUV
A3
2016
Truck SUV
A3
2017
Truck SUV
A3
2018
Truck SUV
A4
1975
Truck SUV
A4
1976
Truck SUV
A4
1977
Truck SUV
A4
1978
Truck SUV
A4
1979
Truck SUV
A4
1980
Truck SUV
A4
1981
Truck SUV
A4
1982
Truck SUV
A4
1983
Truck SUV
A4
1984
Truck SUV
A4
1985
Truck SUV
A4
1986
Truck SUV
A4
1987
0.0311
30.9
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-114 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
A4
1988
7
0.009
20.1
16.5
17.1
16.8
537.7
519.6
529.2
3500
156
109
15.4
0.699
Truck SUV
A4
1989
9
0.011
19.4
15.8
16.5
16.1
563.6
537.3
550.8
4000
181
143
13.2
0.790
Truck SUV
A4
1990
12
0.019
15.0
11.5
14.1
12.6
768.0
628.7
704.2
4800
328
175
11.5
0.533
Truck SUV
A4
1991
4
0.005
15.4
11.8
14.2
12.9
749.2
622.4
689.7
4804
326
174
11.7
0.533
Truck SUV
A4
1992
0
0.001
13.0
10.0
11.9
10.9
887.0
744.8
816.9
5000
357
193
10.9
0.541
Truck SUV
A4
1993
Truck SUV
A4
1994
Truck SUV
A4
1995
Truck SUV
A4
1996
Truck SUV
A4
1997
Truck SUV
A4
1998
Truck SUV
A4
1999
Truck SUV
A4
2000
Truck SUV
A4
2001
Truck SUV
A4
2002
Truck SUV
A4
2003
Truck SUV
A4
2004
Truck SUV
A4
2005
Truck SUV
A4
2006
Truck SUV
A4
2007
Truck SUV
A4
2008
Truck SUV
A4
2009
Truck SUV
A4
2010
Truck SUV
A4
2011
Truck SUV
A4
2012
Truck SUV
A4
2013
Truck SUV
A4
2014
Truck SUV
A4
2015
Truck SUV
A4
2016
Truck SUV
A4
2017
Truck SUV
A4
2018
Truck SUV
A6
1975
Truck SUV
A6
1976
Truck SUV
A6
1977
Truck SUV
A6
1978
Truck SUV
A6
1979
Truck SUV
A6
1980
Truck SUV
A6
1981
Truck SUV
A6
1982
Truck SUV
A6
1983
Truck SUV
A6
1984
Truck SUV
A6
1985
Truck SUV
A6
1986
Truck SUV
A6
1987
Truck SUV
A6
1988
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-115 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
A4
1988
0.0311
29.4
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A4
1989
0.0358
32.3
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A4
1990
0.0365
30.3
60.0%
40.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A4
1991
0.0362
31.0
60.8%
39.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A4
1992
0.0386
27.2
91.2%
8.8%
6.9%
93.1%
Truck SUV
A4
1993
Truck SUV
A4
1994
Truck SUV
A4
1995
Truck SUV
A4
1996
Truck SUV
A4
1997
Truck SUV
A4
1998
Truck SUV
A4
1999
Truck SUV
A4
2000
Truck SUV
A4
2001
Truck SUV
A4
2002
Truck SUV
A4
2003
Truck SUV
A4
2004
Truck SUV
A4
2005
Truck SUV
A4
2006
Truck SUV
A4
2007
Truck SUV
A4
2008
Truck SUV
A4
2009
Truck SUV
A4
2010
Truck SUV
A4
2011
Truck SUV
A4
2012
Truck SUV
A4
2013
Truck SUV
A4
2014
Truck SUV
A4
2015
Truck SUV
A4
2016
Truck SUV
A4
2017
Truck SUV
A4
2018
Truck SUV
A6
1975
Truck SUV
A6
1976
Truck SUV
A6
1977
Truck SUV
A6
1978
Truck SUV
A6
1979
Truck SUV
A6
1980
Truck SUV
A6
1981
Truck SUV
A6
1982
Truck SUV
A6
1983
Truck SUV
A6
1984
Truck SUV
A6
1985
Truck SUV
A6
1986
Truck SUV
A6
1987
Truck SUV
A6
1988
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-116 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
A6
1989
Truck SUV
A6
1990
Truck SUV
A6
1991
Truck SUV
A6
1992
Truck SUV
A6
1993
Truck SUV
A6
1994
Truck SUV
A6
1995
Truck SUV
A6
1996
Truck SUV
A6
1997
Truck SUV
A6
1998
Truck SUV
A6
1999
Truck SUV
A6
2000
Truck SUV
A6
2001
Truck SUV
A6
2002
Truck SUV
A6
2003
Truck SUV
A6
2004
Truck SUV
A6
2005
Truck SUV
A6
2006
Truck SUV
A6
2007
Truck SUV
A6
2008
Truck SUV
A6
2009
Truck SUV
A6
2010
17
0.007
26.6
18.1
24.2
21.1
490.8
367.0
420.2
4000
44.1
121
200
8.7
1.653
Truck SUV
A6
2011
Truck SUV
A6
2012
Truck SUV
A6
2013
Truck SUV
A6
2014
Truck SUV
A6
2015
Truck SUV
A6
2016
Truck SUV
A6
2017
Truck SUV
A6
2018
Truck SUV
A7
1975
Truck SUV
A7
1976
Truck SUV
A7
1977
Truck SUV
A7
1978
Truck SUV
A7
1979
Truck SUV
A7
1980
Truck SUV
A7
1981
Truck SUV
A7
1982
Truck SUV
A7
1983
Truck SUV
A7
1984
Truck SUV
A7
1985
Truck SUV
A7
1986
Truck SUV
A7
1987
Truck SUV
A7
1988
Truck SUV
A7
1989
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-117 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
A6
1989
Truck SUV
A6
1990
Truck SUV
A6
1991
Truck SUV
A6
1992
Truck SUV
A6
1993
Truck SUV
A6
1994
Truck SUV
A6
1995
Truck SUV
A6
1996
Truck SUV
A6
1997
Truck SUV
A6
1998
Truck SUV
A6
1999
Truck SUV
A6
2000
Truck SUV
A6
2001
Truck SUV
A6
2002
Truck SUV
A6
2003
Truck SUV
A6
2004
Truck SUV
A6
2005
Truck SUV
A6
2006
Truck SUV
A6
2007
Truck SUV
A6
2008
Truck SUV
A6
2009
Truck SUV
A6
2010
0.0500
42.3
54.5%
45.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A6
2011
Truck SUV
A6
2012
Truck SUV
A6
2013
Truck SUV
A6
2014
Truck SUV
A6
2015
Truck SUV
A6
2016
Truck SUV
A6
2017
Truck SUV
A6
2018
Truck SUV
A7
1975
Truck SUV
A7
1976
Truck SUV
A7
1977
Truck SUV
A7
1978
Truck SUV
A7
1979
Truck SUV
A7
1980
Truck SUV
A7
1981
Truck SUV
A7
1982
Truck SUV
A7
1983
Truck SUV
A7
1984
Truck SUV
A7
1985
Truck SUV
A7
1986
Truck SUV
A7
1987
Truck SUV
A7
1988
Truck SUV
A7
1989
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-118 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
A7
1990
Truck SUV
A7
1991
Truck SUV
A7
1992
Truck SUV
A7
1993
Truck SUV
A7
1994
Truck SUV
A7
1995
Truck SUV
A7
1996
Truck SUV
A7
1997
Truck SUV
A7
1998
Truck SUV
A7
1999
Truck SUV
A7
2000
Truck SUV
A7
2001
Truck SUV
A7
2002
Truck SUV
A7
2003
Truck SUV
A7
2004
Truck SUV
A7
2005
Truck SUV
A7
2006
Truck SUV
A7
2007
Truck SUV
A7
2008
Truck SUV
A7
2009
Truck SUV
A7
2010
0
0.000
23.1
16.6
19.4
18.1
535.3
457.9
491.2
6000
52.9
269
400
5.4
1.487
Truck SUV
A7
2011
0
0.000
23.2
16.8
19.4
18.2
529.9
457.8
488.8
6000
52.9
269
400
5.5
1.487
Truck SUV
A7
2012
Truck SUV
A7
2013
Truck SUV
A7
2014
Truck SUV
A7
2015
14
0.003
25.0
17.1
22.8
19.9
520.9
389.5
446.1
4500
50.0
191
354
6.2
1.849
Truck SUV
A7
2016
11
0.002
25.0
17.1
22.8
19.9
519.9
390.0
445.9
4500
50.0
189
350
6.3
1.851
Truck SUV
A7
2017
28
0.005
26.6
18.2
23.9
21.0
485.4
370.7
422.2
4500
50.0
161
313
6.9
1.960
Truck SUV
A7
2018
-
0.005
28.9
19.9
25.3
22.7
430.1
344.4
392.2
4194
48.1
147
279
7.3
1.893
Truck SUV
CVT
1975
Truck SUV
CVT
1976
Truck SUV
CVT
1977
Truck SUV
CVT
1978
Truck SUV
CVT
1979
Truck SUV
CVT
1980
Truck SUV
CVT
1981
Truck SUV
CVT
1982
Truck SUV
CVT
1983
Truck SUV
CVT
1984
Truck SUV
CVT
1985
Truck SUV
CVT
1986
Truck SUV
CVT
1987
Truck SUV
CVT
1988
Truck SUV
CVT
1989
Truck SUV
CVT
1990
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-119 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
A7
1990
Truck SUV
A7
1991
Truck SUV
A7
1992
Truck SUV
A7
1993
Truck SUV
A7
1994
Truck SUV
A7
1995
Truck SUV
A7
1996
Truck SUV
A7
1997
Truck SUV
A7
1998
Truck SUV
A7
1999
Truck SUV
A7
2000
Truck SUV
A7
2001
Truck SUV
A7
2002
Truck SUV
A7
2003
Truck SUV
A7
2004
Truck SUV
A7
2005
Truck SUV
A7
2006
Truck SUV
A7
2007
Truck SUV
A7
2008
Truck SUV
A7
2009
Truck SUV
A7
2010
0.0667
54.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A7
2011
0.0667
54.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A7
2012
Truck SUV
A7
2013
Truck SUV
A7
2014
Truck SUV
A7
2015
0.0786
44.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A7
2016
0.0778
44.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A7
2017
0.0696
47.6
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
A7
2018
0.0654
47.9
15.7%
84.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
CVT
1975
Truck SUV
CVT
1976
Truck SUV
CVT
1977
Truck SUV
CVT
1978
Truck SUV
CVT
1979
Truck SUV
CVT
1980
Truck SUV
CVT
1981
Truck SUV
CVT
1982
Truck SUV
CVT
1983
Truck SUV
CVT
1984
Truck SUV
CVT
1985
Truck SUV
CVT
1986
Truck SUV
CVT
1987
Truck SUV
CVT
1988
Truck SUV
CVT
1989
Truck SUV
CVT
1990
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-120 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
CVT
1991
Truck SUV
CVT
1992
Truck SUV
CVT
1993
Truck SUV
CVT
1994
Truck SUV
CVT
1995
Truck SUV
CVT
1996
Truck SUV
CVT
1997
Truck SUV
CVT
1998
Truck SUV
CVT
1999
Truck SUV
CVT
2000
Truck SUV
CVT
2001
Truck SUV
CVT
2002
2
0.000
26.0
18.4
23.2
20.8
483.8
382.5
427.8
3500
134
140
10.7
1.045
Truck SUV
CVT
2003
46
0.013
26.0
18.3
23.0
20.6
486.3
386.6
430.6
3836
187
211
8.7
1.116
Truck SUV
CVT
2004
42
0.010
25.8
18.0
22.9
20.5
494.0
388.0
434.5
3932
203
231
8.2
1.131
Truck SUV
CVT
2005
49
0.015
26.7
18.7
23.1
21.0
464.3
383.8
424.0
3982
201
227
8.4
1.117
Truck SUV
CVT
2006
139
0.046
30.9
22.8
24.1
23.5
372.9
367.3
377.6
4394
200
214
7.8
1.063
Truck SUV
CVT
2007
192
0.058
28.7
20.6
23.7
22.2
420.5
374.2
399.8
3987
180
200
8.7
1.113
Truck SUV
CVT
2008
204
0.067
31.4
22.8
24.9
24.0
384.3
355.8
371.0
4028
45.0
167
182
9.2
1.105
Truck SUV
CVT
2009
183
0.107
28.4
20.1
23.9
22.1
434.7
370.4
402.4
4093
46.5
183
210
8.8
1.153
Truck SUV
CVT
2010
244
0.106
30.4
21.4
25.6
23.6
407.8
344.9
376.4
4007
45.6
167
193
9.1
1.156
Truck SUV
CVT
2011
350
0.114
31.0
21.4
26.5
24.0
412.5
334.5
370.2
3897
45.2
158
182
9.5
1.149
Truck SUV
CVT
2012
276
0.099
30.7
21.1
26.3
23.8
416.5
337.1
373.6
3946
45.5
162
188
9.4
1.154
Truck SUV
CVT
2013
459
0.139
31.4
21.6
26.9
24.3
406.9
328.1
365.9
4060
47.1
171
200
9.2
1.165
Truck SUV
CVT
2014
622
0.168
33.2
22.6
28.6
25.6
388.9
307.8
346.6
3930
46.5
164
194
9.2
1.187
Truck SUV
CVT
2015
1040
0.221
35.6
23.9
30.3
27.2
367.9
292.0
327.0
3898
45.9
158
188
9.4
1.191
Truck SUV
CVT
2016
1022
0.216
36.3
24.6
30.6
27.7
358.3
289.1
320.9
3885
45.5
154
185
9.3
1.209
Truck SUV
CVT
2017
1159
0.215
36.3
24.7
31.3
28.1
353.8
282.0
316.5
3894
46.4
152
190
9.1
1.298
Truck SUV
CVT
2018
-
0.191
36.9
25.1
30.8
28.1
348.1
286.9
316.6
3872
46.2
147
186
9.1
1.324
Truck SUV
L10
1975
Truck SUV
L10
1976
Truck SUV
L10
1977
Truck SUV
L10
1978
Truck SUV
L10
1979
Truck SUV
L10
1980
Truck SUV
L10
1981
Truck SUV
L10
1982
Truck SUV
L10
1983
Truck SUV
L10
1984
Truck SUV
L10
1985
Truck SUV
L10
1986
Truck SUV
L10
1987
Truck SUV
L10
1988
Truck SUV
L10
1989
Truck SUV
L10
1990
Truck SUV
L10
1991
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-121 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
CVT
1991
Truck SUV
CVT
1992
Truck SUV
CVT
1993
Truck SUV
CVT
1994
Truck SUV
CVT
1995
Truck SUV
CVT
1996
Truck SUV
CVT
1997
Truck SUV
CVT
1998
Truck SUV
CVT
1999
Truck SUV
CVT
2000
Truck SUV
CVT
2001
Truck SUV
CVT
2002
0.0400
36.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
CVT
2003
0.0543
39.6
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
67.2%
Truck SUV
CVT
2004
0.0583
40.2
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
86.3%
Truck SUV
CVT
2005
0.0568
42.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
83.1%
13.3%
Truck SUV
CVT
2006
0.0487
52.5
14.6%
85.4%
100.0%
100.0%
91.0%
66.2%
Truck SUV
CVT
2007
0.0501
44.8
25.5%
74.5%
100.0%
100.0%
96.2%
24.3%
Truck SUV
CVT
2008
0.0451
48.6
25.5%
72.7%
1.8%
100.0%
96.1%
88.8%
35.8%
Truck SUV
CVT
2009
0.0510
45.5
13.6%
85.0%
1.4%
0.1%
99.9%
96.6%
99.4%
13.7%
Truck SUV
CVT
2010
0.0480
47.8
12.9%
86.8%
0.3%
100.0%
99.5%
99.9%
13.8%
Truck SUV
CVT
2011
0.0465
46.9
12.5%
87.3%
0.2%
100.0%
99.4%
100.0%
4.8%
Truck SUV
CVT
2012
0.0474
47.2
1.0%
98.8%
0.1%
100.0%
99.5%
100.0%
5.7%
Truck SUV
CVT
2013
0.0488
49.6
11.4%
88.6%
0.1%
100.0%
99.7%
100.0%
4.5%
Truck SUV
CVT
2014
0.0490
50.5
10.5%
89.5%
1.7%
98.3%
100.0%
100.0%
3.4%
Truck SUV
CVT
2015
0.0480
53.1
6.6%
93.4%
24.5%
75.5%
100.0%
100.0%
2.0%
Truck SUV
CVT
2016
0.0477
53.9
5.0%
95.0%
27.4%
72.6%
100.0%
100.0%
5.3%
Truck SUV
CVT
2017
0.0485
54.9
7.1%
92.9%
31.0%
69.0%
100.0%
100.0%
7.2%
Truck SUV
CVT
2018
0.0479
54.6
6.0%
94.0%
41.4%
58.6%
100.0%
100.0%
10.0%
Truck SUV
L10
1975
Truck SUV
L10
1976
Truck SUV
L10
1977
Truck SUV
L10
1978
Truck SUV
L10
1979
Truck SUV
L10
1980
Truck SUV
L10
1981
Truck SUV
L10
1982
Truck SUV
L10
1983
Truck SUV
L10
1984
Truck SUV
L10
1985
Truck SUV
L10
1986
Truck SUV
L10
1987
Truck SUV
L10
1988
Truck SUV
L10
1989
Truck SUV
L10
1990
Truck SUV
L10
1991
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-122 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
L10
1992
Truck SUV
L10
1993
Truck SUV
L10
1994
Truck SUV
L10
1995
Truck SUV
L10
1996
Truck SUV
L10
1997
Truck SUV
L10
1998
Truck SUV
L10
1999
Truck SUV
L10
2000
Truck SUV
L10
2001
Truck SUV
L10
2002
Truck SUV
L10
2003
Truck SUV
L10
2004
Truck SUV
L10
2005
Truck SUV
L10
2006
Truck SUV
L10
2007
Truck SUV
L10
2008
Truck SUV
L10
2009
Truck SUV
L10
2010
Truck SUV
L10
2011
Truck SUV
L10
2012
Truck SUV
L10
2013
Truck SUV
L10
2014
Truck SUV
L10
2015
Truck SUV
L10
2016
Truck SUV
L10
2017
Truck SUV
L10
2018
-
0.031
23.0
15.4
21.9
18.5
574.0
404.7
479.9
6176
57.8
291
404
6.3
1.487
Truck SUV
L3
1975
Truck SUV
L3
1976
Truck SUV
L3
1977
Truck SUV
L3
1978
Truck SUV
L3
1979
2
0.004
12.1
10.0
10.6
10.3
885.6
837.8
864.1
5000
360
160
14.5
0.444
Truck SUV
L3
1980
48
0.261
14.4
11.4
13.4
12.2
775.4
663.4
726.6
5049
343
161
15.1
0.470
Truck SUV
L3
1981
56
0.411
16.0
12.7
14.9
13.6
696.1
590.5
653.7
4661
318
149
15.3
0.468
Truck SUV
L3
1982
24
0.163
16.6
13.1
15.7
14.1
664.8
558.5
629.4
4311
317
136
16.7
0.432
Truck SUV
L3
1983
26
0.101
15.7
12.5
14.6
13.4
691.1
594.7
665.4
4281
330
135
15.2
0.410
Truck SUV
L3
1984
51
0.090
20.8
17.0
18.7
17.7
522.7
474.1
502.1
3364
175
104
16.4
0.607
Truck SUV
L3
1985
60
0.093
20.5
16.5
18.7
17.4
536.1
474.1
509.8
3465
166
105
16.5
0.630
Truck SUV
L3
1986
75
0.105
19.8
16.1
17.6
16.7
549.8
501.8
530.9
3561
179
117
14.7
0.666
Truck SUV
L3
1987
24
0.031
17.9
14.3
16.1
15.1
619.9
550.3
588.3
4114
212
142
14.0
0.702
Truck SUV
L3
1988
5
0.006
17.7
13.7
16.6
14.9
650.7
535.4
596.6
4500
318
145
14.1
0.456
Truck SUV
L3
1989
17
0.021
29.6
24.1
25.3
24.6
369.2
351.9
360.7
2500
97
80
16.2
0.825
Truck SUV
L3
1990
14
0.022
28.7
23.2
24.4
23.8
383.8
363.9
374.0
2750
97
80
16.0
0.825
Truck SUV
L3
1991
15
0.017
27.2
21.8
23.1
22.4
407.4
384.8
396.2
2804
97
80
16.3
0.825
Truck SUV
L3
1992
10
0.013
27.5
21.9
23.3
22.6
405.5
382.1
393.6
2750
97
80
15.8
0.825
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-123 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
L10
1992
Truck SUV
L10
1993
Truck SUV
L10
1994
Truck SUV
L10
1995
Truck SUV
L10
1996
Truck SUV
L10
1997
Truck SUV
L10
1998
Truck SUV
L10
1999
Truck SUV
L10
2000
Truck SUV
L10
2001
Truck SUV
L10
2002
Truck SUV
L10
2003
Truck SUV
L10
2004
Truck SUV
L10
2005
Truck SUV
L10
2006
Truck SUV
L10
2007
Truck SUV
L10
2008
Truck SUV
L10
2009
Truck SUV
L10
2010
Truck SUV
L10
2011
Truck SUV
L10
2012
Truck SUV
L10
2013
Truck SUV
L10
2014
Truck SUV
L10
2015
Truck SUV
L10
2016
Truck SUV
L10
2017
Truck SUV
L10
2018
0.0655
57.3
69.0%
31.0%
100.0%
52.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1975
Truck SUV
L3
1976
Truck SUV
L3
1977
Truck SUV
L3
1978
Truck SUV
L3
1979
0.0320
25.7
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1980
0.0319
30.9
64.3%
35.7%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1981
0.0319
31.8
77.5%
22.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1982
0.0316
30.7
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1983
0.0317
28.9
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1984
0.0311
29.7
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1985
0.0302
30.3
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1986
0.0329
29.9
93.9%
6.1%
87.6%
12.4%
Truck SUV
L3
1987
0.0345
31.1
77.2%
22.8%
22.8%
77.2%
Truck SUV
L3
1988
0.0322
33.5
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1989
0.0320
30.8
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1990
0.0291
32.7
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1991
0.0286
31.4
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1992
0.0291
31.0
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-124 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
L3
1993
9
0.011
27.5
21.8
23.2
22.5
407.9
383.8
395.5
2750
97
80
14.8
0.825
Truck SUV
L3
1994
30
0.024
23.6
18.3
20.3
19.3
468.1
428.1
461.0
2958
138
114
12.6
0.833
Truck SUV
L3
1995
37
0.023
23.3
18.0
20.0
19.0
477.1
433.1
468.4
2950
137
120
12.0
0.908
Truck SUV
L3
1996
11
0.007
27.4
21.2
22.8
22.0
418.9
388.9
403.0
2750
97
95
14.0
0.979
Truck SUV
L3
1997
34
0.016
20.2
15.2
17.9
16.5
575.2
492.5
539.3
3404
195
151
11.4
0.793
Truck SUV
L3
1998
29
0.014
19.8
14.8
17.3
16.0
586.1
505.6
554.5
3386
201
156
11.4
0.794
Truck SUV
L3
1999
30
0.013
18.7
13.9
16.6
15.2
640.9
535.3
584.5
3925
228
172
11.2
0.756
Truck SUV
L3
2000
36
0.014
19.1
14.0
16.7
15.4
632.7
531.4
577.8
3939
231
174
10.7
0.754
Truck SUV
L3
2001
28
0.011
18.9
14.0
16.4
15.2
635.7
542.3
584.6
3951
233
175
10.4
0.753
Truck SUV
L3
2002
28
0.008
18.4
13.6
15.7
14.7
654.6
564.8
605.1
3969
236
190
10.0
0.805
Truck SUV
L3
2003
Truck SUV
L3
2004
Truck SUV
L3
2005
Truck SUV
L3
2006
Truck SUV
L3
2007
Truck SUV
L3
2008
Truck SUV
L3
2009
Truck SUV
L3
2010
Truck SUV
L3
2011
Truck SUV
L3
2012
Truck SUV
L3
2013
Truck SUV
L3
2014
Truck SUV
L3
2015
Truck SUV
L3
2016
Truck SUV
L3
2017
Truck SUV
L3
2018
Truck SUV
L4
1975
Truck SUV
L4
1976
Truck SUV
L4
1977
Truck SUV
L4
1978
Truck SUV
L4
1979
Truck SUV
L4
1980
Truck SUV
L4
1981
Truck SUV
L4
1982
43
0.287
19.4
14.9
19.0
16.5
628.1
495.4
572.9
5287
336
146
17.2
0.437
Truck SUV
L4
1983
108
0.421
19.7
15.1
19.4
16.8
591.9
459.1
541.2
4691
267
134
16.0
0.533
Truck SUV
L4
1984
181
0.318
19.5
15.0
19.4
16.7
590.2
451.5
538.4
4585
255
134
15.7
0.553
Truck SUV
L4
1985
308
0.476
20.0
15.3
20.0
17.1
574.1
437.7
522.0
4316
229
126
15.8
0.575
Truck SUV
L4
1986
308
0.431
18.9
14.5
18.6
16.1
607.5
473.8
553.5
4366
241
142
13.8
0.633
Truck SUV
L4
1987
373
0.479
19.6
14.9
19.3
16.6
592.2
453.7
534.8
4218
238
157
13.1
0.680
Truck SUV
L4
1988
488
0.569
19.3
14.7
18.7
16.3
598.2
468.3
544.0
4168
246
161
12.8
0.675
Truck SUV
L4
1989
519
0.635
19.4
14.7
18.7
16.4
595.9
470.4
543.1
4269
266
170
12.0
0.655
Truck SUV
L4
1990
415
0.646
18.7
14.0
18.2
15.7
625.9
483.6
564.8
4390
263
172
11.3
0.678
Truck SUV
L4
1991
651
0.747
19.6
14.6
19.0
16.4
605.1
464.5
541.6
4292
248
169
11.5
0.690
Truck SUV
L4
1992
579
0.761
18.8
13.9
18.2
15.7
631.8
484.5
564.4
4364
250
177
11.0
0.723
Truck SUV
L4
1993
660
0.788
19.1
14.0
18.3
15.9
625.5
479.1
559.4
4516
259
186
10.1
0.736
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-125 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
L3
1993
0.0291
30.9
100.0%
14.7%
85.3%
Truck SUV
L3
1994
0.0374
28.9
100.0%
47.8%
52.2%
8.8%
Truck SUV
L3
1995
0.0402
28.5
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1996
0.0345
30.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
1997
0.0442
28.2
100.0%
100.0%
12.8%
Truck SUV
L3
1998
0.0456
27.3
100.0%
100.0%
15.3%
Truck SUV
L3
1999
0.0436
29.8
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
2000
0.0439
30.3
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
2001
0.0442
30.0
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
2002
0.0478
29.1
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L3
2003
Truck SUV
L3
2004
Truck SUV
L3
2005
Truck SUV
L3
2006
Truck SUV
L3
2007
Truck SUV
L3
2008
Truck SUV
L3
2009
Truck SUV
L3
2010
Truck SUV
L3
2011
Truck SUV
L3
2012
Truck SUV
L3
2013
Truck SUV
L3
2014
Truck SUV
L3
2015
Truck SUV
L3
2016
Truck SUV
L3
2017
Truck SUV
L3
2018
Truck SUV
L4
1975
Truck SUV
L4
1976
Truck SUV
L4
1977
Truck SUV
L4
1978
Truck SUV
L4
1979
Truck SUV
L4
1980
Truck SUV
L4
1981
Truck SUV
L4
1982
0.0279
44.9
55.6%
44.4%
47.7%
52.3%
Truck SUV
L4
1983
0.0285
39.9
80.3%
19.7%
82.0%
18.0%
Truck SUV
L4
1984
0.0291
38.5
81.2%
18.8%
92.0%
8.0%
Truck SUV
L4
1985
0.0290
37.0
87.2%
12.8%
92.8%
3.4%
0.7%
3.1%
Truck SUV
L4
1986
0.0330
35.1
87.3%
12.7%
30.8%
36.7%
30.4%
2.2%
Truck SUV
L4
1987
0.0375
34.9
90.3%
9.7%
40.9%
58.3%
0.9%
Truck SUV
L4
1988
0.0392
34.0
91.6%
8.4%
49.4%
50.0%
0.6%
Truck SUV
L4
1989
0.0406
34.9
90.7%
9.3%
47.3%
52.3%
0.4%
Truck SUV
L4
1990
0.0401
34.4
89.7%
10.3%
63.8%
35.7%
0.5%
Truck SUV
L4
1991
0.0397
35.3
95.5%
4.5%
60.4%
39.4%
0.3%
Truck SUV
L4
1992
0.0413
34.4
94.5%
5.5%
75.2%
24.8%
Truck SUV
L4
1993
0.0420
35.9
91.6%
8.4%
81.9%
18.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-126 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
L4
1994
1064
0.824
18.8
13.9
18.0
15.7
636.4
488.8
567.2
4491
259
188
10.0
0.741
Truck SUV
L4
1995
1320
0.827
18.9
13.8
18.0
15.7
638.6
487.8
567.3
4500
261
185
10.4
0.729
Truck SUV
L4
1996
1494
0.932
19.4
14.0
18.6
16.1
627.1
474.4
553.5
4443
265
192
10.5
0.734
Truck SUV
L4
1997
1574
0.753
19.3
13.9
18.2
15.9
628.5
483.5
560.2
4584
267
201
10.3
0.774
Truck SUV
L4
1998
1676
0.788
19.4
13.9
18.4
15.9
627.9
476.0
557.6
4545
263
199
10.6
0.784
Truck SUV
L4
1999
1922
0.821
19.4
13.9
18.2
15.9
625.4
481.2
558.4
4585
260
208
10.4
0.830
Truck SUV
L4
2000
2117
0.838
19.4
13.8
18.1
15.9
628.6
484.6
560.1
4654
259
210
9.9
0.837
Truck SUV
L4
2001
2157
0.797
20.2
14.4
18.5
16.4
604.7
470.3
542.0
4571
242
214
9.6
0.916
Truck SUV
L4
2002
2537
0.707
20.3
14.2
18.7
16.4
612.4
467.0
541.6
4699
246
233
9.4
0.971
Truck SUV
L4
2003
2499
0.700
20.2
14.1
18.7
16.3
616.7
466.5
544.3
4835
251
236
9.4
0.968
Truck SUV
L4
2004
2462
0.604
20.4
14.1
19.0
16.5
617.6
461.1
539.1
4797
255
238
9.3
0.955
Truck SUV
L4
2005
1478
0.452
20.7
14.2
19.1
16.6
611.6
459.3
533.9
4896
255
250
9.1
0.997
Truck SUV
L4
2006
1098
0.365
21.2
14.6
19.5
17.0
596.0
448.6
522.1
4737
242
241
9.3
1.015
Truck SUV
L4
2007
1170
0.353
21.6
14.7
20.1
17.4
594.5
438.8
511.9
5030
259
256
9.3
1.000
Truck SUV
L4
2008
877
0.285
22.3
15.2
20.6
17.9
572.4
426.8
496.4
4733
48.1
239
238
9.5
1.008
Truck SUV
L4
2009
297
0.173
24.8
17.0
22.4
19.7
509.4
387.0
450.9
4120
44.6
191
197
9.8
1.057
Truck SUV
L4
2010
345
0.149
25.8
17.7
23.3
20.5
491.7
375.2
434.0
3998
43.6
185
188
10.0
1.041
Truck SUV
L4
2011
352
0.115
25.6
17.5
23.0
20.3
494.6
378.6
438.1
4069
45.0
191
192
9.9
1.031
Truck SUV
L4
2012
250
0.090
27.0
18.4
24.2
21.3
471.5
362.4
417.0
4038
44.6
175
187
10.1
1.088
Truck SUV
L4
2013
70
0.021
29.0
19.7
25.8
22.8
448.8
344.1
389.8
3723
45.7
150
173
10.1
1.154
Truck SUV
L4
2014
33
0.009
27.6
18.5
25.4
21.9
480.4
349.3
405.6
4000
49.1
146
173
10.4
1.181
Truck SUV
L4
2015
42
0.009
27.7
18.6
25.5
22.0
478.8
348.8
404.7
4000
49.2
146
173
10.4
1.181
Truck SUV
L4
2016
41
0.009
27.7
18.6
25.5
22.0
478.8
348.8
404.7
4000
49.2
146
172
10.5
1.174
Truck SUV
L4
2017
39
0.007
27.7
18.5
25.7
22.0
479.2
345.6
403.0
4000
49.2
146
173
10.4
1.181
Truck SUV
L4
2018
Truck SUV
L5
1975
Truck SUV
L5
1976
Truck SUV
L5
1977
Truck SUV
L5
1978
Truck SUV
L5
1979
Truck SUV
L5
1980
Truck SUV
L5
1981
Truck SUV
L5
1982
Truck SUV
L5
1983
Truck SUV
L5
1984
Truck SUV
L5
1985
Truck SUV
L5
1986
Truck SUV
L5
1987
Truck SUV
L5
1988
Truck SUV
L5
1989
Truck SUV
L5
1990
Truck SUV
L5
1991
Truck SUV
L5
1992
Truck SUV
L5
1993
Truck SUV
L5
1994
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-127 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
L4
1994
0.0424
35.3
94.7%
5.3%
85.8%
14.2%
11.5%
Truck SUV
L4
1995
0.0416
35.3
89.5%
10.5%
82.5%
17.5%
14.2%
Truck SUV
L4
1996
0.0434
35.7
83.5%
16.5%
100.0%
0.0%
10.3%
Truck SUV
L4
1997
0.0440
36.4
82.4%
17.6%
100.0%
0.0%
20.0%
Truck SUV
L4
1998
0.0439
36.3
85.3%
14.7%
100.0%
0.0%
20.9%
Truck SUV
L4
1999
0.0455
36.5
76.9%
23.1%
100.0%
26.3%
3.6%
Truck SUV
L4
2000
0.0453
36.9
82.4%
17.6%
100.0%
22.4%
2.8%
Truck SUV
L4
2001
0.0469
37.4
9.3%
73.3%
17.4%
100.0%
41.1%
13.2%
Truck SUV
L4
2002
0.0497
38.5
2.4%
74.2%
23.4%
100.0%
53.8%
31.2%
Truck SUV
L4
2003
0.0490
39.3
3.6%
70.6%
25.8%
100.0%
52.2%
35.6%
Truck SUV
L4
2004
0.0498
39.4
2.4%
70.9%
26.6%
100.0%
47.6%
32.1%
Truck SUV
L4
2005
0.0508
40.6
2.6%
74.7%
22.7%
100.0%
57.2%
38.5%
Truck SUV
L4
2006
0.0507
40.3
3.1%
78.2%
18.6%
100.0%
67.4%
50.4%
Truck SUV
L4
2007
0.0506
43.6
1.4%
68.6%
30.0%
100.0%
34.6%
26.2%
Truck SUV
L4
2008
0.0499
42.3
1.0%
76.1%
22.9%
100.0%
44.9%
28.7%
Truck SUV
L4
2009
0.0478
41.0
1.8%
88.5%
9.7%
0.0%
100.0%
64.9%
29.3%
0.2%
Truck SUV
L4
2010
0.0472
41.4
0.9%
92.3%
6.8%
100.0%
58.6%
56.8%
Truck SUV
L4
2011
0.0472
41.8
1.8%
89.8%
8.4%
100.0%
52.3%
49.5%
Truck SUV
L4
2012
0.0463
43.4
6.9%
93.1%
100.0%
68.3%
68.3%
Truck SUV
L4
2013
0.0467
42.4
43.0%
57.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L4
2014
0.0433
43.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L4
2015
0.0433
43.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L4
2016
0.0430
43.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L4
2017
0.0433
44.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L4
2018
Truck SUV
L5
1975
Truck SUV
L5
1976
Truck SUV
L5
1977
Truck SUV
L5
1978
Truck SUV
L5
1979
Truck SUV
L5
1980
Truck SUV
L5
1981
Truck SUV
L5
1982
Truck SUV
L5
1983
Truck SUV
L5
1984
Truck SUV
L5
1985
Truck SUV
L5
1986
Truck SUV
L5
1987
Truck SUV
L5
1988
Truck SUV
L5
1989
Truck SUV
L5
1990
Truck SUV
L5
1991
Truck SUV
L5
1992
Truck SUV
L5
1993
Truck SUV
L5
1994
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-128 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
L5
1995
Truck SUV
L5
1996
Truck SUV
L5
1997
279
0.134
20.1
14.4
19.0
16.5
615.1
466.7
537.7
4500
244
160
11.4
0.656
Truck SUV
L5
1998
262
0.123
20.1
14.5
18.9
16.5
614.1
470.6
538.5
4480
237
169
11.4
0.726
Truck SUV
L5
1999
252
0.107
20.0
14.3
18.6
16.3
620.7
477.0
544.0
4528
238
202
10.2
0.854
Truck SUV
L5
2000
249
0.098
20.2
14.4
18.8
16.5
618.5
472.8
540.2
4656
239
200
10.0
0.844
Truck SUV
L5
2001
419
0.155
19.9
14.0
18.6
16.2
634.5
475.9
549.6
4634
241
223
9.1
0.940
Truck SUV
L5
2002
907
0.253
19.6
13.7
18.4
15.9
647.7
479.8
557.2
4564
249
224
9.1
0.907
Truck SUV
L5
2003
946
0.265
20.2
14.0
18.9
16.4
629.7
466.6
541.9
4664
247
233
9.0
0.958
Truck SUV
L5
2004
1430
0.351
20.2
13.9
18.8
16.3
631.4
466.2
544.6
4743
253
246
8.8
0.994
Truck SUV
L5
2005
1604
0.490
20.8
14.3
19.3
16.7
613.2
455.2
531.3
4662
237
240
8.8
1.034
Truck SUV
L5
2006
1490
0.496
21.2
14.5
19.7
17.1
603.4
445.3
520.4
4665
234
235
9.0
1.024
Truck SUV
L5
2007
1318
0.398
22.2
15.3
20.4
17.8
572.9
429.5
499.2
4591
227
238
9.0
1.068
Truck SUV
L5
2008
1185
0.386
22.8
15.6
21.0
18.3
558.8
417.8
486.5
4576
47.8
223
247
8.9
1.121
Truck SUV
L5
2009
524
0.306
24.0
16.4
22.0
19.2
533.2
399.3
463.8
4458
47.8
209
239
8.8
1.158
Truck SUV
L5
2010
621
0.269
24.2
16.5
22.3
19.4
526.0
390.7
459.0
4503
47.7
214
238
8.9
1.134
Truck SUV
L5
2011
825
0.269
24.7
16.8
22.7
19.8
519.1
386.5
449.8
4573
48.7
216
258
8.6
1.206
Truck SUV
L5
2012
812
0.293
25.4
17.3
23.2
20.2
506.1
376.5
439.7
4476
48.5
210
257
8.4
1.234
Truck SUV
L5
2013
803
0.243
25.8
17.6
23.4
20.5
496.9
372.5
433.6
4417
48.4
205
253
8.5
1.242
Truck SUV
L5
2014
591
0.160
26.9
18.3
24.0
21.2
472.4
359.6
419.2
4221
46.9
194
235
8.7
1.225
Truck SUV
L5
2015
410
0.087
23.6
16.3
21.3
18.8
542.5
413.8
472.2
4602
49.2
228
273
8.1
1.208
Truck SUV
L5
2016
331
0.070
23.3
16.3
20.7
18.5
545.0
428.9
479.4
4631
48.3
230
278
8.1
1.213
Truck SUV
L5
2017
274
0.051
23.1
16.1
20.0
18.1
551.6
443.8
490.4
4569
48.4
226
280
8.0
1.242
Truck SUV
L5
2018
-
0.049
23.7
16.5
20.1
18.4
539.1
441.3
483.5
4783
48.2
235
274
8.3
1.170
Truck SUV
L6
1975
Truck SUV
L6
1976
Truck SUV
L6
1977
Truck SUV
L6
1978
Truck SUV
L6
1979
Truck SUV
L6
1980
Truck SUV
L6
1981
Truck SUV
L6
1982
Truck SUV
L6
1983
Truck SUV
L6
1984
Truck SUV
L6
1985
Truck SUV
L6
1986
Truck SUV
L6
1987
Truck SUV
L6
1988
Truck SUV
L6
1989
Truck SUV
L6
1990
Truck SUV
L6
1991
Truck SUV
L6
1992
Truck SUV
L6
1993
Truck SUV
L6
1994
Truck SUV
L6
1995
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-129 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
L5
1995
Truck SUV
L5
1996
Truck SUV
L5
1997
0.0356
37.2
68.8%
31.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L5
1998
0.0378
37.0
83.1%
16.9%
100.0%
15.1%
Truck SUV
L5
1999
0.0446
37.0
85.9%
14.1%
100.0%
20.7%
Truck SUV
L5
2000
0.0430
38.3
83.4%
16.6%
100.0%
21.5%
2.2%
Truck SUV
L5
2001
0.0481
37.6
86.5%
13.5%
100.0%
31.9%
22.3%
Truck SUV
L5
2002
0.0491
36.5
71.7%
28.3%
100.0%
17.1%
9.8%
Truck SUV
L5
2003
0.0500
38.3
0.0%
78.8%
21.1%
100.0%
47.9%
26.7%
Truck SUV
L5
2004
0.0519
38.8
3.6%
78.6%
17.8%
100.0%
60.0%
46.6%
Truck SUV
L5
2005
0.0514
39.1
3.5%
77.7%
18.7%
99.5%
0.5%
68.9%
58.8%
Truck SUV
L5
2006
0.0505
39.9
6.5%
73.1%
20.3%
99.5%
0.5%
65.9%
61.8%
Truck SUV
L5
2007
0.0518
41.1
6.5%
78.6%
15.0%
99.8%
0.2%
72.2%
67.0%
Truck SUV
L5
2008
0.0537
42.0
8.9%
77.5%
13.7%
99.8%
0.2%
76.8%
69.4%
Truck SUV
L5
2009
0.0534
42.9
9.8%
83.9%
6.3%
100.0%
83.4%
83.8%
Truck SUV
L5
2010
0.0530
43.9
12.0%
75.8%
12.3%
100.0%
79.8%
81.0%
Truck SUV
L5
2011
0.0560
45.3
11.1%
77.3%
11.6%
100.0%
93.4%
98.8%
Truck SUV
L5
2012
0.0574
45.5
9.9%
80.5%
9.6%
100.0%
99.6%
99.6%
Truck SUV
L5
2013
0.0571
45.5
11.9%
80.4%
7.7%
100.0%
99.9%
99.9%
Truck SUV
L5
2014
0.0555
45.2
4.7%
91.0%
4.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L5
2015
0.0597
43.5
8.1%
83.8%
8.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L5
2016
0.0604
43.0
88.6%
11.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L5
2017
0.0617
41.4
93.9%
6.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L5
2018
0.0577
44.0
90.7%
9.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L6
1975
Truck SUV
L6
1976
Truck SUV
L6
1977
Truck SUV
L6
1978
Truck SUV
L6
1979
Truck SUV
L6
1980
Truck SUV
L6
1981
Truck SUV
L6
1982
Truck SUV
L6
1983
Truck SUV
L6
1984
Truck SUV
L6
1985
Truck SUV
L6
1986
Truck SUV
L6
1987
Truck SUV
L6
1988
Truck SUV
L6
1989
Truck SUV
L6
1990
Truck SUV
L6
1991
Truck SUV
L6
1992
Truck SUV
L6
1993
Truck SUV
L6
1994
Truck SUV
L6
1995
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-130 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
L6
1996
Truck SUV
L6
1997
Truck SUV
L6
1998
Truck SUV
L6
1999
Truck SUV
L6
2000
Truck SUV
L6
2001
Truck SUV
L6
2002
Truck SUV
L6
2003
Truck SUV
L6
2004
49
0.012
19.3
13.2
18.4
15.7
670.2
483.0
566.6
5410
232
274
8.8
1.175
Truck SUV
L6
2005
67
0.020
19.1
12.9
18.1
15.5
682.1
488.3
575.1
5585
264
294
8.3
1.127
Truck SUV
L6
2006
157
0.052
18.8
12.7
18.0
15.3
698.9
491.9
582.5
5580
271
302
8.2
1.122
Truck SUV
L6
2007
502
0.151
20.9
14.0
20.1
16.9
623.9
437.4
524.6
5139
256
299
8.0
1.206
Truck SUV
L6
2008
685
0.223
21.4
14.3
20.5
17.3
612.2
428.7
513.4
5166
52.5
248
292
8.2
1.201
Truck SUV
L6
2009
640
0.373
23.1
15.5
22.0
18.7
566.8
400.3
476.7
4918
51.7
229
276
8.1
1.232
Truck SUV
L6
2010
958
0.416
23.7
16.0
22.2
19.0
548.2
397.0
467.8
4926
51.2
233
279
8.1
1.221
Truck SUV
L6
2011
1310
0.427
23.8
16.1
22.1
19.1
542.9
397.1
466.8
5039
52.5
240
290
8.0
1.240
Truck SUV
L6
2012
1175
0.424
23.8
16.1
22.2
19.1
543.4
396.2
466.3
4974
52.4
238
289
8.0
1.244
Truck SUV
L6
2013
1653
0.499
25.4
17.1
23.5
20.3
504.2
369.9
438.6
4792
51.1
218
270
8.3
1.300
Truck SUV
L6
2014
1616
0.436
26.5
17.9
24.4
21.1
486.2
358.5
421.6
4599
50.4
201
257
8.4
1.321
Truck SUV
L6
2015
2151
0.458
26.7
18.0
24.6
21.2
485.1
357.7
419.0
4693
50.6
206
266
8.3
1.332
Truck SUV
L6
2016
2169
0.459
26.9
18.0
24.7
21.3
481.5
355.2
417.1
4598
50.3
196
259
8.3
1.367
Truck SUV
L6
2017
2239
0.415
26.8
18.0
24.8
21.3
483.6
353.7
417.5
4616
50.3
191
261
8.3
1.419
Truck SUV
L6
2018
-
0.311
28.8
19.4
25.8
22.6
448.8
340.0
394.1
4388
49.0
175
240
8.6
1.436
Truck SUV
L7
1975
Truck SUV
L7
1976
Truck SUV
L7
1977
Truck SUV
L7
1978
Truck SUV
L7
1979
Truck SUV
L7
1980
Truck SUV
L7
1981
Truck SUV
L7
1982
Truck SUV
L7
1983
Truck SUV
L7
1984
Truck SUV
L7
1985
Truck SUV
L7
1986
Truck SUV
L7
1987
Truck SUV
L7
1988
Truck SUV
L7
1989
Truck SUV
L7
1990
Truck SUV
L7
1991
Truck SUV
L7
1992
Truck SUV
L7
1993
Truck SUV
L7
1994
Truck SUV
L7
1995
Truck SUV
L7
1996
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-131 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
L6
1996
Truck SUV
L6
1997
Truck SUV
L6
1998
Truck SUV
L6
1999
Truck SUV
L6
2000
Truck SUV
L6
2001
Truck SUV
L6
2002
Truck SUV
L6
2003
Truck SUV
L6
2004
0.0510
42.6
100.0%
98.7%
1.3%
98.7%
98.7%
Truck SUV
L6
2005
0.0530
43.2
83.4%
16.6%
100.0%
98.1%
98.1%
Truck SUV
L6
2006
0.0545
42.6
85.6%
14.4%
99.6%
0.4%
96.2%
96.2%
Truck SUV
L6
2007
0.0581
43.5
11.7%
77.8%
10.5%
99.9%
0.1%
80.0%
79.2%
Truck SUV
L6
2008
0.0563
44.7
20.2%
70.0%
9.8%
8.8%
91.2%
0.0%
90.2%
85.6%
Truck SUV
L6
2009
0.0560
45.8
33.7%
56.6%
9.7%
20.2%
79.1%
0.7%
84.5%
67.0%
Truck SUV
L6
2010
0.0567
46.8
21.5%
70.2%
8.3%
27.4%
71.7%
1.0%
88.8%
89.3%
Truck SUV
L6
2011
0.0576
47.9
21.2%
70.2%
8.6%
28.2%
71.0%
0.8%
80.3%
99.2%
Truck SUV
L6
2012
0.0581
47.4
23.9%
68.3%
7.8%
31.4%
67.6%
1.0%
81.6%
99.0%
Truck SUV
L6
2013
0.0561
48.6
16.8%
76.3%
7.0%
31.2%
68.5%
0.2%
83.4%
98.1%
Truck SUV
L6
2014
0.0556
48.4
21.6%
74.5%
3.9%
43.3%
56.7%
93.5%
97.8%
Truck SUV
L6
2015
0.0562
49.6
17.6%
75.9%
6.5%
51.4%
48.6%
85.6%
99.2%
Truck SUV
L6
2016
0.0559
49.0
19.7%
75.3%
5.0%
64.9%
35.1%
90.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L6
2017
0.0560
49.1
20.5%
74.5%
4.9%
67.1%
32.9%
91.4%
99.5%
Truck SUV
L6
2018
0.0540
49.6
18.6%
77.7%
3.6%
60.2%
38.7%
1.1%
91.5%
97.8%
Truck SUV
L7
1975
Truck SUV
L7
1976
Truck SUV
L7
1977
Truck SUV
L7
1978
Truck SUV
L7
1979
Truck SUV
L7
1980
Truck SUV
L7
1981
Truck SUV
L7
1982
Truck SUV
L7
1983
Truck SUV
L7
1984
Truck SUV
L7
1985
Truck SUV
L7
1986
Truck SUV
L7
1987
Truck SUV
L7
1988
Truck SUV
L7
1989
Truck SUV
L7
1990
Truck SUV
L7
1991
Truck SUV
L7
1992
Truck SUV
L7
1993
Truck SUV
L7
1994
Truck SUV
L7
1995
Truck SUV
L7
1996
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-132 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
L7
1997
Truck SUV
L7
199S
Truck SUV
L7
1999
Truck SUV
L7
2000
Truck SUV
L7
2001
Truck SUV
L7
2002
Truck SUV
L7
2003
Truck SUV
L7
2004
Truck SUV
L7
2005
Truck SUV
L7
2006
50
0.017
21.0
14.4
19.3
16.8
612.9
460.0
527.7
5000
233
275
8.0
1.201
Truck SUV
L7
2007
63
0.019
20.2
14.0
18.4
16.2
637.3
484.3
554.1
5290
252
303
7.9
1.204
Truck SUV
L7
200S
68
0.022
20.8
14.3
19.1
16.7
627.1
473.0
542.9
5474
52.6
247
297
8.3
1.206
Truck SUV
L7
2009
50
0.029
21.2
14.6
19.5
17.0
614.6
459.7
529.9
5218
52.0
240
298
7.9
1.246
Truck SUV
L7
2010
78
0.034
21.6
14.8
19.7
17.3
601.5
451.2
519.0
5063
50.7
230
281
8.0
1.228
Truck SUV
L7
2011
98
0.032
21.2
14.5
19.6
17.0
613.9
456.0
527.1
5362
52.8
253
307
7.8
1.223
Truck SUV
L7
2012
106
0.038
22.5
15.5
20.7
18.1
574.3
432.1
500.3
5365
52.7
247
313
7.8
1.282
Truck SUV
L7
2013
107
0.032
23.9
16.3
21.5
18.9
540.8
411.8
475.6
5271
51.9
241
327
7.4
1.369
Truck SUV
L7
2014
111
0.030
23.7
16.1
21.6
18.8
547.1
410.3
478.5
5344
52.2
246
330
7.5
1.358
Truck SUV
L7
2015
145
0.031
25.1
17.1
22.5
19.8
513.2
389.0
452.1
5132
51.3
214
313
7.6
1.512
Truck SUV
L7
2016
97
0.021
24.1
16.6
21.7
19.1
528.4
402.6
466.3
5337
52.2
226
332
7.4
1.514
Truck SUV
L7
2017
124
0.023
22.7
15.4
20.6
18.0
560.2
419.2
493.3
5514
53.4
270
349
7.2
1.335
Truck SUV
L7
201S
-
0.034
26.9
18.4
23.6
21.0
462.8
365.5
422.3
4993
51.0
199
297
7.6
1.640
Truck SUV
LS
1975
Truck SUV
LS
1976
Truck SUV
LS
1977
Truck SUV
LS
197S
Truck SUV
LS
1979
Truck SUV
LS
19S0
Truck SUV
LS
19S1
Truck SUV
LS
19S2
Truck SUV
LS
19S3
Truck SUV
LS
19S4
Truck SUV
LS
19S5
Truck SUV
LS
19S6
Truck SUV
LS
19S7
Truck SUV
LS
19SS
Truck SUV
LS
19S9
Truck SUV
LS
1990
Truck SUV
LS
1991
Truck SUV
LS
1992
Truck SUV
LS
1993
Truck SUV
LS
1994
Truck SUV
LS
1995
Truck SUV
LS
1996
Truck SUV
LS
1997
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-13 3 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
L7
1997
Truck SUV
L7
199S
Truck SUV
L7
1999
Truck SUV
L7
2000
Truck SUV
L7
2001
Truck SUV
L7
2002
Truck SUV
L7
2003
Truck SUV
L7
2004
Truck SUV
L7
2005
Truck SUV
L7
2006
0.0551
42.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
78.2%
Truck SUV
L7
2007
0.0570
43.2
100.0%
91.5%
8.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L7
200S
0.0541
46.1
100.0%
83.2%
16.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L7
2009
0.0572
44.5
95.6%
4.4%
88.7%
11.3%
100.0%
80.5%
Truck SUV
L7
2010
0.055S
43.S
91.0%
9.0%
92.9%
7.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L7
2011
0.0573
45.S
64.4%
35.6%
17.6%
73.3%
9.0%
100.0%
91.0%
Truck SUV
L7
2012
0.05S6
4S.9
93.7%
6.3%
47.8%
39.1%
13.1%
100.0%
86.9%
Truck SUV
L7
2013
0.0623
50.4
85.9%
14.1%
79.8%
9.3%
11.0%
100.0%
89.0%
Truck SUV
L7
2014
0.0617
51.0
S3.2%
16.8%
84.1%
3.1%
12.8%
100.0%
87.2%
Truck SUV
L7
2015
0.0606
51.3
S3.7%
16.3%
88.6%
3.6%
7.8%
100.0%
94.6%
Truck SUV
L7
2016
0.061S
51.4
76.4%
23.6%
93.0%
3.5%
3.5%
100.0%
98.3%
Truck SUV
L7
2017
0.0631
49.9
66.7%
33.3%
93.8%
6.2%
100.0%
100.0%
1.7%
Truck SUV
L7
201S
0.0590
53.0
75.7%
24.3%
99.6%
0.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.4%
Truck SUV
LS
1975
Truck SUV
LS
1976
Truck SUV
LS
1977
Truck SUV
LS
197S
Truck SUV
LS
1979
Truck SUV
LS
19S0
Truck SUV
LS
19S1
Truck SUV
LS
19S2
Truck SUV
LS
19S3
Truck SUV
LS
19S4
Truck SUV
LS
19S5
Truck SUV
LS
19S6
Truck SUV
LS
19S7
Truck SUV
LS
19SS
Truck SUV
LS
19S9
Truck SUV
LS
1990
Truck SUV
LS
1991
Truck SUV
LS
1992
Truck SUV
LS
1993
Truck SUV
LS
1994
Truck SUV
LS
1995
Truck SUV
LS
1996
Truck SUV
LS
1997
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-134 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
LS
199S
Truck SUV
LS
1999
Truck SUV
LS
2000
Truck SUV
LS
2001
Truck SUV
LS
2002
Truck SUV
LS
2003
Truck SUV
LS
2004
Truck SUV
LS
2005
Truck SUV
LS
2006
Truck SUV
LS
2007
Truck SUV
LS
200S
Truck SUV
LS
2009
Truck SUV
LS
2010
Truck SUV
LS
2011
98
0.032
25.4
17.1
23.9
20.4
51S.7
372.7
439.6
4921
50.9
190
291
7.5
1.555
Truck SUV
LS
2012
107
0.03S
25.5
17.1
24.0
20.5
519.2
371.6
43S.S
4931
51.0
1S3
2S3
7.6
1.56S
Truck SUV
LS
2013
177
0.054
25.9
17.4
24.3
20.S
50S.1
364.5
432.1
4S22
50.S
179
2SS
7.4
1.650
Truck SUV
LS
2014
577
0.156
25.4
17.0
23.9
20.3
51S.4
371.2
439.2
49S7
51.5
217
301
7.4
1.42S
Truck SUV
LS
2015
635
0.135
25.2
16.9
23.S
20.2
523.6
373.6
442.2
5102
52.2
22S
30S
7.4
1.401
Truck SUV
LS
2016
600
0.127
25.9
17.5
23.S
20.6
502.5
370.5
433.2
5145
52.3
227
325
7.2
1.536
Truck SUV
LS
2017
1047
0.194
27.1
IS.2
24.9
21.5
4S2.2
353.2
413.3
4944
51.4
219
313
7.1
1.49S
Truck SUV
LS
201S
-
0.220
2S.1
19.0
25.0
22.0
464.6
353.5
404.9
4729
50.5
195
292
7.3
1.571
Truck SUV
L9
1975
Truck SUV
L9
1976
Truck SUV
L9
1977
Truck SUV
L9
197S
Truck SUV
L9
1979
Truck SUV
L9
19S0
Truck SUV
L9
19S1
Truck SUV
L9
19S2
Truck SUV
L9
19S3
Truck SUV
L9
19S4
Truck SUV
L9
19S5
Truck SUV
L9
19S6
Truck SUV
L9
19S7
Truck SUV
L9
19SS
Truck SUV
L9
19S9
Truck SUV
L9
1990
Truck SUV
L9
1991
Truck SUV
L9
1992
Truck SUV
L9
1993
Truck SUV
L9
1994
Truck SUV
L9
1995
Truck SUV
L9
1996
Truck SUV
L9
1997
Truck SUV
L9
199S
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-13 5 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
LS
199S
Truck SUV
LS
1999
Truck SUV
LS
2000
Truck SUV
LS
2001
Truck SUV
LS
2002
Truck SUV
LS
2003
Truck SUV
LS
2004
Truck SUV
LS
2005
Truck SUV
LS
2006
Truck SUV
LS
2007
Truck SUV
LS
200S
Truck SUV
LS
2009
Truck SUV
LS
2010
Truck SUV
LS
2011
0.0591
50.4
100.0%
77.1%
16.1%
6.9%
100.0%
100.0%
1.7%
Truck SUV
LS
2012
0.0573
50.7
100.0%
81.2%
10.4%
8.4%
100.0%
91.6%
1.6%
Truck SUV
LS
2013
0.0596
50.3
100.0%
89.4%
3.5%
7.2%
100.0%
92.8%
1.0%
Truck SUV
LS
2014
0.0602
51.0
S3.9%
16.1%
33.6%
62.1%
4.3%
40.9%
92.2%
0.2%
Truck SUV
LS
2015
0.0601
51.S
S3.2%
16.8%
38.6%
55.8%
5.6%
85.0%
93.7%
0.0%
Truck SUV
LS
2016
0.0627
53.2
0.1%
88.2%
11.8%
59.7%
36.5%
3.9%
81.6%
95.8%
0.0%
Truck SUV
LS
2017
0.0632
53.4
10.6%
80.0%
9.4%
41.3%
57.5%
1.2%
89.6%
98.8%
Truck SUV
LS
201S
0.0617
52.2
13.3%
80.7%
5.9%
47.9%
50.3%
1.8%
97.1%
92.8%
5.6%
Truck SUV
L9
1975
Truck SUV
L9
1976
Truck SUV
L9
1977
Truck SUV
L9
197S
Truck SUV
L9
1979
Truck SUV
L9
19S0
Truck SUV
L9
19S1
Truck SUV
L9
19S2
Truck SUV
L9
19S3
Truck SUV
L9
19S4
Truck SUV
L9
19S5
Truck SUV
L9
19S6
Truck SUV
L9
19S7
Truck SUV
L9
19SS
Truck SUV
L9
19S9
Truck SUV
L9
1990
Truck SUV
L9
1991
Truck SUV
L9
1992
Truck SUV
L9
1993
Truck SUV
L9
1994
Truck SUV
L9
1995
Truck SUV
L9
1996
Truck SUV
L9
1997
Truck SUV
L9
199S
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-136 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
L9
1999
Truck SUV
L9
2000
Truck SUV
L9
2001
Truck SUV
L9
2002
Truck SUV
L9
2003
Truck SUV
L9
2004
Truck SUV
L9
2005
Truck SUV
L9
2006
Truck SUV
L9
2007
Truck SUV
L9
2008
Truck SUV
L9
2009
Truck SUV
L9
2010
Truck SUV
L9
2011
Truck SUV
L9
2012
Truck SUV
L9
2013
Truck SUV
L9
2014
ill
0.030
28.8
19.3
26.5
22.8
459.3
334.9
389.5
4130
46.4
174
240
7.6
1.379
Truck SUV
L9
2015
211
0.045
30.2
20.2
27.4
23.7
440.0
323.9
374.5
3995
45.6
167
229
7.7
1.381
Truck SUV
L9
2016
407
0.086
29.9
19.8
27.0
23.3
447.5
328.3
380.6
4139
47.4
176
244
7.5
1.399
Truck SUV
L9
2017
447
0.083
29.2
19.4
26.4
22.9
454.2
332.8
388.7
4302
48.1
175
251
7.5
1.447
Truck SUV
L9
2018
-
0.143
30.0
19.9
27.0
23.4
443.2
326.7
379.9
4255
48.9
165
255
7.4
1.595
Truck SUV
M3
1975
Truck SUV
M3
1976
Truck SUV
M3
1977
Truck SUV
M3
1978
Truck SUV
M3
1979
81
0.211
16.7
13.9
14.5
14.2
636.1
610.2
627.1
3255
275
120
13.6
0.437
Truck SUV
M3
1980
20
0.106
15.6
12.5
14.1
13.2
703.7
627.6
673.6
4781
310
140
15.5
0.451
Truck SUV
M3
1981
9
0.066
16.5
13.4
14.9
14.0
659.9
592.8
633.7
4693
304
131
15.9
0.430
Truck SUV
M3
1982
9
0.063
16.3
13.1
14.9
13.9
674.1
592.5
641.5
4657
307
136
16.5
0.442
Truck SUV
M3
1983
8
0.032
17.5
14.0
16.0
14.8
627.1
550.6
599.2
4705
308
137
15.1
0.447
Truck SUV
M3
1984
4
0.006
15.6
12.2
15.0
13.3
728.3
589.6
667.3
5066
311
161
14.0
0.518
Truck SUV
M3
1985
12
0.019
16.9
13.6
15.5
14.4
640.1
568.0
617.6
4794
306
150
14.1
0.489
Truck SUV
M3
1986
10
0.013
16.7
13.3
15.4
14.2
657.5
574.8
627.1
4884
307
146
13.9
0.474
Truck SUV
M3
1987
7
0.008
16.4
13.0
14.9
13.8
678.2
592.7
642.6
5047
314
165
13.3
0.522
Truck SUV
M3
1988
3
0.004
15.6
12.2
14.4
13.1
726.5
614.3
676.7
5098
340
192
12.2
0.563
Truck SUV
M3
1989
3
0.004
15.8
12.3
14.5
13.3
713.1
611.6
669.9
5111
326
174
12.6
0.531
Truck SUV
M3
1990
1
0.002
14.9
11.4
14.0
12.5
776.8
635.3
710.3
5204
343
199
10.8
0.578
Truck SUV
M3
1991
1
0.001
15.0
11.6
13.6
12.5
764.1
654.1
711.4
5000
348
207
10.4
0.593
Truck SUV
M3
1992
19
0.025
21.2
16.0
19.7
17.6
557.0
451.4
504.8
3500
242
190
9.0
0.785
Truck SUV
M3
1993
Truck SUV
M3
1994
Truck SUV
M3
1995
Truck SUV
M3
1996
Truck SUV
M3
1997
Truck SUV
M3
1998
Truck SUV
M3
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-137 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
L9
1999
Truck SUV
L9
2000
Truck SUV
L9
2001
Truck SUV
L9
2002
Truck SUV
L9
2003
Truck SUV
L9
2004
Truck SUV
L9
2005
Truck SUV
L9
2006
Truck SUV
L9
2007
Truck SUV
L9
2008
Truck SUV
L9
2009
Truck SUV
L9
2010
Truck SUV
L9
2011
Truck SUV
L9
2012
Truck SUV
L9
2013
Truck SUV
L9
2014
0.0579
47.2
100.0%
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L9
2015
0.0572
47.4
100.0%
9.1%
90.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L9
2016
0.0585
48.2
7.9%
92.1%
45.3%
54.7%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L9
2017
0.0579
48.9
6.2%
93.8%
53.4%
46.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
L9
2018
0.0595
49.6
15.4%
84.6%
69.1%
30.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1975
Truck SUV
M3
1976
Truck SUV
M3
1977
Truck SUV
M3
1978
Truck SUV
M3
1979
0.0371
23.0
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1980
0.0291
31.7
84.2%
15.8%
98.3%
1.7%
Truck SUV
M3
1981
0.0278
33.1
96.7%
3.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1982
0.0290
32.4
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1983
0.0291
35.2
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1984
0.0317
33.8
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1985
0.0313
34.8
100.0%
85.8%
14.2%
Truck SUV
M3
1986
0.0298
34.8
100.0%
66.1%
33.9%
Truck SUV
M3
1987
0.0326
35.1
100.0%
10.0%
51.0%
39.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1988
0.0377
33.6
100.0%
3.9%
12.3%
83.8%
Truck SUV
M3
1989
0.0340
34.1
100.0%
40.7%
59.3%
Truck SUV
M3
1990
0.0383
32.6
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1991
0.0414
31.3
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1992
0.0543
30.8
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M3
1993
Truck SUV
M3
1994
Truck SUV
M3
1995
Truck SUV
M3
1996
Truck SUV
M3
1997
Truck SUV
M3
1998
Truck SUV
M3
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-13 8 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
M3
2000
Truck SUV
M3
2001
Truck SUV
M3
2002
Truck SUV
M3
2003
Truck SUV
M3
2004
Truck SUV
M3
2005
Truck SUV
M3
2006
Truck SUV
M3
2007
Truck SUV
M3
2008
Truck SUV
M3
2009
Truck SUV
M3
2010
Truck SUV
M3
2011
Truck SUV
M3
2012
Truck SUV
M3
2013
Truck SUV
M3
2014
Truck SUV
M3
2015
Truck SUV
M3
2016
Truck SUV
M3
2017
Truck SUV
M3
2018
Truck SUV
M4
1975
Truck SUV
M4
1976
Truck SUV
M4
1977
Truck SUV
M4
1978
Truck SUV
M4
1979
46
0.120
12.3
10.0
11.0
10.4
868.1
792.5
852.0
4966
328
156
14.1
0.478
Truck SUV
M4
1980
61
0.330
19.1
15.4
17.2
16.2
564.5
512.5
553.9
3184
222
95
16.1
0.462
Truck SUV
M4
1981
47
0.344
20.1
16.0
18.7
17.1
541.4
470.5
520.1
3293
235
106
15.0
0.467
Truck SUV
M4
1982
28
0.186
19.3
15.3
18.0
16.5
566.1
488.0
545.6
3648
247
107
17.0
0.469
Truck SUV
M4
1983
44
0.173
20.5
16.2
19.2
17.4
533.8
453.7
510.2
3397
215
106
15.3
0.531
Truck SUV
M4
1984
79
0.139
20.4
16.2
19.0
17.4
522.4
451.0
510.9
3613
207
105
15.7
0.551
Truck SUV
M4
1985
51
0.079
21.7
17.2
20.3
18.5
490.9
422.9
480.7
3540
157
94
17.0
0.629
Truck SUV
M4
1986
23
0.032
21.1
16.7
19.4
17.9
516.9
444.0
497.8
3655
206
115
13.8
0.596
Truck SUV
M4
1987
15
0.019
19.0
14.9
17.6
16.1
551.7
466.9
553.2
3985
202
122
14.1
0.634
Truck SUV
M4
1988
1
0.001
26.6
20.9
24.3
22.4
425.5
365.3
397.2
3500
150
117
13.9
0.780
Truck SUV
M4
1989
Truck SUV
M4
1990
Truck SUV
M4
1991
Truck SUV
M4
1992
11
0.014
21.6
16.2
20.3
18.0
548.2
438.0
493.8
3500
242
190
8.8
0.785
Truck SUV
M4
1993
Truck SUV
M4
1994
Truck SUV
M4
1995
Truck SUV
M4
1996
Truck SUV
M4
1997
Truck SUV
M4
1998
Truck SUV
M4
1999
Truck SUV
M4
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-13 9 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
M3
2000
Truck SUV
M3
2001
Truck SUV
M3
2002
Truck SUV
M3
2003
Truck SUV
M3
2004
Truck SUV
M3
2005
Truck SUV
M3
2006
Truck SUV
M3
2007
Truck SUV
M3
2008
Truck SUV
M3
2009
Truck SUV
M3
2010
Truck SUV
M3
2011
Truck SUV
M3
2012
Truck SUV
M3
2013
Truck SUV
M3
2014
Truck SUV
M3
2015
Truck SUV
M3
2016
Truck SUV
M3
2017
Truck SUV
M3
2018
Truck SUV
M4
1975
Truck SUV
M4
1976
Truck SUV
M4
1977
Truck SUV
M4
1978
Truck SUV
M4
1979
0.0311
26.1
60.2%
39.8%
98.4%
1.6%
Truck SUV
M4
1980
0.0299
26.1
100.0%
0.0%
93.4%
6.6%
Truck SUV
M4
1981
0.0323
28.3
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M4
1982
0.0298
30.3
100.0%
91.7%
8.3%
Truck SUV
M4
1983
0.0314
29.8
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M4
1984
0.0293
31.7
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M4
1985
0.0263
33.1
100.0%
94.4%
5.6%
Truck SUV
M4
1986
0.0317
33.2
100.0%
55.4%
44.6%
Truck SUV
M4
1987
0.0308
33.5
100.0%
32.6%
8.1%
59.3%
Truck SUV
M4
1988
0.0334
39.2
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M4
1989
Truck SUV
M4
1990
Truck SUV
M4
1991
Truck SUV
M4
1992
0.0543
31.5
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M4
1993
Truck SUV
M4
1994
Truck SUV
M4
1995
Truck SUV
M4
1996
Truck SUV
M4
1997
Truck SUV
M4
1998
Truck SUV
M4
1999
Truck SUV
M4
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-140 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
M4
2001
Truck SUV
M4
2002
Truck SUV
M4
2003
Truck SUV
M4
2004
Truck SUV
M4
2005
Truck SUV
M4
2006
Truck SUV
M4
2007
Truck SUV
M4
2008
Truck SUV
M4
2009
Truck SUV
M4
2010
Truck SUV
M4
2011
Truck SUV
M4
2012
Truck SUV
M4
2013
Truck SUV
M4
2014
Truck SUV
M4
2015
Truck SUV
M4
2016
Truck SUV
M4
2017
Truck SUV
M4
2018
Truck SUV
M5
1975
Truck SUV
M5
1976
Truck SUV
M5
1977
Truck SUV
M5
1978
Truck SUV
M5
1979
Truck SUV
M5
1980
Truck SUV
M5
1981
Truck SUV
M5
1982
11
0.070
20.2
15.7
19.6
17.2
561.3
452.7
516.0
3063
244
105
14.8
0.437
Truck SUV
M5
1983
34
0.133
21.4
16.5
20.9
18.2
537.2
422.0
488.0
3495
206
110
14.3
0.555
Truck SUV
M5
1984
90
0.157
22.4
17.3
21.9
19.1
511.0
404.9
465.3
3467
181
105
14.7
0.596
Truck SUV
M5
1985
128
0.198
22.2
17.0
22.0
18.9
516.1
403.8
469.5
3573
169
106
14.7
0.636
Truck SUV
M5
1986
246
0.344
24.1
18.9
22.6
20.4
459.5
388.7
436.4
3408
150
107
14.1
0.725
Truck SUV
M5
1987
287
0.369
24.1
18.8
22.5
20.4
454.3
386.9
436.2
3268
157
110
13.8
0.728
Truck SUV
M5
1988
292
0.340
23.8
18.5
22.1
20.0
456.0
390.7
444.3
3299
157
113
13.9
0.741
Truck SUV
M5
1989
209
0.256
22.1
17.0
20.6
18.5
505.7
422.1
479.1
3603
178
125
12.8
0.726
Truck SUV
M5
1990
186
0.289
22.2
17.1
20.4
18.6
499.4
426.4
479.0
3506
171
123
12.0
0.750
Truck SUV
M5
1991
190
0.218
21.5
16.5
19.7
17.9
526.7
444.4
495.7
3802
188
143
11.5
0.774
Truck SUV
M5
1992
136
0.179
21.6
16.4
19.8
17.9
526.5
441.3
495.8
3806
179
137
11.5
0.783
Truck SUV
M5
1993
160
0.191
21.7
16.5
19.8
18.0
527.9
443.6
494.6
3703
191
153
9.9
0.818
Truck SUV
M5
1994
197
0.152
21.4
16.2
19.2
17.6
533.2
455.5
505.1
3679
183
150
10.1
0.826
Truck SUV
M5
1995
239
0.150
21.5
16.3
19.1
17.6
533.3
459.5
503.8
3560
173
144
10.3
0.846
Truck SUV
M5
1996
97
0.061
22.9
17.0
20.6
18.7
508.3
422.3
474.7
3691
182
153
10.5
0.876
Truck SUV
M5
1997
202
0.097
21.9
16.3
19.5
17.8
542.0
453.7
498.9
3654
188
156
10.2
0.840
Truck SUV
M5
1998
160
0.075
22.5
16.7
19.9
18.3
524.5
438.8
486.5
3605
180
157
10.5
0.897
Truck SUV
M5
1999
138
0.059
22.7
16.6
20.1
18.3
523.8
434.8
485.1
3698
179
157
10.5
0.916
Truck SUV
M5
2000
124
0.049
22.3
16.3
19.6
17.9
537.1
445.6
495.4
3796
184
159
10.1
0.897
Truck SUV
M5
2001
102
0.038
22.9
16.6
20.2
18.4
525.3
431.7
483.5
3806
179
165
9.7
0.959
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-141 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
M4
2001
Truck SUV
M4
2002
Truck SUV
M4
2003
Truck SUV
M4
2004
Truck SUV
M4
2005
Truck SUV
M4
2006
Truck SUV
M4
2007
Truck SUV
M4
2008
Truck SUV
M4
2009
Truck SUV
M4
2010
Truck SUV
M4
2011
Truck SUV
M4
2012
Truck SUV
M4
2013
Truck SUV
M4
2014
Truck SUV
M4
2015
Truck SUV
M4
2016
Truck SUV
M4
2017
Truck SUV
M4
2018
Truck SUV
M5
1975
Truck SUV
M5
1976
Truck SUV
M5
1977
Truck SUV
M5
1978
Truck SUV
M5
1979
Truck SUV
M5
1980
Truck SUV
M5
1981
Truck SUV
M5
1982
0.0344
26.5
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
1983
0.0320
32.2
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
1984
0.0306
33.1
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
1985
0.0298
34.0
100.0%
85.5%
12.6%
1.3%
0.7%
Truck SUV
M5
1986
0.0312
34.9
100.0%
56.1%
28.0%
13.8%
2.1%
Truck SUV
M5
1987
0.0334
33.3
100.0%
48.4%
32.6%
18.9%
0.1%
Truck SUV
M5
1988
0.0337
32.9
100.0%
40.0%
47.9%
12.1%
Truck SUV
M5
1989
0.0347
33.5
99.1%
0.9%
16.2%
48.1%
35.7%
Truck SUV
M5
1990
0.0350
32.6
99.6%
0.4%
10.4%
53.3%
36.3%
Truck SUV
M5
1991
0.0374
34.1
99.1%
0.9%
75.0%
25.0%
Truck SUV
M5
1992
0.0361
34.1
98.0%
2.0%
70.4%
29.6%
Truck SUV
M5
1993
0.0416
33.3
98.3%
1.7%
90.5%
9.5%
Truck SUV
M5
1994
0.0407
32.4
100.0%
84.4%
15.6%
24.0%
Truck SUV
M5
1995
0.0407
31.4
91.9%
8.1%
95.8%
4.2%
22.8%
Truck SUV
M5
1996
0.0413
34.5
85.8%
14.2%
100.0%
52.9%
Truck SUV
M5
1997
0.0425
32.6
93.1%
6.9%
100.0%
39.3%
Truck SUV
M5
1998
0.0435
33.2
97.9%
2.1%
100.0%
45.7%
Truck SUV
M5
1999
0.0424
34.1
98.0%
2.0%
100.0%
43.8%
Truck SUV
M5
2000
0.0417
34.2
98.6%
1.4%
100.0%
37.1%
Truck SUV
M5
2001
0.0431
35.2
98.1%
1.9%
100.0%
49.6%
11.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-142 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
M5
2002
115
0.032
21.8
15.6
19.5
17.5
557.5
448.1
507.5
4006
192
173
9.7
0.933
Truck SUV
M5
2003
80
0.022
22.5
16.0
19.9
18.0
542.2
436.0
494.5
3797
190
174
9.3
0.956
Truck SUV
M5
2004
85
0.021
22.1
15.6
19.6
17.6
559.0
445.0
503.9
3856
198
179
9.2
0.938
Truck SUV
M5
2005
30
0.009
26.0
18.0
23.1
20.6
488.8
379.0
432.2
3728
157
169
9.4
1.087
Truck SUV
M5
2006
26
0.009
25.1
17.3
22.4
19.9
504.7
389.9
446.9
3906
164
175
9.5
1.084
Truck SUV
M5
2007
22
0.007
27.5
19.0
24.3
21.7
460.9
360.6
409.5
3749
151
177
9.3
1.175
Truck SUV
M5
2008
15
0.005
28.8
19.8
25.3
22.6
440.4
345.9
392.5
3670
43.1
150
171
9.4
1.148
Truck SUV
M5
2009
14
0.008
29.3
20.0
26.0
23.0
441.7
340.6
385.8
3558
43.4
148
177
9.0
1.198
Truck SUV
M5
2010
14
0.006
29.9
20.4
26.6
23.5
434.0
333.5
378.1
3511
43.2
149
170
9.2
1.138
Truck SUV
M5
2011
10
0.003
31.3
21.5
26.7
24.2
412.2
332.1
367.1
3500
43.2
146
169
9.2
1.159
Truck SUV
M5
2012
6
0.002
31.1
21.3
26.8
24.1
417.0
331.4
368.4
3500
43.2
151
171
9.2
1.134
Truck SUV
M5
2013
9
0.003
32.1
21.9
27.7
24.9
405.0
319.8
357.2
3500
43.2
139
161
9.6
1.165
Truck SUV
M5
2014
7
0.002
33.5
22.9
28.6
25.8
388.6
310.1
344.0
3500
43.3
130
156
9.8
1.200
Truck SUV
M5
2015
6
0.001
33.7
22.7
29.3
26.0
391.0
303.0
341.2
3500
43.1
127
153
10.0
1.205
Truck SUV
M5
2016
7
0.002
33.7
22.7
29.3
26.1
390.7
302.3
340.6
3500
43.1
127
152
10.0
1.206
Truck SUV
M5
2017
7
0.001
33.9
22.9
30.1
26.5
388.7
295.0
335.5
3500
43.2
125
151
10.1
1.208
Truck SUV
M5
2018
Truck SUV
M6
1975
Truck SUV
M6
1976
Truck SUV
M6
1977
Truck SUV
M6
1978
Truck SUV
M6
1979
Truck SUV
M6
1980
Truck SUV
M6
1981
Truck SUV
M6
1982
Truck SUV
M6
1983
Truck SUV
M6
1984
Truck SUV
M6
1985
Truck SUV
M6
1986
Truck SUV
M6
1987
Truck SUV
M6
1988
Truck SUV
M6
1989
Truck SUV
M6
1990
Truck SUV
M6
1991
Truck SUV
M6
1992
Truck SUV
M6
1993
Truck SUV
M6
1994
Truck SUV
M6
1995
Truck SUV
M6
1996
Truck SUV
M6
1997
Truck SUV
M6
1998
Truck SUV
M6
1999
Truck SUV
M6
2000
Truck SUV
M6
2001
Truck SUV
M6
2002
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-143 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
M5
2002
0.0432
35.2
95.8%
4.2%
100.0%
55.5%
14.3%
Truck SUV
M5
2003
0.0459
34.6
5.0%
94.6%
0.4%
100.0%
47.5%
25.4%
Truck SUV
M5
2004
0.0465
34.3
2.2%
94.6%
3.2%
100.0%
47.0%
21.6%
Truck SUV
M5
2005
0.0455
38.5
5.9%
83.4%
10.7%
100.0%
99.8%
45.4%
Truck SUV
M5
2006
0.0451
38.9
6.3%
84.8%
8.9%
100.0%
100.0%
51.6%
Truck SUV
M5
2007
0.0476
40.8
23.7%
73.8%
2.5%
100.0%
92.2%
64.4%
Truck SUV
M5
2008
0.0468
41.8
32.6%
65.9%
1.5%
100.0%
94.7%
72.4%
Truck SUV
M5
2009
0.0499
41.0
16.3%
82.0%
1.8%
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
31.7%
Truck SUV
M5
2010
0.0483
41.4
16.5%
82.4%
1.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
2011
0.0482
42.4
25.2%
72.9%
1.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
2012
0.0488
42.2
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
2013
0.0459
43.6
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
2014
0.0446
45.2
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
2015
0.0437
45.6
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
2016
0.0436
45.7
100.0%
18.6%
81.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
2017
0.0431
46.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M5
2018
Truck SUV
M6
1975
Truck SUV
M6
1976
Truck SUV
M6
1977
Truck SUV
M6
1978
Truck SUV
M6
1979
Truck SUV
M6
1980
Truck SUV
M6
1981
Truck SUV
M6
1982
Truck SUV
M6
1983
Truck SUV
M6
1984
Truck SUV
M6
1985
Truck SUV
M6
1986
Truck SUV
M6
1987
Truck SUV
M6
1988
Truck SUV
M6
1989
Truck SUV
M6
1990
Truck SUV
M6
1991
Truck SUV
M6
1992
Truck SUV
M6
1993
Truck SUV
M6
1994
Truck SUV
M6
1995
Truck SUV
M6
1996
Truck SUV
M6
1997
Truck SUV
M6
1998
Truck SUV
M6
1999
Truck SUV
M6
2000
Truck SUV
M6
2001
Truck SUV
M6
2002
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-144 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
M6
2003
Truck SUV
M6
2004
6
0.001
22.3
14.8
22.0
18.2
596.6
403.3
489.3
4253
177
219
8.3
1.232
Truck SUV
M6
2005
44
0.013
19.9
13.9
17.8
15.9
631.3
496.5
558.4
3752
229
192
8.3
0.849
Truck SUV
M6
2006
45
0.015
19.3
13.6
17.2
15.4
647.3
514.9
576.9
3986
229
193
8.6
0.852
Truck SUV
M6
2007
47
0.014
20.5
14.5
18.0
16.3
611.7
492.8
545.3
4294
234
209
8.6
0.894
Truck SUV
M6
2008
38
0.012
21.4
15.0
18.8
17.0
591.2
470.9
523.6
4261
42.0
231
201
8.8
0.870
Truck SUV
M6
2009
6
0.004
21.5
15.1
19.0
17.1
586.8
462.9
519.9
4492
42.1
225
203
8.9
0.924
Truck SUV
M6
2010
28
0.012
22.1
15.1
20.4
17.7
580.9
429.9
500.7
4104
42.2
220
200
8.6
0.927
Truck SUV
M6
2011
26
0.009
22.5
15.4
20.9
18.1
570.3
421.2
490.7
4097
46.3
218
200
8.6
0.931
Truck SUV
M6
2012
39
0.014
23.8
16.4
21.4
18.9
540.1
414.1
470.1
4153
44.7
215
272
7.2
1.263
Truck SUV
M6
2013
31
0.009
24.1
16.7
21.7
19.2
529.2
406.7
463.4
4134
44.9
212
268
7.3
1.259
Truck SUV
M6
2014
37
0.010
24.8
17.1
22.2
19.7
509.8
393.2
451.5
4119
45.7
206
252
7.6
1.215
Truck SUV
M6
2015
42
0.009
25.1
17.3
22.5
19.9
503.4
387.4
447.0
4100
45.2
201
254
7.5
1.285
Truck SUV
M6
2016
35
0.007
25.1
17.3
22.5
19.9
502.7
385.8
446.2
4129
46.1
197
256
7.6
1.321
Truck SUV
M6
2017
28
0.005
25.2
17.3
22.7
20.0
503.8
382.2
444.4
4106
46.0
198
254
7.6
1.294
Truck SUV
M6
2018
-
0.012
29.1
19.5
26.4
22.9
445.7
330.4
387.9
3900
45.5
169
220
8.2
1.337
Truck SUV
OT
1975
Truck SUV
OT
1976
Truck SUV
OT
1977
Truck SUV
OT
1978
Truck SUV
OT
1979
Truck SUV
OT
1980
Truck SUV
OT
1981
Truck SUV
OT
1982
Truck SUV
OT
1983
1
0.004
13.7
10.6
13.3
11.6
839.7
669.0
762.9
5000
318
160
14.4
0.503
Truck SUV
OT
1984
Truck SUV
OT
1985
Truck SUV
OT
1986
Truck SUV
OT
1987
Truck SUV
OT
1988
Truck SUV
OT
1989
Truck SUV
OT
1990
Truck SUV
OT
1991
Truck SUV
OT
1992
Truck SUV
OT
1993
Truck SUV
OT
1994
Truck SUV
OT
1995
Truck SUV
OT
1996
Truck SUV
OT
1997
Truck SUV
OT
1998
Truck SUV
OT
1999
Truck SUV
OT
2000
Truck SUV
OT
2001
Truck SUV
OT
2002
Truck SUV
OT
2003
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-145 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
M6
2003
Truck SUV
M6
2004
0.0518
38.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M6
2005
0.0513
30.1
100.0%
100.0%
19.2%
9.1%
Truck SUV
M6
2006
0.0481
30.9
100.0%
100.0%
21.8%
9.7%
Truck SUV
M6
2007
0.0487
35.0
98.2%
1.8%
100.0%
33.1%
33.1%
Truck SUV
M6
2008
0.0472
36.2
95.5%
4.5%
0.7%
99.3%
12.8%
12.8%
Truck SUV
M6
2009
0.0451
38.5
6.9%
93.1%
10.6%
89.4%
19.5%
19.5%
Truck SUV
M6
2010
0.0489
36.6
1.4%
98.6%
1.4%
98.6%
23.7%
23.7%
Truck SUV
M6
2011
0.0488
37.2
1.1%
98.9%
1.5%
98.5%
25.9%
25.9%
Truck SUV
M6
2012
0.0655
39.2
100.0%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M6
2013
0.0647
39.7
100.0%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M6
2014
0.0607
40.7
100.0%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M6
2015
0.0614
41.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M6
2016
0.0614
41.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M6
2017
0.0612
41.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
M6
2018
0.0557
44.9
100.0%
13.6%
86.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
OT
1975
Truck SUV
OT
1976
Truck SUV
OT
1977
Truck SUV
OT
1978
Truck SUV
OT
1979
Truck SUV
OT
1980
Truck SUV
OT
1981
Truck SUV
OT
1982
Truck SUV
OT
1983
0.0320
29.1
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
OT
1984
Truck SUV
OT
1985
Truck SUV
OT
1986
Truck SUV
OT
1987
Truck SUV
OT
1988
Truck SUV
OT
1989
Truck SUV
OT
1990
Truck SUV
OT
1991
Truck SUV
OT
1992
Truck SUV
OT
1993
Truck SUV
OT
1994
Truck SUV
OT
1995
Truck SUV
OT
1996
Truck SUV
OT
1997
Truck SUV
OT
1998
Truck SUV
OT
1999
Truck SUV
OT
2000
Truck SUV
OT
2001
Truck SUV
OT
2002
Truck SUV
OT
2003
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-146 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
OT
2004
Truck SUV
OT
2005
Truck SUV
OT
2006
Truck SUV
OT
2007
Truck SUV
OT
2008
Truck SUV
OT
2009
Truck SUV
OT
2010
Truck SUV
OT
2011
Truck SUV
OT
2012
Truck SUV
OT
2013
Truck SUV
OT
2014
Truck SUV
OT
2015
l
0.000
37.5
27.0
26.1
26.5
329.2
340.7
335.8
6000
51.8
183
416
5.2
2.272
Truck SUV
OT
2016
10
0.002
54.3
38.9
41.9
40.6
227.9
211.6
219.1
5510
52.3
136
277
6.2
2.072
Truck SUV
OT
2017
10
0.002
53.9
38.5
41.6
40.2
230.1
213.6
221.1
5520
52.4
137
283
6.6
2.098
Truck SUV
OT
2018
-
0.004
45.3
32.4
29.7
30.8
196.3
265.2
240.0
5296
50.7
126
259
6.5
2.066
Pickup
A3
1975
Pickup
A3
1976
Pickup
A3
1977
Pickup
A3
1978
Pickup
A3
1979
1297
0.588
14.0
11.6
12.3
11.9
747.1
693.4
749.2
4448
331
149
14.8
0.456
Pickup
A3
1980
277
0.193
17.3
14.0
15.5
14.7
607.5
555.1
606.0
3944
278
129
15.6
0.492
Pickup
A3
1981
207
0.144
17.6
14.2
16.0
15.0
606.3
541.3
593.4
3968
288
125
15.8
0.455
Pickup
A3
1982
196
0.136
17.1
13.9
15.3
14.5
620.3
554.6
613.1
3987
292
129
16.4
0.459
Pickup
A3
1983
240
0.147
17.9
14.4
16.3
15.2
582.6
509.7
585.0
3705
248
116
15.9
0.502
Pickup
A3
1984
297
0.146
17.1
13.8
15.6
14.6
618.4
541.6
610.7
3855
269
130
15.2
0.501
Pickup
A3
1985
268
0.129
16.5
13.4
14.9
14.0
644.1
581.7
634.3
4106
306
154
13.6
0.507
Pickup
A3
1986
237
0.093
17.7
14.3
15.9
14.9
599.0
542.7
594.5
4023
288
145
13.4
0.516
Pickup
A3
1987
200
0.093
16.7
13.4
15.1
14.1
650.7
578.7
628.9
4318
303
157
13.2
0.522
Pickup
A3
1988
199
0.081
16.8
13.3
15.2
14.1
655.2
578.1
628.5
4441
309
168
12.9
0.546
Pickup
A3
1989
101
0.045
16.0
12.7
14.4
13.4
689.3
606.9
661.3
4501
319
170
12.5
0.533
Pickup
A3
1990
47
0.026
16.4
13.0
14.6
13.7
648.7
579.2
647.9
4323
328
183
11.0
0.566
Pickup
A3
1991
Pickup
A3
1992
Pickup
A3
1993
Pickup
A3
1994
Pickup
A3
1995
Pickup
A3
1996
Pickup
A3
1997
Pickup
A3
1998
Pickup
A3
1999
Pickup
A3
2000
Pickup
A3
2001
Pickup
A3
2002
Pickup
A3
2003
Pickup
A3
2004
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-147 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
OT
2004
Truck SUV
OT
2005
Truck SUV
OT
2006
Truck SUV
OT
2007
Truck SUV
OT
2008
Truck SUV
OT
2009
Truck SUV
OT
2010
Truck SUV
OT
2011
Truck SUV
OT
2012
Truck SUV
OT
2013
Truck SUV
OT
2014
Truck SUV
OT
2015
0.0693
79.4
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
OT
2016
0.0503
111.9
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
OT
2017
0.0512
111.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
OT
2018
0.0488
82.2
100.0%
95.2%
4.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A3
1975
Pickup
A3
1976
Pickup
A3
1977
Pickup
A3
1978
Pickup
A3
1979
0.0336
27.1
7.5%
92.5%
95.8%
4.2%
Pickup
A3
1980
0.0327
29.1
0.6%
15.9%
83.5%
99.4%
0.6%
Pickup
A3
1981
0.0315
29.9
10.5%
89.5%
100.0%
Pickup
A3
1982
0.0325
29.3
3.7%
14.1%
82.2%
100.0%
Pickup
A3
1983
0.0313
28.7
5.7%
18.6%
75.7%
99.8%
0.1%
0.1%
Pickup
A3
1984
0.0334
28.4
1.2%
30.9%
67.9%
99.5%
0.5%
Pickup
A3
1985
0.0372
29.1
22.4%
77.6%
97.5%
2.3%
0.2%
Pickup
A3
1986
0.0358
30.4
19.7%
80.3%
91.0%
8.9%
0.1%
Pickup
A3
1987
0.0363
30.7
25.5%
74.5%
34.0%
44.4%
21.6%
Pickup
A3
1988
0.0380
31.6
31.0%
69.0%
2.0%
44.5%
53.5%
Pickup
A3
1989
0.0378
30.5
37.7%
62.3%
56.4%
43.6%
Pickup
A3
1990
0.0422
30.9
12.2%
87.8%
2.5%
97.5%
Pickup
A3
1991
Pickup
A3
1992
Pickup
A3
1993
Pickup
A3
1994
Pickup
A3
1995
Pickup
A3
1996
Pickup
A3
1997
Pickup
A3
1998
Pickup
A3
1999
Pickup
A3
2000
Pickup
A3
2001
Pickup
A3
2002
Pickup
A3
2003
Pickup
A3
2004
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-148 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
A3
2005
Pickup
A3
2006
Pickup
A3
2007
Pickup
A3
2008
Pickup
A3
2009
Pickup
A3
2010
Pickup
A3
2011
Pickup
A3
2012
Pickup
A3
2013
Pickup
A3
2014
Pickup
A3
2015
Pickup
A3
2016
Pickup
A3
2017
Pickup
A3
2018
Pickup
A4
1975
Pickup
A4
1976
Pickup
A4
1977
Pickup
A4
1978
Pickup
A4
1979
Pickup
A4
1980
Pickup
A4
1981
6
0.004
26.5
21.5
23.9
22.5
413.9
372.2
395.4
2750
144
98
15.2
0.681
Pickup
A4
1982
42
0.029
19.6
15.2
19.2
16.7
567.8
458.9
530.8
3715
262
131
15.3
0.525
Pickup
A4
1983
9
0.006
26.6
22.0
23.1
22.5
403.3
383.7
394.8
2788
144
99
14.9
0.685
Pickup
A4
1984
27
0.013
24.6
20.6
21.0
20.8
430.9
421.8
427.5
2809
144
100
14.8
0.694
Pickup
A4
1985
38
0.018
25.1
21.0
21.6
21.3
421.2
400.6
418.0
3019
144
107
14.5
0.741
Pickup
A4
1986
47
0.019
23.4
19.6
19.8
19.7
445.6
428.1
451.2
3134
144
107
14.1
0.745
Pickup
A4
1987
72
0.034
26.1
21.1
23.0
22.0
415.3
373.1
404.6
3040
142
103
14.6
0.725
Pickup
A4
1988
53
0.022
24.7
20.1
21.3
20.6
435.9
404.2
430.6
3112
142
109
14.4
0.765
Pickup
A4
1989
35
0.016
27.1
21.5
23.9
22.6
411.2
370.2
393.5
3024
141
109
13.7
0.773
Pickup
A4
1990
32
0.018
17.8
13.8
16.2
14.9
579.3
508.3
597.9
4047
259
153
11.7
0.635
Pickup
A4
1991
27
0.014
20.0
15.7
17.8
16.6
519.2
466.4
534.4
3683
213
135
12.3
0.684
Pickup
A4
1992
16
0.009
24.8
19.5
21.5
20.4
444.0
404.1
434.9
3105
156
118
12.2
0.767
Pickup
A4
1993
16
0.008
26.3
20.2
23.2
21.6
440.3
382.7
411.3
3000
144
112
11.5
0.778
Pickup
A4
1994
25
0.010
26.3
20.0
23.1
21.5
443.4
384.3
413.3
3000
144
112
11.4
0.778
Pickup
A4
1995
20
0.009
26.3
20.0
22.9
21.4
444.8
388.1
415.6
3000
147
132
10.5
0.897
Pickup
A4
1996
27
0.014
25.9
19.5
22.7
21.0
456.3
392.3
422.9
3000
149
142
10.4
0.953
Pickup
A4
1997
Pickup
A4
1998
37
0.015
26.5
19.7
22.9
21.3
451.0
387.6
417.2
3000
149
142
10.7
0.953
Pickup
A4
1999
24
0.009
26.5
19.6
22.8
21.2
453.9
389.0
419.0
3000
149
142
10.7
0.953
Pickup
A4
2000
21
0.008
26.2
19.4
22.4
20.9
458.3
397.6
425.3
3000
149
142
10.2
0.953
Pickup
A4
2001
21
0.008
26.0
19.2
22.0
20.6
463.8
404.4
431.2
3214
149
142
10.4
0.953
Pickup
A4
2002
21
0.009
27.0
19.5
23.1
21.3
456.9
384.7
416.9
3238
149
142
10.6
0.953
Pickup
A4
2003
22
0.009
27.0
19.3
23.0
21.2
459.9
386.3
418.7
3234
149
142
10.6
0.953
Pickup
A4
2004
24
0.009
27.0
19.2
22.9
21.1
462.8
387.6
420.3
3216
149
142
10.5
0.953
Pickup
A4
2005
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-149 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
A3
2005
Pickup
A3
2006
Pickup
A3
2007
Pickup
A3
2008
Pickup
A3
2009
Pickup
A3
2010
Pickup
A3
2011
Pickup
A3
2012
Pickup
A3
2013
Pickup
A3
2014
Pickup
A3
2015
Pickup
A3
2016
Pickup
A3
2017
Pickup
A3
2018
Pickup
A4
1975
Pickup
A4
1976
Pickup
A4
1977
Pickup
A4
1978
Pickup
A4
1979
Pickup
A4
1980
Pickup
A4
1981
0.0356
30.9
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
1982
0.0353
31.0
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
1983
0.0354
31.4
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
1984
0.0356
29.3
100.0%
82.9%
17.1%
Pickup
A4
1985
0.0354
32.3
100.0%
71.6%
28.4%
Pickup
A4
1986
0.0346
31.2
100.0%
66.5%
33.5%
Pickup
A4
1987
0.0340
33.7
5.3%
94.7%
90.3%
9.7%
Pickup
A4
1988
0.0351
32.5
7.2%
92.8%
45.7%
54.3%
Pickup
A4
1989
0.0361
34.3
4.9%
95.1%
38.1%
61.9%
Pickup
A4
1990
0.0379
30.9
37.1%
62.9%
37.7%
62.3%
Pickup
A4
1991
0.0369
31.2
28.4%
71.6%
61.7%
38.3%
Pickup
A4
1992
0.0377
32.0
3.9%
96.1%
96.0%
4.0%
Pickup
A4
1993
0.0373
32.4
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
1994
0.0373
32.3
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
1995
0.0442
32.1
100.0%
100.0%
68.2%
Pickup
A4
1996
0.0473
31.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
1997
Pickup
A4
1998
0.0473
32.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
1999
0.0473
31.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
2000
0.0473
31.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
2001
0.0444
33.1
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
2002
0.0441
34.5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
2003
0.0442
34.3
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
2004
0.0444
34.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
A4
2005
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-150 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
A4
2006
Pickup
A4
2007
Pickup
A4
2008
Pickup
A4
2009
Pickup
A4
2010
Pickup
A4
2011
Pickup
A4
2012
Pickup
A4
2013
Pickup
A4
2014
Pickup
A4
2015
Pickup
A4
2016
Pickup
A4
2017
Pickup
A4
2018
Pickup
CVT
1975
Pickup
CVT
1976
Pickup
CVT
1977
Pickup
CVT
1978
Pickup
CVT
1979
Pickup
CVT
1980
Pickup
CVT
1981
Pickup
CVT
1982
Pickup
CVT
1983
Pickup
CVT
1984
Pickup
CVT
1985
Pickup
CVT
1986
Pickup
CVT
1987
Pickup
CVT
1988
Pickup
CVT
1989
Pickup
CVT
1990
Pickup
CVT
1991
Pickup
CVT
1992
Pickup
CVT
1993
Pickup
CVT
1994
Pickup
CVT
1995
Pickup
CVT
1996
Pickup
CVT
1997
Pickup
CVT
1998
Pickup
CVT
1999
Pickup
CVT
2000
Pickup
CVT
2001
Pickup
CVT
2002
Pickup
CVT
2003
Pickup
CVT
2004
Pickup
CVT
2005
Pickup
CVT
2006
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-151 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
A4
2006
Pickup
A4
2007
Pickup
A4
2008
Pickup
A4
2009
Pickup
A4
2010
Pickup
A4
2011
Pickup
A4
2012
Pickup
A4
2013
Pickup
A4
2014
Pickup
A4
2015
Pickup
A4
2016
Pickup
A4
2017
Pickup
A4
2018
Pickup
CVT
1975
Pickup
CVT
1976
Pickup
CVT
1977
Pickup
CVT
1978
Pickup
CVT
1979
Pickup
CVT
1980
Pickup
CVT
1981
Pickup
CVT
1982
Pickup
CVT
1983
Pickup
CVT
1984
Pickup
CVT
1985
Pickup
CVT
1986
Pickup
CVT
1987
Pickup
CVT
1988
Pickup
CVT
1989
Pickup
CVT
1990
Pickup
CVT
1991
Pickup
CVT
1992
Pickup
CVT
1993
Pickup
CVT
1994
Pickup
CVT
1995
Pickup
CVT
1996
Pickup
CVT
1997
Pickup
CVT
1998
Pickup
CVT
1999
Pickup
CVT
2000
Pickup
CVT
2001
Pickup
CVT
2002
Pickup
CVT
2003
Pickup
CVT
2004
Pickup
CVT
2005
Pickup
CVT
2006
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-152 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
CVT
2007
Pickup
CVT
2008
Pickup
CVT
2009
2
0.002
28.3
21.1
21.8
21.5
420.4
407.4
413.0
6000
66.4
364
332
8.2
0.912
Pickup
CVT
2010
1
0.001
27.1
20.3
21.0
20.7
437.0
423.1
429.1
6000
67.4
366
332
6.5
0.907
Pickup
CVT
2011
1
0.001
28.1
19.7
22.8
21.4
450.2
390.2
416.0
6000
67.4
366
332
8.5
0.907
Pickup
CVT
2012
1
0.001
28.2
25.5
32.5
29.1
348.8
273.3
305.8
6000
67.4
366
332
9.2
0.907
Pickup
CVT
2013
1
0.000
28.5
19.8
22.9
21.4
449.8
388.8
415.0
6000
67.4
366
332
8.9
0.907
Pickup
CVT
2014
Pickup
CVT
2015
Pickup
CVT
2016
Pickup
CVT
2017
Pickup
CVT
2018
Pickup
L10
1975
Pickup
L10
1976
Pickup
L10
1977
Pickup
L10
1978
Pickup
L10
1979
Pickup
L10
1980
Pickup
L10
1981
Pickup
L10
1982
Pickup
L10
1983
Pickup
L10
1984
Pickup
L10
1985
Pickup
L10
1986
Pickup
L10
1987
Pickup
L10
1988
Pickup
L10
1989
Pickup
L10
1990
Pickup
L10
1991
Pickup
L10
1992
Pickup
L10
1993
Pickup
L10
1994
Pickup
L10
1995
Pickup
L10
1996
Pickup
L10
1997
Pickup
L10
1998
Pickup
L10
1999
Pickup
L10
2000
Pickup
L10
2001
Pickup
L10
2002
Pickup
L10
2003
Pickup
L10
2004
Pickup
L10
2005
Pickup
L10
2006
Pickup
L10
2007
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-15 3 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
CVT
2007
Pickup
CVT
2008
Pickup
CVT
2009
0.0553
64.6
56.2%
43.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
CVT
2010
0.0553
62.1
37.4%
62.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
CVT
2011
0.0553
64.1
61.5%
38.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
CVT
2012
0.0553
87.2
57.1%
42.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
CVT
2013
0.0553
64.2
65.2%
34.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
CVT
2014
Pickup
CVT
2015
Pickup
CVT
2016
Pickup
CVT
2017
Pickup
CVT
2018
Pickup
L10
1975
Pickup
L10
1976
Pickup
L10
1977
Pickup
L10
1978
Pickup
L10
1979
Pickup
L10
1980
Pickup
L10
1981
Pickup
L10
1982
Pickup
L10
1983
Pickup
L10
1984
Pickup
L10
1985
Pickup
L10
1986
Pickup
L10
1987
Pickup
L10
1988
Pickup
L10
1989
Pickup
L10
1990
Pickup
L10
1991
Pickup
L10
1992
Pickup
L10
1993
Pickup
L10
1994
Pickup
L10
1995
Pickup
L10
1996
Pickup
L10
1997
Pickup
L10
1998
Pickup
L10
1999
Pickup
L10
2000
Pickup
L10
2001
Pickup
L10
2002
Pickup
L10
2003
Pickup
L10
2004
Pickup
L10
2005
Pickup
L10
2006
Pickup
L10
2007
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-154 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
L10
2008
Pickup
L10
2009
Pickup
L10
2010
Pickup
L10
2011
Pickup
L10
2012
Pickup
L10
2013
Pickup
L10
2014
Pickup
L10
2015
Pickup
L10
2016
Pickup
L10
2017
130
0.063
24.5
16.9
22.0
19.5
524.4
401.2
456.7
5153
69.5
214
385
5.8
1.803
Pickup
L10
2018
-
0.267
25.5
17.3
23.0
20.2
513.6
386.0
443.8
5082
68.4
221
386
5.9
1.850
Pickup
L3
1975
Pickup
L3
1976
Pickup
L3
1977
Pickup
L3
1978
Pickup
L3
1979
29
0.013
16.2
13.1
14.6
13.7
674.3
610.1
646.7
4000
291
132
15.1
0.454
Pickup
L3
1980
315
0.219
17.0
13.6
15.7
14.5
655.9
566.6
623.7
4469
313
142
15.4
0.458
Pickup
L3
1981
343
0.238
18.3
14.6
17.0
15.6
609.0
524.6
574.4
4221
290
139
15.1
0.483
Pickup
L3
1982
275
0.191
20.1
15.9
18.9
17.1
550.0
456.7
518.6
3768
245
130
16.2
0.546
Pickup
L3
1983
119
0.073
19.0
15.0
17.8
16.1
586.9
495.0
550.7
4100
277
139
14.8
0.503
Pickup
L3
1984
193
0.095
18.5
14.7
17.2
15.7
598.0
509.5
564.6
4164
276
137
14.9
0.502
Pickup
L3
1985
234
0.113
17.8
14.2
16.3
15.1
612.2
534.9
588.5
4204
279
147
14.0
0.536
Pickup
L3
1986
206
0.081
18.0
14.4
16.4
15.3
607.2
532.7
582.0
4155
279
146
13.4
0.535
Pickup
L3
1987
134
0.063
20.0
15.7
18.5
16.9
560.9
476.0
526.4
3751
251
125
14.4
0.502
Pickup
L3
1988
99
0.040
19.5
15.2
18.1
16.4
580.1
488.2
540.6
3826
247
123
14.9
0.512
Pickup
L3
1989
40
0.018
19.4
15.3
17.5
16.3
569.9
506.5
545.9
3835
230
118
15.1
0.533
Pickup
L3
1990
24
0.013
18.7
14.8
16.6
15.6
589.2
532.6
568.7
3919
242
132
13.3
0.556
Pickup
L3
1991
13
0.007
17.0
13.1
15.6
14.2
674.6
570.4
625.6
4273
294
157
12.2
0.531
Pickup
L3
1992
5
0.003
18.1
14.1
16.1
15.0
632.0
552.5
592.6
4043
239
127
13.3
0.531
Pickup
L3
1993
4
0.002
18.5
14.4
16.4
15.3
617.9
543.4
580.5
4039
239
127
12.4
0.531
Pickup
L3
1994
Pickup
L3
1995
Pickup
L3
1996
Pickup
L3
1997
Pickup
L3
1998
Pickup
L3
1999
Pickup
L3
2000
Pickup
L3
2001
Pickup
L3
2002
Pickup
L3
2003
Pickup
L3
2004
Pickup
L3
2005
Pickup
L3
2006
Pickup
L3
2007
Pickup
L3
2008
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-15 5 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
L10
2008
Pickup
L10
2009
Pickup
L10
2010
Pickup
L10
2011
Pickup
L10
2012
Pickup
L10
2013
Pickup
L10
2014
Pickup
L10
2015
Pickup
L10
2016
Pickup
L10
2017
0.0748
50.2
89.5%
10.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L10
2018
0.0763
51.5
75.2%
24.8%
4.9%
90.1%
5.0%
100.0%
67.9%
Pickup
L3
1975
Pickup
L3
1976
Pickup
L3
1977
Pickup
L3
1978
Pickup
L3
1979
0.0330
27.5
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L3
1980
0.0320
33.0
17.8%
82.2%
84.8%
15.2%
Pickup
L3
1981
0.0331
33.1
10.4%
89.6%
93.8%
6.2%
Pickup
L3
1982
0.0346
32.2
5.9%
94.1%
100.0%
Pickup
L3
1983
0.0338
33.1
3.0%
97.0%
99.2%
0.2%
0.6%
Pickup
L3
1984
0.0328
32.8
1.1%
98.9%
99.8%
0.1%
0.1%
Pickup
L3
1985
0.0350
31.8
0.1%
99.9%
97.5%
2.5%
Pickup
L3
1986
0.0350
31.7
3.8%
96.2%
96.7%
3.3%
Pickup
L3
1987
0.0334
31.8
21.6%
78.4%
95.1%
4.9%
Pickup
L3
1988
0.0322
31.4
13.1%
86.9%
0.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L3
1989
0.0304
31.3
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L3
1990
0.0334
30.7
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L3
1991
0.0366
30.4
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L3
1992
0.0314
30.3
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L3
1993
0.0315
30.9
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L3
1994
Pickup
L3
1995
Pickup
L3
1996
Pickup
L3
1997
Pickup
L3
1998
Pickup
L3
1999
Pickup
L3
2000
Pickup
L3
2001
Pickup
L3
2002
Pickup
L3
2003
Pickup
L3
2004
Pickup
L3
2005
Pickup
L3
2006
Pickup
L3
2007
Pickup
L3
2008
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-156 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
L3
2009
Pickup
L3
2010
Pickup
L3
2011
Pickup
L3
2012
Pickup
L3
2013
Pickup
L3
2014
Pickup
L3
2015
Pickup
L3
2016
Pickup
L3
2017
Pickup
L3
2018
Pickup
L4
1975
Pickup
L4
1976
Pickup
L4
1977
Pickup
L4
1978
Pickup
L4
1979
Pickup
L4
1980
Pickup
L4
1981
53
0.037
18.0
13.8
18.0
15.4
645.1
492.9
576.9
4030
302
142
14.0
0.470
Pickup
L4
1982
150
0.104
20.2
15.8
19.2
17.2
591.2
488.5
546.1
4713
324
149
15.9
0.465
Pickup
L4
1983
337
0.207
20.2
15.6
19.5
17.2
564.2
447.6
522.7
4134
274
138
14.4
0.524
Pickup
L4
1984
405
0.198
19.8
15.3
19.4
16.9
577.9
449.9
529.6
4115
269
135
14.5
0.521
Pickup
L4
1985
465
0.224
20.5
15.7
20.2
17.5
554.6
430.4
510.5
3914
244
131
14.3
0.558
Pickup
L4
1986
564
0.223
20.2
15.6
19.6
17.2
559.5
443.8
517.2
3966
248
140
13.2
0.593
Pickup
L4
1987
485
0.226
20.5
15.6
20.1
17.4
559.2
430.1
511.4
3855
240
149
12.9
0.645
Pickup
L4
1988
855
0.348
19.6
14.8
19.1
16.6
589.0
455.1
536.2
4092
279
164
12.5
0.606
Pickup
L4
1989
886
0.397
19.4
14.7
18.7
16.4
595.2
465.5
543.5
4108
284
167
11.9
0.599
Pickup
L4
1990
890
0.485
19.1
14.3
18.5
16.0
611.8
472.2
554.7
4266
290
170
11.2
0.601
Pickup
L4
1991
877
0.457
19.6
14.6
18.9
16.4
596.4
459.5
541.9
4139
282
167
11.3
0.607
Pickup
L4
1992
954
0.518
19.1
14.1
18.5
16.0
620.3
472.7
557.2
4307
288
168
11.2
0.594
Pickup
L4
1993
1103
0.551
19.3
14.2
18.6
16.1
614.6
469.5
550.7
4337
287
176
10.2
0.622
Pickup
L4
1994
1575
0.590
19.3
14.1
18.5
16.0
617.5
473.6
554.0
4342
290
184
9.9
0.648
Pickup
L4
1995
1350
0.595
18.7
13.6
17.8
15.5
641.0
489.9
573.7
4458
296
186
10.2
0.642
Pickup
L4
1996
1251
0.640
19.2
13.9
18.3
15.9
626.6
476.5
560.4
4459
288
199
10.3
0.702
Pickup
L4
1997
1748
0.726
19.3
13.8
18.4
15.9
632.8
477.5
558.7
4649
291
213
10.0
0.740
Pickup
L4
1998
1660
0.687
19.4
13.8
18.5
16.0
630.1
471.9
555.9
4534
282
208
10.4
0.749
Pickup
L4
1999
2008
0.789
19.2
13.7
18.0
15.7
640.5
487.9
566.2
4675
286
218
10.2
0.768
Pickup
L4
2000
2096
0.803
19.9
14.2
18.5
16.2
619.8
475.7
547.8
4472
270
214
9.7
0.798
Pickup
L4
2001
1982
0.787
19.0
13.5
17.7
15.5
651.0
498.5
573.8
4741
287
229
9.3
0.803
Pickup
L4
2002
1902
0.799
18.9
13.4
17.4
15.3
658.5
508.8
580.0
4887
288
240
9.3
0.834
Pickup
L4
2003
1674
0.677
19.6
13.8
17.9
15.8
638.9
491.3
562.0
4750
277
234
9.4
0.845
Pickup
L4
2004
1771
0.707
19.5
13.7
17.7
15.7
646.3
497.7
566.2
5083
291
256
9.1
0.880
Pickup
L4
2005
1398
0.608
19.7
13.6
18.1
15.8
649.4
486.4
561.2
5167
293
264
9.0
0.905
Pickup
L4
2006
1299
0.594
19.8
13.7
18.1
15.9
644.2
484.8
558.7
5159
291
261
9.1
0.901
Pickup
L4
2007
1298
0.614
19.9
13.7
18.4
16.0
644.5
479.6
553.8
5286
296
269
9.1
0.909
Pickup
L4
2008
1056
0.589
20.4
13.9
18.9
16.4
633.5
467.1
542.2
5299
64.2
294
268
9.2
0.910
Pickup
L4
2009
343
0.347
21.2
14.6
19.4
17.0
605.6
453.4
523.2
5119
63.4
281
261
9.0
0.929
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-157 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
L3
2009
Pickup
L3
2010
Pickup
L3
2011
Pickup
L3
2012
Pickup
L3
2013
Pickup
L3
2014
Pickup
L3
2015
Pickup
L3
2016
Pickup
L3
2017
Pickup
L3
2018
Pickup
L4
1975
Pickup
L4
1976
Pickup
L4
1977
Pickup
L4
1978
Pickup
L4
1979
Pickup
L4
1980
Pickup
L4
1981
0.0353
31.0
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L4
1982
0.0321
41.0
19.3%
80.7%
58.0%
42.0%
Pickup
L4
1983
0.0336
35.8
20.1%
79.9%
91.7%
8.3%
Pickup
L4
1984
0.0328
34.9
23.3%
76.7%
95.0%
5.0%
Pickup
L4
1985
0.0336
34.2
29.6%
70.4%
72.8%
20.0%
4.9%
2.3%
Pickup
L4
1986
0.0355
34.1
31.8%
68.2%
30.1%
46.6%
22.2%
1.1%
Pickup
L4
1987
0.0384
33.5
0.1%
28.0%
71.9%
5.2%
28.5%
65.7%
0.5%
Pickup
L4
1988
0.0400
33.9
0.0%
31.9%
68.1%
1.2%
26.6%
71.8%
0.5%
Pickup
L4
1989
0.0406
33.6
30.2%
69.8%
1.5%
24.9%
73.3%
0.4%
Pickup
L4
1990
0.0400
34.2
29.7%
70.3%
1.0%
44.8%
53.9%
0.3%
Pickup
L4
1991
0.0405
34.1
27.6%
72.4%
0.7%
38.5%
60.5%
0.3%
Pickup
L4
1992
0.0392
34.4
28.5%
71.5%
0.4%
52.5%
46.9%
0.2%
Pickup
L4
1993
0.0406
35.1
0.0%
29.8%
70.2%
0.3%
51.6%
48.1%
Pickup
L4
1994
0.0424
34.9
32.5%
67.5%
56.6%
43.4%
1.2%
Pickup
L4
1995
0.0417
34.6
39.8%
60.2%
59.5%
40.5%
3.0%
Pickup
L4
1996
0.0444
35.5
34.1%
65.9%
99.7%
0.3%
5.3%
Pickup
L4
1997
0.0457
37.0
39.8%
60.2%
99.9%
0.1%
2.8%
Pickup
L4
1998
0.0456
36.2
38.5%
61.5%
99.9%
0.1%
4.1%
Pickup
L4
1999
0.0464
36.6
48.6%
51.4%
100.0%
0.0%
4.0%
Pickup
L4
2000
0.0473
36.2
40.7%
59.3%
100.0%
10.2%
Pickup
L4
2001
0.0481
36.7
41.3%
58.7%
100.0%
10.0%
Pickup
L4
2002
0.0490
37.4
44.4%
55.6%
100.0%
14.5%
Pickup
L4
2003
0.0488
37.5
42.1%
57.9%
100.0%
13.4%
Pickup
L4
2004
0.0503
39.8
48.7%
51.3%
100.0%
38.6%
26.2%
0.0%
Pickup
L4
2005
0.0512
40.8
48.6%
51.4%
100.0%
36.1%
35.6%
0.1%
Pickup
L4
2006
0.0506
40.9
45.5%
54.5%
100.0%
36.9%
36.5%
0.2%
Pickup
L4
2007
0.0507
42.4
44.2%
55.8%
100.0%
24.0%
31.7%
0.0%
Pickup
L4
2008
0.0504
43.4
47.0%
53.0%
100.0%
23.4%
28.0%
Pickup
L4
2009
0.0508
43.4
41.5%
58.5%
100.0%
15.9%
16.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-15 8 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
L4
2010
210
0.165
21.4
14.7
19.7
17.2
597.3
444.6
516.5
4945
61.6
259
242
9.4
0.940
Pickup
L4
2011
206
0.139
21.5
14.8
19.9
17.3
591.1
440.9
512.7
4868
61.2
252
239
9.5
0.950
Pickup
L4
2012
184
0.136
22.7
15.6
20.8
18.2
560.5
422.8
489.1
4611
56.5
236
230
9.5
0.978
Pickup
L4
2013
126
0.080
22.6
15.5
20.2
17.9
558.2
433.3
496.1
4714
59.4
239
223
9.9
0.933
Pickup
L4
2014
37
0.019
28.1
19.2
23.4
21.4
462.2
378.2
415.0
3860
52.4
164
159
10.9
0.967
Pickup
L4
2015
38
0.022
27.8
19.0
23.4
21.3
467.1
379.7
417.9
4000
55.7
164
159
11.1
0.967
Pickup
L4
2016
Pickup
L4
2017
Pickup
L4
2018
Pickup
L5
1975
Pickup
L5
1976
Pickup
L5
1977
Pickup
L5
1978
Pickup
L5
1979
Pickup
L5
1980
Pickup
L5
1981
Pickup
L5
1982
Pickup
L5
1983
Pickup
L5
1984
Pickup
L5
1985
Pickup
L5
1986
Pickup
L5
1987
Pickup
L5
1988
Pickup
L5
1989
Pickup
L5
1990
Pickup
L5
1991
Pickup
L5
1992
Pickup
L5
1993
Pickup
L5
1994
Pickup
L5
1995
Pickup
L5
1996
Pickup
L5
1997
51
0.021
21.1
15.1
20.0
17.3
588.0
443.2
512.6
3974
244
160
10.7
0.656
Pickup
L5
1998
58
0.024
21.1
15.2
19.6
17.2
585.6
452.7
515.5
3843
244
160
10.8
0.656
Pickup
L5
1999
67
0.026
20.5
14.7
18.9
16.7
603.8
469.6
532.5
3949
244
160
10.9
0.656
Pickup
L5
2000
60
0.023
20.0
14.3
18.4
16.3
619.5
482.1
545.8
3948
244
160
10.5
0.656
Pickup
L5
2001
213
0.085
21.0
14.9
19.4
17.0
595.9
455.7
521.6
3834
207
173
9.9
0.831
Pickup
L5
2002
230
0.097
21.1
14.8
19.4
17.0
594.9
455.0
522.0
3882
205
171
10.2
0.835
Pickup
L5
2003
522
0.211
19.4
13.6
17.8
15.7
642.0
493.7
567.5
4695
262
218
9.5
0.834
Pickup
L5
2004
537
0.214
18.6
13.0
17.2
15.1
675.6
510.0
590.3
4846
280
253
8.9
0.890
Pickup
L5
2005
771
0.335
19.3
13.4
17.7
15.5
655.5
497.2
571.9
4810
279
261
8.5
0.934
Pickup
L5
2006
754
0.345
20.2
14.0
18.4
16.2
630.0
479.4
549.5
4783
268
257
8.6
0.962
Pickup
L5
2007
575
0.272
20.2
13.9
18.6
16.2
629.1
475.0
547.0
4835
265
254
8.9
0.963
Pickup
L5
2008
521
0.290
20.8
14.4
19.0
16.7
604.8
458.8
531.9
4845
59.8
267
277
8.6
1.029
Pickup
L5
2009
277
0.280
21.2
14.5
19.5
17.0
602.4
452.6
523.1
4835
58.2
268
269
8.4
1.005
Pickup
L5
2010
340
0.266
21.2
14.6
19.6
17.1
601.7
451.2
521.1
4775
58.0
267
275
8.4
1.026
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-15 9 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
L4
2010
0.0489
42.5
30.4%
69.6%
100.0%
22.7%
50.6%
Pickup
L4
2011
0.0489
42.1
34.8%
65.2%
100.0%
26.8%
70.6%
Pickup
L4
2012
0.0498
41.8
34.5%
65.5%
100.0%
50.3%
81.1%
Pickup
L4
2013
0.0466
42.1
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
35.9%
74.0%
Pickup
L4
2014
0.0413
41.3
18.3%
81.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L4
2015
0.0398
42.6
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L4
2016
Pickup
L4
2017
Pickup
L4
2018
Pickup
L5
1975
Pickup
L5
1976
Pickup
L5
1977
Pickup
L5
1978
Pickup
L5
1979
Pickup
L5
1980
Pickup
L5
1981
Pickup
L5
1982
Pickup
L5
1983
Pickup
L5
1984
Pickup
L5
1985
Pickup
L5
1986
Pickup
L5
1987
Pickup
L5
1988
Pickup
L5
1989
Pickup
L5
1990
Pickup
L5
1991
Pickup
L5
1992
Pickup
L5
1993
Pickup
L5
1994
Pickup
L5
1995
Pickup
L5
1996
Pickup
L5
1997
0.0403
34.5
42.2%
57.8%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
1998
0.0418
33.1
58.9%
41.1%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
1999
0.0406
32.9
69.3%
30.7%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
2000
0.0406
32.2
71.5%
28.5%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
2001
0.0449
32.7
36.7%
63.3%
100.0%
4.4%
Pickup
L5
2002
0.0439
33.1
40.0%
60.0%
100.0%
8.8%
Pickup
L5
2003
0.0462
36.7
38.3%
61.7%
100.0%
3.9%
Pickup
L5
2004
0.0514
36.4
44.6%
55.4%
100.0%
2.9%
Pickup
L5
2005
0.0541
37.3
45.7%
54.3%
100.0%
45.5%
43.3%
Pickup
L5
2006
0.0536
38.6
48.9%
51.1%
100.0%
66.9%
65.0%
Pickup
L5
2007
0.0524
39.1
47.8%
52.2%
100.0%
57.1%
41.3%
Pickup
L5
2008
0.0563
40.8
46.0%
54.0%
100.0%
58.7%
38.8%
Pickup
L5
2009
0.0550
40.9
51.6%
48.4%
100.0%
54.5%
53.4%
Pickup
L5
2010
0.0568
40.5
52.4%
47.6%
100.0%
55.9%
69.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-160 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
L5
2011
405
0.274
21.3
14.7
19.7
17.2
597.4
448.7
517.6
4729
59.0
268
278
8.4
1.027
Pickup
L5
2012
194
0.143
21.9
15.1
19.9
17.5
582.8
443.8
506.9
4650
57.3
253
257
8.5
1.022
Pickup
L5
2013
194
0.123
23.0
15.9
20.8
18.4
557.0
425.3
483.9
4521
56.8
241
243
8.7
1.014
Pickup
L5
2014
184
0.095
22.8
15.7
20.8
18.3
561.8
425.8
486.7
4554
57.0
242
245
8.7
1.016
Pickup
L5
2015
209
0.117
23.1
16.0
20.9
18.5
552.7
423.3
480.9
4449
56.6
242
241
8.7
0.996
Pickup
L5
2016
95
0.050
23.3
15.8
21.7
18.7
560.1
408.4
474.3
4462
54.5
229
243
8.7
1.057
Pickup
L5
2017
71
0.035
23.3
15.9
21.6
18.7
558.5
411.7
475.9
4417
54.5
221
234
9.0
1.051
Pickup
L5
2018
-
0.063
23.0
15.6
21.4
18.5
568.5
414.3
481.4
4539
54.5
239
254
8.5
1.065
Pickup
L6
1975
Pickup
L6
1976
Pickup
L6
1977
Pickup
L6
1978
Pickup
L6
1979
Pickup
L6
1980
Pickup
L6
1981
Pickup
L6
1982
Pickup
L6
1983
Pickup
L6
1984
Pickup
L6
1985
Pickup
L6
1986
Pickup
L6
1987
Pickup
L6
1988
Pickup
L6
1989
Pickup
L6
1990
Pickup
L6
1991
Pickup
L6
1992
Pickup
L6
1993
Pickup
L6
1994
Pickup
L6
1995
Pickup
L6
1996
Pickup
L6
1997
Pickup
L6
1998
Pickup
L6
1999
Pickup
L6
2000
Pickup
L6
2001
Pickup
L6
2002
Pickup
L6
2003
Pickup
L6
2004
Pickup
L6
2005
Pickup
L6
2006
Pickup
L6
2007
147
0.069
19.2
13.2
17.9
15.5
672.4
496.2
573.4
5752
339
372
7.3
1.094
Pickup
L6
2008
145
0.081
18.9
13.0
17.6
15.2
684.1
504.4
583.0
5848
69.4
346
379
7.3
1.096
Pickup
L6
2009
327
0.330
20.2
13.7
19.1
16.4
645.7
463.7
543.1
5676
66.7
322
316
7.9
0.984
Pickup
L6
2010
694
0.544
20.5
14.0
19.2
16.5
634.3
460.9
537.4
5738
67.3
320
315
8.1
0.983
Pickup
L6
2011
836
0.566
21.2
14.5
20.0
17.2
611.5
442.3
517.9
5674
67.4
300
337
7.7
1.153
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-161 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
L5
2011
0.0577
40.4
56.7%
43.3%
100.0%
51.4%
67.3%
Pickup
L5
2012
0.0553
40.7
60.4%
39.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
2013
0.0538
41.5
59.7%
40.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
2014
0.0538
41.5
58.9%
41.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
2015
0.0541
41.1
57.0%
43.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
2016
0.0542
41.8
41.9%
58.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
2017
0.0525
41.2
39.2%
60.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L5
2018
0.0560
41.9
48.8%
51.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L6
1975
Pickup
L6
1976
Pickup
L6
1977
Pickup
L6
1978
Pickup
L6
1979
Pickup
L6
1980
Pickup
L6
1981
Pickup
L6
1982
Pickup
L6
1983
Pickup
L6
1984
Pickup
L6
1985
Pickup
L6
1986
Pickup
L6
1987
Pickup
L6
1988
Pickup
L6
1989
Pickup
L6
1990
Pickup
L6
1991
Pickup
L6
1992
Pickup
L6
1993
Pickup
L6
1994
Pickup
L6
1995
Pickup
L6
1996
Pickup
L6
1997
Pickup
L6
1998
Pickup
L6
1999
Pickup
L6
2000
Pickup
L6
2001
Pickup
L6
2002
Pickup
L6
2003
Pickup
L6
2004
Pickup
L6
2005
Pickup
L6
2006
Pickup
L6
2007
0.0646
44.6
56.4%
43.6%
100.0%
97.9%
86.9%
Pickup
L6
2008
0.0648
44.6
63.4%
36.6%
100.0%
94.2%
96.4%
Pickup
L6
2009
0.0558
46.4
59.8%
40.2%
100.0%
53.7%
38.7%
Pickup
L6
2010
0.0549
47.5
67.5%
32.5%
100.0%
71.7%
61.4%
Pickup
L6
2011
0.0593
48.8
68.5%
31.5%
13.5%
86.5%
54.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-162 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
L6
2012
958
0.706
20.9
14.3
19.7
16.9
620.9
448.3
525.0
5638
67.4
304
348
7.5
1.173
Pickup
L6
2013
1195
0.758
21.3
14.5
20.1
17.2
610.1
440.3
515.9
5673
67.6
294
354
7.4
1.242
Pickup
L6
2014
1451
0.752
22.3
15.2
20.8
17.9
581.5
423.6
495.3
5628
67.8
299
350
7.5
1.193
Pickup
L6
2015
1265
0.708
23.5
16.0
21.8
18.9
551.3
404.0
471.0
5247
66.9
280
341
7.3
1.272
Pickup
L6
2016
1403
0.736
24.0
16.4
22.0
19.1
537.6
401.4
464.7
5078
64.9
255
326
7.5
1.329
Pickup
L6
2017
1228
0.598
24.1
16.4
22.1
19.2
535.4
399.8
463.0
5145
64.7
265
320
7.6
1.250
Pickup
L6
2018
-
0.395
24.3
16.6
22.1
19.3
529.9
399.2
461.0
5188
64.3
270
312
7.8
1.173
Pickup
L7
1975
Pickup
L7
1976
Pickup
L7
1977
Pickup
L7
1978
Pickup
L7
1979
Pickup
L7
1980
Pickup
L7
1981
Pickup
L7
1982
Pickup
L7
1983
Pickup
L7
1984
Pickup
L7
1985
Pickup
L7
1986
Pickup
L7
1987
Pickup
L7
1988
Pickup
L7
1989
Pickup
L7
1990
Pickup
L7
1991
Pickup
L7
1992
Pickup
L7
1993
Pickup
L7
1994
Pickup
L7
1995
Pickup
L7
1996
Pickup
L7
1997
Pickup
L7
1998
Pickup
L7
1999
Pickup
L7
2000
Pickup
L7
2001
Pickup
L7
2002
Pickup
L7
2003
Pickup
L7
2004
Pickup
L7
2005
Pickup
L7
2006
Pickup
L7
2007
Pickup
L7
2008
Pickup
L7
2009
Pickup
L7
2010
Pickup
L7
2011
Pickup
L7
2012
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-163 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
L6
2012
0.0618
47.9
68.2%
31.8%
14.6%
85.4%
46.9%
96.0%
Pickup
L6
2013
0.0625
49.0
67.5%
32.5%
20.2%
79.8%
58.5%
98.1%
Pickup
L6
2014
0.0621
50.7
66.1%
33.9%
59.9%
40.1%
45.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L6
2015
0.0652
49.7
69.2%
30.8%
75.6%
24.4%
49.5%
89.0%
Pickup
L6
2016
0.0643
48.7
66.4%
33.6%
61.6%
37.4%
0.9%
71.4%
87.9%
Pickup
L6
2017
0.0622
49.5
0.9%
66.8%
32.3%
52.6%
46.4%
1.0%
63.0%
88.3%
Pickup
L6
2018
0.0599
50.2
0.9%
63.1%
36.0%
54.2%
43.1%
2.7%
52.4%
97.3%
Pickup
L7
1975
Pickup
L7
1976
Pickup
L7
1977
Pickup
L7
1978
Pickup
L7
1979
Pickup
L7
1980
Pickup
L7
1981
Pickup
L7
1982
Pickup
L7
1983
Pickup
L7
1984
Pickup
L7
1985
Pickup
L7
1986
Pickup
L7
1987
Pickup
L7
1988
Pickup
L7
1989
Pickup
L7
1990
Pickup
L7
1991
Pickup
L7
1992
Pickup
L7
1993
Pickup
L7
1994
Pickup
L7
1995
Pickup
L7
1996
Pickup
L7
1997
Pickup
L7
1998
Pickup
L7
1999
Pickup
L7
2000
Pickup
L7
2001
Pickup
L7
2002
Pickup
L7
2003
Pickup
L7
2004
Pickup
L7
2005
Pickup
L7
2006
Pickup
L7
2007
Pickup
L7
2008
Pickup
L7
2009
Pickup
L7
2010
Pickup
L7
2011
Pickup
L7
2012
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-164 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
L7
2013
Pickup
L7
2014
Pickup
L7
2015
Pickup
L7
2016
Pickup
L7
2017
51
0.025
22.7
15.3
21.2
IS.2
579.6
41S.7
4SS.0
59S2
66.0
342
391
7.0
1.144
Pickup
L7
201S
-
0.02S
22.7
15.4
21.2
IS.2
577.5
41S.5
4S7.0
5992
66.0
342
390
7.0
1.141
Pickup
LS
1975
Pickup
LS
1976
Pickup
LS
1977
Pickup
LS
197S
Pickup
LS
1979
Pickup
LS
19S0
Pickup
LS
19S1
Pickup
LS
19S2
Pickup
LS
19S3
Pickup
LS
19S4
Pickup
LS
19S5
Pickup
LS
19S6
Pickup
LS
19S7
Pickup
LS
19SS
Pickup
LS
19S9
Pickup
LS
1990
Pickup
LS
1991
Pickup
LS
1992
Pickup
LS
1993
Pickup
LS
1994
Pickup
LS
1995
Pickup
LS
1996
Pickup
LS
1997
Pickup
LS
199S
Pickup
LS
1999
Pickup
LS
2000
Pickup
LS
2001
Pickup
LS
2002
Pickup
LS
2003
Pickup
LS
2004
Pickup
LS
2005
Pickup
LS
2006
Pickup
LS
2007
Pickup
LS
200S
Pickup
LS
2009
Pickup
LS
2010
Pickup
LS
2011
Pickup
LS
2012
Pickup
LS
2013
43
0.027
23.1
15.6
21.9
IS.6
56S.5
403.3
476.6
5367
63.4
293
347
7.0
1.207
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-165 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
L7
2013
Pickup
L7
2014
Pickup
L7
2015
Pickup
L7
2016
Pickup
L7
2017
0.0654
54.5
59.0%
41.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
L7
201S
0.0651
54.7
51.5%
48.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
LS
1975
Pickup
LS
1976
Pickup
LS
1977
Pickup
LS
197S
Pickup
LS
1979
Pickup
LS
19S0
Pickup
LS
19S1
Pickup
LS
19S2
Pickup
LS
19S3
Pickup
LS
19S4
Pickup
LS
19S5
Pickup
LS
19S6
Pickup
LS
19S7
Pickup
LS
19SS
Pickup
LS
19S9
Pickup
LS
1990
Pickup
LS
1991
Pickup
LS
1992
Pickup
LS
1993
Pickup
LS
1994
Pickup
LS
1995
Pickup
LS
1996
Pickup
LS
1997
Pickup
LS
199S
Pickup
LS
1999
Pickup
LS
2000
Pickup
LS
2001
Pickup
LS
2002
Pickup
LS
2003
Pickup
LS
2004
Pickup
LS
2005
Pickup
LS
2006
Pickup
LS
2007
Pickup
LS
200S
Pickup
LS
2009
Pickup
LS
2010
Pickup
LS
2011
Pickup
LS
2012
Pickup
LS
2013
0.0645
50.1
68.5%
31.5%
100.0%
42.9%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-166 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
LS
2014
244
0.127
22.2
15.0
21.0
17.9
5S7.1
420.1
495.4
5651
66.4
317
341
7.2
1.099
Pickup
LS
2015
257
0.144
22.S
15.4
21.6
1S.4
5S3.3
415.S
4S9.2
5577
66.9
314
341
7.3
1.109
Pickup
LS
2016
394
0.207
22.5
15.2
21.3
IS.2
5S7.1
419.5
493.0
5602
66.0
315
341
7.2
1.097
Pickup
LS
2017
556
0.271
22.7
15.3
21.4
IS.2
5S1.0
414.2
4SS.4
5449
65.4
309
359
6.9
1.187
Pickup
LS
201S
-
0.242
23.3
15.7
21.7
IS.7
564.4
407.6
477.4
53S5
64.2
291
351
7.0
1.234
Pickup
M3
1975
Pickup
M3
1976
Pickup
M3
1977
Pickup
M3
197S
Pickup
M3
1979
230
0.104
17.7
14.4
16.0
15.1
613.4
550.S
5S9.9
41S1
272
127
14.9
0.469
Pickup
M3
19S0
267
0.1S6
17.5
13.9
16.1
14.S
625.3
537.S
59S.7
42S2
293
135
14.S
0.464
Pickup
M3
19S1
221
0.154
19.2
15.3
17.7
16.3
571.4
494.S
545.3
4126
2S5
127
15.0
0.449
Pickup
M3
19S2
151
0.105
IS.7
15.0
17.2
15.9
5S0.4
507.0
55S.0
4146
2S9
12S
16.0
0.445
Pickup
M3
19S3
125
0.077
IS.9
15.1
17.3
16.0
579.5
503.5
554.3
4269
296
129
14.S
0.438
Pickup
M3
19S4
87
0.042
19.6
15.6
IS.3
16.7
562.0
4S1.2
533.4
4259
2S9
129
14.S
0.445
Pickup
M3
19S5
165
0.079
IS.2
14.7
16.6
15.5
591.6
527.5
574.0
4352
302
141
13.9
0.469
Pickup
M3
19S6
170
0.067
IS.5
14.S
16.7
15.6
590.5
527.3
569.2
4329
299
137
13.5
0.459
Pickup
M3
19S7
120
0.056
17.7
14.2
15.9
14.9
621.5
555.2
595.2
4454
303
155
12.S
0.512
Pickup
M3
19SS
67
0.027
17.9
14.2
16.1
15.1
61S.7
546.4
590.9
4462
311
164
12.5
0.527
Pickup
M3
19S9
72
0.032
17.7
14.0
15.S
14.S
625.4
557.S
600.0
4559
307
157
12.6
0.511
Pickup
M3
1990
27
0.015
16.6
12.9
15.2
13.9
671.6
579.0
639.0
4671
316
169
11.5
0.534
Pickup
M3
1991
14
0.007
16.S
13.1
15.2
14.0
663.9
579.3
634.4
4644
314
171
11.4
0.545
Pickup
M3
1992
5
0.003
1S.1
14.3
15.7
15.0
619.3
564.7
593.0
4556
301
150
12.0
0.499
Pickup
M3
1993
3
0.002
IS.7
14.7
16.2
15.4
602.5
546.4
576.9
4555
300
159
10.9
0.528
Pickup
M3
1994
Pickup
M3
1995
Pickup
M3
1996
Pickup
M3
1997
Pickup
M3
199S
Pickup
M3
1999
Pickup
M3
2000
Pickup
M3
2001
Pickup
M3
2002
Pickup
M3
2003
Pickup
M3
2004
Pickup
M3
2005
Pickup
M3
2006
Pickup
M3
2007
Pickup
M3
200S
Pickup
M3
2009
Pickup
M3
2010
Pickup
M3
2011
Pickup
M3
2012
Pickup
M3
2013
Pickup
M3
2014
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-167 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
LS
2014
0.0605
50.9
69.1%
30.9%
100.0%
22.5%
94.2%
Pickup
LS
2015
0.0614
51.S
71.5%
28.5%
10.4%
77.1%
12.4%
25.4%
87.6%
Pickup
LS
2016
0.0610
51.2
75.5%
24.5%
21.2%
71.4%
7.5%
20.5%
92.5%
0.2%
Pickup
LS
2017
0.0661
49.S
76.0%
24.0%
37.4%
60.1%
2.5%
29.5%
97.5%
0.4%
Pickup
LS
201S
0.0654
50.2
73.8%
26.2%
63.5%
34.5%
2.0%
43.3%
98.0%
0.7%
Pickup
M3
1975
Pickup
M3
1976
Pickup
M3
1977
Pickup
M3
197S
Pickup
M3
1979
0.0304
31.7
9.7%
90.3%
100.0%
Pickup
M3
19S0
0.0315
32.1
32.2%
67.8%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
M3
19S1
0.030S
33.9
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
Pickup
M3
19S2
0.0310
33.3
32.5%
67.5%
100.0%
Pickup
M3
19S3
0.0304
34.5
41.8%
58.2%
100.0%
Pickup
M3
19S4
0.0302
35.7
23.3%
76.7%
98.7%
1.3%
Pickup
M3
19S5
0.0325
34.1
54.3%
45.7%
94.2%
5.2%
0.6%
Pickup
M3
19S6
0.0316
34.0
51.0%
49.0%
81.7%
17.9%
0.4%
Pickup
M3
19S7
0.0350
33.4
54.8%
45.2%
6.2%
71.4%
22.2%
0.2%
Pickup
M3
19SS
0.036S
33.7
49.2%
50.8%
1.5%
55.1%
42.4%
1.0%
Pickup
M3
19S9
0.0345
34.1
55.8%
44.2%
74.8%
24.6%
0.6%
Pickup
M3
1990
0.0362
33.0
67.4%
32.6%
42.1%
56.6%
1.3%
Pickup
M3
1991
0.0369
33.1
62.1%
37.9%
44.1%
54.1%
1.8%
Pickup
M3
1992
0.0330
34.2
55.3%
44.7%
100.0%
Pickup
M3
1993
0.0349
35.2
56.4%
43.6%
100.0%
Pickup
M3
1994
Pickup
M3
1995
Pickup
M3
1996
Pickup
M3
1997
Pickup
M3
199S
Pickup
M3
1999
Pickup
M3
2000
Pickup
M3
2001
Pickup
M3
2002
Pickup
M3
2003
Pickup
M3
2004
Pickup
M3
2005
Pickup
M3
2006
Pickup
M3
2007
Pickup
M3
200S
Pickup
M3
2009
Pickup
M3
2010
Pickup
M3
2011
Pickup
M3
2012
Pickup
M3
2013
Pickup
M3
2014
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-168 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
M3
2015
Pickup
M3
2016
Pickup
M3
2017
Pickup
M3
2018
Pickup
M4
1975
Pickup
M4
1976
Pickup
M4
1977
Pickup
M4
1978
Pickup
M4
1979
527
0.239
17.8
14.5
16.5
15.4
565.3
484.5
578.8
3692
220
118
15.1
0.592
Pickup
M4
1980
378
0.263
23.2
18.3
21.7
19.7
471.1
396.5
451.7
3104
156
92
16.4
0.644
Pickup
M4
1981
356
0.247
24.6
19.4
23.2
20.9
448.0
375.7
427.1
3254
191
98
16.0
0.567
Pickup
M4
1982
327
0.227
25.5
20.1
24.2
21.7
435.3
361.2
411.7
3166
181
101
16.3
0.601
Pickup
M4
1983
409
0.251
26.5
20.9
24.9
22.5
418.3
351.3
396.1
3035
159
93
15.6
0.606
Pickup
M4
1984
460
0.225
22.9
18.1
21.5
19.5
470.7
395.0
456.5
3412
193
101
15.5
0.564
Pickup
M4
1985
316
0.152
26.4
20.7
25.2
22.5
416.5
345.2
395.8
3135
181
102
14.4
0.606
Pickup
M4
1986
295
0.116
26.6
20.8
25.1
22.6
411.9
342.0
393.7
3206
181
104
13.7
0.617
Pickup
M4
1987
276
0.129
26.1
20.3
24.6
22.1
422.8
349.0
402.7
3235
182
109
13.6
0.629
Pickup
M4
1988
110
0.045
26.2
20.8
23.5
22.0
425.2
374.9
404.4
2947
146
106
13.4
0.723
Pickup
M4
1989
57
0.026
25.6
20.2
22.9
21.4
435.0
384.4
415.4
2955
157
107
12.8
0.698
Pickup
M4
1990
51
0.028
26.0
20.2
23.4
21.6
434.3
374.3
410.7
2988
156
110
11.8
0.721
Pickup
M4
1991
5
0.003
20.3
15.4
19.0
17.0
559.7
456.7
524.2
4271
249
143
12.2
0.606
Pickup
M4
1992
45
0.024
18.9
14.0
18.4
15.9
629.6
471.1
560.8
4312
279
161
11.0
0.576
Pickup
M4
1993
24
0.012
17.7
13.2
16.7
14.7
666.6
525.7
603.8
4813
313
190
9.8
0.606
Pickup
M4
1994
18
0.007
17.4
13.0
16.2
14.4
676.4
539.6
616.6
4947
326
198
9.5
0.609
Pickup
M4
1995
11
0.005
17.6
13.0
16.6
14.6
679.8
530.1
609.0
4961
331
199
9.7
0.604
Pickup
M4
1996
Pickup
M4
1997
Pickup
M4
1998
Pickup
M4
1999
Pickup
M4
2000
Pickup
M4
2001
Pickup
M4
2002
Pickup
M4
2003
Pickup
M4
2004
Pickup
M4
2005
Pickup
M4
2006
Pickup
M4
2007
Pickup
M4
2008
Pickup
M4
2009
Pickup
M4
2010
Pickup
M4
2011
Pickup
M4
2012
Pickup
M4
2013
Pickup
M4
2014
Pickup
M4
2015
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-169 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
M3
2015
Pickup
M3
2016
Pickup
M3
2017
Pickup
M3
2018
Pickup
M4
1975
Pickup
M4
1976
Pickup
M4
1977
Pickup
M4
1978
Pickup
M4
1979
0.0314
28.8
29.9%
70.1%
99.9%
0.1%
Pickup
M4
1980
0.0297
31.0
5.5%
28.8%
65.7%
94.4%
3.1%
2.5%
Pickup
M4
1981
0.0300
34.2
4.8%
22.7%
72.5%
93.7%
1.4%
4.9%
Pickup
M4
1982
0.0322
34.5
4.8%
15.9%
79.3%
93.9%
0.4%
5.7%
Pickup
M4
1983
0.0306
34.4
1.1%
16.7%
82.2%
96.4%
0.1%
3.5%
Pickup
M4
1984
0.0298
33.7
0.4%
27.0%
72.5%
98.1%
1.9%
Pickup
M4
1985
0.0327
35.5
10.1%
89.9%
78.7%
2.5%
18.1%
0.7%
Pickup
M4
1986
0.0328
36.4
9.0%
91.0%
64.2%
4.6%
30.7%
0.5%
Pickup
M4
1987
0.0338
35.9
7.3%
92.7%
35.9%
22.3%
41.7%
0.2%
Pickup
M4
1988
0.0361
32.5
0.8%
99.2%
58.3%
3.2%
38.5%
Pickup
M4
1989
0.0365
31.4
6.6%
93.4%
80.8%
6.2%
13.0%
Pickup
M4
1990
0.0371
32.3
5.5%
94.5%
61.6%
33.5%
4.9%
Pickup
M4
1991
0.0338
35.9
59.6%
40.4%
17.4%
65.9%
16.6%
0.1%
Pickup
M4
1992
0.0372
34.3
46.1%
53.9%
57.2%
42.1%
0.8%
Pickup
M4
1993
0.0394
35.7
67.6%
32.4%
19.7%
80.3%
Pickup
M4
1994
0.0400
36.0
74.7%
25.3%
11.4%
88.6%
Pickup
M4
1995
0.0401
36.3
68.9%
31.1%
11.3%
88.7%
Pickup
M4
1996
Pickup
M4
1997
Pickup
M4
1998
Pickup
M4
1999
Pickup
M4
2000
Pickup
M4
2001
Pickup
M4
2002
Pickup
M4
2003
Pickup
M4
2004
Pickup
M4
2005
Pickup
M4
2006
Pickup
M4
2007
Pickup
M4
2008
Pickup
M4
2009
Pickup
M4
2010
Pickup
M4
2011
Pickup
M4
2012
Pickup
M4
2013
Pickup
M4
2014
Pickup
M4
2015
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-170 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
M4
2016
Pickup
M4
2017
Pickup
M4
2018
Pickup
M5
1975
Pickup
M5
1976
Pickup
M5
1977
Pickup
M5
1978
Pickup
M5
1979
124
0.056
22.7
17.5
22.1
19.4
494.9
395.8
459.2
2811
132
89
15.1
0.675
Pickup
M5
1980
200
0.139
25.5
20.0
24.2
21.7
439.0
364.5
409.6
2788
129
91
15.2
0.704
Pickup
M5
1981
254
0.176
28.7
22.7
26.9
24.4
395.4
336.4
374.2
2868
134
85
16.3
0.632
Pickup
M5
1982
298
0.207
28.0
22.2
26.1
23.8
402.8
345.1
382.6
2955
139
88
17.3
0.634
Pickup
M5
1983
383
0.235
27.0
21.2
25.6
23.0
414.2
343.3
389.5
3059
144
94
15.1
0.659
Pickup
M5
1984
575
0.281
26.8
21.1
25.4
22.8
416.9
345.6
390.9
3069
141
92
15.3
0.657
Pickup
M5
1985
590
0.284
26.3
20.8
24.8
22.4
422.7
355.2
397.0
3109
146
100
14.4
0.682
Pickup
M5
1986
1013
0.400
26.1
20.4
24.6
22.1
431.4
358.2
401.9
3133
143
101
13.8
0.705
Pickup
M5
1987
859
0.400
26.1
20.2
24.7
22.1
435.1
356.2
402.9
3127
147
103
13.8
0.697
Pickup
M5
1988
1076
0.438
24.6
18.9
23.4
20.7
456.6
370.4
428.4
3383
181
116
13.5
0.658
Pickup
M5
1989
1041
0.466
23.8
18.1
22.4
20.0
473.7
385.6
445.4
3495
189
122
12.6
0.674
Pickup
M5
1990
763
0.416
23.7
18.0
22.3
19.9
475.3
387.0
447.0
3541
193
130
11.4
0.708
Pickup
M5
1991
983
0.512
24.4
18.4
23.0
20.4
469.3
378.7
435.9
3439
186
127
11.5
0.707
Pickup
M5
1992
816
0.444
23.8
17.8
22.4
19.8
486.0
387.3
449.1
3585
193
130
11.3
0.704
Pickup
M5
1993
852
0.426
24.1
17.8
22.7
20.0
485.1
383.7
445.1
3548
188
131
10.5
0.723
Pickup
M5
1994
1051
0.394
24.3
18.0
22.6
20.0
481.6
385.0
443.5
3639
186
133
10.5
0.745
Pickup
M5
1995
889
0.391
23.7
17.4
22.1
19.5
493.8
389.7
455.4
3781
197
139
10.6
0.752
Pickup
M5
1996
677
0.346
24.4
17.7
22.7
20.0
487.8
380.9
444.4
3739
188
142
10.9
0.794
Pickup
M5
1997
608
0.253
24.7
17.9
22.8
20.2
483.5
380.2
440.5
3778
189
149
10.7
0.809
Pickup
M5
1998
660
0.273
24.4
17.6
22.5
19.9
491.5
384.9
446.5
3759
184
150
10.9
0.834
Pickup
M5
1999
446
0.175
23.7
16.9
21.8
19.2
511.7
397.6
462.2
3800
192
156
10.7
0.822
Pickup
M5
2000
435
0.167
23.5
16.8
21.2
18.9
516.8
409.5
469.1
3823
192
160
10.0
0.841
Pickup
M5
2001
303
0.120
22.9
16.4
20.7
18.5
527.9
420.5
481.4
3909
199
164
9.8
0.844
Pickup
M5
2002
227
0.095
22.7
16.1
20.4
18.2
535.2
426.1
487.5
3991
206
176
9.5
0.868
Pickup
M5
2003
256
0.103
23.4
16.4
21.1
18.7
525.8
411.8
474.0
3946
195
168
9.8
0.878
Pickup
M5
2004
172
0.068
22.9
16.0
20.6
18.3
542.3
421.8
485.2
3979
200
177
9.4
0.900
Pickup
M5
2005
94
0.041
24.0
16.4
21.7
19.1
530.4
402.5
465.5
4005
194
176
9.4
0.928
Pickup
M5
2006
96
0.044
24.4
16.7
22.2
19.5
522.5
393.3
456.6
4017
190
173
9.6
0.933
Pickup
M5
2007
67
0.031
25.0
17.2
22.4
19.8
505.1
390.8
448.3
3991
187
171
9.7
0.939
Pickup
M5
2008
50
0.028
25.6
17.7
22.8
20.3
492.4
384.3
438.5
3872
53.5
179
168
9.8
0.954
Pickup
M5
2009
34
0.034
27.2
18.9
23.8
21.4
464.7
369.7
415.6
3810
51.7
164
161
9.8
0.986
Pickup
M5
2010
24
0.019
27.0
18.7
23.6
21.2
470.3
371.8
418.6
3820
52.4
165
160
10.0
0.979
Pickup
M5
2011
24
0.016
26.7
18.6
23.1
20.9
468.8
378.3
424.4
3794
51.0
174
165
9.7
0.964
Pickup
M5
2012
12
0.009
27.1
19.0
22.3
20.7
466.5
395.6
428.5
3871
52.5
164
161
10.0
0.982
Pickup
M5
2013
11
0.007
27.5
19.3
22.4
20.9
459.4
394.5
424.7
3892
51.0
162
157
10.1
0.974
Pickup
M5
2014
8
0.004
27.4
19.2
22.3
20.9
460.3
395.4
425.6
3897
52.0
162
157
10.2
0.974
Pickup
M5
2015
7
0.004
27.3
19.2
22.1
20.7
462.0
399.7
428.7
4000
55.9
161
157
10.3
0.975
Pickup
M5
2016
4
0.002
27.0
19.2
21.8
20.6
463.4
406.8
431.8
4239
55.5
158
155
10.8
0.982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-171 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
M4
2016
Pickup
M4
2017
Pickup
M4
2018
Pickup
M5
1975
Pickup
M5
1976
Pickup
M5
1977
Pickup
M5
1978
Pickup
M5
1979
0.0318
27.8
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M5
1980
0.0326
30.6
2.1%
3.8%
94.2%
97.9%
0.8%
1.3%
Pickup
M5
1981
0.0298
35.8
6.5%
19.5%
74.0%
73.3%
1.7%
25.0%
Pickup
M5
1982
0.0300
35.9
3.0%
27.1%
69.8%
77.0%
0.7%
22.3%
Pickup
M5
1983
0.0310
35.6
3.3%
31.0%
65.7%
92.5%
0.1%
7.4%
Pickup
M5
1984
0.0302
35.4
1.2%
30.0%
68.9%
93.3%
2.6%
4.1%
Pickup
M5
1985
0.0321
35.1
35.2%
64.8%
78.0%
18.8%
1.3%
1.9%
Pickup
M5
1986
0.0323
34.8
28.7%
71.3%
58.2%
19.1%
21.9%
0.8%
Pickup
M5
1987
0.0329
34.6
28.2%
71.8%
56.2%
22.9%
20.5%
0.4%
Pickup
M5
1988
0.0339
35.3
29.1%
70.9%
27.3%
45.1%
27.6%
Pickup
M5
1989
0.0349
35.0
28.2%
71.8%
14.5%
48.9%
36.6%
Pickup
M5
1990
0.0368
35.4
27.4%
72.6%
9.2%
68.3%
22.5%
Pickup
M5
1991
0.0368
35.2
21.8%
78.2%
5.5%
56.6%
37.9%
Pickup
M5
1992
0.0364
35.6
23.0%
77.0%
6.9%
63.3%
29.9%
Pickup
M5
1993
0.0370
35.6
24.2%
75.8%
4.5%
73.9%
21.6%
Pickup
M5
1994
0.0367
36.7
24.5%
75.5%
1.9%
89.1%
9.0%
3.9%
Pickup
M5
1995
0.0371
37.3
23.0%
77.0%
84.8%
15.2%
8.0%
Pickup
M5
1996
0.0380
37.7
21.5%
78.5%
100.0%
24.5%
Pickup
M5
1997
0.0392
38.4
19.2%
80.8%
100.0%
18.4%
Pickup
M5
1998
0.0397
37.8
25.3%
74.7%
100.0%
25.1%
Pickup
M5
1999
0.0407
36.9
29.4%
70.6%
100.0%
20.4%
Pickup
M5
2000
0.0415
36.5
24.6%
75.4%
100.0%
22.3%
Pickup
M5
2001
0.0418
36.3
25.9%
74.1%
100.0%
30.8%
Pickup
M5
2002
0.0439
36.7
31.1%
68.9%
100.0%
47.2%
Pickup
M5
2003
0.0423
37.2
28.0%
72.0%
100.0%
35.5%
Pickup
M5
2004
0.0445
36.7
34.3%
65.7%
100.0%
49.5%
5.7%
Pickup
M5
2005
0.0440
38.4
26.1%
73.9%
100.0%
61.0%
43.7%
Pickup
M5
2006
0.0432
39.2
23.6%
76.4%
100.0%
67.1%
53.2%
Pickup
M5
2007
0.0431
39.7
19.7%
80.3%
100.0%
69.0%
86.2%
Pickup
M5
2008
0.0433
39.5
25.6%
74.4%
100.0%
76.0%
76.0%
Pickup
M5
2009
0.0424
41.0
39.6%
60.4%
100.0%
95.1%
96.1%
Pickup
M5
2010
0.0421
40.8
42.8%
57.2%
100.0%
93.2%
73.7%
Pickup
M5
2011
0.0436
40.1
41.4%
58.6%
100.0%
78.4%
48.1%
Pickup
M5
2012
0.0418
40.2
46.8%
53.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M5
2013
0.0406
40.8
44.4%
55.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M5
2014
0.0405
40.8
45.3%
54.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M5
2015
0.0393
41.7
47.2%
52.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M5
2016
0.0367
43.6
47.7%
52.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-172 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
M5
2017
5
0.002
26.8
19.1
21.2
20.2
465.8
419.4
439.8
4357
56.2
161
157
10.9
0.975
Pickup
M5
2018
-
0.002
27.1
19.3
22.5
21.0
460.6
394.7
423.1
4000
54.5
153
152
10.5
0.996
Pickup
M6
1975
Pickup
M6
1976
Pickup
M6
1977
Pickup
M6
1978
Pickup
M6
1979
Pickup
M6
1980
Pickup
M6
1981
Pickup
M6
1982
Pickup
M6
1983
Pickup
M6
1984
Pickup
M6
1985
Pickup
M6
1986
Pickup
M6
1987
Pickup
M6
1988
Pickup
M6
1989
Pickup
M6
1990
Pickup
M6
1991
Pickup
M6
1992
Pickup
M6
1993
Pickup
M6
1994
Pickup
M6
1995
Pickup
M6
1996
Pickup
M6
1997
Pickup
M6
1998
Pickup
M6
1999
Pickup
M6
2000
Pickup
M6
2001
Pickup
M6
2002
Pickup
M6
2003
Pickup
M6
2004
3
0.001
13.0
8.6
13.6
10.8
1035.6
652.7
819.7
5135
505
500
5.2
0.990
Pickup
M6
2005
37
0.016
20.1
13.8
18.5
16.1
633.3
477.2
550.4
4429
261
262
7.5
1.008
Pickup
M6
2006
39
0.018
20.6
14.3
18.7
16.5
616.8
473.0
538.0
4499
248
242
8.0
0.978
Pickup
M6
2007
26
0.012
21.3
14.9
19.0
17.0
594.2
467.2
523.5
4438
241
236
8.1
0.980
Pickup
M6
2008
22
0.012
21.1
14.8
18.7
16.8
597.2
473.3
528.5
4472
58.8
241
233
8.2
0.969
Pickup
M6
2009
7
0.007
20.9
14.6
18.8
16.7
609.3
471.9
531.3
4445
54.1
241
238
7.9
0.990
Pickup
M6
2010
7
0.005
20.4
14.3
18.0
16.2
619.6
492.3
547.7
4557
54.7
242
242
8.0
1.000
Pickup
M6
2011
7
0.005
20.6
14.6
18.4
16.5
609.5
482.8
538.4
4481
55.6
242
243
7.9
1.005
Pickup
M6
2012
8
0.006
22.0
15.5
19.4
17.5
573.3
458.5
508.1
4483
58.4
243
248
7.8
1.024
Pickup
M6
2013
7
0.005
22.0
15.5
19.4
17.5
573.7
456.7
507.7
4480
60.1
242
240
8.0
0.994
Pickup
M6
2014
5
0.003
21.8
15.4
19.1
17.3
576.8
465.9
513.7
4493
55.8
241
237
8.1
0.980
Pickup
M6
2015
9
0.005
22.9
16.0
20.3
18.2
552.1
432.5
488.1
4431
56.3
229
236
8.1
1.043
Pickup
M6
2016
9
0.005
24.7
17.4
21.5
19.5
510.2
408.7
455.4
4412
56.1
201
255
7.8
1.273
Pickup
M6
2017
13
0.006
24.2
17.1
20.7
19.0
518.4
426.3
467.7
4472
56.4
207
269
7.6
1.297
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-173 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
M5
2017
0.0361
44.0
71.5%
28.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M5
2018
0.0380
42.0
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
1975
Pickup
M6
1976
Pickup
M6
1977
Pickup
M6
1978
Pickup
M6
1979
Pickup
M6
1980
Pickup
M6
1981
Pickup
M6
1982
Pickup
M6
1983
Pickup
M6
1984
Pickup
M6
1985
Pickup
M6
1986
Pickup
M6
1987
Pickup
M6
1988
Pickup
M6
1989
Pickup
M6
1990
Pickup
M6
1991
Pickup
M6
1992
Pickup
M6
1993
Pickup
M6
1994
Pickup
M6
1995
Pickup
M6
1996
Pickup
M6
1997
Pickup
M6
1998
Pickup
M6
1999
Pickup
M6
2000
Pickup
M6
2001
Pickup
M6
2002
Pickup
M6
2003
Pickup
M6
2004
0.0975
27.8
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
2005
0.0591
35.9
48.3%
51.7%
100.0%
70.9%
70.9%
Pickup
M6
2006
0.0540
37.3
50.7%
49.3%
100.0%
62.6%
62.6%
Pickup
M6
2007
0.0535
37.7
54.9%
45.1%
100.0%
65.0%
39.7%
Pickup
M6
2008
0.0526
37.6
53.3%
46.7%
100.0%
56.3%
12.4%
Pickup
M6
2009
0.0537
37.2
85.0%
15.0%
100.0%
98.4%
10.5%
Pickup
M6
2010
0.0531
37.0
90.0%
10.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
2011
0.0543
37.0
90.6%
9.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
2012
0.0554
39.2
88.0%
12.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
2013
0.0537
39.2
91.6%
8.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
2014
0.0527
38.9
97.8%
2.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
2015
0.0533
40.5
82.2%
17.8%
14.4%
85.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
2016
0.0577
43.1
74.1%
25.9%
24.1%
75.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
M6
2017
0.0600
42.5
89.5%
10.5%
9.8%
90.2%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-174 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Transmission
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
Vehicle Type
Type
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
0-60 Time
HP/CID
Pickup
M6
2018
-
0.004
25.2
17.7
21.7
19.8
499.2
405.8
449.3
4366
56.4
196
254
7.8
1.298
Pickup
OT
1975
Pickup
OT
1976
Pickup
OT
1977
Pickup
OT
1978
Pickup
OT
1979
Pickup
OT
1980
Pickup
OT
1981
Pickup
OT
1982
Pickup
OT
1983
7
0.004
15.6
12.3
14.5
13.2
699.4
606.2
671.4
4498
280
132
16.1
0.465
Pickup
OT
1984
Pickup
OT
1985
Pickup
OT
1986
Pickup
OT
1987
Pickup
OT
1988
Pickup
OT
1989
Pickup
OT
1990
Pickup
OT
1991
Pickup
OT
1992
Pickup
OT
1993
Pickup
OT
1994
Pickup
OT
1995
Pickup
OT
1996
1
0.000
15.5
11.3
14.7
12.8
788.7
602.7
693.1
5385
346
227
10.0
0.657
Pickup
OT
1997
Pickup
OT
1998
Pickup
OT
1999
Pickup
OT
2000
Pickup
OT
2001
Pickup
OT
2002
Pickup
OT
2003
Pickup
OT
2004
Pickup
OT
2005
Pickup
OT
2006
Pickup
OT
2007
Pickup
OT
2008
Pickup
OT
2009
Pickup
OT
2010
Pickup
OT
2011
Pickup
OT
2012
Pickup
OT
2013
Pickup
OT
2014
Pickup
OT
2015
Pickup
OT
2016
Pickup
OT
2017
Pickup
OT
2018
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-175 March 2019
-------
CDA
liA
S4mi
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
p™"""n Supplemental Table G: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission
Vehicle Type
Transmission
Type
Model
Year
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
Cu-Ft-
MPG
Cu-Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
M6
2018
0.0580
43.3
71.7%
28.3%
27.5%
72.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
OT
1975
Pickup
OT
1976
Pickup
OT
1977
Pickup
OT
1978
Pickup
OT
1979
Pickup
OT
1980
Pickup
OT
1981
Pickup
OT
1982
Pickup
OT
1983
0.0292
30.2
59.1%
40.9%
100.0%
Pickup
OT
1984
Pickup
OT
1985
Pickup
OT
1986
Pickup
OT
1987
Pickup
OT
1988
Pickup
OT
1989
Pickup
OT
1990
Pickup
OT
1991
Pickup
OT
1992
Pickup
OT
1993
Pickup
OT
1994
Pickup
OT
1995
Pickup
OT
1996
0.0422
34.5
77.0%
23.0%
100.0%
Pickup
OT
1997
Pickup
OT
1998
Pickup
OT
1999
Pickup
OT
2000
Pickup
OT
2001
Pickup
OT
2002
Pickup
OT
2003
Pickup
OT
2004
Pickup
OT
2005
Pickup
OT
2006
Pickup
OT
2007
Pickup
OT
2008
Pickup
OT
2009
Pickup
OT
2010
Pickup
OT
2011
Pickup
OT
2012
Pickup
OT
2013
Pickup
OT
2014
Pickup
OT
2015
Pickup
OT
2016
Pickup
OT
2017
Pickup
OT
2018
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 G-176 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Sedan/Wagon
2
1975
51
0.006
15.8
12.2
15.4
13.5
726.9
577.6
660.0
2899
152
129
0.849
0.0444
19.5
Sedan/Wagon
2
1976
27
0.003
20.4
15.8
19.9
17.4
561.6
441.9
510.2
2952
156
132
0.846
0.0447
25.8
Sedan/Wagon
2
1977
16
0.001
22.3
17.0
22.3
19.1
519.0
393.4
466.0
2966
91.1
157
133
0.846
0.0448
28.5
1747
2596
Sedan/Wagon
2
1978
2
0.000
20.9
16.3
20.1
17.8
542.1
437.8
498.2
2855
94.2
154
131
10.6
0.848
0.0459
25.5
1683
2416
Sedan/Wagon
2
1979
52
0.005
20.4
15.3
21.1
17.5
581.2
419.6
509.2
2750
50.0
140
125
11.4
0.893
0.0455
24.0
873
1201
Sedan/Wagon
2
1980
53
0.006
19.8
14.8
20.8
17.0
601.5
426.5
523.5
2750
50.0
140
100
13.5
0.714
0.0364
23.4
850
1168
Sedan/Wagon
2
1981
34
0.004
23.7
18.4
23.0
20.2
482.6
385.8
439.8
2500
50.0
140
100
12.7
0.714
0.0400
25.3
1012
1265
Sedan/Wagon
2
1982
51
0.007
23.7
18.4
22.9
20.2
482.1
387.1
440.3
2500
50.0
140
100
13.6
0.714
0.0400
25.3
1011
1264
Sedan/Wagon
2
1983
61
0.008
22.7
17.6
22.0
19.3
505.1
402.9
459.6
2516
50.0
140
100
12.4
0.714
0.0398
24.3
968
1216
Sedan/Wagon
2
1984
41
0.004
22.0
16.5
22.5
18.8
536.9
394.6
473.1
2577
50.0
144
109
11.9
0.749
0.0420
24.2
940
1210
Sedan/Wagon
2
1985
59
0.005
22.1
16.6
22.6
18.9
534.4
392.5
470.7
2568
50.0
143
106
11.9
0.739
0.0412
24.2
944
1212
Sedan/Wagon
2
1986
51
0.005
23.0
17.0
23.9
19.6
521.2
371.4
453.0
2925
79.4
160
146
9.8
0.913
0.0500
28.7
1558
2278
Sedan/Wagon
2
1987
51
0.005
22.8
16.8
23.6
19.4
527.5
376.0
457.6
3000
50.0
160
152
9.8
0.953
0.0508
29.1
971
1457
Sedan/Wagon
2
1988
39
0.004
22.6
16.6
23.4
19.2
536.0
379.4
462.8
3111
50.0
160
150
10.2
0.938
0.0485
29.9
960
1493
Sedan/Wagon
2
1989
9
0.001
22.9
16.6
23.8
19.4
534.9
373.4
458.8
3141
50.0
160
163
9.5
1.021
0.0523
30.4
969
1520
Sedan/Wagon
2
1990
11
0.001
22.9
16.5
23.7
19.3
538.0
374.7
460.0
3169
50.0
160
162
9.0
1.014
0.0515
30.6
967
1529
Sedan/Wagon
2
1991
8
0.001
22.8
16.4
23.5
19.2
542.2
377.5
462.6
3203
50.0
160
161
9.2
1.007
0.0506
30.7
962
1537
Sedan/Wagon
2
1992
0
0.000
22.7
15.9
24.4
19.2
560.0
364.9
463.9
3500
50.0
160
160
9.3
1.000
0.0457
33.5
958
1676
Sedan/Wagon
2
1993
10
0.001
23.5
16.7
24.1
19.7
533.3
369.2
451.5
3000
50.0
160
255
6.0
1.594
0.0850
29.5
984
1476
Sedan/Wagon
2
1994
3
0.000
23.5
16.6
24.0
19.6
536.6
370.7
452.9
3000
50.0
160
255
5.9
1.594
0.0850
29.4
981
1472
Sedan/Wagon
2
1995
1
0.000
22.9
16.0
23.5
19.1
553.7
378.7
464.4
3000
50.0
160
255
6.4
1.594
0.0850
28.7
957
1435
Sedan/Wagon
2
1996
Sedan/Wagon
2
1997
Sedan/Wagon
2
1998
Sedan/Wagon
2
1999
Sedan/Wagon
2
2000
Sedan/Wagon
2
2001
Sedan/Wagon
2
2002
Sedan/Wagon
2
2003
Sedan/Wagon
2
2004
35
0.005
23.8
16.3
22.0
19.1
544.4
403.6
465.0
3500
96.3
160
224
7.4
1.397
0.0639
33.4
1841
3221
Sedan/Wagon
2
2005
18
0.002
23.8
16.2
22.0
19.0
548.8
404.5
466.6
3500
96.3
80
220
7.9
2.752
0.0629
33.3
1834
3210
Sedan/Wagon
2
2006
6
0.001
24.0
16.3
22.3
19.2
545.8
398.5
462.0
3500
96.3
79
227
7.5
2.870
0.0648
33.7
1853
3242
Sedan/Wagon
2
2007
6
0.001
24.0
16.3
22.3
19.3
546.2
397.3
461.5
3500
96.3
79
225
7.7
2.852
0.0644
33.7
1855
3246
Sedan/Wagon
2
2008
2
0.000
24.0
16.3
22.3
19.2
545.8
398.2
461.8
3500
43.7
96.3
79
226
7.7
2.865
0.0647
33.7
1854
3244
Sedan/Wagon
2
2009
3
0.001
24.0
16.3
22.3
19.2
545.2
399.0
462.1
3500
43.7
96.3
79
224
7.5
2.838
0.0641
33.7
1853
3242
Sedan/Wagon
2
2010
1
0.000
24.0
16.3
22.3
19.2
545.3
398.7
461.9
3500
43.7
97.0
79
224
7.6
2.834
0.0640
33.7
1867
3266
Sedan/Wagon
2
2011
1
0.000
24.0
16.3
22.2
19.2
543.8
399.5
461.7
3500
43.6
97.0
79
224
7.6
2.830
0.0639
33.7
1867
3268
Sedan/Wagon
2
2012
Sedan/Wagon
2
2013
Sedan/Wagon
2
2014
6
0.001
132.2
119.0
65.7
81.4
10.8
80.9
50.8
3500
43.3
98.6
37
170
6.8
4.643
0.0486
142.4
8022
14038
Sedan/Wagon
2
2015
7
0.001
132.2
119.0
65.7
81.4
10.8
80.9
50.8
3500
43.3
98.6
37
170
7.9
4.643
0.0486
142.4
8022
14038
Sedan/Wagon
2
2016
4
0.001
132.2
119.0
65.7
81.4
10.8
80.9
50.8
3500
43.3
98.6
37
38
7.1
1.038
0.0109
142.4
8022
14038
Sedan/Wagon
2
2017
7
0.001
130.8
109.8
67.7
81.0
7.2
66.0
40.7
3500
43.3
98.6
37
38
7.1
1.038
0.0109
141.8
7991
13984
Sedan/Wagon
2
2018
-
0.001
128.4
108.5
66.6
79.8
7.2
67.2
41.4
3500
43.4
98.6
37
38
7.1
1.038
0.0109
139.7
7872
13776
Sedan/Wagon
3
1975
Sedan/Wagon
3
1976
Sedan/Wagon
3
1977
Sedan/Wagon
3
1978
Sedan/Wagon
3
1979
Sedan/Wagon
3
1980
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-l March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
2
1975
100.0%
50.5%
49.5%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1976
100.0%
40.1%
59.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1977
100.0%
61.7%
38.3%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1978
100.0%
66.3%
33.7%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1979
100.0%
90.1%
9.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1980
100.0%
90.5%
9.5%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1981
100.0%
91.4%
8.6%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1982
100.0%
89.6%
10.4%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1983
100.0%
92.2%
7.8%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1984
100.0%
91.4%
8.6%
77.6%
22.4%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1985
100.0%
87.2%
12.8%
85.4%
14.6%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1986
100.0%
82.4%
17.6%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1987
100.0%
85.5%
14.5%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1988
100.0%
86.2%
13.8%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1989
100.0%
74.1%
25.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1990
100.0%
72.8%
27.2%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1991
100.0%
74.7%
25.3%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1992
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1993
100.0%
84.8%
15.2%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1994
100.0%
88.0%
12.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1995
100.0%
87.6%
12.4%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
1996
Sedan/Wagon
2
1997
Sedan/Wagon
2
1998
Sedan/Wagon
2
1999
Sedan/Wagon
2
2000
Sedan/Wagon
2
2001
Sedan/Wagon
2
2002
Sedan/Wagon
2
2003
Sedan/Wagon
2
2004
100.0%
64.9%
35.1%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2005
100.0%
56.5%
43.5%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2006
100.0%
56.7%
43.3%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2007
100.0%
51.3%
48.7%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2008
100.0%
55.0%
45.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2009
100.0%
61.1%
38.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2010
100.0%
59.5%
40.5%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2011
100.0%
57.8%
42.2%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2012
Sedan/Wagon
2
2013
Sedan/Wagon
2
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
2
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1975
Sedan/Wagon
3
1976
Sedan/Wagon
3
1977
Sedan/Wagon
3
1978
Sedan/Wagon
3
1979
Sedan/Wagon
3
1980
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-2 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Sedan/Wagon
3
1981
Sedan/Wagon
3
1982
Sedan/Wagon
3
1983
Sedan/Wagon
3
1984
Sedan/Wagon
3
1985
37
0.003
57.4
46.7
51.5
48.8
190.0
171.9
182.3
1750
82.6
61
48
17.6
0.787
0.0274
42.8
4037
3533
Sedan/Wagon
3
1986
81
0.007
55.9
45.4
49.4
47.1
192.6
176.5
188.5
1750
84.6
61
46
17.8
0.759
0.0264
42.0
4053
3547
Sedan/Wagon
3
1987
78
0.007
50.8
40.8
44.8
42.6
214.9
195.0
208.8
1878
84.8
63
51
17.6
0.810
0.0271
40.3
3661
3414
Sedan/Wagon
3
1988
103
0.010
47.2
37.6
41.6
39.4
231.2
209.6
225.7
1867
86.6
65
54
17.0
0.824
0.0286
37.3
3473
3226
Sedan/Wagon
3
1989
85
0.008
47.5
37.8
41.1
39.4
229.0
210.2
225.8
1975
90.9
65
55
16.6
0.843
0.0276
39.4
3679
3584
Sedan/Wagon
3
1990
46
0.005
48.7
38.3
42.0
40.0
225.1
204.6
222.0
2021
87.9
63
55
15.8
0.854
0.0269
41.4
3647
3650
Sedan/Wagon
3
1991
111
0.013
48.2
37.4
41.8
39.5
233.3
207.8
225.2
2008
85.5
62
56
15.7
0.907
0.0280
40.3
3462
3462
Sedan/Wagon
3
1992
111
0.014
48.6
37.2
42.1
39.5
234.6
207.4
224.8
1984
87.6
61
55
15.7
0.902
0.0278
39.8
3532
3494
Sedan/Wagon
3
1993
88
0.010
51.1
38.9
43.8
41.2
223.7
198.9
215.5
1979
88.6
62
56
14.3
0.906
0.0282
41.5
3739
3683
Sedan/Wagon
3
1994
100
0.012
50.0
37.6
42.7
40.0
231.4
204.6
221.9
1981
91.7
61
55
14.5
0.904
0.0280
40.3
3741
3695
Sedan/Wagon
3
1995
29
0.003
54.5
40.3
46.8
43.4
220.6
190.0
204.7
2000
99.9
61
55
14.2
0.902
0.0275
43.4
4336
4336
Sedan/Wagon
3
1996
25
0.003
54.8
40.3
46.4
43.3
220.4
191.7
205.3
2000
100.0
61
55
14.8
0.902
0.0275
43.3
4327
4327
Sedan/Wagon
3
1997
13
0.002
54.4
39.5
46.1
42.8
224.9
192.6
207.8
2000
90.5
61
55
14.8
0.902
0.0275
42.8
3871
3871
Sedan/Wagon
3
1998
12
0.001
53.6
38.1
46.1
42.0
233.3
192.7
211.7
2000
89.7
60
55
15.3
0.917
0.0275
42.0
3765
3765
Sedan/Wagon
3
1999
Sedan/Wagon
3
2000
11
0.001
61.6
42.7
51.6
47.1
201.1
166.2
188.6
2000
68.1
61
61
12.7
1.005
0.0306
48.8
3153
3153
Sedan/Wagon
3
2001
3
0.000
71.2
49.3
56.3
53.0
179.9
156.3
167.7
2111
50.0
61
66
11.1
1.084
0.0315
55.9
2661
2797
Sedan/Wagon
3
2002
Sedan/Wagon
3
2003
1
0.000
69.0
47.4
53.0
50.4
187.4
166.2
176.2
2167
50.0
61
66
11.1
1.076
0.0304
54.6
2530
2732
Sedan/Wagon
3
2004
1
0.000
68.5
46.7
51.9
49.5
190.3
170.3
179.5
2175
50.0
61
66
11.1
1.075
0.0303
53.8
2482
2692
Sedan/Wagon
3
2005
1
0.000
69.7
46.6
52.7
49.9
190.5
167.5
178.0
2140
50.0
61
69
11.1
1.123
0.0322
53.4
2504
2670
Sedan/Wagon
3
2006
1
0.000
70.3
46.7
53.6
50.4
190.0
164.7
176.2
2111
50.0
61
72
11.1
1.182
0.0343
53.2
2529
2661
Sedan/Wagon
3
2007
Sedan/Wagon
3
2008
22
0.003
49.5
33.4
40.5
37.1
265.8
219.3
239.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.2
1.148
0.0350
37.1
1857
1857
Sedan/Wagon
3
2009
14
0.003
49.5
33.4
40.5
37.1
265.8
219.3
239.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
12.9
1.148
0.0350
37.1
1857
1857
Sedan/Wagon
3
2010
3
0.001
49.1
33.3
40.0
36.8
266.9
222.0
241.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
36.8
1841
1841
Sedan/Wagon
3
2011
3
0.001
48.7
32.7
38.2
35.6
271.4
232.7
249.3
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
35.6
1782
1782
Sedan/Wagon
3
2012
5
0.001
49.5
33.8
37.7
35.9
262.7
235.8
247.4
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
35.9
1796
1796
Sedan/Wagon
3
2013
13
0.002
49.8
34.1
37.9
36.2
260.7
234.6
245.8
2000
26.8
50.0
61
70
13.0
1.148
0.0350
36.2
1808
1808
Sedan/Wagon
3
2014
33
0.004
51.0
33.8
40.2
37.2
260.4
220.1
239.0
2360
36.5
91.7
75
90
11.9
1.183
0.0371
43.8
3449
4065
Sedan/Wagon
3
2015
70
0.009
49.4
32.6
39.4
36.2
268.5
224.2
245.7
2514
38.0
93.2
77
103
11.2
1.322
0.0396
45.3
3417
4262
Sedan/Wagon
3
2016
32
0.004
43.3
28.5
36.2
32.4
306.2
244.5
273.9
2967
39.7
87.1
77
126
9.7
1.656
0.0422
48.2
2806
4232
Sedan/Wagon
3
2017
69
0.010
47.1
31.2
39.8
35.6
276.6
219.8
249.4
2712
40.1
100.8
76
101
11.3
1.331
0.0367
48.3
3662
4872
Sedan/Wagon
3
2018
-
0.010
45.4
29.5
38.0
33.8
292.3
231.1
262.3
2850
41.4
104.0
75
108
10.9
1.464
0.0376
48.0
3569
5006
Sedan/Wagon
4
1975
1805
0.219
24.3
18.7
23.8
20.7
466.2
364.3
429.7
2651
112
79
0.716
0.0298
27.6
Sedan/Wagon
4
1976
2017
0.207
26.5
20.5
25.8
22.6
423.5
338.5
393.2
2613
111
77
0.706
0.0296
29.7
Sedan/Wagon
4
1977
2287
0.202
28.7
22.4
27.6
24.4
385.6
314.0
364.6
2524
86.8
106
78
0.742
0.0308
31.2
2178
2718
Sedan/Wagon
4
1978
2926
0.262
28.3
22.3
26.7
24.1
387.3
324.1
369.8
2511
88.9
108
77
14.7
0.727
0.0308
30.7
2196
2731
Sedan/Wagon
4
1979
3157
0.292
27.1
21.2
25.7
23.1
408.8
338.9
386.4
2564
90.1
110
77
16.3
0.707
0.0300
29.8
2121
2695
Sedan/Wagon
4
1980
4511
0.478
28.1
22.0
26.8
23.9
396.6
327.2
373.0
2573
93.0
116
78
16.5
0.681
0.0303
31.0
2267
2891
Sedan/Wagon
4
1981
4469
0.512
29.8
23.4
28.3
25.4
372.9
308.9
351.7
2556
97.7
115
79
16.3
0.693
0.0308
32.7
2515
3192
Sedan/Wagon
4
1982
4252
0.544
30.9
24.1
29.8
26.3
363.5
294.1
338.4
2595
97.8
115
78
17.7
0.686
0.0300
34.4
2609
3367
Sedan/Wagon
4
1983
4158
0.520
31.2
24.4
29.8
26.6
355.2
291.0
334.8
2622
101.2
118
81
15.9
0.694
0.0307
35.2
2737
3556
Sedan/Wagon
4
1984
5744
0.538
31.4
24.4
30.2
26.7
357.5
289.5
333.1
2655
100.3
119
85
15.4
0.718
0.0320
35.8
2720
3586
Sedan/Wagon
4
1985
5865
0.543
31.5
24.6
30.3
26.9
355.1
288.0
330.9
2671
101.9
120
90
14.8
0.752
0.0336
36.1
2774
3685
Sedan/Wagon
4
1986
6462
0.587
31.3
24.2
30.0
26.6
359.9
291.6
334.6
2719
102.5
122
91
14.2
0.753
0.0332
36.3
2753
3725
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-3 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
3
1981
Sedan/Wagon
3
1982
Sedan/Wagon
3
1983
Sedan/Wagon
3
1984
Sedan/Wagon
3
1985
100.0%
90.1%
9.9%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1986
100.0%
64.7%
35.3%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1987
100.0%
73.5%
26.5%
91.4%
8.6%
13.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1988
89.0%
11.0%
76.5%
23.5%
85.3%
13.2%
1.5%
31.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1989
100.0%
64.3%
20.8%
14.9%
29.5%
13.0%
57.5%
29.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1990
89.0%
11.0%
77.7%
15.9%
6.4%
5.7%
24.2%
70.1%
20.7%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1991
94.5%
5.5%
61.0%
35.8%
3.3%
2.5%
7.8%
89.7%
8.1%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1992
99.6%
0.4%
50.1%
49.7%
0.2%
0.7%
1.9%
97.4%
1.2%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1993
97.7%
2.3%
69.2%
30.0%
0.9%
4.6%
95.4%
4.6%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1994
100.0%
53.9%
46.1%
2.4%
97.6%
2.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
1999
Sedan/Wagon
3
2000
52.4%
47.6%
100.0%
52.4%
47.6%
52.4%
52.4%
52.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2001
100.0%
55.8%
44.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2002
Sedan/Wagon
3
2003
100.0%
33.2%
66.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2004
100.0%
29.8%
70.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2005
100.0%
44.0%
56.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2006
100.0%
55.7%
44.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2007
Sedan/Wagon
3
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2014
81.4%
2.3%
16.3%
16.3%
16.3%
15.9%
51.6%
19.9%
80.1%
100.0%
100.0%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2015
85.6%
3.4%
11.1%
16.0%
11.1%
27.3%
45.6%
38.6%
61.4%
100.0%
100.0%
3.4%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2016
73.4%
4.5%
22.1%
14.2%
19.8%
66.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
4.5%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2017
89.8%
7.2%
3.0%
9.8%
2.9%
35.0%
52.3%
44.2%
55.8%
100.0%
100.0%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
3
2018
91.1%
8.9%
16.9%
45.2%
37.9%
59.3%
40.7%
100.0%
100.0%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1975
25.2%
74.8%
67.7%
31.1%
1.2%
84.8%
14.4%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1976
22.0%
78.0%
63.9%
36.1%
92.7%
6.7%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1977
28.3%
71.7%
69.5%
30.5%
86.3%
11.9%
1.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1978
31.8%
68.2%
65.9%
32.6%
1.5%
87.8%
10.4%
1.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1979
33.5%
1.2%
65.3%
61.8%
34.1%
2.6%
1.6%
90.9%
7.0%
2.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1980
44.8%
1.0%
54.2%
58.3%
39.7%
0.7%
1.3%
87.3%
9.1%
3.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1981
60.6%
0.9%
38.4%
54.1%
43.1%
1.7%
1.1%
88.5%
7.5%
4.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1982
72.1%
0.9%
26.9%
48.6%
29.1%
21.4%
0.9%
78.7%
7.5%
11.2%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1983
76.2%
5.1%
18.7%
44.1%
28.8%
26.2%
0.9%
66.3%
11.7%
21.0%
1.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1984
81.3%
1.4%
17.2%
39.9%
29.6%
30.4%
0.1%
54.7%
15.4%
28.3%
1.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1985
84.0%
3.7%
12.2%
36.7%
31.5%
31.8%
46.9%
18.7%
33.6%
0.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1986
89.5%
1.5%
9.0%
36.5%
26.5%
37.0%
36.3%
24.4%
38.9%
0.4%
7.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-4 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Sedan/Wagon
4
1987
6679
0.622
31.1
24.0
29.7
26.3
364.7
294.8
337.9
2732
102.1
121
92
14.3
0.772
0.0336
36.2
2711
3690
Sedan/Wagon
4
1988
6333
0.590
31.7
24.3
30.1
26.7
359.1
291.6
332.9
2739
101.8
118
95
14.3
0.805
0.0343
36.8
2749
3743
Sedan/Wagon
4
1989
5671
0.566
31.1
23.6
29.6
26.1
370.7
296.5
340.6
2794
101.5
120
100
13.4
0.840
0.0357
36.6
2679
3719
Sedan/Wagon
4
1990
4925
0.559
30.7
23.1
29.1
25.6
379.4
302.0
346.7
2857
100.8
122
108
12.0
0.901
0.0378
36.7
2606
3708
Sedan/Wagon
4
1991
4843
0.568
30.8
23.0
29.3
25.7
380.3
299.3
346.2
2846
100.9
121
109
12.1
0.913
0.0380
36.7
2622
3710
Sedan/Wagon
4
1992
3946
0.487
30.9
22.8
29.4
25.7
382.5
297.4
346.2
2885
100.7
120
112
11.6
0.947
0.0388
37.2
2615
3748
Sedan/Wagon
4
1993
4268
0.505
31.6
23.1
30.1
26.1
378.6
292.1
340.2
2866
101.9
119
110
11.0
0.930
0.0383
37.6
2690
3833
Sedan/Wagon
4
1994
4190
0.498
31.6
22.9
30.1
26.1
382.9
291.5
341.0
2899
102.0
120
113
10.8
0.955
0.0390
37.9
2683
3870
Sedan/Wagon
4
1995
4620
0.492
32.2
23.1
30.7
26.4
379.2
286.6
336.3
2889
102.7
118
120
10.7
1.016
0.0413
38.3
2738
3934
Sedan/Wagon
4
1996
3982
0.505
31.6
22.5
30.1
25.9
389.5
291.7
343.5
2937
102.8
121
123
10.9
1.023
0.0420
38.1
2686
3921
Sedan/Wagon
4
1997
4481
0.538
31.8
22.4
30.2
25.9
391.6
291.6
343.0
2947
102.4
122
124
10.9
1.024
0.0420
38.3
2672
3922
Sedan/Wagon
4
1998
4097
0.514
32.0
22.4
30.3
26.0
393.0
291.3
342.5
3015
103.4
122
127
11.1
1.044
0.0421
39.2
2702
4059
Sedan/Wagon
4
1999
4055
0.484
31.4
21.9
29.7
25.5
401.5
297.2
349.2
3072
103.7
124
129
11.0
1.051
0.0421
39.1
2656
4066
Sedan/Wagon
4
2000
4397
0.482
31.2
21.6
29.2
25.2
406.1
302.1
353.3
3072
104.4
123
130
10.5
1.064
0.0425
38.7
2646
4051
Sedan/Wagon
4
2001
4177
0.497
31.7
21.8
29.5
25.5
400.4
297.8
349.3
3102
104.9
124
132
10.3
1.067
0.0425
39.6
2700
4168
Sedan/Wagon
4
2002
4329
0.522
31.5
21.5
29.1
25.2
406.3
301.6
353.6
3135
106.8
126
138
10.2
1.099
0.0440
39.6
2715
4242
Sedan/Wagon
4
2003
4135
0.522
32.2
21.8
29.6
25.6
401.0
297.5
348.0
3161
107.1
126
142
10.0
1.135
0.0449
40.6
2767
4360
Sedan/Wagon
4
2004
3742
0.497
32.6
21.9
29.9
25.8
398.3
293.8
345.0
3153
107.4
126
145
9.8
1.153
0.0458
41.0
2805
4405
Sedan/Wagon
4
2005
4363
0.544
33.2
22.2
30.1
26.1
389.1
291.7
341.1
3143
108.3
126
145
9.7
1.151
0.0459
41.5
2877
4506
Sedan/Wagon
4
2006
4039
0.505
33.3
22.2
30.2
26.2
389.7
290.0
340.1
3185
108.1
127
150
9.6
1.183
0.0470
42.2
2878
4572
Sedan/Wagon
4
2007
4675
0.579
34.4
23.0
31.0
26.9
374.0
282.6
329.9
3206
108.0
127
149
9.6
1.176
0.0464
43.8
2971
4745
Sedan/Wagon
4
2008
4238
0.579
34.6
23.1
31.1
27.1
370.4
281.2
327.9
3216
43.6
108.3
127
151
9.7
1.186
0.0466
44.2
2999
4801
Sedan/Wagon
4
2009
3925
0.696
35.2
23.5
31.7
27.5
369.7
277.5
323.2
3246
43.9
109.7
128
151
9.5
1.186
0.0464
45.1
3059
4952
Sedan/Wagon
4
2010
4259
0.703
37.0
24.7
33.0
28.8
344.3
265.9
309.1
3255
44.1
110.0
128
152
9.5
1.186
0.0465
48.1
3256
5313
Sedan/Wagon
4
2011
3814
0.664
36.5
24.0
32.6
28.2
358.8
270.3
315.4
3321
44.8
111.2
129
159
9.2
1.244
0.0478
47.6
3192
5303
Sedan/Wagon
4
2012
5581
0.755
38.5
25.3
34.0
29.6
337.9
258.9
300.4
3281
44.7
110.4
125
157
9.1
1.264
0.0478
49.5
3338
5481
Sedan/Wagon
4
2013
6295
0.765
39.5
26.0
34.7
30.3
326.1
252.6
293.5
3304
44.9
110.1
123
163
8.9
1.339
0.0492
51.5
3433
5692
Sedan/Wagon
4
2014
5856
0.767
39.7
26.0
34.7
30.4
329.4
254.2
293.5
3329
45.2
111.3
123
163
8.9
1.339
0.0488
51.4
3443
5733
Sedan/Wagon
4
2015
6279
0.795
40.1
26.2
35.2
30.6
328.6
250.8
290.5
3351
45.4
111.7
125
168
CO
CO
1.346
0.0497
52.1
Sedan/Wagon
4
2016
5769
0.809
40.4
26.3
35.5
30.9
324.5
247.0
287.8
3326
45.5
111.9
122
168
8.7
1.396
0.0502
52.3
Sedan/Wagon
4
2017
5710
0.818
41.3
27.2
36.4
31.8
296.8
239.4
279.6
3352
45.6
112.3
120
166
8.7
1.405
0.0494
55.3
Sedan/Wagon
4
2018
-
0.787
41.9
27.5
36.1
31.9
277.4
239.7
278.2
3389
45.9
112.7
118
172
8.5
1.473
0.0506
55.6
Sedan/Wagon
5
1975
5
0.001
26.8
21.5
24.5
22.8
472.9
416.3
447.4
3500
183
77
0.421
0.0220
39.8
Sedan/Wagon
5
1976
12
0.001
24.4
20.0
21.7
20.7
510.2
469.6
491.9
4000
183
77
0.421
0.0193
41.4
Sedan/Wagon
5
1977
12
0.001
24.9
20.7
21.6
21.1
492.2
471.2
482.7
4000
105.0
183
77
0.421
0.0193
42.2
2214
4428
Sedan/Wagon
5
1978
39
0.003
20.9
16.5
19.6
17.8
558.5
476.9
525.0
3411
103.6
152
102
15.1
0.690
0.0306
31.5
1873
3249
Sedan/Wagon
5
1979
43
0.004
22.8
18.4
20.7
19.4
515.9
465.3
496.1
3596
106.0
162
100
16.5
0.636
0.0284
35.9
2090
3818
Sedan/Wagon
5
1980
66
0.007
23.8
18.7
22.6
20.3
500.2
413.4
470.1
3357
105.3
152
93
17.1
0.630
0.0281
35.4
2208
3744
Sedan/Wagon
5
1981
59
0.007
25.4
20.1
23.8
21.6
469.0
397.4
442.8
3358
105.3
155
98
16.4
0.650
0.0297
37.4
2330
3971
Sedan/Wagon
5
1982
58
0.007
26.9
21.5
24.7
22.9
443.3
388.9
422.4
3602
105.8
164
114
16.4
0.705
0.0319
42.3
2460
4501
Sedan/Wagon
5
1983
64
0.008
27.4
22.0
25.1
23.3
438.5
387.9
417.9
3660
106.1
165
114
15.2
0.696
0.0313
43.6
2505
4638
Sedan/Wagon
5
1984
116
0.011
24.6
19.4
23.3
21.0
473.0
396.8
440.5
3327
110.3
148
109
14.7
0.748
0.0330
35.8
2334
3929
Sedan/Wagon
5
1985
99
0.009
24.0
18.9
22.8
20.5
488.6
406.1
452.7
3360
110.2
151
117
13.9
0.788
0.0352
34.9
2265
3837
Sedan/Wagon
5
1986
71
0.006
23.3
17.9
22.7
19.8
495.6
391.4
450.0
3035
111.0
136
116
12.6
0.854
0.0383
30.2
2206
3357
Sedan/Wagon
5
1987
45
0.004
23.9
18.3
23.0
20.2
485.0
386.0
441.9
3095
110.7
139
127
12.1
0.914
0.0409
31.7
2253
3499
Sedan/Wagon
5
1988
19
0.002
24.3
18.4
23.7
20.5
483.2
375.1
434.7
3047
104.6
140
129
11.8
0.920
0.0422
31.5
2155
3289
Sedan/Wagon
5
1989
16
0.002
23.8
18.0
22.8
20.0
493.2
390.0
445.4
3416
108.5
140
135
12.0
0.969
0.0398
34.3
2174
3726
Sedan/Wagon
5
1990
18
0.002
23.9
18.0
22.8
20.0
494.3
390.3
446.4
3407
105.1
141
138
11.1
0.980
0.0406
34.4
2125
3630
Sedan/Wagon
5
1991
15
0.002
24.5
18.1
24.0
20.6
494.3
374.1
439.0
3460
106.7
142
141
11.1
1.002
0.0407
36.2
2230
3871
Sedan/Wagon
5
1992
27
0.003
26.1
19.2
25.1
21.7
466.0
358.4
413.5
3497
100.9
150
170
9.6
1.135
0.0486
38.3
2211
3867
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-5 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
4
1987
92.0%
1.5%
6.5%
34.4%
22.6%
43.0%
31.8%
24.9%
43.2%
0.1%
21.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1988
94.1%
1.0%
4.9%
35.2%
14.4%
50.3%
21.5%
32.7%
45.9%
30.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1989
93.2%
1.5%
5.2%
31.8%
14.7%
53.5%
15.0%
43.7%
41.3%
0.1%
38.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1990
93.2%
1.5%
5.3%
30.6%
11.4%
57.9%
1.7%
62.9%
35.3%
0.0%
52.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1991
92.5%
2.1%
5.4%
31.2%
7.9%
60.9%
0.0%
68.9%
31.0%
0.1%
52.9%
2.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1992
88.5%
1.2%
10.3%
30.1%
8.5%
61.4%
86.6%
13.4%
0.0%
58.2%
4.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1993
94.1%
2.0%
3.9%
29.3%
7.8%
62.9%
88.1%
11.9%
54.8%
5.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1994
97.1%
0.7%
2.2%
27.5%
5.4%
67.1%
92.1%
7.9%
60.6%
12.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1995
90.2%
2.2%
7.7%
27.4%
1.9%
70.7%
98.3%
1.7%
75.3%
12.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1996
95.9%
2.5%
1.6%
24.0%
2.1%
73.8%
0.0%
98.3%
1.5%
0.1%
78.4%
14.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1997
95.8%
2.8%
1.5%
21.5%
1.1%
77.3%
0.1%
98.7%
1.2%
0.1%
76.1%
11.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1998
95.6%
3.0%
1.3%
19.3%
0.7%
79.9%
0.1%
99.7%
0.3%
80.5%
22.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4
1999
96.0%
3.1%
0.9%
17.6%
1.1%
81.2%
0.1%
99.6%
0.2%
0.2%
80.3%
18.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2000
95.2%
3.0%
1.9%
17.0%
2.2%
80.7%
0.0%
99.5%
0.5%
79.2%
24.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2001
95.9%
3.1%
1.0%
17.2%
1.6%
80.8%
0.4%
99.5%
0.5%
82.1%
31.7%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2002
95.2%
3.7%
1.2%
16.9%
0.4%
82.0%
0.7%
99.2%
0.8%
83.2%
42.8%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2003
95.4%
3.5%
1.2%
15.8%
82.6%
1.6%
99.3%
0.7%
92.4%
52.1%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2004
95.3%
3.6%
1.1%
14.4%
0.4%
82.5%
2.7%
99.4%
0.6%
96.0%
55.1%
1.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2005
94.4%
4.3%
1.4%
13.0%
0.2%
83.0%
3.8%
99.3%
0.7%
94.4%
66.6%
3.4%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2006
94.5%
4.4%
1.2%
13.5%
0.0%
82.8%
3.6%
98.9%
1.1%
95.5%
73.0%
2.9%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2007
95.5%
3.3%
1.2%
10.8%
73.5%
15.7%
0.5%
99.5%
97.2%
70.0%
5.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2008
94.3%
4.6%
1.1%
10.1%
72.0%
18.0%
3.2%
96.8%
99.0%
68.1%
5.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2009
95.4%
4.2%
0.3%
7.6%
78.5%
13.9%
2.9%
96.1%
1.0%
99.5%
82.1%
4.2%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2010
96.8%
2.8%
0.4%
5.6%
2.4%
72.8%
19.2%
3.1%
95.5%
1.4%
98.8%
94.1%
8.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2011
95.2%
4.5%
0.4%
5.7%
0.4%
76.6%
17.3%
14.7%
83.8%
1.5%
99.1%
95.3%
6.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2012
94.8%
3.6%
1.7%
5.8%
2.3%
72.7%
19.2%
22.9%
75.5%
1.5%
99.2%
97.6%
7.7%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2013
91.7%
4.8%
3.5%
5.9%
2.5%
67.3%
24.3%
35.6%
62.7%
1.7%
99.3%
97.8%
9.0%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2014
91.6%
5.2%
3.2%
4.5%
3.0%
57.4%
35.1%
40.0%
58.1%
1.9%
99.1%
97.4%
7.3%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2015
89.5%
7.0%
3.5%
4.3%
2.2%
55.1%
38.3%
42.3%
56.5%
1.2%
99.3%
98.2%
6.5%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2016
88.2%
7.5%
4.2%
3.8%
4.7%
56.6%
34.9%
51.6%
48.4%
0.1%
100.0%
99.9%
4.8%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2017
85.3%
10.2%
4.5%
4.2%
4.3%
51.4%
40.2%
53.5%
46.4%
0.1%
99.9%
99.9%
7.1%
Sedan/Wagon
4
2018
83.9%
10.0%
6.0%
4.8%
4.1%
51.8%
39.3%
53.9%
45.8%
0.3%
99.9%
99.8%
9.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1975
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1976
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1977
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1978
58.9%
41.1%
8.1%
91.9%
58.9%
41.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1979
40.4%
59.6%
8.9%
91.1%
38.0%
62.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1980
56.6%
43.4%
18.5%
81.5%
41.9%
58.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1981
51.0%
49.0%
21.5%
78.5%
40.8%
59.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1982
37.1%
62.9%
11.0%
89.0%
35.3%
64.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1983
32.2%
0.8%
67.0%
11.7%
88.3%
29.0%
71.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1984
65.8%
2.6%
31.6%
18.2%
81.8%
68.4%
31.6%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1985
63.1%
4.1%
32.7%
15.6%
84.4%
67.3%
32.7%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1986
84.9%
12.6%
2.5%
28.4%
71.6%
97.5%
2.5%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1987
70.4%
24.0%
5.6%
36.5%
63.5%
94.4%
5.6%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1988
60.5%
36.0%
3.5%
56.1%
43.9%
96.5%
3.5%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1989
86.8%
10.9%
2.3%
29.2%
70.8%
97.7%
2.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1990
74.5%
19.0%
6.5%
30.8%
69.2%
93.5%
6.5%
13.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1991
69.0%
16.4%
14.6%
24.5%
20.3%
55.2%
85.4%
14.6%
13.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1992
88.6%
1.1%
10.3%
17.1%
10.3%
72.5%
89.7%
10.3%
86.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-6 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Sedan/Wagon
5
1993
41
0.005
27.1
19.5
26.7
22.5
454.6
331.6
394.5
3509
108.2
149
169
9.0
1.133
0.0481
39.6
2446
4290
Sedan/Wagon
5
1994
54
0.006
26.1
18.7
25.8
21.7
476.0
344.0
409.5
3504
114.7
147
184
8.6
1.252
0.0524
38.0
2491
4364
Sedan/Wagon
5
1995
60
0.006
26.5
18.7
26.5
22.0
475.5
334.8
404.3
3512
118.6
147
185
CO
CO
1.271
0.0528
38.6
2610
4580
Sedan/Wagon
5
1996
84
0.011
26.3
18.5
25.9
21.7
479.5
342.5
409.4
3500
115.6
148
180
9.2
1.221
0.0515
38.0
2514
4399
Sedan/Wagon
5
1997
51
0.006
26.2
18.3
25.8
21.6
485.4
342.9
411.4
3500
117.1
148
181
9.1
1.224
0.0518
37.8
2533
4433
Sedan/Wagon
5
1998
97
0.012
25.7
17.9
25.0
21.1
496.2
353.9
421.9
3609
120.1
148
185
9.3
1.251
0.0514
38.0
2530
4572
Sedan/Wagon
5
1999
64
0.008
26.2
18.2
25.3
21.4
487.1
350.1
414.8
3663
121.2
149
180
9.6
1.213
0.0492
39.2
2599
4752
Sedan/Wagon
5
2000
60
0.007
26.0
17.9
25.1
21.2
496.0
352.9
419.6
3667
121.3
148
182
8.9
1.233
0.0497
38.8
2572
4711
Sedan/Wagon
5
2001
82
0.010
25.9
18.0
24.2
20.9
491.0
361.7
424.4
3745
121.3
148
195
8.4
1.322
0.0522
39.4
2546
4765
Sedan/Wagon
5
2002
77
0.009
27.0
18.4
25.5
21.8
481.2
347.4
408.3
3769
118.8
148
191
8.7
1.287
0.0507
41.0
2584
4881
Sedan/Wagon
5
2003
36
0.005
26.8
18.1
25.6
21.6
488.7
345.0
411.0
3778
118.7
150
191
8.6
1.270
0.0506
40.9
2572
4866
Sedan/Wagon
5
2004
110
0.015
26.8
18.0
25.4
21.6
491.6
346.9
412.3
3804
119.2
152
199
8.6
1.312
0.0524
41.1
2571
4896
Sedan/Wagon
5
2005
134
0.017
27.6
18.3
26.1
22.1
483.1
338.4
402.4
3656
113.9
152
183
CO
CO
1.202
0.0498
40.4
2513
4602
Sedan/Wagon
5
2006
190
0.024
28.5
18.8
27.2
22.8
471.3
326.3
389.6
3562
107.4
152
171
9.0
1.130
0.0480
40.6
2445
4366
Sedan/Wagon
5
2007
201
0.025
28.6
18.9
27.2
22.9
469.9
325.4
388.6
3541
107.1
151
166
9.2
1.096
0.0468
40.5
2447
4336
Sedan/Wagon
5
2008
175
0.024
29.5
19.5
28.0
23.6
456.6
317.0
377.2
3473
42.7
104.5
151
174
CO
CO
1.148
0.0500
40.9
2463
4275
Sedan/Wagon
5
2009
120
0.021
29.5
19.6
27.8
23.5
453.8
319.9
377.7
3463
42.6
104.1
151
173
8.6
1.140
0.0498
40.7
2449
4239
Sedan/Wagon
5
2010
103
0.017
30.8
20.5
28.5
24.4
433.0
311.5
364.0
3430
42.3
105.5
151
169
CO
CO
1.123
0.0494
41.9
2577
4424
Sedan/Wagon
5
2011
113
0.020
32.3
23.0
30.9
26.9
385.4
287.2
330.1
3531
43.6
108.4
151
179
8.6
1.182
0.0506
47.6
2927
5156
Sedan/Wagon
5
2012
233
0.032
31.8
22.1
30.5
26.2
400.6
291.4
339.1
3575
45.1
110.2
152
180
8.6
1.183
0.0501
46.9
2895
5161
Sedan/Wagon
5
2013
239
0.029
31.9
22.2
30.2
26.1
400.2
293.4
340.0
3559
45.1
110.1
152
180
8.6
1.186
0.0504
46.5
2887
5128
Sedan/Wagon
5
2014
43
0.006
31.6
21.7
29.7
25.6
408.4
298.9
346.5
3640
45.3
108.0
152
192
8.4
1.264
0.0525
46.7
2777
5045
Sedan/Wagon
5
2015
9
0.001
30.4
20.2
27.9
24.0
440.7
318.1
370.8
4000
46.9
108.7
154
250
7.3
1.625
0.0625
47.9
2605
5211
Sedan/Wagon
5
2016
5
0.001
30.7
20.4
28.0
24.1
436.0
317.4
368.4
4000
47.5
107.7
154
250
7.3
1.625
0.0625
48.2
2598
5196
Sedan/Wagon
5
2017
0
0.000
28.4
18.9
28.4
23.4
469.0
312.6
379.8
4000
43.5
96.5
151
394
5.4
2.603
0.0985
46.8
2258
4516
Sedan/Wagon
5
2018
-
0.000
28.4
19.0
28.5
23.4
468.5
311.9
379.3
3907
43.1
94.7
151
394
5.3
2.603
0.1011
45.8
2220
4344
Sedan/Wagon
6
1975
1533
0.186
18.4
14.6
17.2
15.7
605.2
508.5
567.6
3625
225
105
0.485
0.0295
28.5
Sedan/Wagon
6
1976
1935
0.199
19.3
15.4
17.9
16.4
574.6
490.4
540.4
3716
231
100
0.445
0.0273
30.6
Sedan/Wagon
6
1977
1851
0.164
19.6
15.6
18.2
16.7
566.4
484.4
533.1
3753
106.6
229
105
0.471
0.0284
31.4
1782
3364
Sedan/Wagon
6
1978
2325
0.208
20.2
15.9
19.2
17.2
556.7
461.1
516.1
3482
108.6
221
107
14.8
0.495
0.0311
30.0
1878
3273
Sedan/Wagon
6
1979
2187
0.203
20.4
16.1
19.2
17.4
548.5
461.4
512.0
3421
108.8
218
109
15.1
0.508
0.0320
29.7
1893
3245
Sedan/Wagon
6
1980
2644
0.280
21.6
16.9
20.6
18.4
523.9
427.1
483.2
3332
111.0
213
110
15.0
0.530
0.0334
30.7
2050
3411
Sedan/Wagon
6
1981
2394
0.274
22.6
17.6
21.7
19.2
503.1
406.4
462.2
3382
111.6
215
110
15.2
0.522
0.0328
32.6
2153
3650
Sedan/Wagon
6
1982
2080
0.266
23.0
17.7
22.5
19.6
498.9
391.4
454.4
3404
112.9
214
114
15.8
0.548
0.0338
33.5
2230
3802
Sedan/Wagon
6
1983
1858
0.232
23.8
18.3
23.5
20.3
485.4
376.5
438.5
3373
111.0
211
116
14.3
0.565
0.0346
34.3
2265
3824
Sedan/Wagon
6
1984
2455
0.230
24.1
18.5
23.8
20.5
480.9
371.6
433.3
3364
111.3
205
117
14.1
0.586
0.0350
34.6
2291
3854
Sedan/Wagon
6
1985
2498
0.232
24.1
18.2
24.3
20.6
485.9
363.8
432.5
3387
111.8
206
124
13.3
0.617
0.0368
34.8
2304
3902
Sedan/Wagon
6
1986
2694
0.245
24.9
18.7
25.5
21.2
475.6
346.3
418.4
3377
112.0
200
134
12.0
0.683
0.0398
35.9
2392
4046
Sedan/Wagon
6
1987
2489
0.232
25.1
18.5
26.1
21.4
480.4
338.7
416.5
3414
112.9
198
143
11.7
0.733
0.0419
36.5
2423
4139
Sedan/Wagon
6
1988
2985
0.278
25.9
18.9
26.8
21.9
468.4
328.8
405.1
3397
113.6
193
142
11.8
0.744
0.0418
37.4
2505
4258
Sedan/Wagon
6
1989
3157
0.315
25.7
18.6
26.6
21.7
475.4
332.5
409.2
3424
114.8
194
146
11.3
0.762
0.0429
37.2
2502
4282
Sedan/Wagon
6
1990
2989
0.339
25.4
18.3
26.4
21.5
483.9
335.0
413.9
3504
114.0
197
150
10.5
0.773
0.0431
37.7
2458
4306
Sedan/Wagon
6
1991
2635
0.309
25.3
18.2
26.0
21.3
487.5
339.5
416.9
3490
113.6
197
156
10.4
0.796
0.0448
37.2
2430
4241
Sedan/Wagon
6
1992
3067
0.378
25.4
18.0
26.2
21.3
491.5
337.7
417.2
3500
114.3
199
158
10.1
0.810
0.0454
37.3
2442
4275
Sedan/Wagon
6
1993
3255
0.385
25.8
18.3
26.2
21.5
484.8
337.0
412.5
3488
113.9
199
158
9.4
0.805
0.0454
37.6
2462
4295
Sedan/Wagon
6
1994
3127
0.372
25.6
18.0
26.0
21.3
491.6
340.2
416.3
3534
113.2
198
159
9.3
0.812
0.0451
37.7
2419
4275
Sedan/Wagon
6
1995
3667
0.390
26.0
18.2
26.6
21.7
488.4
332.7
410.0
3532
113.1
195
172
9.1
0.888
0.0487
38.3
2457
4337
Sedan/Wagon
6
1996
3020
0.383
26.1
18.1
26.5
21.6
490.2
334.4
410.7
3552
113.6
194
172
9.5
0.894
0.0485
38.4
2461
4373
Sedan/Wagon
6
1997
3006
0.361
25.9
17.8
26.3
21.4
497.3
337.3
414.7
3574
114.5
197
179
9.3
0.918
0.0502
38.3
2458
4396
Sedan/Wagon
6
1998
3090
0.388
26.2
17.9
26.5
21.6
495.4
335.0
411.3
3542
113.3
194
180
9.5
0.934
0.0507
38.3
2451
4345
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-7 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
5
1993
93.3%
1.8%
4.9%
15.7%
4.9%
79.4%
100.0%
95.1%
67.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1994
99.1%
0.9%
9.8%
90.2%
100.0%
100.0%
54.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1995
97.6%
2.4%
8.7%
91.3%
100.0%
100.0%
66.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1996
100.0%
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
100.0%
53.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1997
100.0%
3.2%
96.8%
100.0%
100.0%
46.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1998
78.6%
21.4%
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
100.0%
50.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5
1999
72.6%
27.4%
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
51.9%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2000
74.9%
25.1%
1.9%
98.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2001
67.1%
32.9%
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2002
73.2%
26.8%
1.7%
98.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2003
64.5%
25.1%
10.3%
4.0%
96.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2004
62.4%
37.6%
3.8%
96.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2005
76.3%
23.7%
11.2%
88.8%
100.0%
100.0%
67.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2006
86.1%
13.9%
11.3%
88.7%
100.0%
100.0%
39.2%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2007
89.0%
11.0%
12.7%
87.3%
100.0%
100.0%
22.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2008
98.0%
2.0%
14.2%
85.8%
100.0%
100.0%
16.1%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2009
98.0%
2.0%
13.7%
86.3%
100.0%
100.0%
21.8%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2010
99.2%
0.8%
8.9%
91.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2011
100.0%
9.0%
91.0%
100.0%
100.0%
93.3%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2012
99.8%
0.2%
6.9%
93.1%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2013
96.1%
3.9%
4.1%
95.9%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2014
92.9%
7.1%
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
5
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1975
100.0%
19.3%
80.7%
0.1%
91.7%
8.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1976
100.0%
15.2%
84.8%
95.3%
4.7%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1977
100.0%
11.9%
88.1%
93.3%
6.7%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1978
100.0%
9.1%
82.7%
8.3%
94.7%
5.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1979
0.5%
99.5%
9.1%
82.7%
8.2%
93.1%
6.9%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1980
22.0%
1.5%
76.5%
8.2%
66.1%
25.7%
95.5%
4.3%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1981
14.2%
0.8%
85.0%
5.4%
35.8%
58.8%
92.9%
6.8%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1982
19.5%
1.1%
79.4%
5.3%
5.4%
89.3%
79.6%
9.8%
8.0%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1983
22.4%
1.7%
75.9%
6.6%
3.3%
90.1%
85.7%
12.3%
2.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1984
31.5%
0.9%
67.6%
6.1%
1.9%
91.9%
68.8%
21.0%
8.8%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1985
48.6%
0.0%
51.4%
6.3%
1.0%
92.7%
36.7%
41.1%
21.6%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1986
63.4%
0.3%
36.3%
6.9%
2.1%
91.1%
19.6%
64.7%
15.4%
0.3%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1987
73.0%
0.2%
26.8%
7.9%
2.9%
89.2%
2.5%
88.8%
7.9%
0.8%
4.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1988
83.8%
0.2%
16.0%
5.8%
1.7%
92.5%
0.1%
97.6%
2.3%
6.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1989
84.1%
0.3%
15.6%
5.0%
2.0%
93.0%
99.8%
0.2%
6.8%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1990
86.3%
0.1%
13.6%
3.9%
1.8%
94.3%
99.8%
0.1%
0.0%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1991
87.8%
0.4%
11.8%
4.3%
2.0%
93.7%
99.9%
0.1%
10.0%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1992
88.6%
1.3%
10.1%
4.2%
2.7%
93.1%
99.9%
0.1%
0.0%
14.2%
3.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1993
88.2%
0.3%
11.4%
4.3%
1.9%
93.8%
100.0%
0.0%
18.1%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1994
86.4%
0.2%
13.4%
4.3%
1.5%
94.2%
100.0%
0.0%
20.7%
2.2%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1995
87.4%
0.2%
12.4%
4.4%
1.7%
93.9%
99.8%
0.2%
29.8%
6.7%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1996
88.9%
0.7%
10.5%
4.4%
1.3%
94.3%
99.9%
0.1%
34.1%
8.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1997
87.8%
0.6%
11.6%
3.5%
0.1%
96.5%
99.9%
0.1%
35.7%
9.8%
Sedan/Wagon
6
1998
87.8%
1.1%
11.2%
4.0%
0.1%
96.0%
99.9%
0.1%
36.9%
13.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-8 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Sedan/Wagon
6
1999
3589
0.428
26.2
17.8
26.2
21.5
497.8
338.4
413.3
3577
113.2
192
187
9.3
0.980
0.0521
38.5
2439
4367
Sedan/Wagon
6
2000
3910
0.428
26.3
17.8
26.2
21.5
497.2
338.3
412.4
3585
113.9
191
189
CO
CO
1.001
0.0528
38.6
2460
4413
Sedan/Wagon
6
2001
3464
0.412
26.3
17.8
26.0
21.5
497.6
340.9
413.8
3587
112.9
191
194
8.5
1.025
0.0540
38.6
2434
4366
Sedan/Wagon
6
2002
3273
0.394
26.6
17.9
25.9
21.6
494.4
341.5
411.2
3606
114.0
195
200
8.5
1.036
0.0555
39.0
2472
4456
Sedan/Wagon
6
2003
3118
0.394
26.8
17.9
26.2
21.7
495.4
338.4
409.1
3602
112.3
194
201
8.4
1.040
0.0558
39.2
2449
4411
Sedan/Wagon
6
2004
3087
0.410
26.6
17.6
25.8
21.5
501.6
341.8
413.6
3692
113.5
199
209
8.3
1.061
0.0567
39.7
2448
4525
Sedan/Wagon
6
2005
2927
0.365
26.7
17.6
25.8
21.5
501.6
342.3
413.4
3777
115.9
202
214
8.2
1.066
0.0566
40.7
2503
4736
Sedan/Wagon
6
2006
3068
0.384
26.8
17.7
25.7
21.5
501.2
343.2
413.2
3837
115.5
203
225
8.0
1.119
0.0588
41.4
2494
4798
Sedan/Wagon
6
2007
2669
0.330
26.8
17.7
25.9
21.6
499.9
341.2
411.6
3885
114.1
206
233
7.9
1.140
0.0601
42.1
2474
4817
Sedan/Wagon
6
2008
2402
0.328
27.0
17.7
26.2
21.7
500.1
337.5
409.3
3943
47.4
113.5
206
242
7.8
1.184
0.0615
43.0
2475
4889
Sedan/Wagon
6
2009
1332
0.236
27.2
17.9
26.4
21.9
494.5
335.4
405.6
3972
47.4
112.4
208
252
7.4
1.214
0.0634
43.7
2475
4922
Sedan/Wagon
6
2010
1406
0.232
27.3
17.9
26.3
21.9
494.2
336.0
405.5
3979
48.0
112.5
208
257
7.4
1.246
0.0648
43.7
2475
4929
Sedan/Wagon
6
2011
1510
0.263
28.0
18.4
26.8
22.4
482.3
330.0
397.0
4013
47.7
111.4
207
266
7.2
1.288
0.0663
45.1
2506
5034
Sedan/Wagon
6
2012
1338
0.181
28.4
18.6
27.5
22.8
477.2
321.7
390.0
3994
48.1
112.6
211
284
6.8
1.350
0.0712
45.6
2575
5142
Sedan/Wagon
6
2013
1395
0.170
29.0
18.9
28.1
23.2
468.4
315.2
382.8
4024
48.5
112.4
213
295
6.6
1.385
0.0734
46.9
2623
5279
Sedan/Wagon
6
2014
1397
0.183
29.3
19.1
28.2
23.4
464.5
313.5
380.3
4059
48.7
112.0
212
296
6.6
1.398
0.0731
47.7
2631
5345
Sedan/Wagon
6
2015
1196
0.151
29.5
19.1
28.4
23.5
461.7
311.2
378.0
4058
49.0
113.8
211
296
6.5
1.408
0.0732
47.9
2691
5460
Sedan/Wagon
6
2016
1012
0.142
29.9
19.4
28.5
23.7
455.4
310.0
374.8
4049
49.1
114.5
212
300
6.5
1.425
0.0743
48.2
Sedan/Wagon
6
2017
889
0.127
29.9
19.5
28.7
23.9
452.8
306.9
372.4
4033
49.1
115.0
210
304
6.4
1.461
0.0757
48.3
Sedan/Wagon
6
2018
-
0.132
29.9
19.5
28.2
23.7
452.4
313.8
375.6
4098
49.6
115.1
207
313
6.2
1.534
0.0767
48.6
Sedan/Wagon
8
1975
4840
0.588
13.4
10.5
12.9
11.5
833.4
678.6
776.1
4732
376
167
0.446
0.0354
27.3
Sedan/Wagon
8
1976
5729
0.589
15.1
11.9
14.4
12.9
740.5
611.3
689.8
4689
368
165
0.448
0.0352
30.3
Sedan/Wagon
8
1977
7132
0.631
16.2
12.7
15.3
13.8
690.1
574.0
646.0
4450
119.0
348
158
0.455
0.0356
30.8
1651
3665
Sedan/Wagon
8
1978
5882
0.526
17.2
13.4
16.7
14.7
652.5
525.5
605.3
4166
119.2
336
154
12.8
0.460
0.0371
30.8
1777
3680
Sedan/Wagon
8
1979
5354
0.496
17.6
13.8
16.7
15.0
636.5
529.6
595.2
4060
120.6
324
149
13.2
0.460
0.0368
30.6
1826
3698
Sedan/Wagon
8
1980
2169
0.230
19.1
14.7
18.7
16.3
604.4
475.1
551.2
3920
120.6
309
135
14.2
0.439
0.0346
32.4
1999
3939
Sedan/Wagon
8
1981
1778
0.204
20.2
15.4
20.3
17.3
581.8
442.5
523.9
3973
123.0
307
133
14.3
0.440
0.0337
34.9
2168
4331
Sedan/Wagon
8
1982
1377
0.176
20.3
15.3
20.7
17.3
584.3
432.7
519.2
3940
123.4
305
139
14.7
0.457
0.0355
34.6
2169
4320
Sedan/Wagon
8
1983
1859
0.232
20.1
15.1
20.6
17.2
588.2
430.1
518.7
3946
125.0
298
143
13.0
0.482
0.0364
34.0
2154
4274
Sedan/Wagon
8
1984
2316
0.217
20.3
15.3
20.9
17.4
581.4
424.7
511.9
3914
122.3
300
144
12.8
0.483
0.0371
34.1
2130
4202
Sedan/Wagon
8
1985
2229
0.207
21.7
16.3
22.4
18.6
545.6
394.5
479.0
3895
122.8
296
151
12.3
0.509
0.0389
36.2
2284
4471
Sedan/Wagon
8
1986
1651
0.150
22.5
16.7
23.4
19.2
531.9
377.1
462.9
3813
120.2
299
153
11.5
0.511
0.0403
36.6
2315
4440
Sedan/Wagon
8
1987
1387
0.129
22.2
16.4
22.9
18.9
541.2
385.2
470.8
3846
120.2
299
156
11.6
0.520
0.0407
36.3
2278
4406
Sedan/Wagon
8
1988
1247
0.116
22.6
16.5
23.4
19.2
536.4
377.8
463.4
3854
121.5
301
164
11.4
0.544
0.0430
37.0
2338
4540
Sedan/Wagon
8
1989
1071
0.107
22.7
16.5
23.6
19.2
539.0
374.6
462.4
3831
121.5
300
160
11.0
0.535
0.0423
36.9
2343
4523
Sedan/Wagon
8
1990
812
0.092
22.3
16.1
23.3
18.9
550.7
380.7
470.4
3947
121.4
294
173
10.0
0.597
0.0441
37.3
2300
4568
Sedan/Wagon
8
1991
905
0.106
22.8
16.3
23.7
19.2
545.2
373.2
463.0
3947
122.0
298
198
9.2
0.669
0.0504
37.9
2351
4673
Sedan/Wagon
8
1992
951
0.117
22.9
16.3
23.8
19.3
542.4
372.4
460.6
4006
124.1
295
208
CO
CO
0.714
0.0523
38.7
2407
4848
Sedan/Wagon
8
1993
791
0.094
22.8
16.0
23.8
19.1
552.5
372.4
464.3
4010
123.8
296
215
8.2
0.736
0.0542
38.5
2382
4806
Sedan/Wagon
8
1994
933
0.111
22.9
16.1
23.7
19.2
552.1
374.6
463.5
3989
121.2
292
225
7.9
0.776
0.0566
38.3
2331
4679
Sedan/Wagon
8
1995
1014
0.108
22.9
15.9
23.8
19.1
558.1
373.2
464.5
4005
120.3
289
230
7.9
0.803
0.0575
38.3
2307
4643
Sedan/Wagon
8
1996
775
0.098
23.3
16.1
24.1
19.4
552.9
368.4
458.3
4018
122.9
289
241
8.0
0.841
0.0602
39.0
2385
4817
Sedan/Wagon
8
1997
780
0.094
23.2
16.0
23.7
19.3
555.5
373.8
461.2
4001
122.2
279
248
7.9
0.891
0.0620
38.6
2357
4720
Sedan/Wagon
8
1998
672
0.084
23.1
15.9
23.3
19.1
557.8
380.2
464.8
3971
117.5
281
256
7.9
0.918
0.0648
38.0
2251
4487
Sedan/Wagon
8
1999
666
0.079
23.2
15.8
23.5
19.2
560.7
377.4
463.6
3968
119.0
283
251
8.0
0.890
0.0635
38.1
2285
4551
Sedan/Wagon
8
2000
743
0.081
23.3
15.8
23.4
19.2
559.9
378.1
462.9
3986
117.5
281
277
7.1
0.989
0.0697
38.3
2264
4532
Sedan/Wagon
8
2001
673
0.080
23.4
15.8
23.5
19.2
561.9
376.7
462.1
3994
116.5
279
261
7.3
0.939
0.0657
38.4
2246
4507
Sedan/Wagon
8
2002
617
0.074
23.5
15.8
23.1
19.2
560.5
382.4
463.6
4002
109.8
281
270
7.2
0.965
0.0680
38.4
2112
4254
Sedan/Wagon
8
2003
625
0.079
23.3
15.6
23.0
19.0
568.9
384.7
467.4
4163
112.7
281
276
7.3
0.987
0.0672
39.6
2153
4535
Sedan/Wagon
8
2004
555
0.074
23.2
15.3
23.0
18.9
577.4
384.5
470.3
4181
113.3
282
277
7.3
0.984
0.0671
39.6
2151
4553
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-9 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
6
1999
87.9%
1.1%
11.0%
4.0%
0.2%
95.8%
99.9%
0.1%
50.1%
16.2%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2000
85.7%
1.0%
13.3%
5.0%
0.1%
94.9%
100.0%
51.9%
22.8%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2001
82.1%
3.1%
14.8%
4.9%
0.2%
94.9%
100.0%
51.3%
25.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2002
83.3%
4.0%
12.6%
3.8%
0.2%
96.0%
0.1%
100.0%
53.5%
23.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2003
77.7%
3.7%
18.6%
5.3%
94.5%
0.2%
100.0%
52.8%
31.8%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2004
76.9%
6.6%
16.5%
4.5%
0.1%
95.3%
0.1%
100.0%
58.9%
33.6%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2005
72.4%
7.1%
20.6%
3.1%
0.0%
95.4%
1.4%
99.8%
0.2%
58.5%
33.0%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2006
63.8%
7.2%
28.9%
3.7%
0.1%
94.6%
1.6%
99.8%
0.2%
67.2%
52.5%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2007
66.7%
9.4%
23.9%
3.1%
93.1%
3.9%
99.9%
0.1%
67.0%
66.5%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2008
60.4%
12.6%
26.9%
2.8%
93.9%
3.3%
3.0%
96.8%
0.2%
73.0%
64.3%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2009
57.8%
14.2%
28.0%
2.2%
0.3%
92.5%
5.0%
9.3%
90.5%
0.2%
76.2%
83.1%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2010
50.0%
14.9%
35.1%
2.4%
0.3%
91.7%
5.7%
17.1%
82.8%
0.1%
84.1%
84.9%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2011
48.1%
18.0%
33.9%
2.6%
0.5%
91.9%
4.9%
20.8%
78.5%
0.7%
86.5%
97.4%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2012
51.2%
16.4%
32.3%
2.4%
0.9%
90.5%
6.2%
38.6%
61.2%
0.2%
100.0%
99.8%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2013
49.1%
18.3%
32.6%
2.3%
1.1%
91.0%
5.6%
42.1%
57.8%
0.1%
100.0%
99.9%
0.3%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2014
43.3%
19.1%
37.6%
2.3%
1.6%
90.2%
5.9%
46.5%
52.8%
0.8%
100.0%
98.3%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2015
37.7%
24.8%
37.5%
1.9%
2.2%
88.5%
7.4%
44.5%
55.2%
0.3%
100.0%
98.5%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2016
43.8%
24.2%
32.0%
1.9%
2.1%
81.5%
14.5%
41.6%
58.1%
0.3%
100.0%
99.7%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2017
48.0%
26.1%
25.9%
1.5%
2.0%
75.0%
21.4%
42.1%
57.9%
100.0%
99.3%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
6
2018
36.6%
36.0%
27.4%
1.7%
2.2%
78.5%
17.6%
50.7%
49.2%
0.1%
100.0%
99.9%
0.4%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1975
1.7%
98.3%
1.6%
98.4%
99.3%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1976
2.0%
98.0%
1.2%
98.8%
98.6%
1.4%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1977
1.8%
98.2%
1.0%
99.0%
98.9%
1.1%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1978
2.1%
97.9%
1.2%
89.3%
9.5%
97.5%
1.9%
0.6%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1979
3.7%
96.3%
1.4%
85.7%
12.9%
95.3%
2.2%
2.6%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1980
7.6%
92.4%
0.8%
58.7%
40.5%
85.8%
1.4%
3.0%
9.8%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1981
8.8%
91.2%
1.1%
18.6%
80.4%
69.5%
0.8%
13.0%
16.8%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1982
5.5%
94.5%
3.9%
5.3%
90.8%
77.9%
1.3%
9.1%
11.7%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1983
9.6%
90.4%
3.5%
1.0%
95.5%
62.4%
1.0%
34.4%
2.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1984
9.3%
90.7%
3.2%
1.0%
95.8%
61.7%
5.2%
32.5%
0.7%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1985
18.2%
81.8%
2.5%
1.6%
96.0%
52.5%
5.1%
42.4%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1986
12.2%
87.8%
4.3%
2.5%
93.2%
51.6%
36.2%
12.2%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1987
14.2%
85.8%
4.4%
3.2%
92.4%
44.1%
42.0%
13.9%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1988
16.4%
83.6%
6.2%
2.4%
91.5%
23.8%
56.4%
19.8%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1989
21.2%
78.8%
7.2%
2.5%
90.3%
9.1%
54.0%
36.9%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1990
28.4%
71.6%
6.7%
1.9%
91.4%
4.0%
85.9%
10.1%
7.8%
6.6%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1991
20.5%
0.1%
79.5%
5.1%
2.2%
92.7%
70.9%
29.1%
7.4%
6.4%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1992
21.9%
0.0%
78.1%
3.7%
2.0%
94.3%
78.6%
21.4%
CO
8.9%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1993
23.2%
0.0%
76.8%
5.3%
1.9%
92.8%
84.7%
15.3%
16.6%
7.3%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1994
19.3%
0.0%
80.7%
6.1%
1.6%
92.3%
100.0%
21.9%
7.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1995
24.1%
75.9%
6.5%
2.1%
91.4%
100.0%
26.5%
6.8%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1996
27.9%
72.1%
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
36.2%
5.4%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1997
28.3%
0.3%
71.5%
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
44.7%
12.8%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1998
32.5%
0.3%
67.2%
7.2%
0.0%
92.8%
100.0%
52.6%
15.5%
Sedan/Wagon
8
1999
31.4%
0.3%
68.2%
7.8%
0.1%
92.1%
100.0%
44.8%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2000
22.0%
0.8%
77.2%
8.2%
91.8%
100.0%
48.7%
11.3%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2001
24.1%
1.4%
74.6%
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
53.5%
15.4%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2002
23.7%
1.0%
75.3%
11.0%
89.0%
100.0%
60.2%
17.3%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2003
16.2%
1.5%
82.3%
10.2%
89.8%
100.0%
53.9%
14.4%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2004
15.0%
4.8%
80.1%
10.2%
89.8%
100.0%
53.2%
21.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-10 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Sedan/Wagon
8
2005
574
0.072
23.2
15.4
22.7
18.8
576.4
389.7
471.6
4226
112.7
294
297
6.9
1.011
0.0713
39.9
2132
4558
Sedan/Wagon
8
2006
673
0.084
22.8
15.1
22.5
18.6
587.4
392.2
478.4
4214
115.1
304
312
6.7
1.025
0.0747
39.2
2146
4559
Sedan/Wagon
8
2007
514
0.064
22.7
14.9
22.5
18.5
591.9
392.4
480.6
4232
111.3
305
324
6.6
1.063
0.0775
39.2
2064
4413
Sedan/Wagon
8
2008
466
0.064
22.4
14.8
22.2
18.3
598.0
397.9
486.4
4265
49.9
112.1
305
324
6.7
1.066
0.0770
39.1
2058
4429
Sedan/Wagon
8
2009
237
0.042
22.3
14.7
22.0
18.1
601.1
400.1
490.7
4288
49.8
109.7
312
348
6.2
1.118
0.0820
39.1
2005
4341
Sedan/Wagon
8
2010
283
0.047
23.3
15.3
23.2
19.0
578.7
380.0
468.2
4274
49.9
109.8
324
365
6.1
1.129
0.0864
40.7
2097
4513
Sedan/Wagon
8
2011
288
0.050
23.3
15.3
23.2
19.0
577.4
381.7
468.4
4343
50.6
111.3
316
374
6.1
1.189
0.0872
41.3
2123
4642
Sedan/Wagon
8
2012
214
0.029
23.4
15.3
23.3
19.0
577.3
379.0
467.6
4357
50.4
106.7
322
424
5.3
1.338
0.0980
41.6
2039
4486
Sedan/Wagon
8
2013
230
0.028
23.4
15.3
23.6
19.1
578.8
374.5
465.1
4365
50.3
104.2
322
437
5.3
1.390
0.1009
41.9
1999
4421
Sedan/Wagon
8
2014
253
0.033
24.0
15.6
24.3
19.6
566.2
363.5
453.4
4287
50.0
100.4
326
436
5.2
1.368
0.1029
42.1
1965
4298
Sedan/Wagon
8
2015
253
0.032
23.7
15.4
24.2
19.4
573.6
364.4
457.1
4337
50.6
101.3
327
450
5.0
1.402
0.1049
42.3
1975
4363
Sedan/Wagon
8
2016
239
0.034
23.8
15.4
24.5
19.5
573.5
360.0
454.7
4295
50.2
98.6
335
466
4.9
1.413
0.1097
42.1
1934
4233
Sedan/Wagon
8
2017
206
0.030
23.8
15.4
24.5
19.5
575.2
360.8
456.0
4264
49.9
95.7
334
455
4.9
1.388
0.1079
41.8
1877
4075
Sedan/Wagon
8
2018
-
0.027
23.6
15.4
24.2
19.4
574.4
365.6
458.3
4345
50.6
100.8
327
477
4.8
1.495
0.1105
42.4
1969
4339
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1975
2
0.000
11.5
CO
CO
11.4
9.8
1010.9
773.4
908.3
4500
326
285
0.874
0.0633
22.1
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1976
2
0.000
11.0
8.5
10.7
9.4
1047.1
830.4
949.6
4500
326
244
0.748
0.0542
21.1
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1977
2
0.000
11.2
8.7
10.9
9.6
1019.5
814.2
929.7
4445
91.6
326
244
0.748
0.0550
21.3
878
1948
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1978
1
0.000
11.4
9.0
10.7
9.7
989.0
827.7
919.6
4500
93.4
326
268
8.6
0.822
0.0595
21.8
906
2038
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1979
1
0.000
11.0
CO
CO
10.2
9.4
1010.4
869.0
949.1
4500
92.4
326
244
10.2
0.748
0.0542
21.1
866
1949
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1980
0
0.000
13.1
9.9
13.3
11.2
870.7
648.8
792.6
4224
89.5
326
267
9.3
0.818
0.0633
24.1
1027
2157
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1981
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1982
1
0.000
16.5
12.4
17.0
14.1
715.5
522.6
628.7
4000
87.3
326
262
9.9
0.804
0.0655
28.3
1234
2468
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1983
2
0.000
16.5
12.4
17.2
14.1
718.2
517.7
628.5
3989
86.5
325
264
9.0
0.813
0.0663
28.2
1226
2448
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1984
3
0.000
16.6
12.4
17.1
14.2
715.1
518.3
626.7
3997
84.9
326
263
9.0
0.806
0.0657
28.3
1204
2408
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1985
4
0.000
16.5
12.4
16.9
14.1
715.0
526.7
631.1
4000
84.1
325
265
CO
CO
0.816
0.0663
28.2
1189
2377
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1986
5
0.000
16.2
12.1
16.7
13.9
726.1
531.8
641.3
3996
82.5
325
270
8.3
0.833
0.0676
27.9
1157
2313
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1987
3
0.000
16.7
12.5
16.7
14.2
694.8
529.1
627.0
3991
75.4
324
276
8.3
0.855
0.0692
28.7
1094
2186
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1988
9
0.001
16.1
11.9
16.4
13.7
737.5
540.1
649.4
4157
94.0
318
280
8.5
0.884
0.0674
28.6
1302
2731
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1989
11
0.001
16.4
12.0
16.8
13.9
730.2
525.7
638.8
4310
85.4
318
279
8.4
0.880
0.0650
30.3
1204
2599
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1990
9
0.001
16.8
12.2
17.2
14.2
724.0
514.3
625.4
4379
82.7
317
280
7.9
0.889
0.0642
31.2
1182
2589
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1991
7
0.001
16.6
12.0
17.3
14.1
739.6
511.8
631.2
4409
87.0
312
305
7.5
0.977
0.0695
31.1
1234
2727
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1992
5
0.001
16.3
11.8
16.7
13.7
752.2
528.8
646.3
4459
87.2
334
317
7.3
0.949
0.0715
30.7
1191
2691
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1993
4
0.000
16.8
11.9
17.5
14.2
743.8
501.1
627.5
4412
81.0
377
364
6.0
0.981
0.0848
31.1
1131
2593
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1994
7
0.001
17.2
12.1
17.7
14.4
729.2
492.1
616.1
4158
70.8
407
354
5.8
0.878
0.0876
30.0
1009
2150
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1995
6
0.001
16.7
11.7
17.3
14.0
751.9
506.6
633.9
4432
82.3
390
373
6.0
0.975
0.0853
31.3
1160
2630
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1996
4
0.001
18.3
12.6
19.3
15.4
701.8
458.8
578.1
4131
79.8
408
382
5.7
0.950
0.0952
31.8
1233
2669
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1997
4
0.001
17.1
11.5
18.8
14.5
761.7
468.6
614.9
4218
75.6
403
405
5.6
1.018
0.0992
30.8
1112
2459
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1998
4
0.000
17.5
11.9
18.6
14.7
736.8
472.6
604.9
4223
79.4
388
395
5.9
1.027
0.0963
31.4
1198
2626
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1999
3
0.000
16.1
10.9
17.2
13.5
806.8
508.2
656.3
4274
75.2
394
412
5.8
1.062
0.1002
29.4
1044
2364
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2000
4
0.000
16.4
10.9
17.8
13.8
807.4
490.7
645.1
4150
71.5
405
412
5.3
1.033
0.1032
28.9
1001
2188
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2001
6
0.001
17.5
11.6
18.8
14.7
744.2
462.0
605.3
4239
86.4
389
398
5.5
1.034
0.0968
32.1
1347
2983
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2002
4
0.000
17.6
11.5
19.0
14.7
758.7
460.8
604.3
4126
80.7
399
410
5.4
1.042
0.1021
31.0
1247
2683
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2003
5
0.001
17.0
11.2
18.2
14.2
786.3
482.2
625.3
4101
82.0
408
483
4.7
1.216
0.1206
29.7
1199
2594
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2004
8
0.001
16.3
10.6
17.3
13.6
826.3
507.9
654.6
4322
74.1
391
496
4.8
1.311
0.1194
29.8
1034
2398
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2005
10
0.001
16.3
10.7
17.1
13.6
827.9
517.5
655.3
4630
82.2
385
524
4.8
1.390
0.1164
31.6
1124
2717
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2006
16
0.002
16.5
10.7
17.3
13.7
823.6
512.3
648.9
4628
98.1
358
515
4.9
1.468
0.1142
31.7
1347
3182
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2007
17
0.002
16.7
10.9
17.3
13.9
806.0
511.7
641.5
4907
101.2
338
525
5.1
1.557
0.1084
34.1
1419
3511
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2008
14
0.002
16.8
11.0
17.5
13.9
800.4
505.1
637.6
4646
49.3
94.5
353
531
4.9
1.528
0.1174
32.5
1324
3129
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2009
5
0.001
17.3
11.4
17.8
14.3
776.2
494.6
620.7
4680
49.1
85.6
370
541
4.7
1.489
0.1193
33.5
1223
2957
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2010
5
0.001
17.4
11.4
17.9
14.4
0.0
0.0
617.7
4807
50.2
91.7
365
535
4.8
1.487
0.1149
34.8
1336
3305
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-11 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
8
2005
11.2%
5.7%
83.1%
10.5%
0.2%
89.3%
100.0%
52.7%
30.4%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2006
17.4%
4.8%
77.8%
8.9%
0.4%
90.8%
100.0%
50.2%
28.6%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2007
15.5%
5.7%
78.7%
13.4%
0.2%
86.4%
100.0%
59.3%
31.8%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2008
14.7%
6.0%
79.3%
13.4%
0.6%
86.0%
4.6%
95.4%
57.2%
33.7%
0.5%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2009
9.5%
7.7%
82.9%
14.0%
1.1%
84.9%
6.0%
94.0%
53.2%
50.3%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2010
6.0%
10.1%
84.0%
22.2%
1.1%
76.7%
0.0%
9.0%
91.0%
44.7%
61.2%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2011
6.5%
12.1%
81.4%
15.4%
2.4%
82.1%
0.0%
22.0%
78.0%
53.4%
58.1%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2012
16.2%
83.8%
20.0%
2.8%
77.2%
0.0%
35.6%
64.4%
59.5%
83.8%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2013
18.3%
81.7%
21.4%
3.8%
74.7%
0.0%
33.9%
66.1%
56.4%
83.2%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2014
18.7%
81.3%
21.4%
2.9%
75.7%
0.0%
45.5%
54.5%
52.1%
92.3%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2015
15.2%
84.8%
22.9%
2.4%
74.7%
0.0%
44.3%
55.7%
55.2%
94.9%
0.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2016
13.8%
86.2%
21.3%
1.7%
77.1%
0.0%
47.4%
52.6%
44.4%
99.1%
0.0%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2017
11.7%
88.3%
22.2%
1.7%
76.1%
50.0%
50.0%
47.1%
91.2%
Sedan/Wagon
8
2018
2.4%
12.9%
84.6%
22.3%
2.1%
75.6%
41.0%
59.0%
48.9%
91.5%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1975
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1976
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1977
100.0%
10.9%
89.1%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1978
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1980
100.0%
11.5%
88.5%
35.5%
64.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1981
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1983
100.0%
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1984
100.0%
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1985
100.0%
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1986
100.0%
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
6.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1987
100.0%
11.0%
89.0%
100.0%
11.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1988
100.0%
5.4%
61.9%
32.7%
100.0%
5.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1989
100.0%
3.9%
62.3%
33.8%
98.4%
1.6%
3.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1990
100.0%
4.8%
58.2%
37.0%
100.0%
4.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1991
1.6%
98.4%
12.2%
34.4%
53.4%
100.0%
5.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1992
1.1%
98.9%
14.4%
61.2%
24.4%
100.0%
26.4%
20.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1993
0.4%
99.6%
30.9%
43.3%
25.9%
100.0%
43.4%
40.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1994
1.5%
98.5%
40.5%
22.7%
36.8%
100.0%
25.0%
24.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1995
0.8%
99.2%
33.1%
36.4%
30.4%
100.0%
42.4%
53.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1996
0.6%
99.4%
44.5%
55.5%
100.0%
26.9%
55.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1997
1.8%
98.2%
40.8%
59.2%
100.0%
47.2%
61.6%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1998
2.9%
97.1%
37.0%
63.0%
100.0%
39.7%
67.2%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
1999
5.2%
94.8%
47.1%
52.9%
100.0%
45.8%
58.9%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2000
100.0%
56.6%
43.4%
100.0%
53.9%
33.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2001
2.7%
97.3%
39.7%
60.3%
100.0%
56.7%
21.8%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2002
2.4%
97.6%
41.0%
59.0%
100.0%
65.1%
11.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2003
1.6%
98.4%
49.4%
50.6%
100.0%
63.2%
22.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2004
32.5%
67.5%
37.6%
62.4%
100.0%
100.0%
49.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2005
37.1%
62.9%
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
83.5%
80.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2006
31.2%
68.8%
12.1%
87.9%
100.0%
88.7%
89.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2007
41.6%
58.4%
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
100.0%
68.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2008
39.7%
60.3%
18.5%
81.5%
12.9%
87.1%
90.1%
78.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2009
33.8%
66.2%
19.0%
2.8%
78.2%
15.2%
84.8%
88.6%
58.4%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2010
0.1%
39.2%
60.7%
13.0%
12.6%
74.4%
33.0%
66.9%
92.7%
93.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-12 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2011
14
0.003
43.8
30.2
40.3
35.2
0.0
0.0
190.1
3937
45.7
101.2
356
251
8.5
1.548
0.0580
125.6
7523
13541
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2012
23
0.003
48.9
33.8
44.9
39.3
0.0
0.0
158.7
4008
46.9
106.6
360
256
7.2
1.531
0.0585
138.4
8333
15435
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2013
54
0.007
90.3
66.0
73.5
70.1
0.0
0.0
47.8
3923
47.1
112.0
398
227
7.9
1.500
0.0544
183.8
11002
21080
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2014
50
0.007
72.1
51.3
62.6
57.2
0.0
0.0
79.2
3973
46.7
105.6
384
263
7.1
1.548
0.0624
170.1
9655
18700
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2015
85
0.011
100.4
72.5
78.7
75.9
0.0
0.0
39.2
3897
45.9
108.5
372
227
7.6
1.598
0.0541
190.9
11017
21328
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2016
69
0.010
92.4
65.6
74.9
70.6
0.0
0.0
48.1
4173
47.5
110.4
385
261
7.0
1.536
0.0585
198.7
10868
22509
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2017
96
0.014
98.8
70.4
77.3
74.2
0.0
0.0
42.8
4151
46.2
109.8
371
234
6.3
1.692
0.0549
207.3
11376
23582
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2018
-
0.042
145.0
83.4
82.2
82.7
0.0
0.0
9.3
4075
47.9
112.4
356
266
5.6
1.746
0.0642
183.7
10213
20764
Car SUV
3
1975
Car SUV
3
1976
Car SUV
3
1977
Car SUV
3
1978
Car SUV
3
1979
Car SUV
3
1980
Car SUV
3
1981
Car SUV
3
1982
Car SUV
3
1983
Car SUV
3
1984
Car SUV
3
1985
Car SUV
3
1986
Car SUV
3
1987
Car SUV
3
1988
Car SUV
3
1989
Car SUV
3
1990
Car SUV
3
1991
Car SUV
3
1992
Car SUV
3
1993
Car SUV
3
1994
Car SUV
3
1995
Car SUV
3
1996
Car SUV
3
1997
Car SUV
3
1998
Car SUV
3
1999
Car SUV
3
2000
Car SUV
3
2001
Car SUV
3
2002
Car SUV
3
2003
Car SUV
3
2004
Car SUV
3
2005
Car SUV
3
2006
Car SUV
3
2007
Car SUV
3
2008
Car SUV
3
2009
Car SUV
3
2010
Car SUV
3
2011
Car SUV
3
2012
Car SUV
3
2013
Car SUV
3
2014
Car SUV
3
2015
Car SUV
3
2016
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-13 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2011
59.2%
16.6%
24.2%
4.2%
17.0%
78.8%
18.4%
14.1%
32.5%
27.7%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2012
53.8%
30.5%
15.6%
1.8%
15.3%
82.9%
11.2%
15.7%
26.9%
23.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2013
57.0%
37.1%
5.9%
1.6%
35.0%
63.2%
0.2%
3.0%
5.3%
6.7%
8.3%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2014
39.6%
11.6%
48.8%
1.9%
53.8%
44.3%
5.0%
8.8%
12.2%
13.8%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2015
59.5%
25.9%
14.6%
0.5%
39.8%
59.7%
2.3%
4.7%
6.6%
7.0%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2016
47.9%
32.2%
19.9%
0.8%
53.1%
45.0%
1.1%
2.3%
6.2%
7.7%
8.5%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2017
58.1%
23.8%
18.1%
0.9%
68.0%
28.5%
2.7%
2.1%
5.5%
6.8%
7.6%
0.1%
Sedan/Wagon
Other
2018
25.1%
20.4%
54.5%
84.2%
15.4%
0.5%
0.5%
1.1%
1.7%
1.7%
Car SUV
3
1975
Car SUV
3
1976
Car SUV
3
1977
Car SUV
3
1978
Car SUV
3
1979
Car SUV
3
1980
Car SUV
3
1981
Car SUV
3
1982
Car SUV
3
1983
Car SUV
3
1984
Car SUV
3
1985
Car SUV
3
1986
Car SUV
3
1987
Car SUV
3
1988
Car SUV
3
1989
Car SUV
3
1990
Car SUV
3
1991
Car SUV
3
1992
Car SUV
3
1993
Car SUV
3
1994
Car SUV
3
1995
Car SUV
3
1996
Car SUV
3
1997
Car SUV
3
1998
Car SUV
3
1999
Car SUV
3
2000
Car SUV
3
2001
Car SUV
3
2002
Car SUV
3
2003
Car SUV
3
2004
Car SUV
3
2005
Car SUV
3
2006
Car SUV
3
2007
Car SUV
3
2008
Car SUV
3
2009
Car SUV
3
2010
Car SUV
3
2011
Car SUV
3
2012
Car SUV
3
2013
Car SUV
3
2014
Car SUV
3
2015
Car SUV
3
2016
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-14 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Car SUV
3
2017
Car SUV
3
2018
-
0.019
40.3
27.4
29.1
28.3
324.7
305.9
314.0
3500
41.2
61
123
11.5
2.016
0.0351
49.5
Car SUV
4
1975
6
0.614
12.0
9.0
12.2
10.2
982.5
728.0
868.0
4000
257
110
0.428
0.0275
20.5
Car SUV
4
1976
Car SUV
4
1977
Car SUV
4
1978
Car SUV
4
1979
9
0.583
20.8
17.5
17.7
17.6
509.0
501.9
505.8
2750
121
80
17.8
0.661
0.0291
24.2
Car SUV
4
1980
0
0.022
17.0
14.1
14.8
14.4
629.4
601.8
617.4
4000
196
77
21.0
0.393
0.0193
28.8
Car SUV
4
1981
Car SUV
4
1982
11
0.865
23.6
20.7
19.1
19.9
429.1
466.0
445.8
2500
151
84
17.5
0.556
0.0336
24.9
Car SUV
4
1983
14
0.407
23.4
20.3
19.1
19.7
436.7
462.9
450.3
2577
148
87
15.8
0.590
0.0341
25.6
Car SUV
4
1984
4
0.074
23.8
20.2
20.0
20.1
439.0
431.3
442.2
2622
143
91
15.2
0.636
0.0349
26.9
Car SUV
4
1985
8
0.094
25.0
20.0
22.9
21.2
442.0
385.4
418.4
3284
151
98
15.7
0.648
0.0301
35.0
Car SUV
4
1986
8
0.143
26.0
20.4
24.3
22.0
435.0
364.6
403.5
3364
150
107
14.3
0.710
0.0320
37.1
Car SUV
4
1987
7
0.069
25.6
19.8
24.3
21.7
446.4
365.4
409.8
3381
151
100
15.1
0.665
0.0299
36.7
Car SUV
4
1988
4
0.038
26.2
20.1
24.8
22.0
440.8
357.0
403.1
3363
151
102
14.9
0.677
0.0306
37.2
Car SUV
4
1989
5
0.050
22.7
17.6
21.1
19.1
503.9
420.4
465.7
3445
150
113
13.1
0.750
0.0328
32.9
Car SUV
4
1990
10
0.160
23.9
18.6
21.5
19.9
468.4
408.1
446.5
3377
140
106
12.9
0.759
0.0315
33.6
Car SUV
4
1991
51
0.230
22.8
18.4
19.3
18.8
471.9
445.7
471.6
3263
138
92
14.9
0.685
0.0285
30.9
Car SUV
4
1992
56
0.229
23.3
18.5
19.8
19.1
465.5
429.7
464.5
3128
130
99
13.4
0.772
0.0317
30.2
Car SUV
4
1993
56
0.119
23.0
18.3
19.4
18.8
472.5
438.9
471.9
3159
131
99
12.7
0.767
0.0316
29.9
Car SUV
4
1994
77
0.232
24.3
18.7
21.1
19.9
465.3
413.4
447.6
3149
124
105
12.2
0.846
0.0333
31.1
Car SUV
4
1995
38
0.175
26.7
20.1
23.5
21.7
433.4
375.1
409.0
3083
116
95
13.1
0.828
0.0309
33.1
Car SUV
4
1996
61
0.211
27.7
20.6
24.5
22.5
428.2
358.4
395.2
3076
122
114
11.9
0.945
0.0373
34.6
Car SUV
4
1997
164
0.456
27.5
20.2
24.4
22.2
437.4
361.8
399.7
3083
130
125
11.1
0.973
0.0409
34.3
Car SUV
4
1998
88
0.193
27.6
20.3
24.4
22.3
435.8
362.3
399.0
3238
122
123
12.0
1.013
0.0382
36.1
Car SUV
4
1999
92
0.189
27.7
20.3
24.2
22.2
435.8
364.6
400.1
3286
124
132
11.6
1.073
0.0403
36.5
Car SUV
4
2000
103
0.168
26.5
19.3
23.0
21.2
455.8
381.5
420.0
3359
123
133
11.2
1.086
0.0397
35.7
Car SUV
4
2001
200
0.269
27.0
19.5
23.4
21.5
450.7
375.3
413.9
3390
126
137
10.9
1.096
0.0409
36.6
Car SUV
4
2002
167
0.277
27.7
19.6
24.6
22.1
448.2
356.4
402.6
3387
130
143
10.7
1.109
0.0429
37.6
Car SUV
4
2003
185
0.323
28.3
19.6
25.4
22.5
450.6
348.6
395.3
3422
135
144
10.5
1.072
0.0424
38.5
Car SUV
4
2004
159
0.250
28.6
19.6
25.7
22.6
450.2
344.7
392.4
3483
143
151
10.3
1.060
0.0441
39.4
Car SUV
4
2005
193
0.237
29.2
20.2
25.3
22.8
437.9
349.9
389.2
3410
139
153
10.1
1.100
0.0451
39.0
Car SUV
4
2006
213
0.284
29.5
20.3
25.8
23.1
434.0
343.2
384.1
3522
138
152
10.4
1.101
0.0433
40.9
Car SUV
4
2007
293
0.319
29.1
19.9
25.8
22.9
443.0
341.9
388.5
3569
139
163
10.2
1.173
0.0454
41.0
Car SUV
4
2008
379
0.411
29.8
20.4
26.3
23.4
428.5
337.1
380.3
3624
44.6
141
163
10.1
1.156
0.0452
42.7
Car SUV
4
2009
296
0.487
30.4
20.7
27.1
23.9
422.7
327.1
371.5
3632
44.7
147
170
9.5
1.158
0.0469
43.8
Car SUV
4
2010
528
0.577
31.6
21.2
28.6
24.9
416.8
309.6
357.4
3708
46.0
149
178
9.4
1.198
0.0482
46.3
Car SUV
4
2011
796
0.659
31.6
21.1
28.5
24.8
418.8
310.7
358.9
3722
46.1
147
175
9.5
1.195
0.0472
46.3
Car SUV
4
2012
816
0.645
32.0
21.3
28.6
25.0
414.9
309.0
356.2
3758
46.3
146
180
9.3
1.241
0.0481
47.0
Car SUV
4
2013
1079
0.713
33.0
21.9
29.4
25.7
404.0
300.6
346.4
3793
46.3
138
185
9.2
1.361
0.0487
48.7
Car SUV
4
2014
1229
0.785
32.8
21.8
29.1
25.4
405.3
303.6
349.2
3728
45.9
137
181
9.2
1.347
0.0486
47.6
Car SUV
4
2015
1366
0.803
33.9
22.6
30.0
26.3
389.7
294.8
337.9
3742
45.9
139
181
9.1
1.335
0.0485
49.4
Car SUV
4
2016
1656
0.885
34.6
23.2
30.2
26.7
379.2
292.4
332.3
3692
45.6
133
179
9.2
1.371
0.0485
49.5
Car SUV
4
2017
1779
0.907
34.0
22.7
30.2
26.4
388.2
292.6
336.3
3790
46.2
131
184
9.1
1.460
0.0485
50.2
Car SUV
4
2018
-
0.925
34.9
23.4
30.2
26.8
377.3
293.1
332.0
3736
45.9
126
181
9.1
1.496
0.0485
50.3
Car SUV
6
1975
2
0.224
15.8
13.4
13.3
13.4
664.1
664.7
665.3
4000
248
105
0.422
0.0261
26.7
Car SUV
6
1976
10
0.882
12.1
9.1
12.2
10.3
908.1
711.1
862.3
4000
255
119
0.467
0.0298
21.6
Car SUV
6
1977
17
0.909
14.1
11.1
13.4
12.0
778.5
642.2
741.1
4000
256
122
0.478
0.0306
24.8
Car SUV
6
1978
15
0.901
13.3
10.1
13.4
11.4
850.2
653.7
781.8
4000
257
124
14.3
0.483
0.0310
23.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-15 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
3
2017
Car SUV
3
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1975
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1976
Car SUV
4
1977
Car SUV
4
1978
Car SUV
4
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1980
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1981
Car SUV
4
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1983
100.0%
5.5%
92.3%
2.2%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1984
100.0%
24.5%
75.5%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1985
100.0%
50.3%
49.7%
43.2%
56.8%
Car SUV
4
1986
100.0%
54.4%
45.6%
99.8%
0.2%
Car SUV
4
1987
100.0%
61.2%
38.8%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1988
100.0%
60.8%
39.2%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
1989
100.0%
96.8%
3.2%
28.3%
56.6%
15.1%
Car SUV
4
1990
100.0%
86.9%
11.3%
1.7%
31.9%
45.8%
22.3%
Car SUV
4
1991
100.0%
39.4%
0.6%
59.9%
3.5%
12.9%
83.5%
Car SUV
4
1992
100.0%
52.2%
47.8%
5.4%
28.5%
66.1%
Car SUV
4
1993
100.0%
47.3%
52.7%
5.8%
24.5%
69.6%
Car SUV
4
1994
2.9%
97.1%
49.6%
32.7%
17.7%
68.4%
31.6%
7.4%
Car SUV
4
1995
0.8%
99.2%
76.7%
23.3%
47.6%
52.4%
Car SUV
4
1996
29.6%
70.4%
52.5%
47.5%
100.0%
81.4%
Car SUV
4
1997
44.6%
55.4%
43.2%
13.4%
43.5%
100.0%
94.7%
Car SUV
4
1998
53.5%
46.5%
35.9%
64.1%
100.0%
98.1%
Car SUV
4
1999
57.1%
42.9%
27.1%
72.9%
100.0%
87.6%
Car SUV
4
2000
46.1%
53.9%
19.1%
80.9%
100.0%
84.8%
Car SUV
4
2001
47.2%
52.8%
18.1%
81.9%
100.0%
66.2%
20.4%
Car SUV
4
2002
77.4%
22.6%
21.7%
77.9%
0.4%
100.0%
88.5%
48.6%
Car SUV
4
2003
94.0%
6.0%
19.7%
66.6%
13.6%
100.0%
91.1%
37.4%
Car SUV
4
2004
93.6%
6.4%
20.6%
71.9%
7.5%
100.0%
100.0%
54.3%
Car SUV
4
2005
99.5%
0.5%
14.3%
83.5%
2.2%
100.0%
100.0%
36.9%
2.2%
Car SUV
4
2006
100.0%
8.8%
87.4%
3.8%
100.0%
100.0%
47.2%
3.8%
Car SUV
4
2007
100.0%
3.6%
94.0%
2.4%
100.0%
100.0%
71.3%
5.0%
Car SUV
4
2008
100.0%
1.6%
84.6%
13.9%
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
78.1%
5.7%
Car SUV
4
2009
100.0%
1.0%
84.2%
14.8%
2.7%
97.3%
100.0%
96.8%
5.5%
Car SUV
4
2010
92.6%
7.4%
0.4%
90.4%
9.2%
27.8%
72.2%
100.0%
100.0%
1.2%
Car SUV
4
2011
91.9%
8.1%
0.0%
0.8%
89.9%
9.3%
28.5%
71.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.6%
Car SUV
4
2012
89.2%
10.4%
0.4%
0.7%
85.0%
14.3%
42.2%
57.8%
100.0%
100.0%
0.4%
Car SUV
4
2013
95.4%
4.4%
0.2%
0.5%
87.6%
11.9%
56.7%
43.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
2014
95.7%
4.3%
0.9%
89.2%
9.9%
54.8%
45.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
4
2015
96.3%
3.6%
0.1%
0.7%
74.6%
24.7%
53.0%
47.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Car SUV
4
2016
87.7%
11.1%
1.2%
0.7%
3.3%
65.7%
30.3%
49.6%
50.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Car SUV
4
2017
89.4%
8.6%
2.0%
0.2%
3.4%
78.3%
18.1%
60.9%
39.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Car SUV
4
2018
91.1%
7.4%
1.6%
0.5%
1.9%
78.4%
19.2%
57.6%
41.0%
1.4%
100.0%
98.6%
0.5%
Car SUV
6
1975
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1976
100.0%
76.1%
23.9%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1977
100.0%
89.3%
10.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1978
100.0%
91.9%
8.1%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-16 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Car SUV
6
1979
4
0.264
13.9
11.1
12.8
11.8
797.5
693.5
751.9
4000
256
124
14.3
0.483
0.0310
23.7
Car SUV
6
1980
0
0.361
19.0
15.8
16.4
16.1
563.0
541.8
553.4
4000
225
100
18.5
0.444
0.0250
32.1
Car SUV
6
1981
Car SUV
6
1982
2
0.135
22.0
17.3
20.9
18.8
502.3
411.4
473.6
3461
207
112
16.3
0.558
0.0330
32.6
Car SUV
6
1983
20
0.593
25.0
19.0
25.4
21.4
467.4
349.6
415.4
3500
173
110
15.1
0.636
0.0314
37.5
Car SUV
6
1984
51
0.926
22.5
17.3
22.3
19.2
511.5
387.5
462.2
3555
182
110
15.2
0.614
0.0311
34.5
Car SUV
6
1985
80
0.906
23.3
17.4
24.3
20.0
510.1
364.4
445.1
3488
173
110
15.0
0.636
0.0315
34.9
Car SUV
6
1986
51
0.857
21.7
16.7
21.3
18.5
533.4
416.9
480.6
3499
173
123
13.3
0.714
0.0353
32.4
Car SUV
6
1987
88
0.931
22.7
16.9
23.0
19.3
523.8
386.1
461.1
3500
181
133
12.9
0.735
0.0379
33.8
Car SUV
6
1988
105
0.962
22.6
17.0
22.4
19.2
522.8
394.5
464.1
3500
201
143
12.2
0.720
0.0409
33.6
Car SUV
6
1989
102
0.950
22.7
17.0
22.1
19.1
520.7
401.0
465.0
3500
230
149
11.3
0.664
0.0427
33.5
Car SUV
6
1990
55
0.840
22.2
16.6
21.5
18.7
534.2
411.3
476.4
3545
222
153
10.5
0.706
0.0434
33.1
Car SUV
6
1991
172
0.770
21.5
15.9
20.9
18.0
556.2
422.8
493.0
3873
238
160
10.9
0.678
0.0415
35.0
Car SUV
6
1992
187
0.771
20.9
15.5
20.2
17.5
573.3
437.2
508.1
3886
234
169
10.4
0.722
0.0436
34.1
Car SUV
6
1993
338
0.715
20.7
15.1
20.1
17.3
585.1
439.3
514.4
3927
238
184
9.3
0.774
0.0469
34.1
Car SUV
6
1994
255
0.768
21.1
15.4
20.3
17.6
575.1
436.5
506.3
3913
234
181
9.3
0.774
0.0464
34.4
Car SUV
6
1995
182
0.825
20.7
15.0
20.0
17.2
591.7
443.6
518.0
3907
235
180
9.6
0.773
0.0463
33.7
Car SUV
6
1996
226
0.789
21.3
15.3
20.4
17.6
577.7
434.6
505.4
3879
240
181
9.9
0.763
0.0468
34.2
Car SUV
6
1997
189
0.525
21.1
15.2
20.0
17.4
583.8
442.6
511.6
3938
237
187
9.7
0.797
0.0475
34.3
Car SUV
6
1998
362
0.796
21.4
15.3
20.2
17.5
581.7
440.2
507.4
3964
240
179
10.2
0.752
0.0452
34.8
Car SUV
6
1999
396
0.811
21.8
15.6
20.4
17.8
569.5
435.7
498.8
3958
231
178
10.3
0.793
0.0451
35.3
Car SUV
6
2000
499
0.809
21.4
15.2
19.9
17.4
584.2
446.3
510.8
3972
228
180
9.8
0.810
0.0454
34.6
Car SUV
6
2001
535
0.719
22.2
15.6
20.8
18.1
568.0
424.3
492.3
3901
217
194
9.2
0.913
0.0500
35.4
Car SUV
6
2002
434
0.721
22.8
15.9
21.2
18.4
556.4
414.5
482.1
3885
203
192
9.4
0.963
0.0497
36.0
Car SUV
6
2003
385
0.670
23.5
16.3
21.7
18.9
543.1
406.9
470.2
3855
203
197
9.1
0.985
0.0513
36.6
Car SUV
6
2004
466
0.729
24.0
16.4
22.5
19.3
540.7
393.2
460.1
3962
205
210
8.9
1.029
0.0530
38.4
Car SUV
6
2005
614
0.756
24.4
16.6
22.6
19.6
534.1
391.2
454.5
3976
200
203
9.0
1.020
0.0512
38.9
Car SUV
6
2006
534
0.711
24.5
16.6
22.7
19.6
534.5
389.8
453.9
4009
201
207
9.0
1.031
0.0516
39.3
Car SUV
6
2007
623
0.678
24.7
16.7
22.9
19.8
529.9
386.8
449.9
4103
207
229
8.6
1.105
0.0557
40.6
Car SUV
6
2008
542
0.587
24.9
16.7
23.2
19.9
528.5
381.4
446.2
4093
47.3
204
231
8.5
1.131
0.0565
40.8
Car SUV
6
2009
311
0.511
25.7
17.4
23.8
20.5
509.6
372.4
433.0
4047
47.5
202
240
8.0
1.190
0.0596
41.5
Car SUV
6
2010
387
0.423
26.3
17.8
24.1
20.9
495.8
367.1
424.8
4278
48.1
202
261
7.7
1.298
0.0614
44.9
Car SUV
6
2011
411
0.341
27.0
18.2
24.7
21.4
485.2
358.9
415.0
4214
48.3
203
269
7.5
1.335
0.0642
45.2
Car SUV
6
2012
449
0.355
26.1
17.6
24.1
20.8
502.7
367.2
427.9
4200
47.8
206
266
7.6
1.294
0.0635
43.8
Car SUV
6
2013
434
0.287
27.3
18.1
25.2
21.6
487.0
350.9
411.9
4393
49.0
215
286
7.4
1.328
0.0653
47.6
Car SUV
6
2014
336
0.214
26.8
17.8
25.0
21.3
495.5
354.3
417.4
4367
48.6
213
287
7.3
1.347
0.0659
46.6
Car SUV
6
2015
335
0.197
26.9
18.0
24.7
21.3
489.3
358.2
417.0
4384
48.3
213
288
7.3
1.355
0.0659
46.9
Car SUV
6
2016
196
0.105
26.6
17.6
25.2
21.2
499.5
350.9
418.3
4391
48.9
215
296
7.1
1.381
0.0676
46.9
Car SUV
6
2017
165
0.084
27.7
18.3
26.3
22.1
480.4
336.2
401.3
4367
48.9
214
293
7.1
1.371
0.0671
48.6
Car SUV
6
2018
-
0.047
28.6
18.9
26.9
22.7
469.0
329.3
390.7
4321
48.7
211
285
7.1
1.359
0.0661
49.2
Car SUV
8
1975
2
0.162
14.5
11.6
13.5
12.4
762.8
649.6
719.4
4000
298
135
0.450
0.0336
24.9
Car SUV
8
1976
1
0.118
15.5
11.8
15.5
13.2
752.0
568.2
672.5
3883
326
153
0.469
0.0395
25.8
Car SUV
8
1977
2
0.091
16.6
13.0
16.0
14.2
680.9
555.2
626.8
4000
314
147
0.467
0.0367
28.4
Car SUV
8
1978
2
0.099
16.3
13.1
14.8
13.8
675.5
598.1
642.1
4000
313
145
12.8
0.464
0.0363
27.7
Car SUV
8
1979
2
0.152
12.4
10.2
10.8
10.5
856.4
805.1
847.8
4000
307
127
14.4
0.413
0.0317
21.3
Car SUV
8
1980
0
0.617
16.3
13.0
15.0
13.8
679.9
590.3
642.3
4000
316
137
14.6
0.433
0.0342
27.8
Car SUV
8
1981
0
1.000
17.3
13.7
16.1
14.7
647.9
553.4
605.4
4000
318
140
14.3
0.440
0.0350
29.4
Car SUV
8
1982
Car SUV
8
1983
Car SUV
8
1984
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-17 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
6
1979
100.0%
95.3%
4.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1980
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1981
Car SUV
6
1982
100.0%
33.9%
66.1%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1983
100.0%
28.7%
71.3%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1984
100.0%
19.0%
11.0%
69.9%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1985
100.0%
12.3%
87.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
1986
100.0%
12.0%
88.0%
15.3%
0.0%
84.6%
Car SUV
6
1987
100.0%
10.8%
89.2%
35.2%
64.8%
Car SUV
6
1988
100.0%
23.1%
76.9%
50.2%
49.8%
Car SUV
6
1989
100.0%
23.8%
76.2%
44.1%
55.9%
Car SUV
6
1990
100.0%
25.2%
74.8%
66.6%
33.4%
Car SUV
6
1991
100.0%
17.0%
83.0%
60.1%
39.9%
Car SUV
6
1992
100.0%
16.3%
83.7%
80.3%
19.7%
Car SUV
6
1993
100.0%
7.4%
92.6%
99.4%
0.6%
Car SUV
6
1994
2.5%
97.5%
13.0%
87.0%
99.3%
0.7%
12.7%
Car SUV
6
1995
100.0%
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
23.1%
Car SUV
6
1996
100.0%
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
19.3%
Car SUV
6
1997
100.0%
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
21.7%
Car SUV
6
1998
100.0%
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
12.8%
Car SUV
6
1999
5.6%
94.4%
4.1%
95.9%
100.0%
27.0%
5.6%
Car SUV
6
2000
6.2%
93.8%
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
24.5%
6.2%
Car SUV
6
2001
34.0%
66.0%
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
35.2%
6.3%
Car SUV
6
2002
47.2%
52.8%
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
63.6%
6.7%
Car SUV
6
2003
53.2%
46.8%
1.2%
92.7%
6.1%
100.0%
57.1%
10.4%
Car SUV
6
2004
68.0%
2.2%
29.8%
0.9%
93.1%
6.1%
100.0%
66.4%
30.4%
Car SUV
6
2005
66.7%
18.6%
14.7%
0.4%
94.4%
5.2%
100.0%
57.0%
23.6%
Car SUV
6
2006
69.4%
11.6%
19.0%
0.9%
93.4%
5.8%
100.0%
81.4%
27.4%
Car SUV
6
2007
78.8%
6.6%
14.6%
0.7%
94.7%
4.6%
100.0%
74.4%
35.1%
Car SUV
6
2008
78.3%
8.7%
12.9%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
82.3%
41.0%
Car SUV
6
2009
85.1%
5.3%
9.6%
0.2%
87.5%
12.3%
100.0%
88.5%
51.7%
Car SUV
6
2010
82.7%
10.8%
6.5%
0.0%
92.9%
7.1%
23.9%
76.1%
100.0%
99.9%
1.5%
Car SUV
6
2011
82.8%
12.7%
4.5%
94.6%
5.4%
26.0%
74.0%
100.0%
99.5%
0.6%
Car SUV
6
2012
67.8%
22.0%
10.2%
94.6%
5.4%
34.7%
65.3%
94.4%
94.4%
0.4%
Car SUV
6
2013
78.6%
16.2%
5.2%
95.4%
4.6%
25.6%
74.4%
100.0%
100.0%
1.1%
Car SUV
6
2014
73.7%
20.3%
6.1%
93.0%
7.0%
41.2%
58.8%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Car SUV
6
2015
67.0%
26.5%
6.5%
98.7%
1.3%
51.9%
48.1%
100.0%
100.0%
1.3%
Car SUV
6
2016
73.9%
24.9%
1.2%
99.7%
0.3%
48.4%
51.6%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Car SUV
6
2017
79.1%
18.0%
2.9%
100.0%
24.0%
76.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
6
2018
100.0%
100.0%
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1975
100.0%
42.8%
57.2%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1976
100.0%
17.0%
83.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1977
100.0%
14.6%
85.4%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1978
100.0%
14.3%
85.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1979
100.0%
82.3%
17.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1980
100.0%
2.7%
15.2%
82.1%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1981
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1982
Car SUV
8
1983
Car SUV
8
1984
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-18 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Car SUV
8
1985
Car SUV
8
1986
Car SUV
8
1987
Car SUV
8
1988
Car SUV
8
1989
Car SUV
8
1990
Car SUV
8
1991
Car SUV
8
1992
Car SUV
8
1993
79
0.167
18.0
13.1
17.8
15.1
680.2
498.9
589.7
4000
318
215
8.3
0.676
0.0538
30.1
Car SUV
8
1994
Car SUV
8
1995
Car SUV
8
1996
Car SUV
8
1997
7
0.019
18.3
13.2
17.5
15.1
675.5
507.4
587.5
4000
318
215
CO
CO
0.676
0.0538
30.3
Car SUV
8
1998
5
0.010
18.3
13.1
17.6
15.1
680.1
504.9
587.4
4000
318
220
9.0
0.692
0.0550
30.3
Car SUV
8
1999
Car SUV
8
2000
14
0.023
19.6
13.8
18.5
16.0
644.7
479.8
555.5
4000
287
235
8.2
0.819
0.0588
32.0
Car SUV
8
2001
9
0.012
19.8
13.7
19.3
16.3
650.4
460.0
546.3
4000
287
230
8.0
0.801
0.0575
32.5
Car SUV
8
2002
1
0.002
19.0
13.0
18.4
15.5
681.8
483.4
572.2
4000
287
270
7.3
0.941
0.0675
31.1
Car SUV
8
2003
4
0.008
22.2
15.2
21.1
18.0
584.7
420.2
494.0
4000
278
318
6.6
1.146
0.0795
36.1
Car SUV
8
2004
13
0.021
19.8
13.4
19.1
16.1
661.3
466.1
551.3
4500
279
316
7.2
1.132
0.0702
36.3
Car SUV
8
2005
6
0.007
20.3
13.3
20.7
16.7
670.5
428.9
532.9
4848
279
315
7.5
1.129
0.0651
40.4
Car SUV
8
2006
4
0.005
20.2
13.2
20.5
16.6
670.7
432.4
535.1
5000
279
317
7.6
1.136
0.0634
41.5
Car SUV
8
2007
2
0.003
19.3
12.8
19.1
15.8
692.1
464.9
563.1
5000
279
315
7.5
1.129
0.0630
39.5
Car SUV
8
2008
2
0.002
19.5
12.9
19.5
16.0
687.2
455.2
555.2
5000
50.2
279
319
7.5
1.143
0.0638
40.0
Car SUV
8
2009
1
0.002
21.0
14.0
20.5
17.1
630.9
431.7
519.7
4765
50.3
280
327
7.0
1.167
0.0690
40.8
Car SUV
8
2010
0
0.000
22.7
15.3
21.5
18.3
581.1
412.5
485.0
4500
50.5
281
337
6.7
1.199
0.0749
41.2
Car SUV
8
2011
0
0.000
22.8
15.4
21.6
18.4
576.1
411.8
482.5
4500
51.0
281
337
6.7
1.201
0.0749
41.4
Car SUV
8
2012
Car SUV
8
2013
Car SUV
8
2014
Car SUV
8
2015
Car SUV
8
2016
Car SUV
8
2017
Car SUV
8
2018
Car SUV
Other
1975
Car SUV
Other
1976
Car SUV
Other
1977
Car SUV
Other
1978
Car SUV
Other
1979
Car SUV
Other
1980
Car SUV
Other
1981
Car SUV
Other
1982
Car SUV
Other
1983
Car SUV
Other
1984
Car SUV
Other
1985
Car SUV
Other
1986
Car SUV
Other
1987
Car SUV
Other
1988
Car SUV
Other
1989
Car SUV
Other
1990
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-19 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
8
1985
Car SUV
8
1986
Car SUV
8
1987
Car SUV
8
1988
Car SUV
8
1989
Car SUV
8
1990
Car SUV
8
1991
Car SUV
8
1992
Car SUV
8
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1994
Car SUV
8
1995
Car SUV
8
1996
Car SUV
8
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
1999
Car SUV
8
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
68.5%
68.5%
Car SUV
8
2004
83.6%
16.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2005
69.5%
30.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2006
63.2%
36.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2007
75.3%
24.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2008
80.3%
19.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2009
40.3%
59.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
8
2012
Car SUV
8
2013
Car SUV
8
2014
Car SUV
8
2015
Car SUV
8
2016
Car SUV
8
2017
Car SUV
8
2018
Car SUV
Other
1975
Car SUV
Other
1976
Car SUV
Other
1977
Car SUV
Other
1978
Car SUV
Other
1979
Car SUV
Other
1980
Car SUV
Other
1981
Car SUV
Other
1982
Car SUV
Other
1983
Car SUV
Other
1984
Car SUV
Other
1985
Car SUV
Other
1986
Car SUV
Other
1987
Car SUV
Other
1988
Car SUV
Other
1989
Car SUV
Other
1990
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-20 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Car SUV
Other
1991
Car SUV
Other
1992
Car SUV
Other
1993
Car SUV
Other
1994
Car SUV
Other
1995
Car SUV
Other
1996
Car SUV
Other
1997
Car SUV
Other
1998
Car SUV
Other
1999
Car SUV
Other
2000
Car SUV
Other
2001
Car SUV
Other
2002
Car SUV
Other
2003
Car SUV
Other
2004
Car SUV
Other
2005
Car SUV
Other
2006
Car SUV
Other
2007
Car SUV
Other
2008
Car SUV
Other
2009
Car SUV
Other
2010
Car SUV
Other
2011
Car SUV
Other
2012
0
0.000
108.2
77.9
73.3
75.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4036
45.0
153
7.7
0.0380
151.7
Car SUV
Other
2013
1
0.001
107.9
77.5
73.2
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4062
45.0
152
7.0
0.0377
152.1
Car SUV
Other
2014
1
0.001
107.9
77.6
73.2
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4059
45.0
152
7.0
0.0377
152.1
Car SUV
Other
2015
0
0.000
71.1
49.3
50.7
50.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
4500
45.2
134
12.5
0.0298
112.7
Car SUV
Other
2016
18
0.009
124.1
89.5
93.0
91.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
5515
54.5
404
4.8
0.0733
252.7
Car SUV
Other
2017
17
0.009
122.1
87.8
91.8
90.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5738
54.8
758
4.0
0.1323
258.7
Car SUV
Other
2018
-
0.009
120.2
71.7
73.1
72.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
5831
54.8
758
4.0
0.1301
211.4
Van
4
1975
2
0.004
20.6
16.2
19.6
17.5
549.1
452.4
506.4
3498
118
78
0.656
0.0224
30.7
Van
4
1976
2
0.003
19.9
15.1
20.1
17.0
587.4
440.4
522.5
3500
120
67
0.558
0.0191
29.8
Van
4
1977
2
0.004
22.2
17.2
21.5
18.9
515.5
412.7
469.7
3500
120
67
0.558
0.0191
33.1
Van
4
1978
3
0.004
20.0
15.7
19.1
17.0
567.6
464.0
521.3
3500
120
67
20.9
0.558
0.0191
29.8
Van
4
1979
8
0.018
18.7
14.8
17.6
16.0
599.0
501.6
557.1
3500
120
67
22.3
0.558
0.0191
28.0
Van
4
1980
16
0.065
19.0
14.7
18.6
16.2
604.0
475.7
547.3
3619
120
67
23.2
0.558
0.0186
29.4
Van
4
1981
11
0.046
18.5
14.6
17.4
15.8
606.2
509.8
563.4
3644
120
67
23.2
0.558
0.0185
28.7
Van
4
1982
15
0.048
21.7
17.7
19.4
18.4
494.7
474.9
502.0
3668
111
61
26.7
0.550
0.0168
35.6
Van
4
1983
14
0.037
19.7
15.6
18.4
16.8
555.5
479.3
533.0
3567
118
69
22.2
0.583
0.0194
30.3
Van
4
1984
217
0.321
24.7
19.7
22.8
21.0
445.9
384.9
424.0
3380
136
94
17.4
0.694
0.0281
35.7
Van
4
1985
341
0.399
24.0
19.2
22.1
20.4
460.0
398.9
435.9
3409
142
97
17.0
0.690
0.0287
34.9
Van
4
1986
354
0.339
24.7
19.6
22.9
20.9
451.7
385.5
424.2
3425
146
99
16.1
0.681
0.0290
36.0
Van
4
1987
268
0.241
24.6
19.3
22.7
20.7
457.4
386.6
428.3
3401
143
100
16.1
0.702
0.0296
35.4
Van
4
1988
143
0.127
25.3
19.8
23.2
21.3
446.8
379.5
417.8
3464
145
98
16.8
0.678
0.0283
37.0
Van
4
1989
224
0.176
24.7
19.2
22.6
20.7
461.0
391.3
429.2
3505
149
110
15.4
0.743
0.0316
36.3
Van
4
1990
102
0.080
25.5
19.5
23.6
21.3
453.5
373.0
417.4
3544
149
109
14.5
0.736
0.0310
37.9
Van
4
1991
146
0.141
23.9
18.2
22.2
19.9
486.7
397.9
445.6
3791
148
120
14.3
0.814
0.0316
37.8
Van
4
1992
141
0.116
25.0
18.8
23.2
20.7
469.3
380.3
428.8
3588
145
117
13.7
0.812
0.0325
37.2
Van
4
1993
92
0.064
24.6
18.3
23.1
20.4
482.5
378.4
435.7
3638
147
118
12.9
0.809
0.0324
37.2
Van
4
1994
66
0.046
24.7
18.3
23.0
20.4
482.0
383.9
435.3
3604
149
116
12.9
0.782
0.0322
36.8
Van
4
1995
88
0.053
25.1
18.6
22.9
20.6
476.1
386.6
432.1
3621
143
131
12.4
0.921
0.0360
37.2
Van
4
1996
66
0.047
24.8
18.2
22.9
20.3
485.2
383.8
437.1
3817
142
149
12.0
1.050
0.0392
38.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-21 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Car SUV
Other
1991
Car SUV
Other
1992
Car SUV
Other
1993
Car SUV
Other
1994
Car SUV
Other
1995
Car SUV
Other
1996
Car SUV
Other
1997
Car SUV
Other
1998
Car SUV
Other
1999
Car SUV
Other
2000
Car SUV
Other
2001
Car SUV
Other
2002
Car SUV
Other
2003
Car SUV
Other
2004
Car SUV
Other
2005
Car SUV
Other
2006
Car SUV
Other
2007
Car SUV
Other
2008
Car SUV
Other
2009
Car SUV
Other
2010
Car SUV
Other
2011
Car SUV
Other
2012
100.0%
2.4%
97.6%
Car SUV
Other
2013
100.0%
4.2%
95.8%
Car SUV
Other
2014
100.0%
3.9%
96.1%
Car SUV
Other
2015
100.0%
100.0%
Car SUV
Other
2016
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
Car SUV
Other
2017
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
0.0%
Car SUV
Other
2018
0.7%
99.3%
99.3%
0.7%
Van
4
1975
100.0%
43.3%
56.7%
38.9%
61.1%
Van
4
1976
100.0%
84.8%
15.2%
100.0%
Van
4
1977
100.0%
89.9%
10.1%
100.0%
Van
4
1978
100.0%
85.0%
15.0%
100.0%
Van
4
1979
100.0%
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
Van
4
1980
100.0%
82.9%
17.1%
100.0%
Van
4
1981
100.0%
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
Van
4
1982
100.0%
89.0%
11.0%
61.7%
38.3%
Van
4
1983
4.2%
95.8%
76.9%
23.1%
93.6%
6.4%
Van
4
1984
69.5%
30.5%
30.2%
50.7%
19.1%
0.0%
68.6%
20.7%
9.8%
0.9%
Van
4
1985
76.0%
0.9%
23.1%
19.9%
64.9%
15.3%
76.9%
15.8%
7.4%
Van
4
1986
72.0%
3.8%
24.2%
17.8%
62.3%
19.9%
75.8%
21.8%
2.4%
Van
4
1987
59.8%
8.0%
32.2%
19.1%
47.6%
32.5%
0.9%
58.7%
31.1%
10.3%
Van
4
1988
67.7%
6.2%
26.1%
18.1%
54.1%
27.8%
31.6%
68.4%
Van
4
1989
83.9%
3.4%
12.7%
9.5%
76.2%
14.2%
0.1%
46.0%
54.0%
Van
4
1990
80.2%
6.9%
13.0%
17.3%
12.1%
70.3%
0.3%
44.7%
55.3%
Van
4
1991
34.0%
11.2%
54.8%
7.6%
1.8%
90.6%
70.4%
29.6%
Van
4
1992
61.9%
9.4%
28.7%
11.9%
88.1%
62.0%
38.0%
Van
4
1993
59.8%
4.7%
35.5%
9.8%
90.2%
53.1%
46.9%
Van
4
1994
66.7%
10.1%
23.3%
7.8%
92.2%
44.2%
55.8%
37.1%
Van
4
1995
71.1%
10.6%
18.3%
1.3%
98.7%
67.4%
32.6%
67.4%
Van
4
1996
87.7%
1.8%
10.6%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-22 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Van
4
1997
67
0.053
24.9
18.1
22.9
20.3
489.4
388.0
436.9
3831
142
144
12.3
1.008
0.0375
39.0
Van
4
1998
140
0.094
25.2
17.8
24.0
20.6
498.4
369.0
430.7
3941
165
173
11.1
1.047
0.0439
40.7
Van
4
1999
132
0.090
24.8
17.4
23.5
20.2
510.1
378.2
439.9
3999
166
171
11.5
1.027
0.0428
40.4
Van
4
2000
62
0.037
26.0
18.2
24.4
21.1
489.3
364.8
422.0
4000
148
150
12.2
1.014
0.0375
42.1
Van
4
2001
29
0.023
25.4
18.0
22.9
20.4
493.9
387.7
435.7
4000
148
150
12.0
1.014
0.0375
40.8
Van
4
2002
38
0.031
25.6
17.6
24.2
20.7
505.7
366.9
429.2
4000
148
150
11.9
1.014
0.0375
41.4
Van
4
2003
21
0.017
26.9
18.4
25.1
21.6
482.9
354.7
411.3
4000
148
150
11.7
1.014
0.0375
43.2
Van
4
2004
6
0.006
25.9
17.5
24.2
20.8
507.0
367.4
428.2
4000
148
150
11.7
1.014
0.0375
41.5
Van
4
2005
20
0.014
25.9
17.4
24.1
20.7
510.2
368.9
429.7
4000
148
150
11.7
1.014
0.0375
41.4
Van
4
2006
18
0.015
25.9
17.4
24.1
20.7
510.2
368.9
429.7
4000
148
150
11.8
1.014
0.0375
41.4
Van
4
2007
8
0.010
25.9
17.4
24.3
20.8
510.2
366.3
428.2
4000
148
150
11.9
1.014
0.0375
41.5
Van
4
2008
16
0.021
30.7
20.9
27.3
24.1
425.7
325.9
368.8
3500
45.3
140
153
10.6
1.093
0.0437
42.2
Van
4
2009
22
0.060
30.3
20.7
26.8
23.8
429.4
331.7
373.7
3500
45.3
140
153
10.4
1.093
0.0437
41.6
Van
4
2010
57
0.102
30.5
21.4
25.7
23.6
415.3
345.6
376.0
3500
46.9
128
145
11.2
1.128
0.0413
41.4
Van
4
2011
36
0.068
30.0
20.5
25.2
23.0
433.1
351.8
387.2
3709
49.8
131
150
11.3
1.147
0.0403
42.5
Van
4
2012
76
0.115
31.1
20.9
26.8
23.9
424.0
331.5
371.8
3593
47.5
139
150
11.0
1.081
0.0417
42.9
Van
4
2013
63
0.110
31.1
21.2
26.7
24.0
418.9
332.7
370.2
3503
47.4
129
140
11.4
1.091
0.0401
42.1
Van
4
2014
56
0.084
31.3
21.1
27.2
24.2
419.7
325.9
367.2
3759
49.1
145
159
10.4
1.102
0.0423
45.5
Van
4
2015
106
0.161
32.4
21.9
27.3
24.7
403.5
325.0
360.0
3684
49.3
139
155
10.4
1.119
0.0420
45.4
Van
4
2016
80
0.127
30.5
20.5
26.8
23.7
430.7
330.7
375.0
3892
51.3
143
170
9.9
1.210
0.0439
46.0
Van
4
2017
84
0.136
31.7
21.5
27.0
24.3
410.3
328.8
365.8
3745
50.3
138
159
10.2
1.148
0.0423
45.4
Van
4
2018
-
0.169
31.6
21.4
26.7
24.1
412.3
332.5
368.6
3749
50.5
138
163
10.0
1.187
0.0435
45.1
Van
5
1975
Van
5
1976
Van
5
1977
Van
5
1978
Van
5
1979
Van
5
1980
Van
5
1981
Van
5
1982
Van
5
1983
Van
5
1984
Van
5
1985
Van
5
1986
Van
5
1987
Van
5
1988
Van
5
1989
Van
5
1990
Van
5
1991
Van
5
1992
Van
5
1993
11
0.007
21.0
16.0
19.0
17.4
554.5
467.0
511.5
4157
150
109
13.9
0.727
0.0263
36.1
Van
5
1994
0
0.000
20.1
15.1
18.6
16.6
589.2
478.2
533.9
4260
150
109
13.9
0.727
0.0257
35.4
Van
5
1995
2
0.001
19.6
14.8
17.5
16.1
602.1
506.5
553.0
5000
150
109
16.5
0.727
0.0218
40.2
Van
5
1996
Van
5
1997
Van
5
1998
Van
5
1999
Van
5
2000
Van
5
2001
Van
5
2002
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-23 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
4
1997
92.7%
2.0%
5.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
52.7%
Van
4
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2008
100.0%
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2009
100.0%
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2010
100.0%
2.4%
97.6%
100.0%
100.0%
35.3%
Van
4
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
20.9%
Van
4
2012
100.0%
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
100.0%
52.0%
Van
4
2013
100.0%
0.9%
90.1%
9.0%
100.0%
100.0%
31.9%
Van
4
2014
100.0%
0.6%
80.7%
18.7%
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2015
100.0%
61.9%
38.1%
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2016
89.3%
10.7%
87.3%
12.7%
13.8%
86.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2017
93.6%
6.4%
63.9%
36.1%
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
4
2018
90.7%
9.3%
65.7%
34.3%
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
5
1975
Van
5
1976
Van
5
1977
Van
5
1978
Van
5
1979
Van
5
1980
Van
5
1981
Van
5
1982
Van
5
1983
Van
5
1984
Van
5
1985
Van
5
1986
Van
5
1987
Van
5
1988
Van
5
1989
Van
5
1990
Van
5
1991
Van
5
1992
Van
5
1993
100.0%
35.7%
64.3%
100.0%
Van
5
1994
100.0%
48.0%
52.0%
100.0%
Van
5
1995
100.0%
43.8%
56.2%
100.0%
Van
5
1996
Van
5
1997
Van
5
1998
Van
5
1999
Van
5
2000
Van
5
2001
Van
5
2002
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-24 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Van
5
2003
Van
5
2004
Van
5
2005
Van
5
2006
Van
5
2007
Van
5
2008
Van
5
2009
Van
5
2010
Van
5
2011
Van
5
2012
Van
5
2013
Van
5
2014
Van
5
2015
Van
5
2016
Van
5
2017
Van
5
2018
Van
6
1975
117
0.256
16.3
13.0
14.9
13.8
674.4
582.6
643.3
3967
271
102
0.380
0.0257
27.8
Van
6
1976
128
0.255
17.4
14.1
15.6
14.7
625.9
557.3
602.7
4023
271
102
0.380
0.0253
29.9
Van
6
1977
107
0.208
18.0
14.7
16.1
15.3
602.5
549.1
581.6
4039
278
113
0.408
0.0280
30.9
Van
6
1978
152
0.244
17.2
14.1
15.3
14.6
627.8
572.6
609.6
4086
280
120
15.3
0.430
0.0293
30.0
Van
6
1979
96
0.200
16.6
13.6
14.7
14.1
645.5
592.3
632.1
4233
263
121
16.4
0.465
0.0287
30.1
Van
6
1980
114
0.473
18.4
14.7
16.9
15.6
601.7
521.3
569.3
4183
266
118
16.9
0.449
0.0284
32.7
Van
6
1981
120
0.488
18.7
15.0
17.1
15.9
589.5
515.6
560.0
4191
268
117
17.1
0.438
0.0279
33.3
Van
6
1982
121
0.389
18.7
15.0
17.3
15.9
588.4
510.5
557.5
4181
266
111
18.8
0.419
0.0266
33.4
Van
6
1983
118
0.307
18.9
15.1
17.4
16.1
585.5
504.5
553.1
4206
265
110
17.3
0.418
0.0263
33.9
Van
6
1984
144
0.214
18.6
14.7
17.4
15.8
599.3
504.8
561.4
4118
272
112
16.9
0.413
0.0273
32.8
Van
6
1985
182
0.213
20.6
16.2
19.6
17.6
546.4
443.8
505.9
4002
270
136
14.5
0.509
0.0343
35.4
Van
6
1986
391
0.374
20.9
16.1
20.1
17.7
549.5
437.0
501.2
4049
237
132
14.3
0.574
0.0327
36.0
Van
6
1987
567
0.509
21.8
16.8
21.0
18.5
526.0
419.1
480.3
3931
219
149
13.2
0.703
0.0381
36.4
Van
6
1988
735
0.649
22.2
16.8
21.6
18.8
525.9
408.4
473.4
3940
213
149
13.4
0.722
0.0380
37.0
Van
6
1989
777
0.608
22.1
16.7
21.4
18.6
530.5
412.0
477.0
3993
212
146
13.1
0.713
0.0367
37.3
Van
6
1990
935
0.741
22.2
16.6
21.4
18.6
531.7
411.7
477.6
4011
208
144
12.5
0.705
0.0360
37.4
Van
6
1991
742
0.718
22.0
16.5
21.1
18.4
536.8
417.7
481.7
4084
212
147
12.6
0.706
0.0360
37.8
Van
6
1992
902
0.739
22.1
16.4
21.2
18.5
539.2
416.1
481.1
4118
213
149
12.3
0.711
0.0362
38.1
Van
6
1993
1174
0.815
22.5
16.5
21.7
18.7
537.2
407.2
475.3
4047
208
152
11.2
0.742
0.0377
37.8
Van
6
1994
1161
0.818
22.2
16.2
21.2
18.4
543.7
414.6
482.0
4085
213
154
11.1
0.734
0.0378
37.7
Van
6
1995
1375
0.828
22.5
16.2
21.7
18.6
546.2
405.5
477.7
4050
222
155
11.3
0.711
0.0384
37.7
Van
6
1996
1230
0.873
22.7
16.2
21.9
18.7
544.5
402.8
474.5
4148
214
167
11.4
0.788
0.0405
38.9
Van
6
1997
1069
0.845
22.5
16.0
21.6
18.5
552.2
407.6
479.2
4178
213
169
11.3
0.800
0.0406
38.8
Van
6
1998
1250
0.839
23.0
16.2
22.2
18.9
547.5
397.4
470.2
4136
215
177
11.2
0.826
0.0428
39.1
Van
6
1999
1200
0.820
22.7
15.8
21.9
18.6
558.7
402.2
478.1
4254
218
178
11.2
0.822
0.0420
39.6
Van
6
2000
1523
0.901
23.1
16.1
22.2
18.9
551.0
397.3
470.5
4235
212
180
10.6
0.860
0.0427
40.1
Van
6
2001
961
0.780
23.6
16.3
22.5
19.2
542.6
391.3
463.0
4310
210
192
10.2
0.920
0.0446
41.5
Van
6
2002
1141
0.917
23.4
16.1
22.2
19.0
549.2
395.5
468.2
4368
214
199
10.1
0.936
0.0456
41.6
Van
6
2003
1148
0.932
23.8
16.2
22.6
19.2
545.0
389.6
461.8
4345
215
199
10.0
0.933
0.0459
41.9
Van
6
2004
907
0.951
23.9
16.1
23.0
19.4
549.7
384.5
459.0
4448
215
212
9.6
0.994
0.0478
43.2
Van
6
2005
1425
0.963
24.1
16.1
22.9
19.4
548.3
385.8
457.9
4413
214
209
9.7
0.979
0.0473
42.9
Van
6
2006
1103
0.946
24.5
16.3
23.4
19.7
542.3
378.3
450.2
4451
214
211
9.7
0.989
0.0473
44.0
Van
6
2007
820
0.967
24.3
16.2
23.2
19.6
547.7
381.9
454.5
4471
219
226
9.4
1.038
0.0505
43.8
Van
6
2008
764
0.967
24.6
16.4
23.5
19.8
540.3
376.6
448.1
4533
54.2
220
221
9.6
1.009
0.0488
45.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-25 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
5
2003
Van
5
2004
Van
5
2005
Van
5
2006
Van
5
2007
Van
5
2008
Van
5
2009
Van
5
2010
Van
5
2011
Van
5
2012
Van
5
2013
Van
5
2014
Van
5
2015
Van
5
2016
Van
5
2017
Van
5
2018
Van
6
1975
100.0%
16.8%
83.2%
100.0%
Van
6
1976
100.0%
21.7%
78.3%
100.0%
Van
6
1977
100.0%
15.5%
84.5%
100.0%
Van
6
1978
100.0%
14.0%
86.0%
100.0%
Van
6
1979
100.0%
43.1%
47.7%
9.2%
100.0%
Van
6
1980
100.0%
40.3%
26.7%
33.0%
100.0%
Van
6
1981
100.0%
34.6%
30.3%
35.1%
100.0%
Van
6
1982
100.0%
27.5%
34.2%
38.3%
100.0%
Van
6
1983
100.0%
26.6%
32.6%
40.8%
100.0%
Van
6
1984
100.0%
22.2%
33.4%
44.4%
100.0%
Van
6
1985
100.0%
CO
20.6%
71.0%
100.0%
Van
6
1986
100.0%
6.3%
16.9%
76.7%
39.2%
19.1%
41.2%
0.5%
Van
6
1987
25.9%
74.1%
3.5%
9.8%
86.7%
3.1%
63.4%
33.6%
Van
6
1988
42.7%
57.3%
2.2%
7.1%
90.7%
70.2%
29.8%
Van
6
1989
32.2%
0.2%
67.5%
2.1%
6.1%
91.8%
71.0%
29.0%
Van
6
1990
54.4%
8.1%
37.4%
0.6%
3.5%
96.0%
66.6%
33.4%
Van
6
1991
46.5%
13.0%
40.5%
0.4%
2.2%
97.4%
68.2%
31.8%
Van
6
1992
51.7%
6.0%
42.3%
0.3%
1.6%
98.1%
76.9%
23.1%
Van
6
1993
55.5%
5.2%
39.3%
0.3%
1.7%
97.9%
84.9%
15.1%
Van
6
1994
60.1%
7.3%
32.6%
0.1%
1.6%
98.3%
85.9%
14.1%
2.2%
Van
6
1995
69.4%
10.3%
20.3%
1.4%
98.6%
94.6%
5.4%
1.2%
Van
6
1996
79.8%
2.6%
17.6%
1.3%
98.7%
100.0%
1.2%
Van
6
1997
70.9%
5.4%
23.7%
100.0%
100.0%
1.2%
Van
6
1998
82.2%
3.9%
14.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.2%
Van
6
1999
81.7%
3.3%
15.0%
100.0%
100.0%
4.2%
4.2%
Van
6
2000
85.5%
3.0%
11.5%
100.0%
100.0%
20.0%
16.7%
Van
6
2001
85.9%
3.2%
10.9%
100.0%
100.0%
25.9%
21.8%
Van
6
2002
88.6%
3.3%
8.1%
100.0%
100.0%
27.6%
22.7%
Van
6
2003
87.9%
4.8%
7.3%
100.0%
100.0%
25.9%
21.0%
Van
6
2004
90.4%
4.7%
5.0%
100.0%
100.0%
54.3%
48.5%
Van
6
2005
91.2%
5.4%
3.4%
94.7%
5.3%
100.0%
38.0%
26.0%
Van
6
2006
93.3%
4.4%
2.3%
95.0%
5.0%
100.0%
47.8%
38.5%
Van
6
2007
94.9%
2.5%
2.6%
95.4%
4.6%
100.0%
53.8%
50.4%
Van
6
2008
93.9%
3.7%
2.4%
100.0%
100.0%
52.5%
47.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-26 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Van
6
2009
340
0.925
24.8
16.6
23.7
20.0
535.7
373.8
444.5
4623
55.0
218
224
9.4
1.031
0.0484
46.3
Van
6
2010
496
0.886
24.6
16.4
23.7
19.9
541.3
374.8
447.2
4635
54.9
223
219
9.5
0.988
0.0472
46.2
Van
6
2011
475
0.911
26.3
17.6
24.8
21.0
505.1
357.7
422.3
4528
55.7
215
266
8.2
1.237
0.0589
47.7
Van
6
2012
573
0.865
26.5
17.5
25.1
21.2
505.8
352.3
419.3
4522
55.5
217
267
8.1
1.235
0.0592
48.0
Van
6
2013
498
0.872
26.1
17.3
24.9
20.9
512.7
356.1
424.4
4646
55.5
217
271
8.2
1.251
0.0585
48.7
Van
6
2014
604
0.899
26.5
17.6
25.1
21.2
502.7
352.7
418.7
4529
55.5
217
269
8.1
1.241
0.0595
48.2
Van
6
2015
547
0.835
26.7
17.8
25.2
21.4
498.3
351.8
416.1
4547
55.6
214
268
8.1
1.252
0.0591
48.6
Van
6
2016
549
0.871
26.8
17.8
25.3
21.4
498.0
349.6
415.0
4539
55.7
215
269
8.1
1.251
0.0593
48.7
Van
6
2017
532
0.862
27.6
18.0
26.4
22.0
478.5
334.3
404.0
4617
56.5
216
285
7.5
1.320
0.0618
51.4
Van
6
2018
-
0.831
28.5
18.8
26.9
22.7
388.5
322.0
389.3
4635
56.0
214
282
7.4
1.317
0.0611
54.2
Van
8
1975
339
0.741
12.2
9.9
11.1
10.4
887.2
782.4
855.8
4278
334
158
0.470
0.0370
22.5
Van
8
1976
373
0.742
12.9
10.3
12.0
11.0
858.5
730.0
807.2
4263
342
161
0.470
0.0380
23.6
Van
8
1977
405
0.788
14.0
11.4
12.7
11.9
774.4
690.8
745.5
4313
347
163
0.471
0.0380
25.8
Van
8
1978
470
0.752
13.5
11.0
12.0
11.4
797.1
727.4
777.7
4307
346
159
12.7
0.460
0.0371
24.8
Van
8
1979
376
0.782
12.9
10.5
11.4
10.9
830.4
765.4
815.0
4643
342
152
15.1
0.445
0.0328
25.6
Van
8
1980
112
0.462
14.9
11.9
13.7
12.7
738.5
640.0
701.0
4630
334
152
15.2
0.456
0.0330
29.4
Van
8
1981
114
0.466
16.3
13.0
15.0
13.8
676.8
586.9
642.9
4530
317
148
15.3
0.469
0.0328
31.5
Van
8
1982
175
0.563
16.2
13.0
14.8
13.8
677.8
593.1
645.7
4511
316
153
16.0
0.486
0.0340
31.3
Van
8
1983
251
0.656
17.1
13.6
16.0
14.6
652.2
549.3
614.5
4560
318
152
14.5
0.481
0.0335
33.9
Van
8
1984
315
0.465
16.4
13.0
15.5
14.0
679.1
564.3
636.4
4534
317
154
14.3
0.487
0.0341
32.2
Van
8
1985
332
0.389
15.9
12.6
14.7
13.5
699.9
597.5
658.6
4542
314
158
14.0
0.501
0.0348
30.9
Van
8
1986
300
0.287
16.9
13.4
15.8
14.4
662.0
558.9
619.0
4607
312
155
13.6
0.497
0.0338
33.2
Van
8
1987
280
0.251
16.9
13.1
16.0
14.3
675.3
551.8
621.8
4603
319
167
13.2
0.521
0.0363
33.0
Van
8
1988
255
0.225
17.2
13.2
16.4
14.6
668.4
535.8
610.6
4708
323
168
13.5
0.520
0.0359
34.4
Van
8
1989
276
0.216
17.0
12.9
16.3
14.3
683.8
540.1
619.6
4689
326
174
12.7
0.533
0.0374
33.8
Van
8
1990
226
0.179
17.1
12.9
16.4
14.4
688.1
538.0
619.1
4692
332
187
11.3
0.560
0.0400
33.8
Van
8
1991
146
0.141
17.1
12.7
16.5
14.3
695.3
537.2
621.1
4724
331
186
11.4
0.560
0.0397
33.9
Van
8
1992
178
0.146
17.0
12.7
16.3
14.2
698.4
541.1
624.2
4769
332
196
10.9
0.590
0.0416
34.1
Van
8
1993
164
0.114
17.5
12.8
16.9
14.6
688.8
523.7
609.3
4784
334
202
9.9
0.606
0.0425
34.9
Van
8
1994
191
0.135
17.2
12.6
16.6
14.4
702.8
532.7
618.4
4777
332
207
9.7
0.626
0.0437
34.3
Van
8
1995
197
0.119
17.4
12.7
16.7
14.5
697.7
531.3
614.5
4734
336
199
10.1
0.594
0.0423
34.3
Van
8
1996
113
0.080
17.2
12.4
16.6
14.3
712.0
534.5
622.0
4930
333
219
10.2
0.660
0.0447
35.3
Van
8
1997
130
0.102
18.0
12.9
17.3
14.9
683.8
511.5
596.1
4963
322
228
10.0
0.709
0.0461
37.1
Van
8
1998
100
0.067
17.9
12.7
17.3
14.8
698.7
512.1
601.5
5107
322
231
10.3
0.720
0.0454
37.8
Van
8
1999
131
0.090
17.8
12.5
17.2
14.6
707.7
517.7
606.7
5099
322
233
10.2
0.726
0.0458
37.3
Van
8
2000
106
0.063
17.7
12.5
16.9
14.5
707.7
524.9
610.8
5024
322
237
9.6
0.738
0.0473
36.6
Van
8
2001
243
0.197
17.6
12.3
16.9
14.4
719.1
522.8
616.1
5405
313
248
9.6
0.795
0.0460
39.0
Van
8
2002
64
0.052
17.4
12.3
16.1
14.2
717.3
546.5
626.7
5078
321
241
9.5
0.753
0.0476
36.2
Van
8
2003
64
0.052
18.3
12.9
16.7
14.8
686.1
530.3
601.7
5399
320
261
9.3
0.819
0.0485
40.0
Van
8
2004
40
0.042
19.1
13.3
17.5
15.4
665.1
506.6
577.0
5446
307
259
9.5
0.843
0.0476
42.0
Van
8
2005
35
0.024
19.0
13.2
17.4
15.3
674.1
510.2
581.8
5366
303
256
9.4
0.844
0.0478
41.0
Van
8
2006
46
0.039
19.0
13.2
17.3
15.3
673.2
513.1
582.7
5257
295
248
9.6
0.839
0.0472
40.1
Van
8
2007
19
0.023
21.1
14.4
19.7
17.0
608.0
438.6
522.7
5054
270
244
9.8
0.902
0.0478
42.9
Van
8
2008
10
0.012
18.4
12.9
16.5
14.8
685.8
537.0
602.3
5751
63.5
325
306
9.0
0.941
0.0532
42.4
Van
8
2009
5
0.015
17.8
12.5
15.9
14.2
710.9
559.1
624.4
5758
61.0
325
301
8.9
0.926
0.0524
41.0
Van
8
2010
7
0.012
18.4
12.9
16.7
14.8
691.4
530.8
600.0
5783
63.5
323
301
9.0
0.932
0.0521
42.8
Van
8
2011
11
0.021
17.5
12.3
16.1
14.2
717.8
546.0
625.7
5938
64.4
318
281
9.6
0.882
0.0474
42.4
Van
8
2012
13
0.019
17.6
12.3
16.3
14.3
718.1
541.6
621.9
5863
63.9
314
282
10.0
0.896
0.0484
42.0
Van
8
2013
10
0.018
17.6
12.3
16.1
14.2
716.1
546.9
624.4
5921
64.6
319
289
9.4
0.905
0.0491
42.3
Van
8
2014
11
0.017
17.7
12.4
16.3
14.3
714.0
542.5
620.2
5968
64.4
323
296
9.3
0.917
0.0499
42.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-27 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
6
2009
95.2%
2.0%
2.8%
100.0%
100.0%
57.1%
44.4%
Van
6
2010
97.1%
1.2%
1.7%
100.0%
100.0%
46.9%
37.1%
Van
6
2011
92.9%
5.6%
1.5%
96.6%
3.4%
100.0%
98.5%
98.5%
Van
6
2012
94.6%
3.0%
2.4%
96.3%
3.7%
100.0%
97.6%
97.6%
Van
6
2013
94.1%
4.0%
1.9%
97.7%
2.3%
100.0%
98.1%
98.1%
Van
6
2014
94.5%
3.5%
2.0%
98.6%
1.4%
100.0%
98.0%
98.0%
Van
6
2015
93.4%
5.5%
1.1%
97.6%
2.4%
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6
2016
95.8%
2.7%
1.4%
98.6%
1.4%
9.4%
90.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
6
2017
92.6%
6.2%
1.2%
98.4%
1.6%
7.0%
93.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.6%
Van
6
2018
94.5%
4.4%
1.1%
96.2%
3.8%
44.1%
55.9%
100.0%
100.0%
3.8%
Van
8
1975
100.0%
25.5%
74.5%
100.0%
Van
8
1976
100.0%
19.9%
80.1%
100.0%
Van
8
1977
100.0%
13.6%
86.4%
100.0%
Van
8
1978
100.0%
12.3%
87.7%
100.0%
Van
8
1979
100.0%
6.1%
87.6%
6.3%
100.0%
Van
8
1980
100.0%
3.3%
46.1%
50.6%
100.0%
Van
8
1981
0.7%
99.3%
2.8%
33.9%
63.3%
100.0%
Van
8
1982
100.0%
1.4%
43.7%
54.9%
100.0%
Van
8
1983
100.0%
1.6%
27.1%
71.3%
93.5%
6.5%
Van
8
1984
100.0%
2.2%
33.4%
64.4%
98.0%
2.0%
Van
8
1985
0.1%
99.9%
0.7%
31.9%
67.4%
99.1%
0.1%
0.8%
Van
8
1986
0.1%
99.9%
0.4%
13.8%
85.7%
73.8%
25.5%
0.1%
0.6%
Van
8
1987
100.0%
0.2%
37.1%
62.6%
32.8%
24.4%
42.5%
0.3%
Van
8
1988
100.0%
0.1%
27.4%
72.5%
1.0%
32.8%
65.7%
0.5%
Van
8
1989
100.0%
0.1%
15.9%
84.1%
31.5%
68.1%
0.3%
Van
8
1990
100.0%
6.5%
93.5%
28.8%
70.8%
0.4%
Van
8
1991
100.0%
2.0%
98.0%
31.7%
67.8%
0.5%
Van
8
1992
100.0%
5.5%
94.5%
53.9%
45.7%
0.4%
Van
8
1993
0.3%
99.7%
2.2%
97.8%
50.5%
49.5%
Van
8
1994
100.0%
5.9%
94.1%
65.7%
34.3%
Van
8
1995
100.0%
3.9%
96.1%
45.7%
54.3%
Van
8
1996
100.0%
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
Van
8
1997
100.0%
4.2%
95.8%
100.0%
Van
8
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2001
31.2%
68.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2003
11.3%
88.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2004
10.8%
89.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2005
11.0%
89.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2006
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2007
44.5%
20.3%
35.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2008
40.7%
59.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2009
45.9%
54.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2010
46.9%
53.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2011
28.0%
72.0%
100.0%
100.0%
4.6%
64.5%
Van
8
2012
25.5%
74.5%
100.0%
100.0%
61.4%
Van
8
2013
33.6%
66.4%
100.0%
100.0%
70.8%
Van
8
2014
37.5%
62.5%
100.0%
100.0%
78.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-28 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Van
8
2015
2
0.004
16.2
10.9
16.1
13.4
812.6
549.6
663.5
6662
65.2
321
297
9.2
0.929
0.0445
44.6
Van
8
2016
1
0.001
15.8
10.7
15.9
13.1
832.3
558.2
676.2
6647
64.8
366
324
8.6
0.885
0.0488
43.7
Van
8
2017
1
0.002
15.4
10.3
15.4
12.7
861.6
576.8
699.4
6669
66.0
366
324
8.6
0.885
0.0486
42.4
Van
8
2018
Van
Other
1975
Van
Other
1976
Van
Other
1977
Van
Other
1978
Van
Other
1979
Van
Other
1980
Van
Other
1981
Van
Other
1982
Van
Other
1983
Van
Other
1984
Van
Other
1985
Van
Other
1986
Van
Other
1987
Van
Other
1988
Van
Other
1989
Van
Other
1990
Van
Other
1991
Van
Other
1992
Van
Other
1993
Van
Other
1994
Van
Other
1995
Van
Other
1996
Van
Other
1997
Van
Other
1998
Van
Other
1999
Van
Other
2000
Van
Other
2001
Van
Other
2002
Van
Other
2003
Van
Other
2004
Van
Other
2005
Van
Other
2006
Van
Other
2007
Van
Other
2008
Van
Other
2009
Van
Other
2010
Van
Other
2011
0
0.000
14.2
10.0
13.2
11.6
886.9
670.0
764.4
6413
65.2
415
305
8.9
0.735
0.0478
37.2
Van
Other
2012
0
0.000
13.6
9.6
12.7
11.1
925.1
701.7
798.2
6500
65.2
415
305
9.0
0.735
0.0472
36.1
Van
Other
2013
0
0.000
13.2
9.4
12.4
10.9
948.1
719.3
817.7
6336
65.2
415
305
8.9
0.735
0.0484
34.4
Van
Other
2014
0
0.000
13.2
9.3
12.3
10.8
951.2
723.6
821.4
6354
65.2
415
305
8.9
0.735
0.0482
34.4
Van
Other
2015
Van
Other
2016
Van
Other
2017
Van
Other
2018
Truck SUV
4
1975
Truck SUV
4
1976
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-29 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Van
8
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
8
2018
Van
Other
1975
Van
Other
1976
Van
Other
1977
Van
Other
1978
Van
Other
1979
Van
Other
1980
Van
Other
1981
Van
Other
1982
Van
Other
1983
Van
Other
1984
Van
Other
1985
Van
Other
1986
Van
Other
1987
Van
Other
1988
Van
Other
1989
Van
Other
1990
Van
Other
1991
Van
Other
1992
Van
Other
1993
Van
Other
1994
Van
Other
1995
Van
Other
1996
Van
Other
1997
Van
Other
1998
Van
Other
1999
Van
Other
2000
Van
Other
2001
Van
Other
2002
Van
Other
2003
Van
Other
2004
Van
Other
2005
Van
Other
2006
Van
Other
2007
Van
Other
2008
Van
Other
2009
Van
Other
2010
Van
Other
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Other
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Other
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Other
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Van
Other
2015
Van
Other
2016
Van
Other
2017
Van
Other
2018
Truck SUV
4
1975
Truck SUV
4
1976
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-30 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Truck SUV
4
1977
Truck SUV
4
1978
Truck SUV
4
1979
4
0.012
16.0
13.1
14.3
13.6
648.1
591.5
652.9
3621
168
69
21.4
0.473
0.0193
24.4
Truck SUV
4
1980
19
0.102
22.8
18.9
19.8
19.3
465.9
444.3
459.9
2893
137
81
17.9
0.624
0.0278
27.9
Truck SUV
4
1981
13
0.098
24.4
20.2
21.3
20.7
438.9
416.0
429.1
2941
145
81
17.4
0.573
0.0276
30.5
Truck SUV
4
1982
7
0.046
24.6
20.4
21.2
20.8
434.3
418.3
427.3
2650
113
68
20.9
0.642
0.0251
27.5
Truck SUV
4
1983
10
0.037
24.2
19.9
21.2
20.5
443.6
418.2
433.8
2747
105
70
19.4
0.697
0.0248
28.0
Truck SUV
4
1984
67
0.117
23.6
19.1
21.4
20.0
462.1
414.3
443.7
3149
139
89
16.9
0.644
0.0281
31.5
Truck SUV
4
1985
85
0.131
24.2
19.5
22.1
20.6
453.1
400.3
432.7
3329
138
94
16.7
0.683
0.0281
34.3
Truck SUV
4
1986
183
0.256
25.1
20.0
23.1
21.3
434.3
380.0
418.6
3355
131
97
15.1
0.746
0.0289
35.8
Truck SUV
4
1987
201
0.258
25.2
20.0
22.8
21.2
426.5
378.7
418.3
3121
126
95
15.0
0.758
0.0303
33.1
Truck SUV
4
1988
187
0.218
25.0
19.9
22.4
21.0
419.8
379.5
423.3
3118
121
94
15.5
0.775
0.0298
32.6
Truck SUV
4
1989
118
0.144
24.0
19.0
21.5
20.1
445.9
400.6
442.4
3216
131
103
14.2
0.792
0.0322
32.3
Truck SUV
4
1990
104
0.162
25.1
19.8
22.1
20.9
430.1
390.9
425.3
3072
123
99
13.3
0.813
0.0322
32.2
Truck SUV
4
1991
78
0.089
24.8
19.6
21.6
20.5
441.3
403.9
433.2
3205
121
101
13.8
0.835
0.0313
33.0
Truck SUV
4
1992
58
0.076
25.7
20.1
22.3
21.2
433.0
391.6
419.9
2945
121
103
12.8
0.855
0.0349
31.5
Truck SUV
4
1993
67
0.080
25.5
19.8
22.0
20.9
440.9
397.4
425.4
2973
122
106
11.8
0.869
0.0356
31.4
Truck SUV
4
1994
98
0.076
25.5
19.8
21.8
20.8
441.0
399.3
427.4
2940
119
101
12.2
0.850
0.0343
30.9
Truck SUV
4
1995
157
0.098
24.5
18.8
21.0
19.9
466.7
416.8
446.7
2987
128
112
11.6
0.879
0.0375
30.0
Truck SUV
4
1996
90
0.056
27.4
20.5
24.1
22.3
430.5
366.8
399.4
2996
110
109
12.6
0.993
0.0364
33.3
Truck SUV
4
1997
225
0.108
24.7
18.4
21.6
20.0
478.5
407.8
444.9
3439
135
126
12.1
0.945
0.0367
34.5
Truck SUV
4
1998
256
0.120
25.8
19.0
22.8
20.8
464.1
387.0
426.3
3444
131
132
12.2
1.011
0.0382
36.1
Truck SUV
4
1999
261
0.111
26.2
19.2
22.9
21.1
459.2
384.7
421.9
3499
132
141
11.8
1.076
0.0402
37.0
Truck SUV
4
2000
251
0.099
26.1
19.0
22.7
20.9
463.7
389.0
426.1
3512
130
139
11.4
1.083
0.0396
36.8
Truck SUV
4
2001
306
0.113
26.0
18.8
22.6
20.7
468.9
388.5
428.6
3508
136
148
10.8
1.106
0.0423
36.7
Truck SUV
4
2002
303
0.084
27.2
19.3
23.9
21.6
457.6
368.4
411.3
3526
140
153
10.7
1.098
0.0435
38.4
Truck SUV
4
2003
391
0.109
27.0
19.1
23.8
21.4
465.4
372.5
414.7
3595
143
156
10.6
1.092
0.0434
38.6
Truck SUV
4
2004
337
0.083
27.1
18.9
23.9
21.4
468.1
371.3
414.6
3599
146
162
10.3
1.106
0.0451
38.7
Truck SUV
4
2005
332
0.101
27.8
19.3
24.2
21.8
460.2
366.8
408.6
3633
145
160
10.3
1.102
0.0443
39.8
Truck SUV
4
2006
324
0.108
28.3
19.6
24.5
22.1
451.3
362.4
402.7
3700
145
160
10.4
1.100
0.0435
41.1
Truck SUV
4
2007
460
0.139
28.1
19.5
24.6
22.1
453.7
360.2
402.4
3845
144
174
10.1
1.208
0.0454
42.6
Truck SUV
4
2008
483
0.157
29.0
20.2
25.0
22.7
436.8
353.8
391.7
3834
43.9
144
171
10.2
1.188
0.0446
43.6
Truck SUV
4
2009
424
0.248
29.1
20.1
25.4
22.8
440.8
348.4
389.9
3811
44.0
146
174
9.8
1.194
0.0458
43.6
Truck SUV
4
2010
632
0.274
29.9
20.6
26.2
23.5
430.8
337.6
378.9
3822
44.3
149
177
9.8
1.194
0.0464
45.0
Truck SUV
4
2011
843
0.275
30.5
20.9
26.5
23.8
424.1
334.7
374.0
3854
44.6
147
177
9.8
1.205
0.0459
45.9
Truck SUV
4
2012
711
0.257
30.8
21.0
26.9
24.0
422.6
328.8
370.3
3810
44.8
148
180
9.7
1.227
0.0474
45.8
Truck SUV
4
2013
1126
0.340
32.0
21.6
28.1
24.9
408.9
315.8
357.2
3863
45.5
140
183
9.5
1.333
0.0475
48.2
Truck SUV
4
2014
1426
0.385
32.9
22.2
28.7
25.5
398.6
308.6
349.0
3820
45.2
141
182
9.5
1.317
0.0477
48.8
Truck SUV
4
2015
1855
0.395
33.7
22.7
29.3
26.0
387.8
302.0
341.4
3861
45.4
142
182
9.5
1.309
0.0472
50.6
Truck SUV
4
2016
2121
0.448
33.7
22.7
29.1
26.0
386.1
303.2
342.1
3921
45.8
140
189
9.2
1.373
0.0480
51.3
Truck SUV
4
2017
2306
0.427
33.7
22.8
29.5
26.2
383.5
298.5
339.4
3927
46.1
135
189
9.2
1.450
0.0480
51.8
Truck SUV
4
2018
-
0.506
34.1
23.1
29.0
26.1
379.0
304.1
340.0
3958
46.2
130
196
8.9
1.568
0.0494
52.0
Truck SUV
5
1975
Truck SUV
5
1976
Truck SUV
5
1977
Truck SUV
5
1978
Truck SUV
5
1979
Truck SUV
5
1980
Truck SUV
5
1981
Truck SUV
5
1982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-31 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
4
1977
Truck SUV
4
1978
Truck SUV
4
1979
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4
1980
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4
1981
100.0%
98.0%
2.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4
1982
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4
1983
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4
1984
100.0%
72.0%
1.1%
26.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
4
1985
100.0%
71.2%
1.1%
27.6%
68.1%
22.7%
7.8%
1.5%
Truck SUV
4
1986
100.0%
87.8%
0.5%
11.7%
59.5%
19.8%
17.9%
2.8%
Truck SUV
4
1987
100.0%
85.8%
7.5%
6.7%
64.1%
18.7%
17.1%
0.1%
Truck SUV
4
1988
100.0%
83.8%
4.0%
12.2%
54.3%
41.0%
4.7%
Truck SUV
4
1989
100.0%
71.4%
28.6%
7.2%
41.4%
51.4%
Truck SUV
4
1990
100.0%
82.7%
17.3%
35.0%
65.0%
Truck SUV
4
1991
100.0%
79.1%
20.9%
51.3%
48.7%
Truck SUV
4
1992
100.0%
81.7%
18.3%
56.7%
43.3%
Truck SUV
4
1993
100.0%
77.5%
22.5%
71.5%
28.5%
Truck SUV
4
1994
100.0%
69.1%
30.9%
55.5%
44.5%
12.2%
Truck SUV
4
1995
100.0%
71.4%
28.6%
87.3%
12.7%
3.4%
Truck SUV
4
1996
100.0%
40.6%
59.4%
100.0%
97.8%
Truck SUV
4
1997
94.3%
5.7%
43.0%
57.0%
100.0%
72.4%
Truck SUV
4
1998
93.6%
6.4%
32.3%
67.7%
100.0%
86.7%
Truck SUV
4
1999
94.5%
5.5%
27.2%
72.8%
100.0%
81.5%
Truck SUV
4
2000
93.5%
6.5%
22.7%
77.3%
100.0%
76.4%
Truck SUV
4
2001
3.2%
96.8%
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
80.3%
19.4%
Truck SUV
4
2002
5.9%
93.9%
0.2%
14.7%
84.8%
0.5%
100.0%
85.5%
57.7%
Truck SUV
4
2003
11.4%
88.6%
10.0%
86.1%
3.9%
100.0%
92.0%
64.1%
Truck SUV
4
2004
12.2%
87.8%
10.4%
87.9%
1.7%
100.0%
100.0%
74.4%
Truck SUV
4
2005
12.0%
88.0%
8.6%
88.9%
2.5%
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
70.3%
2.0%
Truck SUV
4
2006
11.2%
88.8%
7.4%
88.7%
3.9%
97.9%
2.1%
100.0%
72.2%
3.9%
Truck SUV
4
2007
16.1%
83.9%
4.1%
76.6%
19.3%
100.0%
100.0%
88.8%
1.6%
Truck SUV
4
2008
15.9%
84.1%
2.9%
66.9%
30.2%
2.7%
97.3%
100.0%
86.0%
3.1%
Truck SUV
4
2009
13.4%
85.8%
0.8%
3.2%
74.1%
22.7%
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
77.9%
1.9%
Truck SUV
4
2010
10.1%
89.2%
0.7%
3.0%
2.7%
66.0%
28.3%
3.8%
96.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.9%
Truck SUV
4
2011
9.4%
90.2%
0.4%
1.8%
62.6%
35.7%
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.5%
Truck SUV
4
2012
5.9%
94.1%
1.3%
66.8%
31.9%
7.2%
92.8%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Truck SUV
4
2013
5.3%
94.7%
1.1%
72.9%
26.0%
31.1%
68.7%
0.2%
100.0%
99.8%
0.1%
Truck SUV
4
2014
3.7%
96.3%
1.2%
66.9%
31.9%
28.0%
71.7%
0.3%
100.0%
99.7%
1.1%
Truck SUV
4
2015
3.2%
96.8%
0.9%
52.1%
47.0%
38.5%
61.0%
0.5%
100.0%
99.7%
0.4%
Truck SUV
4
2016
5.0%
95.0%
0.8%
55.8%
43.4%
50.5%
49.4%
0.2%
100.0%
99.9%
2.3%
Truck SUV
4
2017
5.4%
94.6%
0.6%
0.5%
57.5%
41.4%
44.7%
55.2%
0.1%
100.0%
100.0%
2.8%
Truck SUV
4
2018
6.1%
93.9%
1.3%
0.5%
66.4%
31.9%
58.0%
41.1%
0.9%
100.0%
96.9%
5.8%
Truck SUV
5
1975
Truck SUV
5
1976
Truck SUV
5
1977
Truck SUV
5
1978
Truck SUV
5
1979
Truck SUV
5
1980
Truck SUV
5
1981
Truck SUV
5
1982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-32 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Truck SUV
5
1983
Truck SUV
5
1984
Truck SUV
5
1985
Truck SUV
5
1986
Truck SUV
5
1987
Truck SUV
5
1988
Truck SUV
5
1989
Truck SUV
5
1990
Truck SUV
5
1991
Truck SUV
5
1992
Truck SUV
5
1993
Truck SUV
5
1994
Truck SUV
5
1995
Truck SUV
5
1996
Truck SUV
5
1997
Truck SUV
5
1998
Truck SUV
5
1999
Truck SUV
5
2000
Truck SUV
5
2001
Truck SUV
5
2002
Truck SUV
5
2003
4
0.001
23.3
15.9
22.1
18.9
557.2
402.0
470.6
4885
154
207
9.7
1.344
0.0425
46.1
Truck SUV
5
2004
55
0.013
24.0
16.3
22.6
19.3
546.1
392.7
460.4
4365
183
232
8.6
1.279
0.0540
42.0
Truck SUV
5
2005
40
0.012
23.2
15.8
21.4
18.6
561.3
412.7
478.0
4486
175
225
CO
CO
1.298
0.0511
41.6
Truck SUV
5
2006
98
0.033
20.7
14.6
18.3
16.5
608.7
483.2
538.6
4976
196
217
10.0
1.123
0.0436
41.1
Truck SUV
5
2007
46
0.014
19.4
13.5
17.6
15.6
657.0
506.2
571.1
5000
223
245
9.5
1.099
0.0490
38.9
Truck SUV
5
2008
23
0.008
19.4
13.5
17.6
15.6
656.4
505.6
570.5
5000
50.7
223
245
9.5
1.099
0.0490
38.9
Truck SUV
5
2009
8
0.005
20.4
14.3
18.1
16.3
620.6
489.7
546.0
5000
50.7
223
245
9.3
1.099
0.0490
40.7
Truck SUV
5
2010
2
0.001
20.4
14.3
18.1
16.3
620.2
489.7
545.8
5000
50.6
226
245
9.4
1.084
0.0490
40.7
Truck SUV
5
2011
Truck SUV
5
2012
Truck SUV
5
2013
Truck SUV
5
2014
Truck SUV
5
2015
6
0.001
27.7
18.6
25.9
22.2
475.6
342.8
400.8
4346
47.9
154
250
7.9
1.625
0.0577
48.2
Truck SUV
5
2016
16
0.003
28.6
19.2
26.2
22.7
462.4
338.7
392.2
4387
47.9
154
250
7.9
1.625
0.0571
49.7
Truck SUV
5
2017
Truck SUV
5
2018
Truck SUV
6
1975
9
0.053
18.4
15.1
16.2
15.6
585.2
548.5
570.8
2944
234
92
0.393
0.0318
22.8
Truck SUV
6
1976
35
0.150
17.3
14.3
15.0
14.6
607.9
587.4
607.9
3039
253
96
0.381
0.0324
22.2
Truck SUV
6
1977
32
0.122
18.5
15.2
16.5
15.7
581.6
535.8
565.1
2963
252
95
0.378
0.0327
23.3
Truck SUV
6
1978
45
0.124
17.7
14.4
15.8
15.0
606.9
557.5
592.5
2964
254
97
13.7
0.382
0.0332
22.2
Truck SUV
6
1979
59
0.153
17.1
14.2
14.9
14.5
625.4
593.1
613.4
3155
257
119
13.5
0.465
0.0384
23.0
Truck SUV
6
1980
54
0.293
17.8
14.4
16.0
15.1
619.2
557.2
594.6
3589
258
101
16.3
0.393
0.0285
27.2
Truck SUV
6
1981
44
0.327
18.5
14.8
17.2
15.8
598.3
512.1
563.4
3564
266
113
14.9
0.428
0.0327
28.0
Truck SUV
6
1982
40
0.267
18.8
14.8
17.8
16.0
594.7
493.7
555.3
3607
266
112
16.0
0.420
0.0318
28.9
Truck SUV
6
1983
130
0.509
20.8
16.2
20.2
17.8
545.3
433.6
500.3
3763
212
112
15.5
0.552
0.0303
33.7
Truck SUV
6
1984
317
0.556
21.1
16.5
20.2
18.0
536.2
432.7
494.2
3697
189
108
16.0
0.587
0.0295
33.4
Truck SUV
6
1985
365
0.563
21.2
16.3
21.0
18.1
542.1
418.5
490.5
3790
179
109
15.9
0.613
0.0288
34.5
Truck SUV
6
1986
337
0.472
20.6
16.0
19.7
17.5
552.4
446.7
507.4
3696
184
126
13.6
0.699
0.0343
32.4
Truck SUV
6
1987
403
0.518
21.0
16.0
20.4
17.8
552.0
430.5
499.5
3736
201
139
13.0
0.704
0.0377
33.3
Truck SUV
6
1988
477
0.556
20.8
15.8
20.1
17.5
560.8
439.1
506.8
3721
214
148
12.6
0.703
0.0401
32.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-33 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
5
1983
Truck SUV
5
1984
Truck SUV
5
1985
Truck SUV
5
1986
Truck SUV
5
1987
Truck SUV
5
1988
Truck SUV
5
1989
Truck SUV
5
1990
Truck SUV
5
1991
Truck SUV
5
1992
Truck SUV
5
1993
Truck SUV
5
1994
Truck SUV
5
1995
Truck SUV
5
1996
Truck SUV
5
1997
Truck SUV
5
1998
Truck SUV
5
1999
Truck SUV
5
2000
Truck SUV
5
2001
Truck SUV
5
2002
Truck SUV
5
2003
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2004
17.3%
82.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
49.6%
Truck SUV
5
2005
21.0%
79.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2006
10.2%
89.8%
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2007
100.0%
3.6%
96.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2008
100.0%
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2009
100.0%
2.5%
97.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2010
100.0%
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2011
Truck SUV
5
2012
Truck SUV
5
2013
Truck SUV
5
2014
Truck SUV
5
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
5
2017
Truck SUV
5
2018
Truck SUV
6
1975
99.4%
0.6%
86.8%
13.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1976
95.1%
4.9%
75.8%
24.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1977
96.4%
3.6%
80.8%
19.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1978
93.0%
7.0%
81.6%
18.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1979
99.5%
0.5%
85.3%
14.7%
98.7%
1.3%
Truck SUV
6
1980
98.2%
1.8%
83.2%
13.0%
3.7%
92.0%
8.0%
Truck SUV
6
1981
98.2%
1.8%
78.4%
21.6%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1982
100.0%
79.5%
20.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1983
100.0%
54.8%
2.8%
42.4%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1984
100.0%
35.6%
25.6%
38.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1985
100.0%
34.0%
1.5%
64.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
6
1986
100.0%
32.7%
2.0%
65.2%
33.4%
32.6%
33.9%
Truck SUV
6
1987
100.0%
32.5%
2.7%
64.8%
9.7%
47.3%
43.0%
Truck SUV
6
1988
100.0%
28.2%
2.1%
69.7%
6.5%
57.2%
36.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-34 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Truck SUV
6
1989
493
0.602
20.8
15.8
19.7
17.5
558.8
447.5
508.6
3826
232
156
11.9
0.683
0.0410
33.6
Truck SUV
6
1990
368
0.573
20.3
15.3
19.3
17.0
578.7
457.6
522.3
3853
219
154
11.3
0.718
0.0404
32.8
Truck SUV
6
1991
703
0.806
20.2
15.1
19.4
16.9
587.6
456.6
526.3
4115
232
163
11.3
0.711
0.0401
34.9
Truck SUV
6
1992
606
0.797
19.6
14.6
18.8
16.4
606.2
470.7
541.9
4128
229
171
10.9
0.750
0.0420
34.0
Truck SUV
6
1993
612
0.731
20.1
14.9
19.1
16.7
595.6
461.8
531.6
4170
232
180
9.9
0.779
0.0437
35.0
Truck SUV
6
1994
898
0.695
19.6
14.5
18.6
16.3
612.0
473.9
545.1
4262
229
180
10.0
0.788
0.0425
34.9
Truck SUV
6
1995
1061
0.664
19.7
14.4
18.7
16.3
614.2
472.6
544.6
4256
230
177
10.4
0.778
0.0419
34.9
Truck SUV
6
1996
1058
0.660
20.2
14.6
19.3
16.7
606.3
458.9
531.7
4255
242
179
10.6
0.748
0.0426
35.7
Truck SUV
6
1997
1142
0.547
20.2
14.7
18.9
16.6
604.7
468.5
534.9
4266
237
179
10.5
0.766
0.0424
35.5
Truck SUV
6
1998
1137
0.535
20.4
14.7
19.2
16.8
604.4
462.2
530.4
4262
236
183
10.7
0.786
0.0433
35.8
Truck SUV
6
1999
1205
0.514
20.4
14.7
18.8
16.7
601.8
470.7
533.3
4287
231
194
10.4
0.852
0.0454
35.7
Truck SUV
6
2000
1252
0.496
20.6
14.7
18.9
16.7
602.5
469.5
531.8
4267
230
190
10.1
0.837
0.0448
35.7
Truck SUV
6
2001
1537
0.568
21.0
14.9
19.4
17.0
594.3
455.9
521.7
4275
219
202
9.5
0.936
0.0475
36.5
Truck SUV
6
2002
2176
0.607
20.6
14.4
19.0
16.7
612.6
464.3
533.3
4383
225
218
9.4
0.974
0.0498
36.6
Truck SUV
6
2003
1844
0.516
21.1
14.6
19.6
17.0
604.1
450.9
521.6
4417
224
226
9.1
1.017
0.0513
37.7
Truck SUV
6
2004
2190
0.537
21.4
14.7
20.0
17.3
602.4
443.2
514.9
4426
227
227
9.1
1.006
0.0514
38.2
Truck SUV
6
2005
1844
0.564
21.4
14.6
19.8
17.2
603.1
446.6
517.5
4493
223
234
8.9
1.056
0.0521
38.7
Truck SUV
6
2006
1795
0.597
21.9
15.0
20.2
17.6
579.2
436.4
505.6
4529
223
232
8.9
1.044
0.0512
40.2
Truck SUV
6
2007
1816
0.548
22.5
15.4
20.6
18.0
570.1
428.5
494.4
4514
221
238
8.9
1.082
0.0528
40.8
Truck SUV
6
2008
1894
0.616
22.9
15.6
21.2
18.4
561.1
417.9
484.2
4577
48.1
219
242
8.9
1.110
0.0529
42.3
Truck SUV
6
2009
1070
0.624
23.6
16.0
21.9
18.9
550.8
403.6
470.4
4598
49.5
214
253
8.4
1.186
0.0552
43.7
Truck SUV
6
2010
1388
0.602
23.9
16.3
22.1
19.1
539.9
399.8
464.8
4606
48.9
218
254
8.4
1.174
0.0554
44.4
Truck SUV
6
2011
1708
0.556
24.3
16.5
22.5
19.5
535.5
394.3
457.5
4665
50.3
217
269
8.2
1.245
0.0577
45.6
Truck SUV
6
2012
1666
0.601
24.7
16.8
22.7
19.7
529.2
390.8
452.6
4676
50.3
216
273
8.1
1.273
0.0587
46.2
Truck SUV
6
2013
1730
0.523
25.2
17.1
23.2
20.1
516.7
382.4
442.6
4683
50.8
214
279
7.9
1.308
0.0599
47.3
Truck SUV
6
2014
1950
0.526
25.6
17.3
23.6
20.4
512.7
375.2
436.7
4722
51.2
214
282
7.7
1.322
0.0600
48.3
Truck SUV
6
2015
2328
0.496
25.6
17.3
23.5
20.4
510.9
375.6
436.9
4741
51.0
213
286
7.7
1.347
0.0606
48.5
Truck SUV
6
2016
2166
0.458
25.5
17.2
23.5
20.3
511.2
375.9
438.3
4734
50.9
213
290
7.6
1.366
0.0614
48.3
Truck SUV
6
2017
2657
0.492
26.0
17.5
23.9
20.7
502.2
367.2
430.5
4760
51.2
213
297
7.4
1.402
0.0626
49.5
Truck SUV
6
2018
-
0.426
26.7
17.9
24.1
21.0
491.3
366.3
423.6
4753
51.3
214
297
7.3
1.392
0.0627
50.1
Truck SUV
8
1975
168
0.947
12.8
10.5
11.4
10.8
832.5
749.8
819.5
4284
337
151
0.445
0.0363
23.1
Truck SUV
8
1976
197
0.850
13.4
10.8
12.2
11.4
815.6
718.6
781.1
4556
354
150
0.421
0.0334
25.8
Truck SUV
8
1977
232
0.878
14.7
11.9
13.4
12.5
736.0
654.8
709.4
4427
348
152
0.435
0.0348
27.7
Truck SUV
8
1978
319
0.876
14.1
11.3
12.9
12.0
775.0
680.4
741.8
4468
355
157
13.1
0.442
0.0356
26.7
Truck SUV
8
1979
321
0.835
11.8
9.8
10.3
10.0
893.8
850.3
889.0
4832
354
151
14.9
0.426
0.0314
24.2
Truck SUV
8
1980
111
0.605
13.9
11.1
12.8
11.8
793.8
690.0
751.1
4777
339
154
15.0
0.453
0.0323
28.4
Truck SUV
8
1981
78
0.574
15.2
12.1
14.1
12.9
729.0
622.6
687.4
4792
329
150
15.3
0.459
0.0314
31.2
Truck SUV
8
1982
103
0.688
16.4
13.0
15.4
14.0
690.1
575.4
652.0
4961
333
146
16.8
0.441
0.0296
36.3
Truck SUV
8
1983
116
0.454
16.2
12.8
15.4
13.8
699.2
573.7
654.5
4962
339
148
15.2
0.442
0.0301
35.6
Truck SUV
8
1984
186
0.326
15.4
12.1
14.5
13.1
729.6
601.6
685.0
4971
336
156
14.6
0.467
0.0315
33.5
Truck SUV
8
1985
198
0.306
15.6
12.2
14.9
13.3
723.9
589.7
672.3
4977
336
162
14.0
0.486
0.0327
33.7
Truck SUV
8
1986
194
0.272
16.2
12.5
15.6
13.8
705.2
564.7
647.5
4981
330
159
13.5
0.484
0.0321
34.8
Truck SUV
8
1987
175
0.225
15.9
12.3
15.2
13.5
719.8
576.8
660.7
5090
337
181
13.0
0.537
0.0355
34.8
Truck SUV
8
1988
194
0.226
16.1
12.3
15.3
13.6
717.8
574.1
655.5
5115
338
183
13.0
0.541
0.0357
35.1
Truck SUV
8
1989
208
0.254
16.0
12.2
15.4
13.5
727.8
567.5
658.4
5196
336
186
12.5
0.551
0.0357
35.5
Truck SUV
8
1990
170
0.265
16.2
12.1
15.9
13.7
734.5
555.4
651.8
5257
338
192
11.4
0.569
0.0367
36.1
Truck SUV
8
1991
91
0.104
16.2
12.1
15.8
13.6
735.9
560.6
653.3
5293
339
199
11.3
0.589
0.0377
36.3
Truck SUV
8
1992
97
0.127
15.9
11.7
15.5
13.3
755.3
571.3
666.3
5428
340
201
11.2
0.591
0.0371
36.2
Truck SUV
8
1993
159
0.190
16.4
12.0
15.9
13.7
737.3
559.1
649.6
5524
343
207
10.3
0.605
0.0376
37.8
Truck SUV
8
1994
296
0.229
17.0
12.5
16.2
14.1
708.8
547.2
628.4
5003
334
209
9.6
0.629
0.0431
35.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-35 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
6
1989
99.3%
0.7%
24.8%
4.2%
71.0%
7.3%
53.1%
39.6%
Truck SUV
6
1990
99.3%
0.7%
26.5%
2.0%
71.5%
7.2%
73.9%
18.9%
Truck SUV
6
1991
99.2%
0.8%
18.1%
1.0%
80.9%
67.6%
32.4%
Truck SUV
6
1992
98.4%
1.6%
19.3%
1.0%
79.7%
83.2%
16.8%
Truck SUV
6
1993
98.2%
1.8%
17.4%
1.3%
81.3%
99.4%
0.6%
Truck SUV
6
1994
100.0%
13.9%
86.1%
99.7%
0.3%
17.9%
Truck SUV
6
1995
91.3%
8.7%
11.6%
88.4%
100.0%
22.3%
Truck SUV
6
1996
84.6%
15.4%
5.4%
94.6%
100.0%
12.2%
Truck SUV
6
1997
83.0%
17.0%
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
20.6%
Truck SUV
6
1998
91.4%
8.6%
6.8%
93.2%
100.0%
21.6%
Truck SUV
6
1999
91.2%
8.8%
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
30.2%
5.7%
Truck SUV
6
2000
92.2%
7.8%
5.4%
94.6%
100.0%
26.1%
4.7%
Truck SUV
6
2001
12.4%
77.3%
10.3%
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
45.0%
20.3%
Truck SUV
6
2002
2.0%
76.8%
21.2%
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
54.8%
32.8%
Truck SUV
6
2003
2.7%
78.9%
18.4%
2.2%
96.1%
1.7%
100.0%
66.9%
49.1%
Truck SUV
6
2004
2.9%
79.0%
18.1%
2.6%
95.8%
1.6%
100.0%
61.9%
49.2%
Truck SUV
6
2005
2.6%
80.8%
16.5%
2.4%
95.4%
2.2%
100.0%
74.0%
57.1%
Truck SUV
6
2006
6.0%
77.2%
16.8%
2.5%
90.4%
7.1%
100.0%
71.0%
60.5%
4.4%
Truck SUV
6
2007
7.7%
79.1%
13.2%
2.7%
91.7%
5.7%
99.5%
0.5%
73.8%
58.8%
2.2%
Truck SUV
6
2008
12.3%
76.4%
11.3%
2.0%
95.3%
2.7%
1.7%
97.6%
0.7%
76.1%
59.7%
2.7%
Truck SUV
6
2009
22.7%
73.4%
3.9%
0.6%
92.0%
7.5%
9.2%
89.8%
1.0%
84.4%
69.5%
1.0%
Truck SUV
6
2010
19.0%
74.8%
6.2%
1.7%
93.7%
4.6%
16.3%
82.6%
1.1%
80.0%
74.7%
1.9%
Truck SUV
6
2011
20.1%
72.4%
7.5%
1.3%
96.0%
2.8%
20.3%
78.2%
1.5%
89.0%
86.8%
0.7%
Truck SUV
6
2012
20.4%
75.6%
4.1%
2.2%
95.0%
2.9%
23.8%
74.1%
2.1%
95.2%
93.2%
0.8%
Truck SUV
6
2013
22.9%
73.3%
3.9%
1.6%
88.9%
9.5%
19.2%
79.2%
1.5%
100.0%
96.9%
1.2%
Truck SUV
6
2014
21.7%
72.5%
5.9%
1.4%
90.0%
8.5%
27.5%
70.7%
1.8%
85.3%
95.7%
0.3%
Truck SUV
6
2015
20.0%
73.5%
6.6%
1.4%
0.6%
90.8%
7.2%
27.4%
70.9%
1.6%
100.0%
97.7%
0.6%
Truck SUV
6
2016
20.6%
73.9%
5.5%
1.2%
0.5%
93.6%
4.7%
42.1%
56.9%
1.1%
100.0%
98.9%
0.7%
Truck SUV
6
2017
22.5%
72.1%
5.4%
0.8%
0.6%
90.9%
7.7%
48.9%
50.8%
0.4%
100.0%
99.2%
1.1%
Truck SUV
6
2018
21.4%
71.9%
6.7%
1.2%
0.5%
91.3%
6.9%
46.8%
52.6%
0.6%
100.0%
98.5%
1.4%
Truck SUV
8
1975
88.4%
11.6%
37.2%
62.8%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8
1976
88.6%
11.4%
24.5%
75.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8
1977
87.3%
12.7%
25.9%
74.1%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8
1978
92.3%
7.7%
25.1%
74.9%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8
1979
66.8%
33.2%
22.6%
76.9%
0.5%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8
1980
82.6%
17.4%
14.9%
43.8%
41.3%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8
1981
84.5%
15.5%
9.9%
30.9%
59.2%
100.0%
Truck SUV
8
1982
79.9%
20.1%
8.9%
33.6%
57.5%
75.9%
24.1%
Truck SUV
8
1983
80.8%
19.2%
4.7%
26.8%
67.6%
0.8%
83.3%
16.7%
Truck SUV
8
1984
79.4%
20.6%
6.4%
44.3%
49.3%
92.2%
7.8%
Truck SUV
8
1985
71.7%
28.3%
3.3%
41.2%
55.5%
90.6%
4.5%
4.8%
Truck SUV
8
1986
75.2%
24.8%
3.6%
23.5%
72.9%
76.6%
20.0%
3.4%
Truck SUV
8
1987
73.9%
26.1%
2.9%
27.2%
69.9%
27.8%
16.7%
53.7%
1.9%
Truck SUV
8
1988
74.9%
25.1%
2.6%
26.4%
70.9%
9.4%
29.0%
60.1%
1.5%
Truck SUV
8
1989
76.0%
24.0%
3.0%
23.4%
73.6%
6.0%
32.9%
60.0%
1.1%
Truck SUV
8
1990
73.0%
27.0%
2.0%
11.1%
86.9%
4.0%
32.8%
62.1%
1.2%
Truck SUV
8
1991
70.6%
29.4%
1.4%
9.0%
89.7%
4.1%
30.1%
64.0%
1.8%
Truck SUV
8
1992
73.8%
26.2%
1.3%
0.4%
98.2%
30.7%
69.3%
Truck SUV
8
1993
70.7%
29.3%
1.3%
98.7%
24.3%
75.7%
Truck SUV
8
1994
81.1%
18.9%
1.4%
98.6%
48.6%
51.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-36 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Truck SUV
8
1995
379
0.237
17.0
12.4
16.2
14.1
714.9
547.9
631.0
5066
334
206
10.0
0.621
0.0417
35.6
Truck SUV
8
1996
455
0.284
17.5
12.6
16.8
14.5
703.0
529.8
614.1
4965
328
226
9.8
0.687
0.0458
35.9
Truck SUV
8
1997
722
0.346
17.6
12.7
16.9
14.6
700.4
523.8
609.3
5095
323
228
9.9
0.707
0.0451
37.1
Truck SUV
8
1998
734
0.345
17.3
12.3
16.6
14.3
721.4
532.3
623.0
5093
320
226
10.2
0.707
0.0446
36.3
Truck SUV
8
1999
877
0.375
17.4
12.3
16.8
14.4
718.4
528.4
618.7
5138
319
236
9.9
0.744
0.0463
36.9
Truck SUV
8
2000
1022
0.405
17.6
12.5
16.7
14.4
711.0
530.2
615.6
5280
311
243
9.5
0.782
0.0462
38.1
Truck SUV
8
2001
864
0.319
17.7
12.6
16.4
14.4
703.3
540.8
616.6
5395
310
256
9.2
0.825
0.0475
38.9
Truck SUV
8
2002
1109
0.309
18.0
12.6
17.0
14.7
701.7
522.2
604.2
5437
311
271
9.0
0.870
0.0500
40.0
Truck SUV
8
2003
1333
0.373
18.1
12.6
16.9
14.7
702.2
524.7
605.3
5558
310
266
9.1
0.859
0.0481
40.8
Truck SUV
8
2004
1492
0.366
18.1
12.5
16.8
14.6
705.4
526.6
606.7
5516
314
277
CO
CO
0.883
0.0505
40.4
Truck SUV
8
2005
1056
0.323
18.5
12.7
17.1
14.9
696.2
516.8
595.7
5577
315
288
8.6
0.916
0.0517
41.7
Truck SUV
8
2006
789
0.262
18.6
12.8
17.4
15.0
694.5
509.9
590.9
5523
309
293
8.5
0.951
0.0532
41.5
Truck SUV
8
2007
991
0.299
19.5
13.2
18.5
15.8
668.4
477.7
561.8
5749
320
313
8.4
0.977
0.0546
45.7
Truck SUV
8
2008
672
0.219
19.3
13.1
18.3
15.6
676.3
484.1
569.1
5784
53.9
322
330
8.2
1.030
0.0572
45.3
Truck SUV
8
2009
211
0.123
19.7
13.3
18.8
16.0
660.4
470.5
556.2
5756
53.6
323
335
7.7
1.042
0.0583
46.3
Truck SUV
8
2010
283
0.123
19.9
13.5
18.9
16.1
655.8
465.6
551.2
5944
54.1
327
338
7.9
1.039
0.0571
48.2
Truck SUV
8
2011
518
0.169
20.2
13.7
19.2
16.4
644.2
459.0
542.1
5985
55.6
331
350
7.7
1.061
0.0588
49.3
Truck SUV
8
2012
394
0.142
20.1
13.6
19.1
16.2
650.1
462.6
547.0
5983
55.7
330
352
7.7
1.068
0.0591
48.9
Truck SUV
8
2013
454
0.137
20.3
13.7
19.2
16.4
643.4
458.8
541.6
5995
55.8
330
352
7.7
1.071
0.0589
49.4
Truck SUV
8
2014
331
0.089
20.4
13.8
19.4
16.5
643.6
455.3
539.2
5933
55.3
329
360
7.4
1.101
0.0611
49.0
Truck SUV
8
2015
508
0.108
22.1
14.9
21.2
17.9
594.0
417.0
495.9
6040
56.7
334
370
7.4
1.110
0.0614
54.4
Truck SUV
8
2016
426
0.090
22.2
15.0
21.0
17.9
589.8
419.8
495.5
5997
56.6
334
379
7.2
1.140
0.0635
54.0
Truck SUV
8
2017
438
0.081
21.9
14.7
20.7
17.6
601.1
425.9
504.9
6054
56.2
334
378
7.2
1.136
0.0625
53.6
Truck SUV
8
2018
-
0.068
21.7
14.6
20.8
17.5
606.9
424.7
506.5
6031
56.2
335
387
7.0
1.169
0.0644
53.2
Truck SUV
Other
1975
Truck SUV
Other
1976
Truck SUV
Other
1977
Truck SUV
Other
1978
Truck SUV
Other
1979
Truck SUV
Other
1980
Truck SUV
Other
1981
Truck SUV
Other
1982
Truck SUV
Other
1983
Truck SUV
Other
1984
Truck SUV
Other
1985
Truck SUV
Other
1986
Truck SUV
Other
1987
Truck SUV
Other
1988
Truck SUV
Other
1989
Truck SUV
Other
1990
Truck SUV
Other
1991
Truck SUV
Other
1992
Truck SUV
Other
1993
Truck SUV
Other
1994
Truck SUV
Other
1995
Truck SUV
Other
1996
Truck SUV
Other
1997
Truck SUV
Other
1998
Truck SUV
Other
1999
Truck SUV
Other
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-37 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
8
1995
82.9%
17.1%
1.2%
98.8%
41.7%
58.3%
Truck SUV
8
1996
78.6%
21.4%
0.8%
99.2%
99.9%
0.1%
Truck SUV
8
1997
76.2%
23.8%
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
0.0%
Truck SUV
8
1998
75.6%
24.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Truck SUV
8
1999
58.7%
41.3%
100.0%
100.0%
4.8%
Truck SUV
8
2000
70.5%
29.5%
100.0%
100.0%
5.3%
0.5%
Truck SUV
8
2001
67.9%
32.1%
100.0%
100.0%
15.5%
2.2%
Truck SUV
8
2002
64.5%
35.5%
100.0%
100.0%
12.2%
0.9%
Truck SUV
8
2003
62.0%
38.0%
100.0%
100.0%
18.4%
2.6%
Truck SUV
8
2004
65.4%
34.6%
100.0%
100.0%
28.1%
14.1%
Truck SUV
8
2005
67.3%
32.7%
100.0%
100.0%
34.8%
29.3%
Truck SUV
8
2006
70.7%
29.3%
100.0%
100.0%
51.1%
49.7%
Truck SUV
8
2007
63.4%
36.6%
100.0%
100.0%
25.0%
28.1%
Truck SUV
8
2008
67.1%
32.9%
0.0%
98.8%
1.2%
2.1%
97.9%
41.9%
42.9%
1.2%
Truck SUV
8
2009
60.5%
39.5%
0.1%
96.9%
3.0%
3.6%
96.4%
36.0%
47.1%
3.3%
Truck SUV
8
2010
66.2%
33.8%
0.0%
0.1%
99.5%
0.4%
10.5%
89.5%
57.7%
86.0%
0.5%
Truck SUV
8
2011
72.5%
27.5%
0.0%
99.6%
0.4%
13.3%
86.7%
39.1%
99.8%
0.4%
Truck SUV
8
2012
72.4%
27.6%
99.6%
0.4%
14.9%
85.1%
43.9%
99.2%
0.4%
Truck SUV
8
2013
72.3%
27.7%
99.7%
0.3%
16.9%
83.1%
39.0%
99.7%
0.3%
Truck SUV
8
2014
74.2%
25.8%
100.0%
20.7%
79.3%
51.9%
98.4%
Truck SUV
8
2015
70.6%
29.4%
100.0%
82.1%
17.9%
20.3%
99.1%
Truck SUV
8
2016
71.6%
28.4%
100.0%
84.4%
15.6%
23.5%
99.6%
Truck SUV
8
2017
72.0%
28.0%
100.0%
81.8%
18.2%
31.0%
99.4%
Truck SUV
8
2018
73.0%
27.0%
100.0%
78.7%
21.3%
30.3%
98.6%
Truck SUV
Other
1975
Truck SUV
Other
1976
Truck SUV
Other
1977
Truck SUV
Other
1978
Truck SUV
Other
1979
Truck SUV
Other
1980
Truck SUV
Other
1981
Truck SUV
Other
1982
Truck SUV
Other
1983
Truck SUV
Other
1984
Truck SUV
Other
1985
Truck SUV
Other
1986
Truck SUV
Other
1987
Truck SUV
Other
1988
Truck SUV
Other
1989
Truck SUV
Other
1990
Truck SUV
Other
1991
Truck SUV
Other
1992
Truck SUV
Other
1993
Truck SUV
Other
1994
Truck SUV
Other
1995
Truck SUV
Other
1996
Truck SUV
Other
1997
Truck SUV
Other
1998
Truck SUV
Other
1999
Truck SUV
Other
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-38 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Truck SUV
Other
2001
Truck SUV
Other
2002
Truck SUV
Other
2003
Truck SUV
Other
2004
1
0.000
22.8
15.4
21.8
18.4
661.8
467.5
552.2
6000
300
310
8.5
1.033
0.0517
55.3
Truck SUV
Other
2005
Truck SUV
Other
2006
1
0.000
21.7
14.8
20.0
17.4
686.3
508.9
585.2
6000
300
310
8.5
1.033
0.0517
52.2
Truck SUV
Other
2007
0
0.000
21.7
14.8
20.0
17.4
686.3
508.9
585.2
6000
300
310
8.6
1.033
0.0517
52.2
Truck SUV
Other
2008
0
0.000
21.7
14.8
20.0
17.4
686.3
508.9
585.2
6000
51.1
300
310
8.7
1.033
0.0517
52.2
Truck SUV
Other
2009
Truck SUV
Other
2010
Truck SUV
Other
2011
Truck SUV
Other
2012
Truck SUV
Other
2013
Truck SUV
Other
2014
Truck SUV
Other
2015
Truck SUV
Other
2016
0
0.000
15.0
10.6
13.1
11.9
838.1
680.3
748.2
6000
46.4
365
621
5.0
1.702
0.1035
35.6
Truck SUV
Other
2017
1
0.000
18.1
12.3
18.6
15.3
719.9
472.9
582.4
6000
53.5
366
602
5.0
1.644
0.1003
46.0
Truck SUV
Other
2018
-
0.000
18.3
12.4
19.0
15.5
714.4
465.2
573.4
6000
53.9
366
600
5.0
1.641
0.1001
46.6
Pickup
2
1975
3
0.002
15.5
11.7
15.9
13.2
760.4
559.9
670.8
3000
80
135
1.688
0.0450
19.9
Pickup
2
1976
4
0.002
16.4
12.4
16.8
14.1
714.1
528.9
632.5
3000
80
135
1.688
0.0450
21.1
Pickup
2
1977
3
0.001
19.3
14.7
19.4
16.5
603.0
456.2
538.1
3000
80
135
1.688
0.0450
24.8
Pickup
2
1978
Pickup
2
1979
Pickup
2
1980
Pickup
2
1981
Pickup
2
1982
Pickup
2
1983
Pickup
2
1984
Pickup
2
1985
Pickup
2
1986
Pickup
2
1987
Pickup
2
1988
Pickup
2
1989
Pickup
2
1990
Pickup
2
1991
Pickup
2
1992
Pickup
2
1993
Pickup
2
1994
Pickup
2
1995
Pickup
2
1996
Pickup
2
1997
Pickup
2
1998
Pickup
2
1999
Pickup
2
2000
Pickup
2
2001
Pickup
2
2002
Pickup
2
2003
Pickup
2
2004
Pickup
2
2005
Pickup
2
2006
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-39 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Truck SUV
Other
2001
Truck SUV
Other
2002
Truck SUV
Other
2003
Truck SUV
Other
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Other
2005
Truck SUV
Other
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Other
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Other
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Other
2009
Truck SUV
Other
2010
Truck SUV
Other
2011
Truck SUV
Other
2012
Truck SUV
Other
2013
Truck SUV
Other
2014
Truck SUV
Other
2015
Truck SUV
Other
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Other
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Truck SUV
Other
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
2
1975
100.0%
68.2%
31.8%
100.0%
Pickup
2
1976
100.0%
81.1%
18.9%
100.0%
Pickup
2
1977
100.0%
85.1%
14.9%
100.0%
Pickup
2
1978
Pickup
2
1979
Pickup
2
1980
Pickup
2
1981
Pickup
2
1982
Pickup
2
1983
Pickup
2
1984
Pickup
2
1985
Pickup
2
1986
Pickup
2
1987
Pickup
2
1988
Pickup
2
1989
Pickup
2
1990
Pickup
2
1991
Pickup
2
1992
Pickup
2
1993
Pickup
2
1994
Pickup
2
1995
Pickup
2
1996
Pickup
2
1997
Pickup
2
1998
Pickup
2
1999
Pickup
2
2000
Pickup
2
2001
Pickup
2
2002
Pickup
2
2003
Pickup
2
2004
Pickup
2
2005
Pickup
2
2006
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-40 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Pickup
2
2007
Pickup
2
2008
Pickup
2
2009
Pickup
2
2010
Pickup
2
2011
Pickup
2
2012
Pickup
2
2013
Pickup
2
2014
Pickup
2
2015
Pickup
2
2016
Pickup
2
2017
Pickup
2
2018
Pickup
4
1975
214
0.159
22.2
17.2
21.6
19.0
514.2
408.5
468.7
2817
116
88
0.750
0.0314
26.8
Pickup
4
1976
224
0.120
23.7
18.4
23.1
20.2
480.6
381.5
439.3
2826
117
89
0.757
0.0318
28.7
Pickup
4
1977
304
0.150
26.4
20.6
25.3
22.5
427.9
348.2
395.3
2819
122
91
0.748
0.0324
32.0
Pickup
4
1978
339
0.150
26.3
21.0
24.3
22.4
419.3
361.6
397.3
2844
121
88
14.7
0.731
0.0310
32.1
Pickup
4
1979
459
0.208
23.4
18.4
22.1
19.9
471.5
394.5
446.4
2832
123
85
16.3
0.692
0.0300
28.7
Pickup
4
1980
550
0.383
24.6
19.6
22.8
20.9
446.1
381.5
425.6
2818
124
87
16.2
0.705
0.0311
29.9
Pickup
4
1981
497
0.346
27.7
22.1
25.7
23.6
402.8
345.7
383.6
2842
130
85
16.6
0.652
0.0298
34.1
Pickup
4
1982
485
0.337
27.8
22.1
25.7
23.6
401.8
346.1
382.8
2886
133
87
17.4
0.657
0.0304
34.6
Pickup
4
1983
707
0.434
27.6
22.0
25.6
23.5
402.3
343.1
381.2
2921
135
88
15.9
0.651
0.0303
34.7
Pickup
4
1984
795
0.389
27.2
21.7
25.2
23.1
407.6
347.8
386.0
2973
134
89
15.8
0.661
0.0300
34.7
Pickup
4
1985
819
0.394
27.4
21.9
25.3
23.3
402.7
346.6
382.0
3034
141
98
14.7
0.693
0.0322
35.5
Pickup
4
1986
1256
0.496
27.0
21.3
25.1
22.9
413.7
349.2
388.6
3054
139
97
14.1
0.696
0.0318
35.1
Pickup
4
1987
1064
0.496
27.1
21.1
25.3
22.9
416.8
346.4
388.5
3050
140
96
14.4
0.686
0.0316
35.0
Pickup
4
1988
913
0.371
27.1
21.1
25.1
22.8
418.2
349.2
389.9
3070
142
97
14.5
0.685
0.0317
35.2
Pickup
4
1989
773
0.347
26.8
20.8
24.7
22.5
424.8
356.1
395.5
3085
144
102
13.5
0.710
0.0331
34.8
Pickup
4
1990
554
0.302
27.1
20.9
24.8
22.6
422.5
354.6
393.3
3096
144
110
12.1
0.765
0.0356
35.1
Pickup
4
1991
632
0.329
27.3
20.9
25.0
22.7
423.3
352.9
391.3
3119
145
108
12.3
0.749
0.0349
35.5
Pickup
4
1992
471
0.256
27.1
20.5
24.8
22.4
432.4
355.3
396.6
3194
143
110
12.1
0.767
0.0347
35.9
Pickup
4
1993
478
0.239
27.3
20.5
24.9
22.5
430.8
353.7
394.5
3211
143
112
11.2
0.782
0.0351
36.2
Pickup
4
1994
706
0.265
27.3
20.4
24.9
22.4
434.4
354.9
395.9
3333
141
113
11.3
0.799
0.0342
37.5
Pickup
4
1995
653
0.288
26.8
19.8
24.4
21.9
444.4
359.6
405.5
3426
147
124
11.2
0.848
0.0365
37.8
Pickup
4
1996
556
0.284
27.0
19.7
24.9
22.1
448.1
353.9
402.0
3420
143
124
11.6
0.871
0.0366
38.0
Pickup
4
1997
465
0.193
27.5
20.0
24.9
22.3
441.1
353.2
398.2
3457
141
120
11.9
0.853
0.0349
38.8
Pickup
4
1998
615
0.255
27.0
19.5
24.6
21.9
453.5
358.2
405.9
3462
145
127
11.9
0.877
0.0370
38.1
Pickup
4
1999
392
0.154
26.5
19.0
24.1
21.4
465.4
365.3
415.1
3452
147
128
11.9
0.867
0.0371
37.2
Pickup
4
2000
437
0.167
26.0
18.5
23.6
21.0
477.1
373.5
423.8
3466
145
127
11.5
0.879
0.0368
36.5
Pickup
4
2001
277
0.110
25.8
18.4
23.0
20.6
479.9
384.3
430.6
3501
146
132
11.1
0.906
0.0378
36.3
Pickup
4
2002
166
0.070
26.3
18.8
23.0
20.9
467.7
382.6
424.7
3525
149
143
10.7
0.958
0.0407
37.1
Pickup
4
2003
289
0.117
26.3
18.3
23.7
21.0
481.8
372.5
423.7
3527
142
133
11.3
0.933
0.0377
37.1
Pickup
4
2004
155
0.062
26.2
18.3
23.1
20.7
480.9
382.2
428.7
3542
152
147
10.5
0.972
0.0418
36.8
Pickup
4
2005
126
0.055
26.0
17.7
23.6
20.7
497.8
375.0
430.1
3740
160
162
10.1
1.017
0.0434
38.7
Pickup
4
2006
165
0.075
25.8
17.6
23.6
20.6
503.0
374.9
432.4
3749
160
162
10.2
1.012
0.0434
38.6
Pickup
4
2007
139
0.066
25.6
17.5
23.2
20.3
500.9
380.7
436.8
3712
161
164
10.2
1.015
0.0443
38.0
Pickup
4
2008
128
0.072
26.7
18.4
23.7
21.1
481.0
373.1
421.0
3698
49.9
159
162
10.3
1.015
0.0438
39.1
Pickup
4
2009
94
0.095
27.2
18.8
24.0
21.4
471.2
368.9
414.8
3719
50.7
158
159
10.2
1.005
0.0427
39.9
Pickup
4
2010
86
0.068
27.2
18.7
24.1
21.4
473.5
368.1
414.9
3703
50.7
155
156
10.5
1.007
0.0422
39.7
Pickup
4
2011
100
0.068
27.5
18.9
24.1
21.6
468.2
368.0
412.2
3700
49.8
154
154
10.6
1.004
0.0417
39.9
Pickup
4
2012
70
0.052
27.1
18.5
23.4
21.0
478.5
378.2
422.6
3864
50.7
168
167
10.4
0.996
0.0435
40.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-41 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
2
2007
Pickup
2
2008
Pickup
2
2009
Pickup
2
2010
Pickup
2
2011
Pickup
2
2012
Pickup
2
2013
Pickup
2
2014
Pickup
2
2015
Pickup
2
2016
Pickup
2
2017
Pickup
2
2018
Pickup
4
1975
100.0%
83.5%
16.5%
100.0%
Pickup
4
1976
100.0%
81.4%
18.6%
100.0%
Pickup
4
1977
100.0%
82.3%
17.7%
100.0%
Pickup
4
1978
6.9%
93.1%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
Pickup
4
1979
20.5%
79.5%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
Pickup
4
1980
4.8%
20.2%
75.0%
89.9%
10.1%
95.2%
2.7%
2.0%
Pickup
4
1981
6.7%
23.0%
70.2%
93.1%
6.9%
81.9%
1.8%
16.3%
Pickup
4
1982
6.6%
23.4%
70.0%
90.8%
6.9%
2.3%
83.9%
0.7%
15.4%
Pickup
4
1983
4.3%
18.9%
76.8%
86.3%
12.3%
1.4%
94.1%
0.2%
5.7%
Pickup
4
1984
1.5%
20.6%
77.8%
88.9%
8.6%
2.5%
93.3%
2.5%
4.2%
Pickup
4
1985
22.4%
77.6%
84.6%
6.6%
8.8%
69.3%
18.3%
10.7%
1.7%
Pickup
4
1986
19.8%
80.2%
85.9%
6.2%
7.9%
62.3%
14.3%
22.6%
0.7%
Pickup
4
1987
17.3%
82.7%
84.5%
7.6%
7.9%
61.1%
11.7%
26.8%
0.3%
Pickup
4
1988
15.2%
84.8%
84.9%
5.8%
9.3%
42.9%
27.3%
29.7%
Pickup
4
1989
15.3%
84.7%
84.9%
4.5%
10.6%
28.8%
34.5%
36.6%
Pickup
4
1990
13.1%
86.9%
84.9%
2.2%
12.9%
19.9%
69.5%
10.5%
Pickup
4
1991
12.4%
87.6%
85.3%
2.7%
12.0%
9.7%
67.3%
23.0%
Pickup
4
1992
13.8%
86.2%
86.8%
3.1%
10.1%
12.6%
77.6%
9.8%
Pickup
4
1993
14.8%
85.2%
86.8%
3.3%
9.9%
8.8%
87.0%
4.2%
Pickup
4
1994
12.2%
87.8%
85.2%
3.6%
11.2%
2.9%
96.7%
0.4%
0.2%
Pickup
4
1995
15.3%
84.7%
79.9%
3.1%
17.0%
97.3%
2.7%
17.7%
Pickup
4
1996
9.8%
90.2%
76.6%
4.8%
18.6%
100.0%
35.2%
Pickup
4
1997
5.9%
94.1%
78.0%
22.0%
100.0%
28.6%
Pickup
4
1998
11.1%
88.9%
66.9%
6.0%
27.1%
100.0%
35.6%
Pickup
4
1999
10.5%
89.5%
57.4%
6.1%
36.5%
100.0%
34.6%
Pickup
4
2000
7.9%
92.1%
48.0%
4.8%
47.2%
100.0%
35.0%
Pickup
4
2001
8.7%
91.3%
48.5%
7.7%
43.8%
100.0%
54.0%
Pickup
4
2002
12.5%
87.5%
47.9%
12.5%
39.6%
100.0%
99.9%
Pickup
4
2003
10.6%
89.4%
38.8%
7.6%
53.6%
100.0%
53.7%
Pickup
4
2004
12.4%
87.6%
42.3%
15.2%
42.4%
100.0%
100.0%
12.5%
Pickup
4
2005
17.6%
82.4%
43.0%
57.0%
100.0%
100.0%
68.4%
Pickup
4
2006
15.0%
85.0%
37.9%
62.1%
100.0%
100.0%
79.7%
Pickup
4
2007
8.3%
91.7%
33.1%
66.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4
2008
10.8%
89.2%
29.8%
70.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4
2009
14.1%
85.9%
34.1%
65.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4
2010
12.4%
87.6%
25.8%
74.2%
100.0%
100.0%
58.8%
Pickup
4
2011
14.7%
85.3%
18.8%
81.2%
100.0%
100.0%
52.7%
Pickup
4
2012
23.6%
76.4%
17.6%
82.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-42 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Pickup
4
2013
67
0.042
27.4
18.9
23.1
21.1
469.9
383.7
422.1
3892
52.6
162
158
10.8
0.973
0.0406
41.0
Pickup
4
2014
57
0.029
27.3
18.8
23.0
21.0
472.2
384.8
423.7
3894
52.8
162
157
10.8
0.974
0.0405
40.9
Pickup
4
2015
80
0.045
27.5
18.8
23.7
21.3
470.6
373.7
417.0
4020
55.7
159
167
10.6
1.052
0.0415
43.0
Pickup
4
2016
99
0.052
27.8
19.1
24.5
21.8
473.3
366.4
414.1
4228
55.9
158
174
10.3
1.104
0.0415
46.4
Pickup
4
2017
92
0.045
27.2
18.8
23.8
21.4
479.1
379.0
423.6
4254
55.7
160
168
10.6
1.054
0.0398
45.7
Pickup
4
2018
-
0.042
28.2
19.3
24.8
22.1
474.3
368.0
415.0
4262
55.8
161
174
10.3
1.086
0.0411
47.5
Pickup
5
1975
Pickup
5
1976
Pickup
5
1977
Pickup
5
1978
Pickup
5
1979
Pickup
5
1980
Pickup
5
1981
Pickup
5
1982
Pickup
5
1983
Pickup
5
1984
Pickup
5
1985
Pickup
5
1986
Pickup
5
1987
Pickup
5
1988
Pickup
5
1989
Pickup
5
1990
Pickup
5
1991
Pickup
5
1992
Pickup
5
1993
Pickup
5
1994
Pickup
5
1995
Pickup
5
1996
Pickup
5
1997
Pickup
5
1998
Pickup
5
1999
Pickup
5
2000
Pickup
5
2001
Pickup
5
2002
Pickup
5
2003
Pickup
5
2004
96
0.038
23.9
16.4
22.0
19.1
540.7
403.9
464.1
4076
211
215
9.1
1.019
0.0530
39.0
Pickup
5
2005
131
0.057
23.2
15.8
21.5
18.6
560.7
412.6
477.7
4141
211
215
9.1
1.019
0.0521
38.5
Pickup
5
2006
78
0.036
23.5
16.0
21.7
18.8
554.6
407.9
472.4
4162
211
215
9.2
1.019
0.0519
39.1
Pickup
5
2007
49
0.023
21.3
14.4
20.0
17.2
615.0
443.3
518.1
4160
223
208
9.5
0.931
0.0497
35.7
Pickup
5
2008
53
0.030
22.1
14.9
20.9
17.8
594.7
424.4
498.4
4124
45.8
223
190
10.0
0.853
0.0464
36.7
Pickup
5
2009
21
0.021
23.3
15.9
21.5
18.7
556.4
412.6
475.9
4294
46.2
223
245
8.5
1.099
0.0574
40.1
Pickup
5
2010
20
0.016
23.6
16.0
21.8
18.9
553.1
407.5
470.8
4281
49.3
226
245
8.6
1.084
0.0575
40.4
Pickup
5
2011
18
0.012
23.6
16.1
21.8
18.9
552.1
407.7
470.2
4276
50.2
226
242
8.7
1.071
0.0569
40.4
Pickup
5
2012
38
0.028
23.8
16.2
22.0
19.1
547.3
404.0
466.1
4248
50.7
226
242
8.7
1.072
0.0573
40.4
Pickup
5
2013
Pickup
5
2014
Pickup
5
2015
Pickup
5
2016
Pickup
5
2017
Pickup
5
2018
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-43 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
4
2013
19.3%
80.7%
16.5%
83.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4
2014
18.5%
81.5%
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4
2015
15.7%
84.3%
10.8%
89.2%
26.1%
73.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
4
2016
23.9%
76.1%
6.7%
93.3%
39.1%
47.8%
13.2%
100.0%
86.8%
Pickup
4
2017
26.3%
73.7%
6.8%
93.2%
22.4%
64.2%
13.4%
100.0%
86.6%
Pickup
4
2018
27.6%
72.4%
6.2%
93.8%
30.4%
44.9%
24.8%
100.0%
75.2%
Pickup
5
1975
Pickup
5
1976
Pickup
5
1977
Pickup
5
1978
Pickup
5
1979
Pickup
5
1980
Pickup
5
1981
Pickup
5
1982
Pickup
5
1983
Pickup
5
1984
Pickup
5
1985
Pickup
5
1986
Pickup
5
1987
Pickup
5
1988
Pickup
5
1989
Pickup
5
1990
Pickup
5
1991
Pickup
5
1992
Pickup
5
1993
Pickup
5
1994
Pickup
5
1995
Pickup
5
1996
Pickup
5
1997
Pickup
5
1998
Pickup
5
1999
Pickup
5
2000
Pickup
5
2001
Pickup
5
2002
Pickup
5
2003
Pickup
5
2004
43.9%
56.1%
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2005
51.2%
48.8%
2.4%
97.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2006
51.9%
48.1%
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2007
48.9%
51.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2008
49.6%
50.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2009
58.8%
41.2%
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2010
61.0%
39.0%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2011
64.1%
35.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2012
57.2%
42.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
5
2013
Pickup
5
2014
Pickup
5
2015
Pickup
5
2016
Pickup
5
2017
Pickup
5
2018
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-44 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Pickup
6
1975
144
0.107
17.1
13.7
15.8
14.6
645.3
555.9
610.7
4020
271
103
0.384
0.0256
29.5
Pickup
6
1976
272
0.146
18.9
15.1
17.4
16.0
586.7
503.8
553.8
4008
267
103
0.389
0.0257
32.3
Pickup
6
1977
254
0.125
19.0
15.3
17.3
16.2
575.1
504.9
550.0
4045
271
110
0.405
0.0272
32.9
Pickup
6
1978
347
0.153
18.5
14.9
16.8
15.7
591.3
517.9
566.1
4054
274
116
15.5
0.428
0.0287
32.1
Pickup
6
1979
356
0.161
17.5
14.3
15.6
14.8
619.1
561.6
599.9
4173
266
122
15.6
0.464
0.0294
31.3
Pickup
6
1980
387
0.269
19.1
15.2
17.7
16.3
581.5
494.3
546.8
4027
271
121
15.6
0.451
0.0300
32.9
Pickup
6
1981
472
0.328
20.1
16.0
18.7
17.1
551.8
469.3
518.8
3934
274
120
15.4
0.444
0.0306
33.9
Pickup
6
1982
480
0.333
21.7
17.1
20.5
18.5
511.5
422.1
480.0
3578
236
113
16.3
0.502
0.0321
33.2
Pickup
6
1983
484
0.297
21.6
16.9
20.7
18.4
521.1
417.4
483.0
3653
228
112
15.2
0.516
0.0310
33.7
Pickup
6
1984
688
0.336
21.0
16.4
20.1
17.9
536.9
430.2
497.0
3676
227
110
15.3
0.510
0.0304
33.0
Pickup
6
1985
591
0.284
21.7
16.9
20.8
18.5
522.2
418.7
481.3
3588
228
117
14.4
0.535
0.0327
33.1
Pickup
6
1986
601
0.237
21.1
16.5
19.9
17.9
535.2
440.7
496.3
3705
228
129
13.1
0.604
0.0354
33.2
Pickup
6
1987
632
0.294
21.4
16.5
20.4
18.1
534.3
427.3
490.0
3647
222
136
12.8
0.638
0.0378
33.0
Pickup
6
1988
746
0.304
21.4
16.4
20.5
18.1
540.7
427.4
491.6
3695
229
142
12.5
0.644
0.0388
33.4
Pickup
6
1989
732
0.328
20.9
16.0
19.8
17.6
552.4
439.8
505.3
3869
240
145
12.1
0.627
0.0378
34.1
Pickup
6
1990
593
0.323
21.0
15.9
20.1
17.7
556.0
436.9
503.3
3959
240
147
11.4
0.637
0.0376
35.0
Pickup
6
1991
769
0.400
21.9
16.3
21.0
18.3
541.6
416.5
485.5
3807
237
147
11.2
0.641
0.0390
34.8
Pickup
6
1992
792
0.430
21.2
15.7
20.4
17.7
561.5
429.3
502.2
3950
243
146
11.2
0.622
0.0375
35.0
Pickup
6
1993
916
0.458
21.3
15.7
20.4
17.8
561.2
429.0
500.6
3944
239
150
10.4
0.645
0.0384
35.0
Pickup
6
1994
1057
0.396
21.3
15.6
20.3
17.7
565.3
434.4
502.9
3984
245
162
10.0
0.675
0.0410
35.2
Pickup
6
1995
679
0.299
20.8
15.1
19.9
17.2
585.3
443.3
516.4
4123
256
161
10.3
0.645
0.0396
35.4
Pickup
6
1996
629
0.321
21.0
15.3
19.9
17.3
576.5
442.2
512.3
4104
249
168
10.6
0.688
0.0412
35.7
Pickup
6
1997
674
0.280
21.5
15.4
20.3
17.6
574.6
436.3
503.7
4100
247
186
9.9
0.753
0.0453
36.2
Pickup
6
1998
729
0.302
21.3
15.2
19.9
17.4
581.9
444.5
510.4
4064
238
180
10.4
0.760
0.0443
35.4
Pickup
6
1999
794
0.312
20.9
14.9
19.4
17.0
594.4
455.5
521.5
4045
230
174
10.6
0.763
0.0430
34.5
Pickup
6
2000
921
0.353
20.9
14.9
19.3
17.0
593.9
459.4
522.6
4080
228
175
10.2
0.774
0.0430
34.7
Pickup
6
2001
854
0.339
20.7
14.7
19.0
16.8
602.1
467.1
529.8
4127
232
184
9.8
0.798
0.0447
34.6
Pickup
6
2002
842
0.354
20.6
14.6
18.7
16.6
606.3
473.9
535.3
4192
232
186
9.9
0.806
0.0444
34.8
Pickup
6
2003
852
0.344
20.9
14.7
18.9
16.8
604.3
467.3
529.6
4251
233
187
9.9
0.807
0.0441
35.7
Pickup
6
2004
595
0.238
20.8
14.5
18.9
16.7
610.8
468.6
532.0
4256
227
192
9.7
0.849
0.0452
35.6
Pickup
6
2005
529
0.230
21.1
14.5
19.2
16.9
609.0
460.8
526.3
4398
239
215
9.2
0.901
0.0492
37.1
Pickup
6
2006
595
0.272
21.4
14.8
19.5
17.1
600.4
455.5
519.2
4450
237
221
9.1
0.937
0.0499
38.1
Pickup
6
2007
506
0.239
21.4
14.8
19.5
17.1
599.6
455.4
518.6
4513
239
219
9.4
0.923
0.0489
38.7
Pickup
6
2008
434
0.242
21.4
14.8
19.5
17.1
598.9
455.8
518.6
4527
59.3
239
220
9.4
0.928
0.0490
38.8
Pickup
6
2009
181
0.182
22.0
15.2
19.8
17.5
583.5
447.0
507.1
4479
56.9
243
226
9.0
0.939
0.0510
39.3
Pickup
6
2010
210
0.164
21.8
15.1
19.8
17.4
588.0
447.4
509.3
4490
55.8
242
231
8.9
0.958
0.0517
39.2
Pickup
6
2011
438
0.296
22.3
15.4
20.4
17.9
577.8
434.0
496.9
4930
61.5
233
269
8.5
1.173
0.0542
44.3
Pickup
6
2012
395
0.292
22.4
15.4
20.5
18.0
575.5
432.2
494.9
5125
62.0
231
287
8.2
1.266
0.0558
46.0
Pickup
6
2013
552
0.350
22.9
15.7
21.1
18.3
566.1
420.6
484.5
5260
63.2
227
300
8.1
1.344
0.0567
48.2
Pickup
6
2014
620
0.321
23.6
16.1
21.7
18.9
549.9
407.9
471.0
5227
63.7
233
295
8.0
1.288
0.0565
49.4
Pickup
6
2015
713
0.399
24.7
16.9
22.4
19.7
527.3
397.0
454.7
4833
63.1
219
295
7.8
1.385
0.0612
47.8
Pickup
6
2016
875
0.459
25.3
17.2
22.9
20.1
515.4
388.1
444.5
4818
62.5
211
303
7.6
1.464
0.0631
48.5
Pickup
6
2017
864
0.421
25.6
17.5
23.1
20.3
507.9
383.1
438.4
4791
62.0
211
305
7.4
1.466
0.0637
48.8
Pickup
6
2018
-
0.513
25.6
17.4
23.1
20.3
510.0
383.7
440.6
4862
63.0
210
322
7.1
1.578
0.0663
49.5
Pickup
8
1975
982
0.732
12.6
10.0
11.8
10.8
871.4
724.7
826.2
4274
353
158
0.446
0.0373
23.3
Pickup
8
1976
1367
0.732
13.2
10.6
12.0
11.2
824.7
717.9
791.4
4360
359
155
0.430
0.0358
24.6
Pickup
8
1977
1466
0.723
14.4
11.7
12.9
12.2
749.1
668.2
727.9
4366
360
164
0.457
0.0378
26.9
Pickup
8
1978
1582
0.698
14.0
11.5
12.5
11.9
764.6
690.8
747.9
4386
353
162
12.7
0.460
0.0373
26.4
Pickup
8
1979
1393
0.631
13.6
11.3
12.1
11.6
778.2
717.8
768.4
4566
347
156
14.3
0.449
0.0344
27.0
Pickup
8
1980
500
0.348
15.9
12.8
14.6
13.6
691.9
603.1
662.2
4533
332
150
14.8
0.453
0.0333
31.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-45 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
6
1975
3.3%
96.7%
16.3%
83.7%
100.0%
Pickup
6
1976
5.3%
94.7%
35.3%
64.7%
100.0%
Pickup
6
1977
10.8%
89.2%
29.6%
70.4%
100.0%
Pickup
6
1978
11.4%
88.6%
30.9%
69.1%
99.7%
0.3%
Pickup
6
1979
11.7%
88.3%
61.4%
36.2%
2.4%
99.2%
0.8%
Pickup
6
1980
12.6%
87.4%
65.4%
15.1%
19.5%
99.8%
0.2%
Pickup
6
1981
10.2%
89.8%
61.1%
17.0%
21.9%
100.0%
Pickup
6
1982
8.9%
91.1%
56.6%
13.2%
30.2%
100.0%
Pickup
6
1983
23.5%
76.5%
53.0%
14.4%
32.1%
0.6%
100.0%
Pickup
6
1984
25.8%
74.2%
49.8%
19.7%
30.5%
100.0%
Pickup
6
1985
26.8%
73.2%
52.4%
14.2%
33.5%
98.9%
1.1%
Pickup
6
1986
30.7%
69.3%
53.0%
16.1%
30.9%
49.9%
23.3%
26.8%
Pickup
6
1987
33.1%
66.9%
46.1%
8.3%
45.7%
18.5%
50.4%
31.2%
Pickup
6
1988
34.3%
65.7%
49.8%
8.2%
42.0%
53.9%
46.1%
Pickup
6
1989
33.6%
66.4%
51.5%
4.7%
43.8%
52.7%
47.3%
Pickup
6
1990
30.0%
70.0%
46.3%
3.3%
50.3%
62.2%
37.8%
Pickup
6
1991
25.8%
74.2%
51.7%
0.0%
48.3%
43.6%
56.4%
Pickup
6
1992
23.2%
76.8%
48.6%
51.4%
56.4%
43.6%
Pickup
6
1993
24.2%
75.8%
45.3%
54.7%
58.5%
41.5%
Pickup
6
1994
27.0%
73.0%
39.0%
61.0%
71.1%
28.9%
5.4%
Pickup
6
1995
28.1%
71.9%
42.7%
57.3%
69.6%
30.4%
1.4%
Pickup
6
1996
27.2%
72.8%
33.5%
66.5%
100.0%
10.1%
Pickup
6
1997
21.5%
78.5%
27.8%
72.2%
100.0%
4.2%
Pickup
6
1998
28.7%
71.3%
28.0%
72.0%
100.0%
7.1%
Pickup
6
1999
33.0%
67.0%
23.9%
76.1%
100.0%
7.6%
Pickup
6
2000
31.4%
68.6%
21.7%
78.3%
100.0%
7.0%
Pickup
6
2001
28.2%
71.8%
16.4%
83.6%
100.0%
11.6%
Pickup
6
2002
32.5%
67.5%
15.1%
84.9%
100.0%
19.8%
Pickup
6
2003
30.5%
69.5%
15.0%
85.0%
100.0%
13.9%
Pickup
6
2004
34.0%
66.0%
15.6%
84.4%
100.0%
17.9%
Pickup
6
2005
30.2%
69.8%
12.4%
87.6%
100.0%
34.1%
34.1%
Pickup
6
2006
36.5%
63.5%
10.8%
89.2%
100.0%
50.4%
50.4%
Pickup
6
2007
34.9%
65.1%
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
45.5%
38.7%
Pickup
6
2008
34.9%
65.1%
7.3%
92.7%
100.0%
45.6%
19.5%
Pickup
6
2009
48.1%
51.9%
4.7%
95.3%
100.0%
61.5%
18.2%
Pickup
6
2010
50.9%
49.1%
4.1%
95.9%
100.0%
64.7%
64.7%
Pickup
6
2011
53.0%
47.0%
2.7%
97.3%
25.8%
74.2%
74.4%
74.4%
Pickup
6
2012
59.0%
41.0%
1.9%
98.1%
35.4%
64.6%
91.2%
91.2%
Pickup
6
2013
61.3%
38.7%
1.3%
98.7%
43.7%
56.3%
94.1%
94.1%
Pickup
6
2014
57.2%
42.8%
0.8%
99.2%
50.8%
49.2%
77.9%
97.7%
Pickup
6
2015
63.1%
36.9%
1.1%
98.9%
57.9%
37.6%
4.5%
87.4%
95.5%
Pickup
6
2016
63.2%
36.8%
0.8%
99.2%
56.9%
39.7%
3.4%
92.9%
96.6%
Pickup
6
2017
1.2%
66.7%
32.1%
1.3%
98.7%
50.9%
47.5%
1.6%
93.8%
98.4%
Pickup
6
2018
0.7%
67.6%
31.8%
0.6%
99.4%
23.4%
73.0%
3.6%
94.4%
96.4%
Pickup
8
1975
18.0%
82.0%
35.4%
64.6%
100.0%
Pickup
8
1976
27.5%
72.5%
32.4%
67.6%
100.0%
Pickup
8
1977
27.7%
72.3%
27.3%
72.7%
100.0%
Pickup
8
1978
34.7%
65.3%
27.9%
72.1%
98.4%
1.6%
Pickup
8
1979
10.2%
89.8%
18.6%
80.0%
1.5%
96.3%
3.7%
Pickup
8
1980
28.5%
71.5%
19.5%
32.6%
47.9%
90.4%
9.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-46 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Pickup
8
1981
470
0.326
17.4
13.8
16.1
14.8
640.9
544.9
605.4
4311
312
143
14.7
0.461
0.0334
32.2
Pickup
8
1982
476
0.331
17.8
14.2
16.5
15.1
631.8
536.5
598.2
4437
318
150
15.4
0.475
0.0341
34.4
Pickup
8
1983
437
0.269
17.2
13.6
16.1
14.7
647.3
542.7
610.6
4430
317
152
13.9
0.483
0.0346
33.3
Pickup
8
1984
561
0.275
16.9
13.3
15.9
14.4
663.5
552.5
621.7
4463
316
154
13.8
0.489
0.0347
32.6
Pickup
8
1985
668
0.321
16.7
13.2
15.6
14.2
668.6
560.0
626.8
4437
315
159
13.4
0.506
0.0361
31.9
Pickup
8
1986
675
0.267
17.4
13.6
16.3
14.7
648.2
537.5
603.6
4424
311
157
12.8
0.503
0.0356
32.8
Pickup
8
1987
451
0.210
17.0
13.2
15.9
14.4
669.2
550.4
619.7
4482
320
170
12.5
0.527
0.0379
32.3
Pickup
8
1988
800
0.325
17.5
13.4
16.7
14.8
662.2
526.8
602.8
4537
329
180
12.2
0.544
0.0397
33.6
Pickup
8
1989
726
0.326
17.5
13.3
16.8
14.7
668.0
525.0
603.9
4502
330
184
11.5
0.556
0.0411
33.3
Pickup
8
1990
688
0.375
17.3
13.0
16.8
14.5
681.5
524.9
611.2
4572
335
189
10.7
0.561
0.0414
33.4
Pickup
8
1991
520
0.271
17.3
12.9
16.8
14.5
687.2
526.7
612.1
4542
331
190
10.7
0.573
0.0420
33.1
Pickup
8
1992
577
0.313
17.4
12.9
17.0
14.6
688.0
521.9
608.6
4653
330
190
10.6
0.573
0.0410
34.0
Pickup
8
1993
608
0.304
17.7
13.0
17.2
14.8
680.6
513.4
599.6
4691
331
200
9.6
0.606
0.0429
34.8
Pickup
8
1994
906
0.339
17.6
12.9
16.9
14.7
685.9
523.1
605.9
4706
334
205
9.4
0.615
0.0437
34.5
Pickup
8
1995
939
0.414
17.3
12.6
16.6
14.4
700.9
532.4
617.1
4752
333
201
9.8
0.606
0.0425
34.3
Pickup
8
1996
771
0.394
17.7
12.8
17.0
14.6
692.8
520.9
607.3
4815
332
226
9.6
0.680
0.0470
35.3
Pickup
8
1997
1269
0.527
18.3
13.1
17.6
15.1
674.5
504.4
588.2
4933
318
229
9.7
0.721
0.0465
37.3
Pickup
8
1998
1070
0.443
18.0
12.8
17.3
14.8
691.5
510.4
598.8
4902
323
232
9.8
0.723
0.0477
36.4
Pickup
8
1999
1359
0.534
18.1
12.9
17.1
14.9
682.0
517.6
597.5
5043
324
245
9.7
0.758
0.0490
37.5
Pickup
8
2000
1254
0.480
18.8
13.4
17.5
15.3
660.2
507.4
580.0
4835
313
249
8.9
0.798
0.0517
37.1
Pickup
8
2001
1388
0.551
18.2
12.9
17.0
14.8
685.2
520.4
599.1
5022
316
252
8.9
0.801
0.0503
37.4
Pickup
8
2002
1372
0.576
18.3
12.9
16.9
14.8
685.7
523.6
598.8
5137
310
261
9.0
0.843
0.0511
38.2
Pickup
8
2003
1333
0.539
18.5
13.0
16.9
14.9
680.7
524.0
595.6
5133
311
265
CO
CO
0.855
0.0518
38.3
Pickup
8
2004
1657
0.661
18.5
13.0
16.9
14.9
682.3
523.3
594.5
5364
317
280
CO
CO
0.881
0.0524
40.1
Pickup
8
2005
1509
0.656
18.7
12.9
17.2
15.1
684.5
515.5
589.9
5370
316
287
8.6
0.906
0.0536
40.5
Pickup
8
2006
1349
0.617
19.0
13.1
17.3
15.2
674.4
510.9
583.1
5390
314
284
8.7
0.904
0.0529
41.1
Pickup
8
2007
1419
0.672
19.2
13.3
17.8
15.5
668.8
497.3
572.9
5544
318
299
8.6
0.937
0.0539
43.1
Pickup
8
2008
1178
0.657
19.6
13.4
18.2
15.8
655.5
483.2
561.8
5601
66.6
321
313
8.5
0.974
0.0559
44.6
Pickup
8
2009
694
0.702
20.1
13.7
18.8
16.2
645.8
470.6
547.2
5581
66.1
318
308
8.2
0.971
0.0553
45.4
Pickup
8
2010
960
0.752
20.3
13.9
19.0
16.4
639.8
465.9
542.6
5654
66.7
318
315
8.1
0.990
0.0557
46.4
Pickup
8
2011
923
0.624
20.4
14.0
19.3
16.6
634.6
457.9
536.5
5617
66.9
321
338
7.7
1.054
0.0602
46.7
Pickup
8
2012
853
0.628
20.4
13.9
19.3
16.6
635.4
457.4
536.5
5602
67.1
324
346
7.6
1.068
0.0619
46.6
Pickup
8
2013
958
0.607
20.7
14.1
19.6
16.8
626.6
450.6
528.5
5633
67.4
322
356
7.4
1.109
0.0633
47.5
Pickup
8
2014
1252
0.649
21.7
14.8
20.4
17.5
597.1
431.8
506.6
5684
68.1
328
361
7.3
1.103
0.0636
50.1
Pickup
8
2015
993
0.556
22.4
15.2
21.1
18.1
582.0
418.3
491.5
5495
67.7
328
358
7.2
1.092
0.0653
49.9
Pickup
8
2016
933
0.489
22.0
14.9
20.6
17.7
593.0
428.1
501.8
5560
67.4
329
360
7.1
1.098
0.0651
49.5
Pickup
8
2017
1097
0.534
22.1
15.0
20.7
17.8
591.5
426.2
499.7
5634
67.7
332
369
7.1
1.111
0.0657
50.3
Pickup
8
2018
-
0.445
22.5
15.3
20.9
18.1
578.5
421.6
491.7
5642
67.6
330
375
6.9
1.138
0.0669
51.1
Pickup
Other
1975
Pickup
Other
1976
Pickup
Other
1977
Pickup
Other
1978
Pickup
Other
1979
Pickup
Other
1980
Pickup
Other
1981
Pickup
Other
1982
Pickup
Other
1983
Pickup
Other
1984
Pickup
Other
1985
Pickup
Other
1986
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-47 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
8
1981
17.0%
83.0%
16.8%
20.9%
62.2%
95.5%
4.5%
Pickup
8
1982
20.7%
79.3%
13.7%
29.8%
56.5%
84.6%
15.4%
Pickup
8
1983
25.6%
74.4%
11.5%
21.1%
66.5%
0.9%
92.9%
7.1%
Pickup
8
1984
29.1%
70.9%
12.8%
21.5%
65.7%
96.1%
3.9%
Pickup
8
1985
27.8%
72.2%
10.3%
25.3%
64.4%
85.1%
13.1%
1.8%
Pickup
8
1986
30.2%
69.8%
11.9%
16.2%
72.0%
66.8%
32.2%
1.0%
Pickup
8
1987
0.1%
34.1%
65.8%
14.4%
30.8%
54.8%
24.1%
30.0%
45.3%
0.6%
Pickup
8
1988
0.0%
38.1%
61.9%
13.4%
17.2%
69.4%
0.6%
27.4%
71.4%
0.6%
Pickup
8
1989
38.8%
61.2%
18.8%
9.1%
72.1%
29.3%
70.2%
0.5%
Pickup
8
1990
38.0%
62.0%
14.0%
7.0%
79.1%
30.2%
69.3%
0.5%
Pickup
8
1991
38.5%
61.5%
12.7%
2.0%
85.3%
30.8%
68.7%
0.6%
Pickup
8
1992
40.7%
59.3%
12.5%
0.2%
87.4%
44.2%
55.4%
0.4%
Pickup
8
1993
0.0%
43.0%
57.0%
8.1%
91.9%
45.1%
54.9%
Pickup
8
1994
45.4%
54.6%
6.1%
93.9%
46.3%
53.7%
Pickup
8
1995
48.9%
51.1%
9.4%
90.6%
50.1%
49.9%
Pickup
8
1996
45.0%
55.0%
5.3%
94.7%
0.1%
99.5%
0.5%
Pickup
8
1997
52.2%
47.8%
4.6%
95.4%
99.9%
0.1%
Pickup
8
1998
52.6%
47.4%
4.1%
95.9%
99.9%
0.1%
Pickup
8
1999
62.5%
37.5%
2.4%
97.6%
100.0%
0.0%
Pickup
8
2000
54.1%
45.9%
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
9.2%
Pickup
8
2001
51.2%
48.8%
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
5.3%
Pickup
8
2002
52.0%
48.0%
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
6.6%
Pickup
8
2003
51.5%
48.5%
1.2%
98.8%
100.0%
6.4%
Pickup
8
2004
54.2%
45.8%
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
27.3%
21.6%
0.0%
Pickup
8
2005
54.7%
45.3%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
33.3%
33.3%
0.1%
Pickup
8
2006
53.4%
46.6%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
39.4%
39.4%
0.2%
Pickup
8
2007
52.7%
47.3%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
33.6%
32.5%
0.0%
Pickup
8
2008
56.0%
44.0%
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
35.1%
35.0%
Pickup
8
2009
56.0%
44.0%
99.7%
0.3%
100.0%
27.9%
31.3%
0.3%
Pickup
8
2010
62.3%
37.7%
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
54.4%
61.2%
0.1%
Pickup
8
2011
68.6%
31.4%
99.8%
0.2%
100.0%
32.2%
95.0%
0.2%
Pickup
8
2012
67.5%
32.5%
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
33.6%
95.6%
0.1%
Pickup
8
2013
67.3%
32.7%
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
40.6%
97.6%
0.1%
Pickup
8
2014
70.8%
29.2%
100.0%
44.2%
55.8%
32.1%
100.0%
Pickup
8
2015
73.8%
26.2%
100.0%
55.4%
44.6%
25.5%
85.9%
Pickup
8
2016
75.2%
24.8%
100.0%
44.3%
55.7%
29.9%
83.2%
0.1%
Pickup
8
2017
75.8%
24.2%
100.0%
52.4%
47.6%
27.7%
88.1%
0.2%
Pickup
8
2018
71.6%
28.4%
100.0%
62.1%
37.9%
33.4%
83.7%
0.4%
Pickup
Other
1975
Pickup
Other
1976
Pickup
Other
1977
Pickup
Other
1978
Pickup
Other
1979
Pickup
Other
1980
Pickup
Other
1981
Pickup
Other
1982
Pickup
Other
1983
Pickup
Other
1984
Pickup
Other
1985
Pickup
Other
1986
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 H-48 March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Vehicle
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Cu-Ft-
Cu-Ft-Ton-
Type
Cylinders
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
HP/WT
Ton-MPG
MPG
MPG
Pickup
Other
1987
Pickup
Other
1988
Pickup
Other
1989
Pickup
Other
1990
Pickup
Other
1991
Pickup
Other
1992
Pickup
Other
1993
Pickup
Other
1994
Pickup
Other
1995
Pickup
Other
1996
Pickup
Other
1997
Pickup
Other
1998
Pickup
Other
1999
Pickup
Other
2000
Pickup
Other
2001
Pickup
Other
2002
Pickup
Other
2003
Pickup
Other
2004
3
0.001
13.0
8.6
13.6
10.8
1035.6
652.7
819.7
5135
505
500
5.2
0.990
0.0975
27.8
Pickup
Other
2005
5
0.002
12.3
8.4
12.1
10.2
1060.2
726.8
873.2
5825
505
500
6.0
0.990
0.0860
29.7
Pickup
Other
2006
2
0.001
12.3
8.4
12.1
10.2
1061.8
728.8
874.9
5833
505
500
6.0
0.990
0.0859
29.6
Pickup
Other
2007
Pickup
Other
2008
Pickup
Other
2009
Pickup
Other
2010
Pickup
Other
2011
Pickup
Other
2012
Pickup
Other
2013
Pickup
Other
2014
Pickup
Other
2015
Pickup
Other
2016
Pickup
Other
2017
Pickup
Other
2018
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
H-49
March 2019
-------
4vEPA
Environmental Protection
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table H: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Vehicle
Type
Cylinders
Model
Year
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Front
4WD
Rear
Manual
Automatic
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Pickup
Other
1987
Pickup
Other
1988
Pickup
Other
1989
Pickup
Other
1990
Pickup
Other
1991
Pickup
Other
1992
Pickup
Other
1993
Pickup
Other
1994
Pickup
Other
1995
Pickup
Other
1996
Pickup
Other
1997
Pickup
Other
1998
Pickup
Other
1999
Pickup
Other
2000
Pickup
Other
2001
Pickup
Other
2002
Pickup
Other
2003
Pickup
Other
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Other
2005
100.0%
35.0%
65.0%
100.0%
Pickup
Other
2006
100.0%
33.4%
66.6%
100.0%
Pickup
Other
2007
Pickup
Other
2008
Pickup
Other
2009
Pickup
Other
2010
Pickup
Other
2011
Pickup
Other
2012
Pickup
Other
2013
Pickup
Other
2014
Pickup
Other
2015
Pickup
Other
2016
Pickup
Other
2017
Pickup
Other
2018
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
H-50
March 2019
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1986
3625
0.402
29.7
22.8
29.0
25.2
364.8
294.8
352.3
2879
105.9
163
96
14.1
0.650
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1987
2039
0.229
29.1
22.2
28.2
24.7
373.2
302.4
360.5
2929
106.8
168
99
14.4
0.656
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1988
861
0.092
31.0
23.6
29.7
26.1
337.8
283.9
340.3
2907
107.6
163
92
15.1
0.655
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1989
422
0.049
32.2
24.4
30.5
27.0
338.1
280.5
329.3
2840
106.0
139
84
15.2
0.686
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1990
33
0.014
22.8
16.5
23.2
19.2
537.2
382.6
462.9
4500
149.1
305
140
12.2
0.459
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1991
1
0.005
33.9
26.3
30.0
28.0
337.5
295.7
317.3
2045
86.4
72
57
15.3
0.786
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1992
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1993
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1994
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1995
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1996
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1997
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1998
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1986
180
0.012
32.3
24.8
31.3
27.4
356.5
282.7
323.9
2707
100.9
118
98
12.7
0.835
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1987
832
0.056
34.9
27.4
32.3
29.4
319.9
271.8
301.9
2491
93.5
98
76
15.5
0.766
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1988
885
0.058
34.0
26.5
31.4
28.6
332.4
280.4
311.0
2549
96.0
100
84
14.7
0.834
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1989
552
0.038
34.0
26.2
31.4
28.4
336.0
280.4
312.5
2598
95.5
102
90
13.6
0.885
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1990
89
0.007
36.2
28.0
32.6
30.1
314.8
271.0
295.7
2399
90.0
90
79
13.3
0.878
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1991
3
0.000
41.0
31.9
35.8
33.7
278.6
247.8
263.6
2088
88.6
73
66
13.5
0.904
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1992
1
0.000
41.0
31.6
35.7
33.5
280.8
248.9
265.0
2087
88.6
73
66
13.2
0.904
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1993
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1994
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1995
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1996
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1997
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-1 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1998
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
Sedan/Wagon
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1986
3132
0.257
28.5
21.7
27.9
24.2
404.2
314.2
367.4
2999
108.8
158
98
14.3
0.637
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1987
3274
0.314
29.3
22.2
28.7
24.8
394.5
306.3
358.0
2920
107.4
148
97
14.3
0.671
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1988
3027
0.330
30.7
23.2
29.7
25.9
375.8
295.2
343.6
2840
107.0
141
97
14.4
0.709
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1989
2345
0.308
29.7
22.1
29.2
25.0
389.9
299.4
355.5
2954
107.9
157
105
13.5
0.699
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1990
1477
0.240
30.5
22.6
29.8
25.5
385.1
293.9
348.0
2925
105.5
145
101
12.9
0.717
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1991
1446
0.254
29.5
21.5
29.2
24.7
397.2
297.7
360.5
3032
106.8
164
109
12.7
0.698
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1992
688
0.165
29.5
21.6
28.6
24.6
379.7
297.7
361.6
3099
109.6
180
112
12.5
0.682
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1993
579
0.136
30.6
22.3
29.4
25.4
367.9
288.9
350.4
3037
110.0
166
105
11.9
0.690
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1994
431
0.121
34.2
25.1
31.6
28.0
334.1
269.1
317.1
2622
100.4
118
84
12.6
0.741
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1995
109
0.084
38.9
28.8
34.4
31.4
290.6
246.5
282.7
2365
102.6
93
74
13.5
0.831
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1996
86
0.007
42.5
31.4
36.7
34.0
274.7
236.2
261.7
2144
100.0
86
66
14.3
0.778
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1997
67
0.005
40.3
29.6
34.8
32.1
293.3
250.3
276.6
2202
90.5
76
67
14.6
0.889
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1998
12
0.001
53.6
38.1
46.1
42.0
233.3
192.7
211.7
2000
89.7
60
55
15.3
0.917
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
8
0.001
50.3
35.4
43.5
39.3
251.2
204.1
225.9
2000
88.0
61
55
15.2
0.902
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
5
0.000
50.8
35.8
43.0
39.4
248.4
206.8
225.7
2000
88.0
61
55
14.6
0.902
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-3 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/CID
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1986
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1987
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1988
195
0.013
38.1
29.9
34.6
31.9
295.1
255.8
278.3
2379
94.5
91
71
15.6
0.775
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1989
445
0.031
35.2
27.2
32.4
29.4
325.2
272.2
301.9
2475
98.7
95
91
13.0
0.961
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1990
382
0.030
36.5
28.0
33.1
30.3
315.3
267.4
293.5
2513
97.7
94
91
12.2
0.971
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1991
416
0.033
35.4
27.1
32.0
29.3
324.9
276.2
303.5
2591
95.1
94
97
12.2
1.031
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1992
155
0.013
32.6
24.5
30.0
26.9
360.4
294.6
329.8
2746
93.1
98
102
12.0
1.039
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1993
135
0.010
32.3
24.0
29.7
26.6
363.4
295.3
334.4
2776
99.3
103
111
10.8
1.062
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1994
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1995
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1996
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1997
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1998
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1999
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2000
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2001
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2002
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2003
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2004
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2005
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2006
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2007
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2008
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2009
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2010
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2011
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2012
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2013
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2014
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2015
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2016
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2017
Sedan/Wagon
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2018
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1986
3698
0.303
25.6
19.2
25.9
21.8
452.8
337.9
408.2
3271
109.2
187
136
11.7
0.768
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1987
3815
0.349
25.2
18.8
25.7
21.5
465.4
340.2
414.2
3307
110.4
192
139
11.7
0.762
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1988
4713
0.437
26.0
19.2
26.4
22.0
456.1
332.2
404.0
3319
111.0
193
137
12.2
0.736
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-5 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1989
4804
0.473
26.1
19.1
26.4
22.0
455.8
332.3
403.6
3321
112.2
190
135
11.8
0.739
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1990
4388
0.514
25.9
18.8
26.4
21.8
462.2
332.5
406.9
3407
112.9
194
139
11.1
0.739
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1991
4162
0.508
26.3
19.0
26.6
22.1
456.3
328.2
402.6
3351
112.7
190
143
11.0
0.768
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1992
4574
0.596
26.4
18.8
26.9
22.1
462.6
326.1
401.8
3373
113.0
193
147
10.6
0.777
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1993
4773
0.625
27.2
19.3
27.4
22.7
450.1
320.2
391.8
3306
112.3
188
141
10.1
0.766
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1994
4533
0.610
26.8
18.9
27.1
22.3
461.2
323.8
398.4
3389
112.8
195
147
9.9
0.766
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1995
4377
0.560
27.0
18.8
27.5
22.5
459.8
318.6
395.5
3402
113.8
199
158
9.7
0.804
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1996
3273
0.599
27.0
18.8
27.3
22.4
464.5
321.7
396.7
3426
112.7
196
159
10.0
0.822
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1997
3374
0.599
27.4
19.0
27.5
22.6
459.2
319.5
392.9
3383
113.2
191
159
10.0
0.840
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1998
3051
0.589
27.1
18.6
27.2
22.3
470.5
323.9
398.3
3391
111.9
194
164
10.0
0.848
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
2941
0.565
27.1
18.5
26.9
22.2
472.8
327.7
400.3
3412
111.6
195
163
10.1
0.843
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
3155
0.550
27.3
18.6
27.0
22.3
471.5
327.3
398.0
3449
112.2
194
169
9.6
0.868
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
2691
0.506
27.6
18.6
27.1
22.4
471.0
325.3
396.0
3452
112.3
195
170
9.3
0.875
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
2464
0.465
28.2
18.9
27.3
22.8
463.7
321.9
389.7
3428
111.9
196
171
9.3
0.883
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
2015
0.441
27.3
18.1
26.7
22.1
486.0
330.4
402.0
3612
115.3
207
183
9.0
0.892
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
1669
0.374
26.9
17.7
26.4
21.8
496.9
333.8
407.9
3648
114.3
219
194
8.7
0.891
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
1621
0.336
27.1
17.8
26.3
21.8
494.8
335.4
407.5
3712
116.3
222
201
8.6
0.918
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
1298
0.264
26.4
17.3
25.9
21.3
508.6
339.0
416.5
3806
116.6
238
221
8.3
0.931
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
681
0.225
25.5
16.7
25.0
20.6
523.6
351.8
431.1
3794
112.5
237
216
8.6
0.922
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
455
0.188
24.6
16.0
24.5
20.0
548.9
358.5
444.9
3987
48.7
113.7
266
246
8.0
0.919
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
123
0.115
24.0
15.7
23.7
19.5
562.2
372.2
456.6
4011
48.8
108.5
292
276
7.3
0.960
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
138
0.077
24.2
15.9
23.9
19.6
556.3
370.5
452.6
4025
49.0
103.4
302
296
7.0
0.966
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
117
0.039
24.5
16.2
24.2
20.0
533.3
363.2
445.1
4059
49.3
108.8
300
308
7.3
1.008
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
62
0.019
25.9
17.4
25.4
21.2
481.4
340.6
419.9
3611
46.6
99.6
266
312
7.4
1.103
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
62
0.009
25.8
17.4
25.0
21.0
481.8
345.3
423.1
3568
46.5
96.8
266
322
7.3
1.132
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
58
0.005
29.2
20.1
27.1
23.6
421.3
319.6
376.6
3292
45.6
110.1
187
204
9.1
1.020
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
50
0.003
30.4
19.9
29.1
24.3
429.0
295.0
365.9
3278
45.7
110.0
189
202
9.1
1.008
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
2
0.000
21.0
14.0
21.1
17.3
632.8
420.8
512.3
4000
49.8
129.4
378
415
5.1
1.097
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
18
0.001
22.8
14.7
23.9
18.8
603.5
370.9
471.5
4390
52.0
119.0
388
458
4.9
1.180
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
-
0.001
23.1
14.8
24.2
19.0
598.1
366.8
466.7
4500
52.5
114.6
391
485
4.8
1.242
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1986
345
0.022
29.8
23.1
28.5
25.3
376.3
307.1
351.3
2833
90.5
119
125
11.3
1.048
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1987
744
0.050
30.3
23.2
29.1
25.6
375.2
300.7
346.8
2965
97.4
122
125
11.8
1.020
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1988
1055
0.069
28.9
21.9
28.0
24.4
399.0
312.9
364.3
3076
100.7
131
133
11.8
1.018
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1989
1446
0.100
28.5
21.4
27.7
24.0
409.6
317.7
370.6
3057
100.5
132
132
11.4
1.001
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1990
2384
0.189
28.9
21.7
27.6
24.2
403.5
319.2
367.6
3004
98.7
126
132
10.8
1.043
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1991
2277
0.181
29.2
21.8
27.6
24.3
399.8
318.0
365.6
2975
98.9
126
131
10.8
1.045
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1992
2315
0.190
29.3
21.6
28.1
24.4
399.8
311.3
364.7
3047
101.4
128
134
10.6
1.050
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1993
2567
0.194
29.3
21.4
28.2
24.3
402.8
309.1
365.4
3084
103.1
134
138
9.9
1.031
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1994
2775
0.219
29.0
20.9
27.9
24.0
412.0
312.7
371.1
3127
104.2
140
144
9.7
1.032
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1995
3981
0.295
29.4
20.9
28.5
24.2
414.1
306.5
367.0
3129
104.9
140
147
9.9
1.058
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1996
3602
0.324
28.9
20.4
28.2
23.8
425.7
311.1
373.8
3191
107.4
145
151
10.1
1.046
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1997
3947
0.331
29.0
20.3
28.3
23.8
427.8
310.8
373.2
3193
107.0
145
152
10.1
1.052
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1998
3428
0.308
29.5
20.5
28.5
24.1
423.8
307.7
369.3
3239
107.9
144
153
10.4
1.068
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
3983
0.326
28.8
19.9
27.9
23.5
438.1
315.0
378.3
3342
108.9
150
162
10.2
1.087
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
3812
0.298
28.3
19.4
27.2
23.0
450.4
323.6
387.1
3367
109.7
152
165
9.7
1.091
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-7 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
3309
0.296
27.9
19.0
26.8
22.6
460.3
329.1
393.0
3435
109.8
155
168
9.4
1.090
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
2993
0.280
27.5
18.7
26.1
22.2
469.0
337.3
400.9
3438
110.3
158
176
9.3
1.131
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
2604
0.251
28.2
19.1
26.5
22.6
458.4
331.5
392.7
3416
107.5
156
173
9.2
1.126
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
2515
0.239
28.2
18.9
26.7
22.6
462.5
328.3
392.9
3458
110.7
158
179
9.1
1.146
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
2231
0.204
28.2
18.8
26.5
22.5
464.6
331.3
394.6
3507
112.2
160
182
9.0
1.151
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
1803
0.179
27.9
18.6
26.1
22.2
470.4
335.6
399.5
3574
115.5
166
191
8.8
1.165
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
2123
0.200
29.2
19.4
27.4
23.3
447.2
318.6
381.8
3484
112.1
161
187
8.9
1.171
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
2100
0.221
29.8
19.8
27.9
23.7
438.4
314.0
374.7
3471
44.7
111.7
159
185
9.1
1.164
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
887
0.156
30.7
20.3
28.3
24.1
426.8
307.1
368.2
3402
44.4
110.2
154
179
9.0
1.161
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
377
0.078
30.1
20.0
28.1
23.9
428.6
308.6
371.1
3518
46.5
112.6
169
194
8.9
1.152
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
170
0.022
31.8
21.0
29.4
25.1
407.0
296.3
354.1
3391
45.0
111.5
166
200
8.7
1.196
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
23
0.004
32.5
22.1
28.2
25.2
395.7
311.8
353.0
3340
42.8
109.2
131
160
9.6
1.203
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
11
0.005
27.4
18.4
25.3
21.8
469.8
350.8
408.5
3706
47.4
39.6
218
348
8.0
1.412
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
17
0.005
27.0
17.7
26.3
21.7
498.0
337.0
409.1
4000
50.0
114.4
254
393
5.8
1.487
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
15
0.010
28.3
18.7
26.9
22.6
476.0
330.3
393.4
4101
51.5
122.0
214
287
6.8
1.344
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
6
0.009
26.5
17.8
25.8
21.6
499.4
344.8
411.5
4087
51.5
122.0
214
287
6.8
1.344
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.011
15.7
11.1
17.4
14.0
804.0
509.5
636.3
3500
47.8
59.4
354
816
3.1
2.355
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1986
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1987
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1988
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1989
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1990
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1991
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1992
5
0.000
18.2
13.3
18.0
15.3
665.9
493.3
580.8
4500
50.0
303
322
7.2
1.063
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1993
0
0.000
17.9
12.9
18.1
15.1
685.2
490.1
589.9
4000
82.3
329
345
5.7
1.049
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1994
0
0.000
16.6
11.0
19.8
14.2
804.3
449.6
625.4
4500
90.8
340
377
5.4
1.109
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1995
8
0.001
22.2
15.5
23.0
18.6
573.6
384.4
478.4
3581
57.7
229
275
6.2
1.209
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1996
8
0.001
21.0
14.6
21.5
17.5
601.3
408.3
506.7
3646
68.2
236
296
6.3
1.276
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1997
7
0.000
21.3
14.7
21.8
17.7
599.7
404.4
502.4
3597
65.1
231
292
6.3
1.282
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1998
4
0.000
21.4
14.8
21.6
17.7
598.5
408.4
501.1
3806
78.3
253
286
6.7
1.152
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
3
0.000
22.0
15.0
22.7
18.3
590.1
389.8
486.3
4153
118.0
266
304
7.2
1.149
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
38
0.002
25.6
17.4
24.9
20.8
510.1
354.9
426.7
3455
101.8
173
177
8.6
1.023
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
33
0.002
56.3
39.8
43.4
41.8
223.1
204.8
212.8
3000
101.5
82
85
12.3
1.037
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
23
0.001
56.2
39.3
43.2
41.4
226.1
205.7
214.6
3000
101.5
82
85
11.9
1.037
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
98
0.006
40.2
27.5
33.7
30.7
310.4
258.1
289.2
3000
112.5
102
118
10.1
1.146
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
190
0.017
30.8
20.5
28.4
24.4
389.5
297.7
364.6
3506
113.4
183
197
8.8
1.113
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
545
0.057
29.4
19.2
28.3
23.5
443.3
309.2
377.7
3786
116.2
205
200
8.8
0.995
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
438
0.048
29.0
18.8
28.6
23.3
452.1
305.2
380.8
3908
46.7
116.7
207
207
8.7
1.017
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
327
0.047
28.1
18.2
27.7
22.6
466.0
314.4
392.6
3988
47.6
117.5
225
227
8.3
1.019
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
296
0.068
30.0
19.5
29.2
24.1
410.7
293.4
369.0
3880
47.1
115.9
227
233
8.2
1.044
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
255
0.096
28.4
18.5
27.6
22.7
462.0
318.0
390.7
4016
48.0
121.2
230
228
8.4
0.994
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
70
0.061
27.9
18.2
27.1
22.4
401.6
305.5
397.1
4047
49.5
110.9
287
304
7.1
1.088
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-9 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Model
Year
Prod
(000)
Frac
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Vol
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/CID
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
85
0.060
26.8
17.4
26.4
21.6
431.8
317.8
411.4
4127
50.0
112.0
300
320
6.9
1.089
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
81
0.053
24.8
16.1
25.1
20.2
502.1
343.2
439.8
4291
51.2
113.3
331
353
6.4
1.076
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
74
0.018
24.4
15.8
24.7
19.9
521.8
350.0
446.1
4343
51.4
111.7
348
410
5.6
1.175
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
73
0.020
23.1
15.0
24.0
19.1
589.3
368.6
466.4
4501
52.5
114.5
368
468
5.0
1.265
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
32
0.020
23.9
15.4
24.8
19.7
572.2
356.7
452.1
4489
52.5
114.5
356
420
5.3
1.172
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
-
0.011
23.2
15.2
24.0
19.2
582.7
368.4
463.0
4505
52.8
116.4
355
452
5.2
1.259
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1986
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1987
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1988
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1989
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1990
54
0.004
23.0
17.1
22.6
19.3
520.0
393.7
459.8
4000
111.9
249
252
8.0
1.013
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1991
208
0.017
30.2
22.2
29.4
25.2
378.8
287.8
352.2
3142
99.7
145
157
10.3
1.104
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1992
366
0.030
28.5
20.8
27.7
23.8
402.7
304.8
374.2
3256
99.7
150
167
9.7
1.133
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1993
402
0.030
29.2
21.2
28.1
24.2
401.2
304.8
367.3
3213
96.8
140
161
9.2
1.168
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1994
675
0.048
30.2
21.8
29.0
24.9
396.0
299.7
356.4
3216
98.8
132
150
9.5
1.154
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1995
914
0.060
29.7
21.2
28.5
24.4
408.7
305.5
363.9
3276
102.3
142
159
9.4
1.136
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1996
913
0.069
29.8
21.1
28.7
24.5
410.7
304.0
362.9
3222
103.3
141
155
9.9
1.114
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1997
934
0.065
29.2
20.6
28.1
23.9
419.2
309.4
371.5
3295
101.1
149
167
9.6
1.137
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1998
1461
0.101
29.3
20.5
28.2
24.0
424.9
310.5
371.0
3294
103.8
147
164
9.9
1.123
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1999
1428
0.108
28.6
19.8
27.5
23.3
440.9
318.8
382.0
3336
104.8
151
172
9.7
1.136
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2000
2132
0.150
29.1
20.1
27.8
23.6
430.7
314.1
376.1
3262
105.8
148
173
9.1
1.171
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2001
2344
0.193
30.3
20.8
28.4
24.4
408.9
304.2
364.2
3220
105.2
143
168
9.2
1.168
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2002
2811
0.253
30.3
20.7
28.3
24.3
416.9
308.3
365.7
3312
108.1
148
172
9.3
1.159
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2003
3240
0.304
30.6
20.6
28.7
24.4
419.7
305.0
363.5
3303
107.9
149
176
9.0
1.179
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2004
3307
0.384
30.4
20.3
28.4
24.2
421.5
307.1
367.3
3374
108.3
151
181
9.0
1.187
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2005
4040
0.451
31.1
20.7
28.7
24.6
408.9
302.2
360.6
3349
108.9
149
177
9.0
1.174
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2006
4651
0.537
30.5
20.3
28.4
24.2
420.9
306.1
366.6
3444
108.5
156
188
8.8
1.203
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2007
4703
0.515
31.9
21.2
29.3
25.2
398.1
296.2
352.8
3445
108.4
153
185
8.8
1.200
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2008
4089
0.519
32.2
21.4
29.6
25.4
392.6
293.4
349.9
3446
44.9
108.1
152
187
8.9
1.211
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2009
4004
0.635
33.4
22.2
30.5
26.3
386.0
286.4
338.3
3391
44.7
109.9
145
174
9.0
1.192
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2010
4789
0.687
34.4
22.9
31.2
27.0
365.8
278.1
328.8
3390
44.8
110.5
145
174
9.0
1.190
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2011
4178
0.679
33.9
22.4
30.7
26.5
379.7
283.8
335.7
3462
45.3
110.5
150
183
8.8
1.219
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2012
5219
0.677
36.1
23.8
32.4
28.0
355.8
269.9
317.2
3399
45.2
110.8
143
175
8.9
1.219
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2013
4949
0.605
37.7
24.9
33.5
29.2
338.2
260.1
304.6
3372
45.1
109.8
139
175
8.8
1.260
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2014
4142
0.545
38.3
25.1
33.7
29.4
334.8
259.1
302.4
3398
45.4
110.8
140
176
8.8
1.253
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2015
4229
0.533
39.3
25.7
34.6
30.1
327.7
252.7
295.1
3374
45.5
111.6
140
174
8.8
1.233
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2016
3417
0.478
38.9
25.3
34.5
29.9
333.4
252.9
297.7
3388
45.9
112.9
143
179
8.7
1.244
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2017
3195
0.461
39.8
26.1
35.3
30.7
321.9
246.3
289.6
3351
45.8
113.1
142
175
8.8
1.214
Sedan/Wagon
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2018
-
0.438
41.3
27.0
35.6
31.3
308.6
243.6
283.5
3376
45.9
113.1
141
178
8.6
1.236
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1986
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1987
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1988
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1989
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1990
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1991
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-11 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1992
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1993
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1994
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1995
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1996
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1997
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1998
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
4
0.000
30.6
20.2
28.8
24.3
438.6
309.0
365.1
3000
77.2
98
168
7.9
1.714
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
110
0.008
30.3
20.1
28.4
24.1
440.6
312.5
368.9
3756
44.3
104.3
122
202
8.0
1.650
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
95
0.010
30.7
20.6
28.1
24.3
430.5
315.5
365.8
3749
44.8
103.6
121
204
7.8
1.687
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1986
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1987
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1988
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1989
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1990
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1991
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1992
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1993
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1994
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1995
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1996
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1997
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1998
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
1999
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2000
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2001
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2002
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Mult
-Valve
2003
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-13 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
22
0.001
34.4
23.1
30.7
26.9
378.7
287.7
330.2
3108
75.0
103
193
7.4
1.860
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
123
0.015
26.4
17.5
25.3
21.2
495.6
345.4
418.3
3872
46.8
105.9
201
275
6.9
1.420
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
159
0.032
26.8
17.7
25.7
21.5
490.2
342.5
413.2
3970
45.7
101.0
187
284
6.7
1.549
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
400
0.083
28.1
18.5
27.2
22.6
472.1
324.1
393.2
3945
46.9
106.8
175
261
7.2
1.523
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
942
0.154
30.8
20.0
29.3
24.4
435.7
298.4
363.8
3830
47.6
111.7
167
248
7.3
1.511
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
1875
0.225
33.5
21.8
31.3
26.4
394.0
279.5
337.0
3560
46.1
110.6
154
223
7.7
1.464
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
2906
0.305
34.1
22.3
31.7
26.8
389.2
277.1
331.6
3586
46.6
111.4
149
222
7.7
1.500
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
3081
0.327
34.4
22.5
31.8
27.0
386.6
275.9
329.4
3591
46.6
111.8
148
220
7.8
1.495
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
3297
0.356
35.2
22.9
32.3
27.5
379.4
271.0
323.6
3597
46.7
111.9
144
218
7.8
1.525
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
3468
0.427
36.9
24.0
33.4
28.6
360.7
261.7
310.7
3500
46.2
111.2
132
204
8.0
1.564
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
3450
0.440
37.4
24.5
34.1
29.2
350.7
255.5
304.2
3528
46.4
111.6
127
202
8.1
1.608
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.447
37.1
24.3
33.2
28.7
351.6
262.1
309.4
3588
46.9
112.5
127
215
7.7
1.711
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1986
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1987
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1988
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1989
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1990
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1991
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1992
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1993
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1994
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1995
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1996
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1997
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1998
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
35
0.047
25.9
16.3
27.7
21.3
545.6
321.0
418.0
3500
46.2
50.0
378
450
4.5
1.189
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
31
0.062
24.9
15.8
26.2
20.4
560.5
333.2
435.2
3630
46.8
50.0
378
499
4.1
1.319
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-15 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
58
0.052
24.6
15.7
26.4
20.4
562.9
333.7
435.4
3802
47.3
69.4
378
497
4.3
1.315
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
64
0.054
24.6
15.8
25.6
20.2
557.2
343.1
439.8
3898
47.5
71.0
358
466
4.7
1.340
Sedan/Wagon
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
-
0.052
24.7
16.0
25.2
20.2
547.4
348.7
440.0
3942
47.9
77.8
344
459
4.9
1.400
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1986
35
0.004
40.5
32.0
37.5
34.3
307.8
259.4
296.8
2906
106.2
123
74
16.9
0.584
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1987
27
0.003
30.5
24.3
27.5
25.7
406.5
354.7
396.4
3584
110.8
172
129
13.2
0.737
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1988
1
0.001
37.4
29.5
33.6
31.3
344.8
302.7
324.9
3000
95.9
152
93
14.9
0.612
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1989
4
0.001
45.5
35.0
41.6
37.9
289.0
243.2
268.6
2813
103.0
102
55
19.1
0.541
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1990
4
0.001
36.7
28.1
33.4
30.5
346.2
290.8
334.0
3280
107.5
141
93
14.9
0.643
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1991
11
0.001
35.3
26.9
32.0
29.2
359.1
303.7
348.9
3346
107.4
148
96
14.7
0.635
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1992
5
0.001
32.3
24.5
29.4
26.7
399.7
336.2
381.7
3691
110.2
154
115
13.1
0.737
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1993
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1994
1
0.000
27.8
20.0
26.9
23.0
508.9
377.9
442.7
5000
123.7
210
148
12.8
0.705
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1995
6
0.000
33.9
24.6
31.5
27.7
412.6
322.7
367.7
4076
107.7
185
135
12.5
0.730
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1996
8
0.001
42.5
30.4
39.0
34.3
329.3
257.8
296.8
3674
116.3
139
105
13.5
0.761
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1997
6
0.001
41.4
29.3
37.9
33.3
335.4
260.4
305.7
3610
110.1
144
109
12.8
0.759
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1998
15
0.001
46.3
32.3
42.2
36.9
306.4
237.7
275.9
3222
102.8
131
109
12.6
0.816
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
1999
14
0.001
44.4
30.9
40.2
35.2
316.5
248.0
288.8
3348
103.5
139
119
12.2
0.839
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2000
21
0.001
49.8
34.3
43.8
38.9
294.3
231.9
261.7
3000
100.0
116
90
12.9
0.776
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2001
23
0.001
49.1
33.5
43.1
38.2
301.1
235.5
266.5
3103
100.1
116
90
13.1
0.776
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2002
33
0.002
47.8
32.3
42.2
37.1
312.9
240.7
274.4
3226
101.7
116
90
13.8
0.776
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2003
30
0.002
49.9
33.5
43.1
38.3
301.5
235.6
266.0
3207
105.7
116
90
13.4
0.776
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2004
22
0.001
44.3
29.1
39.8
34.3
345.5
254.4
296.5
3319
106.7
117
105
12.3
0.897
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2005
36
0.003
40.3
26.4
36.7
31.4
380.0
275.9
324.4
3571
111.1
132
128
11.6
0.958
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2006
51
0.004
43.3
29.0
37.1
33.1
349.1
273.7
307.4
3531
105.8
125
111
12.5
0.879
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2007
4
0.001
31.8
20.9
30.0
25.3
481.5
333.6
402.3
4572
130.7
182
212
8.9
1.164
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2008
5
0.001
32.5
21.6
29.8
25.6
467.8
336.3
397.3
4358
50.0
123.6
182
211
8.7
1.160
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2009
41
0.005
44.1
28.8
39.4
34.0
351.5
257.7
299.4
3546
42.8
107.0
124
146
10.1
1.174
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2010
62
0.007
45.2
29.2
40.9
34.9
347.6
248.7
291.6
3514
42.5
113.6
122
143
10.2
1.175
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2011
66
0.008
43.6
27.9
38.6
33.1
361.4
262.9
307.3
3605
43.4
108.1
130
157
9.9
1.196
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2012
89
0.009
44.8
29.1
39.5
34.2
347.9
257.3
297.3
3543
44.1
110.9
122
143
10.3
1.167
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2013
109
0.009
44.8
29.5
39.5
34.5
344.8
257.1
295.4
3519
44.6
111.4
121
141
10.4
1.166
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2014
120
0.010
44.6
29.0
39.8
34.3
349.3
255.5
296.6
3650
45.8
111.8
126
156
10.0
1.226
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2015
80
0.009
47.0
29.9
41.0
35.4
339.2
247.7
287.6
3712
45.3
114.5
123
156
10.0
1.268
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2016
6
0.005
41.9
27.1
38.9
32.8
373.1
261.1
310.5
4319
49.6
115.1
155
218
8.5
1.425
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2017
6
0.003
48.5
30.9
44.2
37.3
329.3
229.5
273.0
3807
47.6
107.5
115
167
9.4
1.452
Sedan/Wagon
Diesel
2018
-
0.009
48.4
30.3
43.4
36.6
334.9
232.5
277.9
3769
47.1
106.9
115
166
9.4
1.438
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1986
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1987
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1988
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1989
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1990
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1991
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1992
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1993
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1994
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-17 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1995
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1996
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1997
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1998
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
1999
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2000
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2001
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2002
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2003
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2004
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2005
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2006
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2007
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2008
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2009
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2010
0
0.000
85.7
59.4
60.8
60.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4000
47.8
113.9
130
9.2
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2011
15
0.001
104.1
76.0
69.0
71.8
0.0
0.0
64.3
3587
44.2
107.6
90
120
9.7
1.619
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2012
55
0.004
87.5
63.8
60.2
61.7
0.0
0.0
116.1
3768
45.5
110.3
97
154
9.0
1.470
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2013
105
0.007
102.7
91.7
73.2
80.2
0.0
0.0
70.4
3866
46.1
112.9
102
175
8.6
1.577
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2014
105
0.007
99.5
76.1
60.7
66.5
0.0
0.0
94.1
3838
45.7
109.3
98
185
8.1
1.909
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2015
124
0.007
113.7
86.7
70.7
76.8
0.0
0.0
58.9
3839
45.6
109.7
99
195
8.0
2.168
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2016
105
0.008
122.8
94.7
81.5
86.7
0.0
0.0
49.4
4045
46.7
110.9
105
191
7.4
1.251
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2017
204
0.014
138.6
118.5
75.0
89.1
0.0
0.0
61.4
3958
45.7
111.2
103
153
7.6
1.114
Sedan/Wagon
Alternative Fuel
2018
-
0.027
135.9
85.9
73.9
78.6
0.0
0.0
27.6
4014
47.4
112.6
97
220
6.3
1.176
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Car SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-19 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Car SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
301
0.565
21.9
15.5
20.6
17.9
569.9
431.0
497.2
3921
243
169
10.5
0.703
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
407
0.550
21.3
15.0
19.9
17.3
588.1
445.5
513.3
3939
239
176
9.9
0.745
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
423
0.506
22.3
15.8
20.6
18.1
555.6
428.2
491.9
3860
220
183
9.5
0.852
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
179
0.465
22.8
15.8
21.5
18.5
553.9
405.6
479.8
3916
223
188
9.5
0.861
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
183
0.441
22.5
15.7
20.6
18.1
561.3
427.6
490.6
3919
217
190
9.4
0.883
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
156
0.374
23.3
15.8
22.0
18.8
560.4
400.7
473.3
4000
214
191
9.5
0.895
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
264
0.336
24.4
16.4
22.9
19.6
539.3
387.3
453.9
4000
207
188
9.4
0.908
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
68
0.264
23.8
16.0
22.5
19.2
552.6
394.0
464.0
4000
219
205
9.1
0.934
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
159
0.225
24.6
16.5
23.1
19.7
537.1
385.2
450.8
4000
209
191
9.5
0.915
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
96
0.188
25.4
17.0
24.0
20.4
521.3
370.6
435.5
4000
48.6
204
185
9.7
0.907
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
36
0.115
25.4
17.0
23.9
20.4
521.4
371.0
435.8
4000
48.6
204
185
9.4
0.907
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
25
0.019
23.5
16.0
21.8
18.9
557.1
406.8
471.4
4000
44.9
226
210
9.0
0.930
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
165
0.326
24.3
17.7
21.6
19.6
492.6
405.3
453.5
3645
156
164
10.8
1.056
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
179
0.298
23.7
17.2
21.0
19.1
509.2
417.7
466.2
3691
154
161
10.5
1.052
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
246
0.296
24.1
17.0
22.1
19.5
518.2
398.6
456.3
3697
161
173
9.9
1.074
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
314
0.280
23.4
16.4
21.4
18.8
536.8
411.1
471.9
3774
174
177
9.9
1.021
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
279
0.251
25.5
17.5
23.5
20.4
504.3
375.6
434.9
3666
166
172
9.8
1.036
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
240
0.239
25.0
17.1
23.1
20.0
517.1
382.0
444.1
3793
177
181
9.6
1.026
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-21 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
327
0.204
26.2
18.0
23.4
20.7
489.4
379.1
429.1
3680
163
174
9.7
1.076
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
432
0.179
25.8
17.6
23.4
20.5
499.5
377.6
433.3
3813
175
176
9.8
1.015
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
329
0.200
25.7
17.5
23.4
20.4
501.5
377.2
435.1
4035
184
210
9.3
1.128
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
306
0.221
26.7
18.1
24.3
21.2
474.6
364.9
419.5
3941
46.3
181
208
9.0
1.137
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
124
0.156
26.5
17.9
24.4
21.1
493.2
362.6
421.4
3949
46.6
185
226
8.3
1.221
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
1
0.078
26.6
18.4
23.5
21.0
483.1
378.2
423.3
4000
46.3
165
173
10.3
1.048
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
2
0.022
22.8
15.4
21.5
18.4
576.1
414.3
483.8
4014
47.4
234
225
8.5
0.962
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
Car SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
32
0.017
26.5
17.6
25.4
21.3
505.8
350.3
417.2
4000
213
255
7.7
1.197
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
22
0.108
24.5
17.5
22.5
19.9
507.3
395.2
447.2
4000
183
220
9.2
1.202
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
31
0.150
24.2
17.2
22.2
19.6
516.2
400.9
453.7
4000
183
220
8.8
1.202
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
74
0.193
27.1
19.1
24.4
21.7
458.3
359.6
409.5
3454
150
181
9.3
1.208
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
110
0.253
28.2
19.8
25.2
22.5
444.5
349.7
395.7
3396
144
170
9.7
1.183
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
113
0.304
27.8
19.4
24.8
22.1
453.6
355.0
402.1
3510
160
188
9.2
1.171
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
242
0.384
26.0
17.8
23.9
20.8
491.7
368.5
427.8
3820
190
218
8.5
1.145
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
222
0.451
25.4
17.3
23.4
20.3
502.8
375.8
438.0
3913
194
223
8.4
1.143
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
220
0.537
26.0
17.7
23.7
20.7
492.3
370.0
430.2
3942
185
211
8.9
1.137
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
430
0.515
26.7
18.1
24.3
21.2
484.3
362.2
419.7
3835
178
213
8.8
1.206
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
501
0.519
26.9
18.3
24.6
21.4
479.0
357.8
415.1
3856
45.6
174
203
9.2
1.165
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
441
0.635
28.5
19.3
25.7
22.5
450.9
343.0
394.8
3802
45.8
171
202
8.8
1.173
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-23 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
675
0.687
29.0
19.6
26.2
22.9
447.0
337.2
388.3
3879
46.4
176
213
8.6
1.208
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
871
0.679
30.1
20.3
27.0
23.6
434.8
327.7
376.2
3799
46.0
169
206
8.7
1.214
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
740
0.677
30.1
20.3
26.9
23.6
433.2
328.4
376.6
3784
45.8
170
209
8.6
1.226
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
790
0.605
30.9
20.7
27.8
24.2
424.5
317.8
367.1
3913
46.6
173
216
8.5
1.244
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
753
0.545
32.0
21.4
28.7
25.0
410.3
307.6
354.9
3778
45.6
160
199
8.8
1.251
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
803
0.533
32.9
22.1
29.1
25.6
397.0
302.4
346.7
3782
45.3
153
191
8.9
1.266
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
936
0.478
34.4
23.1
30.1
26.6
380.7
293.1
333.9
3667
44.8
141
178
9.2
1.280
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
822
0.461
33.9
22.7
30.3
26.5
387.4
291.5
335.7
3739
45.3
149
189
8.9
1.287
Car SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.438
34.3
22.8
30.4
26.6
385.6
290.7
334.4
3713
45.3
148
181
9.1
1.245
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
20
0.015
24.9
16.9
22.9
19.9
526.2
387.4
447.1
4000
47.8
140
244
7.6
1.743
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
8
0.032
25.4
17.5
22.8
20.2
508.0
389.7
440.6
4000
47.8
140
244
7.4
1.743
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
240
0.083
29.5
19.6
27.5
23.4
446.6
316.7
379.1
4148
48.3
160
215
8.9
1.332
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
333
0.154
29.3
19.4
27.3
23.3
450.8
319.8
382.2
4126
49.0
158
210
9.0
1.321
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
500
0.225
29.3
19.3
27.1
23.1
451.8
322.8
384.6
4105
48.5
161
213
8.9
1.326
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
724
0.305
31.4
20.7
28.5
24.5
425.1
308.9
363.0
4023
47.7
146
211
8.8
1.468
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
812
0.327
30.7
20.3
27.6
23.9
433.0
318.6
372.2
3946
47.2
148
208
8.7
1.435
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
898
0.356
31.7
21.1
28.4
24.7
414.4
308.2
359.6
3945
47.3
153
213
8.6
1.404
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
917
0.427
32.7
21.9
29.0
25.5
398.0
302.4
349.1
3867
47.2
143
206
8.6
1.466
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
1123
0.440
33.0
21.9
29.4
25.7
400.1
299.2
346.3
3912
47.3
129
196
8.9
1.574
Car SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.447
34.7
23.4
29.5
26.5
375.4
298.6
334.9
3790
46.4
115
189
8.9
1.698
Car SUV
Diesel
1999
Car SUV
Diesel
2000
Car SUV
Diesel
2001
Car SUV
Diesel
2002
Car SUV
Diesel
2003
Car SUV
Diesel
2004
Car SUV
Diesel
2005
Car SUV
Diesel
2006
Car SUV
Diesel
2007
Car SUV
Diesel
2008
Car SUV
Diesel
2009
Car SUV
Diesel
2010
Car SUV
Diesel
2011
Car SUV
Diesel
2012
Car SUV
Diesel
2013
Car SUV
Diesel
2014
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-25 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Car SUV
Diesel
2015
Car SUV
Diesel
2016
Car SUV
Diesel
2017
Car SUV
Diesel
2018
-
0.009
42.7
27.8
36.1
32.0
366.7
278.4
318.4
4000
46.4
108
145
11.6
1.351
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
1999
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2000
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2001
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2002
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2003
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2004
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2005
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2006
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2007
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2008
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2009
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2010
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2011
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2012
0
0.004
108.2
77.9
73.3
75.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4036
45.0
153
7.7
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2013
1
0.007
107.9
77.5
73.2
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4062
45.0
152
7.0
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2014
1
0.007
107.9
77.6
73.2
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4059
45.0
152
7.0
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2015
0
0.007
71.1
49.3
50.7
50.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
4500
45.2
134
12.5
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2016
18
0.008
124.1
89.5
93.0
91.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
5515
54.5
404
4.8
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2017
17
0.014
122.1
87.8
91.8
90.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5738
54.8
758
4.0
Car SUV
Alternative Fuel
2018
-
0.027
120.2
71.7
73.1
72.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
5831
54.8
758
4.0
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Van
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-27 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Van
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
1281
0.565
22.0
15.4
21.2
18.0
571.8
413.1
492.5
4330
229
183
ll.l
0.806
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
1325
0.550
22.4
15.6
21.5
18.3
564.2
407.9
485.0
4306
226
182
10.6
0.812
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
954
0.506
21.6
15.0
20.7
17.6
581.4
419.0
504.2
4602
241
204
10.1
0.855
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
890
0.465
22.8
15.7
21.6
18.5
559.1
403.2
480.1
4407
226
194
10.3
0.865
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
914
0.441
23.5
16.0
22.2
19.0
549.4
394.2
468.7
4381
226
196
10.1
0.874
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
454
0.374
23.0
15.5
21.9
18.6
567.7
400.4
478.4
4445
233
198
10.1
0.857
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
919
0.336
23.6
15.9
22.3
19.0
557.5
394.9
467.7
4388
224
199
10.0
0.890
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
617
0.264
23.5
15.7
22.3
18.9
562.6
394.9
470.1
4505
226
198
10.2
0.880
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
327
0.225
23.3
15.5
22.3
18.8
569.7
396.6
473.3
4498
226
198
10.4
0.875
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
295
0.188
23.8
15.9
22.6
19.2
556.9
390.1
463.9
4573
55.5
225
176
11.0
0.783
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
151
0.115
23.8
16.0
22.7
19.2
555.3
389.3
463.0
4577
55.4
223
189
10.3
0.855
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
263
0.077
24.0
16.0
23.1
19.4
554.4
385.1
458.3
4516
55.0
224
191
10.1
0.852
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
11
0.039
20.0
14.0
18.3
16.1
630.5
479.7
551.2
5325
64.2
275
209
10.8
0.758
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
18
0.019
20.5
14.2
18.8
16.5
620.6
468.3
538.4
5192
63.6
271
206
10.8
0.761
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
12
0.009
20.2
14.1
18.4
16.3
624.2
474.2
546.6
5254
64.1
272
205
10.9
0.754
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
15
0.005
19.5
13.5
18.0
15.7
656.8
490.8
564.6
5181
63.9
270
203
10.9
0.750
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
62
0.326
25.6
18.0
24.1
20.8
493.4
369.4
427.0
3998
148
150
12.7
1.015
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
112
0.298
24.6
17.3
22.9
19.9
512.6
385.9
445.5
4000
150
159
11.6
1.061
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
69
0.296
23.9
16.9
21.8
19.3
525.1
405.7
461.1
4045
151
158
11.5
1.043
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
93
0.280
22.0
15.3
20.6
17.8
573.1
424.4
498.0
4570
184
176
11.2
0.966
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
77
0.251
21.5
14.9
20.0
17.4
585.9
437.3
511.1
4706
193
182
10.9
0.952
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
59
0.239
21.6
14.4
21.1
17.6
613.2
420.4
506.1
4897
206
190
10.7
0.926
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-29 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
191
0.204
23.5
15.8
22.2
18.9
558.0
398.9
470.6
4494
191
194
10.0
1.022
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
125
0.179
24.9
16.7
23.3
19.9
529.2
381.4
445.9
4288
198
213
9.4
1.076
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
107
0.200
24.6
16.5
23.1
19.7
536.2
383.8
450.2
4344
207
222
9.2
1.074
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
115
0.221
24.4
16.3
23.4
19.7
545.7
378.6
451.3
4642
53.1
227
254
8.6
1.123
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
44
0.156
25.0
16.6
24.0
20.1
535.5
368.9
441.4
4785
54.7
237
252
8.6
1.064
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
86
0.078
27.7
18.8
25.0
21.9
465.7
355.0
405.4
4353
51.8
191
203
10.0
1.080
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
28
0.022
29.9
20.7
25.5
23.2
427.0
348.3
383.0
3526
48.2
124
141
11.6
1.144
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
37
0.004
30.5
20.8
26.5
23.7
426.9
335.1
374.6
3500
48.1
122
136
11.8
1.114
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
43
0.005
30.5
20.8
26.5
23.7
426.9
335.1
374.6
3500
48.1
122
136
11.8
1.114
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
Van
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
4
0.017
24.1
16.0
23.4
19.5
556.2
380.5
456.0
4500
237
240
9.0
1.013
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
71
0.057
24.1
16.0
23.4
19.5
556.5
380.0
455.9
4500
237
240
9.1
1.013
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
77
0.048
24.0
15.9
23.2
19.4
557.8
382.2
457.8
4500
49.2
237
240
9.1
1.013
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
7
0.068
18.4
12.9
16.7
14.8
691.4
530.8
600.0
5783
63.5
323
301
9.0
0.932
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
7
0.096
17.9
12.5
16.7
14.6
708.4
532.6
609.9
5920
64.4
328
303
9.0
0.926
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
8
0.061
17.9
12.5
16.7
14.6
709.6
531.4
610.3
5929
64.6
327
310
8.8
0.950
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
7
0.060
18.1
12.6
16.8
14.7
703.0
528.9
605.5
5855
64.4
326
310
8.8
0.952
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
9
0.053
18.0
12.6
16.7
14.6
704.3
531.3
607.3
5913
64.2
327
311
8.9
0.951
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
2
0.018
16.2
10.9
16.1
13.4
812.6
549.6
663.5
6662
65.2
321
297
9.2
0.929
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
1
0.020
15.8
10.7
15.9
13.1
832.3
558.2
676.2
6647
64.8
366
324
8.6
0.885
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
1
0.020
15.4
10.3
15.4
12.7
861.6
576.8
699.4
6669
66.0
366
324
8.6
0.885
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
120
0.108
24.1
16.7
23.4
19.7
531.2
379.1
450.0
4210
195
196
10.5
1.008
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
254
0.150
24.0
16.5
23.3
19.6
536.9
381.4
453.0
4241
197
197
10.0
1.004
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
209
0.193
24.3
16.7
23.2
19.8
530.5
382.4
449.8
4295
200
207
9.6
1.041
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
259
0.253
24.3
16.7
23.2
19.7
533.0
383.1
450.3
4287
200
226
9.1
1.133
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
241
0.304
24.3
16.5
23.2
19.6
540.0
383.2
452.6
4342
203
229
8.9
1.129
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
440
0.384
24.9
16.7
23.8
20.1
532.6
372.9
443.0
4475
206
233
9.0
1.132
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
371
0.451
25.2
16.8
24.2
20.3
529.2
366.2
437.1
4500
208
242
8.7
1.165
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
421
0.537
25.3
16.8
24.3
20.4
527.9
364.8
435.7
4488
207
229
9.1
1.108
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
342
0.515
25.1
16.7
23.9
20.2
531.9
370.9
440.7
4500
212
250
8.7
1.179
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
303
0.519
25.8
17.2
24.4
20.7
515.3
362.7
429.7
4446
54.5
208
247
8.8
1.188
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
173
0.635
26.0
17.4
24.6
20.9
507.9
360.3
425.7
4514
53.6
203
240
8.9
1.181
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-31 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
204
0.687
25.7
17.1
24.5
20.6
516.8
362.2
430.6
4590
53.8
207
241
9.0
1.163
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
475
0.679
26.4
17.6
24.8
21.1
503.3
356.9
420.8
4521
55.5
214
266
8.1
1.244
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
599
0.677
26.9
17.8
25.4
21.5
497.5
348.9
414.0
4456
54.8
212
262
8.2
1.234
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
509
0.605
26.4
17.5
25.1
21.1
506.0
353.6
420.3
4594
55.0
213
268
8.2
1.253
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
646
0.545
27.0
18.0
25.4
21.6
492.4
348.6
411.9
4454
54.8
210
261
8.2
1.237
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
621
0.533
27.5
18.4
25.6
21.9
479.6
346.5
406.5
4403
54.5
203
249
8.5
1.221
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
567
0.478
27.3
18.1
25.7
21.7
488.5
344.9
408.8
4445
54.9
208
256
8.3
1.225
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
569
0.461
28.1
18.4
26.6
22.3
479.6
333.0
398.6
4491
55.5
206
268
7.9
1.290
Van
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.438
28.4
18.9
26.2
22.4
466.1
337.7
395.9
4402
54.6
196
255
8.2
1.284
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
2
0.327
31.5
21.3
27.9
24.6
417.9
318.5
361.2
3934
50.8
99
175
9.7
1.778
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
32
0.356
26.7
18.1
24.4
21.2
489.6
362.1
418.8
4496
56.8
191
266
8.1
1.409
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
62
0.427
26.8
18.2
24.1
21.2
485.7
367.7
420.1
4558
57.3
186
263
8.2
1.435
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
43
0.440
26.6
18.0
24.1
21.0
491.0
368.1
422.2
4561
57.6
192
268
8.1
1.415
Van
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.447
28.4
18.7
27.1
22.7
475.5
327.0
391.8
4571
55.6
208
277
7.3
1.337
Van
Diesel
1999
Van
Diesel
2000
Van
Diesel
2001
Van
Diesel
2002
Van
Diesel
2003
Van
Diesel
2004
Van
Diesel
2005
Van
Diesel
2006
Van
Diesel
2007
Van
Diesel
2008
Van
Diesel
2009
Van
Diesel
2010
Van
Diesel
2011
Van
Diesel
2012
Van
Diesel
2013
Van
Diesel
2014
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-33 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Van
Diesel
2015
Van
Diesel
2016
Van
Diesel
2017
Van
Diesel
2018
Van
Alternative Fuel
1999
Van
Alternative Fuel
2000
Van
Alternative Fuel
2001
Van
Alternative Fuel
2002
Van
Alternative Fuel
2003
Van
Alternative Fuel
2004
Van
Alternative Fuel
2005
Van
Alternative Fuel
2006
Van
Alternative Fuel
2007
Van
Alternative Fuel
2008
Van
Alternative Fuel
2009
Van
Alternative Fuel
2010
Van
Alternative Fuel
2011
0
0.001
11.5
8.6
9.8
9.2
969.7
757.2
963.4
5883
61.2
303
251
11.3
0.833
Van
Alternative Fuel
2012
1
0.004
14.5
10.4
12.8
11.6
846.3
650.8
763.9
5719
60.4
297
227
23.0
0.764
Van
Alternative Fuel
2013
0
0.007
11.6
8.9
9.3
9.1
993.1
956.6
972.3
6500
65.2
330
255
12.2
0.774
Van
Alternative Fuel
2014
0
0.007
11.6
8.9
9.3
9.1
993.1
956.6
972.3
6500
65.2
330
255
12.2
0.774
Van
Alternative Fuel
2015
Van
Alternative Fuel
2016
Van
Alternative Fuel
2017
3
0.014
106.1
109.7
52.1
67.3
81.0
170.6
132.1
5000
58.0
220
220
7.5
1.001
Van
Alternative Fuel
2018
-
0.027
78.7
62.5
41.5
48.5
65.1
172.4
126.3
5000
58.0
220
220
7.5
1.001
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Truck SUV
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-35 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Truck SUV
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
1724
0.565
18.8
13.4
17.8
15.5
655.0
496.2
575.2
4652
278
209
10.3
0.761
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
1953
0.550
19.0
13.5
17.8
15.5
653.4
496.0
573.7
4724
275
213
9.8
0.780
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
1636
0.506
19.3
13.7
17.8
15.7
643.8
493.5
567.1
4758
271
220
9.5
0.813
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
2002
0.465
19.2
13.4
17.9
15.6
656.8
494.1
571.0
4875
273
237
9.3
0.867
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
1729
0.441
19.0
13.2
17.7
15.4
667.0
499.5
578.1
5138
285
243
9.3
0.854
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
1907
0.374
19.2
13.3
17.9
15.5
665.3
492.7
572.4
4997
284
243
9.2
0.856
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
1169
0.336
19.3
13.3
17.9
15.6
664.3
492.3
569.7
5051
285
252
8.9
0.884
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
883
0.264
19.6
13.4
18.2
15.8
657.6
485.1
562.3
4913
272
243
9.1
0.890
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
1119
0.225
20.5
14.0
19.2
16.5
633.5
462.3
537.8
5222
283
262
9.1
0.920
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
775
0.188
20.8
14.2
19.3
16.7
622.8
457.9
531.4
5043
49.3
271
251
9.3
0.921
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
262
0.115
20.8
14.1
19.5
16.8
626.3
455.0
530.5
4975
48.6
265
249
9.0
0.931
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
280
0.077
21.3
14.5
19.7
17.1
608.9
449.5
519.3
4548
44.9
233
207
9.7
0.889
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
187
0.039
22.0
15.1
20.4
17.7
587.8
435.3
501.2
4323
45.9
229
204
9.6
0.892
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
82
0.019
21.9
15.0
20.4
17.7
591.8
434.5
502.7
4539
45.2
232
220
9.6
0.941
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
1
0.009
18.3
12.5
17.6
15.0
712.4
503.7
593.5
5500
51.9
391
470
6.3
1.203
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
5
0.005
19.1
12.8
18.7
15.6
693.0
474.3
568.3
5500
52.3
391
470
5.8
1.203
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
5
0.003
19.1
12.8
18.7
15.6
693.0
474.2
568.3
5500
51.8
391
470
5.8
1.203
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
2
0.000
19.1
12.8
18.7
15.6
693.0
474.3
568.3
5500
51.7
391
470
5.8
1.203
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
3
0.001
19.1
12.7
18.7
15.6
697.2
476.1
571.2
5500
52.1
391
470
5.8
1.203
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
-
0.001
19.2
12.9
19.1
15.8
691.4
464.6
562.2
5881
53.3
391
470
6.0
1.203
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
550
0.326
22.2
16.2
20.0
18.0
534.7
436.8
493.2
4164
184
185
10.8
1.028
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
509
0.298
22.4
16.3
19.8
18.0
535.0
440.8
493.2
4199
178
178
10.6
1.022
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
681
0.296
22.0
15.7
19.8
17.7
552.2
438.6
501.7
4222
189
191
10.0
1.036
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
688
0.280
21.1
15.0
19.0
17.0
583.1
458.6
523.8
4334
202
197
10.0
0.993
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
649
0.251
21.2
14.8
19.4
17.1
587.0
449.1
520.9
4361
214
207
9.6
0.990
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
601
0.239
21.0
14.6
19.1
16.8
597.8
454.9
527.5
4458
223
218
9.4
1.005
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-37 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
459
0.204
22.6
15.6
20.3
18.0
555.7
430.3
494.0
4221
193
202
9.6
1.057
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
305
0.179
23.9
16.5
21.5
19.0
524.2
408.5
467.6
4042
183
189
9.8
1.040
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
385
0.200
23.0
15.8
21.0
18.4
552.1
417.7
483.7
4444
207
240
8.9
1.157
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
427
0.221
23.7
16.4
21.4
18.9
528.5
410.3
470.2
4365
46.7
206
230
9.1
1.114
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
266
0.156
25.5
17.2
23.6
20.4
508.1
373.8
436.2
4094
46.0
184
214
9.0
1.163
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
104
0.078
21.8
14.6
20.9
17.6
602.1
418.7
504.4
5120
51.1
255
260
8.6
1.036
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
20
0.022
21.6
15.0
19.7
17.3
589.4
448.2
512.6
4466
46.7
243
253
8.6
1.033
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
28
0.005
25.9
17.4
24.1
20.7
510.5
368.3
429.9
5000
53.6
214
285
8.0
1.334
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
50
0.005
27.5
18.5
25.2
21.8
476.8
350.3
407.2
5122
52.9
205
273
8.1
1.334
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
16
0.010
26.0
17.5
24.1
20.8
506.6
368.0
427.8
5000
53.6
214
287
8.0
1.344
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
12
0.009
25.2
16.1
22.6
19.3
551.3
393.6
461.6
5000
53.6
214
287
8.0
1.344
Truck SUV
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.011
25.3
16.1
22.7
19.3
551.6
391.6
460.5
5000
53.6
214
287
8.0
1.344
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
23
0.017
24.9
16.7
23.6
20.0
533.3
377.1
444.3
4000
213
255
7.9
1.197
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
146
0.057
18.6
12.5
18.2
15.2
710.1
488.8
585.0
5683
327
351
7.8
1.075
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
92
0.048
19.1
12.9
18.6
15.6
684.9
475.5
570.1
5480
52.1
314
330
8.1
1.053
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
40
0.047
20.4
13.8
19.4
16.5
618.6
453.6
538.4
5600
52.4
348
354
7.5
1.018
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
118
0.068
21.4
14.4
20.5
17.3
616.5
432.1
512.8
5881
54.8
337
331
7.9
0.977
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
315
0.096
21.0
14.2
19.8
16.9
624.1
445.6
524.8
5953
56.5
339
346
7.8
1.018
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
218
0.061
20.9
14.1
19.8
16.8
628.2
446.7
528.1
5933
56.4
339
349
7.7
1.028
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
276
0.060
21.0
14.1
19.9
16.9
626.1
444.3
525.2
5972
57.0
338
345
7.7
1.021
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
441
0.053
23.8
15.9
22.5
19.1
553.9
392.6
465.8
5242
53.2
262
310
7.5
1.215
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
29
0.018
20.8
13.7
21.1
17.1
648.2
420.8
519.0
5493
52.6
348
360
6.8
1.035
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
14
0.020
21.6
14.1
21.9
17.7
629.2
405.6
501.8
5500
52.4
348
360
6.8
1.035
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
29
0.020
21.5
14.1
21.9
17.7
632.4
405.0
502.8
5500
52.2
348
360
6.8
1.035
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
-
0.011
20.6
13.6
20.9
16.9
651.6
422.7
524.7
5576
52.1
352
413
6.4
1.162
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
69
0.108
23.3
16.8
21.2
18.9
528.4
420.1
470.4
4000
183
220
9.5
1.202
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
64
0.150
22.7
16.3
20.6
18.4
541.9
428.8
483.6
4086
190
225
9.0
1.189
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
390
0.193
21.8
15.5
19.9
17.7
563.0
438.8
503.4
4219
191
222
9.1
1.164
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
897
0.253
21.8
15.2
20.4
17.7
573.1
431.6
502.9
4336
213
235
9.0
1.113
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
1194
0.304
22.1
15.3
20.5
17.8
568.5
429.1
498.5
4411
211
234
9.0
1.118
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
1566
0.384
21.9
15.0
20.4
17.6
580.0
431.3
504.0
4576
225
245
8.9
1.103
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
1636
0.451
21.5
14.7
19.9
17.3
591.5
440.6
514.5
4696
230
250
8.7
1.104
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
1787
0.537
21.9
15.0
20.1
17.6
570.6
434.7
505.7
4743
229
247
8.8
1.093
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
1655
0.515
23.4
16.0
21.3
18.6
539.4
411.6
476.5
4512
212
239
8.9
1.147
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
1705
0.519
23.7
16.2
21.8
19.0
532.2
402.0
468.5
4613
48.7
213
249
8.8
1.176
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
1005
0.635
25.0
17.1
22.8
19.9
508.1
385.6
445.9
4462
48.6
200
241
8.6
1.209
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-39 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
1509
0.687
26.2
17.9
23.6
20.8
483.8
370.8
427.7
4316
47.2
195
233
8.8
1.200
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
2058
0.679
26.2
17.9
23.7
20.8
485.7
370.4
427.7
4400
48.0
197
237
8.8
1.209
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
1930
0.677
26.1
17.8
23.6
20.7
488.7
370.8
429.5
4381
48.0
200
243
8.6
1.220
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
2216
0.605
26.9
18.3
24.3
21.3
473.4
359.6
417.2
4381
48.5
197
242
8.6
1.230
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
2166
0.545
28.3
19.2
25.3
22.3
449.8
343.4
399.3
4232
47.6
188
229
8.7
1.222
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
2831
0.533
28.4
19.2
25.5
22.4
449.7
341.7
397.5
4291
47.9
190
236
8.5
1.241
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
2346
0.478
29.1
19.7
25.9
22.8
435.3
335.6
389.7
4273
47.6
186
231
8.6
1.242
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
2659
0.461
29.7
20.1
26.5
23.3
425.8
326.6
380.9
4280
47.5
184
232
8.5
1.255
Truck SUV
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.438
29.8
20.2
26.1
23.2
425.1
332.5
383.1
4314
47.6
187
232
8.5
1.241
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
Truck SUV
GDI, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.004
31.5
21.8
23.7
22.9
408.1
374.1
388.8
4430
48.7
122
270
7.0
2.212
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
60
0.015
21.0
14.3
19.7
16.9
618.5
448.8
525.0
5176
51.1
211
296
8.1
1.432
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
130
0.032
23.7
16.0
22.2
19.0
552.2
398.0
467.6
4871
52.7
202
278
7.9
1.399
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
280
0.083
23.6
15.9
22.3
19.0
554.5
395.8
468.3
5029
53.4
218
294
7.9
1.358
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
462
0.154
23.7
15.9
22.4
19.1
551.5
393.0
465.9
5067
53.7
220
310
7.6
1.433
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
507
0.225
24.2
16.3
22.8
19.4
539.5
387.0
457.1
5023
53.7
216
298
7.7
1.407
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
760
0.305
26.7
17.9
24.5
21.2
483.1
355.3
419.9
4623
50.4
179
265
8.1
1.535
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
1004
0.327
26.9
18.1
24.8
21.4
481.1
353.2
415.6
4626
50.8
184
269
8.0
1.502
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-41 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
1397
0.356
28.2
19.0
25.6
22.3
453.4
339.8
399.3
4546
50.0
175
259
8.2
1.502
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
2021
0.427
28.2
18.9
25.5
22.2
455.9
342.3
400.3
4461
49.5
173
258
8.1
1.514
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
2407
0.440
27.7
18.6
25.3
21.9
464.8
344.3
406.0
4558
50.5
177
271
7.9
1.600
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.447
29.9
20.1
26.5
23.3
431.3
330.9
381.5
4378
49.5
160
258
7.9
1.680
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
372
0.062
23.0
15.4
22.0
18.6
576.3
403.9
478.9
6134
57.9
338
366
7.5
1.081
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
311
0.052
23.0
15.5
21.9
18.6
573.3
406.3
478.7
6045
58.0
340
369
7.3
1.084
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
270
0.054
23.0
15.4
21.9
18.5
577.1
404.1
479.5
6136
57.9
339
368
7.4
1.083
Truck SUV
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
-
0.052
22.7
15.1
22.0
18.4
587.6
403.2
483.4
6150
58.2
343
378
7.1
1.102
Truck SUV
Diesel
1999
Truck SUV
Diesel
2000
Truck SUV
Diesel
2001
Truck SUV
Diesel
2002
Truck SUV
Diesel
2003
Truck SUV
Diesel
2004
1
0.001
22.8
15.4
21.8
18.4
661.8
467.5
552.2
6000
300
310
8.5
1.033
Truck SUV
Diesel
2005
9
0.003
28.1
19.4
24.7
22.1
525.7
411.4
460.6
4500
171
160
11.7
0.936
Truck SUV
Diesel
2006
8
0.004
26.6
18.5
23.1
20.9
546.6
439.0
487.0
4632
182
173
11.5
0.944
Truck SUV
Diesel
2007
9
0.001
26.2
18.1
23.3
20.7
561.1
436.3
491.3
5201
188
219
10.1
1.174
Truck SUV
Diesel
2008
13
0.001
25.9
17.9
23.0
20.5
567.6
441.6
496.7
5400
52.0
183
216
10.3
1.180
Truck SUV
Diesel
2009
10
0.005
26.2
17.6
24.3
20.9
576.4
417.7
487.4
5514
52.2
182
227
10.0
1.246
Truck SUV
Diesel
2010
15
0.007
26.5
17.8
24.6
21.1
569.1
412.5
481.8
5595
52.7
183
233
10.1
1.274
Truck SUV
Diesel
2011
26
0.008
27.3
18.4
24.7
21.5
552.3
409.0
472.9
5563
53.3
182
236
9.8
1.295
Truck SUV
Diesel
2012
34
0.009
27.7
18.7
25.2
21.9
543.8
401.2
465.2
5568
52.6
182
238
9.8
1.307
Truck SUV
Diesel
2013
28
0.009
29.4
19.6
27.6
23.4
518.7
367.7
434.2
5443
52.4
179
241
9.4
1.349
Truck SUV
Diesel
2014
39
0.010
31.2
20.8
29.1
24.9
484.2
347.7
409.6
5174
51.3
176
237
9.2
1.353
Truck SUV
Diesel
2015
47
0.009
32.1
21.5
29.1
25.3
467.9
347.0
402.9
5206
51.3
172
232
9.4
1.362
Truck SUV
Diesel
2016
27
0.005
32.2
21.6
28.6
25.1
468.6
354.0
405.4
5356
52.0
175
240
9.3
1.375
Truck SUV
Diesel
2017
12
0.003
33.6
22.8
29.4
26.2
442.5
343.6
388.7
5172
52.5
170
240
9.1
1.420
Truck SUV
Diesel
2018
-
0.009
37.1
24.8
31.6
28.3
405.2
316.5
360.1
4569
49.2
139
188
10.5
1.364
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
1999
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-43 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2000
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2001
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2002
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2003
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2004
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2005
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2006
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2007
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2008
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2009
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2010
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2011
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2012
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2013
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2014
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2015
l
0.007
37.5
27.0
26.1
26.5
329.2
340.7
335.8
6000
51.8
183
416
5.2
2.272
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2016
10
0.008
54.3
38.9
41.9
40.6
227.9
211.6
219.1
5510
52.3
136
277
6.2
2.072
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2017
10
0.014
53.9
38.5
41.6
40.2
230.1
213.6
221.1
5520
52.4
137
283
6.6
2.098
Truck SUV
Alternative Fuel
2018
-
0.027
45.3
32.4
29.7
30.8
196.3
265.2
240.0
5296
50.7
126
259
6.5
2.066
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Pickup
Carb, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-45 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Pickup
TBI, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
2348
0.565
19.7
14.0
18.5
16.1
620.5
471.9
552.2
4565
275
209
10.3
0.763
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
2280
0.550
20.3
14.4
18.9
16.5
605.7
463.6
537.1
4391
263
205
9.8
0.786
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
2197
0.506
19.3
13.6
18.0
15.7
642.1
488.5
565.6
4642
280
221
9.4
0.795
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
1957
0.465
19.0
13.4
17.6
15.4
657.3
502.5
576.1
4832
287
236
9.3
0.822
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
2116
0.441
19.6
13.7
17.9
15.8
639.6
488.8
562.1
4749
275
230
9.4
0.834
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
1694
0.374
19.3
13.5
17.6
15.5
656.2
502.0
572.6
4970
291
253
9.0
0.864
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
1361
0.336
19.3
13.3
17.8
15.5
665.8
497.2
572.8
5053
294
260
8.9
0.879
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
1115
0.264
19.7
13.6
18.1
15.9
649.8
487.9
559.6
5084
292
257
9.1
0.876
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
1155
0.225
19.9
13.7
18.4
16.0
649.2
481.4
555.1
5273
298
271
9.0
0.904
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
993
0.188
20.4
14.0
18.9
16.4
630.6
466.2
540.8
5285
64.6
296
273
9.1
0.917
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
495
0.115
20.5
14.0
19.1
16.5
635.7
464.0
538.8
5347
65.1
304
287
8.5
0.941
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
178
0.077
20.7
14.2
19.1
16.6
624.8
464.9
534.8
5001
62.0
268
242
9.3
0.901
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
158
0.039
20.7
14.3
19.0
16.7
617.7
466.1
532.8
4696
59.7
259
232
9.2
0.892
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
73
0.019
21.0
14.4
19.5
16.9
615.9
455.6
525.1
5067
61.8
273
256
9.0
0.928
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
55
0.009
20.6
14.3
18.9
16.6
619.9
468.7
535.8
4983
61.7
272
242
9.3
0.881
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
196
0.326
23.6
17.3
20.8
19.0
508.8
422.5
467.6
3544
171
159
10.5
0.935
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
332
0.298
21.6
15.8
19.1
17.4
551.7
455.9
510.1
3993
204
186
9.8
0.918
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
322
0.296
22.2
16.2
19.5
17.8
537.2
447.8
498.9
3932
196
180
9.8
0.928
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
423
0.280
21.8
15.7
19.2
17.5
551.1
451.9
508.9
4032
200
181
10.1
0.912
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
358
0.251
22.4
15.9
19.7
17.9
542.7
439.5
497.6
4005
200
182
9.9
0.926
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
339
0.239
21.6
15.3
19.1
17.2
564.5
451.9
515.6
4147
208
188
9.9
0.919
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
40
0.204
27.5
19.0
24.2
21.7
465.3
365.0
410.5
3696
144
151
10.5
1.046
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
33
0.179
28.1
19.3
25.0
22.2
458.6
354.3
400.6
3595
142
150
10.5
1.051
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
114
0.200
22.2
15.5
19.8
17.7
570.4
446.9
502.3
4315
247
245
8.3
0.990
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
123
0.221
22.2
15.5
19.7
17.7
568.8
449.4
503.3
4344
55.6
246
245
8.4
0.993
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
130
0.156
22.0
15.1
20.0
17.6
584.5
443.2
505.8
4849
59.6
256
258
8.4
1.004
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-47 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
304
0.078
20.5
14.1
18.8
16.5
621.7
467.3
539.5
5607
64.9
308
290
8.5
0.949
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
47
0.022
27.8
19.3
24.2
21.8
460.1
366.5
407.6
3500
48.0
140
143
10.7
1.021
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
14
0.005
29.2
19.6
26.5
23.0
453.6
335.7
386.5
5980
67.1
183
240
9.0
1.311
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
140
0.010
21.8
14.8
20.7
17.6
602.2
428.4
503.6
5000
68.5
305
385
6.6
1.262
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
157
0.010
21.6
14.7
20.4
17.5
605.1
434.1
508.1
4994
68.5
305
385
6.6
1.262
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
131
0.009
22.1
14.8
21.1
17.8
600.4
421.8
498.8
4999
68.5
305
385
6.6
1.262
Pickup
Port, Fixed Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.011
23.7
16.0
21.9
19.0
553.0
404.2
468.9
4995
67.9
305
395
5.8
1.295
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
0
0.017
15.2
10.6
14.2
12.4
842.2
625.9
718.9
6500
330
445
7.2
1.348
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
112
0.057
21.1
14.4
19.6
17.0
615.3
452.7
523.1
4630
241
204
10.0
0.852
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
61
0.048
21.5
14.5
20.6
17.4
610.8
431.1
510.9
4368
48.7
244
219
9.6
0.880
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
75
0.047
19.6
13.3
18.6
15.9
663.0
475.6
559.7
5696
64.3
346
345
7.7
0.998
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
334
0.068
20.8
14.1
19.8
16.8
629.8
447.0
528.0
5504
65.3
326
324
7.9
0.992
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
580
0.096
20.8
14.1
19.8
16.9
628.1
445.5
526.8
5522
66.5
326
331
7.8
1.012
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
528
0.061
20.5
13.9
19.6
16.7
634.5
450.2
532.3
5504
66.9
331
344
7.5
1.034
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
546
0.060
20.8
14.1
19.9
16.9
627.7
444.0
525.5
5522
67.1
331
343
7.5
1.035
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
296
0.053
20.5
14.0
19.5
16.6
633.9
453.7
534.1
5722
66.9
350
363
7.0
1.038
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
190
0.018
21.6
14.6
20.5
17.5
608.3
432.0
508.4
5499
66.9
348
360
6.8
1.035
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
240
0.020
21.6
14.7
20.6
17.5
605.8
432.0
507.0
5504
66.6
348
361
6.8
1.038
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
269
0.020
21.7
14.6
20.6
17.5
607.2
431.8
507.4
5521
66.8
348
386
6.5
1.110
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
-
0.011
21.8
14.7
20.8
17.7
602.7
427.3
503.1
5508
66.6
348
395
6.4
1.136
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
473
0.384
19.3
13.4
17.7
15.5
653.9
493.1
571.7
5393
299
278
8.9
0.935
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
900
0.451
20.2
14.0
18.4
16.2
626.7
475.8
549.1
4946
275
263
8.6
0.969
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
1040
0.537
20.3
14.1
18.5
16.3
622.0
472.7
545.8
4887
267
257
8.8
0.974
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
732
0.515
20.0
13.8
18.3
16.1
630.0
475.9
552.5
5149
281
278
8.7
0.998
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
617
0.519
20.2
13.9
18.6
16.2
624.5
469.2
547.2
5204
63.3
283
293
8.7
1.036
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
290
0.635
22.0
15.2
20.1
17.6
571.2
434.4
504.1
4897
59.1
256
254
8.8
1.000
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
460
0.687
21.5
14.7
19.7
17.2
596.3
445.6
516.0
5090
61.9
269
281
8.4
1.042
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
580
0.679
21.5
14.9
19.7
17.3
591.7
445.9
513.7
5195
63.0
269
298
8.2
1.102
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
616
0.677
21.9
15.1
20.1
17.6
582.1
439.2
505.7
5092
61.5
266
291
8.3
1.092
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
734
0.605
22.2
15.3
20.4
17.8
576.1
432.1
498.3
5234
63.3
268
311
8.1
1.149
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
750
0.545
22.0
15.1
20.2
17.6
583.0
436.3
504.3
5302
64.0
272
315
8.0
1.152
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-49 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
440
0.533
22.7
15.7
20.5
18.1
558.8
427.0
490.3
4812
60.9
251
270
8.4
1.074
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
517
0.478
23.5
16.2
21.2
18.7
540.2
412.4
475.1
4888
61.2
242
288
8.0
1.198
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
592
0.461
23.9
16.4
21.5
19.0
531.5
408.1
468.7
4858
60.8
236
287
8.0
1.225
Pickup
Port, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.438
24.8
17.0
22.3
19.6
517.3
393.4
452.5
4907
63.9
218
325
7.1
1.560
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
1999
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2000
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2001
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2002
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2003
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2004
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2005
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2006
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2007
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2008
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2009
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2010
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2011
113
0.154
22.6
15.4
21.1
18.2
578.2
420.5
488.6
5877
68.2
214
360
7.3
1.682
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2012
140
0.225
22.1
15.1
20.6
17.8
588.8
431.3
499.7
5901
68.4
214
360
7.3
1.686
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2013
241
0.305
22.3
15.2
20.8
17.9
584.8
426.5
495.2
5912
68.4
214
365
7.3
1.709
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2014
178
0.327
22.2
15.1
20.8
17.9
588.5
427.4
497.2
5905
68.2
214
365
7.3
1.709
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2015
344
0.356
25.2
17.2
22.8
20.0
514.2
386.9
444.0
4825
65.4
196
329
7.1
1.698
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2016
475
0.427
25.4
17.4
23.1
20.2
509.5
382.9
439.7
4784
63.9
195
320
7.3
1.660
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2017
458
0.440
25.4
17.3
23.2
20.2
510.6
381.1
439.4
4950
64.2
213
335
6.9
1.624
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Multi-Valve
2018
-
0.447
24.5
16.7
22.5
19.6
528.9
390.7
454.4
4941
59.6
237
325
7.1
1.394
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
1999
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2000
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2001
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2002
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2003
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2004
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2005
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2006
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2007
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2008
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2009
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2010
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2011
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2012
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2013
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2014
691
0.047
23.9
16.2
22.3
19.2
549.3
397.6
463.3
5463
67.8
313
335
7.6
1.072
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2015
640
0.062
24.0
16.2
22.4
19.2
548.8
396.0
462.0
5486
67.1
317
340
7.5
1.072
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2016
476
0.052
23.5
15.9
22.1
18.9
556.8
402.1
469.4
5629
66.6
317
339
7.5
1.071
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2017
577
0.054
23.3
15.8
21.8
18.7
562.1
407.0
474.7
5692
67.6
323
347
7.5
1.074
Pickup
GDI, Variable Valve Timing, Two-Valve
2018
-
0.052
23.3
15.8
21.7
18.7
562.1
409.1
475.9
5701
67.6
325
357
7.3
1.098
Pickup
Diesel
1999
0
0.001
18.9
13.5
17.7
15.5
754.6
575.4
658.7
6000
395
180
13.2
0.456
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 1-51 March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
SrEPA
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Supplemental Table I: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves
Fuel Economy (MPG)
COz Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Model
Prod
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Vol
0-60
Vehicle Type
Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder
Year
(000)
Frac
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft')
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
HP/CID
Pickup
Diesel
2000
Pickup
Diesel
2001
Pickup
Diesel
2002
Pickup
Diesel
2003
Pickup
Diesel
2004
Pickup
Diesel
2005
Pickup
Diesel
2006
Pickup
Diesel
2007
Pickup
Diesel
2008
Pickup
Diesel
2009
Pickup
Diesel
2010
Pickup
Diesel
2011
Pickup
Diesel
2012
Pickup
Diesel
2013
Pickup
Diesel
2014
Pickup
Diesel
2015
32
0.009
28.6
19.3
25.8
22.6
526.3
394.0
451.2
5973
67.3
183
230
10.0
1.256
Pickup
Diesel
2016
43
0.005
29.0
19.5
26.4
22.9
522.1
384.9
444.9
5662
63.6
179
215
10.4
1.196
Pickup
Diesel
2017
26
0.003
29.0
19.3
27.0
23.0
526.6
376.8
441.8
5503
63.3
177
207
10.6
1.163
Pickup
Diesel
2018
-
0.009
30.0
20.1
27.1
23.6
506.5
374.0
432.2
5502
63.4
179
221
9.9
1.236
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
1-53
March 2019
-------
x>EPA
UniKHi S«n«»
E rtv
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
21.6
25.8
22.4
19.4
16.6
15.0
13.9
12.5
15.1
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
29.4
26.8
26.9
23.4
20.4
17.9
16.3
14.8
13.5
16.6
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
31.4
26.6
28.6
25.6
20.7
18.0
17.0
14.8
13.3
17.7
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
30.7
27.7
26.5
20.3
18.1
16.3
15.3
12.4
19.0
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
33.5
28.7
26.1
20.3
17.7
16.8
18.9
11.2
19.1
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
29.9
27.4
26.1
23.9
20.9
19.1
19.1
13.2
21.9
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
31.6
29.4
27.3
25.2
22.4
20.9
20.5
12.3
23.2
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
34.3
32.4
28.8
27.2
22.5
20.8
21.0
11.8
24.2
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
34.7
33.0
30.0
26.5
22.6
20.4
19.8
11.8
23.5
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
35.6
33.7
30.9
26.6
22.5
20.7
20.2
11.8
24.4
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
57.4
40.8
33.9
30.9
27.4
23.4
22.4
21.0
25.5
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
56.6
40.5
34.8
30.3
27.8
24.4
23.0
22.0
27.0
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
57.0
46.1
39.6
34.4
31.6
28.6
24.6
22.5
22.3
27.2
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
51.5
45.7
40.0
34.9
32.1
28.7
25.8
22.9
22.9
28.1
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
59.5
48.1
40.4
33.9
31.9
28.3
25.2
23.1
22.4
27.4
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
65.3
52.2
35.4
32.0
28.5
25.8
22.6
21.3
27.3
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
65.3
48.9
36.3
31.5
27.8
25.4
23.1
22.4
27.2
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
65.3
47.8
34.6
31.7
27.8
25.1
22.8
22.7
26.7
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
65.3
50.5
35.5
31.5
28.1
25.8
22.8
22.5
17.6
17.6
27.3
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
65.8
49.1
35.3
32.2
29.2
25.7
23.1
22.9
18.3
27.5
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
54.5
39.5
36.4
33.1
29.8
25.9
23.3
22.8
18.6
27.3
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
37.2
33.3
30.4
26.3
24.2
23.2
18.2
27.9
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
54.4
37.9
37.0
33.1
30.4
26.6
24.1
19.5
28.2
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
53.6
38.6
37.3
33.6
30.1
26.4
24.0
17.2
27.6
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
50.3
38.1
36.9
34.5
30.4
26.5
24.2
19.3
27.4
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
50.8
37.8
37.0
35.2
30.4
26.9
25.1
18.3
27.6
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
37.3
36.7
35.3
31.0
27.5
25.3
18.3
28.1
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
36.7
35.0
30.5
27.9
25.5
18.2
28.5
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
32.3
28.2
25.6
18.6
28.6
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
34.5
32.6
28.4
25.4
20.0
19.3
29.1
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
34.3
32.9
29.0
25.6
20.4
20.1
19.0
29.0
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
32.9
32.7
29.2
25.9
22.4
17.9
28.6
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
34.4
32.7
29.3
26.4
22.5
19.9
18.4
28.8
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
34.6
34.0
29.2
26.7
23.1
18.4
18.4
18.0
28.6
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
35.5
35.1
31.9
26.8
22.8
17.6
17.4
30.0
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
36.0
36.0
32.2
27.0
25.5
18.3
29.8
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
36.3
44.2
33.5
27.8
24.8
21.8
18.5
30.0
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
39.1
35.4
28.9
24.5
32.4
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
43.3
38.8
35.4
30.2
23.9
21.7
21.7
32.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-l March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
45.6
39.1
36.7
30.2
24.1
23.1
21.7
34.0
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
45.6
39.8
37.6
30.0
24.1
23.1
20.7
34.2
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
47.3
43.5
36.8
30.7
26.1
21.7
21.9
35.1
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
47.2
44.5
37.4
35.2
26.7
21.7
21.7
38.5
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
45.4
43.2
38.0
35.2
26.8
21.7
21.7
38.0
GM
Car
Car SUV
1975
15.6
15.6
GM
Car
Car SUV
1976
14.3
17.3
16.9
GM
Car
Car SUV
1977
18.0
18.0
GM
Car
Car SUV
1978
17.6
17.6
GM
Car
Car SUV
1979
GM
Car
Car SUV
1980
GM
Car
Car SUV
1981
GM
Car
Car SUV
1982
25.8
16.6
19.3
22.0
GM
Car
Car SUV
1983
25.1
25.1
GM
Car
Car SUV
1984
28.3
23.5
23.6
GM
Car
Car SUV
1985
23.5
23.5
GM
Car
Car SUV
1986
22.2
22.2
GM
Car
Car SUV
1987
23.0
23.0
GM
Car
Car SUV
1988
23.1
23.1
GM
Car
Car SUV
1989
23.0
23.0
GM
Car
Car SUV
1990
22.7
22.7
GM
Car
Car SUV
1991
30.1
23.3
21.1
22.7
GM
Car
Car SUV
1992
29.3
22.6
20.6
22.5
GM
Car
Car SUV
1993
29.2
22.9
22.4
23.6
GM
Car
Car SUV
1994
28.9
28.7
22.3
21.5
22.7
GM
Car
Car SUV
1995
29.6
21.7
22.8
GM
Car
Car SUV
1996
28.3
28.2
22.0
22.8
GM
Car
Car SUV
1997
27.9
28.5
21.6
22.0
GM
Car
Car SUV
1998
28.5
27.7
25.9
21.8
22.5
GM
Car
Car SUV
1999
31.0
28.6
25.2
21.5
22.3
GM
Car
Car SUV
2000
31.1
28.6
21.7
22.1
GM
Car
Car SUV
2001
31.0
28.6
26.3
22.9
24.0
GM
Car
Car SUV
2002
31.9
27.9
23.3
24.1
GM
Car
Car SUV
2003
28.4
27.4
23.8
25.9
GM
Car
Car SUV
2004
28.8
25.0
20.6
24.7
GM
Car
Car SUV
2005
28.9
25.0
21.9
19.1
24.8
GM
Car
Car SUV
2006
29.6
24.9
21.8
20.7
25.1
GM
Car
Car SUV
2007
30.7
25.1
21.5
20.6
25.4
GM
Car
Car SUV
2008
25.9
21.5
20.9
25.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-2 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
Car
Car SUV
2009
26.5
22.7
19.2
25.8
GM
Car
Car SUV
2010
31.8
25.2
23.0
29.4
GM
Car
Car SUV
2011
32.5
30.9
25.6
23.0
29.8
GM
Car
Car SUV
2012
30.9
24.5
29.0
GM
Car
Car SUV
2013
36.9
33.4
24.4
31.2
GM
Car
Car SUV
2014
36.9
33.6
24.6
22.9
31.3
GM
Car
Car SUV
2015
37.3
33.4
25.0
31.7
GM
Car
Car SUV
2016
37.6
33.2
24.2
24.1
31.7
GM
Car
Car SUV
2017
38.2
33.6
23.9
33.6
GM
Car
Car SUV
2018
38.2
35.3
37.5
GM
Car
All
1975
21.6
25.8
22.4
19.4
16.6
15.0
13.9
12.5
15.1
GM
Car
All
1976
29.4
26.8
26.9
23.4
20.4
17.9
16.3
14.8
13.5
16.6
GM
Car
All
1977
31.4
26.6
28.6
25.6
20.7
18.0
17.0
14.8
13.3
17.7
GM
Car
All
1978
30.7
27.7
26.5
20.3
18.1
16.3
15.3
12.4
19.0
GM
Car
All
1979
33.5
28.7
26.1
20.3
17.7
16.8
18.9
11.2
19.1
GM
Car
All
1980
29.9
27.4
26.1
23.9
20.9
19.1
19.1
13.2
21.9
GM
Car
All
1981
31.6
29.4
27.3
25.2
22.4
20.9
20.5
12.3
23.2
GM
Car
All
1982
34.3
32.4
28.8
27.2
22.5
20.8
21.0
11.8
24.2
GM
Car
All
1983
34.7
33.0
30.0
26.5
22.7
20.4
19.8
11.8
23.5
GM
Car
All
1984
35.6
33.7
30.9
26.6
22.6
20.7
20.2
11.8
24.4
GM
Car
All
1985
57.4
40.8
33.9
30.9
27.4
23.4
22.4
21.0
25.5
GM
Car
All
1986
56.6
40.5
34.8
30.3
27.8
24.4
23.0
22.0
27.0
GM
Car
All
1987
57.0
46.1
39.6
34.4
31.6
28.6
24.5
22.5
22.3
27.2
GM
Car
All
1988
51.5
45.7
40.0
34.9
32.1
28.7
25.7
22.9
22.9
28.1
GM
Car
All
1989
59.5
48.1
40.4
33.9
31.9
28.3
25.1
23.1
22.4
27.4
GM
Car
All
1990
65.3
52.2
35.4
32.0
28.5
25.7
22.6
21.3
27.2
GM
Car
All
1991
65.3
48.9
35.7
31.5
27.8
25.3
23.0
22.4
27.0
GM
Car
All
1992
65.3
47.8
33.7
31.7
27.8
25.1
22.6
22.7
26.6
GM
Car
All
1993
65.3
50.5
34.5
31.5
28.1
25.8
22.7
22.5
17.6
17.6
27.2
GM
Car
All
1994
65.8
49.1
34.1
32.2
29.2
25.6
22.8
22.9
18.3
27.3
GM
Car
All
1995
54.5
39.5
35.4
33.1
29.8
25.9
23.0
22.8
18.6
27.2
GM
Car
All
1996
37.2
33.0
30.4
26.3
23.6
23.2
18.2
27.6
GM
Car
All
1997
54.4
37.9
36.7
33.1
30.4
26.6
23.6
19.5
27.9
GM
Car
All
1998
53.6
38.6
36.7
33.6
30.1
26.4
23.5
17.2
27.3
GM
Car
All
1999
50.3
38.1
36.9
34.5
30.4
26.5
23.5
19.3
27.2
GM
Car
All
2000
50.8
37.8
37.0
35.2
30.4
26.9
24.3
18.3
27.2
GM
Car
All
2001
37.3
36.7
35.3
30.8
27.5
24.7
18.3
27.7
GM
Car
All
2002
36.7
35.0
30.5
27.9
24.9
18.2
28.2
GM
Car
All
2003
32.2
28.2
25.3
18.6
28.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-3 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
Car
All
2004
34.5
32.6
28.4
25.3
20.6
20.0
19.3
28.7
GM
Car
All
2005
34.3
32.9
29.0
25.4
21.5
19.1
20.1
19.0
28.3
GM
Car
All
2006
32.9
32.7
29.3
25.6
22.1
20.7
17.9
28.0
GM
Car
All
2007
34.4
32.7
29.4
26.2
22.0
20.6
18.4
28.4
GM
Car
All
2008
34.6
34.0
29.2
26.5
22.7
20.8
18.4
18.0
28.1
GM
Car
All
2009
35.5
35.1
31.9
26.8
22.8
19.2
17.6
17.4
29.7
GM
Car
All
2010
36.0
36.0
32.2
28.2
25.3
23.0
18.3
29.7
GM
Car
All
2011
36.3
44.2
33.4
28.8
25.2
22.5
18.5
29.9
GM
Car
All
2012
39.1
35.4
29.8
24.5
31.3
GM
Car
All
2013
43.3
38.8
35.5
31.4
24.2
21.7
21.7
32.5
GM
Car
All
2014
45.6
39.1
36.7
31.3
24.5
22.9
23.1
21.7
33.3
GM
Car
All
2015
45.6
39.8
37.6
31.4
24.9
23.1
20.7
33.3
GM
Car
All
2016
47.3
43.5
37.0
31.6
24.5
24.1
21.7
21.9
34.1
GM
Car
All
2017
47.2
44.5
37.6
34.4
24.7
21.7
21.7
36.9
GM
Car
All
2018
45.4
43.2
38.1
35.2
26.8
21.7
21.7
37.9
GM
Truck
Van
1975
15.3
12.4
12.7
11.1
10.6
14.4
GM
Truck
Van
1976
15.1
12.6
12.6
11.1
11.9
11.5
14.0
GM
Truck
Van
1977
16.6
13.4
13.3
13.0
12.3
15.0
GM
Truck
Van
1978
16.4
12.8
12.4
12.5
11.7
14.1
GM
Truck
Van
1979
18.6
14.5
13.3
12.8
14.7
GM
Truck
Van
1980
18.5
16.0
14.3
16.7
GM
Truck
Van
1981
19.3
17.7
15.8
18.0
GM
Truck
Van
1982
19.6
17.7
16.0
11.9
11.9
17.9
GM
Truck
Van
1983
19.7
18.5
19.7
20.1
18.9
GM
Truck
Van
1984
20.0
18.1
17.3
17.3
18.2
GM
Truck
Van
1985
23.9
21.8
16.7
16.8
13.9
21.3
18.7
GM
Truck
Van
1986
26.4
21.4
17.3
17.0
13.9
23.1
19.4
GM
Truck
Van
1987
24.7
21.7
17.4
17.4
17.0
22.9
19.8
GM
Truck
Van
1988
25.5
21.9
17.9
18.1
17.3
21.7
20.2
GM
Truck
Van
1989
24.4
22.2
17.9
17.6
17.5
21.3
20.2
GM
Truck
Van
1990
23.5
22.6
19.2
18.3
17.3
21.5
20.7
GM
Truck
Van
1991
23.7
22.9
19.5
17.4
17.2
20.4
20.8
GM
Truck
Van
1992
23.7
22.5
19.8
19.2
16.7
20.1
20.8
GM
Truck
Van
1993
23.7
22.5
20.0
19.1
16.9
21.3
20.7
GM
Truck
Van
1994
23.7
22.7
20.0
19.1
17.2
20.6
21.0
GM
Truck
Van
1995
23.7
22.8
19.5
18.5
17.7
20.4
20.6
GM
Truck
Van
1996
28.1
23.8
21.1
18.7
17.6
17.3
21.5
GM
Truck
Van
1997
24.9
23.8
21.2
19.2
18.4
21.9
GM
Truck
Van
1998
27.0
23.8
21.4
18.6
18.0
22.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-4 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
Truck
Van
1999
26.9
24.2
20.9
18.4
17.9
22.0
GM
Truck
Van
2000
24.4
20.9
18.5
17.4
22.1
GM
Truck
Van
2001
25.3
21.1
18.4
17.8
22.9
GM
Truck
Van
2002
25.2
20.5
17.8
18.1
22.3
GM
Truck
Van
2003
25.4
21.8
19.0
19.0
18.5
23.2
GM
Truck
Van
2004
25.2
20.9
19.4
19.0
19.2
23.1
GM
Truck
Van
2005
24.4
23.2
20.1
19.5
18.6
22.6
GM
Truck
Van
2006
24.4
20.5
19.4
18.8
22.9
GM
Truck
Van
2007
24.1
20.4
19.2
18.1
22.6
GM
Truck
Van
2008
24.0
21.0
19.3
17.6
22.8
GM
Truck
Van
2009
21.5
17.8
17.7
20.0
GM
Truck
Van
2010
21.7
18.6
18.4
20.1
GM
Truck
Van
2011
21.7
18.6
18.1
16.1
15.5
19.7
GM
Truck
Van
2012
21.7
18.5
18.3
16.5
15.1
14.5
20.1
GM
Truck
Van
2013
21.7
18.6
18.4
16.5
15.2
20.0
GM
Truck
Van
2014
20.0
18.5
18.3
16.4
15.3
19.1
GM
Truck
Van
2015
16.5
15.4
16.2
GM
Truck
Van
2016
16.0
15.5
15.8
GM
Truck
Van
2017
15.5
15.3
15.4
GM
Truck
Van
2018
34.8
34.8
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
14.0
11.2
10.2
10.3
11.7
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
14.8
12.7
11.4
11.9
13.0
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
15.9
12.9
11.5
11.9
14.6
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
15.1
12.6
11.6
11.4
14.0
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
12.3
11.7
10.6
11.3
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
16.4
14.6
13.8
13.4
14.5
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
17.2
16.4
14.1
16.2
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
18.9
17.1
21.2
21.2
19.2
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
23.6
22.0
17.0
20.2
20.8
20.2
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
23.0
22.1
17.1
17.9
21.0
20.0
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
23.2
22.0
17.0
16.1
21.4
20.1
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
22.5
20.3
17.1
15.7
22.1
19.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
21.7
20.7
16.6
16.8
20.9
19.3
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
21.2
16.5
16.5
18.3
19.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
31.3
20.6
21.5
16.8
17.5
15.8
20.0
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
31.3
28.7
20.6
20.6
16.6
17.3
16.0
19.6
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
28.9
20.6
21.1
16.5
17.2
15.7
20.2
20.5
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
28.9
20.6
20.2
18.9
16.1
16.3
14.9
19.2
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
29.0
21.5
20.3
16.9
16.8
15.8
19.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-5 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
28.7
20.3
21.0
16.9
16.8
16.1
19.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
29.0
28.4
20.1
21.3
17.7
16.9
15.7
19.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
28.2
28.1
21.9
21.0
18.4
17.4
16.8
19.8
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
28.1
27.9
21.4
21.0
19.1
17.8
16.7
19.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
28.4
27.7
21.3
21.2
18.1
17.4
16.8
20.3
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
28.5
27.7
21.1
20.5
18.0
17.8
19.8
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
28.1
27.6
19.7
20.8
17.2
18.2
16.8
19.5
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
27.7
22.4
22.7
20.1
18.4
17.0
18.8
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
27.8
25.9
21.9
20.6
19.5
18.7
18.0
19.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
27.9
25.3
23.4
20.8
19.6
18.9
17.7
19.1
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
25.0
24.7
21.6
20.3
19.1
17.7
19.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
27.5
24.7
21.9
20.0
19.1
18.5
19.5
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
24.4
21.4
20.3
19.4
18.2
20.2
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
30.1
24.5
19.7
20.9
20.1
20.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
32.5
24.8
21.8
21.9
20.0
21.2
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
32.4
24.8
22.8
23.4
21.8
20.2
22.4
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
32.5
24.3
24.4
22.7
21.7
23.3
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
32.5
24.3
22.9
21.7
18.6
15.4
22.7
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
24.4
21.7
18.7
15.4
23.2
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
33.8
30.8
24.6
23.6
21.7
18.6
15.4
23.7
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
33.8
30.8
24.6
23.5
21.8
18.4
24.8
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
35.7
30.8
27.6
24.5
23.2
22.3
24.9
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
35.6
30.8
29.8
22.3
24.2
22.9
22.6
24.3
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
35.7
30.9
28.0
22.3
23.2
22.2
25.2
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
35.5
32.6
27.5
25.9
23.1
21.9
27.7
GM
Truck
Pickup
1975
22.3
15.0
15.1
11.3
11.0
10.5
14.3
GM
Truck
Pickup
1976
25.0
15.8
15.8
12.5
11.9
11.8
14.6
GM
Truck
Pickup
1977
25.1
24.3
16.5
16.5
13.4
13.1
11.8
15.2
GM
Truck
Pickup
1978
27.0
25.0
18.1
15.3
13.5
12.7
12.0
12.7
11.8
14.7
GM
Truck
Pickup
1979
27.4
23.4
19.8
17.9
15.0
13.7
12.1
10.9
15.2
GM
Truck
Pickup
1980
27.7
24.6
19.9
18.7
16.7
16.8
13.5
9.9
12.0
18.5
GM
Truck
Pickup
1981
28.5
30.0
21.4
19.3
18.0
18.2
20.0
GM
Truck
Pickup
1982
29.9
26.0
21.0
19.6
18.4
20.6
22.4
21.9
GM
Truck
Pickup
1983
32.3
26.7
24.0
19.6
18.2
19.1
22.1
21.3
GM
Truck
Pickup
1984
31.1
25.5
23.3
19.9
18.0
18.0
21.9
20.7
GM
Truck
Pickup
1985
31.0
26.1
23.1
20.5
17.3
17.1
21.1
19.6
20.4
GM
Truck
Pickup
1986
30.2
26.7
22.0
20.5
17.8
17.0
21.1
20.8
GM
Truck
Pickup
1987
30.0
26.6
22.1
20.5
17.7
16.5
21.1
21.3
GM
Truck
Pickup
1988
28.3
22.8
20.2
17.9
17.0
16.9
19.6
20.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-6 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
Truck
Pickup
1989
27.9
22.7
20.8
17.8
16.8
19.2
21.2
20.5
GM
Truck
Pickup
1990
27.4
22.4
20.3
17.6
17.0
18.6
20.5
19.2
GM
Truck
Pickup
1991
26.9
23.5
20.9
18.2
16.6
17.6
19.5
21.4
GM
Truck
Pickup
1992
26.2
23.3
21.3
18.5
16.8
16.4
20.3
GM
Truck
Pickup
1993
25.4
23.6
21.6
19.2
17.1
17.1
20.2
GM
Truck
Pickup
1994
28.1
25.2
21.4
18.5
17.0
17.4
18.1
20.0
GM
Truck
Pickup
1995
27.2
26.5
21.4
18.5
16.9
17.5
18.1
20.2
GM
Truck
Pickup
1996
31.3
28.3
22.5
19.9
18.1
18.1
18.7
21.3
GM
Truck
Pickup
1997
31.3
27.6
22.2
20.5
18.8
17.6
18.7
20.5
GM
Truck
Pickup
1998
27.8
21.8
20.0
17.8
17.4
19.0
21.1
GM
Truck
Pickup
1999
27.1
21.1
20.4
18.7
16.9
16.9
19.8
GM
Truck
Pickup
2000
25.5
20.9
20.5
18.9
16.4
20.8
GM
Truck
Pickup
2001
24.8
20.8
20.8
19.4
16.3
20.4
GM
Truck
Pickup
2002
22.4
22.2
19.8
18.9
17.9
17.9
19.1
GM
Truck
Pickup
2003
25.3
22.5
20.2
19.0
17.4
18.1
20.1
GM
Truck
Pickup
2004
24.7
24.2
20.8
19.5
18.5
18.8
20.0
GM
Truck
Pickup
2005
25.2
24.0
21.1
19.8
19.4
18.5
20.4
GM
Truck
Pickup
2006
25.0
24.2
21.4
20.3
19.3
18.6
20.7
GM
Truck
Pickup
2007
22.5
22.1
21.1
20.3
19.9
20.4
20.3
GM
Truck
Pickup
2008
24.5
23.7
21.7
20.7
20.6
20.0
20.9
GM
Truck
Pickup
2009
25.8
24.7
22.5
20.9
20.5
19.7
20.8
GM
Truck
Pickup
2010
26.7
25.3
22.3
21.0
21.4
19.1
21.5
GM
Truck
Pickup
2011
26.6
25.5
22.0
21.1
21.4
19.8
21.4
GM
Truck
Pickup
2012
26.8
25.5
22.5
21.3
21.5
19.5
21.8
GM
Truck
Pickup
2013
21.3
21.1
21.6
19.4
21.4
GM
Truck
Pickup
2014
26.2
25.2
23.8
22.3
23.9
GM
Truck
Pickup
2015
29.3
26.3
25.3
23.9
22.8
24.3
GM
Truck
Pickup
2016
29.2
26.3
25.7
23.9
22.6
24.4
GM
Truck
Pickup
2017
28.8
25.6
25.5
23.8
22.6
23.8
GM
Truck
Pickup
2018
28.7
25.7
25.4
23.9
22.5
23.9
GM
Truck
All
1975
22.3
15.0
15.2
11.9
11.2
10.5
10.9
10.6
14.1
GM
Truck
All
1976
25.0
15.8
15.6
12.7
12.3
11.7
11.9
11.5
14.3
GM
Truck
All
1977
25.1
24.3
16.5
16.5
13.9
13.1
11.7
12.4
12.3
15.1
GM
Truck
All
1978
27.0
25.0
18.1
15.5
13.6
12.6
12.0
11.8
11.7
14.5
GM
Truck
All
1979
27.4
23.4
19.8
18.0
14.9
13.1
11.4
10.9
14.5
GM
Truck
All
1980
27.7
24.6
19.9
18.6
16.5
16.1
13.6
12.9
12.0
17.9
GM
Truck
All
1981
28.5
30.0
21.4
19.3
17.9
17.2
14.1
19.4
GM
Truck
All
1982
29.9
26.0
21.0
19.6
18.2
19.3
21.7
21.1
21.0
GM
Truck
All
1983
32.3
26.7
24.0
20.4
18.3
18.5
20.7
20.8
20.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-7 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
Truck
All
1984
31.1
25.5
23.3
21.0
18.0
17.5
18.7
21.0
20.1
GM
Truck
All
1985
31.0
26.1
23.2
21.6
17.1
17.0
16.7
21.4
20.0
GM
Truck
All
1986
30.2
26.7
22.5
20.8
17.6
17.1
16.1
22.2
20.1
GM
Truck
All
1987
30.0
26.6
22.1
21.2
17.6
16.7
16.9
21.2
20.4
GM
Truck
All
1988
28.3
22.8
21.2
17.9
17.0
16.6
18.7
20.2
GM
Truck
All
1989
31.3
27.9
22.7
21.5
17.8
16.8
17.6
15.8
20.3
GM
Truck
All
1990
31.3
28.7
27.4
22.3
21.2
18.3
17.0
17.4
16.0
19.7
GM
Truck
All
1991
28.9
26.9
23.5
21.4
18.8
16.6
17.2
15.8
20.2
21.1
GM
Truck
All
1992
28.9
26.2
23.3
21.3
19.1
17.1
16.3
14.9
20.2
GM
Truck
All
1993
29.0
25.4
23.6
21.9
19.6
17.3
16.8
15.8
20.1
GM
Truck
All
1994
28.7
28.1
25.2
21.7
19.6
17.2
16.9
16.2
20.1
GM
Truck
All
1995
29.0
28.4
27.2
26.5
21.6
19.6
17.1
16.9
15.8
20.0
GM
Truck
All
1996
28.2
28.2
28.3
22.8
20.6
18.2
17.5
16.8
20.7
GM
Truck
All
1997
28.1
28.1
27.5
23.0
20.9
18.9
17.7
16.7
20.4
GM
Truck
All
1998
28.4
27.7
27.8
22.8
20.8
18.0
17.4
18.0
21.1
GM
Truck
All
1999
28.5
27.2
23.1
20.5
18.5
17.6
16.9
20.2
GM
Truck
All
2000
28.1
25.6
23.4
20.7
18.8
18.1
16.8
20.6
GM
Truck
All
2001
27.7
24.1
23.7
20.4
19.3
18.3
17.0
20.0
GM
Truck
All
2002
27.8
24.6
24.1
20.4
18.9
18.6
18.0
19.6
GM
Truck
All
2003
27.9
25.3
24.6
20.7
19.2
18.7
17.8
20.0
GM
Truck
All
2004
24.9
24.8
21.2
19.8
18.9
17.9
19.9
GM
Truck
All
2005
25.3
24.2
22.0
19.9
19.2
18.5
20.2
GM
Truck
All
2006
25.0
24.2
22.3
20.3
19.3
18.3
20.7
GM
Truck
All
2007
23.1
22.8
21.6
20.6
19.9
20.1
20.5
GM
Truck
All
2008
26.8
23.9
22.6
21.6
20.5
20.0
21.2
GM
Truck
All
2009
28.3
24.7
22.6
22.8
20.6
20.0
21.4
GM
Truck
All
2010
28.5
25.2
22.3
23.8
21.5
21.1
22.3
GM
Truck
All
2011
28.1
25.5
22.0
23.7
21.4
21.4
18.6
15.4
22.0
GM
Truck
All
2012
26.8
25.5
22.5
23.9
21.4
21.5
18.6
15.3
14.5
22.4
GM
Truck
All
2013
33.8
30.8
21.3
23.6
21.7
21.5
18.6
15.4
22.6
GM
Truck
All
2014
33.8
30.8
26.2
24.5
23.8
21.9
18.3
15.3
24.1
GM
Truck
All
2015
35.7
30.6
26.3
24.6
23.9
23.2
22.1
15.4
24.6
GM
Truck
All
2016
35.6
30.3
26.5
23.0
24.0
22.8
22.5
15.5
24.4
GM
Truck
All
2017
35.7
30.6
27.2
22.9
23.8
22.9
22.1
15.3
24.5
GM
Truck
All
2018
35.4
32.1
26.8
25.6
23.9
22.7
21.9
25.7
GM
All
All
1975
21.6
23.3
22.4
18.0
15.9
14.7
13.4
12.4
10.9
10.6
14.9
GM
All
All
1976
29.4
26.8
25.3
23.4
18.9
17.0
15.8
14.2
13.3
11.9
11.5
16.1
GM
All
All
1977
31.4
26.6
25.2
25.5
19.8
17.6
16.5
14.0
12.3
12.4
12.3
17.2
GM
All
All
1978
30.7
27.7
27.0
26.2
20.3
17.4
15.2
13.0
12.2
11.8
11.7
17.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-8 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
All
All
1979
33.5
28.7
27.4
25.2
20.3
17.7
16.0
13.3
11.4
10.9
18.0
GM
All
All
1980
29.9
27.4
26.3
23.9
20.9
19.0
18.1
16.0
13.6
12.9
12.0
21.3
GM
All
All
1981
31.6
29.4
27.5
25.4
22.4
20.5
19.4
17.1
14.1
22.6
GM
All
All
1982
34.3
32.4
28.9
27.0
22.4
20.6
19.3
19.2
21.7
21.1
23.5
GM
All
All
1983
34.7
33.0
30.1
26.6
22.8
20.4
18.9
18.5
20.7
20.8
22.9
GM
All
All
1984
35.6
33.7
30.9
26.5
22.6
20.8
18.7
17.5
18.7
21.0
23.5
GM
All
All
1985
57.4
40.8
33.9
30.9
27.2
23.4
22.2
17.8
17.0
16.7
21.4
24.0
GM
All
All
1986
56.6
40.5
34.8
30.3
27.7
24.2
21.8
18.4
17.1
16.1
22.2
25.1
GM
All
All
1987
57.0
46.1
39.6
34.4
31.5
28.3
24.3
21.8
18.4
16.7
16.9
21.2
25.3
GM
All
All
1988
51.5
45.7
40.0
34.9
32.1
28.6
25.4
21.6
18.6
17.0
16.6
18.7
25.2
GM
All
All
1989
59.5
48.1
40.4
33.2
31.9
28.2
24.9
21.7
18.4
16.8
17.6
15.8
24.8
GM
All
All
1990
65.3
52.2
34.6
31.9
28.4
25.5
21.7
18.6
17.0
17.4
16.0
24.5
GM
All
All
1991
65.3
48.9
35.7
31.4
27.6
25.0
22.2
19.2
16.6
17.2
15.8
20.2
24.8
GM
All
All
1992
65.3
47.8
33.7
31.5
27.5
24.9
21.9
19.7
17.1
16.3
14.9
24.2
GM
All
All
1993
65.3
50.5
34.5
31.4
27.6
25.6
22.3
19.9
17.3
16.9
15.9
24.3
GM
All
All
1994
65.8
49.1
34.1
32.0
29.2
25.6
22.2
19.9
17.2
16.9
16.2
24.1
GM
All
All
1995
54.5
39.5
35.4
32.5
29.8
26.0
22.4
19.8
17.1
17.0
15.8
23.9
GM
All
All
1996
37.2
32.6
30.4
26.6
23.4
20.8
18.2
17.5
16.8
24.7
GM
All
All
1997
54.4
37.9
36.7
32.9
30.4
26.7
23.3
20.9
18.9
17.7
16.7
24.4
GM
All
All
1998
53.6
38.6
36.7
33.4
30.1
26.6
23.2
20.8
18.0
17.4
18.0
24.5
GM
All
All
1999
50.3
38.1
36.9
34.5
30.3
26.5
23.3
20.5
18.5
17.6
16.9
23.7
GM
All
All
2000
50.8
37.8
37.0
35.2
30.3
26.7
24.0
20.7
18.8
18.1
16.8
23.8
GM
All
All
2001
37.3
36.7
35.3
30.7
27.1
24.3
20.4
19.3
18.3
17.0
23.8
GM
All
All
2002
36.7
35.0
30.5
27.8
24.7
20.4
18.9
18.6
18.0
23.2
GM
All
All
2003
32.2
27.7
25.1
20.7
19.2
18.7
17.8
23.1
GM
All
All
2004
34.5
32.6
28.2
25.1
21.2
19.8
18.9
17.9
23.4
GM
All
All
2005
34.3
32.9
28.8
25.2
22.0
19.9
19.2
18.5
23.8
GM
All
All
2006
32.9
32.7
29.0
25.5
22.3
20.3
19.3
18.3
17.9
24.4
GM
All
All
2007
34.4
32.7
29.0
25.8
21.6
20.6
19.9
20.1
23.8
GM
All
All
2008
34.6
34.0
29.1
26.3
22.6
21.6
20.5
20.0
18.0
24.4
GM
All
All
2009
35.5
35.1
31.7
26.7
22.7
22.7
20.6
20.0
17.4
25.6
GM
All
All
2010
36.0
36.0
32.0
28.1
24.7
23.7
21.5
21.0
26.5
GM
All
All
2011
36.3
44.2
33.2
28.8
24.7
23.7
21.4
21.4
18.6
15.4
25.8
GM
All
All
2012
39.1
35.1
29.6
24.1
23.9
21.4
21.5
18.6
15.3
14.5
27.2
GM
All
All
2013
43.3
38.8
35.5
31.3
23.9
23.6
21.7
21.5
18.6
15.4
27.7
GM
All
All
2014
45.6
39.1
36.6
31.3
24.7
24.5
23.8
21.9
18.3
15.3
28.6
GM
All
All
2015
45.6
39.8
37.4
31.3
25.5
24.6
23.9
23.1
22.1
15.4
28.0
GM
All
All
2016
47.3
43.5
36.8
31.3
25.7
23.0
24.0
22.8
22.5
15.5
28.2
GM
All
All
2017
47.2
44.5
37.4
33.5
26.8
22.9
23.8
22.9
22.1
15.3
28.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-9 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
GM
All
All
2018
45.4
43.2
37.7
33.8
26.8
25.6
23.9
22.7
21.9
29.7
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
24.2
20.8
21.1
22.0
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
26.6
23.3
25.0
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
41.0
30.1
25.6
24.5
28.7
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
39.0
28.9
24.5
21.4
26.8
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
31.7
26.6
20.8
24.0
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
37.0
34.1
29.0
26.6
23.1
27.4
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
44.0
36.6
29.9
27.4
30.9
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
43.8
35.3
30.0
28.4
26.8
24.3
30.4
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
47.4
38.0
34.6
33.1
29.0
24.6
32.6
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
47.2
38.4
35.9
33.2
29.2
24.4
32.9
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
39.6
35.1
34.1
30.4
24.1
32.8
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
38.6
35.0
33.2
31.2
23.6
23.2
32.3
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
41.3
35.4
32.9
33.0
23.6
23.1
32.9
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
38.5
34.7
33.1
32.0
24.6
23.3
32.7
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
37.7
34.7
33.3
31.8
24.5
23.0
31.8
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
38.3
34.7
32.3
31.3
24.4
23.4
30.4
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
36.2
33.0
32.7
31.0
24.6
23.2
30.6
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
37.1
33.4
32.4
29.3
26.2
23.0
28.9
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
37.1
33.3
33.4
29.0
26.6
23.1
29.0
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
38.3
32.5
33.2
29.9
26.5
23.4
29.1
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
40.1
39.1
34.3
29.1
27.5
24.1
30.0
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
40.0
38.4
34.1
28.8
27.1
25.0
29.5
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
40.8
36.4
33.3
28.4
28.1
24.7
29.8
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
40.3
37.5
36.6
28.5
28.7
24.4
30.2
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
40.3
37.2
36.5
28.6
28.7
24.8
30.4
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
43.1
38.4
36.1
30.1
28.6
24.5
30.5
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
43.5
39.7
38.1
48.9
28.6
24.0
31.3
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
43.4
39.5
37.9
53.6
29.3
24.0
30.7
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
45.1
40.8
38.0
37.1
29.5
24.0
32.4
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
45.1
40.8
38.1
44.5
30.0
26.8
24.1
32.7
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
45.1
41.1
39.2
42.6
31.2
27.8
23.7
34.7
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
41.6
38.9
39.9
31.4
28.5
24.5
34.5
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
42.4
39.3
45.8
31.9
30.6
25.6
34.9
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
42.1
39.3
47.9
32.4
30.0
24.7
26.9
36.0
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
42.0
41.7
32.6
32.2
25.0
23.7
26.9
36.3
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
42.0
38.9
44.0
31.3
24.8
23.7
26.9
39.4
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
42.0
39.0
38.2
30.7
25.1
23.7
26.9
36.6
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
52.3
43.1
70.8
39.0
42.1
34.8
24.7
23.7
26.9
41.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-10 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
52.3
43.8
70.9
38.2
45.1
35.2
26.1
23.6
26.9
41.0
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
52.3
43.8
70.8
42.8
41.1
35.1
24.9
23.5
26.9
40.7
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
52.3
43.8
70.8
42.8
43.5
33.4
25.0
23.6
26.9
41.2
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
43.8
55.8
43.2
41.4
33.6
24.6
23.6
26.9
40.8
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
43.8
50.8
42.7
42.7
34.2
24.9
23.5
41.6
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
43.8
54.4
43.3
48.7
35.5
25.2
29.6
34.8
44.2
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1975
12.0
12.0
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1976
10.7
10.7
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1977
13.7
13.7
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1978
13.0
13.0
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1979
13.8
13.8
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1980
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1981
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1982
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1983
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1984
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1985
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1986
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1987
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1988
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1989
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1990
20.9
20.9
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1991
21.4
21.4
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1992
17.1
17.1
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1993
18.2
18.2
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1994
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1995
21.4
21.4
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1996
30.8
30.6
23.5
22.2
25.9
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1997
29.8
28.0
24.6
27.9
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1998
30.3
23.3
29.8
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1999
30.9
30.5
24.5
27.5
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2000
30.5
24.2
26.4
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2001
30.4
23.9
27.1
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2002
30.3
23.9
27.7
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2003
30.3
23.9
28.4
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2004
30.9
25.2
27.2
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2005
30.9
25.2
27.8
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2006
30.9
26.4
29.0
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2007
30.5
25.8
27.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-ll March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2008
30.9
26.1
28.2
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2009
31.8
27.9
29.2
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2010
31.8
29.7
26.9
40.4
29.6
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2011
31.8
29.8
26.8
40.3
30.0
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2012
31.8
30.1
26.9
40.4
30.1
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2013
34.9
30.1
26.9
40.4
31.3
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2014
34.9
31.3
26.9
40.4
32.6
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2015
34.9
32.6
27.1
40.3
31.8
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2016
34.9
32.9
29.8
41.7
33.2
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2017
34.9
33.1
29.8
33.1
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2018
34.9
33.9
29.8
34.2
Toyota
Car
All
1975
24.2
20.8
21.1
12.0
21.6
Toyota
Car
All
1976
26.6
23.3
10.7
24.3
Toyota
Car
All
1977
41.0
30.1
25.6
24.5
13.7
27.8
Toyota
Car
All
1978
39.0
28.9
24.5
21.4
13.0
26.1
Toyota
Car
All
1979
31.7
26.6
20.8
13.8
23.8
Toyota
Car
All
1980
37.0
34.1
29.0
26.6
23.1
27.4
Toyota
Car
All
1981
44.0
36.6
29.9
27.4
30.9
Toyota
Car
All
1982
43.8
35.3
30.0
28.4
26.8
24.3
30.4
Toyota
Car
All
1983
47.4
38.0
34.6
33.1
29.0
24.6
32.6
Toyota
Car
All
1984
47.2
38.4
35.9
33.2
29.2
24.4
32.9
Toyota
Car
All
1985
39.6
35.1
34.1
30.4
24.1
32.8
Toyota
Car
All
1986
38.6
35.0
33.2
31.2
23.6
23.2
32.3
Toyota
Car
All
1987
41.3
35.4
32.9
33.0
23.6
23.1
32.9
Toyota
Car
All
1988
38.5
34.7
33.1
32.0
24.6
23.3
32.7
Toyota
Car
All
1989
37.7
34.7
33.3
31.8
24.5
23.0
31.8
Toyota
Car
All
1990
38.3
34.7
32.3
31.3
24.4
23.1
30.3
Toyota
Car
All
1991
36.2
33.0
32.7
31.0
24.6
23.0
30.5
Toyota
Car
All
1992
37.1
33.4
32.4
29.3
26.2
22.7
28.8
Toyota
Car
All
1993
37.1
33.3
33.4
29.0
26.6
22.7
28.8
Toyota
Car
All
1994
38.3
32.5
33.2
29.9
26.5
23.4
29.1
Toyota
Car
All
1995
40.1
39.1
34.3
29.1
27.5
22.9
29.5
Toyota
Car
All
1996
40.0
38.4
34.0
30.2
26.9
24.5
29.3
Toyota
Car
All
1997
40.8
36.4
33.2
28.0
28.1
24.7
29.5
Toyota
Car
All
1998
40.3
37.5
36.6
30.2
28.7
24.3
30.2
Toyota
Car
All
1999
40.3
37.2
36.5
30.3
28.7
24.7
30.2
Toyota
Car
All
2000
43.1
38.4
36.1
30.4
28.6
24.4
30.3
Toyota
Car
All
2001
43.5
39.7
38.1
34.6
28.6
24.0
30.9
Toyota
Car
All
2002
43.4
39.5
37.9
35.3
29.3
24.0
30.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-12 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
Car
All
2003
45.1
40.8
38.0
34.9
29.5
24.0
32.2
Toyota
Car
All
2004
45.1
40.8
38.1
39.8
30.0
26.3
24.1
32.1
Toyota
Car
All
2005
45.1
41.1
39.2
40.5
31.2
27.3
23.7
34.2
Toyota
Car
All
2006
41.6
38.9
39.9
31.3
28.3
24.5
34.1
Toyota
Car
All
2007
42.4
39.3
45.8
31.7
30.0
25.6
34.3
Toyota
Car
All
2008
42.1
39.3
47.9
32.1
29.3
24.7
26.9
35.2
Toyota
Car
All
2009
42.0
41.7
32.5
30.9
25.0
23.7
26.9
35.6
Toyota
Car
All
2010
42.0
38.9
42.5
31.0
26.6
30.2
26.9
38.1
Toyota
Car
All
2011
42.0
39.0
37.6
30.6
26.5
27.8
26.9
35.9
Toyota
Car
All
2012
52.3
43.1
70.8
39.0
41.2
34.1
26.5
28.1
26.9
40.1
Toyota
Car
All
2013
52.3
43.8
70.9
38.2
43.4
34.5
26.8
30.3
26.9
39.5
Toyota
Car
All
2014
52.3
43.8
70.8
42.8
40.4
34.8
26.5
26.2
26.9
39.9
Toyota
Car
All
2015
52.3
43.8
70.8
42.8
41.7
33.2
26.9
31.8
26.9
39.2
Toyota
Car
All
2016
43.8
55.8
43.2
40.2
33.4
29.0
26.4
26.9
39.5
Toyota
Car
All
2017
43.8
50.8
42.7
40.9
33.8
29.4
23.5
39.6
Toyota
Car
All
2018
43.8
54.4
43.3
45.5
35.3
27.9
29.6
34.8
42.6
Toyota
Truck
Van
1975
20.5
20.5
Toyota
Truck
Van
1976
Toyota
Truck
Van
1977
Toyota
Truck
Van
1978
Toyota
Truck
Van
1979
Toyota
Truck
Van
1980
Toyota
Truck
Van
1981
Toyota
Truck
Van
1982
Toyota
Truck
Van
1983
Toyota
Truck
Van
1984
27.0
27.0
27.0
Toyota
Truck
Van
1985
26.6
26.7
26.6
Toyota
Truck
Van
1986
26.7
26.3
26.3
Toyota
Truck
Van
1987
26.0
25.1
24.3
25.5
Toyota
Truck
Van
1988
26.6
26.0
23.9
25.8
Toyota
Truck
Van
1989
26.8
26.1
23.7
25.9
Toyota
Truck
Van
1990
Toyota
Truck
Van
1991
22.9
22.9
Toyota
Truck
Van
1992
22.3
22.3
Toyota
Truck
Van
1993
21.9
21.9
Toyota
Truck
Van
1994
22.0
21.6
22.0
Toyota
Truck
Van
1995
22.7
22.1
22.6
Toyota
Truck
Van
1996
22.6
21.4
22.4
Toyota
Truck
Van
1997
22.6
21.4
22.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-13 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
Truck
Van
1998
24.2
24.2
Toyota
Truck
Van
1999
24.1
24.1
Toyota
Truck
Van
2000
24.1
24.1
Toyota
Truck
Van
2001
24.7
24.7
Toyota
Truck
Van
2002
24.7
24.7
Toyota
Truck
Van
2003
24.7
24.7
Toyota
Truck
Van
2004
25.7
25.4
25.4
Toyota
Truck
Van
2005
24.7
24.7
Toyota
Truck
Van
2006
24.8
24.8
Toyota
Truck
Van
2007
26.1
26.1
Toyota
Truck
Van
2008
26.1
26.1
Toyota
Truck
Van
2009
26.1
26.1
Toyota
Truck
Van
2010
26.1
26.1
Toyota
Truck
Van
2011
26.6
23.4
26.3
Toyota
Truck
Van
2012
27.0
24.3
26.6
Toyota
Truck
Van
2013
26.9
24.3
26.4
Toyota
Truck
Van
2014
26.9
24.3
26.5
Toyota
Truck
Van
2015
26.8
24.3
26.4
Toyota
Truck
Van
2016
26.8
24.3
26.3
Toyota
Truck
Van
2017
28.9
27.4
27.9
Toyota
Truck
Van
2018
28.9
27.6
27.9
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
11.6
11.6
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
12.7
12.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
11.5
11.5
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
13.3
13.3
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
13.8
13.3
13.8
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
14.5
14.1
14.3
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
14.5
14.1
14.2
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
14.5
14.1
14.1
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
22.1
13.5
17.3
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
25.3
13.5
21.1
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
25.7
24.4
13.7
23.3
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
25.2
23.5
13.7
22.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
25.6
21.1
15.4
20.3
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
21.3
15.4
19.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
20.4
18.7
19.4
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
21.2
19.1
14.9
18.2
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
22.7
17.5
14.5
17.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-14 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
22.8
17.5
15.6
17.2
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
18.7
17.6
15.6
17.4
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
23.4
17.5
16.7
17.5
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
28.4
20.9
16.7
21.4
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
22.9
20.8
16.7
20.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
28.1
26.7
21.1
17.4
17.1
22.1
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
28.3
27.8
22.4
20.9
17.1
22.0
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
28.1
28.1
22.4
20.9
17.1
21.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
28.3
23.3
20.5
17.6
16.5
21.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
28.5
23.3
20.5
18.1
16.5
21.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
28.6
23.9
20.6
19.3
18.2
17.0
21.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
28.3
24.8
22.8
19.2
18.0
17.0
22.2
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
28.3
26.0
22.9
19.6
19.0
17.0
22.8
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
27.5
25.5
19.6
19.0
17.3
24.4
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
28.0
23.9
19.6
19.1
17.3
24.2
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
28.8
24.8
24.6
19.7
18.8
24.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
29.8
25.0
26.5
19.1
18.3
26.5
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
30.0
25.7
28.9
22.0
19.9
18.4
26.6
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
30.2
25.5
26.2
22.0
19.7
18.5
26.4
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
30.3
25.2
27.0
22.0
19.5
18.4
26.5
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
32.2
25.3
27.6
22.0
19.0
18.3
26.8
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
32.6
26.2
24.8
21.9
19.0
18.3
26.8
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
32.6
26.6
25.6
21.9
18.9
18.3
27.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
34.6
27.0
24.9
21.9
19.0
18.6
27.5
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
34.5
29.1
28.1
21.3
19.0
18.7
29.7
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
34.1
29.2
26.7
21.3
19.0
18.6
29.4
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1975
21.3
21.3
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1976
22.3
20.9
20.5
22.1
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1977
27.4
22.0
27.2
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1978
24.9
25.0
19.8
24.6
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1979
19.7
19.1
19.5
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1980
22.7
20.2
16.9
21.5
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1981
27.0
26.6
19.4
26.5
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1982
26.6
26.6
22.8
25.6
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1983
27.6
25.6
22.8
25.5
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1984
26.2
26.2
23.2
25.1
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1985
31.0
27.2
24.2
27.0
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1986
29.9
27.0
24.5
17.8
26.4
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1987
29.8
27.7
24.3
17.9
26.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-15 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1988
26.9
26.1
24.6
17.8
25.1
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1989
26.5
27.5
23.6
20.3
13.5
23.5
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1990
26.0
28.2
23.4
19.7
13.4
23.1
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1991
27.5
23.9
19.8
13.1
23.8
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1992
28.2
27.7
23.9
18.7
13.1
23.7
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1993
28.4
23.1
18.9
13.0
23.8
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1994
28.0
23.4
19.9
24.3
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1995
27.4
23.4
20.6
19.8
23.3
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1996
27.1
23.4
21.0
19.8
23.6
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1997
24.2
20.6
19.0
20.4
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1998
27.2
22.8
20.7
19.3
23.7
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1999
27.2
22.5
21.4
23.2
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2000
26.7
22.4
21.4
19.2
18.1
20.8
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2001
27.1
23.5
21.6
19.1
18.0
21.2
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2002
27.7
25.7
21.3
19.1
18.0
20.9
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2003
27.7
26.6
21.3
19.5
18.2
21.0
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2004
27.6
26.6
21.2
19.9
18.3
17.7
20.6
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2005
27.0
23.4
21.7
19.5
18.7
21.6
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2006
27.1
23.6
21.8
19.6
18.7
21.7
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2007
28.5
23.8
22.0
21.2
20.1
18.7
21.3
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2008
28.4
23.9
22.2
21.3
19.9
18.5
21.1
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2009
28.9
25.0
22.5
21.3
19.9
18.9
23.5
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2010
28.4
24.9
22.4
21.4
21.1
19.1
21.6
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2011
28.7
25.3
22.5
22.8
21.1
19.0
21.9
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2012
28.5
25.9
23.0
22.8
21.0
19.1
22.1
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2013
29.3
26.0
23.1
22.4
21.1
19.1
22.7
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2014
29.3
26.1
23.1
22.4
20.7
19.0
21.7
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2015
26.1
23.0
20.7
18.7
22.2
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2016
27.7
26.3
20.8
18.9
22.9
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2017
27.7
26.2
20.9
18.8
23.6
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2018
27.7
25.9
21.0
18.7
23.0
Toyota
Truck
All
1975
21.3
20.5
21.3
Toyota
Truck
All
1976
22.3
20.9
20.5
11.6
21.5
Toyota
Truck
All
1977
27.4
22.0
12.7
26.8
Toyota
Truck
All
1978
24.9
25.0
19.8
11.5
23.8
Toyota
Truck
All
1979
19.7
19.1
13.3
19.5
Toyota
Truck
All
1980
22.7
20.2
16.9
13.8
13.3
21.4
Toyota
Truck
All
1981
27.0
26.6
19.4
14.5
14.1
26.2
Toyota
Truck
All
1982
26.6
26.6
22.8
14.5
14.1
25.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-16 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
Truck
All
1983
27.6
25.6
22.8
14.5
14.1
25.0
Toyota
Truck
All
1984
26.2
26.4
24.2
13.5
24.9
Toyota
Truck
All
1985
31.0
27.0
24.8
13.5
26.5
Toyota
Truck
All
1986
29.9
27.0
24.9
22.0
13.7
26.1
Toyota
Truck
All
1987
29.8
27.0
24.5
21.1
13.7
25.9
Toyota
Truck
All
1988
26.9
26.1
24.7
20.1
15.4
24.4
Toyota
Truck
All
1989
26.5
27.5
23.9
20.7
15.4
13.5
23.2
Toyota
Truck
All
1990
26.0
28.2
23.4
20.0
18.7
13.4
21.9
Toyota
Truck
All
1991
27.5
23.9
21.8
19.1
14.3
22.4
Toyota
Truck
All
1992
28.2
27.7
23.9
20.6
17.5
14.0
22.0
Toyota
Truck
All
1993
28.4
23.1
20.2
17.5
14.7
22.3
Toyota
Truck
All
1994
28.0
23.4
20.0
17.6
15.6
22.0
Toyota
Truck
All
1995
27.4
23.4
21.1
17.9
16.7
21.2
Toyota
Truck
All
1996
27.4
23.4
21.0
20.0
16.7
22.8
Toyota
Truck
All
1997
23.0
20.8
19.4
16.7
20.7
Toyota
Truck
All
1998
27.2
24.5
21.9
19.3
17.4
17.1
23.1
Toyota
Truck
All
1999
27.2
24.3
22.6
20.9
17.1
22.6
Toyota
Truck
All
2000
26.7
24.1
22.8
19.7
18.1
17.1
21.7
Toyota
Truck
All
2001
27.1
25.6
23.1
19.8
18.0
17.6
16.5
21.8
Toyota
Truck
All
2002
27.7
27.3
22.9
19.7
18.0
18.1
16.5
21.7
Toyota
Truck
All
2003
27.7
27.8
23.0
20.1
18.6
18.2
17.0
21.6
Toyota
Truck
All
2004
27.6
27.7
22.8
23.9
18.7
17.9
17.0
22.4
Toyota
Truck
All
2005
27.9
24.4
23.4
19.5
18.9
17.0
22.7
Toyota
Truck
All
2006
27.1
25.3
24.7
19.6
18.8
17.3
23.4
Toyota
Truck
All
2007
28.5
26.1
24.2
20.2
19.7
18.7
23.2
Toyota
Truck
All
2008
28.4
26.2
24.9
23.9
19.9
18.7
18.8
23.5
Toyota
Truck
All
2009
28.9
27.8
24.7
25.5
19.9
18.9
18.3
25.4
Toyota
Truck
All
2010
28.4
28.3
25.1
28.1
21.3
19.2
18.4
24.7
Toyota
Truck
All
2011
28.7
28.5
25.5
25.2
21.4
19.1
18.5
24.9
Toyota
Truck
All
2012
28.5
28.8
25.3
26.1
21.3
19.1
18.4
24.9
Toyota
Truck
All
2013
29.3
30.0
25.2
26.5
21.4
19.1
18.3
25.4
Toyota
Truck
All
2014
29.3
30.2
25.7
24.6
21.2
19.0
18.3
24.7
Toyota
Truck
All
2015
30.5
25.9
25.3
21.3
18.8
18.3
25.9
Toyota
Truck
All
2016
34.0
26.7
24.8
21.4
18.9
18.6
25.9
Toyota
Truck
All
2017
33.9
27.5
27.8
21.1
18.8
18.7
27.2
Toyota
Truck
All
2018
33.6
27.5
26.8
21.2
18.7
18.6
27.5
Toyota
All
All
1975
24.2
20.9
21.1
20.5
12.0
21.6
Toyota
All
All
1976
26.6
22.3
23.3
20.5
10.7
11.6
24.0
Toyota
All
All
1977
41.0
30.1
26.5
24.5
22.0
13.7
12.7
27.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-17 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
All
All
1978
39.0
28.9
24.6
22.4
19.8
13.0
11.5
25.7
Toyota
All
All
1979
31.7
26.6
19.7
20.6
13.8
13.3
22.9
Toyota
All
All
1980
37.0
34.1
29.0
23.0
22.5
16.9
13.8
13.3
25.9
Toyota
All
All
1981
44.0
36.6
29.9
27.0
27.2
19.4
14.5
14.1
29.9
Toyota
All
All
1982
43.8
35.3
30.0
27.6
26.8
23.4
14.5
14.1
29.1
Toyota
All
All
1983
47.4
38.0
34.6
29.9
27.9
23.8
14.5
14.1
30.5
Toyota
All
All
1984
47.2
38.4
35.9
29.4
27.8
24.3
13.5
29.7
Toyota
All
All
1985
39.6
35.1
32.6
28.3
24.6
13.5
30.0
Toyota
All
All
1986
38.6
35.0
31.8
29.3
24.6
22.2
13.7
29.4
Toyota
All
All
1987
41.3
35.4
30.7
31.7
24.4
22.3
13.7
30.0
Toyota
All
All
1988
38.5
34.7
29.2
30.9
24.7
21.1
15.4
29.6
Toyota
All
All
1989
37.7
34.7
30.8
30.9
24.2
21.2
15.4
13.5
28.9
Toyota
All
All
1990
38.3
34.7
31.3
30.8
24.0
21.4
18.7
13.4
27.8
Toyota
All
All
1991
36.2
33.0
32.7
30.1
24.3
22.1
19.1
14.3
27.5
Toyota
All
All
1992
37.1
33.4
32.0
28.4
25.9
21.7
17.5
14.0
26.8
Toyota
All
All
1993
37.1
33.3
33.4
28.5
25.9
21.6
17.5
14.7
26.7
Toyota
All
All
1994
38.3
32.5
33.2
28.2
26.0
21.4
17.6
15.6
26.4
Toyota
All
All
1995
40.1
39.1
34.3
27.6
27.0
22.0
17.9
16.7
27.0
Toyota
All
All
1996
40.0
38.4
34.0
27.9
26.5
21.9
20.0
16.7
27.4
Toyota
All
All
1997
40.8
36.4
33.2
28.0
27.5
21.3
19.4
16.7
27.1
Toyota
All
All
1998
40.3
37.5
36.6
28.0
27.9
22.4
19.3
17.4
17.1
27.4
Toyota
All
All
1999
40.3
37.2
36.5
28.3
28.1
22.9
20.9
17.1
27.1
Toyota
All
All
2000
43.1
38.4
36.1
28.2
28.1
23.0
19.7
18.1
17.1
26.2
Toyota
All
All
2001
43.5
39.7
38.1
32.1
28.0
23.3
19.8
18.0
17.6
16.5
26.5
Toyota
All
All
2002
43.4
39.5
37.9
33.3
29.1
23.1
19.7
18.0
18.1
16.5
26.0
Toyota
All
All
2003
45.1
40.8
38.0
33.7
29.3
23.1
20.1
18.6
18.2
17.0
27.1
Toyota
All
All
2004
45.1
40.8
38.1
37.6
29.7
24.2
23.9
18.7
17.9
17.0
26.6
Toyota
All
All
2005
45.1
41.1
39.2
40.5
30.8
25.8
23.5
19.5
18.9
17.0
28.8
Toyota
All
All
2006
41.6
38.9
39.9
30.9
26.8
24.7
19.6
18.8
17.3
28.4
Toyota
All
All
2007
42.4
39.3
45.8
31.6
28.7
24.3
20.2
19.7
18.7
29.6
Toyota
All
All
2008
42.1
39.3
47.9
31.8
28.2
24.9
23.9
20.1
18.7
18.8
29.0
Toyota
All
All
2009
42.0
41.7
32.4
29.7
24.7
25.2
20.1
18.9
18.3
32.4
Toyota
All
All
2010
42.0
38.9
42.1
29.7
25.4
28.4
21.3
19.2
18.4
32.4
Toyota
All
All
2011
42.0
39.0
37.5
29.6
25.6
25.4
21.4
19.1
18.5
30.6
Toyota
All
All
2012
52.3
43.1
70.8
39.0
41.0
30.9
25.4
26.3
21.3
19.1
18.4
32.9
Toyota
All
All
2013
52.3
43.8
70.9
38.2
43.0
32.1
25.4
26.8
21.5
19.1
18.3
32.3
Toyota
All
All
2014
52.3
43.8
70.8
42.8
40.1
32.6
25.7
24.6
21.2
19.0
18.3
32.8
Toyota
All
All
2015
52.3
43.8
70.8
42.8
41.7
31.8
26.1
25.6
21.4
18.8
18.3
32.2
Toyota
All
All
2016
43.8
55.8
43.2
40.2
33.6
26.9
24.9
21.4
18.9
18.6
32.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-18 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Toyota
All
All
2017
43.8
50.8
42.7
40.9
33.9
27.7
27.8
21.1
18.8
18.7
32.4
Toyota
All
All
2018
43.8
54.4
43.3
45.5
34.2
27.5
26.9
21.2
18.7
18.6
33.8
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
27.8
22.4
16.5
13.5
12.9
11.4
11.3
13.9
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
27.8
25.6
18.6
17.1
15.2
14.7
13.3
16.6
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
27.6
23.8
19.2
18.3
16.3
14.3
12.7
16.5
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
37.3
26.1
22.3
19.6
18.3
16.7
14.7
13.5
18.6
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
32.1
25.2
22.1
19.4
17.9
16.1
13.9
19.2
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
29.8
25.7
23.7
20.1
18.9
18.1
22.5
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
39.0
33.2
29.2
25.4
22.9
20.3
18.8
17.2
23.4
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
34.5
31.2
22.4
20.8
19.8
24.5
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
33.2
30.7
22.6
22.5
19.8
23.9
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
38.5
32.6
29.2
25.6
23.3
20.0
25.3
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
39.3
33.7
30.9
28.0
23.2
20.7
10.4
25.9
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
32.5
33.9
31.1
27.9
24.6
22.0
10.4
26.7
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
34.8
30.6
27.4
24.9
21.8
10.9
26.6
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
45.7
34.2
31.9
27.5
25.5
22.6
10.9
10.9
27.0
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
41.4
34.0
31.6
27.9
25.8
23.5
10.9
27.0
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
44.4
37.8
34.6
32.0
27.7
25.8
23.5
26.3
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
43.8
37.7
38.7
33.2
25.8
26.1
23.8
15.4
27.3
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
44.7
37.7
39.4
33.2
27.4
26.4
24.3
17.1
26.8
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
44.9
37.6
38.8
33.5
28.3
26.2
24.2
15.1
27.9
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
41.1
38.6
34.7
28.3
26.2
23.8
13.9
27.2
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
41.1
36.8
34.6
30.9
26.4
23.4
13.9
27.7
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
39.8
37.4
34.1
29.3
26.0
23.6
26.3
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
42.5
34.2
34.4
30.2
25.7
23.5
19.0
27.0
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
33.8
30.8
26.0
23.2
27.5
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
34.1
31.0
26.4
23.5
27.2
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
33.5
32.4
26.2
23.6
21.8
27.2
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
33.6
33.5
25.5
23.7
22.7
26.8
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
33.6
32.3
26.4
23.5
22.4
27.1
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
33.1
32.3
26.2
23.8
23.5
26.7
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
35.9
31.6
26.0
24.1
23.1
25.7
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
33.0
26.5
25.5
24.0
27.2
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
33.7
27.3
25.1
23.0
26.9
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
35.3
27.1
24.9
22.9
19.1
27.7
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
37.3
35.9
29.0
25.8
22.3
28.1
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
37.6
29.2
25.7
24.3
30.0
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
37.3
31.3
28.9
24.8
31.1
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
43.8
37.6
34.0
28.8
24.6
19.1
32.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-19 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
44.2
41.6
33.6
28.9
25.5
35.3
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
44.2
41.3
34.3
35.7
27.0
36.8
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
41.4
40.6
34.2
33.8
26.3
36.2
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
41.4
42.5
35.9
32.9
26.2
35.4
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
42.0
41.8
35.8
33.8
25.3
36.1
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
42.3
42.0
36.2
35.1
26.2
24.7
35.4
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
42.4
43.1
36.1
35.4
26.2
25.1
35.7
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1975
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1976
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1977
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1978
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1979
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1980
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1981
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1982
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1983
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1984
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1985
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1986
23.5
23.5
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1987
23.3
23.3
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1988
23.0
23.0
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1989
23.1
23.1
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1990
23.2
23.2
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1991
21.2
21.2
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1992
21.2
21.2
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1993
21.6
21.6
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1994
21.1
21.1
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1995
22.5
22.5
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1996
22.3
22.3
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1997
21.4
21.4
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1998
21.2
21.2
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1999
21.7
21.7
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2000
21.0
21.0
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2001
24.7
21.2
22.3
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2002
25.0
20.7
23.6
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2003
25.1
21.0
24.1
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2004
25.1
25.1
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2005
26.3
39.2
26.6
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2006
26.5
39.1
27.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-20 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2007
26.6
40.6
24.3
25.7
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2008
27.4
43.4
24.6
27.0
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2009
28.9
44.2
24.6
28.6
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2010
29.7
44.1
25.9
28.3
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2011
29.5
30.0
28.0
29.0
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2012
29.6
33.6
28.5
29.6
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2013
34.1
32.7
28.3
30.7
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2014
31.9
32.2
28.3
31.0
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2015
34.4
32.3
28.4
31.6
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2016
35.2
32.4
28.1
31.8
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2017
33.1
28.6
32.3
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2018
40.3
33.2
28.7
32.6
Ford
Car
All
1975
27.8
22.4
16.5
13.5
12.9
11.4
11.3
13.9
Ford
Car
All
1976
27.8
25.6
18.6
17.1
15.2
14.7
13.3
16.6
Ford
Car
All
1977
27.6
23.8
19.2
18.3
16.3
14.3
12.7
16.5
Ford
Car
All
1978
37.3
26.1
22.3
19.6
18.3
16.7
14.7
13.5
18.6
Ford
Car
All
1979
32.1
25.2
22.1
19.4
17.9
16.1
13.9
19.2
Ford
Car
All
1980
29.8
25.7
23.7
20.1
18.9
18.1
22.5
Ford
Car
All
1981
39.0
33.2
29.2
25.4
22.9
20.3
18.8
17.2
23.4
Ford
Car
All
1982
34.5
31.2
22.4
20.8
19.8
24.5
Ford
Car
All
1983
33.2
30.7
22.6
22.5
19.8
23.9
Ford
Car
All
1984
38.5
32.6
29.2
25.6
23.3
20.0
25.3
Ford
Car
All
1985
39.3
33.7
30.9
28.0
23.2
20.7
10.4
25.9
Ford
Car
All
1986
32.5
33.9
31.1
27.9
24.6
22.0
10.4
26.7
Ford
Car
All
1987
34.8
30.6
27.4
24.8
21.8
10.9
26.5
Ford
Car
All
1988
45.7
34.2
31.9
27.5
25.3
22.6
10.9
10.9
26.9
Ford
Car
All
1989
41.4
34.0
31.6
27.9
25.6
23.5
10.9
27.0
Ford
Car
All
1990
44.4
37.8
34.6
32.0
27.7
25.7
23.5
26.3
Ford
Car
All
1991
43.8
37.7
38.7
33.2
25.8
26.1
23.3
15.4
27.0
Ford
Car
All
1992
44.7
37.7
39.4
33.2
27.4
26.4
23.7
17.1
26.4
Ford
Car
All
1993
44.9
37.6
38.8
33.5
28.3
26.2
23.7
15.1
27.5
Ford
Car
All
1994
41.1
38.6
34.7
28.3
26.2
23.3
13.9
26.8
Ford
Car
All
1995
41.1
36.8
34.6
30.9
26.4
23.3
13.9
27.7
Ford
Car
All
1996
39.8
37.4
34.1
29.3
26.0
23.5
26.2
Ford
Car
All
1997
42.5
34.2
34.4
30.2
25.7
23.4
19.0
26.9
Ford
Car
All
1998
33.8
30.8
26.0
22.5
26.7
Ford
Car
All
1999
34.1
31.0
26.4
22.9
26.6
Ford
Car
All
2000
33.5
32.4
26.2
22.9
21.8
26.5
Ford
Car
All
2001
33.6
33.5
25.4
22.9
22.7
26.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-21 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
Car
All
2002
33.6
32.3
26.2
23.2
22.4
26.8
Ford
Car
All
2003
33.1
32.3
26.0
23.2
23.5
26.5
Ford
Car
All
2004
35.9
31.6
25.9
24.1
23.1
25.7
Ford
Car
All
2005
33.0
26.4
25.7
24.0
27.2
Ford
Car
All
2006
33.7
27.1
25.4
23.0
26.9
Ford
Car
All
2007
35.3
27.0
25.3
23.6
19.1
27.4
Ford
Car
All
2008
37.3
35.9
28.3
26.7
23.3
27.8
Ford
Car
All
2009
37.6
29.1
27.4
24.4
29.6
Ford
Car
All
2010
37.3
30.8
29.2
25.4
30.4
Ford
Car
All
2011
43.8
37.6
32.0
28.9
26.4
19.1
31.2
Ford
Car
All
2012
44.2
41.6
32.2
29.2
27.8
34.1
Ford
Car
All
2013
44.2
41.3
34.2
34.6
28.0
34.8
Ford
Car
All
2014
41.4
40.6
33.3
33.4
27.9
34.8
Ford
Car
All
2015
41.4
42.5
35.6
32.7
27.8
34.4
Ford
Car
All
2016
42.0
41.8
35.7
33.4
27.6
35.0
Ford
Car
All
2017
42.3
42.0
36.2
34.1
27.7
24.7
34.3
Ford
Car
All
2018
42.4
43.1
36.6
34.4
28.0
25.1
34.6
Ford
Truck
Van
1975
13.0
11.5
11.1
12.6
Ford
Truck
Van
1976
13.4
13.5
11.4
13.4
Ford
Truck
Van
1977
16.0
14.0
11.7
15.5
Ford
Truck
Van
1978
15.4
13.8
11.9
15.0
Ford
Truck
Van
1979
15.6
12.4
11.1
11.0
10.6
12.1
Ford
Truck
Van
1980
19.7
17.1
14.6
12.4
10.9
16.2
Ford
Truck
Van
1981
19.9
16.9
14.6
13.4
16.8
Ford
Truck
Van
1982
19.3
16.1
14.8
13.4
16.2
Ford
Truck
Van
1983
18.8
16.2
15.0
12.1
16.3
Ford
Truck
Van
1984
18.8
15.7
14.8
12.1
16.6
Ford
Truck
Van
1985
18.9
15.5
15.0
12.3
16.2
Ford
Truck
Van
1986
29.0
23.3
21.4
18.3
16.0
12.8
19.7
Ford
Truck
Van
1987
30.9
23.3
21.9
17.8
15.8
13.6
19.6
Ford
Truck
Van
1988
22.5
21.8
18.4
16.7
13.6
19.4
Ford
Truck
Van
1989
22.7
22.0
17.8
16.5
13.6
19.8
Ford
Truck
Van
1990
22.9
21.4
17.9
16.3
14.2
19.3
Ford
Truck
Van
1991
23.1
21.7
18.0
16.6
15.0
19.8
Ford
Truck
Van
1992
23.9
21.7
19.8
17.3
16.0
14.8
19.7
Ford
Truck
Van
1993
23.7
22.5
20.0
17.3
16.0
20.8
Ford
Truck
Van
1994
23.7
22.2
20.1
17.4
16.1
15.5
19.9
Ford
Truck
Van
1995
23.4
22.8
17.5
16.2
16.0
21.7
Ford
Truck
Van
1996
23.5
22.9
20.2
17.1
15.8
16.1
21.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-22 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
Truck
Van
1997
22.3
22.4
19.4
19.0
17.2
16.6
20.7
Ford
Truck
Van
1998
23.3
19.3
17.4
16.6
22.4
Ford
Truck
Van
1999
22.8
22.2
18.1
17.4
16.2
21.0
Ford
Truck
Van
2000
22.8
22.4
18.5
18.0
16.3
21.6
Ford
Truck
Van
2001
22.0
19.6
17.4
16.0
18.0
Ford
Truck
Van
2002
22.3
22.9
19.1
17.8
17.1
21.9
Ford
Truck
Van
2003
23.6
23.2
19.1
17.3
22.2
Ford
Truck
Van
2004
22.1
19.4
19.3
16.9
21.5
Ford
Truck
Van
2005
26.5
23.6
19.3
19.0
16.9
23.5
Ford
Truck
Van
2006
26.5
23.1
19.1
19.0
16.9
22.6
Ford
Truck
Van
2007
26.5
23.3
24.6
Ford
Truck
Van
2008
24.0
24.0
Ford
Truck
Van
2009
24.4
24.4
Ford
Truck
Van
2010
30.3
30.3
Ford
Truck
Van
2011
30.1
15.9
17.3
13.8
13.5
27.7
Ford
Truck
Van
2012
30.5
14.4
17.3
15.1
13.2
28.5
Ford
Truck
Van
2013
30.5
17.1
17.2
13.7
13.3
28.8
Ford
Truck
Van
2014
31.2
30.3
30.5
25.0
17.2
17.1
15.3
13.2
28.5
Ford
Truck
Van
2015
31.2
30.6
30.5
25.0
20.8
28.9
Ford
Truck
Van
2016
30.3
29.5
24.8
20.0
19.9
27.7
Ford
Truck
Van
2017
30.2
29.4
24.8
19.5
27.1
Ford
Truck
Van
2018
30.2
29.7
20.1
27.8
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
10.6
10.6
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
13.7
13.7
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
14.5
14.5
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
13.2
13.2
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
11.0
11.0
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
14.8
13.1
14.0
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
16.4
13.3
15.1
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
15.8
13.2
14.8
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
16.7
13.1
15.3
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
21.2
16.9
14.0
18.3
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
21.8
18.4
14.0
18.8
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
22.2
18.0
16.0
19.8
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
22.6
20.1
16.0
20.0
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
21.9
19.5
16.2
19.6
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
21.8
18.6
16.2
18.6
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
23.5
21.9
19.8
16.0
18.0
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
20.8
20.1
16.1
19.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-23 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
21.3
19.9
16.2
19.6
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
21.6
20.2
16.4
19.7
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
20.6
20.1
17.0
19.7
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
22.0
20.0
17.0
19.6
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.9
16.5
19.6
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
21.6
19.4
18.2
16.9
18.7
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
20.7
19.5
18.2
16.8
16.0
18.2
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
20.1
19.5
17.8
17.2
16.4
18.1
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
20.4
19.6
19.4
17.3
16.2
18.4
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
23.6
20.9
15.6
20.9
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
23.8
20.3
19.6
19.3
17.3
15.9
19.6
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
23.6
19.7
20.0
18.6
18.2
17.0
19.0
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
23.6
21.7
20.2
18.6
19.3
16.9
19.2
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
25.2
24.2
19.5
18.1
18.0
20.2
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
26.5
25.4
20.2
19.4
17.9
20.2
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
26.5
25.3
22.1
19.4
18.3
21.1
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
28.4
26.1
22.9
19.8
18.5
22.5
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
27.2
24.1
20.5
20.3
24.1
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
29.5
27.5
25.0
20.5
19.7
18.4
23.1
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
29.5
27.3
25.7
24.2
20.4
18.6
16.4
24.5
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
29.5
26.4
26.4
24.4
20.3
18.6
16.4
24.8
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
32.0
26.3
24.6
20.1
18.5
19.9
16.4
26.1
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
31.9
26.2
24.7
20.8
18.6
19.9
16.4
26.2
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
31.2
26.7
24.5
22.1
21.2
19.9
26.2
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
31.7
26.4
24.3
22.1
21.1
26.1
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
31.1
26.5
24.3
22.1
21.1
20.4
26.1
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
34.3
31.8
26.1
24.2
25.3
23.4
27.2
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1975
21.1
14.2
12.6
11.7
10.9
9.3
12.6
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1976
22.9
17.5
14.7
12.6
11.4
10.8
13.9
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1977
29.5
20.7
17.1
13.9
12.7
12.0
15.9
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1978
29.2
19.6
17.1
13.9
12.9
12.4
10.9
15.9
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1979
26.3
18.4
15.4
13.5
11.0
9.5
14.8
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1980
25.9
17.5
18.9
14.7
13.3
12.5
18.0
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1981
28.4
26.3
21.6
19.2
15.0
13.6
13.3
19.3
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1982
28.9
26.7
22.2
18.3
14.3
14.2
18.3
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1983
28.1
24.4
21.6
17.9
15.6
13.6
20.3
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1984
28.8
25.3
22.0
18.2
15.7
14.7
19.5
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1985
28.6
25.7
23.0
18.4
16.5
13.3
20.3
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1986
28.8
26.6
23.1
19.0
17.5
15.3
20.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-24 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1987
29.0
26.8
23.7
19.2
17.1
15.9
20.9
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1988
27.6
22.6
19.6
17.9
15.6
21.2
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1989
28.6
23.6
20.2
18.2
16.0
20.4
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1990
30.0
23.2
20.2
18.6
15.9
20.8
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1991
29.9
24.5
20.2
18.4
16.2
21.0
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1992
30.1
26.2
21.3
18.5
16.9
20.6
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1993
30.0
25.7
21.7
19.1
17.0
21.2
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1994
25.7
20.9
19.1
17.5
21.4
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1995
26.8
22.0
19.0
17.4
15.6
20.3
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1996
26.3
21.8
18.4
17.1
21.4
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1997
27.2
21.6
20.0
18.4
16.5
21.2
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1998
25.1
21.2
20.1
18.0
16.6
20.8
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1999
23.9
20.5
20.1
17.9
15.9
20.3
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2000
24.3
20.8
20.1
18.4
16.7
20.5
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2001
24.2
20.4
20.4
18.6
17.4
19.8
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2002
24.7
20.3
20.3
18.8
17.5
15.9
20.0
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2003
25.9
21.0
20.6
18.8
17.3
15.8
20.0
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2004
25.6
21.0
20.3
19.2
19.0
17.8
19.4
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2005
25.9
21.0
19.7
19.8
18.7
18.0
16.3
19.1
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2006
26.3
21.2
19.9
18.8
17.6
15.2
19.0
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2007
26.4
20.7
20.2
19.1
17.7
15.1
19.4
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2008
26.8
20.7
20.7
20.2
19.1
18.3
16.0
19.9
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2009
27.9
21.2
20.8
21.0
19.5
21.0
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2010
27.7
21.1
20.9
21.1
19.7
20.7
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2011
27.7
21.2
23.0
22.6
20.9
16.2
21.7
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2012
23.1
22.9
21.1
16.7
21.5
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2013
23.8
22.9
21.4
16.7
21.8
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2014
23.8
22.8
21.3
16.7
21.7
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2015
26.3
26.4
23.5
20.8
23.7
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2016
26.7
26.3
23.5
22.2
23.9
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2017
27.1
26.2
24.4
22.0
20.9
24.4
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2018
29.1
28.5
25.5
25.6
23.7
25.7
Ford
Truck
All
1975
21.1
14.2
12.8
11.7
10.9
9.3
12.5
Ford
Truck
All
1976
22.9
17.5
14.3
12.8
11.7
10.8
13.8
Ford
Truck
All
1977
29.5
20.7
16.8
13.9
13.1
12.0
15.8
Ford
Truck
All
1978
29.2
19.6
16.5
13.9
13.1
12.4
10.9
15.5
Ford
Truck
All
1979
26.3
18.4
15.4
13.1
11.0
9.7
10.6
14.0
Ford
Truck
All
1980
25.9
17.5
19.0
15.3
13.6
12.4
10.9
17.4
Ford
Truck
All
1981
28.4
26.3
21.6
19.3
15.9
13.9
13.3
18.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-25 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
Truck
All
1982
28.9
26.7
22.2
18.4
15.5
14.2
13.4
17.5
Ford
Truck
All
1983
28.1
24.4
21.6
18.0
16.0
14.1
12.1
19.1
Ford
Truck
All
1984
28.8
25.3
21.5
18.3
15.8
14.4
12.1
18.8
Ford
Truck
All
1985
28.6
25.7
22.2
18.5
16.2
14.3
12.3
19.3
Ford
Truck
All
1986
28.8
26.7
22.7
19.7
17.8
15.9
12.8
20.3
Ford
Truck
All
1987
29.0
26.8
23.2
20.6
17.3
15.9
13.6
20.4
Ford
Truck
All
1988
27.6
22.3
20.7
17.9
16.3
13.6
20.5
Ford
Truck
All
1989
28.6
23.4
21.6
18.1
16.2
13.6
20.0
Ford
Truck
All
1990
30.0
23.2
21.2
18.5
16.1
14.2
20.1
Ford
Truck
All
1991
29.9
24.4
21.1
19.2
16.3
15.0
20.4
Ford
Truck
All
1992
30.1
26.1
21.6
19.1
16.9
16.0
14.8
20.1
Ford
Truck
All
1993
30.0
25.6
22.3
19.5
17.0
16.0
20.8
Ford
Truck
All
1994
25.6
21.7
19.6
17.4
16.1
15.5
20.7
Ford
Truck
All
1995
26.6
22.7
19.4
17.4
16.2
16.0
20.6
Ford
Truck
All
1996
26.2
22.7
19.4
17.0
15.8
16.1
20.8
Ford
Truck
All
1997
27.0
22.0
19.7
18.5
16.9
16.6
20.2
Ford
Truck
All
1998
25.1
22.7
19.8
18.3
16.8
16.0
20.2
Ford
Truck
All
1999
23.9
21.0
20.4
17.9
17.1
16.4
19.7
Ford
Truck
All
2000
24.3
21.0
20.6
18.6
17.3
16.2
19.9
Ford
Truck
All
2001
24.0
20.5
20.8
18.8
17.4
15.8
19.8
Ford
Truck
All
2002
24.3
20.6
20.2
18.9
17.5
15.9
20.0
Ford
Truck
All
2003
24.7
21.1
20.9
18.8
17.7
17.0
19.8
Ford
Truck
All
2004
24.5
21.0
20.6
18.9
19.1
17.5
19.5
Ford
Truck
All
2005
25.7
23.6
21.0
19.1
18.7
18.0
16.3
20.0
Ford
Truck
All
2006
26.4
24.2
21.8
19.6
18.8
17.7
15.2
19.8
Ford
Truck
All
2007
26.4
23.8
22.3
19.9
19.1
17.8
15.1
20.2
Ford
Truck
All
2008
27.2
24.6
23.1
20.0
19.1
18.3
16.0
21.0
Ford
Truck
All
2009
27.9
25.7
24.2
20.7
21.0
19.6
22.1
Ford
Truck
All
2010
29.0
25.9
25.0
20.7
21.1
19.7
18.4
21.8
Ford
Truck
All
2011
28.6
24.7
25.7
23.8
22.5
20.8
17.7
13.5
16.4
22.9
Ford
Truck
All
2012
30.0
26.4
26.4
23.9
22.9
21.0
17.9
13.2
16.4
23.1
Ford
Truck
All
2013
30.5
32.0
26.3
24.4
22.8
21.3
17.7
19.6
16.4
23.8
Ford
Truck
All
2014
31.2
31.6
26.2
24.5
22.8
21.3
17.8
19.5
16.4
23.8
Ford
Truck
All
2015
31.2
31.0
26.7
23.7
20.8
21.7
21.2
19.9
25.2
Ford
Truck
All
2016
30.3
30.8
26.4
23.8
22.2
21.3
21.1
19.9
25.1
Ford
Truck
All
2017
30.2
30.7
26.4
24.3
22.0
21.2
21.1
20.4
25.5
Ford
Truck
All
2018
33.7
31.4
26.9
25.2
25.6
24.3
23.4
26.4
Ford
All
All
1975
27.8
22.2
16.5
13.1
12.3
11.3
11.1
13.5
Ford
All
All
1976
27.8
25.2
18.6
15.7
14.0
14.1
13.0
15.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-26 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
All
All
1977
27.6
25.2
19.2
17.5
15.4
14.1
12.6
16.3
Ford
All
All
1978
37.3
26.1
23.0
19.6
16.7
15.9
14.2
13.0
10.9
17.5
Ford
All
All
1979
32.1
25.2
22.4
19.4
16.5
15.0
12.2
9.7
10.6
17.3
Ford
All
All
1980
29.8
25.7
23.9
20.1
19.0
16.0
13.6
12.4
10.9
20.8
Ford
All
All
1981
39.0
33.2
29.2
27.2
23.1
20.5
19.1
16.0
13.9
13.3
21.6
Ford
All
All
1982
34.5
31.2
28.9
22.6
21.0
19.1
15.5
14.2
13.4
22.1
Ford
All
All
1983
33.2
30.7
28.1
23.2
22.5
19.0
16.0
14.1
12.1
21.9
Ford
All
All
1984
38.5
32.6
29.2
25.5
22.9
19.2
15.8
14.4
12.1
22.8
Ford
All
All
1985
39.3
33.7
30.6
26.7
23.0
19.9
16.2
14.3
12.3
23.4
Ford
All
All
1986
32.5
33.9
30.6
27.5
24.0
20.7
17.8
15.9
12.8
23.9
Ford
All
All
1987
34.8
30.4
27.2
24.4
21.3
17.3
15.9
13.6
24.0
Ford
All
All
1988
45.7
34.2
31.9
27.5
24.5
21.9
17.9
16.3
13.6
24.4
Ford
All
All
1989
41.4
34.0
31.6
28.0
25.2
22.8
18.1
16.2
13.6
24.2
Ford
All
All
1990
44.4
37.8
34.6
32.0
28.1
25.1
22.7
18.5
16.1
14.2
23.7
Ford
All
All
1991
43.8
37.7
38.7
33.2
26.5
25.6
22.6
19.2
16.3
15.0
24.2
Ford
All
All
1992
44.7
37.7
39.4
33.2
27.5
26.3
23.1
19.1
16.9
16.0
14.8
23.5
Ford
All
All
1993
44.9
37.6
38.8
33.5
28.5
26.1
23.1
19.5
17.0
16.0
24.5
Ford
All
All
1994
41.1
38.6
34.7
28.3
25.9
22.8
19.6
17.4
16.1
15.5
23.7
Ford
All
All
1995
41.1
36.8
34.6
30.9
26.5
23.0
19.4
17.4
16.2
16.0
24.0
Ford
All
All
1996
39.8
37.4
34.1
29.3
26.1
23.2
19.4
17.0
15.8
16.1
23.3
Ford
All
All
1997
42.5
34.2
34.4
30.2
26.1
22.8
19.7
18.5
16.9
16.6
22.8
Ford
All
All
1998
33.8
30.8
25.8
22.6
19.8
18.3
16.8
16.0
22.8
Ford
All
All
1999
34.1
31.0
25.8
22.2
20.4
17.9
17.1
16.4
22.6
Ford
All
All
2000
33.5
32.4
25.8
22.2
20.6
18.6
17.3
16.2
22.8
Ford
All
All
2001
33.6
33.5
25.1
22.1
20.8
18.8
17.4
15.8
22.4
Ford
All
All
2002
33.6
32.3
25.7
22.1
20.2
18.9
17.5
15.9
22.3
Ford
All
All
2003
33.1
32.3
25.7
21.8
21.5
18.8
17.7
17.0
22.1
Ford
All
All
2004
35.9
31.6
25.6
21.9
21.2
18.9
19.1
17.5
21.1
Ford
All
All
2005
33.0
26.3
24.6
21.8
19.1
18.7
18.0
16.3
22.6
Ford
All
All
2006
33.7
27.1
24.9
22.3
19.6
18.8
17.7
15.2
22.5
Ford
All
All
2007
35.3
27.0
24.7
23.0
19.9
19.1
17.8
18.7
23.5
Ford
All
All
2008
37.3
35.9
28.1
25.8
23.2
20.0
19.1
18.3
16.0
24.1
Ford
All
All
2009
37.6
28.9
26.5
24.3
20.7
21.0
19.6
25.8
Ford
All
All
2010
37.3
30.5
27.9
25.3
20.7
21.1
19.7
18.4
25.6
Ford
All
All
2011
43.8
37.6
31.2
27.1
26.1
23.8
22.5
20.8
17.7
13.5
16.4
26.4
Ford
All
All
2012
44.2
41.6
31.9
28.4
26.9
23.9
22.9
21.0
17.9
13.2
16.4
28.7
Ford
All
All
2013
44.2
41.3
33.6
34.0
27.1
24.4
22.8
21.3
17.7
19.6
16.4
28.1
Ford
All
All
2014
41.4
40.6
33.3
32.9
26.8
24.5
22.8
21.3
17.8
19.5
16.4
28.7
Ford
All
All
2015
41.4
42.5
35.5
32.2
26.9
23.7
20.8
21.7
21.2
19.9
28.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-27 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Ford
All
All
2016
42.0
41.8
35.5
32.6
26.6
23.8
22.2
21.3
21.1
19.9
28.9
Ford
All
All
2017
42.3
42.0
36.1
33.0
26.7
24.3
22.0
21.2
21.1
20.4
28.9
Ford
All
All
2018
42.4
43.1
36.1
33.3
27.2
25.2
25.6
24.3
23.4
28.9
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
26.6
23.4
22.6
20.8
19.5
16.6
12.9
13.7
12.6
15.8
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
24.6
26.1
24.2
21.7
19.5
17.9
14.1
13.6
12.3
16.8
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
29.6
28.4
22.1
21.6
20.4
17.4
14.6
13.3
12.1
16.7
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
28.1
28.2
24.5
24.6
20.0
17.6
15.4
13.5
11.0
19.1
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
37.6
32.6
28.0
24.7
22.9
20.2
17.9
16.4
21.0
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
38.8
31.3
27.5
25.1
23.1
20.1
17.4
22.7
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
41.7
34.0
29.6
26.7
23.4
21.1
18.5
26.1
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
41.7
36.2
32.4
28.8
26.0
22.2
19.8
10.0
26.9
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
42.7
36.0
34.6
30.2
25.2
22.6
19.3
10.0
28.4
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
44.8
36.2
31.4
28.9
26.4
22.3
19.7
10.0
28.5
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
37.5
31.4
29.8
26.3
24.0
21.4
10.0
28.1
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
39.3
31.7
29.8
27.1
23.0
21.4
10.0
28.5
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
38.8
30.2
29.3
26.5
23.1
21.5
27.7
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
39.7
32.7
30.3
27.8
25.0
21.4
28.5
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
36.5
30.7
28.5
24.7
21.2
28.0
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
35.3
31.6
28.7
25.4
24.0
27.3
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
37.0
32.0
28.6
25.2
23.8
27.4
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
36.8
32.6
28.8
25.4
23.6
27.7
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
42.5
37.0
32.3
29.0
25.7
23.6
27.9
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
41.8
35.8
31.9
28.3
25.0
23.5
26.2
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
41.8
37.4
31.9
29.0
26.1
23.8
28.1
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
41.7
33.9
31.1
30.1
26.1
24.0
27.2
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
31.2
29.8
26.1
24.0
12.8
27.1
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
31.8
31.6
26.6
24.5
28.3
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
31.1
27.9
27.2
24.5
13.4
26.9
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
32.5
30.6
26.5
25.0
13.5
27.6
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
34.6
31.9
27.1
24.4
13.5
27.6
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
36.1
31.5
26.4
24.5
13.6
26.9
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
37.1
32.9
26.8
25.0
13.5
28.4
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
37.1
32.5
28.0
25.3
22.2
21.8
27.4
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
33.3
32.1
27.9
25.4
22.7
21.8
26.5
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
27.9
25.6
22.3
21.7
25.4
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
30.3
25.1
22.2
21.6
27.1
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
30.6
26.2
22.0
21.6
27.8
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
35.3
30.8
26.3
22.6
27.5
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
33.6
31.6
26.1
22.9
27.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-28 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
35.7
31.6
28.1
22.7
28.3
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
44.8
39.9
35.7
31.3
28.8
23.2
30.0
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
46.2
40.3
165.0
33.3
28.8
23.8
30.8
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
46.6
40.2
165.0
32.9
28.7
24.3
23.1
29.3
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
46.6
39.9
82.7
35.8
29.8
24.3
23.1
32.2
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
46.6
39.2
125.8
35.4
29.8
24.3
23.7
30.0
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
46.6
39.5
116.9
34.0
29.8
25.0
23.7
29.3
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
38.2
109.4
33.2
30.2
24.4
23.7
27.6
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1975
14.5
14.5
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1976
16.5
16.5
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1977
16.4
16.4
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1978
16.4
16.4
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1979
20.8
16.0
20.3
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1980
17.6
17.6
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1981
17.3
17.3
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1982
23.6
23.6
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1983
23.2
23.2
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1984
22.6
16.7
18.4
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1985
23.4
23.4
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1986
25.7
22.1
22.7
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1987
26.4
20.4
21.1
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1988
26.3
20.8
21.1
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1989
24.9
20.7
20.9
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1990
25.0
21.0
21.2
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1991
23.3
20.6
20.6
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1992
24.8
20.6
20.6
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1993
25.2
20.1
19.0
19.3
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1994
24.8
20.7
20.7
20.9
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1995
20.1
18.9
19.5
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1996
24.5
20.8
20.4
20.7
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1997
24.3
21.0
20.2
20.4
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1998
21.1
20.6
20.8
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1999
21.6
21.6
21.6
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2000
21.5
21.0
21.1
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2001
20.9
21.1
21.1
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2002
20.2
20.2
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2003
22.0
22.0
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2004
22.5
22.5
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2005
22.1
22.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-29 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2006
22.4
22.4
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2007
23.1
23.1
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2008
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2009
27.3
27.3
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2010
27.8
27.8
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2011
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2012
31.6
24.1
25.5
27.8
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2013
31.8
27.8
25.6
29.9
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2014
32.1
30.7
25.3
31.4
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2015
32.6
31.9
25.3
32.3
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2016
37.5
32.0
32.1
32.1
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2017
37.5
32.1
31.5
31.9
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2018
37.5
33.5
30.2
31.9
FCA
Car
All
1975
26.6
23.4
22.6
20.8
19.5
16.5
12.9
13.7
12.6
15.8
FCA
Car
All
1976
24.6
26.1
24.2
21.7
19.5
17.9
14.1
13.6
12.3
16.8
FCA
Car
All
1977
29.6
28.4
22.1
21.6
20.4
17.3
14.6
13.3
12.1
16.7
FCA
Car
All
1978
28.1
28.2
24.5
24.6
20.0
17.6
15.4
13.5
11.0
19.1
FCA
Car
All
1979
37.6
32.6
28.0
24.1
22.9
20.2
17.9
16.4
21.0
FCA
Car
All
1980
38.8
31.3
27.5
25.1
23.1
20.1
17.4
22.7
FCA
Car
All
1981
41.7
34.0
29.6
26.7
23.4
21.1
18.5
26.1
FCA
Car
All
1982
41.7
36.2
31.3
28.8
26.0
22.2
19.8
10.0
26.9
FCA
Car
All
1983
42.7
36.0
33.2
30.2
25.2
22.6
19.3
10.0
28.3
FCA
Car
All
1984
44.8
36.2
31.2
28.9
26.4
22.3
19.5
10.0
28.4
FCA
Car
All
1985
37.5
31.4
29.8
26.2
24.0
21.4
10.0
28.1
FCA
Car
All
1986
39.3
31.7
29.8
27.1
22.4
21.4
10.0
28.5
FCA
Car
All
1987
38.8
30.2
29.3
26.5
22.0
21.5
27.6
FCA
Car
All
1988
39.7
32.7
30.3
27.8
24.5
21.4
28.3
FCA
Car
All
1989
36.5
30.7
28.5
24.5
21.2
27.9
FCA
Car
All
1990
35.3
31.6
28.7
25.2
24.0
27.2
FCA
Car
All
1991
37.0
32.0
28.6
25.0
23.8
27.3
FCA
Car
All
1992
36.8
32.6
28.8
24.7
23.6
27.2
FCA
Car
All
1993
42.5
37.0
32.3
28.9
24.8
19.2
25.1
FCA
Car
All
1994
41.8
35.8
31.9
28.3
24.3
23.0
25.7
FCA
Car
All
1995
41.8
37.4
31.9
29.0
25.4
22.4
27.3
FCA
Car
All
1996
41.7
33.9
31.1
29.7
25.4
23.0
26.3
FCA
Car
All
1997
31.2
29.8
25.8
22.8
12.8
26.3
FCA
Car
All
1998
31.8
31.6
26.1
20.9
27.2
FCA
Car
All
1999
31.1
27.9
26.8
23.8
13.4
26.3
FCA
Car
All
2000
32.5
30.6
26.3
23.2
13.5
26.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-30 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
Car
All
2001
34.6
31.9
26.7
22.9
13.5
26.8
FCA
Car
All
2002
36.1
31.5
26.4
23.0
13.6
26.4
FCA
Car
All
2003
37.1
32.9
26.8
22.8
13.5
27.2
FCA
Car
All
2004
37.1
32.5
28.0
23.9
22.2
21.8
27.1
FCA
Car
All
2005
33.3
32.1
27.9
24.7
22.7
21.8
26.3
FCA
Car
All
2006
27.9
25.2
22.3
21.7
25.3
FCA
Car
All
2007
30.3
24.8
22.2
21.6
26.9
FCA
Car
All
2008
30.6
26.2
22.0
21.6
27.8
FCA
Car
All
2009
35.3
30.8
26.5
22.6
27.5
FCA
Car
All
2010
33.6
31.6
26.2
22.9
27.8
FCA
Car
All
2011
35.7
31.6
28.1
22.7
28.3
FCA
Car
All
2012
44.8
39.9
35.7
31.4
28.0
23.5
29.6
FCA
Car
All
2013
46.2
40.3
165.0
33.2
28.7
24.0
30.7
FCA
Car
All
2014
46.6
40.2
165.0
32.6
29.2
24.4
23.1
29.8
FCA
Car
All
2015
46.6
39.9
82.7
34.9
30.4
24.3
23.1
32.2
FCA
Car
All
2016
46.6
39.2
101.1
33.5
30.6
24.3
23.7
30.8
FCA
Car
All
2017
46.6
39.5
106.5
32.4
30.6
25.0
23.7
30.4
FCA
Car
All
2018
38.2
97.8
33.5
30.2
24.4
23.7
29.1
FCA
Truck
Van
1975
18.8
14.3
11.5
11.2
12.6
FCA
Truck
Van
1976
19.5
14.9
13.6
11.5
14.2
FCA
Truck
Van
1977
19.6
15.5
13.3
12.3
13.8
FCA
Truck
Van
1978
19.2
14.9
12.9
12.6
13.4
FCA
Truck
Van
1979
15.8
13.7
11.7
10.6
13.8
FCA
Truck
Van
1980
18.3
17.7
14.8
12.8
11.2
16.6
FCA
Truck
Van
1981
19.9
17.8
15.6
13.3
11.1
17.4
FCA
Truck
Van
1982
20.4
18.0
15.4
13.2
17.7
FCA
Truck
Van
1983
18.6
15.9
13.0
18.0
FCA
Truck
Van
1984
29.7
25.1
23.9
16.7
14.7
13.1
11.2
20.2
FCA
Truck
Van
1985
29.8
25.8
23.2
17.2
15.1
13.3
12.0
21.0
FCA
Truck
Van
1986
29.4
26.5
24.1
18.4
16.5
15.0
12.2
22.0
FCA
Truck
Van
1987
29.3
27.1
24.4
21.2
16.7
15.2
12.0
22.3
FCA
Truck
Van
1988
27.8
24.7
22.8
17.4
15.7
12.9
23.0
FCA
Truck
Van
1989
26.5
24.3
23.2
16.4
15.5
12.2
22.6
FCA
Truck
Van
1990
26.4
25.4
23.0
16.9
16.2
12.4
23.0
FCA
Truck
Van
1991
26.2
25.7
23.2
17.9
16.2
22.8
FCA
Truck
Van
1992
27.7
25.9
23.1
17.0
15.3
14.6
22.7
FCA
Truck
Van
1993
27.9
25.3
23.2
18.2
16.2
15.2
23.6
FCA
Truck
Van
1994
28.3
24.7
23.0
17.9
16.6
15.7
22.4
FCA
Truck
Van
1995
27.7
25.1
23.0
17.1
16.4
15.3
23.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-31 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
Truck
Van
1996
27.7
24.2
24.0
20.5
17.1
14.7
22.8
FCA
Truck
Van
1997
23.7
20.6
17.5
14.9
14.4
22.7
FCA
Truck
Van
1998
24.2
21.8
17.3
17.1
23.3
FCA
Truck
Van
1999
23.9
21.8
17.8
17.3
23.0
FCA
Truck
Van
2000
24.5
21.7
17.4
15.7
23.4
FCA
Truck
Van
2001
24.8
23.7
18.9
16.4
23.4
FCA
Truck
Van
2002
25.8
23.6
17.3
15.5
23.8
FCA
Truck
Van
2003
26.0
23.9
18.3
24.5
FCA
Truck
Van
2004
25.7
24.1
22.5
24.5
FCA
Truck
Van
2005
25.7
23.3
24.3
FCA
Truck
Van
2006
25.7
23.9
24.4
FCA
Truck
Van
2007
25.7
23.4
23.8
FCA
Truck
Van
2008
24.3
26.0
24.4
FCA
Truck
Van
2009
24.3
26.0
24.6
FCA
Truck
Van
2010
24.1
26.0
24.4
FCA
Truck
Van
2011
25.7
25.7
FCA
Truck
Van
2012
25.9
25.9
FCA
Truck
Van
2013
25.6
25.4
25.5
FCA
Truck
Van
2014
25.9
25.3
25.9
FCA
Truck
Van
2015
31.5
25.8
26.1
FCA
Truck
Van
2016
31.5
25.9
26.1
FCA
Truck
Van
2017
31.5
27.5
106.1
27.8
FCA
Truck
Van
2018
31.5
27.2
78.7
29.6
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
16.8
13.2
13.1
10.6
14.6
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
17.8
15.4
13.8
13.3
11.2
15.0
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
18.6
16.8
14.7
14.3
11.9
15.8
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
18.1
16.8
14.5
13.9
12.0
15.6
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
17.2
15.6
16.9
12.9
12.1
15.1
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
19.7
16.3
17.0
12.9
12.4
16.8
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
20.9
17.2
17.3
14.9
13.6
18.4
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
20.2
20.5
15.1
13.7
17.7
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
20.5
20.3
15.0
14.1
17.7
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
22.6
20.7
20.1
14.0
12.1
18.3
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
22.1
14.4
14.0
15.0
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
22.8
21.2
19.1
14.5
13.6
19.1
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
22.4
21.8
14.7
13.1
19.9
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
22.3
20.3
14.6
14.6
19.2
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
22.1
20.2
19.4
14.5
13.2
19.2
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
22.1
20.5
20.6
14.6
14.3
19.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-32 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
19.8
18.4
14.4
14.9
19.4
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
22.5
19.4
19.3
16.7
15.0
19.8
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
22.5
19.6
19.7
16.5
15.3
20.0
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
22.1
19.4
18.2
18.9
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
22.4
19.4
18.3
19.3
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.8
18.5
19.0
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
21.0
19.1
19.8
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
20.3
19.6
16.7
16.5
18.9
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
21.5
20.2
18.5
16.4
18.8
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
20.3
20.1
18.2
17.1
19.0
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.5
20.0
18.6
16.8
18.9
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
21.8
20.0
19.4
17.6
19.4
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
22.1
20.8
21.0
18.9
20.5
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
22.2
21.2
20.1
18.0
17.0
20.2
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
20.0
20.8
21.8
18.5
17.1
19.8
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
23.8
20.2
21.8
19.2
18.3
19.9
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
29.1
21.8
21.4
19.4
18.6
21.6
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
30.0
22.5
21.8
19.7
18.4
22.3
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
28.9
22.3
22.0
19.8
19.4
26.9
22.7
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
29.8
22.1
22.3
19.5
19.8
23.1
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
30.8
22.6
22.5
23.9
19.9
23.8
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
29.8
24.3
23.1
23.9
19.2
23.6
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
30.0
25.2
23.3
23.8
19.4
23.8
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
30.2
27.3
24.0
25.2
22.0
25.4
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
30.8
27.8
24.2
25.4
22.0
25.9
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
30.8
28.4
23.6
27.4
22.2
26.9
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
31.3
27.9
23.4
27.2
21.3
26.4
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
33.0
29.3
26.4
27.2
22.5
17.9
27.9
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1975
18.7
13.5
12.8
12.0
10.8
13.0
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1976
19.8
15.3
13.1
12.5
11.3
14.0
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1977
19.9
15.7
13.8
13.3
11.9
14.5
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1978
19.1
15.3
13.3
13.2
12.0
14.5
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1979
23.9
16.6
12.3
11.7
11.7
15.0
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1980
24.7
18.2
18.0
13.8
12.8
11.4
19.8
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1981
25.1
23.6
20.2
18.3
14.9
19.9
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1982
29.6
27.8
23.7
22.5
18.7
15.3
13.7
21.2
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1983
33.7
29.0
26.1
24.7
19.0
15.1
13.4
23.4
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1984
30.0
27.8
25.3
20.6
17.7
14.2
12.5
19.4
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1985
28.3
26.3
22.3
17.2
14.9
13.4
18.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-33 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1986
28.7
25.3
23.0
17.8
14.9
13.0
20.2
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1987
29.9
27.4
22.5
18.6
15.2
13.7
21.2
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1988
29.6
26.9
21.7
19.0
16.1
13.8
20.8
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1989
29.6
27.4
20.7
18.2
15.5
14.0
19.9
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1990
25.0
22.9
19.7
16.0
14.0
19.1
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1991
24.5
23.2
19.3
16.0
14.2
12.4
18.8
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1992
24.6
23.0
19.3
17.3
15.2
13.9
19.2
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1993
26.4
22.0
19.5
17.3
15.8
14.2
18.9
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1994
23.6
20.7
18.1
15.9
15.2
18.8
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1995
26.0
20.3
17.5
15.8
15.1
17.8
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1996
23.2
19.9
17.6
16.6
15.1
17.4
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1997
24.6
20.3
18.0
17.1
16.0
17.7
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1998
26.8
20.9
18.6
17.0
16.3
15.5
18.0
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1999
26.4
20.2
18.0
17.3
16.2
16.2
17.7
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2000
25.7
21.3
18.9
17.0
16.1
15.8
18.4
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2001
25.6
20.4
18.9
17.1
15.5
15.8
17.3
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2002
26.0
20.8
19.2
18.3
16.5
15.3
17.9
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2003
21.1
19.9
18.9
17.1
16.1
18.2
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2004
22.2
20.4
18.0
17.0
16.0
17.9
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2005
20.8
18.4
16.9
13.0
18.2
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2006
20.8
19.7
18.5
15.8
19.0
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2007
21.5
18.8
18.5
18.2
18.9
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2008
21.4
19.7
20.1
17.6
20.2
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2009
20.6
20.0
19.9
18.4
19.5
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2010
21.0
20.3
19.7
19.8
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2011
21.1
20.1
19.7
19.9
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2012
21.1
20.5
19.5
19.7
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2013
25.7
21.6
20.0
19.8
20.4
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2014
25.6
22.6
21.5
20.9
21.5
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2015
25.7
23.6
21.8
26.2
22.6
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2016
25.6
23.9
22.0
25.5
22.6
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2017
24.7
22.0
23.5
22.4
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2018
25.0
22.7
24.8
23.2
FCA
Truck
All
1975
16.8
18.8
13.9
11.9
11.9
10.7
13.2
FCA
Truck
All
1976
17.8
15.4
19.7
14.9
13.4
12.2
11.3
14.3
FCA
Truck
All
1977
18.6
16.8
19.8
15.4
13.6
12.4
11.9
14.5
FCA
Truck
All
1978
18.1
16.8
19.1
15.0
13.2
12.9
12.0
14.4
FCA
Truck
All
1979
23.9
17.2
15.6
16.3
13.0
11.8
10.6
14.7
FCA
Truck
All
1980
24.7
19.7
17.1
17.8
13.6
12.7
11.2
18.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-34 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
Truck
All
1981
25.1
21.8
19.8
18.0
15.1
13.4
11.1
18.8
FCA
Truck
All
1982
29.6
27.8
22.0
21.6
18.5
15.2
13.6
19.4
FCA
Truck
All
1983
33.7
29.0
23.2
24.7
18.8
15.2
13.6
20.6
FCA
Truck
All
1984
30.0
28.4
23.6
22.6
17.2
14.2
12.3
11.2
19.4
FCA
Truck
All
1985
28.6
25.9
23.1
17.2
14.8
13.7
12.0
19.4
FCA
Truck
All
1986
28.7
25.8
22.9
17.9
15.5
13.9
12.2
20.7
FCA
Truck
All
1987
29.8
26.7
23.1
19.5
15.8
14.0
12.0
21.3
FCA
Truck
All
1988
29.6
26.5
22.3
21.8
16.2
14.5
12.9
21.4
FCA
Truck
All
1989
29.6
25.4
22.0
21.9
15.7
14.0
12.2
21.0
FCA
Truck
All
1990
23.0
22.9
22.3
16.2
14.7
12.4
21.4
FCA
Truck
All
1991
25.5
21.4
22.4
16.8
14.9
12.4
21.1
FCA
Truck
All
1992
24.2
21.4
22.3
17.2
15.2
14.6
21.4
FCA
Truck
All
1993
23.4
23.0
22.1
17.6
15.8
14.7
21.9
FCA
Truck
All
1994
22.7
22.1
21.1
18.0
16.0
15.3
20.5
FCA
Truck
All
1995
22.6
22.9
20.3
17.3
15.8
15.1
20.1
FCA
Truck
All
1996
27.7
20.4
21.8
19.5
16.6
15.1
20.2
FCA
Truck
All
1997
21.2
21.7
19.6
17.1
16.0
14.4
20.2
FCA
Truck
All
1998
20.9
21.9
19.9
16.8
16.3
15.5
20.0
FCA
Truck
All
1999
22.0
22.0
19.3
16.9
16.3
16.2
19.8
FCA
Truck
All
2000
20.4
22.5
19.6
17.1
16.1
15.8
20.3
FCA
Truck
All
2001
21.0
21.1
21.3
17.1
15.5
15.8
19.4
FCA
Truck
All
2002
21.9
21.8
21.1
18.0
16.5
15.3
20.0
FCA
Truck
All
2003
22.1
23.0
22.1
18.9
17.1
16.1
20.8
FCA
Truck
All
2004
22.2
21.5
21.6
18.0
17.0
16.0
19.7
FCA
Truck
All
2005
20.0
23.5
22.6
18.4
17.0
13.0
20.9
FCA
Truck
All
2006
23.8
22.0
23.0
19.4
18.4
15.8
21.0
FCA
Truck
All
2007
29.1
22.8
22.4
19.2
18.6
18.2
21.5
FCA
Truck
All
2008
30.0
22.5
22.9
20.8
19.8
17.6
22.4
FCA
Truck
All
2009
28.9
22.3
23.0
22.0
19.8
18.5
22.4
FCA
Truck
All
2010
29.8
22.1
23.2
23.1
19.7
22.9
FCA
Truck
All
2011
30.8
22.6
23.8
23.4
19.8
23.2
FCA
Truck
All
2012
29.8
24.3
24.4
23.0
19.5
23.1
FCA
Truck
All
2013
30.0
25.2
24.3
24.2
19.9
19.8
23.4
FCA
Truck
All
2014
30.2
27.3
25.0
24.8
21.6
20.9
24.5
FCA
Truck
All
2015
30.9
27.8
24.8
25.2
21.8
26.2
25.2
FCA
Truck
All
2016
30.8
28.4
24.6
26.7
22.0
25.5
25.6
FCA
Truck
All
2017
31.3
27.9
25.5
27.0
21.9
23.5
25.7
FCA
Truck
All
2018
32.8
29.3
26.7
28.1
22.7
21.9
27.2
FCA
All
All
1975
26.6
23.4
19.6
20.8
19.5
15.2
12.6
13.7
12.2
15.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-35 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
All
All
1976
24.6
26.1
21.2
20.6
19.5
17.1
13.9
13.6
12.1
16.3
FCA
All
All
1977
29.6
28.4
20.2
20.0
20.4
17.0
14.2
13.2
12.1
16.2
FCA
All
All
1978
28.1
28.2
20.8
22.0
19.9
16.8
14.3
13.4
11.4
17.6
FCA
All
All
1979
37.6
32.6
28.0
24.0
19.6
19.5
17.5
14.3
11.8
10.6
18.8
FCA
All
All
1980
38.8
31.3
27.5
24.7
21.9
19.9
17.5
13.6
12.7
11.2
21.5
FCA
All
All
1981
41.7
34.0
29.6
26.6
22.7
20.9
18.3
15.1
13.4
11.1
24.5
FCA
All
All
1982
41.7
36.2
31.1
28.7
24.7
22.0
19.2
15.2
13.3
24.5
FCA
All
All
1983
42.7
36.0
33.2
30.1
24.4
23.1
19.1
15.2
13.5
25.8
FCA
All
All
1984
44.8
36.2
31.2
28.8
25.5
22.6
18.2
14.2
12.3
11.2
24.6
FCA
All
All
1985
37.5
31.4
29.6
26.2
23.1
19.2
14.8
13.6
12.0
24.6
FCA
All
All
1986
39.3
31.7
29.6
26.9
22.9
19.8
15.5
13.9
12.2
24.8
FCA
All
All
1987
38.8
30.2
29.3
26.6
23.1
20.4
15.8
14.0
12.0
24.6
FCA
All
All
1988
39.7
32.7
30.2
27.6
22.8
21.7
16.2
14.5
12.9
24.7
FCA
All
All
1989
36.5
30.6
28.0
22.9
21.9
15.7
14.0
12.2
24.1
FCA
All
All
1990
35.3
31.6
28.1
23.9
22.5
16.2
14.7
12.4
23.9
FCA
All
All
1991
37.0
32.0
28.5
23.4
22.5
16.8
14.9
12.4
24.1
FCA
All
All
1992
36.8
32.6
28.2
23.2
22.3
17.2
15.2
14.6
23.7
FCA
All
All
1993
42.5
37.0
32.3
28.4
23.9
21.0
17.6
15.8
14.7
23.5
FCA
All
All
1994
41.8
35.8
31.9
27.6
23.1
21.5
18.0
16.0
15.3
22.2
FCA
All
All
1995
41.8
37.4
31.9
25.6
24.2
20.8
17.3
15.8
15.1
22.9
FCA
All
All
1996
41.7
33.9
31.1
29.7
23.6
22.0
19.5
16.6
15.1
22.2
FCA
All
All
1997
31.2
29.8
24.1
21.9
19.5
17.1
16.0
14.4
22.2
FCA
All
All
1998
31.8
31.6
24.8
21.8
19.9
16.8
16.3
15.5
21.9
FCA
All
All
1999
31.1
27.9
26.4
22.3
19.3
16.9
16.3
16.2
21.5
FCA
All
All
2000
32.5
30.6
24.8
22.7
19.6
17.1
16.1
15.8
22.3
FCA
All
All
2001
34.6
31.9
26.3
21.5
21.3
17.1
15.5
15.8
21.6
FCA
All
All
2002
36.1
31.5
26.3
22.1
21.1
18.0
16.5
15.3
21.8
FCA
All
All
2003
37.1
32.9
26.7
23.0
22.1
18.9
17.1
16.1
22.3
FCA
All
All
2004
37.1
32.5
27.9
21.8
21.7
18.8
17.0
16.0
22.0
FCA
All
All
2005
33.3
32.1
27.2
23.8
22.6
19.0
17.0
13.0
22.6
FCA
All
All
2006
27.8
23.6
22.8
19.6
18.4
15.8
22.5
FCA
All
All
2007
30.1
23.5
22.3
19.3
18.6
18.2
23.2
FCA
All
All
2008
30.5
25.0
22.8
20.8
19.8
17.6
24.1
FCA
All
All
2009
35.3
30.3
25.5
22.9
22.0
19.8
18.5
23.9
FCA
All
All
2010
33.6
31.1
25.1
23.2
23.1
19.7
24.3
FCA
All
All
2011
35.7
31.2
25.6
23.7
23.4
19.8
24.2
FCA
All
All
2012
44.8
39.9
35.7
31.0
27.0
24.3
23.0
19.5
25.0
FCA
All
All
2013
46.2
40.3
165.0
32.9
27.7
24.2
24.2
19.9
19.8
26.1
FCA
All
All
2014
46.6
40.2
165.0
31.9
28.4
24.9
24.8
21.6
20.9
25.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-36 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
FCA
All
All
2015
46.6
39.9
82.7
33.8
29.1
24.7
25.2
21.8
26.2
27.3
FCA
All
All
2016
46.6
39.2
101.1
32.4
29.5
24.6
26.7
22.0
25.5
27.0
FCA
All
All
2017
46.6
39.5
106.5
31.7
29.1
25.4
27.0
21.9
23.5
26.5
FCA
All
All
2018
38.2
97.8
33.0
29.8
26.2
28.1
22.7
21.9
27.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
32.1
27.4
25.5
19.5
25.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
32.6
29.6
26.2
20.7
26.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
33.3
28.3
26.1
20.3
27.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
31.5
27.4
26.1
20.1
26.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
30.6
26.7
25.1
21.1
26.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
33.1
32.6
31.3
23.1
31.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
34.0
31.2
30.8
23.8
30.5
30.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
41.3
34.9
33.7
25.0
28.7
30.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
46.0
37.4
32.1
26.0
25.5
32.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
45.1
38.3
32.2
32.1
26.5
23.6
31.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
36.5
31.4
29.2
27.7
22.8
29.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
37.4
32.9
29.2
27.6
24.1
30.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
38.8
34.2
30.3
27.5
24.2
29.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
38.3
34.5
31.1
27.8
23.8
30.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
36.0
34.7
32.2
27.3
25.2
30.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
35.0
32.0
27.6
24.9
22.2
28.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
35.6
35.0
28.1
25.0
22.3
18.9
29.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
35.7
35.4
28.3
25.0
23.0
18.9
29.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
42.8
37.0
34.2
28.9
25.3
23.4
19.4
29.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
36.4
34.7
28.9
25.5
23.3
19.8
29.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
41.8
35.8
36.1
28.6
27.2
23.4
21.7
29.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
40.0
37.5
36.4
28.6
27.4
23.1
23.0
30.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
38.8
35.9
28.6
27.4
23.5
29.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
38.0
35.8
29.4
28.5
23.4
23.0
30.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
37.1
35.7
29.8
28.2
23.3
29.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
37.9
33.7
30.5
27.1
23.4
28.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
37.1
33.8
30.6
26.9
23.1
28.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
36.8
34.9
32.5
27.5
23.6
28.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
35.2
33.0
27.2
23.4
28.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
36.1
34.2
27.2
25.9
28.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
36.1
34.3
29.5
25.5
29.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
36.0
34.6
29.4
25.0
23.1
29.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
36.8
32.5
25.8
31.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
36.7
32.9
25.8
20.7
31.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
38.1
37.1
33.2
27.5
25.0
32.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-37 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
38.0
37.4
34.5
27.5
25.3
33.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
37.9
37.9
35.6
28.0
25.7
34.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
40.5
45.7
38.4
35.4
28.0
26.6
35.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
41.4
48.5
44.2
42.1
27.7
26.1
39.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
54.0
41.4
48.1
44.3
41.6
28.5
31.8
40.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
54.4
46.5
44.0
43.3
30.0
29.3
41.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
46.5
43.7
42.6
31.1
27.8
40.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
55.7
52.2
47.1
43.6
41.6
30.8
27.4
39.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
55.3
52.4
46.7
44.2
42.6
32.3
27.8
40.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1975
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1976
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1977
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1978
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1979
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1980
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1981
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1982
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1983
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1984
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1985
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1986
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1987
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1988
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1989
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1990
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1991
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1992
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1993
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1994
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1995
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1996
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1997
24.1
24.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1998
27.3
24.0
24.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
1999
26.9
22.9
22.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2000
20.9
20.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2001
20.9
20.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2002
21.4
21.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2003
26.5
22.9
23.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2004
27.5
23.1
22.6
23.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-38 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2005
27.4
25.0
21.7
23.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2006
27.4
25.1
21.5
23.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2007
25.6
22.0
24.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2008
31.9
25.2
22.2
26.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2009
31.7
26.2
23.0
27.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2010
31.9
26.0
23.3
28.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2011
33.2
26.2
23.7
30.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2012
33.3
26.6
23.8
30.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2013
33.4
26.6
24.4
31.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2014
35.6
26.6
24.0
32.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2015
36.4
24.3
35.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2016
37.7
25.3
37.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2017
38.5
47.9
25.3
38.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
Car SUV
2018
38.2
40.4
38.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1975
32.1
27.4
25.5
19.5
25.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1976
32.6
29.6
26.2
20.7
26.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1977
33.3
28.3
26.1
20.3
27.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1978
31.5
27.4
26.1
20.1
26.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1979
30.6
26.7
25.1
21.1
26.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1980
33.1
32.6
31.3
23.1
31.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1981
34.0
31.2
30.8
23.8
30.5
30.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1982
41.3
34.9
33.7
25.0
28.7
30.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1983
46.0
37.4
32.1
26.0
25.5
32.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1984
45.1
38.3
32.2
32.1
26.5
23.6
31.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1985
36.5
31.4
29.2
27.7
22.8
29.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1986
37.4
32.9
29.2
27.6
24.1
30.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1987
38.8
34.2
30.3
27.5
24.2
29.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1988
38.3
34.5
31.1
27.8
23.8
30.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1989
36.0
34.7
32.2
27.3
25.2
30.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1990
35.0
32.0
27.6
24.9
22.2
28.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1991
35.6
35.0
28.1
25.0
22.3
18.9
29.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1992
35.7
35.4
28.3
25.0
23.0
18.9
29.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1993
42.8
37.0
34.2
28.9
25.3
23.4
19.4
29.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1994
36.4
34.7
28.9
25.5
23.3
19.8
29.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1995
41.8
35.8
36.1
28.6
27.2
23.4
21.7
29.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1996
40.0
37.5
36.4
28.6
27.4
23.1
23.0
30.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1997
38.8
35.9
28.6
27.4
23.7
29.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1998
38.0
35.8
29.4
28.4
23.6
23.0
30.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
1999
37.1
35.7
29.8
28.2
23.1
29.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-39 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2000
37.9
33.7
30.5
27.1
21.2
27.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2001
37.1
33.8
30.6
26.9
21.3
27.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2002
36.8
34.9
32.5
27.5
21.9
27.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2003
35.2
33.0
27.2
23.0
27.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2004
36.1
34.2
27.2
24.7
22.6
27.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2005
36.1
34.3
29.5
25.4
21.7
28.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2006
36.0
34.6
29.3
25.0
21.5
28.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2007
36.8
32.5
25.7
22.0
30.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2008
36.7
32.8
25.8
22.1
31.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2009
38.1
37.1
33.0
27.1
23.9
32.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2010
38.0
37.4
34.1
27.3
23.9
32.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2011
37.9
37.9
35.0
27.7
24.9
33.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2012
40.5
45.7
38.4
35.1
27.8
25.2
34.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2013
41.4
48.5
44.2
40.2
27.6
25.2
38.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2014
54.0
41.4
48.1
44.3
40.1
28.2
27.9
39.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2015
54.4
46.5
44.0
41.3
30.0
25.7
40.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2016
46.5
43.7
40.9
31.1
27.1
40.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2017
55.7
52.2
47.1
43.6
40.6
30.9
26.2
39.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Car
All
2018
55.3
52.4
46.7
44.2
41.2
33.2
27.8
40.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1975
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1976
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1977
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1978
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1979
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1980
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1981
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1982
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1983
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1984
31.0
31.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1985
29.3
27.0
27.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1986
27.1
27.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1987
24.1
22.4
22.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1988
24.6
22.4
21.8
22.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1989
24.8
22.3
21.8
23.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1990
26.4
24.9
21.3
25.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1991
26.5
25.6
26.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1992
29.1
25.7
27.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1993
29.1
24.9
21.8
22.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1994
31.2
26.1
22.7
23.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-40 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1995
23.0
23.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1996
26.1
22.9
23.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1997
22.6
22.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1998
22.7
22.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
1999
23.1
23.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2000
22.8
22.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2001
22.6
22.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2002
22.6
22.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2003
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2004
24.6
24.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2005
24.7
24.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2006
24.9
24.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2007
24.5
24.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2008
24.5
24.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2009
24.5
24.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2010
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2011
27.1
27.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2012
27.4
27.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2013
33.6
27.8
29.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2014
33.6
27.9
30.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2015
34.9
29.6
33.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2016
34.9
29.7
32.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2017
34.9
29.7
34.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Van
2018
34.8
34.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
21.2
21.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
21.4
21.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
21.9
21.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
22.0
22.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
21.0
18.7
19.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
20.4
18.5
18.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
20.9
19.0
19.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-41 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
19.6
19.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
19.6
19.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
19.6
19.3
19.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
20.3
19.0
19.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
19.0
18.5
18.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
19.4
18.7
19.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.8
19.2
19.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
21.0
19.5
19.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
20.9
19.5
19.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
20.2
19.8
19.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
20.0
19.8
19.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.2
20.1
20.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
20.2
19.6
19.0
19.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
25.3
24.1
20.3
19.2
21.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
26.2
24.4
21.0
18.5
18.0
17.4
20.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
27.1
25.6
21.2
20.5
18.1
17.4
20.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
27.1
25.6
22.4
20.6
18.0
17.4
21.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
25.4
22.9
21.3
17.8
22.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
30.8
28.5
21.7
21.0
18.1
17.4
22.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
30.7
27.9
24.6
21.4
18.3
25.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
30.5
29.2
23.9
21.5
18.3
24.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
32.1
30.7
23.5
21.6
19.2
25.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
31.7
30.5
24.0
21.6
19.3
25.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
31.9
30.7
27.1
20.9
19.2
27.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
33.2
34.9
27.5
36.2
19.5
28.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
32.8
36.4
29.2
29.0
19.6
19.4
30.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
35.5
36.6
29.7
28.9
20.8
20.0
33.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
35.0
36.5
28.9
28.3
20.7
19.7
30.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
35.4
37.0
29.3
28.6
20.8
19.7
31.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1975
23.6
23.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1976
24.5
24.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1977
25.0
25.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1978
25.9
20.6
25.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1979
23.7
15.5
23.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1980
26.6
23.1
16.3
25.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1981
29.0
27.2
22.1
17.7
27.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1982
28.3
27.9
23.9
17.4
27.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1983
30.1
28.1
24.3
17.5
27.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1984
29.0
28.4
23.1
17.6
26.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-42 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1985
28.8
26.9
23.0
17.5
25.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1986
28.9
26.3
22.8
20.8
25.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1987
29.8
26.9
22.4
19.1
25.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1988
29.6
26.7
23.1
19.8
25.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1989
29.6
27.0
22.5
19.8
25.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1990
27.9
24.1
21.2
26.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1991
27.7
24.7
21.6
26.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1992
27.7
24.9
21.3
26.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1993
28.1
25.1
21.1
26.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1994
27.8
25.3
21.2
25.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1995
27.3
25.5
20.4
19.0
24.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1996
27.3
24.8
21.2
25.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1997
26.6
25.1
21.2
24.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1998
28.8
26.6
22.4
25.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
1999
25.9
20.4
19.6
23.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2000
26.1
19.7
19.4
21.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2001
26.3
20.2
19.6
22.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2002
26.1
20.3
19.6
22.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2003
26.2
21.2
20.2
22.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2004
26.5
21.5
20.6
23.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2005
25.6
20.7
18.5
17.9
19.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2006
25.4
20.7
18.6
17.9
19.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2007
25.2
21.1
18.6
17.7
20.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2008
25.3
21.2
19.7
18.3
17.4
19.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2009
25.4
21.4
20.6
18.5
17.7
20.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2010
24.8
21.3
21.0
18.8
17.8
20.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2011
25.1
21.4
20.5
18.6
17.8
20.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2012
25.5
21.4
20.2
18.8
17.8
20.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2013
25.4
23.1
21.2
18.9
17.7
22.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2014
25.2
23.1
21.2
18.9
17.6
22.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2015
25.2
23.2
21.7
19.0
17.7
22.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2016
25.2
23.2
21.9
23.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2017
24.9
23.1
21.4
22.9
22.7
23.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
Pickup
2018
25.4
23.1
21.4
23.0
22.7
22.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1975
23.6
23.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1976
24.5
24.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1977
25.0
25.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1978
25.9
20.6
25.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1979
23.7
15.5
23.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-43 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1980
26.6
23.1
16.3
25.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1981
29.0
27.2
22.1
17.7
27.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1982
28.3
27.9
23.9
17.4
27.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1983
30.1
28.1
24.1
17.5
27.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1984
29.0
28.4
23.0
17.6
26.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1985
28.8
26.9
22.9
17.5
25.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1986
28.9
26.3
22.7
20.8
24.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1987
29.8
26.9
22.1
18.8
23.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1988
29.6
26.7
22.3
19.0
23.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1989
29.6
26.9
22.4
19.3
23.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1990
27.9
24.5
19.9
24.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1991
27.7
24.7
20.0
24.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1992
27.9
25.2
19.9
19.3
24.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1993
28.2
25.1
21.1
19.0
23.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1994
27.8
25.5
21.5
18.5
22.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1995
27.3
25.5
20.9
18.7
22.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1996
27.3
24.8
21.2
19.2
22.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1997
26.6
25.1
21.8
19.5
22.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1998
28.8
26.6
22.0
19.5
22.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
1999
25.9
21.6
19.8
21.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2000
26.1
20.9
19.7
21.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2001
26.3
20.8
20.0
20.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2002
26.1
20.9
19.6
19.0
20.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2003
25.8
22.8
20.3
19.2
21.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2004
26.4
23.2
22.0
18.5
18.0
17.4
21.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2005
27.1
25.6
21.7
19.8
18.0
17.4
20.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2006
27.1
25.5
22.1
19.8
17.9
17.4
20.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2007
25.4
22.6
20.4
17.7
17.8
21.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2008
30.8
28.1
22.0
21.0
18.3
17.8
17.4
21.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2009
30.7
27.6
23.9
21.4
18.5
18.1
24.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2010
30.5
28.3
23.0
21.3
18.8
18.2
22.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2011
32.1
30.3
23.2
21.3
18.6
18.9
24.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2012
31.7
30.0
23.3
21.3
18.8
18.9
23.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2013
32.1
29.7
26.3
21.2
18.9
18.9
26.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2014
33.3
32.9
26.6
25.7
18.9
19.1
27.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2015
33.5
34.9
27.7
25.7
19.0
19.3
19.4
29.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2016
35.4
35.3
26.1
24.1
20.8
20.0
30.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2017
35.0
35.2
27.2
25.1
22.9
21.9
19.7
28.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
Truck
All
2018
35.2
35.9
25.5
22.9
23.0
22.2
19.7
27.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-44 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1975
32.1
27.4
24.1
19.5
24.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1976
32.6
29.6
25.2
20.7
26.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1977
33.3
28.3
25.5
20.3
26.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1978
31.5
27.4
26.0
20.1
20.6
26.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1979
30.6
26.7
24.1
21.1
15.5
26.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1980
33.1
32.6
28.9
23.1
16.3
29.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1981
34.0
31.2
30.1
24.7
25.2
17.7
30.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1982
41.3
34.9
33.7
28.3
25.6
27.1
17.4
30.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1983
46.0
37.4
32.1
30.1
26.6
24.7
17.5
31.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1984
45.1
38.3
32.2
31.6
27.3
23.3
17.6
30.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1985
36.5
31.4
29.0
27.1
22.8
17.5
28.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1986
37.4
32.9
29.1
26.7
23.6
20.8
27.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1987
38.8
34.2
30.2
27.2
23.7
18.8
27.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1988
38.3
34.5
30.5
27.1
23.3
19.0
28.1
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1989
36.0
34.7
31.5
27.1
24.5
19.3
28.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1990
35.0
32.0
27.7
24.8
20.4
27.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1991
35.6
35.0
28.0
25.0
20.6
18.9
27.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1992
35.7
35.4
28.2
25.1
21.2
19.2
27.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1993
42.8
37.0
34.2
28.6
25.3
22.0
19.0
27.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1994
36.4
34.7
28.6
25.5
22.1
18.6
27.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1995
41.8
35.8
36.1
28.3
26.9
21.4
18.7
26.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1996
40.0
37.5
36.4
28.4
27.0
21.3
19.3
27.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1997
38.8
35.9
28.1
27.0
22.2
19.5
27.0
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1998
38.0
35.8
29.3
28.1
22.4
19.5
27.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
1999
37.1
35.7
29.8
28.1
22.1
19.8
26.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2000
37.9
33.7
30.5
27.0
21.0
19.7
24.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2001
37.1
33.8
30.6
26.8
21.0
20.0
24.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2002
36.8
34.9
32.5
27.4
21.5
19.6
19.0
25.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2003
35.2
33.0
27.1
22.9
20.3
19.2
25.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2004
36.1
34.2
27.1
24.4
22.1
18.5
18.0
17.4
24.5
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2005
36.1
34.3
29.5
25.5
21.7
19.8
18.0
17.4
25.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2006
36.0
34.6
29.3
25.1
22.0
19.8
17.9
17.4
25.3
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2007
36.8
32.5
25.7
22.5
20.4
17.7
17.8
26.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2008
36.7
32.7
26.3
22.0
21.0
18.3
17.8
17.4
27.6
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2009
38.1
37.1
32.9
27.3
23.9
21.4
18.5
18.1
29.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2010
38.0
37.4
33.7
27.5
23.1
21.3
18.8
18.2
29.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2011
37.9
37.9
34.6
28.5
23.5
21.3
18.6
18.9
29.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2012
40.5
45.7
38.4
34.8
28.4
23.5
21.3
18.8
18.9
30.9
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2013
41.4
48.5
44.2
39.1
28.3
26.3
21.2
18.9
18.9
34.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-45 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2014
54.0
41.4
48.1
44.3
39.1
29.7
26.6
25.7
18.9
19.1
34.8
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2015
54.4
46.5
44.0
40.1
32.3
27.6
25.7
19.0
19.3
19.4
36.7
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2016
46.5
43.7
40.4
33.6
26.2
24.1
20.8
20.0
36.4
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2017
55.7
52.2
47.1
43.6
40.0
33.0
27.1
25.1
22.9
21.9
19.7
35.2
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2018
55.3
52.4
46.7
44.2
40.5
34.3
25.5
22.9
23.0
22.2
19.7
34.8
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
31.4
31.4
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
32.9
29.5
32.6
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
36.4
33.9
35.5
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
33.5
33.9
33.7
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
30.9
29.9
27.9
29.0
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
33.6
32.5
27.1
29.2
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
36.1
33.6
28.5
30.8
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
40.5
36.1
30.8
33.4
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
44.7
36.6
33.6
35.3
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
44.0
36.0
33.5
35.2
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
44.4
36.4
32.1
30.4
33.8
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
47.6
37.9
32.2
31.8
24.7
33.6
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
52.0
38.1
33.1
31.8
24.3
32.8
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
60.4
39.8
35.9
31.9
29.7
23.6
31.8
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
60.3
39.6
34.9
32.6
29.2
23.4
31.3
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
44.4
37.3
31.7
28.9
23.4
30.4
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
44.7
37.3
32.9
28.8
24.7
30.3
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
52.8
41.4
36.9
29.8
26.2
24.2
30.9
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
52.3
41.5
36.5
30.1
27.1
24.0
32.2
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
50.5
42.9
35.9
30.5
29.9
24.0
32.1
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
55.6
41.4
36.6
30.6
28.9
24.0
32.8
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
41.3
37.0
30.8
28.2
24.3
31.8
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
41.8
36.9
30.7
28.0
24.3
32.1
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
41.3
37.2
32.0
29.1
24.3
32.0
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
40.9
36.2
32.1
28.6
23.5
30.9
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
76.4
40.7
36.0
29.9
28.5
23.2
31.0
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
75.6
66.4
39.3
29.0
28.7
26.0
32.2
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
75.3
66.4
39.3
31.4
28.9
25.5
32.0
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
75.1
66.4
38.9
38.6
30.1
26.5
32.7
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
73.8
66.4
38.7
38.7
30.5
26.8
32.7
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
74.3
66.4
38.6
38.7
31.0
26.4
32.8
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
73.8
66.4
39.2
39.4
30.8
26.9
33.5
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
39.8
39.2
30.9
27.2
33.9
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
39.9
39.6
31.8
28.3
34.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-46 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
40.1
39.8
32.0
28.4
23.8
34.6
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
40.2
41.7
32.5
28.3
23.8
35.6
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
40.9
41.2
34.7
29.9
25.7
36.5
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
41.2
43.1
34.7
30.3
25.7
38.1
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
41.4
42.6
39.4
32.1
40.1
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
43.9
39.6
35.1
40.4
40.6
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
47.4
43.8
40.0
36.6
41.7
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
48.7
47.1
40.1
33.6
40.9
43.0
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
48.0
46.4
40.1
39.7
80.3
42.9
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
46.4
46.1
42.5
42.6
53.0
44.0
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1975
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1976
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1977
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1978
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1979
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1980
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1981
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1982
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1983
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1984
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1985
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1986
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1987
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1988
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1989
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1990
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1991
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1992
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1993
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1994
20.4
20.4
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1995
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1996
19.9
19.9
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1997
19.4
19.4
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1998
27.4
21.1
25.1
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1999
27.5
21.1
25.1
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2000
27.5
21.2
25.5
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2001
27.5
21.7
26.1
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2002
29.7
21.7
28.8
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2003
29.7
29.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-47 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2004
29.4
29.4
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2005
29.7
29.7
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2006
29.7
29.7
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2007
29.9
29.9
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2008
29.7
29.7
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2009
29.7
29.7
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2010
31.2
27.5
31.0
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2011
31.2
27.5
30.9
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2012
34.1
28.1
32.3
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2013
34.1
30.8
28.7
33.0
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2014
34.2
30.4
28.7
33.4
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2015
39.4
32.4
28.7
37.1
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2016
41.5
38.8
32.9
38.5
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2017
40.6
30.1
38.2
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2018
40.4
30.1
38.7
Honda
Car
All
1975
31.4
31.4
Honda
Car
All
1976
32.9
29.5
32.6
Honda
Car
All
1977
36.4
33.9
35.5
Honda
Car
All
1978
33.5
33.9
33.7
Honda
Car
All
1979
30.9
29.9
27.9
29.0
Honda
Car
All
1980
33.6
32.5
27.1
29.2
Honda
Car
All
1981
36.1
33.6
28.5
30.8
Honda
Car
All
1982
40.5
36.1
30.8
33.4
Honda
Car
All
1983
44.7
36.6
33.6
35.3
Honda
Car
All
1984
44.0
36.0
33.5
35.2
Honda
Car
All
1985
44.4
36.4
32.1
30.4
33.8
Honda
Car
All
1986
47.6
37.9
32.2
31.8
24.7
33.6
Honda
Car
All
1987
52.0
38.1
33.1
31.8
24.3
32.8
Honda
Car
All
1988
60.4
39.8
35.9
31.9
29.7
23.6
31.8
Honda
Car
All
1989
60.3
39.6
34.9
32.6
29.2
23.4
31.3
Honda
Car
All
1990
44.4
37.3
31.7
28.9
23.4
30.4
Honda
Car
All
1991
44.7
37.3
32.9
28.8
24.7
30.3
Honda
Car
All
1992
52.8
41.4
36.9
29.8
26.2
24.2
30.9
Honda
Car
All
1993
52.3
41.5
36.5
30.1
27.1
24.0
32.2
Honda
Car
All
1994
50.5
42.9
35.9
30.5
29.9
23.2
31.9
Honda
Car
All
1995
55.6
41.4
36.6
30.6
28.9
24.0
32.8
Honda
Car
All
1996
41.3
37.0
30.8
28.2
23.1
31.6
Honda
Car
All
1997
41.8
36.9
30.7
28.0
23.2
32.0
Honda
Car
All
1998
41.3
37.2
32.0
29.0
23.4
31.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-48 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
Car
All
1999
40.9
36.2
32.1
28.5
22.3
30.6
Honda
Car
All
2000
76.4
40.7
36.0
29.9
28.5
22.4
30.8
Honda
Car
All
2001
75.6
66.4
39.3
29.0
28.6
24.9
31.9
Honda
Car
All
2002
75.3
66.4
39.3
31.4
29.0
25.3
31.8
Honda
Car
All
2003
75.1
66.4
38.9
38.6
30.0
26.5
32.6
Honda
Car
All
2004
73.8
66.4
38.7
38.7
30.4
26.8
32.6
Honda
Car
All
2005
74.3
66.4
38.6
38.7
30.9
26.4
32.7
Honda
Car
All
2006
73.8
66.4
39.2
39.4
30.7
26.9
33.3
Honda
Car
All
2007
39.8
39.2
30.7
27.2
33.5
Honda
Car
All
2008
39.9
39.6
31.3
28.3
33.8
Honda
Car
All
2009
40.1
39.8
31.5
28.4
23.8
34.2
Honda
Car
All
2010
40.2
41.7
32.3
28.3
23.8
35.1
Honda
Car
All
2011
40.9
41.2
33.6
29.7
25.7
35.4
Honda
Car
All
2012
41.2
43.1
34.6
29.8
25.7
37.4
Honda
Car
All
2013
41.4
42.6
38.1
31.7
28.7
39.0
Honda
Car
All
2014
43.9
37.8
34.0
29.2
39.0
Honda
Car
All
2015
47.4
43.8
39.8
35.5
28.7
41.0
Honda
Car
All
2016
48.7
46.3
39.6
33.4
40.9
41.7
Honda
Car
All
2017
48.0
46.4
40.2
37.2
80.3
42.3
Honda
Car
All
2018
46.4
46.1
42.0
39.7
53.0
43.3
Honda
Truck
Van
1975
Honda
Truck
Van
1976
Honda
Truck
Van
1977
Honda
Truck
Van
1978
Honda
Truck
Van
1979
Honda
Truck
Van
1980
Honda
Truck
Van
1981
Honda
Truck
Van
1982
Honda
Truck
Van
1983
Honda
Truck
Van
1984
Honda
Truck
Van
1985
Honda
Truck
Van
1986
Honda
Truck
Van
1987
Honda
Truck
Van
1988
Honda
Truck
Van
1989
Honda
Truck
Van
1990
Honda
Truck
Van
1991
Honda
Truck
Van
1992
Honda
Truck
Van
1993
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-49 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
Truck
Van
1994
Honda
Truck
Van
1995
25.5
25.5
Honda
Truck
Van
1996
28.5
28.5
Honda
Truck
Van
1997
24.9
24.9
Honda
Truck
Van
1998
27.0
27.0
Honda
Truck
Van
1999
24.1
24.1
Honda
Truck
Van
2000
23.9
23.9
Honda
Truck
Van
2001
24.0
24.0
Honda
Truck
Van
2002
24.2
24.2
Honda
Truck
Van
2003
24.2
24.2
Honda
Truck
Van
2004
24.2
24.2
Honda
Truck
Van
2005
26.0
26.0
Honda
Truck
Van
2006
26.1
26.1
Honda
Truck
Van
2007
24.7
24.7
Honda
Truck
Van
2008
25.2
25.2
Honda
Truck
Van
2009
23.9
25.9
25.2
Honda
Truck
Van
2010
23.9
25.4
24.9
Honda
Truck
Van
2011
27.8
27.8
Honda
Truck
Van
2012
27.8
27.8
Honda
Truck
Van
2013
27.7
27.7
Honda
Truck
Van
2014
29.0
29.0
Honda
Truck
Van
2015
29.0
29.0
Honda
Truck
Van
2016
29.0
29.0
Honda
Truck
Van
2017
29.0
29.0
Honda
Truck
Van
2018
28.8
29.3
28.9
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-50 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
20.1
20.1
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.0
19.0
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
26.9
19.2
25.1
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
26.8
21.1
19.4
25.5
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
27.1
21.1
19.4
25.9
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
27.1
20.5
26.2
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
27.1
22.2
25.1
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
27.9
21.4
22.4
25.8
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
27.6
26.5
22.5
24.7
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
27.5
26.4
22.3
24.4
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
28.1
26.4
21.8
24.1
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
28.1
26.4
22.4
24.5
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
26.4
27.7
22.4
25.0
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
26.4
28.0
22.3
25.3
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
28.4
23.4
25.7
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
29.2
24.0
23.0
27.0
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
29.8
24.0
23.0
26.3
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
33.3
32.1
26.2
23.6
28.1
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
33.4
31.8
26.2
24.0
29.1
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
33.4
31.6
26.9
25.4
30.4
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
38.6
35.8
26.6
25.4
32.4
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
38.1
34.5
28.4
31.9
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
39.3
32.2
28.8
32.6
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
39.1
33.3
28.7
33.9
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1975
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1976
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1977
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1978
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1979
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1980
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1981
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1982
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1983
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-51 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1984
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1985
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1986
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1987
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1988
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1989
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1990
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1991
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1992
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1993
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1994
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1995
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1996
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1997
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1998
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1999
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2000
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2001
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2002
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2003
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2004
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2005
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2006
21.4
21.4
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2007
21.4
21.4
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2008
21.4
21.4
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2009
22.0
22.0
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2010
22.0
22.0
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2011
22.0
22.0
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2012
22.6
22.6
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2013
22.6
22.6
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2014
22.6
22.6
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2015
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2016
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2017
27.4
27.4
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2018
27.4
27.4
Honda
Truck
All
1975
Honda
Truck
All
1976
Honda
Truck
All
1977
Honda
Truck
All
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-52 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
Truck
All
1979
Honda
Truck
All
1980
Honda
Truck
All
1981
Honda
Truck
All
1982
Honda
Truck
All
1983
Honda
Truck
All
1984
Honda
Truck
All
1985
Honda
Truck
All
1986
Honda
Truck
All
1987
Honda
Truck
All
1988
Honda
Truck
All
1989
Honda
Truck
All
1990
Honda
Truck
All
1991
Honda
Truck
All
1992
Honda
Truck
All
1993
Honda
Truck
All
1994
20.1
20.1
Honda
Truck
All
1995
25.5
25.5
Honda
Truck
All
1996
28.5
19.0
22.7
Honda
Truck
All
1997
26.4
19.2
25.1
Honda
Truck
All
1998
26.9
21.1
19.4
25.7
Honda
Truck
All
1999
27.1
21.1
24.0
25.3
Honda
Truck
All
2000
27.1
23.6
24.9
Honda
Truck
All
2001
27.1
23.5
24.6
Honda
Truck
All
2002
27.9
21.4
23.7
25.0
Honda
Truck
All
2003
27.6
26.5
23.3
24.6
Honda
Truck
All
2004
27.5
26.4
23.0
24.3
Honda
Truck
All
2005
28.1
26.4
23.5
24.7
Honda
Truck
All
2006
28.1
26.4
23.6
24.5
Honda
Truck
All
2007
26.4
27.7
23.3
24.5
Honda
Truck
All
2008
26.4
28.0
23.3
24.9
Honda
Truck
All
2009
28.4
23.3
25.9
25.4
Honda
Truck
All
2010
29.2
23.7
24.6
26.2
Honda
Truck
All
2011
29.8
25.1
23.0
26.4
Honda
Truck
All
2012
33.3
32.1
27.1
23.5
27.8
Honda
Truck
All
2013
33.4
31.8
26.9
23.6
28.5
Honda
Truck
All
2014
33.4
31.6
28.0
23.9
29.8
Honda
Truck
All
2015
38.6
35.8
27.8
25.4
31.5
Honda
Truck
All
2016
38.1
34.5
28.6
31.2
Honda
Truck
All
2017
39.3
32.2
28.6
31.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-53 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
Truck
All
2018
39.1
33.3
28.6
29.3
31.9
Honda
All
All
1975
31.4
31.4
Honda
All
All
1976
32.9
29.5
32.6
Honda
All
All
1977
36.4
33.9
35.5
Honda
All
All
1978
33.5
33.9
33.7
Honda
All
All
1979
30.9
29.9
27.9
29.0
Honda
All
All
1980
33.6
32.5
27.1
29.2
Honda
All
All
1981
36.1
33.6
28.5
30.8
Honda
All
All
1982
40.5
36.1
30.8
33.4
Honda
All
All
1983
44.7
36.6
33.6
35.3
Honda
All
All
1984
44.0
36.0
33.5
35.2
Honda
All
All
1985
44.4
36.4
32.1
30.4
33.8
Honda
All
All
1986
47.6
37.9
32.2
31.8
24.7
33.6
Honda
All
All
1987
52.0
38.1
33.1
31.8
24.3
32.8
Honda
All
All
1988
60.4
39.8
35.9
31.9
29.7
23.6
31.8
Honda
All
All
1989
60.3
39.6
34.9
32.6
29.2
23.4
31.3
Honda
All
All
1990
44.4
37.3
31.7
28.9
23.4
30.4
Honda
All
All
1991
44.7
37.3
32.9
28.8
24.7
30.3
Honda
All
All
1992
52.8
41.4
36.9
29.8
26.2
24.2
30.9
Honda
All
All
1993
52.3
41.5
36.5
30.1
27.1
24.0
32.2
Honda
All
All
1994
50.5
42.9
35.9
30.5
29.9
22.2
31.5
Honda
All
All
1995
55.6
41.4
36.6
30.6
28.4
24.0
32.4
Honda
All
All
1996
41.3
37.0
30.8
28.2
23.1
19.0
31.0
Honda
All
All
1997
41.8
36.9
30.7
27.4
23.2
19.2
31.0
Honda
All
All
1998
41.3
37.2
32.0
28.6
22.6
19.4
30.9
Honda
All
All
1999
40.9
36.2
32.1
28.3
21.8
24.0
29.6
Honda
All
All
2000
76.4
40.7
36.0
29.9
28.3
22.4
23.6
29.4
Honda
All
All
2001
75.6
66.4
39.3
29.0
28.4
24.9
23.5
29.9
Honda
All
All
2002
75.3
66.4
39.3
31.4
28.8
25.3
23.7
29.8
Honda
All
All
2003
75.1
66.4
38.9
38.6
29.5
26.5
23.3
29.1
Honda
All
All
2004
73.8
66.4
38.7
38.7
29.7
26.7
23.0
28.9
Honda
All
All
2005
74.3
66.4
38.6
38.7
30.2
26.4
23.5
29.1
Honda
All
All
2006
73.8
66.4
39.2
39.4
30.0
26.8
23.6
28.9
Honda
All
All
2007
39.8
39.2
30.7
27.6
23.3
29.3
Honda
All
All
2008
39.9
39.6
31.3
28.1
23.3
30.1
Honda
All
All
2009
40.1
39.8
31.5
28.4
23.3
25.9
31.1
Honda
All
All
2010
40.2
41.7
32.3
28.9
23.7
24.6
31.5
Honda
All
All
2011
40.9
41.2
33.6
29.8
25.1
23.0
30.4
Honda
All
All
2012
41.2
43.1
34.4
30.6
27.1
23.5
33.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-54 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Honda
All
All
2013
41.4
42.6
37.1
31.8
27.0
23.6
34.9
Honda
All
All
2014
43.9
36.7
32.6
28.0
23.9
34.7
Honda
All
All
2015
47.4
43.8
39.7
35.7
27.8
25.4
37.0
Honda
All
All
2016
48.7
46.3
39.4
34.1
28.6
36.7
Honda
All
All
2017
48.0
46.4
40.0
34.9
28.6
38.1
Honda
All
All
2018
46.4
46.1
41.3
36.6
28.7
29.3
38.6
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
34.9
34.9
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
34.5
34.5
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
34.3
34.3
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
34.8
26.5
33.1
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
35.7
26.9
23.8
33.1
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
34.9
26.9
23.7
32.7
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
34.8
28.8
28.9
24.9
31.1
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
35.0
28.5
29.2
25.2
31.0
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
35.8
28.5
29.2
24.9
32.7
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
36.8
29.2
28.6
23.7
30.9
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
35.9
31.6
29.5
24.5
32.7
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
35.8
31.0
29.1
23.8
31.0
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
35.6
31.8
28.6
23.1
30.6
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
35.8
29.5
26.7
30.5
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
36.5
34.0
29.6
26.8
30.0
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
36.6
33.9
31.9
27.0
25.4
31.0
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
36.6
33.8
32.4
27.4
24.1
30.8
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
35.0
32.2
26.5
23.4
30.1
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
35.0
32.3
26.7
23.4
29.2
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
35.0
32.4
26.8
24.3
30.2
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
37.2
32.2
30.2
27.5
29.8
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
37.1
36.8
31.1
27.3
32.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-55 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
37.2
36.6
31.4
27.8
33.8
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
39.0
36.6
33.2
28.7
25.2
33.8
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
40.2
38.7
32.5
28.3
25.2
35.9
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
40.2
44.4
35.3
28.1
24.9
36.4
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
41.8
41.6
36.1
30.9
24.2
37.7
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
42.1
41.6
35.8
32.6
23.5
38.7
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
40.8
40.4
36.0
32.9
22.8
38.0
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
40.8
41.3
37.8
32.7
25.9
37.2
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
40.8
41.4
40.0
35.9
26.3
39.9
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
40.9
43.4
40.3
44.0
26.3
24.8
41.3
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
44.0
43.7
41.4
40.5
26.8
25.0
41.5
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1975
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1976
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1977
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1978
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1979
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1980
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1981
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1982
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1983
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1984
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1985
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1986
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1987
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1988
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1989
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1990
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1991
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1992
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1993
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1994
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1995
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1996
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1997
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1998
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
1999
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2000
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2001
25.9
25.9
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2002
25.3
25.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-56 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2003
25.6
25.6
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2004
25.0
25.0
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2005
28.2
25.0
25.4
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2006
28.2
25.2
25.7
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2007
28.2
25.8
23.6
26.0
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2008
28.2
26.2
23.6
26.1
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2009
28.9
26.2
23.6
26.4
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2010
34.0
30.0
24.7
30.4
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2011
32.8
29.7
24.7
30.4
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2012
32.3
29.7
24.7
30.3
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2013
32.3
29.5
30.3
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2014
31.5
28.7
29.3
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2015
31.9
28.7
71.1
29.7
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2016
33.9
31.2
71.1
32.1
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2017
33.4
31.3
27.7
31.8
Hyundai
Car
Car SUV
2018
32.7
31.0
27.6
31.3
Hyundai
Car
All
1975
Hyundai
Car
All
1976
Hyundai
Car
All
1977
Hyundai
Car
All
1978
Hyundai
Car
All
1979
Hyundai
Car
All
1980
Hyundai
Car
All
1981
Hyundai
Car
All
1982
Hyundai
Car
All
1983
Hyundai
Car
All
1984
Hyundai
Car
All
1985
Hyundai
Car
All
1986
34.9
34.9
Hyundai
Car
All
1987
34.5
34.5
Hyundai
Car
All
1988
34.3
34.3
Hyundai
Car
All
1989
34.8
26.5
33.1
Hyundai
Car
All
1990
35.7
26.9
23.8
33.1
Hyundai
Car
All
1991
34.9
26.9
23.7
32.7
Hyundai
Car
All
1992
34.8
28.8
28.9
24.9
31.1
Hyundai
Car
All
1993
35.0
28.5
29.2
25.2
31.0
Hyundai
Car
All
1994
35.8
28.5
29.2
24.9
32.7
Hyundai
Car
All
1995
36.8
29.2
28.6
23.7
30.9
Hyundai
Car
All
1996
35.9
31.6
29.5
24.5
32.7
Hyundai
Car
All
1997
35.8
31.0
29.1
23.8
31.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-57 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Hyundai
Car
All
1998
35.6
31.8
28.6
23.1
30.6
Hyundai
Car
All
1999
35.8
29.5
26.7
30.5
Hyundai
Car
All
2000
36.5
34.0
29.6
26.8
30.0
Hyundai
Car
All
2001
36.6
33.9
31.9
27.0
25.7
30.5
Hyundai
Car
All
2002
36.6
33.8
32.4
27.4
25.0
30.0
Hyundai
Car
All
2003
35.0
32.2
26.5
25.2
29.3
Hyundai
Car
All
2004
35.0
32.3
26.7
24.6
28.2
Hyundai
Car
All
2005
35.0
32.4
27.0
24.8
28.8
Hyundai
Car
All
2006
37.2
32.2
29.8
26.8
29.0
Hyundai
Car
All
2007
37.1
36.8
30.5
26.5
23.6
30.0
Hyundai
Car
All
2008
37.2
36.6
30.9
26.8
23.6
31.7
Hyundai
Car
All
2009
39.0
36.6
33.0
27.3
24.9
32.3
Hyundai
Car
All
2010
40.2
38.7
32.7
29.6
24.9
34.9
Hyundai
Car
All
2011
40.2
44.4
35.1
29.3
24.8
35.4
Hyundai
Car
All
2012
41.8
41.6
35.5
30.3
24.4
36.6
Hyundai
Car
All
2013
42.1
41.6
35.4
30.7
23.5
37.4
Hyundai
Car
All
2014
40.8
40.4
35.3
29.5
22.8
35.8
Hyundai
Car
All
2015
40.8
41.3
37.1
30.1
26.0
36.0
Hyundai
Car
All
2016
40.8
41.4
38.3
31.9
26.4
37.8
Hyundai
Car
All
2017
40.9
43.4
37.5
31.9
26.8
24.8
37.6
Hyundai
Car
All
2018
44.0
43.7
38.1
31.5
27.2
25.0
37.1
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-58 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
24.0
24.0
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
23.5
23.5
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
23.3
23.3
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
22.8
22.8
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
23.0
23.0
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
23.5
22.1
22.9
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
25.1
24.3
24.5
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
24.9
24.5
24.6
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
25.8
24.8
24.9
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
31.1
29.6
23.7
29.2
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
31.1
28.5
23.7
28.7
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
29.5
28.5
23.7
28.5
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
29.5
26.9
26.4
28.1
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
29.0
26.9
26.0
27.3
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
29.1
26.9
25.7
27.5
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
27.1
26.0
26.4
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
27.3
26.0
26.4
Hyundai
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
40.6
37.8
27.3
25.8
29.1
Hyundai
Truck
All
1975
Hyundai
Truck
All
1976
Hyundai
Truck
All
1977
Hyundai
Truck
All
1978
Hyundai
Truck
All
1979
Hyundai
Truck
All
1980
Hyundai
Truck
All
1981
Hyundai
Truck
All
1982
Hyundai
Truck
All
1983
Hyundai
Truck
All
1984
Hyundai
Truck
All
1985
Hyundai
Truck
All
1986
Hyundai
Truck
All
1987
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-59 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Hyundai
Truck
All
1988
Hyundai
Truck
All
1989
Hyundai
Truck
All
1990
Hyundai
Truck
All
1991
Hyundai
Truck
All
1992
Hyundai
Truck
All
1993
Hyundai
Truck
All
1994
Hyundai
Truck
All
1995
Hyundai
Truck
All
1996
Hyundai
Truck
All
1997
Hyundai
Truck
All
1998
Hyundai
Truck
All
1999
Hyundai
Truck
All
2000
Hyundai
Truck
All
2001
24.0
24.0
Hyundai
Truck
All
2002
23.5
23.5
Hyundai
Truck
All
2003
23.3
23.3
Hyundai
Truck
All
2004
22.8
22.8
Hyundai
Truck
All
2005
23.0
23.0
Hyundai
Truck
All
2006
23.5
22.1
22.9
Hyundai
Truck
All
2007
25.1
24.3
24.5
Hyundai
Truck
All
2008
24.9
24.5
24.6
Hyundai
Truck
All
2009
25.8
24.8
24.9
Hyundai
Truck
All
2010
31.1
29.6
23.7
29.2
Hyundai
Truck
All
2011
31.1
28.5
23.7
28.7
Hyundai
Truck
All
2012
29.5
28.5
23.7
28.5
Hyundai
Truck
All
2013
29.5
26.9
26.4
28.1
Hyundai
Truck
All
2014
29.0
26.9
26.0
27.3
Hyundai
Truck
All
2015
29.1
26.9
25.7
27.5
Hyundai
Truck
All
2016
27.1
26.0
26.4
Hyundai
Truck
All
2017
27.3
26.0
26.4
Hyundai
Truck
All
2018
40.6
37.8
27.3
25.8
29.1
Hyundai
All
All
1975
Hyundai
All
All
1976
Hyundai
All
All
1977
Hyundai
All
All
1978
Hyundai
All
All
1979
Hyundai
All
All
1980
Hyundai
All
All
1981
Hyundai
All
All
1982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-60 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Hyundai
All
All
1983
Hyundai
All
All
1984
Hyundai
All
All
1985
Hyundai
All
All
1986
34.9
34.9
Hyundai
All
All
1987
34.5
34.5
Hyundai
All
All
1988
34.3
34.3
Hyundai
All
All
1989
34.8
26.5
33.1
Hyundai
All
All
1990
35.7
26.9
23.8
33.1
Hyundai
All
All
1991
34.9
26.9
23.7
32.7
Hyundai
All
All
1992
34.8
28.8
28.9
24.9
31.1
Hyundai
All
All
1993
35.0
28.5
29.2
25.2
31.0
Hyundai
All
All
1994
35.8
28.5
29.2
24.9
32.7
Hyundai
All
All
1995
36.8
29.2
28.6
23.7
30.9
Hyundai
All
All
1996
35.9
31.6
29.5
24.5
32.7
Hyundai
All
All
1997
35.8
31.0
29.1
23.8
31.0
Hyundai
All
All
1998
35.6
31.8
28.6
23.1
30.6
Hyundai
All
All
1999
35.8
29.5
26.7
30.5
Hyundai
All
All
2000
36.5
34.0
29.6
26.8
30.0
Hyundai
All
All
2001
36.6
33.9
31.9
27.0
25.1
29.9
Hyundai
All
All
2002
36.6
33.8
32.4
27.4
24.4
29.2
Hyundai
All
All
2003
35.0
32.2
26.5
24.3
28.5
Hyundai
All
All
2004
35.0
32.3
26.7
24.0
27.5
Hyundai
All
All
2005
35.0
32.4
27.0
24.3
28.2
Hyundai
All
All
2006
37.2
32.2
29.8
26.6
22.1
28.7
Hyundai
All
All
2007
37.1
36.8
30.5
26.4
24.2
29.2
Hyundai
All
All
2008
37.2
36.6
30.9
26.7
24.3
30.9
Hyundai
All
All
2009
39.0
36.6
33.0
27.3
24.8
31.7
Hyundai
All
All
2010
40.2
38.7
32.6
29.6
24.6
34.4
Hyundai
All
All
2011
40.2
44.4
34.9
29.0
24.6
34.7
Hyundai
All
All
2012
41.8
41.6
35.1
29.8
24.3
35.8
Hyundai
All
All
2013
42.1
41.6
35.0
30.4
25.1
37.0
Hyundai
All
All
2014
40.8
40.4
34.6
29.2
24.9
35.1
Hyundai
All
All
2015
40.8
41.3
36.3
30.0
25.9
35.3
Hyundai
All
All
2016
40.8
41.4
38.3
31.6
26.2
37.4
Hyundai
All
All
2017
40.9
43.4
37.5
31.5
26.3
24.8
36.7
Hyundai
All
All
2018
44.0
43.6
38.1
31.2
26.4
25.0
36.2
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
27.1
25.5
26.5
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
31.6
27.9
29.7
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
30.3
29.9
30.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-61 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
32.9
27.5
29.9
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
32.4
28.0
29.5
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
31.7
26.2
28.1
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
34.8
29.3
31.3
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
35.8
32.3
28.2
31.7
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
34.7
32.3
28.7
31.3
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
36.8
32.5
28.8
31.1
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
36.1
32.1
29.2
26.7
30.5
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
37.2
31.8
29.1
28.0
30.1
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
46.0
36.7
31.0
29.1
26.8
29.5
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
41.6
31.5
30.2
27.3
31.4
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
41.6
38.6
31.0
30.0
27.7
31.5
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
41.8
36.7
30.3
29.3
28.1
26.2
28.0
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
41.8
36.8
33.7
29.5
28.2
26.1
28.2
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
41.9
37.7
32.8
29.0
29.5
27.0
23.6
28.1
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
41.4
35.8
32.8
30.2
29.3
27.2
23.5
29.2
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
41.4
39.8
31.8
30.3
29.0
26.6
23.4
28.2
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
30.9
28.9
27.9
23.5
28.5
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
30.8
28.9
26.8
23.3
27.4
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
31.1
29.9
27.1
23.3
28.0
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
29.8
27.2
27.8
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
29.3
27.2
27.6
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
29.0
27.8
27.2
28.0
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
28.8
27.9
27.5
27.7
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
27.0
27.2
27.2
27.2
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
27.4
27.4
27.1
27.3
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
27.6
26.7
27.1
26.9
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
29.9
27.9
24.7
27.3
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
28.3
25.1
28.0
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
28.6
25.6
28.4
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
29.0
25.9
28.7
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
29.0
25.9
28.9
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
30.4
26.2
30.2
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
30.4
26.2
30.2
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
39.1
35.1
26.4
35.2
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
36.6
35.7
26.4
35.7
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
34.4
36.5
26.4
36.1
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
34.7
37.1
37.2
37.0
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
35.3
37.1
35.3
36.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-62 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
33.4
36.8
36.7
36.6
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
33.3
38.7
36.6
37.6
Subaru
Car
All
1975
27.1
25.5
26.5
Subaru
Car
All
1976
31.6
27.9
29.7
Subaru
Car
All
1977
30.3
29.9
30.2
Subaru
Car
All
1978
32.9
27.5
29.9
Subaru
Car
All
1979
32.4
28.0
29.5
Subaru
Car
All
1980
31.7
26.2
28.1
Subaru
Car
All
1981
34.8
29.3
31.3
Subaru
Car
All
1982
35.8
32.3
28.2
31.7
Subaru
Car
All
1983
34.7
32.3
28.7
31.3
Subaru
Car
All
1984
36.8
32.5
28.8
31.1
Subaru
Car
All
1985
36.1
32.1
29.2
26.7
30.5
Subaru
Car
All
1986
37.2
31.8
29.1
28.0
30.1
Subaru
Car
All
1987
46.0
36.7
31.0
29.1
26.8
29.5
Subaru
Car
All
1988
41.6
31.5
30.2
27.3
31.4
Subaru
Car
All
1989
41.6
38.6
31.0
30.0
27.7
31.5
Subaru
Car
All
1990
41.8
36.7
30.3
29.3
28.1
26.2
28.0
Subaru
Car
All
1991
41.8
36.8
33.7
29.5
28.2
26.1
28.2
Subaru
Car
All
1992
41.9
37.7
32.8
29.0
29.5
27.0
23.6
28.1
Subaru
Car
All
1993
41.4
35.8
32.8
30.2
29.3
27.2
23.5
29.2
Subaru
Car
All
1994
41.4
39.8
31.8
30.3
29.0
26.6
23.4
28.2
Subaru
Car
All
1995
30.9
28.9
27.9
23.5
28.5
Subaru
Car
All
1996
30.8
28.9
26.8
23.3
27.4
Subaru
Car
All
1997
31.1
29.9
27.1
23.3
28.0
Subaru
Car
All
1998
29.8
27.2
27.8
Subaru
Car
All
1999
29.3
27.2
27.6
Subaru
Car
All
2000
29.0
27.8
27.2
28.0
Subaru
Car
All
2001
28.8
27.9
27.5
27.7
Subaru
Car
All
2002
27.0
27.2
27.2
27.2
Subaru
Car
All
2003
27.4
27.4
27.1
27.3
Subaru
Car
All
2004
27.6
26.7
27.1
26.9
Subaru
Car
All
2005
29.9
27.9
24.7
27.3
Subaru
Car
All
2006
28.3
25.1
28.0
Subaru
Car
All
2007
28.6
25.6
28.4
Subaru
Car
All
2008
29.0
25.9
28.7
Subaru
Car
All
2009
29.0
25.9
28.9
Subaru
Car
All
2010
30.4
26.2
30.2
Subaru
Car
All
2011
30.4
26.2
30.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-63 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Subaru
Car
All
2012
39.1
35.1
26.4
35.2
Subaru
Car
All
2013
36.6
35.7
26.4
35.7
Subaru
Car
All
2014
34.4
36.5
26.4
36.1
Subaru
Car
All
2015
34.7
37.1
37.2
37.0
Subaru
Car
All
2016
35.3
37.1
35.3
36.7
Subaru
Car
All
2017
33.4
36.8
36.7
36.6
Subaru
Car
All
2018
33.3
38.7
36.6
37.6
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
26.8
26.8
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
27.0
27.0
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
27.8
27.8
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
27.9
27.9
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
28.0
28.0
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
27.5
27.5
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
27.1
27.1
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
28.6
28.6
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
28.8
23.0
26.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-64 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
28.7
23.0
27.3
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
28.9
23.2
26.4
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
28.9
23.2
28.4
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
28.9
31.1
23.4
29.6
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
30.1
30.8
23.4
30.4
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
30.2
30.9
23.4
30.5
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
33.4
33.5
23.4
33.3
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
36.4
33.8
23.4
35.4
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
36.6
36.1
36.4
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
36.9
36.0
36.5
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
37.9
35.6
36.7
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
38.1
35.5
36.8
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1975
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1976
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1977
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1978
27.2
27.2
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1979
27.5
27.5
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1980
26.0
26.0
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1981
28.4
28.4
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1982
29.8
29.8
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1983
29.6
26.6
29.5
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1984
29.9
26.5
29.7
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1985
29.6
29.6
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1986
30.0
30.0
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1987
29.8
29.8
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1988
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1989
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1990
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1991
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1992
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1993
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1994
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1995
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1996
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1997
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1998
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1999
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2000
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2001
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-65 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2002
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2003
25.7
26.6
26.3
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2004
25.4
25.4
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2005
25.8
25.8
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2006
29.0
26.5
26.9
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2007
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2008
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2009
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2010
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2011
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2012
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2013
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2014
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2015
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2016
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2017
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2018
Subaru
Truck
All
1975
Subaru
Truck
All
1976
Subaru
Truck
All
1977
Subaru
Truck
All
1978
27.2
27.2
Subaru
Truck
All
1979
27.5
27.5
Subaru
Truck
All
1980
26.0
26.0
Subaru
Truck
All
1981
28.4
28.4
Subaru
Truck
All
1982
29.8
29.8
Subaru
Truck
All
1983
29.6
26.6
29.5
Subaru
Truck
All
1984
29.9
26.5
29.7
Subaru
Truck
All
1985
29.6
29.6
Subaru
Truck
All
1986
30.0
30.0
Subaru
Truck
All
1987
29.8
29.8
Subaru
Truck
All
1988
Subaru
Truck
All
1989
Subaru
Truck
All
1990
Subaru
Truck
All
1991
Subaru
Truck
All
1992
Subaru
Truck
All
1993
Subaru
Truck
All
1994
Subaru
Truck
All
1995
Subaru
Truck
All
1996
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-66 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Subaru
Truck
All
1997
Subaru
Truck
All
1998
26.8
26.8
Subaru
Truck
All
1999
27.0
27.0
Subaru
Truck
All
2000
27.8
27.8
Subaru
Truck
All
2001
27.9
27.9
Subaru
Truck
All
2002
28.0
28.0
Subaru
Truck
All
2003
27.4
26.6
27.3
Subaru
Truck
All
2004
27.1
25.4
27.1
Subaru
Truck
All
2005
28.6
25.8
28.2
Subaru
Truck
All
2006
28.8
26.5
23.0
26.5
Subaru
Truck
All
2007
28.7
23.0
27.3
Subaru
Truck
All
2008
28.9
23.2
26.4
Subaru
Truck
All
2009
28.9
23.2
28.4
Subaru
Truck
All
2010
28.9
31.1
23.4
29.6
Subaru
Truck
All
2011
30.1
30.8
23.4
30.4
Subaru
Truck
All
2012
30.2
30.9
23.4
30.5
Subaru
Truck
All
2013
33.4
33.5
23.4
33.3
Subaru
Truck
All
2014
36.4
33.8
23.4
35.4
Subaru
Truck
All
2015
36.6
36.1
36.4
Subaru
Truck
All
2016
36.9
36.0
36.5
Subaru
Truck
All
2017
37.9
35.6
36.7
Subaru
Truck
All
2018
38.1
35.5
36.8
Subaru
All
All
1975
27.1
25.5
26.5
Subaru
All
All
1976
31.6
27.9
29.7
Subaru
All
All
1977
30.3
29.9
30.2
Subaru
All
All
1978
32.9
27.4
29.3
Subaru
All
All
1979
32.4
27.8
28.9
Subaru
All
All
1980
31.7
26.2
27.9
Subaru
All
All
1981
34.8
29.1
30.9
Subaru
All
All
1982
35.8
32.1
28.2
31.6
Subaru
All
All
1983
34.7
32.2
28.7
31.2
Subaru
All
All
1984
36.8
32.3
28.8
31.1
Subaru
All
All
1985
36.1
31.9
29.2
26.7
30.5
Subaru
All
All
1986
37.2
31.7
29.1
28.0
30.1
Subaru
All
All
1987
46.0
36.7
30.9
29.1
26.8
29.5
Subaru
All
All
1988
41.6
31.5
30.2
27.3
31.4
Subaru
All
All
1989
41.6
38.6
31.0
30.0
27.7
31.5
Subaru
All
All
1990
41.8
36.7
30.3
29.3
28.1
26.2
28.0
Subaru
All
All
1991
41.8
36.8
33.7
29.5
28.2
26.1
28.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-67 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Subaru
All
All
1992
41.9
37.7
32.8
29.0
29.5
27.0
23.6
28.1
Subaru
All
All
1993
41.4
35.8
32.8
30.2
29.3
27.2
23.5
29.2
Subaru
All
All
1994
41.4
39.8
31.8
30.3
29.0
26.6
23.4
28.2
Subaru
All
All
1995
30.9
28.9
27.9
23.5
28.5
Subaru
All
All
1996
30.8
28.9
26.8
23.3
27.4
Subaru
All
All
1997
31.1
29.9
27.1
23.3
28.0
Subaru
All
All
1998
29.8
27.0
27.5
Subaru
All
All
1999
29.3
27.2
27.4
Subaru
All
All
2000
29.0
27.8
27.2
28.0
Subaru
All
All
2001
28.8
27.9
27.5
27.8
Subaru
All
All
2002
27.0
27.5
27.2
27.4
Subaru
All
All
2003
27.4
27.4
27.0
27.3
Subaru
All
All
2004
27.6
26.9
27.0
27.0
Subaru
All
All
2005
29.9
28.1
25.0
27.6
Subaru
All
All
2006
28.5
25.6
23.0
27.3
Subaru
All
All
2007
28.6
25.6
23.0
28.0
Subaru
All
All
2008
28.9
25.9
23.2
28.1
Subaru
All
All
2009
29.0
25.9
23.2
28.7
Subaru
All
All
2010
29.4
30.9
23.4
29.7
Subaru
All
All
2011
30.3
30.6
23.4
30.4
Subaru
All
All
2012
39.1
32.8
30.7
23.4
32.2
Subaru
All
All
2013
36.6
34.6
33.3
23.4
34.2
Subaru
All
All
2014
34.4
36.4
33.7
23.4
35.5
Subaru
All
All
2015
34.7
36.7
36.2
36.5
Subaru
All
All
2016
35.3
36.9
35.9
36.6
Subaru
All
All
2017
33.4
37.6
35.8
36.7
Subaru
All
All
2018
33.3
38.3
35.7
37.0
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
27.4
26.1
19.5
21.6
10.2
26.5
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
28.5
27.0
20.7
21.0
27.5
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
30.5
28.5
17.8
20.5
28.8
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
30.4
25.8
19.5
14.1
27.2
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
31.5
27.8
19.7
13.3
28.6
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
33.6
31.0
22.9
22.2
19.4
31.2
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
38.9
32.3
25.4
23.0
18.5
34.2
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
38.3
33.9
28.5
22.1
18.9
32.8
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
33.6
32.6
30.3
24.0
19.9
30.0
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
35.4
30.8
26.0
23.5
21.4
28.4
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
33.8
26.4
23.7
22.2
29.5
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
32.9
26.0
23.7
23.0
18.4
29.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-68 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
31.8
27.8
24.4
22.2
18.5
11.5
10.8
28.3
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
31.4
30.6
25.2
21.8
20.7
12.4
12.2
29.7
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
31.1
31.4
24.0
22.6
20.6
12.4
12.8
29.3
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
31.8
30.9
27.0
24.3
18.9
12.9
28.3
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
32.6
31.8
26.5
24.1
21.1
12.9
28.9
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
32.7
31.3
26.6
24.7
22.0
14.5
28.7
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
32.7
30.7
27.5
23.7
22.2
14.1
26.5
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
31.0
29.1
23.7
22.2
13.6
27.7
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
31.7
29.9
23.8
23.2
28.2
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
30.1
29.0
25.5
24.0
15.4
14.9
27.8
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
31.1
29.3
25.2
23.8
15.0
14.9
28.1
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
31.0
29.9
26.9
23.3
15.0
14.9
28.4
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
29.7
26.5
23.2
16.0
14.9
27.9
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
30.5
26.2
23.0
22.8
15.2
15.0
28.2
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
30.8
26.5
22.9
20.9
15.0
15.2
27.8
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
31.1
28.8
24.4
20.3
14.5
15.2
28.7
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
32.0
29.2
25.5
21.6
13.8
15.2
29.1
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
32.1
28.8
25.2
22.5
18.9
13.8
28.2
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
31.6
29.8
26.4
22.4
19.7
16.5
13.8
28.4
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
31.3
31.0
27.4
23.3
19.7
16.8
15.4
29.6
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
30.4
29.1
28.6
23.5
19.1
16.2
15.7
14.3
28.4
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
30.6
29.7
27.9
23.1
19.1
16.2
15.7
14.4
28.8
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
30.4
32.1
29.0
25.2
19.1
16.2
15.5
14.5
30.8
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
30.6
34.7
29.8
25.6
17.7
16.2
15.8
14.5
32.7
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
33.1
35.4
29.7
25.5
17.8
17.3
16.5
33.0
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
33.2
34.4
29.6
26.8
20.5
17.3
16.9
32.9
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
33.1
34.9
30.0
26.4
23.9
21.1
19.2
15.8
33.3
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
33.2
37.2
29.7
28.1
29.0
21.4
18.9
15.8
34.4
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
35.0
38.3
32.7
28.4
29.0
22.1
20.5
15.8
36.0
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
44.8
38.6
32.1
30.0
27.9
21.5
20.2
17.2
36.3
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
44.8
37.7
34.1
29.9
26.5
21.1
20.5
17.0
36.6
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
42.1
37.2
33.1
29.9
25.3
32.5
21.3
17.2
35.1
vw
Car
Car SUV
1975
vw
Car
Car SUV
1976
vw
Car
Car SUV
1977
vw
Car
Car SUV
1978
vw
Car
Car SUV
1979
vw
Car
Car SUV
1980
vw
Car
Car SUV
1981
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-69 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
Car
Car SUV
1982
vw
Car
Car SUV
1983
VW
Car
Car SUV
1984
vw
Car
Car SUV
1985
vw
Car
Car SUV
1986
vw
Car
Car SUV
1987
vw
Car
Car SUV
1988
vw
Car
Car SUV
1989
vw
Car
Car SUV
1990
vw
Car
Car SUV
1991
vw
Car
Car SUV
1992
vw
Car
Car SUV
1993
vw
Car
Car SUV
1994
vw
Car
Car SUV
1995
vw
Car
Car SUV
1996
vw
Car
Car SUV
1997
vw
Car
Car SUV
1998
vw
Car
Car SUV
1999
vw
Car
Car SUV
2000
vw
Car
Car SUV
2001
vw
Car
Car SUV
2002
vw
Car
Car SUV
2003
vw
Car
Car SUV
2004
vw
Car
Car SUV
2005
vw
Car
Car SUV
2006
vw
Car
Car SUV
2007
vw
Car
Car SUV
2008
vw
Car
Car SUV
2009
vw
Car
Car SUV
2010
vw
Car
Car SUV
2011
vw
Car
Car SUV
2012
30.8
30.8
vw
Car
Car SUV
2013
30.1
30.1
vw
Car
Car SUV
2014
29.4
29.4
vw
Car
Car SUV
2015
29.4
29.4
vw
Car
Car SUV
2016
29.2
29.2
vw
Car
Car SUV
2017
28.8
28.8
vw
Car
Car SUV
2018
33.6
33.6
vw
Car
All
1975
27.4
26.1
19.5
21.6
10.2
26.5
vw
Car
All
1976
28.5
27.0
20.7
21.0
27.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-70 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
Car
All
1977
30.5
28.5
17.8
20.5
28.8
vw
Car
All
1978
30.4
25.8
19.5
14.1
27.2
VW
Car
All
1979
31.5
27.8
19.7
13.3
28.6
vw
Car
All
1980
33.6
31.0
22.9
22.2
19.4
31.2
vw
Car
All
1981
38.9
32.3
25.4
23.0
18.5
34.2
vw
Car
All
1982
38.3
33.9
28.5
22.1
18.9
32.8
vw
Car
All
1983
33.6
32.6
30.3
24.0
19.9
30.0
vw
Car
All
1984
35.4
30.8
26.0
23.5
21.4
28.4
vw
Car
All
1985
33.8
26.4
23.7
22.2
29.5
vw
Car
All
1986
32.9
26.0
23.7
23.0
18.4
29.0
vw
Car
All
1987
31.8
27.8
24.4
22.2
18.5
11.5
10.8
28.3
vw
Car
All
1988
31.4
30.6
25.2
21.8
20.7
12.4
12.2
29.7
vw
Car
All
1989
31.1
31.4
24.0
22.6
20.6
12.4
12.8
29.3
vw
Car
All
1990
31.8
30.9
27.0
24.3
18.9
12.9
28.3
vw
Car
All
1991
32.6
31.8
26.5
24.1
21.1
12.9
28.9
vw
Car
All
1992
32.7
31.3
26.6
24.7
22.0
14.5
28.7
vw
Car
All
1993
32.7
30.7
27.5
23.7
22.2
14.1
26.5
vw
Car
All
1994
31.0
29.1
23.7
22.2
13.6
27.7
vw
Car
All
1995
31.7
29.9
23.8
23.2
28.2
vw
Car
All
1996
30.1
29.0
25.5
24.0
15.4
14.9
27.8
vw
Car
All
1997
31.1
29.3
25.2
23.8
15.0
14.9
28.1
vw
Car
All
1998
31.0
29.9
26.9
23.3
15.0
14.9
28.4
vw
Car
All
1999
29.7
26.5
23.2
16.0
14.9
27.9
vw
Car
All
2000
30.5
26.2
23.0
22.8
15.2
15.0
28.2
vw
Car
All
2001
30.8
26.5
22.9
20.9
15.0
15.2
27.8
vw
Car
All
2002
31.1
28.8
24.4
20.3
14.5
15.2
28.7
vw
Car
All
2003
32.0
29.2
25.5
21.6
13.8
15.2
29.1
vw
Car
All
2004
32.1
28.8
25.2
22.5
18.9
13.8
28.2
vw
Car
All
2005
31.6
29.8
26.4
22.4
19.7
16.5
13.8
28.4
vw
Car
All
2006
31.3
31.0
27.4
23.3
19.7
16.8
15.4
29.6
vw
Car
All
2007
30.4
29.1
28.6
23.5
19.1
16.2
15.7
14.3
28.4
vw
Car
All
2008
30.6
29.7
27.9
23.1
19.1
16.2
15.7
14.4
28.8
vw
Car
All
2009
30.4
32.1
29.0
25.2
19.1
16.2
15.5
14.5
30.8
vw
Car
All
2010
30.6
34.7
29.8
25.6
17.7
16.2
15.8
14.5
32.7
vw
Car
All
2011
33.1
35.4
29.7
25.5
17.8
17.3
16.5
33.0
vw
Car
All
2012
33.2
34.4
29.8
26.8
20.5
17.3
16.9
32.8
vw
Car
All
2013
33.1
34.9
30.0
26.4
23.9
21.1
19.2
15.8
33.2
vw
Car
All
2014
33.2
37.2
29.6
28.1
29.0
21.4
18.9
15.8
34.2
vw
Car
All
2015
35.0
38.3
32.3
28.4
29.0
22.1
20.5
15.8
35.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-71 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
Car
All
2016
44.8
38.6
31.4
30.0
27.9
21.5
20.2
17.2
35.8
vw
Car
All
2017
44.8
37.7
32.8
29.9
26.5
21.1
20.5
17.0
36.1
VW
Car
All
2018
42.1
37.2
33.2
29.9
25.3
32.5
21.3
17.2
35.0
vw
Truck
Van
1975
21.2
20.7
20.7
vw
Truck
Van
1976
19.9
19.9
vw
Truck
Van
1977
22.2
22.2
vw
Truck
Van
1978
20.0
20.0
vw
Truck
Van
1979
18.7
18.7
vw
Truck
Van
1980
19.2
18.4
19.0
vw
Truck
Van
1981
18.8
18.0
18.5
vw
Truck
Van
1982
21.8
21.4
21.7
vw
Truck
Van
1983
19.5
18.6
19.3
vw
Truck
Van
1984
20.9
20.1
20.7
vw
Truck
Van
1985
21.5
20.9
21.3
vw
Truck
Van
1986
20.3
18.4
19.2
vw
Truck
Van
1987
20.3
18.3
18.9
vw
Truck
Van
1988
20.3
19.7
19.9
vw
Truck
Van
1989
21.1
18.6
20.8
vw
Truck
Van
1990
20.9
18.5
20.8
vw
Truck
Van
1991
21.0
18.5
20.9
vw
Truck
Van
1992
vw
Truck
Van
1993
21.3
20.3
21.0
vw
Truck
Van
1994
21.0
19.4
20.1
vw
Truck
Van
1995
19.6
19.6
vw
Truck
Van
1996
vw
Truck
Van
1997
20.1
18.5
18.5
vw
Truck
Van
1998
vw
Truck
Van
1999
19.5
18.5
19.1
vw
Truck
Van
2000
19.7
18.5
19.0
vw
Truck
Van
2001
21.0
20.0
20.7
vw
Truck
Van
2002
21.0
20.0
20.9
vw
Truck
Van
2003
20.9
20.0
20.9
vw
Truck
Van
2004
vw
Truck
Van
2005
vw
Truck
Van
2006
vw
Truck
Van
2007
vw
Truck
Van
2008
vw
Truck
Van
2009
vw
Truck
Van
2010
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-72 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
Truck
Van
2011
vw
Truck
Van
2012
VW
Truck
Van
2013
vw
Truck
Van
2014
vw
Truck
Van
2015
vw
Truck
Van
2016
vw
Truck
Van
2017
vw
Truck
Van
2018
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
18.0
18.0
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
19.6
18.6
22.8
18.7
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
19.6
19.0
19.1
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-73 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
19.6
18.9
21.7
19.1
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
19.8
18.2
19.5
VW
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
20.7
20.5
18.0
20.1
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
26.7
25.7
20.7
20.8
20.4
23.5
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
26.7
25.7
20.7
21.4
23.3
24.8
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
28.0
27.6
24.5
24.5
25.2
26.6
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
30.8
27.5
25.4
24.6
24.6
26.9
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
29.6
29.1
25.7
23.5
24.9
27.1
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
29.3
29.3
25.8
23.2
28.1
27.2
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
29.2
28.3
27.6
23.0
28.8
27.0
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
28.9
28.2
26.2
30.1
28.1
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
28.2
27.9
27.3
33.8
18.4
27.7
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
29.8
31.4
29.1
26.7
27.7
18.4
29.0
vw
Truck
Pickup
1975
vw
Truck
Pickup
1976
vw
Truck
Pickup
1977
vw
Truck
Pickup
1978
vw
Truck
Pickup
1979
vw
Truck
Pickup
1980
32.0
23.7
31.3
vw
Truck
Pickup
1981
41.5
28.5
36.9
vw
Truck
Pickup
1982
43.5
29.9
39.2
vw
Truck
Pickup
1983
43.9
30.3
35.7
vw
Truck
Pickup
1984
vw
Truck
Pickup
1985
vw
Truck
Pickup
1986
vw
Truck
Pickup
1987
vw
Truck
Pickup
1988
vw
Truck
Pickup
1989
vw
Truck
Pickup
1990
vw
Truck
Pickup
1991
vw
Truck
Pickup
1992
vw
Truck
Pickup
1993
vw
Truck
Pickup
1994
vw
Truck
Pickup
1995
vw
Truck
Pickup
1996
vw
Truck
Pickup
1997
vw
Truck
Pickup
1998
vw
Truck
Pickup
1999
vw
Truck
Pickup
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-74 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
Truck
Pickup
2001
vw
Truck
Pickup
2002
VW
Truck
Pickup
2003
vw
Truck
Pickup
2004
vw
Truck
Pickup
2005
vw
Truck
Pickup
2006
vw
Truck
Pickup
2007
vw
Truck
Pickup
2008
vw
Truck
Pickup
2009
vw
Truck
Pickup
2010
vw
Truck
Pickup
2011
vw
Truck
Pickup
2012
vw
Truck
Pickup
2013
vw
Truck
Pickup
2014
vw
Truck
Pickup
2015
vw
Truck
Pickup
2016
vw
Truck
Pickup
2017
vw
Truck
Pickup
2018
vw
Truck
All
1975
21.2
20.7
20.7
vw
Truck
All
1976
19.9
19.9
vw
Truck
All
1977
22.2
22.2
vw
Truck
All
1978
20.0
20.0
vw
Truck
All
1979
18.7
18.7
vw
Truck
All
1980
32.0
23.7
19.2
18.4
25.2
vw
Truck
All
1981
41.5
28.5
18.8
18.0
29.5
vw
Truck
All
1982
43.5
29.9
21.8
21.4
27.8
vw
Truck
All
1983
43.9
30.3
19.5
18.6
20.3
vw
Truck
All
1984
20.9
20.1
20.7
vw
Truck
All
1985
21.5
20.9
21.3
vw
Truck
All
1986
20.3
18.4
19.2
vw
Truck
All
1987
20.3
18.3
18.9
vw
Truck
All
1988
20.3
19.7
19.9
vw
Truck
All
1989
21.1
18.6
20.8
vw
Truck
All
1990
20.9
18.5
20.8
vw
Truck
All
1991
21.0
18.5
20.9
vw
Truck
All
1992
vw
Truck
All
1993
21.3
20.3
21.0
vw
Truck
All
1994
21.0
19.4
20.1
vw
Truck
All
1995
19.6
19.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-75 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
Truck
All
1996
vw
Truck
All
1997
20.1
18.5
18.5
VW
Truck
All
1998
vw
Truck
All
1999
19.5
18.5
19.1
vw
Truck
All
2000
19.7
18.5
19.0
vw
Truck
All
2001
21.0
20.0
20.7
vw
Truck
All
2002
21.0
20.0
20.9
vw
Truck
All
2003
20.9
18.4
20.2
vw
Truck
All
2004
19.6
18.6
22.8
18.7
vw
Truck
All
2005
19.6
19.0
19.1
vw
Truck
All
2006
19.6
18.9
21.7
19.1
vw
Truck
All
2007
19.8
18.2
19.5
vw
Truck
All
2008
20.7
20.5
18.0
20.1
vw
Truck
All
2009
26.7
25.7
20.7
20.8
20.4
23.5
vw
Truck
All
2010
26.7
25.7
20.7
21.4
23.3
24.8
vw
Truck
All
2011
28.0
27.6
24.5
24.5
25.2
26.6
vw
Truck
All
2012
30.8
27.5
25.4
24.6
24.6
26.9
vw
Truck
All
2013
29.6
29.1
25.7
23.5
24.9
27.1
vw
Truck
All
2014
29.3
29.3
25.8
23.2
28.1
27.2
vw
Truck
All
2015
29.2
28.3
27.6
23.0
28.8
27.0
vw
Truck
All
2016
28.9
28.2
26.2
30.1
28.1
vw
Truck
All
2017
28.2
27.9
27.3
33.8
18.4
27.7
vw
Truck
All
2018
29.8
31.4
29.1
26.7
27.7
18.4
29.0
vw
All
All
1975
27.4
26.1
19.5
21.6
18.6
26.4
vw
All
All
1976
28.5
27.0
20.7
21.0
19.9
27.4
vw
All
All
1977
30.5
28.5
17.8
20.5
22.2
28.8
vw
All
All
1978
30.4
25.8
19.5
17.8
27.1
vw
All
All
1979
31.5
27.8
19.7
17.7
28.0
vw
All
All
1980
33.5
30.8
22.9
22.2
19.3
18.4
30.5
vw
All
All
1981
39.1
31.8
25.4
23.0
18.7
18.0
33.5
vw
All
All
1982
38.8
33.7
28.5
22.1
21.2
21.4
32.2
vw
All
All
1983
33.7
32.5
30.3
24.0
19.6
18.6
28.8
vw
All
All
1984
35.4
30.8
26.0
23.5
21.1
20.1
27.7
vw
All
All
1985
33.8
26.4
23.7
21.8
20.9
28.8
vw
All
All
1986
32.9
26.0
23.7
22.3
18.4
28.5
vw
All
All
1987
31.8
27.8
24.4
21.8
18.4
11.5
10.8
27.7
vw
All
All
1988
31.4
30.6
25.2
21.4
20.0
12.4
12.2
29.4
vw
All
All
1989
31.1
31.4
24.0
22.6
20.9
18.6
12.4
12.8
29.1
vw
All
All
1990
31.8
30.9
27.0
24.3
20.2
18.5
12.9
27.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-76 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
VW
All
All
1991
32.6
31.8
26.5
24.1
21.0
18.5
12.9
28.5
vw
All
All
1992
32.7
31.3
26.6
24.7
22.0
14.5
28.7
VW
All
All
1993
32.7
30.7
27.5
23.7
21.6
20.3
14.1
25.5
vw
All
All
1994
31.0
29.1
23.7
22.2
19.4
13.6
27.7
vw
All
All
1995
31.7
29.9
23.8
23.2
19.6
28.0
vw
All
All
1996
30.1
29.0
25.5
24.0
15.4
14.9
27.8
vw
All
All
1997
31.1
29.3
25.2
23.8
20.1
18.0
14.9
28.0
vw
All
All
1998
31.0
29.9
26.9
23.3
15.0
14.9
28.4
vw
All
All
1999
29.7
26.5
23.2
19.5
16.0
18.0
27.8
vw
All
All
2000
30.5
26.2
23.0
20.8
18.5
15.0
28.1
vw
All
All
2001
30.8
26.5
22.9
20.9
20.0
15.0
15.2
27.7
vw
All
All
2002
31.1
28.8
24.4
20.6
20.0
14.5
15.2
28.5
vw
All
All
2003
32.0
29.2
25.5
21.3
18.4
13.8
15.2
28.9
vw
All
All
2004
32.1
28.8
25.2
22.5
19.6
18.6
20.0
26.1
vw
All
All
2005
31.6
29.8
26.4
22.4
19.6
18.7
13.8
26.5
vw
All
All
2006
31.3
31.0
27.4
23.3
19.6
18.8
16.2
28.4
vw
All
All
2007
30.4
29.1
28.6
23.5
19.1
19.6
16.9
14.3
27.3
vw
All
All
2008
30.6
29.7
27.9
23.1
19.4
20.4
17.3
14.4
27.3
vw
All
All
2009
30.4
32.1
28.4
25.5
19.3
20.7
19.1
14.5
29.4
vw
All
All
2010
30.6
34.7
28.9
25.6
17.7
21.2
21.3
14.5
31.2
vw
All
All
2011
33.1
35.4
29.2
26.6
24.5
24.3
23.6
31.4
vw
All
All
2012
33.2
34.4
29.9
27.2
25.4
22.9
22.7
31.9
vw
All
All
2013
33.1
34.9
30.0
27.9
25.5
23.2
23.7
15.8
32.2
vw
All
All
2014
33.2
37.2
29.6
28.9
26.2
23.1
24.1
15.8
32.7
vw
All
All
2015
35.0
38.3
32.0
28.3
28.1
23.0
26.6
15.8
33.8
vw
All
All
2016
44.8
38.6
30.9
28.8
26.4
29.5
20.2
17.2
33.8
vw
All
All
2017
44.8
37.7
31.7
28.3
27.2
31.1
19.3
17.0
33.6
vw
All
All
2018
42.1
36.8
32.6
29.2
26.6
29.0
19.6
17.2
32.2
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-77 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
31.7
31.7
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
32.9
32.9
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
31.0
31.0
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
28.9
28.9
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
30.8
30.8
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
30.7
30.7
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
30.7
30.7
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
29.8
29.8
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
32.9
30.1
25.9
30.3
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
32.4
29.2
25.0
29.4
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
33.2
29.2
27.8
30.1
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
31.8
31.4
28.1
22.6
28.9
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
31.4
32.3
28.4
23.1
29.2
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
38.3
33.1
30.1
23.1
32.4
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
38.2
34.9
31.0
26.2
33.0
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
38.2
35.2
31.5
26.8
33.3
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
39.5
35.2
31.8
26.2
34.8
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
40.5
36.2
33.0
27.3
36.1
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
40.4
36.2
36.4
36.6
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
42.0
35.9
36.7
48.7
36.7
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
42.1
35.5
36.5
50.4
36.9
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
40.9
35.9
35.1
31.0
35.5
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
40.9
36.5
35.0
31.7
22.7
35.6
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
40.9
36.8
39.4
33.4
25.9
22.6
37.6
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
40.8
40.3
44.1
36.1
25.9
22.6
41.1
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
43.3
39.5
45.9
32.9
27.5
22.6
40.5
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1975
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1976
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1977
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1978
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1979
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1980
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-78 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1981
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1982
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1983
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1984
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1985
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1986
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1987
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1988
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1989
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1990
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1991
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1992
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1993
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1994
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1995
25.6
25.6
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1996
24.9
24.9
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1997
23.3
23.3
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1998
24.4
24.4
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1999
24.4
24.4
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2000
23.3
23.3
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2001
22.9
22.9
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2002
23.1
23.1
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2003
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2004
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2005
28.3
25.4
26.2
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2006
28.3
25.4
26.4
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2007
28.2
25.4
22.2
25.2
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2008
28.1
25.4
23.1
25.1
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2009
28.9
26.6
23.5
26.1
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2010
28.9
26.6
23.8
28.7
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2011
32.7
30.8
26.7
31.0
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2012
32.2
30.8
26.7
30.4
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2013
32.2
30.8
26.7
30.3
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2014
30.8
28.9
25.8
28.6
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2015
30.9
28.8
25.9
28.7
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2016
30.9
30.5
27.4
30.5
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2017
33.8
30.6
32.0
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2018
33.7
30.7
33.4
Kia
Car
All
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-79 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Kia
Car
All
1976
Kia
Car
All
1977
Kia
Car
All
1978
Kia
Car
All
1979
Kia
Car
All
1980
Kia
Car
All
1981
Kia
Car
All
1982
Kia
Car
All
1983
Kia
Car
All
1984
Kia
Car
All
1985
Kia
Car
All
1986
Kia
Car
All
1987
Kia
Car
All
1988
Kia
Car
All
1989
Kia
Car
All
1990
Kia
Car
All
1991
Kia
Car
All
1992
Kia
Car
All
1993
31.7
31.7
Kia
Car
All
1994
32.9
32.9
Kia
Car
All
1995
31.0
25.6
30.9
Kia
Car
All
1996
28.9
24.9
28.6
Kia
Car
All
1997
30.8
23.3
29.1
Kia
Car
All
1998
30.7
24.4
29.5
Kia
Car
All
1999
30.7
24.4
29.3
Kia
Car
All
2000
29.8
23.3
27.9
Kia
Car
All
2001
32.9
30.1
24.2
28.9
Kia
Car
All
2002
32.4
29.2
24.1
28.4
Kia
Car
All
2003
33.2
29.2
27.8
30.1
Kia
Car
All
2004
31.8
31.4
28.1
22.6
28.9
Kia
Car
All
2005
31.4
32.3
28.4
23.7
28.9
Kia
Car
All
2006
38.3
33.1
29.8
24.6
31.4
Kia
Car
All
2007
38.2
34.9
30.1
25.9
22.2
30.7
Kia
Car
All
2008
38.2
35.2
30.5
26.5
23.1
30.9
Kia
Car
All
2009
39.5
35.2
31.0
26.5
23.5
32.6
Kia
Car
All
2010
40.5
36.2
32.2
26.6
23.8
35.8
Kia
Car
All
2011
40.4
36.2
35.2
30.8
26.7
34.2
Kia
Car
All
2012
42.0
35.9
35.7
31.3
26.7
34.5
Kia
Car
All
2013
42.1
35.5
36.0
31.8
26.7
35.3
Kia
Car
All
2014
40.9
35.9
34.3
29.4
25.8
33.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-80 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Kia
Car
All
2015
40.9
36.5
34.5
29.5
25.2
34.0
Kia
Car
All
2016
40.9
36.8
37.7
31.1
27.1
22.6
36.1
Kia
Car
All
2017
40.8
40.3
40.0
31.8
25.9
22.6
38.4
Kia
Car
All
2018
43.3
39.5
43.3
32.8
27.5
22.6
39.8
Kia
Truck
Van
1975
Kia
Truck
Van
1976
Kia
Truck
Van
1977
Kia
Truck
Van
1978
Kia
Truck
Van
1979
Kia
Truck
Van
1980
Kia
Truck
Van
1981
Kia
Truck
Van
1982
Kia
Truck
Van
1983
Kia
Truck
Van
1984
Kia
Truck
Van
1985
Kia
Truck
Van
1986
Kia
Truck
Van
1987
Kia
Truck
Van
1988
Kia
Truck
Van
1989
Kia
Truck
Van
1990
Kia
Truck
Van
1991
Kia
Truck
Van
1992
Kia
Truck
Van
1993
Kia
Truck
Van
1994
Kia
Truck
Van
1995
Kia
Truck
Van
1996
Kia
Truck
Van
1997
Kia
Truck
Van
1998
Kia
Truck
Van
1999
Kia
Truck
Van
2000
Kia
Truck
Van
2001
Kia
Truck
Van
2002
20.0
20.0
Kia
Truck
Van
2003
20.0
20.0
Kia
Truck
Van
2004
21.1
21.1
Kia
Truck
Van
2005
21.3
21.3
Kia
Truck
Van
2006
23.8
23.8
Kia
Truck
Van
2007
23.8
23.8
Kia
Truck
Van
2008
23.8
23.8
Kia
Truck
Van
2009
23.8
23.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-81 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Kia
Truck
Van
2010
24.7
24.7
Kia
Truck
Van
2011
26.8
26.8
Kia
Truck
Van
2012
26.8
26.8
Kia
Truck
Van
2013
Kia
Truck
Van
2014
25.4
25.4
Kia
Truck
Van
2015
26.5
24.4
26.2
Kia
Truck
Van
2016
26.4
24.4
26.3
Kia
Truck
Van
2017
26.4
24.4
26.3
Kia
Truck
Van
2018
26.4
24.4
26.3
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
24.3
24.3
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
23.0
23.0
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
24.0
24.0
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
24.4
24.4
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
24.4
24.4
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
23.6
23.6
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
22.9
22.9
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
23.3
23.3
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
19.3
19.3
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
19.9
19.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-82 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
24.2
20.2
20.7
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
24.3
20.3
21.1
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
24.4
22.0
23.2
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
24.3
22.4
23.4
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
25.8
23.0
21.6
24.3
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
25.7
25.7
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
30.6
30.5
26.7
29.1
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
29.6
28.7
29.5
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
29.6
28.7
29.5
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
28.8
27.2
28.6
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
28.8
28.0
28.8
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
28.8
30.6
26.4
27.6
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
29.8
26.5
28.2
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
30.1
26.3
28.6
Kia
Truck
All
1975
Kia
Truck
All
1976
Kia
Truck
All
1977
Kia
Truck
All
1978
Kia
Truck
All
1979
Kia
Truck
All
1980
Kia
Truck
All
1981
Kia
Truck
All
1982
Kia
Truck
All
1983
Kia
Truck
All
1984
Kia
Truck
All
1985
Kia
Truck
All
1986
Kia
Truck
All
1987
Kia
Truck
All
1988
Kia
Truck
All
1989
Kia
Truck
All
1990
Kia
Truck
All
1991
Kia
Truck
All
1992
Kia
Truck
All
1993
Kia
Truck
All
1994
Kia
Truck
All
1995
24.3
24.3
Kia
Truck
All
1996
23.0
23.0
Kia
Truck
All
1997
24.0
24.0
Kia
Truck
All
1998
24.4
24.4
Kia
Truck
All
1999
24.4
24.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-83 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Kia
Truck
All
2000
23.6
23.6
Kia
Truck
All
2001
22.9
22.9
Kia
Truck
All
2002
23.3
20.0
20.9
Kia
Truck
All
2003
19.3
20.0
19.7
Kia
Truck
All
2004
19.9
21.1
20.6
Kia
Truck
All
2005
24.2
20.2
21.3
21.0
Kia
Truck
All
2006
24.3
21.9
22.1
Kia
Truck
All
2007
24.4
23.5
23.6
Kia
Truck
All
2008
24.3
23.4
23.6
Kia
Truck
All
2009
25.8
23.5
21.6
24.1
Kia
Truck
All
2010
25.7
24.7
25.0
Kia
Truck
All
2011
30.6
30.5
26.7
28.6
Kia
Truck
All
2012
29.6
28.7
26.8
27.6
Kia
Truck
All
2013
29.6
28.7
29.5
Kia
Truck
All
2014
28.8
27.2
25.4
26.9
Kia
Truck
All
2015
28.8
28.0
26.5
24.4
27.2
Kia
Truck
All
2016
28.8
30.6
26.4
24.4
27.2
Kia
Truck
All
2017
29.8
26.5
24.4
27.8
Kia
Truck
All
2018
30.1
26.3
24.4
28.1
Kia
All
All
1975
Kia
All
All
1976
Kia
All
All
1977
Kia
All
All
1978
Kia
All
All
1979
Kia
All
All
1980
Kia
All
All
1981
Kia
All
All
1982
Kia
All
All
1983
Kia
All
All
1984
Kia
All
All
1985
Kia
All
All
1986
Kia
All
All
1987
Kia
All
All
1988
Kia
All
All
1989
Kia
All
All
1990
Kia
All
All
1991
Kia
All
All
1992
Kia
All
All
1993
31.7
31.7
Kia
All
All
1994
32.9
32.9
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-84 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Kia
All
All
1995
31.0
24.3
28.3
Kia
All
All
1996
28.9
23.4
27.3
Kia
All
All
1997
30.8
23.7
27.8
Kia
All
All
1998
30.7
24.4
28.0
Kia
All
All
1999
30.7
24.4
27.8
Kia
All
All
2000
29.8
23.5
26.9
Kia
All
All
2001
32.9
30.1
23.7
27.9
Kia
All
All
2002
32.4
29.2
23.8
20.0
25.7
Kia
All
All
2003
33.2
29.2
27.8
19.3
20.0
24.8
Kia
All
All
2004
31.8
31.4
28.1
22.6
19.9
21.1
25.1
Kia
All
All
2005
31.4
32.3
28.4
23.9
20.2
21.3
24.4
Kia
All
All
2006
38.3
33.1
29.8
24.5
21.9
27.0
Kia
All
All
2007
38.2
34.9
30.1
25.3
23.2
28.3
Kia
All
All
2008
38.2
35.2
30.5
25.6
23.3
28.8
Kia
All
All
2009
39.5
35.2
31.0
26.0
23.5
21.6
30.7
Kia
All
All
2010
40.5
36.2
32.2
25.8
24.7
34.5
Kia
All
All
2011
40.4
36.2
34.5
30.8
26.7
33.0
Kia
All
All
2012
42.0
35.9
35.0
31.3
26.8
33.7
Kia
All
All
2013
42.1
35.5
35.5
31.7
26.7
35.1
Kia
All
All
2014
40.9
35.9
33.6
29.4
25.6
33.0
Kia
All
All
2015
40.9
36.5
34.0
29.5
25.8
24.4
33.4
Kia
All
All
2016
40.9
36.8
36.4
31.0
26.4
24.3
33.7
Kia
All
All
2017
40.8
40.3
40.0
30.7
26.5
23.9
34.7
Kia
All
All
2018
43.3
39.5
43.3
31.2
26.4
24.1
35.9
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
26.0
15.1
13.4
17.3
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
25.0
17.9
13.4
18.6
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
26.5
18.3
14.3
19.2
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
27.3
18.3
13.9
18.7
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
29.7
20.1
13.6
20.5
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
26.1
22.5
23.9
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
26.9
24.4
25.6
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
28.9
25.6
26.3
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
26.1
30.0
26.1
26.4
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
26.8
24.5
26.0
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
25.7
22.1
23.1
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
25.6
23.1
19.3
16.8
21.1
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
26.1
25.0
19.2
22.0
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
26.5
23.4
18.5
21.1
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
24.3
18.8
21.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-85 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
23.6
20.2
17.5
21.2
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
27.0
25.1
21.2
17.8
22.2
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
27.1
25.5
21.2
18.8
17.3
21.8
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
27.3
26.7
24.1
19.8
18.9
15.6
22.7
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
26.7
24.4
20.1
20.4
16.1
23.6
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
27.5
26.5
22.2
19.6
24.5
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
27.7
26.6
22.6
19.9
25.2
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
28.5
25.2
22.0
20.2
25.0
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
29.5
27.6
21.6
20.2
27.0
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
28.6
27.6
27.2
22.1
20.1
26.3
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
28.6
27.7
26.1
21.9
24.9
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
26.9
26.2
25.7
22.2
19.2
24.9
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
27.3
25.9
24.8
22.0
19.1
24.6
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
27.0
24.1
20.9
24.4
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
28.5
23.9
21.4
17.0
24.5
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
26.8
24.9
21.1
17.2
25.0
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
25.4
24.9
21.7
17.2
20.3
24.0
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
25.2
25.1
20.9
20.1
21.1
23.2
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
49.5
25.2
25.5
20.9
19.9
21.4
15.3
25.3
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
49.5
26.9
25.6
20.6
20.0
21.3
15.2
25.6
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
49.1
27.4
25.7
22.8
20.9
16.6
15.2
24.8
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
53.2
27.7
25.8
23.8
21.8
18.4
15.5
25.3
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
49.5
32.3
27.0
28.1
23.9
18.4
15.5
28.6
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
49.8
152.8
33.2
28.5
28.6
23.7
18.5
30.2
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
49.7
152.8
35.8
29.5
29.5
25.3
31.4
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
49.7
152.8
37.4
33.6
29.5
24.7
21.4
32.9
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
152.8
50.0
37.2
32.5
30.2
24.6
23.7
33.0
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
57.4
149.2
36.6
34.0
27.5
25.1
39.0
32.9
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
159.5
149.2
37.5
33.4
29.1
27.4
22.8
32.7
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1975
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1976
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1977
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1978
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1979
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1980
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1981
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1982
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1983
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1984
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-86 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1985
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1986
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1987
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1988
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1989
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1990
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1991
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1992
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1993
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1994
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1995
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1996
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1997
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1998
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1999
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2000
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2001
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2002
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2003
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2004
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2005
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2006
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2007
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2008
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2009
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2010
23.8
23.8
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2011
23.5
23.5
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2012
23.3
23.9
23.5
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2013
28.1
28.1
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2014
27.8
27.8
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2015
27.8
27.8
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2016
32.3
32.3
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2017
35.9
32.3
33.3
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2018
36.8
32.3
33.7
Mercedes
Car
All
1975
26.0
15.1
13.4
17.3
Mercedes
Car
All
1976
25.0
17.9
13.4
18.6
Mercedes
Car
All
1977
26.5
18.3
14.3
19.2
Mercedes
Car
All
1978
27.3
18.3
13.9
18.7
Mercedes
Car
All
1979
29.7
20.1
13.6
20.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-87 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mercedes
Car
All
1980
26.1
22.5
23.9
Mercedes
Car
All
1981
26.9
24.4
25.6
Mercedes
Car
All
1982
28.9
25.6
26.3
Mercedes
Car
All
1983
26.1
30.0
26.1
26.4
Mercedes
Car
All
1984
26.8
24.5
26.0
Mercedes
Car
All
1985
25.7
22.1
23.1
Mercedes
Car
All
1986
25.6
23.1
19.3
16.8
21.1
Mercedes
Car
All
1987
26.1
25.0
19.2
22.0
Mercedes
Car
All
1988
26.5
23.4
18.5
21.1
Mercedes
Car
All
1989
24.3
18.8
21.2
Mercedes
Car
All
1990
23.6
20.2
17.5
21.2
Mercedes
Car
All
1991
27.0
25.1
21.2
17.8
22.2
Mercedes
Car
All
1992
27.1
25.5
21.2
18.8
17.3
21.8
Mercedes
Car
All
1993
27.3
26.7
24.1
19.8
18.9
15.6
22.7
Mercedes
Car
All
1994
26.7
24.4
20.1
20.4
16.1
23.6
Mercedes
Car
All
1995
27.5
26.5
22.2
19.6
24.5
Mercedes
Car
All
1996
27.7
26.6
22.6
19.9
25.2
Mercedes
Car
All
1997
28.5
25.2
22.0
20.2
25.0
Mercedes
Car
All
1998
29.5
27.6
21.6
20.2
27.0
Mercedes
Car
All
1999
28.6
27.6
27.2
22.1
20.1
26.3
Mercedes
Car
All
2000
28.6
27.7
26.1
21.9
24.9
Mercedes
Car
All
2001
26.9
26.2
25.7
22.2
19.2
24.9
Mercedes
Car
All
2002
27.3
25.9
24.8
22.0
19.1
24.6
Mercedes
Car
All
2003
27.0
24.1
20.9
24.4
Mercedes
Car
All
2004
28.5
23.9
21.4
17.0
24.5
Mercedes
Car
All
2005
26.8
24.9
21.1
17.2
25.0
Mercedes
Car
All
2006
25.4
24.9
21.7
17.2
20.3
24.0
Mercedes
Car
All
2007
25.2
25.1
20.9
20.1
21.1
23.2
Mercedes
Car
All
2008
49.5
25.2
25.5
20.9
19.9
21.4
15.3
25.3
Mercedes
Car
All
2009
49.5
26.9
25.6
20.6
20.0
21.3
15.2
25.6
Mercedes
Car
All
2010
49.1
27.4
25.7
23.1
20.9
16.6
15.2
24.7
Mercedes
Car
All
2011
53.2
27.7
25.6
23.8
21.8
18.4
15.5
25.2
Mercedes
Car
All
2012
49.5
32.3
26.5
27.8
23.9
18.4
15.5
28.2
Mercedes
Car
All
2013
49.8
152.8
33.2
28.5
28.5
23.7
18.5
30.1
Mercedes
Car
All
2014
49.7
152.8
35.8
29.5
29.3
25.3
31.2
Mercedes
Car
All
2015
49.7
152.8
37.4
33.6
28.8
24.7
21.4
32.5
Mercedes
Car
All
2016
152.8
50.0
37.2
32.4
30.2
24.6
23.7
32.9
Mercedes
Car
All
2017
57.4
149.2
36.3
33.8
27.5
25.1
39.0
32.9
Mercedes
Car
All
2018
159.5
149.2
37.3
33.2
29.1
27.4
22.8
32.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-88 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1975
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1976
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1977
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1978
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1979
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1980
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1981
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1982
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1983
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1984
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1985
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1986
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1987
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1988
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1989
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1990
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1991
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1992
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1993
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1994
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1995
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1996
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1997
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1998
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1999
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2000
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2001
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2002
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2003
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2004
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2005
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2006
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2007
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2008
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2009
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2010
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2011
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2012
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2013
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-89 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2014
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2015
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2016
30.2
29.4
29.8
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2017
30.2
29.4
29.9
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2018
29.8
27.6
28.8
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
21.3
21.3
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
20.3
20.3
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
20.4
20.4
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.8
20.8
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
19.1
19.1
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
19.4
17.4
17.0
18.8
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
19.0
15.9
18.8
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
19.0
15.7
15.1
18.7
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
21.0
15.3
20.9
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
22.0
18.7
21.8
20.2
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
22.4
18.2
19.5
20.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-90 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
22.1
18.0
19.4
20.8
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
22.5
22.4
21.0
19.2
21.4
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
23.2
22.2
20.6
19.3
21.1
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
23.1
25.7
26.9
19.6
23.1
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
28.2
25.8
26.2
20.9
24.4
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
28.8
25.6
26.0
20.8
24.5
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
32.0
28.2
25.7
31.3
21.9
25.9
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
31.8
30.0
25.7
25.8
22.1
25.8
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
31.7
30.4
25.6
24.4
22.3
14.2
25.3
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
35.1
30.8
26.4
24.9
22.8
14.2
27.1
Mercedes
Truck
All
1975
Mercedes
Truck
All
1976
Mercedes
Truck
All
1977
Mercedes
Truck
All
1978
Mercedes
Truck
All
1979
Mercedes
Truck
All
1980
Mercedes
Truck
All
1981
Mercedes
Truck
All
1982
Mercedes
Truck
All
1983
Mercedes
Truck
All
1984
Mercedes
Truck
All
1985
Mercedes
Truck
All
1986
Mercedes
Truck
All
1987
Mercedes
Truck
All
1988
Mercedes
Truck
All
1989
Mercedes
Truck
All
1990
Mercedes
Truck
All
1991
Mercedes
Truck
All
1992
Mercedes
Truck
All
1993
Mercedes
Truck
All
1994
Mercedes
Truck
All
1995
Mercedes
Truck
All
1996
Mercedes
Truck
All
1997
Mercedes
Truck
All
1998
21.3
21.3
Mercedes
Truck
All
1999
20.3
20.3
Mercedes
Truck
All
2000
20.4
20.4
Mercedes
Truck
All
2001
20.8
20.8
Mercedes
Truck
All
2002
19.1
19.1
Mercedes
Truck
All
2003
19.4
17.4
17.0
18.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-91 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mercedes
Truck
All
2004
19.0
15.9
18.8
Mercedes
Truck
All
2005
19.0
15.7
15.1
18.7
Mercedes
Truck
All
2006
21.0
15.3
20.9
Mercedes
Truck
All
2007
22.0
18.7
21.8
20.2
Mercedes
Truck
All
2008
22.4
18.2
19.5
20.8
Mercedes
Truck
All
2009
22.1
18.0
19.4
20.8
Mercedes
Truck
All
2010
22.5
22.4
21.0
19.2
21.4
Mercedes
Truck
All
2011
23.2
22.2
20.6
19.3
21.1
Mercedes
Truck
All
2012
23.1
25.7
26.9
19.6
23.1
Mercedes
Truck
All
2013
28.2
25.8
26.2
20.9
24.4
Mercedes
Truck
All
2014
28.8
25.6
26.0
20.8
24.5
Mercedes
Truck
All
2015
32.0
28.2
25.7
31.3
21.9
25.9
Mercedes
Truck
All
2016
31.8
30.0
26.0
25.8
22.1
26.1
Mercedes
Truck
All
2017
31.7
30.4
25.8
24.4
22.3
14.2
25.4
Mercedes
Truck
All
2018
35.1
30.7
26.5
24.9
22.8
14.2
27.2
Mercedes
All
All
1975
26.0
15.1
13.4
17.3
Mercedes
All
All
1976
25.0
17.9
13.4
18.6
Mercedes
All
All
1977
26.5
18.3
14.3
19.2
Mercedes
All
All
1978
27.3
18.3
13.9
18.7
Mercedes
All
All
1979
29.7
20.1
13.6
20.5
Mercedes
All
All
1980
26.1
22.5
23.9
Mercedes
All
All
1981
26.9
24.4
25.6
Mercedes
All
All
1982
28.9
25.6
26.3
Mercedes
All
All
1983
26.1
30.0
26.1
26.4
Mercedes
All
All
1984
26.8
24.5
26.0
Mercedes
All
All
1985
25.7
22.1
23.1
Mercedes
All
All
1986
25.6
23.1
19.3
16.8
21.1
Mercedes
All
All
1987
26.1
25.0
19.2
22.0
Mercedes
All
All
1988
26.5
23.4
18.5
21.1
Mercedes
All
All
1989
24.3
18.8
21.2
Mercedes
All
All
1990
23.6
20.2
17.5
21.2
Mercedes
All
All
1991
27.0
25.1
21.2
17.8
22.2
Mercedes
All
All
1992
27.1
25.5
21.2
18.8
17.3
21.8
Mercedes
All
All
1993
27.3
26.7
24.1
19.8
18.9
15.6
22.7
Mercedes
All
All
1994
26.7
24.4
20.1
20.4
16.1
23.6
Mercedes
All
All
1995
27.5
26.5
22.2
19.6
24.5
Mercedes
All
All
1996
27.7
26.6
22.6
19.9
25.2
Mercedes
All
All
1997
28.5
25.2
22.0
20.2
25.0
Mercedes
All
All
1998
29.5
27.6
21.4
20.2
25.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-92 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mercedes
All
All
1999
28.6
27.6
27.2
22.1
20.3
24.4
Mercedes
All
All
2000
28.6
27.7
26.1
21.9
20.4
23.6
Mercedes
All
All
2001
26.9
26.2
25.7
22.2
19.2
20.8
23.9
Mercedes
All
All
2002
27.3
25.9
24.8
22.0
19.1
23.2
Mercedes
All
All
2003
27.0
24.1
20.9
19.4
17.4
17.0
23.4
Mercedes
All
All
2004
28.5
23.9
21.4
17.0
19.0
15.9
23.7
Mercedes
All
All
2005
26.8
24.9
21.1
18.9
15.7
15.1
24.1
Mercedes
All
All
2006
25.4
24.9
21.7
20.9
20.3
15.3
23.4
Mercedes
All
All
2007
25.2
25.1
20.9
21.4
19.4
21.8
22.4
Mercedes
All
All
2008
49.5
25.2
25.5
20.9
21.5
20.2
19.5
15.3
24.0
Mercedes
All
All
2009
49.5
26.9
25.6
20.6
21.6
19.7
19.4
15.2
24.3
Mercedes
All
All
2010
49.1
27.4
25.7
22.9
21.9
20.8
19.2
15.2
23.6
Mercedes
All
All
2011
53.2
27.7
25.6
23.7
22.2
20.5
19.3
15.5
23.8
Mercedes
All
All
2012
49.5
32.3
26.5
26.6
25.2
26.8
19.6
15.5
26.3
Mercedes
All
All
2013
49.8
152.8
33.2
28.5
28.5
25.2
26.1
20.9
28.1
Mercedes
All
All
2014
49.7
152.8
35.8
29.5
29.3
25.5
26.0
20.8
29.2
Mercedes
All
All
2015
49.7
152.8
37.4
33.3
28.6
25.3
28.4
21.9
29.8
Mercedes
All
All
2016
152.8
50.0
37.2
32.4
30.2
25.6
25.5
22.1
30.3
Mercedes
All
All
2017
57.4
149.2
36.3
33.6
29.5
25.6
25.5
22.3
14.2
29.3
Mercedes
All
All
2018
159.5
149.2
37.3
33.4
29.9
26.7
24.7
22.8
14.2
30.3
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
22.4
14.6
10.2
17.2
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
21.4
16.4
11.3
18.4
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
22.6
16.4
11.1
19.8
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
21.5
16.3
15.0
10.8
19.2
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
21.6
20.0
14.9
10.8
19.5
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
28.9
21.3
18.8
11.3
10.7
25.0
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
28.9
21.3
19.1
11.0
10.5
25.6
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
29.0
24.4
21.2
11.1
10.1
25.4
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
29.0
24.4
21.5
11.1
10.9
25.3
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
30.7
29.0
26.8
22.5
11.1
11.0
27.0
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
29.0
27.7
23.4
20.5
11.1
11.0
10.1
25.4
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
27.3
23.2
19.5
11.1
11.0
10.1
25.0
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
25.8
22.7
19.4
11.4
10.9
10.4
23.9
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
24.2
22.9
18.7
16.2
12.4
12.2
11.8
21.3
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
23.1
23.3
20.0
16.5
12.4
12.2
21.7
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
23.2
23.4
20.6
16.7
13.3
21.9
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
28.2
24.9
23.4
21.8
16.7
13.3
22.8
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
28.2
24.3
22.5
16.7
13.9
23.8
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
29.0
26.3
23.2
19.5
13.9
13.6
25.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-93 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
29.5
26.5
22.5
18.9
14.0
13.9
13.6
24.9
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
29.3
26.5
23.9
22.0
14.1
13.9
13.6
25.1
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
30.3
26.7
21.8
15.9
27.1
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
28.7
25.7
22.7
22.4
15.1
14.9
25.5
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
27.8
25.5
22.8
22.4
15.0
13.8
25.2
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
25.8
26.2
23.8
22.6
17.4
14.9
25.2
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
25.6
25.8
23.2
22.4
18.3
16.1
15.2
24.6
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
26.3
26.0
23.7
22.1
18.2
16.1
15.2
24.7
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
35.5
29.6
26.5
24.4
23.6
16.1
15.2
26.0
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
35.6
29.6
26.5
24.3
23.6
20.3
26.5
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
35.4
30.4
25.9
24.4
23.5
20.3
17.0
26.2
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
35.2
31.3
25.7
24.3
23.3
20.3
17.0
26.9
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
35.1
32.0
27.7
24.5
23.1
20.4
17.0
27.0
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
39.8
35.0
28.3
25.8
22.3
19.6
17.3
27.5
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
42.5
36.6
28.5
25.8
22.5
19.6
17.3
27.2
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
42.5
38.7
28.2
26.2
21.9
21.5
17.3
28.4
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
42.1
37.0
28.1
26.3
23.7
21.3
19.7
17.3
28.5
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
41.8
39.2
29.4
27.9
28.4
21.8
19.3
29.1
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
41.9
39.2
34.8
30.7
27.7
21.4
19.6
32.2
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
41.7
38.9
34.9
32.3
27.5
24.9
18.5
17.4
32.9
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
44.0
44.4
38.2
34.3
29.1
24.9
19.3
18.5
17.4
34.7
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
44.3
41.1
38.3
33.3
29.0
25.1
19.3
18.6
17.4
34.6
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
43.0
39.8
37.3
33.3
29.2
25.1
19.3
18.5
17.4
33.8
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
43.0
42.2
39.8
34.6
29.2
26.6
18.5
17.9
17.4
35.5
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
43.0
43.5
40.7
34.4
31.0
25.9
18.7
17.7
35.4
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1975
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1976
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1977
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1978
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1979
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1980
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1981
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1982
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1983
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1984
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1985
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1986
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1987
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1988
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-94 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1989
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1990
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1991
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1992
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1993
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1994
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1995
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1996
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1997
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1998
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1999
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2000
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2001
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2002
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2003
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2004
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2005
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2006
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2007
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2008
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2009
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2010
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2011
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2012
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2013
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2014
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2015
35.3
35.3
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2016
34.8
34.8
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2017
31.3
31.3
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2018
BMW
Car
All
1975
22.4
14.6
10.2
17.2
BMW
Car
All
1976
21.4
16.4
11.3
18.4
BMW
Car
All
1977
22.6
16.4
11.1
19.8
BMW
Car
All
1978
21.5
16.3
15.0
10.8
19.2
BMW
Car
All
1979
21.6
20.0
14.9
10.8
19.5
BMW
Car
All
1980
28.9
21.3
18.8
11.3
10.7
25.0
BMW
Car
All
1981
28.9
21.3
19.1
11.0
10.5
25.6
BMW
Car
All
1982
29.0
24.4
21.2
11.1
10.1
25.4
BMW
Car
All
1983
29.0
24.4
21.5
11.1
10.9
25.3
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-95 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
BMW
Car
All
1984
30.7
29.0
26.8
22.5
11.1
11.0
27.0
BMW
Car
All
1985
29.0
27.7
23.4
20.5
11.1
11.0
10.1
25.4
BMW
Car
All
1986
27.3
23.2
19.5
11.1
11.0
10.1
25.0
BMW
Car
All
1987
25.8
22.7
19.4
11.4
10.9
10.4
23.9
BMW
Car
All
1988
24.2
22.9
18.7
16.2
12.4
12.2
11.8
21.3
BMW
Car
All
1989
23.1
23.3
20.0
16.5
12.4
12.2
21.7
BMW
Car
All
1990
23.2
23.4
20.6
16.7
13.3
21.9
BMW
Car
All
1991
28.2
24.9
23.4
21.8
16.7
13.3
22.8
BMW
Car
All
1992
28.2
24.3
22.5
16.7
13.9
23.8
BMW
Car
All
1993
29.0
26.3
23.2
19.5
13.9
13.6
25.0
BMW
Car
All
1994
29.5
26.5
22.5
18.9
14.0
13.9
13.6
24.9
BMW
Car
All
1995
29.3
26.5
23.9
22.0
14.1
13.9
13.6
25.1
BMW
Car
All
1996
30.3
26.7
21.8
15.9
27.1
BMW
Car
All
1997
28.7
25.7
22.7
22.4
15.1
14.9
25.5
BMW
Car
All
1998
27.8
25.5
22.8
22.4
15.0
13.8
25.2
BMW
Car
All
1999
25.8
26.2
23.8
22.6
17.4
14.9
25.2
BMW
Car
All
2000
25.6
25.8
23.2
22.4
18.3
16.1
15.2
24.6
BMW
Car
All
2001
26.3
26.0
23.7
22.1
18.2
16.1
15.2
24.7
BMW
Car
All
2002
35.5
29.6
26.5
24.4
23.6
16.1
15.2
26.0
BMW
Car
All
2003
35.6
29.6
26.5
24.3
23.6
20.3
26.5
BMW
Car
All
2004
35.4
30.4
25.9
24.4
23.5
20.3
17.0
26.2
BMW
Car
All
2005
35.2
31.3
25.7
24.3
23.3
20.3
17.0
26.9
BMW
Car
All
2006
35.1
32.0
27.7
24.5
23.1
20.4
17.0
27.0
BMW
Car
All
2007
39.8
35.0
28.3
25.8
22.3
19.6
17.3
27.5
BMW
Car
All
2008
42.5
36.6
28.5
25.8
22.5
19.6
17.3
27.2
BMW
Car
All
2009
42.5
38.7
28.2
26.2
21.9
21.5
17.3
28.4
BMW
Car
All
2010
42.1
37.0
28.1
26.3
23.7
21.3
19.7
17.3
28.5
BMW
Car
All
2011
41.8
39.2
29.4
27.9
28.4
21.8
19.3
29.1
BMW
Car
All
2012
41.9
39.2
34.8
30.7
27.7
21.4
19.6
32.2
BMW
Car
All
2013
41.7
38.9
34.9
32.3
27.5
24.9
18.5
17.4
32.9
BMW
Car
All
2014
44.0
44.4
38.2
34.3
29.1
24.9
19.3
18.5
17.4
34.7
BMW
Car
All
2015
44.3
41.1
38.3
33.3
29.0
25.1
19.3
18.6
17.4
34.6
BMW
Car
All
2016
43.0
39.8
37.3
33.4
29.2
25.1
19.3
18.5
17.4
33.8
BMW
Car
All
2017
43.0
42.2
39.8
34.1
29.2
26.6
18.5
17.9
17.4
35.1
BMW
Car
All
2018
43.0
43.5
40.7
34.4
31.0
25.9
18.7
17.7
35.4
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-96 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
17.5
17.5
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.2
18.5
19.2
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
20.1
20.1
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
20.0
20.0
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
22.3
20.8
21.5
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
21.9
20.8
21.3
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
21.7
20.8
21.2
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
25.4
22.8
20.1
23.4
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
25.4
22.6
20.0
22.9
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
25.4
22.6
21.6
22.7
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
25.4
22.7
23.4
23.1
23.6
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
27.9
23.9
24.3
23.2
25.3
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
27.9
23.9
25.0
25.0
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
31.3
27.9
23.9
22.6
25.8
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
31.5
27.9
28.3
21.4
28.7
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
31.3
30.6
28.7
21.8
28.5
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
31.3
29.9
26.9
29.4
28.8
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
31.3
28.2
27.1
29.8
28.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-97 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
31.5
27.2
29.0
29.1
BMW
Truck
All
1975
BMW
Truck
All
1976
BMW
Truck
All
1977
BMW
Truck
All
1978
BMW
Truck
All
1979
BMW
Truck
All
1980
BMW
Truck
All
1981
BMW
Truck
All
1982
BMW
Truck
All
1983
BMW
Truck
All
1984
BMW
Truck
All
1985
BMW
Truck
All
1986
BMW
Truck
All
1987
BMW
Truck
All
1988
BMW
Truck
All
1989
BMW
Truck
All
1990
BMW
Truck
All
1991
BMW
Truck
All
1992
BMW
Truck
All
1993
BMW
Truck
All
1994
BMW
Truck
All
1995
BMW
Truck
All
1996
BMW
Truck
All
1997
BMW
Truck
All
1998
BMW
Truck
All
1999
BMW
Truck
All
2000
17.5
17.5
BMW
Truck
All
2001
20.2
18.5
19.2
BMW
Truck
All
2002
20.1
20.1
BMW
Truck
All
2003
20.0
20.0
BMW
Truck
All
2004
22.3
20.8
21.5
BMW
Truck
All
2005
21.9
20.8
21.3
BMW
Truck
All
2006
21.7
20.8
21.2
BMW
Truck
All
2007
25.4
22.8
20.1
23.4
BMW
Truck
All
2008
25.4
22.6
20.0
22.9
BMW
Truck
All
2009
25.4
22.6
21.6
22.7
BMW
Truck
All
2010
25.4
22.7
23.4
23.1
23.6
BMW
Truck
All
2011
27.9
23.9
24.3
23.2
25.3
BMW
Truck
All
2012
27.9
23.9
25.0
25.0
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-98 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
BMW
Truck
All
2013
31.3
27.9
23.9
22.6
25.8
BMW
Truck
All
2014
31.5
27.9
28.3
21.4
28.7
BMW
Truck
All
2015
31.3
30.6
28.7
21.8
28.5
BMW
Truck
All
2016
31.3
29.9
26.9
29.4
28.8
BMW
Truck
All
2017
31.3
28.2
27.1
29.8
28.8
BMW
Truck
All
2018
31.5
27.2
29.0
29.1
BMW
All
All
1975
22.4
14.6
10.2
17.2
BMW
All
All
1976
21.4
16.4
11.3
18.4
BMW
All
All
1977
22.6
16.4
11.1
19.8
BMW
All
All
1978
21.5
16.3
15.0
10.8
19.2
BMW
All
All
1979
21.6
20.0
14.9
10.8
19.5
BMW
All
All
1980
28.9
21.3
18.8
11.3
10.7
25.0
BMW
All
All
1981
28.9
21.3
19.1
11.0
10.5
25.6
BMW
All
All
1982
29.0
24.4
21.2
11.1
10.1
25.4
BMW
All
All
1983
29.0
24.4
21.5
11.1
10.9
25.3
BMW
All
All
1984
30.7
29.0
26.8
22.5
11.1
11.0
27.0
BMW
All
All
1985
29.0
27.7
23.4
20.5
11.1
11.0
10.1
25.4
BMW
All
All
1986
27.3
23.2
19.5
11.1
11.0
10.1
25.0
BMW
All
All
1987
25.8
22.7
19.4
11.4
10.9
10.4
23.9
BMW
All
All
1988
24.2
22.9
18.7
16.2
12.4
12.2
11.8
21.3
BMW
All
All
1989
23.1
23.3
20.0
16.5
12.4
12.2
21.7
BMW
All
All
1990
23.2
23.4
20.6
16.7
13.3
21.9
BMW
All
All
1991
28.2
24.9
23.4
21.8
16.7
13.3
22.8
BMW
All
All
1992
28.2
24.3
22.5
16.7
13.9
23.8
BMW
All
All
1993
29.0
26.3
23.2
19.5
13.9
13.6
25.0
BMW
All
All
1994
29.5
26.5
22.5
18.9
14.0
13.9
13.6
24.9
BMW
All
All
1995
29.3
26.5
23.9
22.0
14.1
13.9
13.6
25.1
BMW
All
All
1996
30.3
26.7
21.8
15.9
27.1
BMW
All
All
1997
28.7
25.7
22.7
22.4
15.1
14.9
25.5
BMW
All
All
1998
27.8
25.5
22.8
22.4
15.0
13.8
25.2
BMW
All
All
1999
25.8
26.2
23.8
22.6
17.4
14.9
25.2
BMW
All
All
2000
25.6
25.8
23.2
22.4
17.5
16.1
15.2
24.3
BMW
All
All
2001
26.3
26.0
23.7
21.2
18.5
16.1
15.2
23.3
BMW
All
All
2002
35.5
29.6
26.5
24.4
23.6
20.1
16.1
15.2
24.7
BMW
All
All
2003
35.6
29.6
26.5
24.3
23.6
20.0
25.2
BMW
All
All
2004
35.4
30.4
25.9
23.5
23.5
20.8
17.0
24.9
BMW
All
All
2005
35.2
31.3
25.7
23.2
23.3
20.8
17.0
25.1
BMW
All
All
2006
35.1
32.0
27.7
23.6
23.1
20.8
17.0
25.8
BMW
All
All
2007
39.8
35.0
28.3
25.7
22.3
22.8
20.0
26.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-99 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
BMW
All
All
2008
42.5
36.6
28.5
25.8
22.5
22.6
19.9
26.3
BMW
All
All
2009
42.5
38.7
28.2
26.2
21.9
22.3
21.4
27.3
BMW
All
All
2010
42.1
37.0
28.1
26.2
23.7
22.2
23.2
19.9
27.6
BMW
All
All
2011
41.8
39.2
29.4
27.9
28.2
23.3
24.3
19.5
28.4
BMW
All
All
2012
41.9
39.2
34.8
30.7
27.7
23.2
25.0
19.6
30.0
BMW
All
All
2013
41.7
38.9
34.9
32.1
27.6
24.1
22.6
18.5
17.4
30.8
BMW
All
All
2014
44.0
44.4
38.2
33.6
28.9
27.5
21.2
18.5
17.4
33.2
BMW
All
All
2015
44.3
41.1
38.3
33.1
29.3
28.2
21.6
18.6
17.4
33.2
BMW
All
All
2016
43.0
39.8
37.3
32.9
29.3
26.6
28.9
18.5
17.4
32.4
BMW
All
All
2017
43.0
42.2
39.8
33.5
28.7
27.0
29.0
17.9
17.4
32.8
BMW
All
All
2018
43.0
43.5
40.7
34.4
31.3
27.1
28.7
17.7
33.6
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
24.5
15.9
15.7
17.1
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
29.8
21.5
20.2
21.9
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
36.5
29.9
22.0
22.4
29.3
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
36.3
22.5
20.3
35.5
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
33.5
31.4
21.6
25.6
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
32.8
28.7
23.0
26.0
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
38.5
35.1
25.3
31.0
31.1
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
37.2
24.4
29.4
29.4
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
38.6
24.2
30.5
28.9
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
37.4
23.0
29.9
30.0
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
37.2
22.7
30.0
29.7
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
33.4
33.2
29.7
24.0
29.4
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
34.0
33.4
31.0
23.5
29.2
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
33.1
32.7
27.3
23.8
28.4
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
33.2
32.6
28.7
24.0
29.5
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
32.6
32.6
28.9
23.0
22.9
29.9
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
32.7
32.6
29.1
23.0
22.9
30.2
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
33.2
31.8
29.5
22.7
24.4
30.5
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
33.3
32.3
28.4
24.4
30.1
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
29.7
32.8
28.9
24.4
30.3
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
30.1
35.8
29.7
26.1
24.4
30.6
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
29.4
36.3
30.1
26.0
31.5
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
29.5
34.1
30.3
26.0
30.8
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
33.7
29.4
26.2
30.0
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
31.1
33.6
29.1
26.2
30.2
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
31.1
33.2
28.5
26.3
30.0
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
31.8
29.6
26.1
29.3
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
29.2
30.6
26.1
29.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-100 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
29.1
31.6
27.9
30.0
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
27.9
32.1
25.9
22.5
28.0
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
28.2
32.2
27.2
29.5
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
30.6
33.4
27.9
24.9
30.3
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
30.2
33.3
28.7
24.9
31.0
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
30.0
33.5
29.8
32.0
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
31.1
33.5
30.6
25.6
31.2
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
31.0
35.8
31.8
25.8
33.4
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
39.9
31.0
36.0
32.0
26.3
34.5
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
41.2
31.1
41.1
32.0
26.2
37.8
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
41.1
31.0
41.1
30.6
26.1
38.9
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
41.1
31.0
45.2
40.3
42.4
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
30.9
45.3
40.6
42.9
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
40.5
40.7
44.4
40.8
42.9
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
40.7
40.0
42.3
39.6
40.8
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
41.5
40.0
42.3
40.7
35.3
40.3
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1975
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1976
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1977
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1978
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1979
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1980
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1981
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1982
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1983
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1984
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1985
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1986
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1987
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1988
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1989
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1990
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1991
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1992
21.4
21.4
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1993
21.8
21.8
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1994
21.4
21.4
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1995
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1996
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1997
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-101 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1998
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1999
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2000
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2001
24.6
24.6
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2002
25.1
25.1
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2003
25.2
25.2
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2004
25.2
25.2
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2005
26.5
26.5
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2006
27.2
27.2
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2007
24.2
24.2
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2008
28.5
25.1
26.6
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2009
29.8
25.7
26.9
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2010
29.9
26.7
29.4
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2011
29.9
26.7
29.7
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2012
29.5
29.5
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2013
38.5
38.5
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2014
36.9
36.9
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2015
36.8
36.8
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2016
38.9
38.9
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2017
36.6
36.6
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2018
37.6
37.6
Mazda
Car
All
1975
24.5
15.9
15.7
17.1
Mazda
Car
All
1976
29.8
21.5
20.2
21.9
Mazda
Car
All
1977
36.5
29.9
22.0
22.4
29.3
Mazda
Car
All
1978
36.3
22.5
20.3
35.5
Mazda
Car
All
1979
33.5
31.4
21.6
25.6
Mazda
Car
All
1980
32.8
28.7
23.0
26.0
Mazda
Car
All
1981
38.5
35.1
25.3
31.0
31.1
Mazda
Car
All
1982
37.2
24.4
29.4
29.4
Mazda
Car
All
1983
38.6
24.2
30.5
28.9
Mazda
Car
All
1984
37.4
23.0
29.9
30.0
Mazda
Car
All
1985
37.2
22.7
30.0
29.7
Mazda
Car
All
1986
33.4
33.2
29.7
24.0
29.4
Mazda
Car
All
1987
34.0
33.4
31.0
23.5
29.2
Mazda
Car
All
1988
33.1
32.7
27.3
23.8
28.4
Mazda
Car
All
1989
33.2
32.6
28.7
24.0
29.5
Mazda
Car
All
1990
32.6
32.6
28.9
23.0
22.9
29.9
Mazda
Car
All
1991
32.7
32.6
29.1
23.0
22.9
30.2
Mazda
Car
All
1992
33.2
31.8
29.5
22.7
24.0
30.2
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-102 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
Car
All
1993
33.3
32.3
28.4
24.2
30.0
Mazda
Car
All
1994
29.7
32.8
28.9
23.9
30.2
Mazda
Car
All
1995
30.1
35.8
29.7
26.1
24.4
30.6
Mazda
Car
All
1996
29.4
36.3
30.1
26.0
31.5
Mazda
Car
All
1997
29.5
34.1
30.3
26.0
30.8
Mazda
Car
All
1998
33.7
29.4
26.2
30.0
Mazda
Car
All
1999
31.1
33.6
29.1
26.2
30.2
Mazda
Car
All
2000
31.1
33.2
28.5
26.3
30.0
Mazda
Car
All
2001
31.8
29.6
25.4
28.4
Mazda
Car
All
2002
29.2
30.6
25.7
28.9
Mazda
Car
All
2003
29.1
31.6
27.0
29.2
Mazda
Car
All
2004
27.9
32.1
25.8
22.5
27.8
Mazda
Car
All
2005
28.2
32.2
27.0
29.0
Mazda
Car
All
2006
30.6
33.4
27.7
24.9
30.0
Mazda
Car
All
2007
30.2
33.3
28.7
24.2
29.9
Mazda
Car
All
2008
30.0
33.5
29.5
25.1
30.9
Mazda
Car
All
2009
31.1
33.5
30.5
25.6
30.7
Mazda
Car
All
2010
31.0
35.8
31.3
26.3
32.8
Mazda
Car
All
2011
39.9
31.0
36.0
31.1
26.5
33.4
Mazda
Car
All
2012
41.2
31.1
41.1
32.0
29.0
37.4
Mazda
Car
All
2013
41.1
31.0
41.1
35.3
26.1
38.9
Mazda
Car
All
2014
41.1
31.0
45.2
38.7
41.0
Mazda
Car
All
2015
30.9
45.3
39.0
41.4
Mazda
Car
All
2016
40.5
40.7
44.4
39.7
41.6
Mazda
Car
All
2017
40.7
40.0
42.3
39.6
36.6
39.9
Mazda
Car
All
2018
41.5
40.0
42.3
40.7
36.8
39.7
Mazda
Truck
Van
1975
Mazda
Truck
Van
1976
Mazda
Truck
Van
1977
Mazda
Truck
Van
1978
Mazda
Truck
Van
1979
Mazda
Truck
Van
1980
Mazda
Truck
Van
1981
Mazda
Truck
Van
1982
Mazda
Truck
Van
1983
Mazda
Truck
Van
1984
Mazda
Truck
Van
1985
Mazda
Truck
Van
1986
Mazda
Truck
Van
1987
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-103 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
Truck
Van
1988
Mazda
Truck
Van
1989
24.9
22.5
22.5
Mazda
Truck
Van
1990
24.4
20.2
20.2
Mazda
Truck
Van
1991
24.7
20.3
20.3
Mazda
Truck
Van
1992
24.7
21.8
19.1
21.3
Mazda
Truck
Van
1993
21.7
19.1
21.4
Mazda
Truck
Van
1994
21.6
19.5
21.3
Mazda
Truck
Van
1995
21.3
19.4
20.9
Mazda
Truck
Van
1996
21.4
19.2
20.8
Mazda
Truck
Van
1997
21.4
19.2
20.5
Mazda
Truck
Van
1998
21.3
19.2
20.0
Mazda
Truck
Van
1999
Mazda
Truck
Van
2000
23.1
23.1
Mazda
Truck
Van
2001
23.2
23.2
Mazda
Truck
Van
2002
23.7
23.7
Mazda
Truck
Van
2003
23.8
23.8
Mazda
Truck
Van
2004
23.7
23.7
Mazda
Truck
Van
2005
23.7
23.7
Mazda
Truck
Van
2006
23.6
23.6
Mazda
Truck
Van
2007
Mazda
Truck
Van
2008
30.7
30.7
Mazda
Truck
Van
2009
30.3
30.3
Mazda
Truck
Van
2010
30.7
30.7
Mazda
Truck
Van
2011
Mazda
Truck
Van
2012
32.3
32.3
Mazda
Truck
Van
2013
32.2
32.2
Mazda
Truck
Van
2014
32.3
32.3
Mazda
Truck
Van
2015
32.4
32.4
Mazda
Truck
Van
2016
Mazda
Truck
Van
2017
Mazda
Truck
Van
2018
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-104 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
21.3
20.0
20.5
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
20.5
20.5
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
20.6
20.6
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
21.2
20.1
20.3
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
23.6
23.6
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
23.8
23.8
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
23.6
23.6
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
23.7
23.7
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
25.1
23.8
24.0
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
26.6
24.1
24.8
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
23.7
22.5
23.2
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
28.4
24.2
22.9
23.5
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
24.4
22.6
23.1
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
25.6
22.7
23.2
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
29.6
25.1
24.5
24.6
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
25.1
24.5
24.5
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
36.9
24.5
29.8
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
36.8
34.8
24.5
31.2
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
36.8
34.8
24.6
31.5
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
34.6
30.6
34.2
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
34.4
30.4
33.7
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
35.4
30.7
33.8
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1975
16.8
16.8
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1976
18.2
18.2
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1977
24.5
24.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-105 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1978
31.7
31.7
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1979
30.2
30.2
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1980
30.2
30.1
30.1
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1981
30.8
31.1
31.0
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1982
30.6
32.1
31.6
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1983
30.8
30.5
30.6
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1984
29.6
29.8
29.7
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1985
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1986
27.7
27.7
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1987
27.2
20.7
26.2
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1988
26.7
21.9
26.4
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1989
26.7
22.6
26.2
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1990
26.8
23.2
21.3
25.9
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1991
26.8
23.6
21.3
25.6
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1992
26.8
23.5
21.3
25.6
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1993
26.8
22.3
21.3
25.9
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1994
29.8
25.6
21.0
24.5
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1995
28.0
22.6
26.8
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1996
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1997
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1998
26.1
21.1
24.8
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1999
26.0
20.8
24.0
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2000
25.2
20.7
23.8
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2001
24.0
20.4
23.1
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2002
26.2
21.1
23.5
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2003
28.1
21.7
24.9
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2004
28.1
21.5
25.0
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2005
28.1
21.3
25.0
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2006
28.4
21.6
26.0
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2007
28.5
21.1
26.2
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2008
28.5
20.0
26.3
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2009
30.0
19.0
28.5
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2010
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2011
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2012
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2013
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2014
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2015
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2016
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-106 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2017
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2018
Mazda
Truck
All
1975
16.8
16.8
Mazda
Truck
All
1976
18.2
18.2
Mazda
Truck
All
1977
24.5
24.5
Mazda
Truck
All
1978
31.7
31.7
Mazda
Truck
All
1979
30.2
30.2
Mazda
Truck
All
1980
30.2
30.1
30.1
Mazda
Truck
All
1981
30.8
31.1
31.0
Mazda
Truck
All
1982
30.6
32.1
31.6
Mazda
Truck
All
1983
30.8
30.5
30.6
Mazda
Truck
All
1984
29.6
29.8
29.7
Mazda
Truck
All
1985
Mazda
Truck
All
1986
27.7
27.7
Mazda
Truck
All
1987
27.2
20.7
26.2
Mazda
Truck
All
1988
26.7
21.9
26.4
Mazda
Truck
All
1989
26.7
22.6
22.5
25.2
Mazda
Truck
All
1990
26.8
23.2
20.2
23.3
Mazda
Truck
All
1991
26.8
23.6
20.4
20.0
22.8
Mazda
Truck
All
1992
26.8
23.5
21.8
19.6
23.2
Mazda
Truck
All
1993
26.8
22.3
21.7
19.9
23.3
Mazda
Truck
All
1994
29.8
25.6
21.2
19.8
23.6
Mazda
Truck
All
1995
28.0
21.6
19.4
24.4
Mazda
Truck
All
1996
21.4
19.2
20.8
Mazda
Truck
All
1997
21.4
19.2
20.5
Mazda
Truck
All
1998
26.1
21.2
19.2
23.4
Mazda
Truck
All
1999
26.0
20.8
24.0
Mazda
Truck
All
2000
25.2
22.7
23.3
Mazda
Truck
All
2001
23.8
22.7
23.3
Mazda
Truck
All
2002
24.5
22.9
23.7
Mazda
Truck
All
2003
24.9
23.3
24.0
Mazda
Truck
All
2004
24.8
23.4
24.0
Mazda
Truck
All
2005
26.5
23.6
24.0
Mazda
Truck
All
2006
27.5
23.6
24.5
Mazda
Truck
All
2007
28.5
23.6
22.5
23.4
Mazda
Truck
All
2008
30.2
24.1
22.9
24.8
Mazda
Truck
All
2009
30.3
24.3
22.6
26.5
Mazda
Truck
All
2010
30.7
25.6
22.7
25.2
Mazda
Truck
All
2011
29.6
25.1
24.5
24.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-107 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
Truck
All
2012
32.3
25.1
24.5
27.8
Mazda
Truck
All
2013
35.0
24.5
30.4
Mazda
Truck
All
2014
33.6
34.8
24.5
31.4
Mazda
Truck
All
2015
32.6
34.8
24.6
31.6
Mazda
Truck
All
2016
34.6
30.6
34.2
Mazda
Truck
All
2017
34.4
30.4
33.7
Mazda
Truck
All
2018
35.4
30.7
33.8
Mazda
All
All
1975
24.5
15.9
15.8
17.1
Mazda
All
All
1976
29.8
21.5
19.8
21.3
Mazda
All
All
1977
36.5
29.9
22.0
23.0
28.8
Mazda
All
All
1978
36.3
22.5
27.7
35.3
Mazda
All
All
1979
33.5
31.4
21.6
30.2
25.8
Mazda
All
All
1980
32.8
28.7
23.2
30.1
26.2
Mazda
All
All
1981
38.5
35.1
25.3
31.0
31.1
31.1
Mazda
All
All
1982
37.2
24.4
29.6
32.1
29.7
Mazda
All
All
1983
38.6
24.2
30.6
30.5
29.4
Mazda
All
All
1984
37.4
23.0
29.8
29.8
29.9
Mazda
All
All
1985
37.2
22.7
30.0
29.7
Mazda
All
All
1986
33.4
33.2
29.7
26.9
28.7
Mazda
All
All
1987
34.0
33.4
31.0
26.2
20.7
27.7
Mazda
All
All
1988
33.1
32.7
27.1
23.5
27.9
Mazda
All
All
1989
33.2
32.6
27.8
23.6
22.5
27.7
Mazda
All
All
1990
32.6
32.6
28.2
23.1
20.8
27.4
Mazda
All
All
1991
32.7
32.6
28.4
23.5
20.7
20.0
27.1
Mazda
All
All
1992
33.2
31.8
28.2
23.5
22.8
19.6
27.7
Mazda
All
All
1993
33.3
32.3
28.1
22.3
22.6
19.9
28.6
Mazda
All
All
1994
29.7
32.8
29.0
25.6
21.7
19.8
27.5
Mazda
All
All
1995
30.1
35.8
29.7
26.7
22.1
19.4
29.5
Mazda
All
All
1996
29.4
36.3
30.1
26.0
21.4
19.2
30.3
Mazda
All
All
1997
29.5
34.1
30.3
26.0
21.4
19.2
29.8
Mazda
All
All
1998
33.7
29.4
26.1
21.2
19.2
27.9
Mazda
All
All
1999
31.1
33.6
29.1
26.1
20.8
28.9
Mazda
All
All
2000
31.1
33.2
28.5
25.9
22.7
27.6
Mazda
All
All
2001
31.8
29.6
24.6
22.7
26.3
Mazda
All
All
2002
29.2
30.6
25.2
22.9
27.4
Mazda
All
All
2003
29.1
31.6
26.4
23.3
27.4
Mazda
All
All
2004
27.9
32.1
25.7
23.4
22.5
27.0
Mazda
All
All
2005
28.2
32.2
27.0
23.6
27.9
Mazda
All
All
2006
30.6
33.4
27.7
24.0
29.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-108 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
Mazda
All
All
2007
30.2
33.3
28.7
24.0
22.5
28.6
Mazda
All
All
2008
30.0
33.5
29.6
24.6
22.9
29.2
Mazda
All
All
2009
31.1
33.5
30.4
25.3
22.6
29.3
Mazda
All
All
2010
31.0
35.8
31.2
26.0
22.7
30.9
Mazda
All
All
2011
39.9
31.0
36.0
31.1
25.7
24.5
31.7
Mazda
All
All
2012
41.2
31.1
41.1
32.1
28.9
24.5
34.6
Mazda
All
All
2013
41.1
31.0
41.1
35.2
26.1
24.5
36.1
Mazda
All
All
2014
41.1
31.0
45.2
38.0
34.8
24.5
37.9
Mazda
All
All
2015
30.9
45.3
38.3
34.8
24.6
38.1
Mazda
All
All
2016
40.5
40.7
44.4
39.7
34.6
30.6
38.8
Mazda
All
All
2017
40.7
40.0
42.3
39.6
35.2
30.4
37.9
Mazda
All
All
2018
41.5
40.0
42.3
40.7
36.1
30.7
37.6
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
31.4
28.3
24.4
21.7
21.4
18.2
15.6
14.3
12.9
12.2
15.8
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
32.6
29.6
26.2
24.5
23.5
19.4
17.7
15.7
14.6
13.3
17.5
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
36.0
32.1
29.3
24.8
23.2
20.2
17.9
16.5
14.1
12.6
18.3
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
34.9
31.9
27.9
24.8
22.5
20.2
18.0
16.3
14.6
12.8
19.9
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
32.0
31.4
27.9
24.0
22.1
20.2
17.8
16.5
14.4
11.0
20.3
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
33.0
32.4
28.0
26.1
23.6
20.7
18.8
19.0
12.5
10.7
23.5
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
38.4
34.4
29.4
27.7
24.4
22.2
20.3
20.4
11.7
10.5
25.1
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
40.3
35.6
31.2
28.8
25.7
22.4
20.6
21.0
11.2
10.1
26.0
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
43.6
36.2
32.2
30.2
25.8
22.8
20.3
19.9
11.5
10.9
25.9
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
44.3
37.1
32.7
30.1
26.4
22.9
20.6
20.2
11.2
11.0
26.3
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
57.4
44.4
37.5
32.8
30.6
27.1
23.4
21.7
21.0
10.9
11.0
10.1
27.0
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
55.9
36.6
38.5
33.7
30.6
27.5
24.4
22.1
21.5
10.7
11.0
10.1
27.9
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
56.8
40.0
39.0
33.4
30.8
27.9
24.6
21.7
22.3
11.4
10.9
10.4
28.1
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
51.6
43.6
38.9
34.1
31.5
28.4
25.4
22.2
22.6
12.3
12.2
11.8
28.6
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
59.4
43.5
38.7
34.4
31.8
28.4
25.1
23.0
21.8
12.4
12.5
28.1
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
65.3
47.5
39.6
35.1
31.9
28.6
25.5
23.0
20.3
10.9
13.1
27.8
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
65.3
47.1
38.1
35.8
32.5
28.1
25.4
23.3
20.9
13.2
28.0
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
65.3
47.3
39.7
35.9
32.6
28.4
25.6
23.4
22.1
17.3
14.1
27.6
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
65.3
48.6
38.7
36.5
33.0
28.7
26.0
23.6
22.1
18.9
15.6
17.6
28.2
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
65.8
48.9
39.6
36.0
33.6
29.1
26.1
23.5
22.4
20.4
17.7
13.9
13.6
28.0
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
53.7
40.4
37.5
33.9
29.7
26.4
23.5
22.4
19.6
18.2
13.9
13.6
28.3
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
52.3
38.9
37.4
33.9
29.9
26.5
23.9
22.9
19.9
17.8
14.9
28.3
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
54.4
39.3
37.0
34.0
30.0
26.7
23.8
22.2
20.2
18.1
14.9
14.9
28.4
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
53.6
39.0
37.3
34.5
30.1
27.1
23.8
22.0
20.2
17.0
14.9
13.8
28.5
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
50.3
38.6
35.9
34.6
30.1
27.2
24.2
22.2
19.7
14.9
19.3
28.2
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
61.6
39.6
36.7
34.3
30.6
27.1
24.4
21.9
18.3
18.1
15.0
15.2
28.2
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
75.6
39.3
36.2
35.9
31.6
27.2
24.6
22.0
18.2
16.1
17.6
15.2
28.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-109 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
75.3
51.5
37.3
36.3
31.4
27.7
24.8
22.3
19.1
16.1
17.6
15.2
28.6
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
75.1
50.8
40.8
37.1
32.8
28.0
25.1
23.2
20.3
18.2
15.2
29.0
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
73.8
64.5
40.8
36.9
33.5
28.1
25.4
22.9
21.7
18.8
18.5
18.9
28.9
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
74.3
34.1
41.1
37.3
34.2
28.9
25.7
23.1
21.7
16.7
17.3
29.5
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
73.8
34.3
41.6
37.8
34.9
29.2
26.0
22.6
21.5
19.9
15.4
17.9
29.2
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
29.9
42.4
38.2
36.4
29.9
27.0
22.5
20.9
20.5
16.2
19.1
30.3
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
49.5
29.9
42.1
37.9
37.5
30.6
26.9
22.4
20.2
21.6
16.4
16.6
30.5
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
49.5
30.0
42.0
38.3
38.4
31.7
27.5
23.3
21.2
20.6
16.4
16.6
32.1
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
49.1
29.8
42.0
39.0
38.2
34.6
27.7
24.1
21.6
18.7
17.1
14.5
33.2
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
53.2
29.9
41.1
40.4
38.6
34.9
28.3
24.8
22.1
20.2
18.1
18.9
32.9
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
49.5
52.3
42.9
44.4
40.2
36.0
29.4
25.7
22.7
31.7
17.9
15.5
35.4
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
49.8
60.7
43.2
44.2
40.3
37.5
31.5
26.9
24.1
21.4
19.6
16.3
36.4
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
49.7
56.7
44.0
45.5
41.3
37.9
31.5
27.7
26.3
21.0
19.6
16.4
36.6
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
49.7
56.2
44.9
45.5
41.8
39.2
32.0
26.4
32.2
21.1
20.3
16.7
37.5
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
152.8
45.3
45.3
42.6
38.9
32.3
26.8
39.2
22.4
20.3
17.2
37.8
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
55.7
47.9
44.4
43.7
39.7
34.2
26.5
38.3
26.4
20.1
17.1
39.0
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
55.3
47.0
46.4
43.6
41.8
37.1
29.6
35.7
29.6
19.9
17.2
40.2
All
Car
Car SUV
1975
13.1
13.1
All
Car
Car SUV
1976
14.3
12.3
12.4
All
Car
Car SUV
1977
14.3
14.3
All
Car
Car SUV
1978
13.6
13.6
All
Car
Car SUV
1979
20.8
13.3
16.8
All
Car
Car SUV
1980
17.2
17.2
All
Car
Car SUV
1981
17.3
17.3
All
Car
Car SUV
1982
23.6
25.8
16.6
19.3
23.4
All
Car
Car SUV
1983
23.2
25.1
24.3
All
Car
Car SUV
1984
22.6
28.3
23.5
16.7
22.6
All
Car
Car SUV
1985
23.4
23.5
23.5
All
Car
Car SUV
1986
25.7
22.1
22.3
All
Car
Car SUV
1987
26.4
22.8
22.9
All
Car
Car SUV
1988
26.3
22.7
22.7
All
Car
Car SUV
1989
24.9
22.7
22.7
All
Car
Car SUV
1990
32.2
25.0
22.4
20.9
22.5
All
Car
Car SUV
1991
30.7
23.3
21.8
21.2
21.8
All
Car
Car SUV
1992
29.6
29.2
24.8
20.9
20.9
21.4
All
Car
Car SUV
1993
29.3
29.1
25.2
20.3
20.1
20.4
All
Car
Car SUV
1994
29.0
28.0
25.6
21.4
21.1
21.8
All
Car
Car SUV
1995
29.7
27.7
27.9
20.1
21.0
21.5
All
Car
Car SUV
1996
29.3
28.8
28.7
21.6
21.4
22.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-110 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
Car
Car SUV
1997
28.4
29.6
28.0
22.2
21.1
23.5
All
Car
Car SUV
1998
28.5
29.3
29.7
24.0
21.4
22.3
All
Car
Car SUV
1999
31.0
29.9
24.3
21.9
22.7
All
Car
Car SUV
2000
31.1
29.7
24.0
21.3
22.0
All
Car
Car SUV
2001
31.0
29.7
24.6
22.1
23.3
All
Car
Car SUV
2002
30.6
25.5
22.5
24.0
All
Car
Car SUV
2003
29.9
26.5
23.1
24.8
All
Car
Car SUV
2004
30.9
27.0
24.2
21.0
24.9
All
Car
Car SUV
2005
30.9
27.2
24.8
21.7
19.1
25.4
All
Car
Car SUV
2006
28.3
25.0
21.5
20.7
25.7
All
Car
Car SUV
2007
29.0
25.3
23.4
20.6
25.9
All
Car
Car SUV
2008
28.9
26.3
23.7
20.9
26.6
All
Car
Car SUV
2009
29.9
27.2
24.0
19.2
27.8
All
Car
Car SUV
2010
30.8
30.4
25.6
33.6
29.1
All
Car
Car SUV
2011
31.3
30.2
26.5
32.3
29.9
All
Car
Car SUV
2012
31.7
29.9
25.7
40.3
88.5
29.6
All
Car
Car SUV
2013
34.0
31.8
26.8
40.4
89.9
31.1
All
Car
Car SUV
2014
33.7
31.2
26.6
23.5
89.9
31.4
All
Car
Car SUV
2015
35.5
31.9
26.5
40.3
32.3
All
Car
Car SUV
2016
41.4
36.0
32.2
26.5
25.3
124.7
116.8
33.8
All
Car
Car SUV
2017
37.5
36.1
32.5
27.8
126.4
118.4
33.6
All
Car
Car SUV
2018
37.5
36.7
33.0
28.7
126.2
117.4
34.8
All
Car
All
1975
31.4
28.3
24.4
21.7
21.4
18.2
15.6
14.3
12.9
12.2
15.8
All
Car
All
1976
32.6
29.6
26.2
24.5
23.5
19.4
17.6
15.7
14.6
13.3
17.5
All
Car
All
1977
36.0
32.1
29.3
24.8
23.2
20.2
17.9
16.5
14.1
12.6
18.3
All
Car
All
1978
34.9
31.9
27.9
24.8
22.5
20.2
17.9
16.3
14.6
12.8
19.9
All
Car
All
1979
32.0
31.4
27.9
23.9
22.1
20.2
17.7
16.5
14.4
11.0
20.2
All
Car
All
1980
33.0
32.4
28.0
26.1
23.6
20.7
18.8
19.0
12.5
10.7
23.5
All
Car
All
1981
38.4
34.4
29.4
27.7
24.4
22.2
20.3
20.4
11.7
10.5
25.1
All
Car
All
1982
40.3
35.6
31.1
28.8
25.7
22.4
20.6
21.0
11.2
10.1
26.0
All
Car
All
1983
43.6
36.2
32.0
30.2
25.8
22.9
20.3
19.9
11.5
10.9
25.9
All
Car
All
1984
44.3
37.1
32.6
30.1
26.4
22.9
20.5
20.2
11.2
11.0
26.3
All
Car
All
1985
57.4
44.4
37.5
32.8
30.6
27.1
23.4
21.7
21.0
10.9
11.0
10.1
26.9
All
Car
All
1986
55.9
36.6
38.5
33.7
30.6
27.5
24.4
22.1
21.5
10.7
11.0
10.1
27.9
All
Car
All
1987
56.8
40.0
39.0
33.4
30.8
27.9
24.5
21.7
22.3
11.4
10.9
10.4
28.0
All
Car
All
1988
51.6
43.6
38.9
34.1
31.5
28.4
25.2
22.2
22.6
12.3
12.2
11.8
28.5
All
Car
All
1989
59.4
43.5
38.7
34.4
31.8
28.4
25.0
23.0
21.8
12.4
12.5
28.1
All
Car
All
1990
65.3
47.5
39.6
35.1
31.9
28.6
25.4
23.0
20.3
10.9
13.1
27.7
All
Car
All
1991
65.3
47.1
38.1
35.7
32.5
28.1
25.2
23.1
20.9
13.2
27.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-lll March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
Car
All
1992
65.3
47.3
39.7
35.6
32.6
28.4
25.4
23.1
22.1
17.3
14.1
27.4
All
Car
All
1993
65.3
48.6
38.7
36.2
33.0
28.7
25.8
22.6
22.1
18.9
15.6
17.6
27.6
All
Car
All
1994
65.8
48.9
39.6
35.5
33.6
29.1
25.9
23.1
22.4
20.4
17.7
13.9
13.6
27.7
All
Car
All
1995
53.7
40.4
37.2
33.9
29.7
26.3
23.2
22.4
19.6
18.2
13.9
13.6
28.1
All
Car
All
1996
52.3
38.9
37.3
33.8
29.9
26.4
23.5
22.9
19.9
17.8
14.9
28.0
All
Car
All
1997
54.4
39.3
36.9
34.0
29.8
26.6
23.5
22.2
20.2
18.1
14.9
14.9
28.2
All
Car
All
1998
53.6
39.0
36.9
34.5
30.1
27.0
23.1
22.0
20.2
17.0
14.9
13.8
28.1
All
Car
All
1999
50.3
38.6
35.9
34.6
30.1
27.1
23.6
22.2
19.7
14.9
19.3
27.8
All
Car
All
2000
61.6
39.6
36.7
34.3
30.6
27.1
23.5
21.9
18.3
18.1
15.0
15.2
27.7
All
Car
All
2001
75.6
39.3
36.2
35.9
31.5
27.1
23.9
22.0
18.2
16.1
17.6
15.2
27.9
All
Car
All
2002
75.3
51.5
37.3
36.3
31.4
27.6
24.2
22.3
19.1
16.1
17.6
15.2
28.3
All
Car
All
2003
75.1
50.8
40.8
37.1
32.8
27.9
24.6
23.2
20.3
18.2
15.2
28.7
All
Car
All
2004
73.8
64.5
40.8
36.9
33.4
28.1
25.1
22.6
21.7
18.8
18.5
18.9
28.5
All
Car
All
2005
74.3
34.1
41.1
37.3
34.1
28.8
25.5
23.0
21.3
16.7
17.3
29.1
All
Car
All
2006
73.8
34.3
41.6
37.8
34.9
29.1
25.9
22.5
21.2
19.9
15.4
17.9
28.9
All
Car
All
2007
29.9
42.4
38.2
36.4
29.9
26.6
22.8
20.8
20.5
16.2
19.1
29.8
All
Car
All
2008
49.5
29.9
42.1
37.9
37.5
30.4
26.8
22.8
20.5
21.6
16.4
16.6
30.1
All
Car
All
2009
49.5
30.0
42.0
38.3
38.4
31.5
27.5
23.5
20.8
20.6
16.4
16.6
31.6
All
Car
All
2010
49.1
29.8
42.0
39.0
38.2
34.0
28.1
24.9
23.8
18.7
17.1
14.5
32.6
All
Car
All
2011
53.2
29.9
41.1
40.4
38.6
34.3
28.7
25.5
23.2
20.2
18.1
18.9
32.3
All
Car
All
2012
49.5
52.3
42.9
44.4
40.2
35.5
29.6
25.7
23.4
31.7
17.9
15.5
34.4
All
Car
All
2013
49.8
60.7
43.2
44.2
40.3
37.1
31.6
26.9
25.5
21.8
19.6
16.3
35.5
All
Car
All
2014
49.7
56.7
44.0
45.5
41.3
37.1
31.4
27.3
25.3
21.7
19.6
16.4
35.6
All
Car
All
2015
49.7
56.2
44.9
45.5
41.8
38.5
32.0
26.4
32.6
21.1
20.3
16.7
36.5
All
Car
All
2016
152.8
45.3
45.3
42.5
38.1
32.3
26.7
37.4
74.3
23.3
17.2
36.9
All
Car
All
2017
55.7
47.9
44.4
43.7
38.8
33.5
27.0
38.3
72.4
49.9
17.1
37.6
All
Car
All
2018
55.3
47.0
46.4
43.6
40.5
35.9
29.4
35.7
57.7
57.6
17.2
39.1
All
Truck
Van
1975
21.2
19.0
14.0
11.6
12.0
11.1
10.6
13.1
All
Truck
Van
1976
19.5
14.1
13.3
12.4
11.1
11.9
11.5
13.9
All
Truck
Van
1977
20.2
16.1
13.5
12.4
13.0
12.3
14.7
All
Truck
Van
1978
19.4
15.6
13.0
12.5
12.5
11.7
14.2
All
Truck
Van
1979
18.7
16.5
13.6
11.8
11.4
10.6
13.5
All
Truck
Van
1980
19.0
18.4
16.3
14.2
12.4
10.9
16.6
All
Truck
Van
1981
19.3
18.7
17.1
14.8
12.3
17.5
All
Truck
Van
1982
20.9
18.8
16.8
15.1
13.4
11.9
17.3
All
Truck
Van
1983
39.0
19.5
18.8
17.3
17.1
18.2
12.6
17.7
All
Truck
Van
1984
38.6
29.8
25.7
24.2
18.0
17.0
15.6
14.5
12.9
18.9
All
Truck
Van
1985
29.8
26.1
23.5
19.8
16.1
15.4
12.9
21.3
19.5
All
Truck
Van
1986
29.4
26.9
24.3
21.1
17.5
16.0
15.0
23.1
20.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-H2 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
Truck
Van
1987
29.3
26.6
24.1
21.7
17.3
15.9
14.6
22.9
20.9
All
Truck
Van
1988
27.4
24.5
22.2
17.9
16.7
14.2
21.7
21.2
All
Truck
Van
1989
26.3
24.3
22.5
17.5
16.5
14.4
21.3
21.1
All
Truck
Van
1990
26.4
25.2
22.2
18.7
16.5
14.4
21.5
21.2
All
Truck
Van
1991
26.2
25.3
22.5
19.1
16.6
15.2
20.4
21.4
All
Truck
Van
1992
28.3
25.7
22.6
19.2
17.5
15.9
15.0
21.5
All
Truck
Van
1993
28.5
25.3
22.6
19.8
17.7
16.1
21.3
21.9
All
Truck
Van
1994
28.4
24.7
22.7
19.3
17.6
16.2
15.5
21.5
All
Truck
Van
1995
27.7
25.1
22.9
19.1
17.8
16.2
16.1
21.8
All
Truck
Van
1996
27.7
27.0
23.5
20.6
17.8
15.8
16.1
22.2
All
Truck
Van
1997
24.2
23.4
20.7
19.0
17.3
16.5
22.1
All
Truck
Van
1998
27.0
23.8
21.5
18.6
17.4
16.6
22.7
All
Truck
Van
1999
26.9
23.9
22.1
18.2
17.5
16.2
22.3
All
Truck
Van
2000
24.2
22.3
18.4
17.2
16.3
22.8
All
Truck
Van
2001
24.6
23.5
19.1
17.4
16.0
22.1
All
Truck
Van
2002
24.9
23.3
18.7
17.5
17.1
23.1
All
Truck
Van
2003
25.4
23.6
19.3
18.2
18.5
23.5
All
Truck
Van
2004
25.1
24.2
20.4
19.1
18.7
23.7
All
Truck
Van
2005
25.5
24.1
20.7
19.3
18.2
24.0
All
Truck
Van
2006
25.7
24.5
19.9
19.2
18.2
24.3
All
Truck
Van
2007
25.9
24.2
20.4
19.2
18.1
24.2
All
Truck
Van
2008
30.7
24.7
23.9
19.3
17.6
24.6
All
Truck
Van
2009
30.3
24.7
25.3
17.8
17.7
25.0
All
Truck
Van
2010
30.5
24.4
25.3
18.6
18.4
25.0
All
Truck
Van
2011
30.1
26.6
22.9
18.3
17.8
14.4
15.4
26.3
All
Truck
Van
2012
31.3
26.7
22.6
18.1
17.9
15.7
15.0
14.5
26.6
All
Truck
Van
2013
31.1
26.6
25.0
18.5
17.8
14.5
15.1
26.3
All
Truck
Van
2014
32.6
30.3
26.8
22.7
18.5
18.0
15.5
15.2
26.6
All
Truck
Van
2015
33.6
30.6
27.0
24.3
20.8
16.5
15.4
27.4
All
Truck
Van
2016
32.3
29.5
27.0
25.1
20.1
20.0
16.0
17.4
27.2
All
Truck
Van
2017
33.3
29.4
27.6
28.0
19.5
15.5
15.3
28.0
All
Truck
Van
2018
33.0
29.7
28.0
31.0
20.1
29.0
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
16.8
13.2
13.5
11.1
10.5
10.3
13.0
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
17.8
15.4
13.8
13.9
12.8
11.2
11.9
13.9
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
18.6
16.8
14.7
15.4
13.6
11.7
11.9
15.1
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
18.1
16.8
14.5
14.7
13.0
11.8
11.4
14.5
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
25.7
17.2
15.6
15.7
12.9
11.4
10.6
12.4
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
25.2
19.7
16.3
15.9
14.5
14.0
13.8
13.4
15.5
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
25.2
20.9
17.2
16.9
15.8
15.3
14.1
16.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-113 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
25.2
24.8
20.2
19.4
15.7
15.1
21.2
21.2
17.3
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
25.2
24.8
20.5
23.4
21.9
15.7
15.7
20.2
20.8
18.5
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
28.8
22.6
21.3
22.1
14.8
15.3
17.9
21.0
19.0
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
28.8
24.5
21.8
22.0
15.0
15.7
16.1
21.4
19.4
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
33.1
25.6
22.8
21.8
21.1
15.6
16.4
15.7
22.1
20.1
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
33.1
22.4
22.2
20.4
14.6
15.7
16.8
20.9
20.4
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
33.3
22.3
20.9
20.8
15.0
16.1
16.5
18.3
20.2
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
33.4
31.3
29.3
22.1
20.3
21.2
14.9
15.9
17.5
15.8
19.7
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
31.8
28.7
23.3
20.5
20.5
17.5
16.0
17.3
16.0
19.6
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
33.5
28.9
27.1
19.8
20.8
19.8
15.8
17.2
15.7
20.2
20.0
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
33.5
28.9
23.7
19.4
20.2
19.4
15.7
16.3
14.9
19.4
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
33.5
29.0
24.0
19.6
21.3
19.7
16.1
16.8
15.8
19.6
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
33.5
28.7
23.5
19.4
18.9
19.9
16.5
16.8
16.1
19.3
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
30.5
28.4
23.3
19.8
19.0
19.9
17.0
16.9
15.7
19.3
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
28.4
28.0
19.9
19.3
20.2
17.0
17.4
16.8
19.6
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
28.3
27.8
22.7
19.9
19.8
18.0
17.4
16.7
19.6
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
28.4
27.4
24.0
20.2
20.1
17.3
17.0
16.1
19.7
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
28.3
25.7
20.8
19.7
17.4
17.5
16.5
19.6
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
28.0
24.0
20.9
19.9
17.6
18.2
16.6
19.6
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
27.7
24.8
21.3
20.4
17.1
18.5
16.8
20.2
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
27.8
25.9
21.6
19.9
18.9
18.4
17.7
20.1
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
27.8
26.0
22.8
20.7
19.3
18.3
17.4
20.3
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
23.7
26.3
22.3
21.3
19.6
18.4
17.4
20.4
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
23.5
26.9
23.2
21.6
19.5
18.6
18.2
20.8
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
28.0
23.5
22.7
20.0
18.7
18.1
21.4
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
28.8
25.5
22.5
20.4
19.0
19.8
22.0
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
29.8
26.4
23.0
21.4
19.4
19.5
18.4
22.7
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
29.2
27.5
23.5
22.6
21.1
19.8
18.3
24.1
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
29.4
28.3
23.9
23.2
22.2
20.2
18.4
24.7
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
30.7
28.8
24.4
24.0
21.6
20.7
18.6
15.4
16.4
24.9
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
30.8
29.1
24.7
24.3
21.6
20.7
18.6
15.4
16.4
25.1
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
32.6
31.0
25.7
24.7
21.7
21.0
18.5
16.2
16.4
26.3
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
33.6
31.4
26.0
25.1
22.8
21.1
18.5
19.9
16.4
27.3
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
34.4
32.7
26.3
25.2
22.6
22.6
21.6
19.9
27.8
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
34.4
33.2
26.7
24.7
24.7
22.4
21.4
28.2
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
36.0
32.6
27.1
25.5
23.8
22.5
21.1
15.2
28.3
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
40.6
36.2
33.3
28.1
26.5
24.1
23.0
21.5
14.2
29.5
All
Truck
Pickup
1975
22.7
20.7
15.1
14.1
11.8
11.0
10.0
14.0
All
Truck
Pickup
1976
24.1
22.3
16.5
15.3
12.6
11.7
11.4
14.6
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-114 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
Truck
Pickup
1977
25.7
28.6
17.1
16.7
13.7
12.9
11.8
16.0
All
Truck
Pickup
1978
27.2
25.8
27.5
18.5
16.1
13.6
12.8
12.1
12.6
11.8
15.7
All
Truck
Pickup
1979
25.0
27.5
22.7
23.9
18.9
15.9
14.2
12.9
11.3
10.9
15.5
All
Truck
Pickup
1980
25.2
32.0
25.8
25.2
23.6
18.7
18.7
15.7
15.9
13.3
9.9
12.0
19.4
All
Truck
Pickup
1981
25.2
41.5
28.4
27.9
27.1
21.3
19.2
16.8
16.9
13.3
21.0
All
Truck
Pickup
1982
43.1
29.7
28.3
26.4
22.3
18.7
17.1
18.9
22.4
21.7
All
Truck
Pickup
1983
39.2
32.6
28.8
26.4
23.4
18.5
17.0
18.0
22.1
22.2
All
Truck
Pickup
1984
28.8
28.1
28.2
26.6
22.7
18.5
16.8
17.4
21.9
21.5
All
Truck
Pickup
1985
29.6
29.9
26.3
23.3
18.5
16.8
16.3
21.1
19.6
21.4
All
Truck
Pickup
1986
30.0
29.5
26.8
23.2
19.2
17.4
16.3
21.1
22.2
All
Truck
Pickup
1987
29.8
29.7
27.0
22.9
19.1
17.2
16.0
21.1
22.5
All
Truck
Pickup
1988
27.8
27.4
22.8
19.7
17.8
16.4
16.9
19.6
21.5
All
Truck
Pickup
1989
27.6
27.6
22.6
20.1
17.8
16.0
19.2
21.2
21.2
All
Truck
Pickup
1990
26.0
28.2
23.1
20.2
18.0
16.4
18.6
20.5
20.7
All
Truck
Pickup
1991
27.5
23.9
20.4
18.1
16.2
17.5
19.5
21.7
All
Truck
Pickup
1992
28.2
27.1
24.7
20.4
18.4
16.7
16.3
20.9
All
Truck
Pickup
1993
27.4
24.5
20.5
19.0
16.9
17.0
21.1
All
Truck
Pickup
1994
28.0
25.3
20.9
18.7
17.0
16.9
18.1
21.0
All
Truck
Pickup
1995
27.3
26.3
20.9
18.6
16.8
15.9
18.1
20.4
All
Truck
Pickup
1996
27.2
26.3
21.6
18.9
17.3
15.3
18.7
20.8
All
Truck
Pickup
1997
26.6
27.0
21.5
19.8
18.2
17.0
18.7
20.4
All
Truck
Pickup
1998
27.3
26.1
21.3
19.8
17.6
16.4
15.6
20.7
All
Truck
Pickup
1999
27.2
24.9
20.7
19.9
18.1
16.3
16.8
19.9
All
Truck
Pickup
2000
26.7
24.9
20.8
20.0
18.4
16.3
15.8
20.5
All
Truck
Pickup
2001
27.1
24.5
20.7
20.0
18.6
16.3
15.8
19.6
All
Truck
Pickup
2002
27.7
24.9
20.9
19.8
18.7
17.0
17.5
19.5
All
Truck
Pickup
2003
27.7
25.7
21.4
20.2
18.9
17.2
17.6
19.9
All
Truck
Pickup
2004
27.6
25.9
21.8
20.5
19.2
17.9
18.1
19.6
All
Truck
Pickup
2005
25.9
23.1
20.8
19.4
18.3
18.0
16.3
19.7
All
Truck
Pickup
2006
26.1
23.4
21.3
19.9
18.7
17.6
15.2
20.1
All
Truck
Pickup
2007
26.0
22.8
21.4
20.0
19.5
18.5
15.1
20.1
All
Truck
Pickup
2008
26.7
23.2
21.5
20.3
20.1
18.7
16.0
20.5
All
Truck
Pickup
2009
27.9
24.2
22.1
20.8
20.4
19.2
21.0
All
Truck
Pickup
2010
27.7
23.9
22.0
20.9
20.8
19.5
20.9
All
Truck
Pickup
2011
27.7
23.5
21.9
21.4
21.1
20.3
16.2
21.4
All
Truck
Pickup
2012
27.5
25.8
22.3
21.5
21.0
20.4
16.7
21.3
All
Truck
Pickup
2013
29.3
25.9
22.9
22.3
21.5
20.9
16.7
21.7
All
Truck
Pickup
2014
29.3
25.9
23.5
23.9
23.0
20.9
16.7
22.4
All
Truck
Pickup
2015
26.4
24.5
23.7
23.2
21.2
23.5
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-115 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
Truck
Pickup
2016
27.5
25.7
23.8
22.8
21.6
23.6
All
Truck
Pickup
2017
27.0
25.9
24.5
22.8
21.6
23.7
All
Truck
Pickup
2018
27.9
25.7
25.3
23.5
21.9
24.2
All
Truck
All
1975
21.0
20.7
16.1
14.1
11.9
11.1
10.0
10.9
10.6
13.7
All
Truck
All
1976
22.5
21.0
16.9
15.0
12.9
12.1
11.4
11.9
11.5
14.4
All
Truck
All
1977
24.2
26.0
17.5
16.5
13.8
13.1
11.8
12.4
12.3
15.6
All
Truck
All
1978
27.2
23.5
25.2
18.6
15.9
13.5
12.8
12.1
11.8
11.7
15.3
All
Truck
All
1979
25.7
25.0
27.5
22.7
21.9
16.9
16.0
13.9
12.3
11.1
10.8
14.7
All
Truck
All
1980
25.2
32.0
25.8
25.2
22.7
18.3
18.6
15.7
15.1
13.1
12.3
12.0
18.6
All
Truck
All
1981
25.2
41.5
28.4
27.9
25.9
20.9
19.1
16.8
15.8
13.7
20.1
All
Truck
All
1982
25.2
39.1
29.7
28.3
25.9
22.1
18.7
16.8
17.0
21.5
21.1
20.5
All
Truck
All
1983
25.2
28.4
32.6
28.8
25.7
23.2
19.0
17.0
17.0
20.4
20.2
20.8
All
Truck
All
1984
31.1
28.1
28.3
26.0
22.7
18.9
16.7
16.0
17.9
20.4
20.4
All
Truck
All
1985
28.8
29.6
29.9
26.2
23.0
19.6
16.4
15.9
16.1
21.4
20.5
All
Truck
All
1986
33.1
30.0
29.5
26.8
23.1
20.1
17.3
16.3
16.0
22.2
21.4
All
Truck
All
1987
33.1
29.8
29.7
26.9
23.0
20.5
17.1
15.9
16.7
21.2
21.6
All
Truck
All
1988
33.3
27.8
27.4
22.6
21.1
17.7
16.4
16.2
18.7
21.1
All
Truck
All
1989
33.4
31.3
27.6
27.4
22.5
21.5
17.6
16.1
17.2
15.8
20.9
All
Truck
All
1990
31.8
26.8
27.8
23.0
21.3
18.2
16.4
16.8
16.0
20.7
All
Truck
All
1991
33.5
28.9
27.5
23.0
21.5
18.8
16.2
16.7
15.8
20.2
21.2
All
Truck
All
1992
33.5
28.6
26.9
23.6
21.6
18.9
16.8
16.2
14.9
20.8
All
Truck
All
1993
33.5
29.0
27.1
23.9
21.9
19.3
17.0
16.6
15.8
21.0
All
Truck
All
1994
33.5
28.7
27.2
24.4
21.3
19.3
17.0
16.7
16.1
20.7
All
Truck
All
1995
30.5
28.4
25.7
24.9
21.4
19.2
17.0
16.6
15.8
20.5
All
Truck
All
1996
28.4
27.5
24.8
22.1
19.8
17.4
16.6
16.7
20.8
All
Truck
All
1997
28.3
26.9
25.1
21.9
19.9
18.3
17.2
16.7
20.5
All
Truck
All
1998
28.4
27.3
25.4
22.3
20.2
17.7
16.9
15.9
20.8
All
Truck
All
1999
27.5
25.2
22.1
20.3
17.9
17.0
16.7
20.3
All
Truck
All
2000
27.0
24.5
22.4
20.5
18.2
17.8
16.6
20.7
All
Truck
All
2001
27.2
24.7
22.1
20.9
18.4
17.6
16.5
20.3
All
Truck
All
2002
27.7
25.6
22.4
20.6
18.7
17.7
17.7
20.3
All
Truck
All
2003
27.7
25.9
23.2
21.3
19.1
17.8
17.5
20.7
All
Truck
All
2004
27.5
26.2
22.5
21.9
19.4
18.2
17.7
20.5
All
Truck
All
2005
23.5
26.6
23.8
22.4
19.6
18.4
18.1
16.3
21.0
All
Truck
All
2006
27.4
23.8
23.2
20.0
18.7
17.9
15.2
21.4
All
Truck
All
2007
27.6
24.9
23.0
20.2
19.4
19.3
15.1
21.6
All
Truck
All
2008
28.7
25.6
23.4
21.2
20.0
19.1
18.4
22.2
All
Truck
All
2009
29.0
26.8
23.6
22.6
20.5
19.5
18.3
23.1
All
Truck
All
2010
29.3
27.6
23.8
23.2
21.0
19.7
18.4
23.4
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-116 March 2019
-------
protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
a mAgency Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
Truck
All
2011
30.1
27.9
24.8
23.6
21.2
20.5
18.0
15.4
16.4
23.9
All
Truck
All
2012
30.7
28.6
25.1
23.8
21.1
20.5
18.2
15.3
14.5
16.4
24.1
All
Truck
All
2013
32.3
30.4
25.6
24.3
21.5
20.9
18.0
16.0
16.4
24.8
All
Truck
All
2014
33.5
31.0
26.1
24.8
23.0
20.9
18.0
16.9
16.4
25.5
All
Truck
All
2015
34.3
32.0
26.2
24.7
23.1
22.1
21.5
16.6
26.5
All
Truck
All
2016
34.3
32.7
26.6
24.3
23.2
21.9
21.4
17.4
26.8
All
Truck
All
2017
35.8
32.3
26.9
25.4
22.9
22.0
21.1
15.2
26.9
All
Truck
All
2018
40.6
36.0
32.9
27.5
26.3
23.6
22.2
21.5
14.2
27.8
All
All
All
1975
31.4
28.3
24.4
21.4
21.4
18.1
14.8
13.8
12.6
12.0
10.9
10.6
15.3
All
All
All
1976
32.6
29.6
26.2
23.5
23.3
19.2
16.5
15.0
14.1
13.1
11.9
11.5
16.7
All
All
All
1977
36.0
32.1
29.3
24.5
23.6
19.9
17.5
15.9
13.9
12.4
12.4
12.3
17.7
All
All
All
1978
34.9
31.9
27.9
24.4
22.8
20.1
17.1
15.3
13.8
12.4
11.8
11.7
18.6
All
All
All
1979
32.0
31.4
27.9
23.5
22.1
20.1
17.3
15.4
12.7
11.1
10.8
18.7
All
All
All
1980
32.8
32.4
28.0
25.8
23.5
20.6
18.8
17.1
15.1
13.1
12.3
12.0
22.5
All
All
All
1981
38.3
34.5
29.3
27.8
24.6
22.1
19.9
18.3
15.8
13.5
24.1
All
All
All
1982
40.1
35.6
31.1
28.7
25.7
22.4
20.0
17.9
16.9
21.4
21.1
24.7
All
All
All
1983
43.1
36.2
32.0
29.8
25.8
22.9
20.0
17.6
16.9
20.3
20.2
24.6
All
All
All
1984
44.3
37.0
32.6
29.9
26.3
22.9
20.0
17.3
15.9
17.9
20.4
24.6
All
All
All
1985
57.4
44.4
37.4
32.8
30.5
26.9
23.3
21.0
16.8
15.8
16.1
21.3
25.0
All
All
All
1986
55.9
36.6
38.2
33.7
30.5
27.3
24.0
21.0
17.7
16.2
16.0
22.1
25.7
All
All
All
1987
56.8
40.0
38.2
33.4
30.7
27.7
24.0
21.1
17.6
15.8
16.6
21.0
25.9
All
All
All
1988
51.6
43.6
37.8
34.1
31.2
28.2
24.5
21.5
18.1
16.4
16.2
18.7
25.9
All
All
All
1989
59.4
43.5
38.6
34.3
31.5
28.2
24.4
22.0
17.9
16.1
17.1
15.8
25.4
All
All
All
1990
65.3
47.5
39.6
35.0
31.7
28.5
24.9
22.1
18.3
16.4
16.7
16.0
25.2
All
All
All
1991
65.3
47.1
38.1
35.7
32.4
28.0
24.7
22.2
18.9
16.2
16.6
15.8
20.2
25.4
All
All
All
1992
65.3
47.3
39.7
35.6
32.4
28.1
25.1
22.3
19.1
16.8
16.2
14.9
24.9
All
All
All
1993
65.3
48.6
38.7
36.2
32.9
28.4
25.4
22.2
19.5
17.1
16.6
15.9
25.1
All
All
All
1994
65.8
48.9
39.6
35.5
33.5
28.8
25.5
22.1
19.4
17.1
16.7
16.1
13.6
24.6
All
All
All
1995
53.7
40.4
37.1
33.8
29.1
26.0
22.2
19.3
17.1
16.7
15.8
13.6
24.7
All
All
All
1996
52.3
38.9
37.3
33.6
29.7
26.1
22.7
20.0
17.4
16.6
16.7
24.8
All
All
All
1997
54.4
39.3
36.9
34.0
29.7
26.3
22.6
20.0
18.3
17.2
16.7
14.9
24.5
All
All
All
1998
53.6
39.0
36.9
34.5
29.8
26.7
22.6
20.2
17.7
16.9
15.9
13.8
24.5
All
All
All
1999
50.3
38.6
35.9
34.6
29.9
26.8
22.7
20.3
17.9
17.0
16.7
24.1
All
All
All
2000
61.6
39.6
36.7
34.3
30.5
26.6
22.9
20.5
18.2
17.8
16.6
15.2
24.3
All
All
All
2001
75.6
39.3
36.2
35.9
31.4
26.7
23.1
21.0
18.4
17.6
16.6
15.2
24.2
All
All
All
2002
75.3
51.5
37.3
36.3
31.3
27.3
23.3
20.7
18.7
17.7
17.7
15.2
24.1
All
All
All
2003
75.1
50.8
40.8
37.1
32.7
27.6
23.8
21.5
19.1
17.8
17.5
15.2
24.3
All
All
All
2004
73.8
64.5
40.8
36.9
33.3
27.8
23.9
22.0
19.5
18.2
17.7
18.9
24.0
All
All
All
2005
74.3
34.1
41.1
37.3
34.1
28.6
24.8
22.5
19.6
18.4
18.1
16.3
24.8
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 J-117 March 2019
-------
v>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report
Supplemental Table J: 2-Cycle 55/45 Fuel Economy (MPG) by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Inertia Weight
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle Type
Year
2-Cycle (55/45)* Fuel Economy (MPG) by Weight Class (lbs)
All Classes
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
8000
8500
All
All
All
2006
73.8
34.3
41.6
37.8
34.9
28.9
25.3
23.1
20.0
18.8
17.9
17.7
25.2
All
All
All
2007
29.9
42.4
38.2
36.4
29.7
26.2
22.9
20.2
19.5
19.2
18.7
25.8
All
All
All
2008
49.5
29.9
42.1
37.9
37.5
30.2
26.5
23.3
21.2
20.0
19.1
18.4
26.3
All
All
All
2009
49.5
30.0
42.0
38.3
38.4
31.3
27.3
23.6
22.5
20.5
19.4
18.2
28.2
All
All
All
2010
49.1
29.8
42.0
39.0
38.2
33.4
28.0
24.1
23.2
21.0
19.7
18.4
28.4
All
All
All
2011
53.2
29.9
41.1
40.4
38.6
33.8
28.5
25.0
23.5
21.2
20.5
18.0
15.4
16.4
28.1
All
All
All
2012
49.5
52.3
42.9
44.4
40.2
35.0
29.3
25.3
23.8
21.1
20.5
18.2
15.3
14.5
16.4
29.9
All
All
All
2013
49.8
60.7
43.2
44.2
40.3
36.5
31.3
26.0
24.3
21.5
20.9
18.0
16.0
16.4
30.7
All
All
All
2014
49.7
56.7
44.0
45.5
41.3
36.6
31.3
26.4
24.8
23.0
20.9
18.0
16.9
16.4
30.7
All
All
All
2015
49.7
56.2
44.9
45.5
41.8
37.8
32.0
26.2
25.0
23.1
22.1
21.5
16.6
31.4
All
All
All
2016
152.8
45.3
45.3
42.5
37.5
32.5
26.6
24.7
23.7
21.9
21.4
17.4
31.6
All
All
All
2017
55.7
47.9
44.4
43.7
38.3
33.0
27.0
25.7
23.2
22.1
21.1
15.2
31.7
All
All
All
2018
55.3
47.0
46.4
43.6
39.6
34.6
27.8
26.6
23.8
22.4
21.5
14.2
32.7
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002
J-118
March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
15.1
11.8
14.4
12.8
729
600
692
4500
343
151
0.450
0.0333
34.0
2.4%
97.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
16.6
13.0
15.7
14.1
658
544
630
4401
330
148
0.461
0.0333
36.5
2.6%
97.4%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
17.7
14.0
16.6
15.1
621
522
589
4186
116.1
315
145
0.467
0.0345
37.2
2080
4328
2.4%
97.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
19.0
14.9
18.1
16.2
580
478
549
3789
115.0
289
136
13.4
0.477
0.0355
36.2
2223
4180
2.4%
97.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
19.1
15.2
17.9
16.3
570
485
547
3761
115.6
284
136
13.8
0.493
0.0359
36.3
2246
4199
4.0%
96.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
21.9
17.0
21.1
18.7
513
413
479
3384
111.4
225
114
15.0
0.537
0.0336
37.1
2474
4168
27.4%
72.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
23.2
17.9
22.7
19.8
489
389
454
3445
113.9
227
111
15.3
0.521
0.0321
40.0
2677
4598
25.7%
74.3%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
24.2
18.4
24.3
20.7
472
358
433
3370
114.2
213
111
16.3
0.554
0.0328
41.0
2813
4712
37.2%
62.8%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
23.5
17.8
23.7
20.1
486
365
444
3448
116.6
223
117
14.5
0.551
0.0337
40.7
2779
4752
37.0%
63.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
24.4
18.5
24.7
20.9
465
351
427
3347
112.4
209
115
14.3
0.582
0.0341
41.1
2785
4622
44.8%
55.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
25.5
19.2
26.2
21.8
448
332
408
3325
113.8
207
117
13.9
0.592
0.0349
42.5
2946
4851
60.8%
39.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
27.0
20.2
27.6
23.0
424
315
386
3174
111.2
190
115
13.2
0.634
0.0359
43.0
3060
4804
72.0%
28.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
27.2
20.2
28.0
23.2
424
312
384
3192
111.9
192
123
12.9
0.665
0.0380
43.6
3100
4894
77.1%
22.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
28.1
20.7
28.9
23.9
416
303
373
3158
111.2
181
122
13.1
0.701
0.0382
44.6
3180
4974
88.1%
11.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
27.4
20.0
28.3
23.2
432
310
383
3191
111.9
187
133
12.0
0.731
0.0412
43.9
3114
4922
89.0%
0.0%
11.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
27.3
19.6
28.3
23.0
441
311
386
3256
110.7
183
136
11.1
0.770
0.0415
44.5
3053
4936
94.3%
0.1%
5.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
27.2
19.4
28.1
22.8
441
312
389
3248
109.9
188
139
11.1
0.769
0.0422
44.2
3026
4871
88.0%
0.0%
11.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
26.7
18.9
27.8
22.4
453
315
396
3306
110.7
193
146
10.6
0.789
0.0437
44.2
2996
4910
90.9%
0.0%
9.1%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
27.3
19.3
28.0
22.8
445
312
389
3268
110.4
189
146
9.8
0.801
0.0442
44.7
3061
4956
93.1%
6.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
27.5
19.3
27.9
22.9
444
313
388
3278
109.5
186
149
9.7
0.822
0.0446
45.1
3055
4955
89.3%
10.7%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
27.3
19.0
27.9
22.7
455
314
391
3338
111.5
191
165
9.3
0.881
0.0488
45.7
3085
5101
90.6%
9.4%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
27.9
19.3
28.4
23.1
453
310
385
3337
110.4
188
167
9.6
0.898
0.0493
46.5
3097
5146
92.1%
7.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
28.2
19.4
28.3
23.2
448
311
382
3300
110.1
183
168
9.6
0.924
0.0500
46.5
3124
5123
96.3%
3.7%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
27.6
18.9
27.7
22.7
461
318
392
3363
111.5
191
174
9.7
0.915
0.0508
46.4
3102
5181
95.6%
4.4%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
27.4
18.7
27.4
22.5
467
322
395
3401
110.8
190
171
9.9
0.906
0.0495
46.7
3065
5180
95.3%
4.7%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
27.6
18.6
27.6
22.6
471
320
394
3453
111.8
193
175
9.4
0.910
0.0500
47.6
3101
5335
92.8%
7.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
28.1
18.9
27.8
22.9
464
317
388
3448
112.1
191
178
9.1
0.937
0.0510
48.5
3172
5449
94.0%
6.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
28.5
19.1
27.8
23.1
459
316
384
3405
111.8
194
178
9.1
0.929
0.0517
48.6
3212
5449
95.1%
4.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
28.6
19.0
27.9
23.1
463
317
385
3468
113.3
191
181
8.9
0.961
0.0517
49.6
3257
5635
94.0%
0.6%
5.4%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
29.1
19.1
28.5
23.5
459
310
379
3408
112.5
190
181
8.9
0.969
0.0526
49.6
3302
5599
94.1%
0.4%
5.5%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
29.0
19.0
28.2
23.3
461
313
381
3469
112.3
192
187
CO
CO
0.985
0.0533
50.5
3300
5688
91.6%
0.2%
8.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
28.6
18.7
27.6
22.9
467
318
387
3558
112.1
195
197
8.7
1.026
0.0549
51.0
3242
5751
90.6%
0.8%
8.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
28.8
18.9
27.8
23.1
462
317
384
3563
109.7
188
193
8.9
1.046
0.0537
51.5
3199
5685
90.9%
0.5%
8.7%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
28.6
18.7
27.7
23.0
466
318
387
3651
45.7
110.5
192
203
CO
CO
1.079
0.0552
52.4
3205
5830
89.3%
1.9%
8.8%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
30.0
19.7
28.6
24.0
440
306
371
3586
45.4
110.7
178
195
8.7
1.111
0.0538
54.2
3380
6024
88.8%
2.9%
8.3%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
29.8
19.4
28.9
23.9
448
304
372
3668
46.4
111.5
192
219
8.4
1.147
0.0586
54.9
3375
6145
78.9%
2.7%
18.4%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
30.0
19.5
28.8
23.9
444
303
372
3775
46.9
112.4
178
214
8.5
1.243
0.0558
57.5
3455
6471
81.2%
3.3%
15.5%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
32.4
20.8
31.3
25.7
406
277
345
3676
46.2
111.4
159
207
8.4
1.336
0.0554
61.8
3772
6885
85.6%
2.6%
11.8%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
32.9
21.4
31.5
26.2
367
268
340
3660
45.8
110.3
158
219
8.2
1.406
0.0585
63.2
3832
6972
82.2%
3.8%
14.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
34.0
21.9
31.8
26.7
0
0
333
3635
45.7
110.2
154
215
8.3
1.433
0.0580
64.3
3937
7106
81.8%
3.8%
14.5%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
34.2
22.0
32.1
26.8
0
0
331
3639
46.1
109.9
162
224
8.1
1.420
0.0605
64.9
3983
7178
80.2%
2.6%
17.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
35.1
22.7
32.7
27.5
0
0
323
3590
46.4
108.6
147
219
8.1
1.544
0.0598
67.5
4139
7371
83.2%
3.8%
13.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
38.5
25.1
35.6
30.2
0
0
292
3495
46.4
107.6
141
214
7.9
1.585
0.0596
86.0
5292
9420
81.3%
3.6%
15.1%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
38.0
24.8
34.1
29.3
0
0
299
3515
46.8
108.1
132
213
7.8
1.667
0.0595
77.6
4797
8514
77.1%
6.0%
16.9%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1975
15.6
13.2
13.3
13.2
674
667
671
4000
250
105
0.420
0.0263
31.3
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-l March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
7.0%
93.0%
97.8%
2.2%
41.6%
26.0%
32.3%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
6.9%
93.1%
98.3%
1.7%
44.2%
27.5%
28.3%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
3.9%
96.1%
98.8%
1.2%
39.0%
26.5%
34.5%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
5.8%
94.2%
97.5%
1.8%
0.7%
29.5%
36.7%
33.8%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
6.2%
88.5%
5.3%
95.4%
2.0%
2.7%
25.9%
40.5%
33.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
12.9%
66.8%
20.3%
93.9%
0.3%
1.0%
4.7%
30.8%
51.5%
17.7%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
9.2%
31.4%
59.3%
88.1%
3.9%
8.0%
26.4%
53.4%
20.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
8.8%
0.2%
91.1%
73.2%
20.5%
6.3%
34.6%
44.2%
21.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
6.7%
0.2%
93.1%
68.8%
0.2%
28.9%
2.1%
26.4%
46.8%
26.8%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
8.8%
0.2%
91.0%
64.6%
0.9%
33.6%
0.9%
36.3%
42.4%
21.3%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
6.3%
0.8%
92.9%
46.9%
17.4%
35.5%
0.2%
32.5%
41.1%
26.4%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
9.1%
2.0%
88.9%
35.8%
26.1%
38.0%
0.0%
41.2%
36.8%
22.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
7.5%
2.1%
90.3%
23.4%
38.3%
38.3%
40.8%
33.3%
26.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
9.8%
1.8%
88.4%
12.3%
50.4%
37.3%
3.2%
49.4%
28.1%
22.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
7.8%
1.6%
90.6%
4.4%
56.3%
39.4%
5.1%
40.1%
34.8%
25.1%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
7.6%
1.0%
91.4%
1.1%
67.9%
31.0%
11.9%
39.4%
37.8%
22.8%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
9.9%
2.4%
87.6%
56.3%
43.7%
8.5%
44.8%
33.0%
22.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
8.8%
2.9%
88.3%
81.1%
18.9%
10.8%
44.9%
28.7%
26.3%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
10.0%
1.5%
88.5%
85.0%
15.0%
11.8%
48.0%
29.5%
22.5%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
10.5%
1.5%
88.0%
93.0%
7.0%
13.1%
52.9%
25.5%
21.5%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
8.8%
1.2%
90.1%
97.6%
2.4%
20.2%
46.4%
32.7%
20.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
8.7%
91.3%
100.0%
24.8%
50.1%
31.8%
18.1%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
8.3%
1.8%
89.8%
97.5%
2.5%
28.6%
48.5%
31.8%
19.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
6.7%
0.7%
92.5%
99.5%
0.5%
24.4%
39.0%
43.3%
17.8%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
5.9%
0.6%
93.5%
99.7%
0.3%
29.3%
46.2%
39.4%
14.4%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
4.4%
1.0%
94.6%
99.8%
0.2%
23.9%
1.6%
41.9%
33.8%
24.3%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
4.7%
0.7%
94.6%
100.0%
27.1%
2.3%
40.4%
37.1%
22.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
25.2%
1.3%
42.5%
33.4%
24.1%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
4.0%
95.5%
0.4%
100.0%
40.4%
3.7%
36.7%
35.8%
27.5%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
5.4%
93.9%
0.7%
100.0%
44.8%
6.2%
41.3%
30.8%
28.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
38.2%
10.4%
37.8%
35.0%
27.2%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
43.9%
22.6%
46.2%
27.3%
26.5%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
6.2%
93.8%
0.3%
99.7%
48.3%
47.3%
0.1%
48.8%
25.3%
25.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
4.7%
95.3%
3.0%
97.0%
53.9%
58.1%
0.2%
41.5%
27.9%
30.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
5.0%
95.0%
3.2%
96.8%
68.3%
79.1%
0.5%
46.6%
27.9%
25.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
6.4%
93.6%
18.1%
81.9%
70.3%
93.2%
0.1%
45.0%
32.9%
22.1%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
4.6%
95.0%
0.5%
24.5%
75.5%
72.7%
92.3%
16.8%
59.6%
23.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
6.2%
92.0%
1.8%
43.2%
56.8%
96.2%
97.6%
3.4%
19.1%
64.7%
16.1%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
5.2%
92.2%
2.6%
60.8%
39.2%
96.0%
97.1%
7.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
4.5%
0.1%
89.7%
5.6%
55.5%
43.5%
0.9%
94.7%
97.7%
2.8%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
4.1%
0.3%
91.4%
4.1%
64.4%
35.1%
0.2%
93.4%
98.0%
1.9%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
3.0%
0.3%
92.7%
3.9%
78.0%
21.6%
92.7%
99.4%
1.6%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
3.3%
3.1%
84.8%
8.7%
86.8%
9.8%
0.2%
88.9%
96.2%
5.0%
GM
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
4.9%
3.1%
86.4%
5.7%
85.2%
10.7%
1.0%
92.3%
95.9%
4.7%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1975
16.9%
83.1%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-2 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
GM
Car
Car SUV
1976
16.9
13.8
15.0
14.3
641
587
620
3946
261
111
0.424
0.0284
33.5
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1977
18.0
14.6
16.2
15.3
609
546
582
4000
269
117
0.433
0.0292
36.0
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1978
17.6
13.9
16.5
14.9
639
538
595
4000
270
126
14.5
0.466
0.0315
35.2
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1979
GM
Car
Car SUV
1980
GM
Car
Car SUV
1981
GM
Car
Car SUV
1982
22.0
17.3
20.9
18.8
502
411
474
3461
207
112
16.3
0.558
0.0330
38.3
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1983
25.1
19.0
25.4
21.4
466
350
415
3500
170
109
15.3
0.640
0.0311
44.0
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1984
23.6
17.8
24.1
20.2
498
369
440
3489
172
109
15.1
0.637
0.0313
41.2
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1985
23.5
17.6
24.4
20.1
505
364
442
3500
172
109
15.1
0.634
0.0311
41.1
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1986
22.2
16.9
21.9
18.9
525
406
471
3500
171
123
13.4
0.714
0.0350
38.9
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1987
23.0
17.2
23.4
19.6
517
380
454
3500
171
123
13.6
0.714
0.0350
40.3
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1988
23.1
17.1
23.4
19.6
519
379
454
3500
204
136
12.9
0.677
0.0388
40.4
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1989
23.0
17.3
22.4
19.4
514
397
459
3500
246
145
11.6
0.599
0.0414
40.3
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1990
22.7
17.1
21.8
19.0
520
408
467
3500
230
139
11.1
0.620
0.0398
39.7
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1991
22.7
17.0
21.6
19.0
514
407
468
3628
225
135
11.7
0.622
0.0373
41.2
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1992
22.5
16.9
21.1
18.7
514
416
475
3562
198
135
11.7
0.701
0.0375
40.0
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1993
23.6
17.6
21.8
19.5
496
403
456
3628
203
160
10.1
0.796
0.0431
42.5
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1994
22.7
17.0
20.9
18.8
513
420
474
3644
198
159
10.1
0.812
0.0428
41.2
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1995
22.8
16.6
21.6
18.9
523
408
471
3727
212
159
10.5
0.765
0.0421
42.3
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1996
22.8
16.7
21.3
18.8
526
414
474
3800
218
158
10.9
0.766
0.0413
43.4
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1997
22.0
16.0
20.4
18.0
549
433
493
3902
222
181
10.1
0.833
0.0462
43.1
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1998
22.5
16.2
20.9
18.4
544
424
484
3857
221
186
10.1
0.867
0.0479
43.3
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1999
22.3
16.0
20.6
18.2
550
429
489
3865
216
174
10.4
0.847
0.0450
43.1
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2000
22.1
15.7
20.6
18.0
561
430
494
3909
228
179
9.9
0.819
0.0457
43.3
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2001
24.0
17.0
21.8
19.3
515
404
459
3795
196
168
10.1
0.896
0.0441
45.7
17.6%
82.4%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2002
24.1
16.7
22.5
19.4
526
389
457
3890
202
182
9.8
0.929
0.0468
47.2
49.4%
50.6%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2003
25.9
17.8
23.8
20.7
494
370
428
3666
175
164
9.9
0.965
0.0447
47.6
74.5%
25.5%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2004
24.7
16.7
23.5
19.9
526
374
446
3991
204
208
9.1
1.021
0.0517
49.6
65.6%
12.0%
22.5%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2005
24.8
16.7
23.4
19.9
529
378
446
4011
200
192
9.4
0.959
0.0476
49.9
56.9%
38.9%
4.1%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2006
25.1
16.8
23.7
20.1
525
373
441
3998
198
196
9.4
0.987
0.0487
50.2
73.8%
22.3%
3.9%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2007
25.4
17.0
24.0
20.4
516
368
436
3983
197
196
9.4
0.998
0.0491
50.8
76.8%
20.0%
3.1%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2008
25.3
16.9
23.9
20.3
521
370
438
4084
47.6
194
202
9.4
1.043
0.0494
51.9
73.0%
23.0%
4.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2009
25.8
17.2
24.4
20.7
509
361
430
4072
47.6
191
197
9.3
1.037
0.0483
53.0
74.0%
21.9%
4.1%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2010
29.4
19.6
27.5
23.4
447
317
380
4157
48.3
161
215
8.9
1.326
0.0514
61.9
66.1%
33.9%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2011
29.8
19.7
27.7
23.6
444
317
377
4027
47.9
154
201
9.3
1.286
0.0494
60.7
72.0%
28.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2012
29.0
19.1
26.9
22.9
457
324
389
4126
48.8
166
215
8.9
1.290
0.0518
60.8
67.6%
32.4%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2013
31.2
20.2
28.5
24.3
431
307
366
4072
48.4
162
212
8.9
1.302
0.0515
64.4
89.1%
10.9%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2014
31.3
20.2
28.5
24.2
430
307
367
4083
48.0
160
209
9.0
1.313
0.0506
64.6
88.0%
12.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2015
31.7
20.9
28.9
24.8
418
301
358
4024
47.9
156
208
9.0
1.348
0.0510
64.4
87.0%
13.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2016
31.7
20.9
29.3
25.0
413
297
355
3971
47.1
148
201
9.2
1.388
0.0497
63.9
86.3%
13.7%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2017
33.6
21.5
31.0
26.0
406
283
341
3900
47.0
137
183
9.5
1.363
0.0464
66.1
91.9%
8.1%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2018
37.5
25.1
31.8
28.5
355
280
313
3616
45.0
96
171
9.2
1.773
0.0470
67.9
100.0%
GM
Car
All
1975
15.1
11.8
14.4
12.8
729
600
692
4500
343
151
0.450
0.0333
34.0
2.4%
97.6%
GM
Car
All
1976
16.6
13.0
15.7
14.1
658
544
630
4401
330
148
0.461
0.0333
36.5
2.6%
97.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-3 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
GM
Car
Car SUV
1976
15.9%
84.1%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1977
16.3%
83.7%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1978
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1979
GM
Car
Car SUV
1980
GM
Car
Car SUV
1981
GM
Car
Car SUV
1982
33.9%
66.1%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1983
30.8%
69.2%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1984
23.1%
76.9%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1985
14.4%
85.6%
94.3%
5.7%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1986
13.8%
86.2%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1987
11.9%
88.1%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1988
9.6%
90.4%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1989
16.3%
83.7%
2.5%
4.9%
92.6%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1990
35.2%
64.8%
13.2%
14.3%
72.5%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1991
30.1%
69.9%
2.1%
6.9%
90.9%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1992
38.0%
62.0%
3.6%
33.6%
62.8%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1993
31.7%
68.3%
3.8%
74.1%
22.1%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1994
32.2%
67.8%
79.7%
20.3%
26.4%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1995
24.6%
75.4%
81.8%
18.2%
8.9%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1996
15.9%
84.1%
100.0%
33.3%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1997
16.3%
83.7%
100.0%
31.5%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1998
16.6%
83.4%
100.0%
40.3%
GM
Car
Car SUV
1999
14.6%
85.4%
100.0%
43.2%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2000
8.3%
91.7%
100.0%
27.8%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2001
7.0%
93.0%
100.0%
18.7%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2002
10.6%
89.0%
0.5%
100.0%
33.7%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2003
16.7%
63.8%
19.6%
100.0%
58.9%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2004
11.2%
82.2%
6.6%
100.0%
59.2%
32.5%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2005
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
24.5%
14.6%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2006
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
76.7%
19.9%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2007
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
36.0%
23.8%
3.5%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2008
100.0%
100.0%
55.0%
55.0%
1.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2009
100.0%
100.0%
53.4%
53.4%
4.8%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2010
100.0%
98.1%
1.9%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2011
0.1%
99.9%
83.1%
16.9%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2013
100.0%
94.8%
5.2%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2014
100.0%
90.4%
9.6%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2015
100.0%
83.1%
16.9%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2016
100.0%
72.1%
27.9%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2017
100.0%
72.3%
27.7%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Car
Car SUV
2018
100.0%
65.4%
30.0%
4.6%
100.0%
95.4%
GM
Car
All
1975
7.0%
93.0%
97.8%
2.2%
GM
Car
All
1976
6.9%
93.1%
98.3%
1.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-4 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
GM
Car
All
1977
17.7
14.0
16.6
15.1
621
522
589
4186
315
145
0.467
0.0345
37.2
2.4%
97.6%
GM
Car
All
1978
19.0
14.9
18.1
16.2
580
478
549
3789
289
136
13.4
0.477
0.0355
36.2
2.4%
97.6%
GM
Car
All
1979
19.1
15.2
17.9
16.3
570
485
547
3761
284
136
13.8
0.493
0.0359
36.3
4.0%
96.0%
GM
Car
All
1980
21.9
17.0
21.1
18.7
513
413
479
3384
225
114
15.0
0.537
0.0336
37.1
27.4%
72.6%
GM
Car
All
1981
23.2
17.9
22.7
19.8
489
389
454
3445
227
111
15.3
0.521
0.0321
40.0
25.7%
74.3%
GM
Car
All
1982
24.2
18.4
24.3
20.7
472
358
433
3370
213
111
16.3
0.554
0.0328
41.0
37.2%
62.8%
GM
Car
All
1983
23.5
17.8
23.7
20.1
486
365
444
3449
222
117
14.5
0.552
0.0336
40.7
36.8%
63.2%
GM
Car
All
1984
24.4
18.5
24.7
20.8
465
351
427
3349
209
115
14.3
0.583
0.0341
41.1
44.3%
55.7%
GM
Car
All
1985
25.5
19.1
26.1
21.8
449
333
408
3328
207
117
13.9
0.592
0.0348
42.5
59.8%
40.2%
GM
Car
All
1986
27.0
20.2
27.6
23.0
425
316
387
3177
190
115
13.3
0.635
0.0359
43.0
71.3%
28.7%
GM
Car
All
1987
27.2
20.1
27.9
23.1
425
313
385
3197
192
123
13.0
0.666
0.0380
43.6
75.9%
24.1%
GM
Car
All
1988
28.1
20.6
28.8
23.8
417
304
374
3163
181
122
13.1
0.700
0.0382
44.5
86.9%
13.1%
GM
Car
All
1989
27.4
19.9
28.1
23.1
434
312
384
3196
188
133
11.9
0.729
0.0412
43.9
87.4%
0.0%
12.5%
GM
Car
All
1990
27.2
19.6
28.2
23.0
441
312
387
3258
184
136
11.1
0.768
0.0415
44.5
93.6%
0.1%
6.3%
GM
Car
All
1991
27.0
19.3
27.8
22.7
443
314
391
3258
189
139
11.2
0.765
0.0421
44.1
85.6%
0.0%
14.4%
GM
Car
All
1992
26.6
18.8
27.5
22.3
455
317
399
3313
193
146
10.6
0.787
0.0435
44.1
88.5%
0.0%
11.5%
GM
Car
All
1993
27.2
19.2
27.8
22.7
446
314
391
3278
190
146
9.8
0.801
0.0442
44.7
90.3%
9.7%
GM
Car
All
1994
27.3
19.2
27.6
22.7
446
316
391
3291
186
149
9.7
0.822
0.0446
45.0
86.2%
13.8%
GM
Car
All
1995
27.2
18.9
27.7
22.6
456
316
394
3350
192
165
9.3
0.878
0.0486
45.6
87.9%
12.1%
GM
Car
All
1996
27.6
19.1
28.0
22.9
455
314
389
3356
190
167
9.7
0.892
0.0490
46.4
88.3%
11.7%
GM
Car
All
1997
27.9
19.3
28.0
23.0
451
314
386
3320
184
169
9.6
0.921
0.0499
46.3
93.1%
6.9%
GM
Car
All
1998
27.3
18.7
27.3
22.4
465
322
396
3386
192
174
9.7
0.913
0.0507
46.2
91.0%
9.0%
GM
Car
All
1999
27.2
18.6
26.9
22.3
470
326
399
3422
191
171
9.9
0.903
0.0493
46.5
90.9%
9.1%
GM
Car
All
2000
27.2
18.4
27.1
22.3
474
324
399
3476
194
175
9.4
0.906
0.0498
47.4
88.1%
11.9%
GM
Car
All
2001
27.7
18.7
27.2
22.6
468
323
394
3477
192
177
9.1
0.933
0.0505
48.3
87.7%
12.3%
GM
Car
All
2002
28.2
18.9
27.4
22.8
463
320
389
3438
195
178
9.1
0.929
0.0514
48.5
92.0%
8.0%
GM
Car
All
2003
28.4
18.9
27.6
22.9
465
320
387
3481
190
180
9.0
0.961
0.0513
49.5
92.7%
0.6%
6.7%
GM
Car
All
2004
28.7
18.9
28.0
23.1
464
315
384
3458
191
184
8.9
0.973
0.0525
49.6
91.7%
1.4%
6.9%
GM
Car
All
2005
28.3
18.6
27.4
22.8
470
321
391
3549
193
188
8.9
0.981
0.0524
50.4
86.4%
5.9%
7.6%
GM
Car
All
2006
28.0
18.4
27.0
22.5
475
325
395
3622
196
197
CO
CO
1.020
0.0540
50.9
88.1%
4.0%
7.9%
GM
Car
All
2007
28.4
18.7
27.3
22.8
468
322
390
3612
189
193
9.0
1.040
0.0532
51.4
89.2%
2.8%
8.0%
GM
Car
All
2008
28.1
18.5
27.1
22.6
472
324
393
3707
46.0
192
203
8.9
1.074
0.0544
52.3
87.2%
4.6%
8.2%
GM
Car
All
2009
29.7
19.5
28.3
23.7
445
309
375
3620
45.5
179
196
CO
CO
1.106
0.0534
54.1
87.8%
4.2%
8.0%
GM
Car
All
2010
29.7
19.5
28.6
23.8
448
307
374
3776
46.8
185
218
8.5
1.186
0.0571
56.4
76.1%
9.6%
14.3%
GM
Car
All
2011
29.9
19.5
28.5
23.8
444
307
374
3850
47.2
171
210
8.7
1.256
0.0539
58.4
78.5%
10.6%
10.9%
GM
Car
All
2012
31.3
20.3
29.9
24.8
419
289
358
3806
46.9
161
210
8.5
1.323
0.0544
61.5
80.4%
11.2%
CO
GM
Car
All
2013
32.5
21.1
30.6
25.6
383
278
347
3772
46.5
159
217
8.4
1.378
0.0566
63.5
84.1%
5.7%
10.2%
GM
Car
All
2014
33.3
21.5
31.0
26.1
0
0
341
3740
46.3
156
214
8.5
1.405
0.0563
64.4
83.2%
5.7%
11.1%
GM
Car
All
2015
33.3
21.6
31.0
26.1
0
0
340
3766
46.7
160
219
8.4
1.397
0.0574
64.7
82.5%
6.0%
11.5%
GM
Car
All
2016
34.1
22.2
31.6
26.7
0
0
332
3702
46.6
147
213
8.4
1.498
0.0568
66.4
84.1%
6.7%
9.2%
GM
Car
All
2017
36.9
23.9
34.1
28.8
0
0
307
3616
46.6
140
204
8.4
1.517
0.0557
80.0
84.5%
5.0%
10.6%
GM
Car
All
2018
37.9
24.9
33.5
29.1
0
0
303
3542
46.3
122
202
8.2
1.696
0.0561
75.0
83.2%
4.4%
12.4%
GM
Truck
Van
1975
14.4
11.6
13.0
12.2
741
652
728
4183
306
136
0.442
0.0325
30.9
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1976
14.0
11.6
12.3
11.9
744
685
746
4225
321
136
0.424
0.0323
30.6
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1977
15.0
12.4
13.0
12.7
705
661
701
4276
325
141
0.435
0.0332
32.4
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-5 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
GM
Car
All
1977
3.9%
96.1%
98.8%
1.2%
GM
Car
All
1978
5.8%
94.2%
97.5%
1.8%
0.7%
GM
Car
All
1979
6.2%
88.5%
5.3%
95.4%
2.0%
2.7%
25.9%
40.5%
33.6%
GM
Car
All
1980
12.9%
66.8%
20.3%
93.9%
0.3%
1.0%
4.7%
30.8%
51.5%
17.7%
GM
Car
All
1981
9.2%
31.4%
59.3%
88.1%
3.9%
8.0%
26.4%
53.4%
20.2%
GM
Car
All
1982
8.8%
0.2%
91.0%
73.2%
20.5%
6.3%
GM
Car
All
1983
6.9%
0.2%
92.9%
69.0%
0.2%
28.7%
2.1%
GM
Car
All
1984
9.0%
0.2%
90.8%
64.9%
0.9%
33.3%
0.9%
GM
Car
All
1985
6.4%
0.8%
92.8%
47.7%
17.1%
35.0%
0.2%
GM
Car
All
1986
9.1%
1.9%
88.9%
35.5%
25.9%
38.6%
0.0%
GM
Car
All
1987
7.6%
2.1%
90.3%
23.0%
37.7%
39.3%
GM
Car
All
1988
9.8%
1.8%
88.4%
12.2%
49.7%
38.1%
3.1%
GM
Car
All
1989
7.9%
1.6%
90.5%
4.3%
55.4%
40.3%
5.1%
GM
Car
All
1990
7.8%
1.0%
91.2%
1.2%
67.5%
31.4%
11.8%
GM
Car
All
1991
10.5%
2.4%
87.2%
0.1%
54.9%
45.0%
8.3%
GM
Car
All
1992
9.6%
2.8%
87.6%
0.1%
79.8%
20.1%
10.5%
GM
Car
All
1993
10.7%
1.5%
87.8%
0.1%
84.6%
15.2%
11.5%
GM
Car
All
1994
11.3%
1.5%
87.3%
92.6%
7.4%
13.6%
GM
Car
All
1995
9.2%
1.1%
89.6%
97.1%
2.9%
19.9%
GM
Car
All
1996
9.0%
91.0%
100.0%
25.1%
GM
Car
All
1997
8.6%
1.8%
89.6%
97.6%
2.4%
28.7%
GM
Car
All
1998
7.2%
0.7%
92.1%
99.6%
0.4%
25.2%
GM
Car
All
1999
6.3%
0.6%
93.1%
99.7%
0.3%
29.9%
GM
Car
All
2000
4.6%
0.9%
94.5%
99.8%
0.2%
24.1%
1.5%
GM
Car
All
2001
4.9%
0.7%
94.4%
100.0%
26.4%
2.1%
GM
Car
All
2002
6.1%
93.9%
0.0%
100.0%
25.8%
1.2%
GM
Car
All
2003
4.9%
93.5%
1.7%
100.0%
41.6%
3.5%
GM
Car
All
2004
5.9%
92.9%
1.2%
100.0%
46.1%
CO
GM
Car
All
2005
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
36.2%
11.0%
GM
Car
All
2006
5.9%
94.1%
100.0%
48.6%
22.2%
GM
Car
All
2007
5.7%
94.3%
0.3%
99.7%
46.9%
44.5%
0.5%
GM
Car
All
2008
4.1%
95.9%
2.6%
97.4%
54.0%
57.7%
0.3%
GM
Car
All
2009
4.7%
95.3%
3.0%
97.0%
67.3%
77.3%
0.8%
GM
Car
All
2010
5.0%
95.0%
35.7%
64.3%
76.8%
94.7%
0.0%
GM
Car
All
2011
3.3%
96.4%
0.3%
41.9%
58.1%
80.8%
94.6%
GM
Car
All
2012
4.4%
94.3%
1.3%
59.7%
40.3%
97.3%
98.3%
2.4%
GM
Car
All
2013
3.8%
94.3%
1.9%
70.0%
30.0%
97.1%
97.9%
5.1%
GM
Car
All
2014
3.4%
0.1%
92.1%
4.3%
63.7%
35.5%
0.7%
96.0%
98.3%
2.1%
GM
Car
All
2015
2.8%
0.2%
94.2%
2.8%
70.6%
29.1%
0.1%
95.6%
98.7%
1.3%
GM
Car
All
2016
2.1%
0.2%
94.8%
2.8%
76.3%
23.4%
94.8%
99.6%
1.2%
GM
Car
All
2017
2.3%
2.2%
89.4%
6.1%
82.5%
15.2%
0.2%
92.3%
97.3%
3.5%
GM
Car
All
2018
3.6%
2.3%
90.0%
4.2%
80.0%
15.8%
2.0%
94.3%
95.8%
3.5%
GM
Truck
Van
1975
23.6%
76.4%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1976
20.2%
79.8%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1977
13.6%
86.4%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-6 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
GM
Truck
Van
1978
14.1
11.7
12.2
11.9
741
694
744
4313
328
153
13.2
0.468
0.0356
31.1
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1979
14.7
12.3
12.6
12.4
713
683
715
4553
319
130
16.4
0.418
0.0288
33.9
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1980
16.7
13.3
15.6
14.2
662
564
625
4338
297
145
15.2
0.491
0.0334
36.4
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1981
18.0
14.3
16.8
15.3
616
527
580
4374
285
143
15.4
0.504
0.0328
39.5
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1982
17.9
14.3
16.5
15.2
619
537
585
4447
291
151
16.2
0.515
0.0338
39.8
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1983
18.9
14.9
17.7
16.0
602
504
560
4551
306
153
14.5
0.502
0.0336
43.4
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1984
18.2
14.3
17.2
15.5
621
516
577
4523
301
148
14.7
0.491
0.0327
41.3
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1985
18.7
14.8
17.6
15.9
592
489
559
4287
286
154
13.7
0.543
0.0361
40.5
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1986
19.4
15.2
18.2
16.4
578
476
541
4241
279
150
13.3
0.541
0.0354
41.4
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1987
19.8
15.3
18.8
16.8
575
462
530
4214
284
169
12.4
0.596
0.0401
42.0
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1988
20.2
15.4
19.4
17.1
571
450
521
4210
286
168
12.6
0.590
0.0399
42.8
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1989
20.2
15.3
19.5
17.0
574
450
521
4215
290
169
12.1
0.580
0.0398
42.9
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1990
20.7
15.5
19.9
17.4
566
442
512
4265
258
155
12.5
0.606
0.0361
44.3
32.8%
3.1%
64.1%
GM
Truck
Van
1991
20.8
15.5
20.1
17.4
567
438
510
4289
262
156
12.5
0.600
0.0362
44.9
24.9%
5.4%
69.7%
GM
Truck
Van
1992
20.8
15.4
20.1
17.4
572
437
510
4304
266
165
11.7
0.623
0.0382
45.1
26.1%
5.1%
68.8%
GM
Truck
Van
1993
20.7
15.2
20.0
17.3
581
440
514
4364
269
173
10.7
0.647
0.0396
45.3
22.4%
6.4%
71.3%
GM
Truck
Van
1994
21.0
15.3
20.3
17.5
576
433
509
4316
265
174
10.5
0.662
0.0403
45.5
27.2%
CO
64.4%
GM
Truck
Van
1995
20.6
14.9
19.8
17.1
590
442
520
4337
269
179
10.5
0.674
0.0414
44.9
25.4%
7.5%
67.1%
GM
Truck
Van
1996
21.5
15.5
20.5
17.7
569
428
502
4419
257
194
10.5
0.769
0.0439
47.5
25.1%
10.1%
64.8%
GM
Truck
Van
1997
21.9
15.7
20.8
18.0
562
423
493
4354
248
201
10.2
0.825
0.0463
47.7
40.2%
8.5%
51.3%
GM
Truck
Van
1998
22.2
15.8
21.1
18.2
559
417
489
4291
240
199
10.5
0.844
0.0465
47.6
51.1%
7.0%
42.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1999
22.0
15.5
20.9
18.0
567
417
494
4327
243
193
10.7
0.810
0.0447
47.7
49.3%
6.6%
44.2%
GM
Truck
Van
2000
22.1
15.5
20.8
18.0
565
417
493
4323
241
193
10.2
0.813
0.0447
48.0
49.0%
7.5%
43.4%
GM
Truck
Van
2001
22.9
15.9
21.9
18.7
553
394
476
4275
234
193
10.0
0.838
0.0453
49.3
59.7%
5.3%
35.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2002
22.3
15.4
21.3
18.2
569
403
489
4307
235
193
10.2
0.834
0.0449
48.6
55.1%
10.6%
34.3%
GM
Truck
Van
2003
23.2
15.8
22.1
18.8
556
393
473
4347
228
195
10.2
0.860
0.0449
50.5
59.4%
15.9%
24.7%
GM
Truck
Van
2004
23.1
15.6
21.9
18.6
563
396
477
4360
232
197
10.1
0.855
0.0453
50.4
59.8%
9.5%
30.8%
GM
Truck
Van
2005
22.6
15.3
21.2
18.2
575
413
489
4532
231
200
10.1
0.874
0.0442
51.5
64.0%
9.3%
26.7%
GM
Truck
Van
2006
22.9
15.4
21.6
18.4
572
407
483
4715
231
208
10.2
0.903
0.0440
54.0
68.0%
8.9%
23.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2007
22.6
15.2
21.5
18.2
582
408
487
4726
251
237
9.5
0.947
0.0503
53.5
69.0%
3.9%
27.1%
GM
Truck
Van
2008
22.8
15.3
21.6
18.4
576
406
484
4704
53.0
250
238
9.5
0.959
0.0508
53.7
73.3%
3.8%
22.9%
GM
Truck
Van
2009
20.0
13.9
18.1
16.0
635
488
556
5271
62.7
285
233
10.1
0.809
0.0438
52.8
16.4%
83.6%
GM
Truck
Van
2010
20.1
13.9
18.4
16.2
634
480
550
5342
63.5
289
241
10.1
0.826
0.0447
53.8
20.5%
79.5%
GM
Truck
Van
2011
19.7
13.6
18.2
15.9
645
485
559
5451
64.1
294
248
10.0
0.833
0.0451
53.7
21.2%
78.8%
GM
Truck
Van
2012
20.1
13.9
18.6
16.3
632
475
547
5342
64.0
286
237
10.2
0.819
0.0440
53.8
15.3%
84.7%
GM
Truck
Van
2013
20.0
13.8
18.4
16.1
636
479
551
5368
64.0
290
245
10.0
0.833
0.0451
53.7
20.4%
79.6%
GM
Truck
Van
2014
19.1
13.3
17.8
15.5
667
499
573
5384
63.9
289
244
10.1
0.831
0.0448
51.4
20.0%
80.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2015
16.2
10.9
16.1
13.4
813
550
664
6662
65.2
321
297
9.2
0.929
0.0445
53.8
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2016
15.8
10.7
15.9
13.1
832
558
676
6647
64.8
366
324
8.6
0.885
0.0488
52.6
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2017
15.4
10.3
15.4
12.7
862
577
699
6669
66.0
366
324
8.6
0.885
0.0486
51.4
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2018
34.8
24.0
26.0
25.1
370
342
354
3500
47.9
122
131
11.4
1.073
0.0374
60.9
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
11.7
9.9
10.0
9.9
893
870
894
4896
354
162
0.457
0.0331
28.9
74.9%
25.1%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
13.0
10.6
11.7
11.0
836
755
806
4931
361
153
0.421
0.0310
32.1
79.9%
20.1%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
14.6
11.9
13.1
12.4
737
666
716
4703
359
158
0.439
0.0335
34.7
74.4%
25.6%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
14.0
11.4
12.6
11.9
775
694
747
4711
356
165
13.2
0.464
0.0351
33.2
81.3%
18.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-7 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
GM
Truck
Van
1978
10.2%
89.8%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1979
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1980
20.6%
3.7%
75.7%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1981
12.5%
87.5%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1982
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1983
3.6%
96.4%
89.7%
10.3%
GM
Truck
Van
1984
3.0%
2.9%
94.1%
96.8%
3.2%
GM
Truck
Van
1985
2.6%
0.5%
96.9%
96.8%
2.2%
1.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1986
2.5%
6.0%
91.5%
48.0%
51.4%
0.6%
GM
Truck
Van
1987
1.5%
22.3%
76.2%
99.7%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Van
1988
1.1%
16.7%
82.2%
99.6%
0.4%
GM
Truck
Van
1989
0.8%
5.3%
93.8%
99.7%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Van
1990
3.9%
96.1%
99.8%
0.2%
GM
Truck
Van
1991
100.0%
99.7%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Van
1992
100.0%
19.6%
80.2%
0.2%
GM
Truck
Van
1993
100.0%
25.4%
74.6%
GM
Truck
Van
1994
100.0%
36.4%
63.6%
GM
Truck
Van
1995
100.0%
61.5%
38.5%
GM
Truck
Van
1996
100.0%
100.0%
2.0%
GM
Truck
Van
1997
100.0%
100.0%
0.5%
GM
Truck
Van
1998
100.0%
100.0%
0.5%
GM
Truck
Van
1999
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
GM
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2005
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2006
100.0%
100.0%
3.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2007
100.0%
100.0%
69.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2008
100.0%
100.0%
73.3%
GM
Truck
Van
2009
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2010
100.0%
100.0%
43.6%
GM
Truck
Van
2011
100.0%
100.0%
49.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2012
100.0%
100.0%
36.8%
GM
Truck
Van
2013
100.0%
100.0%
43.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2014
100.0%
100.0%
42.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Van
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
16.2%
83.8%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
15.8%
84.2%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
15.7%
84.3%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-8 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
11.3
9.5
9.6
9.5
934
919
934
5169
371
149
15.8
0.399
0.0286
29.2
42.6%
57.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
14.5
11.5
13.5
12.4
768
655
719
5071
341
161
15.0
0.474
0.0319
36.9
61.2%
38.8%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
16.2
12.8
15.0
13.7
687
586
646
5013
317
159
15.2
0.502
0.0317
40.7
65.5%
34.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
19.2
14.9
18.6
16.4
627
503
576
5260
333
147
17.0
0.446
0.0283
51.8
63.1%
36.9%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
20.2
15.5
20.0
17.3
573
444
525
4507
248
129
15.8
0.555
0.0286
45.9
84.8%
15.2%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
20.0
15.3
19.9
17.1
576
440
525
4420
237
128
15.7
0.572
0.0289
44.4
85.5%
14.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
20.1
15.3
20.2
17.2
572
432
519
4348
226
126
15.7
0.585
0.0287
43.9
87.2%
12.8%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
19.4
14.9
19.0
16.5
588
465
541
4290
222
130
14.3
0.628
0.0302
41.8
86.5%
13.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
19.3
14.6
19.0
16.3
602
462
545
4393
230
149
13.8
0.670
0.0334
42.2
86.6%
13.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
19.4
14.8
18.7
16.4
594
467
543
4463
248
157
13.4
0.660
0.0351
43.2
86.5%
13.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
20.0
15.1
19.1
16.8
571
456
529
4406
265
165
12.4
0.640
0.0373
43.8
87.5%
12.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
19.6
14.8
18.7
16.5
568
463
540
4431
255
158
12.1
0.652
0.0353
43.0
81.5%
18.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
20.5
15.4
19.7
17.2
566
445
517
4179
252
156
11.9
0.636
0.0373
42.8
92.1%
7.9%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
19.2
14.2
18.6
16.1
607
469
553
4349
258
171
11.3
0.680
0.0393
41.6
90.7%
9.3%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
19.4
14.3
18.6
16.2
603
468
549
4622
277
193
10.0
0.722
0.0424
44.6
85.8%
14.2%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
19.4
14.3
18.4
16.1
608
472
552
4731
270
192
10.1
0.738
0.0407
45.8
87.6%
12.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
19.4
14.2
18.4
16.1
613
472
553
4701
270
187
10.5
0.728
0.0401
45.5
89.6%
10.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.8
14.3
18.8
16.3
609
466
544
4786
281
207
10.4
0.752
0.0429
47.1
83.3%
16.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
19.4
13.9
18.5
16.0
629
475
555
4935
294
216
10.2
0.745
0.0435
47.7
81.0%
19.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
20.3
14.5
19.3
16.7
607
457
533
4625
272
205
10.5
0.766
0.0441
46.8
90.0%
10.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
19.8
14.2
18.4
16.2
619
479
550
4688
280
213
10.3
0.777
0.0451
46.2
63.6%
36.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
19.5
13.9
18.0
15.9
629
487
560
4966
282
220
10.0
0.792
0.0441
48.3
87.7%
12.3%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
18.8
13.5
17.0
15.2
654
519
585
5192
294
241
9.5
0.824
0.0461
48.5
72.2%
27.8%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
19.4
13.5
18.4
15.8
651
480
561
5149
283
267
9.0
0.955
0.0520
49.9
70.5%
29.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
19.1
13.3
18.0
15.5
664
489
572
5288
287
268
9.0
0.946
0.0507
50.5
66.6%
33.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
19.4
13.4
18.2
15.7
660
484
566
5309
291
277
CO
CO
0.966
0.0525
51.4
67.5%
32.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
19.5
13.3
18.2
15.7
664
485
565
5398
293
285
8.7
0.986
0.0531
52.5
67.7%
32.3%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
20.2
13.8
18.8
16.3
642
468
546
5101
271
273
CO
CO
1.019
0.0537
51.3
74.8%
25.2%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
20.4
13.8
19.4
16.5
642
455
538
5574
301
304
8.5
1.020
0.0547
56.9
4.7%
61.4%
33.9%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
21.2
14.3
20.3
17.2
615
434
517
5315
53.7
275
290
8.6
1.071
0.0546
56.6
17.7%
56.8%
25.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
22.4
15.0
21.4
18.1
584
412
492
5266
54.6
259
298
8.0
1.179
0.0565
59.1
35.1%
43.2%
21.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
23.3
15.6
22.3
18.8
567
397
472
5355
55.3
261
298
8.0
1.177
0.0558
62.4
36.1%
47.4%
16.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
22.7
15.3
21.5
18.3
579
410
486
5523
56.6
275
319
7.8
1.198
0.0579
62.6
29.1%
55.2%
15.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
23.2
15.5
21.9
18.6
569
403
478
5396
56.5
264
307
7.9
1.196
0.0570
62.5
35.8%
51.9%
12.3%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
23.7
15.9
22.3
19.0
549
391
468
5336
55.3
261
291
8.3
1.155
0.0540
63.2
18.2%
64.8%
17.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
24.8
16.5
23.2
19.8
528
377
449
5062
54.6
229
277
8.4
1.243
0.0541
62.5
32.4%
58.9%
8.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
24.9
16.6
23.5
19.9
526
374
446
5310
55.1
257
306
8.1
1.233
0.0567
65.7
18.4%
65.5%
16.1%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
24.3
16.2
23.1
19.6
535
379
454
5215
54.7
252
299
8.1
1.238
0.0562
63.4
17.8%
66.5%
15.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
25.2
16.8
24.0
20.3
516
365
439
5007
53.5
237
293
8.0
1.281
0.0581
63.2
27.6%
62.0%
10.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
27.7
18.4
25.5
21.9
469
344
406
4731
52.0
212
288
7.6
1.486
0.0602
65.3
21.5%
69.6%
8.9%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1975
14.3
11.4
13.4
12.2
758
628
729
4073
321
148
0.468
0.0362
29.6
10.4%
89.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1976
14.6
11.7
13.3
12.4
733
632
718
4193
329
142
0.438
0.0338
31.1
18.6%
81.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1977
15.2
12.5
13.4
12.9
687
628
689
4214
325
145
0.459
0.0345
32.5
19.7%
80.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1978
14.7
12.2
12.8
12.5
705
649
715
4248
322
151
13.2
0.479
0.0355
31.9
27.4%
72.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1979
15.2
12.6
13.4
12.9
681
625
692
4495
304
132
15.7
0.460
0.0294
35.0
5.9%
94.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-9 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
14.2%
85.8%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
13.8%
86.2%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
8.3%
91.7%
52.1%
47.9%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
23.0%
77.0%
86.1%
13.9%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
22.7%
77.3%
93.8%
6.2%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
19.9%
80.1%
94.7%
2.2%
3.1%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
32.9%
67.1%
55.5%
40.5%
4.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
20.4%
79.6%
11.4%
87.3%
1.3%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
18.1%
81.9%
20.2%
78.8%
1.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
16.9%
83.1%
11.9%
87.4%
0.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
25.6%
74.4%
10.2%
88.9%
0.9%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
15.4%
84.6%
3.6%
95.8%
0.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
16.6%
83.4%
27.9%
72.1%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
9.8%
90.2%
55.8%
44.2%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
9.8%
90.2%
60.7%
39.3%
12.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
8.1%
91.9%
64.4%
35.6%
21.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
0.0%
12.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
2.5%
97.5%
100.0%
0.0%
8.8%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%
0.0%
14.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
3.2%
96.8%
100.0%
11.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
6.3%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
0.7%
99.3%
100.0%
6.2%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
0.4%
99.5%
0.1%
100.0%
40.9%
36.2%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
0.2%
98.4%
1.3%
100.0%
41.2%
36.7%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
0.0%
99.5%
0.5%
100.0%
43.3%
39.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
0.0%
99.8%
0.2%
100.0%
44.3%
44.1%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
61.6%
62.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
27.6%
43.5%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
0.2%
98.6%
1.2%
100.0%
49.8%
62.3%
1.2%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
0.1%
97.9%
2.0%
22.8%
77.2%
63.8%
72.9%
2.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
0.0%
99.6%
0.4%
62.7%
37.3%
64.4%
99.8%
0.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
0.0%
99.6%
0.4%
52.1%
47.9%
52.6%
100.0%
0.4%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
99.7%
0.3%
62.4%
37.6%
62.4%
100.0%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
99.7%
0.3%
49.5%
50.5%
51.2%
100.0%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
100.0%
72.7%
27.3%
76.8%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
100.0%
93.9%
6.1%
53.1%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
100.0%
91.7%
8.3%
55.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
100.0%
94.1%
5.9%
69.2%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
100.0%
94.8%
3.7%
1.5%
73.3%
98.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1975
35.7%
64.3%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1976
31.1%
68.9%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1977
26.5%
73.5%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1978
27.2%
72.8%
97.6%
2.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1979
32.4%
67.6%
94.6%
5.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-10 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
GM
Truck
Pickup
1980
18.5
14.7
17.1
15.7
587
502
571
4157
269
131
15.6
0.516
0.0314
38.9
21.4%
78.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1981
20.0
15.9
18.5
17.0
548
468
528
4012
259
129
15.5
0.511
0.0318
40.5
13.8%
86.2%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1982
21.9
17.2
20.7
18.6
511
421
487
3850
244
128
16.1
0.547
0.0334
42.3
10.5%
89.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1983
21.3
16.6
20.5
18.2
523
421
494
3931
244
130
14.6
0.556
0.0332
42.2
22.4%
77.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1984
20.7
16.1
20.0
17.6
537
431
507
3962
243
128
14.8
0.550
0.0323
41.3
21.9%
78.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1985
20.4
15.9
19.6
17.4
537
431
512
3926
241
133
14.2
0.570
0.0337
40.4
21.8%
78.2%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1986
20.8
16.3
19.7
17.7
525
431
504
3893
238
134
13.3
0.587
0.0345
40.8
22.2%
77.8%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1987
21.3
16.4
20.5
18.1
521
415
493
3749
231
141
13.0
0.628
0.0370
40.2
23.6%
76.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1988
20.4
15.5
19.6
17.2
549
433
516
4013
270
160
12.5
0.605
0.0393
41.2
27.7%
72.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1989
20.5
15.6
19.7
17.3
551
438
515
3976
275
165
11.6
0.608
0.0409
41.0
27.0%
73.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1990
19.2
14.5
18.4
16.1
596
469
551
4241
300
179
10.7
0.603
0.0419
41.0
31.4%
68.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1991
21.4
15.9
20.6
17.9
539
418
497
3845
257
156
11.1
0.614
0.0400
41.2
22.7%
77.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1992
20.3
15.0
19.6
17.0
576
442
523
4088
276
167
10.6
0.614
0.0406
41.6
26.2%
73.8%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1993
20.2
14.8
19.4
16.8
586
448
528
4189
281
173
9.9
0.624
0.0413
42.2
0.0%
27.6%
72.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1994
20.0
14.7
19.1
16.6
585
453
534
4256
287
179
9.8
0.643
0.0420
42.9
33.1%
66.9%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1995
20.2
14.7
19.1
16.7
581
447
533
4270
278
173
10.2
0.655
0.0403
43.6
33.5%
66.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1996
21.3
15.4
20.3
17.6
561
425
506
4304
273
197
10.1
0.740
0.0452
46.2
30.6%
69.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1997
20.5
14.7
19.6
16.9
590
443
526
4597
289
213
9.9
0.751
0.0459
47.2
37.1%
62.9%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1998
21.1
15.0
20.1
17.3
572
429
513
4311
267
201
10.4
0.770
0.0457
45.9
36.3%
63.7%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1999
19.8
14.2
18.4
16.2
612
471
550
4763
293
228
10.0
0.785
0.0477
47.1
56.9%
43.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2000
20.8
14.9
19.2
16.9
590
454
524
4401
272
219
9.5
0.808
0.0489
45.9
41.2%
58.8%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2001
20.4
14.5
18.7
16.5
609
470
538
4592
279
227
9.3
0.815
0.0488
46.7
38.8%
61.2%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2002
19.1
13.5
17.5
15.4
655
506
576
4988
302
257
9.0
0.846
0.0515
47.5
51.4%
48.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2003
20.1
14.0
18.4
16.2
625
473
549
4712
277
235
9.4
0.848
0.0492
47.2
42.5%
57.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2004
20.0
14.0
18.1
16.1
631
487
554
4951
302
262
CO
CO
0.872
0.0530
49.5
50.3%
49.7%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2005
20.4
14.1
18.8
16.4
628
469
541
4891
289
263
8.7
0.917
0.0537
49.9
48.7%
51.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2006
20.7
14.3
19.0
16.6
619
465
535
4878
287
260
CO
CO
0.912
0.0531
50.4
44.7%
55.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2007
20.3
14.0
18.8
16.4
635
471
543
5213
298
276
8.9
0.926
0.0528
53.0
45.3%
54.7%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2008
20.9
14.3
19.4
16.8
621
456
529
5257
63.2
298
277
9.0
0.925
0.0524
54.8
50.6%
49.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2009
20.8
14.2
19.5
16.8
624
455
530
5325
64.3
305
291
8.4
0.953
0.0545
55.4
50.9%
49.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2010
21.5
14.5
20.3
17.3
608
435
513
5318
63.7
303
288
8.4
0.951
0.0540
57.2
60.5%
39.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2011
21.4
14.5
20.3
17.4
609
435
512
5365
65.4
309
300
8.2
0.970
0.0558
57.6
62.5%
37.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2012
21.8
14.8
20.7
17.7
597
428
503
5236
63.9
300
293
8.3
0.979
0.0558
57.1
61.9%
38.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2013
21.4
14.5
20.4
17.4
611
434
512
5436
66.4
317
310
8.0
0.977
0.0570
58.4
64.2%
35.8%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2014
23.9
16.2
22.3
19.2
549
398
463
5463
67.8
313
335
7.6
1.072
0.0613
65.2
65.7%
34.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2015
24.3
16.4
22.7
19.5
541
391
456
5353
65.9
303
332
7.5
1.105
0.0620
64.9
69.5%
30.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2016
24.4
16.5
22.8
19.6
537
389
455
5295
63.7
285
320
7.7
1.142
0.0604
64.5
67.9%
32.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2017
23.8
16.1
22.2
19.1
553
400
467
5487
65.6
302
335
7.5
1.120
0.0610
65.1
71.3%
28.7%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2018
23.9
16.2
22.2
19.1
550
400
466
5417
64.7
296
338
7.4
1.156
0.0623
64.6
68.6%
31.4%
GM
Truck
All
1975
14.1
11.3
12.9
12.0
766
647
743
4159
321
147
0.464
0.0354
29.7
14.6%
85.4%
GM
Truck
All
1976
14.3
11.6
13.0
12.2
743
648
730
4266
331
142
0.435
0.0334
31.1
22.1%
77.9%
GM
Truck
All
1977
15.1
12.5
13.3
12.8
693
635
693
4267
328
146
0.454
0.0343
32.7
22.6%
77.4%
GM
Truck
All
1978
14.5
12.0
12.7
12.3
716
660
723
4302
326
152
13.2
0.476
0.0355
31.9
28.1%
71.9%
GM
Truck
All
1979
14.5
12.0
12.6
12.3
709
659
725
4585
314
134
15.8
0.447
0.0292
34.1
9.7%
90.3%
GM
Truck
All
1980
17.9
14.2
16.6
15.2
607
519
590
4252
278
135
15.5
0.509
0.0317
38.4
21.9%
78.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-11 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
GM
Truck
Pickup
1980
39.4%
6.0%
54.7%
90.9%
9.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1981
38.6%
1.1%
60.3%
91.4%
8.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1982
35.6%
0.1%
64.3%
85.3%
14.7%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1983
34.0%
0.1%
65.8%
92.5%
7.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1984
31.4%
0.6%
68.0%
94.3%
5.7%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1985
31.0%
4.3%
64.7%
84.8%
12.5%
2.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1986
34.5%
6.3%
59.2%
66.9%
31.0%
2.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1987
36.3%
9.2%
54.5%
10.6%
88.4%
1.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1988
29.1%
9.2%
61.7%
2.3%
1.4%
95.8%
0.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1989
33.2%
2.6%
64.2%
2.9%
1.9%
94.8%
0.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1990
29.4%
6.8%
63.8%
4.8%
2.6%
92.1%
0.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1991
45.2%
54.8%
3.0%
0.7%
95.9%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1992
39.1%
60.9%
4.3%
1.2%
94.2%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1993
29.0%
71.0%
2.6%
1.5%
95.9%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1994
21.8%
78.2%
2.1%
17.1%
80.8%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1995
32.3%
67.7%
25.4%
74.6%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1996
23.3%
76.7%
99.5%
0.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1997
18.5%
81.5%
99.8%
0.2%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1998
21.2%
78.8%
99.9%
0.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
1999
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
0.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2000
9.5%
90.5%
100.0%
0.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2001
6.5%
93.5%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2002
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2003
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2004
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
13.3%
13.3%
0.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2005
4.3%
95.7%
100.0%
21.6%
21.6%
0.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2006
4.3%
95.7%
100.0%
19.1%
19.1%
0.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2007
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
5.3%
11.4%
0.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2008
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
5.3%
14.7%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2009
0.8%
98.6%
0.5%
100.0%
8.8%
9.9%
0.5%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2010
0.4%
99.1%
0.4%
100.0%
10.1%
92.3%
0.4%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2011
0.2%
99.5%
0.3%
100.0%
5.6%
92.4%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2012
0.4%
99.5%
0.2%
100.0%
14.5%
92.7%
0.2%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2013
99.8%
0.2%
100.0%
92.0%
0.2%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2015
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
12.3%
100.0%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2016
0.3%
99.7%
98.0%
2.0%
28.1%
98.0%
0.1%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2017
0.2%
99.8%
98.2%
1.8%
17.0%
98.2%
0.3%
GM
Truck
Pickup
2018
0.3%
99.7%
97.1%
2.9%
23.8%
97.1%
0.5%
GM
Truck
All
1975
32.3%
67.7%
100.0%
GM
Truck
All
1976
28.4%
71.6%
100.0%
GM
Truck
All
1977
24.0%
76.0%
100.0%
GM
Truck
All
1978
23.3%
76.7%
98.2%
1.8%
GM
Truck
All
1979
27.9%
72.1%
96.0%
4.0%
GM
Truck
All
1980
35.0%
5.2%
59.8%
92.7%
7.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-12 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
GM
Truck
All
1981
19.4
15.5
18.0
16.5
563
481
542
4118
266
132
15.4
0.510
0.0320
40.4
14.7%
85.3%
GM
Truck
All
1982
21.0
16.6
19.8
17.9
531
439
507
4030
257
132
16.2
0.535
0.0331
42.6
12.5%
87.5%
GM
Truck
All
1983
20.6
16.1
19.8
17.6
544
438
511
4144
257
134
14.8
0.546
0.0325
43.0
28.6%
71.4%
GM
Truck
All
1984
20.1
15.6
19.4
17.1
559
446
523
4158
252
132
15.0
0.544
0.0317
41.9
31.4%
68.6%
GM
Truck
All
1985
20.0
15.5
19.3
17.0
555
442
523
4098
246
136
14.4
0.568
0.0330
41.3
32.5%
67.5%
GM
Truck
All
1986
20.1
15.7
19.1
17.1
551
449
522
4068
245
137
13.5
0.585
0.0338
41.1
30.8%
69.2%
GM
Truck
All
1987
20.4
15.6
19.6
17.3
553
438
515
4029
245
151
13.1
0.629
0.0370
41.1
32.1%
67.9%
GM
Truck
All
1988
20.2
15.4
19.4
17.0
562
443
522
4140
269
161
12.7
0.612
0.0386
41.9
33.0%
67.0%
GM
Truck
All
1989
20.3
15.4
19.5
17.1
560
444
519
4120
276
166
11.9
0.609
0.0399
42.0
34.1%
65.9%
GM
Truck
All
1990
19.7
14.8
18.9
16.6
582
459
537
4281
280
168
11.5
0.612
0.0390
42.4
10.2%
31.0%
58.7%
GM
Truck
All
1991
21.1
15.7
20.3
17.7
550
428
504
4006
257
156
11.6
0.616
0.0386
42.3
5.0%
34.2%
60.8%
GM
Truck
All
1992
20.2
15.0
19.5
16.9
580
446
526
4195
270
167
11.0
0.629
0.0397
42.5
6.9%
33.1%
60.1%
GM
Truck
All
1993
20.1
14.8
19.4
16.8
589
450
530
4329
277
178
10.1
0.652
0.0411
43.5
5.4%
35.6%
59.0%
GM
Truck
All
1994
20.1
14.7
19.1
16.7
589
453
533
4388
278
181
10.0
0.671
0.0413
44.2
5.5%
41.9%
52.6%
GM
Truck
All
1995
20.0
14.6
19.0
16.6
593
453
536
4420
273
179
10.4
0.682
0.0405
44.5
6.0%
44.8%
49.2%
GM
Truck
All
1996
20.7
15.0
19.7
17.1
579
440
520
4503
274
200
10.3
0.748
0.0442
46.7
3.3%
48.0%
48.7%
GM
Truck
All
1997
20.4
14.6
19.4
16.8
597
449
529
4662
282
211
10.0
0.764
0.0452
47.5
8.3%
46.2%
45.5%
GM
Truck
All
1998
21.1
15.0
20.0
17.3
579
434
513
4394
263
201
10.4
0.785
0.0454
46.5
11.1%
44.9%
44.1%
GM
Truck
All
1999
20.2
14.4
18.8
16.5
604
461
539
4656
280
217
10.2
0.788
0.0464
47.0
9.9%
48.6%
41.6%
GM
Truck
All
2000
20.6
14.7
19.1
16.8
596
456
529
4559
269
214
9.8
0.804
0.0466
47.0
9.7%
48.8%
41.5%
GM
Truck
All
2001
20.0
14.3
18.4
16.2
616
474
547
4786
278
227
9.5
0.823
0.0471
47.9
9.7%
47.1%
43.3%
GM
Truck
All
2002
19.6
13.7
18.3
15.9
641
478
558
4993
284
255
9.1
0.902
0.0510
48.9
6.5%
56.7%
36.8%
GM
Truck
All
2003
20.0
13.9
18.7
16.2
631
467
549
4933
275
245
9.3
0.896
0.0493
49.2
8.3%
50.2%
41.5%
GM
Truck
All
2004
19.9
13.8
18.4
16.1
639
476
553
5085
290
264
8.9
0.919
0.0521
50.6
5.2%
55.7%
39.2%
GM
Truck
All
2005
20.2
13.9
18.8
16.3
636
468
546
5075
284
266
CO
CO
0.942
0.0523
51.2
7.5%
52.6%
39.9%
GM
Truck
All
2006
20.7
14.2
19.1
16.6
624
460
535
4954
275
260
8.9
0.955
0.0525
51.1
6.5%
53.6%
39.9%
GM
Truck
All
2007
20.5
13.9
19.3
16.5
636
459
537
5365
297
288
8.7
0.974
0.0536
55.0
6.2%
51.0%
42.8%
GM
Truck
All
2008
21.2
14.3
20.0
17.1
615
441
520
5244
58.0
284
280
CO
CO
0.997
0.0533
55.5
13.8%
50.1%
36.1%
GM
Truck
All
2009
21.4
14.5
20.2
17.3
607
436
514
5299
60.1
285
293
8.3
1.047
0.0551
56.9
15.0%
46.9%
38.0%
GM
Truck
All
2010
22.3
15.0
21.2
18.0
588
417
494
5336
59.6
282
292
8.3
1.057
0.0547
59.6
17.4%
53.2%
29.4%
GM
Truck
All
2011
22.0
14.9
20.9
17.8
594
423
500
5446
61.0
292
309
8.0
1.083
0.0567
60.1
14.6%
58.3%
27.0%
GM
Truck
All
2012
22.4
15.1
21.2
18.1
583
416
491
5320
60.1
281
299
8.1
1.086
0.0561
59.8
18.2%
55.7%
26.1%
GM
Truck
All
2013
22.6
15.2
21.3
18.2
576
411
489
5381
60.4
286
299
8.2
1.070
0.0552
60.9
9.7%
63.7%
26.5%
GM
Truck
All
2014
24.1
16.2
22.6
19.3
543
391
460
5306
62.6
280
311
7.9
1.134
0.0582
63.9
12.6%
62.2%
25.2%
GM
Truck
All
2015
24.6
16.5
23.1
19.7
533
382
451
5332
60.3
279
318
7.8
1.171
0.0592
65.3
9.6%
67.3%
23.1%
GM
Truck
All
2016
24.4
16.4
22.9
19.6
536
384
455
5255
59.1
268
309
7.9
1.191
0.0583
63.9
9.1%
67.2%
23.7%
GM
Truck
All
2017
24.5
16.5
23.1
19.7
532
380
451
5220
58.9
266
312
7.8
1.209
0.0594
64.0
15.4%
66.1%
18.6%
GM
Truck
All
2018
25.7
17.3
23.8
20.5
504
370
436
5059
58.3
253
311
7.5
1.319
0.0611
65.0
11.6%
68.5%
19.9%
GM
All
All
1975
14.9
11.7
14.0
12.7
736
609
702
4432
338
150
0.453
0.0337
33.2
1.9%
2.9%
95.2%
GM
All
All
1976
16.1
12.7
15.1
13.7
674
563
650
4373
330
147
0.455
0.0333
35.4
2.0%
4.6%
93.4%
GM
All
All
1977
17.2
13.7
15.9
14.6
633
540
608
4201
317
145
0.464
0.0345
36.4
1.9%
4.2%
93.9%
GM
All
All
1978
17.8
14.2
16.6
15.2
604
508
586
3898
297
139
13.3
0.477
0.0355
35.3
1.9%
6.0%
92.1%
GM
All
All
1979
18.0
14.4
16.5
15.3
593
513
583
3928
290
135
14.2
0.483
0.0345
35.8
3.2%
2.0%
94.8%
GM
All
All
1980
21.3
16.6
20.4
18.1
523
424
493
3495
232
116
15.0
0.533
0.0334
37.3
23.9%
2.8%
73.3%
GM
All
All
1981
22.6
17.5
21.9
19.3
498
399
466
3538
232
114
15.4
0.519
0.0321
40.1
22.2%
2.0%
75.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-13 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
GM
Truck
All
1981
33.2%
0.9%
65.9%
93.1%
6.9%
GM
Truck
All
1982
29.5%
0.1%
70.4%
85.1%
14.9%
GM
Truck
All
1983
26.5%
0.1%
73.5%
90.9%
9.1%
GM
Truck
All
1984
24.6%
0.9%
74.6%
94.7%
5.3%
GM
Truck
All
1985
22.6%
2.5%
74.9%
89.6%
8.0%
2.4%
GM
Truck
All
1986
26.1%
4.8%
69.1%
59.7%
38.2%
2.1%
GM
Truck
All
1987
23.0%
10.6%
66.4%
7.9%
91.3%
0.8%
GM
Truck
All
1988
21.2%
9.0%
69.8%
1.4%
4.7%
93.4%
0.6%
GM
Truck
All
1989
22.7%
2.6%
74.7%
1.7%
3.6%
94.3%
0.4%
GM
Truck
All
1990
19.6%
4.7%
75.7%
2.5%
3.1%
94.0%
0.5%
GM
Truck
All
1991
29.7%
70.3%
1.8%
1.2%
96.7%
0.4%
GM
Truck
All
1992
24.5%
75.5%
2.3%
11.1%
86.3%
0.2%
GM
Truck
All
1993
17.6%
82.4%
1.4%
19.6%
79.1%
GM
Truck
All
1994
14.4%
85.6%
1.1%
32.0%
66.9%
3.2%
GM
Truck
All
1995
17.1%
82.9%
46.0%
54.0%
6.5%
GM
Truck
All
1996
13.0%
87.0%
99.8%
0.2%
5.1%
GM
Truck
All
1997
9.2%
90.8%
99.9%
0.1%
3.1%
GM
Truck
All
1998
11.7%
88.3%
99.9%
0.1%
4.1%
GM
Truck
All
1999
5.9%
94.1%
100.0%
0.0%
3.1%
GM
Truck
All
2000
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
2.1%
GM
Truck
All
2001
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
2.6%
GM
Truck
All
2002
1.0%
98.9%
0.1%
100.0%
21.7%
19.2%
GM
Truck
All
2003
2.6%
96.8%
0.6%
100.0%
19.5%
17.4%
GM
Truck
All
2004
1.1%
98.6%
0.3%
100.0%
27.7%
25.4%
0.0%
GM
Truck
All
2005
1.9%
98.0%
0.1%
100.0%
29.2%
29.1%
0.1%
GM
Truck
All
2006
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
34.7%
35.3%
0.2%
GM
Truck
All
2007
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
16.1%
30.6%
0.0%
GM
Truck
All
2008
0.5%
98.9%
0.6%
100.0%
25.9%
41.5%
0.6%
GM
Truck
All
2009
0.5%
98.3%
1.1%
9.8%
90.2%
32.2%
36.7%
1.1%
GM
Truck
All
2010
0.2%
99.4%
0.4%
30.2%
69.8%
36.1%
94.8%
0.4%
GM
Truck
All
2011
0.1%
99.6%
0.3%
26.3%
73.7%
29.2%
95.7%
0.3%
GM
Truck
All
2012
0.2%
99.6%
0.2%
31.7%
68.3%
38.5%
95.1%
0.2%
GM
Truck
All
2013
99.8%
0.2%
26.5%
73.5%
27.4%
95.4%
0.2%
GM
Truck
All
2014
100.0%
87.6%
12.4%
29.9%
98.9%
GM
Truck
All
2015
0.1%
99.9%
96.7%
3.3%
33.5%
100.0%
GM
Truck
All
2016
0.2%
99.8%
94.7%
4.3%
1.0%
41.9%
99.0%
0.1%
GM
Truck
All
2017
0.1%
99.9%
95.8%
3.4%
0.8%
46.0%
99.2%
0.2%
GM
Truck
All
2018
0.2%
99.0%
0.9%
95.1%
2.7%
2.2%
49.1%
97.8%
0.2%
GM
All
All
1975
12.0%
88.0%
98.2%
1.8%
GM
All
All
1976
11.4%
88.6%
98.7%
1.3%
GM
All
All
1977
7.6%
92.4%
99.0%
1.0%
GM
All
All
1978
9.5%
90.5%
97.6%
1.4%
0.9%
GM
All
All
1979
10.6%
85.2%
4.2%
95.5%
1.6%
2.9%
GM
All
All
1980
15.7%
59.0%
25.3%
93.8%
0.3%
0.9%
5.1%
GM
All
All
1981
12.5%
27.2%
60.2%
88.8%
3.3%
7.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-14 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
GM
All
All
1982
23.5
18.0
23.4
20.1
482
370
447
3490
221
115
16.2
0.551
0.0328
41.3
30.4%
2.3%
67.3%
GM
All
All
1983
22.9
17.5
22.9
19.5
496
377
457
3582
229
120
14.5
0.551
0.0334
41.1
29.7%
5.5%
64.8%
GM
All
All
1984
23.5
17.9
23.5
20.0
480
365
445
3498
217
118
14.5
0.576
0.0337
41.2
36.2%
5.8%
58.1%
GM
All
All
1985
24.0
18.2
24.2
20.5
469
352
434
3497
215
121
14.1
0.587
0.0344
42.2
46.6%
7.1%
46.2%
GM
All
All
1986
25.1
19.0
25.2
21.4
446
337
415
3366
202
120
13.3
0.624
0.0354
42.6
56.2%
6.5%
37.3%
GM
All
All
1987
25.3
18.9
25.5
21.4
449
335
414
3386
204
129
13.0
0.658
0.0377
43.0
58.7%
7.3%
34.0%
GM
All
All
1988
25.2
18.8
25.3
21.3
451
334
417
3444
206
133
12.9
0.675
0.0384
43.8
61.9%
9.5%
28.6%
GM
All
All
1989
24.8
18.3
24.8
20.9
465
343
425
3477
215
143
11.9
0.693
0.0408
43.3
60.9%
10.4%
28.7%
GM
All
All
1990
24.5
17.9
24.6
20.6
475
344
431
3560
212
146
11.2
0.722
0.0408
43.8
68.9%
9.2%
21.8%
GM
All
All
1991
24.8
18.0
24.9
20.8
473
343
427
3500
211
144
11.3
0.716
0.0410
43.5
59.6%
11.1%
29.4%
GM
All
All
1992
24.2
17.4
24.5
20.3
487
348
438
3585
217
152
10.7
0.738
0.0423
43.6
63.3%
10.2%
26.5%
GM
All
All
1993
24.3
17.5
24.3
20.3
486
350
438
3631
219
157
9.9
0.751
0.0432
44.3
61.8%
11.9%
26.2%
GM
All
All
1994
24.1
17.3
23.7
20.0
491
356
444
3700
221
161
9.8
0.765
0.0434
44.7
56.1%
15.6%
28.3%
GM
All
All
1995
23.9
17.0
23.6
19.8
500
358
448
3760
223
170
9.7
0.803
0.0455
45.2
56.5%
17.2%
26.3%
GM
All
All
1996
24.7
17.4
24.3
20.4
493
350
436
3766
220
179
9.9
0.841
0.0473
46.5
57.9%
17.2%
24.9%
GM
All
All
1997
24.4
17.1
23.9
20.1
498
355
442
3841
222
185
9.8
0.860
0.0481
46.8
60.2%
17.9%
21.9%
GM
All
All
1998
24.5
17.1
23.9
20.1
504
358
442
3781
220
185
10.0
0.863
0.0486
46.4
59.7%
17.6%
22.7%
GM
All
All
1999
23.7
16.6
22.9
19.4
518
371
457
3935
228
190
10.0
0.855
0.0481
46.7
57.2%
20.2%
22.6%
GM
All
All
2000
23.8
16.5
22.8
19.4
522
372
457
3962
228
193
9.6
0.860
0.0483
47.2
52.9%
21.9%
25.2%
GM
All
All
2001
23.8
16.5
22.6
19.4
521
373
459
4032
228
198
9.3
0.886
0.0491
48.1
54.6%
19.9%
25.5%
GM
All
All
2002
23.2
15.9
22.0
18.8
537
383
473
4210
239
216
9.1
0.916
0.0512
48.7
49.5%
28.1%
22.3%
GM
All
All
2003
23.1
15.8
21.9
18.7
543
386
475
4272
236
215
9.2
0.926
0.0502
49.3
46.8%
27.6%
25.6%
GM
All
All
2004
23.4
15.9
22.1
18.9
539
380
471
4287
242
225
8.9
0.946
0.0523
50.1
47.6%
29.1%
23.4%
GM
All
All
2005
23.8
16.0
22.5
19.1
537
378
464
4276
236
225
8.9
0.963
0.0524
50.8
48.8%
28.1%
23.0%
GM
All
All
2006
24.4
16.4
23.0
19.6
528
371
454
4183
229
224
8.9
0.993
0.0534
51.0
53.8%
24.9%
21.4%
GM
All
All
2007
23.8
15.9
22.6
19.1
539
379
464
4492
243
241
8.9
1.007
0.0534
53.2
47.6%
27.0%
25.5%
GM
All
All
2008
24.4
16.3
23.3
19.6
529
370
452
4421
51.6
235
239
8.9
1.038
0.0539
53.8
53.1%
25.8%
21.2%
GM
All
All
2009
25.6
17.1
24.3
20.6
499
351
432
4305
51.5
222
235
8.6
1.082
0.0541
55.3
58.1%
21.6%
20.3%
GM
All
All
2010
26.5
17.5
25.3
21.3
491
340
418
4349
51.5
221
245
8.4
1.139
0.0562
57.6
54.5%
25.6%
19.8%
GM
All
All
2011
25.8
17.1
24.5
20.7
501
350
430
4566
53.4
225
254
8.4
1.178
0.0552
59.2
49.9%
32.0%
18.1%
GM
All
All
2012
27.2
17.9
25.8
21.7
471
328
410
4392
52.0
208
244
8.4
1.231
0.0551
60.8
56.3%
28.4%
15.2%
GM
All
All
2013
27.7
18.3
26.2
22.1
440
318
402
4399
51.9
209
249
8.3
1.258
0.0560
62.5
55.1%
28.3%
16.5%
GM
All
All
2014
28.6
18.9
26.7
22.7
0
0
392
4410
53.2
209
255
8.2
1.289
0.0571
64.2
53.0%
29.9%
17.1%
GM
All
All
2015
28.0
18.5
26.2
22.2
0
0
399
4602
53.9
224
272
8.1
1.276
0.0584
65.0
43.5%
38.7%
17.7%
GM
All
All
2016
28.2
18.7
26.4
22.4
0
0
397
4518
53.2
211
264
8.1
1.336
0.0576
65.1
44.7%
38.5%
16.8%
GM
All
All
2017
28.7
19.1
26.9
22.9
0
0
388
4520
53.5
212
265
8.0
1.342
0.0578
71.0
45.5%
39.4%
15.1%
GM
All
All
2018
29.7
19.8
27.0
23.3
0
0
380
4429
53.3
199
266
7.8
1.473
0.0590
69.1
41.3%
41.9%
16.8%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
22.0
17.0
21.5
18.8
518
406
474
2718
121
89
0.738
0.0325
30.0
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
25.0
19.1
24.9
21.3
462
351
417
2735
115
85
0.741
0.0309
34.3
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
28.7
22.3
27.8
24.5
387
312
363
2628
88.1
108
80
0.742
0.0301
38.2
2593
3361
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
26.8
21.0
25.6
22.8
408
338
389
2622
90.7
113
82
14.4
0.741
0.0313
35.8
2491
3233
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
24.0
18.7
23.1
20.5
461
375
434
2701
88.1
113
81
16.0
0.730
0.0299
32.7
2166
2882
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
27.4
21.7
25.7
23.3
400
336
381
2620
91.0
115
78
16.3
0.682
0.0298
36.2
2561
3295
18.1%
81.9%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
30.9
24.6
28.7
26.3
354
301
338
2557
90.5
114
76
16.6
0.667
0.0294
39.8
2851
3595
20.4%
79.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
30.4
24.0
28.7
25.9
362
303
343
2575
91.4
118
81
17.2
0.682
0.0308
39.3
2829
3591
25.0%
75.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-15 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
GM
All
All
1982
12.6%
0.1%
87.3%
75.4%
16.8%
7.8%
GM
All
All
1983
10.6%
0.2%
89.2%
73.2%
0.2%
23.2%
3.4%
GM
All
All
1984
11.8%
0.3%
87.8%
70.4%
0.8%
27.2%
1.7%
GM
All
All
1985
10.0%
1.2%
88.8%
56.9%
13.3%
29.1%
0.7%
GM
All
All
1986
12.7%
2.5%
84.7%
40.6%
20.4%
38.6%
0.4%
GM
All
All
1987
11.1%
4.0%
84.9%
19.6%
29.1%
51.1%
0.2%
GM
All
All
1988
13.1%
3.9%
83.1%
9.1%
36.7%
54.0%
0.2%
GM
All
All
1989
12.4%
1.9%
85.7%
3.5%
39.7%
56.7%
0.1%
GM
All
All
1990
11.3%
2.1%
86.6%
1.5%
48.4%
49.9%
0.1%
GM
All
All
1991
16.7%
1.6%
81.7%
0.6%
37.6%
61.7%
0.1%
GM
All
All
1992
14.2%
2.0%
83.9%
0.8%
58.6%
40.5%
0.1%
GM
All
All
1993
13.0%
1.0%
86.0%
0.5%
62.8%
36.6%
GM
All
All
1994
12.4%
0.9%
86.6%
0.4%
70.0%
29.6%
9.7%
GM
All
All
1995
12.3%
0.7%
87.0%
77.5%
22.5%
14.8%
GM
All
All
1996
10.4%
89.6%
99.9%
0.1%
18.0%
GM
All
All
1997
8.8%
1.1%
90.1%
98.5%
1.5%
0.0%
18.7%
GM
All
All
1998
9.0%
0.4%
90.6%
99.7%
0.3%
0.0%
16.9%
GM
All
All
1999
6.1%
0.4%
93.5%
99.8%
0.2%
0.0%
18.8%
GM
All
All
2000
4.8%
0.5%
94.6%
99.9%
0.1%
14.2%
0.8%
GM
All
All
2001
4.1%
0.4%
95.5%
100.0%
16.3%
1.2%
GM
All
All
2002
3.6%
96.4%
0.1%
100.0%
23.8%
10.1%
GM
All
All
2003
3.6%
95.3%
1.1%
100.0%
29.6%
11.0%
GM
All
All
2004
3.5%
95.8%
0.7%
100.0%
36.7%
17.1%
0.0%
GM
All
All
2005
3.5%
96.5%
0.0%
100.0%
32.8%
19.6%
0.0%
GM
All
All
2006
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
42.8%
27.8%
0.1%
GM
All
All
2007
3.3%
96.7%
0.1%
99.9%
31.4%
37.5%
0.2%
GM
All
All
2008
2.4%
97.3%
0.3%
1.4%
98.6%
41.0%
50.2%
0.4%
GM
All
All
2009
3.0%
96.6%
0.5%
5.8%
94.2%
53.0%
60.8%
1.0%
GM
All
All
2010
3.2%
96.6%
0.1%
33.7%
66.3%
61.8%
94.8%
0.2%
GM
All
All
2011
1.9%
97.8%
0.3%
34.9%
65.1%
57.6%
95.1%
0.1%
GM
All
All
2012
2.8%
96.4%
0.9%
48.9%
51.1%
74.5%
97.1%
1.6%
GM
All
All
2013
2.3%
96.4%
1.3%
53.0%
47.0%
69.9%
96.9%
3.2%
GM
All
All
2014
2.0%
0.1%
95.5%
2.5%
73.9%
25.6%
0.4%
67.7%
98.6%
1.2%
GM
All
All
2015
1.3%
0.1%
97.3%
1.3%
84.5%
15.3%
0.1%
62.4%
99.4%
0.6%
GM
All
All
2016
1.1%
0.1%
97.5%
1.3%
86.0%
13.4%
0.5%
67.0%
99.3%
0.6%
GM
All
All
2017
1.1%
1.0%
95.3%
2.7%
90.0%
8.5%
0.5%
66.2%
98.4%
1.6%
GM
All
All
2018
1.6%
0.9%
95.2%
2.3%
88.8%
8.2%
2.1%
67.9%
97.0%
1.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
68.3%
31.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
62.0%
38.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
74.8%
25.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
68.2%
31.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
64.3%
35.7%
94.1%
5.9%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
63.4%
36.6%
94.8%
5.2%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
58.7%
41.3%
93.6%
6.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
56.5%
39.3%
4.2%
87.2%
12.8%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-16 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
32.6
25.9
30.4
27.7
334
287
320
2663
96.2
115
85
15.8
0.728
0.0311
43.6
3221
4196
28.3%
31.5%
40.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
32.9
26.0
30.9
28.0
335
282
318
2697
99.8
116
87
15.5
0.740
0.0316
44.6
3372
4455
54.4%
5.5%
40.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
32.8
25.9
31.1
28.0
336
282
318
2708
101.6
116
91
15.2
0.774
0.0329
44.6
3420
4544
35.6%
25.5%
38.9%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
32.3
25.2
30.5
27.3
346
288
325
2761
98.4
115
97
13.8
0.833
0.0345
44.7
3240
4397
81.9%
18.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
32.9
25.4
31.2
27.8
341
279
320
2831
98.7
115
107
13.4
0.916
0.0369
46.7
3320
4616
81.3%
1.0%
17.8%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
32.7
25.2
30.6
27.5
347
287
324
2786
96.3
111
105
13.5
0.932
0.0371
45.6
3192
4396
93.9%
0.9%
5.2%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
31.8
24.3
29.8
26.7
357
294
333
2836
96.3
115
110
12.7
0.952
0.0383
45.2
3113
4359
90.5%
1.2%
8.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
30.4
23.0
28.5
25.4
377
308
350
2961
97.1
122
121
11.6
0.994
0.0402
45.1
2993
4387
91.2%
0.5%
8.2%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
30.6
23.0
28.5
25.4
378
308
349
2921
97.3
120
120
11.6
0.999
0.0405
44.7
3023
4363
84.7%
15.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
28.9
21.5
27.2
24.0
401
321
371
3096
101.9
129
131
11.2
1.017
0.0415
44.6
2989
4558
60.7%
39.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
29.0
21.2
27.5
24.0
406
317
371
3142
104.7
132
138
10.2
1.039
0.0430
45.5
3091
4774
91.3%
8.7%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
29.1
21.1
27.6
24.0
409
318
371
3145
104.8
131
131
10.4
1.002
0.0412
45.6
3094
4792
94.2%
5.8%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
30.0
21.6
28.6
24.7
401
306
360
3177
105.9
135
139
10.8
1.030
0.0431
47.7
3222
5056
62.0%
38.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
29.5
21.1
27.9
24.2
411
314
368
3204
107.1
134
134
11.1
0.997
0.0414
47.3
3196
5066
96.0%
4.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
29.8
21.1
28.3
24.3
414
312
365
3232
106.2
137
142
10.8
1.030
0.0432
48.2
3190
5135
96.9%
3.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
30.2
21.2
28.6
24.6
410
306
361
3313
108.3
143
152
10.7
1.057
0.0456
50.3
3317
5449
93.1%
6.9%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
30.4
21.2
28.5
24.6
411
308
361
3304
107.8
142
153
10.6
1.070
0.0459
50.3
3310
5425
94.5%
5.5%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
30.5
21.1
28.8
24.7
412
305
360
3260
107.6
141
155
9.9
1.107
0.0475
49.9
3331
5382
95.3%
4.7%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
31.3
21.4
29.3
25.1
398
296
354
3242
106.9
141
156
9.8
1.106
0.0477
51.5
3441
5501
88.9%
11.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
30.7
20.9
28.8
24.6
411
303
361
3352
111.1
154
170
9.5
1.107
0.0503
52.1
3494
5794
89.3%
10.7%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
32.4
21.9
30.1
25.8
395
291
344
3200
111.0
140
159
9.4
1.142
0.0493
52.3
3668
5808
93.1%
0.8%
6.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
32.7
21.9
30.2
25.9
385
288
343
3295
111.8
143
162
9.4
1.131
0.0485
55.1
3808
6162
92.8%
0.7%
6.4%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
34.7
23.1
31.4
27.2
359
276
327
3223
110.6
137
153
9.4
1.114
0.0468
57.9
4050
6424
95.7%
0.8%
3.5%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
34.5
23.0
31.1
27.0
363
280
329
3236
108.7
138
158
9.5
1.128
0.0476
57.3
3935
6256
88.8%
3.6%
7.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
34.9
23.3
31.5
27.3
355
276
325
3362
109.8
145
169
9.3
1.138
0.0490
60.7
4052
6691
92.9%
1.5%
5.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
36.0
24.2
31.9
28.1
333
270
317
3322
44.2
108.9
141
164
9.3
1.125
0.0478
62.9
4242
6886
90.4%
2.4%
7.2%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
36.3
24.3
32.4
28.3
347
270
314
3315
44.4
109.8
134
154
9.5
1.141
0.0457
61.8
4145
6800
95.4%
2.1%
2.5%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
39.4
26.5
34.2
30.4
303
252
292
3335
44.0
109.3
131
152
9.5
1.141
0.0450
71.3
4707
7874
95.1%
1.6%
3.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
36.6
24.2
32.4
28.3
338
269
314
3470
45.4
112.2
145
171
9.0
1.159
0.0485
67.8
4410
7624
95.7%
1.5%
2.9%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
41.1
27.5
34.6
31.1
294
252
286
3389
45.0
112.9
137
156
9.2
1.120
0.0456
74.8
5013
8495
96.6%
1.0%
2.4%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
41.0
27.3
34.4
31.0
0
0
287
3405
44.9
111.3
139
162
9.1
1.146
0.0470
75.6
4976
8479
91.9%
2.0%
6.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
40.7
27.0
34.6
30.9
303
252
288
3415
45.6
113.7
141
165
8.9
1.155
0.0476
73.7
4947
8403
92.6%
2.0%
5.4%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
41.2
27.3
34.9
31.2
297
250
285
3407
45.5
112.9
139
163
9.0
1.154
0.0471
74.9
5014
8487
90.6%
2.5%
6.9%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
40.8
27.0
35.1
31.1
0
0
286
3365
45.5
112.9
136
163
9.0
1.186
0.0477
71.9
4879
8152
92.9%
1.9%
5.2%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
41.6
27.7
36.0
31.9
0
0
278
3368
45.5
113.4
135
160
9.1
1.170
0.0469
77.3
5217
8784
94.6%
1.5%
3.9%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
44.2
29.1
37.3
33.3
0
0
267
3413
45.8
111.6
137
173
8.6
1.234
0.0495
80.3
5311
9024
92.9%
2.5%
4.6%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1975
12.0
9.0
12.2
10.2
983
728
868
4000
257
110
0.428
0.0275
24.0
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1976
10.7
8.0
11.3
9.2
1111
790
966
4000
258
125
0.484
0.0313
21.5
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1977
13.7
10.7
13.1
11.7
808
656
762
4000
258
125
0.484
0.0313
28.2
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1978
13.0
9.8
13.1
11.1
883
671
803
4000
258
125
14.2
0.484
0.0313
26.4
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1979
13.8
11.0
12.8
11.7
807
697
757
4000
258
125
14.1
0.484
0.0313
27.6
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1980
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1981
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1982
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1983
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-17 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
56.7%
31.4%
11.9%
61.3%
38.7%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
47.7%
13.6%
38.7%
53.8%
44.4%
1.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
45.2%
10.0%
44.8%
48.0%
51.5%
0.5%
99.5%
0.5%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
41.2%
5.4%
53.4%
40.2%
59.6%
0.2%
14.8%
99.3%
0.7%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
37.9%
1.0%
61.1%
40.4%
59.6%
69.0%
99.8%
0.2%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
33.6%
0.1%
66.4%
48.2%
51.8%
89.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
28.9%
71.1%
45.0%
55.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
23.1%
76.9%
10.8%
89.2%
100.0%
5.7%
94.3%
5.7%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
27.0%
73.0%
100.0%
100.0%
5.6%
94.4%
5.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
21.6%
78.4%
100.0%
100.0%
7.7%
60.2%
39.8%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
19.0%
81.0%
100.0%
100.0%
8.3%
55.4%
44.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
17.2%
82.8%
100.0%
100.0%
5.4%
53.3%
46.7%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
10.9%
89.1%
100.0%
100.0%
6.0%
49.1%
43.3%
7.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
8.2%
91.8%
100.0%
100.0%
3.9%
43.4%
48.0%
8.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
100.0%
3.0%
43.6%
47.3%
9.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
4.0%
96.0%
100.0%
100.0%
6.8%
35.7%
55.1%
9.2%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
100.0%
10.5%
40.9%
52.4%
6.7%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%
100.0%
52.7%
43.2%
45.5%
11.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
6.4%
91.9%
1.8%
100.0%
100.0%
60.8%
1.8%
49.8%
38.0%
12.2%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
5.4%
92.2%
2.4%
100.0%
100.0%
87.8%
2.4%
34.4%
58.4%
7.2%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
6.0%
92.7%
1.3%
100.0%
100.0%
97.5%
1.3%
48.9%
42.8%
8.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
5.5%
89.7%
4.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
4.8%
46.4%
45.3%
8.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
7.7%
83.5%
8.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
8.9%
48.8%
44.8%
6.4%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
8.1%
84.7%
7.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
7.2%
60.1%
30.4%
9.5%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
5.1%
82.0%
12.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
13.1%
39.2%
56.3%
4.5%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
6.1%
76.0%
17.8%
0.8%
99.2%
100.0%
100.0%
18.1%
48.5%
46.0%
5.4%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
4.1%
85.2%
10.7%
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
100.0%
10.8%
50.0%
48.2%
1.8%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
2.5%
76.4%
21.0%
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
21.0%
51.0%
47.9%
1.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
1.5%
83.4%
15.1%
4.3%
95.7%
100.0%
100.0%
15.1%
31.7%
63.0%
5.3%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
1.2%
71.9%
26.8%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
100.0%
26.0%
35.6%
62.7%
1.7%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
2.7%
69.5%
27.8%
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
100.0%
27.5%
41.6%
58.4%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
1.5%
55.3%
43.2%
3.4%
96.6%
100.0%
100.0%
20.6%
14.5%
85.5%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
1.3%
50.5%
48.1%
3.6%
96.4%
100.0%
100.0%
22.2%
15.9%
84.1%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
1.3%
51.5%
47.2%
3.2%
96.7%
99.9%
99.9%
14.4%
13.4%
86.6%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
1.0%
51.5%
47.6%
3.8%
96.0%
99.8%
99.8%
15.3%
10.5%
89.5%
Toyota
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
0.8%
48.2%
51.0%
3.6%
96.3%
99.9%
99.9%
17.9%
16.6%
83.4%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1975
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1976
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1977
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1978
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1979
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1980
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1981
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1982
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1983
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-18 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1984
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1985
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1986
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1987
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1988
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1989
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1990
20.9
16.1
19.1
17.4
549
465
510
4000
173
143
12.3
0.828
0.0359
41.8
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1991
21.4
16.3
20.0
17.9
546
443
496
4000
178
147
12.1
0.830
0.0369
42.9
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1992
17.1
13.0
15.7
14.2
684
565
625
4000
180
150
11.7
0.833
0.0375
34.1
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1993
18.2
13.7
16.7
15.1
646
533
589
4000
180
150
10.9
0.833
0.0375
36.3
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1994
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1995
21.4
15.8
19.8
17.6
563
450
505
4000
180
150
11.1
0.833
0.0375
42.7
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1996
25.9
19.0
23.5
21.1
458
370
421
3333
164
151
10.5
0.933
0.0451
43.4
42.9%
57.1%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1997
27.9
20.4
25.0
22.6
434
354
393
3019
135
131
10.7
0.970
0.0433
42.2
58.2%
41.8%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1998
29.8
21.6
26.8
24.1
410
331
369
3053
124
126
11.5
1.019
0.0414
45.5
94.7%
5.3%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1999
27.5
19.7
24.9
22.2
445
354
401
3449
149
169
10.4
1.113
0.0480
47.2
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2000
26.4
18.8
24.0
21.3
466
367
417
3591
158
182
9.7
1.136
0.0498
47.3
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2001
27.1
19.1
24.4
21.7
458
360
409
3454
150
181
9.3
1.208
0.0519
46.6
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2002
27.7
19.4
24.8
22.1
452
354
403
3359
144
174
9.5
1.209
0.0514
46.4
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2003
28.4
19.8
25.3
22.5
444
348
395
3256
138
166
9.5
1.210
0.0508
46.1
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2004
27.2
18.8
24.4
21.6
468
362
412
3600
179
202
8.6
1.130
0.0560
48.8
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2005
27.8
19.1
24.7
22.0
460
357
405
3485
172
194
8.7
1.128
0.0555
48.3
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2006
29.0
19.8
25.9
22.9
446
341
389
3693
168
194
9.2
1.156
0.0521
53.7
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2007
27.8
19.1
24.8
22.0
463
354
405
3765
184
216
CO
CO
1.177
0.0569
52.6
85.9%
14.1%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2008
28.2
19.3
25.1
22.2
456
351
400
3759
45.1
181
217
CO
CO
1.197
0.0572
53.2
92.9%
7.1%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2009
29.2
19.7
26.4
23.0
447
334
386
3818
45.4
182
223
8.4
1.216
0.0580
55.9
99.5%
0.5%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2010
29.6
20.1
26.7
23.4
437
331
380
4025
46.8
184
227
8.5
1.224
0.0560
59.9
98.5%
1.5%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2011
30.0
20.3
26.8
23.5
435
331
378
3906
46.3
177
214
8.7
1.204
0.0546
58.7
99.1%
0.9%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2012
30.1
20.3
26.7
23.5
0
0
377
3900
46.1
177
216
8.7
1.212
0.0550
59.3
98.9%
1.1%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2013
31.3
21.1
27.5
24.3
0
0
365
3946
46.5
178
214
8.5
1.199
0.0539
62.5
99.6%
0.4%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2014
32.6
21.9
28.6
25.3
0
0
351
3776
45.9
169
200
8.6
1.184
0.0527
62.7
99.5%
0.5%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2015
31.8
21.5
27.9
24.7
408
316
359
3932
46.0
168
211
8.5
1.266
0.0533
62.7
93.9%
6.1%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2016
33.2
22.4
29.0
25.7
395
306
346
3863
45.6
158
206
8.6
1.321
0.0529
64.0
87.2%
12.8%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2017
33.1
22.4
29.5
25.9
396
300
342
3855
45.9
161
212
8.4
1.323
0.0544
63.7
97.5%
2.5%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2018
34.2
22.9
29.8
26.4
386
298
337
3693
45.3
158
188
8.9
1.180
0.0506
63.0
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1975
21.6
16.7
21.2
18.4
524
410
482
2746
124
89
0.731
0.0324
29.9
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1976
24.3
18.5
24.3
20.8
467
355
428
2761
118
86
0.736
0.0309
34.0
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1977
27.8
21.6
26.9
23.7
393
317
375
2668
113
81
0.735
0.0301
37.9
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1978
26.1
20.4
24.9
22.2
414
343
400
2658
116
84
14.4
0.734
0.0313
35.5
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1979
23.8
18.6
22.9
20.3
463
377
437
2712
114
82
16.0
0.728
0.0299
32.7
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1980
27.4
21.7
25.7
23.3
400
336
381
2620
115
78
16.3
0.682
0.0298
36.2
18.1%
81.9%
Toyota
Car
All
1981
30.9
24.6
28.7
26.3
354
301
338
2557
114
76
16.6
0.667
0.0294
39.8
20.4%
79.6%
Toyota
Car
All
1982
30.4
24.0
28.7
25.9
362
303
343
2575
118
81
17.2
0.682
0.0308
39.3
25.0%
75.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1983
32.6
25.9
30.4
27.7
334
287
320
2663
115
85
15.8
0.728
0.0311
43.6
28.3%
31.5%
40.3%
Toyota
Car
All
1984
32.9
26.0
30.9
28.0
335
282
318
2697
116
87
15.5
0.740
0.0316
44.6
54.4%
5.5%
40.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-19 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1984
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1985
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1986
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1987
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1988
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1989
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1990
19.4%
80.6%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1991
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1992
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1993
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1994
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1996
15.0%
85.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1997
38.8%
17.4%
43.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1998
20.9%
79.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
1999
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
100.0%
44.9%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2000
4.7%
95.3%
100.0%
100.0%
59.1%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2001
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2002
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2003
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2004
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2005
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2010
96.2%
3.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
3.8%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2011
98.0%
2.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2012
97.4%
2.6%
99.5%
99.5%
99.5%
2.1%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2013
96.6%
3.4%
99.6%
99.6%
99.6%
3.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2014
98.0%
2.0%
99.0%
99.0%
99.0%
1.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2015
98.0%
2.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2016
99.6%
0.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.4%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
Car SUV
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1975
69.0%
31.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1976
62.8%
37.2%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1977
75.6%
24.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1978
69.1%
30.9%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1979
64.6%
35.4%
94.2%
5.8%
Toyota
Car
All
1980
63.4%
36.6%
94.8%
5.2%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1981
58.7%
41.3%
93.6%
6.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1982
56.5%
39.3%
4.2%
87.2%
12.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1983
56.7%
31.4%
11.9%
61.3%
38.7%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1984
47.7%
13.6%
38.7%
53.8%
44.4%
1.8%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-20 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Toyota
Car
All
1985
32.8
25.9
31.1
28.0
336
282
318
2708
116
91
15.2
0.774
0.0329
44.6
35.6%
25.5%
38.9%
Toyota
Car
All
1986
32.3
25.2
30.5
27.3
346
288
325
2761
115
97
13.8
0.833
0.0345
44.7
81.9%
18.1%
Toyota
Car
All
1987
32.9
25.4
31.2
27.8
341
279
320
2831
115
107
13.4
0.916
0.0369
46.7
81.3%
1.0%
17.8%
Toyota
Car
All
1988
32.7
25.2
30.6
27.5
347
287
324
2786
111
105
13.5
0.932
0.0371
45.6
93.9%
0.9%
5.2%
Toyota
Car
All
1989
31.8
24.3
29.8
26.7
357
294
333
2836
115
110
12.7
0.952
0.0383
45.2
90.5%
1.2%
8.3%
Toyota
Car
All
1990
30.3
23.0
28.4
25.3
378
308
351
2970
122
122
11.6
0.992
0.0401
45.1
90.5%
0.5%
9.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1991
30.5
23.0
28.5
25.4
379
308
350
2928
121
121
11.6
0.998
0.0404
44.7
84.1%
15.9%
Toyota
Car
All
1992
28.8
21.4
27.1
23.9
402
322
372
3101
129
131
11.2
1.016
0.0415
44.5
60.3%
39.7%
Toyota
Car
All
1993
28.8
21.1
27.4
23.8
407
318
373
3150
132
138
10.2
1.037
0.0429
45.4
90.4%
9.6%
Toyota
Car
All
1994
29.1
21.1
27.6
24.0
409
318
371
3145
131
131
10.4
1.002
0.0412
45.6
94.2%
5.8%
Toyota
Car
All
1995
29.5
21.3
28.1
24.3
406
310
366
3210
137
139
10.8
1.022
0.0429
47.5
59.5%
40.5%
Toyota
Car
All
1996
29.3
21.0
27.7
24.0
413
317
370
3211
136
135
11.1
0.994
0.0416
47.1
93.3%
6.7%
Toyota
Car
All
1997
29.5
21.0
27.8
24.1
416
317
369
3203
136
140
10.8
1.022
0.0432
47.4
91.7%
8.3%
Toyota
Car
All
1998
30.2
21.2
28.6
24.6
410
307
362
3304
142
151
10.7
1.056
0.0454
50.1
93.2%
6.8%
Toyota
Car
All
1999
30.2
21.1
28.3
24.5
413
310
363
3311
142
154
10.6
1.072
0.0460
50.2
94.8%
5.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2000
30.3
21.0
28.5
24.5
415
307
363
3277
141
157
9.8
1.108
0.0476
49.8
95.6%
4.4%
Toyota
Car
All
2001
30.9
21.2
28.9
24.8
402
300
358
3258
141
158
9.8
1.114
0.0480
51.1
89.8%
10.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2002
30.4
20.7
28.4
24.4
414
307
365
3352
153
171
9.5
1.115
0.0504
51.7
90.2%
9.8%
Toyota
Car
All
2003
32.2
21.8
29.8
25.6
397
293
347
3202
140
159
9.4
1.145
0.0494
52.0
93.4%
0.8%
5.8%
Toyota
Car
All
2004
32.1
21.6
29.6
25.4
391
293
349
3323
147
166
9.3
1.131
0.0492
54.5
93.5%
0.7%
5.8%
Toyota
Car
All
2005
34.2
22.8
31.0
26.9
363
279
331
3238
139
156
9.4
1.115
0.0473
57.4
95.9%
0.7%
3.4%
Toyota
Car
All
2006
34.1
22.8
30.8
26.8
367
282
332
3260
140
160
9.5
1.129
0.0479
57.1
89.3%
3.4%
7.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2007
34.3
22.9
30.9
26.9
360
280
330
3389
148
173
9.2
1.141
0.0496
60.2
92.4%
1.4%
6.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2008
35.2
23.7
31.2
27.4
342
276
324
3360
44.3
145
169
9.3
1.132
0.0486
62.0
90.6%
2.2%
7.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2009
35.6
23.8
31.8
27.8
354
275
320
3357
44.5
138
160
9.4
1.147
0.0467
61.3
95.8%
1.9%
2.3%
Toyota
Car
All
2010
38.1
25.6
33.3
29.5
313
258
302
3406
44.3
137
160
9.4
1.149
0.0462
70.1
95.4%
1.4%
3.1%
Toyota
Car
All
2011
35.9
23.7
31.7
27.7
346
274
321
3513
45.5
148
175
9.0
1.164
0.0491
66.9
96.0%
1.3%
2.7%
Toyota
Car
All
2012
40.1
26.8
33.8
30.4
0
0
292
3427
45.0
140
161
9.2
1.127
0.0463
73.7
96.8%
0.9%
2.3%
Toyota
Car
All
2013
39.5
26.4
33.4
30.0
0
0
296
3471
45.1
144
169
9.0
1.152
0.0479
74.0
92.8%
1.8%
5.4%
Toyota
Car
All
2014
39.9
26.5
34.0
30.3
0
0
293
3445
45.6
143
168
8.9
1.157
0.0480
72.8
93.2%
1.9%
5.0%
Toyota
Car
All
2015
39.2
26.1
33.4
29.8
312
259
298
3497
45.6
144
171
8.9
1.174
0.0482
72.8
91.1%
3.1%
5.7%
Toyota
Car
All
2016
39.5
26.2
34.0
30.2
0
0
295
3437
45.5
139
169
9.0
1.206
0.0484
70.8
92.1%
3.5%
4.4%
Toyota
Car
All
2017
39.6
26.5
34.5
30.6
0
0
291
3462
45.6
140
170
8.9
1.200
0.0483
74.7
95.1%
1.7%
3.1%
Toyota
Car
All
2018
42.6
28.1
36.2
32.2
0
0
276
3449
45.7
139
175
8.7
1.227
0.0497
78.1
93.8%
2.2%
4.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1975
20.5
16.2
19.3
17.5
548
461
509
3500
133
96
0.722
0.0274
35.9
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1976
Toyota
Truck
Van
1977
Toyota
Truck
Van
1978
Toyota
Truck
Van
1979
Toyota
Truck
Van
1980
Toyota
Truck
Van
1981
Toyota
Truck
Van
1982
Toyota
Truck
Van
1983
Toyota
Truck
Van
1984
27.0
22.1
24.0
22.9
402
370
387
3396
122
90
17.9
0.738
0.0266
45.9
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1985
26.6
21.7
23.9
22.6
410
372
393
3274
122
90
17.3
0.738
0.0276
43.6
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-21 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Toyota
Car
All
1985
45.2%
10.0%
44.8%
48.0%
51.5%
0.5%
99.5%
0.5%
Toyota
Car
All
1986
41.2%
5.4%
53.4%
40.2%
59.6%
0.2%
14.8%
99.3%
0.7%
Toyota
Car
All
1987
37.9%
1.0%
61.1%
40.4%
59.6%
69.0%
99.8%
0.2%
Toyota
Car
All
1988
33.6%
0.1%
66.4%
48.2%
51.8%
89.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1989
28.9%
71.1%
45.0%
55.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Car
All
1990
22.9%
0.2%
76.9%
10.8%
89.2%
99.2%
5.6%
Toyota
Car
All
1991
26.8%
0.0%
73.2%
100.0%
99.3%
5.6%
Toyota
Car
All
1992
21.5%
78.5%
100.0%
99.4%
7.6%
Toyota
Car
All
1993
18.8%
81.2%
100.0%
99.1%
8.2%
Toyota
Car
All
1994
17.2%
82.8%
100.0%
100.0%
5.4%
53.3%
46.7%
Toyota
Car
All
1995
10.5%
89.5%
100.0%
100.0%
5.8%
Toyota
Car
All
1996
8.6%
91.4%
100.0%
100.0%
3.7%
Toyota
Car
All
1997
10.1%
2.3%
87.5%
100.0%
100.0%
2.6%
Toyota
Car
All
1998
4.6%
95.4%
100.0%
100.0%
6.6%
Toyota
Car
All
1999
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
100.0%
12.3%
Toyota
Car
All
2000
7.5%
92.5%
100.0%
100.0%
53.1%
Toyota
Car
All
2001
6.3%
92.1%
1.6%
100.0%
100.0%
63.8%
1.6%
Toyota
Car
All
2002
5.3%
92.5%
2.2%
100.0%
100.0%
88.8%
2.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2003
6.0%
92.8%
1.2%
100.0%
100.0%
97.6%
1.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2004
5.2%
90.4%
4.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
4.4%
Toyota
Car
All
2005
7.4%
84.2%
8.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
CO
Toyota
Car
All
2006
7.7%
85.5%
6.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
6.9%
Toyota
Car
All
2007
4.7%
83.2%
12.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
12.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2008
5.6%
78.1%
16.3%
0.7%
99.3%
100.0%
100.0%
16.5%
Toyota
Car
All
2009
3.8%
86.4%
9.8%
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
100.0%
9.9%
Toyota
Car
All
2010
2.3%
78.5%
19.2%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
100.0%
19.2%
Toyota
Car
All
2011
1.3%
84.8%
13.8%
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
100.0%
13.8%
Toyota
Car
All
2012
1.2%
73.8%
25.1%
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
100.0%
24.3%
Toyota
Car
All
2013
2.4%
72.8%
24.8%
0.9%
99.1%
99.9%
99.9%
24.5%
Toyota
Car
All
2014
1.3%
58.9%
39.8%
3.1%
96.8%
99.9%
99.9%
19.0%
Toyota
Car
All
2015
1.1%
58.7%
40.2%
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
18.7%
Toyota
Car
All
2016
1.1%
58.4%
40.4%
2.8%
97.2%
99.9%
99.9%
12.4%
Toyota
Car
All
2017
0.8%
60.8%
38.4%
3.1%
96.7%
99.8%
99.8%
12.4%
Toyota
Car
All
2018
0.7%
54.8%
44.5%
3.1%
96.8%
99.9%
99.9%
15.6%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1975
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1976
Toyota
Truck
Van
1977
Toyota
Truck
Van
1978
Toyota
Truck
Van
1979
Toyota
Truck
Van
1980
Toyota
Truck
Van
1981
Toyota
Truck
Van
1982
Toyota
Truck
Van
1983
Toyota
Truck
Van
1984
26.6%
73.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1985
28.1%
71.9%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-22 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Toyota
Truck
Van
1986
26.3
21.4
23.4
22.2
416
380
400
3435
137
101
15.7
0.737
0.0295
45.2
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1987
25.5
20.6
22.5
21.5
430
395
414
3285
137
101
15.6
0.737
0.0310
41.8
16.2%
83.8%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1988
25.8
20.7
22.7
21.6
428
391
411
3515
137
101
16.5
0.737
0.0288
45.4
12.9%
87.1%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1989
25.9
20.7
22.6
21.6
430
392
412
3552
137
101
16.1
0.737
0.0285
45.9
14.7%
85.3%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1990
Toyota
Truck
Van
1991
22.9
17.3
21.5
19.1
515
414
466
4000
149
138
13.2
0.926
0.0345
45.7
14.8%
85.2%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1992
22.3
16.7
21.0
18.6
533
424
479
4000
149
138
12.9
0.926
0.0345
44.6
15.6%
84.4%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1993
21.9
16.5
20.0
18.1
538
444
491
4000
148
138
12.1
0.931
0.0345
43.8
11.3%
88.7%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1994
22.0
16.3
20.6
18.2
545
432
488
4025
149
141
11.9
0.945
0.0350
44.3
17.3%
82.7%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1995
22.6
16.7
20.8
18.6
532
427
478
4104
149
158
11.6
1.059
0.0385
46.3
23.2%
76.8%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1996
22.4
16.5
20.5
18.4
538
432
483
4065
149
161
11.3
1.081
0.0397
45.5
13.1%
86.9%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1997
22.3
16.3
20.3
18.2
544
438
489
4137
149
161
11.4
1.081
0.0390
46.0
27.4%
72.6%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1998
24.2
17.0
23.2
19.8
521
382
448
4000
183
194
9.9
1.060
0.0485
48.4
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1999
24.1
16.9
23.0
19.7
526
387
451
4000
183
190
10.5
1.038
0.0475
48.2
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2000
24.1
16.8
22.9
19.6
529
388
453
4000
183
190
10.0
1.038
0.0475
48.2
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2001
24.7
17.3
22.9
20.0
513
388
445
4000
183
210
9.2
1.148
0.0525
49.5
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2002
24.7
17.2
22.8
19.9
517
389
446
4000
183
210
9.4
1.148
0.0525
49.5
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2003
24.7
17.1
22.8
19.9
520
391
448
4000
183
210
9.3
1.148
0.0525
49.5
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2004
25.4
17.1
24.3
20.5
520
365
433
4500
202
230
9.1
1.139
0.0511
57.3
88.2%
11.8%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2005
24.7
16.5
23.6
19.9
540
376
447
4500
202
230
9.0
1.139
0.0511
55.6
86.0%
14.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2006
24.8
16.5
23.7
20.0
538
375
445
4500
202
215
9.5
1.064
0.0478
55.8
89.2%
10.8%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2007
26.1
17.7
24.1
20.8
502
368
427
4500
211
266
8.4
1.261
0.0591
58.9
91.7%
8.3%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2008
26.1
17.6
24.0
20.8
503
369
428
4500
54.9
211
266
8.4
1.261
0.0591
58.8
89.9%
10.1%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2009
26.1
17.7
24.1
20.8
503
369
427
4500
54.9
211
266
8.2
1.261
0.0591
58.9
91.3%
8.7%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2010
26.1
17.6
24.0
20.8
504
369
428
4500
54.9
211
266
8.3
1.261
0.0591
58.7
89.6%
10.4%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2011
26.3
17.8
23.8
20.8
498
373
427
4552
56.1
209
263
8.2
1.256
0.0578
59.8
86.0%
14.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2012
26.6
17.9
24.4
21.1
496
364
421
4553
56.1
208
261
8.3
1.254
0.0574
60.7
84.9%
15.1%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2013
26.4
17.8
24.4
21.1
498
364
422
4577
56.1
211
270
8.1
1.280
0.0591
60.5
84.7%
15.3%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2014
26.5
17.8
24.4
21.1
498
363
422
4575
56.1
211
266
8.2
1.261
0.0582
60.5
84.9%
15.1%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2015
26.4
17.8
24.4
21.0
500
364
423
4581
56.0
211
266
8.2
1.261
0.0582
60.4
83.7%
16.3%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2016
26.3
17.7
24.4
21.0
500
365
423
4586
56.0
211
266
8.2
1.261
0.0581
60.4
82.8%
17.2%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2017
27.9
18.5
26.3
22.3
479
338
399
4844
56.0
211
295
7.5
1.399
0.0610
67.5
77.9%
22.1%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2018
27.9
18.6
26.1
22.2
478
340
400
4852
56.0
211
296
7.5
1.404
0.0611
67.8
79.0%
21.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
11.6
8.7
12.1
10.0
1012
733
893
4500
258
125
0.484
0.0278
26.4
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
12.7
10.0
11.9
10.8
864
725
824
4500
258
125
0.484
0.0278
29.3
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
11.5
8.9
11.3
9.8
974
779
904
4500
258
125
15.5
0.484
0.0278
26.5
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
13.3
10.4
12.7
11.3
852
701
784
4500
258
125
15.1
0.484
0.0278
29.9
14.5%
85.5%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
13.8
11.0
12.8
11.7
806
696
757
4001
258
125
14.7
0.484
0.0312
27.6
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
14.3
11.3
13.4
12.2
786
662
731
4239
258
125
15.1
0.484
0.0296
30.3
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
14.2
11.2
13.4
12.1
790
665
734
4342
258
125
16.4
0.484
0.0289
30.9
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
14.1
11.2
13.3
12.0
795
669
738
4463
258
125
15.2
0.484
0.0280
31.6
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
17.3
13.6
16.3
14.7
612
517
604
3939
194
109
15.6
0.587
0.0276
35.1
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
21.1
16.8
19.7
18.0
492
423
494
3727
170
118
14.3
0.733
0.0319
41.2
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
23.3
18.6
21.3
19.8
468
408
450
4029
151
117
14.6
0.793
0.0292
47.8
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-23 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Toyota
Truck
Van
1986
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1987
15.6%
84.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1988
14.5%
85.5%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1989
7.8%
92.2%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1990
Toyota
Truck
Van
1991
3.6%
96.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1992
4.2%
95.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1993
4.1%
95.9%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1994
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Van
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
87.2%
12.8%
22.7%
77.3%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
70.8%
29.2%
6.0%
94.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-24 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
22.7
18.0
20.6
19.1
474
417
464
3730
157
118
14.0
0.775
0.0318
43.4
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
20.3
15.9
18.6
17.1
544
465
521
4018
175
134
13.7
0.777
0.0334
41.4
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
19.7
15.3
18.1
16.5
566
480
537
4103
180
140
13.2
0.785
0.0340
41.1
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
19.4
14.8
18.2
16.3
598
486
547
4301
178
147
12.3
0.825
0.0342
41.8
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
18.2
13.8
17.1
15.2
632
513
583
4537
191
149
12.7
0.790
0.0329
41.7
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
17.0
13.0
15.6
14.2
675
564
627
4573
179
150
12.5
0.837
0.0327
39.2
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
17.2
13.1
15.7
14.3
673
563
622
4582
198
161
11.2
0.820
0.0350
39.6
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
17.4
13.1
15.8
14.4
672
559
619
4484
196
161
11.1
0.822
0.0357
39.0
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
17.5
13.2
15.8
14.4
670
559
615
4544
190
156
11.6
0.825
0.0342
39.9
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
21.4
16.1
19.0
17.5
536
451
509
3929
196
171
10.7
0.895
0.0433
42.0
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
20.7
15.3
18.5
16.8
575
475
527
4002
204
182
10.1
0.897
0.0455
41.3
76.5%
23.5%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
22.1
16.3
19.6
17.9
536
445
497
3999
190
176
10.9
0.939
0.0440
44.2
69.1%
30.9%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
22.0
16.0
19.6
17.8
546
445
500
4238
195
192
10.6
0.999
0.0456
46.5
78.1%
21.9%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
21.7
15.7
19.3
17.5
556
453
508
4296
200
192
10.2
0.976
0.0452
46.4
75.7%
24.3%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
21.7
15.6
19.5
17.5
557
445
508
4368
199
203
9.8
1.053
0.0470
47.4
10.8%
71.6%
17.5%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
21.7
15.5
19.4
17.4
561
447
510
4399
205
206
9.8
1.040
0.0472
47.8
16.0%
62.9%
21.2%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
21.7
15.3
19.5
17.4
567
446
510
4447
223
219
9.4
1.022
0.0496
48.4
18.2%
61.8%
20.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
22.2
15.5
19.9
17.7
563
437
502
4536
228
225
9.2
1.013
0.0500
50.5
13.5%
70.1%
16.3%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
22.8
15.8
20.3
18.1
553
430
491
4510
223
233
8.9
1.058
0.0516
51.5
16.5%
67.5%
16.1%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
24.4
17.2
21.1
19.2
490
412
463
4533
220
224
CO
CO
1.034
0.0494
57.0
16.4%
69.6%
14.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
24.2
16.9
21.2
19.1
510
411
465
4461
219
230
9.0
1.063
0.0515
54.8
9.4%
79.9%
10.8%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
24.7
17.1
21.9
19.5
502
400
455
4637
47.9
226
256
8.5
1.147
0.0551
58.1
12.3%
79.7%
8.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
26.5
18.1
23.8
21.0
480
368
424
4409
46.9
204
244
8.6
1.205
0.0553
59.0
11.8%
86.5%
1.7%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
26.6
18.2
23.9
21.0
475
367
422
4544
47.7
211
253
8.5
1.203
0.0556
61.1
9.1%
86.2%
4.7%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
26.4
18.0
23.6
20.8
482
371
426
4531
47.5
210
250
8.7
1.196
0.0550
60.2
9.4%
84.5%
6.2%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
26.5
18.1
23.6
20.9
481
371
426
4477
47.6
206
248
8.7
1.208
0.0552
59.8
13.7%
81.8%
4.5%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
26.8
18.3
23.9
21.1
471
366
420
4506
47.7
205
245
8.6
1.199
0.0539
61.3
12.9%
82.8%
4.2%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
26.8
18.4
23.8
21.1
471
365
420
4558
47.6
209
245
8.7
1.175
0.0531
61.7
8.3%
85.5%
6.2%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
27.7
18.9
24.6
21.8
459
356
408
4470
47.4
199
240
8.6
1.211
0.0534
62.5
11.1%
84.6%
4.3%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
27.5
18.9
24.2
21.6
451
360
412
4572
47.8
208
247
8.4
1.192
0.0536
64.0
10.7%
82.8%
6.6%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
29.7
20.4
25.6
23.1
417
339
385
4540
47.4
197
241
8.3
1.227
0.0525
68.8
9.3%
88.0%
2.7%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
29.4
20.2
25.0
22.7
422
347
392
4524
47.1
194
236
8.5
1.222
0.0516
67.9
11.0%
85.9%
3.1%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1975
21.3
16.5
20.7
18.2
537
429
489
2750
133
96
0.722
0.0349
29.3
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1976
22.1
16.6
22.6
18.9
533
392
471
2819
133
94
0.703
0.0333
31.1
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1977
27.2
21.3
25.9
23.1
416
341
384
2780
134
94
0.700
0.0338
37.8
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1978
24.6
19.6
22.7
20.9
451
388
425
2866
134
93
13.8
0.695
0.0326
35.3
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1979
19.5
15.2
18.9
16.6
586
468
534
2814
134
90
15.1
0.674
0.0321
27.5
7.0%
93.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1980
21.5
17.1
20.1
18.3
519
435
485
2865
134
93
15.3
0.697
0.0327
30.9
32.8%
67.2%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1981
26.5
21.2
24.5
22.5
422
365
400
2888
143
94
15.3
0.657
0.0327
38.7
33.4%
66.6%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1982
25.6
20.5
23.6
21.8
435
377
413
3013
143
95
16.6
0.661
0.0317
39.0
38.1%
61.9%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1983
25.5
20.6
23.1
21.7
428
383
412
3033
144
97
14.8
0.677
0.0325
38.8
38.8%
61.2%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1984
25.1
20.3
22.9
21.4
436
386
417
3036
144
99
14.6
0.686
0.0330
38.3
34.8%
65.2%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1985
27.0
21.7
24.8
23.0
405
351
387
3107
144
107
13.9
0.740
0.0346
42.2
35.4%
64.6%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1986
26.4
21.1
24.0
22.4
414
359
397
3129
144
107
13.4
0.743
0.0346
41.6
37.2%
62.8%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1987
26.6
21.1
24.2
22.4
416
357
396
3114
144
105
13.7
0.732
0.0343
41.6
38.5%
61.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-25 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
80.3%
19.7%
11.2%
88.8%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
58.2%
41.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
50.7%
49.3%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
38.2%
61.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
33.0%
67.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
31.2%
68.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
31.6%
68.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
22.4%
77.6%
100.0%
97.6%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
26.6%
73.4%
100.0%
97.3%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
18.4%
81.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
26.1%
73.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
12.1%
87.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
100.0%
26.3%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
5.0%
95.0%
100.0%
100.0%
23.3%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
1.9%
98.1%
100.0%
100.0%
51.9%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
1.3%
98.7%
100.0%
100.0%
52.5%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
100.0%
60.7%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
100.0%
68.2%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
100.0%
92.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
82.6%
17.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
17.4%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
2.5%
89.8%
7.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
7.7%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
0.6%
89.6%
9.8%
100.0%
100.0%
88.5%
9.8%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
0.1%
95.3%
4.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
4.6%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
0.2%
93.6%
6.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
6.2%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
0.1%
97.0%
2.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.8%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
0.2%
96.7%
3.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
3.1%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
0.1%
96.2%
3.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
3.7%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
0.3%
98.4%
1.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.3%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
97.5%
2.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.5%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
92.0%
8.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
8.0%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
88.3%
11.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
11.7%
Toyota
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
89.4%
10.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
10.6%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1975
69.0%
31.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1976
75.4%
24.6%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1977
90.4%
9.6%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1978
92.6%
7.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1979
93.6%
6.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1980
95.9%
4.1%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1981
94.3%
5.7%
87.5%
12.5%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1982
92.7%
7.3%
88.6%
11.4%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1983
93.9%
6.1%
96.3%
3.7%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1984
87.9%
12.1%
89.3%
8.8%
1.9%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1985
83.3%
13.7%
3.0%
70.6%
28.3%
1.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1986
81.2%
13.9%
5.0%
73.9%
26.1%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1987
82.2%
14.7%
3.1%
83.9%
16.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-26 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1988
25.1
19.8
22.7
21.1
444
386
421
3181
147
113
13.4
0.767
0.0357
40.1
44.6%
55.4%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1989
23.5
18.5
21.1
19.7
468
406
452
3377
154
123
12.6
0.793
0.0366
40.0
44.5%
55.5%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1990
23.1
18.0
20.9
19.3
478
409
460
3396
156
125
11.8
0.794
0.0369
39.6
42.3%
57.7%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1991
23.8
18.3
21.5
19.7
473
401
450
3413
154
124
11.9
0.801
0.0364
40.8
44.9%
55.1%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1992
23.7
18.1
21.4
19.6
475
400
453
3366
154
122
11.6
0.792
0.0365
40.3
43.6%
56.4%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1993
23.8
17.9
21.7
19.6
480
395
452
3394
155
124
10.9
0.795
0.0365
40.8
41.3%
58.7%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1994
24.3
18.2
22.0
20.0
476
393
445
3382
152
121
10.9
0.791
0.0359
41.4
44.2%
55.8%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1995
23.3
17.5
20.9
19.1
500
417
466
3533
171
140
10.7
0.828
0.0400
41.2
52.4%
47.6%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1996
23.6
17.6
21.0
19.2
499
416
462
3508
174
161
10.0
0.929
0.0461
41.3
48.2%
51.8%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1997
20.4
15.3
18.0
16.6
578
490
535
4086
203
187
10.0
0.922
0.0458
41.7
54.7%
45.3%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1998
23.7
17.5
21.1
19.2
502
415
462
3432
170
158
10.3
0.933
0.0461
40.8
48.2%
51.8%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1999
23.2
17.0
20.5
18.7
516
429
474
3549
175
162
10.4
0.929
0.0457
41.2
47.0%
53.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2000
20.8
15.2
18.4
16.8
576
477
530
4110
219
197
9.6
0.905
0.0476
42.5
49.6%
50.4%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2001
21.2
15.4
18.6
17.0
565
473
522
4046
210
191
9.6
0.913
0.0469
42.9
42.8%
57.2%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2002
20.9
15.1
18.3
16.7
578
478
531
4140
218
193
9.8
0.897
0.0465
43.3
40.5%
59.5%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2003
21.0
15.0
18.6
16.8
583
472
529
4148
219
194
9.7
0.898
0.0467
43.6
39.2%
60.8%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2004
20.6
14.6
18.2
16.5
596
480
540
4296
221
196
9.8
0.898
0.0456
44.2
42.0%
58.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2005
21.6
15.2
19.0
17.2
580
459
518
4476
246
247
8.4
1.003
0.0551
48.3
42.1%
57.9%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2006
21.7
15.2
19.1
17.2
578
457
516
4485
245
237
8.7
0.967
0.0528
48.6
39.5%
60.5%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2007
21.3
14.8
19.2
17.0
589
457
522
4929
274
283
8.3
1.020
0.0567
52.2
44.4%
55.6%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2008
21.1
14.6
19.0
16.9
595
460
527
4978
62.4
277
289
8.3
1.028
0.0571
52.2
48.9%
51.1%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2009
23.5
16.3
21.0
18.7
539
417
476
4360
56.5
229
228
8.9
0.988
0.0516
51.2
50.8%
49.2%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2010
21.6
14.9
19.6
17.3
587
448
515
5030
62.8
274
288
8.3
1.039
0.0564
54.0
55.6%
44.4%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2011
21.9
15.2
19.9
17.6
575
441
506
4917
61.7
265
277
8.5
1.031
0.0553
53.7
58.9%
41.1%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2012
22.1
15.3
19.8
17.6
570
443
505
4946
61.4
266
278
8.5
1.032
0.0552
54.4
59.4%
40.6%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2013
22.7
15.8
20.3
18.0
554
434
493
4768
60.0
254
262
8.7
1.019
0.0540
53.9
55.8%
44.2%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2014
21.7
15.1
19.5
17.3
577
450
512
5036
62.0
275
289
8.4
1.038
0.0562
54.5
60.7%
39.3%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2015
22.2
15.5
19.8
17.7
565
443
503
4842
60.8
263
271
8.5
1.020
0.0550
53.6
59.9%
40.1%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2016
22.9
15.9
20.2
18.1
544
431
491
5053
61.6
257
304
7.9
1.196
0.0597
58.0
64.9%
35.1%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2017
23.6
16.4
20.8
18.7
529
419
476
4910
60.5
244
294
8.0
1.217
0.0595
58.1
68.5%
31.5%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2018
23.0
16.1
20.3
18.3
537
430
486
4973
61.1
251
299
7.9
1.205
0.0596
57.4
70.7%
29.3%
Toyota
Truck
All
1975
21.3
16.5
20.7
18.1
537
430
490
2765
133
96
0.722
0.0348
29.4
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1976
21.5
16.2
22.0
18.3
542
398
485
2874
137
95
0.696
0.0332
31.0
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1977
26.8
21.0
25.5
22.8
419
344
390
2804
136
94
0.697
0.0337
37.7
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1978
23.8
18.9
22.0
20.2
458
394
439
2915
138
94
13.8
0.689
0.0325
35.1
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1979
19.5
15.1
18.9
16.6
586
469
535
2820
134
90
15.1
0.673
0.0321
27.5
7.0%
93.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1980
21.4
16.9
20.0
18.2
521
437
489
2880
136
94
15.3
0.694
0.0327
30.9
33.7%
66.3%
Toyota
Truck
All
1981
26.2
20.9
24.2
22.3
425
367
404
2906
144
94
15.3
0.655
0.0327
38.6
34.3%
65.7%
Toyota
Truck
All
1982
25.2
20.1
23.2
21.4
439
380
420
3042
145
95
16.6
0.657
0.0317
38.8
39.5%
60.5%
Toyota
Truck
All
1983
25.0
20.2
22.7
21.2
433
387
420
3069
147
98
14.9
0.672
0.0323
38.7
40.4%
59.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
1984
24.9
20.1
22.6
21.2
435
387
420
3133
143
98
15.2
0.690
0.0317
39.4
32.0%
68.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1985
26.5
21.2
24.2
22.5
411
359
396
3175
143
105
14.5
0.739
0.0334
42.4
34.6%
65.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
1986
26.1
20.9
23.7
22.1
419
365
402
3248
144
107
13.8
0.747
0.0334
42.6
37.9%
62.1%
Toyota
Truck
All
1987
25.9
20.6
23.5
21.9
424
368
407
3208
145
106
13.9
0.738
0.0336
41.8
43.0%
57.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1988
24.4
19.3
22.1
20.5
454
395
434
3303
150
115
13.5
0.767
0.0351
40.5
50.2%
49.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-27 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1988
84.8%
12.2%
3.0%
40.7%
59.3%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1989
79.7%
9.2%
11.1%
21.3%
78.7%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1990
79.4%
7.6%
12.9%
21.1%
78.9%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1991
80.4%
9.4%
10.1%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1992
81.8%
8.7%
9.5%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1993
80.6%
7.5%
11.9%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1994
81.6%
10.2%
8.2%
100.0%
23.7%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1995
61.9%
12.6%
25.5%
100.0%
78.1%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1996
57.4%
15.6%
27.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1997
26.4%
73.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1998
54.9%
20.3%
24.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
1999
45.9%
14.2%
39.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2000
23.9%
7.8%
68.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2001
21.2%
8.4%
70.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2002
17.3%
7.5%
75.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2003
17.0%
8.1%
74.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2004
15.9%
8.8%
75.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2005
15.7%
84.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2006
12.5%
87.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2007
9.0%
91.0%
100.0%
100.0%
71.7%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2008
8.9%
91.1%
100.0%
100.0%
64.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2009
19.2%
80.8%
100.0%
100.0%
41.9%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2010
8.5%
91.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2011
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2012
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2013
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2014
4.0%
96.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2015
3.8%
96.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2016
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2017
3.6%
96.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
Pickup
2018
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1975
67.6%
32.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1976
76.2%
23.8%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1977
90.5%
9.5%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1978
92.8%
7.2%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1979
93.6%
6.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1980
95.9%
4.1%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1981
94.4%
5.6%
87.7%
12.3%
Toyota
Truck
All
1982
92.9%
7.1%
88.9%
11.1%
Toyota
Truck
All
1983
94.0%
6.0%
96.4%
3.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
1984
78.5%
9.6%
11.9%
75.3%
23.2%
1.5%
Toyota
Truck
All
1985
75.2%
10.7%
14.1%
56.7%
42.5%
0.8%
Toyota
Truck
All
1986
71.9%
10.9%
17.2%
58.4%
41.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
1987
73.7%
11.1%
15.2%
64.8%
35.2%
Toyota
Truck
All
1988
78.2%
10.1%
11.7%
33.6%
66.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-28 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Toyota
Truck
All
1989
23.2
18.2
20.8
19.4
474
411
458
3457
156
123
12.8
0.790
0.0360
40.4
48.4%
51.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
1990
21.9
16.9
20.0
18.3
509
429
486
3666
163
131
11.9
0.804
0.0361
40.3
59.5%
40.5%
Toyota
Truck
All
1991
22.4
17.1
20.6
18.6
505
420
477
3756
159
132
12.4
0.831
0.0353
42.2
46.4%
53.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
1992
22.0
16.8
20.1
18.3
510
425
487
3679
157
129
12.0
0.823
0.0355
40.8
48.3%
51.7%
Toyota
Truck
All
1993
22.3
16.8
20.3
18.4
508
420
483
3648
161
131
11.1
0.816
0.0360
41.0
46.3%
53.7%
Toyota
Truck
All
1994
22.0
16.5
20.0
18.1
517
426
490
3686
163
132
11.0
0.806
0.0358
40.9
56.7%
43.3%
Toyota
Truck
All
1995
21.2
15.9
19.1
17.4
544
452
511
3881
175
146
11.1
0.846
0.0382
41.3
64.3%
35.7%
Toyota
Truck
All
1996
22.8
17.0
20.3
18.6
512
427
478
3663
180
165
10.2
0.922
0.0450
41.7
64.1%
35.9%
Toyota
Truck
All
1997
20.7
15.4
18.5
16.8
574
476
528
4015
203
182
10.1
0.904
0.0454
41.5
72.8%
27.2%
Toyota
Truck
All
1998
23.1
16.9
20.8
18.8
518
420
474
3758
180
172
10.5
0.958
0.0457
43.5
17.2%
48.3%
34.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
1999
22.6
16.5
20.3
18.3
533
430
485
3973
186
182
10.5
0.981
0.0459
44.9
13.9%
56.7%
29.3%
Toyota
Truck
All
2000
21.7
15.7
19.5
17.6
558
447
506
4160
204
194
9.9
0.960
0.0466
45.2
20.2%
49.6%
30.2%
Toyota
Truck
All
2001
21.8
15.7
19.5
17.6
554
446
505
4198
201
199
9.6
1.012
0.0477
45.9
18.2%
51.4%
30.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2002
21.7
15.5
19.3
17.4
562
450
510
4256
207
202
9.8
1.000
0.0476
46.3
19.7%
47.3%
33.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
2003
21.6
15.3
19.3
17.3
570
452
513
4306
219
209
9.5
0.982
0.0487
46.6
16.2%
49.4%
34.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2004
22.4
15.6
20.2
17.9
561
428
497
4463
220
218
9.3
1.010
0.0491
50.3
26.6%
49.4%
24.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
2005
22.7
15.7
20.4
18.1
558
426
491
4498
226
237
CO
CO
1.057
0.0526
51.3
25.2%
49.0%
25.8%
Toyota
Truck
All
2006
23.4
16.3
20.8
18.6
527
419
478
4510
225
227
8.9
1.016
0.0503
53.8
24.6%
47.7%
27.7%
Toyota
Truck
All
2007
23.2
16.1
20.7
18.4
535
422
482
4634
238
253
8.7
1.068
0.0541
54.3
14.4%
59.8%
25.8%
Toyota
Truck
All
2008
23.5
16.3
21.1
18.7
529
413
475
4731
53.6
241
268
8.5
1.123
0.0563
56.2
18.7%
60.2%
21.1%
Toyota
Truck
All
2009
25.4
17.4
22.9
20.2
501
383
441
4407
51.1
213
242
8.6
1.145
0.0547
56.5
19.9%
63.6%
16.5%
Toyota
Truck
All
2010
24.7
16.9
22.3
19.6
509
391
453
4701
53.2
232
266
8.4
1.154
0.0561
58.6
12.3%
70.2%
17.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2011
24.9
17.1
22.5
19.8
509
388
449
4644
53.5
225
261
8.5
1.165
0.0558
58.3
25.2%
60.4%
14.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2012
24.9
17.1
22.4
19.7
509
390
450
4639
53.4
225
260
8.5
1.159
0.0555
58.2
20.4%
64.2%
15.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2013
25.4
17.4
22.8
20.1
496
383
441
4591
52.5
220
254
8.6
1.159
0.0547
59.1
19.5%
65.4%
15.1%
Toyota
Truck
All
2014
24.7
17.0
22.2
19.6
509
391
454
4732
54.1
233
264
8.5
1.140
0.0551
58.9
17.9%
65.1%
17.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
2015
25.9
17.7
23.2
20.5
489
376
434
4582
52.2
217
252
8.5
1.170
0.0545
59.9
19.4%
67.8%
12.8%
Toyota
Truck
All
2016
25.9
17.8
22.9
20.4
479
379
436
4714
52.5
223
265
8.2
1.199
0.0558
62.0
13.2%
72.4%
14.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2017
27.2
18.7
23.9
21.4
455
361
416
4694
52.6
214
265
8.1
1.244
0.0558
65.2
14.4%
74.0%
11.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
2018
27.5
18.9
23.8
21.4
449
363
415
4654
51.1
209
255
8.3
1.231
0.0542
65.4
13.5%
77.5%
9.0%
Toyota
All
All
1975
21.6
16.7
21.1
18.4
525
412
483
2748
125
90
0.730
0.0326
29.8
100.0%
Toyota
All
All
1976
24.0
18.3
24.0
20.5
474
359
434
2773
120
87
0.732
0.0312
33.7
100.0%
Toyota
All
All
1977
27.7
21.5
26.7
23.6
396
320
377
2685
115
82
0.730
0.0306
37.9
100.0%
Toyota
All
All
1978
25.7
20.2
24.5
21.9
420
349
405
2694
119
85
14.3
0.728
0.0314
35.4
100.0%
Toyota
All
All
1979
22.9
17.8
22.0
19.5
482
391
456
2733
118
83
15.8
0.718
0.0303
31.7
1.3%
98.7%
Toyota
All
All
1980
25.9
20.5
24.3
22.1
419
352
403
2672
119
81
16.1
0.685
0.0304
35.1
14.5%
6.7%
78.8%
Toyota
All
All
1981
29.9
23.8
27.8
25.4
365
312
350
2621
119
79
16.4
0.664
0.0300
39.6
16.7%
6.4%
77.0%
Toyota
All
All
1982
29.1
23.0
27.3
24.8
377
317
360
2677
124
84
17.1
0.676
0.0310
39.2
19.6%
8.6%
71.8%
Toyota
All
All
1983
30.5
24.4
28.2
26.0
352
304
343
2754
122
88
15.6
0.716
0.0314
42.5
22.0%
33.5%
44.6%
Toyota
All
All
1984
29.7
23.6
27.5
25.2
363
311
353
2845
125
91
15.4
0.723
0.0316
42.8
36.0%
14.5%
49.6%
Toyota
All
All
1985
30.0
23.9
28.0
25.6
361
307
348
2889
126
96
14.9
0.760
0.0331
43.8
21.9%
29.0%
49.1%
Toyota
All
All
1986
29.4
23.3
27.3
24.9
372
315
356
2959
127
101
13.8
0.798
0.0340
43.8
48.5%
15.5%
36.0%
Toyota
All
All
1987
30.0
23.4
28.0
25.3
367
306
351
2966
125
107
13.6
0.852
0.0357
45.0
52.2%
16.0%
31.8%
Toyota
All
All
1988
29.6
23.0
27.4
24.9
373
312
357
2942
123
108
13.5
0.882
0.0365
44.0
65.6%
15.8%
18.6%
Toyota
All
All
1989
28.9
22.3
26.7
24.2
383
319
367
3004
126
114
12.8
0.908
0.0377
43.9
66.0%
14.0%
20.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-29 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Toyota
Truck
All
1989
73.3%
7.8%
18.9%
18.2%
81.8%
Toyota
Truck
All
1990
67.2%
5.3%
27.5%
14.8%
85.2%
Toyota
Truck
All
1991
52.5%
5.4%
42.1%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1992
59.9%
5.7%
34.4%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1993
63.6%
5.4%
31.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1994
63.0%
7.2%
29.8%
100.0%
45.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
1995
46.3%
7.8%
45.9%
100.0%
85.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
1996
42.9%
10.0%
47.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1997
25.6%
74.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1998
28.2%
8.6%
63.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Toyota
Truck
All
1999
18.7%
4.8%
76.5%
100.0%
100.0%
27.7%
Toyota
Truck
All
2000
11.8%
3.2%
85.0%
100.0%
100.0%
29.2%
Toyota
Truck
All
2001
9.0%
3.2%
87.8%
100.0%
100.0%
38.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2002
7.1%
2.8%
90.1%
100.0%
100.0%
38.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2003
7.0%
3.1%
89.9%
100.0%
100.0%
39.8%
Toyota
Truck
All
2004
4.6%
2.4%
93.0%
100.0%
100.0%
56.8%
Toyota
Truck
All
2005
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
100.0%
96.1%
Toyota
Truck
All
2006
4.4%
87.6%
7.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
7.9%
Toyota
Truck
All
2007
4.6%
91.3%
4.1%
100.0%
100.0%
89.8%
4.1%
Toyota
Truck
All
2008
3.3%
91.5%
5.3%
100.0%
100.0%
82.0%
5.3%
Toyota
Truck
All
2009
6.1%
91.4%
2.5%
100.0%
100.0%
81.6%
2.5%
Toyota
Truck
All
2010
3.0%
93.4%
3.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
3.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
2011
1.8%
96.8%
1.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.4%
Toyota
Truck
All
2012
1.9%
96.4%
1.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
2013
1.7%
96.2%
2.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.1%
Toyota
Truck
All
2014
1.6%
97.8%
0.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
2015
1.0%
97.6%
1.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.5%
Toyota
Truck
All
2016
0.8%
94.2%
5.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
5.1%
Toyota
Truck
All
2017
1.2%
92.3%
6.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
6.6%
Toyota
Truck
All
2018
0.5%
92.2%
7.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
7.3%
Toyota
All
All
1975
68.8%
31.2%
100.0%
Toyota
All
All
1976
64.2%
35.8%
100.0%
Toyota
All
All
1977
77.3%
22.7%
100.0%
Toyota
All
All
1978
72.4%
27.6%
100.0%
Toyota
All
All
1979
70.1%
29.9%
95.3%
4.7%
Toyota
All
All
1980
69.9%
30.1%
95.9%
4.1%
Toyota
All
All
1981
65.3%
34.7%
92.5%
5.2%
2.3%
Toyota
All
All
1982
64.4%
32.3%
3.3%
87.6%
10.0%
2.4%
Toyota
All
All
1983
65.0%
25.7%
9.2%
69.1%
30.1%
0.8%
Toyota
All
All
1984
58.2%
12.2%
29.6%
61.1%
37.2%
1.7%
Toyota
All
All
1985
56.8%
10.3%
32.9%
51.3%
48.1%
0.6%
Toyota
All
All
1986
53.7%
7.6%
38.6%
47.6%
52.3%
0.1%
Toyota
All
All
1987
50.7%
4.6%
44.7%
49.2%
50.8%
Toyota
All
All
1988
47.0%
3.1%
49.9%
43.8%
56.2%
Toyota
All
All
1989
40.9%
2.1%
57.0%
37.7%
62.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-30 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Toyota
All
All
1990
27.8
21.2
25.9
23.2
403
330
383
3132
132
124
11.7
0.948
0.0392
44.0
69.4%
14.3%
16.3%
Toyota
All
All
1991
27.5
20.9
25.6
22.9
409
335
388
3173
132
124
11.8
0.949
0.0389
44.0
59.2%
13.8%
27.1%
Toyota
All
All
1992
26.8
20.0
25.0
22.2
424
342
400
3242
136
131
11.4
0.969
0.0400
43.6
45.7%
11.8%
42.6%
Toyota
All
All
1993
26.7
19.8
25.0
22.1
430
340
402
3285
140
136
10.4
0.977
0.0411
44.2
66.0%
12.5%
21.5%
Toyota
All
All
1994
26.4
19.4
24.6
21.8
438
346
409
3317
141
131
10.6
0.940
0.0395
44.1
64.3%
18.0%
17.7%
Toyota
All
All
1995
27.0
19.7
25.2
22.2
432
335
400
3369
146
141
10.9
0.980
0.0418
46.0
45.4%
15.2%
39.4%
Toyota
All
All
1996
27.4
19.9
25.4
22.4
433
338
397
3322
147
142
10.9
0.976
0.0425
45.7
70.4%
15.8%
13.9%
Toyota
All
All
1997
27.1
19.5
25.1
22.1
441
341
402
3371
150
149
10.7
0.997
0.0437
46.2
72.7%
15.1%
12.2%
Toyota
All
All
1998
27.4
19.6
25.4
22.3
440
337
399
3455
155
158
10.6
1.023
0.0455
47.9
68.0%
16.0%
16.0%
Toyota
All
All
1999
27.1
19.3
25.0
22.0
447
342
405
3536
157
163
10.6
1.041
0.0460
48.4
67.4%
19.2%
13.4%
Toyota
All
All
2000
26.2
18.5
24.1
21.2
461
350
419
3623
166
171
9.9
1.050
0.0472
48.0
66.0%
19.5%
14.5%
Toyota
All
All
2001
26.5
18.6
24.2
21.3
452
346
418
3639
165
175
9.7
1.073
0.0479
49.0
60.8%
20.8%
18.4%
Toyota
All
All
2002
26.0
18.2
23.7
20.9
466
354
426
3732
176
184
9.6
1.066
0.0492
49.4
60.6%
19.9%
19.6%
Toyota
All
All
2003
27.1
18.7
24.7
21.7
449
338
410
3624
170
178
9.4
1.083
0.0491
50.0
63.9%
19.3%
16.7%
Toyota
All
All
2004
26.6
18.2
24.3
21.2
457
345
419
3862
181
191
9.3
1.074
0.0491
52.5
61.8%
23.7%
14.5%
Toyota
All
All
2005
28.8
19.5
26.0
22.7
418
321
391
3711
172
186
9.2
1.093
0.0493
55.1
69.4%
18.9%
11.8%
Toyota
All
All
2006
28.4
19.4
25.4
22.4
424
329
396
3811
177
189
9.2
1.079
0.0489
55.7
60.8%
23.0%
16.2%
Toyota
All
All
2007
29.6
20.1
26.5
23.3
405
316
381
3808
178
200
9.0
1.116
0.0511
58.2
66.2%
21.0%
12.8%
Toyota
All
All
2008
29.0
19.8
25.8
22.8
403
322
389
3953
48.3
186
212
8.9
1.128
0.0519
59.5
59.5%
27.3%
13.2%
Toyota
All
All
2009
32.4
21.9
29.0
25.4
381
295
349
3612
46.1
156
180
9.2
1.146
0.0487
60.1
77.3%
16.9%
5.7%
Toyota
All
All
2010
32.4
22.0
28.7
25.4
357
290
350
3821
47.2
167
194
9.1
1.151
0.0493
66.4
68.8%
23.5%
7.7%
Toyota
All
All
2011
30.6
20.6
27.3
23.9
396
310
371
3960
48.7
179
209
CO
CO
1.164
0.0517
63.5
68.0%
24.7%
7.3%
Toyota
All
All
2012
32.9
22.3
28.6
25.5
0
0
349
3860
48.0
171
196
9.0
1.138
0.0496
68.1
69.5%
23.6%
7.0%
Toyota
All
All
2013
32.3
21.9
28.1
25.0
0
0
355
3924
48.1
175
203
CO
CO
1.155
0.0506
67.9
63.1%
27.5%
9.3%
Toyota
All
All
2014
32.8
22.1
28.6
25.4
0
0
350
3898
48.6
175
202
CO
CO
1.151
0.0505
67.9
66.6%
24.1%
9.2%
Toyota
All
All
2015
32.2
21.7
28.1
25.0
368
298
356
3958
48.4
175
206
CO
CO
1.172
0.0509
67.4
60.7%
30.6%
8.8%
Toyota
All
All
2016
32.2
21.8
28.1
25.0
0
0
355
3986
48.5
175
211
8.6
1.203
0.0516
67.0
58.1%
33.1%
8.7%
Toyota
All
All
2017
32.4
22.0
28.4
25.3
0
0
351
4059
49.0
176
216
8.5
1.221
0.0519
70.1
56.0%
36.8%
7.3%
Toyota
All
All
2018
33.8
22.9
29.0
26.0
0
0
341
4017
48.2
172
213
8.5
1.229
0.0518
72.1
56.0%
37.7%
6.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
13.9
10.7
13.5
11.8
769
617
752
4223
310
140
0.466
0.0326
29.8
100.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
16.6
13.1
15.6
14.1
648
542
628
4268
306
132
0.443
0.0304
35.7
100.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
16.5
13.0
15.6
14.0
657
551
633
4360
111.9
323
144
0.458
0.0328
36.1
1874
4043
100.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
18.6
14.4
18.1
15.8
584
468
562
3885
112.5
279
130
13.9
0.488
0.0332
36.0
2150
4060
4.7%
95.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
19.2
14.9
18.5
16.3
574
462
544
3621
112.5
248
119
14.5
0.512
0.0330
34.7
2198
3912
3.1%
96.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
22.5
17.4
21.9
19.1
501
398
464
3186
108.3
206
105
15.0
0.543
0.0329
35.7
2440
3885
6.0%
94.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
23.4
18.1
22.7
19.9
473
375
446
3065
113.7
185
101
15.1
0.608
0.0330
35.9
2721
4093
29.2%
70.8%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
24.5
18.7
24.3
20.9
453
348
425
3054
107.7
179
96
16.9
0.589
0.0312
37.6
2685
4051
42.1%
57.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
23.9
18.2
23.8
20.4
470
361
436
3212
112.6
203
106
14.7
0.568
0.0328
38.4
2739
4337
30.1%
69.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
25.3
19.5
24.9
21.6
437
345
412
3189
111.5
198
106
14.6
0.578
0.0329
40.7
2896
4533
43.8%
56.2%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
25.9
20.0
25.5
22.1
424
334
402
3201
111.6
198
119
13.5
0.642
0.0366
41.8
2973
4665
42.8%
57.2%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
26.7
20.3
26.4
22.7
424
328
392
3213
111.3
190
118
12.9
0.658
0.0363
43.0
3017
4795
53.7%
46.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
26.6
19.9
26.7
22.6
433
326
394
3232
112.9
187
115
13.3
0.649
0.0351
43.1
3036
4864
63.2%
36.8%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
27.0
20.2
26.9
22.9
423
323
389
3249
112.7
190
125
12.9
0.699
0.0381
44.0
3099
4967
61.7%
38.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
27.0
20.0
26.9
22.8
431
326
390
3289
113.2
186
120
12.7
0.687
0.0362
44.4
3093
5044
65.9%
0.7%
33.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
26.3
19.4
26.2
22.2
447
334
401
3401
114.6
196
126
11.8
0.679
0.0368
44.8
3051
5152
64.6%
35.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-31 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Toyota
All
All
1990
33.2%
1.4%
65.4%
11.7%
88.3%
4.3%
Toyota
All
All
1991
34.4%
1.6%
64.0%
100.0%
3.9%
Toyota
All
All
1992
30.8%
1.4%
67.8%
100.0%
5.8%
Toyota
All
All
1993
30.9%
1.5%
67.6%
100.0%
6.0%
Toyota
All
All
1994
31.7%
2.3%
66.0%
100.0%
82.7%
3.7%
Toyota
All
All
1995
19.0%
1.9%
79.2%
100.0%
96.6%
4.4%
Toyota
All
All
1996
17.0%
2.5%
80.5%
100.0%
100.0%
2.8%
Toyota
All
All
1997
13.3%
1.9%
84.8%
100.0%
100.0%
2.0%
Toyota
All
All
1998
12.4%
2.9%
84.7%
100.0%
100.0%
4.4%
Toyota
All
All
1999
9.7%
1.6%
88.7%
100.0%
100.0%
17.5%
Toyota
All
All
2000
9.2%
1.3%
89.6%
100.0%
100.0%
43.7%
Toyota
All
All
2001
7.4%
1.3%
90.3%
1.0%
100.0%
100.0%
53.5%
1.0%
Toyota
All
All
2002
6.1%
1.2%
91.5%
1.3%
100.0%
100.0%
67.6%
1.3%
Toyota
All
All
2003
6.4%
1.2%
91.7%
0.7%
100.0%
100.0%
75.5%
0.7%
Toyota
All
All
2004
4.9%
1.1%
91.6%
2.3%
100.0%
100.0%
79.5%
2.3%
Toyota
All
All
2005
6.5%
88.2%
5.2%
100.0%
100.0%
98.5%
5.2%
Toyota
All
All
2006
6.2%
86.4%
7.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
7.3%
Toyota
All
All
2007
4.7%
85.9%
9.4%
100.0%
100.0%
96.6%
9.5%
Toyota
All
All
2008
4.6%
83.9%
11.5%
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
92.2%
11.6%
Toyota
All
All
2009
4.3%
87.6%
8.0%
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
95.5%
8.1%
Toyota
All
All
2010
2.5%
83.3%
14.2%
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
100.0%
14.2%
Toyota
All
All
2011
1.5%
89.6%
8.9%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
100.0%
8.9%
Toyota
All
All
2012
1.4%
81.9%
16.7%
1.3%
98.6%
100.0%
100.0%
16.2%
Toyota
All
All
2013
2.1%
82.3%
15.6%
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
100.0%
15.4%
Toyota
All
All
2014
1.4%
72.6%
26.0%
2.0%
97.9%
99.9%
99.9%
12.5%
Toyota
All
All
2015
1.0%
75.2%
23.7%
1.7%
98.3%
100.0%
100.0%
11.4%
Toyota
All
All
2016
1.0%
73.8%
25.2%
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
100.0%
9.2%
Toyota
All
All
2017
1.0%
76.1%
23.0%
1.6%
98.3%
99.9%
99.9%
9.6%
Toyota
All
All
2018
0.6%
72.5%
26.9%
1.7%
98.3%
99.9%
99.9%
11.7%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
13.4%
86.6%
100.0%
55.2%
26.6%
18.1%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
10.9%
89.1%
100.0%
56.4%
24.9%
18.8%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
55.3%
22.4%
22.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
13.1%
86.9%
100.0%
31.1%
49.5%
19.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
16.3%
83.7%
100.0%
39.2%
39.9%
20.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
27.2%
58.3%
14.5%
98.7%
1.3%
47.4%
37.2%
15.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
26.8%
51.3%
22.0%
95.1%
4.9%
44.9%
37.9%
17.2%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
31.7%
24.6%
43.7%
95.7%
4.3%
53.3%
28.5%
18.2%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
22.1%
22.1%
55.8%
71.1%
2.3%
26.6%
54.6%
24.8%
20.6%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
21.1%
28.3%
50.6%
48.6%
18.2%
31.5%
1.7%
64.8%
17.1%
18.1%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
21.7%
29.5%
48.8%
30.3%
2.4%
66.7%
0.6%
63.4%
15.7%
20.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
23.4%
27.6%
49.0%
27.7%
38.8%
33.0%
0.4%
63.8%
21.1%
15.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
21.1%
28.9%
50.0%
51.1%
48.8%
0.2%
58.5%
25.9%
15.6%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
20.7%
26.6%
52.7%
4.2%
73.9%
21.9%
58.8%
22.3%
19.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
19.4%
25.1%
55.5%
2.0%
84.8%
13.2%
9.2%
51.6%
30.9%
17.6%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
12.8%
24.8%
62.4%
90.0%
10.0%
5.6%
45.0%
35.4%
19.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-32 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
27.3
20.0
27.0
22.9
432
321
388
3280
114.0
181
132
11.5
0.749
0.0394
44.9
3176
5154
72.0%
28.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
26.8
19.3
26.8
22.4
452
327
397
3429
117.5
200
145
10.9
0.733
0.0416
45.9
3176
5427
64.5%
35.5%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
27.9
20.0
27.7
23.2
432
316
383
3296
114.7
184
135
10.5
0.748
0.0401
46.0
3253
5304
70.8%
29.2%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
27.2
19.3
27.3
22.6
447
319
393
3405
115.2
197
142
10.2
0.738
0.0410
46.5
3197
5366
65.0%
35.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
27.7
19.4
27.9
23.0
442
313
387
3367
113.8
189
146
10.2
0.793
0.0424
46.8
3219
5331
67.9%
32.1%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
26.3
18.4
26.4
21.8
474
333
408
3495
115.0
195
157
10.3
0.822
0.0442
46.0
3053
5297
65.6%
34.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
27.0
18.7
26.9
22.2
462
324
400
3425
115.0
192
154
10.3
0.820
0.0441
46.2
3140
5320
67.4%
32.6%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
27.5
18.9
27.3
22.6
460
321
394
3350
110.5
182
152
10.5
0.864
0.0449
46.1
3062
5093
73.7%
26.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
27.2
18.6
27.0
22.3
468
325
398
3416
112.5
186
163
10.1
0.901
0.0472
46.6
3087
5246
74.3%
25.7%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
27.2
18.6
26.4
22.1
468
333
401
3446
113.9
189
173
9.5
0.921
0.0493
46.9
3127
5353
66.8%
33.2%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
26.8
18.2
26.1
21.8
477
337
407
3465
114.7
192
167
9.4
0.890
0.0476
46.7
3118
5358
67.8%
32.2%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
27.1
18.4
25.9
21.9
473
340
405
3461
113.3
187
169
9.5
0.923
0.0484
47.0
3119
5343
70.6%
29.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
26.7
18.0
25.4
21.5
484
347
413
3608
116.2
198
182
9.2
0.932
0.0500
48.1
3138
5615
62.7%
37.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
25.7
17.2
24.7
20.8
509
358
428
3714
115.8
214
192
8.9
0.917
0.0517
47.7
3007
5556
50.0%
50.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
27.2
18.2
25.4
21.7
479
346
409
3639
116.8
194
185
8.9
0.979
0.0504
49.6
3229
5823
62.5%
3.5%
34.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
26.9
17.9
25.5
21.5
488
345
412
3676
116.3
196
195
8.7
1.016
0.0526
49.6
3178
5789
66.1%
2.8%
31.1%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
27.7
18.4
26.3
22.2
470
332
400
3583
114.4
187
188
8.9
1.035
0.0522
50.1
3258
5755
67.3%
4.9%
27.7%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
28.1
18.5
26.9
22.5
464
323
395
3667
46.7
115.2
194
207
8.5
1.094
0.0557
52.0
3327
6006
65.6%
4.7%
29.7%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
30.0
19.6
27.9
23.4
439
311
380
3557
45.8
113.8
176
194
8.6
1.119
0.0536
53.8
3499
6127
76.9%
4.8%
18.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
31.1
20.6
29.1
24.7
412
300
360
3596
46.0
113.6
177
198
8.5
1.130
0.0545
57.4
3661
6534
79.2%
5.0%
15.8%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
32.1
21.1
29.7
25.3
402
293
352
3602
45.9
112.1
176
207
8.4
1.179
0.0565
58.9
3721
6600
77.9%
4.8%
17.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
35.3
23.1
32.1
27.5
0
0
323
3381
45.2
110.3
155
195
8.2
1.252
0.0567
60.9
4032
6720
87.7%
3.0%
9.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
36.8
24.1
32.7
28.4
0
0
313
3537
46.6
110.5
147
202
8.1
1.388
0.0563
68.8
4337
7670
86.5%
4.3%
9.1%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
36.2
23.6
32.7
28.1
0
0
317
3475
46.3
109.3
145
200
8.1
1.397
0.0568
65.8
4166
7212
84.2%
3.3%
12.5%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
35.4
23.1
32.5
27.7
0
0
321
3598
46.8
109.4
150
213
8.0
1.445
0.0582
67.2
4129
7389
78.0%
4.8%
17.2%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
36.1
23.3
33.3
28.1
0
0
316
3559
46.6
109.8
143
205
8.1
1.449
0.0566
68.2
4242
7533
80.1%
5.5%
14.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
35.4
23.1
32.8
27.8
0
0
319
3717
47.0
111.3
143
213
8.0
1.517
0.0565
73.5
4421
8230
76.4%
8.7%
14.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
35.7
23.0
32.3
27.5
0
0
322
3706
47.1
111.1
141
216
7.9
1.549
0.0574
71.6
4336
8022
78.1%
7.6%
14.3%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1975
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1976
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1977
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1978
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1979
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1980
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1981
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1982
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1983
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1984
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1985
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1986
23.5
18.0
23.0
20.0
493
387
445
3500
179
139
11.8
0.777
0.0397
41.1
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1987
23.3
17.5
23.3
19.8
507
381
449
3500
179
139
12.4
0.777
0.0397
40.8
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1988
23.0
17.5
22.1
19.4
505
402
458
3500
179
139
12.2
0.777
0.0397
40.3
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1989
23.1
17.5
22.3
19.5
508
399
457
3500
179
139
11.7
0.777
0.0397
40.5
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1990
23.2
17.4
22.3
19.5
511
397
457
3500
179
140
10.9
0.782
0.0400
40.6
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1991
21.2
15.7
20.8
17.8
565
426
499
4000
231
170
10.6
0.736
0.0425
42.6
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-33 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
15.5%
14.6%
70.0%
100.0%
9.3%
53.0%
29.8%
17.1%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
9.0%
17.1%
74.0%
100.0%
4.8%
38.1%
36.4%
25.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
15.1%
12.7%
72.2%
100.0%
9.3%
48.9%
37.2%
13.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
13.5%
10.2%
76.2%
100.0%
7.9%
44.0%
37.5%
18.5%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
14.1%
85.9%
100.0%
19.2%
9.0%
49.2%
35.5%
15.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
9.9%
90.1%
100.0%
27.8%
12.7%
37.1%
44.6%
18.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
15.1%
5.6%
40.0%
39.4%
20.6%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
11.0%
89.0%
100.0%
31.1%
20.9%
54.4%
29.0%
16.6%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
9.4%
90.6%
100.0%
37.9%
14.8%
45.7%
35.0%
19.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
10.7%
89.3%
100.0%
32.8%
8.0%
43.0%
19.3%
37.8%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
30.0%
14.0%
39.9%
15.2%
44.8%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
8.9%
91.1%
100.0%
34.1%
14.3%
42.7%
18.3%
39.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
9.6%
90.4%
100.0%
31.5%
16.5%
37.9%
12.0%
50.1%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
8.7%
91.3%
100.0%
32.5%
13.5%
34.8%
12.9%
52.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
9.1%
86.6%
4.3%
100.0%
52.5%
32.4%
41.2%
9.1%
49.7%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
9.1%
85.4%
5.5%
100.0%
60.0%
45.6%
33.0%
24.7%
42.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
10.9%
87.6%
1.4%
100.0%
67.4%
18.5%
43.2%
25.4%
31.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
9.5%
90.5%
100.0%
77.6%
7.2%
40.0%
29.1%
30.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
7.2%
92.8%
100.0%
86.0%
20.4%
45.2%
32.9%
21.9%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
5.0%
90.2%
4.8%
1.5%
98.5%
87.9%
62.7%
4.8%
34.9%
48.7%
16.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
6.7%
90.3%
3.1%
1.3%
98.7%
92.8%
77.0%
3.1%
38.0%
40.0%
22.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
7.2%
3.0%
87.4%
2.4%
37.4%
62.5%
99.9%
99.2%
2.4%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
8.1%
11.3%
68.6%
12.0%
46.7%
53.2%
99.8%
98.5%
12.0%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
7.9%
16.1%
67.7%
8.3%
51.8%
47.9%
99.8%
98.0%
8.3%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
8.6%
13.8%
68.7%
8.8%
46.4%
53.4%
99.8%
97.6%
8.8%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
8.0%
28.6%
55.4%
8.1%
49.7%
50.1%
99.8%
99.8%
8.1%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
9.4%
22.0%
54.2%
14.5%
53.5%
46.3%
99.8%
98.9%
14.5%
Ford
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
13.2%
20.7%
51.0%
15.1%
53.5%
46.4%
99.9%
99.9%
15.1%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1975
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1976
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1977
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1978
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1979
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1980
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1981
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1982
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1983
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1984
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1985
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1986
60.0%
40.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1987
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1988
48.3%
51.7%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1989
56.4%
43.6%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1990
55.6%
44.4%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1991
21.4%
78.6%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-34 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1992
21.2
15.6
20.5
17.7
568
434
502
4000
231
170
10.4
0.736
0.0425
42.4
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1993
21.6
15.8
20.9
18.0
563
424
494
4000
231
170
9.8
0.736
0.0425
43.2
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1994
21.1
15.4
20.3
17.5
578
437
508
4000
231
170
9.7
0.736
0.0425
42.2
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1995
22.5
16.2
21.6
18.6
546
411
478
4000
244
160
10.1
0.656
0.0400
45.0
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1996
22.3
16.0
21.7
18.5
556
410
481
4000
244
160
10.6
0.656
0.0400
44.7
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1997
21.4
15.3
20.4
17.6
580
436
505
4000
244
160
10.4
0.656
0.0400
42.8
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1998
21.2
15.2
20.0
17.4
584
444
510
4000
244
160
10.8
0.656
0.0400
42.5
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1999
21.7
15.5
20.3
17.7
574
437
501
4000
244
160
10.8
0.656
0.0400
43.5
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2000
21.0
14.8
19.8
17.2
598
448
518
4000
244
163
10.2
0.666
0.0406
42.1
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2001
22.3
15.6
20.8
18.1
565
423
491
3826
219
202
8.7
0.942
0.0530
42.8
43.3%
56.7%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2002
23.6
16.4
21.9
19.0
538
402
467
3647
198
200
CO
CO
1.027
0.0550
43.2
70.5%
29.5%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2003
24.1
16.5
22.5
19.4
536
392
458
3613
194
200
8.7
1.044
0.0555
43.5
77.5%
22.5%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2004
25.1
17.0
23.5
20.2
522
378
441
3500
180
198
8.7
1.098
0.0565
43.9
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2005
26.6
18.4
23.3
20.9
476
380
424
3517
166
181
9.3
1.092
0.0516
47.2
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2006
27.3
19.1
23.5
21.4
455
377
416
3545
162
176
9.4
1.084
0.0500
49.4
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2007
25.7
17.5
23.5
20.4
498
378
435
4064
189
215
9.1
1.114
0.0522
52.5
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2008
27.0
18.3
24.5
21.4
468
362
416
3905
46.1
180
207
9.0
1.140
0.0527
53.5
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2009
28.6
19.3
26.1
22.7
444
338
392
3791
45.2
176
213
8.2
1.200
0.0563
55.3
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2010
28.3
19.1
25.8
22.4
458
343
396
3919
46.3
184
224
8.2
1.209
0.0570
55.6
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2011
29.0
19.4
26.3
22.8
453
337
389
3927
46.7
188
239
7.9
1.257
0.0606
57.0
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2012
29.6
19.9
26.7
23.3
444
332
382
3780
45.6
173
221
8.2
1.271
0.0580
56.1
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2013
30.7
20.2
28.4
24.2
436
311
367
4179
48.0
160
236
8.2
1.551
0.0561
64.2
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2014
31.0
20.5
28.4
24.4
431
312
364
3932
46.8
141
213
8.5
1.583
0.0537
60.9
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2015
31.6
20.7
29.0
24.7
428
306
360
4008
46.9
138
214
8.5
1.618
0.0531
63.4
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2016
31.8
20.9
29.2
24.9
422
302
356
3995
47.1
139
212
8.6
1.585
0.0526
63.7
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2017
32.3
21.5
29.1
25.2
411
305
352
4084
46.6
123
209
CO
CO
1.771
0.0509
66.1
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2018
32.6
21.6
28.8
25.2
405
308
352
4062
46.2
123
198
9.2
1.713
0.0483
66.6
100.0%
Ford
Car
All
1975
13.9
10.7
13.5
11.8
769
617
752
4223
310
140
0.466
0.0326
29.8
100.0%
Ford
Car
All
1976
16.6
13.1
15.6
14.1
648
542
628
4268
306
132
0.443
0.0304
35.7
100.0%
Ford
Car
All
1977
16.5
13.0
15.6
14.0
657
551
633
4360
323
144
0.458
0.0328
36.1
100.0%
Ford
Car
All
1978
18.6
14.4
18.1
15.8
584
468
562
3885
279
130
13.9
0.488
0.0332
36.0
4.7%
95.3%
Ford
Car
All
1979
19.2
14.9
18.5
16.3
574
462
544
3621
248
119
14.5
0.512
0.0330
34.7
3.1%
96.9%
Ford
Car
All
1980
22.5
17.4
21.9
19.1
501
398
464
3186
206
105
15.0
0.543
0.0329
35.7
6.0%
94.0%
Ford
Car
All
1981
23.4
18.1
22.7
19.9
473
375
446
3065
185
101
15.1
0.608
0.0330
35.9
29.2%
70.8%
Ford
Car
All
1982
24.5
18.7
24.3
20.9
453
348
425
3054
179
96
16.9
0.589
0.0312
37.6
42.1%
57.9%
Ford
Car
All
1983
23.9
18.2
23.8
20.4
470
361
436
3212
203
106
14.7
0.568
0.0328
38.4
30.1%
69.9%
Ford
Car
All
1984
25.3
19.5
24.9
21.6
437
345
412
3189
198
106
14.6
0.578
0.0329
40.7
43.8%
56.2%
Ford
Car
All
1985
25.9
20.0
25.5
22.1
424
334
402
3201
198
119
13.5
0.642
0.0366
41.8
42.8%
57.2%
Ford
Car
All
1986
26.7
20.3
26.4
22.7
424
328
392
3213
190
118
12.9
0.658
0.0363
43.0
53.7%
46.3%
Ford
Car
All
1987
26.5
19.9
26.6
22.5
434
327
395
3235
186
115
13.3
0.651
0.0351
43.0
62.4%
37.6%
Ford
Car
All
1988
26.9
20.1
26.8
22.8
424
324
390
3253
189
126
12.9
0.701
0.0381
43.9
60.8%
39.2%
Ford
Car
All
1989
27.0
20.0
26.8
22.7
432
327
391
3291
186
120
12.7
0.688
0.0362
44.3
65.1%
0.7%
34.3%
Ford
Car
All
1990
26.3
19.3
26.2
22.1
448
335
402
3403
196
126
11.8
0.681
0.0368
44.8
63.9%
36.1%
Ford
Car
All
1991
27.0
19.7
26.7
22.6
437
325
394
3314
184
134
11.5
0.748
0.0396
44.8
68.7%
31.3%
Ford
Car
All
1992
26.4
19.1
26.3
22.1
457
332
403
3461
202
147
10.8
0.734
0.0416
45.7
61.0%
39.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-35 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1992
16.5%
83.5%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1993
14.0%
86.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1994
15.6%
84.4%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1995
41.2%
58.8%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1996
29.8%
70.2%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1997
25.4%
74.6%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1998
8.9%
91.1%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
1999
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2000
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2001
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
34.8%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2002
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
70.5%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2003
4.3%
95.7%
100.0%
77.5%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2004
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2005
2.7%
93.8%
3.5%
100.0%
100.0%
3.5%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2006
3.1%
87.9%
9.1%
100.0%
100.0%
9.1%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2007
1.2%
94.4%
4.5%
100.0%
100.0%
17.4%
4.5%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2008
1.1%
91.6%
7.3%
100.0%
100.0%
7.3%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2009
0.8%
90.2%
9.0%
100.0%
100.0%
42.9%
9.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2010
0.4%
96.8%
2.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.9%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2011
0.3%
97.6%
2.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2012
0.5%
97.9%
1.6%
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
100.0%
1.6%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2013
100.0%
47.3%
52.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2014
100.0%
59.2%
40.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2015
100.0%
61.2%
38.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2016
100.0%
57.3%
42.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2017
100.0%
73.8%
26.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
Car SUV
2018
100.0%
66.2%
33.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Car
All
1975
13.4%
86.6%
100.0%
55.2%
26.6%
18.1%
Ford
Car
All
1976
10.9%
89.1%
100.0%
56.4%
24.9%
18.8%
Ford
Car
All
1977
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
55.3%
22.4%
22.3%
Ford
Car
All
1978
13.1%
86.9%
100.0%
31.1%
49.5%
19.3%
Ford
Car
All
1979
16.3%
83.7%
100.0%
39.2%
39.9%
20.9%
Ford
Car
All
1980
27.2%
58.3%
14.5%
98.7%
1.3%
47.4%
37.2%
15.3%
Ford
Car
All
1981
26.8%
51.3%
22.0%
95.1%
4.9%
44.9%
37.9%
17.2%
Ford
Car
All
1982
31.7%
24.6%
43.7%
95.7%
4.3%
53.3%
28.5%
18.2%
Ford
Car
All
1983
22.1%
22.1%
55.8%
71.1%
2.3%
26.6%
54.6%
24.8%
20.6%
Ford
Car
All
1984
21.1%
28.3%
50.6%
48.6%
18.2%
31.5%
1.7%
64.8%
17.1%
18.1%
Ford
Car
All
1985
21.7%
29.5%
48.8%
30.3%
2.4%
66.7%
0.6%
63.4%
15.7%
20.9%
Ford
Car
All
1986
23.4%
27.6%
49.0%
27.7%
38.8%
33.0%
0.4%
Ford
Car
All
1987
21.0%
28.6%
50.4%
51.6%
48.2%
0.2%
Ford
Car
All
1988
21.1%
26.2%
52.7%
4.1%
74.3%
21.6%
Ford
Car
All
1989
19.9%
24.7%
55.4%
2.0%
85.0%
13.0%
9.1%
Ford
Car
All
1990
13.2%
24.6%
62.2%
90.1%
9.9%
5.6%
Ford
Car
All
1991
15.7%
13.9%
70.4%
100.0%
8.9%
Ford
Car
All
1992
9.4%
16.1%
74.5%
100.0%
4.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-36 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Ford
Car
All
1993
27.5
19.8
27.3
22.9
437
320
388
3327
186
136
10.5
0.747
0.0402
45.9
67.7%
32.3%
Ford
Car
All
1994
26.8
19.0
26.7
22.3
453
324
399
3440
199
144
10.2
0.738
0.0411
46.2
61.2%
38.8%
Ford
Car
All
1995
27.7
19.4
27.9
23.0
443
313
387
3370
190
147
10.2
0.792
0.0424
46.8
67.5%
32.5%
Ford
Car
All
1996
26.2
18.3
26.3
21.7
475
334
409
3502
196
157
10.3
0.820
0.0441
46.0
64.7%
35.3%
Ford
Car
All
1997
26.9
18.6
26.8
22.1
464
326
401
3434
192
154
10.3
0.818
0.0441
46.2
66.4%
33.6%
Ford
Car
All
1998
26.7
18.5
26.4
21.9
470
330
405
3414
188
153
10.5
0.844
0.0444
45.7
66.5%
33.5%
Ford
Car
All
1999
26.6
18.3
26.2
21.8
475
333
407
3468
191
163
10.1
0.879
0.0466
46.3
67.7%
32.3%
Ford
Car
All
2000
26.5
18.2
25.7
21.6
477
340
411
3492
194
173
9.5
0.900
0.0486
46.5
61.3%
38.7%
Ford
Car
All
2001
26.1
17.8
25.3
21.2
487
346
418
3513
195
172
9.3
0.897
0.0483
46.2
64.5%
35.5%
Ford
Car
All
2002
26.8
18.3
25.5
21.7
478
344
410
3476
188
172
9.4
0.931
0.0489
46.7
70.6%
29.4%
Ford
Car
All
2003
26.5
17.9
25.2
21.3
488
350
417
3608
198
184
9.1
0.941
0.0504
47.7
63.8%
36.2%
Ford
Car
All
2004
25.7
17.2
24.6
20.7
510
359
429
3700
212
193
8.9
0.928
0.0520
47.5
53.1%
46.9%
Ford
Car
All
2005
27.2
18.3
25.2
21.6
478
350
411
3625
191
184
9.0
0.992
0.0505
49.3
66.9%
3.1%
30.0%
Ford
Car
All
2006
26.9
18.0
25.3
21.5
485
348
413
3663
192
193
CO
CO
1.023
0.0523
49.6
69.3%
2.5%
28.2%
Ford
Car
All
2007
27.4
18.3
25.8
21.9
474
339
406
3656
187
193
8.9
1.047
0.0522
50.5
72.3%
4.2%
23.5%
Ford
Car
All
2008
27.8
18.5
26.2
22.2
465
333
401
3731
46.6
190
207
8.6
1.107
0.0549
52.4
75.0%
3.4%
21.7%
Ford
Car
All
2009
29.6
19.5
27.5
23.2
440
318
383
3615
45.6
176
199
8.5
1.139
0.0543
54.2
82.7%
3.6%
13.8%
Ford
Car
All
2010
30.4
20.2
28.2
24.1
422
310
369
3674
46.1
179
204
8.4
1.149
0.0551
57.0
84.2%
3.8%
12.0%
Ford
Car
All
2011
31.2
20.6
28.7
24.6
414
304
362
3690
46.1
179
216
8.2
1.200
0.0576
58.4
83.9%
3.5%
12.6%
Ford
Car
All
2012
34.1
22.4
30.9
26.6
0
0
334
3454
45.3
158
199
8.2
1.255
0.0569
60.1
89.9%
2.4%
7.6%
Ford
Car
All
2013
34.8
22.8
31.4
27.0
0
0
329
3722
47.0
150
212
8.1
1.435
0.0562
67.5
90.4%
3.1%
6.5%
Ford
Car
All
2014
34.8
22.8
31.6
27.1
0
0
328
3582
46.4
144
203
8.2
1.440
0.0560
64.6
87.9%
2.5%
9.6%
Ford
Car
All
2015
34.4
22.5
31.6
26.9
0
0
330
3693
46.8
147
213
8.1
1.485
0.0570
66.3
83.1%
3.7%
13.2%
Ford
Car
All
2016
35.0
22.7
32.3
27.4
0
0
325
3654
46.7
142
206
8.2
1.479
0.0557
67.3
84.5%
4.3%
11.2%
Ford
Car
All
2017
34.3
22.6
31.5
26.9
0
0
330
3835
46.9
136
212
8.3
1.599
0.0547
71.1
84.0%
5.9%
10.1%
Ford
Car
All
2018
34.6
22.6
31.0
26.7
0
0
332
3825
46.8
135
210
8.4
1.604
0.0543
69.9
85.5%
5.0%
9.5%
Ford
Truck
Van
1975
12.6
10.0
11.7
10.7
871
743
829
4135
334
148
0.434
0.0356
26.4
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1976
13.4
10.6
12.7
11.4
815
691
776
4081
336
151
0.444
0.0370
28.0
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1977
15.5
12.5
14.1
13.2
701
621
675
4110
343
158
0.459
0.0385
32.2
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1978
15.0
12.2
13.6
12.8
718
644
696
4088
335
145
13.3
0.430
0.0354
31.2
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1979
12.1
9.7
11.1
10.3
893
786
862
4665
336
163
14.4
0.480
0.0348
28.6
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1980
16.2
13.0
14.9
13.8
670
580
645
4625
314
132
16.6
0.419
0.0286
37.9
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1981
16.8
13.6
15.3
14.3
645
569
621
4509
310
128
16.6
0.413
0.0284
38.3
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1982
16.2
13.0
14.7
13.8
672
592
646
4544
314
130
17.7
0.416
0.0288
37.1
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1983
16.3
12.9
15.1
13.8
678
578
643
4516
313
134
15.7
0.429
0.0297
37.1
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1984
16.6
13.1
15.6
14.1
667
558
630
4389
313
142
15.0
0.452
0.0324
36.8
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1985
16.2
12.8
15.2
13.8
684
574
645
4464
311
145
14.7
0.464
0.0325
36.4
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1986
19.7
15.3
18.9
16.7
573
457
531
4218
242
131
14.7
0.570
0.0311
41.8
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1987
19.6
15.0
19.0
16.6
581
456
534
4247
236
149
13.6
0.671
0.0352
42.0
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1988
19.4
14.8
18.8
16.4
592
459
541
4358
240
150
13.9
0.661
0.0346
42.5
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1989
19.8
15.0
19.2
16.7
584
451
532
4274
229
149
13.4
0.685
0.0351
42.6
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1990
19.3
14.5
18.7
16.3
603
463
546
4317
240
155
12.3
0.678
0.0362
42.0
7.9%
92.1%
Ford
Truck
Van
1991
19.8
14.7
19.2
16.6
593
452
535
4283
236
156
12.3
0.690
0.0368
42.6
10.4%
89.6%
Ford
Truck
Van
1992
19.7
14.6
18.9
16.4
600
462
541
4427
239
156
12.2
0.685
0.0357
43.6
7.3%
92.7%
Ford
Truck
Van
1993
20.8
15.2
20.2
17.4
576
431
512
4280
220
158
11.2
0.740
0.0370
44.7
21.2%
5.5%
73.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-37 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Ford
Car
All
1993
15.0%
12.2%
72.8%
100.0%
8.9%
Ford
Car
All
1994
13.6%
9.7%
76.7%
100.0%
7.4%
Ford
Car
All
1995
14.3%
85.7%
100.0%
19.0%
8.9%
Ford
Car
All
1996
10.1%
89.9%
100.0%
27.5%
12.6%
Ford
Car
All
1997
9.0%
91.0%
100.0%
14.9%
5.5%
Ford
Car
All
1998
10.8%
89.2%
100.0%
28.1%
18.8%
Ford
Car
All
1999
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
34.5%
13.5%
Ford
Car
All
2000
10.1%
89.9%
100.0%
30.0%
7.4%
Ford
Car
All
2001
8.3%
91.7%
100.0%
30.6%
12.1%
Ford
Car
All
2002
8.7%
91.3%
100.0%
37.1%
13.2%
Ford
Car
All
2003
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
35.2%
15.2%
Ford
Car
All
2004
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
36.7%
12.6%
Ford
Car
All
2005
8.3%
87.5%
4.2%
100.0%
58.0%
28.6%
0.4%
Ford
Car
All
2006
8.5%
85.7%
5.8%
100.0%
63.8%
41.2%
0.9%
Ford
Car
All
2007
9.5%
88.7%
1.9%
100.0%
72.4%
18.4%
0.7%
Ford
Car
All
2008
7.2%
90.8%
2.0%
100.0%
83.7%
5.3%
2.0%
Ford
Car
All
2009
5.6%
92.1%
2.2%
100.0%
89.5%
26.0%
2.2%
Ford
Car
All
2010
3.9%
91.8%
4.3%
1.1%
98.9%
90.8%
71.7%
4.3%
Ford
Car
All
2011
4.9%
92.3%
2.8%
0.9%
99.1%
94.8%
83.2%
2.8%
Ford
Car
All
2012
6.0%
2.4%
89.3%
2.3%
31.7%
68.2%
99.9%
99.3%
2.3%
Ford
Car
All
2013
5.8%
8.1%
77.6%
8.5%
46.8%
53.0%
99.9%
99.0%
8.5%
Ford
Car
All
2014
6.1%
12.3%
75.3%
6.3%
53.6%
46.3%
99.8%
98.5%
6.3%
Ford
Car
All
2015
6.6%
10.6%
76.0%
6.8%
49.8%
50.0%
99.8%
98.2%
6.8%
Ford
Car
All
2016
6.2%
22.4%
65.1%
6.3%
51.3%
48.5%
99.8%
99.8%
6.3%
Ford
Car
All
2017
6.4%
14.9%
68.9%
9.8%
60.0%
39.8%
99.9%
99.2%
9.8%
Ford
Car
All
2018
8.8%
13.7%
67.5%
10.0%
57.8%
42.2%
99.9%
99.9%
10.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1975
31.4%
68.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1976
24.8%
75.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1977
17.4%
82.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1978
16.5%
83.5%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1979
13.9%
86.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1980
23.7%
76.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1981
24.3%
75.7%
0.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1982
14.9%
85.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1983
10.6%
53.4%
36.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1984
11.8%
51.6%
36.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1985
6.8%
42.8%
50.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1986
8.4%
21.3%
70.3%
45.0%
55.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1987
5.3%
20.6%
74.1%
5.8%
94.2%
Ford
Truck
Van
1988
4.4%
20.3%
75.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1989
3.4%
17.4%
79.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1990
1.5%
9.3%
89.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1991
1.3%
7.4%
91.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1992
1.1%
6.1%
92.8%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1993
0.9%
4.6%
94.6%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-38 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Ford
Truck
Van
1994
19.9
14.5
19.3
16.6
603
450
536
4437
237
161
11.2
0.705
0.0365
44.3
18.6%
5.1%
76.3%
Ford
Truck
Van
1995
21.7
15.5
21.3
18.0
568
411
494
4182
239
149
11.6
0.640
0.0357
45.4
68.2%
14.4%
17.4%
Ford
Truck
Van
1996
21.4
15.3
20.8
17.7
573
419
501
4214
235
178
10.9
0.772
0.0426
45.3
68.4%
1.9%
29.7%
Ford
Truck
Van
1997
20.7
14.7
20.2
17.1
598
436
519
4408
229
177
11.2
0.781
0.0401
45.6
42.0%
3.5%
54.6%
Ford
Truck
Van
1998
22.4
15.7
21.7
18.4
562
405
483
4205
227
186
10.8
0.823
0.0445
47.0
82.8%
17.2%
Ford
Truck
Van
1999
21.0
14.7
20.2
17.2
600
434
516
4578
238
198
10.8
0.837
0.0433
48.1
73.5%
26.5%
Ford
Truck
Van
2000
21.6
15.1
20.7
17.7
586
425
502
4543
236
200
10.2
0.849
0.0440
49.2
83.4%
16.6%
Ford
Truck
Van
2001
18.0
12.5
17.3
14.7
701
510
603
5337
296
241
9.8
0.816
0.0451
48.0
7.9%
32.8%
59.4%
Ford
Truck
Van
2002
21.9
15.2
20.4
17.7
581
432
502
4570
238
202
10.2
0.851
0.0443
50.1
80.2%
19.8%
Ford
Truck
Van
2003
22.2
15.2
20.9
17.9
581
420
495
4613
241
205
10.1
0.852
0.0445
51.3
80.2%
19.8%
Ford
Truck
Van
2004
21.5
14.6
20.4
17.4
606
434
511
4620
253
203
10.1
0.803
0.0439
49.7
82.4%
17.6%
Ford
Truck
Van
2005
23.5
16.1
21.6
18.8
549
407
472
4464
223
204
9.7
0.937
0.0457
52.6
67.4%
20.6%
12.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2006
22.6
15.4
20.9
18.1
569
418
490
4530
232
208
9.7
0.924
0.0461
51.5
62.2%
13.7%
24.1%
Ford
Truck
Van
2007
24.6
16.7
22.8
19.7
531
388
451
4283
205
201
9.6
1.005
0.0471
52.7
78.0%
22.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2008
24.0
16.0
22.9
19.3
555
387
460
4500
50.5
213
265
8.2
1.244
0.0589
54.0
64.8%
35.2%
Ford
Truck
Van
2009
24.4
16.3
23.2
19.6
545
383
453
4500
51.4
213
265
8.0
1.244
0.0589
54.9
77.3%
22.7%
Ford
Truck
Van
2010
30.3
21.7
24.9
23.4
410
357
380
3500
47.9
122
140
11.6
1.148
0.0400
53.1
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2011
27.7
19.3
23.7
21.6
445
363
411
3777
50.0
142
151
11.5
1.108
0.0400
52.5
89.1%
10.9%
Ford
Truck
Van
2012
28.5
19.6
24.9
22.3
443
348
399
3721
49.6
138
145
11.8
1.086
0.0389
53.1
91.5%
8.5%
Ford
Truck
Van
2013
28.8
19.8
25.2
22.5
439
345
394
3670
49.2
134
143
11.8
1.093
0.0389
53.1
93.4%
6.6%
Ford
Truck
Van
2014
28.5
19.2
26.0
22.5
454
333
394
4123
51.9
164
180
10.1
1.124
0.0438
59.3
88.3%
5.4%
6.3%
Ford
Truck
Van
2015
28.9
19.4
26.4
22.8
452
332
389
4194
52.2
160
186
10.0
1.167
0.0441
60.6
85.5%
3.2%
11.3%
Ford
Truck
Van
2016
27.7
18.6
25.3
21.9
470
344
406
4244
52.5
161
187
10.0
1.161
0.0438
58.6
84.7%
2.2%
13.2%
Ford
Truck
Van
2017
27.1
18.3
24.8
21.5
477
347
413
4297
52.8
166
190
10.0
1.136
0.0440
58.2
81.4%
2.4%
16.1%
Ford
Truck
Van
2018
27.8
18.8
25.3
22.0
467
344
404
4213
52.4
163
185
10.0
1.130
0.0439
58.4
85.5%
14.5%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
10.6
8.5
9.7
9.0
1044
917
988
5000
302
130
0.430
0.0260
26.5
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
13.7
11.0
12.5
11.6
804
702
763
5000
302
127
0.420
0.0253
34.5
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
14.5
11.9
12.8
12.3
745
693
723
5000
302
141
0.467
0.0282
36.3
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
13.2
10.6
12.2
11.2
840
728
791
5000
362
165
13.9
0.455
0.0330
33.1
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
11.0
9.0
9.7
9.3
983
915
953
5000
351
177
13.7
0.504
0.0354
27.5
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
14.0
11.3
12.6
11.8
778
702
750
4738
321
142
15.7
0.442
0.0300
33.2
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
15.1
12.2
13.7
12.8
719
632
692
4686
321
137
15.9
0.428
0.0292
35.8
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
14.8
12.0
13.2
12.5
732
655
709
4677
319
138
16.9
0.433
0.0295
34.9
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
15.3
12.2
14.0
13.0
715
617
685
4673
318
137
15.6
0.431
0.0293
36.2
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
18.3
14.6
17.0
15.6
589
504
570
3989
226
119
16.1
0.544
0.0296
36.8
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
18.8
14.8
17.8
16.0
583
473
556
3978
226
127
14.9
0.568
0.0312
37.8
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
19.8
15.4
19.0
16.8
566
456
528
3975
226
146
12.7
0.680
0.0372
39.4
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
20.0
15.4
19.3
17.0
563
444
524
3972
221
145
12.8
0.690
0.0372
39.9
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
19.6
15.0
18.8
16.6
579
462
537
4004
226
149
12.9
0.692
0.0377
39.2
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
18.6
14.1
17.8
15.7
613
484
567
4494
248
153
13.0
0.651
0.0342
42.2
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
18.0
13.4
17.7
15.2
643
492
585
4584
265
160
12.0
0.635
0.0350
41.7
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
19.8
14.7
19.2
16.6
603
460
536
4491
240
172
11.5
0.723
0.0384
44.5
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
19.6
14.6
18.8
16.4
606
471
543
4502
241
171
11.3
0.716
0.0380
44.2
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
19.7
14.5
19.0
16.4
610
465
541
4514
244
173
10.5
0.718
0.0384
44.6
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
19.7
14.5
18.9
16.4
612
468
541
4511
242
173
10.5
0.720
0.0384
44.6
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-39 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Ford
Truck
Van
1994
0.6%
6.2%
93.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1995
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1996
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1997
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1998
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
1999
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2005
57.1%
42.9%
100.0%
42.9%
Ford
Truck
Van
2006
62.1%
37.9%
100.0%
37.9%
Ford
Truck
Van
2007
34.6%
65.4%
100.0%
65.4%
Ford
Truck
Van
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2011
100.0%
100.0%
89.1%
Ford
Truck
Van
2012
100.0%
100.0%
91.5%
Ford
Truck
Van
2013
100.0%
100.0%
93.4%
Ford
Truck
Van
2014
100.0%
4.4%
95.6%
93.7%
93.7%
Ford
Truck
Van
2015
100.0%
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2016
100.0%
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2017
100.0%
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Van
2018
100.0%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
36.1%
63.9%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
33.6%
66.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
25.9%
74.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
21.1%
78.9%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
18.6%
81.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
28.2%
71.8%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
33.6%
66.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
28.8%
71.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
24.3%
75.7%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
22.6%
77.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
38.1%
23.5%
38.4%
94.1%
5.9%
0.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
30.2%
9.9%
59.9%
12.3%
87.7%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
37.4%
12.4%
50.3%
7.1%
92.9%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
33.7%
14.6%
51.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
28.0%
16.4%
55.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
21.6%
0.1%
78.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
12.7%
87.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
10.8%
89.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-40 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
19.6
14.3
18.7
16.2
621
475
548
4557
256
171
10.8
0.675
0.0376
44.6
78.4%
21.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.6
14.0
19.1
16.2
633
462
547
4539
261
167
11.5
0.643
0.0369
44.6
70.4%
29.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
18.7
13.4
17.9
15.4
659
495
576
4762
280
191
10.7
0.680
0.0400
44.5
71.6%
28.4%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
18.2
13.0
17.5
15.0
681
505
591
4947
287
199
11.0
0.690
0.0401
45.0
78.4%
21.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
18.1
12.8
17.5
14.9
690
507
595
5041
288
218
10.4
0.762
0.0436
45.5
75.2%
24.8%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
18.4
12.9
17.7
15.1
681
499
587
5010
288
221
9.8
0.768
0.0441
46.1
71.4%
28.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.9
14.6
19.8
17.0
602
444
522
4429
238
210
9.3
0.893
0.0477
46.4
30.7%
54.7%
14.5%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
19.6
13.6
18.5
15.9
647
478
558
4552
252
220
9.2
0.881
0.0485
44.5
63.3%
36.7%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
19.0
13.1
18.1
15.5
671
487
574
4958
267
232
9.3
0.878
0.0473
46.9
60.4%
39.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
19.2
13.3
18.0
15.6
664
490
571
4916
266
230
9.3
0.873
0.0472
47.1
3.2%
59.8%
37.1%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
20.2
13.9
18.6
16.2
624
473
547
4760
247
233
9.2
0.958
0.0487
48.1
71.9%
28.1%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
20.2
13.8
18.8
16.3
625
467
546
4947
253
236
9.3
0.943
0.0476
50.1
67.7%
32.3%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
21.1
14.4
19.8
17.0
604
445
522
4736
236
236
9.1
1.016
0.0499
50.2
72.5%
27.5%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
22.5
15.3
20.7
18.0
559
425
494
4582
47.6
220
225
9.3
1.039
0.0491
51.8
79.7%
20.3%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
24.1
16.3
22.4
19.3
531
393
461
4468
48.2
206
238
8.5
1.170
0.0535
54.2
17.7%
73.6%
8.7%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
23.1
15.8
21.3
18.5
546
411
480
4717
48.8
224
244
8.7
1.116
0.0521
54.9
8.6%
75.9%
15.5%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
24.5
16.7
22.5
19.6
521
390
454
4725
50.5
221
269
8.1
1.239
0.0573
57.9
19.5%
73.7%
6.8%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
24.8
16.9
22.6
19.8
516
387
450
4659
50.2
216
264
8.1
1.254
0.0570
57.5
19.6%
73.3%
7.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
26.1
17.6
24.1
20.8
496
362
428
4678
51.0
197
272
8.0
1.466
0.0584
61.2
22.1%
74.3%
3.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
26.2
17.6
24.2
20.8
493
361
426
4686
50.8
193
270
8.1
1.487
0.0576
61.5
21.9%
74.2%
3.8%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
26.2
17.6
24.2
20.9
496
363
426
4735
51.1
180
282
7.9
1.616
0.0594
62.1
18.7%
76.7%
4.5%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
26.1
17.5
24.1
20.7
500
363
428
4730
51.1
177
282
7.9
1.645
0.0595
61.8
17.9%
78.7%
3.4%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
26.1
17.6
24.2
20.8
498
363
427
4729
50.9
172
280
7.9
1.698
0.0590
61.8
17.5%
77.8%
4.8%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
27.2
18.3
24.7
21.4
478
356
414
4657
51.2
166
271
8.0
1.690
0.0574
63.4
15.8%
78.2%
6.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1975
12.6
9.9
11.8
10.7
848
712
831
4181
325
138
0.437
0.0328
26.9
15.5%
84.5%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1976
13.9
11.2
12.5
11.8
754
658
755
4229
332
139
0.425
0.0326
30.2
20.4%
79.6%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1977
15.9
12.7
14.9
13.6
658
557
655
4189
335
155
0.470
0.0367
34.6
20.6%
79.4%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1978
15.9
12.7
14.7
13.5
660
566
658
4216
327
147
13.6
0.455
0.0346
34.6
26.1%
73.9%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1979
14.8
12.1
13.4
12.6
697
620
703
4144
318
156
13.7
0.491
0.0370
31.5
17.5%
82.5%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1980
18.0
14.4
16.6
15.3
594
507
581
4032
287
127
15.4
0.453
0.0312
37.0
19.5%
80.5%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1981
19.3
15.3
18.1
16.4
561
470
541
3890
281
121
15.4
0.445
0.0309
38.1
12.5%
87.5%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1982
18.3
14.6
16.8
15.5
591
502
573
3972
292
126
16.1
0.441
0.0318
36.9
17.0%
83.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1983
20.3
16.1
19.0
17.3
521
437
514
3579
233
110
15.6
0.499
0.0304
37.2
19.7%
80.3%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1984
19.5
15.4
18.3
16.6
552
459
535
3768
251
119
15.1
0.492
0.0313
37.5
28.5%
71.5%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1985
20.3
16.1
19.0
17.3
524
441
513
3688
251
125
14.1
0.520
0.0337
38.2
25.8%
74.2%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1986
20.6
16.2
19.2
17.5
529
443
509
3793
249
130
13.3
0.552
0.0343
39.4
27.1%
72.9%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1987
20.9
16.4
19.5
17.7
519
433
503
3761
235
134
13.1
0.600
0.0358
39.8
29.5%
70.5%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1988
21.2
16.3
20.0
17.8
523
427
498
3791
233
134
13.3
0.602
0.0351
40.4
28.5%
71.5%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1989
20.4
15.7
19.2
17.2
545
445
518
4023
248
141
12.5
0.603
0.0352
41.4
30.9%
69.1%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1990
20.8
15.7
20.0
17.5
542
430
508
3994
245
142
11.7
0.614
0.0358
42.0
25.7%
74.3%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1991
21.0
15.7
20.1
17.6
540
427
505
3986
245
147
11.6
0.632
0.0370
42.3
24.2%
75.8%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1992
20.6
15.2
19.8
17.2
561
434
517
4178
251
145
11.7
0.609
0.0349
43.4
23.6%
76.4%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1993
21.2
15.5
20.4
17.6
552
425
504
4109
246
154
10.5
0.651
0.0375
43.8
25.1%
74.9%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1994
21.4
15.6
20.4
17.7
550
426
501
4097
240
153
10.6
0.661
0.0373
44.1
24.6%
75.4%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1995
20.3
14.7
19.5
16.8
587
444
529
4322
264
162
10.7
0.638
0.0373
44.2
30.3%
69.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-41 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
3.8%
96.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
4.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
22.1%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
12.8%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
17.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
100.0%
100.0%
16.3%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
0.3%
98.3%
1.4%
100.0%
62.1%
25.0%
1.4%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
0.2%
96.7%
3.1%
100.0%
59.5%
36.6%
3.1%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
0.2%
97.3%
2.5%
100.0%
64.3%
15.2%
2.5%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
95.7%
4.3%
100.0%
74.5%
10.2%
4.3%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
95.3%
4.7%
100.0%
85.1%
43.9%
4.7%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
98.0%
2.0%
2.5%
97.5%
76.5%
64.0%
2.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
98.8%
1.2%
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
100.0%
1.2%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
99.2%
0.8%
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.8%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
100.0%
30.7%
69.3%
100.0%
95.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
100.0%
37.3%
62.7%
100.0%
92.9%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
100.0%
52.9%
47.1%
100.0%
96.6%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
100.0%
59.4%
40.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
100.0%
64.1%
35.9%
100.0%
98.4%
Ford
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
100.0%
67.7%
32.3%
100.0%
96.9%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1975
39.6%
60.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1976
42.8%
57.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1977
38.8%
61.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1978
39.1%
60.9%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1979
33.5%
66.5%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1980
54.8%
45.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1981
53.7%
36.0%
10.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1982
45.3%
54.7%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1983
53.0%
33.4%
13.6%
98.7%
1.3%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1984
49.2%
35.0%
15.8%
99.4%
0.6%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1985
53.2%
20.8%
25.9%
74.6%
25.2%
0.2%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1986
49.3%
17.3%
33.4%
38.9%
60.9%
0.3%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1987
59.8%
19.4%
20.8%
11.8%
88.0%
0.2%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1988
61.3%
11.7%
27.0%
9.1%
90.9%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1989
62.6%
9.0%
28.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1990
45.4%
0.2%
54.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1991
49.2%
50.8%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1992
45.6%
54.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1993
46.2%
53.8%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1994
46.5%
53.5%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1995
42.0%
58.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-42 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1996
21.4
15.5
20.3
17.6
553
425
504
4065
230
147
11.5
0.675
0.0361
44.0
21.2%
78.8%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1997
21.2
15.3
19.9
17.4
566
436
510
4293
246
186
10.4
0.761
0.0428
45.7
29.9%
70.1%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1998
20.8
14.9
19.6
17.1
583
446
521
4277
244
184
10.6
0.761
0.0428
44.6
30.0%
70.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1999
20.3
14.5
19.1
16.6
604
460
535
4280
246
187
10.6
0.764
0.0433
43.5
33.9%
66.1%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2000
20.5
14.6
19.0
16.7
601
462
533
4309
247
190
10.1
0.773
0.0436
44.1
32.9%
67.1%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2001
19.8
14.0
18.2
16.0
624
483
554
4561
268
219
9.3
0.818
0.0476
45.0
37.0%
63.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2002
20.0
14.1
18.5
16.2
622
475
548
4519
262
217
9.5
0.830
0.0475
45.2
37.4%
62.6%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2003
20.0
14.1
18.3
16.1
623
480
550
4592
262
217
9.4
0.830
0.0469
46.0
35.9%
64.1%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2004
19.4
13.5
17.7
15.6
651
497
569
5140
281
245
9.4
0.868
0.0474
49.6
47.0%
53.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2005
19.1
13.2
17.5
15.4
665
503
578
5288
286
250
9.3
0.870
0.0471
50.4
46.7%
53.3%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2006
19.0
13.2
17.4
15.3
669
506
582
5369
292
256
9.4
0.875
0.0473
50.8
46.1%
53.9%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2007
19.4
13.4
17.9
15.6
655
491
568
5259
284
250
9.5
0.878
0.0471
51.0
43.1%
56.9%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2008
19.9
13.7
18.4
16.0
642
479
556
5175
63.1
277
244
9.6
0.882
0.0468
51.2
41.4%
58.6%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2009
21.0
14.5
19.2
16.8
606
457
528
5278
63.3
282
267
8.7
0.953
0.0502
55.2
47.7%
52.3%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2010
20.7
14.2
19.1
16.6
620
462
534
5486
64.7
294
280
8.6
0.954
0.0508
56.6
55.6%
44.4%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2011
21.7
15.0
20.0
17.5
586
440
509
5373
63.9
253
313
8.1
1.249
0.0573
58.4
57.7%
42.3%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2012
21.5
14.7
20.0
17.3
601
442
513
5807
68.0
262
351
7.6
1.376
0.0604
62.6
67.0%
33.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2013
21.8
14.9
20.3
17.6
595
435
506
5796
67.8
262
364
7.4
1.422
0.0628
63.2
67.0%
33.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2014
21.7
14.8
20.3
17.5
596
436
508
5787
67.9
265
362
7.4
1.396
0.0625
62.9
67.2%
32.8%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2015
23.7
16.2
21.8
19.0
544
405
468
4947
68.3
231
353
6.9
1.594
0.0713
59.1
70.9%
29.1%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2016
23.9
16.3
21.9
19.1
541
404
466
4939
68.0
227
349
6.9
1.602
0.0706
59.3
69.8%
30.2%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2017
24.4
16.6
22.3
19.5
530
395
457
4975
68.3
227
356
6.7
1.629
0.0714
61.0
71.4%
28.6%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2018
25.7
17.5
23.2
20.4
507
383
439
5016
68.2
218
373
6.1
1.795
0.0746
65.0
69.9%
30.1%
Ford
Truck
All
1975
12.5
9.9
11.8
10.7
856
721
833
4182
327
140
0.437
0.0334
26.8
13.0%
87.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1976
13.8
11.1
12.6
11.7
768
666
760
4208
332
141
0.429
0.0335
29.8
17.0%
83.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1977
15.8
12.6
14.6
13.4
669
573
661
4198
336
155
0.467
0.0368
34.1
18.7%
81.3%
Ford
Truck
All
1978
15.5
12.4
14.3
13.2
680
589
674
4239
331
147
13.6
0.450
0.0346
33.8
25.5%
74.5%
Ford
Truck
All
1979
14.0
11.4
12.6
11.9
737
656
745
4283
323
158
13.8
0.490
0.0366
30.8
20.4%
79.6%
Ford
Truck
All
1980
17.4
13.9
16.0
14.8
614
528
602
4172
294
129
15.6
0.447
0.0307
36.9
21.9%
78.1%
Ford
Truck
All
1981
18.6
14.8
17.3
15.8
579
489
561
4023
287
123
15.6
0.440
0.0305
38.0
15.5%
84.5%
Ford
Truck
All
1982
17.5
14.0
16.0
14.8
616
529
599
4151
299
128
16.5
0.435
0.0310
36.8
19.6%
80.4%
Ford
Truck
All
1983
19.1
15.2
17.8
16.3
553
465
547
3809
253
116
15.6
0.483
0.0303
37.1
20.4%
79.6%
Ford
Truck
All
1984
18.8
14.9
17.6
16.0
575
480
557
3909
258
123
15.2
0.493
0.0312
37.2
34.7%
65.3%
Ford
Truck
All
1985
19.3
15.2
18.1
16.4
554
464
542
3863
257
129
14.3
0.518
0.0331
37.9
33.6%
66.4%
Ford
Truck
All
1986
20.3
15.9
19.1
17.2
544
448
517
3923
244
132
13.6
0.575
0.0339
40.0
30.7%
69.3%
Ford
Truck
All
1987
20.4
15.8
19.3
17.3
541
441
515
3931
234
140
13.2
0.633
0.0358
40.4
29.8%
70.2%
Ford
Truck
All
1988
20.5
15.7
19.5
17.3
545
439
513
3954
233
139
13.4
0.628
0.0354
40.8
31.6%
68.4%
Ford
Truck
All
1989
20.0
15.2
19.0
16.8
565
451
528
4160
242
145
12.9
0.635
0.0350
41.9
29.2%
70.8%
Ford
Truck
All
1990
20.1
15.1
19.4
16.9
566
444
526
4137
246
147
11.9
0.634
0.0358
41.9
27.6%
72.4%
Ford
Truck
All
1991
20.4
15.2
19.7
17.1
566
441
520
4181
242
156
11.7
0.668
0.0373
43.0
40.7%
59.3%
Ford
Truck
All
1992
20.1
14.9
19.4
16.8
579
448
528
4304
246
153
11.8
0.649
0.0357
43.6
36.7%
63.3%
Ford
Truck
All
1993
20.8
15.2
20.1
17.3
569
433
513
4232
238
159
10.8
0.690
0.0375
44.2
6.7%
31.7%
61.6%
Ford
Truck
All
1994
20.7
15.2
19.9
17.2
571
438
516
4246
240
159
10.7
0.681
0.0373
44.2
3.7%
35.5%
60.8%
Ford
Truck
All
1995
20.6
14.9
20.0
17.1
585
436
519
4312
253
159
11.1
0.645
0.0368
44.7
25.8%
33.0%
41.2%
Ford
Truck
All
1996
20.8
15.0
20.1
17.2
581
433
516
4249
241
162
11.3
0.694
0.0382
44.5
19.8%
30.3%
49.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-43 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1996
49.1%
50.9%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1997
29.1%
70.9%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1998
27.7%
72.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
1999
21.0%
79.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2000
21.9%
78.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2001
12.2%
87.8%
100.0%
2.6%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2002
12.2%
87.8%
100.0%
6.5%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2003
12.1%
87.9%
100.0%
5.3%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2004
6.5%
93.5%
100.0%
45.3%
42.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2005
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
50.1%
47.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2006
4.7%
95.3%
100.0%
57.0%
53.2%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2007
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
53.1%
61.4%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2008
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
51.4%
49.4%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2009
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
74.3%
54.7%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2010
1.2%
98.8%
100.0%
80.7%
21.7%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2011
2.6%
97.4%
23.7%
76.3%
85.1%
79.2%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2012
100.0%
38.5%
61.5%
95.8%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2013
100.0%
38.3%
61.7%
96.8%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2014
100.0%
33.0%
67.0%
96.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2015
100.0%
58.2%
41.8%
100.0%
68.0%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2016
100.0%
57.4%
42.6%
100.0%
70.2%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2017
100.0%
57.6%
42.4%
100.0%
70.1%
Ford
Truck
Pickup
2018
100.0%
4.3%
91.3%
4.4%
100.0%
71.8%
Ford
Truck
All
1975
37.6%
62.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1976
38.5%
61.5%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1977
33.9%
66.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1978
33.4%
66.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1979
29.4%
70.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1980
48.2%
51.8%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1981
48.3%
43.4%
8.3%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1982
37.4%
62.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1983
43.7%
39.3%
17.0%
99.0%
1.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1984
38.6%
44.5%
16.9%
99.6%
0.4%
Ford
Truck
All
1985
43.1%
24.9%
32.0%
82.0%
17.9%
0.1%
Ford
Truck
All
1986
36.6%
17.2%
46.2%
36.6%
63.2%
0.2%
Ford
Truck
All
1987
40.9%
18.9%
40.3%
9.4%
90.5%
0.1%
Ford
Truck
All
1988
44.1%
14.1%
41.8%
5.7%
94.3%
Ford
Truck
All
1989
39.4%
12.6%
48.0%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1990
31.1%
2.7%
66.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1991
30.0%
1.6%
68.4%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1992
28.6%
1.3%
70.1%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1993
25.8%
1.4%
72.8%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1994
29.5%
1.2%
69.2%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1995
19.2%
1.2%
79.5%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1996
21.2%
1.1%
77.7%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-44 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Ford
Truck
All
1997
20.2
14.5
19.2
16.7
598
454
533
4461
255
186
10.6
0.737
0.0416
45.3
5.0%
40.5%
54.5%
Ford
Truck
All
1998
20.2
14.3
19.3
16.6
607
453
536
4485
255
190
10.8
0.752
0.0423
45.3
19.7%
39.1%
41.2%
Ford
Truck
All
1999
19.7
13.9
18.8
16.2
628
468
550
4578
258
199
10.6
0.777
0.0434
45.0
14.4%
40.3%
45.4%
Ford
Truck
All
2000
19.9
14.1
18.8
16.3
623
466
545
4589
259
202
10.0
0.785
0.0438
45.7
15.7%
39.7%
44.6%
Ford
Truck
All
2001
19.8
14.0
18.5
16.2
626
473
550
4628
262
219
9.4
0.842
0.0473
45.9
11.3%
42.3%
46.5%
Ford
Truck
All
2002
20.0
14.0
18.7
16.2
628
471
547
4540
255
216
9.4
0.856
0.0476
45.4
9.1%
45.0%
45.9%
Ford
Truck
All
2003
19.8
13.7
18.4
16.0
637
476
555
4752
262
222
9.5
0.853
0.0468
47.0
8.7%
42.5%
48.8%
Ford
Truck
All
2004
19.5
13.5
18.0
15.7
652
489
565
5010
273
236
9.4
0.865
0.0470
48.6
7.7%
48.4%
43.9%
Ford
Truck
All
2005
20.0
13.8
18.4
16.1
633
477
553
4993
264
238
9.3
0.910
0.0475
49.9
8.9%
52.1%
38.9%
Ford
Truck
All
2006
19.8
13.6
18.3
15.9
639
479
558
5117
271
243
9.4
0.905
0.0473
50.7
7.8%
49.6%
42.7%
Ford
Truck
All
2007
20.2
13.9
18.7
16.3
629
467
546
5028
263
242
9.4
0.931
0.0480
50.9
5.0%
51.2%
43.8%
Ford
Truck
All
2008
21.0
14.4
19.5
16.9
601
450
526
4900
56.2
251
237
9.4
0.963
0.0483
51.6
3.2%
56.7%
40.1%
Ford
Truck
All
2009
22.1
15.1
20.4
17.7
574
429
501
4955
57.3
252
256
8.6
1.040
0.0516
54.8
7.8%
57.5%
34.8%
Ford
Truck
All
2010
21.8
15.0
20.0
17.5
579
437
508
5127
58.3
262
261
CO
CO
1.020
0.0508
55.9
7.4%
60.4%
32.2%
Ford
Truck
All
2011
22.9
15.8
21.0
18.4
552
416
484
5060
58.2
236
289
8.2
1.240
0.0566
58.0
11.0%
61.8%
27.3%
Ford
Truck
All
2012
23.1
15.8
21.3
18.5
551
411
479
5200
59.4
235
302
8.1
1.308
0.0577
59.9
13.6%
65.9%
20.6%
Ford
Truck
All
2013
23.8
16.1
22.0
19.0
540
395
467
5213
59.5
228
314
7.8
1.429
0.0599
61.9
13.4%
67.8%
18.7%
Ford
Truck
All
2014
23.8
16.1
22.1
19.1
538
394
466
5217
59.4
228
313
7.8
1.428
0.0596
62.1
13.3%
68.2%
18.4%
Ford
Truck
All
2015
25.2
17.0
23.2
20.1
514
379
443
4801
58.9
202
309
7.5
1.581
0.0639
60.7
14.0%
70.1%
15.9%
Ford
Truck
All
2016
25.1
17.0
23.1
20.0
517
380
445
4803
59.0
200
309
7.5
1.601
0.0639
60.5
12.9%
70.7%
16.4%
Ford
Truck
All
2017
25.5
17.2
23.5
20.3
508
374
438
4805
57.3
192
305
7.5
1.654
0.0630
61.4
13.2%
73.0%
13.9%
Ford
Truck
All
2018
26.4
17.9
23.9
20.9
492
369
427
4830
60.1
193
322
7.1
1.729
0.0659
64.1
9.5%
71.7%
18.8%
Ford
All
All
1975
13.5
10.5
13.0
11.5
789
641
773
4212
314
140
0.459
0.0328
29.0
3.3%
96.7%
Ford
All
All
1976
15.7
12.5
14.6
13.4
678
572
665
4251
313
134
0.439
0.0312
34.0
4.8%
95.2%
Ford
All
All
1977
16.3
12.9
15.3
13.9
661
557
641
4312
326
147
0.461
0.0340
35.6
5.5%
94.5%
Ford
All
All
1978
17.5
13.7
16.8
14.9
609
498
595
3990
295
135
13.8
0.477
0.0336
35.4
3.3%
7.6%
89.1%
Ford
All
All
1979
17.3
13.7
16.3
14.8
613
505
602
3812
270
131
14.3
0.506
0.0340
33.5
2.2%
5.9%
91.9%
Ford
All
All
1980
20.8
16.3
19.8
17.7
528
427
502
3459
230
112
15.2
0.517
0.0323
36.0
4.4%
6.0%
89.6%
Ford
All
All
1981
21.6
16.9
20.6
18.4
502
405
483
3371
218
108
15.3
0.554
0.0322
36.6
19.9%
5.0%
75.2%
Ford
All
All
1982
22.1
17.2
21.3
18.8
488
383
472
3350
211
105
16.8
0.547
0.0311
37.4
30.8%
5.3%
63.9%
Ford
All
All
1983
21.9
17.0
21.2
18.7
497
392
476
3428
221
110
15.1
0.537
0.0319
37.9
19.2%
7.4%
73.4%
Ford
All
All
1984
22.8
17.7
22.0
19.4
473
379
458
3419
217
111
14.8
0.551
0.0324
39.6
29.9%
11.1%
59.1%
Ford
All
All
1985
23.4
18.2
22.6
20.0
458
366
445
3406
216
122
13.7
0.603
0.0355
40.6
29.5%
10.4%
60.1%
Ford
All
All
1986
23.9
18.4
23.2
20.3
461
364
438
3475
210
123
13.1
0.627
0.0354
41.9
33.9%
11.3%
54.8%
Ford
All
All
1987
24.0
18.3
23.5
20.4
466
359
436
3476
203
124
13.3
0.645
0.0354
42.1
40.8%
10.3%
48.9%
Ford
All
All
1988
24.4
18.4
23.8
20.6
458
355
431
3488
204
130
13.0
0.676
0.0372
42.9
40.3%
10.6%
49.0%
Ford
All
All
1989
24.2
18.2
23.7
20.4
467
359
435
3571
204
128
12.8
0.671
0.0358
43.6
44.1%
9.8%
46.0%
Ford
All
All
1990
23.7
17.6
23.2
19.9
484
367
447
3669
214
134
11.8
0.664
0.0365
43.7
40.7%
10.0%
49.3%
Ford
All
All
1991
24.2
17.8
23.6
20.2
476
359
439
3626
205
142
11.6
0.719
0.0388
44.2
43.9%
14.7%
41.4%
Ford
All
All
1992
23.5
17.2
23.1
19.7
498
370
452
3793
219
149
11.2
0.700
0.0393
44.9
36.9%
14.4%
48.6%
Ford
All
All
1993
24.5
17.7
23.9
20.4
480
356
436
3678
206
145
10.6
0.725
0.0391
45.3
44.1%
12.3%
43.6%
Ford
All
All
1994
23.7
17.1
23.2
19.7
498
366
450
3792
217
150
10.4
0.713
0.0394
45.3
36.0%
15.5%
48.4%
Ford
All
All
1995
24.0
17.1
23.7
19.9
497
358
446
3791
218
152
10.6
0.727
0.0399
45.9
48.9%
14.7%
36.4%
Ford
All
All
1996
23.3
16.5
22.8
19.2
522
377
462
3871
218
159
10.8
0.757
0.0412
45.3
42.5%
15.0%
42.5%
Ford
All
All
1997
22.8
16.2
22.1
18.8
528
385
473
3992
226
172
10.5
0.774
0.0427
45.7
33.1%
22.0%
44.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-45 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Ford
Truck
All
1997
16.4%
83.6%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1998
12.1%
87.9%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
1999
10.4%
89.6%
100.0%
1.4%
Ford
Truck
All
2000
10.5%
89.5%
100.0%
Ford
Truck
All
2001
6.8%
93.2%
100.0%
8.7%
Ford
Truck
All
2002
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
8.6%
Ford
Truck
All
2003
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
10.0%
Ford
Truck
All
2004
3.4%
96.6%
100.0%
30.1%
21.9%
Ford
Truck
All
2005
2.4%
91.4%
6.2%
100.0%
53.4%
33.0%
0.5%
Ford
Truck
All
2006
2.5%
91.6%
5.8%
100.0%
55.5%
40.8%
1.1%
Ford
Truck
All
2007
3.0%
92.0%
5.0%
100.0%
57.5%
42.6%
0.8%
Ford
Truck
All
2008
2.7%
95.6%
1.7%
100.0%
63.2%
31.0%
1.7%
Ford
Truck
All
2009
1.8%
96.3%
1.8%
100.0%
78.8%
51.1%
1.8%
Ford
Truck
All
2010
0.7%
98.6%
0.7%
0.9%
99.1%
80.0%
35.8%
0.7%
Ford
Truck
All
2011
1.5%
98.0%
0.5%
14.3%
85.7%
91.1%
84.3%
0.5%
Ford
Truck
All
2012
99.7%
0.3%
21.9%
78.1%
97.3%
94.3%
0.3%
Ford
Truck
All
2013
100.0%
33.4%
66.6%
98.1%
94.0%
Ford
Truck
All
2014
100.0%
34.0%
66.0%
97.9%
96.5%
Ford
Truck
All
2015
100.0%
52.7%
47.3%
100.0%
84.0%
Ford
Truck
All
2016
100.0%
55.8%
44.2%
100.0%
86.1%
Ford
Truck
All
2017
100.0%
59.7%
40.3%
100.0%
88.1%
Ford
Truck
All
2018
100.0%
33.0%
64.7%
2.3%
100.0%
84.0%
Ford
All
All
1975
19.7%
80.3%
100.0%
Ford
All
All
1976
18.7%
81.3%
100.0%
Ford
All
All
1977
14.7%
85.3%
100.0%
Ford
All
All
1978
19.1%
80.9%
100.0%
Ford
All
All
1979
20.1%
79.9%
100.0%
Ford
All
All
1980
33.0%
56.5%
10.5%
99.1%
0.9%
Ford
All
All
1981
33.6%
48.8%
17.6%
96.6%
3.4%
Ford
All
All
1982
33.2%
34.9%
31.9%
96.8%
3.2%
Ford
All
All
1983
29.9%
28.3%
41.8%
81.2%
1.5%
17.0%
0.4%
Ford
All
All
1984
26.7%
33.5%
39.9%
64.8%
12.4%
21.5%
1.3%
Ford
All
All
1985
28.3%
28.1%
43.6%
46.4%
7.2%
46.0%
0.4%
Ford
All
All
1986
28.3%
23.7%
48.0%
31.0%
47.8%
20.9%
0.3%
Ford
All
All
1987
27.9%
25.2%
46.9%
3.3%
65.1%
31.5%
0.2%
Ford
All
All
1988
28.8%
22.1%
49.0%
4.7%
81.0%
14.3%
Ford
All
All
1989
26.2%
20.8%
53.0%
1.3%
89.8%
8.8%
Ford
All
All
1990
19.7%
16.6%
63.6%
93.7%
6.3%
Ford
All
All
1991
20.9%
9.5%
69.7%
100.0%
Ford
All
All
1992
16.9%
10.3%
72.8%
100.0%
Ford
All
All
1993
19.2%
8.0%
72.8%
100.0%
Ford
All
All
1994
20.6%
6.0%
73.4%
100.0%
4.2%
Ford
All
All
1995
16.5%
0.6%
83.0%
100.0%
10.5%
4.9%
Ford
All
All
1996
15.6%
0.6%
83.9%
100.0%
13.9%
6.3%
Ford
All
All
1997
13.0%
87.0%
100.0%
6.8%
2.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-46 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Ford
All
All
1998
22.8
16.0
22.1
18.7
534
385
474
3982
223
173
10.7
0.795
0.0433
45.5
41.7%
20.8%
37.6%
Ford
All
All
1999
22.6
15.8
21.8
18.5
543
390
480
4034
225
181
10.4
0.827
0.0450
45.7
40.5%
20.5%
39.0%
Ford
All
All
2000
22.8
15.9
21.8
18.6
539
392
477
4030
226
187
9.8
0.844
0.0463
46.2
38.9%
19.4%
41.6%
Ford
All
All
2001
22.4
15.6
21.2
18.2
552
403
488
4102
231
197
9.4
0.868
0.0478
46.0
36.4%
22.3%
41.3%
Ford
All
All
2002
22.3
15.5
21.0
18.1
557
409
491
4107
227
198
9.4
0.887
0.0481
46.0
34.1%
26.7%
39.2%
Ford
All
All
2003
22.1
15.2
20.7
17.8
566
415
498
4284
236
206
9.3
0.889
0.0483
47.3
31.3%
25.1%
43.6%
Ford
All
All
2004
21.1
14.5
19.7
17.0
599
439
522
4595
253
222
9.2
0.885
0.0486
48.2
22.1%
33.1%
44.8%
Ford
All
All
2005
22.6
15.5
20.8
18.1
554
411
490
4391
232
214
9.2
0.946
0.0488
49.6
34.4%
30.6%
35.0%
Ford
All
All
2006
22.5
15.3
20.9
18.0
559
410
493
4467
236
221
9.1
0.957
0.0495
50.2
35.3%
28.5%
36.2%
Ford
All
All
2007
23.5
15.9
21.9
18.9
535
388
471
4295
223
216
9.1
0.993
0.0502
50.7
41.0%
26.1%
33.0%
Ford
All
All
2008
24.1
16.3
22.5
19.3
520
380
460
4283
51.1
219
221
9.0
1.039
0.0518
52.0
41.1%
28.5%
30.4%
Ford
All
All
2009
25.8
17.3
23.8
20.5
490
358
434
4200
50.7
209
224
8.6
1.096
0.0531
54.4
50.0%
27.1%
22.9%
Ford
All
All
2010
25.6
17.3
23.6
20.4
485
360
435
4367
51.9
218
231
8.6
1.088
0.0530
56.4
47.6%
30.8%
21.7%
Ford
All
All
2011
26.4
17.9
24.3
21.0
474
351
423
4375
52.1
208
253
8.2
1.220
0.0571
58.2
47.4%
32.6%
20.0%
Ford
All
All
2012
28.7
19.2
26.2
22.7
0
0
392
4153
50.9
189
240
8.1
1.276
0.0572
60.0
59.4%
27.8%
12.8%
Ford
All
All
2013
28.1
18.8
25.8
22.2
0
0
400
4488
53.4
190
265
8.0
1.432
0.0581
64.7
50.9%
36.3%
12.8%
Ford
All
All
2014
28.7
19.2
26.4
22.7
0
0
391
4335
52.4
183
254
8.0
1.435
0.0577
63.5
53.5%
32.8%
13.7%
Ford
All
All
2015
28.9
19.3
26.6
22.8
0
0
389
4272
53.1
176
263
7.8
1.535
0.0606
63.4
47.0%
38.4%
14.6%
Ford
All
All
2016
28.9
19.2
26.6
22.8
0
0
389
4269
53.3
173
261
7.8
1.544
0.0601
63.6
46.2%
39.9%
14.0%
Ford
All
All
2017
28.9
19.3
26.6
22.9
0
0
388
4360
52.5
166
262
7.9
1.629
0.0592
65.9
45.7%
42.2%
12.1%
Ford
All
All
2018
28.9
19.3
26.1
22.7
0
0
392
4463
55.2
172
281
7.6
1.683
0.0617
66.2
37.2%
47.4%
15.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
15.8
12.4
15.1
13.5
679
558
659
4044
283
137
0.509
0.0334
32.3
2.9%
97.1%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
16.8
13.1
16.1
14.3
642
528
619
3991
280
132
0.485
0.0325
33.9
1.7%
98.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
16.7
12.9
16.1
14.2
647
525
626
4069
115.4
287
133
0.484
0.0322
34.2
1975
3951
1.8%
98.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
19.1
14.8
18.5
16.3
558
455
547
3649
108.6
246
123
13.9
0.544
0.0332
35.2
2152
3821
12.1%
87.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
21.0
16.4
20.2
17.9
510
419
496
3387
107.1
218
110
15.1
0.555
0.0321
35.7
2316
3831
26.4%
73.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
22.7
17.7
21.8
19.4
473
389
459
3075
102.3
183
89
16.8
0.543
0.0290
35.1
2392
3588
38.8%
4.1%
57.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
26.1
20.3
25.2
22.2
421
336
400
2833
104.7
158
92
15.6
0.622
0.0325
37.2
2816
3892
67.7%
1.9%
30.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
26.9
21.0
25.9
22.9
407
330
387
2942
106.5
167
94
16.8
0.607
0.0321
39.8
2952
4241
70.4%
2.9%
26.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
28.4
22.4
26.7
24.2
376
316
368
2843
106.6
155
90
15.7
0.623
0.0316
40.9
3147
4346
78.2%
3.5%
18.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
28.5
22.3
27.2
24.3
382
315
366
2790
105.3
143
92
15.3
0.672
0.0326
40.1
3095
4219
88.4%
1.9%
9.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
28.1
21.9
27.0
23.9
393
321
371
2881
106.9
150
106
13.9
0.745
0.0365
40.7
3065
4347
88.1%
0.1%
11.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
28.5
22.3
27.0
24.2
386
320
367
2883
106.3
148
104
13.6
0.741
0.0359
41.4
3102
4402
89.6%
0.7%
9.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
27.7
21.3
26.3
23.4
408
331
380
2897
106.0
153
106
13.5
0.734
0.0367
40.2
2973
4259
88.1%
0.3%
11.5%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
28.5
21.6
27.4
24.0
401
320
370
2956
107.2
152
109
13.7
0.733
0.0367
42.2
3091
4521
93.5%
0.2%
6.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
28.0
20.9
27.4
23.6
415
321
377
3073
106.8
151
111
13.1
0.746
0.0361
43.3
3030
4612
97.3%
0.3%
2.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
27.3
20.2
26.8
22.9
433
330
387
3214
106.3
161
124
11.7
0.785
0.0384
44.0
2921
4674
99.7%
0.0%
0.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
27.4
20.4
26.3
22.9
429
336
388
3189
106.4
161
126
11.7
0.795
0.0392
43.8
2941
4662
97.6%
2.0%
0.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
27.7
20.5
26.3
23.0
428
336
386
3172
105.4
163
126
11.4
0.786
0.0393
44.0
2938
4633
97.4%
2.3%
0.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
27.9
20.2
27.0
23.1
432
326
384
3178
108.4
169
133
10.4
0.791
0.0414
44.4
3042
4813
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
26.2
18.8
25.8
21.8
465
343
408
3361
111.7
180
146
10.0
0.802
0.0427
44.1
2942
4930
99.6%
0.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
28.1
19.9
27.9
23.3
440
315
382
3206
108.8
157
153
9.5
0.999
0.0475
45.1
3088
4914
99.0%
0.7%
0.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
27.2
19.0
27.3
22.5
461
323
394
3333
110.2
158
164
9.6
1.070
0.0495
45.3
3023
5007
99.5%
0.2%
0.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
27.1
18.7
27.5
22.4
468
320
396
3355
110.5
159
163
9.8
1.034
0.0483
45.6
3027
5047
99.5%
0.2%
0.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
28.3
19.4
28.4
23.3
453
310
382
3230
108.0
144
154
10.2
1.069
0.0476
45.8
3083
4950
99.8%
0.1%
0.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-47 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Ford
All
All
1998
11.5%
88.5%
100.0%
13.2%
8.8%
Ford
All
All
1999
9.8%
90.2%
100.0%
17.6%
6.6%
Ford
All
All
2000
10.3%
89.7%
100.0%
15.3%
3.8%
Ford
All
All
2001
7.5%
92.5%
100.0%
19.0%
5.7%
Ford
All
All
2002
6.9%
93.1%
100.0%
20.2%
5.4%
Ford
All
All
2003
7.1%
92.9%
100.0%
20.3%
6.2%
Ford
All
All
2004
5.0%
95.0%
100.0%
32.2%
19.0%
Ford
All
All
2005
5.0%
89.7%
5.3%
100.0%
55.4%
31.1%
0.4%
Ford
All
All
2006
5.2%
89.0%
5.8%
100.0%
59.2%
41.0%
1.0%
Ford
All
All
2007
6.4%
90.2%
3.3%
100.0%
65.4%
29.6%
0.7%
Ford
All
All
2008
5.1%
93.1%
1.9%
100.0%
74.0%
17.4%
1.9%
Ford
All
All
2009
4.0%
94.0%
2.1%
100.0%
84.8%
36.9%
2.1%
Ford
All
All
2010
2.4%
95.0%
2.6%
1.0%
99.0%
85.7%
54.6%
2.6%
Ford
All
All
2011
3.2%
95.2%
1.6%
7.6%
92.4%
92.9%
83.8%
1.6%
Ford
All
All
2012
3.6%
1.5%
93.5%
1.5%
27.8%
72.2%
98.9%
97.3%
1.5%
Ford
All
All
2013
2.8%
3.9%
89.1%
4.1%
39.9%
60.0%
99.0%
96.4%
4.1%
Ford
All
All
2014
3.3%
6.6%
86.7%
3.4%
44.5%
55.4%
99.0%
97.6%
3.4%
Ford
All
All
2015
3.2%
5.1%
88.5%
3.2%
51.3%
48.6%
99.9%
90.7%
3.2%
Ford
All
All
2016
2.9%
10.4%
83.8%
2.9%
53.7%
46.2%
99.9%
92.5%
2.9%
Ford
All
All
2017
2.9%
6.8%
85.7%
4.5%
59.8%
40.1%
99.9%
93.2%
4.5%
Ford
All
All
2018
3.2%
5.0%
88.1%
3.7%
42.1%
56.4%
1.5%
100.0%
89.8%
3.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
13.3%
86.7%
99.6%
0.4%
51.9%
30.7%
17.5%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
13.4%
86.6%
99.9%
0.1%
51.2%
37.4%
11.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
11.0%
89.0%
99.8%
0.2%
40.6%
43.3%
16.1%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
17.7%
32.0%
50.2%
99.6%
0.4%
55.0%
40.0%
5.0%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
18.9%
31.8%
45.5%
3.8%
99.6%
0.4%
45.9%
43.5%
10.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
23.6%
27.5%
42.8%
6.1%
98.8%
1.2%
63.6%
32.9%
3.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
30.1%
50.8%
14.3%
4.9%
96.6%
2.7%
0.7%
53.3%
45.4%
1.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
20.3%
56.0%
19.2%
4.5%
97.8%
1.9%
0.3%
41.7%
58.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
24.9%
56.9%
15.4%
2.8%
84.8%
1.4%
13.8%
48.3%
51.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
26.8%
62.7%
10.5%
66.4%
9.4%
24.2%
56.8%
43.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
19.9%
67.0%
13.0%
52.7%
16.2%
31.1%
45.1%
54.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
19.2%
68.8%
12.0%
31.9%
18.2%
49.8%
43.0%
57.0%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
17.2%
51.6%
31.2%
37.8%
17.4%
44.8%
48.3%
51.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
13.8%
9.2%
77.0%
11.6%
27.6%
60.7%
51.0%
45.4%
3.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
13.8%
8.5%
77.7%
1.7%
44.2%
54.2%
0.6%
50.3%
45.7%
4.0%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
13.9%
1.4%
84.6%
61.6%
38.4%
8.1%
51.5%
38.9%
9.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
15.6%
0.9%
83.5%
62.4%
37.6%
15.6%
46.5%
43.7%
9.8%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
16.1%
0.6%
83.3%
60.9%
39.1%
7.4%
54.1%
38.3%
7.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
12.4%
1.2%
86.4%
67.0%
33.0%
19.2%
45.6%
30.6%
23.8%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
7.5%
0.3%
92.2%
71.0%
29.0%
28.2%
36.9%
19.0%
44.0%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
14.0%
0.1%
85.9%
97.1%
2.9%
75.7%
0.1%
54.1%
16.7%
29.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
9.7%
0.0%
90.3%
100.0%
88.2%
0.0%
45.9%
23.6%
30.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
7.8%
92.2%
100.0%
92.6%
0.1%
43.0%
25.3%
31.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%
99.8%
50.5%
31.9%
17.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-48 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
26.9
18.3
27.0
22.1
480
327
401
3516
113.2
163
185
9.5
1.128
0.0523
47.4
3071
5390
99.1%
0.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
27.6
18.9
26.8
22.5
464
330
395
3394
112.2
154
173
9.4
1.117
0.0505
46.8
3114
5268
99.4%
0.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
27.6
18.9
26.2
22.3
465
337
398
3454
113.2
157
174
9.3
1.101
0.0501
47.7
3141
5413
99.2%
0.8%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
26.9
18.3
25.6
21.7
480
345
409
3475
113.5
159
191
9.0
1.192
0.0545
46.9
3071
5320
99.3%
0.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
28.4
19.3
26.4
22.7
453
333
391
3373
112.4
150
167
9.4
1.110
0.0492
48.2
3223
5415
99.2%
0.8%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
27.4
18.6
25.5
21.9
471
345
405
3623
117.5
165
197
8.7
1.200
0.0542
49.6
3221
5860
89.8%
9.2%
0.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
26.5
17.8
24.8
21.2
488
354
419
3757
120.0
186
214
8.4
1.177
0.0565
49.8
3195
6019
63.1%
7.0%
29.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
25.4
17.0
24.0
20.4
516
368
436
3950
125.4
212
244
7.9
1.193
0.0615
50.3
3196
6323
45.1%
5.5%
49.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
27.1
18.3
25.0
21.6
473
352
412
3825
116.3
186
223
8.2
1.249
0.0577
52.2
3178
6064
64.5%
7.0%
28.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
27.8
18.6
25.9
22.1
469
340
401
3789
47.7
113.4
177
208
CO
CO
1.195
0.0543
53.0
3190
6014
63.7%
3.4%
32.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
27.5
18.4
25.6
21.9
472
343
405
3838
48.1
116.1
194
226
8.3
1.204
0.0579
53.2
3253
6174
50.9%
1.7%
47.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
27.8
18.5
26.1
22.2
471
338
401
3840
48.9
115.2
194
224
8.4
1.168
0.0574
53.6
3249
6177
47.2%
1.8%
51.0%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
28.3
18.5
27.2
22.6
472
325
393
3881
49.1
114.7
208
254
7.6
1.240
0.0643
55.1
3286
6319
58.8%
2.0%
39.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
30.0
19.5
28.7
23.9
443
306
372
3707
47.7
111.2
189
232
8.1
1.229
0.0607
55.7
3370
6202
61.8%
2.1%
36.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
30.8
20.1
29.3
24.5
0
0
363
3720
47.7
111.7
181
226
8.1
1.283
0.0593
58.5
3535
6510
68.2%
3.7%
28.1%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
29.3
19.0
28.2
23.4
0
0
379
3896
49.4
115.5
203
258
7.5
1.313
0.0649
58.5
3492
6712
47.5%
9.7%
42.8%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
32.2
20.6
31.4
25.6
0
0
346
3747
48.0
113.8
187
241
7.3
1.303
0.0627
62.8
3842
7079
61.2%
8.0%
30.8%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
30.0
19.3
29.6
24.1
0
0
368
3932
49.9
115.4
217
283
6.8
1.320
0.0702
61.4
3641
7021
40.4%
9.3%
50.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
29.3
18.9
29.2
23.7
0
0
373
4023
50.1
111.7
231
305
6.5
1.415
0.0742
64.3
3569
7011
15.3%
16.7%
68.0%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
27.6
17.8
27.4
22.3
0
0
398
4157
51.3
114.4
244
344
6.0
1.487
0.0815
59.4
3282
6749
6.5%
18.8%
74.7%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1975
14.5
11.5
13.6
12.4
759
644
718
4000
303
139
0.458
0.0347
29.5
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1976
16.5
12.5
16.6
14.1
702
532
631
4000
298
139
0.466
0.0348
33.2
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1977
16.4
12.9
15.5
13.9
685
571
638
4000
276
128
0.459
0.0319
32.9
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1978
16.4
13.2
14.9
13.9
669
593
638
4000
296
137
13.6
0.465
0.0343
33.0
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1979
20.3
17.1
17.4
17.2
518
509
516
2837
133
84
17.6
0.647
0.0294
28.8
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1980
17.6
14.3
15.9
15.0
617
559
593
4000
279
123
16.1
0.442
0.0308
35.4
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1981
17.3
13.7
16.1
14.7
648
553
605
4000
318
140
14.3
0.440
0.0350
34.5
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1982
23.6
20.7
19.1
19.9
429
466
446
2500
151
84
17.5
0.556
0.0336
29.5
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1983
23.2
20.4
18.7
19.6
436
476
454
2500
151
87
15.6
0.580
0.0350
29.0
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1984
18.4
15.8
15.3
15.6
550
571
571
3472
220
105
15.8
0.500
0.0312
31.6
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1985
23.4
18.6
21.9
19.9
474
401
446
3000
158
107
14.1
0.678
0.0356
35.5
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1986
22.7
18.0
20.9
19.2
490
419
463
3405
164
116
13.8
0.710
0.0341
38.9
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1987
21.1
16.0
20.8
17.9
545
422
495
3424
223
159
11.1
0.719
0.0463
36.5
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1988
21.1
15.9
20.9
17.9
556
422
497
3464
232
167
10.9
0.722
0.0482
36.8
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1989
20.9
15.5
20.6
17.6
570
430
505
3481
237
174
10.3
0.734
0.0499
36.4
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1990
21.2
15.7
20.8
17.8
563
427
499
3474
237
173
9.6
0.734
0.0499
36.8
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1991
20.6
15.1
20.4
17.3
585
434
513
3486
239
179
9.5
0.747
0.0512
36.0
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1992
20.6
15.1
20.2
17.3
586
439
515
3492
240
189
9.0
0.786
0.0541
36.1
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1993
19.3
14.0
19.0
16.1
632
467
551
3904
264
197
CO
CO
0.753
0.0505
37.7
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1994
20.9
15.1
20.6
17.4
586
432
509
3668
236
186
8.7
0.791
0.0508
38.4
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1995
19.5
14.0
19.0
16.2
633
468
549
3763
242
190
9.0
0.785
0.0507
36.6
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1996
20.7
14.8
20.2
17.1
599
441
518
3738
238
187
9.5
0.789
0.0502
38.7
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1997
20.4
14.5
19.8
16.9
613
447
527
3882
248
188
9.6
0.762
0.0487
39.6
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1998
20.8
14.6
20.1
17.1
606
441
520
3836
244
187
9.9
0.768
0.0490
39.9
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1999
21.6
15.2
20.7
17.7
584
429
502
3830
240
192
9.7
0.799
0.0502
41.4
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-49 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
3.0%
0.1%
96.9%
100.0%
99.8%
0.2%
28.3%
25.4%
46.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%
99.8%
0.1%
41.0%
22.3%
36.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
99.8%
0.1%
55.6%
18.5%
25.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
99.8%
0.3%
52.6%
21.1%
26.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
99.6%
0.4%
65.6%
17.5%
16.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
100.0%
43.1%
27.5%
29.5%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
5.0%
0.2%
94.8%
100.0%
87.8%
0.2%
42.4%
24.9%
32.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
1.6%
0.3%
98.1%
100.0%
80.1%
0.3%
22.9%
21.7%
55.4%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
2.1%
0.1%
69.8%
27.9%
100.0%
87.6%
39.3%
47.3%
16.2%
36.5%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
1.7%
0.4%
84.4%
13.4%
100.0%
94.1%
39.2%
18.9%
49.0%
32.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
5.4%
0.8%
77.0%
16.8%
100.0%
83.6%
51.2%
25.2%
38.8%
36.0%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
3.5%
0.4%
83.6%
12.6%
100.0%
88.7%
49.9%
32.2%
29.5%
38.3%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
2.7%
82.9%
14.4%
100.0%
85.0%
86.8%
29.7%
39.7%
30.5%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
6.6%
0.5%
90.5%
2.3%
100.0%
89.5%
97.7%
18.7%
53.1%
28.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
8.0%
3.1%
88.9%
99.6%
90.0%
98.9%
10.3%
66.8%
22.9%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
4.6%
95.4%
2.7%
96.6%
86.1%
99.3%
9.8%
51.1%
39.2%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
4.7%
95.3%
2.1%
96.6%
88.9%
98.7%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
4.9%
95.1%
2.0%
96.9%
80.1%
98.8%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
4.6%
95.4%
9.1%
87.6%
73.3%
89.6%
FCA
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
5.0%
95.0%
10.6%
88.4%
71.7%
91.9%
10.5%
32.6%
57.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1975
19.9%
80.1%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1976
17.3%
82.7%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1977
13.3%
86.7%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1978
12.9%
87.1%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1979
0.7%
93.0%
6.3%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1980
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1981
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1982
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1983
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1984
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1985
39.2%
60.8%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1986
33.4%
66.6%
60.8%
39.1%
0.1%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1987
27.5%
72.5%
79.3%
20.7%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1988
18.7%
81.3%
89.6%
10.4%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1989
16.4%
83.6%
94.9%
5.1%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1990
16.4%
83.6%
94.1%
5.9%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1991
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1992
16.6%
83.4%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1993
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1994
13.2%
86.8%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1995
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1996
8.3%
91.7%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1997
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1998
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
1999
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-50 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2000
21.1
14.8
20.0
17.2
600
444
516
3913
247
199
9.2
0.804
0.0508
41.3
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2001
21.1
14.6
20.1
17.2
607
442
517
3846
247
197
8.9
0.799
0.0514
40.5
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2002
20.2
13.9
19.3
16.5
639
460
540
4000
244
198
9.3
0.811
0.0494
40.4
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2003
22.0
15.4
20.1
17.7
577
442
502
4000
232
204
9.1
0.885
0.0511
44.0
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2004
22.5
15.3
21.2
18.2
579
419
489
4000
224
209
9.0
0.932
0.0522
45.0
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2005
22.1
15.1
20.3
17.7
587
438
502
4000
224
209
8.9
0.931
0.0521
44.2
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2006
22.4
15.2
21.0
18.0
586
424
494
4000
226
210
8.9
0.929
0.0525
44.7
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2007
23.1
15.7
21.5
18.5
567
413
479
4000
227
208
9.0
0.919
0.0521
46.2
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2008
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2009
27.3
18.5
24.8
21.7
479
358
410
4000
49.0
144
173
10.3
1.201
0.0433
54.6
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2010
27.8
18.9
25.1
22.0
470
354
404
4000
49.0
146
173
10.4
1.185
0.0433
55.6
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2011
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2012
27.8
19.0
24.7
21.9
457
357
406
3781
44.8
169
190
9.2
1.154
0.0498
53.0
71.7%
28.3%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2013
29.9
20.3
26.5
23.4
433
335
379
3747
45.3
149
184
9.3
1.238
0.0487
56.0
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2014
31.4
20.9
28.3
24.6
422
313
362
3699
44.6
145
183
9.0
1.266
0.0493
58.1
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2015
32.3
21.6
28.8
25.2
411
307
353
3704
44.1
143
182
CO
CO
1.275
0.0492
59.8
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2016
32.1
21.6
28.3
25.0
411
312
356
3660
43.8
140
175
9.0
1.255
0.0479
58.8
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2017
31.9
21.4
29.0
25.1
416
305
354
3693
44.2
144
182
8.7
1.259
0.0492
59.0
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2018
31.9
21.1
29.2
25.1
419
302
354
3729
45.1
149
187
8.7
1.256
0.0502
59.7
100.0%
FCA
Car
All
1975
15.8
12.4
15.1
13.5
679
558
659
4044
283
137
0.509
0.0334
32.3
2.9%
97.1%
FCA
Car
All
1976
16.8
13.1
16.1
14.3
642
528
619
3991
280
132
0.485
0.0325
33.9
1.7%
98.3%
FCA
Car
All
1977
16.7
12.9
16.1
14.2
647
525
626
4069
287
133
0.484
0.0322
34.2
1.8%
98.2%
FCA
Car
All
1978
19.1
14.8
18.4
16.3
558
455
547
3649
246
123
13.9
0.543
0.0332
35.2
12.1%
87.9%
FCA
Car
All
1979
21.0
16.4
20.1
17.9
511
420
496
3383
218
110
15.1
0.556
0.0320
35.7
26.2%
73.8%
FCA
Car
All
1980
22.7
17.7
21.8
19.4
473
389
459
3076
183
89
16.8
0.543
0.0290
35.1
38.8%
4.1%
57.2%
FCA
Car
All
1981
26.1
20.3
25.2
22.2
421
336
400
2833
158
92
15.6
0.622
0.0325
37.2
67.7%
1.9%
30.4%
FCA
Car
All
1982
26.9
21.0
25.8
22.9
407
332
388
2936
166
94
16.8
0.606
0.0321
39.7
69.5%
2.9%
27.6%
FCA
Car
All
1983
28.3
22.4
26.6
24.1
377
318
369
2838
155
90
15.7
0.623
0.0316
40.7
77.1%
3.5%
19.4%
FCA
Car
All
1984
28.4
22.2
27.1
24.2
383
316
368
2795
144
92
15.4
0.671
0.0326
40.0
87.8%
1.9%
10.3%
FCA
Car
All
1985
28.1
21.9
27.0
23.9
393
321
371
2881
150
106
13.9
0.744
0.0365
40.7
87.7%
0.1%
12.2%
FCA
Car
All
1986
28.5
22.2
26.9
24.1
387
321
368
2888
148
104
13.6
0.741
0.0359
41.4
88.6%
0.7%
10.7%
FCA
Car
All
1987
27.6
21.3
26.3
23.3
408
332
381
2901
153
107
13.5
0.734
0.0368
40.1
87.5%
0.3%
12.2%
FCA
Car
All
1988
28.3
21.5
27.3
23.9
403
321
372
2964
154
110
13.6
0.733
0.0368
42.1
92.2%
0.2%
7.6%
FCA
Car
All
1989
27.9
20.8
27.3
23.5
417
322
379
3079
153
112
13.1
0.746
0.0363
43.1
95.8%
0.3%
3.9%
FCA
Car
All
1990
27.2
20.1
26.7
22.8
435
331
389
3219
162
125
11.7
0.784
0.0386
43.8
98.0%
0.0%
2.0%
FCA
Car
All
1991
27.3
20.3
26.1
22.8
431
337
391
3195
163
127
11.6
0.794
0.0394
43.7
95.8%
1.9%
2.2%
FCA
Car
All
1992
27.2
20.2
25.9
22.6
433
340
392
3187
166
129
11.3
0.786
0.0400
43.6
92.9%
2.2%
4.8%
FCA
Car
All
1993
25.1
18.2
24.4
20.9
470
353
426
3360
193
149
10.0
0.781
0.0437
42.7
74.7%
0.1%
25.2%
FCA
Car
All
1994
25.7
18.4
25.2
21.3
474
349
417
3388
185
149
9.9
0.801
0.0434
43.6
90.8%
9.2%
FCA
Car
All
1995
27.3
19.3
27.0
22.6
449
322
393
3245
163
155
9.5
0.984
0.0477
44.5
92.1%
0.7%
7.2%
FCA
Car
All
1996
26.3
18.4
26.3
21.8
473
333
408
3377
166
167
9.6
1.039
0.0496
44.6
88.6%
0.2%
11.2%
FCA
Car
All
1997
26.3
18.2
26.5
21.8
478
329
408
3403
168
165
9.7
1.009
0.0483
45.0
90.4%
0.1%
9.5%
FCA
Car
All
1998
27.2
18.7
27.2
22.4
467
321
397
3298
155
157
10.2
1.035
0.0477
45.1
88.5%
0.1%
11.4%
FCA
Car
All
1999
26.3
17.9
26.2
21.6
489
335
412
3548
171
186
9.5
1.094
0.0521
46.8
88.9%
11.1%
FCA
Car
All
2000
26.6
18.3
25.7
21.7
478
341
410
3457
165
176
9.4
1.079
0.0506
46.1
87.2%
12.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-51 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2000
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2001
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2002
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2003
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
2.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2004
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
2.3%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2005
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
2.4%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2006
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2007
11.8%
88.2%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2008
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
99.7%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2011
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2012
2.9%
45.9%
51.2%
100.0%
71.7%
71.7%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2013
4.4%
33.7%
61.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2014
3.5%
79.7%
16.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2015
3.8%
69.4%
26.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2016
3.1%
63.0%
33.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2017
1.8%
80.2%
18.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
Car SUV
2018
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Car
All
1975
13.3%
86.7%
99.6%
0.4%
FCA
Car
All
1976
13.4%
86.6%
99.9%
0.1%
FCA
Car
All
1977
11.0%
89.0%
99.8%
0.2%
FCA
Car
All
1978
17.7%
32.1%
50.2%
99.6%
0.4%
FCA
Car
All
1979
18.7%
32.3%
45.2%
3.8%
99.6%
0.4%
FCA
Car
All
1980
23.6%
27.5%
42.8%
6.1%
98.8%
1.2%
FCA
Car
All
1981
30.1%
50.8%
14.3%
4.9%
96.6%
2.7%
0.7%
FCA
Car
All
1982
20.0%
56.6%
19.0%
4.4%
97.9%
1.9%
0.3%
FCA
Car
All
1983
24.6%
57.5%
15.2%
2.8%
85.0%
1.4%
13.6%
FCA
Car
All
1984
26.6%
62.9%
10.4%
66.6%
9.4%
24.0%
FCA
Car
All
1985
20.0%
66.8%
13.2%
52.9%
16.1%
31.0%
FCA
Car
All
1986
19.3%
68.1%
12.6%
32.3%
18.0%
49.7%
0.0%
FCA
Car
All
1987
17.3%
51.2%
31.5%
37.5%
17.9%
44.6%
FCA
Car
All
1988
13.9%
9.0%
77.1%
11.5%
28.5%
60.0%
FCA
Car
All
1989
13.8%
8.4%
77.8%
1.6%
44.9%
53.4%
0.6%
FCA
Car
All
1990
14.0%
1.4%
84.6%
62.2%
37.8%
8.0%
FCA
Car
All
1991
15.6%
0.9%
83.5%
63.1%
36.9%
15.3%
FCA
Car
All
1992
16.1%
0.5%
83.3%
62.7%
37.3%
7.1%
FCA
Car
All
1993
10.0%
0.9%
89.1%
75.3%
24.7%
14.4%
FCA
Car
All
1994
8.0%
0.3%
91.7%
73.5%
26.5%
25.7%
FCA
Car
All
1995
13.4%
0.1%
86.5%
97.3%
2.7%
70.4%
0.1%
FCA
Car
All
1996
9.5%
0.0%
90.5%
100.0%
78.5%
0.0%
FCA
Car
All
1997
7.3%
92.7%
100.0%
84.2%
0.1%
FCA
Car
All
1998
7.2%
92.8%
100.0%
88.6%
FCA
Car
All
1999
3.0%
0.1%
96.9%
100.0%
89.5%
0.2%
FCA
Car
All
2000
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
87.6%
0.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-52 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
FCA
Car
All
2001
26.8
18.4
25.5
21.7
476
345
410
3492
166
176
9.2
1.072
0.0503
47.0
89.4%
10.6%
FCA
Car
All
2002
26.4
18.0
25.2
21.4
487
350
416
3503
163
191
9.0
1.171
0.0542
46.5
94.0%
6.0%
FCA
Car
All
2003
27.2
18.6
25.2
21.8
468
346
408
3468
162
173
9.3
1.076
0.0495
47.6
84.2%
15.8%
FCA
Car
All
2004
27.1
18.4
25.2
21.7
476
349
410
3644
168
197
8.7
1.186
0.0541
49.4
84.8%
8.7%
6.4%
FCA
Car
All
2005
26.3
17.7
24.5
21.0
492
357
422
3767
187
214
8.4
1.167
0.0563
49.5
60.5%
6.7%
32.7%
FCA
Car
All
2006
25.3
16.9
23.8
20.3
519
370
438
3952
213
243
8.0
1.182
0.0612
50.1
43.3%
5.3%
51.4%
FCA
Car
All
2007
26.9
18.1
24.8
21.4
476
354
415
3831
188
222
8.2
1.237
0.0575
52.0
62.1%
6.7%
31.2%
FCA
Car
All
2008
27.8
18.6
25.9
22.1
469
340
401
3789
47.7
177
208
CO
CO
1.195
0.0543
53.0
63.7%
3.4%
32.9%
FCA
Car
All
2009
27.5
18.4
25.6
21.9
472
344
405
3849
48.2
190
222
8.4
1.204
0.0569
53.3
54.3%
1.6%
44.1%
FCA
Car
All
2010
27.8
18.5
26.0
22.2
471
338
401
3847
48.9
192
222
8.5
1.168
0.0567
53.7
49.5%
1.7%
48.7%
FCA
Car
All
2011
28.3
18.5
27.2
22.6
472
325
393
3881
49.1
208
254
7.6
1.240
0.0643
55.1
58.8%
2.0%
39.2%
FCA
Car
All
2012
29.6
19.4
28.0
23.5
445
313
378
3719
47.2
186
225
8.2
1.217
0.0589
55.3
63.4%
1.7%
34.9%
FCA
Car
All
2013
30.7
20.1
29.1
24.4
0
0
364
3722
47.6
179
224
8.2
1.280
0.0586
58.3
70.3%
3.5%
26.3%
FCA
Car
All
2014
29.8
19.5
28.2
23.7
0
0
374
3839
48.0
186
237
7.9
1.299
0.0604
58.4
62.6%
6.9%
30.5%
FCA
Car
All
2015
32.2
20.8
30.8
25.5
0
0
347
3737
47.1
177
228
7.7
1.296
0.0595
62.1
70.3%
6.1%
23.6%
FCA
Car
All
2016
30.8
20.1
29.1
24.4
0
0
363
3828
47.5
187
242
7.6
1.295
0.0617
60.4
63.2%
5.8%
31.0%
FCA
Car
All
2017
30.4
20.0
29.1
24.3
0
0
364
3870
47.4
190
248
7.5
1.341
0.0626
61.8
54.6%
8.9%
36.4%
FCA
Car
All
2018
29.1
19.0
28.1
23.3
0
0
381
3988
48.9
206
282
7.1
1.396
0.0692
59.5
43.4%
11.4%
45.2%
FCA
Truck
Van
1975
12.6
10.3
11.2
10.7
841
753
828
4263
313
145
0.462
0.0340
27.4
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1976
14.2
11.1
13.4
12.1
787
652
737
4326
314
149
0.472
0.0344
30.8
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1977
13.8
11.0
12.6
11.7
792
694
760
4404
327
155
0.473
0.0352
30.5
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1978
13.4
10.9
12.1
11.4
800
722
781
4387
327
151
13.5
0.462
0.0344
29.7
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1979
13.8
11.3
12.3
11.7
773
707
758
4450
321
145
15.1
0.451
0.0326
31.0
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1980
16.6
13.3
15.1
14.1
651
579
632
4137
278
125
16.5
0.449
0.0302
34.6
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1981
17.4
14.0
16.0
14.8
624
551
599
4050
271
119
16.9
0.437
0.0293
35.6
1.6%
98.4%
FCA
Truck
Van
1982
17.7
14.1
16.3
15.0
619
536
592
4031
276
123
17.6
0.442
0.0303
35.9
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1983
18.0
14.4
16.6
15.3
609
528
582
4099
270
118
16.8
0.434
0.0286
37.3
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1984
20.2
16.0
19.0
17.2
525
441
516
3679
201
108
16.7
0.582
0.0295
38.4
60.6%
39.4%
FCA
Truck
Van
1985
21.0
16.8
19.4
17.8
511
440
498
3645
189
111
16.3
0.625
0.0303
38.9
73.2%
0.8%
26.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1986
22.0
17.3
20.5
18.6
498
419
477
3674
186
109
15.8
0.619
0.0295
40.8
72.4%
3.8%
23.7%
FCA
Truck
Van
1987
22.3
17.3
21.0
18.9
498
410
471
3707
193
125
14.9
0.677
0.0337
41.8
74.3%
2.9%
22.8%
FCA
Truck
Van
1988
23.0
17.6
22.0
19.4
498
397
458
3798
189
134
14.5
0.729
0.0353
43.9
86.3%
1.5%
12.2%
FCA
Truck
Van
1989
22.6
17.3
21.4
19.0
504
407
467
3825
187
132
14.1
0.730
0.0344
43.7
84.3%
1.0%
14.7%
FCA
Truck
Van
1990
23.0
17.2
22.1
19.3
508
396
461
3876
200
142
12.5
0.721
0.0366
44.8
87.1%
0.2%
12.7%
FCA
Truck
Van
1991
22.8
17.2
21.5
19.0
512
408
467
3972
199
142
12.9
0.721
0.0355
45.6
83.8%
5.4%
10.8%
FCA
Truck
Van
1992
22.7
16.9
21.5
18.9
517
407
470
3970
198
144
12.5
0.733
0.0360
45.4
86.8%
2.7%
10.5%
FCA
Truck
Van
1993
23.6
17.4
22.6
19.7
508
389
452
3823
194
144
11.4
0.748
0.0377
45.3
93.1%
2.1%
4.8%
FCA
Truck
Van
1994
22.4
16.5
21.2
18.6
532
414
479
3971
208
153
11.2
0.740
0.0383
44.8
80.1%
2.7%
17.3%
FCA
Truck
Van
1995
23.0
16.8
21.8
19.0
521
401
467
3837
201
154
11.2
0.770
0.0400
44.5
85.9%
1.7%
12.4%
FCA
Truck
Van
1996
22.8
16.3
21.9
18.8
539
402
473
4156
208
162
11.6
0.792
0.0390
47.6
90.8%
0.0%
9.1%
FCA
Truck
Van
1997
22.7
16.1
21.8
18.7
547
403
476
4152
208
161
11.7
0.783
0.0387
47.3
86.1%
2.6%
11.2%
FCA
Truck
Van
1998
23.3
16.3
22.7
19.2
541
389
464
4141
203
164
11.8
0.815
0.0394
48.4
90.4%
2.6%
7.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1999
23.0
16.0
22.3
18.8
551
396
472
4169
208
165
11.7
0.805
0.0395
48.0
88.1%
2.6%
9.2%
FCA
Truck
Van
2000
23.4
16.2
22.6
19.1
544
389
464
4156
204
163
11.3
0.810
0.0393
48.9
89.7%
2.4%
7.9%
FCA
Truck
Van
2001
23.4
16.2
22.2
19.0
544
396
467
4430
213
190
10.4
0.898
0.0429
52.0
88.6%
3.6%
7.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-53 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
FCA
Car
All
2001
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
89.9%
0.1%
FCA
Car
All
2002
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
94.4%
0.3%
FCA
Car
All
2003
7.9%
92.1%
100.0%
84.9%
0.3%
FCA
Car
All
2004
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
94.6%
FCA
Car
All
2005
4.9%
0.1%
94.9%
100.0%
84.3%
0.2%
FCA
Car
All
2006
1.7%
0.3%
98.0%
100.0%
76.9%
0.3%
FCA
Car
All
2007
2.4%
0.1%
70.5%
26.9%
100.0%
84.4%
37.9%
FCA
Car
All
2008
1.7%
0.4%
84.4%
13.4%
100.0%
94.1%
39.2%
18.9%
49.0%
32.2%
FCA
Car
All
2009
5.0%
0.7%
78.6%
15.6%
100.0%
84.8%
54.6%
FCA
Car
All
2010
3.3%
0.4%
84.3%
12.0%
100.0%
89.2%
52.1%
FCA
Car
All
2011
2.7%
82.9%
14.4%
100.0%
85.0%
86.8%
29.7%
39.7%
30.5%
FCA
Car
All
2012
6.0%
0.5%
83.2%
10.3%
100.0%
86.6%
93.5%
FCA
Car
All
2013
7.7%
2.9%
85.4%
3.9%
99.6%
90.6%
99.0%
FCA
Car
All
2014
4.3%
90.9%
4.8%
1.9%
97.6%
90.1%
99.5%
FCA
Car
All
2015
4.5%
89.2%
6.3%
1.6%
97.4%
91.5%
99.0%
FCA
Car
All
2016
4.2%
82.8%
13.0%
1.2%
98.1%
87.7%
99.3%
FCA
Car
All
2017
3.3%
88.3%
8.3%
4.9%
93.3%
85.7%
94.4%
FCA
Car
All
2018
4.6%
95.4%
6.4%
93.0%
82.9%
95.1%
FCA
Truck
Van
1975
16.0%
84.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1976
15.1%
84.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1977
10.4%
89.6%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1978
11.1%
88.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1979
11.2%
65.9%
22.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1980
21.4%
19.0%
59.6%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1981
21.2%
9.2%
69.6%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1982
17.1%
30.3%
52.5%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1983
20.2%
45.5%
34.3%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1984
20.6%
67.5%
11.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1985
11.0%
82.5%
6.5%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1986
10.9%
69.1%
20.1%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1987
8.1%
36.7%
55.2%
60.3%
39.5%
0.2%
FCA
Truck
Van
1988
4.3%
17.6%
78.1%
0.6%
69.8%
29.6%
FCA
Truck
Van
1989
3.3%
34.5%
62.2%
62.3%
37.7%
FCA
Truck
Van
1990
1.7%
2.9%
95.4%
76.4%
23.6%
FCA
Truck
Van
1991
1.3%
0.8%
98.0%
77.9%
22.1%
FCA
Truck
Van
1992
1.7%
1.9%
96.4%
89.2%
10.8%
FCA
Truck
Van
1993
1.2%
0.7%
98.1%
92.0%
8.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1994
0.7%
1.7%
97.6%
94.5%
5.5%
0.9%
FCA
Truck
Van
1995
0.2%
1.7%
98.1%
93.7%
6.3%
1.3%
FCA
Truck
Van
1996
0.0%
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
4.8%
FCA
Truck
Van
1997
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
6.5%
FCA
Truck
Van
1998
100.0%
100.0%
9.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
1999
100.0%
100.0%
10.7%
FCA
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
10.3%
FCA
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
6.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-54 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
FCA
Truck
Van
2002
23.8
16.4
22.6
19.3
539
388
460
4373
210
189
10.5
0.904
0.0431
52.4
91.7%
2.3%
6.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2003
24.5
16.7
23.0
19.7
528
382
450
4286
213
191
10.2
0.901
0.0444
52.6
92.7%
2.1%
5.2%
FCA
Truck
Van
2004
24.5
16.4
23.4
19.8
540
379
450
4382
211
193
10.3
0.913
0.0441
53.6
98.0%
2.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2005
24.3
16.2
23.2
19.6
547
383
454
4285
214
196
10.0
0.914
0.0456
52.0
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2006
24.4
16.2
23.4
19.7
547
380
452
4361
213
191
10.3
0.895
0.0437
53.1
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2007
23.8
15.8
23.0
19.2
560
386
462
4401
216
193
10.4
0.893
0.0438
52.4
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2008
24.4
16.3
23.5
19.7
546
378
451
4554
54.6
221
179
10.8
0.809
0.0392
55.7
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2009
24.6
16.3
23.6
19.8
543
376
448
4577
54.6
220
195
10.1
0.889
0.0424
56.4
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2010
24.4
16.2
23.5
19.7
547
378
451
4580
54.7
226
200
9.9
0.883
0.0436
56.0
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2011
25.7
17.0
24.8
20.7
523
358
429
4500
54.7
220
283
7.7
1.286
0.0629
57.9
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2012
25.9
17.1
24.9
20.8
519
357
427
4500
54.7
220
283
7.7
1.288
0.0629
58.3
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2013
25.5
16.8
24.7
20.5
528
360
432
4727
54.7
220
283
8.0
1.288
0.0600
60.3
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2014
25.9
17.1
24.9
20.8
519
357
427
4502
54.7
220
283
7.7
1.288
0.0629
58.3
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2015
26.1
17.2
25.1
21.0
515
354
424
4449
54.5
216
278
7.8
1.285
0.0623
58.0
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2016
26.1
17.3
25.1
21.0
514
354
423
4444
54.7
216
277
7.8
1.285
0.0622
58.0
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2017
27.8
18.0
26.9
22.2
472
327
400
4456
56.3
216
279
7.4
1.289
0.0625
63.7
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2018
29.6
19.6
27.4
23.4
297
306
374
4428
55.8
211
266
7.5
1.262
0.0601
74.0
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
14.6
11.6
13.6
12.5
743
639
714
3555
317
138
0.431
0.0397
25.8
99.8%
0.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
15.0
12.1
13.6
12.7
715
640
698
3595
321
132
0.406
0.0368
26.7
99.8%
0.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
15.8
12.7
14.6
13.5
684
601
660
3631
325
134
0.408
0.0371
28.5
99.7%
0.3%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
15.6
12.5
14.3
13.2
695
613
671
3608
323
131
12.8
0.401
0.0365
27.8
99.7%
0.3%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
15.1
12.4
13.4
12.9
698
655
692
3646
297
129
13.9
0.436
0.0359
27.5
88.7%
11.3%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
16.8
13.6
15.2
14.3
625
565
622
3507
266
111
15.5
0.429
0.0315
29.7
99.8%
0.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
18.4
14.7
17.1
15.7
584
507
566
3502
261
114
15.1
0.450
0.0328
32.4
99.0%
1.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
17.7
14.0
16.8
15.1
618
518
589
3742
284
121
16.0
0.431
0.0326
33.2
97.0%
3.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
17.7
14.1
16.4
15.0
612
525
591
3676
288
123
14.2
0.432
0.0341
32.5
98.4%
1.6%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
18.3
14.6
16.8
15.5
572
502
572
3646
238
118
14.9
0.527
0.0325
33.8
97.4%
2.6%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
15.0
11.9
13.9
12.7
726
626
698
4471
320
145
14.4
0.460
0.0323
33.8
72.6%
27.4%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
19.1
15.2
17.6
16.2
563
487
549
3745
217
122
14.0
0.606
0.0327
36.4
94.9%
5.1%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
19.9
15.4
18.7
16.8
558
458
529
3689
243
145
12.5
0.622
0.0397
37.1
95.7%
4.3%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
19.2
14.6
18.4
16.2
598
471
549
3665
252
155
12.1
0.634
0.0430
35.3
96.4%
3.6%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
19.2
14.7
18.1
16.2
593
481
550
3647
247
158
11.5
0.656
0.0437
35.2
96.8%
3.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
19.8
14.9
19.0
16.6
588
461
534
3566
244
160
10.5
0.671
0.0451
35.4
97.5%
2.5%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
19.4
14.6
18.4
16.2
602
480
548
3572
235
172
10.0
0.746
0.0484
34.8
98.8%
1.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
19.8
14.8
18.7
16.5
596
472
539
3449
229
181
9.4
0.795
0.0523
34.2
99.4%
0.6%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
20.0
14.9
18.8
16.6
589
472
534
3478
226
179
CO
CO
0.799
0.0513
34.9
99.4%
0.6%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
18.9
14.0
17.9
15.7
631
495
565
3738
254
190
CO
CO
0.760
0.0508
35.3
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
19.3
14.2
18.2
16.0
619
489
556
3668
241
183
9.2
0.772
0.0496
35.3
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.0
13.7
18.2
15.7
645
488
565
3811
261
198
9.4
0.761
0.0519
36.2
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
19.8
14.4
18.5
16.3
612
479
546
3797
241
180
9.9
0.753
0.0472
37.7
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
18.9
13.5
17.9
15.5
652
492
572
4144
266
195
10.2
0.740
0.0471
39.1
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
18.8
13.4
17.7
15.4
655
498
576
4327
274
208
9.9
0.767
0.0480
40.7
93.0%
7.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
19.0
13.4
17.8
15.5
656
497
574
4253
268
208
9.4
0.781
0.0490
40.2
91.5%
8.5%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
18.9
13.3
17.9
15.5
664
496
575
4299
263
205
9.4
0.781
0.0477
40.6
91.8%
8.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
19.4
13.7
17.8
15.7
646
499
567
4381
252
217
9.3
0.864
0.0495
42.4
83.4%
16.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-55 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
FCA
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
8.7%
FCA
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
5.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
4.3%
FCA
Truck
Van
2005
100.0%
100.0%
3.3%
FCA
Truck
Van
2006
100.0%
100.0%
4.3%
FCA
Truck
Van
2007
100.0%
100.0%
2.9%
FCA
Truck
Van
2008
100.0%
100.0%
10.9%
FCA
Truck
Van
2009
100.0%
100.0%
15.4%
FCA
Truck
Van
2010
100.0%
100.0%
16.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2017
99.0%
1.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
FCA
Truck
Van
2018
90.2%
9.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
9.8%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
60.3%
39.7%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
48.6%
51.4%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
49.8%
50.2%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
50.2%
49.8%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
63.0%
35.8%
1.2%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
65.3%
30.9%
3.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
61.8%
1.2%
37.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
49.3%
12.8%
37.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
52.2%
7.7%
38.7%
1.4%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
40.1%
28.7%
31.2%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
14.5%
85.5%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
36.1%
20.7%
43.2%
82.9%
17.0%
0.1%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
35.7%
24.7%
39.6%
43.9%
44.4%
11.6%
0.1%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
26.7%
18.6%
54.8%
26.6%
62.2%
11.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
27.8%
15.0%
57.1%
19.7%
63.8%
16.5%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
27.8%
13.6%
58.6%
17.3%
65.1%
17.5%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
33.7%
10.3%
55.9%
2.5%
94.4%
3.1%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
36.2%
4.6%
59.2%
99.7%
0.3%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
43.0%
5.2%
51.8%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
20.7%
79.3%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
24.8%
75.2%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
4.6%
95.4%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
26.1%
73.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
14.3%
85.7%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
9.4%
90.6%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
7.8%
92.2%
100.0%
0.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-56 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
20.5
14.4
18.7
16.5
615
475
539
4355
255
217
9.1
0.856
0.0498
44.7
89.4%
10.6%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
20.2
13.9
19.0
16.4
637
465
543
4292
258
221
9.0
0.854
0.0512
43.3
83.3%
16.7%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
19.8
13.7
18.3
16.0
645
482
557
4545
259
225
9.0
0.874
0.0495
45.2
83.7%
16.3%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
19.9
13.7
18.3
16.0
645
482
556
4623
256
229
9.1
0.892
0.0494
46.1
82.8%
17.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
21.6
14.9
19.6
17.3
583
448
515
4432
235
218
9.3
0.939
0.0491
48.0
6.7%
74.8%
18.4%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
22.3
15.4
20.2
17.8
566
434
500
4397
45.2
229
217
9.4
0.963
0.0491
49.1
9.4%
73.4%
17.1%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
22.7
15.5
20.8
18.1
563
422
490
4351
45.6
218
217
9.0
1.009
0.0497
49.5
28.3%
62.1%
9.7%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
23.1
15.8
21.2
18.5
551
416
481
4274
44.6
215
211
9.2
0.993
0.0492
49.6
23.0%
67.2%
9.8%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
23.8
16.2
21.9
19.1
537
400
466
4472
47.8
222
245
CO
CO
1.113
0.0540
53.4
12.9%
71.7%
15.4%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
23.6
16.2
21.7
18.9
544
407
471
4517
48.1
222
268
8.3
1.212
0.0590
53.4
8.1%
82.8%
9.1%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
23.8
16.3
21.7
19.0
540
405
468
4537
49.1
221
279
8.0
1.265
0.0612
54.0
13.2%
75.5%
11.3%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
25.4
17.2
23.4
20.3
510
376
438
4508
48.9
210
267
7.9
1.272
0.0588
57.5
6.5%
82.7%
10.7%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
25.9
17.5
23.7
20.6
502
371
432
4443
48.6
205
263
7.9
1.288
0.0590
57.7
8.2%
82.8%
9.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
26.9
18.3
24.3
21.3
480
361
418
4243
47.3
192
246
8.1
1.280
0.0575
57.4
8.8%
86.3%
5.0%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
26.4
17.9
24.2
21.0
489
362
423
4412
48.3
202
261
7.9
1.292
0.0587
58.7
8.3%
84.0%
7.7%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
27.9
18.8
24.9
21.8
466
352
408
4401
48.3
194
263
7.6
1.395
0.0594
61.8
1.6%
91.3%
7.1%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1975
13.0
10.5
11.9
11.1
838
732
802
4345
338
155
0.456
0.0356
28.5
61.2%
38.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1976
14.0
11.0
13.3
11.9
790
649
745
4338
335
158
0.470
0.0363
30.7
52.2%
47.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1977
14.5
11.5
13.5
12.3
764
645
722
4335
341
159
0.466
0.0367
31.5
56.6%
43.4%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1978
14.5
11.7
13.2
12.3
742
663
722
4226
326
148
13.4
0.455
0.0349
30.9
44.4%
55.6%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1979
15.0
12.2
13.3
12.7
672
609
700
4041
272
130
14.8
0.510
0.0326
31.2
15.9%
84.1%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1980
19.8
15.9
18.1
16.8
531
466
528
3430
206
110
15.4
0.582
0.0327
34.2
15.3%
84.7%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1981
19.9
16.0
18.3
16.9
539
471
525
3564
218
108
15.9
0.533
0.0307
35.6
15.9%
84.1%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1982
21.2
16.8
19.9
18.1
505
424
492
3470
217
109
16.6
0.533
0.0316
37.2
12.3%
24.2%
63.5%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1983
23.4
18.6
21.8
19.9
453
382
448
3312
189
103
15.4
0.588
0.0315
39.5
15.6%
18.7%
65.7%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1984
19.4
15.4
18.1
16.5
539
458
539
3638
224
109
15.6
0.521
0.0302
36.2
7.0%
23.3%
69.7%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1985
18.6
14.9
17.1
15.8
559
489
563
3798
250
124
14.7
0.529
0.0326
36.1
23.0%
77.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1986
20.2
16.0
18.7
17.1
519
446
519
3626
218
119
13.9
0.592
0.0328
37.4
30.0%
70.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1987
21.2
16.5
19.9
17.9
515
427
496
3611
221
122
13.9
0.580
0.0338
38.9
26.4%
73.6%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1988
20.8
16.0
19.6
17.5
534
434
507
3652
226
126
13.7
0.586
0.0347
38.5
28.9%
71.1%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1989
19.9
15.2
19.0
16.8
562
446
529
3681
234
127
13.1
0.569
0.0347
37.2
27.7%
72.3%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1990
19.1
14.4
18.3
16.1
596
467
553
3991
255
141
12.0
0.563
0.0354
38.7
24.9%
75.1%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1991
18.8
14.1
17.9
15.8
612
479
564
4035
264
146
12.0
0.562
0.0361
38.4
25.4%
74.6%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1992
19.2
14.1
18.8
16.1
620
467
552
4046
257
155
11.6
0.597
0.0380
39.0
26.0%
74.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1993
18.9
13.9
18.2
15.8
630
482
563
4111
263
156
10.8
0.583
0.0377
39.0
28.1%
71.9%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1994
18.8
13.8
17.9
15.6
633
490
570
4346
283
199
9.4
0.709
0.0458
41.0
23.1%
76.9%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1995
17.8
13.0
17.0
14.8
665
511
602
4516
296
201
9.6
0.686
0.0445
40.5
35.0%
65.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1996
17.4
12.5
16.8
14.4
697
523
617
4697
305
210
9.9
0.697
0.0449
40.8
34.1%
65.9%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1997
17.7
12.6
17.2
14.7
694
513
606
4765
309
209
10.0
0.686
0.0441
42.2
45.6%
54.4%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1998
18.0
12.8
17.5
14.9
683
501
597
4783
299
207
10.4
0.698
0.0434
43.1
38.7%
61.3%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1999
17.7
12.5
17.2
14.6
703
513
607
4795
307
215
10.2
0.704
0.0449
42.5
43.5%
56.5%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2000
18.4
12.9
17.8
15.1
680
494
587
4662
292
214
9.6
0.737
0.0460
43.0
41.7%
58.3%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2001
17.3
12.1
16.8
14.3
729
524
623
4905
306
221
9.5
0.725
0.0450
42.6
43.9%
56.1%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2002
17.9
12.6
16.7
14.6
698
528
610
5011
290
225
9.7
0.783
0.0451
44.9
41.2%
58.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2003
18.2
12.8
16.7
14.7
686
530
603
5108
294
240
9.2
0.818
0.0469
46.5
40.7%
59.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-57 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
10.2%
89.8%
100.0%
1.5%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
7.1%
92.9%
100.0%
1.1%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
7.3%
92.7%
98.4%
1.6%
2.4%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
7.9%
92.1%
98.7%
1.3%
2.4%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
6.4%
80.0%
13.6%
99.5%
0.5%
16.3%
14.7%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
7.6%
77.2%
15.2%
99.7%
0.3%
17.9%
16.5%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
3.1%
81.9%
14.9%
100.0%
40.5%
19.8%
0.2%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
7.4%
76.1%
16.5%
100.0%
35.3%
20.6%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
4.7%
77.5%
17.8%
100.0%
52.9%
61.8%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
6.8%
83.0%
10.2%
100.0%
76.0%
84.3%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
6.7%
86.4%
6.9%
100.0%
90.5%
99.7%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
3.0%
96.4%
0.6%
100.0%
58.0%
97.5%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
3.3%
96.5%
0.2%
99.1%
0.9%
96.5%
98.6%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
3.8%
96.0%
0.1%
14.3%
85.4%
0.3%
98.1%
99.5%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
2.7%
97.2%
0.1%
0.7%
99.3%
96.4%
99.7%
FCA
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
5.9%
94.1%
11.0%
88.2%
0.8%
95.9%
90.7%
7.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1975
34.1%
65.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1976
31.5%
68.5%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1977
25.1%
74.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1978
29.0%
71.0%
99.4%
0.6%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1979
40.6%
45.7%
13.7%
98.7%
1.3%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1980
62.1%
17.9%
20.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1981
60.2%
9.1%
30.7%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1982
59.5%
16.2%
24.3%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1983
60.6%
26.1%
9.7%
3.5%
96.4%
0.1%
3.4%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1984
58.1%
30.0%
11.9%
98.2%
1.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1985
38.4%
51.5%
10.1%
99.5%
0.5%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1986
47.3%
27.9%
24.7%
90.6%
9.3%
0.1%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1987
39.4%
18.8%
41.8%
88.4%
5.7%
5.8%
0.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1988
40.5%
15.4%
44.1%
29.0%
10.3%
60.7%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1989
38.2%
13.5%
48.3%
15.2%
9.3%
75.5%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1990
30.3%
13.8%
55.9%
10.3%
89.7%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1991
25.3%
8.6%
66.1%
10.0%
90.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1992
23.1%
0.6%
76.3%
95.2%
4.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1993
23.0%
77.0%
97.2%
2.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1994
19.4%
80.6%
99.1%
0.9%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1995
16.5%
83.5%
94.0%
6.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1996
12.5%
87.3%
0.2%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1997
10.2%
89.8%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1998
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
1999
11.6%
88.4%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2000
10.0%
90.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2001
9.5%
90.5%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2002
7.5%
92.5%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2003
6.5%
93.5%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-58 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2004
17.9
12.4
16.7
14.5
710
528
612
5140
301
279
8.5
0.921
0.0541
46.1
44.5%
55.5%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2005
18.2
12.5
17.0
14.7
707
519
605
5093
298
274
8.6
0.911
0.0534
46.4
46.7%
53.3%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2006
19.0
13.0
17.8
15.4
679
497
579
5206
291
266
8.9
0.909
0.0509
49.5
46.3%
53.7%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2007
18.9
13.0
17.8
15.3
683
498
580
5317
298
277
CO
CO
0.924
0.0517
50.3
47.2%
52.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2008
20.2
13.9
18.6
16.3
619
464
546
5275
63.6
298
301
8.3
1.011
0.0568
55.1
43.4%
56.6%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2009
19.5
13.3
18.5
15.8
669
480
562
5531
63.9
317
321
8.0
1.016
0.0580
54.0
53.4%
46.6%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2010
19.8
13.5
18.7
16.0
659
474
554
5371
63.7
316
343
7.7
1.078
0.0635
53.2
56.7%
43.3%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2011
19.9
13.6
18.9
16.2
654
469
549
5348
65.1
317
344
7.7
1.079
0.0641
53.2
61.1%
38.9%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2012
19.7
13.4
18.8
16.0
661
473
554
5410
65.8
335
373
7.0
1.111
0.0690
53.3
61.0%
39.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2013
20.4
13.8
19.4
16.6
638
454
537
5408
65.9
328
371
7.0
1.136
0.0685
55.4
61.1%
38.9%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2014
21.5
14.6
20.3
17.4
605
433
512
5619
66.3
325
346
7.2
1.082
0.0618
60.8
66.0%
34.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2015
22.6
15.3
21.4
18.3
588
420
494
5518
66.5
310
335
7.3
1.100
0.0609
63.1
67.6%
32.4%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2016
22.6
15.3
21.4
18.2
586
419
492
5505
66.6
312
338
7.2
1.104
0.0616
62.8
70.6%
29.4%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2017
22.4
15.1
21.3
18.1
590
417
493
5493
66.7
317
365
6.9
1.168
0.0665
61.9
72.5%
27.5%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2018
23.2
15.6
22.1
18.7
572
403
477
5461
66.6
286
349
7.1
1.246
0.0640
63.8
69.4%
30.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1975
13.2
10.7
11.9
11.2
811
714
792
4080
319
145
0.452
0.0358
27.1
38.6%
61.4%
FCA
Truck
All
1976
14.3
11.3
13.4
12.2
769
648
731
4151
323
148
0.455
0.0357
29.8
44.3%
55.7%
FCA
Truck
All
1977
14.5
11.6
13.4
12.3
751
650
720
4179
332
151
0.454
0.0362
30.4
46.3%
53.7%
FCA
Truck
All
1978
14.4
11.6
13.1
12.2
745
665
726
4090
325
144
13.3
0.441
0.0352
29.6
46.6%
53.4%
FCA
Truck
All
1979
14.7
12.0
13.0
12.4
706
648
715
4052
293
134
14.7
0.473
0.0335
30.1
31.3%
68.7%
FCA
Truck
All
1980
18.2
14.6
16.6
15.4
577
511
576
3591
237
113
15.6
0.512
0.0319
33.0
36.3%
63.7%
FCA
Truck
All
1981
18.8
15.1
17.3
16.0
570
499
555
3663
244
113
15.9
0.485
0.0310
34.7
0.4%
36.5%
63.1%
FCA
Truck
All
1982
19.4
15.4
18.1
16.5
553
467
538
3679
246
115
16.8
0.488
0.0314
36.1
6.5%
31.4%
62.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1983
20.6
16.4
19.1
17.5
510
434
508
3567
228
111
15.5
0.521
0.0314
37.6
8.8%
30.6%
60.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1984
19.4
15.4
18.1
16.5
542
462
539
3658
218
111
15.8
0.548
0.0305
36.4
27.5%
34.4%
38.1%
FCA
Truck
All
1985
19.4
15.5
17.9
16.5
543
469
539
3777
221
119
15.6
0.577
0.0313
37.5
41.9%
15.2%
42.9%
FCA
Truck
All
1986
20.7
16.4
19.2
17.6
518
441
506
3676
203
115
14.8
0.608
0.0312
38.8
34.0%
32.7%
33.3%
FCA
Truck
All
1987
21.3
16.6
20.1
18.0
517
426
493
3671
214
128
14.0
0.632
0.0351
39.7
32.3%
32.2%
35.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1988
21.4
16.4
20.4
18.1
528
422
492
3727
214
137
13.7
0.668
0.0369
40.4
42.5%
30.9%
26.5%
FCA
Truck
All
1989
21.0
16.1
19.9
17.7
537
432
502
3748
213
137
13.2
0.675
0.0369
40.1
44.0%
31.3%
24.7%
FCA
Truck
All
1990
21.4
16.1
20.6
18.0
538
420
494
3825
220
146
12.0
0.683
0.0384
41.6
52.2%
26.7%
21.2%
FCA
Truck
All
1991
21.1
15.9
20.0
17.7
547
434
503
3894
219
149
12.1
0.697
0.0385
41.8
49.3%
30.1%
20.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1992
21.4
15.9
20.4
17.8
548
428
499
3893
215
152
11.8
0.717
0.0393
42.1
54.1%
24.5%
21.4%
FCA
Truck
All
1993
21.9
16.2
20.9
18.2
540
417
487
3815
212
153
10.8
0.726
0.0401
42.3
59.2%
24.3%
16.5%
FCA
Truck
All
1994
20.5
15.1
19.4
17.0
577
449
523
4000
238
173
10.2
0.738
0.0433
41.5
40.4%
32.6%
27.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1995
20.1
14.7
19.1
16.7
586
455
533
3946
239
176
10.1
0.750
0.0446
40.2
33.5%
45.4%
21.1%
FCA
Truck
All
1996
20.2
14.5
19.4
16.7
599
449
533
4203
246
183
10.6
0.760
0.0438
42.9
44.5%
34.5%
21.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1997
20.2
14.5
19.3
16.7
602
451
534
4229
247
180
10.7
0.746
0.0427
43.1
36.5%
42.9%
20.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1998
20.0
14.1
19.2
16.4
615
451
540
4332
253
187
10.8
0.755
0.0432
43.6
32.6%
46.8%
20.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1999
19.8
14.0
18.9
16.3
624
459
547
4388
259
195
10.6
0.765
0.0442
43.8
31.2%
48.7%
20.1%
FCA
Truck
All
2000
20.3
14.2
19.4
16.6
612
449
534
4302
249
192
10.2
0.783
0.0446
44.1
34.6%
46.6%
18.7%
FCA
Truck
All
2001
19.4
13.5
18.6
15.9
642
469
560
4561
264
206
9.8
0.796
0.0453
44.8
27.1%
47.3%
25.6%
FCA
Truck
All
2002
20.0
14.0
18.7
16.2
622
465
547
4569
251
211
9.8
0.852
0.0462
46.3
28.2%
45.7%
26.1%
FCA
Truck
All
2003
20.8
14.5
19.1
16.8
601
453
530
4576
253
215
9.5
0.859
0.0470
48.0
31.6%
43.8%
24.6%
FCA
Truck
All
2004
19.7
13.6
18.5
16.0
646
472
556
4595
268
238
9.0
0.884
0.0514
45.5
11.3%
60.5%
28.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-59 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2004
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
0.7%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2005
2.5%
97.5%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2006
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2007
3.6%
96.4%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2008
4.6%
95.4%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2009
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
59.9%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2010
100.0%
100.0%
58.6%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2011
100.0%
100.0%
60.9%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2012
100.0%
100.0%
81.1%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2013
100.0%
100.0%
9.7%
88.2%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2014
100.0%
100.0%
16.6%
95.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2015
100.0%
87.5%
12.5%
25.6%
87.5%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2016
100.0%
90.8%
9.2%
25.2%
90.8%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2017
100.0%
96.0%
4.0%
22.6%
96.0%
FCA
Truck
Pickup
2018
100.0%
94.5%
5.5%
46.5%
94.5%
FCA
Truck
All
1975
31.5%
68.5%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1976
29.6%
70.4%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1977
26.0%
74.0%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1978
29.6%
70.4%
99.8%
0.2%
FCA
Truck
All
1979
38.1%
48.9%
13.0%
99.4%
0.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1980
55.0%
21.8%
23.2%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1981
51.3%
6.8%
41.9%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1982
45.7%
19.5%
34.8%
100.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1983
49.6%
26.9%
21.3%
2.3%
98.0%
0.1%
1.9%
FCA
Truck
All
1984
37.3%
45.4%
17.3%
99.5%
0.5%
FCA
Truck
All
1985
20.4%
72.6%
7.0%
99.8%
0.2%
FCA
Truck
All
1986
27.6%
45.6%
26.8%
93.2%
6.7%
0.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1987
25.0%
27.9%
47.1%
66.0%
29.3%
4.7%
0.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1988
19.5%
17.2%
63.3%
14.4%
51.6%
34.0%
FCA
Truck
All
1989
17.3%
24.9%
57.8%
8.4%
50.8%
40.7%
FCA
Truck
All
1990
12.6%
7.2%
80.2%
4.0%
62.4%
33.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1991
13.1%
4.4%
82.6%
0.6%
68.9%
30.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1992
12.1%
2.1%
85.8%
92.2%
7.8%
FCA
Truck
All
1993
12.7%
1.4%
85.9%
94.4%
5.6%
FCA
Truck
All
1994
10.3%
0.9%
88.8%
97.0%
3.0%
0.5%
FCA
Truck
All
1995
13.1%
0.7%
86.2%
96.1%
3.9%
0.5%
FCA
Truck
All
1996
4.3%
0.5%
95.2%
0.0%
100.0%
2.3%
FCA
Truck
All
1997
10.4%
0.4%
89.2%
100.0%
2.7%
FCA
Truck
All
1998
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
3.3%
FCA
Truck
All
1999
6.6%
93.4%
100.0%
3.8%
FCA
Truck
All
2000
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
4.0%
FCA
Truck
All
2001
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
2.0%
FCA
Truck
All
2002
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
2.8%
FCA
Truck
All
2003
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
2.2%
FCA
Truck
All
2004
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
1.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-60 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
FCA
Truck
All
2005
20.9
14.2
19.6
16.9
614
443
527
4574
250
225
9.3
0.899
0.0489
48.3
40.4%
40.9%
18.8%
FCA
Truck
All
2006
21.0
14.3
19.7
16.9
614
444
525
4662
249
224
9.5
0.896
0.0478
49.3
34.4%
46.3%
19.3%
FCA
Truck
All
2007
21.5
14.7
19.9
17.3
594
439
515
4604
243
224
9.5
0.924
0.0483
49.6
29.2%
50.0%
20.7%
FCA
Truck
All
2008
22.4
15.3
20.7
18.0
570
422
495
4618
51.6
240
223
9.6
0.928
0.0477
52.2
33.7%
46.2%
20.1%
FCA
Truck
All
2009
22.4
15.2
21.0
18.0
576
418
493
4671
52.2
240
233
9.1
0.975
0.0493
52.5
43.5%
41.8%
14.7%
FCA
Truck
All
2010
22.9
15.5
21.5
18.4
565
408
482
4582
51.8
237
229
9.2
0.964
0.0495
52.7
49.3%
39.0%
11.7%
FCA
Truck
All
2011
23.2
15.7
21.7
18.7
555
404
476
4656
52.6
241
272
8.4
1.137
0.0577
54.2
26.0%
56.6%
17.4%
FCA
Truck
All
2012
23.1
15.7
21.6
18.6
559
405
478
4710
53.6
246
295
7.9
1.209
0.0622
54.6
29.6%
57.0%
13.4%
FCA
Truck
All
2013
23.4
15.8
21.9
18.8
556
400
473
4790
54.5
245
301
7.8
1.243
0.0625
56.2
36.2%
49.7%
14.2%
FCA
Truck
All
2014
24.5
16.5
22.9
19.6
531
383
453
4762
54.1
239
288
7.7
1.232
0.0603
58.4
24.6%
61.6%
13.8%
FCA
Truck
All
2015
25.2
17.0
23.4
20.2
518
376
442
4638
52.7
225
278
7.7
1.253
0.0598
58.7
19.9%
68.1%
11.9%
FCA
Truck
All
2016
25.6
17.3
23.6
20.4
507
372
436
4576
53.2
224
273
7.8
1.240
0.0593
58.8
23.2%
67.0%
9.8%
FCA
Truck
All
2017
25.7
17.2
24.0
20.5
504
364
434
4664
54.1
231
288
7.6
1.264
0.0612
60.5
25.7%
63.8%
10.5%
FCA
Truck
All
2018
27.2
18.3
24.7
21.5
442
352
414
4579
52.4
212
278
7.5
1.351
0.0602
63.9
15.8%
74.3%
9.9%
FCA
All
All
1975
15.3
12.0
14.4
13.0
699
581
683
4051
289
138
0.499
0.0338
31.4
2.4%
6.9%
90.7%
FCA
All
All
1976
16.3
12.7
15.5
13.8
664
549
642
4023
289
135
0.479
0.0332
33.1
1.3%
8.9%
89.8%
FCA
All
All
1977
16.2
12.6
15.5
13.8
665
546
645
4091
295
136
0.478
0.0330
33.5
1.5%
9.2%
89.3%
FCA
All
All
1978
17.6
13.8
16.7
15.0
597
495
593
3763
267
128
13.8
0.517
0.0337
33.7
9.0%
12.1%
78.9%
FCA
All
All
1979
18.8
14.9
17.6
16.0
552
464
555
3563
238
116
15.0
0.533
0.0324
34.2
19.1%
CO
72.4%
FCA
All
All
1980
21.5
16.9
20.4
18.3
493
411
485
3188
195
94
16.6
0.536
0.0296
34.6
30.3%
11.1%
58.6%
FCA
All
All
1981
24.5
19.2
23.4
20.9
440
356
426
2972
172
95
15.7
0.599
0.0323
36.8
56.4%
7.7%
35.9%
FCA
All
All
1982
24.5
19.2
23.3
20.9
435
357
425
3120
186
99
16.8
0.577
0.0319
38.8
53.9%
10.0%
36.2%
FCA
All
All
1983
25.8
20.4
24.1
21.9
405
342
405
3029
174
96
15.6
0.596
0.0315
39.9
59.3%
10.6%
30.2%
FCA
All
All
1984
24.6
19.4
23.2
21.0
424
353
424
3079
168
98
15.5
0.631
0.0319
38.8
67.9%
12.6%
19.5%
FCA
All
All
1985
24.6
19.4
23.2
21.0
431
356
424
3163
173
110
14.4
0.692
0.0349
39.7
73.3%
4.8%
21.9%
FCA
All
All
1986
24.8
19.5
23.2
21.0
430
360
423
3201
170
108
14.1
0.688
0.0340
40.4
66.9%
13.4%
19.7%
FCA
All
All
1987
24.6
19.0
23.3
20.8
447
365
427
3221
179
116
13.7
0.691
0.0361
40.0
64.5%
13.6%
21.9%
FCA
All
All
1988
24.7
18.8
23.7
20.8
452
360
427
3312
181
122
13.7
0.703
0.0369
41.3
69.5%
14.2%
16.3%
FCA
All
All
1989
24.1
18.2
23.1
20.3
468
368
439
3404
182
125
13.2
0.712
0.0366
41.7
70.6%
15.4%
14.0%
FCA
All
All
1990
23.9
17.9
23.2
20.1
482
371
443
3529
192
136
11.8
0.732
0.0385
42.7
74.6%
13.7%
11.8%
FCA
All
All
1991
24.1
18.0
22.9
20.1
477
375
442
3512
188
137
11.8
0.750
0.0390
42.8
74.7%
14.7%
10.6%
FCA
All
All
1992
23.7
17.6
22.5
19.7
490
383
451
3575
193
142
11.6
0.748
0.0396
42.8
71.6%
14.5%
13.9%
FCA
All
All
1993
23.5
17.2
22.7
19.6
499
380
454
3567
202
151
10.4
0.756
0.0421
42.5
67.7%
11.1%
21.2%
FCA
All
All
1994
22.2
16.2
21.3
18.4
533
405
483
3768
218
164
10.1
0.762
0.0433
42.3
59.5%
20.2%
20.2%
FCA
All
All
1995
22.9
16.6
22.1
19.0
513
382
468
3619
203
166
9.8
0.859
0.0460
42.2
60.8%
24.5%
14.6%
FCA
All
All
1996
22.2
15.8
21.6
18.3
543
395
485
3882
215
177
10.2
0.868
0.0461
43.6
61.6%
21.2%
17.2%
FCA
All
All
1997
22.2
15.7
21.6
18.3
548
395
486
3913
217
175
10.3
0.847
0.0449
43.8
57.1%
26.6%
16.3%
FCA
All
All
1998
21.9
15.4
21.3
18.0
556
398
493
3990
221
177
10.6
0.847
0.0447
44.1
51.1%
31.4%
17.6%
FCA
All
All
1999
21.5
15.0
20.8
17.6
574
411
504
4120
231
192
10.3
0.870
0.0467
44.7
49.6%
33.2%
17.2%
FCA
All
All
2000
22.3
15.5
21.4
18.2
554
401
488
3986
217
186
9.9
0.893
0.0468
44.9
54.3%
29.2%
16.5%
FCA
All
All
2001
21.6
15.0
20.6
17.6
569
415
505
4170
228
195
9.6
0.897
0.0471
45.6
49.9%
30.0%
20.1%
FCA
All
All
2002
21.8
15.2
20.5
17.7
568
418
502
4203
221
204
9.5
0.962
0.0490
46.3
50.8%
30.0%
19.2%
FCA
All
All
2003
22.3
15.5
20.5
17.9
557
417
496
4266
228
203
9.5
0.920
0.0477
47.9
46.3%
31.6%
22.1%
FCA
All
All
2004
22.0
15.1
20.6
17.7
570
416
501
4236
230
223
8.9
0.998
0.0524
46.9
39.0%
41.0%
20.0%
FCA
All
All
2005
22.6
15.3
21.1
18.2
563
407
489
4279
227
221
9.0
0.997
0.0516
48.7
47.8%
28.4%
23.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-61 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
FCA
Truck
All
2005
3.2%
96.8%
99.4%
0.6%
2.2%
FCA
Truck
All
2006
4.6%
95.4%
99.4%
0.6%
2.5%
FCA
Truck
All
2007
4.2%
88.5%
7.4%
99.7%
0.3%
9.5%
8.0%
FCA
Truck
All
2008
4.8%
87.4%
7.8%
99.8%
0.2%
12.3%
8.5%
FCA
Truck
All
2009
1.5%
91.2%
7.3%
100.0%
24.4%
22.5%
0.1%
FCA
Truck
All
2010
3.2%
89.6%
7.2%
100.0%
21.7%
19.0%
FCA
Truck
All
2011
2.9%
86.2%
11.0%
100.0%
50.6%
68.5%
FCA
Truck
All
2012
3.6%
91.0%
5.4%
100.0%
65.4%
87.5%
FCA
Truck
All
2013
3.2%
93.5%
3.3%
100.0%
75.1%
97.2%
FCA
Truck
All
2014
1.7%
98.0%
0.3%
100.0%
57.3%
97.6%
FCA
Truck
All
2015
2.2%
97.6%
0.1%
97.1%
2.9%
84.2%
96.8%
FCA
Truck
All
2016
2.2%
97.7%
0.1%
8.3%
89.3%
2.3%
81.3%
97.5%
FCA
Truck
All
2017
1.5%
98.2%
0.3%
0.4%
98.7%
0.9%
80.6%
98.9%
0.2%
FCA
Truck
All
2018
4.0%
94.5%
1.4%
7.6%
91.0%
1.4%
88.4%
92.7%
6.8%
FCA
All
All
1975
16.6%
83.4%
99.7%
0.3%
FCA
All
All
1976
16.6%
83.4%
99.9%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
1977
13.9%
86.1%
99.9%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
1978
20.8%
42.0%
37.2%
99.7%
0.3%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
1979
24.0%
36.7%
36.5%
2.7%
99.5%
0.3%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
1980
30.5%
26.2%
38.6%
4.8%
99.1%
0.9%
FCA
All
All
1981
33.6%
43.4%
18.9%
4.1%
97.2%
2.2%
0.6%
FCA
All
All
1982
26.4%
47.4%
22.9%
3.3%
98.4%
1.4%
0.2%
FCA
All
All
1983
31.1%
49.4%
16.8%
2.7%
88.4%
1.0%
10.1%
0.5%
FCA
All
All
1984
30.2%
57.1%
12.7%
77.4%
6.3%
16.1%
0.2%
FCA
All
All
1985
20.1%
68.6%
11.3%
67.7%
11.0%
21.2%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
1986
22.6%
59.1%
18.3%
56.5%
10.9%
32.7%
0.0%
FCA
All
All
1987
20.5%
41.5%
38.0%
49.3%
22.6%
28.0%
0.0%
FCA
All
All
1988
16.4%
12.8%
70.8%
12.8%
39.0%
48.1%
FCA
All
All
1989
15.5%
16.4%
68.1%
4.9%
47.8%
47.3%
FCA
All
All
1990
13.3%
4.4%
82.3%
2.0%
62.3%
35.7%
FCA
All
All
1991
14.5%
2.5%
83.1%
0.3%
65.7%
34.0%
FCA
All
All
1992
13.9%
1.4%
84.7%
78.9%
21.1%
FCA
All
All
1993
11.3%
1.1%
87.7%
84.0%
16.0%
FCA
All
All
1994
9.4%
0.7%
89.9%
88.1%
11.9%
10.0%
FCA
All
All
1995
13.3%
0.4%
86.4%
96.6%
3.4%
33.1%
0.0%
FCA
All
All
1996
6.4%
0.3%
93.3%
0.0%
100.0%
31.9%
0.0%
FCA
All
All
1997
9.2%
0.2%
90.5%
100.0%
33.9%
0.0%
FCA
All
All
1998
8.6%
91.4%
100.0%
31.5%
FCA
All
All
1999
5.5%
0.0%
94.5%
100.0%
31.1%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
2000
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
35.2%
0.0%
FCA
All
All
2001
6.0%
94.0%
100.0%
34.2%
0.0%
FCA
All
All
2002
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
34.3%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
2003
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
25.3%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
2004
5.5%
94.5%
100.0%
36.5%
FCA
All
All
2005
3.8%
0.1%
96.1%
99.6%
0.4%
32.2%
0.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-62 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Weight
(lbs)
Foot
print
(ft2)
Volume
(Cu-Ft)
Engine
0-60
Time
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Ton-
MPG
Cu Ft-
MPG
Cu Ft-Ton-
MPG
Drivetrain
2-Cycle
55/45*
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
Real-
World
City
Real-
World
Hwy
Real-
World
Comb
CID
HP
Front
4WD
Rear
FCA
All
All
2006
22.5
15.3
21.2
18.1
571
411
490
4374
234
232
8.9
1.012
0.0532
49.6
38.0%
29.7%
32.3%
FCA
All
All
2007
23.2
15.8
21.4
18.6
546
404
479
4326
223
223
9.0
1.037
0.0516
50.5
41.1%
34.4%
24.5%
FCA
All
All
2008
24.1
16.4
22.4
19.3
527
387
460
4306
50.1
217
217
9.3
1.028
0.0502
52.5
45.0%
30.1%
24.9%
FCA
All
All
2009
23.9
16.1
22.3
19.1
537
390
464
4401
50.9
224
229
8.9
1.050
0.0518
52.8
47.1%
28.6%
24.4%
FCA
All
All
2010
24.3
16.4
22.8
19.5
530
382
455
4338
50.9
222
227
9.0
1.032
0.0519
53.1
49.4%
26.6%
24.0%
FCA
All
All
2011
24.2
16.3
22.7
19.4
534
383
458
4482
51.8
234
268
8.2
1.160
0.0592
54.4
33.4%
44.3%
22.3%
FCA
All
All
2012
25.0
16.8
23.5
20.1
513
367
443
4362
51.4
225
271
8.0
1.212
0.0610
54.8
41.5%
37.6%
20.9%
FCA
All
All
2013
26.1
17.4
24.6
20.9
0
0
426
4326
51.5
216
267
7.9
1.259
0.0608
57.1
51.0%
29.6%
19.4%
FCA
All
All
2014
25.9
17.3
24.3
20.7
0
0
428
4476
52.2
222
272
7.8
1.253
0.0604
58.4
36.3%
44.7%
19.0%
FCA
All
All
2015
27.3
18.2
25.6
21.8
0
0
409
4321
50.7
208
260
7.7
1.268
0.0597
59.9
37.7%
46.3%
16.0%
FCA
All
All
2016
27.0
18.1
25.1
21.5
0
0
413
4339
51.4
213
263
7.8
1.257
0.0601
59.3
35.9%
47.6%
16.5%
FCA
All
All
2017
26.5
17.7
24.8
21.2
0
0
420
4510
52.8
223
280
7.5
1.279
0.0615
60.7
31.3%
53.2%
15.5%
FCA
All
All
2018
27.7
18.4
25.4
21.9
0
0
406
4439
51.6
211
279
7.4
1.361
0.0624
62.9
22.3%
59.4%
18.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
25.0
19.2
24.7
21.4
439
343
416
2606
117
113
0.957
0.0424
33.3
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
26.9
21.0
25.8
22.9
405
332
388
2568
112
107
0.946
0.0407
35.1
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
27.2
21.5
25.5
23.1
395
331
384
2555
78.7
111
106
0.948
0.0406
35.5
2272
2819
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
26.8
21.3
24.9
22.8
402
341
390
2534
78.8
111
105
11.9
0.941
0.0407
34.6
2213
2739
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
26.8
21.1
25.4
22.8
407
341
389
2494
83.2
109
85
15.4
0.772
0.0331
33.8
2337
2827
14.5%
85.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
31.2
24.9
29.0
26.6
351
302
335
2461
86.3
105
82
15.7
0.777
0.0327
38.7
2763
3353
19.6%
80.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
30.5
24.4
28.1
25.9
357
308
343
2530
84.7
113
89
15.3
0.774
0.0344
38.9
2672
3312
18.1%
81.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
30.7
24.3
28.8
26.1
353
297
341
2568
89.7
117
90
16.3
0.761
0.0344
40.1
2909
3625
44.2%
55.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
32.6
25.4
31.1
27.7
337
276
321
2520
93.5
116
90
14.5
0.760
0.0350
41.6
3196
3908
71.6%
28.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
31.9
24.8
30.8
27.2
345
279
327
2632
90.9
123
101
13.7
0.804
0.0373
42.4
3063
3875
49.0%
51.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
29.7
23.2
28.5
25.3
364
300
351
2726
93.1
127
102
13.8
0.788
0.0363
40.8
2925
3796
77.5%
22.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
30.1
23.2
29.1
25.5
365
296
348
2784
94.9
126
102
13.3
0.793
0.0357
42.1
2983
3994
75.4%
1.6%
23.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
29.5
22.5
28.6
25.0
384
305
356
2866
98.5
124
98
14.3
0.778
0.0332
42.4
2978
4177
90.8%
0.5%
8.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
30.6
23.4
29.1
25.8
368
299
345
2779
98.0
117
93
14.9
0.778
0.0325
42.8
3085
4192
91.3%
0.5%
8.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
30.3
22.9
28.9
25.4
378
303
350
2831
99.5
122
109
12.7
0.898
0.0381
43.0
3077
4290
86.8%
0.2%
13.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
28.8
21.6
27.6
24.1
401
316
368
2976
98.5
134
130
11.1
0.955
0.0425
43.0
2909
4241
81.8%
18.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
29.1
21.5
28.3
24.3
402
307
365
3031
98.1
135
138
10.7
1.033
0.0449
44.5
2925
4362
84.6%
2.0%
13.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
29.3
21.4
28.4
24.4
403
306
364
3053
98.8
135
140
10.4
1.042
0.0450
45.1
2960
4450
89.5%
1.5%
9.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
29.1
21.2
28.2
24.2
410
309
368
3085
100.1
135
141
9.7
1.047
0.0451
45.1
2969
4516
88.9%
0.8%
10.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
29.6
21.4
28.5
24.5
407
305
363
3056
101.7
134
140
9.7
1.051
0.0450
45.5
3060
4614
93.1%
0.1%
6.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
29.3
21.0
28.2
24.2
416
310
368
3110
103.6
143
154
9.4
1.086
0.0489
45.8
3077
4739
92.4%
0.1%
7.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
30.1
21.4
28.9
24.7
407
302
359
3086
103.6
141
152
9.7
1.088
0.0486
46.7
3157
4835
96.6%
0.3%
3.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
29.8
21.0
28.8
24.4
416
304
364
3098
103.3
139
151
9.8
1.095
0.0483
46.5
3118
4786
96.2%
0.1%
3.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
30.2
21.0
29.0
24.6
416
303
361
3217
104.5
141
151
10.3
1.079
0.0465
48.6
3182
5082
97.7%
0.5%
1.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
29.7
20.6
28.4
24.1
426
310
369
3279
105.6
143
151
10.4
1.068
0.0458
48.7
3161
5144
98.5%
0.3%
1.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
28.3
19.5
26.9
22.9
450
328
388
3343
108.6
153
172
9.3
1.118
0.0512
47.3
3087
5133
99.4%
0.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
28.2
19.3
26.6
22.7
454
331
391
3326
106.6
150
165
9.4
1.099
0.0493
46.9
3023
4993
99.7%
0.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
28.7
19.7
26.7
23.0
445
330
386
3359
110.5
158
177
9.2
1.114
0.0521
48.4
3200
5355
98.8%
1.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
28.0
19.1
26.0
22.4
460
339
396
3417
104.8
166
191
8.8
1.137
0.0554
48.1
2971
5053
84.2%
15.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
28.3
19.1
26.4
22.6
456
334
393
3502
104.5
171
202
8.6
1.175
0.0569
49.9
3021
5246
78.6%
3.2%
18.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
29.4
19.8
26.9
23.3
444
328
382
3504
110.8
164
194
8.7
1.174
0.0545
51.6
3296
5736
86.4%
2.5%
11.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
29.1
19.6
26.6
23.1
445
331
385
3508
109.0
164
197
8.8
1.192
0.0551
51.3
3226
5610
80.9%
5.3%
13.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-63 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
FCA
All
All
2006
3.4%
0.1%
96.5%
99.7%
0.3%
32.6%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
2007
3.6%
0.0%
82.0%
14.4%
99.8%
0.2%
36.5%
18.7%
FCA
All
All
2008
3.6%
0.2%
86.3%
9.9%
99.9%
0.1%
43.1%
20.0%
FCA
All
All
2009
2.7%
0.2%
87.0%
10.0%
100.0%
44.2%
33.1%
0.1%
FCA
All
All
2010
3.3%
0.1%
87.8%
8.8%
100.0%
44.1%
30.0%
FCA
All
All
2011
2.8%
85.4%
11.7%
100.0%
58.3%
72.6%
FCA
All
All
2012
4.5%
0.2%
88.3%
7.1%
100.0%
72.8%
89.6%
FCA
All
All
2013
5.2%
1.3%
90.0%
3.6%
99.8%
81.9%
98.0%
FCA
All
All
2014
2.5%
95.8%
1.7%
0.6%
99.3%
67.4%
98.2%
FCA
All
All
2015
3.0%
94.7%
2.3%
0.6%
97.2%
1.8%
86.8%
97.6%
FCA
All
All
2016
2.9%
93.0%
4.2%
6.1%
92.1%
1.6%
83.3%
98.1%
FCA
All
All
2017
1.9%
96.3%
1.8%
1.2%
97.7%
0.7%
81.6%
98.1%
0.2%
FCA
All
All
2018
4.2%
94.7%
1.1%
7.3%
91.5%
1.1%
87.1%
93.3%
5.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
78.6%
21.4%
67.7%
32.3%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
74.1%
25.9%
79.0%
21.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
72.0%
28.0%
77.6%
22.4%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
71.1%
28.9%
78.8%
21.2%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
73.4%
26.6%
76.0%
24.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
71.8%
28.2%
71.8%
28.2%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
65.9%
19.1%
15.0%
62.7%
36.2%
1.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
55.9%
20.7%
23.3%
62.5%
35.0%
2.5%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
58.7%
1.0%
38.4%
1.9%
69.6%
29.3%
1.1%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
59.1%
2.1%
38.2%
0.6%
47.1%
52.2%
0.7%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
50.8%
0.7%
48.5%
51.2%
47.0%
1.6%
0.2%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
51.9%
48.1%
47.4%
50.6%
2.0%
0.1%
90.7%
9.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
44.9%
55.1%
42.5%
32.9%
24.6%
6.7%
98.6%
1.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
48.8%
1.7%
49.5%
9.4%
33.3%
57.2%
3.3%
97.9%
2.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
42.4%
0.4%
57.2%
3.1%
47.6%
49.3%
56.7%
82.3%
17.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
39.2%
0.3%
60.5%
74.7%
25.3%
61.9%
1.8%
81.2%
18.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
34.8%
0.6%
64.6%
99.5%
0.5%
71.1%
26.8%
80.3%
19.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
34.1%
0.2%
65.8%
99.9%
0.1%
75.4%
37.0%
82.3%
17.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
27.5%
3.7%
68.8%
100.0%
77.1%
29.1%
84.1%
15.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
22.5%
4.5%
73.0%
100.0%
82.9%
36.6%
86.0%
14.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
25.5%
3.7%
70.8%
100.0%
99.1%
37.7%
77.3%
22.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
28.2%
3.5%
68.3%
100.0%
100.0%
57.2%
68.6%
31.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
20.2%
79.8%
100.0%
99.4%
46.3%
76.2%
23.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
18.2%
81.8%
100.0%
99.5%
43.7%
73.6%
26.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
12.5%
87.5%
100.0%
99.7%
34.8%
65.9%
34.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
10.1%
89.9%
100.0%
100.0%
40.9%
52.6%
47.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
9.6%
90.4%
100.0%
100.0%
35.8%
59.2%
40.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
10.7%
89.3%
100.0%
100.0%
63.3%
36.9%
63.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
13.2%
86.8%
100.0%
100.0%
62.5%
61.0%
39.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
10.9%
89.1%
100.0%
100.0%
83.8%
56.5%
43.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
7.9%
92.1%
100.0%
100.0%
94.1%
34.4%
65.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
8.5%
91.5%
100.0%
100.0%
93.9%
41.3%
53.1%
5.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-64 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
31.2
21.0
28.3
24.6
412
309
361
3499
111.6
163
195
8.6
1.182
0.0548
55.2
3583
6183
83.3%
5.2%
11.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
31.9
21.5
28.8
25.1
405
304
354
3469
45.3
109.6
159
194
8.6
1.205
0.0549
55.9
3582
6138
83.6%
5.6%
10.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
32.8
22.1
29.4
25.8
394
299
345
3447
45.0
109.2
154
188
8.6
1.195
0.0533
56.9
3660
6236
88.5%
4.6%
6.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
33.5
22.4
30.2
26.3
389
291
338
3439
45.2
110.0
156
192
8.5
1.208
0.0546
57.9
3763
6390
87.9%
5.2%
6.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
34.2
22.8
30.1
26.5
0
0
334
3432
44.8
108.7
151
189
8.6
1.252
0.0539
60.8
3916
6635
83.2%
10.0%
6.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
35.3
23.5
31.0
27.3
0
0
324
3383
44.9
110.3
148
180
8.8
1.217
0.0522
62.0
4106
6856
87.2%
7.4%
5.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
39.8
26.1
35.0
30.5
0
0
289
3413
45.8
110.8
149
188
8.5
1.275
0.0540
74.4
4925
8324
87.3%
7.5%
5.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
40.4
26.5
35.0
30.7
0
0
288
3290
45.1
111.2
139
175
8.9
1.239
0.0515
69.2
4776
7739
89.6%
5.8%
4.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
41.6
27.2
36.0
31.6
0
0
279
3308
45.4
113.9
141
172
8.9
1.220
0.0506
74.0
5141
8461
86.9%
9.4%
3.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
40.6
26.2
35.1
30.6
0
0
289
3354
45.7
114.2
146
183
8.7
1.241
0.0531
71.4
4917
8181
88.1%
8.3%
3.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
39.8
25.7
34.8
30.2
0
0
293
3374
45.7
114.5
145
182
8.8
1.236
0.0523
69.5
4783
7978
82.4%
13.2%
4.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
40.5
26.3
35.0
30.6
0
0
286
3393
45.8
115.0
145
182
8.8
1.242
0.0521
76.2
5201
8781
83.9%
11.8%
4.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1975
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1976
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1977
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1978
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1979
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1980
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1981
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1982
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1983
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1984
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1985
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1986
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1987
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1988
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1989
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1990
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1991
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1992
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1993
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1994
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1995
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1996
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1997
24.1
18.1
20.9
19.5
489
425
456
4000
175
167
10.7
0.951
0.0417
48.3
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1998
24.3
18.1
21.2
19.6
491
419
453
3943
176
167
10.9
0.951
0.0424
47.9
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1999
22.9
16.9
20.1
18.5
524
443
481
3995
182
173
10.8
0.952
0.0434
45.9
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2000
20.9
15.2
18.6
16.9
582
477
526
4000
192
172
10.3
0.900
0.0430
41.9
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2001
20.9
15.0
18.9
16.9
590
469
526
4000
194
168
10.3
0.868
0.0420
42.0
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2002
21.4
15.2
19.2
17.2
583
460
517
4000
193
172
10.3
0.889
0.0429
42.9
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2003
23.7
16.6
21.4
19.0
532
411
469
3884
188
187
9.6
0.991
0.0479
46.3
43.8%
56.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2004
23.4
16.2
21.5
18.8
546
411
473
3983
204
206
9.0
1.012
0.0515
46.9
53.9%
46.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2005
23.8
16.2
21.9
19.0
542
405
467
4143
216
242
8.1
1.124
0.0582
49.4
59.7%
40.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2006
23.7
16.2
21.7
18.9
544
407
470
4154
217
243
8.1
1.118
0.0582
49.3
57.7%
42.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2007
24.2
16.4
22.4
19.4
537
394
458
4171
216
243
8.1
1.133
0.0584
50.7
68.4%
31.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-65 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
6.6%
31.8%
61.6%
100.0%
100.0%
95.6%
1.2%
11.3%
83.8%
4.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
5.9%
24.9%
69.2%
100.0%
100.0%
94.0%
1.1%
21.9%
75.8%
2.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
5.3%
28.9%
65.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.6%
19.7%
79.3%
1.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
3.3%
0.2%
24.1%
72.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
19.0%
80.3%
0.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
3.3%
30.7%
66.0%
7.0%
91.7%
98.7%
98.7%
0.7%
26.1%
73.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
2.1%
21.2%
76.7%
4.6%
93.9%
98.5%
98.5%
0.1%
31.6%
68.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
2.0%
12.4%
85.7%
96.8%
96.8%
96.8%
0.0%
25.2%
74.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
3.6%
9.2%
87.3%
98.8%
98.8%
98.8%
0.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
2.7%
10.5%
86.8%
2.6%
94.4%
97.1%
97.1%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
1.8%
8.8%
89.4%
4.2%
94.1%
98.3%
98.3%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
2.0%
10.3%
87.7%
14.5%
84.4%
98.9%
98.9%
0.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
1.9%
14.6%
83.5%
12.9%
82.8%
95.7%
95.7%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1975
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1976
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1977
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1978
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1979
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1980
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1981
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1982
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1983
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1984
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1985
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1986
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1987
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1988
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1989
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1990
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1991
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1992
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1993
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1994
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1995
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1996
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1997
14.7%
85.3%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1998
13.6%
86.4%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
1999
6.0%
94.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2000
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%
47.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2001
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
26.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2002
11.1%
88.9%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2003
4.9%
74.6%
20.5%
100.0%
68.6%
25.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2004
4.8%
72.5%
22.7%
100.0%
66.3%
39.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2005
2.2%
62.1%
35.7%
100.0%
100.0%
76.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2006
2.9%
61.3%
35.8%
100.0%
100.0%
89.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2007
1.1%
62.5%
36.3%
100.0%
100.0%
91.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-66 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2008
26.5
18.1
23.9
21.0
476
367
424
3946
45.8
190
217
8.7
1.147
0.0546
52.7
60.8%
39.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2009
27.6
19.0
24.5
21.8
461
360
408
3870
47.1
191
227
8.0
1.181
0.0580
53.6
87.3%
12.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2010
28.1
19.4
24.7
22.1
449
357
403
3834
46.2
184
215
8.4
1.165
0.0555
54.1
85.2%
14.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2011
30.4
20.9
26.2
23.6
418
335
376
3690
45.8
169
195
8.8
1.153
0.0522
56.5
92.0%
8.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2012
30.6
21.1
26.3
23.8
416
335
374
3694
45.8
171
202
8.6
1.177
0.0540
56.8
91.7%
8.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2013
31.6
21.7
27.0
24.5
404
327
363
3628
45.4
162
187
8.9
1.153
0.0511
57.6
93.1%
6.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2014
32.9
22.4
28.3
25.4
389
310
350
3633
46.1
163
188
8.9
1.152
0.0513
60.5
96.0%
4.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2015
35.9
24.3
30.5
27.5
363
290
324
3529
45.6
150
170
9.2
1.134
0.0481
63.7
97.1%
2.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2016
37.5
25.2
31.8
28.6
352
279
311
3514
46.3
152
171
9.1
1.126
0.0486
66.0
98.6%
1.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2017
38.0
25.3
32.4
28.9
349
274
307
3528
46.3
151
172
9.2
1.133
0.0486
67.3
97.4%
2.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2018
38.6
25.7
32.9
29.4
345
270
303
3589
46.1
148
167
9.3
1.128
0.0466
69.5
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1975
25.0
19.2
24.7
21.4
439
343
416
2606
117
113
0.957
0.0424
33.3
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1976
26.9
21.0
25.8
22.9
405
332
388
2568
112
107
0.946
0.0407
35.1
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1977
27.2
21.5
25.5
23.1
395
331
384
2555
111
106
0.948
0.0406
35.5
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1978
26.8
21.3
24.9
22.8
402
341
390
2534
111
105
11.9
0.941
0.0407
34.6
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1979
26.8
21.1
25.4
22.8
407
341
389
2494
109
85
15.4
0.772
0.0331
33.8
14.5%
85.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1980
31.2
24.9
29.0
26.6
351
302
335
2461
105
82
15.7
0.777
0.0327
38.7
19.6%
80.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1981
30.5
24.4
28.1
25.9
357
308
343
2530
113
89
15.3
0.774
0.0344
38.9
18.1%
81.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1982
30.7
24.3
28.8
26.1
353
297
341
2568
117
90
16.3
0.761
0.0344
40.1
44.2%
55.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1983
32.6
25.4
31.1
27.7
337
276
321
2520
116
90
14.5
0.760
0.0350
41.6
71.6%
28.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1984
31.9
24.8
30.8
27.2
345
279
327
2632
123
101
13.7
0.804
0.0373
42.4
49.0%
51.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1985
29.7
23.2
28.5
25.3
364
300
351
2726
127
102
13.8
0.788
0.0363
40.8
77.5%
22.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1986
30.1
23.2
29.1
25.5
365
296
348
2784
126
102
13.3
0.793
0.0357
42.1
75.4%
1.6%
23.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1987
29.5
22.5
28.6
25.0
384
305
356
2866
124
98
14.3
0.778
0.0332
42.4
90.8%
0.5%
8.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1988
30.6
23.4
29.1
25.8
368
299
345
2779
117
93
14.9
0.778
0.0325
42.8
91.3%
0.5%
8.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1989
30.3
22.9
28.9
25.4
378
303
350
2831
122
109
12.7
0.898
0.0381
43.0
86.8%
0.2%
13.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1990
28.8
21.6
27.6
24.1
401
316
368
2976
134
130
11.1
0.955
0.0425
43.0
81.8%
18.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1991
29.1
21.5
28.3
24.3
402
307
365
3031
135
138
10.7
1.033
0.0449
44.5
84.6%
2.0%
13.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1992
29.3
21.4
28.4
24.4
403
306
364
3053
135
140
10.4
1.042
0.0450
45.1
89.5%
1.5%
9.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1993
29.1
21.2
28.2
24.2
410
309
368
3085
135
141
9.7
1.047
0.0451
45.1
88.9%
0.8%
10.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1994
29.6
21.4
28.5
24.5
407
305
363
3056
134
140
9.7
1.051
0.0450
45.5
93.1%
0.1%
6.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1995
29.3
21.0
28.2
24.2
416
310
368
3110
143
154
9.4
1.086
0.0489
45.8
92.4%
0.1%
7.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1996
30.1
21.4
28.9
24.7
407
302
359
3086
141
152
9.7
1.088
0.0486
46.7
96.6%
0.3%
3.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1997
29.7
20.9
28.6
24.3
417
305
365
3111
140
151
9.8
1.093
0.0482
46.5
94.8%
0.1%
5.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1998
30.0
20.9
28.8
24.5
418
304
363
3232
142
151
10.3
1.076
0.0464
48.6
95.8%
0.5%
3.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1999
29.3
20.4
27.9
23.8
430
314
374
3310
145
152
10.4
1.063
0.0457
48.5
94.2%
0.3%
5.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2000
27.1
18.9
25.6
22.0
463
341
404
3421
158
172
9.4
1.092
0.0502
46.6
87.6%
12.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2001
27.3
18.8
25.7
22.1
463
340
403
3387
154
165
9.4
1.078
0.0486
46.4
90.7%
9.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2002
27.7
19.1
25.6
22.2
456
341
400
3428
162
176
9.3
1.090
0.0511
47.8
88.2%
11.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2003
27.4
18.7
25.4
21.9
468
347
405
3475
169
190
8.9
1.119
0.0545
47.9
79.2%
20.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2004
27.4
18.5
25.4
21.9
469
344
406
3583
177
203
8.6
1.148
0.0560
49.4
74.4%
2.7%
22.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2005
28.6
19.3
26.2
22.7
453
335
391
3575
170
199
8.6
1.168
0.0549
51.4
83.4%
2.2%
14.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2006
28.4
19.2
26.0
22.5
454
337
394
3576
169
202
8.7
1.185
0.0555
51.1
78.4%
4.7%
16.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2007
30.2
20.4
27.5
23.9
424
317
372
3575
169
201
8.5
1.176
0.0552
54.7
81.6%
4.6%
13.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2008
31.3
21.1
28.3
24.7
411
309
360
3511
45.3
161
196
8.6
1.200
0.0549
55.6
81.6%
5.1%
13.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-67 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2008
0.4%
52.9%
46.7%
100.0%
100.0%
93.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2009
0.1%
15.9%
84.0%
100.0%
100.0%
99.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2010
0.1%
20.8%
79.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2011
0.5%
10.4%
89.0%
100.0%
100.0%
97.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2012
0.5%
8.3%
91.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2013
0.8%
7.0%
92.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2014
1.0%
4.0%
95.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2015
0.9%
2.9%
96.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2016
0.3%
1.4%
98.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2017
0.4%
2.6%
97.0%
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
Car SUV
2018
0.7%
99.3%
4.3%
95.7%
100.0%
100.0%
4.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1975
78.6%
21.4%
67.7%
32.3%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1976
74.1%
25.9%
79.0%
21.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1977
72.0%
28.0%
77.6%
22.4%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1978
71.1%
28.9%
78.8%
21.2%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1979
73.4%
26.6%
76.0%
24.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1980
71.8%
28.2%
71.8%
28.2%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1981
65.9%
19.1%
15.0%
62.7%
36.2%
1.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1982
55.9%
20.7%
23.3%
62.5%
35.0%
2.5%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1983
58.7%
1.0%
38.4%
1.9%
69.6%
29.3%
1.1%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1984
59.1%
2.1%
38.2%
0.6%
47.1%
52.2%
0.7%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1985
50.8%
0.7%
48.5%
51.2%
47.0%
1.6%
0.2%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1986
51.9%
48.1%
47.4%
50.6%
2.0%
0.1%
90.7%
9.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1987
44.9%
55.1%
42.5%
32.9%
24.6%
6.7%
98.6%
1.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1988
48.8%
1.7%
49.5%
9.4%
33.3%
57.2%
3.3%
97.9%
2.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1989
42.4%
0.4%
57.2%
3.1%
47.6%
49.3%
56.7%
82.3%
17.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1990
39.2%
0.3%
60.5%
74.7%
25.3%
61.9%
1.8%
81.2%
18.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1991
34.8%
0.6%
64.6%
99.5%
0.5%
71.1%
26.8%
80.3%
19.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1992
34.1%
0.2%
65.8%
99.9%
0.1%
75.4%
37.0%
82.3%
17.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1993
27.5%
3.7%
68.8%
100.0%
77.1%
29.1%
84.1%
15.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1994
22.5%
4.5%
73.0%
100.0%
82.9%
36.6%
86.0%
14.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1995
25.5%
3.7%
70.8%
100.0%
99.1%
37.7%
77.3%
22.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1996
28.2%
3.5%
68.3%
100.0%
100.0%
57.2%
68.6%
31.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1997
20.1%
79.9%
100.0%
99.4%
45.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1998
18.1%
81.9%
100.0%
99.5%
42.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
1999
12.3%
87.7%
100.0%
99.7%
33.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2000
9.8%
90.2%
100.0%
93.7%
36.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2001
9.5%
90.5%
100.0%
93.3%
32.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2002
10.7%
89.3%
100.0%
100.0%
56.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2003
12.1%
85.3%
2.6%
100.0%
96.1%
57.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2004
9.9%
86.3%
3.8%
100.0%
94.3%
76.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2005
7.3%
88.8%
4.0%
100.0%
100.0%
92.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2006
7.9%
88.3%
3.8%
100.0%
100.0%
93.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2007
6.0%
35.3%
58.7%
100.0%
100.0%
95.1%
1.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2008
5.4%
27.4%
67.2%
100.0%
100.0%
94.0%
1.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-68 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2009
32.1
21.7
28.8
25.2
401
305
352
3496
45.2
158
192
8.5
1.193
0.0538
56.5
88.4%
4.1%
7.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2010
32.7
22.0
29.4
25.7
395
297
346
3486
45.3
159
195
8.5
1.203
0.0547
57.5
87.6%
4.6%
7.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2011
33.6
22.6
29.5
26.1
0
0
340
3467
45.0
153
190
8.7
1.239
0.0537
60.2
84.4%
8.6%
6.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2012
34.7
23.2
30.4
26.9
0
0
330
3416
45.0
150
183
8.7
1.213
0.0524
61.5
87.7%
6.7%
5.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2013
38.5
25.4
33.7
29.5
0
0
299
3442
45.7
151
188
8.5
1.258
0.0536
72.1
88.1%
6.5%
5.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2014
39.3
25.9
34.0
30.0
0
0
296
3331
45.2
142
176
8.9
1.229
0.0515
68.2
90.4%
5.1%
4.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2015
40.7
26.8
35.1
31.0
0
0
285
3338
45.4
142
171
9.0
1.208
0.0502
72.6
88.3%
8.1%
3.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2016
40.0
26.0
34.5
30.3
0
0
293
3381
45.8
147
181
8.8
1.221
0.0524
70.5
89.9%
6.9%
3.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2017
39.5
25.7
34.4
30.0
0
0
295
3398
45.8
146
180
8.9
1.220
0.0517
69.2
84.7%
11.2%
4.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2018
40.1
26.2
34.6
30.4
0
0
288
3425
45.8
145
179
8.9
1.223
0.0512
75.1
86.5%
9.9%
3.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1975
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1976
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1977
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1978
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1979
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1980
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1981
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1982
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1983
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1984
31.0
25.1
28.0
26.3
354
316
338
2750
122
88
16.6
0.721
0.0320
42.7
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1985
27.1
22.3
24.0
23.0
399
371
387
2985
122
88
17.5
0.721
0.0295
40.5
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1986
27.1
22.1
23.9
22.9
402
371
388
3000
122
88
16.8
0.721
0.0293
40.7
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1987
22.5
17.8
20.8
19.0
500
427
467
3448
145
106
15.5
0.732
0.0308
38.9
1.0%
99.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1988
22.5
17.5
21.0
19.0
508
424
469
3516
144
106
15.9
0.738
0.0303
39.6
2.0%
98.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1989
23.3
18.2
21.1
19.5
486
421
456
3298
141
106
15.0
0.751
0.0323
38.3
9.8%
90.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1990
25.1
19.1
23.5
21.0
465
376
424
3436
146
134
12.0
0.917
0.0390
43.1
75.3%
10.3%
14.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1991
26.2
20.2
23.6
21.7
439
375
409
3174
133
118
13.1
0.886
0.0372
41.5
99.7%
0.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1992
27.0
20.1
25.4
22.4
439
348
396
3293
131
115
12.8
0.892
0.0351
44.5
87.2%
12.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1993
22.8
16.7
22.1
19.0
525
399
468
3815
169
144
11.2
0.866
0.0378
43.5
99.4%
0.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1994
23.0
16.6
22.3
19.1
533
399
466
3956
178
150
11.1
0.844
0.0378
45.4
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1995
23.0
16.5
22.3
19.0
538
399
467
4000
181
151
11.4
0.834
0.0378
46.0
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1996
23.0
16.5
22.1
19.0
538
402
468
3987
180
151
11.9
0.837
0.0378
45.8
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1997
22.6
16.1
21.6
18.6
551
411
478
4000
181
151
11.8
0.834
0.0378
45.2
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1998
22.7
16.0
21.8
18.7
554
407
477
4000
181
151
12.2
0.834
0.0378
45.4
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1999
23.1
15.9
22.9
19.0
560
387
468
4000
200
170
11.2
0.850
0.0425
46.1
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2000
22.8
15.7
22.5
18.7
567
395
474
4000
200
170
10.7
0.850
0.0425
45.7
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2001
22.6
15.5
21.9
18.4
573
406
482
4000
200
170
10.5
0.850
0.0425
45.1
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2002
22.6
15.4
21.8
18.4
577
408
484
4000
200
170
10.7
0.850
0.0425
45.1
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2003
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2004
24.6
16.4
23.7
19.9
540
376
447
4500
214
240
9.0
1.121
0.0533
55.3
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2005
24.7
16.4
23.5
19.9
540
378
448
4500
214
240
8.8
1.121
0.0533
55.5
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2006
24.9
16.6
23.7
20.1
534
374
443
4500
214
240
9.0
1.121
0.0533
56.1
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2007
24.5
16.3
23.5
19.7
546
378
450
4500
214
240
8.9
1.121
0.0533
55.0
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2008
24.5
16.3
23.5
19.7
546
378
450
4500
57.9
214
240
8.9
1.121
0.0533
55.1
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2009
24.5
16.3
23.5
19.7
546
378
450
4500
58.0
214
240
8.7
1.121
0.0533
55.1
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-69 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2009
4.7%
27.4%
67.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2010
2.9%
0.2%
23.7%
73.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2011
2.9%
27.9%
69.2%
6.0%
92.8%
98.8%
98.5%
0.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2012
1.9%
19.9%
78.2%
4.1%
94.6%
98.6%
98.6%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2013
1.8%
11.6%
86.5%
97.3%
97.3%
97.3%
0.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2014
3.3%
8.5%
88.2%
98.9%
98.9%
98.9%
0.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2015
2.4%
9.5%
88.1%
2.3%
95.2%
97.5%
97.5%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2016
1.6%
7.5%
90.9%
3.5%
95.1%
98.6%
98.6%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2017
1.7%
9.1%
89.1%
12.4%
86.7%
99.1%
99.1%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Car
All
2018
1.7%
12.2%
86.0%
11.5%
84.9%
96.4%
96.4%
0.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1975
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1976
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1977
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1978
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1979
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1980
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1981
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1982
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1983
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1984
19.4%
78.9%
1.7%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1985
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1986
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1987
13.1%
86.9%
0.6%
26.4%
73.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1988
7.7%
92.3%
49.5%
50.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1989
0.6%
99.4%
96.5%
3.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1990
23.7%
76.3%
98.6%
1.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1991
11.0%
89.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1992
27.6%
72.4%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1993
2.7%
97.3%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1994
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1995
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1996
100.0%
100.0%
2.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1997
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1998
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
1999
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2003
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-70 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2010
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2011
27.1
18.5
24.3
21.4
480
366
415
4500
55.7
214
260
8.1
1.215
0.0578
61.0
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2012
27.4
18.8
24.4
21.6
474
364
411
4500
55.7
214
265
8.0
1.241
0.0589
61.7
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2013
29.5
20.3
24.8
22.7
433
358
392
4172
53.2
184
221
9.1
1.186
0.0518
61.3
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2014
30.8
21.3
25.0
23.3
412
355
382
3949
51.5
163
189
9.9
1.138
0.0466
60.6
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2015
33.4
22.9
26.5
24.8
385
336
358
3744
49.8
144
162
10.6
1.108
0.0424
62.4
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2016
32.4
22.0
26.7
24.4
399
333
364
3935
51.4
162
187
9.9
1.136
0.0463
63.6
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2017
34.0
23.5
26.5
25.1
377
336
354
3651
49.1
136
150
10.9
1.095
0.0405
62.0
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2018
34.8
24.0
26.0
25.1
370
342
354
3500
47.9
122
131
11.4
1.073
0.0374
60.9
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
21.2
17.2
19.1
18.0
516
465
493
3500
156
105
15.0
0.673
0.0300
37.2
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
21.4
17.7
18.9
18.2
503
470
489
3500
156
106
15.2
0.679
0.0303
37.6
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
21.9
18.1
19.2
18.6
490
462
478
3500
156
106
14.9
0.679
0.0303
38.4
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
22.0
18.1
19.2
18.6
491
462
479
3500
156
106
14.3
0.679
0.0303
38.5
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
19.2
15.2
17.4
16.2
582
507
549
3881
171
128
13.9
0.750
0.0330
37.2
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
18.9
14.8
17.3
15.9
599
512
559
3904
176
134
13.6
0.759
0.0342
36.8
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
19.1
15.0
17.3
16.0
593
512
555
3982
180
143
12.7
0.794
0.0359
38.0
89.6%
10.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
19.6
15.1
18.0
16.4
588
492
542
4000
181
149
11.8
0.826
0.0374
39.2
94.6%
5.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
19.6
15.0
18.0
16.3
592
493
544
4000
181
150
11.8
0.829
0.0375
39.2
89.2%
10.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
19.5
14.8
18.1
16.3
600
492
547
4106
181
153
11.6
0.843
0.0373
40.1
80.2%
19.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
19.4
14.7
17.9
16.1
606
497
552
4346
181
153
11.2
0.843
0.0352
42.2
78.4%
21.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
18.6
14.1
17.0
15.4
631
523
577
4384
183
156
11.2
0.851
0.0357
40.9
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
19.0
14.2
17.4
15.7
627
511
568
4273
183
161
11.1
0.874
0.0376
40.6
77.6%
22.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.7
14.7
17.9
16.2
606
496
549
4087
198
170
10.8
0.857
0.0415
40.3
76.3%
23.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
19.9
14.6
18.1
16.3
605
490
546
4369
199
170
11.2
0.858
0.0391
43.5
83.7%
16.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
19.8
14.5
18.1
16.2
613
491
549
4383
198
170
11.6
0.860
0.0390
43.4
83.2%
16.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
19.9
14.4
18.1
16.2
614
490
549
4369
198
171
11.5
0.865
0.0393
43.5
73.9%
26.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
19.8
14.4
17.8
16.0
617
499
554
4442
196
172
11.1
0.875
0.0387
44.1
88.5%
11.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.1
14.5
18.0
16.2
612
491
547
4411
205
211
9.7
1.022
0.0480
44.5
74.9%
25.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
19.6
14.0
17.6
15.8
633
505
563
4521
208
208
9.9
0.997
0.0462
44.3
86.1%
13.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
21.5
15.1
19.5
17.3
584
451
515
4311
205
219
9.3
1.062
0.0509
46.4
82.6%
17.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
20.0
13.8
18.6
16.1
634
474
551
4853
270
261
8.6
0.982
0.0537
48.4
73.7%
26.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
20.8
14.2
19.6
16.8
618
449
528
4823
252
269
8.2
1.085
0.0561
50.3
75.5%
24.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
21.0
14.2
19.8
16.9
615
445
525
4851
252
268
8.3
1.081
0.0555
51.0
70.6%
29.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
22.1
15.0
20.6
17.8
581
428
500
4714
241
262
8.4
1.102
0.0558
52.2
80.3%
19.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
22.4
15.2
20.8
18.0
561
418
495
4761
49.1
237
267
8.7
1.130
0.0554
53.6
74.3%
25.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
25.4
17.5
22.7
20.1
496
388
441
4336
48.0
206
239
8.4
1.163
0.0548
55.3
95.5%
4.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
24.1
16.6
21.9
19.2
515
399
463
4536
48.6
222
242
8.6
1.113
0.0532
55.0
85.9%
14.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-71 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2010
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Van
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
78.2%
21.8%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
83.1%
16.9%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
84.4%
15.6%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
57.1%
6.7%
36.2%
23.9%
76.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
49.0%
6.8%
44.2%
19.2%
80.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
43.5%
26.7%
29.8%
3.5%
33.8%
62.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
28.4%
71.6%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
28.3%
71.7%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
24.5%
75.5%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
19.6%
80.4%
100.0%
7.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
23.9%
76.1%
100.0%
23.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.8%
80.2%
100.0%
17.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
10.0%
90.0%
100.0%
19.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
6.8%
93.2%
100.0%
17.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
19.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
6.0%
94.0%
100.0%
25.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
76.9%
59.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
14.5%
85.5%
100.0%
98.2%
40.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
1.5%
82.7%
15.7%
100.0%
82.1%
55.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
1.1%
87.5%
11.4%
100.0%
87.9%
76.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
1.2%
81.9%
16.9%
100.0%
100.0%
92.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
1.7%
77.4%
20.9%
100.0%
100.0%
95.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
1.2%
64.9%
33.9%
100.0%
100.0%
96.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
0.5%
73.7%
25.8%
100.0%
100.0%
97.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
0.2%
25.9%
73.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
0.6%
44.9%
54.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-72 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
25.1
17.3
22.6
20.0
492
385
445
4489
48.1
215
238
8.8
1.118
0.0522
56.9
1.5%
85.8%
12.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
25.0
17.1
22.7
19.9
497
384
446
4522
48.3
217
243
8.7
1.137
0.0531
57.0
1.5%
83.8%
14.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
27.7
19.0
24.4
21.8
457
360
408
4315
49.1
200
234
8.6
1.170
0.0535
60.0
17.2%
79.5%
3.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
28.7
19.5
25.5
22.5
440
342
395
4384
49.7
202
238
8.6
1.180
0.0536
63.7
20.2%
75.6%
4.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
30.7
20.6
26.8
23.8
416
324
374
4289
49.0
191
221
9.0
1.159
0.0507
66.7
17.5%
78.8%
3.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
33.5
22.5
28.9
25.8
386
303
345
4181
47.8
174
201
9.4
1.150
0.0475
70.5
15.3%
82.8%
1.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
30.7
20.6
27.7
24.1
414
311
368
4417
49.3
195
236
8.8
1.201
0.0522
68.5
18.2%
76.2%
5.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
31.6
21.3
27.7
24.5
399
312
362
4340
48.8
185
224
9.0
1.209
0.0505
69.6
17.7%
76.9%
5.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1975
23.6
18.0
23.5
20.1
493
377
441
2750
119
107
0.901
0.0390
32.5
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1976
24.5
19.1
23.7
20.9
466
374
425
2750
119
109
0.917
0.0397
33.8
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1977
25.0
19.5
24.0
21.3
456
370
418
2750
119
109
0.914
0.0396
34.4
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1978
25.6
20.7
23.1
21.7
428
382
409
2786
119
107
12.1
0.899
0.0385
35.7
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1979
23.2
18.4
21.6
19.7
480
405
451
2781
119
92
15.1
0.773
0.0332
32.4
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1980
25.1
20.3
22.7
21.3
431
384
417
2830
119
92
15.4
0.770
0.0325
35.8
14.2%
85.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1981
27.7
22.3
25.3
23.6
398
354
384
2893
133
92
15.6
0.693
0.0320
40.9
28.0%
72.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1982
27.8
22.5
25.1
23.6
399
358
385
2894
133
91
16.9
0.685
0.0317
40.9
24.2%
75.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1983
27.6
22.0
25.6
23.5
401
344
381
3031
140
99
14.6
0.708
0.0329
42.3
24.4%
75.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1984
26.3
21.0
24.5
22.4
419
356
397
3145
144
102
14.5
0.708
0.0326
41.8
30.7%
69.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1985
25.9
20.8
23.8
22.0
425
370
403
3101
144
102
14.3
0.706
0.0329
40.3
24.3%
75.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1986
25.0
19.6
23.4
21.2
449
376
420
3194
149
108
13.3
0.724
0.0339
39.9
24.1%
75.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1987
25.6
19.8
24.4
21.7
443
358
410
3125
148
108
13.4
0.732
0.0346
40.2
13.9%
86.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1988
25.6
19.9
23.8
21.5
441
367
413
3138
145
107
13.8
0.735
0.0341
40.3
19.5%
80.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1989
25.3
19.3
23.7
21.2
453
369
419
3179
148
110
13.1
0.737
0.0345
40.2
22.1%
77.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1990
26.7
20.4
24.7
22.3
430
357
399
3147
149
132
10.7
0.889
0.0422
42.1
16.6%
83.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1991
26.5
20.1
24.5
22.0
436
360
403
3178
149
132
10.9
0.890
0.0419
42.2
18.7%
81.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1992
26.4
19.9
24.3
21.9
441
362
407
3195
149
132
10.7
0.888
0.0417
42.3
19.5%
80.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1993
26.3
19.7
24.1
21.7
444
364
410
3241
149
135
10.0
0.903
0.0419
42.7
21.3%
78.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1994
25.5
19.1
23.3
21.0
458
376
423
3300
151
135
10.0
0.895
0.0414
42.2
26.6%
73.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1995
24.9
18.6
22.5
20.4
469
389
435
3345
153
137
10.2
0.898
0.0413
41.8
23.9%
76.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1996
25.2
18.7
22.5
20.5
472
390
433
3352
146
134
10.9
0.917
0.0404
42.2
17.8%
82.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1997
24.9
18.5
22.1
20.2
478
398
440
3350
146
134
10.8
0.918
0.0405
41.7
20.8%
79.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1998
25.5
18.7
22.7
20.6
472
389
431
3604
146
142
11.2
0.973
0.0396
46.1
24.6%
75.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1999
23.3
17.0
20.6
18.8
513
424
473
3788
166
152
11.2
0.923
0.0401
44.3
38.9%
61.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2000
21.8
15.9
19.4
17.6
549
450
505
3918
177
158
10.7
0.903
0.0405
43.1
25.4%
74.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2001
22.2
16.1
19.7
17.9
543
444
498
3880
178
161
10.3
0.916
0.0416
43.5
21.9%
78.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2002
22.0
15.8
19.4
17.6
553
452
505
3944
179
163
10.5
0.915
0.0413
43.6
24.3%
75.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2003
22.4
15.9
19.8
17.9
551
444
497
3945
182
170
10.2
0.939
0.0431
44.3
28.1%
71.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2004
23.2
16.2
20.8
18.5
540
424
480
3870
177
166
10.3
0.940
0.0427
45.1
23.7%
76.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2005
19.4
13.3
18.0
15.7
661
490
568
4895
290
281
8.1
0.984
0.0573
47.5
41.7%
58.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2006
19.8
13.6
18.3
15.9
646
482
558
4808
278
269
8.4
0.983
0.0556
47.6
35.6%
64.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2007
20.2
13.9
18.6
16.2
632
474
548
4756
267
262
8.6
0.993
0.0547
48.0
33.0%
67.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2008
19.4
13.3
18.2
15.7
661
486
566
5130
65.1
290
341
7.9
1.158
0.0654
49.7
38.6%
61.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2009
20.3
14.0
18.8
16.4
627
468
543
4921
58.7
270
270
8.4
1.010
0.0545
50.0
41.9%
58.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2010
20.4
14.0
18.9
16.4
630
466
541
4943
58.2
269
270
8.5
1.012
0.0544
50.3
49.7%
50.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2011
20.4
14.0
19.0
16.5
628
465
539
4905
58.3
270
272
8.4
1.018
0.0554
49.9
54.5%
45.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-73 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
0.6%
43.4%
56.0%
7.0%
93.0%
100.0%
96.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
0.6%
43.0%
56.4%
8.0%
92.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
0.2%
13.4%
86.5%
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
1.4%
12.2%
86.4%
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
100.0%
2.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
1.0%
11.2%
87.7%
4.6%
95.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
6.7%
93.3%
4.7%
95.3%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
14.3%
85.7%
43.9%
56.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
11.9%
88.1%
44.5%
55.5%
100.0%
100.0%
2.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1975
90.0%
10.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1976
90.0%
10.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1977
85.4%
14.6%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1978
87.6%
12.4%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1979
88.5%
11.5%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1980
91.9%
8.1%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1981
94.6%
5.4%
84.0%
16.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1982
94.5%
5.5%
81.2%
18.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1983
95.0%
2.1%
2.9%
93.7%
6.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1984
91.5%
0.2%
8.4%
98.5%
1.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1985
88.0%
0.2%
11.8%
99.5%
0.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1986
87.4%
0.9%
11.7%
40.9%
59.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1987
79.9%
3.3%
16.8%
17.9%
82.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1988
81.5%
3.8%
14.7%
29.0%
71.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1989
80.3%
2.8%
16.9%
16.0%
84.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1990
84.5%
15.5%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1991
79.4%
20.6%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1992
79.1%
20.9%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1993
76.7%
23.3%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1994
78.3%
21.7%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1995
77.5%
22.5%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1996
76.7%
23.3%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1997
79.6%
20.4%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1998
74.2%
25.8%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
1999
48.2%
51.8%
100.0%
62.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2000
33.7%
66.3%
100.0%
41.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2001
33.4%
66.6%
100.0%
41.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2002
28.6%
71.4%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2003
28.3%
71.7%
100.0%
32.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2004
29.5%
70.5%
100.0%
42.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2005
7.3%
92.7%
100.0%
100.0%
94.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2006
8.8%
91.2%
100.0%
93.8%
93.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2007
9.1%
90.9%
100.0%
93.1%
93.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2008
4.6%
95.4%
100.0%
97.4%
97.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2009
6.9%
93.1%
100.0%
98.7%
98.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2010
4.6%
95.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2011
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-74 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2012
20.6
14.2
19.1
16.6
622
463
535
4839
57.5
266
273
8.3
1.038
0.0566
49.7
53.6%
46.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2013
22.3
15.2
20.8
17.9
579
424
496
4666
56.5
244
249
8.8
1.029
0.0531
52.0
44.3%
55.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2014
22.2
15.1
20.7
17.8
583
426
498
4689
56.7
246
252
8.8
1.030
0.0535
51.9
45.1%
54.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2015
22.5
15.3
21.0
18.1
573
420
491
4635
56.3
241
248
8.8
1.033
0.0531
52.1
44.1%
55.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2016
23.4
15.9
21.8
18.8
557
408
473
4455
54.5
227
241
8.8
1.056
0.0538
52.1
41.5%
58.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2017
23.1
15.7
21.4
18.5
566
414
480
5057
59.2
270
297
8.2
1.089
0.0576
58.2
47.2%
52.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2018
22.9
15.6
21.4
18.4
569
415
482
4968
57.9
268
294
8.1
1.087
0.0584
56.9
48.9%
51.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1975
23.6
18.0
23.5
20.1
493
377
441
2750
119
107
0.901
0.0390
32.5
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1976
24.5
19.1
23.7
20.9
466
374
425
2750
119
109
0.917
0.0397
33.8
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1977
25.0
19.5
24.0
21.3
456
370
418
2750
119
109
0.914
0.0396
34.4
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1978
25.6
20.7
23.1
21.7
428
382
409
2786
119
107
12.1
0.899
0.0385
35.7
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1979
23.2
18.4
21.6
19.7
480
405
451
2781
119
92
15.1
0.773
0.0332
32.4
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1980
25.1
20.3
22.7
21.3
431
384
417
2830
119
92
15.4
0.770
0.0325
35.8
14.2%
85.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1981
27.7
22.3
25.3
23.6
398
354
384
2893
133
92
15.6
0.693
0.0320
40.9
28.0%
72.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1982
27.8
22.5
25.1
23.6
399
358
385
2894
133
91
16.9
0.685
0.0317
40.9
24.2%
75.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1983
27.5
22.0
25.5
23.4
401
345
382
3035
140
99
14.6
0.708
0.0329
42.2
25.2%
74.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1984
26.2
20.9
24.3
22.3
420
358
399
3152
144
102
14.5
0.708
0.0326
41.7
0.2%
32.1%
67.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1985
25.9
20.7
23.7
22.0
426
371
404
3107
144
102
14.3
0.706
0.0329
40.3
0.2%
25.4%
74.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1986
24.9
19.6
23.3
21.1
449
378
421
3198
149
108
13.3
0.723
0.0338
39.8
0.1%
25.3%
74.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1987
23.9
18.6
22.4
20.2
468
384
440
3290
151
111
13.7
0.735
0.0339
39.5
0.1%
27.4%
72.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1988
23.5
18.3
21.8
19.8
472
395
448
3333
152
113
13.9
0.740
0.0338
39.5
0.2%
34.4%
65.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1989
23.8
18.3
22.1
20.0
474
390
445
3330
154
116
13.0
0.748
0.0347
39.8
0.2%
34.2%
65.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1990
24.7
18.9
22.8
20.6
459
380
431
3351
155
136
11.0
0.879
0.0409
41.6
7.1%
32.1%
60.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1991
24.3
18.5
22.4
20.2
468
387
440
3390
157
137
11.1
0.874
0.0407
41.4
0.2%
36.9%
62.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1992
24.0
18.1
22.2
20.0
477
389
445
3470
156
136
11.2
0.876
0.0395
42.0
12.4%
36.0%
51.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1993
23.6
17.7
21.8
19.5
489
397
455
3611
160
141
10.5
0.882
0.0396
42.7
15.1%
32.8%
52.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1994
22.8
17.0
21.1
18.9
509
410
471
3716
165
144
10.5
0.873
0.0392
42.6
21.3%
39.6%
39.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1995
22.2
16.4
20.3
18.2
527
427
487
3785
168
148
10.7
0.878
0.0394
42.1
16.9%
38.9%
44.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1996
22.7
16.7
20.7
18.6
524
422
478
3735
171
149
11.1
0.879
0.0401
42.4
23.4%
32.3%
44.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1997
22.2
16.3
20.2
18.2
536
433
489
3873
173
152
11.1
0.879
0.0395
43.0
16.9%
42.8%
40.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1998
22.2
16.2
20.2
18.1
539
433
491
4012
174
156
11.5
0.904
0.0391
44.8
12.3%
48.6%
39.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1999
21.2
15.3
19.5
17.3
575
448
514
4153
191
166
11.4
0.876
0.0402
44.3
21.2%
50.0%
28.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2000
21.0
15.1
19.0
17.0
580
462
523
4164
189
166
10.9
0.883
0.0400
43.9
13.6%
50.2%
36.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2001
20.9
15.0
18.8
16.9
586
468
527
4217
196
192
10.0
0.975
0.0456
44.2
9.1%
52.4%
38.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2002
20.5
14.6
18.4
16.5
601
479
539
4302
198
191
10.2
0.961
0.0444
44.1
7.3%
60.5%
32.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2003
21.7
15.3
19.6
17.4
575
449
511
4217
199
207
9.5
1.030
0.0489
45.9
68.6%
31.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2004
21.0
14.5
19.5
16.9
602
448
525
4637
247
242
9.0
0.995
0.0518
48.8
14.0%
54.9%
31.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2005
20.6
14.0
19.3
16.6
624
455
535
4820
262
271
8.2
1.054
0.0563
49.8
8.6%
57.6%
33.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2006
20.7
14.1
19.4
16.7
620
453
533
4813
260
267
8.4
1.045
0.0554
50.0
6.2%
52.7%
41.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2007
21.6
14.7
20.1
17.4
593
436
511
4705
247
259
8.5
1.067
0.0552
51.1
10.8%
55.5%
33.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2008
21.4
14.5
20.0
17.2
590
435
516
4868
55.0
253
290
8.4
1.139
0.0586
52.4
6.5%
57.5%
36.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2009
24.2
16.7
21.9
19.3
518
400
461
4454
50.4
219
245
8.4
1.132
0.0547
54.3
4.0%
81.5%
14.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2010
22.9
15.7
20.9
18.3
543
416
485
4652
51.3
236
250
8.6
1.084
0.0535
53.6
75.6%
24.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2011
24.0
16.5
21.8
19.2
515
399
464
4578
50.7
227
246
8.7
1.101
0.0531
55.6
5.9%
75.0%
19.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2012
23.7
16.3
21.6
18.9
526
402
469
4611
51.4
231
253
8.5
1.115
0.0545
55.2
7.2%
70.0%
22.9%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-75 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2012
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2013
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2014
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2015
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2016
3.6%
96.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2017
1.9%
98.1%
41.0%
59.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
Pickup
2018
1.8%
98.2%
30.1%
69.9%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1975
90.0%
10.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1976
90.0%
10.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1977
85.4%
14.6%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1978
87.6%
12.4%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1979
88.5%
11.5%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1980
91.9%
8.1%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1981
94.6%
5.4%
84.0%
16.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1982
94.5%
5.5%
81.2%
18.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1983
95.0%
2.1%
2.9%
93.8%
6.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1984
91.0%
0.6%
8.4%
0.0%
98.5%
1.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1985
87.7%
0.4%
11.8%
99.5%
0.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1986
87.3%
1.1%
11.6%
41.8%
58.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1987
68.8%
3.6%
27.6%
17.1%
2.8%
80.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1988
67.8%
4.1%
28.1%
24.3%
4.7%
71.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1989
71.9%
7.2%
20.9%
13.3%
8.1%
78.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1990
67.1%
32.9%
99.9%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1991
66.0%
34.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1992
57.3%
42.7%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1993
52.1%
47.9%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1994
46.8%
53.2%
100.0%
2.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1995
45.4%
54.6%
100.0%
8.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1996
40.6%
59.4%
100.0%
50.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1997
37.9%
62.1%
100.0%
50.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1998
34.0%
66.0%
100.0%
49.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
1999
13.5%
86.5%
100.0%
25.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2000
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
28.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2001
12.9%
87.1%
100.0%
59.5%
36.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2002
17.8%
82.2%
100.0%
91.6%
24.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2003
8.4%
79.9%
11.7%
100.0%
69.4%
41.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2004
5.8%
86.3%
7.9%
100.0%
81.9%
66.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2005
3.1%
87.2%
9.7%
100.0%
100.0%
93.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2006
4.3%
84.1%
11.5%
100.0%
97.6%
95.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2007
3.7%
77.5%
18.7%
100.0%
97.7%
95.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2008
1.9%
82.7%
15.5%
100.0%
99.1%
97.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2009
1.5%
41.6%
56.9%
100.0%
99.8%
99.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2010
1.7%
59.3%
39.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2011
1.4%
52.3%
46.3%
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
97.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2012
1.9%
55.2%
42.9%
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-76 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2013
26.7
18.3
23.7
21.1
472
369
422
4367
50.6
206
236
8.7
1.147
0.0534
58.7
18.0%
70.1%
12.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2014
27.3
18.6
24.4
21.5
460
356
413
4420
51.1
209
238
8.7
1.150
0.0532
61.4
20.1%
66.6%
13.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2015
29.4
19.8
25.8
22.8
430
337
389
4284
50.1
193
219
9.1
1.135
0.0502
64.2
23.4%
65.7%
10.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2016
30.5
20.6
26.9
23.8
415
323
374
4231
49.5
185
210
9.3
1.129
0.0488
66.1
15.4%
70.4%
14.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2017
28.9
19.5
26.1
22.8
435
329
390
4503
51.3
207
243
8.8
1.172
0.0526
66.1
19.3%
65.9%
14.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2018
27.9
18.9
25.0
21.9
446
344
405
4541
52.0
213
246
8.7
1.161
0.0530
64.8
13.8%
64.5%
21.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1975
24.7
18.9
24.4
21.1
450
350
422
2640
118
112
0.944
0.0416
33.1
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1976
26.3
20.5
25.3
22.4
418
340
396
2610
114
107
0.939
0.0405
34.8
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1977
26.7
21.0
25.2
22.7
406
338
391
2595
112
106
0.941
0.0404
35.3
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1978
26.5
21.2
24.5
22.6
407
348
394
2580
112
106
11.9
0.933
0.0403
34.8
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1979
26.2
20.6
24.7
22.3
417
350
399
2541
111
86
15.3
0.772
0.0331
33.6
12.1%
87.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1980
29.8
23.9
27.5
25.4
364
315
350
2531
107
84
15.6
0.776
0.0327
38.2
15.9%
2.7%
81.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1981
30.0
24.0
27.6
25.5
363
315
351
2596
116
90
15.4
0.759
0.0340
39.3
14.8%
5.1%
80.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1982
30.0
23.9
27.9
25.5
362
308
351
2637
120
90
16.4
0.745
0.0338
40.2
34.8%
5.1%
60.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1983
31.5
24.7
29.9
26.8
347
286
332
2613
121
91
14.5
0.750
0.0346
41.7
58.7%
4.5%
36.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1984
30.4
23.8
29.1
25.9
359
293
343
2747
127
101
13.9
0.783
0.0363
42.3
38.2%
7.1%
54.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1985
28.5
22.5
27.0
24.3
379
317
366
2831
131
102
13.9
0.766
0.0353
40.7
56.2%
7.0%
36.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1986
27.7
21.5
26.4
23.5
396
325
378
2954
136
105
13.3
0.764
0.0350
41.2
44.4%
11.3%
44.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1987
27.9
21.4
26.8
23.6
402
322
377
2971
130
101
14.2
0.767
0.0334
41.7
68.4%
7.2%
24.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1988
28.1
21.6
26.4
23.6
394
323
376
2944
127
99
14.6
0.766
0.0329
41.8
64.0%
10.6%
25.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1989
28.4
21.6
26.8
23.8
398
321
373
2956
130
111
12.8
0.860
0.0372
42.2
65.2%
8.7%
26.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1990
27.6
20.8
26.2
23.1
415
330
384
3071
140
131
11.1
0.935
0.0421
42.6
62.8%
8.2%
29.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1991
27.6
20.6
26.4
23.1
418
325
385
3129
141
138
10.8
0.990
0.0437
43.7
61.7%
11.4%
26.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1992
27.9
20.6
26.7
23.2
418
322
383
3151
140
139
10.6
1.003
0.0437
44.4
71.4%
9.6%
19.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1993
27.3
20.0
26.0
22.6
430
330
393
3234
142
141
9.9
1.000
0.0435
44.4
67.9%
9.9%
22.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1994
27.4
20.0
26.0
22.6
430
329
393
3238
142
141
9.9
1.002
0.0434
44.7
73.3%
11.0%
15.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1995
26.4
19.2
25.0
21.8
448
341
408
3337
151
152
9.8
1.016
0.0457
44.5
67.0%
13.1%
19.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1996
27.9
20.0
26.4
22.9
431
324
388
3243
148
151
10.1
1.037
0.0465
45.7
78.9%
8.0%
13.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1997
27.0
19.3
25.5
22.1
446
335
402
3336
150
152
10.2
1.030
0.0456
45.4
71.7%
12.7%
15.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1998
27.4
19.4
25.8
22.3
445
331
398
3445
151
153
10.6
1.029
0.0444
47.6
73.0%
13.6%
13.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1999
26.9
18.9
25.3
21.8
458
338
407
3512
156
156
10.6
1.018
0.0444
47.5
76.7%
12.2%
11.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2000
24.9
17.5
23.1
20.2
494
371
441
3650
167
170
9.8
1.028
0.0471
45.8
64.8%
15.5%
19.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2001
24.8
17.4
22.9
20.0
498
374
444
3661
168
174
9.6
1.044
0.0476
45.7
63.8%
17.3%
18.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2002
25.2
17.6
23.1
20.3
489
370
438
3668
172
180
9.6
1.054
0.0493
46.8
65.9%
16.6%
17.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2003
25.9
17.8
23.8
20.7
489
365
429
3641
176
194
9.0
1.099
0.0532
47.4
61.5%
15.4%
23.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2004
24.5
16.7
22.8
19.7
512
378
451
3984
203
218
8.8
1.090
0.0544
49.2
51.4%
22.6%
26.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2005
25.3
17.1
23.4
20.2
499
368
440
3997
201
223
8.5
1.130
0.0554
50.8
58.1%
21.0%
20.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2006
25.3
17.1
23.3
20.2
499
369
441
3990
200
223
8.6
1.138
0.0554
50.7
54.3%
20.8%
25.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2007
26.7
18.1
24.5
21.3
467
348
418
3945
194
220
8.5
1.141
0.0552
53.5
58.4%
21.3%
20.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2008
27.6
18.7
25.3
21.9
450
337
405
3904
48.1
188
223
8.5
1.182
0.0559
54.7
59.9%
20.3%
19.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2009
29.9
20.3
26.8
23.6
423
323
377
3713
46.4
172
204
8.5
1.180
0.0540
56.0
69.3%
21.6%
9.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2010
29.4
19.9
26.6
23.2
426
322
383
3795
46.9
180
209
8.5
1.171
0.0544
56.5
64.3%
23.4%
12.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2011
29.9
20.2
26.6
23.4
0
0
378
3813
46.7
176
207
8.7
1.196
0.0535
58.8
60.0%
29.3%
10.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2012
30.9
20.8
27.5
24.2
0
0
367
3734
46.7
172
201
8.7
1.186
0.0529
59.8
66.2%
23.5%
10.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2013
34.1
22.8
30.0
26.5
0
0
334
3709
47.1
167
202
8.6
1.225
0.0536
68.2
67.8%
24.8%
7.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-77 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2013
1.1%
26.3%
72.6%
2.4%
97.6%
100.0%
100.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2014
1.6%
27.4%
71.0%
4.1%
95.9%
100.0%
100.0%
1.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2015
1.6%
22.2%
76.3%
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2016
0.8%
26.3%
72.9%
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2017
0.4%
30.5%
69.1%
40.8%
59.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
Truck
All
2018
0.6%
42.6%
56.7%
38.0%
62.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1975
81.3%
18.7%
75.3%
24.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1976
77.7%
22.3%
83.8%
16.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1977
74.8%
25.2%
82.2%
17.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1978
74.2%
25.8%
82.7%
17.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1979
75.9%
24.1%
79.9%
20.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1980
75.6%
24.4%
77.1%
22.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1981
71.1%
16.6%
12.3%
66.6%
29.6%
3.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1982
64.1%
17.5%
18.4%
66.4%
27.6%
6.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1983
65.3%
1.2%
32.0%
1.6%
73.9%
24.0%
2.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1984
66.1%
1.8%
31.6%
0.4%
58.5%
40.6%
0.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1985
61.0%
0.6%
38.4%
64.5%
34.1%
1.2%
0.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1986
66.5%
0.5%
33.1%
45.1%
29.8%
25.1%
0.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1987
50.8%
0.9%
48.3%
36.2%
25.4%
38.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1988
54.5%
2.4%
43.1%
13.9%
24.8%
61.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1989
49.8%
2.1%
48.1%
5.6%
37.8%
56.6%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1990
46.3%
0.2%
53.5%
81.1%
18.9%
1.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1991
43.3%
0.4%
56.3%
99.6%
0.4%
19.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1992
39.5%
0.1%
60.4%
99.9%
0.1%
28.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1993
34.5%
2.7%
62.8%
100.0%
20.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1994
29.2%
3.2%
67.5%
100.0%
60.6%
26.5%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1995
32.2%
2.5%
65.3%
100.0%
68.5%
25.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1996
31.2%
2.6%
66.1%
100.0%
88.1%
43.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1997
25.4%
74.6%
100.0%
85.0%
32.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1998
22.5%
77.5%
100.0%
85.9%
31.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
1999
12.6%
87.4%
100.0%
82.0%
25.3%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2000
11.9%
88.1%
100.0%
73.7%
24.9%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2001
10.6%
89.4%
100.0%
82.2%
33.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2002
12.7%
87.3%
100.0%
97.7%
47.8%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2003
11.3%
84.1%
4.6%
100.0%
90.1%
54.2%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2004
8.3%
86.3%
5.4%
100.0%
89.6%
72.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2005
5.9%
88.2%
5.9%
100.0%
100.0%
92.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2006
6.7%
86.9%
6.4%
100.0%
99.2%
94.0%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2007
5.2%
49.1%
45.6%
100.0%
99.2%
95.4%
0.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2008
4.4%
43.4%
52.2%
100.0%
99.8%
95.0%
0.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2009
4.0%
30.6%
65.4%
100.0%
99.9%
99.9%
1.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2010
2.6%
0.2%
33.2%
64.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.7%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2011
2.4%
35.5%
62.1%
5.8%
93.4%
99.2%
98.1%
0.4%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2012
1.9%
29.3%
68.8%
4.4%
94.6%
99.0%
99.0%
0.1%
N
ssan-M
tsubish
All
All
2013
1.6%
15.9%
82.5%
0.7%
97.3%
98.0%
98.0%
0.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-78 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2014
34.8
23.2
30.5
26.8
0
0
330
3654
46.9
162
195
CO
CO
1.205
0.0520
66.2
69.6%
23.3%
7.1%
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2015
36.7
24.3
31.8
28.1
0
0
315
3607
46.8
157
185
9.0
1.187
0.0502
70.2
69.8%
24.5%
5.7%
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2016
36.4
24.0
31.7
27.8
0
0
318
3650
46.9
159
190
8.9
1.191
0.0512
69.1
66.4%
26.9%
6.7%
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2017
35.2
23.2
31.1
27.1
0
0
327
3770
47.6
167
201
8.9
1.204
0.0520
68.1
62.7%
29.6%
7.7%
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2018
34.8
23.1
30.5
26.8
0
0
329
3818
48.0
170
203
CO
CO
1.200
0.0518
71.4
60.9%
29.1%
10.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
31.4
24.5
30.0
26.7
362
293
332
2000
83
54
0.653
0.0271
31.5
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
32.6
25.6
31.0
27.8
344
284
320
2021
84
56
0.671
0.0278
33.2
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
35.5
28.2
33.2
30.2
307
261
294
2085
79.6
88
62
0.716
0.0300
37.9
2889
3025
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
33.7
27.4
30.3
28.6
321
290
310
2126
83.3
90
63
14.8
0.701
0.0297
36.3
2848
3052
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
29.0
23.4
26.5
24.7
378
332
360
2308
83.4
97
64
17.1
0.666
0.0279
33.6
2427
2814
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
29.2
23.4
26.8
24.8
374
325
358
2330
88.9
100
68
17.0
0.685
0.0293
34.2
2635
3047
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
30.8
24.9
27.9
26.2
352
312
340
2343
88.0
100
71
16.1
0.716
0.0305
36.3
2752
3201
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
33.4
27.0
30.3
28.4
324
287
313
2354
92.2
100
71
17.2
0.715
0.0304
39.7
3123
3657
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
35.3
28.2
32.5
30.0
310
269
296
2380
91.8
101
74
15.6
0.728
0.0309
42.3
3277
3887
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
35.2
27.7
33.3
29.9
315
264
297
2380
90.4
104
84
14.1
0.809
0.0354
42.2
3194
3802
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
33.8
26.6
32.0
28.8
327
274
309
2432
89.5
104
84
14.1
0.813
0.0347
41.4
3040
3693
98.3%
1.7%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
33.6
26.2
31.8
28.5
332
276
312
2565
93.4
107
90
13.6
0.828
0.0347
43.3
3144
4040
98.1%
1.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
32.8
25.4
31.1
27.7
342
282
320
2633
94.2
109
93
13.9
0.840
0.0348
43.4
3111
4088
99.2%
0.8%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
31.8
24.4
30.0
26.7
353
289
332
2770
97.3
115
105
13.1
0.912
0.0375
44.4
3144
4311
99.5%
0.5%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
31.3
23.9
29.4
26.2
362
296
339
2800
97.2
112
110
12.2
0.986
0.0392
44.1
3087
4284
95.9%
4.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
30.4
23.1
28.3
25.4
374
309
350
2884
99.8
119
121
10.9
1.021
0.0418
44.2
3078
4403
99.7%
0.3%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
30.3
22.9
28.2
25.2
377
310
353
2913
100.2
122
130
10.7
1.056
0.0440
44.5
3083
4449
99.6%
0.4%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
30.9
22.8
29.4
25.7
374
294
346
3015
101.0
125
135
10.3
1.087
0.0446
47.3
3217
4764
99.8%
0.2%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
32.2
23.6
30.2
26.5
363
287
335
2977
97.5
119
125
10.1
1.061
0.0418
48.3
3199
4696
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
32.1
23.4
30.1
26.4
371
290
337
3055
98.4
121
133
9.8
1.114
0.0435
49.3
3202
4849
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
32.8
23.7
30.6
26.8
364
285
331
2995
97.5
117
130
10.1
1.126
0.0434
49.5
3251
4818
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
31.8
22.9
29.7
26.0
380
294
342
3046
102.0
124
134
10.4
1.094
0.0440
48.8
3306
4972
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
32.1
23.0
29.8
26.1
378
294
341
3019
101.1
122
133
10.4
1.100
0.0438
48.8
3308
4932
100.0%
0.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
32.0
22.6
29.8
25.9
385
295
343
3173
104.0
128
144
10.5
1.136
0.0451
50.9
3373
5299
100.0%
0.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
30.9
21.6
29.0
25.0
403
303
355
3221
105.0
135
153
10.3
1.142
0.0470
50.0
3288
5254
100.0%
0.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
31.0
21.5
29.0
25.0
403
302
355
3195
104.4
134
153
9.8
1.157
0.0476
49.8
3279
5201
99.0%
1.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
32.2
22.1
30.1
25.9
389
290
344
3189
104.6
134
154
9.6
1.150
0.0478
51.9
3448
5425
98.8%
1.2%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
32.0
21.8
29.7
25.5
396
295
348
3218
105.4
136
157
9.6
1.160
0.0483
51.8
3434
5460
98.8%
1.2%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
32.7
21.8
31.0
26.1
394
283
340
3283
105.8
141
170
9.2
1.193
0.0510
54.4
3539
5755
99.1%
0.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
32.7
21.8
30.6
26.0
396
286
342
3296
105.5
139
171
9.2
1.212
0.0511
54.6
3531
5759
99.1%
0.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
32.8
21.7
30.7
26.0
397
286
342
3308
105.7
141
174
9.0
1.215
0.0515
55.0
3556
5819
96.3%
2.6%
1.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
33.5
22.0
31.3
26.5
390
278
335
3336
104.8
139
178
CO
CO
1.275
0.0527
56.9
3605
5956
97.8%
1.5%
0.7%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
33.9
22.3
31.5
26.7
386
277
332
3289
105.9
135
171
9.1
1.258
0.0513
56.6
3677
5988
98.9%
0.5%
0.5%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
34.3
22.5
32.0
27.1
384
273
328
3334
45.0
109.0
137
175
9.1
1.275
0.0517
57.7
3811
6287
99.1%
0.6%
0.3%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
34.6
22.8
32.2
27.3
380
272
325
3303
45.1
109.5
135
172
9.0
1.281
0.0514
57.7
3853
6301
98.7%
1.3%
0.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
35.6
23.4
32.8
28.0
0
0
317
3298
44.9
108.9
134
174
9.0
1.294
0.0517
59.6
3969
6471
98.3%
1.7%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
36.5
23.7
33.1
28.3
0
0
314
3322
45.3
108.7
136
170
9.1
1.255
0.0504
61.0
3996
6607
99.1%
0.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
38.1
24.7
34.4
29.4
352
256
302
3269
45.0
108.4
133
168
9.1
1.262
0.0507
62.8
4183
6785
98.6%
1.4%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
40.1
26.1
35.5
30.8
0
0
289
3257
44.8
106.9
132
170
8.9
1.285
0.0516
65.7
4332
7027
99.4%
0.6%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
40.6
26.6
35.3
31.0
0
0
287
3357
45.7
107.4
139
180
8.5
1.297
0.0531
69.2
4437
7440
99.5%
0.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-79 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2014
2.8%
14.1%
83.1%
1.2%
98.1%
99.3%
99.3%
0.9%
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2015
2.2%
13.1%
84.7%
2.6%
95.6%
98.2%
98.2%
0.1%
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2016
1.3%
13.4%
85.2%
3.5%
95.6%
99.1%
99.1%
0.1%
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2017
1.3%
16.3%
82.4%
21.9%
77.5%
99.4%
99.4%
0.1%
Nissan-Mitsubishi
All
All
2018
1.3%
23.0%
75.7%
20.8%
76.9%
97.7%
97.7%
1.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
87.8%
12.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
88.9%
11.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
81.3%
18.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
82.0%
18.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
74.8%
25.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
58.0%
33.1%
8.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
73.6%
26.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
71.8%
28.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
64.5%
12.2%
23.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
64.5%
35.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
62.9%
37.1%
91.8%
8.2%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
63.1%
36.9%
63.0%
37.0%
69.9%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
49.0%
51.0%
61.9%
38.1%
97.8%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
47.8%
52.2%
34.6%
42.9%
22.5%
98.6%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
46.3%
53.7%
26.0%
48.0%
26.0%
98.8%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
41.2%
58.8%
0.6%
75.1%
24.3%
99.2%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
38.6%
61.4%
74.3%
25.7%
99.0%
0.4%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
35.2%
64.8%
100.0%
97.5%
3.8%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
35.5%
64.5%
100.0%
99.6%
14.4%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
35.5%
64.5%
100.0%
98.7%
36.6%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
35.4%
64.6%
100.0%
98.9%
35.3%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
27.3%
72.5%
0.1%
100.0%
100.0%
28.8%
97.9%
2.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
26.6%
72.6%
0.8%
100.0%
100.0%
31.4%
98.1%
1.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
22.2%
77.2%
0.6%
100.0%
100.0%
66.2%
52.7%
47.3%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
18.8%
81.0%
0.3%
100.0%
100.0%
73.9%
43.7%
56.3%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
17.9%
82.0%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
74.5%
0.6%
43.2%
56.8%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
16.6%
83.0%
0.3%
100.0%
100.0%
94.3%
0.4%
50.0%
50.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
16.3%
83.4%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
95.6%
0.2%
44.0%
56.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
13.8%
83.1%
3.1%
100.0%
96.3%
99.7%
3.8%
40.1%
59.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
13.7%
84.0%
2.3%
100.0%
97.2%
99.0%
2.8%
44.1%
55.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
11.8%
85.4%
2.8%
100.0%
96.7%
100.0%
5.7%
42.6%
57.4%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
11.8%
84.4%
3.9%
100.0%
96.2%
100.0%
4.4%
48.7%
51.3%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
11.6%
84.8%
3.6%
100.0%
96.4%
100.0%
4.0%
47.4%
52.6%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
10.5%
85.9%
3.6%
100.0%
96.4%
100.0%
3.6%
55.8%
6.9%
37.3%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
7.0%
90.4%
2.6%
100.0%
97.4%
100.0%
2.6%
58.4%
4.8%
36.7%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
3.7%
89.3%
6.9%
100.0%
93.1%
100.0%
6.9%
61.0%
5.4%
33.5%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
5.1%
89.5%
5.4%
100.0%
96.9%
100.0%
6.6%
55.1%
3.0%
41.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
4.7%
92.9%
2.4%
100.0%
98.1%
100.0%
2.5%
63.3%
5.7%
30.9%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
5.3%
58.5%
36.3%
34.8%
65.1%
98.0%
99.9%
2.4%
55.5%
44.5%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
3.9%
13.5%
82.6%
47.2%
52.7%
98.8%
99.9%
3.4%
41.8%
58.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-80 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
41.7
27.3
36.0
31.6
319
246
281
3276
45.0
106.9
133
173
8.5
1.306
0.0522
69.0
4525
7387
98.8%
1.2%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
43.0
27.9
37.4
32.6
315
236
273
3250
45.7
111.7
132
179
8.3
1.388
0.0547
69.9
4861
7810
99.4%
0.6%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
42.9
28.3
37.4
32.8
0
0
270
3303
45.8
113.7
130
178
8.3
1.406
0.0538
72.3
4994
8208
94.8%
5.2%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
44.0
29.2
37.3
33.3
0
0
265
3312
46.3
117.1
111
180
8.0
1.670
0.0543
77.0
5434
9046
93.7%
6.3%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1975
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1976
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1977
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1978
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1979
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1980
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1981
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1982
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1983
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1984
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1985
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1986
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1987
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1988
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1989
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1990
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1991
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1992
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1993
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1994
20.4
15.5
18.4
16.8
573
484
528
4000
183
161
10.5
0.871
0.0401
40.9
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1995
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1996
19.9
14.8
18.1
16.3
598
489
544
4000
188
181
10.2
0.958
0.0454
40.0
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1997
19.4
14.3
17.8
15.9
622
500
558
4000
193
190
9.8
0.984
0.0475
38.9
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1998
25.1
18.4
22.3
20.3
475
395
438
3656
143
151
11.7
1.054
0.0408
46.2
68.7%
31.3%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1999
25.1
18.4
22.1
20.2
473
399
439
3655
143
164
10.9
1.169
0.0447
46.3
68.9%
31.1%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2000
25.5
18.6
22.3
20.4
471
396
435
3633
139
162
10.5
1.176
0.0443
46.6
73.4%
26.6%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2001
26.1
18.9
22.6
20.8
465
392
428
3605
135
158
10.4
1.184
0.0437
47.2
79.0%
21.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2002
28.8
20.3
25.6
22.9
435
345
388
3543
148
164
10.1
1.107
0.0462
51.3
91.4%
8.6%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2003
29.7
20.7
26.3
23.5
429
338
378
3500
144
160
10.1
1.111
0.0457
52.0
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2004
29.4
20.1
26.5
23.2
442
336
382
3500
144
160
10.1
1.111
0.0457
51.4
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2005
29.7
20.3
26.3
23.3
439
337
381
3500
144
160
9.8
1.111
0.0457
51.9
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2006
29.7
20.3
26.3
23.3
439
337
381
3500
144
156
10.0
1.083
0.0446
51.9
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2007
29.9
20.1
27.1
23.6
441
328
377
3500
144
166
9.7
1.153
0.0474
52.3
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2008
29.7
20.0
27.0
23.5
444
329
378
3500
44.1
144
166
9.8
1.153
0.0474
52.0
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2009
29.7
20.0
27.0
23.5
444
329
378
3500
44.1
144
166
9.5
1.153
0.0474
52.0
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2010
31.0
21.0
27.7
24.4
424
320
365
3534
44.2
146
184
9.1
1.266
0.0520
54.7
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2011
30.9
20.9
27.3
24.2
425
325
368
3538
44.2
146
185
9.0
1.269
0.0521
54.7
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2012
32.3
21.4
29.2
25.2
411
303
352
3636
45.5
158
202
8.7
1.279
0.0553
58.8
89.0%
11.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2013
33.0
21.9
29.7
25.8
405
299
345
3666
45.2
162
206
8.6
1.269
0.0558
60.4
94.7%
5.3%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2014
33.4
22.2
29.9
26.0
399
297
342
3598
44.7
157
199
8.7
1.267
0.0550
60.1
97.2%
2.8%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2015
37.1
24.8
31.8
28.4
353
279
313
3650
45.1
158
201
8.5
1.268
0.0548
68.0
96.6%
3.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-81 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
5.5%
14.6%
79.9%
50.6%
49.4%
99.5%
100.0%
2.7%
59.3%
40.7%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
1.0%
13.2%
85.7%
63.4%
36.6%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
20.0%
80.0%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
4.0%
10.2%
85.8%
60.2%
39.6%
99.7%
99.7%
3.5%
20.2%
72.7%
7.1%
Honda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
8.3%
16.1%
75.5%
63.4%
36.5%
99.9%
99.9%
7.5%
26.6%
33.1%
40.3%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1975
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1976
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1977
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1978
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1979
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1980
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1981
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1982
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1983
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1984
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1985
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1986
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1987
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1988
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1989
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1990
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1991
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1992
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1993
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1994
54.8%
45.2%
100.0%
73.8%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1995
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1996
17.2%
82.8%
100.0%
87.8%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1997
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1998
1.4%
98.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
1999
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2000
0.8%
99.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2001
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2002
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
100.0%
91.4%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2015
19.5%
80.5%
80.5%
19.5%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-82 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2016
38.5
26.0
32.2
29.2
340
275
304
3465
44.1
135
182
9.0
1.342
0.0523
66.7
75.6%
24.4%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2017
38.2
25.8
33.2
29.5
338
267
301
3590
46.2
124
205
8.2
1.784
0.0567
69.2
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2018
38.7
26.0
32.6
29.4
338
272
302
3564
46.1
122
200
8.3
1.755
0.0558
69.4
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1975
31.4
24.5
30.0
26.7
362
293
332
2000
83
54
0.653
0.0271
31.5
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1976
32.6
25.6
31.0
27.8
344
284
320
2021
84
56
0.671
0.0278
33.2
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1977
35.5
28.2
33.2
30.2
307
261
294
2085
88
62
0.716
0.0300
37.9
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1978
33.7
27.4
30.3
28.6
321
290
310
2126
90
63
14.8
0.701
0.0297
36.3
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1979
29.0
23.4
26.5
24.7
378
332
360
2308
97
64
17.1
0.666
0.0279
33.6
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1980
29.2
23.4
26.8
24.8
374
325
358
2330
100
68
17.0
0.685
0.0293
34.2
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1981
30.8
24.9
27.9
26.2
352
312
340
2343
100
71
16.1
0.716
0.0305
36.3
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1982
33.4
27.0
30.3
28.4
324
287
313
2354
100
71
17.2
0.715
0.0304
39.7
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1983
35.3
28.2
32.5
30.0
310
269
296
2380
101
74
15.6
0.728
0.0309
42.3
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1984
35.2
27.7
33.3
29.9
315
264
297
2380
104
84
14.1
0.809
0.0354
42.2
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1985
33.8
26.6
32.0
28.8
327
274
309
2432
104
84
14.1
0.813
0.0347
41.4
98.3%
1.7%
Honda
Car
All
1986
33.6
26.2
31.8
28.5
332
276
312
2565
107
90
13.6
0.828
0.0347
43.3
98.1%
1.9%
Honda
Car
All
1987
32.8
25.4
31.1
27.7
342
282
320
2633
109
93
13.9
0.840
0.0348
43.4
99.2%
0.8%
Honda
Car
All
1988
31.8
24.4
30.0
26.7
353
289
332
2770
115
105
13.1
0.912
0.0375
44.4
99.5%
0.5%
Honda
Car
All
1989
31.3
23.9
29.4
26.2
362
296
339
2800
112
110
12.2
0.986
0.0392
44.1
95.9%
4.1%
Honda
Car
All
1990
30.4
23.1
28.3
25.4
374
309
350
2884
119
121
10.9
1.021
0.0418
44.2
99.7%
0.3%
Honda
Car
All
1991
30.3
22.9
28.2
25.2
377
310
353
2913
122
130
10.7
1.056
0.0440
44.5
99.6%
0.4%
Honda
Car
All
1992
30.9
22.8
29.4
25.7
374
294
346
3015
125
135
10.3
1.087
0.0446
47.3
99.8%
0.2%
Honda
Car
All
1993
32.2
23.6
30.2
26.5
363
287
335
2977
119
125
10.1
1.061
0.0418
48.3
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
Car
All
1994
31.9
23.3
29.9
26.2
373
292
339
3065
121
134
9.8
1.111
0.0434
49.2
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
Car
All
1995
32.8
23.7
30.6
26.8
364
285
331
2995
117
130
10.1
1.126
0.0434
49.5
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
Car
All
1996
31.6
22.7
29.5
25.8
381
295
345
3057
125
135
10.4
1.093
0.0440
48.7
98.8%
1.2%
Honda
Car
All
1997
32.0
22.8
29.6
26.0
379
295
342
3027
123
133
10.4
1.099
0.0439
48.8
99.1%
0.9%
Honda
Car
All
1998
31.7
22.4
29.5
25.7
387
297
346
3188
129
145
10.6
1.133
0.0450
50.8
99.0%
1.0%
Honda
Car
All
1999
30.6
21.4
28.6
24.8
406
307
359
3241
135
153
10.3
1.143
0.0469
49.8
98.5%
1.5%
Honda
Car
All
2000
30.8
21.4
28.7
24.8
406
305
358
3212
134
154
9.8
1.157
0.0474
49.7
98.0%
2.0%
Honda
Car
All
2001
31.9
22.0
29.6
25.6
392
293
347
3207
134
154
9.6
1.152
0.0476
51.7
97.9%
2.1%
Honda
Car
All
2002
31.8
21.7
29.5
25.4
398
296
349
3230
136
157
9.6
1.158
0.0482
51.8
98.6%
1.4%
Honda
Car
All
2003
32.6
21.7
30.8
26.0
395
284
342
3290
141
169
9.2
1.191
0.0508
54.3
99.1%
0.9%
Honda
Car
All
2004
32.6
21.7
30.4
25.9
398
288
343
3304
140
171
9.2
1.208
0.0509
54.4
99.1%
0.9%
Honda
Car
All
2005
32.7
21.6
30.5
25.9
399
287
343
3315
141
173
9.0
1.211
0.0513
54.9
96.4%
2.5%
1.1%
Honda
Car
All
2006
33.3
21.9
31.0
26.3
392
280
338
3343
139
177
8.9
1.266
0.0523
56.7
97.9%
1.5%
0.7%
Honda
Car
All
2007
33.5
22.1
31.1
26.4
391
281
336
3307
136
170
9.1
1.249
0.0510
56.2
99.0%
0.5%
0.5%
Honda
Car
All
2008
33.8
22.2
31.5
26.7
388
277
333
3349
44.9
138
175
9.1
1.264
0.0513
57.2
99.2%
0.5%
0.3%
Honda
Car
All
2009
34.2
22.5
31.7
27.0
385
276
330
3319
45.0
135
172
9.0
1.270
0.0510
57.2
98.8%
1.2%
0.0%
Honda
Car
All
2010
35.1
23.2
32.3
27.6
0
0
322
3321
44.8
135
175
9.0
1.291
0.0518
59.1
98.4%
1.6%
Honda
Car
All
2011
35.4
23.2
32.0
27.5
0
0
323
3358
45.1
137
173
9.1
1.258
0.0507
59.9
99.2%
0.8%
Honda
Car
All
2012
37.4
24.3
33.8
28.9
357
260
307
3309
45.0
136
172
9.1
1.264
0.0512
62.3
97.6%
2.4%
Honda
Car
All
2013
39.0
25.5
34.6
30.0
0
0
296
3310
44.9
136
175
8.9
1.283
0.0521
65.0
98.8%
1.2%
Honda
Car
All
2014
39.0
25.7
34.1
29.9
0
0
297
3402
45.6
142
183
8.5
1.291
0.0534
67.5
99.1%
0.9%
Honda
Car
All
2015
41.0
26.9
35.3
31.1
324
250
286
3329
45.0
136
177
8.5
1.301
0.0526
68.8
98.5%
1.5%
Honda
Car
All
2016
41.7
27.3
35.9
31.6
321
245
281
3306
45.3
133
180
8.5
1.376
0.0541
69.1
93.2%
6.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-83 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2016
1.0%
7.0%
91.9%
49.5%
50.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2017
17.9%
82.1%
82.1%
17.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
Car SUV
2018
12.8%
87.2%
87.2%
12.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1975
87.8%
12.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1976
88.9%
11.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1977
81.3%
18.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1978
82.0%
18.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1979
74.8%
25.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1980
58.0%
33.1%
8.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1981
73.6%
26.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1982
71.8%
28.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1983
64.5%
12.2%
23.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1984
64.5%
35.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1985
62.9%
37.1%
91.8%
8.2%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1986
63.1%
36.9%
63.0%
37.0%
69.9%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1987
49.0%
51.0%
61.9%
38.1%
97.8%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1988
47.8%
52.2%
34.6%
42.9%
22.5%
98.6%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1989
46.3%
53.7%
26.0%
48.0%
26.0%
98.8%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1990
41.2%
58.8%
0.6%
75.1%
24.3%
99.2%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1991
38.6%
61.4%
74.3%
25.7%
99.0%
0.4%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1992
35.2%
64.8%
100.0%
97.5%
3.8%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1993
35.5%
64.5%
100.0%
99.6%
14.4%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1994
35.7%
64.3%
100.0%
98.4%
36.2%
Honda
Car
All
1995
35.4%
64.6%
100.0%
98.9%
35.3%
100.0%
Honda
Car
All
1996
27.2%
72.6%
0.1%
100.0%
99.9%
28.4%
Honda
Car
All
1997
26.4%
72.8%
0.8%
100.0%
100.0%
31.1%
Honda
Car
All
1998
21.6%
77.8%
0.6%
100.0%
100.0%
64.2%
Honda
Car
All
1999
17.9%
81.8%
0.3%
100.0%
100.0%
70.5%
Honda
Car
All
2000
17.2%
82.6%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
71.6%
0.6%
Honda
Car
All
2001
15.9%
83.7%
0.3%
100.0%
100.0%
90.2%
0.4%
Honda
Car
All
2002
15.8%
84.0%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
95.5%
0.2%
Honda
Car
All
2003
13.3%
83.6%
3.0%
100.0%
96.4%
99.7%
3.7%
Honda
Car
All
2004
13.2%
84.6%
2.2%
100.0%
97.3%
99.0%
2.7%
Honda
Car
All
2005
11.4%
85.9%
2.7%
100.0%
96.9%
100.0%
5.5%
Honda
Car
All
2006
11.2%
85.1%
3.7%
100.0%
96.4%
100.0%
4.2%
Honda
Car
All
2007
10.6%
86.1%
3.3%
100.0%
96.7%
100.0%
3.7%
Honda
Car
All
2008
9.6%
87.2%
3.2%
100.0%
96.8%
100.0%
3.2%
Honda
Car
All
2009
6.4%
91.2%
2.3%
100.0%
97.7%
100.0%
2.3%
Honda
Car
All
2010
3.4%
90.3%
6.3%
100.0%
93.7%
100.0%
6.3%
Honda
Car
All
2011
4.2%
91.3%
4.5%
100.0%
97.4%
100.0%
5.5%
Honda
Car
All
2012
4.2%
93.7%
2.2%
100.0%
98.3%
100.0%
2.3%
Honda
Car
All
2013
4.6%
63.8%
31.6%
30.4%
69.6%
98.2%
100.0%
2.1%
Honda
Car
All
2014
3.2%
29.8%
67.1%
38.3%
61.6%
99.0%
99.9%
2.7%
Honda
Car
All
2015
4.7%
15.3%
80.0%
54.9%
45.1%
99.5%
100.0%
2.3%
Honda
Car
All
2016
1.0%
11.6%
87.3%
59.8%
40.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-84 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Honda
Car
All
2017
42.3
28.0
36.8
32.4
0
0
274
3339
45.9
129
181
8.3
1.454
0.0541
71.9
95.5%
4.5%
Honda
Car
All
2018
43.3
28.8
36.7
32.8
0
0
270
3342
46.3
112
183
8.0
1.680
0.0545
76.1
94.5%
5.5%
Honda
Truck
Van
1975
Honda
Truck
Van
1976
Honda
Truck
Van
1977
Honda
Truck
Van
1978
Honda
Truck
Van
1979
Honda
Truck
Van
1980
Honda
Truck
Van
1981
Honda
Truck
Van
1982
Honda
Truck
Van
1983
Honda
Truck
Van
1984
Honda
Truck
Van
1985
Honda
Truck
Van
1986
Honda
Truck
Van
1987
Honda
Truck
Van
1988
Honda
Truck
Van
1989
Honda
Truck
Van
1990
Honda
Truck
Van
1991
Honda
Truck
Van
1992
Honda
Truck
Van
1993
Honda
Truck
Van
1994
Honda
Truck
Van
1995
25.5
19.1
23.0
20.9
465
387
425
3500
132
140
11.3
1.061
0.0400
44.7
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
1996
28.5
20.5
26.6
23.3
433
334
382
3500
132
145
11.6
1.098
0.0414
49.8
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
1997
24.9
18.5
22.2
20.2
481
401
439
3500
132
130
12.4
0.985
0.0371
43.6
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
1998
27.0
19.3
24.9
21.9
460
357
405
3500
138
150
11.6
1.087
0.0429
47.2
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
1999
24.1
16.5
24.1
19.8
538
369
448
4500
212
205
10.5
0.967
0.0456
54.2
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2000
23.9
16.3
23.7
19.6
545
374
453
4500
212
205
10.1
0.967
0.0456
53.8
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2001
24.0
16.4
23.5
19.6
543
379
453
4500
212
205
9.9
0.967
0.0456
54.0
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2002
24.2
16.5
23.5
19.7
540
379
451
4500
212
240
8.9
1.132
0.0533
54.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2003
24.2
16.4
23.4
19.7
543
380
452
4500
212
240
CO
CO
1.132
0.0533
54.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2004
24.2
16.3
23.3
19.6
546
382
454
4500
212
240
CO
CO
1.132
0.0533
54.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2005
26.0
17.2
25.1
21.0
516
354
424
4500
212
255
8.4
1.203
0.0567
58.6
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2006
26.1
17.2
25.1
21.0
516
353
423
4500
212
244
8.7
1.151
0.0542
58.7
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2007
24.7
16.3
24.0
19.9
545
371
446
4500
212
244
CO
CO
1.151
0.0542
55.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2008
25.2
16.6
24.7
20.4
536
359
436
4500
54.7
212
242
8.9
1.141
0.0538
56.8
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2009
25.2
16.6
24.7
20.4
536
359
436
4835
54.7
212
242
9.1
1.141
0.0502
61.1
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2010
24.9
16.4
24.4
20.2
542
363
440
4840
54.7
214
244
9.1
1.140
0.0505
60.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2011
27.8
18.1
27.1
22.3
491
328
398
4500
55.9
214
248
8.6
1.159
0.0551
62.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2012
27.8
18.1
27.1
22.3
491
328
398
4500
55.9
214
248
8.6
1.161
0.0551
62.6
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2013
27.7
18.1
27.1
22.3
492
328
399
4500
55.9
214
248
8.6
1.161
0.0551
62.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2014
29.0
19.1
27.4
23.1
466
325
386
4500
55.9
214
248
8.4
1.161
0.0551
65.2
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2015
29.0
19.1
27.4
23.1
466
325
386
4500
55.9
214
248
8.4
1.161
0.0551
65.2
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2016
29.0
19.1
27.4
23.1
466
325
386
4500
55.9
214
248
8.4
1.161
0.0551
65.2
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2017
29.0
19.1
27.7
23.2
466
321
383
4500
55.9
214
248
8.4
1.161
0.0551
65.2
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-85 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Honda
Car
All
2017
3.5%
11.2%
85.3%
62.9%
36.8%
99.8%
99.8%
3.1%
Honda
Car
All
2018
7.3%
15.7%
77.0%
66.3%
33.6%
99.9%
99.9%
6.5%
Honda
Truck
Van
1975
Honda
Truck
Van
1976
Honda
Truck
Van
1977
Honda
Truck
Van
1978
Honda
Truck
Van
1979
Honda
Truck
Van
1980
Honda
Truck
Van
1981
Honda
Truck
Van
1982
Honda
Truck
Van
1983
Honda
Truck
Van
1984
Honda
Truck
Van
1985
Honda
Truck
Van
1986
Honda
Truck
Van
1987
Honda
Truck
Van
1988
Honda
Truck
Van
1989
Honda
Truck
Van
1990
Honda
Truck
Van
1991
Honda
Truck
Van
1992
Honda
Truck
Van
1993
Honda
Truck
Van
1994
Honda
Truck
Van
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Van
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-86 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Honda
Truck
Van
2018
28.9
18.8
27.9
23.1
473
318
385
4565
55.2
214
280
7.1
1.311
0.0614
66.0
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
20.1
15.3
18.0
16.5
582
494
538
4000
193
175
9.9
0.907
0.0438
40.2
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.0
14.0
17.5
15.7
632
507
567
4500
193
190
10.5
0.984
0.0422
42.8
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
25.1
18.8
22.0
20.4
465
399
437
3673
133
137
12.3
1.039
0.0371
46.4
82.7%
17.3%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
25.5
18.8
22.4
20.6
468
394
432
3606
134
141
12.2
1.051
0.0389
46.1
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
25.9
19.0
22.5
20.8
462
393
428
3587
132
156
11.3
1.191
0.0433
46.6
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
26.2
19.2
22.6
20.9
459
391
425
3611
128
153
11.0
1.200
0.0421
47.3
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
25.1
18.0
22.3
20.1
488
397
442
3865
152
178
10.2
1.181
0.0454
48.4
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
25.8
18.1
23.3
20.7
484
379
430
3824
166
185
9.9
1.116
0.0480
49.3
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
24.7
17.2
22.4
19.8
510
395
450
4061
177
202
9.6
1.136
0.0493
50.1
6.0%
94.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
24.4
16.8
22.2
19.5
521
399
457
4082
180
206
9.5
1.138
0.0499
49.7
4.4%
95.6%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
24.1
16.5
22.0
19.2
528
402
462
4095
181
214
9.2
1.169
0.0516
49.5
4.9%
95.1%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
24.5
16.7
22.4
19.5
524
395
455
4101
182
207
9.4
1.127
0.0498
50.2
19.5%
80.5%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
25.0
17.0
22.7
19.9
514
387
447
4231
177
215
9.4
1.216
0.0504
53.2
17.2%
82.8%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
25.3
17.3
22.8
20.1
505
385
442
4212
46.5
175
213
9.6
1.218
0.0501
53.7
14.2%
85.8%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
25.7
17.6
23.2
20.4
500
379
435
4244
47.6
179
217
9.3
1.209
0.0506
54.8
13.6%
86.4%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
27.0
18.3
24.5
21.4
479
359
415
4237
47.2
179
223
9.1
1.245
0.0524
57.4
16.1%
83.9%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
26.3
17.9
23.8
20.9
488
370
426
4321
47.9
185
226
9.1
1.227
0.0519
57.2
15.9%
84.1%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
28.1
18.9
25.5
22.2
461
343
400
4269
47.9
185
229
8.9
1.244
0.0533
60.2
12.8%
87.2%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
29.1
19.5
26.4
23.0
448
332
387
4145
47.3
180
222
8.9
1.236
0.0534
60.5
12.0%
88.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
30.4
20.3
27.6
23.9
433
320
372
4011
46.8
175
220
8.9
1.261
0.0547
61.0
11.1%
88.9%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
32.4
21.7
28.7
25.2
397
305
352
4118
47.0
175
219
CO
CO
1.251
0.0530
67.8
11.0%
89.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
31.9
21.2
28.2
24.7
410
313
360
4148
47.7
181
246
8.0
1.363
0.0591
66.7
13.9%
86.1%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
32.6
21.6
29.1
25.3
398
301
351
4040
48.5
164
242
7.9
1.592
0.0594
66.5
13.7%
86.3%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
33.9
22.5
29.5
26.0
383
298
341
3925
47.9
150
229
8.1
1.656
0.0579
67.2
11.4%
88.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-87 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Honda
Truck
Van
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
65.5%
34.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
9.5%
90.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
1.9%
98.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
13.8%
86.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
11.8%
88.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
7.0%
93.0%
100.0%
100.0%
29.8%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
100.0%
98.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
4.2%
95.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
100.0%
16.1%
83.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
43.1%
56.9%
67.6%
32.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
52.1%
47.9%
94.6%
5.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
56.4%
43.6%
91.0%
9.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.4%
Honda
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
42.8%
57.2%
93.3%
6.7%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-88 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1975
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1976
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1977
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1978
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1979
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1980
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1981
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1982
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1983
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1984
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1985
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1986
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1987
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1988
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1989
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1990
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1991
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1992
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1993
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1994
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1995
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1996
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1997
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1998
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1999
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2000
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2001
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2002
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2003
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2004
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2005
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2006
21.4
14.6
19.9
17.2
609
447
517
4500
212
247
8.6
1.165
0.0549
48.1
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2007
21.4
14.6
19.9
17.2
609
447
517
4500
212
247
8.7
1.165
0.0549
48.1
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2008
21.4
14.6
19.9
17.2
609
447
517
4500
56.7
212
247
8.8
1.165
0.0549
48.1
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2009
22.0
15.0
20.4
17.6
593
437
504
4500
56.8
212
250
8.5
1.179
0.0556
49.4
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2010
22.0
15.0
20.4
17.6
593
437
504
4500
56.8
214
250
8.6
1.168
0.0556
49.4
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2011
22.0
15.0
20.4
17.7
591
436
503
4500
56.8
214
250
8.6
1.168
0.0556
49.4
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2012
22.6
15.5
20.8
18.1
573
428
490
5000
56.8
214
250
9.1
1.171
0.0500
56.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2013
22.6
15.5
20.8
18.1
573
428
490
5000
56.8
214
250
9.1
1.171
0.0500
56.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2014
22.6
15.5
20.8
18.1
573
428
490
5000
56.8
214
250
9.1
1.171
0.0500
56.5
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2015
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2016
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2017
27.4
18.4
25.3
21.8
482
351
408
4500
57.4
214
280
7.7
1.311
0.0622
61.6
21.6%
78.4%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2018
27.4
18.5
25.1
21.7
482
354
409
4500
57.4
214
280
7.7
1.311
0.0622
61.7
23.0%
77.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-89 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1975
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1976
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1977
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1978
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1979
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1980
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1981
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1982
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1983
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1984
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1985
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1986
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1987
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1988
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1989
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1990
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1991
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1992
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1993
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1994
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1995
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1996
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1997
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1998
Honda
Truck
Pickup
1999
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2000
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2001
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2002
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2003
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2004
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2005
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2015
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2016
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
Pickup
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-90 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Honda
Truck
All
1976
Honda
Truck
All
1977
Honda
Truck
All
1978
Honda
Truck
All
1979
Honda
Truck
All
1980
Honda
Truck
All
1981
Honda
Truck
All
1982
Honda
Truck
All
1983
Honda
Truck
All
1984
Honda
Truck
All
1985
Honda
Truck
All
1986
Honda
Truck
All
1987
Honda
Truck
All
1988
Honda
Truck
All
1989
Honda
Truck
All
1990
Honda
Truck
All
1991
Honda
Truck
All
1992
Honda
Truck
All
1993
Honda
Truck
All
1994
20.1
15.3
18.0
16.5
582
494
538
4000
193
175
9.9
0.907
0.0438
40.2
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1995
25.5
19.1
23.0
20.9
465
387
425
3500
132
140
11.3
1.061
0.0400
44.7
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1996
22.7
16.6
21.0
18.6
516
404
477
4010
163
168
11.0
1.040
0.0418
46.2
49.0%
51.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1997
25.1
18.7
22.1
20.3
468
399
437
3638
132
136
12.3
1.028
0.0371
45.8
19.9%
66.2%
13.8%
Honda
Truck
All
1998
25.7
18.9
22.7
20.7
466
389
429
3592
135
143
12.2
1.056
0.0394
46.2
13.2%
86.8%
Honda
Truck
All
1999
25.3
18.1
23.0
20.5
484
385
435
3888
159
172
11.1
1.117
0.0440
49.1
33.0%
67.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2000
24.9
17.5
23.2
20.2
503
382
440
4102
174
181
10.5
1.071
0.0440
50.9
55.2%
44.8%
Honda
Truck
All
2001
24.6
17.2
22.8
19.9
512
388
447
4165
181
191
10.1
1.080
0.0455
51.0
47.3%
52.7%
Honda
Truck
All
2002
25.0
17.3
23.4
20.2
509
379
440
4148
188
212
9.4
1.124
0.0506
51.8
48.0%
52.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2003
24.6
16.9
22.7
19.7
520
390
450
4198
188
214
9.3
1.135
0.0505
51.5
35.2%
64.8%
Honda
Truck
All
2004
24.3
16.7
22.4
19.5
528
395
456
4192
188
215
9.3
1.136
0.0508
51.0
29.5%
70.5%
Honda
Truck
All
2005
24.7
16.7
22.8
19.7
525
386
450
4218
191
226
8.9
1.179
0.0531
52.3
33.9%
66.1%
Honda
Truck
All
2006
24.5
16.6
22.8
19.6
531
386
453
4273
195
223
9.1
1.139
0.0518
52.5
41.9%
58.1%
Honda
Truck
All
2007
24.5
16.6
22.8
19.6
531
386
452
4341
191
227
9.2
1.191
0.0520
53.5
42.7%
57.3%
Honda
Truck
All
2008
24.9
16.9
23.0
19.9
520
382
447
4310
49.5
187
223
9.3
1.194
0.0515
54.0
35.3%
64.7%
Honda
Truck
All
2009
25.4
17.2
23.4
20.3
511
377
438
4387
49.5
188
224
9.2
1.192
0.0507
56.0
32.4%
67.6%
Honda
Truck
All
2010
26.2
17.6
24.3
20.9
497
362
425
4410
49.6
190
230
9.1
1.214
0.0520
58.0
38.6%
61.4%
Honda
Truck
All
2011
26.4
17.9
24.2
21.0
491
363
423
4361
49.7
191
231
9.0
1.212
0.0526
58.0
31.7%
68.3%
Honda
Truck
All
2012
27.8
18.6
25.8
22.1
472
340
402
4358
50.5
194
235
CO
CO
1.218
0.0537
60.8
38.4%
61.6%
Honda
Truck
All
2013
28.5
19.0
26.3
22.6
460
334
393
4246
49.3
188
228
8.9
1.219
0.0536
60.7
28.5%
71.5%
Honda
Truck
All
2014
29.8
19.9
27.3
23.5
443
323
378
4151
49.2
185
227
CO
CO
1.235
0.0547
61.9
32.1%
67.9%
Honda
Truck
All
2015
31.5
21.0
28.4
24.7
411
310
360
4207
49.1
184
226
8.7
1.230
0.0535
67.2
31.8%
68.2%
Honda
Truck
All
2016
31.2
20.7
28.0
24.3
422
316
366
4229
49.6
189
246
8.1
1.317
0.0582
66.3
33.7%
66.3%
Honda
Truck
All
2017
31.9
21.1
28.7
24.9
408
306
358
4104
49.7
171
245
7.9
1.545
0.0594
66.0
18.7%
81.3%
Honda
Truck
All
2018
31.9
21.1
28.8
24.9
409
306
357
4139
50.5
172
246
7.8
1.539
0.0591
66.5
37.2%
62.8%
Honda
All
All
1975
31.4
24.5
30.0
26.7
362
293
332
2000
83
54
0.653
0.0271
31.5
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1976
32.6
25.6
31.0
27.8
344
284
320
2021
84
56
0.671
0.0278
33.2
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-91 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Honda
Truck
All
1976
Honda
Truck
All
1977
Honda
Truck
All
1978
Honda
Truck
All
1979
Honda
Truck
All
1980
Honda
Truck
All
1981
Honda
Truck
All
1982
Honda
Truck
All
1983
Honda
Truck
All
1984
Honda
Truck
All
1985
Honda
Truck
All
1986
Honda
Truck
All
1987
Honda
Truck
All
1988
Honda
Truck
All
1989
Honda
Truck
All
1990
Honda
Truck
All
1991
Honda
Truck
All
1992
Honda
Truck
All
1993
Honda
Truck
All
1994
65.5%
34.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1996
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1997
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1998
13.4%
86.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
1999
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
100.0%
33.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2000
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
100.0%
55.2%
Honda
Truck
All
2001
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%
100.0%
63.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2002
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
98.9%
Honda
Truck
All
2003
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2004
3.1%
96.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2005
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2006
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2007
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2008
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2009
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2010
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2014
100.0%
11.9%
88.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2015
56.4%
43.6%
51.8%
48.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2016
63.1%
36.9%
72.9%
27.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
Truck
All
2017
62.5%
37.5%
87.3%
12.7%
100.0%
100.0%
0.4%
Honda
Truck
All
2018
62.2%
37.8%
95.6%
4.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Honda
All
All
1975
87.8%
12.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1976
88.9%
11.1%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-92 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Honda
All
All
1977
35.5
28.2
33.2
30.2
307
261
294
2085
88
62
0.716
0.0300
37.9
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1978
33.7
27.4
30.3
28.6
321
290
310
2126
90
63
14.8
0.701
0.0297
36.3
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1979
29.0
23.4
26.5
24.7
378
332
360
2308
97
64
17.1
0.666
0.0279
33.6
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1980
29.2
23.4
26.8
24.8
374
325
358
2330
100
68
17.0
0.685
0.0293
34.2
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1981
30.8
24.9
27.9
26.2
352
312
340
2343
100
71
16.1
0.716
0.0305
36.3
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1982
33.4
27.0
30.3
28.4
324
287
313
2354
100
71
17.2
0.715
0.0304
39.7
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1983
35.3
28.2
32.5
30.0
310
269
296
2380
101
74
15.6
0.728
0.0309
42.3
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1984
35.2
27.7
33.3
29.9
315
264
297
2380
104
84
14.1
0.809
0.0354
42.2
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1985
33.8
26.6
32.0
28.8
327
274
309
2432
104
84
14.1
0.813
0.0347
41.4
98.3%
1.7%
Honda
All
All
1986
33.6
26.2
31.8
28.5
332
276
312
2565
107
90
13.6
0.828
0.0347
43.3
98.1%
1.9%
Honda
All
All
1987
32.8
25.4
31.1
27.7
342
282
320
2633
109
93
13.9
0.840
0.0348
43.4
99.2%
0.8%
Honda
All
All
1988
31.8
24.4
30.0
26.7
353
289
332
2770
115
105
13.1
0.912
0.0375
44.4
99.5%
0.5%
Honda
All
All
1989
31.3
23.9
29.4
26.2
362
296
339
2800
112
110
12.2
0.986
0.0392
44.1
95.9%
4.1%
Honda
All
All
1990
30.4
23.1
28.3
25.4
374
309
350
2884
119
121
10.9
1.021
0.0418
44.2
99.7%
0.3%
Honda
All
All
1991
30.3
22.9
28.2
25.2
377
310
353
2913
122
130
10.7
1.056
0.0440
44.5
99.6%
0.4%
Honda
All
All
1992
30.9
22.8
29.4
25.7
374
294
346
3015
125
135
10.3
1.087
0.0446
47.3
99.8%
0.2%
Honda
All
All
1993
32.2
23.6
30.2
26.5
363
287
335
2977
119
125
10.1
1.061
0.0418
48.3
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
All
All
1994
31.5
23.0
29.5
25.9
375
294
343
3084
123
134
9.8
1.107
0.0434
49.0
97.9%
2.0%
0.1%
Honda
All
All
1995
32.4
23.5
30.2
26.5
368
288
335
3016
118
131
10.1
1.124
0.0432
49.3
99.9%
0.1%
Honda
All
All
1996
31.0
22.3
28.9
25.3
386
300
351
3106
127
137
10.4
1.090
0.0439
48.6
96.2%
3.8%
Honda
All
All
1997
31.0
22.3
28.5
25.2
388
304
353
3097
124
134
10.6
1.091
0.0431
48.4
90.0%
7.6%
2.4%
Honda
All
All
1998
30.9
22.0
28.6
25.0
394
305
355
3231
129
144
10.7
1.125
0.0444
50.3
89.7%
9.4%
0.9%
Honda
All
All
1999
29.6
20.8
27.5
23.9
417
317
371
3345
139
156
10.4
1.139
0.0465
49.7
87.9%
10.8%
1.2%
Honda
All
All
2000
29.4
20.5
27.5
23.8
421
317
374
3381
142
159
9.9
1.141
0.0468
49.9
89.8%
8.5%
1.6%
Honda
All
All
2001
29.9
20.6
27.7
24.0
414
311
370
3428
145
162
9.7
1.135
0.0471
51.5
86.3%
12.1%
1.6%
Honda
All
All
2002
29.8
20.4
27.7
23.9
421
313
372
3462
149
171
9.6
1.149
0.0488
51.8
85.8%
13.1%
1.1%
Honda
All
All
2003
29.1
19.7
27.2
23.3
434
316
382
3626
159
186
9.2
1.170
0.0507
53.3
75.5%
24.0%
0.6%
Honda
All
All
2004
28.9
19.5
26.9
23.1
438
320
385
3633
158
187
9.2
1.182
0.0508
53.1
73.3%
26.2%
0.6%
Honda
All
All
2005
29.1
19.4
27.0
23.1
439
318
384
3659
160
193
9.0
1.199
0.0520
53.9
72.6%
26.8%
0.7%
Honda
All
All
2006
28.9
19.3
26.9
23.0
441
317
386
3735
163
196
9.0
1.213
0.0521
54.9
74.3%
25.3%
0.4%
Honda
All
All
2007
29.3
19.5
27.2
23.3
436
315
382
3713
158
193
9.1
1.226
0.0514
55.2
76.9%
22.8%
0.3%
Honda
All
All
2008
30.1
20.0
27.9
23.9
426
307
372
3681
46.5
155
191
9.2
1.240
0.0514
56.1
77.1%
22.7%
0.2%
Honda
All
All
2009
31.1
20.7
28.8
24.6
414
299
361
3626
46.3
150
187
9.1
1.248
0.0510
56.9
79.7%
20.3%
0.0%
Honda
All
All
2010
31.5
21.0
29.1
24.9
0
0
357
3686
46.4
154
193
9.0
1.265
0.0518
58.8
78.4%
21.6%
Honda
All
All
2011
30.4
20.2
27.7
23.9
0
0
372
3848
47.4
164
201
9.0
1.236
0.0516
59.0
66.3%
33.7%
Honda
All
All
2012
33.7
22.1
30.7
26.3
387
281
338
3645
46.8
154
192
9.0
1.249
0.0520
61.9
78.6%
21.4%
Honda
All
All
2013
34.9
23.0
31.5
27.2
0
0
327
3606
46.3
153
192
8.9
1.263
0.0526
63.7
76.6%
23.4%
Honda
All
All
2014
34.7
23.0
31.0
27.0
0
0
329
3701
47.0
159
201
8.6
1.269
0.0539
65.2
72.3%
27.7%
Honda
All
All
2015
37.0
24.5
32.5
28.5
350
268
312
3639
46.5
153
194
8.6
1.276
0.0529
68.3
74.9%
25.1%
Honda
All
All
2016
36.7
24.2
32.2
28.2
355
270
315
3680
47.0
155
207
8.3
1.352
0.0558
68.0
69.1%
30.9%
Honda
All
All
2017
38.1
25.2
33.6
29.4
0
0
302
3595
47.1
143
203
8.1
1.484
0.0559
69.9
69.8%
30.2%
Honda
All
All
2018
38.6
25.5
33.5
29.5
0
0
300
3618
47.8
133
205
7.9
1.631
0.0561
72.8
74.6%
25.4%
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-93 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Honda
All
All
1977
81.3%
18.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1978
82.0%
18.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1979
74.8%
25.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1980
58.0%
33.1%
8.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1981
73.6%
26.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1982
71.8%
28.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1983
64.5%
12.2%
23.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1984
64.5%
35.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1985
62.9%
37.1%
91.8%
8.2%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1986
63.1%
36.9%
63.0%
37.0%
69.9%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1987
49.0%
51.0%
61.9%
38.1%
97.8%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1988
47.8%
52.2%
34.6%
42.9%
22.5%
98.6%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1989
46.3%
53.7%
26.0%
48.0%
26.0%
98.8%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1990
41.2%
58.8%
0.6%
75.1%
24.3%
99.2%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1991
38.6%
61.4%
74.3%
25.7%
99.0%
0.4%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1992
35.2%
64.8%
100.0%
97.5%
3.8%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1993
35.5%
64.5%
100.0%
99.6%
14.4%
100.0%
Honda
All
All
1994
36.3%
63.7%
100.0%
98.4%
35.5%
Honda
All
All
1995
34.0%
66.0%
100.0%
98.9%
33.9%
Honda
All
All
1996
26.1%
73.8%
0.1%
100.0%
99.9%
27.0%
Honda
All
All
1997
23.6%
75.7%
0.7%
100.0%
100.0%
27.6%
Honda
All
All
1998
20.7%
78.8%
0.5%
100.0%
100.0%
57.2%
Honda
All
All
1999
16.5%
83.2%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
64.4%
Honda
All
All
2000
14.9%
84.9%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
68.5%
0.5%
Honda
All
All
2001
13.1%
86.6%
0.3%
100.0%
100.0%
84.0%
0.3%
Honda
All
All
2002
12.5%
87.3%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
96.4%
0.2%
Honda
All
All
2003
9.5%
88.6%
1.9%
100.0%
97.7%
99.8%
2.3%
Honda
All
All
2004
9.4%
89.2%
1.4%
100.0%
98.3%
99.4%
1.7%
Honda
All
All
2005
7.8%
90.5%
1.6%
100.0%
98.1%
100.0%
3.4%
Honda
All
All
2006
7.1%
90.8%
2.1%
100.0%
97.9%
100.0%
2.4%
Honda
All
All
2007
6.7%
91.4%
2.0%
100.0%
98.0%
100.0%
2.2%
Honda
All
All
2008
6.4%
91.5%
2.1%
100.0%
97.9%
100.0%
2.1%
Honda
All
All
2009
4.6%
93.7%
1.7%
100.0%
98.3%
100.0%
1.7%
Honda
All
All
2010
2.3%
93.6%
4.2%
100.0%
95.8%
100.0%
4.2%
Honda
All
All
2011
2.2%
95.5%
2.3%
100.0%
98.7%
100.0%
2.8%
Honda
All
All
2012
2.8%
95.7%
1.5%
100.0%
98.8%
100.0%
1.5%
Honda
All
All
2013
3.1%
75.2%
21.6%
20.8%
79.2%
98.8%
100.0%
1.5%
Honda
All
All
2014
1.9%
57.8%
40.3%
27.7%
72.2%
99.4%
100.0%
1.6%
Honda
All
All
2015
3.1%
29.8%
67.2%
53.8%
46.2%
99.7%
100.0%
1.5%
Honda
All
All
2016
0.6%
32.5%
66.9%
65.1%
34.9%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Honda
All
All
2017
2.3%
28.3%
69.3%
71.1%
28.8%
99.9%
99.9%
2.2%
Honda
All
All
2018
4.8%
31.8%
63.4%
76.4%
23.5%
99.9%
99.9%
4.3%
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
Hyundai
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-94 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
34.9
27.9
31.6
29.5
318
279
301
2500
94.2
90
68
16.0
0.756
0.0272
43.7
3296
4120
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
34.5
27.5
30.9
29.0
322
285
306
2500
94.2
90
68
16.4
0.756
0.0272
43.2
3259
4073
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
34.3
27.2
30.5
28.7
326
289
310
2500
94.2
90
68
16.7
0.756
0.0272
43.0
3240
4050
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
33.1
25.2
31.3
27.8
349
280
320
2580
97.4
99
75
15.6
0.758
0.0287
42.9
3239
4170
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
33.1
25.2
30.7
27.6
346
285
322
2636
99.1
103
89
12.9
0.873
0.0335
43.8
3310
4335
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
32.7
24.6
30.4
27.1
354
289
328
2632
99.1
103
89
13.1
0.877
0.0335
43.2
3268
4272
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
31.1
23.0
29.3
25.7
378
300
345
2776
100.0
102
99
12.4
0.982
0.0353
43.2
3139
4323
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
31.0
23.0
28.9
25.6
379
304
347
2790
101.0
105
104
11.3
0.991
0.0370
43.4
3167
4384
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
32.7
23.8
30.8
26.9
369
285
330
2666
98.9
98
98
11.3
0.992
0.0365
43.8
3268
4329
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
30.9
22.1
29.5
25.4
394
294
350
2813
103.8
110
112
11.2
1.031
0.0396
43.7
3262
4535
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
32.7
23.0
31.6
26.8
381
279
332
2720
105.8
102
109
11.4
1.061
0.0397
44.6
3484
4713
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
31.0
21.8
29.9
25.4
403
294
351
2820
105.4
108
116
11.1
1.076
0.0409
43.9
3303
4621
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
30.6
21.4
29.1
24.9
409
302
357
2831
105.4
108
115
11.6
1.058
0.0402
43.5
3259
4576
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
30.5
20.9
29.6
24.8
420
298
358
2948
107.2
118
126
11.0
1.066
0.0424
44.9
3274
4818
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
30.0
20.4
29.1
24.4
431
303
365
3024
106.7
120
130
10.5
1.080
0.0426
45.4
3217
4842
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
31.0
21.0
29.8
25.0
418
296
355
3072
106.4
123
132
10.2
1.077
0.0428
47.6
3324
5072
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
30.8
20.8
29.5
24.8
423
298
358
3101
107.9
128
135
10.4
1.061
0.0432
47.8
3353
5161
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
30.1
20.2
28.5
24.1
434
309
369
3162
106.9
133
141
10.0
1.068
0.0443
47.7
3254
5100
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
29.2
19.5
27.7
23.4
447
318
380
3247
108.8
139
146
9.9
1.061
0.0448
47.6
3224
5184
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
30.2
20.0
28.1
24.0
437
313
371
3179
110.2
134
142
10.0
1.073
0.0446
48.1
3365
5297
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
29.8
19.6
28.4
23.8
448
312
373
3524
116.3
163
186
9.0
1.143
0.0520
52.4
3490
6118
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
32.1
21.1
30.0
25.4
412
294
350
3384
115.2
149
170
9.5
1.138
0.0493
54.3
3740
6264
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
33.8
22.4
31.1
26.6
392
284
334
3220
43.8
113.6
135
153
10.0
1.133
0.0467
54.4
3870
6191
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
33.8
22.2
31.4
26.7
394
281
333
3351
44.6
116.9
144
171
9.2
1.183
0.0501
56.5
3972
6614
93.9%
6.1%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
35.9
23.8
32.5
28.1
368
272
316
3184
44.7
113.8
132
157
9.7
1.175
0.0485
57.2
4124
6520
90.7%
9.3%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
36.4
23.0
33.6
28.1
379
262
317
3396
47.1
117.3
140
194
8.3
1.386
0.0564
62.3
4326
7301
93.0%
7.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
37.7
24.8
34.3
29.5
350
256
302
3282
46.2
114.7
132
186
8.4
1.412
0.0557
62.3
4384
7151
92.0%
8.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
38.7
25.4
35.2
30.2
343
250
294
3216
46.0
113.6
126
178
8.5
1.413
0.0547
62.6
4442
7112
94.4%
5.6%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
38.0
24.7
34.2
29.4
353
258
303
3206
45.9
113.8
127
176
8.5
1.393
0.0543
61.5
4384
7005
96.0%
4.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
37.2
24.2
33.9
28.9
359
259
308
3388
47.3
116.6
138
187
8.4
1.361
0.0543
63.7
4431
7446
90.5%
2.6%
6.9%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
39.9
25.9
35.5
30.6
335
248
290
3209
46.1
114.3
125
168
8.7
1.352
0.0520
64.9
4641
7452
95.9%
1.1%
3.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
41.3
27.0
37.4
32.1
0
0
277
3179
46.0
113.8
127
163
CO
CO
1.282
0.0508
67.1
4818
7662
96.8%
1.2%
2.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
41.5
27.1
36.5
31.7
0
0
279
3290
46.7
116.4
131
168
8.7
1.283
0.0506
71.4
5086
8343
95.4%
2.3%
2.3%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1975
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1976
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1977
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-95 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
74.6%
25.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
63.3%
36.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
59.5%
40.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
47.1%
52.9%
84.0%
16.0%
84.0%
16.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
42.1%
6.0%
51.9%
100.0%
78.9%
21.1%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
39.1%
7.8%
53.2%
100.0%
81.5%
18.5%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
36.4%
8.4%
55.2%
100.0%
24.7%
85.3%
14.7%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
33.7%
7.0%
59.3%
100.0%
52.6%
85.4%
14.6%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
40.8%
1.1%
58.2%
100.0%
98.9%
98.2%
1.8%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
29.8%
70.2%
100.0%
89.9%
77.0%
23.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
28.6%
71.4%
100.0%
97.7%
88.5%
11.5%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
27.5%
72.5%
100.0%
94.8%
4.5%
82.7%
17.3%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
22.5%
77.5%
100.0%
96.4%
7.1%
81.8%
18.2%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
24.7%
75.3%
100.0%
100.0%
51.9%
81.1%
18.9%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
18.7%
81.3%
100.0%
100.0%
56.5%
79.9%
20.1%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
21.6%
78.4%
100.0%
100.0%
47.2%
75.5%
24.5%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
15.9%
84.1%
100.0%
100.0%
38.4%
68.1%
31.9%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
16.1%
83.9%
100.0%
100.0%
45.4%
72.0%
28.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
12.1%
87.9%
100.0%
100.0%
37.8%
56.1%
43.9%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
12.3%
87.7%
100.0%
100.0%
46.7%
22.2%
77.8%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
100.0%
90.8%
12.4%
29.5%
58.1%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
7.5%
92.5%
100.0%
100.0%
46.1%
20.5%
28.2%
51.3%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
8.1%
91.9%
100.0%
100.0%
36.5%
22.9%
40.5%
36.6%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
21.2%
21.4%
57.5%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
6.5%
93.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
28.5%
43.3%
28.3%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
2.6%
2.5%
94.9%
62.0%
38.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.5%
12.1%
20.9%
67.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
4.3%
4.4%
91.3%
62.7%
37.3%
100.0%
100.0%
4.4%
25.4%
31.7%
42.9%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
4.0%
2.7%
93.3%
51.4%
48.6%
100.0%
100.0%
2.7%
17.9%
46.9%
35.3%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
4.4%
2.8%
92.8%
67.6%
32.4%
100.0%
100.0%
2.8%
22.6%
40.3%
37.1%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
1.9%
6.5%
91.6%
72.4%
27.6%
100.0%
100.0%
3.3%
15.1%
30.1%
54.8%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
2.9%
8.1%
88.9%
68.3%
31.7%
100.0%
100.0%
4.0%
23.9%
41.3%
34.8%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
1.2%
8.1%
90.7%
53.1%
46.8%
99.9%
99.9%
4.5%
16.7%
52.3%
31.0%
Hyunda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
2.2%
10.8%
87.1%
60.1%
39.6%
99.8%
99.8%
7.5%
5.5%
45.4%
49.2%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1975
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1976
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1977
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1978
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-96 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1979
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1980
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1981
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1982
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1983
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1984
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1985
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1986
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1987
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1988
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1989
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1990
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1991
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1992
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1993
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1994
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1995
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1996
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1997
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1998
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1999
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2000
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2001
25.9
17.8
24.7
21.0
500
359
423
4000
154
157
10.9
1.019
0.0393
51.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2002
25.3
17.3
24.0
20.5
513
370
434
4000
157
164
10.8
1.040
0.0411
50.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2003
25.6
17.6
23.8
20.6
504
372
432
4000
163
164
10.6
1.008
0.0410
51.4
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2004
25.0
17.0
23.3
20.1
518
380
443
4000
169
168
10.5
0.996
0.0420
50.4
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2005
25.4
17.4
23.1
20.2
510
383
439
3922
162
171
10.2
1.060
0.0435
49.9
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2006
25.7
17.6
23.3
20.4
505
381
435
3903
157
168
10.4
1.073
0.0429
50.2
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2007
26.0
17.8
23.4
20.6
498
380
432
3956
175
203
9.4
1.156
0.0510
51.3
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2008
26.1
17.8
23.8
20.8
498
373
428
3978
46.9
175
201
9.5
1.149
0.0503
52.0
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2009
26.4
18.0
23.9
21.0
492
372
424
3949
46.8
174
202
9.2
1.158
0.0509
52.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2010
30.4
20.5
27.6
24.0
430
320
370
3901
46.7
167
202
8.9
1.210
0.0516
59.4
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2011
30.4
20.3
27.4
23.8
435
322
373
3833
46.4
166
202
CO
CO
1.221
0.0526
58.3
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2012
30.3
20.2
27.5
23.8
439
320
373
3812
46.3
164
199
CO
CO
1.216
0.0520
57.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2013
30.3
20.4
27.7
24.0
434
319
370
3858
46.8
138
209
8.6
1.542
0.0540
58.4
73.8%
26.2%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2014
29.3
19.8
26.3
23.0
448
337
386
3883
47.0
139
204
CO
CO
1.488
0.0525
56.9
71.7%
28.3%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2015
29.7
20.1
26.5
23.3
0
0
382
3835
46.7
139
196
9.0
1.424
0.0511
57.0
71.3%
28.7%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2016
32.1
21.9
27.7
24.9
0
0
357
3822
46.8
121
181
9.3
1.527
0.0473
61.9
57.6%
42.4%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2017
31.8
21.7
27.9
24.9
0
0
357
3852
47.0
127
181
9.4
1.457
0.0470
61.6
55.1%
44.9%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2018
31.3
21.4
27.2
24.4
414
325
365
3856
47.0
130
185
9.3
1.448
0.0478
60.6
57.3%
42.7%
Hyunda
Car
All
1975
Hyunda
Car
All
1976
Hyunda
Car
All
1977
Hyunda
Car
All
1978
Hyunda
Car
All
1979
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-97 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1979
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1980
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1981
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1982
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1983
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1984
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1985
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1986
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1987
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1988
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1989
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1990
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1991
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1992
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1993
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1994
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1995
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1996
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1997
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1998
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
1999
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2000
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2001
7.9%
92.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2002
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2003
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2004
4.2%
95.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2005
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2006
4.5%
95.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2007
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
100.0%
8.1%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2008
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
100.0%
50.1%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2009
1.2%
98.8%
100.0%
100.0%
51.7%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2010
1.2%
98.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2011
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2012
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2013
0.1%
99.9%
71.5%
28.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2015
0.1%
99.9%
99.9%
99.9%
99.9%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2016
34.6%
65.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2017
21.0%
79.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
Car SUV
2018
11.1%
88.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1975
Hyunda
Car
All
1976
Hyunda
Car
All
1977
Hyunda
Car
All
1978
Hyunda
Car
All
1979
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-98 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Hyunda
Car
All
1980
Hyunda
Car
All
1981
Hyunda
Car
All
1982
Hyunda
Car
All
1983
Hyunda
Car
All
1984
Hyunda
Car
All
1985
Hyunda
Car
All
1986
34.9
27.9
31.6
29.5
318
279
301
2500
90
68
16.0
0.756
0.0272
43.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1987
34.5
27.5
30.9
29.0
322
285
306
2500
90
68
16.4
0.756
0.0272
43.2
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1988
34.3
27.2
30.5
28.7
326
289
310
2500
90
68
16.7
0.756
0.0272
43.0
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1989
33.1
25.2
31.3
27.8
349
280
320
2580
99
75
15.6
0.758
0.0287
42.9
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1990
33.1
25.2
30.7
27.6
346
285
322
2636
103
89
12.9
0.873
0.0335
43.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1991
32.7
24.6
30.4
27.1
354
289
328
2632
103
89
13.1
0.877
0.0335
43.2
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1992
31.1
23.0
29.3
25.7
378
300
345
2776
102
99
12.4
0.982
0.0353
43.2
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1993
31.0
23.0
28.9
25.6
379
304
347
2790
105
104
11.3
0.991
0.0370
43.4
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1994
32.7
23.8
30.8
26.9
369
285
330
2666
98
98
11.3
0.992
0.0365
43.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1995
30.9
22.1
29.5
25.4
394
294
350
2813
110
112
11.2
1.031
0.0396
43.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1996
32.7
23.0
31.6
26.8
381
279
332
2720
102
109
11.4
1.061
0.0397
44.6
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1997
31.0
21.8
29.9
25.4
403
294
351
2820
108
116
11.1
1.076
0.0409
43.9
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1998
30.6
21.4
29.1
24.9
409
302
357
2831
108
115
11.6
1.058
0.0402
43.5
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1999
30.5
20.9
29.6
24.8
420
298
358
2948
118
126
11.0
1.066
0.0424
44.9
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2000
30.0
20.4
29.1
24.4
431
303
365
3024
120
130
10.5
1.080
0.0426
45.4
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2001
30.5
20.7
29.2
24.6
425
301
361
3158
126
135
10.3
1.072
0.0425
48.0
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2002
30.0
20.2
28.6
24.2
433
306
368
3218
132
139
10.4
1.059
0.0429
48.2
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2003
29.3
19.8
27.7
23.5
442
317
378
3279
137
144
10.1
1.059
0.0438
48.2
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2004
28.2
18.9
26.6
22.6
461
330
394
3413
146
151
10.1
1.046
0.0442
48.2
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2005
28.8
19.3
26.7
22.9
453
328
388
3364
141
149
10.0
1.070
0.0443
48.5
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2006
29.0
19.2
27.3
23.1
457
322
385
3593
162
183
9.2
1.130
0.0503
52.0
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2007
30.0
20.0
27.7
23.8
434
315
374
3554
157
180
9.4
1.143
0.0498
53.4
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2008
31.7
21.2
29.1
25.1
411
300
354
3386
44.5
143
163
9.9
1.137
0.0475
53.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2009
32.3
21.4
29.9
25.6
407
293
348
3448
45.0
148
176
9.2
1.179
0.0502
55.8
94.9%
5.1%
Hyunda
Car
All
2010
34.9
23.2
31.7
27.4
376
278
325
3294
45.0
138
164
9.5
1.181
0.0490
57.5
92.2%
7.8%
Hyunda
Car
All
2011
35.4
22.6
32.6
27.4
386
269
325
3459
47.0
144
195
8.4
1.362
0.0558
61.7
94.0%
6.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2012
36.6
24.1
33.3
28.6
359
262
311
3348
46.2
136
187
8.4
1.388
0.0552
61.8
93.0%
7.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2013
37.4
24.7
34.1
29.3
352
257
303
3294
46.1
128
182
8.5
1.428
0.0546
62.1
91.9%
3.2%
4.9%
Hyunda
Car
All
2014
35.8
23.5
32.2
27.8
370
271
320
3346
46.1
130
182
8.5
1.413
0.0539
60.5
91.0%
5.9%
3.2%
Hyunda
Car
All
2015
36.0
23.5
32.7
28.0
0
0
317
3448
47.2
138
188
8.5
1.370
0.0539
62.8
88.0%
6.1%
5.9%
Hyunda
Car
All
2016
37.8
24.9
33.4
29.1
0
0
305
3349
46.3
124
171
CO
CO
1.392
0.0509
64.3
87.2%
10.5%
2.3%
Hyunda
Car
All
2017
37.6
25.0
33.7
29.3
0
0
303
3399
46.3
127
169
9.0
1.339
0.0495
65.3
83.2%
15.5%
1.3%
Hyunda
Car
All
2018
37.1
24.7
32.5
28.6
0
0
311
3497
46.8
130
174
8.9
1.344
0.0496
67.5
81.5%
17.1%
1.4%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-99 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Hyunda
Car
All
1980
Hyunda
Car
All
1981
Hyunda
Car
All
1982
Hyunda
Car
All
1983
Hyunda
Car
All
1984
Hyunda
Car
All
1985
Hyunda
Car
All
1986
74.6%
25.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1987
63.3%
36.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1988
59.5%
40.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1989
47.1%
52.9%
84.0%
16.0%
84.0%
16.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1990
42.1%
6.0%
51.9%
100.0%
78.9%
21.1%
Hyunda
Car
All
1991
39.1%
7.8%
53.2%
100.0%
81.5%
18.5%
Hyunda
Car
All
1992
36.4%
8.4%
55.2%
100.0%
24.7%
85.3%
14.7%
Hyunda
Car
All
1993
33.7%
7.0%
59.3%
100.0%
52.6%
85.4%
14.6%
Hyunda
Car
All
1994
40.8%
1.1%
58.2%
100.0%
98.9%
98.2%
1.8%
Hyunda
Car
All
1995
29.8%
70.2%
100.0%
89.9%
77.0%
23.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
1996
28.6%
71.4%
100.0%
97.7%
88.5%
11.5%
Hyunda
Car
All
1997
27.5%
72.5%
100.0%
94.8%
4.5%
82.7%
17.3%
Hyunda
Car
All
1998
22.5%
77.5%
100.0%
96.4%
7.1%
81.8%
18.2%
Hyunda
Car
All
1999
24.7%
75.3%
100.0%
100.0%
51.9%
81.1%
18.9%
Hyunda
Car
All
2000
18.7%
81.3%
100.0%
100.0%
56.5%
79.9%
20.1%
Hyunda
Car
All
2001
20.4%
79.6%
100.0%
100.0%
42.8%
Hyunda
Car
All
2002
14.2%
85.8%
100.0%
100.0%
33.4%
Hyunda
Car
All
2003
14.8%
85.2%
100.0%
100.0%
39.1%
Hyunda
Car
All
2004
10.3%
89.7%
100.0%
100.0%
29.5%
Hyunda
Car
All
2005
9.9%
90.1%
100.0%
100.0%
35.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2006
5.8%
94.2%
100.0%
100.0%
74.3%
Hyunda
Car
All
2007
6.0%
94.0%
100.0%
100.0%
34.8%
Hyunda
Car
All
2008
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
100.0%
39.4%
Hyunda
Car
All
2009
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
100.0%
92.2%
Hyunda
Car
All
2010
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Car
All
2011
2.4%
2.1%
95.5%
53.1%
46.9%
100.0%
100.0%
2.1%
Hyunda
Car
All
2012
3.8%
3.8%
92.4%
54.9%
45.1%
100.0%
100.0%
3.8%
Hyunda
Car
All
2013
3.5%
2.4%
94.1%
53.9%
46.1%
100.0%
100.0%
2.4%
Hyunda
Car
All
2014
3.5%
2.3%
94.3%
74.3%
25.7%
100.0%
100.0%
2.3%
Hyunda
Car
All
2015
1.6%
5.6%
92.7%
76.1%
23.9%
100.0%
100.0%
2.8%
Hyunda
Car
All
2016
2.3%
14.2%
83.5%
75.5%
24.5%
100.0%
100.0%
3.1%
Hyunda
Car
All
2017
0.8%
12.3%
86.8%
68.4%
31.5%
99.9%
99.9%
3.1%
Hyunda
Car
All
2018
1.4%
10.9%
87.8%
74.7%
25.1%
99.9%
99.9%
4.8%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-100 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
24.0
17.0
21.8
19.3
523
408
460
4000
162
173
10.5
1.068
0.0433
47.9
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
23.5
16.5
21.7
19.0
540
410
468
4000
162
173
10.6
1.068
0.0433
47.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
23.3
16.2
21.3
18.7
548
416
475
4000
173
178
10.3
1.034
0.0445
46.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
22.8
15.8
20.7
18.3
560
427
486
4000
184
185
10.0
1.012
0.0462
45.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
23.0
15.7
21.3
18.4
566
417
482
4000
179
180
10.1
1.012
0.0450
46.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
22.9
15.6
21.3
18.4
570
418
484
4208
183
182
10.3
1.003
0.0433
48.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
24.5
16.7
22.4
19.5
532
396
455
4397
184
213
9.7
1.152
0.0482
53.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
24.6
16.6
22.9
19.7
536
387
452
4425
47.2
190
218
9.6
1.148
0.0492
54.4
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
24.9
16.8
23.1
19.9
528
385
447
4469
47.0
184
213
9.7
1.158
0.0477
55.6
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
29.2
19.8
26.3
23.0
446
337
386
3944
46.9
173
211
8.9
1.217
0.0534
57.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
28.7
19.5
25.3
22.5
452
350
396
3911
46.7
178
220
8.6
1.226
0.0559
56.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
28.5
19.4
25.4
22.5
456
348
396
3841
46.4
171
209
8.8
1.220
0.0542
54.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
28.1
18.9
25.6
22.2
468
346
400
3843
47.0
173
230
8.3
1.315
0.0592
53.9
26.6%
73.4%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
27.3
18.5
24.3
21.4
478
365
415
3968
47.5
178
246
8.0
1.368
0.0613
54.1
33.5%
66.5%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
27.5
18.7
24.1
21.5
472
368
414
3934
47.0
169
231
8.4
1.355
0.0579
53.9
24.2%
75.8%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
26.4
17.7
23.6
20.6
502
376
431
4341
49.2
201
290
7.4
1.440
0.0670
57.2
49.4%
50.6%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
26.4
17.7
23.7
20.7
502
374
430
4342
49.2
201
290
7.4
1.440
0.0670
57.3
52.2%
47.8%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
29.1
19.7
25.5
22.6
435
341
393
4041
47.5
174
249
8.0
1.431
0.0607
59.3
54.9%
45.1%
Hyunda
Truck
All
1975
Hyunda
Truck
All
1976
Hyunda
Truck
All
1977
Hyunda
Truck
All
1978
Hyunda
Truck
All
1979
Hyunda
Truck
All
1980
Hyunda
Truck
All
1981
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-101 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
2.5%
97.5%
100.0%
100.0%
6.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
100.0%
57.7%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
50.5%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
100.0%
47.7%
52.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
10.8%
89.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
1975
Hyunda
Truck
All
1976
Hyunda
Truck
All
1977
Hyunda
Truck
All
1978
Hyunda
Truck
All
1979
Hyunda
Truck
All
1980
Hyunda
Truck
All
1981
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-102 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Hyunda
Truck
All
1982
Hyunda
Truck
All
1983
Hyunda
Truck
All
1984
Hyunda
Truck
All
1985
Hyunda
Truck
All
1986
Hyunda
Truck
All
1987
Hyunda
Truck
All
1988
Hyunda
Truck
All
1989
Hyunda
Truck
All
1990
Hyunda
Truck
All
1991
Hyunda
Truck
All
1992
Hyunda
Truck
All
1993
Hyunda
Truck
All
1994
Hyunda
Truck
All
1995
Hyunda
Truck
All
1996
Hyunda
Truck
All
1997
Hyunda
Truck
All
1998
Hyunda
Truck
All
1999
Hyunda
Truck
All
2000
Hyunda
Truck
All
2001
24.0
17.0
21.8
19.3
523
408
460
4000
162
173
10.5
1.068
0.0433
47.9
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2002
23.5
16.5
21.7
19.0
540
410
468
4000
162
173
10.6
1.068
0.0433
47.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2003
23.3
16.2
21.3
18.7
548
416
475
4000
173
178
10.3
1.034
0.0445
46.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2004
22.8
15.8
20.7
18.3
560
427
486
4000
184
185
10.0
1.012
0.0462
45.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2005
23.0
15.7
21.3
18.4
566
417
482
4000
179
180
10.1
1.012
0.0450
46.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2006
22.9
15.6
21.3
18.4
570
418
484
4208
183
182
10.3
1.003
0.0433
48.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2007
24.5
16.7
22.4
19.5
532
396
455
4397
184
213
9.7
1.152
0.0482
53.8
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2008
24.6
16.6
22.9
19.7
536
387
452
4425
47.2
190
218
9.6
1.148
0.0492
54.4
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2009
24.9
16.8
23.1
19.9
528
385
447
4469
47.0
184
213
9.7
1.158
0.0477
55.6
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2010
29.2
19.8
26.3
23.0
446
337
386
3944
46.9
173
211
8.9
1.217
0.0534
57.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2011
28.7
19.5
25.3
22.5
452
350
396
3911
46.7
178
220
8.6
1.226
0.0559
56.1
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2012
28.5
19.4
25.4
22.5
456
348
396
3841
46.4
171
209
CO
CO
1.220
0.0542
54.7
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2013
28.1
18.9
25.6
22.2
468
346
400
3843
47.0
173
230
8.3
1.315
0.0592
53.9
26.6%
73.4%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2014
27.3
18.5
24.3
21.4
478
365
415
3968
47.5
178
246
8.0
1.368
0.0613
54.1
33.5%
66.5%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2015
27.5
18.7
24.1
21.5
472
368
414
3934
47.0
169
231
8.4
1.355
0.0579
53.9
24.2%
75.8%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2016
26.4
17.7
23.6
20.6
502
376
431
4341
49.2
201
290
7.4
1.440
0.0670
57.2
49.4%
50.6%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2017
26.4
17.7
23.7
20.7
502
374
430
4342
49.2
201
290
7.4
1.440
0.0670
57.3
52.2%
47.8%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2018
29.1
19.7
25.5
22.6
435
341
393
4041
47.5
174
249
8.0
1.431
0.0607
59.3
54.9%
45.1%
Hyunda
All
All
1975
Hyunda
All
All
1976
Hyunda
All
All
1977
Hyunda
All
All
1978
Hyunda
All
All
1979
Hyunda
All
All
1980
Hyunda
All
All
1981
Hyunda
All
All
1982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-103 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Hyunda
Truck
All
1982
Hyunda
Truck
All
1983
Hyunda
Truck
All
1984
Hyunda
Truck
All
1985
Hyunda
Truck
All
1986
Hyunda
Truck
All
1987
Hyunda
Truck
All
1988
Hyunda
Truck
All
1989
Hyunda
Truck
All
1990
Hyunda
Truck
All
1991
Hyunda
Truck
All
1992
Hyunda
Truck
All
1993
Hyunda
Truck
All
1994
Hyunda
Truck
All
1995
Hyunda
Truck
All
1996
Hyunda
Truck
All
1997
Hyunda
Truck
All
1998
Hyunda
Truck
All
1999
Hyunda
Truck
All
2000
Hyunda
Truck
All
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2007
2.5%
97.5%
100.0%
100.0%
6.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2008
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
100.0%
57.7%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2009
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
50.5%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2013
100.0%
47.7%
52.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
Truck
All
2018
10.8%
89.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1975
Hyunda
All
All
1976
Hyunda
All
All
1977
Hyunda
All
All
1978
Hyunda
All
All
1979
Hyunda
All
All
1980
Hyunda
All
All
1981
Hyunda
All
All
1982
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-104 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Hyunda
All
All
1983
Hyunda
All
All
1984
Hyunda
All
All
1985
Hyunda
All
All
1986
34.9
27.9
31.6
29.5
318
279
301
2500
90
68
16.0
0.756
0.0272
43.7
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1987
34.5
27.5
30.9
29.0
322
285
306
2500
90
68
16.4
0.756
0.0272
43.2
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1988
34.3
27.2
30.5
28.7
326
289
310
2500
90
68
16.7
0.756
0.0272
43.0
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1989
33.1
25.2
31.3
27.8
349
280
320
2580
99
75
15.6
0.758
0.0287
42.9
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1990
33.1
25.2
30.7
27.6
346
285
322
2636
103
89
12.9
0.873
0.0335
43.8
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1991
32.7
24.6
30.4
27.1
354
289
328
2632
103
89
13.1
0.877
0.0335
43.2
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1992
31.1
23.0
29.3
25.7
378
300
345
2776
102
99
12.4
0.982
0.0353
43.2
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1993
31.0
23.0
28.9
25.6
379
304
347
2790
105
104
11.3
0.991
0.0370
43.4
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1994
32.7
23.8
30.8
26.9
369
285
330
2666
98
98
11.3
0.992
0.0365
43.8
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1995
30.9
22.1
29.5
25.4
394
294
350
2813
110
112
11.2
1.031
0.0396
43.7
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1996
32.7
23.0
31.6
26.8
381
279
332
2720
102
109
11.4
1.061
0.0397
44.6
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1997
31.0
21.8
29.9
25.4
403
294
351
2820
108
116
11.1
1.076
0.0409
43.9
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1998
30.6
21.4
29.1
24.9
409
302
357
2831
108
115
11.6
1.058
0.0402
43.5
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1999
30.5
20.9
29.6
24.8
420
298
358
2948
118
126
11.0
1.066
0.0424
44.9
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
2000
30.0
20.4
29.1
24.4
431
303
365
3024
120
130
10.5
1.080
0.0426
45.4
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
2001
29.9
20.3
28.5
24.1
431
306
368
3218
129
137
10.3
1.071
0.0426
48.0
92.9%
7.1%
Hyunda
All
All
2002
29.2
19.8
27.8
23.6
441
313
377
3291
135
142
10.4
1.060
0.0429
48.1
90.7%
9.3%
Hyunda
All
All
2003
28.5
19.3
26.8
22.8
453
326
389
3365
141
148
10.1
1.056
0.0439
48.0
88.0%
12.0%
Hyunda
All
All
2004
27.5
18.5
25.8
22.0
471
338
404
3479
150
155
10.1
1.043
0.0444
48.0
88.8%
11.2%
Hyunda
All
All
2005
28.2
18.9
26.1
22.5
461
334
396
3417
144
152
10.0
1.065
0.0443
48.3
91.6%
CO
Hyunda
All
All
2006
28.7
19.1
27.0
22.9
460
325
388
3612
162
183
9.3
1.126
0.0501
51.9
96.8%
3.2%
Hyunda
All
All
2007
29.2
19.6
27.0
23.2
443
322
383
3647
160
183
9.5
1.144
0.0496
53.4
88.9%
11.1%
Hyunda
All
All
2008
30.9
20.6
28.4
24.4
420
307
364
3486
44.7
148
168
9.8
1.138
0.0477
53.9
90.4%
9.6%
Hyunda
All
All
2009
31.7
21.0
29.3
25.1
414
298
355
3520
45.1
151
179
9.3
1.178
0.0500
55.8
88.2%
7.0%
4.7%
Hyunda
All
All
2010
34.4
22.9
31.2
27.0
381
282
329
3343
45.1
140
167
9.5
1.183
0.0493
57.6
85.2%
7.5%
7.3%
Hyunda
All
All
2011
34.7
22.3
31.8
26.9
391
274
330
3495
47.0
147
197
8.4
1.351
0.0558
61.2
86.4%
8.1%
5.5%
Hyunda
All
All
2012
35.8
23.7
32.6
28.0
365
267
317
3384
46.2
138
189
8.5
1.375
0.0552
61.3
86.2%
7.4%
6.5%
Hyunda
All
All
2013
37.0
24.5
33.7
29.0
355
259
307
3313
46.2
129
184
8.5
1.424
0.0548
61.8
89.6%
5.6%
4.8%
Hyunda
All
All
2014
35.1
23.1
31.5
27.2
376
276
327
3390
46.2
133
186
8.5
1.410
0.0545
60.1
86.9%
10.1%
3.0%
Hyunda
All
All
2015
35.3
23.1
31.9
27.5
0
0
324
3480
47.2
140
191
8.5
1.369
0.0541
62.3
83.8%
10.6%
5.6%
Hyunda
All
All
2016
37.4
24.6
33.0
28.8
0
0
309
3376
46.3
126
174
CO
CO
1.393
0.0514
64.1
86.1%
11.7%
2.2%
Hyunda
All
All
2017
36.7
24.4
32.8
28.6
0
0
311
3458
46.5
132
176
8.9
1.346
0.0506
64.8
81.3%
17.5%
1.2%
Hyunda
All
All
2018
36.2
24.1
31.7
27.9
0
0
318
3546
46.9
134
181
CO
CO
1.351
0.0506
66.7
79.1%
19.6%
1.3%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
26.5
20.9
24.9
22.5
423
355
395
2346
83
58
0.699
0.0248
31.2
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
29.7
23.8
27.3
25.3
371
322
352
2366
88
61
0.696
0.0259
35.3
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
30.2
23.5
28.9
25.7
374
304
346
2353
90.0
97
65
0.674
0.0278
35.8
2737
3235
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
29.9
23.5
28.5
25.5
372
306
349
2376
89.6
97
67
15.4
0.691
0.0283
36.0
2709
3216
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
29.5
23.2
28.1
25.2
380
310
353
2404
93.0
97
67
17.0
0.691
0.0279
35.8
2761
3320
60.0%
40.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
28.1
21.7
27.6
24.0
402
317
370
2402
97.0
99
69
16.9
0.694
0.0286
34.2
2761
3310
66.0%
34.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
31.3
24.9
28.9
26.6
354
301
334
2400
98.0
107
70
16.4
0.658
0.0294
37.8
3083
3698
72.7%
27.3%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
31.7
25.2
29.4
26.9
351
298
330
2526
98.6
108
71
18.0
0.655
0.0280
40.1
3136
3957
73.6%
26.4%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
31.3
24.7
29.4
26.6
358
300
334
2557
98.8
108
73
16.4
0.675
0.0286
40.1
3098
3960
69.4%
30.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-105 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Hyunda
All
All
1983
Hyunda
All
All
1984
Hyunda
All
All
1985
Hyunda
All
All
1986
74.6%
25.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1987
63.3%
36.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1988
59.5%
40.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1989
47.1%
52.9%
84.0%
16.0%
84.0%
16.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1990
42.1%
6.0%
51.9%
100.0%
78.9%
21.1%
Hyunda
All
All
1991
39.1%
7.8%
53.2%
100.0%
81.5%
18.5%
Hyunda
All
All
1992
36.4%
8.4%
55.2%
100.0%
24.7%
85.3%
14.7%
Hyunda
All
All
1993
33.7%
7.0%
59.3%
100.0%
52.6%
85.4%
14.6%
Hyunda
All
All
1994
40.8%
1.1%
58.2%
100.0%
98.9%
98.2%
1.8%
Hyunda
All
All
1995
29.8%
70.2%
100.0%
89.9%
77.0%
23.0%
Hyunda
All
All
1996
28.6%
71.4%
100.0%
97.7%
88.5%
11.5%
Hyunda
All
All
1997
27.5%
72.5%
100.0%
94.8%
4.5%
82.7%
17.3%
Hyunda
All
All
1998
22.5%
77.5%
100.0%
96.4%
7.1%
81.8%
18.2%
Hyunda
All
All
1999
24.7%
75.3%
100.0%
100.0%
51.9%
81.1%
18.9%
Hyunda
All
All
2000
18.7%
81.3%
100.0%
100.0%
56.5%
79.9%
20.1%
Hyunda
All
All
2001
18.9%
81.1%
100.0%
100.0%
39.8%
Hyunda
All
All
2002
12.9%
87.1%
100.0%
100.0%
30.3%
Hyunda
All
All
2003
13.0%
87.0%
100.0%
100.0%
34.4%
Hyunda
All
All
2004
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
100.0%
26.2%
Hyunda
All
All
2005
9.1%
90.9%
100.0%
100.0%
32.1%
Hyunda
All
All
2006
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
100.0%
71.9%
Hyunda
All
All
2007
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
100.0%
31.6%
Hyunda
All
All
2008
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
100.0%
41.2%
Hyunda
All
All
2009
4.6%
95.4%
100.0%
100.0%
89.2%
Hyunda
All
All
2010
5.2%
94.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Hyunda
All
All
2011
2.2%
2.0%
95.8%
48.8%
51.2%
100.0%
100.0%
2.0%
Hyunda
All
All
2012
3.5%
3.5%
92.9%
50.9%
49.1%
100.0%
100.0%
3.5%
Hyunda
All
All
2013
3.4%
2.3%
94.3%
53.7%
46.3%
100.0%
100.0%
2.3%
Hyunda
All
All
2014
3.2%
2.1%
94.7%
76.1%
23.9%
100.0%
100.0%
2.1%
Hyunda
All
All
2015
1.5%
5.3%
93.2%
77.6%
22.4%
100.0%
100.0%
2.7%
Hyunda
All
All
2016
2.2%
13.8%
84.0%
76.2%
23.8%
100.0%
100.0%
3.0%
Hyunda
All
All
2017
0.8%
11.6%
87.7%
70.4%
29.5%
99.9%
99.9%
2.9%
Hyunda
All
All
2018
1.2%
10.9%
87.9%
77.0%
22.9%
99.9%
99.9%
4.3%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
91.3%
8.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
63.9%
36.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
82.5%
17.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
81.0%
19.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
84.2%
15.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
84.0%
16.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
86.6%
13.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
72.1%
27.9%
98.6%
1.4%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-106 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
31.1
24.6
29.2
26.5
359
300
336
2583
97.9
108
73
16.4
0.679
0.0285
40.4
3063
3954
66.7%
33.3%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
30.5
24.2
28.4
25.9
364
309
343
2632
106.3
109
86
14.7
0.791
0.0327
40.3
3251
4287
62.3%
37.7%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
30.1
23.9
27.8
25.5
370
317
348
2672
106.7
108
89
13.9
0.819
0.0332
40.4
3222
4300
61.0%
39.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
29.5
23.2
27.1
24.8
376
322
358
2727
108.7
107
90
14.3
0.842
0.0329
40.4
3226
4383
52.9%
47.1%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
31.4
24.7
28.5
26.3
351
304
338
2613
104.7
104
90
14.2
0.863
0.0342
41.2
3326
4317
57.7%
42.3%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
31.5
24.7
28.2
26.3
351
310
338
2621
102.4
102
88
14.0
0.865
0.0334
41.5
3262
4250
67.2%
32.8%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
28.0
21.2
26.4
23.4
413
334
379
3080
114.4
124
116
11.9
0.933
0.0376
43.1
3215
4943
46.5%
53.5%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
28.2
21.2
26.4
23.5
411
333
378
3079
113.0
123
115
12.2
0.932
0.0372
43.4
3203
4922
14.3%
85.7%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
28.1
20.9
26.3
23.3
420
335
382
3188
112.9
131
147
10.6
1.148
0.0463
44.7
3194
5057
45.1%
54.9%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
29.2
21.6
27.4
24.1
409
323
368
3037
109.6
122
117
10.9
0.957
0.0385
44.3
3202
4872
33.1%
66.9%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
28.2
20.5
26.6
23.2
428
332
383
3172
113.0
129
127
10.5
0.976
0.0398
44.7
3205
5077
45.0%
55.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
28.5
20.6
27.1
23.4
431
328
379
3193
115.5
132
132
11.0
1.000
0.0416
45.5
3289
5269
14.1%
85.9%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
27.4
19.7
25.9
22.5
449
342
395
3333
123.1
140
142
10.7
1.012
0.0426
45.7
3379
5647
0.2%
99.8%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
28.0
19.9
26.4
22.9
444
335
388
3325
122.8
143
152
10.2
1.060
0.0456
46.5
3439
5728
0.9%
99.1%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
27.8
19.9
25.7
22.6
446
344
393
3363
123.8
145
155
10.4
1.069
0.0461
46.8
3446
5806
0.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
27.6
19.5
25.6
22.4
454
346
397
3396
123.5
145
157
10.3
1.083
0.0463
46.9
3410
5803
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
28.0
19.8
25.5
22.5
449
348
394
3431
122.5
148
163
9.6
1.095
0.0475
48.0
3426
5893
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
27.7
19.4
25.3
22.3
457
351
399
3776
124.2
154
170
9.8
1.106
0.0453
52.3
3443
6525
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
27.2
18.9
25.0
21.8
470
356
407
3698
116.8
147
185
9.2
1.287
0.0504
50.4
3185
5922
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
27.3
18.7
25.1
21.8
475
353
407
3749
120.2
150
180
9.4
1.215
0.0483
51.1
3281
6178
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
26.9
18.3
24.9
21.5
484
356
413
3706
116.5
149
192
9.1
1.308
0.0521
50.1
3154
5882
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
27.3
18.5
25.0
21.7
477
353
409
3575
119.0
151
198
8.7
1.317
0.0553
49.1
3283
5865
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
28.0
18.9
25.5
22.2
467
348
401
3544
118.6
152
194
CO
CO
1.277
0.0547
49.8
3338
5913
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
28.4
19.3
25.7
22.5
460
345
396
3531
115.6
151
188
9.0
1.244
0.0532
50.2
3293
5812
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
28.7
19.4
26.1
22.7
456
340
391
3533
42.6
118.1
151
182
9.2
1.204
0.0514
50.8
3400
6002
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
28.9
19.6
26.1
22.8
453
340
389
3518
44.4
115.9
151
179
9.2
1.185
0.0507
50.8
3352
5893
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
30.2
20.5
27.2
23.8
432
325
373
3519
44.2
113.7
156
181
8.9
1.163
0.0514
53.5
3467
6097
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
30.2
20.4
27.1
23.7
433
326
375
3520
44.2
113.9
156
194
8.6
1.247
0.0550
53.7
3485
6130
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
35.2
23.5
31.0
27.2
372
283
326
3451
44.3
116.2
138
170
9.1
1.235
0.0493
61.8
4173
7185
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
35.7
23.7
31.2
27.5
368
280
323
3413
44.0
113.8
136
178
8.9
1.300
0.0522
62.0
4147
7090
91.5%
8.5%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
36.1
24.0
31.6
27.8
364
278
319
3462
44.1
115.0
136
172
9.1
1.268
0.0498
63.6
4234
7346
94.6%
5.4%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
37.0
24.4
32.5
28.5
357
269
312
3554
44.7
115.5
138
186
CO
CO
1.361
0.0524
67.1
4382
7806
96.2%
3.8%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
36.7
24.2
32.3
28.3
359
270
315
3571
44.7
115.6
138
189
8.7
1.390
0.0530
67.0
4360
7792
97.3%
2.7%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
36.6
24.3
32.9
28.6
357
265
311
3670
45.1
115.8
136
189
CO
CO
1.407
0.0520
68.8
4365
8029
96.9%
3.1%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
37.6
24.8
33.0
28.9
352
265
307
3675
45.1
116.5
135
179
9.1
1.332
0.0488
70.5
4493
8262
97.0%
3.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1975
26.5
20.9
24.9
22.5
423
355
395
2346
83
58
0.699
0.0248
31.2
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1976
29.7
23.8
27.3
25.3
371
322
352
2366
88
61
0.696
0.0259
35.3
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1977
30.2
23.5
28.9
25.7
374
304
346
2353
97
65
0.674
0.0278
35.8
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1978
29.9
23.5
28.5
25.5
372
306
349
2376
97
67
15.4
0.691
0.0283
36.0
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1979
29.5
23.2
28.1
25.2
380
310
353
2404
97
67
17.0
0.691
0.0279
35.8
60.0%
40.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1980
28.1
21.7
27.6
24.0
402
317
370
2402
99
69
16.9
0.694
0.0286
34.2
66.0%
34.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1981
31.3
24.9
28.9
26.6
354
301
334
2400
107
70
16.4
0.658
0.0294
37.8
72.7%
27.3%
Subaru
Car
All
1982
31.7
25.2
29.4
26.9
351
298
330
2526
108
71
18.0
0.655
0.0280
40.1
73.6%
26.4%
Subaru
Car
All
1983
31.3
24.7
29.4
26.6
358
300
334
2557
108
73
16.4
0.675
0.0286
40.1
69.4%
30.6%
Subaru
Car
All
1984
31.1
24.6
29.2
26.5
359
300
336
2583
108
73
16.4
0.679
0.0285
40.4
66.7%
33.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-107 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
67.1%
32.9%
96.6%
3.4%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
63.1%
10.8%
26.1%
74.3%
25.7%
91.0%
9.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
62.8%
11.8%
25.4%
55.3%
26.4%
18.2%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
55.7%
17.2%
27.0%
42.0%
20.8%
37.1%
5.8%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
61.1%
11.8%
27.0%
24.8%
19.7%
55.5%
20.5%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
40.5%
8.9%
37.3%
13.2%
27.8%
16.7%
55.5%
26.2%
79.9%
20.1%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
35.2%
4.0%
58.5%
2.3%
2.0%
74.7%
23.3%
74.9%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
32.6%
4.5%
59.3%
3.6%
2.7%
71.6%
25.7%
72.6%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
32.7%
5.6%
61.5%
0.2%
0.7%
81.4%
17.9%
65.2%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
32.0%
1.5%
65.9%
0.6%
85.7%
14.3%
85.7%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
35.7%
1.3%
63.0%
100.0%
41.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
100.0%
53.9%
46.1%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
28.1%
71.9%
100.0%
100.0%
31.8%
68.2%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
25.9%
74.1%
100.0%
100.0%
35.5%
64.5%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
25.2%
74.8%
100.0%
100.0%
31.8%
68.2%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
25.2%
74.8%
100.0%
100.0%
33.1%
66.9%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
100.0%
29.4%
70.6%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
18.8%
81.2%
100.0%
100.0%
22.2%
77.8%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
36.4%
63.6%
100.0%
100.0%
50.6%
49.4%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
25.6%
74.4%
100.0%
100.0%
37.3%
62.7%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
35.0%
65.0%
100.0%
100.0%
12.1%
50.5%
49.5%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
27.6%
72.4%
100.0%
100.0%
31.8%
43.2%
56.8%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
100.0%
33.3%
50.4%
49.6%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
100.0%
33.5%
55.1%
44.9%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
23.7%
76.3%
100.0%
100.0%
12.8%
57.3%
42.7%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
20.3%
79.7%
100.0%
100.0%
44.2%
65.4%
34.6%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
19.5%
40.9%
39.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
52.3%
47.7%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
24.6%
30.5%
44.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
49.2%
50.8%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
17.3%
2.4%
80.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
63.2%
36.8%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
23.8%
4.2%
72.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
69.1%
30.9%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
20.3%
2.1%
77.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
68.2%
31.8%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
22.3%
0.9%
76.8%
14.3%
85.7%
100.0%
100.0%
59.9%
40.1%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
23.2%
0.7%
76.1%
15.1%
84.9%
100.0%
100.0%
61.4%
38.6%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
23.5%
0.8%
75.7%
56.7%
43.3%
100.0%
100.0%
50.1%
49.9%
Subaru
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
18.7%
0.7%
80.6%
58.6%
41.4%
100.0%
100.0%
48.2%
51.8%
Subaru
Car
All
1975
91.3%
8.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1976
63.9%
36.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1977
82.5%
17.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1978
81.0%
19.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1979
84.2%
15.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1980
84.0%
16.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1981
86.6%
13.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1982
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1983
72.1%
27.9%
98.6%
1.4%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1984
67.1%
32.9%
96.6%
3.4%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-108 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Subaru
Car
All
1985
30.5
24.2
28.4
25.9
364
309
343
2632
109
86
14.7
0.791
0.0327
40.3
62.3%
37.7%
Subaru
Car
All
1986
30.1
23.9
27.8
25.5
370
317
348
2672
108
89
13.9
0.819
0.0332
40.4
61.0%
39.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1987
29.5
23.2
27.1
24.8
376
322
358
2727
107
90
14.3
0.842
0.0329
40.4
52.9%
47.1%
Subaru
Car
All
1988
31.4
24.7
28.5
26.3
351
304
338
2613
104
90
14.2
0.863
0.0342
41.2
57.7%
42.3%
Subaru
Car
All
1989
31.5
24.7
28.2
26.3
351
310
338
2621
102
88
14.0
0.865
0.0334
41.5
67.2%
32.8%
Subaru
Car
All
1990
28.0
21.2
26.4
23.4
413
334
379
3080
124
116
11.9
0.933
0.0376
43.1
46.5%
53.5%
Subaru
Car
All
1991
28.2
21.2
26.4
23.5
411
333
378
3079
123
115
12.2
0.932
0.0372
43.4
14.3%
85.7%
Subaru
Car
All
1992
28.1
20.9
26.3
23.3
420
335
382
3188
131
147
10.6
1.148
0.0463
44.7
45.1%
54.9%
Subaru
Car
All
1993
29.2
21.6
27.4
24.1
409
323
368
3037
122
117
10.9
0.957
0.0385
44.3
33.1%
66.9%
Subaru
Car
All
1994
28.2
20.5
26.6
23.2
428
332
383
3172
129
127
10.5
0.976
0.0398
44.7
45.0%
55.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1995
28.5
20.6
27.1
23.4
431
328
379
3193
132
132
11.0
1.000
0.0416
45.5
14.1%
85.9%
Subaru
Car
All
1996
27.4
19.7
25.9
22.5
449
342
395
3333
140
142
10.7
1.012
0.0426
45.7
0.2%
99.8%
Subaru
Car
All
1997
28.0
19.9
26.4
22.9
444
335
388
3325
143
152
10.2
1.060
0.0456
46.5
0.9%
99.1%
Subaru
Car
All
1998
27.8
19.9
25.7
22.6
446
344
393
3363
145
155
10.4
1.069
0.0461
46.8
0.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1999
27.6
19.5
25.6
22.4
454
346
397
3396
145
157
10.3
1.083
0.0463
46.9
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2000
28.0
19.8
25.5
22.5
449
348
394
3431
148
163
9.6
1.095
0.0475
48.0
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2001
27.7
19.4
25.3
22.3
457
351
399
3776
154
170
9.8
1.106
0.0453
52.3
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2002
27.2
18.9
25.0
21.8
470
356
407
3698
147
185
9.2
1.287
0.0504
50.4
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2003
27.3
18.7
25.1
21.8
475
353
407
3749
150
180
9.4
1.215
0.0483
51.1
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2004
26.9
18.3
24.9
21.5
484
356
413
3706
149
192
9.1
1.308
0.0521
50.1
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2005
27.3
18.5
25.0
21.7
477
353
409
3575
151
198
8.7
1.317
0.0553
49.1
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2006
28.0
18.9
25.5
22.2
467
348
401
3544
152
194
CO
CO
1.277
0.0547
49.8
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2007
28.4
19.3
25.7
22.5
460
345
396
3531
151
188
9.0
1.244
0.0532
50.2
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2008
28.7
19.4
26.1
22.7
456
340
391
3533
42.6
151
182
9.2
1.204
0.0514
50.8
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2009
28.9
19.6
26.1
22.8
453
340
389
3518
44.4
151
179
9.2
1.185
0.0507
50.8
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2010
30.2
20.5
27.2
23.8
432
325
373
3519
44.2
156
181
8.9
1.163
0.0514
53.5
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2011
30.2
20.4
27.1
23.7
433
326
375
3520
44.2
156
194
8.6
1.247
0.0550
53.7
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2012
35.2
23.5
31.0
27.2
372
283
326
3451
44.3
138
170
9.1
1.235
0.0493
61.8
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
2013
35.7
23.7
31.2
27.5
368
280
323
3413
44.0
136
178
8.9
1.300
0.0522
62.0
91.5%
8.5%
Subaru
Car
All
2014
36.1
24.0
31.6
27.8
364
278
319
3462
44.1
136
172
9.1
1.268
0.0498
63.6
94.6%
5.4%
Subaru
Car
All
2015
37.0
24.4
32.5
28.5
357
269
312
3554
44.7
138
186
CO
CO
1.361
0.0524
67.1
96.2%
3.8%
Subaru
Car
All
2016
36.7
24.2
32.3
28.3
359
270
315
3571
44.7
138
189
8.7
1.390
0.0530
67.0
97.3%
2.7%
Subaru
Car
All
2017
36.6
24.3
32.9
28.6
357
265
311
3670
45.1
136
189
CO
CO
1.407
0.0520
68.8
96.9%
3.1%
Subaru
Car
All
2018
37.6
24.8
33.0
28.9
352
265
307
3675
45.1
135
179
9.1
1.332
0.0488
70.5
97.0%
3.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-109 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Subaru
Car
All
1985
63.1%
10.8%
26.1%
74.3%
25.7%
91.0%
9.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1986
62.8%
11.8%
25.4%
55.3%
26.4%
18.2%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1987
55.7%
17.2%
27.0%
42.0%
20.8%
37.1%
5.8%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1988
61.1%
11.8%
27.0%
24.8%
19.7%
55.5%
20.5%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1989
40.5%
8.9%
37.3%
13.2%
27.8%
16.7%
55.5%
26.2%
79.9%
20.1%
Subaru
Car
All
1990
35.2%
4.0%
58.5%
2.3%
2.0%
74.7%
23.3%
74.9%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1991
32.6%
4.5%
59.3%
3.6%
2.7%
71.6%
25.7%
72.6%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1992
32.7%
5.6%
61.5%
0.2%
0.7%
81.4%
17.9%
65.2%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1993
32.0%
1.5%
65.9%
0.6%
85.7%
14.3%
85.7%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1994
35.7%
1.3%
63.0%
100.0%
41.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Car
All
1995
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
100.0%
53.9%
46.1%
Subaru
Car
All
1996
28.1%
71.9%
100.0%
100.0%
31.8%
68.2%
Subaru
Car
All
1997
25.9%
74.1%
100.0%
100.0%
35.5%
64.5%
Subaru
Car
All
1998
25.2%
74.8%
100.0%
100.0%
31.8%
68.2%
Subaru
Car
All
1999
25.2%
74.8%
100.0%
100.0%
33.1%
66.9%
Subaru
Car
All
2000
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
100.0%
29.4%
70.6%
Subaru
Car
All
2001
18.8%
81.2%
100.0%
100.0%
22.2%
77.8%
Subaru
Car
All
2002
36.4%
63.6%
100.0%
100.0%
50.6%
49.4%
Subaru
Car
All
2003
25.6%
74.4%
100.0%
100.0%
37.3%
62.7%
Subaru
Car
All
2004
35.0%
65.0%
100.0%
100.0%
12.1%
50.5%
49.5%
Subaru
Car
All
2005
27.6%
72.4%
100.0%
100.0%
31.8%
43.2%
56.8%
Subaru
Car
All
2006
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
100.0%
33.3%
50.4%
49.6%
Subaru
Car
All
2007
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
100.0%
33.5%
55.1%
44.9%
Subaru
Car
All
2008
23.7%
76.3%
100.0%
100.0%
12.8%
57.3%
42.7%
Subaru
Car
All
2009
20.3%
79.7%
100.0%
100.0%
44.2%
65.4%
34.6%
Subaru
Car
All
2010
19.5%
40.9%
39.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
52.3%
47.7%
Subaru
Car
All
2011
24.6%
30.5%
44.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
49.2%
50.8%
Subaru
Car
All
2012
17.3%
2.4%
80.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
63.2%
36.8%
Subaru
Car
All
2013
23.8%
4.2%
72.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
69.1%
30.9%
Subaru
Car
All
2014
20.3%
2.1%
77.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
68.2%
31.8%
Subaru
Car
All
2015
22.3%
0.9%
76.8%
14.3%
85.7%
100.0%
100.0%
59.9%
40.1%
Subaru
Car
All
2016
23.2%
0.7%
76.1%
15.1%
84.9%
100.0%
100.0%
61.4%
38.6%
Subaru
Car
All
2017
23.5%
0.8%
75.7%
56.7%
43.3%
100.0%
100.0%
50.1%
49.9%
Subaru
Car
All
2018
18.7%
0.7%
80.6%
58.6%
41.4%
100.0%
100.0%
48.2%
51.8%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-110 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
26.8
19.2
24.7
21.8
462
360
408
3500
150
165
10.5
1.100
0.0471
46.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
27.0
19.3
24.5
21.8
459
362
407
3500
150
165
10.5
1.100
0.0471
47.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
27.8
19.7
25.4
22.4
451
350
397
3500
150
165
10.0
1.100
0.0471
48.7
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
27.9
19.7
25.0
22.3
451
355
398
3500
150
165
9.9
1.100
0.0471
48.8
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
28.0
19.5
25.2
22.3
455
353
398
3500
150
165
10.1
1.100
0.0471
48.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
27.5
19.1
24.7
21.9
464
360
406
3500
150
165
10.0
1.100
0.0471
48.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
27.1
18.7
24.5
21.6
475
361
412
3500
150
173
9.8
1.153
0.0494
47.7
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
28.6
19.5
25.6
22.6
455
346
394
3500
150
170
9.8
1.134
0.0486
50.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
26.4
18.1
23.7
20.9
484
372
425
3856
162
203
9.3
1.243
0.0522
50.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
27.3
18.7
24.4
21.6
471
362
412
3708
157
191
9.5
1.213
0.0514
50.6
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
26.4
18.1
23.7
20.9
486
372
425
3882
42.9
178
206
9.3
1.161
0.0526
51.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
28.4
19.4
25.3
22.4
456
350
397
3571
43.4
155
179
9.6
1.152
0.0499
50.7
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
29.6
20.1
26.4
23.3
440
335
382
3694
44.1
157
176
9.8
1.123
0.0477
54.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
30.4
20.6
26.9
23.8
429
330
374
3815
44.8
160
181
9.7
1.128
0.0475
58.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
30.5
20.7
26.9
23.8
428
330
373
3800
44.7
159
179
9.8
1.123
0.0472
58.1
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
33.3
22.6
28.8
25.8
390
306
345
3778
44.6
150
171
9.9
1.145
0.0453
63.6
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
35.4
23.9
30.3
27.2
370
292
327
3684
44.4
146
171
9.6
1.180
0.0465
65.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
36.4
24.4
31.2
27.9
363
284
319
3684
44.7
149
174
9.6
1.172
0.0472
67.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
36.5
24.5
31.4
28.0
361
283
318
3699
44.8
148
172
9.7
1.170
0.0465
67.7
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
36.7
24.8
32.1
28.5
356
276
312
3744
45.0
152
177
9.5
1.172
0.0474
69.0
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
36.8
24.8
31.4
28.2
356
282
315
3738
45.0
152
177
9.5
1.175
0.0474
69.1
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1975
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1976
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1977
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1978
27.2
21.2
26.3
23.2
417
337
383
2500
97
67
16.0
0.691
0.0268
34.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1979
27.5
21.7
26.1
23.5
410
340
379
2500
97
67
18.3
0.691
0.0268
34.5
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1980
26.0
20.1
25.5
22.2
443
348
400
2500
97
67
18.7
0.691
0.0268
32.5
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1981
28.4
22.8
26.0
24.1
390
342
369
2500
109
71
17.7
0.651
0.0284
35.5
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1982
29.8
24.1
27.0
25.3
368
329
351
2500
109
74
18.3
0.683
0.0298
37.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1983
29.5
23.6
27.2
25.1
376
324
355
2513
109
74
17.2
0.680
0.0295
37.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1984
29.7
23.6
27.7
25.3
376
319
352
2514
109
74
17.0
0.681
0.0295
37.4
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1985
29.6
23.5
27.4
25.2
377
323
353
2500
109
73
16.7
0.670
0.0292
37.0
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1986
30.0
23.6
27.9
25.4
376
318
350
2500
109
73
15.9
0.670
0.0292
37.5
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-l 11 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
24.8%
75.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
23.3%
76.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
23.7%
76.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.1%
79.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
17.8%
82.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
17.2%
82.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
17.0%
83.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
8.6%
91.4%
100.0%
100.0%
39.4%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
11.2%
88.8%
100.0%
100.0%
24.8%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
7.9%
92.1%
100.0%
100.0%
40.7%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
100.0%
11.8%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
7.6%
60.1%
32.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
4.7%
44.5%
50.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
4.6%
46.6%
48.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
5.4%
25.0%
69.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
4.0%
2.7%
93.3%
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
2.6%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
2.7%
97.3%
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.9%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
2.9%
97.1%
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
100.0%
0.7%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
2.3%
97.7%
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
3.2%
96.8%
21.1%
78.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1975
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1976
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1977
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1978
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1979
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1980
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1981
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1982
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1983
75.4%
24.6%
94.8%
5.2%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1984
82.1%
17.9%
94.2%
5.8%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1985
95.6%
4.4%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1986
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-112 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1987
29.8
23.4
27.5
25.1
380
323
354
2500
109
73
16.1
0.670
0.0292
37.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1988
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1989
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1990
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1991
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1992
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1993
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1994
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1995
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1996
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1997
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1998
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1999
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2000
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2001
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2002
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2003
26.3
18.3
23.8
21.0
485
373
423
3859
150
165
10.5
1.100
0.0429
50.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2004
25.4
17.4
23.3
20.3
506
379
437
4000
150
187
10.1
1.247
0.0468
51.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2005
25.8
17.6
23.5
20.5
502
376
433
4000
150
184
10.1
1.229
0.0461
52.0
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2006
26.9
18.3
24.3
21.3
483
363
417
3921
150
178
10.1
1.187
0.0455
52.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2007
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2008
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2009
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2010
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2011
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2012
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2013
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2014
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2015
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2016
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2017
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2018
Subaru
Truck
All
1975
Subaru
Truck
All
1976
Subaru
Truck
All
1977
Subaru
Truck
All
1978
27.2
21.2
26.3
23.2
417
337
383
2500
97
67
16.0
0.691
0.0268
34.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1979
27.5
21.7
26.1
23.5
410
340
379
2500
97
67
18.3
0.691
0.0268
34.5
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1980
26.0
20.1
25.5
22.2
443
348
400
2500
97
67
18.7
0.691
0.0268
32.5
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1981
28.4
22.8
26.0
24.1
390
342
369
2500
109
71
17.7
0.651
0.0284
35.5
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1982
29.8
24.1
27.0
25.3
368
329
351
2500
109
74
18.3
0.683
0.0298
37.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1983
29.5
23.6
27.2
25.1
376
324
355
2513
109
74
17.2
0.680
0.0295
37.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1984
29.7
23.6
27.7
25.3
376
319
352
2514
109
74
17.0
0.681
0.0295
37.4
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1985
29.6
23.5
27.4
25.2
377
323
353
2500
109
73
16.7
0.670
0.0292
37.0
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1986
30.0
23.6
27.9
25.4
376
318
350
2500
109
73
15.9
0.670
0.0292
37.5
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1987
29.8
23.4
27.5
25.1
380
323
354
2500
109
73
16.1
0.670
0.0292
37.2
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-113 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1987
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1988
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1989
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1990
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1991
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1992
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1993
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1994
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1995
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1996
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1997
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1998
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
1999
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2000
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2001
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2002
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2003
28.3%
71.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2004
21.6%
78.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2005
20.6%
79.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2006
21.4%
78.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2007
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2008
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2009
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2010
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2011
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2012
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2013
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2014
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2015
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2016
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2017
Subaru
Truck
Pickup
2018
Subaru
Truck
All
1975
Subaru
Truck
All
1976
Subaru
Truck
All
1977
Subaru
Truck
All
1978
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1979
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1980
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1981
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1982
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1983
75.4%
24.6%
94.8%
5.2%
Subaru
Truck
All
1984
82.1%
17.9%
94.2%
5.8%
Subaru
Truck
All
1985
95.6%
4.4%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1986
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1987
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-114 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Subaru
Truck
All
1988
Subaru
Truck
All
1989
Subaru
Truck
All
1990
Subaru
Truck
All
1991
Subaru
Truck
All
1992
Subaru
Truck
All
1993
Subaru
Truck
All
1994
Subaru
Truck
All
1995
Subaru
Truck
All
1996
Subaru
Truck
All
1997
Subaru
Truck
All
1998
26.8
19.2
24.7
21.8
462
360
408
3500
150
165
10.5
1.100
0.0471
46.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1999
27.0
19.3
24.5
21.8
459
362
407
3500
150
165
10.5
1.100
0.0471
47.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2000
27.8
19.7
25.4
22.4
451
350
397
3500
150
165
10.0
1.100
0.0471
48.7
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2001
27.9
19.7
25.0
22.3
451
355
398
3500
150
165
9.9
1.100
0.0471
48.8
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2002
28.0
19.5
25.2
22.3
455
353
398
3500
150
165
10.1
1.100
0.0471
48.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2003
27.3
19.0
24.5
21.7
468
362
409
3567
150
165
10.1
1.100
0.0464
48.7
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2004
27.1
18.6
24.5
21.5
476
362
413
3517
150
173
9.8
1.156
0.0493
47.8
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2005
28.2
19.2
25.3
22.3
461
350
399
3570
150
172
9.8
1.147
0.0482
50.4
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2006
26.5
18.2
23.7
21.0
484
371
424
3861
161
201
9.4
1.239
0.0517
51.1
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2007
27.3
18.7
24.4
21.6
471
362
412
3708
157
191
9.5
1.213
0.0514
50.6
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2008
26.4
18.1
23.7
20.9
486
372
425
3882
42.9
178
206
9.3
1.161
0.0526
51.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2009
28.4
19.4
25.3
22.4
456
350
397
3571
43.4
155
179
9.6
1.152
0.0499
50.7
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2010
29.6
20.1
26.4
23.3
440
335
382
3694
44.1
157
176
9.8
1.123
0.0477
54.9
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2011
30.4
20.6
26.9
23.8
429
330
374
3815
44.8
160
181
9.7
1.128
0.0475
58.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2012
30.5
20.7
26.9
23.8
428
330
373
3800
44.7
159
179
9.8
1.123
0.0472
58.1
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2013
33.3
22.6
28.8
25.8
390
306
345
3778
44.6
150
171
9.9
1.145
0.0453
63.6
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2014
35.4
23.9
30.3
27.2
370
292
327
3684
44.4
146
171
9.6
1.180
0.0465
65.3
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2015
36.4
24.4
31.2
27.9
363
284
319
3684
44.7
149
174
9.6
1.172
0.0472
67.2
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2016
36.5
24.5
31.4
28.0
361
283
318
3699
44.8
148
172
9.7
1.170
0.0465
67.7
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2017
36.7
24.8
32.1
28.5
356
276
312
3744
45.0
152
177
9.5
1.172
0.0474
69.0
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2018
36.8
24.8
31.4
28.2
356
282
315
3738
45.0
152
177
9.5
1.175
0.0474
69.1
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1975
26.5
20.9
24.9
22.5
423
355
395
2346
83
58
0.699
0.0248
31.2
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1976
29.7
23.8
27.3
25.3
371
322
352
2366
88
61
0.696
0.0259
35.3
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1977
30.2
23.5
28.9
25.7
374
304
346
2353
97
65
0.674
0.0278
35.8
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1978
29.3
23.0
28.0
25.0
380
311
355
2401
97
67
15.5
0.691
0.0280
35.7
80.1%
19.9%
Subaru
All
All
1979
28.9
22.7
27.5
24.6
388
318
361
2432
97
67
17.4
0.691
0.0276
35.4
42.4%
57.6%
Subaru
All
All
1980
27.9
21.5
27.3
23.8
406
320
373
2412
99
68
17.1
0.693
0.0284
34.0
59.4%
40.6%
Subaru
All
All
1981
30.9
24.7
28.6
26.3
357
305
338
2410
107
70
16.5
0.657
0.0293
37.5
65.1%
34.9%
Subaru
All
All
1982
31.6
25.1
29.3
26.8
352
299
331
2525
108
71
18.0
0.657
0.0281
40.0
70.2%
29.8%
Subaru
All
All
1983
31.2
24.7
29.3
26.6
359
300
335
2556
108
73
16.4
0.675
0.0287
40.0
67.1%
32.9%
Subaru
All
All
1984
31.1
24.6
29.2
26.4
359
300
336
2581
108
73
16.4
0.679
0.0285
40.3
64.6%
35.4%
Subaru
All
All
1985
30.5
24.2
28.4
25.9
365
310
343
2629
109
86
14.7
0.788
0.0326
40.2
60.8%
39.2%
Subaru
All
All
1986
30.1
23.8
27.8
25.5
370
317
348
2668
108
88
14.0
0.816
0.0331
40.3
59.7%
40.3%
Subaru
All
All
1987
29.5
23.2
27.1
24.8
376
322
358
2726
107
90
14.4
0.841
0.0329
40.4
52.6%
47.4%
Subaru
All
All
1988
31.4
24.7
28.5
26.3
351
304
338
2613
104
90
14.2
0.863
0.0342
41.2
57.7%
42.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-115 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Subaru
Truck
All
1988
Subaru
Truck
All
1989
Subaru
Truck
All
1990
Subaru
Truck
All
1991
Subaru
Truck
All
1992
Subaru
Truck
All
1993
Subaru
Truck
All
1994
Subaru
Truck
All
1995
Subaru
Truck
All
1996
Subaru
Truck
All
1997
Subaru
Truck
All
1998
24.8%
75.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
1999
23.3%
76.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2000
23.7%
76.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2001
20.1%
79.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2002
17.8%
82.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2003
18.8%
81.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2004
17.3%
82.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2005
17.5%
82.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2006
9.6%
90.4%
100.0%
100.0%
36.2%
Subaru
Truck
All
2007
11.2%
88.8%
100.0%
100.0%
24.8%
Subaru
Truck
All
2008
7.9%
92.1%
100.0%
100.0%
40.7%
Subaru
Truck
All
2009
9.3%
90.7%
100.0%
100.0%
11.8%
Subaru
Truck
All
2010
7.6%
60.1%
32.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2011
4.7%
44.5%
50.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2012
4.6%
46.6%
48.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2013
5.4%
25.0%
69.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2014
4.0%
2.7%
93.3%
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
2.6%
Subaru
Truck
All
2015
2.7%
97.3%
2.8%
97.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.9%
Subaru
Truck
All
2016
2.9%
97.1%
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
100.0%
0.7%
Subaru
Truck
All
2017
2.3%
97.7%
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
Truck
All
2018
3.2%
96.8%
21.1%
78.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1975
91.3%
8.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1976
63.9%
36.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1977
82.5%
17.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1978
84.7%
15.3%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1979
88.9%
11.1%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1980
85.6%
14.4%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1981
88.0%
12.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1982
82.1%
17.9%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1983
72.2%
27.8%
98.4%
1.4%
0.2%
Subaru
All
All
1984
67.5%
32.5%
96.5%
3.5%
Subaru
All
All
1985
63.9%
10.6%
25.5%
74.9%
25.1%
Subaru
All
All
1986
63.6%
11.6%
24.8%
56.3%
25.9%
17.8%
Subaru
All
All
1987
56.0%
17.1%
26.9%
42.3%
20.7%
36.9%
Subaru
All
All
1988
61.1%
11.8%
27.0%
24.8%
19.7%
55.5%
20.5%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-116 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Subaru
All
All
1989
31.5
24.7
28.2
26.3
351
310
338
2621
102
88
14.0
0.865
0.0334
41.5
67.2%
32.8%
Subaru
All
All
1990
28.0
21.2
26.4
23.4
413
334
379
3080
124
116
11.9
0.933
0.0376
43.1
46.5%
53.5%
Subaru
All
All
1991
28.2
21.2
26.4
23.5
411
333
378
3079
123
115
12.2
0.932
0.0372
43.4
14.3%
85.7%
Subaru
All
All
1992
28.1
20.9
26.3
23.3
420
335
382
3188
131
147
10.6
1.148
0.0463
44.7
45.1%
54.9%
Subaru
All
All
1993
29.2
21.6
27.4
24.1
409
323
368
3037
122
117
10.9
0.957
0.0385
44.3
33.1%
66.9%
Subaru
All
All
1994
28.2
20.5
26.6
23.2
428
332
383
3172
129
127
10.5
0.976
0.0398
44.7
45.0%
55.0%
Subaru
All
All
1995
28.5
20.6
27.1
23.4
431
328
379
3193
132
132
11.0
1.000
0.0416
45.5
14.1%
85.9%
Subaru
All
All
1996
27.4
19.7
25.9
22.5
449
342
395
3333
140
142
10.7
1.012
0.0426
45.7
0.2%
99.8%
Subaru
All
All
1997
28.0
19.9
26.4
22.9
444
335
388
3325
143
152
10.2
1.060
0.0456
46.5
0.9%
99.1%
Subaru
All
All
1998
27.5
19.7
25.4
22.4
450
348
397
3401
146
158
10.4
1.078
0.0464
46.8
0.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1999
27.4
19.5
25.3
22.2
456
350
400
3427
146
159
10.3
1.088
0.0465
47.0
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2000
28.0
19.8
25.5
22.5
450
348
395
3445
149
163
9.7
1.096
0.0474
48.1
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2001
27.8
19.5
25.2
22.3
455
352
399
3674
152
168
9.8
1.104
0.0460
51.0
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2002
27.4
19.1
25.0
22.0
465
355
405
3644
148
180
9.4
1.236
0.0495
50.0
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2003
27.3
18.8
24.9
21.8
472
357
408
3671
150
174
9.7
1.166
0.0475
50.1
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2004
27.0
18.4
24.7
21.5
481
358
413
3632
149
184
9.4
1.249
0.0510
49.2
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2005
27.6
18.7
25.1
21.9
472
352
406
3573
151
191
9.0
1.270
0.0533
49.5
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2006
27.3
18.6
24.7
21.6
474
357
411
3680
156
197
9.0
1.260
0.0534
50.3
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2007
28.0
19.1
25.2
22.1
464
351
402
3595
153
189
9.2
1.233
0.0525
50.3
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2008
28.1
19.1
25.4
22.3
463
348
399
3620
42.6
158
188
9.3
1.193
0.0517
50.9
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2009
28.7
19.5
25.7
22.6
454
345
393
3543
43.9
153
179
9.4
1.169
0.0503
50.8
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2010
29.7
20.2
26.6
23.4
438
332
379
3645
44.1
156
177
9.6
1.134
0.0488
54.5
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2011
30.4
20.5
26.9
23.8
430
328
374
3719
44.6
159
185
9.4
1.167
0.0500
56.8
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2012
32.2
21.7
28.3
25.0
404
310
355
3663
44.5
151
176
9.5
1.167
0.0480
59.6
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2013
34.2
23.0
29.8
26.5
381
295
336
3629
44.4
144
174
9.5
1.208
0.0481
62.9
96.5%
3.5%
Subaru
All
All
2014
35.5
23.9
30.6
27.3
369
289
325
3632
44.3
144
172
9.5
1.201
0.0473
64.9
98.7%
1.3%
Subaru
All
All
2015
36.5
24.4
31.6
28.1
361
280
317
3648
44.7
146
177
9.3
1.225
0.0486
67.2
98.9%
1.1%
Subaru
All
All
2016
36.6
24.4
31.6
28.1
361
279
317
3663
44.7
145
177
9.4
1.231
0.0483
67.5
99.3%
0.7%
Subaru
All
All
2017
36.7
24.7
32.3
28.5
357
273
312
3724
45.0
148
181
9.3
1.235
0.0486
68.9
99.2%
0.8%
Subaru
All
All
2018
37.0
24.8
31.8
28.4
355
277
313
3721
45.0
147
178
9.4
1.218
0.0477
69.5
99.2%
0.8%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
26.5
20.0
26.9
22.6
441
327
393
2371
95
69
0.726
0.0290
31.5
73.7%
26.3%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
27.5
21.4
26.6
23.4
412
330
379
2343
100
75
0.742
0.0317
32.3
79.9%
20.1%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
28.8
22.0
28.8
24.6
395
306
364
2358
93.0
99
74
0.746
0.0315
34.7
2790
3251
89.2%
10.8%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
27.2
20.9
26.8
23.2
413
324
388
2410
93.4
98
76
14.8
0.765
0.0310
33.9
2681
3168
90.2%
9.8%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
28.6
22.0
28.1
24.4
392
311
373
2389
92.7
98
73
16.7
0.735
0.0301
35.8
2840
3329
90.4%
9.6%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
31.2
24.0
30.7
26.6
365
292
347
2385
89.8
99
70
17.4
0.697
0.0292
39.2
2992
3530
96.0%
4.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
34.2
26.4
33.6
29.2
338
268
320
2403
90.0
106
69
17.2
0.642
0.0284
43.4
3293
3898
97.4%
2.6%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
32.8
25.7
31.4
28.0
337
279
326
2478
92.7
109
75
17.7
0.678
0.0299
42.9
3252
3971
95.4%
4.6%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
30.0
23.3
29.1
25.6
368
301
352
2526
92.1
118
91
14.4
0.756
0.0354
39.2
2923
3624
86.5%
0.4%
13.2%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
28.4
22.1
27.4
24.2
386
316
370
2631
96.3
119
93
14.4
0.769
0.0350
38.6
2863
3700
90.2%
1.1%
8.6%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
29.5
22.9
28.5
25.1
377
303
356
2684
101.9
121
99
13.7
0.806
0.0363
40.7
3140
4151
91.0%
1.5%
7.5%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
29.0
22.3
28.0
24.6
387
310
363
2689
101.0
121
105
12.7
0.855
0.0386
39.8
3034
4018
87.7%
3.0%
9.3%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
28.3
21.9
26.9
24.0
395
320
371
2732
98.3
121
110
12.6
0.893
0.0398
39.1
2870
3846
84.8%
3.8%
11.4%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
29.7
22.7
28.2
25.0
386
311
356
2692
95.8
118
106
12.9
0.882
0.0387
40.2
2889
3865
89.3%
3.1%
7.6%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
29.3
22.2
28.0
24.6
392
311
361
2754
96.9
119
108
12.5
0.894
0.0387
40.9
2926
3996
91.8%
1.7%
6.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-117 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Subaru
All
All
1989
40.5%
8.9%
37.3%
13.2%
27.8%
16.7%
55.5%
26.2%
79.9%
20.1%
Subaru
All
All
1990
35.2%
4.0%
58.5%
2.3%
2.0%
74.7%
23.3%
74.9%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1991
32.6%
4.5%
59.3%
3.6%
2.7%
71.6%
25.7%
72.6%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1992
32.7%
5.6%
61.5%
0.2%
0.7%
81.4%
17.9%
65.2%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1993
32.0%
1.5%
65.9%
0.6%
85.7%
14.3%
85.7%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1994
35.7%
1.3%
63.0%
100.0%
41.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1995
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
100.0%
53.9%
46.1%
Subaru
All
All
1996
28.1%
71.9%
100.0%
100.0%
31.8%
68.2%
Subaru
All
All
1997
25.9%
74.1%
100.0%
100.0%
35.5%
64.5%
Subaru
All
All
1998
25.1%
74.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
1999
24.6%
75.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2000
24.6%
75.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2001
19.3%
80.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2002
31.3%
68.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2003
22.7%
77.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2004
28.0%
72.0%
100.0%
100.0%
7.3%
Subaru
All
All
2005
24.8%
75.2%
100.0%
100.0%
23.0%
Subaru
All
All
2006
20.0%
80.0%
100.0%
100.0%
34.6%
Subaru
All
All
2007
21.8%
78.2%
100.0%
100.0%
30.3%
Subaru
All
All
2008
19.8%
80.2%
100.0%
100.0%
19.7%
Subaru
All
All
2009
15.1%
84.9%
100.0%
100.0%
28.8%
Subaru
All
All
2010
11.0%
54.7%
34.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2011
11.2%
40.0%
48.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2012
9.6%
29.2%
61.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2013
12.9%
16.5%
70.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2014
7.8%
2.6%
89.6%
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
100.0%
2.0%
Subaru
All
All
2015
8.2%
0.3%
91.5%
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
100.0%
0.6%
Subaru
All
All
2016
8.5%
0.2%
91.3%
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
100.0%
0.5%
Subaru
All
All
2017
8.0%
0.2%
91.8%
17.3%
82.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Subaru
All
All
2018
7.4%
0.2%
92.4%
31.3%
68.7%
100.0%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
72.4%
24.7%
2.9%
54.5%
45.5%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
71.9%
28.1%
61.6%
38.4%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
80.7%
19.3%
27.8%
65.3%
6.8%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
73.7%
26.3%
1.0%
86.5%
12.5%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
79.2%
20.8%
0.0%
77.7%
22.2%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
84.0%
16.0%
3.6%
60.2%
36.2%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
85.1%
14.9%
52.8%
47.2%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
78.0%
22.0%
3.0%
69.0%
28.0%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
77.6%
22.4%
4.1%
83.0%
12.9%
100.0%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
66.1%
33.9%
3.8%
85.9%
10.3%
78.7%
21.3%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
64.5%
35.5%
91.1%
8.9%
81.8%
18.2%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
65.2%
34.8%
94.9%
5.1%
4.4%
83.3%
16.7%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
69.4%
30.6%
100.0%
CO
89.8%
10.2%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
76.5%
23.5%
100.0%
7.7%
96.3%
3.7%
VW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
71.7%
28.3%
97.5%
0.1%
2.4%
7.7%
92.0%
8.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-118 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
28.3
21.2
27.3
23.7
411
320
375
2929
99.6
122
119
11.4
0.966
0.0399
41.7
2886
4177
92.9%
2.2%
4.8%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
28.9
21.3
28.2
24.2
408
311
369
2943
101.6
121
115
12.0
0.929
0.0382
43.1
3031
4403
92.1%
2.5%
5.4%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
28.7
20.9
28.1
23.9
418
314
372
2976
102.6
125
120
11.3
0.948
0.0397
42.9
2992
4413
94.4%
2.0%
3.5%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
26.5
19.1
26.3
22.1
455
331
402
3131
99.1
146
141
9.7
0.946
0.0438
41.6
2666
4132
83.1%
12.2%
4.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
27.7
19.9
27.1
23.0
440
325
387
3104
101.9
134
133
9.8
0.980
0.0424
43.2
2870
4415
85.5%
10.6%
3.8%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
28.2
20.1
27.2
23.2
434
323
383
3125
101.3
138
138
9.8
0.988
0.0438
44.2
2902
4489
89.2%
5.3%
5.5%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
27.8
19.6
27.1
22.9
447
325
389
3160
102.6
138
137
10.4
0.977
0.0429
44.6
2925
4605
86.1%
11.2%
2.7%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
28.1
19.8
27.1
23.0
443
324
386
3151
100.4
138
140
10.2
1.008
0.0441
44.9
2889
4532
80.5%
13.8%
5.7%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
28.4
19.8
27.6
23.2
441
320
384
3206
101.1
134
142
10.5
1.056
0.0438
46.4
2954
4718
77.5%
18.3%
4.2%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
27.9
19.3
27.1
22.8
453
326
391
3256
101.6
134
148
10.3
1.099
0.0450
46.0
2893
4702
78.2%
15.1%
6.7%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
28.2
19.5
26.8
22.9
446
329
390
3252
101.5
135
153
9.6
1.123
0.0463
46.7
2940
4757
80.5%
14.6%
4.9%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
27.8
19.1
26.4
22.5
457
333
397
3327
100.9
136
163
9.2
1.207
0.0485
47.0
2878
4754
72.9%
23.1%
4.0%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
28.7
19.5
27.2
23.1
449
325
387
3394
102.8
132
165
9.5
1.263
0.0482
49.7
3038
5133
76.4%
19.8%
3.9%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
29.1
19.7
27.3
23.3
445
323
384
3442
103.7
131
166
9.5
1.269
0.0476
51.0
3103
5309
79.6%
17.4%
2.9%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
28.2
18.9
26.6
22.6
462
331
396
3534
103.0
137
177
9.2
1.291
0.0493
50.7
2998
5255
69.3%
28.0%
2.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
28.4
18.8
26.9
22.7
466
329
396
3607
102.4
146
182
9.2
1.238
0.0494
52.3
3018
5399
67.8%
27.1%
5.1%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
29.6
19.6
27.9
23.6
448
319
381
3627
102.3
150
192
CO
CO
1.287
0.0523
55.0
3141
5660
75.4%
19.0%
5.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
28.4
18.8
27.0
22.8
466
325
391
3679
102.5
155
205
8.3
1.334
0.0551
52.7
2962
5431
73.2%
21.4%
5.3%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
28.8
19.0
27.2
23.0
460
323
387
3650
43.3
102.0
153
209
8.1
1.378
0.0569
52.9
2978
5414
73.1%
22.7%
4.2%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
30.8
20.5
28.6
24.4
433
311
369
3630
43.5
102.3
145
198
8.3
1.373
0.0542
57.3
3260
5886
75.0%
22.0%
3.0%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
32.7
21.7
30.1
25.8
412
297
352
3626
43.8
106.3
142
195
8.5
1.379
0.0532
60.9
3622
6516
79.0%
18.5%
2.5%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
33.0
22.6
31.1
26.7
395
289
340
3643
44.4
106.3
146
197
8.5
1.340
0.0531
61.6
3640
6571
73.9%
22.0%
4.1%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
32.9
22.5
31.1
26.7
397
289
339
3607
45.1
108.2
145
196
8.5
1.345
0.0536
60.6
3667
6569
80.1%
17.4%
2.5%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
33.3
22.7
31.2
26.9
393
288
338
3615
45.2
107.9
143
194
8.5
1.352
0.0530
61.6
3714
6664
77.9%
19.2%
2.9%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
34.4
23.1
32.0
27.5
386
280
331
3626
45.6
107.6
133
199
8.5
1.471
0.0538
63.7
3831
6888
73.7%
22.2%
4.1%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
36.0
23.7
33.3
28.3
0
0
319
3625
45.2
107.5
127
199
8.4
1.553
0.0542
68.0
4087
7358
72.8%
24.4%
2.8%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
36.3
23.8
33.5
28.5
0
0
311
3690
45.2
107.3
123
210
8.0
1.713
0.0560
71.0
4198
7660
67.4%
29.4%
3.1%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
36.6
24.1
33.7
28.8
0
0
308
3631
45.0
108.7
116
206
8.1
1.760
0.0559
68.2
4117
7419
68.8%
28.5%
2.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
35.1
23.2
32.0
27.5
0
0
320
3743
45.7
107.1
129
230
7.6
1.765
0.0607
66.6
3867
7181
51.4%
43.6%
5.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
1975
vw
Car
Car SUV
1976
vw
Car
Car SUV
1977
vw
Car
Car SUV
1978
vw
Car
Car SUV
1979
vw
Car
Car SUV
1980
vw
Car
Car SUV
1981
vw
Car
Car SUV
1982
vw
Car
Car SUV
1983
vw
Car
Car SUV
1984
vw
Car
Car SUV
1985
vw
Car
Car SUV
1986
vw
Car
Car SUV
1987
vw
Car
Car SUV
1988
vw
Car
Car SUV
1989
vw
Car
Car SUV
1990
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-119 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
60.1%
28.5%
11.4%
98.9%
1.1%
18.7%
79.5%
20.5%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
58.9%
21.9%
19.2%
95.8%
4.2%
21.2%
77.4%
22.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
59.1%
19.7%
21.2%
98.9%
1.1%
20.4%
1.4%
71.2%
28.8%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
58.4%
2.1%
39.5%
100.0%
5.6%
1.7%
71.2%
28.8%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
53.3%
0.6%
46.1%
100.0%
2.7%
1.8%
99.1%
0.9%
0.0%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
62.4%
0.8%
36.8%
100.0%
1.4%
5.4%
89.4%
10.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
58.3%
0.5%
41.2%
97.0%
3.0%
0.0%
4.3%
88.5%
11.5%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
59.6%
1.2%
39.3%
98.0%
2.0%
9.3%
6.7%
92.0%
8.0%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
54.6%
0.8%
44.5%
94.9%
5.1%
34.9%
20.8%
81.2%
18.8%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
39.6%
1.7%
58.8%
97.5%
2.5%
44.8%
25.6%
71.2%
28.8%
0.0%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
46.8%
1.2%
52.1%
94.8%
5.2%
45.4%
18.5%
76.8%
23.1%
0.2%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
44.8%
1.2%
54.0%
95.4%
4.6%
57.3%
27.8%
76.4%
23.2%
0.4%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
30.7%
1.1%
66.4%
1.7%
92.4%
7.6%
61.3%
13.7%
75.5%
24.3%
0.1%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
33.5%
63.0%
3.5%
93.3%
6.7%
64.4%
15.9%
72.6%
27.3%
0.1%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
28.5%
0.8%
66.9%
3.9%
93.3%
6.7%
65.6%
17.5%
72.0%
25.0%
3.0%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
23.0%
0.5%
72.2%
4.3%
89.0%
11.0%
69.3%
20.4%
78.2%
20.1%
1.7%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
21.9%
0.7%
72.9%
4.5%
87.4%
12.6%
86.4%
48.0%
75.0%
23.9%
1.1%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
24.5%
70.4%
5.1%
100.0%
100.0%
15.9%
81.3%
17.7%
1.0%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
18.0%
77.2%
4.9%
44.7%
55.3%
99.9%
19.5%
82.6%
16.8%
0.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
16.0%
1.5%
80.1%
2.5%
48.0%
37.7%
14.3%
99.9%
17.5%
92.0%
7.5%
0.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
15.6%
36.6%
44.5%
3.4%
46.6%
32.5%
20.9%
100.0%
79.8%
90.7%
7.1%
2.2%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
16.0%
0.4%
80.0%
3.6%
39.6%
41.0%
19.4%
93.5%
71.5%
92.8%
3.2%
4.0%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
14.1%
14.3%
70.0%
1.6%
37.8%
45.1%
17.1%
94.4%
77.3%
0.1%
72.4%
25.4%
2.2%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
9.8%
2.1%
86.0%
2.1%
38.9%
42.1%
19.0%
95.0%
76.0%
1.1%
69.7%
28.5%
1.8%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
9.4%
4.8%
83.6%
2.2%
64.7%
16.2%
19.1%
90.9%
71.8%
0.6%
68.4%
29.2%
2.3%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
9.1%
3.7%
85.7%
1.5%
75.9%
8.3%
15.1%
91.4%
76.4%
0.3%
72.5%
25.3%
2.2%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
8.9%
3.1%
87.2%
0.9%
97.5%
0.5%
0.4%
98.3%
98.0%
1.1%
74.2%
23.7%
2.1%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
9.8%
4.1%
86.1%
98.9%
0.7%
99.6%
99.6%
0.7%
77.2%
21.2%
1.6%
vw
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
8.4%
6.0%
85.6%
98.8%
0.7%
99.5%
99.5%
1.2%
65.1%
30.6%
4.3%
vw
Car
Car SUV
1975
vw
Car
Car SUV
1976
vw
Car
Car SUV
1977
vw
Car
Car SUV
1978
vw
Car
Car SUV
1979
vw
Car
Car SUV
1980
vw
Car
Car SUV
1981
vw
Car
Car SUV
1982
vw
Car
Car SUV
1983
vw
Car
Car SUV
1984
vw
Car
Car SUV
1985
vw
Car
Car SUV
1986
vw
Car
Car SUV
1987
vw
Car
Car SUV
1988
vw
Car
Car SUV
1989
vw
Car
Car SUV
1990
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-120 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
vw
Car
Car SUV
1991
vw
Car
Car SUV
1992
vw
Car
Car SUV
1993
vw
Car
Car SUV
1994
vw
Car
Car SUV
1995
vw
Car
Car SUV
1996
vw
Car
Car SUV
1997
vw
Car
Car SUV
1998
vw
Car
Car SUV
1999
vw
Car
Car SUV
2000
vw
Car
Car SUV
2001
vw
Car
Car SUV
2002
vw
Car
Car SUV
2003
vw
Car
Car SUV
2004
vw
Car
Car SUV
2005
vw
Car
Car SUV
2006
vw
Car
Car SUV
2007
vw
Car
Car SUV
2008
vw
Car
Car SUV
2009
vw
Car
Car SUV
2010
vw
Car
Car SUV
2011
vw
Car
Car SUV
2012
30.8
21.3
26.3
23.9
416
338
372
4000
43.8
121
211
8.3
1.743
0.0528
61.7
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2013
30.1
20.7
26.1
23.5
430
340
379
4000
43.5
121
200
8.6
1.652
0.0500
60.2
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2014
29.4
20.4
25.3
22.9
436
351
388
4000
43.8
121
200
8.6
1.652
0.0500
58.9
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2015
29.4
20.4
25.1
22.9
436
353
389
4000
43.8
121
200
8.6
1.652
0.0500
58.8
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2016
29.2
20.3
25.0
22.7
437
356
391
4000
44.1
121
200
8.6
1.652
0.0500
58.5
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2017
28.8
20.2
24.7
22.5
441
360
395
4000
44.1
121
200
8.6
1.652
0.0500
57.7
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2018
33.6
22.1
27.1
24.7
402
328
360
4000
44.1
121
186
8.5
1.536
0.0465
67.3
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1975
26.5
20.0
26.9
22.6
441
327
393
2371
95
69
0.726
0.0290
31.5
73.7%
26.3%
vw
Car
All
1976
27.5
21.4
26.6
23.4
412
330
379
2343
100
75
0.742
0.0317
32.3
79.9%
20.1%
vw
Car
All
1977
28.8
22.0
28.8
24.6
395
306
364
2358
99
74
0.746
0.0315
34.7
89.2%
10.8%
vw
Car
All
1978
27.2
20.9
26.8
23.2
413
324
388
2410
98
76
14.8
0.765
0.0310
33.9
90.2%
9.8%
vw
Car
All
1979
28.6
22.0
28.1
24.4
392
311
373
2389
98
73
16.7
0.735
0.0301
35.8
90.4%
9.6%
vw
Car
All
1980
31.2
24.0
30.7
26.6
365
292
347
2385
99
70
17.4
0.697
0.0292
39.2
96.0%
4.0%
vw
Car
All
1981
34.2
26.4
33.6
29.2
338
268
320
2403
106
69
17.2
0.642
0.0284
43.4
97.4%
2.6%
vw
Car
All
1982
32.8
25.7
31.4
28.0
337
279
326
2478
109
75
17.7
0.678
0.0299
42.9
95.4%
4.6%
vw
Car
All
1983
30.0
23.3
29.1
25.6
368
301
352
2526
118
91
14.4
0.756
0.0354
39.2
86.5%
0.4%
13.2%
vw
Car
All
1984
28.4
22.1
27.4
24.2
386
316
370
2631
119
93
14.4
0.769
0.0350
38.6
90.2%
1.1%
8.6%
vw
Car
All
1985
29.5
22.9
28.5
25.1
377
303
356
2684
121
99
13.7
0.806
0.0363
40.7
91.0%
1.5%
7.5%
vw
Car
All
1986
29.0
22.3
28.0
24.6
387
310
363
2689
121
105
12.7
0.855
0.0386
39.8
87.7%
3.0%
9.3%
vw
Car
All
1987
28.3
21.9
26.9
24.0
395
320
371
2732
121
110
12.6
0.893
0.0398
39.1
84.8%
3.8%
11.4%
vw
Car
All
1988
29.7
22.7
28.2
25.0
386
311
356
2692
118
106
12.9
0.882
0.0387
40.2
89.3%
3.1%
7.6%
vw
Car
All
1989
29.3
22.2
28.0
24.6
392
311
361
2754
119
108
12.5
0.894
0.0387
40.9
91.8%
1.7%
6.6%
vw
Car
All
1990
28.3
21.2
27.3
23.7
411
320
375
2929
122
119
11.4
0.966
0.0399
41.7
92.9%
2.2%
4.8%
vw
Car
All
1991
28.9
21.3
28.2
24.2
408
311
369
2943
121
115
12.0
0.929
0.0382
43.1
92.1%
2.5%
5.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-121 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
vw
Car
Car SUV
1991
vw
Car
Car SUV
1992
vw
Car
Car SUV
1993
vw
Car
Car SUV
1994
vw
Car
Car SUV
1995
vw
Car
Car SUV
1996
vw
Car
Car SUV
1997
vw
Car
Car SUV
1998
vw
Car
Car SUV
1999
vw
Car
Car SUV
2000
vw
Car
Car SUV
2001
vw
Car
Car SUV
2002
vw
Car
Car SUV
2003
vw
Car
Car SUV
2004
vw
Car
Car SUV
2005
vw
Car
Car SUV
2006
vw
Car
Car SUV
2007
vw
Car
Car SUV
2008
vw
Car
Car SUV
2009
vw
Car
Car SUV
2010
vw
Car
Car SUV
2011
vw
Car
Car SUV
2012
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2013
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2014
2.1%
97.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Car
Car SUV
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1975
72.4%
24.7%
2.9%
54.5%
45.5%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1976
71.9%
28.1%
61.6%
38.4%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1977
80.7%
19.3%
27.8%
65.3%
6.8%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1978
73.7%
26.3%
1.0%
86.5%
12.5%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1979
79.2%
20.8%
0.0%
77.7%
22.2%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1980
84.0%
16.0%
3.6%
60.2%
36.2%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1981
85.1%
14.9%
52.8%
47.2%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1982
78.0%
22.0%
3.0%
69.0%
28.0%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1983
77.6%
22.4%
4.1%
83.0%
12.9%
100.0%
vw
Car
All
1984
66.1%
33.9%
3.8%
85.9%
10.3%
78.7%
21.3%
vw
Car
All
1985
64.5%
35.5%
91.1%
8.9%
81.8%
18.2%
vw
Car
All
1986
65.2%
34.8%
94.9%
5.1%
4.4%
83.3%
16.7%
vw
Car
All
1987
69.4%
30.6%
100.0%
CO
89.8%
10.2%
vw
Car
All
1988
76.5%
23.5%
100.0%
7.7%
96.3%
3.7%
vw
Car
All
1989
71.7%
28.3%
97.5%
0.1%
2.4%
7.7%
92.0%
8.0%
vw
Car
All
1990
60.1%
28.5%
11.4%
98.9%
1.1%
18.7%
79.5%
20.5%
vw
Car
All
1991
58.9%
21.9%
19.2%
95.8%
4.2%
21.2%
77.4%
22.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-122 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
vw
Car
All
1992
28.7
20.9
28.1
23.9
418
314
372
2976
125
120
11.3
0.948
0.0397
42.9
94.4%
2.0%
3.5%
vw
Car
All
1993
26.5
19.1
26.3
22.1
455
331
402
3131
146
141
9.7
0.946
0.0438
41.6
83.1%
12.2%
4.6%
vw
Car
All
1994
27.7
19.9
27.1
23.0
440
325
387
3104
134
133
9.8
0.980
0.0424
43.2
85.5%
10.6%
3.8%
vw
Car
All
1995
28.2
20.1
27.2
23.2
434
323
383
3125
138
138
9.8
0.988
0.0438
44.2
89.2%
5.3%
5.5%
vw
Car
All
1996
27.8
19.6
27.1
22.9
447
325
389
3160
138
137
10.4
0.977
0.0429
44.6
86.1%
11.2%
2.7%
vw
Car
All
1997
28.1
19.8
27.1
23.0
443
324
386
3151
138
140
10.2
1.008
0.0441
44.9
80.5%
13.8%
5.7%
vw
Car
All
1998
28.4
19.8
27.6
23.2
441
320
384
3206
134
142
10.5
1.056
0.0438
46.4
77.5%
18.3%
4.2%
vw
Car
All
1999
27.9
19.3
27.1
22.8
453
326
391
3256
134
148
10.3
1.099
0.0450
46.0
78.2%
15.1%
6.7%
vw
Car
All
2000
28.2
19.5
26.8
22.9
446
329
390
3252
135
153
9.6
1.123
0.0463
46.7
80.5%
14.6%
4.9%
vw
Car
All
2001
27.8
19.1
26.4
22.5
457
333
397
3327
136
163
9.2
1.207
0.0485
47.0
72.9%
23.1%
4.0%
vw
Car
All
2002
28.7
19.5
27.2
23.1
449
325
387
3394
132
165
9.5
1.263
0.0482
49.7
76.4%
19.8%
3.9%
vw
Car
All
2003
29.1
19.7
27.3
23.3
445
323
384
3442
131
166
9.5
1.269
0.0476
51.0
79.6%
17.4%
2.9%
vw
Car
All
2004
28.2
18.9
26.6
22.6
462
331
396
3534
137
177
9.2
1.291
0.0493
50.7
69.3%
28.0%
2.6%
vw
Car
All
2005
28.4
18.8
26.9
22.7
466
329
396
3607
146
182
9.2
1.238
0.0494
52.3
67.8%
27.1%
5.1%
vw
Car
All
2006
29.6
19.6
27.9
23.6
448
319
381
3627
150
192
CO
CO
1.287
0.0523
55.0
75.4%
19.0%
5.6%
vw
Car
All
2007
28.4
18.8
27.0
22.8
466
325
391
3679
155
205
8.3
1.334
0.0551
52.7
73.2%
21.4%
5.3%
vw
Car
All
2008
28.8
19.0
27.2
23.0
460
323
387
3650
43.3
153
209
8.1
1.378
0.0569
52.9
73.1%
22.7%
4.2%
vw
Car
All
2009
30.8
20.5
28.6
24.4
433
311
369
3630
43.5
145
198
8.3
1.373
0.0542
57.3
75.0%
22.0%
3.0%
vw
Car
All
2010
32.7
21.7
30.1
25.8
412
297
352
3626
43.8
142
195
8.5
1.379
0.0532
60.9
79.0%
18.5%
2.5%
vw
Car
All
2011
33.0
22.6
31.1
26.7
395
289
340
3643
44.4
146
197
8.5
1.340
0.0531
61.6
73.9%
22.0%
4.1%
vw
Car
All
2012
32.8
22.4
30.9
26.6
398
290
340
3621
45.0
144
197
8.5
1.359
0.0536
60.6
80.8%
16.7%
2.4%
vw
Car
All
2013
33.2
22.6
31.0
26.7
394
289
339
3626
45.2
142
195
8.5
1.361
0.0529
61.6
78.6%
18.6%
2.9%
vw
Car
All
2014
34.2
23.0
31.8
27.3
387
282
333
3637
45.5
133
199
8.5
1.476
0.0537
63.5
74.5%
21.5%
4.0%
vw
Car
All
2015
35.8
23.6
33.0
28.2
0
0
320
3635
45.1
127
199
8.4
1.556
0.0541
67.7
73.5%
23.8%
2.7%
vw
Car
All
2016
35.8
23.6
32.9
28.1
0
0
315
3706
45.1
122
209
8.0
1.710
0.0557
70.3
69.1%
27.9%
3.0%
vw
Car
All
2017
36.1
23.9
33.1
28.4
0
0
312
3648
45.0
116
206
8.1
1.755
0.0557
67.7
70.3%
27.2%
2.5%
vw
Car
All
2018
35.0
23.1
31.6
27.3
0
0
323
3763
45.6
128
227
7.7
1.747
0.0596
66.7
55.3%
40.2%
4.6%
vw
Truck
Van
1975
20.7
16.2
19.8
17.6
550
447
505
3497
109
67
0.615
0.0192
36.2
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1976
19.9
15.1
20.1
17.0
587
440
523
3500
120
67
0.558
0.0191
34.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1977
22.2
17.2
21.5
18.9
516
413
470
3500
120
67
0.558
0.0191
38.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1978
20.0
15.7
19.1
17.0
568
464
521
3500
120
67
20.9
0.558
0.0191
35.0
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1979
18.7
14.8
17.6
16.0
599
502
557
3500
120
67
22.3
0.558
0.0191
32.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1980
19.0
14.7
18.6
16.2
604
476
547
3619
120
67
23.2
0.558
0.0186
34.4
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1981
18.5
14.6
17.4
15.8
606
510
563
3644
120
67
23.2
0.558
0.0185
33.8
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1982
21.7
17.7
19.4
18.4
495
475
502
3668
111
61
26.7
0.550
0.0168
42.1
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1983
19.3
15.3
18.0
16.4
577
491
543
3625
119
69
22.2
0.585
0.0192
35.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1984
20.7
16.6
18.9
17.6
533
470
506
3627
117
82
19.7
0.701
0.0227
37.5
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1985
21.3
17.2
19.2
18.1
514
461
492
3656
117
82
19.5
0.701
0.0225
39.0
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1986
19.2
15.7
17.0
16.2
566
520
547
3764
129
90
17.7
0.698
0.0240
36.2
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1987
18.9
15.4
16.6
15.9
574
534
558
3818
129
90
18.2
0.698
0.0237
36.2
18.1%
81.9%
vw
Truck
Van
1988
19.9
16.1
17.4
16.7
551
508
533
3868
129
90
18.7
0.698
0.0234
38.6
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1989
20.8
16.9
17.9
17.4
525
493
511
4042
129
90
18.5
0.698
0.0223
42.2
8.5%
91.5%
vw
Truck
Van
1990
20.8
16.7
17.8
17.3
530
496
515
4020
129
90
17.6
0.698
0.0224
41.9
51.7%
48.3%
vw
Truck
Van
1991
20.9
16.5
18.3
17.3
539
481
513
4021
129
90
17.5
0.698
0.0224
42.1
6.8%
93.2%
vw
Truck
Van
1992
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-123 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
vw
Car
All
1992
59.1%
19.7%
21.2%
98.9%
1.1%
20.4%
1.4%
71.2%
28.8%
vw
Car
All
1993
58.4%
2.1%
39.5%
100.0%
5.6%
1.7%
71.2%
28.8%
vw
Car
All
1994
53.3%
0.6%
46.1%
100.0%
2.7%
1.8%
99.1%
0.9%
0.0%
vw
Car
All
1995
62.4%
0.8%
36.8%
100.0%
1.4%
5.4%
89.4%
10.6%
vw
Car
All
1996
58.3%
0.5%
41.2%
97.0%
3.0%
0.0%
4.3%
88.5%
11.5%
vw
Car
All
1997
59.6%
1.2%
39.3%
98.0%
2.0%
9.3%
6.7%
92.0%
8.0%
vw
Car
All
1998
54.6%
0.8%
44.5%
94.9%
5.1%
34.9%
20.8%
81.2%
18.8%
vw
Car
All
1999
39.6%
1.7%
58.8%
97.5%
2.5%
44.8%
25.6%
71.2%
28.8%
0.0%
vw
Car
All
2000
46.8%
1.2%
52.1%
94.8%
5.2%
45.4%
18.5%
76.8%
23.1%
0.2%
vw
Car
All
2001
44.8%
1.2%
54.0%
95.4%
4.6%
57.3%
27.8%
76.4%
23.2%
0.4%
vw
Car
All
2002
30.7%
1.1%
66.4%
1.7%
92.4%
7.6%
61.3%
13.7%
75.5%
24.3%
0.1%
vw
Car
All
2003
33.5%
63.0%
3.5%
93.3%
6.7%
64.4%
15.9%
72.6%
27.3%
0.1%
vw
Car
All
2004
28.5%
0.8%
66.9%
3.9%
93.3%
6.7%
65.6%
17.5%
72.0%
25.0%
3.0%
vw
Car
All
2005
23.0%
0.5%
72.2%
4.3%
89.0%
11.0%
69.3%
20.4%
78.2%
20.1%
1.7%
vw
Car
All
2006
21.9%
0.7%
72.9%
4.5%
87.4%
12.6%
86.4%
48.0%
75.0%
23.9%
1.1%
vw
Car
All
2007
24.5%
70.4%
5.1%
100.0%
100.0%
15.9%
81.3%
17.7%
1.0%
vw
Car
All
2008
18.0%
77.2%
4.9%
44.7%
55.3%
99.9%
19.5%
82.6%
16.8%
0.6%
vw
Car
All
2009
16.0%
1.5%
80.1%
2.5%
48.0%
37.7%
14.3%
99.9%
17.5%
92.0%
7.5%
0.6%
vw
Car
All
2010
15.6%
36.6%
44.5%
3.4%
46.6%
32.5%
20.9%
100.0%
79.8%
90.7%
7.1%
2.2%
vw
Car
All
2011
16.0%
0.4%
80.0%
3.6%
39.6%
41.0%
19.4%
93.5%
71.5%
92.8%
3.2%
4.0%
vw
Car
All
2012
13.7%
13.8%
71.0%
1.5%
40.0%
43.6%
16.5%
94.6%
78.1%
0.1%
vw
Car
All
2013
9.6%
2.0%
86.4%
2.0%
40.7%
40.8%
18.5%
95.2%
76.8%
1.1%
vw
Car
All
2014
9.2%
4.7%
84.0%
2.1%
65.7%
15.8%
18.6%
91.1%
72.6%
0.5%
vw
Car
All
2015
8.8%
3.6%
86.1%
1.4%
76.5%
8.1%
14.7%
91.7%
77.0%
0.3%
vw
Car
All
2016
8.4%
2.9%
87.8%
0.9%
97.6%
0.5%
0.4%
98.4%
98.1%
1.1%
vw
Car
All
2017
9.3%
3.9%
86.8%
99.0%
0.7%
99.6%
99.7%
0.7%
vw
Car
All
2018
7.7%
5.5%
86.7%
98.9%
0.6%
99.5%
99.6%
1.1%
vw
Truck
Van
1975
70.8%
29.2%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1976
84.8%
15.2%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1977
89.9%
10.1%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1978
85.0%
15.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1979
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1980
82.9%
17.1%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1981
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1982
89.0%
11.0%
61.7%
38.3%
vw
Truck
Van
1983
78.9%
21.1%
97.7%
2.3%
vw
Truck
Van
1984
74.3%
25.7%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1985
71.6%
28.4%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1986
69.8%
30.2%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1987
53.9%
28.0%
18.1%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1988
56.0%
44.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1989
51.3%
40.3%
8.5%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1990
47.4%
48.6%
4.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1991
44.4%
55.6%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1992
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-124 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
vw
Truck
Van
1993
21.0
16.0
19.0
17.4
554
467
511
4157
150
109
13.9
0.727
0.0263
43.7
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1994
20.1
15.1
18.6
16.6
589
478
534
4260
150
109
13.9
0.727
0.0257
42.8
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1995
19.6
14.8
17.5
16.1
602
506
553
5000
150
109
16.5
0.727
0.0218
48.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1996
vw
Truck
Van
1997
18.5
13.4
17.5
15.3
663
508
582
5490
170
140
14.9
0.824
0.0255
50.8
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1998
vw
Truck
Van
1999
19.1
13.5
18.3
15.7
657
486
566
4897
170
140
14.3
0.824
0.0289
46.7
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2000
19.0
13.3
18.2
15.6
666
489
571
5116
170
140
14.0
0.824
0.0276
48.5
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2001
20.7
14.8
18.7
16.7
600
476
532
4850
170
201
10.6
1.182
0.0418
50.0
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2002
20.9
14.9
18.6
16.8
595
477
530
4638
170
201
10.5
1.182
0.0435
48.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2003
20.9
14.8
18.5
16.7
599
479
532
4564
170
201
10.3
1.182
0.0441
47.6
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2004
vw
Truck
Van
2005
vw
Truck
Van
2006
vw
Truck
Van
2007
vw
Truck
Van
2008
vw
Truck
Van
2009
vw
Truck
Van
2010
vw
Truck
Van
2011
vw
Truck
Van
2012
vw
Truck
Van
2013
vw
Truck
Van
2014
vw
Truck
Van
2015
vw
Truck
Van
2016
vw
Truck
Van
2017
vw
Truck
Van
2018
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-125 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
vw
Truck
Van
1993
35.7%
64.3%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1994
48.0%
52.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1995
43.8%
56.2%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1996
vw
Truck
Van
1997
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
1998
vw
Truck
Van
1999
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Van
2004
vw
Truck
Van
2005
vw
Truck
Van
2006
vw
Truck
Van
2007
vw
Truck
Van
2008
vw
Truck
Van
2009
vw
Truck
Van
2010
vw
Truck
Van
2011
vw
Truck
Van
2012
vw
Truck
Van
2013
vw
Truck
Van
2014
vw
Truck
Van
2015
vw
Truck
Van
2016
vw
Truck
Van
2017
vw
Truck
Van
2018
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-126 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
18.0
12.4
17.3
14.7
718
514
604
5500
275
367
7.4
1.334
0.0667
49.5
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
18.7
12.8
17.7
15.2
693
501
586
5472
238
292
8.6
1.221
0.0534
51.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
19.1
13.1
17.9
15.5
674
496
575
5382
231
292
8.5
1.257
0.0541
51.7
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
19.1
13.1
17.9
15.5
677
497
577
5407
236
299
8.5
1.264
0.0551
52.0
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
19.5
13.5
17.9
15.7
657
497
567
5568
231
300
8.4
1.295
0.0539
54.5
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
20.1
13.6
19.1
16.3
651
464
546
5566
51.9
236
320
8.2
1.346
0.0574
56.1
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
23.5
16.0
21.7
18.8
547
408
475
4776
48.3
183
259
8.3
1.458
0.0539
56.1
24.5%
75.5%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
24.8
17.0
22.3
19.7
522
400
457
4627
48.1
175
248
8.5
1.449
0.0537
57.3
19.4%
80.6%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
26.6
18.2
24.3
21.2
490
368
424
4625
48.5
165
253
8.2
1.570
0.0544
61.4
16.2%
83.8%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
26.9
18.3
24.6
21.5
488
363
421
4737
49.5
170
258
8.1
1.558
0.0544
63.8
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
27.1
18.2
25.0
21.5
492
360
421
4786
49.6
169
264
8.0
1.597
0.0550
65.1
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
27.2
18.3
25.2
21.7
493
359
421
4801
50.0
171
268
7.9
1.597
0.0556
65.7
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
27.0
18.2
25.0
21.5
493
359
421
4795
50.1
162
264
7.9
1.641
0.0553
65.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
28.1
19.0
25.5
22.2
467
348
403
4591
48.9
160
263
7.8
1.670
0.0570
65.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
27.7
18.8
24.9
21.9
467
354
406
4652
50.2
160
284
7.5
1.787
0.0605
64.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
29.0
19.6
25.4
22.5
447
348
394
4458
50.0
158
260
7.7
1.699
0.0579
65.2
19.0%
81.0%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1975
vw
Truck
Pickup
1976
vw
Truck
Pickup
1977
vw
Truck
Pickup
1978
vw
Truck
Pickup
1979
vw
Truck
Pickup
1980
31.3
24.8
29.4
26.7
360
310
348
2265
94
65
18.3
0.685
0.0286
37.6
100.0%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1981
36.9
29.1
34.8
31.4
329
278
310
2318
99
59
19.1
0.592
0.0253
43.6
100.0%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1982
39.2
31.8
35.4
33.3
302
276
293
2310
99
58
20.4
0.584
0.0250
46.2
100.0%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1983
35.7
28.3
33.3
30.3
323
282
310
2379
101
65
17.6
0.640
0.0272
43.5
100.0%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1984
vw
Truck
Pickup
1985
vw
Truck
Pickup
1986
vw
Truck
Pickup
1987
vw
Truck
Pickup
1988
vw
Truck
Pickup
1989
vw
Truck
Pickup
1990
vw
Truck
Pickup
1991
vw
Truck
Pickup
1992
vw
Truck
Pickup
1993
vw
Truck
Pickup
1994
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-127 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
100.0%
99.0%
1.0%
99.0%
99.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
0.3%
99.7%
97.8%
2.2%
97.8%
97.8%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
100.0%
98.7%
1.3%
98.7%
66.6%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
0.6%
99.4%
94.6%
5.1%
0.3%
99.7%
99.7%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
1.4%
98.6%
95.9%
4.1%
100.0%
97.7%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
0.8%
34.2%
65.0%
91.5%
8.5%
100.0%
95.1%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
0.5%
99.5%
91.4%
8.6%
100.0%
100.0%
2.1%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
0.2%
99.8%
88.5%
11.5%
100.0%
88.5%
2.3%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
0.1%
99.9%
85.5%
14.5%
100.0%
85.5%
2.0%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
0.1%
99.9%
79.7%
20.3%
100.0%
79.7%
1.3%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
12.5%
87.5%
84.4%
15.6%
100.0%
84.4%
0.7%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
9.4%
90.6%
93.2%
6.8%
100.0%
93.2%
1.8%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
17.3%
82.7%
71.8%
28.2%
100.0%
100.0%
1.2%
vw
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
5.9%
94.1%
99.5%
0.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1975
vw
Truck
Pickup
1976
vw
Truck
Pickup
1977
vw
Truck
Pickup
1978
vw
Truck
Pickup
1979
vw
Truck
Pickup
1980
94.0%
6.0%
57.3%
42.7%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1981
100.0%
27.2%
72.8%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1982
100.0%
23.9%
76.1%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1983
100.0%
51.5%
48.5%
vw
Truck
Pickup
1984
vw
Truck
Pickup
1985
vw
Truck
Pickup
1986
vw
Truck
Pickup
1987
vw
Truck
Pickup
1988
vw
Truck
Pickup
1989
vw
Truck
Pickup
1990
vw
Truck
Pickup
1991
vw
Truck
Pickup
1992
vw
Truck
Pickup
1993
vw
Truck
Pickup
1994
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-128 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
vw
Truck
Pickup
1995
vw
Truck
Pickup
1996
vw
Truck
Pickup
1997
vw
Truck
Pickup
1998
vw
Truck
Pickup
1999
vw
Truck
Pickup
2000
vw
Truck
Pickup
2001
vw
Truck
Pickup
2002
vw
Truck
Pickup
2003
vw
Truck
Pickup
2004
vw
Truck
Pickup
2005
vw
Truck
Pickup
2006
vw
Truck
Pickup
2007
vw
Truck
Pickup
2008
vw
Truck
Pickup
2009
vw
Truck
Pickup
2010
vw
Truck
Pickup
2011
vw
Truck
Pickup
2012
vw
Truck
Pickup
2013
vw
Truck
Pickup
2014
vw
Truck
Pickup
2015
vw
Truck
Pickup
2016
vw
Truck
Pickup
2017
vw
Truck
Pickup
2018
vw
Truck
All
1975
20.7
16.2
19.8
17.6
550
447
505
3497
109
67
0.615
0.0192
36.2
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1976
19.9
15.1
20.1
17.0
587
440
523
3500
120
67
0.558
0.0191
34.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1977
22.2
17.2
21.5
18.9
516
413
470
3500
120
67
0.558
0.0191
38.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1978
20.0
15.7
19.1
17.0
568
464
521
3500
120
67
20.9
0.558
0.0191
35.0
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1979
18.7
14.8
17.6
16.0
599
502
557
3500
120
67
22.3
0.558
0.0191
32.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1980
25.2
19.7
24.2
21.5
424
356
423
2770
104
66
20.1
0.638
0.0249
36.4
62.7%
37.3%
vw
Truck
All
1981
29.5
23.3
27.8
25.1
372
314
374
2652
104
61
20.1
0.584
0.0236
41.2
74.8%
25.2%
vw
Truck
All
1982
27.8
22.6
24.9
23.6
376
351
400
3002
105
60
23.6
0.567
0.0208
44.1
49.0%
51.0%
vw
Truck
All
1983
20.3
16.1
19.0
17.3
531
454
517
3488
117
69
21.7
0.591
0.0201
36.2
11.0%
89.0%
vw
Truck
All
1984
20.7
16.6
18.9
17.6
533
470
506
3627
117
82
19.7
0.701
0.0227
37.5
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1985
21.3
17.2
19.2
18.1
514
461
492
3656
117
82
19.5
0.701
0.0225
39.0
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1986
19.2
15.7
17.0
16.2
566
520
547
3764
129
90
17.7
0.698
0.0240
36.2
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1987
18.9
15.4
16.6
15.9
574
534
558
3818
129
90
18.2
0.698
0.0237
36.2
18.1%
81.9%
vw
Truck
All
1988
19.9
16.1
17.4
16.7
551
508
533
3868
129
90
18.7
0.698
0.0234
38.6
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1989
20.8
16.9
17.9
17.4
525
493
511
4042
129
90
18.5
0.698
0.0223
42.2
8.5%
91.5%
vw
Truck
All
1990
20.8
16.7
17.8
17.3
530
496
515
4020
129
90
17.6
0.698
0.0224
41.9
51.7%
48.3%
vw
Truck
All
1991
20.9
16.5
18.3
17.3
539
481
513
4021
129
90
17.5
0.698
0.0224
42.1
6.8%
93.2%
vw
Truck
All
1992
vw
Truck
All
1993
21.0
16.0
19.0
17.4
554
467
511
4157
150
109
13.9
0.727
0.0263
43.7
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1994
20.1
15.1
18.6
16.6
589
478
534
4260
150
109
13.9
0.727
0.0257
42.8
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1995
19.6
14.8
17.5
16.1
602
506
553
5000
150
109
16.5
0.727
0.0218
48.9
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-129 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
vw
Truck
Pickup
1995
vw
Truck
Pickup
1996
vw
Truck
Pickup
1997
vw
Truck
Pickup
1998
vw
Truck
Pickup
1999
vw
Truck
Pickup
2000
vw
Truck
Pickup
2001
vw
Truck
Pickup
2002
vw
Truck
Pickup
2003
vw
Truck
Pickup
2004
vw
Truck
Pickup
2005
vw
Truck
Pickup
2006
vw
Truck
Pickup
2007
vw
Truck
Pickup
2008
vw
Truck
Pickup
2009
vw
Truck
Pickup
2010
vw
Truck
Pickup
2011
vw
Truck
Pickup
2012
vw
Truck
Pickup
2013
vw
Truck
Pickup
2014
vw
Truck
Pickup
2015
vw
Truck
Pickup
2016
vw
Truck
Pickup
2017
vw
Truck
Pickup
2018
vw
Truck
All
1975
70.8%
29.2%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1976
84.8%
15.2%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1977
89.9%
10.1%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1978
85.0%
15.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1979
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1980
89.9%
10.1%
73.2%
26.8%
vw
Truck
All
1981
95.3%
4.7%
45.5%
54.5%
vw
Truck
All
1982
94.4%
5.6%
43.2%
56.8%
vw
Truck
All
1983
81.2%
18.8%
92.6%
7.4%
vw
Truck
All
1984
74.3%
25.7%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1985
71.6%
28.4%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1986
69.8%
30.2%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1987
53.9%
28.0%
18.1%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1988
56.0%
44.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1989
51.3%
40.3%
8.5%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1990
47.4%
48.6%
4.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1991
44.4%
55.6%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1992
vw
Truck
All
1993
35.7%
64.3%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1994
48.0%
52.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1995
43.8%
56.2%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-130 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
vw
Truck
All
1996
vw
Truck
All
1997
18.5
13.4
17.5
15.3
663
508
582
5490
170
140
14.9
0.824
0.0255
50.8
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1998
vw
Truck
All
1999
19.1
13.5
18.3
15.7
657
486
566
4897
170
140
14.3
0.824
0.0289
46.7
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2000
19.0
13.3
18.2
15.6
666
489
571
5116
170
140
14.0
0.824
0.0276
48.5
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2001
20.7
14.8
18.7
16.7
600
476
532
4850
170
201
10.6
1.182
0.0418
50.0
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2002
20.9
14.9
18.6
16.8
595
477
530
4638
170
201
10.5
1.182
0.0435
48.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2003
20.2
14.2
18.3
16.2
621
486
548
4766
193
237
9.7
1.215
0.0490
48.0
78.5%
21.5%
vw
Truck
All
2004
18.7
12.8
17.7
15.2
693
501
586
5472
238
292
8.6
1.221
0.0534
51.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2005
19.1
13.1
17.9
15.5
674
496
575
5382
231
292
8.5
1.257
0.0541
51.7
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2006
19.1
13.1
17.9
15.5
677
497
577
5407
236
299
8.5
1.264
0.0551
52.0
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2007
19.5
13.5
17.9
15.7
657
497
567
5568
231
300
8.4
1.295
0.0539
54.5
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2008
20.1
13.6
19.1
16.3
651
464
546
5566
51.9
236
320
8.2
1.346
0.0574
56.1
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2009
23.5
16.0
21.7
18.8
547
408
475
4776
48.3
183
259
8.3
1.458
0.0539
56.1
24.5%
75.5%
vw
Truck
All
2010
24.8
17.0
22.3
19.7
522
400
457
4627
48.1
175
248
8.5
1.449
0.0537
57.3
19.4%
80.6%
vw
Truck
All
2011
26.6
18.2
24.3
21.2
490
368
424
4625
48.5
165
253
8.2
1.570
0.0544
61.4
16.2%
83.8%
vw
Truck
All
2012
26.9
18.3
24.6
21.5
488
363
421
4737
49.5
170
258
8.1
1.558
0.0544
63.8
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2013
27.1
18.2
25.0
21.5
492
360
421
4786
49.6
169
264
8.0
1.597
0.0550
65.1
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2014
27.2
18.3
25.2
21.7
493
359
421
4801
50.0
171
268
7.9
1.597
0.0556
65.7
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2015
27.0
18.2
25.0
21.5
493
359
421
4795
50.1
162
264
7.9
1.641
0.0553
65.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2016
28.1
19.0
25.5
22.2
467
348
403
4591
48.9
160
263
7.8
1.670
0.0570
65.3
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2017
27.7
18.8
24.9
21.9
467
354
406
4652
50.2
160
284
7.5
1.787
0.0605
64.9
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2018
29.0
19.6
25.4
22.5
447
348
394
4458
50.0
158
260
7.7
1.699
0.0579
65.2
19.0%
81.0%
vw
All
All
1975
26.4
20.0
26.9
22.6
441
327
393
2375
95
69
0.725
0.0290
31.5
73.5%
26.5%
vw
All
All
1976
27.4
21.3
26.5
23.4
413
331
380
2350
100
74
0.741
0.0316
32.4
79.4%
20.6%
vw
All
All
1977
28.8
22.0
28.7
24.6
396
306
364
2366
99
74
0.745
0.0314
34.7
88.6%
11.4%
vw
All
All
1978
27.1
20.8
26.7
23.1
414
325
389
2420
98
75
14.8
0.764
0.0309
33.9
89.4%
10.6%
vw
All
All
1979
28.0
21.5
27.5
23.9
397
316
380
2433
99
72
16.9
0.728
0.0297
35.7
86.8%
13.2%
vw
All
All
1980
30.5
23.5
30.0
26.0
370
297
354
2420
100
70
17.6
0.691
0.0288
38.9
92.9%
7.1%
vw
All
All
1981
33.5
25.9
32.7
28.6
342
274
328
2437
106
68
17.6
0.634
0.0278
43.1
94.3%
5.7%
vw
All
All
1982
32.2
25.3
30.5
27.4
341
286
335
2539
109
73
18.4
0.665
0.0289
43.0
90.0%
10.0%
vw
All
All
1983
28.8
22.4
27.7
24.5
379
311
367
2616
118
89
15.1
0.741
0.0339
38.9
79.4%
0.3%
20.3%
vw
All
All
1984
27.7
21.6
26.5
23.6
394
324
380
2702
119
92
14.7
0.764
0.0341
38.5
83.7%
1.0%
15.2%
vw
All
All
1985
28.8
22.4
27.7
24.5
384
310
365
2747
121
97
14.1
0.799
0.0354
40.6
85.2%
1.4%
13.4%
vw
All
All
1986
28.5
22.0
27.4
24.2
391
314
369
2723
121
105
12.9
0.850
0.0381
39.7
84.9%
2.9%
12.1%
vw
All
All
1987
27.7
21.5
26.2
23.4
400
325
379
2778
121
109
12.8
0.884
0.0391
39.0
81.1%
4.4%
14.4%
vw
All
All
1988
29.4
22.5
27.9
24.8
388
313
359
2712
118
105
13.0
0.879
0.0384
40.2
87.8%
3.0%
9.2%
vw
All
All
1989
29.1
22.0
27.7
24.4
394
314
365
2783
119
108
12.7
0.889
0.0383
41.0
89.6%
1.8%
8.5%
vw
All
All
1990
27.9
20.9
26.7
23.3
415
325
381
2979
122
118
11.7
0.953
0.0391
41.8
88.7%
4.5%
6.8%
vw
All
All
1991
28.5
21.0
27.7
23.8
412
315
375
2985
121
114
12.2
0.920
0.0376
43.1
88.5%
2.7%
8.8%
vw
All
All
1992
28.7
20.9
28.1
23.9
418
314
372
2976
125
120
11.3
0.948
0.0397
42.9
94.4%
2.0%
3.5%
vw
All
All
1993
25.5
18.5
24.9
21.3
467
346
418
3279
146
136
10.3
0.914
0.0413
41.9
85.6%
10.5%
3.9%
vw
All
All
1994
27.7
19.9
27.0
23.0
441
326
387
3108
134
133
9.8
0.979
0.0424
43.2
85.6%
10.6%
3.8%
vw
All
All
1995
28.0
20.1
27.0
23.1
436
325
385
3147
138
138
9.8
0.985
0.0435
44.3
89.4%
5.2%
5.4%
vw
All
All
1996
27.8
19.6
27.1
22.9
447
325
389
3160
138
137
10.4
0.977
0.0429
44.6
86.1%
11.2%
2.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-131 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
vw
Truck
All
1996
vw
Truck
All
1997
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
1998
vw
Truck
All
1999
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2000
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
21.5%
vw
Truck
All
2004
100.0%
99.0%
1.0%
99.0%
99.0%
vw
Truck
All
2005
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
vw
Truck
All
2006
0.3%
99.7%
97.8%
2.2%
97.8%
97.8%
vw
Truck
All
2007
100.0%
98.7%
1.3%
98.7%
66.6%
vw
Truck
All
2008
0.6%
99.4%
94.6%
5.1%
0.3%
99.7%
99.7%
vw
Truck
All
2009
1.4%
98.6%
95.9%
4.1%
100.0%
97.7%
vw
Truck
All
2010
0.8%
34.2%
65.0%
91.5%
8.5%
100.0%
95.1%
vw
Truck
All
2011
0.5%
99.5%
91.4%
8.6%
100.0%
100.0%
2.1%
vw
Truck
All
2012
0.2%
99.8%
88.5%
11.5%
100.0%
88.5%
2.3%
vw
Truck
All
2013
0.1%
99.9%
85.5%
14.5%
100.0%
85.5%
2.0%
vw
Truck
All
2014
0.1%
99.9%
79.7%
20.3%
100.0%
79.7%
1.3%
vw
Truck
All
2015
12.5%
87.5%
84.4%
15.6%
100.0%
84.4%
0.7%
vw
Truck
All
2016
9.4%
90.6%
93.2%
6.8%
100.0%
93.2%
1.8%
vw
Truck
All
2017
17.3%
82.7%
71.8%
28.2%
100.0%
100.0%
1.2%
vw
Truck
All
2018
5.9%
94.1%
99.5%
0.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
vw
All
All
1975
72.4%
24.7%
2.9%
54.3%
45.4%
0.3%
vw
All
All
1976
72.0%
28.0%
61.2%
38.2%
0.6%
vw
All
All
1977
80.8%
19.2%
27.6%
64.9%
0.7%
6.8%
vw
All
All
1978
73.8%
26.2%
1.0%
85.7%
0.9%
12.4%
vw
All
All
1979
79.3%
20.7%
0.0%
74.6%
4.0%
21.3%
vw
All
All
1980
84.5%
15.5%
3.3%
54.7%
6.7%
35.3%
vw
All
All
1981
86.4%
13.6%
45.6%
6.2%
48.2%
vw
All
All
1982
79.9%
20.1%
2.6%
60.9%
5.0%
31.4%
vw
All
All
1983
77.9%
22.1%
3.7%
75.2%
8.7%
12.4%
vw
All
All
1984
66.7%
33.3%
3.5%
79.7%
7.2%
9.6%
vw
All
All
1985
65.0%
35.0%
85.3%
6.4%
8.3%
vw
All
All
1986
65.3%
34.7%
95.1%
4.9%
vw
All
All
1987
68.7%
30.5%
0.8%
100.0%
vw
All
All
1988
76.1%
23.9%
100.0%
vw
All
All
1989
71.3%
28.5%
0.2%
97.5%
0.1%
2.4%
vw
All
All
1990
59.5%
29.4%
10.9%
0.2%
99.0%
1.0%
vw
All
All
1991
58.3%
23.3%
18.4%
96.0%
4.0%
vw
All
All
1992
59.1%
19.7%
21.2%
98.9%
1.1%
20.4%
1.4%
71.2%
28.8%
vw
All
All
1993
55.1%
1.8%
43.1%
100.0%
1.4%
vw
All
All
1994
53.3%
0.6%
46.1%
100.0%
2.7%
1.8%
vw
All
All
1995
62.2%
0.8%
37.0%
100.0%
1.4%
5.4%
vw
All
All
1996
58.3%
0.5%
41.2%
97.0%
3.0%
0.0%
4.3%
88.5%
11.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-132 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
vw
All
All
1997
28.0
19.7
27.0
22.9
444
325
388
3172
138
140
10.2
1.007
0.0439
44.9
80.7%
13.7%
5.7%
vw
All
All
1998
28.4
19.8
27.6
23.2
441
320
384
3206
134
142
10.5
1.056
0.0438
46.4
77.5%
18.3%
4.2%
vw
All
All
1999
27.8
19.2
27.0
22.7
454
327
392
3267
134
148
10.3
1.098
0.0449
46.0
78.3%
15.0%
6.7%
vw
All
All
2000
28.1
19.5
26.7
22.8
447
330
392
3265
135
152
9.7
1.121
0.0462
46.7
80.6%
14.5%
4.9%
vw
All
All
2001
27.7
19.0
26.3
22.4
457
334
398
3338
136
164
9.2
1.206
0.0485
47.0
73.1%
23.0%
3.9%
vw
All
All
2002
28.5
19.4
27.0
23.0
450
326
389
3410
132
166
9.5
1.262
0.0481
49.7
76.7%
19.5%
3.8%
vw
All
All
2003
28.9
19.6
27.1
23.2
447
325
386
3459
132
166
9.5
1.268
0.0476
50.9
79.6%
17.5%
2.9%
vw
All
All
2004
26.1
17.6
24.6
21.0
488
350
426
3844
153
196
9.1
1.280
0.0499
50.8
58.2%
39.6%
2.2%
vw
All
All
2005
26.5
17.7
25.0
21.2
488
346
422
3867
158
198
9.1
1.241
0.0501
52.2
57.9%
37.7%
4.4%
vw
All
All
2006
28.4
18.9
26.7
22.7
460
328
396
3763
156
200
8.7
1.285
0.0525
54.8
69.6%
25.2%
5.2%
vw
All
All
2007
27.3
18.2
25.9
21.9
479
336
406
3848
161
214
8.3
1.331
0.0550
52.8
66.7%
28.5%
4.8%
vw
All
All
2008
27.3
18.1
25.9
21.9
478
336
407
3890
44.4
164
223
8.1
1.374
0.0569
53.3
63.9%
32.3%
3.7%
vw
All
All
2009
29.4
19.6
27.3
23.4
447
323
385
3805
44.2
151
208
8.3
1.386
0.0542
57.1
67.3%
30.2%
2.5%
vw
All
All
2010
31.2
20.8
28.6
24.7
425
309
368
3774
44.4
147
203
8.5
1.390
0.0533
60.3
70.1%
27.7%
2.1%
vw
All
All
2011
31.4
21.4
29.3
25.3
412
303
358
3855
45.3
150
209
8.5
1.389
0.0534
61.6
61.5%
35.3%
3.2%
vw
All
All
2012
31.9
21.8
29.9
25.8
408
298
351
3767
45.6
148
205
8.4
1.385
0.0537
61.0
70.3%
27.6%
2.1%
vw
All
All
2013
32.2
21.9
30.1
25.9
405
297
350
3779
45.8
146
204
8.5
1.392
0.0532
62.0
68.3%
29.3%
2.5%
vw
All
All
2014
32.7
22.0
30.4
26.1
402
293
348
3841
46.3
140
211
8.4
1.497
0.0540
63.9
61.4%
35.3%
3.3%
vw
All
All
2015
33.8
22.3
31.1
26.6
0
0
339
3852
46.0
134
211
8.3
1.572
0.0543
67.3
59.7%
38.1%
2.2%
vw
All
All
2016
33.8
22.4
31.0
26.6
0
0
334
3894
45.9
130
220
8.0
1.702
0.0560
69.3
54.4%
43.2%
2.3%
vw
All
All
2017
33.6
22.4
30.7
26.5
0
0
335
3894
46.3
127
225
7.9
1.763
0.0569
67.0
53.0%
45.1%
1.9%
vw
All
All
2018
32.2
21.5
28.7
25.1
0
0
353
4052
47.4
141
241
7.7
1.727
0.0589
66.1
40.2%
57.2%
2.7%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
31.7
23.4
29.5
26.1
379
301
340
2750
103.9
98
82
13.3
0.837
0.0298
43.6
3293
4527
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
32.9
24.4
30.0
26.9
364
296
330
2750
103.9
98
88
12.1
0.898
0.0320
45.3
3425
4710
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
31.0
22.3
29.4
25.4
398
301
349
2750
101.3
102
99
11.6
0.970
0.0360
42.7
3147
4328
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
28.9
20.7
27.3
23.7
428
325
376
2750
103.9
111
121
10.5
1.088
0.0441
39.8
3010
4139
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
30.8
21.8
29.1
25.1
407
304
354
2750
103.9
111
121
10.4
1.088
0.0440
42.4
3202
4403
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-133 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
vw
All
All
1997
59.0%
1.2%
39.8%
98.0%
2.0%
9.2%
6.6%
vw
All
All
1998
54.6%
0.8%
44.5%
94.9%
5.1%
34.9%
20.8%
81.2%
18.8%
vw
All
All
1999
39.3%
1.6%
59.0%
97.6%
2.4%
44.5%
25.4%
vw
All
All
2000
46.5%
1.2%
52.4%
94.9%
5.1%
45.1%
18.4%
vw
All
All
2001
44.5%
1.2%
54.3%
95.4%
4.6%
57.6%
27.6%
vw
All
All
2002
30.4%
1.1%
66.8%
1.7%
92.5%
7.5%
61.8%
13.5%
vw
All
All
2003
33.1%
63.5%
3.4%
93.4%
6.6%
64.9%
16.0%
vw
All
All
2004
24.0%
0.6%
72.2%
3.3%
94.2%
5.8%
71.0%
30.5%
vw
All
All
2005
19.7%
0.4%
76.2%
3.7%
90.6%
9.4%
73.8%
32.0%
vw
All
All
2006
20.3%
0.7%
74.9%
4.1%
88.2%
11.8%
87.3%
51.8%
vw
All
All
2007
22.3%
73.1%
4.7%
99.9%
0.1%
99.9%
20.4%
vw
All
All
2008
15.8%
80.0%
4.3%
51.0%
49.0%
0.0%
99.9%
29.5%
vw
All
All
2009
13.7%
1.2%
82.9%
2.1%
55.4%
31.9%
12.7%
100.0%
29.8%
vw
All
All
2010
13.4%
36.2%
47.6%
2.9%
53.3%
27.7%
19.1%
100.0%
82.1%
vw
All
All
2011
12.7%
0.3%
84.2%
2.8%
50.7%
32.2%
17.1%
94.9%
77.6%
0.5%
vw
All
All
2012
12.0%
12.0%
74.7%
1.3%
46.3%
37.9%
15.8%
95.3%
79.5%
0.4%
vw
All
All
2013
8.3%
1.8%
88.1%
1.8%
46.6%
35.5%
17.9%
95.8%
77.9%
1.2%
vw
All
All
2014
7.6%
3.8%
86.8%
1.8%
68.1%
13.0%
18.9%
92.7%
73.9%
0.7%
vw
All
All
2015
7.2%
5.3%
86.4%
1.2%
78.0%
6.5%
14.9%
93.2%
78.4%
0.4%
vw
All
All
2016
6.6%
4.3%
88.4%
0.7%
96.7%
0.4%
1.8%
98.8%
97.0%
1.2%
vw
All
All
2017
7.1%
7.1%
85.8%
92.3%
7.4%
99.7%
99.7%
0.8%
vw
All
All
2018
4.5%
5.7%
89.8%
99.2%
0.6%
99.7%
99.7%
0.8%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
48.1%
51.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
35.8%
64.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
29.3%
70.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
34.6%
65.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-134 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
30.7
21.4
29.4
25.0
415
302
356
2750
104.4
109
125
10.6
1.147
0.0455
42.2
3204
4405
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
30.7
21.3
29.3
24.9
417
304
357
2750
104.4
109
125
10.5
1.147
0.0455
42.2
3207
4409
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
29.8
20.3
28.8
24.2
438
308
368
2750
104.9
109
125
10.1
1.147
0.0455
40.9
3123
4293
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
30.3
20.9
28.1
24.3
421
315
366
2777
105.1
108
118
10.5
1.088
0.0422
41.9
3193
4412
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
29.4
20.2
27.1
23.5
435
326
378
2997
108.0
110
119
11.1
1.087
0.0396
44.1
3200
4764
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
30.1
20.3
28.2
24.0
435
315
370
3005
106.4
113
123
10.7
1.100
0.0409
45.2
3213
4813
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
28.9
19.2
27.4
23.1
456
321
384
3257
111.6
136
140
10.3
1.037
0.0426
47.1
3250
5257
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
29.2
19.3
27.7
23.3
454
317
381
3239
112.7
139
142
10.1
1.042
0.0436
47.3
3329
5341
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
32.4
21.4
30.3
25.7
410
290
346
3135
112.8
129
140
10.1
1.091
0.0443
51.0
3697
5752
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
33.0
21.9
30.4
26.0
401
290
341
3215
117.9
131
146
10.1
1.114
0.0450
53.0
3901
6248
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
33.3
22.1
30.6
26.2
397
288
339
3224
43.0
117.4
130
146
10.1
1.115
0.0448
53.6
3920
6299
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
34.8
23.2
31.5
27.3
380
280
326
3114
42.6
115.5
124
142
10.0
1.143
0.0452
54.2
4026
6258
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
36.1
24.2
32.0
28.1
365
277
316
3040
43.8
114.9
124
151
9.5
1.211
0.0494
54.9
4152
6302
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
36.6
24.4
31.8
28.1
363
278
316
3124
44.4
118.8
126
162
9.1
1.282
0.0513
57.4
4356
6799
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
36.7
24.5
32.2
28.4
360
274
313
3166
45.0
117.6
124
174
8.4
1.406
0.0547
58.7
4337
6873
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
36.9
24.6
32.4
28.5
358
272
312
3191
45.2
117.4
124
175
8.4
1.424
0.0546
59.4
4353
6951
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
35.5
23.4
31.9
27.6
376
277
322
3197
45.5
117.7
124
172
8.6
1.388
0.0533
57.1
4205
6700
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
35.6
23.4
32.1
27.6
0
0
321
3264
46.0
118.2
128
176
8.5
1.382
0.0533
58.7
4253
6914
99.2%
0.8%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
37.6
24.8
33.1
28.9
0
0
307
3154
45.4
119.1
119
162
CO
CO
1.374
0.0512
60.5
4548
7194
99.8%
0.2%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
41.1
27.5
35.9
31.7
0
0
280
3186
45.6
117.5
122
155
CO
CO
1.278
0.0487
68.8
5036
8091
99.9%
0.1%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
40.5
27.1
34.4
30.9
0
0
286
3311
46.1
118.8
124
167
8.6
1.340
0.0498
72.0
5158
8567
92.7%
2.0%
5.2%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1975
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1976
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1977
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1978
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1979
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1980
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1981
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1982
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1983
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1984
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1985
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1986
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1987
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1988
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1989
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1990
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1991
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1992
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1993
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1994
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1995
25.6
18.8
23.5
21.0
471
377
423
3500
122
94
13.2
0.770
0.0269
44.7
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1996
24.9
18.4
22.4
20.3
483
396
438
3500
122
130
11.2
1.066
0.0371
43.5
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1997
23.3
17.5
20.4
18.9
507
436
470
3500
122
130
11.8
1.066
0.0371
40.8
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1998
24.4
17.9
21.7
19.7
495
410
450
3500
122
130
12.2
1.066
0.0371
42.7
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-135 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
23.1%
76.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
25.5%
74.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
26.1%
73.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
24.3%
75.7%
100.0%
100.0%
84.2%
15.8%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
20.0%
80.0%
100.0%
100.0%
82.4%
17.6%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
19.9%
80.1%
100.0%
100.0%
83.2%
16.8%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
13.3%
86.7%
100.0%
100.0%
40.1%
31.2%
57.3%
11.5%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
12.2%
87.8%
100.0%
100.0%
59.4%
19.7%
63.2%
17.1%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
12.9%
87.1%
100.0%
100.0%
95.1%
20.4%
74.7%
4.9%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
7.0%
93.0%
100.0%
100.0%
18.7%
18.7%
78.7%
2.6%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
100.0%
20.7%
77.3%
2.0%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
6.8%
93.2%
100.0%
100.0%
38.8%
26.4%
73.0%
0.6%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
9.2%
90.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
87.8%
12.2%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
7.7%
1.4%
90.9%
26.3%
73.7%
100.0%
100.0%
1.4%
53.2%
46.8%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
5.0%
4.1%
90.8%
52.6%
47.4%
100.0%
100.0%
4.1%
44.2%
55.8%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
4.0%
3.4%
92.7%
70.8%
29.2%
100.0%
100.0%
3.4%
46.8%
53.2%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
3.1%
2.6%
94.3%
84.7%
15.3%
100.0%
100.0%
2.6%
44.0%
50.1%
5.8%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
3.2%
2.3%
94.4%
85.3%
14.5%
99.8%
99.8%
2.2%
35.8%
60.3%
3.9%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
3.9%
3.0%
93.1%
81.8%
17.6%
99.4%
99.4%
1.2%
48.4%
19.5%
32.1%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
2.6%
12.5%
84.9%
65.4%
34.0%
99.5%
99.5%
10.6%
38.9%
38.0%
23.2%
Kia
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
2.5%
18.5%
79.0%
79.2%
20.1%
99.3%
99.3%
14.8%
41.7%
31.2%
27.1%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1975
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1976
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1977
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1978
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1979
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1980
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1981
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1982
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1983
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1984
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1985
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1986
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1987
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1988
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1989
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1990
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1991
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1992
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1993
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1994
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1995
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1997
33.8%
66.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1998
28.7%
71.3%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-136 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1999
24.4
17.8
21.6
19.7
499
411
452
3500
122
130
12.2
1.066
0.0371
42.7
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2000
23.3
17.1
20.4
18.7
520
435
474
3500
122
130
11.7
1.066
0.0371
40.9
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2001
22.9
16.6
20.1
18.4
535
441
484
3500
122
130
11.6
1.066
0.0371
40.1
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2002
23.1
16.7
20.2
18.4
533
440
482
3500
122
130
11.7
1.066
0.0371
40.5
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2003
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2004
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2005
26.2
17.9
23.7
20.8
496
374
427
3851
150
163
10.4
1.097
0.0423
50.4
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2006
26.4
18.0
23.8
20.9
491
372
424
3815
146
161
10.6
1.104
0.0420
50.3
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2007
25.2
17.2
22.9
20.0
511
385
443
3963
169
191
9.9
1.136
0.0474
49.9
63.0%
37.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2008
25.1
17.1
23.0
20.0
514
386
444
4050
46.7
168
197
9.9
1.170
0.0478
50.7
49.7%
50.3%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2009
26.1
18.0
23.1
20.6
488
383
431
3989
47.5
168
196
9.7
1.164
0.0482
51.9
58.7%
41.3%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2010
28.7
20.0
24.6
22.4
444
360
397
3543
46.3
126
143
11.1
1.140
0.0403
50.8
99.7%
0.3%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2011
31.0
20.8
27.7
24.2
426
320
367
3923
46.9
163
202
8.9
1.231
0.0514
60.8
96.1%
3.9%
0.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2012
30.4
20.3
27.5
23.9
437
321
372
3974
46.8
166
211
CO
CO
1.270
0.0528
60.4
73.9%
26.1%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2013
30.3
20.3
27.5
23.8
438
321
373
3978
46.8
167
213
8.7
1.275
0.0534
60.3
72.8%
27.2%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2014
28.6
19.3
25.2
22.2
460
352
400
3999
46.9
162
219
8.6
1.339
0.0545
57.3
67.5%
32.5%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2015
28.7
19.4
25.9
22.6
457
342
393
3970
46.8
162
217
8.6
1.331
0.0544
57.0
69.8%
30.2%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2016
30.5
20.6
27.3
23.9
432
325
371
3884
48.1
142
193
9.0
1.374
0.0499
59.3
75.7%
24.3%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2017
32.0
21.6
28.6
25.1
411
309
354
3767
47.7
144
189
9.0
1.331
0.0504
60.3
84.0%
16.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2018
33.4
22.4
29.1
25.8
396
305
345
3553
46.6
144
187
8.7
1.310
0.0525
59.3
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1975
Kia
Car
All
1976
Kia
Car
All
1977
Kia
Car
All
1978
Kia
Car
All
1979
Kia
Car
All
1980
Kia
Car
All
1981
Kia
Car
All
1982
Kia
Car
All
1983
Kia
Car
All
1984
Kia
Car
All
1985
Kia
Car
All
1986
Kia
Car
All
1987
Kia
Car
All
1988
Kia
Car
All
1989
Kia
Car
All
1990
Kia
Car
All
1991
Kia
Car
All
1992
Kia
Car
All
1993
31.7
23.4
29.5
26.1
379
301
340
2750
98
82
13.3
0.837
0.0298
43.6
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1994
32.9
24.4
30.0
26.9
364
296
330
2750
98
88
12.1
0.898
0.0320
45.3
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1995
30.9
22.2
29.3
25.4
399
302
351
2761
102
99
11.7
0.967
0.0358
42.8
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1996
28.6
20.5
26.9
23.4
431
329
380
2798
112
122
10.5
1.087
0.0436
40.1
93.6%
6.4%
Kia
Car
All
1997
29.1
20.9
27.1
23.7
422
321
374
2882
113
122
10.7
1.084
0.0428
42.1
82.4%
17.6%
Kia
Car
All
1998
29.5
20.8
27.9
24.0
426
315
370
2864
111
126
10.8
1.134
0.0442
42.3
84.8%
15.2%
Kia
Car
All
1999
29.3
20.5
27.5
23.7
430
319
374
2889
111
126
10.9
1.132
0.0439
42.3
81.4%
18.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-137 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Kia
Car
Car SUV
1999
20.2%
79.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2000
18.4%
81.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2001
17.0%
83.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2002
19.2%
80.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2003
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2004
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2005
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2006
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
100.0%
37.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2007
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
100.0%
44.4%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2008
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
100.0%
92.6%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2009
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
63.4%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2010
3.4%
96.6%
100.0%
100.0%
91.9%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2011
2.3%
97.7%
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2012
0.5%
99.5%
36.3%
63.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2013
0.0%
100.0%
35.8%
64.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
Car SUV
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1975
Kia
Car
All
1976
Kia
Car
All
1977
Kia
Car
All
1978
Kia
Car
All
1979
Kia
Car
All
1980
Kia
Car
All
1981
Kia
Car
All
1982
Kia
Car
All
1983
Kia
Car
All
1984
Kia
Car
All
1985
Kia
Car
All
1986
Kia
Car
All
1987
Kia
Car
All
1988
Kia
Car
All
1989
Kia
Car
All
1990
Kia
Car
All
1991
Kia
Car
All
1992
Kia
Car
All
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1994
48.1%
51.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1995
36.8%
63.2%
100.0%
98.5%
Kia
Car
All
1996
33.8%
66.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1997
34.5%
65.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1998
24.0%
76.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
1999
24.5%
75.5%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-138 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Kia
Car
All
2000
27.9
19.4
26.2
22.6
455
332
394
2932
112
126
10.5
1.127
0.0434
40.9
75.8%
24.2%
Kia
Car
All
2001
28.9
20.1
26.5
23.2
435
329
383
2885
110
120
10.7
1.085
0.0415
41.7
85.1%
14.9%
Kia
Car
All
2002
28.4
19.7
25.9
22.7
446
338
392
3064
112
121
11.2
1.084
0.0392
43.6
86.5%
13.5%
Kia
Car
All
2003
30.1
20.3
28.2
24.0
435
315
370
3005
113
123
10.7
1.100
0.0409
45.2
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
2004
28.9
19.2
27.4
23.1
456
321
384
3257
136
140
10.3
1.037
0.0426
47.1
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
2005
28.9
19.1
27.3
23.0
458
322
386
3300
140
144
10.1
1.047
0.0434
47.6
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
2006
31.4
20.8
29.2
24.9
419
300
357
3229
131
143
10.1
1.093
0.0440
50.9
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
2007
30.7
20.6
28.2
24.3
422
308
365
3390
140
156
10.0
1.119
0.0456
52.3
91.3%
8.7%
Kia
Car
All
2008
30.9
20.6
28.3
24.4
420
307
364
3420
43.9
139
158
10.0
1.128
0.0455
52.9
88.1%
11.9%
Kia
Car
All
2009
32.6
21.9
29.3
25.6
398
296
347
3292
43.6
133
153
9.9
1.147
0.0458
53.8
91.6%
CO
Kia
Car
All
2010
35.8
24.1
31.7
27.9
367
279
318
3054
43.8
124
150
9.5
1.209
0.0492
54.8
100.0%
0.0%
Kia
Car
All
2011
34.2
22.9
30.1
26.5
385
292
335
3428
45.4
140
177
9.0
1.263
0.0513
58.7
98.5%
1.5%
0.0%
Kia
Car
All
2012
34.5
23.0
30.6
26.8
380
286
331
3411
45.6
137
185
8.5
1.365
0.0541
59.2
92.1%
7.9%
Kia
Car
All
2013
35.3
23.5
31.2
27.4
373
281
325
3356
45.5
133
183
8.5
1.393
0.0543
59.6
94.3%
5.7%
Kia
Car
All
2014
33.4
22.2
29.8
26.0
395
293
342
3406
45.8
134
184
8.6
1.376
0.0536
57.1
91.6%
CO
Kia
Car
All
2015
34.0
22.5
30.7
26.5
0
0
335
3400
46.2
134
184
8.5
1.372
0.0535
58.3
93.5%
5.8%
0.7%
Kia
Car
All
2016
36.1
23.9
31.9
27.9
0
0
318
3279
45.9
123
168
CO
CO
1.374
0.0510
60.3
95.7%
4.2%
0.1%
Kia
Car
All
2017
38.4
25.8
33.8
29.8
0
0
298
3326
46.1
127
164
8.9
1.291
0.0491
66.7
96.0%
3.8%
0.1%
Kia
Car
All
2018
39.8
26.7
34.0
30.4
0
0
290
3329
46.1
125
168
8.6
1.338
0.0500
71.1
93.3%
1.9%
4.8%
Kia
Truck
Van
1975
Kia
Truck
Van
1976
Kia
Truck
Van
1977
Kia
Truck
Van
1978
Kia
Truck
Van
1979
Kia
Truck
Van
1980
Kia
Truck
Van
1981
Kia
Truck
Van
1982
Kia
Truck
Van
1983
Kia
Truck
Van
1984
Kia
Truck
Van
1985
Kia
Truck
Van
1986
Kia
Truck
Van
1987
Kia
Truck
Van
1988
Kia
Truck
Van
1989
Kia
Truck
Van
1990
Kia
Truck
Van
1991
Kia
Truck
Van
1992
Kia
Truck
Van
1993
Kia
Truck
Van
1994
Kia
Truck
Van
1995
Kia
Truck
Van
1996
Kia
Truck
Van
1997
Kia
Truck
Van
1998
Kia
Truck
Van
1999
Kia
Truck
Van
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-139 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Kia
Car
All
2000
24.3%
75.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
2001
23.2%
76.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
2002
19.9%
80.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Car
All
2003
19.9%
80.1%
100.0%
100.0%
83.2%
16.8%
Kia
Car
All
2004
13.3%
86.7%
100.0%
100.0%
40.1%
31.2%
57.3%
11.5%
Kia
Car
All
2005
11.8%
88.2%
100.0%
100.0%
53.5%
Kia
Car
All
2006
12.3%
87.7%
100.0%
100.0%
87.1%
Kia
Car
All
2007
6.4%
93.6%
100.0%
100.0%
24.8%
Kia
Car
All
2008
7.5%
92.5%
100.0%
100.0%
22.0%
Kia
Car
All
2009
6.0%
94.0%
100.0%
100.0%
43.8%
Kia
Car
All
2010
9.1%
90.9%
100.0%
100.0%
99.8%
Kia
Car
All
2011
5.6%
0.9%
93.5%
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
100.0%
0.9%
Kia
Car
All
2012
3.7%
2.9%
93.5%
47.7%
52.3%
100.0%
100.0%
2.9%
Kia
Car
All
2013
3.2%
2.7%
94.2%
63.4%
36.6%
100.0%
100.0%
2.7%
Kia
Car
All
2014
2.3%
1.9%
95.8%
88.7%
11.3%
100.0%
100.0%
1.9%
Kia
Car
All
2015
2.6%
1.9%
95.5%
88.1%
11.7%
99.9%
99.9%
1.7%
Kia
Car
All
2016
3.2%
2.5%
94.3%
84.9%
14.6%
99.5%
99.5%
1.0%
Kia
Car
All
2017
2.0%
9.5%
88.6%
73.8%
25.8%
99.6%
99.6%
8.0%
Kia
Car
All
2018
2.3%
17.1%
80.6%
80.7%
18.6%
99.3%
99.3%
13.7%
Kia
Truck
Van
1975
Kia
Truck
Van
1976
Kia
Truck
Van
1977
Kia
Truck
Van
1978
Kia
Truck
Van
1979
Kia
Truck
Van
1980
Kia
Truck
Van
1981
Kia
Truck
Van
1982
Kia
Truck
Van
1983
Kia
Truck
Van
1984
Kia
Truck
Van
1985
Kia
Truck
Van
1986
Kia
Truck
Van
1987
Kia
Truck
Van
1988
Kia
Truck
Van
1989
Kia
Truck
Van
1990
Kia
Truck
Van
1991
Kia
Truck
Van
1992
Kia
Truck
Van
1993
Kia
Truck
Van
1994
Kia
Truck
Van
1995
Kia
Truck
Van
1996
Kia
Truck
Van
1997
Kia
Truck
Van
1998
Kia
Truck
Van
1999
Kia
Truck
Van
2000
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-140 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Kia
Truck
Van
2001
Kia
Truck
Van
2002
20.0
14.0
18.7
16.2
635
476
547
5000
213
193
10.8
0.906
0.0386
50.0
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2003
20.0
13.9
18.6
16.2
639
478
549
5000
213
193
10.7
0.906
0.0386
50.0
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2004
21.1
14.1
20.8
17.3
628
427
515
5000
213
195
10.6
0.915
0.0390
52.9
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2005
21.3
14.2
20.7
17.3
625
429
513
5000
213
195
10.6
0.915
0.0390
53.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2006
23.8
15.9
22.7
19.2
559
392
464
4500
231
244
8.7
1.056
0.0542
53.5
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2007
23.8
15.9
22.7
19.2
559
392
464
4500
231
244
CO
CO
1.056
0.0542
53.5
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2008
23.8
15.9
22.7
19.2
559
392
464
4500
54.7
231
244
CO
CO
1.056
0.0542
53.5
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2009
23.8
15.9
22.7
19.2
559
392
464
4500
54.7
231
250
8.5
1.082
0.0556
53.5
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2010
24.7
16.6
23.3
19.8
536
382
448
4500
54.7
232
250
8.6
1.078
0.0556
55.6
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2011
26.8
18.1
24.5
21.3
491
363
418
4500
54.7
214
271
8.0
1.269
0.0602
60.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2012
26.8
18.1
24.5
21.3
491
363
418
4500
54.7
214
271
8.0
1.269
0.0602
60.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2013
Kia
Truck
Van
2014
25.4
17.2
23.4
20.2
518
379
439
4500
54.7
214
269
8.0
1.259
0.0598
57.1
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2015
26.2
17.7
24.0
20.8
501
370
427
4558
57.5
201
276
8.0
1.371
0.0606
59.7
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2016
26.3
17.8
24.1
20.9
500
369
425
4529
57.5
201
276
7.9
1.371
0.0610
59.5
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2017
26.3
17.8
24.3
21.0
500
366
423
4512
57.6
201
276
7.9
1.371
0.0612
59.4
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2018
26.3
17.8
24.1
20.9
500
368
425
4525
57.5
201
276
7.9
1.371
0.0610
59.5
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
24.3
18.1
22.1
19.9
490
401
446
3500
122
110
12.7
0.903
0.0315
42.6
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
23.0
17.2
20.5
18.8
516
433
473
3500
122
130
12.1
1.066
0.0371
40.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
24.0
17.8
21.4
19.5
500
415
455
3500
122
130
12.0
1.066
0.0371
42.0
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
24.4
17.9
21.7
19.7
495
410
450
3500
122
130
12.4
1.066
0.0371
42.7
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
24.4
17.8
21.6
19.7
498
412
452
3500
122
130
12.4
1.066
0.0371
42.7
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
23.6
17.3
20.5
18.9
513
433
470
3500
122
130
11.9
1.066
0.0371
41.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
22.9
16.6
20.2
18.4
535
440
483
3500
122
130
11.7
1.066
0.0371
40.2
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-141 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Kia
Truck
Van
2001
Kia
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2008
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2009
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2013
Kia
Truck
Van
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Van
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
60.7%
39.3%
100.0%
52.1%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
28.9%
71.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
37.2%
62.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
27.6%
72.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
27.3%
72.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
25.2%
74.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.4%
79.6%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-142 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
23.3
16.8
20.3
18.6
528
439
479
3500
122
130
11.9
1.066
0.0371
40.8
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
19.3
13.6
17.8
15.6
655
500
568
4500
213
192
10.2
0.901
0.0427
43.6
53.8%
46.2%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
19.9
14.0
18.0
16.0
635
494
555
4500
213
192
10.2
0.901
0.0427
44.9
52.7%
47.3%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
20.7
14.1
19.5
16.7
628
453
531
4428
206
189
9.9
0.926
0.0427
46.0
53.5%
46.5%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
21.1
14.3
19.8
17.0
615
447
523
4389
201
187
10.1
0.939
0.0427
46.4
53.4%
46.6%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
23.2
16.0
20.9
18.5
553
426
482
4245
194
216
9.5
1.104
0.0503
49.2
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
23.4
16.0
21.3
18.7
553
417
476
4239
46.6
184
208
9.8
1.127
0.0488
49.5
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
24.3
16.7
22.0
19.4
528
404
459
4245
47.6
189
215
9.4
1.129
0.0502
51.7
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
25.7
17.9
22.5
20.3
497
394
438
4000
46.3
164
173
10.6
1.050
0.0431
51.4
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
29.1
19.8
25.8
22.8
447
344
390
4056
46.8
169
212
9.0
1.251
0.0518
58.9
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
29.5
20.0
26.8
23.4
444
331
380
3541
45.6
144
183
9.1
1.279
0.0515
52.2
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
29.5
20.0
26.8
23.4
444
331
380
3542
45.6
144
183
9.1
1.279
0.0515
52.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
28.6
19.4
25.6
22.5
459
347
395
3567
45.6
143
192
CO
CO
1.362
0.0537
50.9
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
28.8
19.5
25.8
22.6
455
345
392
3507
45.7
146
183
9.0
1.256
0.0522
50.5
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
27.6
18.5
25.5
21.9
479
347
405
4225
48.3
180
250
8.2
1.376
0.0587
58.3
40.6%
59.4%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
28.2
19.1
25.4
22.3
462
349
399
4231
48.0
171
234
8.6
1.366
0.0549
59.6
26.4%
73.6%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
28.6
19.4
25.6
22.5
456
346
395
4184
48.3
165
227
8.7
1.380
0.0538
59.9
43.3%
56.7%
Kia
Truck
All
1975
Kia
Truck
All
1976
Kia
Truck
All
1977
Kia
Truck
All
1978
Kia
Truck
All
1979
Kia
Truck
All
1980
Kia
Truck
All
1981
Kia
Truck
All
1982
Kia
Truck
All
1983
Kia
Truck
All
1984
Kia
Truck
All
1985
Kia
Truck
All
1986
Kia
Truck
All
1987
Kia
Truck
All
1988
Kia
Truck
All
1989
Kia
Truck
All
1990
Kia
Truck
All
1991
Kia
Truck
All
1992
Kia
Truck
All
1993
Kia
Truck
All
1994
Kia
Truck
All
1995
24.3
18.1
22.1
19.9
490
401
446
3500
122
110
12.7
0.903
0.0315
42.6
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
1996
23.0
17.2
20.5
18.8
516
433
473
3500
122
130
12.1
1.066
0.0371
40.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
1997
24.0
17.8
21.4
19.5
500
415
455
3500
122
130
12.0
1.066
0.0371
42.0
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
1998
24.4
17.9
21.7
19.7
495
410
450
3500
122
130
12.4
1.066
0.0371
42.7
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
1999
24.4
17.8
21.6
19.7
498
412
452
3500
122
130
12.4
1.066
0.0371
42.7
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2000
23.6
17.3
20.5
18.9
513
433
470
3500
122
130
11.9
1.066
0.0371
41.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2001
22.9
16.6
20.2
18.4
535
440
483
3500
122
130
11.7
1.066
0.0371
40.2
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2002
20.9
14.8
19.1
16.9
598
464
526
4532
185
173
11.1
0.956
0.0381
47.1
68.8%
31.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-143 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
26.0%
74.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
8.2%
91.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
7.5%
92.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
6.9%
93.1%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
100.0%
3.5%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
89.2%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
100.0%
24.7%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
1.4%
98.6%
100.0%
100.0%
1.4%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
100.0%
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
100.0%
8.3%
91.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
100.0%
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
1975
Kia
Truck
All
1976
Kia
Truck
All
1977
Kia
Truck
All
1978
Kia
Truck
All
1979
Kia
Truck
All
1980
Kia
Truck
All
1981
Kia
Truck
All
1982
Kia
Truck
All
1983
Kia
Truck
All
1984
Kia
Truck
All
1985
Kia
Truck
All
1986
Kia
Truck
All
1987
Kia
Truck
All
1988
Kia
Truck
All
1989
Kia
Truck
All
1990
Kia
Truck
All
1991
Kia
Truck
All
1992
Kia
Truck
All
1993
Kia
Truck
All
1994
Kia
Truck
All
1995
60.7%
39.3%
100.0%
52.1%
Kia
Truck
All
1996
28.9%
71.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
1997
37.2%
62.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
1998
27.6%
72.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
1999
27.3%
72.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2000
25.2%
74.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2001
20.4%
79.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2002
8.1%
91.9%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-144 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Kia
Truck
All
2003
19.7
13.8
18.2
15.9
646
488
558
4773
213
193
10.5
0.904
0.0404
47.1
54.6%
24.4%
21.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2004
20.6
14.1
19.4
16.6
632
456
534
4764
213
194
10.4
0.909
0.0407
49.1
52.9%
24.9%
22.3%
Kia
Truck
All
2005
21.0
14.1
20.1
17.0
626
440
522
4733
210
192
10.3
0.920
0.0407
49.9
53.3%
25.0%
21.7%
Kia
Truck
All
2006
22.1
15.0
20.9
17.9
590
422
498
4436
214
211
9.5
0.989
0.0476
49.4
42.2%
30.9%
27.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2007
23.6
15.9
22.1
18.9
557
402
469
4423
220
235
9.0
1.071
0.0530
52.2
69.8%
30.2%
Kia
Truck
All
2008
23.6
15.9
22.1
19.0
556
402
469
4393
51.4
212
229
9.2
1.085
0.0520
51.9
59.1%
40.9%
Kia
Truck
All
2009
24.1
16.4
22.3
19.3
541
399
461
4359
50.8
208
231
9.0
1.108
0.0526
52.5
44.5%
55.5%
Kia
Truck
All
2010
25.0
16.9
23.1
20.0
524
385
445
4362
52.4
213
229
9.1
1.070
0.0521
54.5
72.4%
27.6%
Kia
Truck
All
2011
28.6
19.5
25.5
22.5
455
347
395
4141
48.3
178
223
CO
CO
1.254
0.0534
59.2
19.0%
81.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2012
27.6
18.7
25.2
21.9
475
352
406
4203
51.9
192
244
8.3
1.272
0.0575
57.8
69.0%
31.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2013
29.5
20.0
26.8
23.4
444
331
380
3542
45.6
144
183
9.1
1.279
0.0515
52.3
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2014
26.9
18.2
24.5
21.3
486
362
416
4020
50.0
177
230
8.4
1.312
0.0567
53.9
48.5%
51.5%
Kia
Truck
All
2015
27.2
18.4
24.7
21.5
481
359
412
4124
52.6
179
238
8.4
1.323
0.0571
55.9
58.7%
41.3%
Kia
Truck
All
2016
27.2
18.2
25.1
21.6
485
354
412
4322
51.3
187
258
8.1
1.374
0.0594
58.7
59.5%
40.5%
Kia
Truck
All
2017
27.8
18.8
25.2
22.0
470
352
405
4292
50.0
177
243
8.5
1.367
0.0562
59.6
42.4%
57.6%
Kia
Truck
All
2018
28.1
19.0
25.3
22.2
464
350
401
4252
50.2
172
237
8.5
1.378
0.0553
59.8
54.5%
45.5%
Kia
All
All
1975
Kia
All
All
1976
Kia
All
All
1977
Kia
All
All
1978
Kia
All
All
1979
Kia
All
All
1980
Kia
All
All
1981
Kia
All
All
1982
Kia
All
All
1983
Kia
All
All
1984
Kia
All
All
1985
Kia
All
All
1986
Kia
All
All
1987
Kia
All
All
1988
Kia
All
All
1989
Kia
All
All
1990
Kia
All
All
1991
Kia
All
All
1992
Kia
All
All
1993
31.7
23.4
29.5
26.1
379
301
340
2750
98
82
13.3
0.837
0.0298
43.6
100.0%
Kia
All
All
1994
32.9
24.4
30.0
26.9
364
296
330
2750
98
88
12.1
0.898
0.0320
45.3
100.0%
Kia
All
All
1995
28.3
20.7
26.4
23.3
425
329
382
3006
109
103
12.0
0.946
0.0344
42.7
66.9%
33.1%
Kia
All
All
1996
27.3
19.8
25.4
22.4
445
344
397
2932
114
123
10.8
1.083
0.0424
40.1
75.8%
19.1%
5.1%
Kia
All
All
1997
27.8
20.1
25.6
22.7
437
338
392
3016
115
124
10.9
1.080
0.0415
42.1
64.5%
21.7%
13.8%
Kia
All
All
1998
28.0
20.0
26.0
22.8
441
334
390
3024
114
127
11.2
1.117
0.0424
42.4
63.4%
25.2%
11.4%
Kia
All
All
1999
27.8
19.7
25.6
22.5
446
339
395
3051
114
127
11.3
1.114
0.0421
42.4
59.9%
26.4%
13.7%
Kia
All
All
2000
26.9
18.9
24.8
21.7
466
348
409
3048
114
127
10.8
1.115
0.0422
41.0
60.3%
20.4%
19.3%
Kia
All
All
2001
27.9
19.5
25.4
22.4
447
341
397
2972
112
121
10.8
1.082
0.0409
41.5
73.0%
14.2%
12.8%
Kia
All
All
2002
25.7
18.0
23.5
20.7
481
366
430
3483
132
136
11.2
1.048
0.0389
44.6
81.5%
8.9%
9.6%
Kia
All
All
2003
24.8
17.0
23.1
19.9
501
368
446
3721
153
151
10.6
1.021
0.0407
45.9
81.6%
9.9%
8.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-145 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Kia
Truck
All
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2004
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2005
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2006
4.0%
96.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.6%
Kia
Truck
All
2007
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
100.0%
1.1%
Kia
Truck
All
2008
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
100.0%
36.5%
Kia
Truck
All
2009
1.1%
98.9%
100.0%
100.0%
13.7%
Kia
Truck
All
2010
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
72.8%
Kia
Truck
All
2011
100.0%
1.8%
98.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2012
100.0%
2.6%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2013
100.0%
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2014
100.0%
51.5%
48.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
Truck
All
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
1975
Kia
All
All
1976
Kia
All
All
1977
Kia
All
All
1978
Kia
All
All
1979
Kia
All
All
1980
Kia
All
All
1981
Kia
All
All
1982
Kia
All
All
1983
Kia
All
All
1984
Kia
All
All
1985
Kia
All
All
1986
Kia
All
All
1987
Kia
All
All
1988
Kia
All
All
1989
Kia
All
All
1990
Kia
All
All
1991
Kia
All
All
1992
Kia
All
All
1993
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
1994
48.1%
51.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
1995
44.7%
55.3%
100.0%
83.1%
Kia
All
All
1996
32.9%
67.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
1997
35.1%
64.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
1998
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
1999
25.3%
74.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
2000
24.4%
75.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
2001
22.8%
77.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
2002
16.5%
83.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Kia
All
All
2003
11.8%
88.2%
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-146 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Kia
All
All
2004
25.1
16.9
23.7
20.2
509
361
440
3822
165
160
10.3
0.989
0.0419
47.8
82.3%
9.3%
CO
Kia
All
All
2005
24.4
16.3
23.2
19.6
528
371
453
4005
174
168
10.2
0.985
0.0421
48.7
77.0%
12.3%
10.7%
Kia
All
All
2006
27.0
18.1
25.3
21.6
472
338
412
3698
163
169
9.9
1.052
0.0454
50.3
77.5%
12.0%
10.5%
Kia
All
All
2007
28.3
19.0
26.1
22.5
454
330
395
3686
163
179
9.7
1.105
0.0477
52.3
85.2%
8.6%
6.2%
Kia
All
All
2008
28.8
19.3
26.6
22.9
445
325
388
3647
45.7
156
175
9.9
1.118
0.0470
52.7
81.3%
9.6%
9.1%
Kia
All
All
2009
30.7
20.7
27.8
24.2
417
311
367
3481
44.9
146
167
9.7
1.140
0.0470
53.5
83.2%
9.8%
6.9%
Kia
All
All
2010
34.5
23.2
30.7
27.0
377
286
330
3169
44.6
132
157
9.5
1.197
0.0494
54.8
97.6%
2.4%
0.0%
Kia
All
All
2011
33.0
22.1
29.1
25.6
396
302
347
3563
45.9
147
186
9.0
1.261
0.0517
58.8
83.4%
16.6%
0.0%
Kia
All
All
2012
33.7
22.5
30.0
26.2
388
292
339
3490
46.2
142
191
8.5
1.356
0.0544
59.1
89.8%
10.2%
Kia
All
All
2013
35.1
23.4
31.1
27.2
374
282
326
3361
45.5
133
183
8.5
1.390
0.0542
59.4
91.7%
8.3%
Kia
All
All
2014
33.0
21.9
29.5
25.7
399
296
346
3438
46.1
136
187
8.6
1.372
0.0538
57.0
89.3%
10.7%
Kia
All
All
2015
33.4
22.1
30.1
26.1
0
0
341
3453
46.7
138
187
8.5
1.369
0.0538
58.2
91.0%
CO
0.6%
Kia
All
All
2016
33.7
22.4
30.1
26.2
0
0
338
3508
47.1
137
187
8.7
1.374
0.0528
60.0
87.8%
12.1%
0.1%
Kia
All
All
2017
34.7
23.4
30.9
27.2
0
0
327
3592
47.2
141
186
CO
CO
1.312
0.0511
64.8
81.2%
18.7%
0.1%
Kia
All
All
2018
35.9
24.2
31.2
27.7
0
0
319
3568
47.2
137
186
8.6
1.348
0.0514
68.2
83.2%
13.2%
3.6%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
17.3
13.5
16.5
14.7
632
535
624
3934
205
124
0.587
0.0306
36.2
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
18.6
14.7
17.6
15.9
597
519
590
3924
196
110
0.550
0.0277
39.0
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
19.2
15.4
17.5
16.3
572
517
573
3931
101.0
199
117
0.571
0.0291
40.1
2119
4100
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
18.7
14.7
17.6
15.9
594
518
589
3971
95.9
208
128
15.5
0.606
0.0319
39.8
1979
3884
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
20.5
16.4
18.9
17.4
538
491
548
3950
97.0
203
119
16.6
0.569
0.0296
43.7
2236
4359
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
23.9
19.5
21.4
20.3
491
451
480
3781
98.0
195
102
17.8
0.512
0.0266
46.4
2462
4632
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
25.6
21.1
22.5
21.7
454
432
451
3747
97.5
184
103
17.4
0.551
0.0272
49.3
2625
4901
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
26.3
21.5
23.3
22.3
447
417
440
3890
99.2
185
115
17.5
0.613
0.0294
52.6
2745
5328
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
26.4
21.4
23.9
22.4
433
389
417
3478
106.5
167
107
15.7
0.638
0.0308
46.7
2878
4973
47.8%
52.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
26.0
20.9
23.8
22.1
433
379
415
3330
106.8
166
114
14.5
0.694
0.0343
44.0
2847
4692
54.4%
45.6%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
23.1
18.6
21.1
19.6
491
432
474
3700
97.8
195
134
13.4
0.703
0.0364
43.8
2351
4325
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
21.1
16.6
19.8
17.9
526
440
500
3686
99.3
226
180
10.5
0.830
0.0484
39.5
2183
3965
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
22.0
17.3
20.5
18.6
511
433
489
3648
101.0
218
176
10.7
0.839
0.0481
41.3
2342
4223
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
21.1
16.3
19.7
17.8
530
440
500
3650
98.3
218
182
10.6
0.875
0.0496
38.9
2152
3863
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
21.2
16.4
19.8
17.8
532
441
499
3743
101.5
215
186
10.2
0.901
0.0495
40.2
2212
4105
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
21.2
16.1
20.1
17.8
546
438
501
3829
102.5
204
190
9.6
0.952
0.0493
41.0
2215
4191
0.9%
99.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
22.2
16.5
21.3
18.6
531
412
483
3836
99.4
204
188
9.9
0.937
0.0484
43.1
2274
4292
1.6%
98.4%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
21.8
16.1
21.0
18.2
542
415
492
3996
103.5
206
213
9.3
1.023
0.0524
43.9
2315
4552
3.3%
96.7%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
22.7
16.7
21.9
18.9
519
397
470
4147
106.2
206
216
8.7
1.043
0.0515
47.4
2456
5048
1.1%
98.9%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
23.6
17.1
22.8
19.6
513
384
455
4099
103.9
210
228
8.2
1.095
0.0555
48.5
2492
5063
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
24.5
17.7
23.7
20.3
495
372
440
4082
104.7
203
218
CO
CO
1.080
0.0529
50.6
2633
5313
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
25.2
17.8
24.7
20.8
492
358
429
4016
104.7
194
200
9.6
1.027
0.0489
50.9
2689
5346
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
25.0
17.4
24.9
20.6
504
355
432
4014
105.9
208
225
8.5
1.082
0.0556
50.4
2688
5355
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
27.0
18.8
26.5
22.2
467
332
402
3878
97.9
191
213
8.9
1.124
0.0544
52.8
2697
5209
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
26.3
18.2
25.6
21.5
486
345
415
3880
98.3
197
223
8.5
1.150
0.0574
51.2
2615
5074
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
24.9
17.2
24.2
20.4
511
363
436
4018
105.2
221
242
7.8
1.122
0.0600
50.3
2645
5309
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
24.9
17.0
24.1
20.3
518
367
439
3941
101.2
223
241
7.7
1.092
0.0608
49.1
2517
4989
6.6%
93.4%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
24.6
16.8
23.5
20.0
524
377
445
3887
102.2
208
229
8.1
1.122
0.0586
47.9
2524
4913
5.6%
94.4%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
24.4
16.6
23.3
19.8
529
377
450
3920
97.8
220
248
7.7
1.161
0.0626
48.3
2432
4752
2.8%
97.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
24.5
16.5
23.3
19.8
529
375
450
3949
100.7
213
243
7.8
1.186
0.0610
48.8
2518
4951
18.5%
81.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-147 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Kia
All
All
2004
9.8%
90.2%
100.0%
100.0%
25.1%
Kia
All
All
2005
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%
100.0%
27.2%
Kia
All
All
2006
9.1%
90.9%
100.0%
100.0%
53.5%
Kia
All
All
2007
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
100.0%
18.0%
Kia
All
All
2008
6.0%
94.0%
100.0%
100.0%
25.4%
Kia
All
All
2009
5.1%
94.9%
100.0%
100.0%
38.5%
Kia
All
All
2010
8.3%
91.7%
100.0%
100.0%
97.4%
Kia
All
All
2011
4.6%
0.7%
94.7%
13.9%
86.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.7%
Kia
All
All
2012
3.3%
2.6%
94.1%
43.2%
56.8%
100.0%
100.0%
2.6%
Kia
All
All
2013
3.1%
2.6%
94.3%
62.0%
38.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.6%
Kia
All
All
2014
2.1%
1.8%
96.0%
86.7%
13.3%
100.0%
100.0%
1.8%
Kia
All
All
2015
2.4%
1.8%
95.8%
89.0%
10.9%
99.9%
99.9%
1.6%
Kia
All
All
2016
2.5%
1.9%
95.5%
88.2%
11.4%
99.6%
99.6%
0.7%
Kia
All
All
2017
1.4%
6.9%
91.7%
81.0%
18.7%
99.7%
99.7%
5.8%
Kia
All
All
2018
1.7%
12.7%
85.6%
85.7%
13.8%
99.5%
99.5%
10.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
9.5%
90.5%
26.9%
38.4%
34.7%
76.1%
23.9%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
5.3%
94.7%
23.6%
26.9%
49.5%
89.3%
10.7%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
9.6%
90.4%
2.7%
48.1%
49.2%
87.1%
12.9%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
6.3%
93.7%
1.2%
48.9%
50.0%
88.8%
11.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
8.1%
91.9%
34.7%
65.3%
85.4%
14.6%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
9.2%
90.8%
25.3%
74.7%
89.0%
11.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
10.5%
89.5%
23.1%
76.9%
92.3%
7.7%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
9.0%
91.0%
20.4%
79.6%
89.9%
10.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
3.6%
96.4%
28.9%
11.7%
18.9%
40.5%
46.5%
53.5%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
2.8%
97.2%
33.1%
29.2%
12.7%
25.0%
42.0%
58.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
3.2%
96.8%
61.1%
38.9%
86.7%
13.3%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
3.9%
96.1%
92.2%
7.8%
1.5%
66.7%
33.3%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
1.2%
98.8%
79.0%
21.0%
0.9%
66.8%
33.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
0.5%
99.5%
99.2%
0.8%
72.8%
27.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
0.4%
99.6%
99.6%
0.4%
73.9%
26.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
0.6%
99.4%
96.5%
3.5%
13.2%
72.7%
27.3%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
2.8%
97.2%
91.8%
8.2%
15.9%
76.3%
23.7%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
0.4%
99.6%
93.9%
6.1%
35.9%
31.4%
72.9%
3.6%
23.5%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
65.6%
27.6%
70.4%
2.4%
27.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
100.0%
98.8%
1.2%
98.8%
27.8%
77.8%
4.3%
17.9%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
100.0%
94.4%
5.6%
99.6%
23.9%
75.4%
4.6%
20.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
83.5%
16.5%
95.7%
4.3%
100.0%
17.1%
49.2%
30.6%
20.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
100.0%
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
32.2%
36.1%
49.1%
14.8%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
100.0%
97.0%
3.0%
100.0%
16.0%
54.1%
37.8%
8.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
1.8%
98.2%
96.7%
3.3%
100.0%
9.5%
53.9%
37.6%
8.5%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
39.5%
32.1%
28.5%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
100.0%
4.4%
46.7%
32.4%
20.9%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
13.1%
65.1%
18.5%
16.4%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
0.7%
99.3%
100.0%
100.0%
10.8%
59.5%
30.0%
10.5%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
100.0%
16.3%
59.1%
30.1%
10.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-148 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
25.0
16.8
23.6
20.1
524
375
444
3869
97.3
201
239
7.8
1.258
0.0613
48.9
2489
4808
18.0%
82.0%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
24.0
16.1
22.9
19.4
547
385
460
4159
111.8
225
267
7.2
1.207
0.0645
50.4
2713
5699
24.2%
75.8%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
23.2
15.5
22.4
18.8
569
395
474
4272
108.5
241
295
7.0
1.237
0.0686
49.8
2532
5449
24.8%
75.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
25.3
16.8
24.0
20.3
498
357
439
3998
45.8
101.6
219
268
7.6
1.226
0.0652
50.7
2579
5188
28.9%
71.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
25.6
17.0
24.4
20.6
491
351
432
3930
44.6
95.1
212
261
7.5
1.229
0.0645
50.6
2464
4845
27.8%
72.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
24.8
16.5
23.7
20.0
526
370
445
4145
47.6
104.7
222
273
7.2
1.235
0.0653
51.6
2608
5410
38.1%
61.9%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
25.3
16.9
24.1
20.3
0
0
437
4141
46.3
102.8
219
270
7.3
1.239
0.0645
52.8
2628
5439
0.0%
39.1%
60.9%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
28.6
18.8
27.2
22.8
0
0
391
4049
46.5
99.7
191
277
7.1
1.489
0.0671
58.3
2886
5864
0.0%
34.9%
65.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
30.2
19.8
28.5
24.0
0
0
371
3915
45.3
95.6
185
266
7.3
1.485
0.0661
59.5
2925
5734
33.7%
66.3%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
31.4
20.7
29.2
24.8
0
0
358
4055
46.6
101.3
188
276
7.0
1.526
0.0667
65.5
3301
6648
12.7%
35.5%
51.8%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
32.9
21.7
29.8
25.7
0
0
345
3967
47.3
102.7
165
276
7.0
1.746
0.0677
66.9
3500
6872
13.2%
46.4%
40.4%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
33.0
21.9
29.7
25.7
0
0
345
3952
47.3
102.5
165
274
6.9
1.727
0.0681
66.4
3479
6824
10.9%
42.5%
46.6%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
32.9
21.9
30.1
25.9
0
0
342
4070
48.6
101.6
148
278
6.7
1.917
0.0673
68.7
3452
7001
4.2%
44.6%
51.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
32.7
21.6
29.8
25.6
0
0
347
4084
48.3
102.8
146
282
6.5
1.932
0.0683
67.6
3424
6952
11.5%
49.8%
38.7%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1975
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1976
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1977
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1978
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1979
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1980
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1981
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1982
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1983
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1984
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1985
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1986
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1987
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1988
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1989
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1990
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1991
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1992
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1993
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1994
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1995
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1996
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1997
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1998
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1999
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2000
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2001
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2002
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2003
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2004
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2005
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-149 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
0.6%
99.4%
96.1%
3.9%
100.0%
33.2%
69.2%
24.2%
6.6%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
1.1%
98.9%
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
69.2%
54.5%
29.4%
16.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
0.6%
99.4%
98.0%
2.0%
100.0%
38.4%
46.4%
26.4%
27.3%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
0.2%
9.9%
89.9%
97.9%
2.1%
100.0%
27.3%
63.5%
19.6%
16.8%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
0.1%
10.4%
89.5%
98.9%
1.1%
100.0%
57.5%
76.4%
13.8%
9.8%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
0.3%
2.3%
97.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
51.5%
37.6%
10.9%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
0.2%
2.3%
97.5%
0.8%
96.7%
2.2%
99.6%
99.5%
0.2%
56.0%
37.8%
6.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
0.0%
3.1%
96.9%
74.2%
23.8%
2.0%
100.0%
97.9%
0.0%
69.5%
23.4%
7.1%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
0.1%
7.3%
92.6%
91.6%
7.0%
0.9%
99.5%
98.6%
0.2%
73.8%
19.7%
6.6%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
0.0%
3.4%
96.5%
94.4%
3.0%
1.3%
98.6%
97.4%
0.1%
61.3%
33.2%
5.5%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
0.0%
5.0%
95.0%
94.0%
4.0%
0.6%
98.6%
98.1%
0.1%
70.2%
15.5%
14.3%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
0.4%
3.7%
95.9%
98.1%
0.7%
0.5%
99.4%
98.8%
0.4%
67.0%
25.5%
7.5%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
0.0%
2.0%
97.9%
98.9%
0.3%
99.1%
99.1%
0.7%
61.7%
32.2%
6.2%
Mercedes
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
0.4%
99.6%
99.5%
0.2%
99.6%
99.6%
0.9%
67.0%
25.3%
7.7%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1975
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1976
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1977
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1978
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1979
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1980
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1981
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1982
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1983
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1984
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1985
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1986
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1987
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1988
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1989
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1990
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1991
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1992
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1993
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1994
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1995
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1996
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1997
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1998
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
1999
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2000
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2001
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2002
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2003
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2004
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2005
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-150 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2006
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2007
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2008
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2009
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2010
23.8
16.1
22.1
19.1
551
401
466
4500
46.8
213
268
7.6
1.258
0.0596
53.6
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2011
23.5
15.9
22.0
18.9
557
405
470
4000
46.9
213
268
7.1
1.258
0.0670
47.0
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2012
23.5
16.1
21.9
19.0
551
405
468
4157
47.0
213
268
7.2
1.255
0.0647
48.9
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2013
28.1
19.2
24.8
22.0
464
359
404
4500
46.9
213
302
7.0
1.415
0.0671
63.2
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2014
27.8
18.8
25.4
22.1
472
350
402
4500
47.0
213
302
7.0
1.415
0.0671
62.7
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2015
27.8
18.8
25.4
22.1
472
350
402
4500
47.0
213
302
7.0
1.415
0.0671
62.7
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2016
32.3
21.8
28.4
25.1
409
313
354
4000
49.8
121
241
7.0
1.984
0.0603
64.5
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2017
33.3
22.3
30.0
26.1
397
295
340
3843
48.3
121
231
7.2
1.898
0.0600
64.0
31.4%
68.6%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2018
33.7
22.5
29.9
26.2
394
296
339
3825
48.1
121
229
7.2
1.889
0.0600
64.5
34.9%
65.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
1975
17.3
13.5
16.5
14.7
632
535
624
3934
205
124
0.587
0.0306
36.2
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1976
18.6
14.7
17.6
15.9
597
519
590
3924
196
110
0.550
0.0277
39.0
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1977
19.2
15.4
17.5
16.3
572
517
573
3931
199
117
0.571
0.0291
40.1
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1978
18.7
14.7
17.6
15.9
594
518
589
3971
208
128
15.5
0.606
0.0319
39.8
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1979
20.5
16.4
18.9
17.4
538
491
548
3950
203
119
16.6
0.569
0.0296
43.7
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1980
23.9
19.5
21.4
20.3
491
451
480
3781
195
102
17.8
0.512
0.0266
46.4
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1981
25.6
21.1
22.5
21.7
454
432
451
3747
184
103
17.4
0.551
0.0272
49.3
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1982
26.3
21.5
23.3
22.3
447
417
440
3890
185
115
17.5
0.613
0.0294
52.6
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1983
26.4
21.4
23.9
22.4
433
389
417
3478
167
107
15.7
0.638
0.0308
46.7
47.8%
52.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
1984
26.0
20.9
23.8
22.1
433
379
415
3330
166
114
14.5
0.694
0.0343
44.0
54.4%
45.6%
Mercedes
Car
All
1985
23.1
18.6
21.1
19.6
491
432
474
3700
195
134
13.4
0.703
0.0364
43.8
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1986
21.1
16.6
19.8
17.9
526
440
500
3686
226
180
10.5
0.830
0.0484
39.5
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1987
22.0
17.3
20.5
18.6
511
433
489
3648
218
176
10.7
0.839
0.0481
41.3
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1988
21.1
16.3
19.7
17.8
530
440
500
3650
218
182
10.6
0.875
0.0496
38.9
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1989
21.2
16.4
19.8
17.8
532
441
499
3743
215
186
10.2
0.901
0.0495
40.2
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1990
21.2
16.1
20.1
17.8
546
438
501
3829
204
190
9.6
0.952
0.0493
41.0
0.9%
99.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
1991
22.2
16.5
21.3
18.6
531
412
483
3836
204
188
9.9
0.937
0.0484
43.1
1.6%
98.4%
Mercedes
Car
All
1992
21.8
16.1
21.0
18.2
542
415
492
3996
206
213
9.3
1.023
0.0524
43.9
3.3%
96.7%
Mercedes
Car
All
1993
22.7
16.7
21.9
18.9
519
397
470
4147
206
216
8.7
1.043
0.0515
47.4
1.1%
98.9%
Mercedes
Car
All
1994
23.6
17.1
22.8
19.6
513
384
455
4099
210
228
8.2
1.095
0.0555
48.5
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1995
24.5
17.7
23.7
20.3
495
372
440
4082
203
218
CO
CO
1.080
0.0529
50.6
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1996
25.2
17.8
24.7
20.8
492
358
429
4016
194
200
9.6
1.027
0.0489
50.9
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1997
25.0
17.4
24.9
20.6
504
355
432
4014
208
225
8.5
1.082
0.0556
50.4
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1998
27.0
18.8
26.5
22.2
467
332
402
3878
191
213
8.9
1.124
0.0544
52.8
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1999
26.3
18.2
25.6
21.5
486
345
415
3880
197
223
8.5
1.150
0.0574
51.2
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
2000
24.9
17.2
24.2
20.4
511
363
436
4018
221
242
7.8
1.122
0.0600
50.3
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
2001
24.9
17.0
24.1
20.3
518
367
439
3941
223
241
7.7
1.092
0.0608
49.1
6.6%
93.4%
Mercedes
Car
All
2002
24.6
16.8
23.5
20.0
524
377
445
3887
208
229
8.1
1.122
0.0586
47.9
5.6%
94.4%
Mercedes
Car
All
2003
24.4
16.6
23.3
19.8
529
377
450
3920
220
248
7.7
1.161
0.0626
48.3
2.8%
97.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
2004
24.5
16.5
23.3
19.8
529
375
450
3949
213
243
7.8
1.186
0.0610
48.8
18.5%
81.5%
Mercedes
Car
All
2005
25.0
16.8
23.6
20.1
524
375
444
3869
201
239
7.8
1.258
0.0613
48.9
18.0%
82.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
2006
24.0
16.1
22.9
19.4
547
385
460
4159
225
267
7.2
1.207
0.0645
50.4
24.2%
75.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-151 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2006
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2007
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2008
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2009
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2010
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2011
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2012
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2013
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2014
100.0%
35.8%
64.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
Car SUV
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1975
9.5%
90.5%
26.9%
38.4%
34.7%
76.1%
23.9%
Mercedes
Car
All
1976
5.3%
94.7%
23.6%
26.9%
49.5%
89.3%
10.7%
Mercedes
Car
All
1977
9.6%
90.4%
2.7%
48.1%
49.2%
87.1%
12.9%
Mercedes
Car
All
1978
6.3%
93.7%
1.2%
48.9%
50.0%
88.8%
11.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
1979
8.1%
91.9%
34.7%
65.3%
85.4%
14.6%
Mercedes
Car
All
1980
9.2%
90.8%
25.3%
74.7%
89.0%
11.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1981
10.5%
89.5%
23.1%
76.9%
92.3%
7.7%
Mercedes
Car
All
1982
9.0%
91.0%
20.4%
79.6%
89.9%
10.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
1983
3.6%
96.4%
28.9%
11.7%
18.9%
40.5%
46.5%
53.5%
Mercedes
Car
All
1984
2.8%
97.2%
33.1%
29.2%
12.7%
25.0%
42.0%
58.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1985
3.2%
96.8%
61.1%
38.9%
86.7%
13.3%
Mercedes
Car
All
1986
3.9%
96.1%
92.2%
7.8%
1.5%
66.7%
33.3%
Mercedes
Car
All
1987
1.2%
98.8%
79.0%
21.0%
0.9%
66.8%
33.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
1988
0.5%
99.5%
99.2%
0.8%
72.8%
27.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
1989
0.4%
99.6%
99.6%
0.4%
73.9%
26.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
1990
0.6%
99.4%
96.5%
3.5%
13.2%
72.7%
27.3%
Mercedes
Car
All
1991
2.8%
97.2%
91.8%
8.2%
15.9%
76.3%
23.7%
Mercedes
Car
All
1992
0.4%
99.6%
93.9%
6.1%
35.9%
31.4%
72.9%
3.6%
23.5%
Mercedes
Car
All
1993
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
65.6%
27.6%
70.4%
2.4%
27.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
1994
100.0%
98.8%
1.2%
98.8%
27.8%
77.8%
4.3%
17.9%
Mercedes
Car
All
1995
100.0%
94.4%
5.6%
99.6%
23.9%
75.4%
4.6%
20.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
1996
83.5%
16.5%
95.7%
4.3%
100.0%
17.1%
49.2%
30.6%
20.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
1997
100.0%
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
32.2%
36.1%
49.1%
14.8%
Mercedes
Car
All
1998
100.0%
97.0%
3.0%
100.0%
16.0%
54.1%
37.8%
8.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
1999
1.8%
98.2%
96.7%
3.3%
100.0%
9.5%
53.9%
37.6%
8.5%
Mercedes
Car
All
2000
0.5%
99.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
39.5%
32.1%
28.5%
Mercedes
Car
All
2001
2.2%
97.8%
100.0%
100.0%
4.4%
46.7%
32.4%
20.9%
Mercedes
Car
All
2002
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
13.1%
65.1%
18.5%
16.4%
Mercedes
Car
All
2003
0.7%
99.3%
100.0%
100.0%
10.8%
59.5%
30.0%
10.5%
Mercedes
Car
All
2004
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
100.0%
16.3%
59.1%
30.1%
10.8%
Mercedes
Car
All
2005
0.6%
99.4%
96.1%
3.9%
100.0%
33.2%
69.2%
24.2%
6.6%
Mercedes
Car
All
2006
1.1%
98.9%
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
69.2%
54.5%
29.4%
16.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-152 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mercedes
Car
All
2007
23.2
15.5
22.4
18.8
569
395
474
4272
241
295
7.0
1.237
0.0686
49.8
24.8%
75.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
2008
25.3
16.8
24.0
20.3
498
357
439
3998
45.8
219
268
7.6
1.226
0.0652
50.7
28.9%
71.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
2009
25.6
17.0
24.4
20.6
491
351
432
3930
44.6
212
261
7.5
1.229
0.0645
50.6
27.8%
72.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
2010
24.7
16.5
23.6
19.9
528
372
446
4170
47.6
222
273
7.2
1.237
0.0648
51.8
35.4%
64.6%
Mercedes
Car
All
2011
25.2
16.8
23.9
20.3
0
0
439
4133
46.3
218
270
7.2
1.240
0.0646
52.4
0.0%
36.9%
63.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
2012
28.2
18.6
26.8
22.5
0
0
396
4057
46.5
192
276
7.1
1.474
0.0669
57.6
0.0%
32.6%
67.4%
Mercedes
Car
All
2013
30.1
19.8
28.2
23.8
0
0
373
3952
45.4
187
269
7.3
1.481
0.0662
59.7
31.6%
68.4%
Mercedes
Car
All
2014
31.2
20.6
28.9
24.6
0
0
360
4079
46.6
189
277
7.0
1.520
0.0667
65.3
12.0%
33.5%
54.4%
Mercedes
Car
All
2015
32.5
21.5
29.5
25.4
0
0
349
4005
47.3
168
278
7.0
1.722
0.0677
66.6
12.2%
43.1%
44.6%
Mercedes
Car
All
2016
32.9
21.8
29.6
25.7
0
0
346
3956
47.5
162
271
6.9
1.746
0.0675
66.3
10.1%
39.3%
50.6%
Mercedes
Car
All
2017
32.9
21.9
30.1
25.9
0
0
342
4043
48.5
145
272
6.7
1.915
0.0664
68.1
7.5%
39.2%
53.3%
Mercedes
Car
All
2018
32.8
21.7
29.8
25.7
0
0
346
4044
48.3
142
274
6.6
1.925
0.0670
67.1
15.1%
42.1%
42.8%
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1975
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1976
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1977
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1978
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1979
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1980
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1981
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1982
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1983
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1984
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1985
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1986
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1987
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1988
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1989
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1990
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1991
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1992
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1993
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1994
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1995
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1996
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1997
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1998
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1999
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2000
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2001
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2002
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2003
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2004
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2005
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2006
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2007
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-153 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mercedes
Car
All
2007
0.6%
99.4%
98.0%
2.0%
100.0%
38.4%
46.4%
26.4%
27.3%
Mercedes
Car
All
2008
0.2%
9.9%
89.9%
97.9%
2.1%
100.0%
27.3%
63.5%
19.6%
16.8%
Mercedes
Car
All
2009
0.1%
10.4%
89.5%
98.9%
1.1%
100.0%
57.5%
76.4%
13.8%
9.8%
Mercedes
Car
All
2010
0.3%
2.1%
97.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
2011
0.1%
2.2%
97.7%
0.7%
96.9%
2.1%
99.7%
99.6%
0.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
2012
0.0%
2.9%
97.1%
69.2%
28.9%
1.9%
100.0%
98.0%
0.0%
Mercedes
Car
All
2013
0.1%
6.8%
93.1%
92.1%
6.6%
0.9%
99.6%
98.7%
0.2%
Mercedes
Car
All
2014
0.0%
3.2%
96.7%
91.2%
6.3%
1.2%
98.7%
97.5%
0.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
2015
0.0%
4.6%
95.3%
94.5%
3.7%
0.5%
98.7%
98.2%
0.1%
Mercedes
Car
All
2016
0.3%
3.4%
96.2%
98.2%
0.7%
0.5%
99.4%
98.9%
0.4%
Mercedes
Car
All
2017
0.0%
1.8%
98.2%
99.0%
0.2%
99.2%
99.2%
0.6%
Mercedes
Car
All
2018
0.3%
99.7%
99.5%
0.1%
99.7%
99.7%
0.8%
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1975
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1976
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1977
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1978
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1979
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1980
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1981
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1982
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1983
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1984
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1985
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1986
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1987
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1988
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1989
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1990
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1991
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1992
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1993
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1994
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1995
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1996
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1997
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1998
Mercedes
Truck
Van
1999
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2000
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2001
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2002
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2003
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2004
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2005
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2006
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2007
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-154 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2008
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2009
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2010
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2011
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2012
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2013
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2014
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2015
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2016
29.8
20.8
23.8
22.4
428
373
397
4734
57.2
121
208
9.3
1.712
0.0441
70.5
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2017
29.9
20.8
23.9
22.5
426
372
396
4702
57.2
121
208
9.3
1.712
0.0444
70.2
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2018
28.8
19.9
23.6
21.9
445
376
406
4713
57.7
121
208
9.3
1.712
0.0443
67.9
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
21.3
15.4
19.8
17.4
579
448
510
4500
195
215
9.8
1.103
0.0478
48.0
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
20.3
14.7
18.6
16.6
605
476
537
5000
216
232
9.9
1.080
0.0464
50.9
31.6%
68.4%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
20.4
14.8
18.5
16.6
601
480
536
5500
214
231
10.0
1.084
0.0419
56.3
25.2%
74.8%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.8
14.8
19.0
16.8
600
468
528
5500
214
231
10.0
1.085
0.0420
57.2
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
19.1
13.7
17.0
15.4
646
522
579
5000
227
237
9.5
1.059
0.0475
47.8
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
18.8
13.5
16.6
15.1
657
534
590
5138
239
243
9.3
1.024
0.0472
48.3
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
18.8
13.5
16.4
15.0
659
539
593
5535
245
246
9.6
1.007
0.0444
52.0
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
18.7
13.3
16.4
14.9
665
542
596
5048
247
252
9.0
1.018
0.0497
47.3
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
20.9
14.4
19.2
16.8
614
461
529
5005
233
276
8.0
1.201
0.0551
52.7
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
20.2
14.0
18.4
16.2
637
484
554
5290
252
303
7.9
1.204
0.0570
53.9
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
20.8
14.3
19.0
16.6
628
474
544
5478
52.5
248
298
8.3
1.208
0.0543
57.4
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-155 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2008
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2009
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2010
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2011
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2012
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2013
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2014
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2015
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Van
2018
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
77.8%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
100.0%
91.5%
8.5%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
100.0%
83.3%
16.7%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-156 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
20.8
14.3
19.0
16.7
627
472
542
5385
52.2
244
295
8.1
1.215
0.0547
56.4
94.5%
5.5%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
21.4
14.7
19.6
17.2
604
455
522
5121
50.7
232
284
8.0
1.231
0.0557
55.1
90.3%
9.7%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
21.1
14.6
19.3
17.0
612
463
531
5302
51.9
236
288
8.1
1.222
0.0544
56.4
61.6%
38.4%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
23.1
15.9
20.8
18.4
560
430
494
5287
51.9
228
295
8.1
1.298
0.0561
61.9
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
24.4
16.7
21.7
19.2
531
409
470
5266
51.5
231
319
7.5
1.384
0.0608
65.0
86.9%
13.1%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
24.5
16.7
21.9
19.3
531
404
468
5243
51.4
229
317
7.6
1.390
0.0605
65.1
87.0%
13.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
25.9
17.7
23.0
20.4
498
382
441
5019
50.4
195
300
7.7
1.564
0.0594
65.6
86.6%
13.4%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
25.8
17.7
22.8
20.3
496
383
440
5098
51.2
189
310
7.5
1.673
0.0602
66.3
83.3%
16.7%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
25.3
17.4
22.5
20.0
501
385
445
5225
51.8
187
313
7.3
1.708
0.0597
66.5
88.4%
11.6%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
27.1
18.6
23.9
21.3
460
362
416
5006
50.9
179
303
7.3
1.729
0.0599
68.6
83.0%
17.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
1975
Mercedes
Truck
All
1976
Mercedes
Truck
All
1977
Mercedes
Truck
All
1978
Mercedes
Truck
All
1979
Mercedes
Truck
All
1980
Mercedes
Truck
All
1981
Mercedes
Truck
All
1982
Mercedes
Truck
All
1983
Mercedes
Truck
All
1984
Mercedes
Truck
All
1985
Mercedes
Truck
All
1986
Mercedes
Truck
All
1987
Mercedes
Truck
All
1988
Mercedes
Truck
All
1989
Mercedes
Truck
All
1990
Mercedes
Truck
All
1991
Mercedes
Truck
All
1992
Mercedes
Truck
All
1993
Mercedes
Truck
All
1994
Mercedes
Truck
All
1995
Mercedes
Truck
All
1996
Mercedes
Truck
All
1997
Mercedes
Truck
All
1998
21.3
15.4
19.8
17.4
579
448
510
4500
195
215
9.8
1.103
0.0478
48.0
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
1999
20.3
14.7
18.6
16.6
605
476
537
5000
216
232
9.9
1.080
0.0464
50.9
31.6%
68.4%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2000
20.4
14.8
18.5
16.6
601
480
536
5500
214
231
10.0
1.084
0.0419
56.3
25.2%
74.8%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2001
20.8
14.8
19.0
16.8
600
468
528
5500
214
231
10.0
1.085
0.0420
57.2
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2002
19.1
13.7
17.0
15.4
646
522
579
5000
227
237
9.5
1.059
0.0475
47.8
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2003
18.8
13.5
16.6
15.1
657
534
590
5138
239
243
9.3
1.024
0.0472
48.3
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2004
18.8
13.5
16.4
15.0
659
539
593
5535
245
246
9.6
1.007
0.0444
52.0
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2005
18.7
13.3
16.4
14.9
665
542
596
5048
247
252
9.0
1.018
0.0497
47.3
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2006
20.9
14.4
19.2
16.8
614
461
529
5005
233
276
8.0
1.201
0.0551
52.7
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2007
20.2
14.0
18.4
16.2
637
484
554
5290
252
303
7.9
1.204
0.0570
53.9
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2008
20.8
14.3
19.0
16.6
628
474
544
5478
52.5
248
298
8.3
1.208
0.0543
57.4
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2009
20.8
14.3
19.0
16.7
627
472
542
5385
52.2
244
295
8.1
1.215
0.0547
56.4
94.5%
5.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-157 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
100.0%
86.0%
14.0%
100.0%
75.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
99.0%
1.0%
92.3%
7.7%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
99.9%
0.1%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
87.0%
0.1%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
100.0%
39.8%
43.2%
17.0%
100.0%
83.0%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
100.0%
85.4%
1.5%
13.2%
100.0%
86.8%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
100.0%
83.1%
1.5%
15.4%
100.0%
84.6%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
100.0%
89.3%
1.5%
9.2%
100.0%
93.7%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
100.0%
96.4%
0.2%
3.4%
100.0%
98.4%
0.2%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
100.0%
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Mercedes
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.9%
Mercedes
Truck
All
1975
Mercedes
Truck
All
1976
Mercedes
Truck
All
1977
Mercedes
Truck
All
1978
Mercedes
Truck
All
1979
Mercedes
Truck
All
1980
Mercedes
Truck
All
1981
Mercedes
Truck
All
1982
Mercedes
Truck
All
1983
Mercedes
Truck
All
1984
Mercedes
Truck
All
1985
Mercedes
Truck
All
1986
Mercedes
Truck
All
1987
Mercedes
Truck
All
1988
Mercedes
Truck
All
1989
Mercedes
Truck
All
1990
Mercedes
Truck
All
1991
Mercedes
Truck
All
1992
Mercedes
Truck
All
1993
Mercedes
Truck
All
1994
Mercedes
Truck
All
1995
Mercedes
Truck
All
1996
Mercedes
Truck
All
1997
Mercedes
Truck
All
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
1999
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
77.8%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2007
100.0%
91.5%
8.5%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2008
100.0%
83.3%
16.7%
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2009
100.0%
86.0%
14.0%
100.0%
75.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-158 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mercedes
Truck
All
2010
21.4
14.7
19.6
17.2
604
455
522
5121
50.7
232
284
8.0
1.231
0.0557
55.1
90.3%
9.7%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2011
21.1
14.6
19.3
17.0
612
463
531
5302
51.9
236
288
8.1
1.222
0.0544
56.4
61.6%
38.4%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2012
23.1
15.9
20.8
18.4
560
430
494
5287
51.9
228
295
8.1
1.298
0.0561
61.9
100.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2013
24.4
16.7
21.7
19.2
531
409
470
5266
51.5
231
319
7.5
1.384
0.0608
65.0
86.9%
13.1%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2014
24.5
16.7
21.9
19.3
531
404
468
5243
51.4
229
317
7.6
1.390
0.0605
65.1
87.0%
13.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2015
25.9
17.7
23.0
20.4
498
382
441
5019
50.4
195
300
7.7
1.564
0.0594
65.6
86.6%
13.4%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2016
26.1
17.9
22.9
20.4
490
382
437
5070
51.7
184
302
7.6
1.676
0.0590
66.7
76.8%
23.2%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2017
25.4
17.5
22.5
20.0
498
385
443
5206
52.0
185
310
7.3
1.708
0.0591
66.6
85.2%
14.8%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2018
27.2
18.7
23.9
21.3
459
363
415
4990
51.3
176
297
7.4
1.728
0.0591
68.6
78.6%
21.4%
Mercedes
All
All
1975
17.3
13.5
16.5
14.7
632
535
624
3934
205
124
0.587
0.0306
36.2
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1976
18.6
14.7
17.6
15.9
597
519
590
3924
196
110
0.550
0.0277
39.0
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1977
19.2
15.4
17.5
16.3
572
517
573
3931
199
117
0.571
0.0291
40.1
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1978
18.7
14.7
17.6
15.9
594
518
589
3971
208
128
15.5
0.606
0.0319
39.8
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1979
20.5
16.4
18.9
17.4
538
491
548
3950
203
119
16.6
0.569
0.0296
43.7
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1980
23.9
19.5
21.4
20.3
491
451
480
3781
195
102
17.8
0.512
0.0266
46.4
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1981
25.6
21.1
22.5
21.7
454
432
451
3747
184
103
17.4
0.551
0.0272
49.3
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1982
26.3
21.5
23.3
22.3
447
417
440
3890
185
115
17.5
0.613
0.0294
52.6
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1983
26.4
21.4
23.9
22.4
433
389
417
3478
167
107
15.7
0.638
0.0308
46.7
47.8%
52.2%
Mercedes
All
All
1984
26.0
20.9
23.8
22.1
433
379
415
3330
166
114
14.5
0.694
0.0343
44.0
54.4%
45.6%
Mercedes
All
All
1985
23.1
18.6
21.1
19.6
491
432
474
3700
195
134
13.4
0.703
0.0364
43.8
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1986
21.1
16.6
19.8
17.9
526
440
500
3686
226
180
10.5
0.830
0.0484
39.5
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1987
22.0
17.3
20.5
18.6
511
433
489
3648
218
176
10.7
0.839
0.0481
41.3
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1988
21.1
16.3
19.7
17.8
530
440
500
3650
218
182
10.6
0.875
0.0496
38.9
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1989
21.2
16.4
19.8
17.8
532
441
499
3743
215
186
10.2
0.901
0.0495
40.2
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1990
21.2
16.1
20.1
17.8
546
438
501
3829
204
190
9.6
0.952
0.0493
41.0
0.9%
99.1%
Mercedes
All
All
1991
22.2
16.5
21.3
18.6
531
412
483
3836
204
188
9.9
0.937
0.0484
43.1
1.6%
98.4%
Mercedes
All
All
1992
21.8
16.1
21.0
18.2
542
415
492
3996
206
213
9.3
1.023
0.0524
43.9
3.3%
96.7%
Mercedes
All
All
1993
22.7
16.7
21.9
18.9
519
397
470
4147
206
216
8.7
1.043
0.0515
47.4
1.1%
98.9%
Mercedes
All
All
1994
23.6
17.1
22.8
19.6
513
384
455
4099
210
228
8.2
1.095
0.0555
48.5
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1995
24.5
17.7
23.7
20.3
495
372
440
4082
203
218
CO
CO
1.080
0.0529
50.6
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1996
25.2
17.8
24.7
20.8
492
358
429
4016
194
200
9.6
1.027
0.0489
50.9
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1997
25.0
17.4
24.9
20.6
504
355
432
4014
208
225
8.5
1.082
0.0556
50.4
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1998
25.3
17.7
24.4
20.7
492
356
430
4040
192
213
9.1
1.118
0.0526
51.5
100.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1999
24.4
17.1
23.3
20.0
512
372
446
4171
202
225
CO
CO
1.132
0.0545
51.2
8.2%
91.8%
Mercedes
All
All
2000
23.6
16.5
22.5
19.3
531
387
461
4390
219
239
8.4
1.113
0.0555
51.8
6.3%
93.7%
Mercedes
All
All
2001
23.9
16.5
22.8
19.4
534
385
457
4266
221
239
8.2
1.091
0.0569
50.8
26.1%
73.9%
Mercedes
All
All
2002
23.2
16.1
21.7
18.8
546
400
473
4120
212
231
8.4
1.109
0.0563
47.9
25.4%
74.6%
Mercedes
All
All
2003
23.4
16.0
22.0
18.9
544
394
470
4098
223
247
7.9
1.141
0.0604
48.3
17.0%
83.0%
Mercedes
All
All
2004
23.7
16.1
22.3
19.1
541
389
466
4131
217
244
8.0
1.166
0.0591
49.2
27.8%
72.2%
Mercedes
All
All
2005
24.1
16.3
22.5
19.3
537
388
461
4001
207
241
7.9
1.231
0.0600
48.7
27.1%
72.9%
Mercedes
All
All
2006
23.4
15.7
22.1
18.8
559
398
474
4323
226
269
7.4
1.206
0.0627
50.8
38.9%
61.1%
Mercedes
All
All
2007
22.4
15.1
21.3
18.1
584
413
494
4516
244
297
7.2
1.229
0.0659
50.8
42.8%
57.2%
Mercedes
All
All
2008
24.0
16.2
22.6
19.3
524
379
464
4351
47.4
226
275
7.8
1.221
0.0626
52.3
45.9%
54.1%
Mercedes
All
All
2009
24.3
16.3
23.0
19.5
516
373
457
4263
46.4
220
269
7.7
1.226
0.0623
51.9
43.0%
57.0%
Mercedes
All
All
2010
23.6
15.9
22.1
18.9
550
395
471
4474
48.6
225
277
7.5
1.235
0.0619
52.8
53.0%
47.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-159 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mercedes
Truck
All
2010
99.0%
1.0%
92.3%
7.7%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2011
99.9%
0.1%
88.1%
11.9%
100.0%
87.0%
0.1%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2012
100.0%
39.8%
43.2%
17.0%
100.0%
83.0%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2013
100.0%
85.4%
1.5%
13.2%
100.0%
86.8%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2014
100.0%
83.1%
1.5%
15.4%
100.0%
84.6%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2015
100.0%
89.3%
1.5%
9.2%
100.0%
93.7%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2016
100.0%
96.7%
0.2%
3.1%
100.0%
98.5%
0.2%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2017
100.0%
99.9%
0.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
Mercedes
Truck
All
2018
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
2.7%
Mercedes
All
All
1975
9.5%
90.5%
26.9%
38.4%
34.7%
76.1%
23.9%
Mercedes
All
All
1976
5.3%
94.7%
23.6%
26.9%
49.5%
89.3%
10.7%
Mercedes
All
All
1977
9.6%
90.4%
2.7%
48.1%
49.2%
87.1%
12.9%
Mercedes
All
All
1978
6.3%
93.7%
1.2%
48.9%
50.0%
88.8%
11.2%
Mercedes
All
All
1979
8.1%
91.9%
34.7%
65.3%
85.4%
14.6%
Mercedes
All
All
1980
9.2%
90.8%
25.3%
74.7%
89.0%
11.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1981
10.5%
89.5%
23.1%
76.9%
92.3%
7.7%
Mercedes
All
All
1982
9.0%
91.0%
20.4%
79.6%
89.9%
10.1%
Mercedes
All
All
1983
3.6%
96.4%
28.9%
11.7%
18.9%
40.5%
46.5%
53.5%
Mercedes
All
All
1984
2.8%
97.2%
33.1%
29.2%
12.7%
25.0%
42.0%
58.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1985
3.2%
96.8%
61.1%
38.9%
86.7%
13.3%
Mercedes
All
All
1986
3.9%
96.1%
92.2%
7.8%
1.5%
66.7%
33.3%
Mercedes
All
All
1987
1.2%
98.8%
79.0%
21.0%
0.9%
66.8%
33.2%
Mercedes
All
All
1988
0.5%
99.5%
99.2%
0.8%
72.8%
27.2%
Mercedes
All
All
1989
0.4%
99.6%
99.6%
0.4%
73.9%
26.1%
Mercedes
All
All
1990
0.6%
99.4%
96.5%
3.5%
13.2%
72.7%
27.3%
Mercedes
All
All
1991
2.8%
97.2%
91.8%
8.2%
15.9%
76.3%
23.7%
Mercedes
All
All
1992
0.4%
99.6%
93.9%
6.1%
35.9%
31.4%
72.9%
3.6%
23.5%
Mercedes
All
All
1993
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
65.6%
27.6%
70.4%
2.4%
27.2%
Mercedes
All
All
1994
100.0%
98.8%
1.2%
98.8%
27.8%
77.8%
4.3%
17.9%
Mercedes
All
All
1995
100.0%
94.4%
5.6%
99.6%
23.9%
75.4%
4.6%
20.0%
Mercedes
All
All
1996
83.5%
16.5%
95.7%
4.3%
100.0%
17.1%
49.2%
30.6%
20.1%
Mercedes
All
All
1997
100.0%
97.4%
2.6%
100.0%
32.2%
36.1%
49.1%
14.8%
Mercedes
All
All
1998
100.0%
97.8%
2.2%
100.0%
11.8%
Mercedes
All
All
1999
1.4%
98.6%
97.6%
2.4%
100.0%
7.0%
Mercedes
All
All
2000
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
Mercedes
All
All
2001
1.7%
98.3%
100.0%
100.0%
3.4%
Mercedes
All
All
2002
2.4%
97.6%
100.0%
100.0%
10.4%
Mercedes
All
All
2003
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
100.0%
9.2%
Mercedes
All
All
2004
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
100.0%
14.4%
Mercedes
All
All
2005
0.6%
99.4%
96.5%
3.5%
100.0%
29.5%
Mercedes
All
All
2006
0.9%
99.1%
97.9%
2.1%
100.0%
70.9%
Mercedes
All
All
2007
0.4%
99.6%
96.5%
3.5%
100.0%
29.2%
Mercedes
All
All
2008
0.2%
7.5%
92.3%
94.4%
5.6%
100.0%
20.8%
Mercedes
All
All
2009
0.1%
8.0%
91.9%
95.9%
4.1%
100.0%
61.5%
Mercedes
All
All
2010
0.2%
1.4%
98.0%
0.3%
97.5%
2.5%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-160 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mercedes
All
All
2011
23.8
16.1
22.3
19.1
0
0
468
4495
48.1
224
275
7.5
1.235
0.0614
53.7
0.0%
44.5%
55.4%
Mercedes
All
All
2012
26.3
17.6
24.5
21.0
0
0
427
4450
48.2
204
282
7.4
1.417
0.0635
59.0
0.0%
54.1%
45.9%
Mercedes
All
All
2013
28.1
18.7
25.9
22.2
0
0
402
4346
47.3
200
284
7.4
1.452
0.0646
61.3
48.2%
51.8%
Mercedes
All
All
2014
29.2
19.4
26.8
23.1
0
0
387
4369
47.8
199
287
7.2
1.487
0.0652
65.3
9.0%
46.9%
44.1%
Mercedes
All
All
2015
29.8
20.0
26.8
23.4
0
0
381
4358
48.4
177
285
7.2
1.667
0.0648
66.2
8.0%
58.2%
33.8%
Mercedes
All
All
2016
30.3
20.4
27.0
23.7
0
0
376
4327
48.9
169
281
7.1
1.723
0.0646
66.4
6.7%
51.8%
41.5%
Mercedes
All
All
2017
29.3
19.8
26.3
23.1
0
0
385
4536
50.0
162
288
7.0
1.827
0.0633
67.5
4.3%
58.7%
37.0%
Mercedes
All
All
2018
30.3
20.4
27.1
23.7
0
0
374
4426
49.5
156
284
6.9
1.845
0.0638
67.7
9.0%
56.8%
34.2%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
17.2
13.4
16.7
14.7
634
486
605
3214
161
138
0.865
0.0423
28.4
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
18.4
14.5
17.4
15.6
598
494
568
3178
159
133
0.854
0.0414
29.2
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
19.8
15.5
19.0
16.9
554
451
526
3056
95.3
148
129
0.895
0.0420
30.5
1951
2905
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
19.2
14.7
19.0
16.4
588
452
543
3065
95.8
147
128
11.5
0.893
0.0416
29.5
1885
2821
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
19.5
15.0
19.3
16.7
577
447
533
3151
96.7
150
132
12.4
0.912
0.0419
30.8
1933
2982
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
25.0
19.6
23.7
21.3
432
358
418
3064
95.9
136
122
13.1
0.928
0.0394
38.8
2491
3715
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
25.6
20.1
24.2
21.8
423
351
409
3005
95.8
131
117
13.3
0.925
0.0387
38.9
2539
3725
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
25.4
19.9
24.0
21.6
429
355
412
2980
97.3
142
118
14.0
0.869
0.0395
38.4
2547
3727
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
25.3
19.8
24.1
21.6
437
359
412
3019
97.7
146
126
12.5
0.881
0.0413
38.5
2519
3756
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
27.0
20.9
26.2
23.0
414
333
387
2905
97.3
143
122
12.2
0.877
0.0417
39.3
2671
3824
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
25.4
19.4
25.3
21.7
447
345
412
3191
97.6
160
129
12.3
0.822
0.0402
40.8
2533
3986
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
25.0
18.9
24.9
21.2
461
349
419
3232
97.3
175
132
11.4
0.758
0.0409
40.7
2473
3957
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
23.9
18.0
23.9
20.3
483
364
437
3236
96.9
171
147
10.9
0.868
0.0455
39.1
2361
3789
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
21.3
15.9
21.1
18.0
542
412
494
3577
102.1
185
177
10.6
0.964
0.0492
38.4
2206
3914
1.9%
98.1%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
21.7
16.3
21.3
18.3
538
413
485
3494
99.0
176
184
9.7
1.068
0.0529
38.0
2164
3766
3.4%
96.6%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
21.9
16.2
21.7
18.4
543
407
483
3584
101.6
179
187
9.1
1.064
0.0522
39.2
2229
3988
1.0%
99.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
22.8
16.6
22.8
19.1
518
383
464
3557
98.7
164
183
9.4
1.146
0.0510
40.7
2291
4027
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
23.8
17.1
24.1
19.9
516
366
446
3648
97.9
156
186
9.2
1.205
0.0509
43.4
2337
4256
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
25.0
17.8
25.4
20.9
493
345
425
3640
99.5
161
194
8.4
1.221
0.0530
45.6
2505
4539
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
24.9
17.5
25.3
20.8
501
347
428
3660
98.0
164
198
8.4
1.218
0.0536
45.6
2447
4465
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
25.1
17.6
25.4
20.8
501
348
426
3760
99.7
167
203
8.6
1.226
0.0536
47.1
2505
4701
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
27.1
19.0
26.8
22.3
463
328
398
3453
87.9
161
181
9.1
1.141
0.0517
46.7
2366
4117
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
25.5
17.7
25.4
21.1
496
346
422
3572
92.7
182
202
8.6
1.125
0.0561
45.5
2356
4254
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
25.2
17.4
25.0
20.7
507
353
429
3595
92.6
184
205
8.7
1.124
0.0567
45.2
2326
4229
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
25.2
17.3
25.0
20.7
513
354
430
3676
96.2
179
199
8.9
1.115
0.0540
46.2
2422
4484
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
24.6
16.8
24.4
20.2
527
361
440
3681
95.4
179
198
8.5
1.108
0.0537
45.3
2357
4380
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
24.7
16.8
24.2
20.2
524
365
440
3734
96.7
184
220
7.9
1.206
0.0591
46.2
2399
4507
7.1%
92.9%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
26.0
17.6
25.2
21.1
499
349
421
3684
97.9
174
217
8.1
1.253
0.0585
48.0
2565
4724
8.7%
9.0%
82.4%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
26.5
17.8
25.7
21.5
492
342
414
3586
94.7
168
210
8.1
1.259
0.0579
47.6
2528
4548
14.4%
9.4%
76.2%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
26.2
17.4
25.5
21.2
504
344
419
3596
97.2
171
214
8.0
1.261
0.0589
47.2
2561
4597
13.7%
8.5%
77.8%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
26.9
17.8
25.8
21.6
489
340
411
3509
93.1
163
208
8.0
1.300
0.0583
47.3
2526
4415
28.0%
6.6%
65.4%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
27.0
17.8
26.1
21.7
491
337
409
3628
100.5
185
229
7.6
1.254
0.0623
49.2
2738
4955
16.7%
83.3%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
27.5
18.1
26.7
22.1
480
328
401
3697
100.6
185
243
7.4
1.327
0.0647
51.2
2801
5150
14.3%
18.6%
67.1%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
27.2
17.8
26.4
21.9
486
331
406
3794
45.4
102.0
185
256
7.3
1.394
0.0666
52.0
2810
5300
13.9%
20.2%
65.9%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
28.4
18.7
27.4
22.8
460
318
390
3692
44.3
99.1
172
242
7.4
1.411
0.0644
53.0
2868
5236
22.1%
20.8%
57.1%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
28.5
18.8
27.3
22.8
456
319
390
3706
44.9
100.4
170
248
7.4
1.470
0.0655
53.3
2910
5344
28.4%
24.6%
47.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
29.1
19.1
27.7
23.2
0
0
384
3857
45.9
102.9
177
255
7.2
1.442
0.0652
57.2
3075
5916
14.0%
29.4%
56.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-161 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mercedes
All
All
2011
0.1%
1.5%
98.4%
0.0%
0.5%
94.2%
5.1%
99.8%
95.7%
0.1%
Mercedes
All
All
2012
0.0%
2.0%
98.0%
59.8%
33.5%
6.7%
100.0%
93.2%
0.0%
Mercedes
All
All
2013
0.1%
4.8%
95.2%
90.1%
5.0%
4.6%
99.7%
95.1%
0.1%
Mercedes
All
All
2014
0.0%
2.4%
97.5%
89.1%
5.1%
4.7%
99.0%
94.3%
0.1%
Mercedes
All
All
2015
0.0%
3.0%
96.9%
92.7%
3.0%
3.5%
99.2%
96.6%
0.0%
Mercedes
All
All
2016
0.2%
2.3%
97.5%
97.7%
0.5%
1.4%
99.6%
98.8%
0.3%
Mercedes
All
All
2017
0.0%
1.0%
99.0%
99.4%
0.2%
99.6%
99.6%
0.5%
Mercedes
All
All
2018
0.2%
99.8%
99.7%
0.1%
99.8%
99.8%
1.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
57.8%
42.2%
51.9%
48.1%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
40.6%
59.4%
58.3%
41.7%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
67.7%
32.3%
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
62.8%
37.2%
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
67.5%
32.5%
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
69.5%
30.5%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
71.0%
29.0%
100.0%
98.2%
1.8%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
62.8%
37.2%
100.0%
97.6%
2.4%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
63.3%
36.7%
100.0%
99.5%
0.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
64.9%
35.1%
100.0%
99.2%
0.8%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
52.0%
1.3%
46.7%
97.0%
3.0%
99.0%
1.0%
0.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
49.8%
1.2%
49.0%
98.8%
1.2%
99.1%
0.8%
0.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
56.9%
1.0%
42.1%
100.0%
99.3%
0.7%
0.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
31.1%
1.3%
67.7%
100.0%
6.7%
69.7%
30.3%
0.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
26.2%
1.3%
72.5%
100.0%
1.3%
85.0%
15.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
27.8%
0.8%
71.4%
100.0%
1.4%
80.5%
19.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
41.3%
1.1%
57.6%
100.0%
54.4%
22.8%
87.7%
12.3%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
33.0%
67.0%
100.0%
82.5%
71.8%
95.3%
4.7%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
28.9%
71.1%
100.0%
96.7%
65.7%
85.5%
14.5%
0.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
99.4%
62.8%
88.2%
11.8%
0.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
27.0%
73.0%
100.0%
99.2%
59.5%
84.8%
15.2%
0.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
37.9%
62.1%
100.0%
97.6%
99.7%
89.1%
0.3%
10.6%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
30.9%
69.1%
100.0%
99.4%
99.9%
86.4%
3.5%
10.1%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
32.0%
68.0%
100.0%
99.1%
100.0%
84.8%
4.0%
11.1%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
32.1%
67.9%
100.0%
99.4%
99.7%
92.4%
2.2%
5.4%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
99.9%
99.9%
90.3%
3.0%
6.7%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
23.6%
76.4%
100.0%
99.6%
99.9%
87.4%
4.1%
8.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
28.9%
69.5%
1.6%
100.0%
99.9%
91.3%
90.7%
0.0%
9.3%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
25.4%
70.7%
3.9%
100.0%
100.0%
85.6%
90.7%
9.3%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
22.9%
72.9%
4.2%
100.0%
100.0%
86.3%
71.4%
21.4%
7.2%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
25.9%
66.6%
7.5%
100.0%
100.0%
72.0%
78.6%
17.0%
4.4%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
17.6%
78.5%
3.9%
100.0%
100.0%
83.4%
74.1%
16.7%
9.1%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
15.9%
83.5%
0.6%
7.8%
92.2%
100.0%
97.5%
74.2%
19.9%
5.9%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
14.9%
84.5%
0.5%
10.0%
90.0%
100.0%
98.1%
67.1%
28.3%
4.7%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
18.3%
81.7%
30.5%
68.8%
0.6%
100.0%
100.0%
82.6%
12.9%
4.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
13.9%
86.1%
36.8%
62.0%
1.2%
100.0%
98.8%
70.2%
23.3%
6.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
10.5%
4.2%
85.3%
38.7%
58.9%
2.2%
99.8%
97.6%
0.2%
74.9%
19.9%
5.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-162 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
32.2
21.0
29.2
25.0
405
297
355
3741
45.9
101.6
149
252
7.3
1.693
0.0652
60.9
3355
6236
31.1%
21.9%
47.0%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
32.9
21.4
30.5
25.8
404
287
345
3779
46.2
104.0
144
260
7.0
1.812
0.0673
62.6
3476
6565
21.9%
31.6%
46.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
34.7
22.6
32.2
27.2
0
0
327
3855
47.1
108.6
140
259
6.9
1.915
0.0663
71.8
4092
7763
12.7%
39.4%
47.9%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
34.6
22.5
32.1
27.1
0
0
327
3799
46.6
106.3
136
255
6.9
1.928
0.0662
69.8
3946
7405
17.1%
37.2%
45.7%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
33.8
22.0
31.7
26.6
0
0
333
3863
47.0
108.2
139
254
6.9
1.834
0.0651
67.9
3834
7336
14.5%
41.7%
43.8%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
35.5
23.2
33.3
28.0
0
0
314
3841
46.5
109.1
134
244
7.0
1.811
0.0627
74.9
4284
8114
18.2%
42.5%
39.3%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
35.4
23.1
32.3
27.6
0
0
318
3889
47.0
110.6
135
249
6.9
1.827
0.0632
75.2
4299
8239
17.4%
43.3%
39.3%
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1975
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1976
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1977
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1978
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1979
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1980
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1981
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1982
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1983
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1984
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1985
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1986
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1987
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1988
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1989
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1990
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1991
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1992
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1993
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1994
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1995
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1996
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1997
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1998
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1999
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2000
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2001
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2002
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2003
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2004
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2005
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2006
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2007
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2008
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2009
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2010
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2011
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2012
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-163 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
13.1%
3.1%
83.8%
73.1%
26.9%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
69.6%
21.9%
8.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
8.6%
3.6%
87.8%
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
100.0%
0.7%
70.0%
19.5%
10.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
5.0%
4.8%
90.2%
87.5%
6.0%
5.4%
98.9%
91.6%
2.3%
66.8%
18.4%
14.9%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
5.6%
6.3%
88.1%
93.6%
4.2%
1.5%
99.3%
95.8%
2.7%
74.2%
13.5%
12.3%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
5.0%
5.3%
89.7%
96.1%
2.6%
1.1%
99.7%
97.4%
1.9%
66.5%
19.0%
14.5%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
5.2%
7.2%
87.6%
94.8%
3.3%
0.8%
98.9%
94.8%
5.5%
60.4%
20.5%
19.2%
BMW
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
5.1%
7.1%
87.8%
93.7%
3.5%
1.8%
99.0%
93.7%
6.3%
53.8%
28.2%
18.0%
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1975
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1976
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1977
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1978
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1979
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1980
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1981
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1982
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1983
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1984
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1985
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1986
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1987
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1988
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1989
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1990
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1991
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1992
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1993
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1994
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1995
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1996
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1997
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1998
BMW
Car
Car SUV
1999
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2000
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2001
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2002
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2003
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2004
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2005
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2006
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2007
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2008
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2009
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2010
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2011
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2012
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-164 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2013
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2014
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2015
35.3
22.7
33.1
27.6
392
269
322
4000
48.5
122
240
7.3
1.966
0.0600
70.5
100.0%
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2016
34.8
22.4
32.8
27.3
397
271
325
4000
48.6
122
240
7.3
1.966
0.0600
69.6
100.0%
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2017
31.3
21.1
28.0
24.6
421
317
362
4000
48.6
122
240
7.3
1.966
0.0600
62.5
100.0%
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2018
BMW
Car
All
1975
17.2
13.4
16.7
14.7
634
486
605
3214
161
138
0.865
0.0423
28.4
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1976
18.4
14.5
17.4
15.6
598
494
568
3178
159
133
0.854
0.0414
29.2
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1977
19.8
15.5
19.0
16.9
554
451
526
3056
148
129
0.895
0.0420
30.5
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1978
19.2
14.7
19.0
16.4
588
452
543
3065
147
128
11.5
0.893
0.0416
29.5
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1979
19.5
15.0
19.3
16.7
577
447
533
3151
150
132
12.4
0.912
0.0419
30.8
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1980
25.0
19.6
23.7
21.3
432
358
418
3064
136
122
13.1
0.928
0.0394
38.8
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1981
25.6
20.1
24.2
21.8
423
351
409
3005
131
117
13.3
0.925
0.0387
38.9
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1982
25.4
19.9
24.0
21.6
429
355
412
2980
142
118
14.0
0.869
0.0395
38.4
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1983
25.3
19.8
24.1
21.6
437
359
412
3019
146
126
12.5
0.881
0.0413
38.5
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1984
27.0
20.9
26.2
23.0
414
333
387
2905
143
122
12.2
0.877
0.0417
39.3
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1985
25.4
19.4
25.3
21.7
447
345
412
3191
160
129
12.3
0.822
0.0402
40.8
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1986
25.0
18.9
24.9
21.2
461
349
419
3232
175
132
11.4
0.758
0.0409
40.7
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1987
23.9
18.0
23.9
20.3
483
364
437
3236
171
147
10.9
0.868
0.0455
39.1
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1988
21.3
15.9
21.1
18.0
542
412
494
3577
185
177
10.6
0.964
0.0492
38.4
1.9%
98.1%
BMW
Car
All
1989
21.7
16.3
21.3
18.3
538
413
485
3494
176
184
9.7
1.068
0.0529
38.0
3.4%
96.6%
BMW
Car
All
1990
21.9
16.2
21.7
18.4
543
407
483
3584
179
187
9.1
1.064
0.0522
39.2
1.0%
99.0%
BMW
Car
All
1991
22.8
16.6
22.8
19.1
518
383
464
3557
164
183
9.4
1.146
0.0510
40.7
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1992
23.8
17.1
24.1
19.9
516
366
446
3648
156
186
9.2
1.205
0.0509
43.4
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1993
25.0
17.8
25.4
20.9
493
345
425
3640
161
194
8.4
1.221
0.0530
45.6
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1994
24.9
17.5
25.3
20.8
501
347
428
3660
164
198
8.4
1.218
0.0536
45.6
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1995
25.1
17.6
25.4
20.8
501
348
426
3760
167
203
8.6
1.226
0.0536
47.1
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1996
27.1
19.0
26.8
22.3
463
328
398
3453
161
181
9.1
1.141
0.0517
46.7
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1997
25.5
17.7
25.4
21.1
496
346
422
3572
182
202
8.6
1.125
0.0561
45.5
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1998
25.2
17.4
25.0
20.7
507
353
429
3595
184
205
8.7
1.124
0.0567
45.2
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1999
25.2
17.3
25.0
20.7
513
354
430
3676
179
199
8.9
1.115
0.0540
46.2
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
2000
24.6
16.8
24.4
20.2
527
361
440
3681
179
198
8.5
1.108
0.0537
45.3
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
2001
24.7
16.8
24.2
20.2
524
365
440
3734
184
220
7.9
1.206
0.0591
46.2
7.1%
92.9%
BMW
Car
All
2002
26.0
17.6
25.2
21.1
499
349
421
3684
174
217
8.1
1.253
0.0585
48.0
8.7%
9.0%
82.4%
BMW
Car
All
2003
26.5
17.8
25.7
21.5
492
342
414
3586
168
210
8.1
1.259
0.0579
47.6
14.4%
9.4%
76.2%
BMW
Car
All
2004
26.2
17.4
25.5
21.2
504
344
419
3596
171
214
8.0
1.261
0.0589
47.2
13.7%
8.5%
77.8%
BMW
Car
All
2005
26.9
17.8
25.8
21.6
489
340
411
3509
163
208
8.0
1.300
0.0583
47.3
28.0%
6.6%
65.4%
BMW
Car
All
2006
27.0
17.8
26.1
21.7
491
337
409
3628
185
229
7.6
1.254
0.0623
49.2
16.7%
83.3%
BMW
Car
All
2007
27.5
18.1
26.7
22.1
480
328
401
3697
185
243
7.4
1.327
0.0647
51.2
14.3%
18.6%
67.1%
BMW
Car
All
2008
27.2
17.8
26.4
21.9
486
331
406
3794
45.4
185
256
7.3
1.394
0.0666
52.0
13.9%
20.2%
65.9%
BMW
Car
All
2009
28.4
18.7
27.4
22.8
460
318
390
3692
44.3
172
242
7.4
1.411
0.0644
53.0
22.1%
20.8%
57.1%
BMW
Car
All
2010
28.5
18.8
27.3
22.8
456
319
390
3706
44.9
170
248
7.4
1.470
0.0655
53.3
28.4%
24.6%
47.0%
BMW
Car
All
2011
29.1
19.1
27.7
23.2
0
0
384
3857
45.9
177
255
7.2
1.442
0.0652
57.2
14.0%
29.4%
56.6%
BMW
Car
All
2012
32.2
21.0
29.2
25.0
405
297
355
3741
45.9
149
252
7.3
1.693
0.0652
60.9
31.1%
21.9%
47.0%
BMW
Car
All
2013
32.9
21.4
30.5
25.8
404
287
345
3779
46.2
144
260
7.0
1.812
0.0673
62.6
21.9%
31.6%
46.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-165 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2013
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2014
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Car
Car SUV
2018
BMW
Car
All
1975
57.8%
42.2%
51.9%
48.1%
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1976
40.6%
59.4%
58.3%
41.7%
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1977
67.7%
32.3%
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1978
62.8%
37.2%
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1979
67.5%
32.5%
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1980
69.5%
30.5%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
BMW
Car
All
1981
71.0%
29.0%
100.0%
98.2%
1.8%
BMW
Car
All
1982
62.8%
37.2%
100.0%
97.6%
2.4%
BMW
Car
All
1983
63.3%
36.7%
100.0%
99.5%
0.5%
BMW
Car
All
1984
64.9%
35.1%
100.0%
99.2%
0.8%
BMW
Car
All
1985
52.0%
1.3%
46.7%
97.0%
3.0%
99.0%
1.0%
0.0%
BMW
Car
All
1986
49.8%
1.2%
49.0%
98.8%
1.2%
99.1%
0.8%
0.0%
BMW
Car
All
1987
56.9%
1.0%
42.1%
100.0%
99.3%
0.7%
0.0%
BMW
Car
All
1988
31.1%
1.3%
67.7%
100.0%
6.7%
69.7%
30.3%
0.0%
BMW
Car
All
1989
26.2%
1.3%
72.5%
100.0%
1.3%
85.0%
15.0%
BMW
Car
All
1990
27.8%
0.8%
71.4%
100.0%
1.4%
80.5%
19.5%
BMW
Car
All
1991
41.3%
1.1%
57.6%
100.0%
54.4%
22.8%
87.7%
12.3%
BMW
Car
All
1992
33.0%
67.0%
100.0%
82.5%
71.8%
95.3%
4.7%
BMW
Car
All
1993
28.9%
71.1%
100.0%
96.7%
65.7%
85.5%
14.5%
0.0%
BMW
Car
All
1994
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
99.4%
62.8%
88.2%
11.8%
0.0%
BMW
Car
All
1995
27.0%
73.0%
100.0%
99.2%
59.5%
84.8%
15.2%
0.0%
BMW
Car
All
1996
37.9%
62.1%
100.0%
97.6%
99.7%
89.1%
0.3%
10.6%
BMW
Car
All
1997
30.9%
69.1%
100.0%
99.4%
99.9%
86.4%
3.5%
10.1%
BMW
Car
All
1998
32.0%
68.0%
100.0%
99.1%
100.0%
84.8%
4.0%
11.1%
BMW
Car
All
1999
32.1%
67.9%
100.0%
99.4%
99.7%
92.4%
2.2%
5.4%
BMW
Car
All
2000
27.9%
72.1%
100.0%
99.9%
99.9%
90.3%
3.0%
6.7%
BMW
Car
All
2001
23.6%
76.4%
100.0%
99.6%
99.9%
87.4%
4.1%
8.5%
BMW
Car
All
2002
28.9%
69.5%
1.6%
100.0%
99.9%
91.3%
90.7%
0.0%
9.3%
BMW
Car
All
2003
25.4%
70.7%
3.9%
100.0%
100.0%
85.6%
90.7%
9.3%
BMW
Car
All
2004
22.9%
72.9%
4.2%
100.0%
100.0%
86.3%
71.4%
21.4%
7.2%
BMW
Car
All
2005
25.9%
66.6%
7.5%
100.0%
100.0%
72.0%
78.6%
17.0%
4.4%
BMW
Car
All
2006
17.6%
78.5%
3.9%
100.0%
100.0%
83.4%
74.1%
16.7%
9.1%
BMW
Car
All
2007
15.9%
83.5%
0.6%
7.8%
92.2%
100.0%
97.5%
74.2%
19.9%
5.9%
BMW
Car
All
2008
14.9%
84.5%
0.5%
10.0%
90.0%
100.0%
98.1%
67.1%
28.3%
4.7%
BMW
Car
All
2009
18.3%
81.7%
30.5%
68.8%
0.6%
100.0%
100.0%
82.6%
12.9%
4.5%
BMW
Car
All
2010
13.9%
86.1%
36.8%
62.0%
1.2%
100.0%
98.8%
70.2%
23.3%
6.5%
BMW
Car
All
2011
10.5%
4.2%
85.3%
38.7%
58.9%
2.2%
99.8%
97.6%
0.2%
74.9%
19.9%
5.2%
BMW
Car
All
2012
13.1%
3.1%
83.8%
73.1%
26.9%
100.0%
100.0%
0.2%
69.6%
21.9%
8.5%
BMW
Car
All
2013
8.6%
3.6%
87.8%
81.2%
18.8%
100.0%
100.0%
0.7%
70.0%
19.5%
10.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-166 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
BMW
Car
All
2014
34.7
22.6
32.2
27.2
0
0
327
3855
47.1
140
259
6.9
1.915
0.0663
71.8
12.7%
39.4%
47.9%
BMW
Car
All
2015
34.6
22.5
32.1
27.1
0
0
327
3800
46.6
136
255
6.9
1.928
0.0662
69.8
17.0%
37.0%
46.0%
BMW
Car
All
2016
33.8
22.0
31.7
26.6
0
0
333
3865
47.1
139
254
6.9
1.835
0.0650
67.9
14.4%
41.2%
44.4%
BMW
Car
All
2017
35.1
23.0
32.8
27.7
0
0
318
3854
46.7
133
244
7.0
1.824
0.0625
73.9
16.7%
39.1%
44.2%
BMW
Car
All
2018
35.4
23.1
32.3
27.6
0
0
318
3889
47.0
135
249
6.9
1.827
0.0632
75.2
17.4%
43.3%
39.3%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
17.5
12.4
16.5
14.3
717
540
621
5000
268
282
8.1
1.052
0.0564
43.6
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
19.2
13.5
18.1
15.7
658
488
568
4797
212
247
8.9
1.183
0.0514
46.1
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
20.1
14.0
18.9
16.3
633
469
544
5000
203
243
9.4
1.211
0.0485
50.4
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
20.0
13.9
18.7
16.2
638
473
547
5000
205
244
9.2
1.206
0.0488
50.2
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
21.5
14.5
20.7
17.4
611
429
509
4508
185
228
9.1
1.231
0.0506
48.3
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
21.3
14.3
20.4
17.2
621
435
516
4562
194
239
8.9
1.237
0.0526
48.4
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
21.2
14.2
20.4
17.2
624
435
517
4543
196
242
CO
CO
1.239
0.0536
48.1
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
23.4
15.8
22.0
18.8
558
401
472
4581
204
275
8.0
1.363
0.0603
53.5
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
22.9
15.5
21.6
18.5
570
410
482
4753
50.0
204
278
8.1
1.383
0.0588
54.4
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
22.7
15.3
21.4
18.3
581
418
491
4984
51.2
205
284
8.1
1.404
0.0571
56.9
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
23.6
15.9
22.0
18.9
565
409
480
4935
50.7
199
292
8.1
1.460
0.0592
59.0
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
25.3
17.0
23.7
20.3
528
380
447
4964
51.1
193
300
7.4
1.548
0.0604
63.4
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
25.0
16.8
23.6
20.1
538
383
453
5027
51.4
191
300
7.5
1.563
0.0596
63.5
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
25.8
17.3
24.2
20.6
507
365
433
4726
50.8
171
290
7.2
1.729
0.0613
61.2
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
28.7
19.2
26.4
22.7
461
337
393
4602
50.4
166
286
7.1
1.756
0.0619
66.4
93.2%
6.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-167 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
BMW
Car
All
2014
5.0%
4.8%
90.2%
87.5%
6.0%
5.4%
98.9%
91.6%
2.3%
66.8%
18.4%
14.9%
BMW
Car
All
2015
5.6%
6.2%
88.2%
93.7%
4.1%
1.5%
99.3%
95.8%
2.7%
BMW
Car
All
2016
5.0%
5.2%
89.8%
96.1%
2.6%
1.0%
99.7%
97.4%
1.9%
BMW
Car
All
2017
4.8%
6.6%
88.6%
95.2%
3.1%
0.7%
99.0%
95.2%
5.1%
BMW
Car
All
2018
5.1%
7.1%
87.8%
93.7%
3.5%
1.8%
99.0%
93.7%
6.3%
53.8%
28.2%
18.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
4.1%
95.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
8.7%
91.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
1.9%
98.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
1.2%
98.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
0.7%
99.3%
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
0.2%
99.8%
12.9%
79.0%
8.1%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
0.5%
1.2%
98.4%
14.5%
67.1%
18.4%
100.0%
81.6%
1.2%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
0.1%
99.9%
60.2%
24.0%
15.9%
100.0%
84.1%
0.1%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
100.0%
65.5%
16.8%
17.7%
100.0%
82.3%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
100.0%
96.2%
3.8%
100.0%
96.2%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
100.0%
95.1%
4.9%
100.0%
95.1%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-168 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
28.5
19.0
26.6
22.7
469
337
397
4803
51.0
176
294
7.2
1.692
0.0610
69.2
91.7%
8.3%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
28.8
19.5
25.9
22.7
440
338
393
4705
50.6
164
287
7.1
1.772
0.0608
70.3
91.1%
8.9%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
28.8
19.5
26.1
22.8
443
336
391
4650
50.6
163
284
7.1
1.777
0.0610
68.8
87.5%
12.5%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
29.1
19.7
25.9
22.8
430
339
389
4856
50.8
167
297
7.1
1.809
0.0612
72.2
90.0%
10.0%
BMW
Truck
All
1975
BMW
Truck
All
1976
BMW
Truck
All
1977
BMW
Truck
All
1978
BMW
Truck
All
1979
BMW
Truck
All
1980
BMW
Truck
All
1981
BMW
Truck
All
1982
BMW
Truck
All
1983
BMW
Truck
All
1984
BMW
Truck
All
1985
BMW
Truck
All
1986
BMW
Truck
All
1987
BMW
Truck
All
1988
BMW
Truck
All
1989
BMW
Truck
All
1990
BMW
Truck
All
1991
BMW
Truck
All
1992
BMW
Truck
All
1993
BMW
Truck
All
1994
BMW
Truck
All
1995
BMW
Truck
All
1996
BMW
Truck
All
1997
BMW
Truck
All
1998
BMW
Truck
All
1999
BMW
Truck
All
2000
17.5
12.4
16.5
14.3
717
540
621
5000
268
282
8.1
1.052
0.0564
43.6
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2001
19.2
13.5
18.1
15.7
658
488
568
4797
212
247
8.9
1.183
0.0514
46.1
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2002
20.1
14.0
18.9
16.3
633
469
544
5000
203
243
9.4
1.211
0.0485
50.4
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2003
20.0
13.9
18.7
16.2
638
473
547
5000
205
244
9.2
1.206
0.0488
50.2
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2004
21.5
14.5
20.7
17.4
611
429
509
4508
185
228
9.1
1.231
0.0506
48.3
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2005
21.3
14.3
20.4
17.2
621
435
516
4562
194
239
8.9
1.237
0.0526
48.4
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2006
21.2
14.2
20.4
17.2
624
435
517
4543
196
242
CO
CO
1.239
0.0536
48.1
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2007
23.4
15.8
22.0
18.8
558
401
472
4581
204
275
8.0
1.363
0.0603
53.5
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2008
22.9
15.5
21.6
18.5
570
410
482
4753
50.0
204
278
8.1
1.383
0.0588
54.4
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2009
22.7
15.3
21.4
18.3
581
418
491
4984
51.2
205
284
8.1
1.404
0.0571
56.9
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2010
23.6
15.9
22.0
18.9
565
409
480
4935
50.7
199
292
8.1
1.460
0.0592
59.0
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2011
25.3
17.0
23.7
20.3
528
380
447
4964
51.1
193
300
7.4
1.548
0.0604
63.4
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2012
25.0
16.8
23.6
20.1
538
383
453
5027
51.4
191
300
7.5
1.563
0.0596
63.5
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2013
25.8
17.3
24.2
20.6
507
365
433
4726
50.8
171
290
7.2
1.729
0.0613
61.2
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2014
28.7
19.2
26.4
22.7
461
337
393
4602
50.4
166
286
7.1
1.756
0.0619
66.4
93.2%
6.8%
BMW
Truck
All
2015
28.5
19.0
26.6
22.7
469
337
397
4803
51.0
176
294
7.2
1.692
0.0610
69.2
91.7%
8.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-169 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
100.0%
89.0%
11.0%
100.0%
89.0%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
100.0%
96.6%
3.4%
100.0%
96.6%
5.5%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
100.0%
97.5%
2.5%
100.0%
97.5%
4.3%
BMW
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
100.0%
96.3%
3.7%
100.0%
96.3%
6.7%
BMW
Truck
All
1975
BMW
Truck
All
1976
BMW
Truck
All
1977
BMW
Truck
All
1978
BMW
Truck
All
1979
BMW
Truck
All
1980
BMW
Truck
All
1981
BMW
Truck
All
1982
BMW
Truck
All
1983
BMW
Truck
All
1984
BMW
Truck
All
1985
BMW
Truck
All
1986
BMW
Truck
All
1987
BMW
Truck
All
1988
BMW
Truck
All
1989
BMW
Truck
All
1990
BMW
Truck
All
1991
BMW
Truck
All
1992
BMW
Truck
All
1993
BMW
Truck
All
1994
BMW
Truck
All
1995
BMW
Truck
All
1996
BMW
Truck
All
1997
BMW
Truck
All
1998
BMW
Truck
All
1999
BMW
Truck
All
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2001
4.1%
95.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2002
2.0%
98.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2003
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2004
8.7%
91.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2005
1.9%
98.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2006
1.2%
98.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2007
1.0%
99.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2008
0.7%
99.3%
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2009
0.2%
99.8%
12.9%
79.0%
8.1%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
Truck
All
2010
0.5%
1.2%
98.4%
14.5%
67.1%
18.4%
100.0%
81.6%
1.2%
BMW
Truck
All
2011
0.1%
99.9%
60.2%
24.0%
15.9%
100.0%
84.1%
0.1%
BMW
Truck
All
2012
100.0%
65.5%
16.8%
17.7%
100.0%
82.3%
BMW
Truck
All
2013
100.0%
96.2%
3.8%
100.0%
96.2%
BMW
Truck
All
2014
100.0%
95.1%
4.9%
100.0%
95.1%
BMW
Truck
All
2015
100.0%
89.0%
11.0%
100.0%
89.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-170 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
BMW
Truck
All
2016
28.8
19.5
25.9
22.7
440
338
393
4705
50.6
164
287
7.1
1.772
0.0608
70.3
91.1%
8.9%
BMW
Truck
All
2017
28.8
19.5
26.1
22.8
443
336
391
4650
50.6
163
284
7.1
1.777
0.0610
68.8
87.5%
12.5%
BMW
Truck
All
2018
29.1
19.7
25.9
22.8
430
339
389
4856
50.8
167
297
7.1
1.809
0.0612
72.2
90.0%
10.0%
BMW
All
All
1975
17.2
13.4
16.7
14.7
634
486
605
3214
161
138
0.865
0.0423
28.4
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1976
18.4
14.5
17.4
15.6
598
494
568
3178
159
133
0.854
0.0414
29.2
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1977
19.8
15.5
19.0
16.9
554
451
526
3056
148
129
0.895
0.0420
30.5
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1978
19.2
14.7
19.0
16.4
588
452
543
3065
147
128
11.5
0.893
0.0416
29.5
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1979
19.5
15.0
19.3
16.7
577
447
533
3151
150
132
12.4
0.912
0.0419
30.8
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1980
25.0
19.6
23.7
21.3
432
358
418
3064
136
122
13.1
0.928
0.0394
38.8
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1981
25.6
20.1
24.2
21.8
423
351
409
3005
131
117
13.3
0.925
0.0387
38.9
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1982
25.4
19.9
24.0
21.6
429
355
412
2980
142
118
14.0
0.869
0.0395
38.4
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1983
25.3
19.8
24.1
21.6
437
359
412
3019
146
126
12.5
0.881
0.0413
38.5
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1984
27.0
20.9
26.2
23.0
414
333
387
2905
143
122
12.2
0.877
0.0417
39.3
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1985
25.4
19.4
25.3
21.7
447
345
412
3191
160
129
12.3
0.822
0.0402
40.8
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1986
25.0
18.9
24.9
21.2
461
349
419
3232
175
132
11.4
0.758
0.0409
40.7
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1987
23.9
18.0
23.9
20.3
483
364
437
3236
171
147
10.9
0.868
0.0455
39.1
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1988
21.3
15.9
21.1
18.0
542
412
494
3577
185
177
10.6
0.964
0.0492
38.4
1.9%
98.1%
BMW
All
All
1989
21.7
16.3
21.3
18.3
538
413
485
3494
176
184
9.7
1.068
0.0529
38.0
3.4%
96.6%
BMW
All
All
1990
21.9
16.2
21.7
18.4
543
407
483
3584
179
187
9.1
1.064
0.0522
39.2
1.0%
99.0%
BMW
All
All
1991
22.8
16.6
22.8
19.1
518
383
464
3557
164
183
9.4
1.146
0.0510
40.7
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1992
23.8
17.1
24.1
19.9
516
366
446
3648
156
186
9.2
1.205
0.0509
43.4
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1993
25.0
17.8
25.4
20.9
493
345
425
3640
161
194
8.4
1.221
0.0530
45.6
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1994
24.9
17.5
25.3
20.8
501
347
428
3660
164
198
8.4
1.218
0.0536
45.6
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1995
25.1
17.6
25.4
20.8
501
348
426
3760
167
203
8.6
1.226
0.0536
47.1
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1996
27.1
19.0
26.8
22.3
463
328
398
3453
161
181
9.1
1.141
0.0517
46.7
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1997
25.5
17.7
25.4
21.1
496
346
422
3572
182
202
8.6
1.125
0.0561
45.5
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1998
25.2
17.4
25.0
20.7
507
353
429
3595
184
205
8.7
1.124
0.0567
45.2
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1999
25.2
17.3
25.0
20.7
513
354
430
3676
179
199
8.9
1.115
0.0540
46.2
100.0%
BMW
All
All
2000
24.3
16.6
24.1
19.9
531
365
446
3721
182
201
8.5
1.107
0.0538
45.3
100.0%
BMW
All
All
2001
23.3
16.0
22.6
19.0
548
385
467
3959
190
226
8.1
1.201
0.0574
46.2
26.7%
73.3%
BMW
All
All
2002
24.7
16.8
23.9
20.1
518
365
442
3911
179
222
8.3
1.246
0.0568
48.4
7.2%
24.7%
68.2%
BMW
All
All
2003
25.2
17.0
24.2
20.4
510
358
435
3811
174
215
8.3
1.250
0.0565
48.1
12.1%
23.8%
64.1%
BMW
All
All
2004
24.9
16.6
24.2
20.2
526
361
440
3807
174
217
8.3
1.254
0.0570
47.4
10.6%
29.6%
59.8%
BMW
All
All
2005
25.1
16.7
24.0
20.2
520
362
440
3803
171
217
8.3
1.283
0.0567
47.6
20.2%
32.6%
47.2%
BMW
All
All
2006
25.8
17.1
24.9
20.8
509
350
427
3779
187
231
7.8
1.252
0.0608
49.0
14.0%
16.5%
69.5%
BMW
All
All
2007
26.7
17.6
25.7
21.5
493
340
414
3860
189
249
7.5
1.334
0.0639
51.6
11.7%
33.6%
54.7%
BMW
All
All
2008
26.3
17.4
25.4
21.2
498
342
419
3961
46.2
188
260
7.5
1.392
0.0652
52.4
11.5%
34.1%
54.4%
BMW
All
All
2009
27.3
18.0
26.2
21.9
476
331
407
3903
45.4
178
249
7.5
1.410
0.0632
53.6
18.5%
33.7%
47.8%
BMW
All
All
2010
27.6
18.3
26.3
22.1
471
330
404
3899
45.8
174
255
7.5
1.468
0.0645
54.2
23.9%
36.5%
39.6%
BMW
All
All
2011
28.4
18.7
26.9
22.6
0
0
395
4045
46.8
180
262
7.2
1.460
0.0644
58.3
11.6%
41.4%
47.0%
BMW
All
All
2012
30.0
19.7
27.5
23.5
433
315
380
4071
47.3
160
264
7.3
1.660
0.0637
61.6
23.1%
41.9%
35.0%
BMW
All
All
2013
30.8
20.2
28.7
24.3
425
303
366
4012
47.4
151
267
7.0
1.792
0.0658
62.3
16.5%
48.4%
35.1%
BMW
All
All
2014
33.2
21.7
30.8
26.1
0
0
341
4017
47.8
145
265
6.9
1.880
0.0653
70.6
9.9%
51.0%
39.1%
BMW
All
All
2015
33.2
21.7
30.8
26.1
0
0
341
4006
47.5
144
263
7.0
1.880
0.0651
69.7
13.5%
48.2%
38.3%
BMW
All
All
2016
32.4
21.3
30.0
25.5
0
0
349
4080
48.0
146
263
6.9
1.819
0.0639
68.5
10.7%
53.9%
35.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-171 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
BMW
Truck
All
2016
100.0%
96.6%
3.4%
100.0%
96.6%
5.5%
BMW
Truck
All
2017
100.0%
97.5%
2.5%
100.0%
97.5%
4.3%
BMW
Truck
All
2018
100.0%
96.3%
3.7%
100.0%
96.3%
6.7%
BMW
All
All
1975
57.8%
42.2%
51.9%
48.1%
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1976
40.6%
59.4%
58.3%
41.7%
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1977
67.7%
32.3%
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1978
62.8%
37.2%
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1979
67.5%
32.5%
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1980
69.5%
30.5%
2.3%
97.7%
100.0%
BMW
All
All
1981
71.0%
29.0%
100.0%
98.2%
1.8%
BMW
All
All
1982
62.8%
37.2%
100.0%
97.6%
2.4%
BMW
All
All
1983
63.3%
36.7%
100.0%
99.5%
0.5%
BMW
All
All
1984
64.9%
35.1%
100.0%
99.2%
0.8%
BMW
All
All
1985
52.0%
1.3%
46.7%
97.0%
3.0%
99.0%
1.0%
0.0%
BMW
All
All
1986
49.8%
1.2%
49.0%
98.8%
1.2%
99.1%
0.8%
0.0%
BMW
All
All
1987
56.9%
1.0%
42.1%
100.0%
99.3%
0.7%
0.0%
BMW
All
All
1988
31.1%
1.3%
67.7%
100.0%
6.7%
69.7%
30.3%
0.0%
BMW
All
All
1989
26.2%
1.3%
72.5%
100.0%
1.3%
85.0%
15.0%
BMW
All
All
1990
27.8%
0.8%
71.4%
100.0%
1.4%
80.5%
19.5%
BMW
All
All
1991
41.3%
1.1%
57.6%
100.0%
54.4%
22.8%
87.7%
12.3%
BMW
All
All
1992
33.0%
67.0%
100.0%
82.5%
71.8%
95.3%
4.7%
BMW
All
All
1993
28.9%
71.1%
100.0%
96.7%
65.7%
85.5%
14.5%
0.0%
BMW
All
All
1994
24.9%
75.1%
100.0%
99.4%
62.8%
88.2%
11.8%
0.0%
BMW
All
All
1995
27.0%
73.0%
100.0%
99.2%
59.5%
84.8%
15.2%
0.0%
BMW
All
All
1996
37.9%
62.1%
100.0%
97.6%
99.7%
89.1%
0.3%
10.6%
BMW
All
All
1997
30.9%
69.1%
100.0%
99.4%
99.9%
86.4%
3.5%
10.1%
BMW
All
All
1998
32.0%
68.0%
100.0%
99.1%
100.0%
84.8%
4.0%
11.1%
BMW
All
All
1999
32.1%
67.9%
100.0%
99.4%
99.7%
92.4%
2.2%
5.4%
BMW
All
All
2000
27.1%
72.9%
100.0%
99.9%
99.9%
BMW
All
All
2001
19.5%
80.5%
100.0%
99.7%
100.0%
BMW
All
All
2002
24.2%
74.4%
1.3%
100.0%
100.0%
92.8%
BMW
All
All
2003
21.6%
75.1%
3.2%
100.0%
100.0%
87.9%
BMW
All
All
2004
19.7%
77.1%
3.2%
100.0%
100.0%
89.4%
BMW
All
All
2005
19.2%
75.4%
5.4%
100.0%
100.0%
79.8%
BMW
All
All
2006
14.9%
81.9%
3.2%
100.0%
100.0%
86.1%
BMW
All
All
2007
13.1%
86.4%
0.5%
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
98.0%
BMW
All
All
2008
12.4%
87.1%
0.4%
9.4%
90.6%
100.0%
98.4%
BMW
All
All
2009
15.4%
84.6%
27.7%
70.5%
1.9%
100.0%
100.0%
BMW
All
All
2010
11.8%
0.2%
88.0%
33.3%
62.8%
3.9%
100.0%
96.1%
0.2%
BMW
All
All
2011
8.7%
3.5%
87.8%
42.3%
53.0%
4.5%
99.8%
95.3%
0.2%
BMW
All
All
2012
9.7%
2.3%
87.9%
71.2%
24.3%
4.5%
100.0%
95.5%
0.2%
BMW
All
All
2013
6.5%
2.7%
90.8%
84.9%
14.2%
0.9%
100.0%
99.1%
0.5%
BMW
All
All
2014
3.9%
3.7%
92.3%
89.2%
4.7%
5.3%
99.1%
92.3%
1.8%
BMW
All
All
2015
4.4%
5.0%
90.6%
92.7%
3.3%
3.5%
99.5%
94.4%
2.1%
BMW
All
All
2016
3.7%
3.9%
92.4%
96.3%
1.9%
1.6%
99.8%
97.2%
2.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-172 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
BMW
All
All
2017
32.8
21.8
30.3
25.9
0
0
341
4107
47.9
143
257
7.0
1.809
0.0620
72.3
11.4%
54.5%
34.1%
BMW
All
All
2018
33.6
22.1
30.4
26.2
0
0
336
4137
48.0
143
261
6.9
1.822
0.0627
74.4
13.0%
55.2%
31.8%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
17.1
13.3
16.6
14.6
647
519
609
2812
140
115
0.810
0.0404
24.6
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
21.9
17.0
21.2
18.7
502
406
476
2853
140
115
0.801
0.0397
32.0
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
29.3
23.3
27.4
25.0
356
314
356
2525
86.5
105
79
0.722
0.0301
38.1
2652
3284
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
35.5
28.9
31.8
30.2
302
275
295
2269
86.3
80
54
17.9
0.668
0.0237
40.8
3112
3520
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
25.6
19.8
25.0
21.9
419
344
407
2554
75.8
113
92
14.7
0.798
0.0354
33.9
2167
2678
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
26.0
20.2
25.1
22.2
416
343
401
2559
80.9
112
78
16.1
0.703
0.0305
34.2
2292
2858
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
31.1
24.8
28.7
26.4
346
303
336
2449
87.2
111
77
15.8
0.692
0.0315
38.7
2872
3453
35.6%
64.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
29.4
23.4
27.3
25.0
366
317
356
2523
82.5
116
79
16.8
0.683
0.0314
38.0
2602
3243
29.7%
70.3%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
28.9
22.6
27.5
24.6
371
308
361
2493
82.3
119
85
14.5
0.713
0.0339
37.6
2650
3278
58.6%
41.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
30.0
23.4
28.9
25.6
361
298
347
2548
90.2
118
85
14.7
0.720
0.0332
39.7
2943
3726
74.9%
25.1%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
29.7
23.1
28.6
25.3
365
301
352
2547
88.9
118
85
14.5
0.719
0.0332
39.2
2877
3642
72.4%
27.6%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
29.4
22.6
28.5
25.0
381
307
356
2693
99.3
122
102
12.7
0.836
0.0377
40.2
3027
4031
76.2%
23.8%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
29.2
22.2
28.5
24.7
388
307
359
2716
92.5
122
104
12.8
0.847
0.0380
40.3
2863
3804
76.3%
23.7%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
28.4
21.5
27.6
24.0
403
318
371
2870
100.5
129
113
12.6
0.875
0.0390
41.1
2959
4184
75.6%
24.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
29.5
22.2
28.2
24.7
393
311
359
2857
106.6
125
108
12.5
0.858
0.0374
42.2
3190
4523
86.2%
0.0%
13.8%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
29.9
22.3
28.8
25.0
391
305
355
2870
95.4
123
114
11.2
0.935
0.0396
43.1
2898
4176
67.2%
0.7%
32.1%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
30.2
22.4
28.9
25.2
391
304
353
2866
98.5
122
113
11.4
0.927
0.0393
43.4
3018
4335
75.2%
0.1%
24.7%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
30.5
22.6
28.9
25.3
388
303
351
2898
99.6
121
119
11.1
0.976
0.0404
44.2
3075
4446
72.8%
27.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
30.1
22.0
28.6
24.9
397
306
357
2890
99.5
125
123
10.1
0.987
0.0424
43.8
3047
4398
83.6%
16.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
30.3
22.0
28.8
25.0
399
305
356
2877
100.6
123
119
10.2
0.974
0.0414
43.9
3098
4460
79.8%
20.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
30.6
21.9
29.5
25.2
400
297
353
2981
103.4
120
123
10.7
1.028
0.0410
46.0
3226
4791
89.7%
10.3%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
31.5
22.4
29.9
25.8
391
293
345
2895
102.5
115
118
11.2
1.019
0.0406
46.0
3293
4780
89.1%
10.9%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
30.8
21.8
29.1
25.1
403
302
354
2914
103.1
116
119
11.2
1.022
0.0406
45.2
3222
4710
89.4%
10.6%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
30.0
21.1
28.2
24.4
415
313
365
3018
109.9
118
125
11.5
1.050
0.0409
45.4
3331
4985
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
30.2
21.3
27.9
24.4
413
317
365
2926
100.1
118
129
10.8
1.089
0.0441
44.2
3044
4477
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
30.0
21.1
27.5
24.1
416
321
368
2955
103.1
118
129
10.4
1.092
0.0435
44.5
3124
4611
91.5%
8.5%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
29.3
20.5
26.8
23.5
430
330
378
3036
100.3
123
135
10.0
1.098
0.0444
44.6
2964
4503
86.6%
13.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
29.6
20.5
26.7
23.6
430
331
377
3076
105.0
127
138
10.0
1.088
0.0447
45.6
3124
4806
92.5%
7.5%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
30.0
20.6
27.0
23.8
428
328
374
3160
105.1
134
152
9.5
1.127
0.0477
47.4
3167
5019
91.8%
8.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
28.0
19.0
25.7
22.3
459
342
399
3292
107.5
152
184
8.4
1.218
0.0558
46.4
3061
5022
76.4%
23.6%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
29.5
20.0
26.6
23.3
440
331
382
3238
108.8
136
171
CO
CO
1.329
0.0529
48.0
3250
5245
87.7%
12.3%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
30.3
20.4
27.6
23.9
431
320
371
3216
107.4
138
172
8.6
1.267
0.0534
49.0
3283
5297
83.8%
3.3%
12.9%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
31.0
20.9
28.1
24.5
422
314
363
3194
109.0
134
165
9.0
1.257
0.0519
49.7
3406
5449
89.8%
1.0%
9.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
32.0
21.5
28.9
25.2
412
306
353
3133
43.0
105.5
131
162
9.1
1.245
0.0517
50.2
3399
5344
90.5%
9.5%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
31.2
20.9
28.6
24.7
421
309
360
3292
45.0
110.1
144
175
8.7
1.250
0.0530
51.6
3470
5714
92.3%
7.7%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
33.4
22.3
30.5
26.3
397
290
338
3246
44.1
109.0
138
164
9.0
1.192
0.0504
54.3
3669
5950
96.1%
3.9%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
34.5
22.9
30.6
26.7
385
289
332
3127
43.5
107.2
130
154
9.3
1.185
0.0489
53.9
3723
5811
95.8%
4.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
37.8
24.8
33.6
29.1
353
261
305
3089
43.8
107.7
128
157
9.0
1.225
0.0505
59.0
4147
6386
96.8%
3.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
38.9
25.5
34.3
29.9
343
256
298
2997
43.1
105.9
122
153
9.0
1.249
0.0509
59.1
4208
6302
95.8%
4.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
42.4
27.5
37.0
32.2
321
239
276
3139
45.5
110.5
132
162
CO
CO
1.227
0.0515
66.8
4731
7438
97.9%
2.1%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
42.9
27.7
37.6
32.6
319
235
273
3185
46.0
111.2
135
168
8.5
1.245
0.0526
68.5
4817
7670
97.3%
2.7%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
42.9
27.8
37.2
32.5
318
238
274
3124
45.2
106.8
132
164
8.6
1.241
0.0525
67.1
4609
7247
84.2%
7.9%
7.9%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
40.8
26.9
36.0
31.5
329
246
283
3206
45.3
107.2
136
167
8.6
1.233
0.0522
65.5
4390
7082
85.3%
6.9%
7.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-173 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
BMW
All
All
2017
3.3%
4.5%
92.2%
96.0%
2.1%
1.3%
99.3%
96.0%
4.8%
BMW
All
All
2018
3.8%
5.3%
90.9%
94.4%
2.6%
2.3%
99.3%
94.4%
6.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
61.3%
38.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
51.5%
48.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
80.7%
19.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
75.2%
24.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
80.2%
19.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
79.0%
21.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
78.2%
21.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
75.6%
24.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
78.2%
21.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
70.4%
27.5%
2.1%
94.0%
5.4%
0.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
68.0%
28.5%
3.4%
95.6%
3.9%
0.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
64.4%
31.7%
3.9%
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
62.1%
15.3%
22.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
54.3%
0.6%
45.1%
100.0%
50.7%
50.7%
49.3%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
47.2%
0.4%
52.5%
100.0%
58.0%
42.1%
57.9%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
54.8%
45.2%
100.0%
72.5%
54.4%
45.6%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
51.4%
48.6%
100.0%
73.3%
52.9%
47.1%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
45.2%
54.8%
100.0%
83.4%
69.8%
30.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
43.7%
56.3%
100.0%
79.2%
58.6%
41.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
35.9%
64.1%
100.0%
98.7%
63.8%
36.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
25.6%
74.4%
100.0%
99.5%
64.0%
36.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
30.6%
69.4%
100.0%
100.0%
55.7%
44.3%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
28.2%
71.8%
100.0%
100.0%
54.5%
45.5%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
100.0%
46.7%
53.3%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
23.6%
76.4%
100.0%
100.0%
58.3%
41.7%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
20.2%
79.8%
100.0%
100.0%
59.8%
40.2%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
20.0%
80.0%
100.0%
100.0%
62.0%
38.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
22.3%
77.7%
100.0%
100.0%
72.9%
27.1%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
29.1%
70.9%
100.0%
100.0%
36.1%
63.9%
36.1%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
32.8%
67.2%
100.0%
82.3%
80.7%
60.2%
38.2%
1.6%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
25.0%
75.0%
100.0%
90.0%
90.0%
61.3%
38.7%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
28.8%
71.2%
100.0%
96.9%
87.3%
58.3%
41.7%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
22.2%
77.8%
100.0%
97.2%
97.2%
64.6%
35.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
22.2%
77.8%
4.2%
95.8%
98.9%
98.9%
72.7%
27.3%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
18.9%
81.1%
3.0%
97.0%
96.8%
96.8%
55.2%
44.8%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
16.8%
83.2%
2.6%
97.4%
99.4%
99.4%
76.0%
24.0%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
15.4%
84.6%
2.1%
97.9%
99.5%
99.5%
80.6%
19.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
13.7%
86.3%
48.5%
51.5%
100.0%
100.0%
62.4%
37.6%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
15.9%
84.1%
57.6%
42.4%
100.0%
100.0%
67.7%
32.3%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
10.9%
89.1%
88.4%
11.6%
100.0%
100.0%
46.2%
53.8%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
11.5%
88.5%
97.3%
2.7%
100.0%
100.0%
42.6%
57.4%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
12.2%
87.8%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
53.2%
46.8%
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
11.9%
88.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
49.0%
51.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-174 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
40.3
26.3
34.8
30.6
336
254
291
3366
45.3
109.0
141
179
8.4
1.263
0.0530
67.8
4413
7448
90.7%
4.2%
5.1%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1975
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1976
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1977
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1978
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1979
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1980
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1981
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1982
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1983
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1984
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1985
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1986
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1987
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1988
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1989
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1990
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1991
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1992
21.4
15.8
20.6
17.9
562
430
497
4000
231
170
10.3
0.736
0.0425
42.8
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1993
21.8
15.9
21.1
18.2
557
420
489
4000
231
170
9.7
0.736
0.0425
43.6
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1994
21.4
15.6
20.6
17.8
568
430
499
4000
231
170
9.6
0.736
0.0425
42.9
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1995
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1996
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1997
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1998
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1999
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2000
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2001
24.6
17.0
23.4
20.0
519
380
445
3500
176
193
CO
CO
1.095
0.0550
43.3
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2002
25.1
17.4
23.4
20.2
511
380
439
3500
178
195
CO
CO
1.097
0.0557
44.0
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2003
25.2
17.2
23.6
20.3
516
376
438
3500
179
196
8.7
1.097
0.0561
44.1
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2004
25.2
17.1
23.6
20.2
519
377
439
3500
178
195
CO
CO
1.097
0.0558
44.2
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2005
26.5
18.3
23.3
20.9
482
380
425
3500
164
180
9.3
1.096
0.0515
46.5
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2006
27.2
18.9
23.5
21.3
467
377
417
3500
156
171
9.7
1.095
0.0487
47.7
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2007
24.2
16.5
22.1
19.3
538
402
461
4000
140
244
7.5
1.743
0.0610
48.4
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2008
26.6
18.1
24.0
21.1
485
370
422
3767
45.8
143
204
8.9
1.433
0.0538
50.2
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2009
26.9
18.4
24.1
21.3
478
366
418
3839
46.4
145
221
7.9
1.537
0.0574
51.9
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2010
29.4
19.7
27.2
23.4
451
326
380
3564
47.7
151
173
9.4
1.148
0.0483
52.4
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2011
29.7
19.9
27.1
23.4
447
328
379
3518
47.8
153
165
9.7
1.082
0.0468
52.3
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2012
29.5
19.7
26.7
23.2
451
332
383
4000
48.1
152
162
10.5
1.066
0.0406
59.1
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2013
38.5
26.3
31.7
29.1
339
280
305
3500
46.1
122
155
9.9
1.270
0.0443
67.4
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2014
36.9
24.9
31.3
28.2
356
284
315
3500
46.1
144
176
9.0
1.223
0.0504
64.7
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2015
36.8
24.8
31.2
28.1
357
285
316
3500
46.1
146
178
9.0
1.219
0.0509
64.4
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2016
38.9
26.3
32.5
29.5
338
273
301
3500
46.1
152
184
8.7
1.207
0.0524
68.1
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2017
36.6
24.0
31.2
27.6
370
285
321
4000
46.3
153
187
9.3
1.226
0.0468
73.2
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2018
37.6
25.6
30.9
28.4
353
292
319
4000
46.3
150
185
9.4
1.229
0.0462
75.2
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-175 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mazda
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
6.3%
93.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
52.0%
48.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1975
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1976
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1977
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1978
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1979
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1980
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1981
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1982
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1983
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1984
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1985
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1986
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1987
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1988
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1989
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1990
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1991
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1992
31.5%
68.5%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1993
24.6%
75.4%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1994
31.7%
68.3%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1995
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1996
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1997
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1998
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
1999
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2000
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2001
10.6%
89.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2002
7.1%
92.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2003
5.3%
94.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2004
6.6%
93.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2005
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2006
7.8%
92.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2008
2.8%
96.2%
1.0%
52.4%
47.6%
100.0%
100.0%
1.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2009
2.9%
95.6%
1.5%
66.3%
33.7%
100.0%
100.0%
1.5%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2010
0.4%
99.5%
0.0%
12.7%
87.3%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2011
0.4%
99.6%
3.6%
96.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2012
100.0%
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2013
6.5%
93.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2014
5.6%
94.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2015
2.5%
97.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2016
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
Car SUV
2018
100.0%
87.4%
12.6%
100.0%
87.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-176 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mazda
Car
All
1975
17.1
13.3
16.6
14.6
647
519
609
2812
140
115
0.810
0.0404
24.6
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1976
21.9
17.0
21.2
18.7
502
406
476
2853
140
115
0.801
0.0397
32.0
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1977
29.3
23.3
27.4
25.0
356
314
356
2525
105
79
0.722
0.0301
38.1
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1978
35.5
28.9
31.8
30.2
302
275
295
2269
80
54
17.9
0.668
0.0237
40.8
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1979
25.6
19.8
25.0
21.9
419
344
407
2554
113
92
14.7
0.798
0.0354
33.9
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1980
26.0
20.2
25.1
22.2
416
343
401
2559
112
78
16.1
0.703
0.0305
34.2
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1981
31.1
24.8
28.7
26.4
346
303
336
2449
111
77
15.8
0.692
0.0315
38.7
35.6%
64.4%
Mazda
Car
All
1982
29.4
23.4
27.3
25.0
366
317
356
2523
116
79
16.8
0.683
0.0314
38.0
29.7%
70.3%
Mazda
Car
All
1983
28.9
22.6
27.5
24.6
371
308
361
2493
119
85
14.5
0.713
0.0339
37.6
58.6%
41.4%
Mazda
Car
All
1984
30.0
23.4
28.9
25.6
361
298
347
2548
118
85
14.7
0.720
0.0332
39.7
74.9%
25.1%
Mazda
Car
All
1985
29.7
23.1
28.6
25.3
365
301
352
2547
118
85
14.5
0.719
0.0332
39.2
72.4%
27.6%
Mazda
Car
All
1986
29.4
22.6
28.5
25.0
381
307
356
2693
122
102
12.7
0.836
0.0377
40.2
76.2%
23.8%
Mazda
Car
All
1987
29.2
22.2
28.5
24.7
388
307
359
2716
122
104
12.8
0.847
0.0380
40.3
76.3%
23.7%
Mazda
Car
All
1988
28.4
21.5
27.6
24.0
403
318
371
2870
129
113
12.6
0.875
0.0390
41.1
75.6%
24.4%
Mazda
Car
All
1989
29.5
22.2
28.2
24.7
393
311
359
2857
125
108
12.5
0.858
0.0374
42.2
86.2%
0.0%
13.8%
Mazda
Car
All
1990
29.9
22.3
28.8
25.0
391
305
355
2870
123
114
11.2
0.935
0.0396
43.1
67.2%
0.7%
32.1%
Mazda
Car
All
1991
30.2
22.4
28.9
25.2
391
304
353
2866
122
113
11.4
0.927
0.0393
43.4
75.2%
0.1%
24.7%
Mazda
Car
All
1992
30.2
22.4
28.6
25.1
391
305
354
2921
123
120
11.0
0.971
0.0404
44.1
71.3%
28.7%
Mazda
Car
All
1993
30.0
22.0
28.6
24.8
398
307
358
2895
125
123
10.1
0.986
0.0424
43.8
83.2%
16.8%
Mazda
Car
All
1994
30.2
21.9
28.7
24.9
400
305
357
2885
124
120
10.2
0.972
0.0414
43.9
79.2%
20.8%
Mazda
Car
All
1995
30.6
21.9
29.5
25.2
400
297
353
2981
120
123
10.7
1.028
0.0410
46.0
89.7%
10.3%
Mazda
Car
All
1996
31.5
22.4
29.9
25.8
391
293
345
2895
115
118
11.2
1.019
0.0406
46.0
89.1%
10.9%
Mazda
Car
All
1997
30.8
21.8
29.1
25.1
403
302
354
2914
116
119
11.2
1.022
0.0406
45.2
89.4%
10.6%
Mazda
Car
All
1998
30.0
21.1
28.2
24.4
415
313
365
3018
118
125
11.5
1.050
0.0409
45.4
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1999
30.2
21.3
27.9
24.4
413
317
365
2926
118
129
10.8
1.089
0.0441
44.2
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2000
30.0
21.1
27.5
24.1
416
321
368
2955
118
129
10.4
1.092
0.0435
44.5
91.5%
8.5%
Mazda
Car
All
2001
28.4
19.8
26.2
22.9
442
337
389
3109
131
144
9.8
1.097
0.0461
44.4
88.8%
11.2%
Mazda
Car
All
2002
28.9
20.1
26.3
23.1
438
336
384
3125
133
145
9.9
1.089
0.0460
45.4
93.4%
6.6%
Mazda
Car
All
2003
29.2
20.1
26.5
23.2
438
334
383
3207
140
158
9.4
1.123
0.0489
46.9
92.9%
7.1%
Mazda
Car
All
2004
27.8
18.9
25.5
22.1
463
345
402
3308
154
185
8.4
1.209
0.0558
46.3
78.2%
21.8%
Mazda
Car
All
2005
29.0
19.7
26.0
22.9
446
338
389
3277
140
173
CO
CO
1.294
0.0527
47.8
89.5%
10.5%
Mazda
Car
All
2006
30.0
20.2
27.1
23.6
434
325
376
3245
140
172
CO
CO
1.250
0.0529
48.8
85.5%
2.9%
11.6%
Mazda
Car
All
2007
29.9
20.1
27.1
23.6
435
324
377
3305
135
176
CO
CO
1.324
0.0531
49.5
91.2%
0.8%
7.9%
Mazda
Car
All
2008
30.9
20.8
27.9
24.4
422
315
365
3238
43.5
133
169
9.0
1.277
0.0521
50.2
92.1%
7.9%
Mazda
Car
All
2009
30.7
20.6
28.0
24.2
427
314
367
3354
45.1
144
181
8.6
1.283
0.0535
51.6
93.1%
6.9%
Mazda
Car
All
2010
32.8
21.8
29.9
25.8
404
295
344
3293
44.6
140
165
9.0
1.185
0.0501
54.1
96.7%
3.3%
Mazda
Car
All
2011
33.4
22.2
29.8
26.0
396
296
342
3205
44.3
135
156
9.4
1.164
0.0485
53.6
96.6%
3.4%
Mazda
Car
All
2012
37.4
24.5
33.3
28.8
356
263
308
3122
43.9
129
157
9.0
1.219
0.0501
59.0
97.0%
3.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2013
38.9
25.6
33.8
29.7
342
260
299
3086
43.6
122
154
9.2
1.253
0.0497
60.6
96.5%
3.5%
Mazda
Car
All
2014
41.0
26.9
35.5
31.2
328
248
285
3222
45.6
135
166
CO
CO
1.226
0.0513
66.3
98.4%
1.6%
Mazda
Car
All
2015
41.4
27.0
36.0
31.5
327
244
282
3252
46.1
137
170
8.6
1.239
0.0523
67.7
97.8%
2.2%
Mazda
Car
All
2016
41.6
27.3
35.7
31.6
324
247
282
3234
45.4
138
170
8.6
1.231
0.0525
67.4
88.8%
5.6%
5.6%
Mazda
Car
All
2017
39.9
26.3
35.0
30.6
337
253
290
3361
45.5
139
171
8.7
1.231
0.0511
67.0
88.2%
5.5%
6.3%
Mazda
Car
All
2018
39.7
26.2
33.9
30.1
340
261
296
3500
45.5
143
180
8.6
1.255
0.0515
69.4
92.7%
3.3%
4.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-177 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mazda
Car
All
1975
61.3%
38.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1976
51.5%
48.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1977
80.7%
19.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1978
75.2%
24.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1979
80.2%
19.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1980
79.0%
21.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1981
78.2%
21.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1982
75.6%
24.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1983
78.2%
21.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1984
70.4%
27.5%
2.1%
94.0%
5.4%
0.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1985
68.0%
28.5%
3.4%
95.6%
3.9%
0.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1986
64.4%
31.7%
3.9%
1.5%
98.5%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1987
62.1%
15.3%
22.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1988
54.3%
0.6%
45.1%
100.0%
50.7%
50.7%
49.3%
Mazda
Car
All
1989
47.2%
0.4%
52.5%
100.0%
58.0%
42.1%
57.9%
Mazda
Car
All
1990
54.8%
45.2%
100.0%
72.5%
54.4%
45.6%
Mazda
Car
All
1991
51.4%
48.6%
100.0%
73.3%
52.9%
47.1%
Mazda
Car
All
1992
44.9%
55.1%
100.0%
81.7%
Mazda
Car
All
1993
43.6%
56.4%
100.0%
78.8%
Mazda
Car
All
1994
35.8%
64.2%
100.0%
98.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1995
25.6%
74.4%
100.0%
99.5%
64.0%
36.0%
Mazda
Car
All
1996
30.6%
69.4%
100.0%
100.0%
55.7%
44.3%
Mazda
Car
All
1997
28.2%
71.8%
100.0%
100.0%
54.5%
45.5%
Mazda
Car
All
1998
16.7%
83.3%
100.0%
100.0%
46.7%
53.3%
Mazda
Car
All
1999
23.6%
76.4%
100.0%
100.0%
58.3%
41.7%
Mazda
Car
All
2000
20.2%
79.8%
100.0%
100.0%
59.8%
40.2%
Mazda
Car
All
2001
18.5%
81.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2002
20.5%
79.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2003
25.8%
74.2%
100.0%
100.0%
31.2%
Mazda
Car
All
2004
30.9%
69.1%
100.0%
83.6%
74.6%
Mazda
Car
All
2005
22.1%
77.9%
100.0%
91.5%
76.4%
Mazda
Car
All
2006
26.6%
73.4%
100.0%
97.3%
78.3%
Mazda
Car
All
2007
19.1%
80.9%
100.0%
97.6%
97.6%
Mazda
Car
All
2008
19.0%
80.8%
0.2%
12.2%
87.8%
99.1%
99.1%
0.2%
Mazda
Car
All
2009
17.1%
82.8%
0.2%
10.1%
89.9%
97.2%
97.2%
0.2%
Mazda
Car
All
2010
14.3%
85.7%
0.0%
4.1%
95.9%
99.5%
99.5%
0.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2011
12.4%
87.6%
2.4%
97.6%
99.6%
99.6%
Mazda
Car
All
2012
13.2%
86.8%
46.8%
53.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2013
14.2%
85.8%
65.1%
34.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2014
9.7%
90.3%
91.1%
8.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2015
9.6%
90.4%
97.8%
2.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2016
9.1%
90.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2017
9.6%
90.4%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Car
All
2018
5.0%
95.0%
97.3%
2.7%
100.0%
97.3%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1975
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-178 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mazda
Truck
Van
1976
Mazda
Truck
Van
1977
Mazda
Truck
Van
1978
Mazda
Truck
Van
1979
Mazda
Truck
Van
1980
Mazda
Truck
Van
1981
Mazda
Truck
Van
1982
Mazda
Truck
Van
1983
Mazda
Truck
Van
1984
Mazda
Truck
Van
1985
Mazda
Truck
Van
1986
Mazda
Truck
Van
1987
Mazda
Truck
Van
1988
Mazda
Truck
Van
1989
22.5
16.9
22.0
19.0
525
403
469
3998
174
142
13.5
0.814
0.0356
45.1
4.8%
95.2%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1990
20.2
15.3
19.3
17.0
579
458
524
4000
177
147
12.6
0.825
0.0366
40.6
88.0%
12.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1991
20.3
15.2
19.3
17.0
580
458
523
3999
177
146
12.7
0.824
0.0365
40.8
86.7%
13.3%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1992
21.3
15.7
20.6
17.8
565
430
500
4081
179
153
12.1
0.855
0.0375
43.5
16.3%
83.7%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1993
21.4
15.7
20.7
17.9
564
429
498
4050
180
155
11.1
0.861
0.0383
43.4
10.1%
89.9%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1994
21.3
15.5
20.7
17.7
573
429
501
4067
179
151
11.5
0.841
0.0371
43.4
95.5%
4.5%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1995
20.9
15.1
20.1
17.3
587
440
513
4089
180
152
11.7
0.844
0.0372
42.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1996
20.8
15.0
20.0
17.2
593
444
517
4133
180
152
12.2
0.844
0.0369
42.9
26.6%
73.4%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1997
20.5
14.8
19.5
16.9
600
454
525
4178
180
152
12.2
0.844
0.0365
42.9
35.6%
64.4%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1998
20.0
14.4
18.9
16.4
617
469
541
4287
180
152
12.8
0.844
0.0356
42.9
57.4%
42.6%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1999
Mazda
Truck
Van
2000
23.1
16.3
21.4
18.7
544
415
474
4000
152
170
10.9
1.118
0.0425
46.2
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2001
23.2
16.3
21.4
18.7
546
415
474
4000
152
160
11.1
1.053
0.0400
46.3
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2002
23.7
16.2
22.9
19.3
550
388
461
4000
183
200
9.7
1.093
0.0500
47.4
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2003
23.8
16.1
22.9
19.3
553
389
461
4000
183
200
9.3
1.093
0.0500
47.5
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2004
23.7
16.0
22.8
19.2
556
391
463
4000
183
200
9.3
1.093
0.0500
47.5
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2005
23.7
15.8
22.6
19.1
561
393
465
4000
183
200
9.3
1.093
0.0500
47.4
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2006
23.6
15.8
22.5
19.0
563
394
467
4000
183
200
9.4
1.093
0.0500
47.2
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2007
Mazda
Truck
Van
2008
30.7
20.9
27.3
24.1
426
326
369
3500
45.3
140
153
10.6
1.093
0.0437
53.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2009
30.3
20.7
26.8
23.8
429
332
374
3500
45.3
140
153
10.4
1.093
0.0437
53.0
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2010
30.7
20.9
27.3
24.1
425
326
369
3500
45.1
140
153
10.5
1.093
0.0437
53.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2011
Mazda
Truck
Van
2012
32.3
21.5
27.8
24.7
412
320
360
3500
45.0
153
157
10.3
1.029
0.0449
56.5
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2013
32.2
21.5
27.9
24.7
413
319
359
3500
45.0
153
157
10.3
1.029
0.0449
56.4
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2014
32.3
21.6
27.9
24.8
411
319
359
3500
45.0
153
157
10.3
1.029
0.0449
56.6
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2015
32.4
21.6
27.8
24.8
411
319
359
3500
45.0
153
157
10.3
1.029
0.0449
56.6
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2016
Mazda
Truck
Van
2017
Mazda
Truck
Van
2018
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-179 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mazda
Truck
Van
1976
Mazda
Truck
Van
1977
Mazda
Truck
Van
1978
Mazda
Truck
Van
1979
Mazda
Truck
Van
1980
Mazda
Truck
Van
1981
Mazda
Truck
Van
1982
Mazda
Truck
Van
1983
Mazda
Truck
Van
1984
Mazda
Truck
Van
1985
Mazda
Truck
Van
1986
Mazda
Truck
Van
1987
Mazda
Truck
Van
1988
Mazda
Truck
Van
1989
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1990
3.5%
96.5%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1991
2.4%
97.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1992
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1993
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1994
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1995
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1998
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
1999
Mazda
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2005
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2006
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2007
Mazda
Truck
Van
2008
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2009
4.8%
95.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2010
6.7%
93.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2011
Mazda
Truck
Van
2012
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2013
3.9%
96.1%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2014
3.0%
97.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2015
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Van
2016
Mazda
Truck
Van
2017
Mazda
Truck
Van
2018
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-180 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
20.5
15.2
19.8
17.2
583
449
518
4330
231
170
11.2
0.736
0.0394
44.3
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
20.5
15.3
19.5
17.1
581
456
520
4500
231
170
11.1
0.736
0.0378
46.2
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
20.6
15.1
19.7
17.1
587
450
519
4500
231
170
10.5
0.736
0.0378
46.3
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
20.3
14.9
19.4
16.9
595
458
526
4383
231
170
10.3
0.736
0.0389
44.6
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
23.6
16.4
22.3
19.2
541
399
464
3500
180
197
8.9
1.098
0.0563
41.3
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
23.8
16.5
22.2
19.2
538
401
462
3500
180
198
9.0
1.098
0.0566
41.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
23.6
16.2
22.0
19.0
547
403
467
3500
181
199
8.9
1.098
0.0569
41.4
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
23.7
16.2
21.8
19.0
547
408
468
3500
181
199
8.9
1.098
0.0568
41.4
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
24.0
16.8
21.2
19.0
530
419
467
3916
175
192
9.7
1.098
0.0489
47.1
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
24.8
17.3
21.8
19.6
512
406
453
3850
169
186
9.9
1.096
0.0480
47.8
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
23.2
15.7
21.6
18.6
564
410
477
4211
171
252
7.8
1.526
0.0599
48.9
22.0%
78.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
23.5
16.0
21.6
18.8
553
411
473
4303
49.5
199
256
8.1
1.324
0.0593
50.5
31.4%
68.6%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
23.1
15.7
21.5
18.5
565
413
479
4357
49.9
202
263
7.7
1.343
0.0604
50.4
31.1%
68.9%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
23.2
15.7
21.6
18.6
564
411
478
4408
50.4
211
266
7.8
1.292
0.0604
51.1
37.4%
62.6%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
24.6
16.7
22.5
19.6
530
394
453
4423
50.5
215
268
7.8
1.263
0.0605
54.5
37.5%
62.5%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
24.5
16.6
22.7
19.6
534
392
453
4497
51.1
225
273
7.7
1.212
0.0607
55.1
45.3%
54.7%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
29.8
20.3
26.2
23.3
418
332
381
3967
48.4
171
210
9.0
1.237
0.0518
60.2
23.8%
76.2%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
31.2
21.3
27.1
24.3
407
323
366
4102
47.5
171
207
9.2
1.211
0.0500
65.0
12.6%
87.4%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
31.5
21.4
27.4
24.4
405
321
363
4125
47.4
171
207
9.2
1.207
0.0498
65.9
13.9%
86.1%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
34.2
23.3
29.0
26.2
380
306
339
4053
47.1
153
191
9.4
1.252
0.0471
69.3
5.9%
94.1%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
33.7
22.6
28.8
25.8
392
308
345
4079
47.2
153
193
9.4
1.267
0.0473
68.7
4.3%
95.7%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
33.8
23.0
28.9
26.0
388
309
344
4153
48.1
152
198
9.3
1.307
0.0476
70.3
11.3%
88.7%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1975
16.8
12.8
17.0
14.4
677
517
618
3000
85
114
1.391
0.0381
25.8
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1976
18.2
13.9
18.2
15.5
620
480
572
3000
86
110
1.329
0.0367
28.0
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1977
24.5
18.9
24.0
20.9
440
353
425
3000
96
98
1.098
0.0326
39.0
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-181 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
34.1%
65.9%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
46.0%
54.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
32.1%
67.9%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
23.4%
76.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
4.1%
95.9%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
2.9%
97.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
1.2%
98.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
1.7%
98.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
0.9%
99.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
4.4%
95.1%
0.5%
100.0%
100.0%
0.5%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
99.9%
0.1%
23.9%
76.1%
100.0%
100.0%
0.1%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
99.8%
0.2%
25.3%
74.7%
100.0%
96.9%
0.2%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
100.0%
0.0%
15.7%
84.3%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
100.0%
10.4%
89.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
100.0%
0.6%
99.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
100.0%
53.3%
46.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
100.0%
71.7%
28.3%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
100.0%
74.3%
25.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
100.0%
94.2%
5.8%
100.0%
94.2%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1975
77.4%
22.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1976
87.7%
12.3%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1977
93.2%
6.8%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-182 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1978
31.7
25.5
29.0
26.9
348
306
330
3000
110
67
18.5
0.607
0.0223
47.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1979
30.2
23.9
28.2
25.7
371
315
346
3000
120
72
18.3
0.600
0.0240
45.3
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1980
30.1
23.8
28.2
25.6
373
315
347
2907
120
76
17.7
0.633
0.0262
43.8
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1981
31.0
24.3
29.4
26.4
366
302
337
2885
120
76
17.5
0.634
0.0264
44.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1982
31.6
25.0
29.7
26.9
366
308
340
2921
123
72
19.5
0.588
0.0247
46.3
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1983
30.6
24.1
28.9
26.1
371
308
343
2908
121
75
17.3
0.621
0.0258
44.6
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1984
29.7
23.5
27.9
25.3
378
318
352
2860
120
77
16.8
0.639
0.0269
42.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1985
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1986
27.7
21.4
26.7
23.6
415
333
377
3000
122
80
15.6
0.656
0.0267
41.6
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1987
26.2
20.2
25.1
22.2
437
351
401
3062
131
85
15.6
0.648
0.0276
40.3
12.0%
88.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1988
26.4
20.2
25.1
22.2
439
353
400
3030
135
86
15.4
0.639
0.0284
40.0
6.1%
93.9%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1989
26.2
20.0
24.7
22.0
443
358
404
3055
136
89
14.7
0.653
0.0290
40.0
11.0%
89.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1990
25.9
19.7
24.1
21.6
448
366
411
3116
140
95
13.5
0.675
0.0303
40.4
12.4%
87.6%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1991
25.6
19.5
23.8
21.4
454
371
416
3166
142
98
13.4
0.687
0.0309
40.6
13.0%
87.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1992
25.6
19.3
23.6
21.2
459
373
419
3178
142
98
13.2
0.684
0.0306
40.6
15.0%
85.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1993
25.9
19.4
23.9
21.4
455
370
415
3091
137
91
12.7
0.663
0.0295
40.1
16.5%
83.5%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1994
24.5
18.0
23.1
20.2
485
380
439
3573
181
136
10.6
0.749
0.0377
44.0
20.6%
79.4%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1995
26.8
19.6
25.0
22.0
449
353
403
3592
157
123
11.4
0.789
0.0340
48.4
13.0%
87.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1996
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1997
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1998
24.8
17.9
22.8
20.2
487
386
441
3612
178
133
11.8
0.757
0.0368
45.4
21.2%
78.8%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1999
24.0
17.2
22.2
19.5
508
395
455
3664
177
134
11.8
0.763
0.0364
44.6
20.2%
79.8%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2000
23.8
16.9
21.8
19.3
516
402
462
3638
177
139
11.1
0.787
0.0381
43.8
17.5%
82.5%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2001
23.1
16.3
21.2
18.6
536
416
477
3617
180
147
10.4
0.822
0.0406
42.2
14.4%
85.6%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2002
23.5
16.6
21.3
18.9
524
411
470
3734
178
151
10.6
0.858
0.0404
44.6
16.1%
83.9%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2003
24.9
17.5
22.2
19.8
496
394
448
3720
171
150
10.5
0.890
0.0403
47.0
8.3%
91.7%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2004
25.0
17.4
22.4
19.9
499
389
447
3699
171
153
10.4
0.908
0.0412
47.0
13.9%
86.1%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2005
25.0
17.3
22.2
19.8
503
393
450
3699
170
153
10.4
0.912
0.0412
46.8
16.8%
83.2%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2006
26.0
17.9
23.3
20.6
487
375
431
3643
161
150
10.4
0.949
0.0412
48.0
10.9%
89.1%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2007
26.2
18.1
23.2
20.7
482
377
430
3628
157
149
10.5
0.967
0.0412
48.1
8.3%
91.7%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2008
26.3
18.3
23.1
20.8
476
376
428
3598
45.9
160
155
10.3
0.987
0.0429
48.2
18.2%
81.8%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2009
28.5
19.9
24.4
22.3
435
357
399
3545
45.4
149
149
10.2
1.006
0.0418
51.6
9.1%
90.9%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2010
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2011
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2012
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2013
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2014
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2015
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2016
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2017
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2018
Mazda
Truck
All
1975
16.8
12.8
17.0
14.4
677
517
618
3000
85
114
1.391
0.0381
25.8
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1976
18.2
13.9
18.2
15.5
620
480
572
3000
86
110
1.329
0.0367
28.0
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1977
24.5
18.9
24.0
20.9
440
353
425
3000
96
98
1.098
0.0326
39.0
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1978
31.7
25.5
29.0
26.9
348
306
330
3000
110
67
18.5
0.607
0.0223
47.7
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-183 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1978
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1979
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1980
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1981
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1982
100.0%
77.6%
22.4%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1983
97.0%
3.0%
94.9%
5.1%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1984
91.5%
8.5%
98.1%
1.9%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1985
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1986
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1987
92.2%
7.8%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1988
88.6%
11.4%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1989
87.2%
12.8%
89.0%
11.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1990
79.3%
20.7%
62.0%
38.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1991
79.8%
20.2%
53.4%
46.6%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1992
82.1%
17.9%
58.5%
41.5%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1993
85.6%
14.4%
74.5%
25.5%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1994
68.9%
31.1%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1995
83.4%
16.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1996
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1997
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1998
57.3%
42.7%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
1999
53.4%
46.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2000
48.1%
51.9%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2001
40.8%
59.2%
100.0%
12.7%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2002
35.4%
64.6%
100.0%
30.6%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2003
40.3%
59.7%
100.0%
44.7%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2004
44.0%
56.0%
100.0%
51.1%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2005
33.9%
66.1%
100.0%
53.3%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2006
42.0%
58.0%
100.0%
66.8%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2007
46.0%
54.0%
100.0%
72.6%
72.6%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2008
47.4%
52.6%
100.0%
80.4%
80.4%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2009
47.3%
52.7%
100.0%
90.9%
90.9%
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2010
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2011
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2012
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2013
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2014
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2015
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2016
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2017
Mazda
Truck
Pickup
2018
Mazda
Truck
All
1975
77.4%
22.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1976
87.7%
12.3%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1977
93.2%
6.8%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1978
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-184 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mazda
Truck
All
1979
30.2
23.9
28.2
25.7
371
315
346
3000
120
72
18.3
0.600
0.0240
45.3
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1980
30.1
23.8
28.2
25.6
373
315
347
2907
120
76
17.7
0.633
0.0262
43.8
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1981
31.0
24.3
29.4
26.4
366
302
337
2885
120
76
17.5
0.634
0.0264
44.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1982
31.6
25.0
29.7
26.9
366
308
340
2921
123
72
19.5
0.588
0.0247
46.3
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1983
30.6
24.1
28.9
26.1
371
308
343
2908
121
75
17.3
0.621
0.0258
44.6
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1984
29.7
23.5
27.9
25.3
378
318
352
2860
120
77
16.8
0.639
0.0269
42.7
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1985
Mazda
Truck
All
1986
27.7
21.4
26.7
23.6
415
333
377
3000
122
80
15.6
0.656
0.0267
41.6
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1987
26.2
20.2
25.1
22.2
437
351
401
3062
131
85
15.6
0.648
0.0276
40.3
12.0%
88.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1988
26.4
20.2
25.1
22.2
439
353
400
3030
135
86
15.4
0.639
0.0284
40.0
6.1%
93.9%
Mazda
Truck
All
1989
25.2
19.1
23.9
21.1
461
369
420
3291
145
102
14.4
0.693
0.0307
41.3
9.5%
90.5%
Mazda
Truck
All
1990
23.3
17.7
21.9
19.5
493
398
456
3472
155
116
13.1
0.736
0.0328
40.5
42.9%
57.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
1991
22.8
17.2
21.4
19.0
508
408
468
3608
165
124
12.9
0.743
0.0340
41.1
50.3%
49.7%
Mazda
Truck
All
1992
23.2
17.3
21.9
19.3
507
401
460
3653
163
126
12.6
0.764
0.0341
42.2
19.9%
80.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
1993
23.3
17.3
22.0
19.4
507
399
459
3616
163
125
11.8
0.757
0.0340
42.0
19.0%
81.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1994
23.6
17.3
22.4
19.5
504
392
455
3708
183
140
10.7
0.766
0.0376
43.9
38.9%
61.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
1995
24.4
17.7
23.1
20.1
490
379
442
3768
165
133
11.6
0.809
0.0351
46.4
43.8%
56.2%
Mazda
Truck
All
1996
20.8
15.0
20.0
17.2
593
444
517
4133
180
152
12.2
0.844
0.0369
42.9
26.6%
73.4%
Mazda
Truck
All
1997
20.5
14.8
19.5
16.9
600
454
525
4178
180
152
12.2
0.844
0.0365
42.9
35.6%
64.4%
Mazda
Truck
All
1998
23.4
16.8
21.6
19.1
515
404
466
3785
178
138
12.0
0.780
0.0365
44.7
30.4%
69.6%
Mazda
Truck
All
1999
24.0
17.2
22.2
19.5
508
395
455
3664
177
134
11.8
0.763
0.0364
44.6
20.2%
79.8%
Mazda
Truck
All
2000
23.3
16.6
21.6
18.9
533
410
469
3861
162
158
11.0
0.991
0.0408
45.2
61.5%
6.8%
31.7%
Mazda
Truck
All
2001
23.3
16.3
21.6
18.8
541
410
471
3727
169
168
10.2
1.000
0.0454
43.5
38.6%
36.4%
25.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2002
23.7
16.4
22.1
19.1
537
399
464
3744
181
184
9.7
1.023
0.0494
44.5
34.5%
40.0%
25.6%
Mazda
Truck
All
2003
24.0
16.5
22.4
19.3
535
394
460
3778
179
187
9.5
1.043
0.0496
45.5
44.3%
32.2%
23.4%
Mazda
Truck
All
2004
24.0
16.3
22.4
19.3
540
395
461
3782
180
190
9.4
1.056
0.0502
45.5
48.1%
33.8%
18.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
2005
24.0
16.4
21.9
19.2
539
404
464
3924
178
190
9.6
1.073
0.0484
47.2
41.4%
48.2%
10.4%
Mazda
Truck
All
2006
24.5
16.7
22.4
19.5
527
396
455
3877
174
185
9.7
1.069
0.0476
47.6
42.3%
41.9%
15.8%
Mazda
Truck
All
2007
23.4
15.9
21.7
18.8
557
408
473
4168
170
245
8.0
1.486
0.0586
48.8
20.4%
72.9%
6.7%
Mazda
Truck
All
2008
24.8
16.9
22.7
19.8
516
387
449
4105
48.4
185
230
8.7
1.264
0.0554
51.2
45.9%
52.0%
2.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
2009
26.5
18.0
24.0
21.0
483
365
423
3896
47.4
169
204
9.1
1.207
0.0514
51.8
66.7%
31.9%
1.4%
Mazda
Truck
All
2010
25.2
17.1
23.2
20.1
510
378
442
4110
48.6
188
229
8.7
1.227
0.0549
52.0
58.0%
42.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2011
24.6
16.7
22.5
19.6
530
394
453
4423
50.5
215
268
7.8
1.263
0.0605
54.5
37.5%
62.5%
Mazda
Truck
All
2012
27.8
18.7
24.9
21.8
466
353
407
4003
48.1
189
215
9.0
1.121
0.0528
55.8
72.4%
27.6%
Mazda
Truck
All
2013
30.4
20.6
26.6
23.6
417
328
376
3859
47.6
166
197
9.3
1.189
0.0502
59.3
41.5%
58.5%
Mazda
Truck
All
2014
31.4
21.3
27.2
24.3
407
322
365
4016
47.2
168
200
9.3
1.185
0.0493
63.8
25.1%
74.9%
Mazda
Truck
All
2015
31.6
21.4
27.4
24.5
406
320
363
4052
47.1
169
201
9.3
1.187
0.0492
64.8
23.9%
76.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
2016
34.2
23.3
29.0
26.2
380
306
339
4053
47.1
153
191
9.4
1.252
0.0471
69.3
5.9%
94.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
2017
33.7
22.6
28.8
25.8
392
308
345
4079
47.2
153
193
9.4
1.267
0.0473
68.7
4.3%
95.7%
Mazda
Truck
All
2018
33.8
23.0
28.9
26.0
388
309
344
4153
48.1
152
198
9.3
1.307
0.0476
70.3
11.3%
88.7%
Mazda
All
All
1975
17.1
13.2
16.6
14.6
649
519
610
2823
137
115
0.843
0.0402
24.6
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1976
21.3
16.5
20.7
18.2
516
415
489
2873
133
114
0.875
0.0392
31.4
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1977
28.8
22.7
27.0
24.5
363
318
363
2572
104
81
0.759
0.0303
38.2
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1978
35.3
28.7
31.6
29.9
304
276
297
2312
82
55
18.0
0.664
0.0236
41.2
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1979
25.8
20.0
25.1
22.0
417
343
404
2574
113
91
14.9
0.789
0.0349
34.4
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-185 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mazda
Truck
All
1979
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1980
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1981
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1982
100.0%
77.6%
22.4%
Mazda
Truck
All
1983
97.0%
3.0%
94.9%
5.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
1984
91.5%
8.5%
98.1%
1.9%
Mazda
Truck
All
1985
Mazda
Truck
All
1986
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1987
92.2%
7.8%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1988
88.6%
11.4%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1989
66.9%
33.1%
66.8%
33.2%
Mazda
Truck
All
1990
48.7%
51.3%
37.0%
63.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1991
45.9%
54.1%
27.5%
72.5%
Mazda
Truck
All
1992
43.2%
56.8%
29.1%
70.9%
Mazda
Truck
All
1993
43.4%
56.6%
36.0%
64.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1994
53.4%
46.6%
100.0%
19.2%
Mazda
Truck
All
1995
53.9%
46.1%
100.0%
35.4%
Mazda
Truck
All
1996
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1997
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
1998
42.6%
57.4%
100.0%
25.6%
Mazda
Truck
All
1999
53.4%
46.6%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2000
18.5%
81.5%
100.0%
61.5%
Mazda
Truck
All
2001
13.2%
86.8%
100.0%
74.5%
Mazda
Truck
All
2002
11.8%
88.2%
100.0%
78.8%
34.5%
Mazda
Truck
All
2003
10.6%
89.4%
100.0%
85.9%
44.3%
Mazda
Truck
All
2004
9.8%
90.2%
100.0%
89.7%
48.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
2005
4.6%
95.4%
100.0%
94.2%
Mazda
Truck
All
2006
9.2%
90.6%
0.2%
100.0%
94.1%
42.3%
0.2%
Mazda
Truck
All
2007
3.3%
96.7%
100.0%
98.0%
98.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2008
2.3%
97.6%
0.1%
18.0%
82.0%
99.5%
99.5%
0.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
2009
3.2%
96.7%
0.1%
11.7%
88.3%
99.9%
98.5%
0.1%
Mazda
Truck
All
2010
2.2%
97.8%
0.0%
10.6%
89.4%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2011
100.0%
10.4%
89.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2012
1.8%
98.2%
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2013
0.9%
99.1%
40.9%
59.1%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2014
0.4%
99.6%
61.4%
38.6%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2015
100.0%
65.6%
34.4%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2016
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2017
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
Truck
All
2018
100.0%
94.2%
5.8%
100.0%
94.2%
Mazda
All
All
1975
62.2%
37.8%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1976
56.6%
43.4%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1977
81.9%
18.1%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1978
76.6%
23.4%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1979
81.1%
18.9%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-186 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
Mazda
All
All
1980
26.2
20.4
25.3
22.3
413
341
398
2578
113
78
16.1
0.699
0.0303
34.8
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1981
31.1
24.8
28.8
26.4
348
302
336
2493
112
76
15.9
0.686
0.0310
39.3
32.0%
68.0%
Mazda
All
All
1982
29.7
23.6
27.6
25.2
366
315
353
2578
117
78
17.2
0.670
0.0305
39.2
25.6%
74.4%
Mazda
All
All
1983
29.4
23.0
27.9
25.0
371
308
356
2614
120
82
15.3
0.686
0.0315
39.7
41.5%
58.5%
Mazda
All
All
1984
29.9
23.4
28.4
25.4
369
307
350
2702
119
81
15.7
0.680
0.0301
41.1
38.1%
61.9%
Mazda
All
All
1985
29.7
23.1
28.6
25.3
365
301
352
2547
118
85
14.5
0.719
0.0332
39.2
72.4%
27.6%
Mazda
All
All
1986
28.7
22.1
27.7
24.3
395
318
365
2828
122
93
14.0
0.757
0.0328
40.8
42.7%
57.3%
Mazda
All
All
1987
27.7
21.2
26.8
23.4
410
327
379
2882
126
95
14.1
0.751
0.0330
40.3
39.7%
5.8%
54.6%
Mazda
All
All
1988
27.9
21.2
26.9
23.5
411
326
378
2909
130
107
13.3
0.819
0.0364
40.8
57.5%
1.5%
41.1%
Mazda
All
All
1989
27.7
20.9
26.4
23.2
417
331
382
3022
133
106
13.3
0.795
0.0348
41.9
53.4%
3.6%
43.0%
Mazda
All
All
1990
27.4
20.6
26.2
22.9
419
329
387
3063
133
115
11.8
0.871
0.0374
42.3
45.7%
14.2%
40.1%
Mazda
All
All
1991
27.1
20.3
25.8
22.6
425
333
393
3123
137
117
11.9
0.863
0.0374
42.6
49.1%
17.5%
33.4%
Mazda
All
All
1992
27.7
20.5
26.2
23.0
420
329
387
3143
135
122
11.5
0.908
0.0385
43.6
49.6%
6.0%
44.4%
Mazda
All
All
1993
28.6
21.0
27.1
23.6
413
320
376
3023
132
124
10.4
0.945
0.0409
43.5
68.5%
3.4%
28.1%
Mazda
All
All
1994
27.5
20.1
26.1
22.7
431
331
391
3170
144
127
10.4
0.901
0.0401
43.9
51.8%
13.5%
34.7%
Mazda
All
All
1995
29.5
21.1
28.3
24.3
411
306
366
3096
126
125
10.8
0.996
0.0401
46.0
76.6%
6.4%
17.0%
Mazda
All
All
1996
30.3
21.6
28.8
24.8
401
301
358
2991
120
120
11.3
1.006
0.0403
45.8
82.3%
2.1%
15.7%
Mazda
All
All
1997
29.8
21.1
28.2
24.3
412
310
366
3004
120
121
11.3
1.010
0.0403
45.0
83.1%
2.5%
14.4%
Mazda
All
All
1998
27.9
19.8
26.1
22.7
438
332
392
3219
134
128
11.6
0.979
0.0398
45.2
73.7%
8.0%
18.3%
Mazda
All
All
1999
28.9
20.4
26.7
23.4
427
328
380
3054
128
129
11.0
1.032
0.0427
44.3
82.7%
3.5%
13.8%
Mazda
All
All
2000
27.6
19.5
25.4
22.3
446
344
399
3228
131
138
10.6
1.061
0.0427
44.7
82.5%
2.0%
15.5%
Mazda
All
All
2001
26.3
18.4
24.3
21.2
474
361
419
3338
145
153
10.0
1.061
0.0458
44.1
70.3%
13.4%
16.3%
Mazda
All
All
2002
27.4
19.0
25.1
21.9
460
351
405
3287
145
155
9.8
1.072
0.0469
45.2
77.9%
10.5%
11.6%
Mazda
All
All
2003
27.4
18.8
25.1
21.9
464
350
406
3379
152
167
9.4
1.099
0.0491
46.5
78.3%
9.7%
12.0%
Mazda
All
All
2004
27.0
18.4
24.9
21.5
475
353
412
3392
158
186
8.6
1.182
0.0548
46.1
72.8%
6.0%
21.2%
Mazda
All
All
2005
27.9
19.0
25.2
22.1
460
348
402
3394
147
176
9.0
1.254
0.0519
47.7
80.9%
8.7%
10.5%
Mazda
All
All
2006
29.4
19.9
26.6
23.2
441
330
383
3303
143
173
CO
CO
1.233
0.0525
48.7
81.5%
6.5%
12.0%
Mazda
All
All
2007
28.6
19.3
26.1
22.7
451
335
392
3442
140
187
8.7
1.350
0.0540
49.4
80.0%
12.2%
7.7%
Mazda
All
All
2008
29.2
19.7
26.5
23.1
442
330
385
3448
44.7
145
184
9.0
1.274
0.0529
50.4
80.9%
12.6%
6.5%
Mazda
All
All
2009
29.3
19.8
26.7
23.2
441
327
383
3509
45.8
151
187
8.7
1.261
0.0529
51.6
85.6%
9.1%
5.3%
Mazda
All
All
2010
30.9
20.7
28.3
24.4
421
308
364
3454
45.4
150
178
9.0
1.193
0.0510
53.6
89.0%
8.3%
2.7%
Mazda
All
All
2011
31.7
21.2
28.4
24.8
412
308
359
3394
45.3
147
173
9.1
1.180
0.0503
53.7
87.4%
9.7%
2.9%
Mazda
All
All
2012
34.6
22.9
30.8
26.8
377
280
331
3330
44.9
143
171
9.0
1.196
0.0508
58.3
91.2%
6.5%
2.3%
Mazda
All
All
2013
36.1
24.1
31.5
27.8
360
275
320
3295
44.7
134
165
9.2
1.235
0.0498
60.2
81.7%
15.8%
2.5%
Mazda
All
All
2014
37.9
25.1
32.8
29.0
346
264
306
3433
46.0
144
175
9.0
1.215
0.0507
65.7
78.9%
19.9%
1.2%
Mazda
All
All
2015
38.1
25.2
33.2
29.2
345
261
304
3473
46.3
146
178
CO
CO
1.225
0.0514
66.9
77.5%
21.0%
1.6%
Mazda
All
All
2016
38.8
25.9
33.1
29.6
341
264
301
3507
46.0
143
177
8.9
1.238
0.0507
68.0
61.1%
35.2%
3.7%
Mazda
All
All
2017
37.9
25.1
32.9
29.0
351
266
306
3569
46.0
143
178
8.9
1.242
0.0500
67.5
63.9%
31.7%
4.4%
Mazda
All
All
2018
37.6
25.1
32.1
28.7
354
275
312
3707
46.3
146
186
CO
CO
1.272
0.0503
69.7
66.9%
30.4%
2.8%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
15.8
12.3
15.2
13.5
670
542
660
4058
288
136
0.515
0.0331
32.3
6.5%
93.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
17.5
13.7
16.6
14.9
610
502
598
4059
287
134
0.502
0.0324
35.5
5.8%
94.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
18.3
14.4
17.4
15.6
577
479
570
3944
110.4
279
133
0.516
0.0335
36.4
2091
4021
6.8%
93.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
19.9
15.5
19.1
16.9
537
441
525
3588
109.0
251
124
13.7
0.538
0.0342
35.9
2240
3926
9.6%
90.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
20.3
15.9
19.2
17.2
532
443
517
3485
108.9
238
119
14.5
0.545
0.0338
35.4
2258
3878
11.9%
0.3%
87.8%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
23.5
18.3
22.6
20.0
467
380
446
3101
104.2
188
100
15.5
0.583
0.0322
36.6
2507
3841
29.7%
0.9%
69.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-187 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
Mazda
All
All
1980
80.1%
19.9%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1981
80.4%
19.6%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1982
79.0%
21.0%
96.9%
3.1%
Mazda
All
All
1983
83.7%
16.3%
98.5%
1.5%
Mazda
All
All
1984
80.8%
18.1%
1.1%
96.0%
2.8%
1.2%
Mazda
All
All
1985
68.0%
28.5%
3.4%
95.6%
3.9%
0.6%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1986
80.0%
17.8%
2.2%
44.7%
55.3%
Mazda
All
All
1987
76.6%
7.9%
15.5%
48.0%
52.0%
Mazda
All
All
1988
62.5%
0.5%
37.0%
24.0%
76.0%
Mazda
All
All
1989
54.7%
0.2%
45.1%
25.4%
74.6%
Mazda
All
All
1990
52.9%
47.1%
11.8%
88.2%
Mazda
All
All
1991
49.5%
50.5%
9.6%
90.4%
Mazda
All
All
1992
44.4%
55.6%
8.9%
91.1%
Mazda
All
All
1993
43.6%
56.4%
6.4%
93.6%
Mazda
All
All
1994
41.9%
58.1%
100.0%
70.7%
Mazda
All
All
1995
29.7%
70.3%
100.0%
90.2%
Mazda
All
All
1996
28.2%
71.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1997
26.2%
73.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
1998
23.5%
76.5%
100.0%
80.5%
Mazda
All
All
1999
28.8%
71.2%
100.0%
82.7%
Mazda
All
All
2000
19.7%
80.3%
100.0%
88.4%
Mazda
All
All
2001
16.6%
83.4%
100.0%
90.6%
Mazda
All
All
2002
18.2%
81.8%
100.0%
94.4%
9.0%
Mazda
All
All
2003
21.2%
78.8%
100.0%
95.7%
35.1%
Mazda
All
All
2004
27.1%
72.9%
100.0%
84.7%
69.9%
Mazda
All
All
2005
18.9%
81.1%
100.0%
92.0%
62.7%
Mazda
All
All
2006
25.0%
74.9%
0.0%
100.0%
97.0%
75.0%
0.0%
Mazda
All
All
2007
16.6%
83.4%
100.0%
97.7%
97.7%
Mazda
All
All
2008
15.0%
84.9%
0.1%
13.6%
86.4%
99.2%
99.2%
0.1%
Mazda
All
All
2009
13.1%
86.7%
0.1%
10.5%
89.5%
97.9%
97.5%
0.1%
Mazda
All
All
2010
11.9%
88.1%
0.0%
5.4%
94.6%
99.6%
99.6%
0.0%
Mazda
All
All
2011
10.5%
89.5%
3.6%
96.4%
99.6%
99.6%
Mazda
All
All
2012
10.5%
89.5%
35.8%
64.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
2013
10.6%
89.4%
58.5%
41.5%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
2014
7.2%
92.8%
83.2%
16.8%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
2015
7.0%
93.0%
89.0%
11.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
2016
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
2017
6.8%
93.2%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Mazda
All
All
2018
3.4%
96.6%
96.4%
3.6%
100.0%
96.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1975
19.6%
80.1%
0.3%
94.6%
5.1%
0.2%
55.4%
23.3%
21.3%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1976
17.1%
82.9%
96.6%
3.2%
0.3%
55.4%
25.2%
19.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1977
16.8%
83.2%
95.3%
4.2%
0.5%
51.9%
24.5%
23.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1978
19.8%
73.1%
7.1%
94.0%
5.1%
0.9%
44.7%
34.4%
21.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1979
21.1%
69.7%
8.8%
0.5%
93.2%
4.7%
2.1%
43.7%
34.2%
22.1%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1980
30.9%
51.6%
16.8%
0.6%
88.7%
6.2%
0.7%
4.4%
54.4%
34.4%
11.3%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-188 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
25.1
19.6
24.2
21.4
437
355
418
3076
106.5
182
99
15.6
0.594
0.0320
38.9
2744
4161
37.0%
0.7%
62.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
26.0
20.1
25.5
22.2
424
336
402
3054
106.1
175
99
16.6
0.609
0.0320
40.1
2836
4273
45.6%
0.8%
53.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
25.9
19.9
25.5
22.1
422
335
403
3112
108.7
182
104
14.8
0.615
0.0330
40.7
2904
4426
47.3%
3.1%
49.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
26.3
20.2
26.0
22.4
419
330
397
3099
107.5
179
106
14.5
0.637
0.0339
41.1
2910
4425
53.7%
1.0%
45.3%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
27.0
20.7
26.8
23.0
411
322
387
3093
108.2
177
111
13.9
0.671
0.0355
42.0
2992
4551
61.6%
2.1%
36.3%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
27.9
21.2
27.6
23.7
402
314
375
3041
107.3
167
111
13.2
0.701
0.0360
42.6
3057
4585
71.1%
1.1%
27.9%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
28.1
21.2
27.7
23.8
403
313
373
3031
106.6
162
112
13.3
0.732
0.0365
42.8
3051
4569
77.0%
1.1%
21.9%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
28.6
21.4
28.2
24.1
399
309
368
3047
107.0
160
116
13.3
0.759
0.0375
43.7
3119
4693
81.7%
0.8%
17.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
28.1
20.9
27.9
23.7
411
313
375
3099
107.7
163
121
12.5
0.783
0.0387
43.8
3080
4723
82.5%
1.0%
16.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
27.8
20.5
27.5
23.3
421
318
381
3176
107.1
163
129
11.4
0.829
0.0401
44.2
3014
4746
84.6%
1.0%
14.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
28.0
20.5
27.6
23.4
419
316
379
3154
106.8
163
132
11.3
0.851
0.0413
44.3
3040
4746
83.2%
1.4%
15.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
27.6
20.0
27.5
23.1
430
318
385
3240
108.4
170
141
10.7
0.868
0.0428
44.9
3040
4877
80.8%
1.1%
18.1%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
28.2
20.3
27.9
23.5
424
313
379
3207
108.4
166
138
10.1
0.865
0.0425
45.4
3107
4929
85.1%
1.2%
13.7%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
28.0
20.0
27.7
23.3
430
315
382
3250
108.2
168
143
9.9
0.884
0.0432
45.7
3086
4955
84.4%
0.4%
15.1%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
28.3
20.0
28.1
23.4
432
311
379
3263
108.7
167
152
9.8
0.945
0.0460
46.4
3130
5045
82.0%
1.2%
16.9%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
28.3
19.8
28.0
23.3
436
313
381
3282
109.0
165
154
10.1
0.958
0.0464
46.5
3125
5080
86.5%
1.5%
11.9%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
28.4
19.8
28.0
23.4
437
313
380
3274
108.7
164
156
10.0
0.974
0.0469
46.7
3127
5076
86.5%
1.7%
11.7%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
28.5
19.7
28.0
23.4
440
314
380
3306
108.6
164
159
10.2
0.993
0.0475
47.3
3138
5145
87.0%
2.3%
10.7%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
28.2
19.4
27.5
23.0
450
320
386
3365
109.1
166
164
10.1
1.009
0.0481
47.5
3106
5191
87.2%
2.2%
10.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
28.2
19.3
27.3
22.9
452
322
388
3369
109.6
165
168
9.5
1.032
0.0492
47.6
3121
5224
84.9%
2.1%
13.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
28.4
19.4
27.3
23.0
447
320
386
3380
109.3
165
168
9.3
1.042
0.0492
48.4
3159
5292
84.1%
3.2%
12.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
28.6
19.4
27.2
23.1
448
322
385
3391
110.0
166
173
9.3
1.066
0.0504
48.9
3200
5382
84.9%
3.8%
11.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
29.0
19.5
27.5
23.3
445
319
382
3417
109.6
165
176
9.1
1.087
0.0510
49.9
3237
5481
82.0%
3.5%
14.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
28.9
19.3
27.4
23.1
448
319
384
3462
110.4
168
183
9.0
1.106
0.0521
50.5
3261
5587
80.8%
5.4%
13.7%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
29.5
19.6
27.6
23.5
437
315
379
3463
111.4
166
182
8.9
1.115
0.0518
51.8
3384
5790
79.8%
5.8%
14.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
29.2
19.4
27.5
23.3
442
317
382
3534
111.5
172
194
8.7
1.146
0.0540
52.4
3351
5855
75.8%
5.8%
18.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
30.3
20.1
28.3
24.1
422
307
369
3507
110.2
165
189
CO
CO
1.157
0.0531
54.2
3468
5994
80.5%
5.7%
13.8%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
30.5
20.2
28.5
24.3
418
304
366
3527
45.2
109.9
165
193
CO
CO
1.178
0.0536
54.9
3490
6056
77.7%
7.3%
15.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
32.1
21.3
29.6
25.3
402
294
351
3464
44.9
110.0
155
184
8.9
1.190
0.0520
56.5
3645
6228
82.6%
6.7%
10.7%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
33.2
22.0
30.5
26.2
0
0
340
3474
45.2
110.5
156
187
CO
CO
1.197
0.0527
59.8
3864
6632
81.6%
5.9%
12.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
32.9
21.6
30.3
25.8
0
0
344
3559
45.8
111.1
159
199
8.5
1.252
0.0547
60.3
3824
6717
78.3%
CO
13.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
35.4
23.3
32.1
27.6
0
0
322
3452
45.4
110.6
148
189
8.6
1.279
0.0536
63.3
4111
7018
84.1%
6.2%
9.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
36.4
24.0
32.9
28.4
0
0
313
3465
45.7
110.3
145
194
8.4
1.343
0.0548
66.4
4273
7351
81.6%
7.7%
10.7%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
36.6
24.0
32.9
28.4
0
0
313
3497
46.0
110.9
146
197
8.4
1.353
0.0551
67.0
4307
7452
79.3%
8.2%
12.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
37.5
24.5
33.7
29.0
0
0
306
3489
46.0
111.5
145
196
8.3
1.360
0.0550
69.1
4471
7732
78.3%
10.3%
11.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
37.8
24.6
34.0
29.2
0
0
303
3468
46.2
111.7
142
197
8.3
1.402
0.0556
69.2
4510
7761
78.4%
10.4%
11.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
39.0
25.6
35.0
30.2
0
0
293
3470
46.1
112.0
138
193
8.3
1.411
0.0544
74.2
4812
8340
77.6%
12.4%
10.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
40.2
26.3
35.2
30.8
0
0
284
3532
46.6
112.6
136
202
8.0
1.482
0.0560
83.6
5311
9454
72.9%
14.0%
13.1%
All
Car
Car SUV
1975
13.1
10.1
12.6
11.1
851
699
799
4000
262
113
0.430
0.0282
26.5
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1976
12.4
9.4
12.5
10.6
886
691
840
3986
263
123
0.467
0.0309
25.9
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1977
14.3
11.2
13.6
12.2
768
633
731
4000
261
124
0.477
0.0311
29.5
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1978
13.6
10.4
13.5
11.6
829
648
768
4000
262
126
14.2
0.481
0.0315
27.9
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1979
16.8
13.9
14.8
14.3
604
577
623
3271
185
99
16.4
0.576
0.0300
27.8
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1980
17.2
13.9
15.5
14.6
631
572
610
4000
280
122
16.1
0.436
0.0305
34.6
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1981
17.3
13.7
16.1
14.7
648
553
605
4000
318
140
14.3
0.440
0.0350
34.5
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-189 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1981
29.9%
36.2%
33.3%
0.6%
85.3%
6.1%
2.6%
5.9%
51.5%
36.4%
12.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1982
29.2%
18.9%
51.4%
0.5%
78.4%
7.2%
9.8%
4.7%
56.5%
31.0%
12.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1983
26.1%
16.8%
56.7%
0.5%
69.6%
9.5%
18.9%
2.1%
53.1%
31.8%
15.1%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1984
24.1%
17.5%
58.3%
0.0%
58.9%
15.0%
24.4%
1.7%
57.4%
29.4%
13.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1985
22.8%
18.5%
58.7%
45.6%
21.4%
32.0%
0.9%
55.7%
28.9%
15.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1986
24.8%
17.2%
58.0%
34.5%
36.7%
28.4%
0.3%
4.8%
59.5%
27.9%
12.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1987
24.9%
15.6%
59.5%
26.8%
42.5%
30.5%
0.3%
14.7%
63.5%
24.3%
12.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1988
24.3%
9.6%
66.1%
16.3%
53.7%
30.0%
0.0%
19.9%
64.8%
22.3%
12.8%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1989
21.0%
9.6%
69.3%
0.1%
9.7%
62.4%
27.8%
0.0%
24.4%
58.3%
28.2%
13.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1990
19.6%
7.4%
72.9%
0.0%
1.4%
77.5%
21.1%
0.0%
33.0%
0.6%
58.6%
28.7%
12.8%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1991
20.5%
5.9%
73.6%
0.0%
0.0%
78.0%
21.9%
0.1%
34.1%
2.4%
61.5%
26.2%
12.3%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1992
17.4%
6.2%
76.4%
0.0%
0.0%
89.5%
10.4%
0.1%
35.0%
4.6%
56.5%
27.8%
15.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1993
17.8%
5.2%
77.0%
0.0%
91.6%
CO
36.7%
4.8%
57.2%
29.5%
13.3%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1994
16.7%
4.0%
79.3%
94.9%
5.1%
0.0%
41.0%
8.0%
58.5%
26.1%
15.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1995
16.3%
1.8%
81.9%
98.8%
1.2%
0.1%
52.2%
9.8%
57.3%
28.6%
14.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1996
14.9%
1.6%
83.6%
0.0%
98.8%
1.1%
0.1%
57.3%
11.7%
54.3%
32.0%
13.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1997
13.5%
0.6%
85.8%
0.1%
99.1%
0.8%
0.1%
58.6%
11.3%
55.1%
30.6%
14.3%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1998
12.3%
0.4%
87.3%
0.1%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
61.4%
18.4%
49.4%
39.1%
11.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
1999
10.9%
0.6%
88.4%
0.0%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
64.7%
17.1%
47.7%
39.7%
12.6%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2000
11.2%
1.1%
87.7%
0.0%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
65.1%
23.4%
0.1%
47.5%
34.3%
18.2%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2001
11.4%
0.9%
87.5%
0.2%
99.7%
0.3%
67.3%
28.3%
0.2%
50.8%
32.3%
16.8%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2002
11.2%
0.2%
88.2%
0.4%
99.6%
0.4%
69.9%
33.9%
0.3%
48.6%
36.3%
15.1%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2003
11.2%
87.9%
0.9%
99.6%
0.4%
73.8%
41.3%
0.6%
50.6%
33.5%
15.9%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2004
10.2%
0.3%
88.2%
1.4%
99.7%
0.3%
77.3%
44.2%
0.9%
47.4%
35.6%
17.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2005
9.3%
0.1%
88.0%
2.6%
99.6%
0.4%
78.2%
51.6%
2.1%
44.2%
38.9%
16.9%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2006
9.4%
0.1%
88.1%
2.4%
99.4%
0.6%
80.8%
60.6%
1.5%
46.2%
32.9%
20.9%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2007
8.5%
0.0%
81.1%
10.4%
0.3%
99.6%
0.0%
84.8%
65.2%
3.4%
44.6%
40.0%
15.4%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2008
8.0%
0.3%
80.2%
11.5%
3.2%
96.8%
0.1%
87.8%
63.5%
3.4%
44.6%
35.8%
19.5%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2009
6.8%
0.4%
82.0%
10.8%
4.5%
94.8%
0.7%
92.0%
79.7%
3.0%
47.6%
35.4%
17.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2010
5.7%
1.9%
77.6%
14.8%
6.6%
92.4%
1.0%
92.9%
90.5%
6.2%
48.8%
37.4%
13.7%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2011
5.4%
0.6%
81.2%
12.8%
16.4%
82.3%
1.1%
93.4%
93.7%
4.0%
38.5%
43.4%
18.1%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2012
5.6%
2.1%
76.7%
15.7%
25.4%
73.2%
1.2%
98.0%
97.4%
5.8%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2013
5.6%
2.6%
72.2%
19.6%
35.3%
62.8%
1.3%
97.6%
97.2%
6.9%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2014
4.7%
3.2%
63.9%
28.2%
40.8%
57.1%
1.6%
97.2%
96.8%
5.8%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2015
4.6%
2.8%
60.6%
32.0%
42.2%
55.8%
1.0%
97.0%
97.1%
5.3%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2016
4.1%
4.8%
60.7%
30.3%
49.7%
49.3%
0.1%
97.2%
98.9%
4.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2017
4.4%
4.9%
54.6%
36.2%
51.1%
47.6%
0.1%
97.1%
98.2%
6.0%
All
Car
Sedan/Wagon
2018
4.8%
7.3%
54.3%
33.6%
50.8%
44.7%
0.3%
94.4%
95.3%
7.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
1975
68.3%
31.7%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1976
69.1%
30.9%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1977
82.5%
17.5%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1978
84.2%
15.8%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1979
37.7%
58.3%
3.9%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1980
3.9%
9.4%
86.8%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1981
100.0%
100.0%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-190 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
All
Car
Car SUV
1982
23.4
20.2
19.3
19.8
438
458
450
2630
159
88
17.3
0.557
0.0335
30.7
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1983
24.3
19.5
22.4
20.7
454
388
430
3124
163
101
15.4
0.617
0.0325
38.4
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1984
22.6
17.5
22.1
19.3
505
390
461
3487
179
109
15.2
0.615
0.0313
39.7
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1985
23.5
17.6
24.2
20.1
503
366
443
3469
171
109
15.1
0.637
0.0314
40.8
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1986
22.3
17.1
21.7
18.9
517
409
470
3479
170
121
13.5
0.713
0.0348
38.9
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1987
22.9
17.1
23.1
19.4
518
385
458
3492
179
131
13.0
0.730
0.0374
40.0
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1988
22.7
17.1
22.5
19.2
519
393
462
3495
199
142
12.4
0.719
0.0405
39.9
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1989
22.7
17.1
22.1
19.1
520
402
465
3497
226
148
11.4
0.668
0.0422
39.8
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1990
22.5
16.9
21.5
18.8
522
411
472
3518
209
146
10.9
0.714
0.0415
39.6
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1991
21.8
16.4
20.5
18.2
534
428
488
3733
215
145
11.8
0.680
0.0385
40.7
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1992
21.4
16.1
20.1
17.8
544
435
498
3713
210
153
11.1
0.734
0.0409
39.9
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1993
20.4
15.0
19.6
17.0
582
448
522
3848
238
179
9.5
0.757
0.0462
39.5
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1994
21.8
16.1
20.5
18.0
545
431
493
3735
209
163
9.9
0.791
0.0434
40.6
2.6%
97.4%
All
Car
Car SUV
1995
21.5
15.7
20.5
17.8
556
430
499
3763
214
165
10.2
0.783
0.0436
40.6
0.1%
99.9%
All
Car
Car SUV
1996
22.4
16.2
21.1
18.4
538
416
482
3710
215
167
10.3
0.802
0.0448
41.7
6.3%
93.7%
All
Car
Car SUV
1997
23.5
17.1
21.7
19.2
508
403
462
3549
190
159
10.4
0.875
0.0446
41.9
20.3%
79.7%
All
Car
Car SUV
1998
22.3
16.0
20.8
18.2
547
423
487
3824
218
168
10.6
0.802
0.0439
42.8
10.3%
89.7%
All
Car
Car SUV
1999
22.7
16.3
21.0
18.5
538
420
480
3831
211
170
10.5
0.846
0.0442
43.7
15.4%
84.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
2000
22.0
15.7
20.3
17.9
559
435
497
3870
211
174
10.0
0.857
0.0448
42.8
12.7%
87.3%
All
Car
Car SUV
2001
23.3
16.4
21.4
18.8
532
410
472
3765
194
180
9.6
0.961
0.0477
44.2
37.1%
62.9%
All
Car
Car SUV
2002
24.0
16.7
22.0
19.3
522
397
460
3747
183
179
9.8
1.003
0.0479
45.3
55.5%
44.5%
All
Car
Car SUV
2003
24.8
17.2
22.7
19.9
510
386
446
3716
181
181
9.5
1.014
0.0486
46.4
65.9%
34.1%
All
Car
Car SUV
2004
24.9
17.0
23.1
20.0
517
381
445
3854
191
198
9.2
1.039
0.0511
48.2
72.9%
3.4%
23.7%
All
Car
Car SUV
2005
25.4
17.3
23.2
20.2
508
381
440
3848
186
192
9.3
1.040
0.0498
49.0
74.0%
14.5%
11.5%
All
Car
Car SUV
2006
25.7
17.5
23.5
20.5
502
376
434
3876
184
192
9.4
1.051
0.0493
50.0
77.7%
8.6%
13.7%
All
Car
Car SUV
2007
25.9
17.6
23.8
20.6
499
371
431
3935
185
208
9.1
1.127
0.0524
51.2
85.4%
4.7%
10.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
2008
26.6
18.1
24.4
21.2
483
362
419
3902
46.2
179
204
9.2
1.141
0.0518
52.4
87.0%
5.3%
7.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
2009
27.8
18.8
25.3
22.0
463
349
403
3846
46.1
175
206
8.7
1.174
0.0534
53.9
92.2%
2.8%
5.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
2010
29.1
19.6
26.5
23.0
447
332
386
3949
46.9
172
213
8.7
1.240
0.0538
57.8
88.4%
8.9%
2.8%
All
Car
Car SUV
2011
29.9
20.0
27.1
23.5
439
326
378
3890
46.9
166
207
CO
CO
1.243
0.0530
58.4
88.8%
9.7%
1.5%
All
Car
Car SUV
2012
29.6
19.8
26.8
23.3
0
0
381
3915
46.8
167
211
8.7
1.260
0.0536
58.6
81.6%
14.5%
3.9%
All
Car
Car SUV
2013
31.1
20.7
28.1
24.3
0
0
365
3966
47.1
161
214
8.7
1.351
0.0534
62.1
90.6%
7.8%
1.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
2014
31.4
20.8
28.1
24.4
0
0
364
3865
46.5
154
204
CO
CO
1.347
0.0523
61.0
91.0%
7.7%
1.3%
All
Car
Car SUV
2015
32.3
21.5
28.8
25.1
0
0
353
3868
46.4
153
202
CO
CO
1.339
0.0519
62.9
90.5%
8.1%
1.4%
All
Car
Car SUV
2016
33.8
22.6
29.8
26.2
0
0
338
3782
46.1
142
194
8.9
1.372
0.0508
66.2
85.4%
13.4%
1.2%
All
Car
Car SUV
2017
33.6
22.4
30.0
26.2
0
0
339
3855
46.5
138
198
8.9
1.453
0.0508
67.0
87.8%
10.2%
2.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
2018
34.8
23.3
30.1
26.8
0
0
331
3778
46.0
129
190
9.0
1.499
0.0498
68.1
90.8%
7.7%
1.5%
All
Car
All
1975
15.8
12.3
15.2
13.5
670
542
661
4057
288
136
0.515
0.0331
32.3
6.5%
93.5%
All
Car
All
1976
17.5
13.7
16.6
14.9
610
502
598
4059
287
134
0.502
0.0324
35.5
5.8%
94.2%
All
Car
All
1977
18.3
14.4
17.4
15.6
577
479
570
3944
279
133
0.516
0.0335
36.4
6.8%
93.2%
All
Car
All
1978
19.9
15.5
19.1
16.9
537
441
525
3588
251
124
13.7
0.538
0.0342
35.9
9.6%
90.4%
All
Car
All
1979
20.2
15.9
19.2
17.2
532
443
517
3485
238
119
14.5
0.545
0.0338
35.4
11.9%
0.3%
87.8%
All
Car
All
1980
23.5
18.3
22.6
20.0
467
380
446
3101
188
100
15.5
0.583
0.0322
36.6
29.7%
0.9%
69.4%
All
Car
All
1981
25.1
19.5
24.2
21.4
437
355
418
3076
182
99
15.6
0.594
0.0320
38.9
37.0%
0.7%
62.2%
All
Car
All
1982
26.0
20.1
25.5
22.2
424
337
402
3053
175
99
16.6
0.609
0.0320
40.1
45.6%
0.8%
53.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-191 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
All
Car
Car SUV
1982
4.6%
86.5%
8.9%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1983
19.3%
37.6%
43.2%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1984
19.4%
15.8%
64.8%
100.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1985
15.9%
84.1%
94.7%
5.3%
All
Car
Car SUV
1986
18.1%
81.9%
13.1%
0.0%
86.8%
0.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
1987
14.3%
85.7%
32.8%
67.2%
All
Car
Car SUV
1988
24.6%
75.4%
48.2%
51.8%
All
Car
Car SUV
1989
27.4%
72.6%
1.4%
44.7%
53.9%
All
Car
Car SUV
1990
35.1%
1.8%
63.0%
5.1%
63.3%
31.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
1991
22.2%
0.1%
77.7%
0.8%
49.3%
49.9%
All
Car
Car SUV
1992
24.6%
75.4%
1.2%
68.4%
30.3%
All
Car
Car SUV
1993
10.9%
89.1%
0.7%
90.6%
8.7%
All
Car
Car SUV
1994
21.5%
7.6%
70.9%
92.1%
7.9%
11.5%
All
Car
Car SUV
1995
17.4%
82.6%
90.8%
9.2%
19.1%
All
Car
Car SUV
1996
15.4%
84.6%
100.0%
32.4%
All
Car
Car SUV
1997
23.2%
6.1%
70.7%
100.0%
54.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
1998
11.1%
88.9%
100.0%
29.2%
All
Car
Car SUV
1999
8.4%
91.6%
100.0%
38.4%
4.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
2000
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
34.0%
5.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
2001
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
43.1%
10.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
2002
7.5%
92.4%
0.1%
100.0%
70.3%
18.3%
All
Car
Car SUV
2003
7.2%
84.4%
8.5%
100.0%
68.1%
19.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
2004
5.8%
87.9%
6.3%
100.0%
75.5%
37.9%
All
Car
Car SUV
2005
3.7%
91.9%
4.5%
100.0%
67.5%
27.3%
0.5%
All
Car
Car SUV
2006
3.1%
91.7%
5.2%
100.0%
86.8%
33.4%
1.1%
All
Car
Car SUV
2007
1.6%
94.5%
3.9%
100.0%
82.7%
46.8%
1.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
2008
0.7%
93.6%
5.7%
2.2%
97.8%
89.6%
56.4%
2.3%
All
Car
Car SUV
2009
0.6%
85.9%
13.5%
1.3%
98.7%
94.1%
73.7%
2.7%
All
Car
Car SUV
2010
0.2%
91.5%
8.3%
26.2%
73.8%
100.0%
99.9%
1.4%
All
Car
Car SUV
2011
0.5%
91.5%
8.0%
27.6%
72.4%
100.0%
99.8%
0.6%
All
Car
Car SUV
2012
0.4%
88.4%
11.2%
39.5%
60.4%
98.0%
98.0%
0.4%
All
Car
Car SUV
2013
0.3%
89.8%
9.8%
47.8%
52.2%
99.9%
99.9%
0.3%
All
Car
Car SUV
2014
0.7%
90.0%
9.4%
51.8%
48.1%
99.9%
99.9%
0.1%
All
Car
Car SUV
2015
0.6%
0.0%
79.4%
20.1%
52.8%
47.2%
100.0%
100.0%
0.3%
All
Car
Car SUV
2016
0.7%
3.9%
68.6%
26.8%
49.0%
50.0%
99.1%
99.1%
0.0%
All
Car
Car SUV
2017
0.2%
4.0%
79.4%
16.4%
57.2%
41.9%
99.1%
99.1%
0.1%
All
Car
Car SUV
2018
0.4%
2.7%
79.1%
17.8%
55.3%
42.5%
1.2%
99.1%
97.8%
0.4%
All
Car
All
1975
19.7%
80.0%
0.3%
94.6%
5.1%
0.2%
All
Car
All
1976
17.2%
82.8%
96.6%
3.2%
0.3%
All
Car
All
1977
16.9%
83.1%
95.3%
4.2%
0.5%
All
Car
All
1978
19.9%
73.0%
7.1%
94.0%
5.1%
0.9%
All
Car
All
1979
21.1%
69.6%
8.8%
0.5%
93.2%
4.7%
2.1%
All
Car
All
1980
30.9%
51.6%
16.8%
0.6%
88.7%
6.2%
0.7%
4.4%
All
Car
All
1981
29.9%
36.2%
33.3%
0.6%
85.3%
6.1%
2.6%
5.9%
All
Car
All
1982
29.2%
19.1%
51.3%
0.5%
78.4%
7.2%
9.8%
4.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-192 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
All
Car
All
1983
25.9
19.9
25.5
22.1
422
335
403
3112
182
104
14.8
0.615
0.0330
40.7
47.1%
3.1%
49.9%
All
Car
All
1984
26.3
20.2
25.9
22.4
419
331
397
3101
179
106
14.5
0.637
0.0338
41.1
53.5%
1.0%
45.5%
All
Car
All
1985
26.9
20.6
26.7
23.0
412
322
387
3096
177
111
13.9
0.671
0.0354
41.9
61.1%
2.1%
36.8%
All
Car
All
1986
27.9
21.2
27.6
23.7
403
314
375
3043
167
111
13.2
0.701
0.0360
42.6
70.7%
1.0%
28.2%
All
Car
All
1987
28.0
21.2
27.7
23.8
404
314
374
3035
162
113
13.3
0.732
0.0365
42.7
76.4%
1.1%
22.6%
All
Car
All
1988
28.5
21.4
28.1
24.1
400
309
369
3051
161
116
13.3
0.758
0.0375
43.7
80.9%
0.8%
18.3%
All
Car
All
1989
28.1
20.8
27.8
23.6
412
314
376
3104
163
121
12.5
0.782
0.0387
43.7
81.6%
1.0%
17.4%
All
Car
All
1990
27.7
20.4
27.4
23.3
422
319
382
3178
163
129
11.4
0.829
0.0401
44.2
84.0%
1.0%
15.0%
All
Car
All
1991
27.8
20.4
27.4
23.3
422
318
382
3168
164
133
11.3
0.847
0.0413
44.2
81.1%
1.3%
17.5%
All
Car
All
1992
27.4
19.8
27.2
22.9
433
320
389
3254
171
141
10.8
0.864
0.0427
44.7
78.4%
1.1%
20.5%
All
Car
All
1993
27.6
19.9
27.3
23.0
431
318
386
3241
170
140
10.1
0.859
0.0427
45.1
80.6%
1.1%
18.3%
All
Car
All
1994
27.7
19.8
27.4
23.0
434
318
386
3268
169
144
9.9
0.880
0.0432
45.5
81.3%
0.4%
18.3%
All
Car
All
1995
28.1
19.8
27.9
23.3
434
313
382
3274
168
153
9.8
0.941
0.0460
46.2
80.1%
1.1%
18.8%
All
Car
All
1996
28.0
19.7
27.6
23.1
439
316
384
3297
167
155
10.1
0.952
0.0463
46.4
83.7%
1.4%
14.8%
All
Car
All
1997
28.2
19.7
27.6
23.2
440
316
384
3285
165
156
10.0
0.970
0.0468
46.5
83.8%
1.7%
14.5%
All
Car
All
1998
28.1
19.5
27.5
23.0
445
318
386
3334
167
160
10.2
0.983
0.0473
47.1
82.9%
2.1%
15.0%
All
Car
All
1999
27.8
19.2
27.0
22.7
454
324
392
3390
168
164
10.1
1.000
0.0479
47.3
83.2%
2.1%
14.7%
All
Car
All
2000
27.7
19.0
26.7
22.5
457
328
395
3401
168
168
9.5
1.021
0.0489
47.3
80.4%
2.0%
17.7%
All
Car
All
2001
27.9
19.1
26.7
22.6
453
326
393
3411
167
169
9.4
1.035
0.0491
48.0
80.3%
3.0%
16.7%
All
Car
All
2002
28.3
19.2
26.8
22.8
452
326
390
3415
167
173
9.4
1.061
0.0502
48.6
82.9%
3.6%
13.5%
All
Car
All
2003
28.7
19.3
27.1
23.0
449
322
386
3437
166
176
9.1
1.082
0.0508
49.7
80.9%
3.2%
15.9%
All
Car
All
2004
28.5
19.1
27.0
22.9
453
323
389
3492
170
184
9.0
1.101
0.0520
50.3
80.2%
5.3%
14.5%
All
Car
All
2005
29.1
19.4
27.2
23.1
443
320
384
3498
168
183
9.0
1.108
0.0516
51.5
79.2%
6.6%
14.2%
All
Car
All
2006
28.9
19.2
27.1
23.0
447
321
386
3563
173
194
CO
CO
1.138
0.0536
52.2
75.9%
6.0%
18.0%
All
Car
All
2007
29.8
19.8
27.8
23.7
428
312
375
3551
167
191
8.9
1.154
0.0530
53.9
81.0%
5.6%
13.4%
All
Car
All
2008
30.1
20.0
28.0
23.9
424
310
372
3569
45.3
166
194
8.9
1.174
0.0534
54.6
78.8%
7.1%
14.1%
All
Car
All
2009
31.6
21.0
29.2
25.0
407
299
356
3502
45.0
157
186
8.9
1.189
0.0522
56.3
83.5%
6.3%
10.2%
All
Car
All
2010
32.6
21.7
29.9
25.7
0
0
346
3536
45.4
158
190
CO
CO
1.203
0.0528
59.6
82.5%
6.3%
11.2%
All
Car
All
2011
32.3
21.3
29.6
25.4
0
0
350
3617
46.0
160
200
8.6
1.250
0.0544
60.0
80.1%
8.6%
11.3%
All
Car
All
2012
34.4
22.7
31.2
26.9
0
0
331
3519
45.7
150
192
8.6
1.276
0.0536
62.6
83.8%
7.5%
8.8%
All
Car
All
2013
35.5
23.4
32.1
27.7
0
0
321
3543
45.9
147
197
8.5
1.345
0.0546
65.7
83.0%
7.7%
9.3%
All
Car
All
2014
35.6
23.4
32.0
27.6
0
0
322
3559
46.1
148
198
8.4
1.352
0.0546
66.0
81.3%
8.2%
10.6%
All
Car
All
2015
36.5
23.9
32.7
28.2
0
0
314
3556
46.1
146
197
8.4
1.356
0.0544
68.0
80.4%
9.9%
9.7%
All
Car
All
2016
36.9
24.2
33.0
28.5
0
0
311
3533
46.1
142
196
8.4
1.396
0.0546
68.6
79.8%
11.0%
9.1%
All
Car
All
2017
37.6
24.8
33.8
29.2
0
0
303
3555
46.2
138
194
8.4
1.420
0.0536
72.6
79.8%
11.9%
8.3%
All
Car
All
2018
39.1
25.7
34.1
29.9
0
0
293
3578
46.5
135
200
8.2
1.485
0.0549
80.7
76.3%
12.8%
10.9%
All
Truck
Van
1975
13.1
10.6
11.9
11.1
819
718
800
4196
318
143
0.448
0.0341
28.1
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
1976
13.9
11.1
12.8
11.8
783
675
754
4200
324
146
0.447
0.0347
29.7
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
1977
14.7
11.9
13.3
12.5
730
654
710
4252
332
152
0.458
0.0359
31.7
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
1978
14.2
11.6
12.7
12.1
747
681
736
4250
329
149
13.4
0.453
0.0351
30.8
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
1979
13.5
11.1
12.1
11.5
780
717
774
4541
322
144
15.5
0.451
0.0317
31.3
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
1980
16.6
13.3
15.4
14.1
658
566
629
4353
288
131
16.5
0.459
0.0299
36.4
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
1981
17.5
14.0
16.0
14.8
628
546
599
4324
284
129
16.5
0.458
0.0298
38.0
0.3%
99.7%
All
Truck
Van
1982
17.3
13.9
15.9
14.7
629
552
605
4342
287
132
17.6
0.463
0.0303
38.0
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
1983
17.7
14.1
16.5
15.1
626
532
593
4414
294
136
15.7
0.466
0.0307
39.7
0.2%
99.8%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-193 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
All
Car
All
1983
26.0%
16.8%
56.7%
0.5%
69.7%
9.4%
18.8%
2.1%
All
Car
All
1984
24.1%
17.5%
58.3%
0.0%
59.1%
14.9%
24.3%
1.7%
All
Car
All
1985
22.8%
18.4%
58.9%
46.0%
21.3%
31.8%
0.9%
All
Car
All
1986
24.7%
17.1%
58.1%
34.4%
36.5%
28.7%
0.3%
4.7%
All
Car
All
1987
24.8%
15.5%
59.7%
26.5%
42.4%
30.8%
0.2%
14.6%
All
Car
All
1988
24.3%
9.5%
66.2%
16.1%
53.7%
30.2%
0.0%
19.7%
All
Car
All
1989
21.1%
9.5%
69.3%
0.1%
9.6%
62.2%
28.1%
0.0%
24.1%
All
Car
All
1990
19.8%
7.4%
72.8%
0.0%
1.4%
77.4%
21.2%
0.0%
32.8%
0.6%
All
Car
All
1991
20.6%
5.7%
73.7%
0.0%
0.1%
77.2%
22.6%
0.1%
33.2%
2.4%
All
Car
All
1992
17.6%
6.0%
76.4%
0.0%
0.0%
88.9%
11.0%
0.1%
34.0%
4.4%
All
Car
All
1993
17.5%
4.9%
77.6%
0.0%
0.0%
91.5%
8.5%
34.8%
4.5%
All
Car
All
1994
16.9%
4.1%
78.9%
94.8%
5.2%
0.0%
39.9%
7.7%
All
Car
All
1995
16.3%
1.8%
81.9%
98.6%
1.3%
0.1%
51.4%
9.6%
All
Car
All
1996
14.9%
1.5%
83.6%
0.0%
98.8%
1.1%
0.1%
56.4%
11.3%
All
Car
All
1997
13.9%
0.8%
85.2%
0.1%
99.2%
0.8%
0.1%
58.4%
10.8%
All
Car
All
1998
12.2%
0.3%
87.4%
0.1%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
59.6%
17.4%
All
Car
All
1999
10.8%
0.6%
88.6%
0.0%
99.8%
0.1%
0.2%
63.2%
16.4%
All
Car
All
2000
10.8%
1.0%
88.1%
0.0%
99.7%
0.1%
0.2%
63.2%
22.2%
0.1%
All
Car
All
2001
11.0%
0.8%
88.0%
0.2%
99.8%
0.2%
65.3%
26.9%
0.2%
All
Car
All
2002
10.9%
0.2%
88.4%
0.4%
99.6%
0.4%
69.9%
32.8%
0.3%
All
Car
All
2003
10.9%
87.7%
1.4%
99.7%
0.3%
73.4%
39.8%
0.6%
All
Car
All
2004
9.8%
0.2%
88.2%
1.7%
99.7%
0.3%
77.1%
43.7%
0.9%
All
Car
All
2005
8.8%
0.1%
88.4%
2.8%
99.6%
0.4%
77.2%
49.4%
1.9%
All
Car
All
2006
8.8%
0.1%
88.4%
2.7%
99.4%
0.6%
81.3%
58.2%
1.5%
All
Car
All
2007
7.8%
0.0%
82.5%
9.7%
0.3%
99.7%
0.0%
84.6%
63.3%
3.2%
All
Car
All
2008
7.2%
0.3%
81.7%
10.8%
3.1%
96.9%
0.1%
88.0%
62.7%
3.3%
All
Car
All
2009
6.2%
0.3%
82.4%
11.1%
4.2%
95.2%
0.6%
92.2%
79.1%
2.9%
All
Car
All
2010
5.0%
1.6%
79.4%
14.0%
9.2%
89.9%
0.9%
93.8%
91.8%
5.6%
All
Car
All
2011
4.6%
0.5%
83.0%
12.0%
18.4%
80.6%
0.9%
94.5%
94.8%
3.4%
All
Car
All
2012
4.9%
1.8%
78.4%
15.0%
27.4%
71.3%
1.0%
98.0%
97.5%
5.1%
All
Car
All
2013
4.8%
2.2%
75.0%
18.1%
37.3%
61.1%
1.1%
98.0%
97.6%
5.9%
All
Car
All
2014
4.0%
2.7%
68.4%
25.0%
42.7%
55.5%
1.3%
97.6%
97.3%
4.8%
All
Car
All
2015
3.9%
2.3%
63.9%
29.9%
44.0%
54.3%
0.8%
97.6%
97.6%
4.4%
All
Car
All
2016
3.4%
4.7%
62.4%
29.6%
49.6%
49.5%
0.1%
97.6%
99.0%
3.2%
All
Car
All
2017
3.5%
4.7%
60.1%
31.8%
52.4%
46.3%
0.1%
97.5%
98.4%
4.7%
All
Car
All
2018
4.0%
6.4%
59.0%
30.6%
51.7%
44.3%
0.5%
95.3%
95.7%
6.2%
All
Truck
Van
1975
23.3%
76.7%
99.8%
0.2%
All
Truck
Van
1976
20.5%
79.5%
99.7%
0.3%
All
Truck
Van
1977
14.3%
85.7%
99.6%
0.4%
All
Truck
Van
1978
13.0%
87.0%
99.6%
0.4%
All
Truck
Van
1979
14.8%
78.4%
6.8%
98.2%
1.8%
All
Truck
Van
1980
26.0%
35.0%
39.0%
93.5%
6.5%
All
Truck
Van
1981
21.9%
31.4%
46.6%
95.4%
4.6%
All
Truck
Van
1982
15.7%
38.5%
45.8%
95.2%
3.0%
1.8%
All
Truck
Van
1983
12.0%
28.6%
59.3%
92.0%
3.5%
4.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-194 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
All
Truck
Van
1984
18.9
15.0
17.7
16.1
568
480
552
4075
249
126
15.9
0.538
0.0307
39.3
22.3%
77.7%
All
Truck
Van
1985
19.5
15.5
18.1
16.5
552
470
537
3975
236
129
15.3
0.578
0.0322
39.3
30.4%
0.3%
69.3%
All
Truck
Van
1986
20.6
16.1
19.4
17.5
536
445
509
3998
228
127
14.7
0.588
0.0317
41.5
24.4%
1.3%
74.3%
All
Truck
Van
1987
20.9
16.2
19.8
17.7
536
437
503
3972
226
142
13.9
0.657
0.0356
41.7
27.5%
1.9%
70.5%
All
Truck
Van
1988
21.2
16.2
20.3
17.9
540
427
497
4053
229
147
13.9
0.671
0.0363
43.2
36.3%
0.8%
63.0%
All
Truck
Van
1989
21.1
16.1
20.2
17.8
542
430
499
4057
225
146
13.4
0.680
0.0360
43.2
34.4%
0.7%
64.9%
All
Truck
Van
1990
21.2
16.0
20.4
17.8
546
426
498
4095
225
149
12.5
0.682
0.0363
43.8
46.8%
6.6%
46.7%
All
Truck
Van
1991
21.4
16.0
20.5
17.9
546
428
496
4133
220
149
12.7
0.701
0.0359
44.5
38.2%
10.9%
50.9%
All
Truck
Van
1992
21.5
15.9
20.5
17.9
548
426
496
4151
222
152
12.2
0.705
0.0366
44.8
45.4%
5.5%
49.1%
All
Truck
Van
1993
21.9
16.0
21.0
18.2
547
416
488
4105
218
155
11.2
0.730
0.0378
45.0
49.8%
4.5%
45.6%
All
Truck
Van
1994
21.5
15.7
20.5
17.8
557
426
498
4156
226
159
11.0
0.721
0.0383
44.9
52.3%
6.4%
41.3%
All
Truck
Van
1995
21.8
15.8
21.0
18.1
556
416
492
4110
231
159
11.2
0.708
0.0387
45.0
61.3%
9.1%
29.6%
All
Truck
Van
1996
22.2
15.9
21.4
18.3
552
410
485
4195
220
171
11.3
0.790
0.0408
46.8
73.8%
2.3%
23.9%
All
Truck
Van
1997
22.1
15.7
21.2
18.2
559
415
489
4240
220
174
11.2
0.802
0.0410
46.9
64.8%
4.7%
30.6%
All
Truck
Van
1998
22.7
16.0
22.0
18.7
550
401
475
4183
217
180
11.1
0.840
0.0431
47.7
78.3%
3.2%
18.4%
All
Truck
Van
1999
22.3
15.6
21.5
18.3
564
408
486
4306
223
183
11.1
0.832
0.0424
48.1
76.0%
2.7%
21.3%
All
Truck
Van
2000
22.8
15.9
21.8
18.6
556
402
478
4276
217
183
10.6
0.858
0.0428
48.9
80.6%
2.7%
16.7%
All
Truck
Van
2001
22.1
15.3
21.1
18.0
569
412
493
4518
229
202
10.1
0.897
0.0447
50.3
69.3%
8.7%
22.1%
All
Truck
Van
2002
23.1
15.9
21.9
18.7
554
400
475
4394
218
199
10.1
0.929
0.0455
50.9
84.3%
3.0%
12.6%
All
Truck
Van
2003
23.5
16.0
22.2
19.0
550
394
468
4393
219
202
10.0
0.929
0.0459
51.7
83.5%
5.0%
11.4%
All
Truck
Van
2004
23.7
16.0
22.7
19.2
553
388
464
4487
219
214
9.7
0.988
0.0477
53.4
86.6%
4.9%
8.5%
All
Truck
Van
2005
24.0
16.1
22.8
19.3
550
388
460
4430
216
209
9.7
0.976
0.0472
53.2
89.2%
5.5%
5.4%
All
Truck
Van
2006
24.3
16.2
23.1
19.5
546
382
455
4475
216
211
9.7
0.984
0.0472
54.4
89.8%
4.5%
5.7%
All
Truck
Van
2007
24.2
16.1
23.1
19.5
549
383
456
4479
219
225
9.4
1.034
0.0503
54.3
93.8%
2.9%
3.3%
All
Truck
Van
2008
24.6
16.4
23.5
19.8
539
377
448
4527
54.1
220
221
9.6
1.010
0.0488
55.9
92.9%
4.0%
3.1%
All
Truck
Van
2009
25.0
16.7
23.7
20.1
530
373
443
4572
54.5
215
220
9.4
1.033
0.0482
57.2
94.1%
2.5%
3.4%
All
Truck
Van
2010
25.0
16.7
23.7
20.1
526
373
442
4533
54.2
214
212
9.7
1.001
0.0467
56.8
96.3%
1.6%
2.1%
All
Truck
Van
2011
26.3
17.6
24.5
20.9
503
360
424
4502
55.4
212
259
8.4
1.224
0.0574
59.2
91.4%
5.6%
2.9%
All
Truck
Van
2012
26.6
17.7
25.1
21.3
498
352
418
4442
54.8
210
254
8.5
1.211
0.0570
59.3
93.4%
3.1%
3.5%
All
Truck
Van
2013
26.3
17.5
24.8
21.1
503
356
422
4543
54.8
209
257
8.5
1.228
0.0563
59.8
93.1%
4.1%
2.8%
All
Truck
Van
2014
26.6
17.7
25.0
21.3
497
352
418
4489
55.1
213
260
8.3
1.224
0.0579
60.0
93.3%
3.8%
2.9%
All
Truck
Van
2015
27.4
18.3
25.4
21.8
481
348
408
4416
54.6
203
250
8.5
1.229
0.0563
60.7
94.1%
4.6%
1.3%
All
Truck
Van
2016
27.2
18.1
25.5
21.7
489
347
410
4459
55.2
206
256
8.3
1.246
0.0573
60.7
94.8%
2.4%
2.8%
All
Truck
Van
2017
28.0
18.4
26.4
22.2
468
334
399
4503
55.7
206
268
7.9
1.296
0.0591
64.0
92.5%
5.4%
2.1%
All
Truck
Van
2018
29.0
19.2
26.8
22.9
392
324
386
4485
55.1
201
262
7.8
1.295
0.0581
67.8
93.9%
3.6%
2.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
13.0
10.6
11.5
11.0
814
736
806
4214
332
148
0.443
0.0361
27.2
88.9%
11.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
13.9
11.2
12.5
11.8
776
695
755
4328
339
142
0.415
0.0333
29.8
89.5%
10.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
15.1
12.2
13.7
12.8
713
638
692
4248
337
145
0.428
0.0345
32.0
88.4%
11.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
14.5
11.6
13.2
12.3
749
662
723
4282
342
150
13.2
0.435
0.0353
30.8
92.4%
7.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
12.4
10.3
10.8
10.5
835
794
844
4561
337
145
14.8
0.433
0.0323
28.3
72.2%
27.8%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
15.5
12.5
14.1
13.2
688
613
676
4237
295
131
15.7
0.453
0.0307
32.9
88.9%
11.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
16.8
13.4
15.5
14.3
641
556
621
4208
290
132
15.4
0.460
0.0315
35.4
90.5%
9.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
17.3
13.7
16.2
14.7
645
542
616
4494
305
133
16.8
0.444
0.0300
39.9
86.2%
13.8%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
18.5
14.5
17.7
15.8
600
487
568
4270
265
127
15.5
0.507
0.0300
40.3
91.3%
8.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
19.0
14.9
18.0
16.2
575
474
551
4049
231
122
15.6
0.554
0.0300
39.0
93.3%
6.7%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-195 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
All
Truck
Van
1984
15.5%
39.0%
45.6%
0.0%
89.0%
6.6%
3.1%
1.2%
All
Truck
Van
1985
10.0%
42.7%
47.4%
90.4%
6.3%
2.9%
0.3%
All
Truck
Van
1986
8.5%
31.4%
60.1%
61.5%
21.8%
16.3%
0.4%
All
Truck
Van
1987
6.4%
25.7%
67.6%
0.2%
23.9%
45.8%
30.2%
0.1%
All
Truck
Van
1988
3.7%
17.6%
78.7%
0.2%
56.9%
42.8%
0.1%
All
Truck
Van
1989
2.9%
20.5%
76.5%
0.0%
58.1%
41.8%
0.1%
All
Truck
Van
1990
1.8%
4.7%
93.5%
0.0%
58.1%
41.9%
0.1%
All
Truck
Van
1991
1.4%
2.1%
96.5%
63.3%
36.6%
0.1%
All
Truck
Van
1992
1.6%
2.0%
96.4%
71.9%
28.1%
0.1%
All
Truck
Van
1993
1.2%
1.7%
97.2%
79.0%
21.0%
All
Truck
Van
1994
0.5%
2.1%
97.4%
81.2%
18.8%
3.5%
All
Truck
Van
1995
0.1%
1.6%
98.2%
87.4%
12.6%
4.5%
All
Truck
Van
1996
0.0%
1.6%
98.4%
100.0%
5.7%
All
Truck
Van
1997
0.4%
99.6%
100.0%
6.3%
All
Truck
Van
1998
100.0%
100.0%
10.4%
All
Truck
Van
1999
100.0%
100.0%
12.5%
8.2%
All
Truck
Van
2000
100.0%
100.0%
21.6%
15.0%
All
Truck
Van
2001
100.0%
100.0%
22.6%
17.0%
All
Truck
Van
2002
100.0%
100.0%
28.4%
20.9%
All
Truck
Van
2003
100.0%
100.0%
25.8%
19.6%
All
Truck
Van
2004
100.0%
100.0%
52.3%
46.1%
All
Truck
Van
2005
94.9%
5.1%
100.0%
38.0%
25.0%
All
Truck
Van
2006
95.3%
4.7%
100.0%
46.8%
36.4%
All
Truck
Van
2007
95.5%
4.5%
100.0%
53.1%
48.7%
All
Truck
Van
2008
0.1%
99.9%
100.0%
52.8%
48.1%
All
Truck
Van
2009
0.3%
99.7%
100.0%
58.9%
47.1%
All
Truck
Van
2010
0.2%
99.8%
100.0%
51.8%
37.7%
All
Truck
Van
2011
96.9%
3.1%
100.0%
96.6%
92.5%
All
Truck
Van
2012
0.2%
96.6%
3.2%
100.0%
96.0%
91.7%
All
Truck
Van
2013
0.1%
96.9%
3.0%
100.0%
96.6%
90.3%
All
Truck
Van
2014
0.1%
97.1%
2.8%
0.3%
99.7%
96.5%
97.8%
All
Truck
Van
2015
91.9%
8.1%
4.9%
95.1%
99.6%
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
2016
97.1%
2.9%
9.9%
90.1%
99.9%
100.0%
All
Truck
Van
2017
93.7%
6.3%
6.9%
93.1%
99.8%
100.0%
0.5%
All
Truck
Van
2018
91.0%
9.0%
38.2%
61.8%
100.0%
100.0%
3.2%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1975
39.8%
60.2%
100.0%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1976
32.2%
67.8%
100.0%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1977
32.6%
67.4%
100.0%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1978
32.1%
67.9%
100.0%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1979
33.1%
66.5%
0.4%
99.8%
0.2%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1980
43.6%
30.3%
26.1%
97.7%
2.3%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1981
41.0%
17.9%
41.1%
100.0%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1982
31.9%
23.1%
45.0%
83.4%
16.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1983
33.7%
13.6%
52.3%
0.4%
92.4%
7.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1984
30.3%
28.9%
40.8%
97.5%
2.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-196 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
19.4
15.1
18.7
16.5
571
456
538
4092
222
123
15.4
0.583
0.0299
40.2
91.3%
8.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
20.1
15.6
19.1
17.0
547
452
523
3958
210
128
14.0
0.653
0.0323
40.0
93.3%
6.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
20.4
15.8
19.5
17.3
539
440
515
3882
212
137
13.5
0.680
0.0353
39.7
94.1%
5.9%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
20.2
15.5
19.2
17.0
548
448
522
3906
222
144
13.3
0.682
0.0369
39.4
94.3%
5.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
19.7
15.0
18.6
16.6
572
465
537
4086
244
156
12.4
0.665
0.0384
40.3
93.5%
6.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
19.6
14.8
18.6
16.4
579
467
541
4098
235
155
11.7
0.694
0.0381
40.1
92.5%
7.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
20.0
15.0
19.1
16.7
583
460
531
4157
233
162
11.6
0.709
0.0391
41.6
96.3%
3.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
19.4
14.5
18.5
16.2
603
474
548
4204
235
170
11.0
0.738
0.0408
40.8
95.4%
4.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
19.6
14.5
18.6
16.3
601
471
546
4331
244
179
10.1
0.753
0.0419
42.3
93.1%
6.9%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
19.3
14.3
18.2
16.0
613
482
555
4331
245
180
10.1
0.756
0.0420
41.8
95.7%
4.3%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
19.3
14.2
18.2
16.0
616
482
555
4323
245
177
10.4
0.751
0.0414
41.8
90.1%
9.9%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
19.6
14.2
18.7
16.2
616
470
548
4386
259
189
10.5
0.744
0.0432
43.1
83.8%
16.2%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
19.6
14.2
18.4
16.1
616
478
551
4463
255
190
10.5
0.765
0.0427
43.7
81.9%
18.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
19.7
14.1
18.5
16.2
616
473
550
4450
252
192
10.7
0.786
0.0432
43.9
86.2%
13.8%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
19.6
14.1
18.4
16.1
618
478
553
4518
253
204
10.4
0.837
0.0452
44.4
79.4%
20.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
19.6
14.0
18.2
16.0
622
482
555
4602
253
206
10.0
0.839
0.0449
45.2
83.5%
16.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
20.2
14.4
18.6
16.4
606
470
541
4546
239
213
9.6
0.920
0.0469
46.0
7.4%
76.5%
16.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
20.1
14.1
18.7
16.3
619
470
545
4636
245
229
9.4
0.952
0.0493
46.6
1.7%
74.5%
23.9%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
20.3
14.1
18.8
16.4
616
465
541
4754
247
233
9.3
0.967
0.0492
48.2
2.6%
73.7%
23.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
20.4
14.1
19.0
16.5
620
462
539
4756
252
240
9.1
0.973
0.0505
48.5
2.8%
74.8%
22.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
20.8
14.3
19.2
16.7
610
456
531
4756
244
244
8.9
1.018
0.0512
49.6
2.9%
77.2%
19.9%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
21.4
14.7
19.7
17.2
588
445
518
4715
236
240
9.0
1.028
0.0507
50.9
5.1%
77.2%
17.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
22.0
15.1
20.3
17.7
576
431
503
4797
240
252
8.9
1.068
0.0523
53.1
6.5%
75.3%
18.2%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
22.7
15.5
20.9
18.2
558
419
489
4727
48.7
230
250
8.9
1.105
0.0525
54.0
10.1%
75.7%
14.2%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
24.1
16.4
22.2
19.3
529
395
461
4548
48.6
211
244
8.7
1.170
0.0532
55.1
17.5%
75.0%
7.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
24.7
16.8
22.6
19.7
515
387
452
4555
48.3
212
243
8.7
1.163
0.0531
56.6
14.2%
77.7%
8.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
24.9
16.9
22.8
19.8
513
385
449
4665
49.7
217
257
8.5
1.203
0.0547
58.2
13.8%
77.3%
8.9%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
25.1
17.1
23.0
20.0
510
381
445
4640
49.7
215
261
8.4
1.232
0.0558
58.5
13.8%
79.9%
6.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
26.3
17.8
23.9
20.8
486
365
427
4584
49.7
205
257
8.4
1.284
0.0555
60.6
13.8%
80.4%
5.8%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
27.3
18.4
24.8
21.6
470
352
412
4483
49.2
196
250
8.4
1.300
0.0554
61.6
12.8%
81.8%
5.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
27.8
18.7
25.2
21.9
460
346
406
4533
49.4
198
254
8.4
1.307
0.0554
63.5
11.1%
82.4%
6.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
28.2
19.0
25.4
22.2
451
342
400
4482
49.1
191
252
8.3
1.350
0.0556
64.0
11.7%
83.3%
5.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
28.3
19.1
25.7
22.4
449
338
398
4510
49.4
190
257
8.2
1.401
0.0564
64.6
13.3%
81.7%
4.9%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
29.5
19.9
26.0
23.0
432
335
387
4438
49.0
180
252
8.1
1.466
0.0561
66.1
12.2%
83.1%
4.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
1975
14.0
11.1
13.1
11.9
759
627
746
4012
306
141
0.491
0.0351
28.8
13.5%
86.5%
All
Truck
Pickup
1976
14.6
11.7
13.4
12.4
720
614
714
4122
316
139
0.466
0.0339
30.9
20.9%
79.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
1977
16.0
12.9
14.5
13.6
651
567
656
4092
313
146
0.496
0.0357
33.4
21.4%
78.6%
All
Truck
Pickup
1978
15.7
12.8
14.1
13.3
655
582
668
4104
306
144
13.4
0.496
0.0350
33.1
27.0%
73.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
1979
15.5
12.7
13.9
13.2
661
591
674
4142
287
136
14.9
0.502
0.0327
32.9
12.6%
87.4%
All
Truck
Pickup
1980
19.4
15.5
17.9
16.5
548
471
541
3740
236
118
15.6
0.549
0.0315
36.7
1.8%
21.1%
77.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
1981
21.0
16.7
19.5
17.9
510
435
500
3679
237
115
15.6
0.521
0.0313
39.3
2.3%
16.8%
80.8%
All
Truck
Pickup
1982
21.7
17.2
20.3
18.5
497
421
486
3629
228
117
16.4
0.545
0.0322
40.1
2.2%
17.7%
80.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
1983
22.2
17.5
20.9
18.9
484
404
473
3544
212
112
15.2
0.566
0.0317
40.0
1.9%
22.1%
76.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
1984
21.5
16.9
20.2
18.3
501
417
488
3619
215
114
15.1
0.563
0.0314
39.4
0.6%
24.7%
74.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
1985
21.4
16.9
20.1
18.2
499
418
489
3642
221
123
14.2
0.588
0.0336
39.6
25.4%
74.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-197 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1985
29.5%
13.6%
56.9%
92.9%
4.4%
1.0%
1.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1986
38.9%
7.5%
53.6%
51.8%
25.9%
20.6%
1.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1987
39.6%
9.4%
51.0%
27.8%
33.1%
38.7%
0.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1988
34.5%
8.0%
57.5%
17.6%
47.3%
34.8%
0.3%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1989
26.0%
8.5%
65.6%
6.9%
46.3%
46.5%
0.3%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1990
29.1%
4.1%
66.8%
5.2%
56.7%
37.8%
0.3%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1991
21.8%
1.7%
76.5%
0.4%
62.2%
37.2%
0.2%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1992
21.7%
0.9%
77.4%
74.5%
25.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1993
19.1%
0.9%
79.9%
83.0%
17.0%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1994
15.2%
84.8%
84.7%
15.3%
13.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1995
15.0%
85.0%
84.9%
15.1%
15.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1996
6.1%
93.9%
100.0%
0.0%
13.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1997
9.7%
90.3%
100.0%
0.0%
19.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1998
7.5%
92.5%
100.0%
0.0%
22.0%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
1999
5.9%
94.1%
100.0%
26.4%
2.9%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2000
4.9%
95.1%
100.0%
22.7%
2.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2001
3.8%
96.2%
100.0%
39.6%
14.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2002
3.2%
96.7%
0.0%
100.0%
44.2%
25.0%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2003
2.2%
96.5%
1.3%
100.0%
51.6%
33.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2004
2.2%
96.7%
1.0%
100.0%
0.0%
53.2%
38.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2005
2.2%
96.3%
1.5%
99.7%
0.3%
64.3%
50.0%
0.2%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2006
2.4%
93.0%
4.6%
99.7%
0.3%
69.8%
60.2%
3.1%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2007
2.1%
92.1%
5.8%
99.7%
0.3%
61.8%
54.3%
1.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2008
1.7%
91.6%
6.7%
2.0%
97.6%
0.4%
71.8%
60.5%
2.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2009
1.2%
88.2%
10.7%
7.6%
91.8%
0.6%
82.4%
69.0%
1.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2010
1.8%
0.8%
86.8%
10.6%
12.2%
87.2%
0.6%
82.7%
83.0%
1.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2011
1.2%
0.0%
87.4%
11.4%
15.1%
84.1%
0.8%
83.6%
92.6%
0.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2012
1.6%
88.4%
9.9%
18.3%
80.5%
1.2%
89.2%
95.8%
0.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2013
1.2%
84.9%
13.9%
23.0%
76.2%
0.9%
91.6%
98.3%
0.7%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2014
1.2%
82.0%
16.8%
27.1%
71.8%
1.1%
88.0%
97.4%
0.6%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2015
1.0%
0.3%
76.5%
22.1%
37.7%
61.3%
1.0%
91.4%
98.6%
0.5%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2016
0.9%
0.2%
77.3%
21.6%
49.5%
49.9%
0.6%
93.1%
99.4%
1.4%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2017
0.6%
0.5%
77.4%
21.5%
49.8%
50.0%
0.2%
94.4%
99.6%
1.8%
All
Truck
Truck SUV
2018
1.2%
0.5%
79.3%
19.1%
54.6%
44.7%
0.7%
95.3%
97.7%
3.5%
All
Truck
Pickup
1975
41.1%
58.9%
100.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
1976
38.8%
61.2%
100.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
1977
35.9%
64.1%
100.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
1978
37.4%
62.6%
98.8%
1.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1979
39.9%
58.8%
1.3%
97.5%
2.5%
All
Truck
Pickup
1980
58.8%
19.3%
21.9%
94.8%
1.0%
4.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1981
57.7%
14.8%
27.5%
92.3%
0.6%
7.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
1982
53.9%
16.6%
29.5%
89.5%
0.2%
10.3%
All
Truck
Pickup
1983
56.3%
15.3%
28.0%
0.4%
95.5%
0.1%
4.4%
All
Truck
Pickup
1984
54.9%
15.9%
29.3%
96.3%
1.0%
2.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
1985
51.6%
14.8%
33.7%
82.8%
11.4%
4.5%
1.2%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-198 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
All
Truck
Pickup
1986
22.2
17.5
20.8
18.9
487
407
471
3574
206
120
13.6
0.623
0.0336
40.1
25.2%
74.8%
All
Truck
Pickup
1987
22.5
17.5
21.2
19.0
487
400
467
3526
202
123
13.5
0.639
0.0347
40.1
0.0%
25.5%
74.5%
All
Truck
Pickup
1988
21.5
16.5
20.4
18.1
515
418
490
3737
229
138
13.1
0.627
0.0365
40.5
0.0%
28.4%
71.6%
All
Truck
Pickup
1989
21.2
16.2
20.0
17.8
527
428
499
3803
236
143
12.4
0.633
0.0373
40.5
28.9%
71.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
1990
20.7
15.7
19.7
17.4
542
434
511
3928
247
152
11.3
0.647
0.0384
41.1
27.9%
72.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
1991
21.7
16.3
20.7
18.2
523
415
489
3779
232
146
11.4
0.658
0.0385
41.4
24.8%
75.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1992
20.9
15.5
20.0
17.5
551
430
508
3976
245
151
11.2
0.644
0.0379
41.8
26.3%
73.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
1993
21.1
15.6
20.2
17.6
551
429
505
3996
244
156
10.4
0.666
0.0390
42.4
0.0%
27.6%
72.4%
All
Truck
Pickup
1994
21.0
15.5
19.9
17.4
554
434
510
4056
248
163
10.2
0.687
0.0401
43.0
29.3%
70.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
1995
20.4
14.9
19.3
16.9
572
444
526
4182
257
167
10.3
0.687
0.0399
43.1
33.0%
67.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
1996
20.8
15.1
19.7
17.1
568
437
518
4190
251
178
10.5
0.737
0.0422
43.9
29.3%
70.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
1997
20.4
14.7
19.4
16.8
586
448
528
4415
264
196
10.2
0.756
0.0439
45.3
34.7%
65.3%
All
Truck
Pickup
1998
20.7
14.8
19.6
17.0
581
443
523
4282
252
190
10.5
0.773
0.0439
44.6
34.8%
65.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1999
19.9
14.2
18.6
16.3
610
468
546
4486
267
205
10.3
0.776
0.0453
44.7
45.3%
54.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
2000
20.5
14.6
18.9
16.7
598
463
534
4340
255
203
9.8
0.803
0.0462
44.4
38.4%
61.6%
All
Truck
Pickup
2001
19.6
13.9
18.1
16.0
626
483
557
4551
269
216
9.4
0.812
0.0470
44.7
38.7%
61.3%
All
Truck
Pickup
2002
19.5
13.8
17.8
15.8
636
493
564
4690
271
226
9.4
0.838
0.0480
45.6
42.4%
57.6%
All
Truck
Pickup
2003
19.9
14.0
18.2
16.1
623
481
553
4642
264
223
9.5
0.847
0.0475
46.3
39.5%
60.5%
All
Truck
Pickup
2004
19.6
13.7
17.8
15.7
642
493
565
4939
281
249
9.1
0.885
0.0501
48.2
46.3%
53.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
2005
19.7
13.6
18.1
15.8
645
486
561
4988
284
260
CO
CO
0.917
0.0520
49.1
46.7%
53.3%
All
Truck
Pickup
2006
20.1
13.9
18.4
16.1
632
478
551
4968
278
256
8.9
0.925
0.0514
49.8
45.8%
54.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
2007
20.1
13.8
18.5
16.2
636
476
550
5144
286
269
8.9
0.938
0.0519
51.6
45.4%
54.6%
All
Truck
Pickup
2008
20.5
14.1
18.9
16.5
623
465
539
5161
63.0
286
276
8.9
0.962
0.0531
53.0
47.5%
52.5%
All
Truck
Pickup
2009
21.0
14.4
19.5
16.9
610
453
526
5176
62.6
287
278
8.5
0.971
0.0534
54.3
50.6%
49.4%
All
Truck
Pickup
2010
20.9
14.3
19.4
16.9
615
454
527
5309
63.5
293
289
8.4
0.987
0.0542
55.5
57.0%
43.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
2011
21.4
14.6
19.9
17.2
602
443
516
5268
63.9
282
304
8.2
1.086
0.0571
56.3
60.3%
39.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
2012
21.3
14.6
19.9
17.2
604
443
516
5335
64.3
286
317
7.9
1.122
0.0590
56.9
62.4%
37.6%
All
Truck
Pickup
2013
21.7
14.8
20.2
17.5
596
436
509
5429
65.3
282
328
7.8
1.186
0.0600
58.9
63.2%
36.8%
All
Truck
Pickup
2014
22.4
15.3
20.9
18.0
577
422
493
5485
66.2
293
334
7.6
1.158
0.0606
61.7
64.9%
35.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
2015
23.5
16.0
21.7
18.8
553
407
474
5165
65.3
277
324
7.6
1.207
0.0626
60.9
66.9%
33.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
2016
23.6
16.1
21.8
18.9
548
405
471
5150
64.5
266
324
7.5
1.266
0.0630
61.1
67.1%
32.9%
All
Truck
Pickup
2017
23.7
16.1
21.8
18.9
548
405
470
5217
64.8
274
333
7.4
1.258
0.0637
61.8
0.5%
69.7%
29.8%
All
Truck
Pickup
2018
24.2
16.5
22.2
19.3
537
399
462
5184
64.7
262
339
7.1
1.361
0.0655
62.9
0.3%
67.7%
32.0%
All
Truck
All
1975
13.7
10.9
12.7
11.6
777
655
764
4073
311
142
0.476
0.0349
28.5
17.2%
82.8%
All
Truck
All
1976
14.4
11.6
13.2
12.2
736
632
726
4155
320
141
0.458
0.0340
30.5
23.0%
77.0%
All
Truck
All
1977
15.6
12.6
14.2
13.3
670
587
669
4136
318
147
0.482
0.0356
33.0
23.8%
76.2%
All
Truck
All
1978
15.3
12.4
13.7
12.9
680
607
687
4152
315
146
13.4
0.481
0.0351
32.4
29.1%
70.9%
All
Truck
All
1979
14.7
12.1
13.1
12.5
696
628
711
4257
299
138
15.0
0.485
0.0325
32.1
18.1%
81.9%
All
Truck
All
1980
18.6
14.8
17.1
15.8
572
493
565
3869
248
121
15.7
0.528
0.0313
36.3
1.4%
25.0%
73.6%
All
Truck
All
1981
20.1
16.0
18.6
17.1
531
455
523
3806
247
119
15.7
0.508
0.0311
38.8
1.9%
20.1%
78.0%
All
Truck
All
1982
20.5
16.3
19.0
17.4
525
446
516
3813
244
120
16.6
0.524
0.0317
39.7
1.7%
20.2%
78.1%
All
Truck
All
1983
20.8
16.5
19.6
17.7
515
430
504
3773
232
118
15.3
0.542
0.0313
39.9
1.4%
26.1%
72.5%
All
Truck
All
1984
20.4
16.1
19.3
17.4
526
438
512
3787
225
118
15.3
0.556
0.0310
39.3
5.0%
31.5%
63.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-199 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
All
Truck
Pickup
1986
58.4%
11.2%
30.4%
60.6%
21.2%
17.6%
0.6%
All
Truck
Pickup
1987
58.5%
12.7%
28.9%
40.8%
26.9%
32.0%
0.3%
All
Truck
Pickup
1988
51.0%
10.3%
38.8%
16.1%
35.4%
48.3%
0.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1989
52.4%
6.1%
41.5%
10.0%
38.8%
51.1%
0.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1990
45.8%
4.3%
49.8%
6.0%
52.4%
41.4%
0.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1991
52.2%
1.4%
46.4%
3.2%
47.9%
48.7%
0.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1992
47.1%
0.9%
52.1%
3.2%
58.0%
38.6%
0.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
1993
43.9%
0.8%
55.3%
2.1%
61.2%
36.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
1994
40.0%
1.0%
59.0%
0.8%
69.5%
29.7%
2.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1995
39.6%
0.9%
59.5%
69.5%
30.5%
5.5%
All
Truck
Pickup
1996
34.6%
1.4%
64.0%
0.0%
99.8%
0.2%
13.3%
All
Truck
Pickup
1997
25.3%
74.7%
99.9%
0.1%
6.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
1998
27.3%
1.5%
71.1%
100.0%
0.0%
11.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
1999
17.5%
0.9%
81.5%
100.0%
0.0%
7.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
2000
16.7%
0.8%
82.5%
100.0%
12.7%
All
Truck
Pickup
2001
12.0%
0.8%
87.1%
100.0%
12.8%
All
Truck
Pickup
2002
9.5%
0.9%
89.6%
100.0%
17.8%
All
Truck
Pickup
2003
10.3%
0.9%
88.8%
100.0%
14.5%
All
Truck
Pickup
2004
7.0%
0.9%
92.1%
100.0%
32.4%
18.9%
0.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
2005
5.7%
94.3%
100.0%
40.9%
39.1%
0.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
2006
6.2%
93.8%
100.0%
49.0%
47.5%
0.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
2007
4.4%
95.6%
100.0%
40.0%
40.0%
0.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
2008
4.0%
96.0%
100.0%
41.3%
37.8%
All
Truck
Pickup
2009
4.1%
95.7%
0.2%
100.0%
42.4%
36.8%
0.2%
All
Truck
Pickup
2010
2.4%
97.5%
0.1%
100.0%
59.9%
62.2%
0.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
2011
2.1%
97.8%
0.1%
7.6%
92.4%
50.1%
86.1%
0.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
2012
1.5%
98.5%
0.1%
10.3%
89.7%
55.7%
94.6%
0.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
2013
1.2%
98.8%
0.0%
15.3%
84.7%
61.8%
96.5%
0.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
2014
0.7%
99.3%
45.0%
55.0%
48.8%
99.3%
All
Truck
Pickup
2015
0.9%
99.1%
55.1%
43.1%
1.8%
53.5%
90.4%
All
Truck
Pickup
2016
0.7%
99.3%
49.9%
47.9%
2.2%
62.5%
89.6%
0.0%
All
Truck
Pickup
2017
0.9%
99.1%
50.4%
48.3%
1.3%
58.8%
92.4%
0.1%
All
Truck
Pickup
2018
0.6%
99.4%
41.0%
56.2%
2.9%
67.5%
89.9%
0.2%
All
Truck
All
1975
36.9%
63.1%
99.9%
0.1%
All
Truck
All
1976
34.7%
65.3%
99.9%
0.1%
All
Truck
All
1977
31.6%
68.4%
99.9%
0.1%
All
Truck
All
1978
32.1%
67.9%
99.1%
0.1%
0.8%
All
Truck
All
1979
35.1%
62.8%
2.1%
97.9%
0.3%
1.8%
All
Truck
All
1980
53.0%
22.4%
24.5%
94.9%
1.7%
3.5%
All
Truck
All
1981
51.6%
17.3%
31.1%
93.3%
1.1%
5.6%
All
Truck
All
1982
45.9%
20.7%
33.4%
89.9%
0.7%
9.4%
All
Truck
All
1983
46.3%
17.4%
36.0%
0.3%
94.6%
0.6%
4.8%
All
Truck
All
1984
42.5%
22.9%
34.6%
0.0%
95.0%
2.0%
0.6%
2.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-200 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
All
Truck
All
1985
20.5
16.2
19.3
17.5
523
436
509
3803
225
124
14.7
0.585
0.0326
39.6
7.3%
31.3%
61.4%
All
Truck
All
1986
21.4
16.8
20.1
18.2
507
423
489
3741
212
123
13.9
0.619
0.0330
40.4
5.9%
30.7%
63.4%
All
Truck
All
1987
21.6
16.8
20.4
18.3
509
417
486
3718
211
131
13.6
0.652
0.0351
40.5
7.6%
32.2%
60.2%
All
Truck
All
1988
21.1
16.2
20.1
17.8
527
426
498
3850
228
141
13.3
0.649
0.0365
40.9
9.2%
34.1%
56.7%
All
Truck
All
1989
20.9
15.9
19.8
17.6
540
435
506
3932
234
146
12.7
0.653
0.0371
41.3
10.1%
32.8%
57.1%
All
Truck
All
1990
20.7
15.6
19.8
17.4
549
436
512
4014
237
151
11.8
0.667
0.0377
41.8
15.8%
31.8%
52.4%
All
Truck
All
1991
21.2
15.9
20.2
17.8
542
428
500
3961
229
150
11.8
0.681
0.0379
42.3
10.3%
37.3%
52.3%
All
Truck
All
1992
20.8
15.4
19.9
17.3
560
437
512
4078
236
155
11.5
0.682
0.0380
42.6
14.5%
33.4%
52.1%
All
Truck
All
1993
21.0
15.5
20.1
17.5
559
432
507
4098
235
160
10.6
0.705
0.0391
43.2
16.8%
32.7%
50.6%
All
Truck
All
1994
20.7
15.2
19.6
17.2
568
442
518
4149
241
166
10.4
0.713
0.0401
43.2
13.8%
39.2%
47.0%
All
Truck
All
1995
20.5
14.9
19.4
17.0
579
445
524
4201
245
168
10.6
0.712
0.0400
43.3
18.4%
42.3%
39.3%
All
Truck
All
1996
20.8
15.0
19.8
17.2
578
439
518
4255
245
179
10.7
0.755
0.0421
44.5
20.9%
39.2%
39.8%
All
Truck
All
1997
20.5
14.7
19.4
16.8
590
450
528
4394
251
189
10.5
0.769
0.0428
45.1
14.2%
45.2%
40.6%
All
Truck
All
1998
20.8
14.8
19.7
17.1
585
441
521
4317
244
188
10.7
0.794
0.0435
45.1
19.3%
45.1%
35.5%
All
Truck
All
1999
20.3
14.5
19.1
16.6
602
456
535
4457
252
199
10.5
0.811
0.0446
45.4
17.5%
48.1%
34.4%
All
Truck
All
2000
20.7
14.7
19.3
16.8
596
452
528
4421
245
199
10.1
0.830
0.0448
45.8
20.0%
46.3%
33.8%
All
Truck
All
2001
20.3
14.4
18.8
16.5
606
462
538
4543
249
212
9.6
0.873
0.0465
46.3
16.3%
48.8%
34.8%
All
Truck
All
2002
20.3
14.3
18.8
16.5
612
463
539
4612
249
223
9.5
0.911
0.0482
47.0
15.4%
51.6%
33.1%
All
Truck
All
2003
20.7
14.4
19.1
16.7
606
456
533
4655
248
224
9.4
0.920
0.0481
48.1
15.4%
50.4%
34.1%
All
Truck
All
2004
20.5
14.2
18.9
16.5
618
460
538
4783
258
240
9.2
0.946
0.0500
49.0
12.5%
56.5%
31.0%
All
Truck
All
2005
21.0
14.4
19.5
16.9
607
448
526
4763
251
242
9.1
0.976
0.0506
50.2
20.1%
52.2%
27.7%
All
Truck
All
2006
21.4
14.6
19.7
17.2
594
442
518
4758
247
240
9.1
0.985
0.0503
51.2
18.9%
53.1%
28.0%
All
Truck
All
2007
21.6
14.8
20.0
17.4
591
438
512
4871
253
254
9.0
1.020
0.0519
52.8
16.1%
55.5%
28.4%
All
Truck
All
2008
22.2
15.1
20.5
17.8
574
426
499
4837
54.0
246
254
9.0
1.046
0.0522
53.9
18.4%
56.8%
24.8%
All
Truck
All
2009
23.1
15.7
21.4
18.5
553
409
480
4753
53.8
236
252
8.7
1.089
0.0527
55.1
21.0%
58.5%
20.5%
All
Truck
All
2010
23.4
15.9
21.7
18.8
544
403
474
4784
53.8
237
253
CO
CO
1.087
0.0526
56.3
20.9%
61.0%
18.0%
All
Truck
All
2011
23.9
16.2
22.0
19.1
535
397
466
4824
54.4
236
271
8.4
1.171
0.0557
57.8
17.7%
65.0%
17.3%
All
Truck
All
2012
24.1
16.4
22.3
19.3
531
392
461
4809
54.5
234
276
8.3
1.198
0.0569
58.2
20.9%
64.3%
14.8%
All
Truck
All
2013
24.8
16.8
22.8
19.8
515
382
450
4824
54.7
228
277
8.2
1.250
0.0569
60.0
18.1%
67.5%
14.5%
All
Truck
All
2014
25.5
17.3
23.5
20.3
501
371
437
4790
55.0
227
277
8.1
1.249
0.0572
61.4
17.5%
68.3%
14.2%
All
Truck
All
2015
26.5
17.9
24.2
21.1
482
360
423
4680
53.9
218
271
8.2
1.275
0.0573
62.6
16.0%
71.4%
12.6%
All
Truck
All
2016
26.8
18.1
24.4
21.2
476
357
420
4656
53.7
212
272
8.1
1.319
0.0577
63.0
15.8%
72.0%
12.2%
All
Truck
All
2017
26.9
18.2
24.6
21.4
472
352
416
4689
53.8
212
277
7.9
1.357
0.0585
63.8
16.1%
72.8%
11.0%
All
Truck
All
2018
27.8
18.8
24.9
21.8
453
349
408
4647
53.8
204
277
7.8
1.426
0.0588
65.3
14.5%
73.5%
12.1%
All
All
All
1975
15.3
12.0
14.6
13.1
688
561
681
4060
293
137
0.507
0.0335
31.6
5.3%
3.3%
91.4%
All
All
All
1976
16.7
13.2
15.7
14.2
633
525
625
4079
294
135
0.493
0.0328
34.4
4.6%
4.8%
90.6%
All
All
All
1977
17.7
14.0
16.6
15.1
593
497
590
3982
287
136
0.510
0.0339
35.7
5.5%
4.7%
89.8%
All
All
All
1978
18.6
14.7
17.5
15.8
564
470
562
3715
266
129
13.6
0.525
0.0344
35.1
7.4%
6.6%
86.0%
All
All
All
1979
18.7
14.9
17.4
15.9
561
474
560
3655
252
124
14.6
0.532
0.0335
34.7
9.2%
4.3%
86.5%
All
All
All
1980
22.5
17.6
21.5
19.2
481
395
466
3228
198
104
15.6
0.574
0.0320
36.6
25.0%
4.9%
70.1%
All
All
All
1981
24.1
18.8
23.0
20.5
451
369
436
3202
193
102
15.6
0.580
0.0318
38.9
31.0%
4.0%
65.0%
All
All
All
1982
24.7
19.2
23.9
21.1
440
354
425
3202
188
103
16.6
0.593
0.0320
40.0
37.0%
4.6%
58.4%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-201 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
All
Truck
All
1985
37.6%
21.2%
41.1%
86.5%
8.9%
3.5%
1.1%
All
Truck
All
1986
43.0%
15.5%
41.5%
59.4%
22.1%
17.8%
0.7%
All
Truck
All
1987
40.5%
15.7%
43.8%
0.1%
33.6%
33.3%
32.8%
0.3%
All
Truck
All
1988
35.8%
11.7%
52.5%
12.4%
43.2%
44.3%
0.2%
All
Truck
All
1989
32.8%
10.8%
56.4%
0.0%
6.5%
45.9%
47.5%
0.2%
All
Truck
All
1990
28.1%
4.4%
67.5%
0.0%
3.8%
55.0%
40.9%
0.2%
All
Truck
All
1991
31.5%
1.7%
66.8%
1.7%
55.3%
42.8%
0.1%
All
Truck
All
1992
27.5%
1.2%
71.3%
1.6%
65.7%
32.6%
0.1%
All
Truck
All
1993
24.7%
1.1%
74.2%
1.0%
71.5%
27.5%
All
Truck
All
1994
23.7%
1.0%
75.3%
0.4%
76.2%
23.4%
5.2%
All
Truck
All
1995
20.7%
0.9%
78.5%
79.4%
20.6%
8.0%
All
Truck
All
1996
15.6%
1.0%
83.4%
0.0%
99.9%
0.1%
11.2%
All
Truck
All
1997
14.1%
0.1%
85.8%
100.0%
0.0%
11.1%
All
Truck
All
1998
13.6%
0.6%
85.8%
100.0%
0.0%
14.8%
All
Truck
All
1999
9.2%
0.4%
90.4%
100.0%
0.0%
15.7%
3.0%
All
Truck
All
2000
8.2%
0.3%
91.5%
100.0%
18.6%
4.6%
All
Truck
All
2001
6.3%
0.3%
93.4%
100.0%
25.9%
9.3%
All
Truck
All
2002
4.7%
0.3%
94.9%
0.0%
100.0%
32.8%
16.0%
All
Truck
All
2003
4.6%
0.3%
94.4%
0.6%
100.0%
34.6%
19.7%
All
Truck
All
2004
3.5%
0.3%
95.6%
0.6%
100.0%
0.0%
46.2%
32.9%
0.0%
All
Truck
All
2005
2.9%
95.3%
1.8%
99.9%
0.1%
51.1%
41.2%
0.1%
All
Truck
All
2006
3.3%
93.7%
3.1%
99.9%
0.1%
58.4%
51.5%
1.5%
All
Truck
All
2007
2.6%
93.8%
3.7%
99.9%
0.1%
53.3%
48.7%
0.8%
All
Truck
All
2008
2.2%
94.1%
3.6%
1.1%
98.7%
0.2%
59.5%
51.6%
1.3%
All
Truck
All
2009
2.0%
92.0%
6.0%
4.2%
95.4%
0.3%
66.7%
56.0%
0.9%
All
Truck
All
2010
1.8%
0.4%
91.9%
5.9%
6.8%
92.9%
0.4%
71.5%
70.5%
0.9%
All
Truck
All
2011
1.3%
0.0%
91.4%
7.3%
11.3%
88.1%
0.5%
75.2%
90.7%
0.4%
All
Truck
All
2012
1.4%
92.4%
6.2%
13.5%
85.8%
0.7%
80.6%
94.9%
0.4%
All
Truck
All
2013
1.1%
90.2%
8.7%
18.4%
81.1%
0.5%
83.5%
96.9%
0.4%
All
Truck
All
2014
0.9%
88.9%
10.2%
29.7%
69.6%
0.6%
76.9%
98.0%
0.4%
All
Truck
All
2015
0.9%
0.2%
83.6%
15.3%
39.0%
59.9%
1.1%
82.7%
96.7%
0.3%
All
Truck
All
2016
0.8%
0.2%
84.8%
14.3%
46.2%
52.9%
1.0%
85.7%
96.9%
0.9%
All
Truck
All
2017
0.7%
0.3%
84.2%
14.8%
46.6%
52.9%
0.5%
85.8%
97.8%
1.2%
All
Truck
All
2018
0.9%
0.3%
85.6%
13.1%
49.7%
49.0%
1.3%
87.9%
95.7%
2.6%
All
All
All
1975
23.0%
76.8%
0.2%
95.7%
4.1%
0.0%
0.2%
All
All
All
1976
20.9%
79.1%
97.3%
2.5%
0.0%
0.2%
All
All
All
1977
19.8%
80.2%
96.2%
3.4%
0.0%
0.4%
All
All
All
1978
22.7%
71.9%
5.5%
95.2%
3.9%
0.0%
0.9%
All
All
All
1979
24.2%
68.1%
7.3%
0.4%
94.2%
3.7%
0.1%
2.0%
All
All
All
1980
34.6%
46.8%
18.1%
0.5%
89.7%
5.2%
0.8%
4.3%
All
All
All
1981
33.6%
32.9%
33.0%
0.5%
86.7%
5.1%
2.4%
5.9%
All
All
All
1982
32.4%
19.4%
47.8%
0.4%
80.6%
5.8%
8.0%
5.6%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-202 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Fuel Economy (MPG)
C02 Emissions (g/mi)
Engine
Drivetrain
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Real-
Foot
Car or
Vehicle
Model
2-Cycle
World
World
World
World
World
World
Weight
print
Volume
0-60
HP/
HP/
Ton-
Cu Ft-
Cu Ft-Ton-
Manufacturer
Truck
Type
Year
55/45*
City
Hwy
Comb
City
Hwy
Comb
(lbs)
(ft2)
(Cu-Ft)
CID
HP
Time
CID
WT
MPG
MPG
MPG
Front
4WD
Rear
All
All
All
1983
24.6
19.0
23.9
21.0
440
353
426
3257
193
107
14.9
0.599
0.0327
40.5
37.0%
8.1%
54.8%
All
All
All
1984
24.6
19.1
24.0
21.0
440
351
424
3262
190
109
14.7
0.618
0.0332
40.7
42.1%
8.2%
49.8%
All
All
All
1985
25.0
19.3
24.4
21.3
435
345
417
3271
189
114
14.1
0.650
0.0347
41.4
47.8%
9.3%
42.9%
All
All
All
1986
25.7
19.8
25.0
21.8
427
338
407
3238
180
114
13.4
0.678
0.0351
42.0
52.6%
9.3%
38.0%
All
All
All
1987
25.9
19.8
25.3
22.0
428
336
405
3221
175
118
13.4
0.710
0.0361
42.1
57.7%
9.6%
32.8%
All
All
All
1988
25.9
19.6
25.2
21.9
430
336
407
3283
180
123
13.3
0.726
0.0372
42.9
60.0%
10.5%
29.5%
All
All
All
1989
25.4
19.1
24.8
21.4
444
343
415
3351
185
129
12.5
0.743
0.0382
43.0
60.2%
10.5%
29.3%
All
All
All
1990
25.2
18.7
24.6
21.2
453
346
420
3426
185
135
11.5
0.781
0.0394
43.5
63.8%
10.1%
26.1%
All
All
All
1991
25.4
18.8
24.7
21.3
452
345
418
3410
184
138
11.4
0.796
0.0402
43.6
59.6%
12.3%
28.1%
All
All
All
1992
24.9
18.2
24.4
20.8
466
349
427
3512
191
145
11.0
0.807
0.0413
44.1
58.4%
11.2%
30.4%
All
All
All
1993
25.1
18.2
24.4
20.9
465
348
426
3519
191
147
10.3
0.809
0.0416
44.5
59.9%
11.3%
28.8%
All
All
All
1994
24.6
17.8
23.8
20.4
477
356
436
3603
197
152
10.1
0.816
0.0420
44.6
55.6%
15.2%
29.2%
All
All
All
1995
24.7
17.7
24.1
20.5
477
351
434
3613
196
158
10.1
0.857
0.0438
45.2
57.6%
16.2%
26.3%
All
All
All
1996
24.8
17.6
24.0
20.4
483
354
435
3659
197
164
10.4
0.878
0.0447
45.6
60.0%
15.7%
24.3%
All
All
All
1997
24.5
17.4
23.6
20.2
490
359
441
3727
199
169
10.2
0.890
0.0452
45.9
56.1%
19.0%
24.9%
All
All
All
1998
24.5
17.2
23.6
20.1
494
360
442
3744
199
171
10.4
0.904
0.0457
46.3
56.4%
20.1%
23.5%
All
All
All
1999
24.1
16.9
23.0
19.7
506
369
451
3835
203
179
10.3
0.921
0.0465
46.5
55.8%
21.3%
22.9%
All
All
All
2000
24.3
16.9
23.0
19.8
506
370
450
3821
200
181
9.8
0.942
0.0472
46.7
55.5%
20.2%
24.3%
All
All
All
2001
24.2
16.8
22.8
19.6
506
371
453
3879
201
187
9.5
0.968
0.0480
47.3
53.8%
22.0%
24.2%
All
All
All
2002
24.1
16.6
22.5
19.5
512
376
457
3951
203
195
9.4
0.994
0.0493
47.9
52.7%
25.0%
22.3%
All
All
All
2003
24.3
16.7
22.7
19.6
510
373
454
3999
204
199
9.3
1.007
0.0496
49.0
50.7%
25.0%
24.3%
All
All
All
2004
24.0
16.3
22.4
19.3
519
377
461
4111
212
211
9.1
1.026
0.0511
49.7
47.7%
29.8%
22.4%
All
All
All
2005
24.8
16.8
23.1
19.9
503
367
447
4059
205
209
9.0
1.049
0.0512
50.9
53.0%
26.8%
20.2%
All
All
All
2006
25.2
17.0
23.4
20.1
499
363
442
4067
204
213
8.9
1.073
0.0522
51.7
51.9%
25.8%
22.3%
All
All
All
2007
25.8
17.4
24.0
20.6
483
354
431
4093
203
217
8.9
1.099
0.0525
53.4
54.3%
26.1%
19.6%
All
All
All
2008
26.3
17.7
24.4
21.0
475
348
424
4085
48.9
199
219
8.9
1.122
0.0529
54.4
54.2%
27.3%
18.5%
All
All
All
2009
28.2
18.9
26.0
22.4
446
328
397
3914
47.9
183
208
CO
CO
1.156
0.0523
55.9
62.9%
23.5%
13.6%
All
All
All
2010
28.4
19.1
26.2
22.6
0
0
394
4001
48.5
188
214
CO
CO
1.160
0.0527
58.3
59.6%
26.7%
13.7%
All
All
All
2011
28.1
18.8
25.9
22.3
0
0
399
4126
49.5
192
230
8.5
1.217
0.0549
59.1
53.8%
32.4%
13.8%
All
All
All
2012
29.9
19.9
27.3
23.6
0
0
377
3979
48.8
180
222
8.5
1.248
0.0548
61.0
61.4%
27.7%
10.9%
All
All
All
2013
30.7
20.5
28.0
24.2
0
0
368
4003
49.1
176
226
8.4
1.310
0.0554
63.7
59.7%
29.1%
11.1%
All
All
All
2014
30.7
20.4
27.9
24.1
0
0
369
4060
49.7
180
230
8.3
1.310
0.0557
64.1
55.3%
32.6%
12.1%
All
All
All
2015
31.4
20.9
28.5
24.6
0
0
361
4035
49.4
177
229
8.3
1.321
0.0557
65.7
52.9%
36.1%
10.9%
All
All
All
2016
31.6
21.0
28.5
24.7
0
0
359
4035
49.5
173
230
8.3
1.361
0.0560
66.1
51.2%
38.3%
10.5%
All
All
All
2017
31.7
21.1
28.7
24.9
0
0
357
4093
49.8
173
233
8.2
1.390
0.0559
68.4
49.6%
40.8%
9.6%
All
All
All
2018
32.7
21.8
28.9
25.4
0
0
348
4094
50.0
169
237
8.0
1.456
0.0568
73.3
46.4%
42.1%
11.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-203 March 2019
-------
^^^p^^Emlronmentai Protection 2018 EPA Automotive Trends Report Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Asencv Supplemental Table K: Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type
Manufacturer
Car or
Truck
Vehicle
Type
Model
Year
Transmission
Fuel Metering
Multi-
Valve
WT
Hybrid
Vehicle Size
Manual
utomat
Lockup
CVT
Other
Carb
GDI
Port
TBI
Diesel
Small
Mid
Large
All
All
All
1983
30.5%
17.0%
52.1%
0.4%
75.2%
7.3%
14.8%
2.7%
All
All
All
1984
28.4%
18.8%
52.8%
0.0%
67.6%
11.9%
18.7%
1.8%
All
All
All
1985
26.5%
19.1%
54.5%
56.1%
18.2%
24.8%
0.9%
All
All
All
1986
29.8%
16.7%
53.5%
41.4%
32.5%
25.7%
0.4%
All
All
All
1987
29.1%
15.5%
55.4%
0.0%
28.4%
39.9%
31.4%
0.3%
All
All
All
1988
27.6%
10.2%
62.2%
15.0%
50.6%
34.3%
0.1%
All
All
All
1989
24.6%
9.9%
65.5%
0.1%
0.0%
8.7%
57.3%
33.9%
0.1%
All
All
All
1990
22.2%
6.5%
71.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2.1%
70.8%
27.0%
0.1%
0.4%
All
All
All
1991
23.9%
4.5%
71.6%
0.0%
0.6%
70.6%
28.7%
0.1%
1.7%
All
All
All
1992
20.7%
4.5%
74.8%
0.0%
0.5%
81.6%
17.8%
0.1%
3.0%
All
All
All
1993
19.8%
3.7%
76.5%
0.0%
0.3%
85.0%
14.6%
3.0%
All
All
All
1994
19.5%
3.0%
77.6%
0.1%
87.7%
12.1%
0.0%
26.7%
4.8%
All
All
All
1995
17.9%
1.4%
80.7%
91.6%
CO
0.0%
35.6%
6.1%
All
All
All
1996
15.2%
1.3%
83.5%
0.0%
0.0%
99.3%
0.7%
0.1%
39.3%
7.0%
All
All
All
1997
14.0%
0.5%
85.5%
0.0%
99.5%
0.5%
0.1%
39.6%
6.5%
All
All
All
1998
12.8%
0.5%
86.7%
0.0%
99.8%
0.1%
0.1%
40.9%
10.1%
All
All
All
1999
10.1%
0.5%
89.4%
0.0%
99.9%
0.1%
0.1%
43.4%
10.8%
All
All
All
2000
9.7%
0.7%
89.5%
0.0%
99.8%
0.0%
0.1%
44.8%
15.0%
0.0%
All
All
All
2001
9.0%
0.6%
90.3%
0.1%
99.9%
0.1%
49.0%
19.6%
0.1%
All
All
All
2002
8.2%
0.3%
91.4%
0.2%
99.8%
0.2%
53.3%
25.3%
0.2%
All
All
All
2003
8.0%
0.1%
90.8%
1.1%
99.8%
0.2%
55.5%
30.6%
0.3%
All
All
All
2004
6.8%
0.3%
91.8%
1.2%
99.9%
0.1%
62.3%
38.5%
0.5%
All
All
All
2005
6.2%
0.1%
91.5%
2.3%
99.7%
0.3%
65.6%
45.8%
1.1%
All
All
All
2006
6.5%
0.0%
90.6%
2.8%
99.6%
0.4%
71.7%
55.4%
1.5%
All
All
All
2007
5.6%
0.0%
87.1%
7.2%
0.2%
99.8%
0.1%
71.7%
57.3%
2.2%
All
All
All
2008
5.2%
0.2%
86.8%
7.9%
2.3%
97.6%
0.1%
76.4%
58.2%
2.5%
All
All
All
2009
4.8%
0.2%
85.6%
9.4%
4.2%
95.2%
0.5%
83.8%
71.5%
2.3%
All
All
All
2010
3.8%
1.2%
84.1%
11.0%
8.3%
91.0%
0.7%
85.5%
83.8%
3.8%
All
All
All
2011
3.2%
0.3%
86.5%
10.0%
15.4%
83.8%
0.8%
86.4%
93.1%
2.2%
All
All
All
2012
3.6%
1.1%
83.4%
11.9%
22.5%
76.5%
0.9%
91.8%
96.6%
3.4%
All
All
All
2013
3.5%
1.4%
80.4%
14.7%
30.5%
68.3%
0.9%
92.8%
97.4%
3.9%
All
All
All
2014
2.8%
1.6%
76.7%
19.0%
37.4%
61.3%
1.0%
89.2%
97.6%
3.0%
All
All
All
2015
2.6%
1.4%
72.3%
23.7%
41.9%
56.7%
0.9%
91.2%
97.2%
2.7%
All
All
All
2016
2.2%
2.6%
72.4%
22.8%
48.0%
51.0%
0.5%
92.3%
98.0%
2.2%
All
All
All
2017
2.1%
2.6%
71.5%
23.8%
49.7%
49.4%
0.3%
91.9%
98.1%
3.1%
All
All
All
2018
2.5%
3.5%
71.8%
22.2%
50.7%
46.6%
0.9%
91.7%
95.7%
4.5%
* See Appendix C for more information on 2-cycle data
EPA-420-R-19-002 K-204 March 2019
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