ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
8 \
% pro^G
-------
environmental protection -geno
1922 Sudget Estl-r.ate
Table of Contents
Page
ijmj".' ;
Sir A- 1
^Datenent and Control:
Air Qua'ity and Stationary Source Planning and Standards A-14
Motile Source Standards and Guidelines A-21
State Program Resource Assistance A-30
At- Quality Strategies Imolementation A-36
^oSile Source Preproduction Compliance Verification A-41
"rends Monitoring and 3roqress Assessment A-46
:ifo rce~ent:
Statianary Source Enforcenent A-41
Mosile Source Enforcement A-46
Research and Development:
C xi Jants A-49
vOMle Source A-81
Gases and 'articles A-89
^.azardojs Air 3o'lutantS A-66
-'iter Quality WO-1
-lOatcnent and Control:
Water Quality Planning and Standards VQ-17
Effluent Stanoards and Guidelines WC-31
Grants Assistance froqrans WO-39
water Quality Strategies implementation WQ-46
water Quality Mcn'tonnc and Analysis WQ-62
M^piciaa' Source Control WQ-68
En' ore eoe t:
5emit Issuance WQ-82
Water Quality Enforcement WQ-87
¦>e-.earch and Develoonent:
Wate" Duality WQ-93
Industrial Wastewater WQ-114
Municipal Wastewater'Soil 1 Prevention WO-125
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Or inning water . •%-1
Asatsnent and Control:
Cr.teria, Standards, aid Guidelines Ow-t'
State Program Resource Assistance Dw-P
Drinking Water Management 0i.-2!
Enforcenent:
Drinking Water Enforcement OW-24
Research and Development:
Drinking Water DW-3'
Hazardous Waste h*-1
Aostement and Control:
waste Manaqement Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies kw-12
Financial Assistance hw-25
Waste Management Strategies Implementation Hw-3!
Technical Assistance. HW-39
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites hw-«
Enforcement:
Hazardous Waste Enforcement HW-iS
Research and Development:
Hazardous waste Non-Energy (RCRA) H*-S£
Pesticides P-l
ADatement and Control:
Registrations and tolerances, C-1!
Standards Setting and RPAR ? -1'
federal anj State Program Support '-2-
Enforcenent:
Pesticides Enforcement. r-29
^esearcf? anc Development:
Pesticides '-31
Radiation fi-1
Aaatement and Control:
Radiation Policy Council $-10
Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines S-i;
Environmental impact Assessment -
progran lap!enentation.,,,.. :-20
3esear;n and Development,..,,.,,.
Nonionizing Radiation, S-2?
Noise... N-1
Joitement and Control:
cnvironmental Noise Strategies and Standards N-T
Noise 3rogram Strategies Implementation s-13
Enforcement:
Noise Enforcement N-21
-------
ra ae
Interdi scicl i nary ;.l
Asaternent and Control:
E'v^omenta: Imoact Statewits 1-7
cner^. Review ana ?emitting ;.U
Researcr- an; Development:
'.ite-ieC'a 5-ocra- i-13
'zi-z 5urst3":°5 *S-1
Asa te~.ent an: Znr.tr3':
"jn'c Substances Strategies "S-ll
Enforcement:
Toxic SuDstances Enforcement TS-25
?esearcn and 'Jevel opnent:
CneT.ca'. Testing ani Assessment TS-30
S--c?y r-1
r.mi'zr. ar.r
' t i-'-'ei-' a :-1!
..cca-its --32
na:araous Pollutants £-39
Gases and 'articles £-49
wjte- "ja • • ty E-61
j-ir<-nc Wate- E-68
i'cust'ia'i nest? water >-71
•'iI2"CDJS «2St? ' PA ' £-"*«!
"o*"c Cne-vca" Testirc anc Assessment c.-~*
lurr. cise' Spills 1-32
"anaQe~erit 3nC Suscort
''.inaoo'nent MS "i
Sosoirt MS-15
S-' Icmcs ar.c ?ac:' -ties
Scienf.'i; Activities Overseas SA3-1
¦J . 2. =e;jiatorv Council *C-1
Construction Grants CG-1
Cc~creletsive cnvircnr.ental °.esoonse
Cc~cer.satign ..aai'itv rone .'Super?una) S'-i
Soec. a: . vses
Tao'.- z* Contents
-------
Summary
SECTION TAB
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
S'JDGtT SUMMARY
Tne 'J. S. Environmental Drotecticr. Agency's 1932 budget proposal totals are
J! ,5?: ,»4",3CC ana !0,3S7 cernanert wor»:years. Tne proposal includes 1 , 1 9i ,44 " ,000 for
t-i~ Acer.c/'s coeratmc p-os-a.^s, aid S2X nil lior and 503 pe-^ianent »orKyears tc inpieTent
the newly enacted Hazardous Suostance Response Trust :und [Super-'una'. '.o re« budget
authority is requested for tne riun icipa! waste treatment facilities construction programs.
Excluding Superfund these totals constitute a decrease of $166 million and 73? permanent
workyears for the 1962 operating procran, and S2.304,327,000 for construction grants,
"he budget also requests supplemental authority of 36 nillipn in '931 for the costs of
the 1981 pay raise.
sign-'leant change in the 193? budget 1s the -eouest for inplenentation of Superfund.
"ie Superfund legislation was passed -r. JecemSe* 1980 to provide a Cleans to contro: ano
jp hazarjous sutstance spilis, to mitigate and corta'n tne "elease cf Hazardous
waste frpi abandoned and inactive disposal sites, and to pursue claims and enforcement
activities against liable parties. A 1981 Dudget supplemental of S6S nil lion is being
"ecuestea for development of the program and initial i;nple^entation activities. The 1982
bucket recuest: additional resources of >132 nil ! ion and 503 permanent rfortyears tc
;LPPort tr.e procrar- i" its first fui' year of operation.
:. ipp-opnation Suma'v
A Sb^mary o' audss: jutho'.ty for ErA's eight appropriation accounts is as 'ollcws:
E?A's Seouest Dv Apo-opri at ion Account
Appropri at ion
1 OD1
3ur"-en» Estinate
1 9S2
Sudaet Estimate
Sa'j-ies i Expenses
-Datec.ent, Confcl S Compliance
Research t, Oeveioonent ....
Scientific Activities Overseas
bu i 1 di nc & rac i 1 i t i es ....
'J.S. Regulatory Council. . . .
Operating 3-pgrans Subtotal
Ecnsfuttior irants
^ara-dcus 3-j?stanc? Response
"rust ~und
Tota.
S 561 ,693. 9CC
EES ,494 ,0u0
250.335.700
-,115,000
2.560.000
1 ,257,£9S,600
2,304,53",000
rr ">^P,
O Zt , yu. . vJv,
3, 730,535 ,t)00
S 5E2.'69.000
4i 3,923.000
190,635,000
A,115,000
1 ,191 .447,000
200,000.000
',391,447,000
*ne fol'.oirrc briefly describes the content of each appropriation and the changes
-eauested within each fro* tne Agency's current 1981 estir.3ies.
i
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Salaries ana Expenses
EPA requests an incease of S21,075,100 'or its Salaries ana Expenses appropriation
wnich 'inances salaries ana related costs associates wit1" admimste-ing the programs
within tne Environmental "rotection Agency. ;t incorporates all costs exclusive of gran:
procra.Tis ana proara.n-speci f ic contractual agree^nents. The increase provides 'unas for
inflationary increases in rent, maintenance ana otner aarinistratively - relates activitie
In 19S2, ma.:or emphasis includes continuation of the aevelop~«nt of e toxics integration
strategy, arc increased resources for enforcement activities across several .r-edia.
Abatement, Control ana Compliance
The Aaatement, Control and Compliance appropriation finances contracts, grants, ana
cooperative agreements for pollution abatement, control and conpliance activities. EPA
requests a decrease of S12<,566,000 in 1982 for this appropriation whicn reflects tie
elimination of Section 206 Areawiae Waste Treatment Planning Grants, Solid waste Grants,
Resource Recovery Grants, and Clean Lanes Grants. Otner decreases are due to reductions
in contracting 'or effluert guidelines, water aual'ty r.anagement, ncse, and radiafiar.
Srogram p"or'ties in:'"joe increase 'or nazaraous waste grants, pesticides ".'A?,
reviews, ana energy review ana penitting.
Research ana '.ieve 1 opnent
The 1932 Duoget decreases tne Research ana Development appropriation d> S5C,2CC,7GC
to £190,635,000. "his decrease primarily occurs because o' a snift tr emphasis away from
water quality ana energy-related researcn and oeveiopmert activities. Mijor prcg-am
emphasis include acid rain and groundwater protection.
Scientific Activities Overseas
The Scientific Activities Overseas appropriation 'inances oayments i' f^r-ij-
cur'encies, which the "reasury Department determines to oe excess to the rc-rial "®3ui re^e*.
of tne 'Jm tec States, for necessary expenses of tne Envi-omental ^rotecfon Agency.
Excess foreign currencies, derived tnrounr sales of surplus aan cul tjra' connoaities ana
other sources, support cooperative environmental ooll-tion rosejrjf, aemorstratior
programs overseas. No new Sudget authority is oe'.ic recuestes for this acfvity '.-SI.
out the program will continue using cjr-yove' 'unas.
3uildings and Facilities
EPA reauests S4,!1E,00C for the 3uildinq and Facilities aporooriation which 'inances
the construction, repair, improvement, extension, alteration, and purchase of 'ixed
equipment of facilities owned, as well as existmc facilities occupied by the Envi-onnenta
Protection Agency, "he funds in 1982 will helo correct health and safety deficiencies -n
EPA laboratories and modi'y several iaas to oemit hi nr. nazaraous sample testing.
'J. S. Reaulatorv Council
Tne Li. S. Regulatory Council appropriation finances tne salaries ana exseises a" *.r,e
U. S. Regulatory Council ana its sta'f. The Council, es:aoiisnea ir Octoce' of '¦ 9"> at
tne direction of tne ^resident, is composed of tne heaas of tnose agencies witun tne
Executive Sranch that have regulatory responsibilities. No new budget autnonty ¦!
requested for this appropriation in 1982, out preparation of the Calendar of Federal
Regulations will be transferrec to the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
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Construct ion Srants
Tne Construction Irants appropriation is for grants to local auoli: agencies for
construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities to assist States and localities
in attaining and maintaining water quality standards.
"ne 1982 bucaet requests no new Budget authority for the municpal wastewater
facilities construction grants prograr.. \c tne 3-?sloent's proposed 'egis'ation chanoes
are enacted, the •w^iTstratior wi'1 recuest SC,»0C,C0C,00C fc the Construction Graht
pre?rjr. in '9S2. "his request,
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SuTt-.a-y of Bucget Authority.
Obligations, Outlays anC Remanent V.orkyears
By Apcrcpr*i at ion
(collars in tnousar.ds)
P.esearct' arc! Development
b.cget -.utncr: ty
Osligat ions
Outl ays
Permanent norkyears
Full-time Equivalency
Abatement, Control and Compliance
SiiCget Ajtncri ty
Ctl -cations
Outlays
Permanent nornyears..
Full-time Equivalency
Ss : aries anc Extense
bucoet Autncr*tv..
sns.
Out 1 ays
-e'-manent »'crl:years...
rull-time Equivalency
..¦il circs anc Facilities
bu2?et Autncr'ty
Cs! ".:etions
-Cnstructlcp Grant
E-cget Aotnor-ty
Obi'Qaticns
Scientific Activi;
b..qcet Author-ty
Si'cat i or-s
u-
derations. Research anc Facilities
ubi igations
Cut 1 ays....
remanent v,o
Fjl'-time
kyears.
ivjlency.
ievoiv i n
—7\
¦ une
OSiigations
Outlays
Remanent Workyears...
Full-tine Equivalency.
rtC t J 31
193C
Budget
Estimate
19 ol
Current
Estimate
1931
-121
236,£38
~ ~ n -> * 0
»¦ ' 1«. • v
S254,9?i
262 ,COO
255,OOC
2250,336
248 ,33c
229,900
5C6 42C
477,6C5
555,232
542,921
406, 74C
532,494
534 .644
494,190
39
7^
' L.
55
524,773
c 9 } 2
4:T!c62
10,572
12,940
5o2.d42
Mm
Jb. , w>. 0
V"1
5ci ,c94
54?,052
!C .547
2 j 7?
\ .667
•.592
4,115
:,20c
1, 5GC
4,115
4,300
2.5 JO
t **u\j wCO
,o7:,:r
,342,010
Z , U »>-/ u 0
i,5c:.ccc
2.9SC.GOO
clbOcioOO
4,120,000
OO
2,053
• ,000
,2~C
2,000
2.5CC
2,700
917
2.39C
20c
2.20c
! ,669
2,200
550
-92
£c0
50
650
50
Estimate
1 SoZ
il90,625
:£c ^03
2:2!OCC
•* '-J Z- » «» \J vl
IV
-------
:tua
1 980
is::"ale
! 9 c!
;st -r-.ate
1981
Enforcement
3TTT57s77
¦•gsL-' ato1-;. OcltcII
Euccet '•'•jtr-r'i ty
Ccl"Jet'¦ CHS
Out leys
"ern^ner.t ..s-tyears
cu". l-tine Eauivalency
'rust runJs
i'ucce: Autnor-,t_v
CS: 'Ci'.'cr.s
Cut!ays
r'eias-jrseff'.gnt;
Ocl - cations.
Dernaper.t V.crnvears
ru" "-t'ne iqi.' vci ency
iciatec wcrMnc ri;nc
I'D" 'i cat :ons
Out1 ays
-azarjcjS Susstaice; Response
' rurt r uPC
Euciae: ---'.nor-ty
'33;1 ens
Out1ays
-eTaneit V,or>.vears
icuHalency
Tcta'. -r.-.Tonertsi ->-;tecticf;
Luc 7.°: Authority
Or', 'nations
Outlays
:'er~ar.ent „';rkyears
r„! 1ir.e Ecu'vaiency
25,411
0 ~ TO
" iiO
1
16
c.
24, 7°"
' 5b
66
252,000
25C ,u00
4 6,000
- ,6cv,-1S £,241,31"
5,035,960 6,1::. 416
5,602,625 5.19",220
10,529 11 ,237
' - ~-M IV .•¦J".
6,812
2,560
20
20
20,000
62,000
6c ,000
I'.OOO
2,"0,52c
4.954,572
5,425,551
10,521
13,120
-------
or buGCe; A„tnor:ty
*'3v*s jnc Acr^vears
Vy vec:a
ars >n tr.sjsjncs)
Actuel
IvtC
lS
I'QPt*
"' na t o
Current
Esthete
isti^jte
19 3 w
ier< *r trousarcs
:.\,c;et A'jtr.cr*t>
_c; Mier.cns
i ays
c'ernanent *zrkye£r$.»
:ui1-tine equivalency
* ? C »•
C.?S?
i '.see
ct3\2
^4 -'
O * 1
bCO
a: ?
Jor,oc*r
1 .7S-:
2, « 2c
' """5
23t ,
?5o
062
3ter 'ue;:ty
-Awtnor'tv
-fT.anent *crkyedr$..
--f.me ecuivalencv
j. ,u^t
3,;iQ
. r i *. pc r.oter
'OT.are^t ».Orr)
:ne ec* • <
-^
?"2
•'ost' z' cec
3.;C^e: -ut^cr'ty....
;!:! *c::;cns
¦jt 'ay?
*:er~anent wor»:years.
:ji l-::ne ecu:; alenc
•- ,9?C
7G?
tw, J J;J
w
1 .C^O
JUC
Nc< 3£
SuCset Author
t V
1 -? ••to
* •? ^ ' z.
i » ,i, •«.
Ct; 'CJVons..
. . . A J . -i ! *1
i 2, -
1 " , v4 5
j . -"'
Out»ays
¦ ¦ ,000
I C. . ~-
' » . Jr. ?
^ST.areit we.
yea^s
... c"
•iC
~>z
r^*l-t*P6 CC'w
»ency
i-::
~ 2
* 3^
4 2
-------
. i.rren:
"!c:e
;ars *r. -.ncjse'-.cs;
Inter^isetr1"nary
s jC0c*t iw't ftcrity
. 1' m: * : : c r i .
26,
"j n ?
?96
!C,69"
1C.621
!C,26c
15.3a-;
1- .3^3
~.u: • jys..
? ¦*
rr~
::
-) /N /•
2'
2C,r'::
r . i1 - - 1ne
eai^ valency
13"
w;
• *» -
Subs*
jices
E'wi-'et /*•-
82
lie
i nc.
-(?2
'. r,m.
oc?
r £,;~ 2
°C
t: -
t 2-i
f?'
10-
0*^3
9 * ,5:?
. • *4..,
-c.
162
9C
'.•> n
c.c
63,522
-¦ e r".j r e n t
*orKye3-s
592
:::
• j *t' - C * *ne
•••••••
:c:
:w-i
BSC
¦:*3
"nprrv
:*er i t v
100
f ! 8
no
99-
104
c 39
72.1*c
,,N. ' Hr<.
103
*10
< j-
' 4
C "C
:rJ. '-It
ays..
*. i.
Z2C
t - 22
*0rky63ri..,......
• —
*
' -:
- -J 1 ' _ * * no
e:1 vc". ency
? ~ ~
2*tc
2-5
¦:«
vanc ncncr.t
3nC Sucrort
5 uc ".u
" *y
195
252
O 1 Q
-C2
2 \ 2
1 1H
232 ,5Tc
: , r ,. ,
3r"
7" C
<•
"¦ i -
nc
~.
', •'**
• ;
7
t'" ^ ,
-p-*—,/• rrr.t
*cr.year?
:
ic;
-CC
" :
~
-~r
- L • t 'nt
t?C J1 V £ ¦ er.cy
3
_
r - j
22c
- . " r
-\^*hcr
11
¦';C
""8C
.cr
-------
Actual
I ?cC
*>ust ;urg;
fucget Autnon ty....... 16
Cbl • gallons *
Outlays "
-_fs i r s g-.pr,t S
j? • • gat ions
-eminent "O-Kvea'S
eaui val ency 6c
Regulatory Council
Euoget Authority 2,538
Obligations 2,449
Outlays ''.SSQ
'errr.cner.t nCKyears 3
r j- l-t i~e ecuivalency 22
Ccrssl' Cdteo Working Fund
,'Ut : ays. ..
•-¦jjarcc-js Substance Response
T^'jst 'fJ'.u: i ays
"e'-.c"-ert ncrKyears
-u" i-t;re Equivalency
-"'ayr.ent tc '-azarccus
S'jsstJice Resconse
vfc' icjf.crs
1; »ys ...
"ctal. £nv;'~or,-e"tal D*~ctg;f>on
E.-Jcet Authority A,66~,A15
,:>i • cat • crs £ ,C25,9SO
Oi.t'ays 5,602,o2t
Pe^rr.inent Work-years i." ,E29
Full-tine eauivalency 12,073
Budget*
Current
Estma: e
Estimate
Esf-at?
191
1981
1932
.cellars
m thousands)
25
20
25
2C
20
30.0CQ
3C,:nc
1 *>
t *>
-vl
¦ t_
w w
w.
11
71
68
2,338
2,560
2,338
2,560
. . .
2,330
l 1
2.1 10
1,020
! <
25
i 1
26
...
17
...
25C.0QC
£5,000
:00.030
4. */¦<-• ,
co,000
zzc ,zy
fC r-r.r.
•l » ! \J\jU
17,300
8i,:ce
...
...
5 s-
9,000
2z ,CCC
...
5.0CO
2z,:ol
~ ^ * 7
3, "3? ,52c
1,41? .44 "
fcj2"*416
Z * 5 2 K , z i f
5,19",22C
i.A'.-.t;!
i.252,ZT2
11 .227
10,521
12, £30
i2,120
¦2,360
•vanuary 1?~D President's auaget as aC;ustec sy tnt Office of Researcn anc jevelcmen
•"est^uCtur": nc.
-------
Surma ry of Increases or Decreases
Budget Authority an<5 Permanent »or«. years
^dollars in thousands J
Current
Estimate Estimate litrease -
l?.cl 1982 Decrease -
Research ans Development
Sua get Autnonty $250,336 S19C.535 -SS0,201
Asatenert. Control ane Compliance
fcuc^e*. iutnor-ty .. 536,494 412,925 -124,565
:'e—:anent rforiryears
:u" i-'.iae Earn valency '2 ... -72
Sa'a-'es and Expenses
suiae t ALnonty ... 551 ,63-: 532,765 -21,175
Permanent worn year* 10,547 S.825 -722
?U: !-ti«e Equivalency 12,960 12,208 -'52
Sn laincs and Facilities
Sufi Jit AutlO'-lty. 4,115 4,115
Scietti'ie Activities Overseas
ayrje: Ajtnor;;y
K&ir.surse^ents
••e^.dr-",*. ,or
-------
.iSi.iastior o' Contract AutncUy
'in tftOUSiies Of J;'"srs;
I960 1981 1982
Construction Grants $1,500,000 $1 ,700,000 SI .000,000
-------
¦
Air
SECTION TAB
-------
Buooet
Current
increase -
Estimate
Estimai
e Estate
Decrease -
1 con
, vu
1961 •
195 ¦
19S2
Vrz2 vs. 1?«1
'dcl'i arc
thousands}
*r"r2:r*<»?'!rn
anc expenses
379,036
S78,022
579,c96
SS3,59i
*>4. *S 5
-<>s e a r C ^ and
Peveioymer:
•SC.496
45,557
41 .199
35. *45
-b.654
itia'.eirient, Control and
ComD1iance
170,527
128.547
126.528
119,96?
-6,541
29C..059
252,126
24t ,523
229 f123
-7.40C
r* t» *-~i£ n<» «~ *• >• v o -* ** S . •.
1 ,90c
1 3
l , 7PC
t ,7*6
- ?2
' w! '-tnc Ecuivalccv
2.212
? ~ 1 c.
:'.13:
-> nr. 2
- "4
<• . ^ , r
"• r >• •» * °
¦?i i z ^r\
i;; Ti •
— — " ** ^
- ¦
— " '
'^inc-'Zi'icr. _eve;s
337 ,2t2
2", 1£7
: 7 C,) i 7
*
*
'."Or-ritl
or ;senc'i
?•
V -J * ** " ** . O " i Cr -
"¦» c;-r.:c \or-irergy:
and Loesses.....
i,:5C
o ,iC:
i .641
w. j 2
*91
'-•.fif:,j^c*" sn2 ^evelome^t..
1 7 7 *
•.2.6"*
1C.9-.7
;2.34 ;
.354
-a:ar*ous i vJ* 3^-- *
; j . ^r- «js inc loerses
4,2it
;,du
1 >122
z.cHZ
- 76 T
*tSc,jT"cr cnr! love . c..
d ,oC2
7.7*5
i ,-3:
4 ,J^4
- . .: -c
Mc^:'e Sources Non-Energy:
anc Lxrenser,
4.' 39
4, 4^4
4 .421
3,3 C E
- 7 \t
V-soarcr. ard Oeve i accent..
-. '• 09
4,' 54
4 ,-0c
2, 44c
- ¦ .5r-0
3-ses
-------
4i - Cjality ai2 StJt'ona-y
Source 'Tanning
and Stanaaras:
Salaries and Expenses..
Abatement, Control
anc Compliance
MoD'le Source Standards and
Sjiceli nes:
Sslanes and Exoenses...
Aaatenent, Control
and Compl Unce
y.i'.i 5roQrans Sesoarce
Assistance:
Salaries an; Expenses...
i&atetnent, Control
and Compliance
•*•' r l-jality Strategies
Inp!e^sntation:
Sa'.i^es anc Exoenses...
Acite'wnt. Control
ani Comollance
Motnie Source 'reproduction
"onoiiante Veri
cation:
Sa'arics 3id Expeises..
Asatenent, Control
and Compliance
Trends Horn tonne ano
progress Assessment:
Sata'i»s anc Expenses.,
Atatenent, Control
anc Co"scl;ance
Tots', Abatement and
Control 'rocras:
Salaries and Exoenses.,
Aoatewent, Control
and Conoliance
Budget Current Increase -
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1930 1981* 1981 1982 19S2 vs 1931 ?aae
{ool Urs ir thousands;
9,263 8,698 9,?24 9,818 -94
28,009 20,218 19,332 15,362 -3,970
7.22S 6,320 7,143 7,263 -120
4,180 4,578 4,57? 2,775 -1,802
409 419 239 382 -93
123,370 88,334 88,741 83.396 -345
9.644 8,655 9,388 5,134 -204
197 221 259
,147
?e?
211
5,662
922
3,414 3,577
222 584
1,158 3.833 3,912 4,530
610
;7S
503
-2)6
-163
-362
-613
-?R
33,849 32,137 33.870 34,754 *384
156,354 114,883 11 3,709 107.66C -6.046
A-46
"otal.
190,233 147,020 147,579 -42,417
-5,162
-------
Budget
Current
Increase -
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Decrease -
1930
1991*
198'
19S2
1952 vs. '961
^age
ooliars in tnojsancs)
Stationary Source Enforcement:
Salaries anc Expenses
SI 3,263
SI 3 ,~36
514,029
SI 6.101
-32.072
A-55
Abatement, Control
and Compliance....,,.,.,
11,356
10,69?
10,00?
9,84!
-168
M.ODile Source Enforcement:
Salaries and Expenses
4,038
3,883
4,599
3,£54
-745
^ ^ c
isatenent, Control
ans Compliance
2,81"
2,967
2,310
2,433
-327
Tota!, Enforcement Program:
Salaries ar.s Ex.senses
17,301
17,619
18,623
19.955
~:,32?
Aaater.ent, Control
ani Compliance
14,173
12,56a
!2.ai?
'2,324
-495
~otal
V. ,4?4
31 .283
31 .44:
32,279
•332
'Oi-tanent -osifors
.m\ .lants '•Oft-Ener*n ..
86
96
7 c
"4
.4
*-z2
-laza-ious 3ol'.jtants "on-
snerc>
j ;
9 *
?3
.4
"¦"coile jources 'ion-Energy
6 *
59
"*""
25
~-d9
Sases ani ^articles
'ion-Ener-jy
212
2" 5
: 7 '
180
*8
A-sr
"ota'i, ^esearcn anc Develooraent
-raqran
44"
452
384
332
-2
Air duality ana Stationary
Source 'laming
and Standards
2*2
244
242
236
-6
A-i-
Mooi'e Source Stancaras
anc 3'j-de'nnes.
160
1 *5
136
118
- 9
A-2*
State 'roorans Resource
Ass;stance
"
6
6
6
«..
A- 20
Air 3-ja!i-.y Management
'.noiefwntatton.
318
"98
276
275
A- ? 6
MoO;'e Source Certification
anc Testing:
69
84
60
-It
A-.il
Trends ^onitormc and
Progress Assessment.,,.
1U
116
"15
116
-1
A-46
"otai. Abatement and Control
Program
910
390
850
sr.
~2?
-------
ouogot
Current
increase *¦
Actual
Est;-at
e Est mate
Est mate
Decrease -
1980
1931»
1931
1932
1982 vs. 198;
Paae
'dollars in
thousands!
Stationary Source Enforcement,,,
444
471
437
473
*36
A-53
"Of1e Source
tnf orcein*
115
118
117
100
-17
A-59
Total, Enforcement
Program
559
599
554
573
~ 19
~ull-t'.n» Ecu'v3lency
Ox". donts "933 'resident's Bucoet as adjusted by tne Office of Res earth and Oeveloonent
restructuring;.
-------
*r>e Cleaf Air Act authorizes J .nafcra' program. of air pollution resea-cr.. regulation,
and enforcement activities. Under tne Act, primary responsibi 5 ity for the prevention anc
control of air pollution at its source rests with State ant; local government, with a
strong nancate that the Environmental Protection Agency ;EPA) take action wnere Stales
re not ful f-.li their resoonsicil if.es. SSA' > role s:c
cpntrpl regulations a^e under develcp«" acros: tne Nation
r,any area: have net attained all the standards. Tr.e Clean Air ,'ct, as anenoe; >r. 15",
recoon zes this prosier and set; forth a comprehensive proorax. for achievmc the stancarcs
•'c Sv;cr ji-ojs, ;r -enero', the ."-ct 'ecuires that the stancarcs be attained ry the e"d :*
calendar year 19S2. -cwever, -r -ecpgritior c' the jrusual proElem:, some rsi* have ir
attaining tne standards for ozone anc caroor mcncxice, attainment of these itjncar-s is tc
oe as expeditious as possible, but ir. nc case later than 153'.
"nc ¦•r.er.zy' s highest air prcgrair. priority in 1982 will continue tc oe the cpnsc'! i cat' n
tn-cugr State implementation 3lans o* a fir- regulatory pase for air pollution control.
Extensions tne ampient air duality stjnoarC atta i n,~er,t dates fo*" PZPne c carper -.cno -o
ceycrc 1932 were grantee to 25 States. For all 29 the law recuires Supmittal cf a SIr ;r
IPSE wric" will se^onstrate attainment of standards. riscal years '531 anc 1982 wi'l see
mtersifiec efforts by State-'local con-.ro' agencies with assistance from EPA to accct
adcticna'' measures for control of nvdrocaroon emissions fror, both stationary anc moo'le
sources anc to accelerate their implementation.
The 'r' anenoient 5 tc the Clear Air recuirpd E3* tc 'even and revse.
necessary, asbict ai- ouality standards. - rcn sec ozone standard was ororu'^atee :r.
19~? anc rev' siofis to the CC standard were prppesed in 19ES. ' revised standard fo*-
NC?, .nay se published in 1981. 'f promulgated in 1932. this would potentially rt-r.e
new S.'y submission requirements for several States, if the standjrc is significantly
changec. Revised standards for sulfur dioxide and particulate matter are expected to be
proposed in 1952.
-------
Although activities to complete new source performance stanoards (NS°S; have accele-
rated , several proposals nave been delayec by trie reed -r 19£" tc reproqram resources tc
produce control techn-aues guidance coc^nent; for additional sources o~ vc.af.e organic
compounds IVOC) tc be controHec by trie States' VGu regulations in their '9i£ orone SI^
submittals. Consequent 1 y , the program to prcauce NS?S for al! major stationary source
categories will extent.' through fiscal year i9S2.
Ccnsicerable effort hcs seer, expended m 'iscal year 192C m revising tne prevention
c" significant deterioration ;BSC regulations *or Set ~S:, GO?! pollutants tc r.rmc
tne" inpe conformity with cou't interpretations of tne ccmple> "SC provisions o' tne
Clean ?,i r Act. Work on Set I! pollutants (CO. nvorocarpons/czone. NO? and lead; nas
been delayed and fmai rules are not expected Defore fiscal year 19oZ.
!n 1921 EBA proposed regulations to protect visibility values in the nations National
par»: and wilderness Systems. worr. tc refine modeling and monitoring tecnmaues wnich
car. ne -outmely appli?c 'o"~ regulatory purposes w< 1 i also continue into f'scal year '.9S2.
increased naticnal and international conce-r it bemg expressed about tne prco: ems
associated with acid deposition (acid rain). Sensitive taxes and ecologicai systems in
tne nortnoast U.S.A. and Canada have been adversely affected. The problem in ether areas
of the country is just now beinc assessed. it is unclear what -emedial act'cn needs to
be ta»en. The 1932 proposed program, oasec on current authorities, center-plates a signi-
ficant ncritorir.c e'fart an: the evaluation cf var-cus regulatory and en'orce~.ent alte'-
r.atives directed at the limitation of SGX and N0X emissions.
Since air is being increasingly implicated as a patnway in the exposure of large
population groups to toxic or hazardous pollutants, E3A is intensifying its programs
dT-ectec at this rrcclem. Additionally, States are being encouraged tc address toxic
••elatec problems through 'ield assessments arc app'opr-ate State^'local regulaticr develop-
ment. "he cnaracteripation c* presently jn»-tg„iatec pollutants frc~ mcdle sources is
••;r.evnse Seme eripnas i ;ed tc asses.' tne toxic peter,tia; of new fuel sources ano auto
r.custrv technology development.
All of tne Nation's program; directed at reducing national dependency on imported
ci". envs-on increased use of coal resources e'tner ir, direct energy production or as a
r aw " at er -1, in proauc'ng comestica i ly available ?as or oil. 'jiven a ccntmj'.nc commit-
ment to the env ronmert i '• sound ut 111 cat ior cf coal as ah ci' substitute 't is essentia'
that 1?A" s -evew oJ various cod ccnversior proposals be scnauctec ir j marrf that • %
expedi 11 cjs and tncrougn. 'r-e 1962 planned program provides resources toward tr.i s en c
as «el' as to assure that State.'local inplesient at ior of regulatory r eforr. measures such
as the "buosie" anc oank-ng are consistent with tne basic environmental protection oca's
of the Agency.
- jrtr.er federal ¦•egulation of em-ssions '"cm motor venicles w 11 concent-2te or
neavy duty vehicles, wnere the aegree of contrp' nas net yet attained that '•eacned wtr.
ligr.t duty vehicles, ana all types of ciesei powered vehicles. The program will continue
tc implement improvements in the motor vehicle certification process wnich are directec
at recucinc paterwori. anc reporting and testing burdens on the a'fecteo manufacturers.
A' so m "urtnerance c' ener3> conservation goals and tc oroviae ar. improvec public
service, increased attention wi' 1 oe e ven tc imp**ovinc tne ab'litv cf fue^ econcmv test
•nfcrmaticn tc more accurately predict actual in use mileage.
Many of tne mjjor activities highlighted m the preceding discussion c' the tnrjst
of tne 19S2 program requires field wor* on the part of both the States anc EDA Regional
Offices. The SI0 revision and implementation process, tne beginning cf analyses necessary
m anticipation of new ambient am quality standards, the carrying out of mandates related
tc acid rain, toxics cor.trcl, energy, rogu'. atcy Tforr, and the continuing celegation c-f
new source -eview functions all impose significant worOcac requirements upon octh States
anc regions.
A-6
-------
I'h through Fede-al enforcement wli contnue tc augment State exforts to attan or
siaintam NAACS. Federal action wi1! t>« taKer where States fail or cannot act or reouest
assistance. xhe'f States have not accepted the delegation of new source 'eview. Regional
Offices will continue to verify compliance and take reoured erfcrcement actions.
The stationary source enforcement program wi1! focus or vigorously tracking consent
dec-ees o*' major sources wn-ch have never achieved n'tia'. ccmr 1ance, initiating c"v"
c'-.mal actions against recalcicran*. sources, anc further i.m: 1 ementat i or the ncnp.v-
'.ance penalty program establ isnec Sy Section )2'. of the Clean Set, will -emcve
t"e economic incemve of continued noncompl lance. tT.pr.esis will be g'ven to assisting
Slates in maintaining strong program; to ensure compliance Dy major sources, ana
encouraging delegation of responsibi1ity for the nonconpl1ance penalty program to as many
States as possible. Tne program will also *'ocu3 on maintaining continuous compliance of
sources tnat have net SI? requirements; expanding enforcement responsibilities 'n tne
new source and national emissions standards for nezaracus air pollutants programs; and
negotiating compliance methods anc scnedule; *o~ coal conversion and ct.ner encgy related
sources.
> 1982, tne :CA Mobile Source Enforcement Program will continue to assure come; ance
with notor vehicle emission standards anc fuels regulations. Tne Selective Enforcement
Audit : SEA) program -s continued to deter the production of nor.- conform nc ligr.t duty
vehicles and tne recall program will continue tc assure compliance of ir-usc -ericles with
emiss'or. standaros. An aggressive enforcement prograr. will Ce continued tc ri-p„ce ""•.e1
switcnnc an,; tampering in oroe** tc -educe n-s.se emission 'rem -ocile sourcss ir jreas
w' are targeted inspection, r.d mtenance. - urtne'-mc-e, a speca' ef*ct tc r-c."ca
Sup?""-", tc State'lccal anti-tar-uernc and anti-fuel switching enforcement :rp^ramc »i"1
ce -ritiatec via air program grants.
Research will continue to stress the development of internal-or. useful ir. success-
ful ly implementing new SIP's or m estaDl isnmg r°vnec Sis's. Due attention will ce
paid cc ceve'opmg effects information for turner updates of criteria documents.
Assessments of sources of arc controls for volatile organc compound »r.i:;-;rs
crfnte as major priorities o*' the oxidant -esearc „rpcra" as are the ceveiopner.t a-.u
<-u---(.-ent cf a-r duality models cn totn jr;ar. arc -ec'ona; scales, fcr oxioarts a"c
fen precursors, "htse new or improvec tools shoulc a'c the attainment c* star-ia-ds
"re ,0S2 - 19fc7 tnefrane. «itfi the objective o* orovomg data *z~ future crits-ia
soc.ment uocates, research in tne healtr. area w'll focus on tne e'fects of exposures tc
prone and nitrogen dicxioe. 'n tne gases anc particles area research empr.as'. s continues
tr ae placed on development and refinement of a nealth effects data base --elyinc r.cst
heavily cr himan clinical studies, modeling the transport and transfc-mat ior -attems
c* 'me "articulate matte'", anc determination of concentrations anc sipes c' particles
•r amp; c-nt air.
"re nerarcous air polljtant research program, ir large measure will continue support
tc i mrl ernent at • or c' Section 112 of tne Clean A- r ict anc £?A' s airscme carcir.uoer
roi icy. In doing sc. it atterpts tc provide the sest data for cetermnng nman necln
r'l.'s pf exposure tc certain cnenical ¦ 'cone n a.npient air, sources :f these cnen-ca':.,
and reasibil ity and costs of reducing 'iinian exccsure to those cnemicols. "he ;rr,cr»r.
wi 1 ¦ 3i 3C atterr.pt tc develop new and improved teenmoues for generatnc trp t data,
el pec a' iy in the area? r;** oioassoy metheds, monitoring and measurement. *"-s :"~ograr.
will aisc complement an igency-wioe toxics strategy.
"ne moci'.e source research program will cnange ir enphasis away •'ram animal nhalc-
tion of d'ese1 exnaust and towards assessment of actual human exposures tc n;?ile source
pollutants.
-------
Ariose ;f r.esearch anc Ceveicement ^rogran
The air research anc development pngran ts designee to ¦furnish EPA with the Know-
ledge tc estati ish prucent environmental controls, stancaras anc regulations sasec ncr.
known or potentially acverse health and ecological effects; to define, develop, anc
aenonstrate systens for controlling stationary source pollution; and tc evaluate strate-
gies for minimizing the emission of pollutants, "o achieve these enos, the prof as 's
structured to identify anc, to the extent cossicle, quantify tne adverse numan health
effects of exposure tc air pollutants, to quantify tne effects anc fate of air pollutants
on fciolocica5 systems anc processes witmn the environment; to aeveloc predictive moaeis
for col i ut ant emission, transport, transformation, anc removal, and verify these moaeis
by actual measurements, anc to develoc new and improved technology for preventing ana
controlling afr pollution and demostrate the cost effectiveness of such technologies.
The air research and development program also provides analytical measurement methods
for monitoring air pollutants; procedures anc materials to assure tne Quality of monitor-
ing data; technical expertise, and specialized facilities and equipment to the regulatory
jna enforcement program?.
Purpose of Aoatement, Central anc Coacliance Program
Abatement, Control anc Compliance encompasses the development and implementation o'
a'r rollut'or control strategies and programs. Specific activities include regu!ations
deve; cpaent, tecr..v.ca1 and policy guicar.ce, financial support to State and local programs
ano cirect "ecerjl action when States fail tc fulfill their Clean Air Act responsibilities.
"he intent ef tne Act is that States assume responsiolitv for most aspects of air poiiu-
tic control, anc that EPA orovice guicance and assistance. Ttvs total environmental
e*fc-rt is cor.ceivec as a working partnership witr- State ana local governments tc scrieve
national env"-omental goals.
"he primary goal of the air program is the implementation of National AnDiert Air
"uality Stanc3rds {N*AACJS) attainment and maintenance strategies. The first p'iori'.v for
States and 2-A in 1981 ana 1962 is the completion of strategy development actions lea-dine
to the aCoDtior. by ;n« States and revisions tc- tne State Implementation °lars •"SI= s' ~cr
areas not presently attaining anbient air quality standards. Included are expeditious
follow-uc on conditionally approved SIPs ana timely action on schesules for insrectior
arc maintenance anc transportation control measures (TCMJ; aooption of new 'egula-
t-ens covering volatile organic enemies!s 'VCC); additional review of non-tracitiona'
sources o' sust-enoea particulate natter; ana aevelspnent of improved data bases tc •'ac'-
itate the 3uomiss;cs . tnat new stationary a"r sc-'-ces
are const ""'jc tea in acccrcarce with SSR, NS3S, anc ?SC provisions; that stationary ai'-
soyrces suc.-ect tc NE3-A»s fleet r.a;araots air pollutant stancaras, and tnat all a"p; ; icat'.e
provisions of the r>o«er 3;ant anc industrial Fuel Vse Act of 'S'S are iiiplementec. The
program is alsc cesigned tc ensure that moDile sources subject to feaeral emission regu-
lations neet such regulations as oroaucec and while in use for their warranty penes.
Included also is prevention of illegal tampering with engines or control devices anc
improper use of leaded fuels.
-------
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousanas of dollars)
198! Air Program
5246,523
Salaries ana Exoenses
~4,789
The net aec-ease of 22 permanent wcrkyears
primarily affects 43 additional oermanent
workyears to mainly support stationary-
source enforcement anc gases and oarticles;
offset by relatively large decreases in
nobile source enforcement; mobile source
preproduction, and mobile source standards.
Research and Development -5,646
Tnis decrease primarily is reflected >n gases
ana parotides along wi thsubstantial decreases
in hazaroous pollutants and nobile sources non-
energy. Also, this decrease reflects the phasing
down of inhalation studies of the ejects of
diesel particles; the technical program's reduced
ability to prepare and disseminate tecnnical
information and the transfer of funds to emissions
testing, analysis and data support.
Abatement, Control and Compliance -6,543
This decrease in extramural support primarily
reflects a reduction ir. full-time equivalency;
along witn reductions in mobile standards and
guidelines and emissions standards and testing.
An appropriatior of S239,123,200 is requested for 1932. This reauest
'982 Air 3roaram
235,123
3'JWAP.Y or BUDGET ESTIMATE
. Summary o? 3udoet Reauest
5y appropriation account, is as follows:
Salaries anc Expenses
Research and Development
Abatement, Control and Compliance
S83.536.900
35,549,000
119,586,300
Chanaes from Oriainal 19S1 5udaet Estimate
'in thousands of dollars'!
Original 1981 estimate
252,125
Congressional "lecreases:
General --eduction to Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Consultant services
-998
-403
A-9
-------
SF.S Donjses -1C2
AD? services -220
Trave' -1 34
jeneral reduction to research and Development.... -2,653
presidential reduction cf $7 million -348
Love Canal ant; *hree Mile Islar.c -34
SeD-oqrj.-nnino 'or salary and related costs -118
Misee'1areou5 -eproara-vnincs -1 ,793
Proposed Day raise supplemental ¦»! .000
".arch cnanqes to Budaet:
Travel -292
Consultina Services -50
Moratorium on "rocurement
of Eouipnent -AO
Equiptnent Costs -1,543
Other Contractual Services -312
Ore percent '.rans'er
Increase to 'und 3C&c *:,785
Mi sscel laneous ^eorograTmngs *272
Cur-em '931 estimate ?46,523
Tne Conoress reduced Agency travel costs oy 5850,000, of wnicn $134,003 is applicanie
to tie air media. ADP services were reduced ay S2 .nil'ion, resulting 1n a $220,000
decrease. General reductions to tne Abatement, Control and Compliance (S 7.5 ni 11 ion; and
tie Research and Oevelocner.t '$12,214,000) appropriations resulted in decreases of
$998,000 and $3,653,000 respectively. A reduction in consultant services ($3.& million)
was narie . of woich S433,000 affected this nedia. Senior Executive Service (SES1 Bonuses
were reduced by S750.000 resulting ir a $102,000 decrease.
Shortly afte' the budget estimate was suanitted, °resident Carter transmitted budget
revisions .'House Docjr>er: 95-294-: this revision decrease' ST million •'ran the Salaries
ano Expenses approoriaticr,, of wnicn S34E.OOO was appliec to this -nedia.
A transfer o* $84,000 was -aoe tc the solid waste and radiation nedla in order to
support efforts or Love Cana: and Tnree Vile Island.
Seprograirvnings of $118,000 were applied to provide fa- salary and related costs.
A supplemental apDropriation is orooosed to fund the costs of tie OctoDer 1930 say raise,
o' wnicn $1,000,000 is applied to the air tnedia. Miscellaneous reproqrammnqs to this
¦nedia resulted in a net decrease of $1,793,000.
In accordance with CMS Bulletins, the Marcn 1931 changes are as follows: travel
'$291,900';; cor.sultinc services C-S5C,i00i ; and, roratoruiT 3r procurement of eauiPTCnt
•-535.930).
: one percent t-ansfer authority decreases this -ied-a ay $570,100.
interna', agency r^orogramings to fund 3CSB deficits are as follows: equipnft
costs • -SI ,543,000;; contractual services .-$312,100':; aoencywae increases
;*$3,734 ,600); and miscellaneous reprogramninqs ($272,400;.
A- 1C
-------
-r-cr year cd11cat:ens
:.f feet c" ccnoressicna' oanoes.. •.
^cccsec ray raise suoolemental....
Change m amount of carryove"" funds
avai1aole
Program changes
Ef'ect of recroaranmngs
Change 1 r, rate of ooligations
"eta' estimated icligafcrs
r'z~ 19*. ;t• citcr. a.then t> ....
'¦rz- trior year fur.es)
C urrer.t
£ c • ¦ n a t e
-.clsj-::
OCG
392
536
34 3
^s * --2te
S^.:3
• I . • S;
- 7 ,40C
lc . ¦ c
ex^avicn cr increase: anc decpease; to 3bi.;jA~:cnc
The cono'-essiona! chances aiscussec ir tn« previous section j-e eit.»::ec to res..-It
in decrease- of St,:lC,X0 tc ocl •.cations. The ^ronosec .'ay rj>se sue: 'lenient a' *.:.
cartia'ly fyna tne Jciooer '920 pa/ raise will increase jd'. vjatiors s> S.,C!0l,vvC. 'is
effect of lecocranmincs includes the ^rjsiOer-tia'. S" million reduction result ir a
decrease of Sr,2i:9,CCC.
^rjorri cr,jr.net «r 'Jil anc result *r a jecrease o*' >' i ,*:Ci.CrC sr.c i~,-GC,CX
-< srectively tc cisl inations. The jncunt -y car-yov-jr fyncs tc :-e c:;' 'gatec ir ?-J -s
::.JC".?9C. z decreise o' S3",392.-0' cver tie "'EC level; ir '911 't ".:tec t~at
Z* ,C0£ cf car-ycver "'jres «i! 1 r.e os'icjtec, an increase 3' 51 .CCC r •••.••? tie *9 il
' eve"..
- cnanae t'>e "-ate of ocl 1 ratios is electee *n I9H1. wr.'C" »•:create ar. ircrea
cf £9.'. 9 £.000; 'r '°£2 a decrease 0*' S 2 , -i 4, 1' 0 C 1: excectec.
-------
Rrocrj-. Levu'
\ifrse'' r* co'lutants
2* ' ^^-CUS
;-o:Vjun:< sionaards
Vjr.oer z' auto-nce: le
tic:ne ' rnhes awarded
cert ¦,' \ cater- 'or con-
formity witr enission
standards
¦;>n£)er of source
c itecones covered Dy
source DertorT,ance
;.t arc jrds
'¦'jncer ~f e^'SS'or. tests
Cijr'-iec out *0r -otor
tr.'.r'ies certi¦icatior
„ ur:;ssei
V./'^er ct" *u?l eccronv
-.est; carries; o.t
;-e-t:*'i'C 2'iss •'¦ source
¦•ise'SK ' • ne testiic
•a O^de*" S .
Ir-.r.'r.ec fuel S>'•aror-
'-frCC.ve'-.. irs^tfCticns
-•(.-ci-.: nvest'cat ¦ ors
Nunser r.t c;vi i 'cisnr.a'
actiort i r • 11 a t ec 5> 2 3 ..
'.uncer nf acnin*sfs:• ve
ccers mit'.atec 2y
'•-."^^yrs 0* co^cliiince
-.:r i'l'iic 'isrections
conducted 2y £?t
'.oncosirl '.ance renalty
cetertii nations
Vmoer of continuous
enssi^n; related
er.T'orcewjnt actions
NunDer ¦}' sources tna: nave
regular continuous
emissions c,entering data
vai ldafons
sctjal Estmate -.sti'sate csf.-.ate Jecrease
1930 193! 19£1 '•9i2 !982 vs.
(collars m tnousancs;
260 25C 250 250
l.":5 ',200 ".350 1.300 -550
2c. 000 29,000 2£,000 29.COO *1.C0C
11 32 i- 2c -7
22 ,22" 2-.3D: 2i.l-)C 25,000
5' 4'. 26
12; 2i c ie3 isc -1/
155 ?^0 70» 207 -3
2,650 2.3CC 2,;2C 2.200 -160
60 tC cC
10 -10
5CC 500 SCO 1.000 -50C
A- 1 9
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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AIP.
A1r Quality and Stationary Source banning an
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sudcet neauest
The Agency recuests a total of S25,179,400 and 236 permanent workvears for 1982, i
decrease of S3,87",400 and o permanent wortcyears from 1981. Included in this total is
S9,817,400 for Salaries and Expenses and S15.362.000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance,
with an increase o* S92.300 and a decrease of S3,970,700 respectively. P.eprog"a:im ng to fund
increased payroll costs and reduced reaulatory development activity accounts 'or the decrease
ir abatement, control and compliance.
3rocraT Descrictipn
This subactivity includes the settmq of emission standards for stationary sources,
which involves pollution control technology and cost assessments and other industry analyses
which suoport the standard setting function. Also Included are the review and revision, if
necessary, of anbient air Quality standards; pollutant assessments; the development of pol-
lutant control strategies, analytical tools and guidelines; the translation of control
strategies into regjlatpry icticns; 2nd fie assessment o* the energy ire! icafpns
regulatory actions.
Emissions Standards and Technology Assessments -- National emission standards fo<-
stationary sources are set under Section 111 and 1"2 of the Clean Air Act. Section l'l
mandates the Environmental Protection Acency to establish New Source °er*ormancc Standards.
Section 112 authorizes National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
New Source 'erfcmance Standards fMS3S! reflect the performance of the best demonstrated
systems of emission "-eduction, considering cost and energy impact for specific processes or
facilities in a source category. The analysis supporting the -tSPS considers tecnmcal *eas--
bility; cost; and econonic, energy and environmental impacts. Tne NSPS setting process ¦•esu'ts
in coviding useful data to State aaenc'es ;r. -e-'ir.-nc best avs'lab'e cont-a' technology,
lowest achievable emissior rates, and reasonably available control technology.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) nave been set for
asbestos, beryllium, mercury, and vinyl chloride. Benzene and arsenic have been listed as
hazardous air pollutants and several NESHAP proposals are under -eview.
Energy and ?ollutant Strategies Oevelcement -- The major activities of th's orooran
element are: -teview anc -evisior as appropriate of all exisfnc National Vib'ent Ai-
Dual ity Standards as
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EMISSION STANDARDS AND T£CHN3L0-3V ASSiSSVEST
1930 ".cccr.rl i shnents
The 1980 resources included 324,855,400 in contract, suppcrt. These contract, resources
were used to continue work related to setting standards for the synthetic organic chemical
nanufacturmc industry and other studies reouired for sett'ng NS?S and NESHA^s. A total 3'
SI,9CC.COO was transferred to E=A'S Of'ice of Research and Development for supcort m stanca'cs
sett'i,-. or* continued on setting De^Dnance 3tania-is for a11 i'sted source catecc'ec..
V. NS°S was prcwulgated 'or the hyd'ocaroon sto-age tank "-rs'oi. NS^S proposals we*"o
pupl-sned for organic solvent decreasing, auto sur'ace coat'.ng, sulfate, and "ead
battery manufacturing. Three reviews of existing standards were completed. A nine-vol ui*>
technical report on the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing -ndustry (SOCMI) was drafted
in 1980, Including 39 product reports covering 30 percent of SOCMI crocess emissions. Control
techniques documents for sulfur oxides, particulate flatter, and test available retrofit
technology 'BART) were drafted in in 1980.
A NESHA? was oroposea for one o1' four benzene Categories: .naleic anhydride. Work ..a;
;n progress or 1C NESHAp categories.
1981 Droaram
In "921, the Agency allocated a total zf $19,965,230 arc 106 per-ianent years to tfc,s
proc'ar,, of whicn 53,891,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and S16,3'4,303 is 'or extranyal
purposes under the Abatement, Control and Coiipl'ance Approoriat ion. Tnese contract -esources
are being used 'or engineering studies and other analyses needed to set NSDS. ">£5HA°, am tc
issue information on reasonably available control technology for review of State mpl enienta-
tior plans 'SIP). Effort has been reouced on completion of the SSPS schedule luanaated by the
Clean '.t' Act in 0roe" to car.olete approximately 10 control technique guidelines for use "
developing tne revised 1963 oxicant 3I:s. Twenty-one N'S?S .'rejects nil" be ;roposed ana si>
w'' 1 oe r'onulgated : n 19 2"! . The NESHA3 projects continued fron 19SC wi 11 result in five
proposals and one oronulgation. "ive existing standards will oe -eviewec. Tecnr-cal succor*,
for SI', oest available control technology, lowest achievable emissions rate actemi nat ions,
and 'or the review of construction permit applications for synthetic fuels w'1' be oroviaed.
An ana'ysis ne the oenefits and ^pacts of air pollution and associated emission control
star.oaras will be continued.
'931 Explanation 0* Chanoe f'on 3udoet Estimate
The net decrease of $436,700 results fron several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budaet estimate was suo^iitted, Resident Ca^e' transmitted
revisions to the ouaget (House Document 96-294^; these revisions resulted in a decrease of
ST -r'lion to E°A's reouest for Salaries and Expenses, "he reduct'or. applied to t"'s activi-.v
'S $23,300.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $10,030 was
applied to th's activity.
- "he Congress aoolied a genera' reduction 0' ST.5 uillior to the Abatement, Contrp" a">'
Compliance approcri ati on; a decrease cf S600.000 was aoplieo tc tr: j acfvity.
- An increase of $56,300 results fron the cost of tne October 1983 oay raise and is
incluaed in a proposed suoolenental appropriation.
- Offsetting transfers of S224.700 were made Between this activity and air-Energy ana
Pollutant Strategies Devel content ($150,500); and air-Training {$'4,200); in the Salaries
and Expenses, and Aoatenent, Control and Compliance appropriation.
A- IS
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- A transfer of $50,100 was made to the radiation media in ordc to supoort the Radiation
'ol i cy Count '¦'.
- A transfer of S900 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide additional
resources to support a new program for instituting civil nonconpliance penalties under Section
120 of the Clean Air Act.
- 0".S Bulletin *31-7, January 24, 1981, "riscal Year 198: Travel Reduction", reaui'ed
agercywiae 'eductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being -jsed to fund
Personnel compensation anc! benefits defic1ts. The reduction applied tc this activitv
's S21,200.
- An internal agencyvride reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made in orde
tc fund °C^S deficits; the reduction aprlied to this activity is $60,000.
- Agencywide increases are required ;n orde' to 'und the ^C'B def'c^ts; the increase
applied to this activity is S22C.C0C.
19S2 3lan
Tru ^gorcy re-uests o total c' S16,?31,2CC and 99 permanent workyears for this D'ocran,
wnicn 53,949,£CC is 'or the Salaries anc Expenses appropr".af'or, and S'Z.trl.TOD "S 'or
tie :bate!Tient, !ontro' and Compliance arorcpriat'on. Tnis is an increase of S5E,-3C3
and a decrease of S3,492,500 respectively, wtiicn reflects increased payroll costs and reduced
regulatory efforts. Efforts will continue on the Clean Air Act mandated NSPS projects,
"wenty-three proposals and 21 cronulgat ions are planned. Three reviews of existing standards
«r 11 oe completed. One NESHA" is expected tc be copcsed and 'ive promulgated. The in'tial
analysis of the Benefits and impacts o' selected 'iS^S will be completed.
Chanae fror, Januarv Resuest
This request represents a decrease of S4,335,700 and 14 permanent worryears from the
January budget, o' which $480,000 is 'or Salaries and Expenses and $3,255,^00 is for
Apatenent, Control and Conpliance. This decrease 'ejects reduced -egulatory development
acfvity for control of toxic pollutants and/or acid ram c-ecurso-s.
•JTAT STSATE3IES DEVE'.D»«ENT
19SC Accomplishments
The '930 resources "icluded $1 ,484,3C0 'or contract support for evaluation of national a-.b-ert
air quality standards, analysis of the envi-omental, economic and regulatory impacts of the
possible star>dards revisions, and the development of an improved ris*: assessment methodology.
The national ambient air quality standard for carbon monoxide has beer -ev'ewed and a
rev-sec stanaari was proposed. «cri. is unaerway to review anc rgv-se as necessary the mt»c-
gen ox'de, particulate anc sulfur dioxide standards, work continued on development of a
health risk assessment analysis metnodolgy applicable to the standard setting process. V'S'-
cility and oaor reports we completed for Congress. 3s Hut ait assessment was tonoleted for
arsenic and listing as a hazardous air pollutant was mace. Assessments we unde-way fo- c:«e
oven emissions, oerchl oroethylene, tnchl oroethylene, acrvl onitri 1 e, methyl chlorofom, methy-
lene chloride, toluene, cadniun, ethylene dichloride, nickel, vinylidene chloride, and form-
aldehyde. Work on energy impact analysis for industrial boilers was continued and the energy
and environmenta' related data base for fossil 'uel fired power plants was maintained.
1991 =rociram
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $3,569,800 and 44 permanent wo'kyears to
this f 'ogram, which $1,96(1,700 is for tho Salaries and rxpenses appropriation anc $1,709,If.
is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
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The program continues to enohasize review and revision of National Ambient Air Quality
Standards fNAAOS} and the assessment ;f hazardous pollutants in 19fl. Review and revision,
•' necessary, of the ?1AAQS for nitrone- dioxide wi* 1 occur. "Tie revised carson monoxice stan
dard will t>e Promulgated and the nydrocarbon standard rescinded. Technical, health, energy
and econcnic issues raised through litigation and public inquiry will be addressed regarding
all revised '1AAQS. Listing decisions will be made for eight pollutants, Population exposure
estimates for a grouo of -2 chemicals begun in 1979, assignment of public health priority, an
r^nn'nj in order of risks tc pub! ic healtr wiV be completed. °re1 'r.:mry screer-ng 'o1- cubl
nealth nsx will be mace of a numoer of chenicals to determine which '•ecui'-e f-'^the' seta^'ed
exposure and cancer assessment.
1981 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
"lie net increase of $155,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease o* $7
million to E°A's request for Saljries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity i
$11,700.
- Congress reduced aaencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of S2.50C was aoplied
to this activity.
- An increase of 329,300 results from the cost of the October 1930 cay -aise and is
mcluced in a proposed supplemental apo'-oor- jtion.
- Offsetting transfers of $150,500 were made between this activity and ai'-Emission Stan
dards and Technology Assessment in the Salaries and Expenses, and Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
- y.S 3u!letin «3i-', January 24, 19S1. "c-scal >ear 1 <3S 1 "ravel Seduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total ¦•eduction of $1,796,90" is being used tc *und
pe^onnel compensation and benefits de'icits. The reauction applied tc this activ.tv
is S5.800.
- Agencywide increases are reouir»d in order to fund the ?C$S deficits; tie 'ncreass
appliec to this activity is $145,200.
1982 Plan
"he Aaency reauests a total of $3,557,100 and 44 permanent wo"-kyears ~or this program,
of wh-.cr S2.04A.700 is 'or the Salaries and Expenses appropr-ation and $1,512,400 -s 'or ;ne
Abatement, Control and Compliance aoo-ccriation. This is an increase of $94,300 and a de-
crease 0** 5196.70C respectively, and reflects reorogramming to meet ;ncreased aayrol' costs.
Review of r.ationa1 ambient ai- Quality standards for particulate matter and sulfur dicxi
will be completed and revised standards, if indicated, will be proposed, 'romulcaticr, a
reaffirmed or revised n'trocer dioxide standard w11 be published. L'stinc decisions w"'1 be
mace fcr tnree potentially hazardous air pollutants. Evaluations will be made o' several
alternative approaches tc NAA2S ^sk assessment to determine their feasibility 'or intecra:m
risk assessment into the decision making framework for ?
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.nance iron uanuarv xeauest
This request represents a decrease of 514,500 'ron the January budget from Abatement,
Control and Compliance. There 1s no significant programmatic effect.
STAT- PR0SRA.VS GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT
1930 Accomplishments
Tne 19SC 'esources included SI ,700,000 in contract support for the nam areas o1 program
emphasis; nonattain.ment S"°s; and New Source Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioratipn.
Follow-up action on the conditional approvals, schedules and commitments in the 197? nonat-
tainment SIPs refined a major activity in 1980. Management of the new source review/ pre-
vention of significant deterioration program continued with major effort devoted to revising
the regulations in response to court decisions. A SACT/ lAER Clearinghouse was maintained.
Efforts we made to encourage additional States to assume the DSD permitting program. °olicy
papers or regulations were developed on a variety of issues including new source review, in-
terstate equity, stack, heights, definition of ambient air, sulfur variability m coal, etc.
Policy and technical guidance was issued in preparation for submittal by the States of 1992
O3/CO SIPs, and for control 0* unconventional sources of pjrticulate matter. Major technical
arvr, management support was provided to the N.E. Corridor 0- Study. Visibility assessment
tecnnigues were developed to support the proposed regulation. Reviews of 15 non-reference
models completed and proposed revisions to the modeling guideline were prepared, direct
technical modeling guidance was provided to regional offices and States.
TPS! °rcaram
in 1981. the Agency has allocated a total of S5,421,700 and 92 permanent wortyears, 0*
wnicr S3.372,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and SI,549,300 Is for Abatement, Control ant)
Co-pliance. Contracts continue to support the work reauired for technical auidance in tne
submittal of Si3s for nonattai renent areas, with particular emphasis on assisting States devel-
oping adeouate data bases for their 1982 Oi/CO submittals and *or New Source Review/Drevention
0' Sign-ficant Deterioration analysis, -oflow-up on conditional approvals of 1979 non-attain-
ment S'^s and implementation of SIB schedules and commitments will continue ;n 1951. Submit-
tals of schedules for the implementation of transportation control measures are expected.
Areas granted IB-month extensions for submittal of plans to meet secondary total suspended
particulates 'TSP; standards wi! 1 be submitting plans in early 1931 and these will ream re
review and approval action. Revew and approval action on lead Si° submittals will be under-
taken. Regulations implementinc tie revised NAAQS 'or nitrogen dioxide will pe proposed.
Continues -enulatory efforts will result in promulgation a* regulations for stack neights,
visibility and regional consistency, anc proposal of continuous emission monitoring regulation
The program of policy and technical guidance for States and Regional Offices in preparation
0' tne 1932 oione'CC SI°s will continue. The Northeast Comdpr modeling effort will be give-
technical direction and data analysis initiated unaer contract. A program to manage and ensj"-
naf.onal consistency in New Source Review will be conducted.
3ol icy and technical guidance for regulatory refor!T. efforts such as banking and tne
"bubble" will be provided.
1931 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $472,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was suonitted, "resident Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294), these 'evisions resulted in a decrease 0'
S7 mi1 lion to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to tnis activity
is S19.500.
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- The Congress reduced agencywiae travel costs by S950,030; a decrease of $10,000 was
applied to this activity.
- An increase of $55,500 r.-sults from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise and is
include;: in a proposed supplemental approoriation,
- Offsetting transfers of $151,700 were made between this activity and Air Quality and
Emission Data Analysis Progress Assessment in the Salaries and Expenses and Abatement, Centre'
and Compliance appropriations.
- CMB Bulletin *21-?, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel deduction", resuired
agencywide 'eductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,500 is being used to fund
personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficists. The reduction applied to this activity
is 12,600.
- Agencywide increases are reauired in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity ;s $460,000.
1SS2 stan
The Agency requests a total of $5,091,100 and 93 permanent workyears for this program, of
•mien 33,323,200 is for the Salaries and Exoenses appropriation and $1,257,900 •$ for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is a decrease of $*9,200 and $231,400
'escecfvely, and reflects reductions in program costs.
The enphasis in 19S2 will oe to continue national management and evaluation of all
najor SIP programs which were initiated in previous years. Policy and techn-cal guidance will
ce provided for O3/CO S!B development and for implementation of new/revises ambient standards.
Development of new models and emission factors for particulates, maintenance of the BACT/'_A£P.
clearinghouse, review of State i-nolementation of New Source P.eview programs, the provision
of Tioceling guidance on power plant emissions, and assistance to States in imoleventing regul-
ations dealing witn visibility and continuous compliance will continue. Efforts will also
continue to assist the States in implementing E^A regulatory reform initiatives.
Chance From January Request
This reouest represents a decrease of $36,700 from the January budget from Abatement,
Control and Compliance. Ho significant orogrammatic effect is exoecteo.
A-19
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^ufre •*jncaras ar*c ji-iae1 *n°:
Sudaet Current Increase -
Actual Esti^te £stinau* Estimate Decease -
ISgC lit- 1'Jtl 1922 19:1 vs. 19c I
".1'r~. t Pojsanrt s)
-'.at ior
»of i? iource Standards
and Guidelines:
Salaries . 'felines 1C? I OF I or
MOJ5* )e Source- ln-!Jso
S-v :sior Assessment, 6 c
icn rus: • 19,
a ty7 * s anc Ddtd
S-jrpcr: for* Siansercs
jnc ji;iaei ines 4c 2S 2'
.c:-; 16C 152
- '¦ * -1 • v j 1 ency
• : - iwu^ce itdf.Ctircs
ific j'j4- nes 1^9 135
Source In-use
•I'ss^r -csffssr.er.l !* B
£'-•><<-.or Testing,
AnityS^S anc 0a:a
Succor: for S:anaards
arc Gu'Cei :nces 59
- '-an
A-2C
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Bucket F.ecuest
The Agency recuests a total cf SIC,03d,500 and 118 permanent vcrkyears 'or 1922, a
aecrease 0T' SI.564,400 and IS permanent workyears from l?ol. -ncluaec in tnis total is
S?,262,000 for Salaries and Expenses and S2,774,600 for Abatement, Control and Compliance,
wit r. an increase of SI IS,300 and a decrease of SI,802,700 respectively. This primarily
refects smfts for equipment anc supplies purchases, anc AD? contracts, as well as
completion of most o** the mandatory emission standards and greater State'lccai assumption
of iru-jse vehicle compliance programs.
Program Description
This subactivitv involves the development of emission standards for mobile sources
of air pollution — passenger motor venicles, heavy duty and light duty trucks.motor-
cycles, and aircraft -- and associated technical activities, such as testing, technology
assessments, anc emissions characterization. It also involves the development of techn-
ical procedures and guidelines applicable to the control cf emissions for new and ir.-use
venicles.
"ne development of standards for mobile sources involves characterization of
emissions and control technology analyses. An essential part of this process is tne
centinucur assessment of new or improved techncloaies anc their associated potential for
change in the nature of air pollutant emissions and other relatec performance factors,
SL-cr as fuel economy. It also requires tests, monitoring mechanisms, or otner strategies
to ensure compliance with the standards. This subactivitv includes the technical work
underlying EPA efforts tc assure the compliance of both new vehicles (e.c., certification1
anc m-use vehicles (e.g., inspection and maintenance).
Included m this effort are activities aimed at determining ncoile source irv-use
emissions performance which prcviaes information on the average emissions that are tc
expected *'-on the in-use vehicle population. The data cbta ined are used tc calculate
the emission reductions recuired for attainment anc .namtenance o' National Anpient Air
Cua'-ty Standards (NAAGS). Since testing began in 13 73, tne results nave consistently
indicated that between one-half and three-cuarters of testec in-use venicles fail tc
meet stanGards. Mucn of this failure appears tc be attriDutable tc- in-use maladjustment;
or disablements cf vehicle engines or emission control systems.
As emission stancards are inoosea on additional classes of motor vehicles anc tne
stringency cx these standards increases, reassessments of the control technology used by
tne manufacturers are made tc determine energy implications and potential emissions of
ncnregulates pollutants. For example, emissions cf pollutants for oiesel-pcwerec anc
catalyst-controlled vehicles are being assessed to determine i* additional action is
necessary tc prevent the emission cf potentially carcinogenic or toxic substances.
Ir. addition, technical assessments of tne motor vehicle fuel econc™ prpgraT are
".ace including possible revisions of fuel economy test procedures anc tne neec for
i n-'pr-iatior. about additional classes of vehicles.
"Phile source standards and guidelines
I??" Acccmci isrcr.ents
The 1930 resources induced S2,296,SCO for contracts. These contracts supportec
stancard setting activities, emissions characterization, technology assessments,anc
inspect'on and maintenance (I/M) program establishment.
A-21
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ons m the ""egul atorv area *~ccusec on the estaDl i soments of emissions
standards 'or heavy duty vehicles that are equivalent "i strirgencv tc these for passenge-
- ;s wpI : :s tne seveicrnent artroo*",3te stanearct f,r ciese; ver: c 1 es anc .'encies
cserues at Mir altitude. "he standards to meet the •*;' percent "ecucf.ar. recuirenent
'or nycocarSon? and carbon moncxice SCO! were rronijlgat.ee, and trie evaporative
°-"S"or standard 'test procedure was proposed. '«cr* was completed on standards 'or parti-
culate emission o' lignt duty vehicles, wtiile a hesvy duty particulate standard will ce
~ r o ¦ p „ c; c •« ^rlv 19 r 1. Ctr.er recul .it i ons promulgated Curing ~.?rC 'hp1.,?*.' ^xr.aust stand
caret fo' 1 •• aht duty trucks; c set of short I/?' tests designee* as part of tne implementa-
tion o? the Clean iir Act's warranty provisions; anc rules aimed at reducing emissions
from vehicles at high altitude.
Substantial technical assistance was provided to States and localities wtiicn are in
the orocess of establishing l/V programs. Legal authority was attained in several icey
States (27 of 29 reauired States now have authorizing legislation) and final SIP approval
action was taken for 19 States. The 1C remaining plans are expected to receive final
approval in 1981. individual studies and analyses which turtner aescnoe me Denefits
to ot "rta'iec fror ,'w were completec m ccniuncticn with tne ^crtlanc. Oregon ver.icle
ttSv' nc (,rocr*jfTi,
*ecnr.olocical development ir. the automotive emissions field were analyzed and major
• ~ r ..ve. .ent z i r. £2A'; national fuel eccnony prpgrar. were- aesigrec ire a't sen? ""'• ~
neitec.
tne i*ei o* naurcous 20*. l-jtant control, implementation if Section 2C2.'i;-.»:
co-tirued.
^COram
;r. the icency allocate; a total o* $",454,500 arc IOC permanent worryear; to
tr's pros-am, o*" »r.icr :4,C2",20C is for Salaries and expenses and S2.457 .20C 'S fc the
joatenert, Control anc Compliance appropriation.
".egulatory action; include final standards for heavy duty vehicles, Emission
standards wi 11 te proposed for heavy duty diesel part icul ates. nitrogen oxiae 'NO*:
gaseous emissicrs, and ~:C evaocrative emissions. In addition, fir,a' acfon will occur
o- light duty vehicle and truck high altitude emissions. New regulatory action will oe
•r.ifited m tne 3reaz c' allowable maintenance, fuel and fuels additives, anc aiese'
organics control. Reports or railroad emissions and 'ignt duty vehicle technology w, 11
oe prepared for Congress.
¦lew 'nitiatives designee tc improve the national fuel economy program will incluce
voluntary laoeling and informat"on disclosure on tires, a pilot fuel economy checK-up
program which could be implemented in States' I/M program, and voluntary laoeling o*
fuel efficient els. * 1981 *'uel economy report to Congress is also planned.
In the jrea of hazarcous pollutant pcitrol , studies o'" nitrcsanines and Dioactive
particulate emissions contrpl wi 1' Pe lntiateo. Ongoing activities incluce Sectio"
2?2'i.:4' i-,p! ei^er.tat ion. -dditional reports wi 1 '< pe prepared on critical materials for
catalysts, synthetic fuel pharacte'izatior., evaporative emissions at high tcr.perature,
enc ar analysis 3* emissions unde" non-P"? conditions.
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:?°1 Explanation cf Chanoes fron 3ucoet Estimate
The net increase of S1.101,CCC results from several actions, as fellows:
- QMS Bulletin *81-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1931 T,-avel Reouctior", requires
agencywide reauctions to travel, the total reduction of $1 ,796 ,900 is seme jsec to fjnc
personnel compensation anc Benefits 'DC4B) deficits. The reduction applied tc this
activity is S21 ,iOC.
- OWE 5ul1etin S21-8, January 24, 19S1, "Reductions in Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting
ar.C Related Services", reauired a total reduction cf SI,794,200 to consulting services,
the reduction applied tc this activity is S300 which is Seing redirected tc fund PC4E
deficit s.
- Q"S Bulletin «81-9, January 3C, 1981, "tforatori i*n on Procurement of Certain
£r.U! pjTjor*" ^ S ^r>*Ti,6"t* ** h® *c ' ^ <3 ^ ^ t
is Seine usee tc func deficits. Tne recuction applies tc this activity is $21,500.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $c,55C,CG0 tc ecui orient costs is being maae
in order to funo pCiE deficits; the reduction applied tc this activity is $16,300.
- An -nternal agencywide reduction of $1,790 ,SC0 \.o Cwher contractual services is
seme r.iace in order to funo 3C4S deficits; the reduction applied to this activity i s
529,400.
- Agencywice i-creases are required in order to fund the ?CJc deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $100,000.
- Snortiy after tne 19.-? 1 Budget estimate was submitted, 3res;dent Carte*" trans-
mitted revisions tc the Puocet (House Document 96-294); these revsions resulted ir. a
decrease of $* million tc E^'-'s request for Salaries anc Expenses, the reduction appliec
to this activity is $24,SCO.
- The Congress -educec agencywice travel costs By $230,000; a decrease o-' $£,000
was applied to ttr.s activty.
- The Congress reduced agencywide corsulting services by $2.2 million; a decrease
cf S1Z9,500 was appliec tc this activity.
- Tne Congress applied a general reduction of $7.E million to tne Abatement, Cont-c!
anc Compliance appropriation; a decrease of £554,200 was applied tc this activity.
- An tcrease of $5£,60C results from the cost of tne October 1980 oay raise and -s
includec in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- ' transfer of $2,000 was made tc the Administrative ~ax Judges to provide addi-
tional resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance penalties
¦jnee- Section 120 of tne Clear, Air Act.
- - transfer of C25,c0C was made to the raoiatior .nedia in oroer tc support the
Raciation Policy Council.
- Reprogrammings tc support increased need for contract funcs ir the area of in-
spect ion/maintenance, cnaracterizatlon, and technology assessment result in transfers
of SI,952,000 from Mobile Sources in-l'se Emission Assessment (Si.109,000;; from Emission
Testing, Analysis and Data Support for Standards and Guidelines ($120,000); from Mobile
Source sreprocuction Compliance Verification ($652,000); from Emission Testing, Analys-s
anc Data Support for Preproduction Compliance Verification ($48,000); and from Stationary
Source Enforcement ($24,000).
A- 23
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- Reorogrammi tigs to reflect s reassessment of the needs for ADP an d ether ir-house
contacts, as well as laboratory equipment and supplies, resulted in a transfer cf
SISi,-iCG tc facile Sources In-u'se Emission Assessment (-5-5,000}; Emission Testing
Analysis ana Data Support for Prereduction Compliance yerificaticn ;-S30,S0C), anc
Em* ssioR Testing, Analysis and Date Support for Standards and Guidelines {-$107,500;.
I9S2 "Ian
The Agency requests a total cf i5,086,300 and 3c permanent wcrr.years -"or this
program, of which 52, 755,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation anc
S>.33C'.?0C is for tne Atatement, Control and Compliance ippropriation. This is a de-
crease cf $271 ,600 anc of 52,126,500 respectively, anc reflects reprogracminc of resources
to emissions testing, analysis and data support, as well as completion of most of tne
standard setting and in-use vehicle compliance activities.
Work will proceec on the assessment of standards for heavy duty 4C, CO. NOx, anc
particulate emissions. Issues related to evaporative emissions standards for heavy cuty
vehicles wis! ae addressee, anc pollutant srecific stuc.es for chancing the HC aic CC
standards will be prepared. Additional worr. will oe done on the centrei of diesel tarti-
culates anc organic emissions. Setting of emission standards for high altitude venicles
will proceed, together with an assessment of the need for nign altitude emission stanoaros
for heavy duty engines. Fuels anc fuel additives control regulations will oe propesec.
Support will Pe provided tc all States implementing programs. I.ntr&venents
in 1,'K effectiveness will ae investigated .'e.g., identification o* -nisfueleC #er.icles,
mechanics' training effectiveness], anc assessment: wi 11 Qe swioe of the effectiveness
of decentral ned programs.
Diesel emissions carcinogenic• tv will oe assessed, as we1' as technology aimec Jt
controlling diesel exhaust. Emissions from the use of synfuels ano evaporative emissions
ce HC at hianer, non-F!> tesioeratares will oe determined. Tne «sessnent cf technclogy
available tc meet the ligrt duty vehicles emission standards provide extensive
information or, the impact of new technology on unregulatec emissions, ano will oro-.-de
an overall air Quality impact assessment for regulated pollutants, "ecnnology assessment
projects will be conauctec for such topics as: electronics sensors for errssior control
malfuncfons, the effect of tampering or. electronic emission control systems, anc techni-
cal solutions tc vehicle .msfuel ir.c proolems.
Assessments wil1 be reformed on fuel economy trends and the impact of ezrcsici
controls on -"uei economy, anc iniorovraertt to the represent at i vents s of 'or EPA fuel
ecpnow data will oe aimec at enhancing the national fuel economy orog'am. factors that
a-feet in-use r"uel economy will se assessed ir dertr (e.g., impacts of various accelera-
tion rpg-jnes, variations in octane of gasolines;.
Chance rro.m January Request
Thi s reauest recresents a decrease of $1,323,300 and 27 oeraanent wor>.years from tr,e
January cudget, of which $550,000 is for Salaries anc Excenses anc S673.3C0 is for state-
ment, Control and Compliance. Trie reduction reflects completion of most cf the emission
standards anc reduced assistance tc State/local agencies for ir-jse vehicle compliance
orograms (I/M).
^ob:c; scuFCt in-use emission assessment
198C Accomplishments
193C resources included $l,76c,S0C for contracts for testing of in-use vehicle
populations in order to provide updated emission factors. This iorlt is a continuation
of ter* initiated in 1S73 tc determine in-use vehicles emissions unoer various conditions,
anc tc provide aoprocriate analyses to assess program effectiveness and the need for
Dotr. State anc national dontrol programs. Data were also col laci.ec to srecare the AF-42
em-ss'pns factors update. Testing of in-use 11grit duty diesels and new tecnnologv
vehicles will continue i" 1981 -
A-2C
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193" Prooram
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of 51 ,306,100 and 7 remanent vorkyears
tc this program, of which 5216,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and SI,050,000 is for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Corneliance approprlation.
Testing of ir-use vehicles in order to determine their extent of compliance with
standards, as well as to assess reasons for any exceeoances will continue. A study tc
assess emission factors methodology will continue through 1982 anc new restorative
maintenance testing will take olace in 1981. The development of in-use emission factors
'or use by States for their implementation plans is an ongoing activity of this program.
19S1 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of 51,238,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- The Department of Housing and Uroan Development-1ncepencent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1931, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
percent authority is oeing implemented by transferring funds from the Research and
Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation in order to fund PCSB deficits; the -eduction applied tc tms
activity is SI 70.000.
- Shortly after the 1981 Pudget estimate was submitted, "resiaert Carter transmittec
revisions tc the bucget ('House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
c-" 3" million to EPA's recuest for Salaries and Expenses. rhe recuction appliec to tf.'s
activity is $ 1,200.
- The Congress resuced agencywioe csnsulting services oy $3.8 million; a dec-ease
cf 5 7.1CC was applied to this activity.
- An increase of S3.S00 results from the cost of tne Octooer 1980 cay raise and is
•ncluded ;n a proposal supplemental appropriation.
- Reproaranini nc to support 'ncreasec need for contract funds :n the areas c* insaec-
fon/maintenarce, characterization anc technology assessment, resulted in a transfer of
SI,109,000 to Mobile Sources Standards arc Guidelines.
- secrsg-anning to reflect a reassessment of the neeas for A3? and other ir.-nouse
contracts, as we'1 as laboratory eauipment and supplies resul tec in a transe- of $45,300
from Mobile Sources Stanoards and Guidelines (545,000).
1 ?62 Plan
~he Acency requests e total of SI, 716.400 and 7 permanent worKyears for tms pro-
g-am of wnicn S272.5CC i £ for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation anc 51,442,?0f. is
~"or tne Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase
of $55,400 anc £252,900 respectively, wnich reflects increased emission factors testing.
Emission factors for use by States in SIP development will be provicec. In-use
light duty vehicles will be tested to determine their actual emissions performance to
ceterw ne causes for failure to meet emission standards. During 1982, the results of a
stuay aimed at improving the sampling methodology of this testing program will be imple-
mented in oroer to enhance the statistical credibility of the test results.
A-25
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Change r-'CT: January Recuest
Th:s recast represents nc change from the January budget.
emissions test:*;*, analysis and data s'jcpop.t fop standards t?;c guidelines
19f.C resources included S112.6GC ir» contracts for cata processing anc testing supdc
Activities 'included baseline testing for a N0X standard for neavy duty engines, sapcort
for test procedure improvements aimed at assuring the validity of the FTP, and efforts
to characterize emissions of new technology vehicles. Statistical ana analytic support
to I/K evaluation and for the AP-42 update was provided.
19 S1 Prooram
In 1?S" , tie "'concv has allocated a total of 52.920,40? jnd Z~ permanent »or»,years
tc tms program, of «nich S2.90C.400 is for Salaries and Expenses and S30.0CC is for
extramural ourtcses under the Abatement, Control and Conpliance appropriation. Data
processing and testing support will continue to be provided tc- the other program activi-
ties *r.ich require this assistance and efforts to ennance the capability of the laooratory
to cone with new technology vehicles will be carried out.
198! Explanation of Chances 'rcn Buccet Estimate
The net -ncrease of S46C.7CC results frorr. several actions, as follows:
- Agencywice increases are required in order tc fund the :C.SE deficits; the increase
applied tc this activity is 1239,200.
- Shortly a'ter the '931 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter trans-
mitted revisions tc the budget ;'-ouse Document 96-254); these •-evisions resulted ir a
decrease of I ~ m 1 i i o tc EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction apr'ied
tc tn-s activity "c ST, SCO.
- Tr.e Congress 'educed ^gencvwice travel costs by S2SG.DCC', a decrease- SJGC »as
a;-; ' set tc th's activity.
- "ne Congress reduces agencywide consulting services by SC.3 million, a decrease
of S2C.200 was cpflied tc this activity.
- "he Congress recuceri agencywide AD? services by S2 million; a decrease of S10C.4CC
was acpiiec tc this defvty.
- An increase of S?C,-.0C «*esu)ts from the cost c' the October 19S0 say raise anc • s
'ncl-oed ir > procosed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprograrninqs tc support increased need ror contract funds ir tne areas of in-
spection/maintenance, character!iat lon. and technciogy assessments resulted -n a transfer
of S". 2C,0GC to Vocile Sources Standards anc Guidelines.
- Rep^cgranmings to reflect a reassessnent of the needs for AG? and ether :n-
nouse contracts, as well as laooratory equipment anc supplies resulted in a transfer
• ' S35S.7QG from Mjfeile Sources Standards anc Guidelines ;S1C",SCC), and froir. "ooile
Sources P'eprcoucttor Cc^cliance Verification (S2S2.20C;.
A-26
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"he 'qe"Cy recoests a total of S2.Z23.90C anc 2r p-ermanen: ~criyea'-s for this
prcgrar., c* «r.-:n is 'or trie 3aUr-.es anc Expenses a;»roir:Jt:cr.. Trie
represents an increase of $333,500 r tne Saiaries anc Expenses app-ropnat 1 or anc
i aecrease c? S3C.CC0 in the Abatement, Confc' anc Ccr.t-V.ar.es apprpp-r-at 'cr.. 7ns
increase reflects f-jncinc c* prefects cere^tc *>0* :?S1.
"r.-.s sreoram eienen: consists of essentia'• Sutter! activities ror older crosrair.
activities ir. the *0rm of cata analysis and laaoratc-v testmc. "his includes frc-
«•"s"ion of testing ana cata analysis activity in supper! of State : 'f. program imple-
T.entutton, ani supervision of the stuay to improve the statistical methcdolocjy of tne
emission factors proarar..
Cnance rrcn January Request
"h?s recuest -eoresents a decease 0* S56n,0C0 and 7 peTianpn* wcrvwea^s 'ch is f,-ora SaUr'es mc Expenses. The iecrease rejects 'ec-eeo
* n •* • 0 ~ ij « -x-71 £ ^ S ^ ^¦ ' 01 f ^ C ~
ppitrac: a: j resj't of decreases standard settir.;.
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AIR
-person a'.-, pis
Cort-o. -genej Resource
Supplementation:
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Tra i n1ng:
Salaries and Expenses....
Aoatement. Control
and Conpiiance
Grants for Planning Control
of CarDon Monoxide and
3hotocne-nical Oxidants in
'ionultalnnent Areas:
Abatement, Contro'
and Corns'lance
Northeast Corridor
Regional »roject:
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Tota':
Salaries anc Expenses...
Abatement. Control and
Compij ance
Grand Total
Permanent Positions
Cent ra". -.fiency Resource
.iupplementation
Traininq
Total
"'jil-tic.e Equivalency
Contro" Agency Resource
Supplementation
T<-ai m "T
Total
State ^-ograns Resource Assistance
Budget Current Increase -
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 ]oftl log! 1982 1982 vs. 1981
TdoTTars m thousands
$83,750 $87,673 $87,673 $87 ,735 «¦ 552
<09 419 29 9 382 * 93
i,022 561 i ,0oo 661 -»07
38,0=9
i .soc
4Q9 419 2SQ 332 - 92
123.370 88,334 38.741 3?,396 -345
; ^ 70
Sfi.753
89,030
88.778
-252
B'jccet Reouest
Tne Agency requests a total of S88.777.70C and fi permanent woriiyears for 1982, a
decrease of 5252.900 from 1981. Included in this total is $381,800 for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriat ion anc $38, 395,900 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
approonatlon, with an increase of S92.600 and a decrease of $345,500 respectively.
Tne decrease requested for Abatement, Control and CoripVance re'lects increased Regional
assumption of training activities, and tne increase is for payroll costs.
A-2$
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Proof am Description
This subactwity provides financial support to State ana local air pollu-
tion control agencies, including Indian tribes, for the prevention, abatement,
and control of air pollution, including tne provision of contractual assistance
to States in 1-eu of direct grants. Its prime objective is to aevelop anc
ma--nta1r effective State and *ocal programs for the attainment and namtenance
of tne National A,n&ient Air Quality Standards, the prevention of significant
deterioration, and the protection of visibility.
Grants to control agencies having a major role in developing and carrying
out these SIP and other requi rements, constitute the major form of EPA resource
assistance. Srants assistance is supplemented by training of State/local air
pollution personnel, and the provision of services of contractors for specific
tasrs identified by the States anc localities, as required for carrying out or
revising tne State Inoiementation Plan. Grant assistance supports numerous
State and local control efforts, including enforcement of emission regulations,
development of emission Inventories, application of di spers ion moael 1 ng tech-
niques, air quality monitoring, control strategy/ regulation development and
oevelooment of programs for implementation of required transporation confol
measures ana autcaoile inspection/maintenance (!/*). Emphasis is being given
to improving State'local air quality monitoring, adoption by States of addi-
tional i-egul at • o.ns for control o' emissions of volatile organic compounos
'VOC;, implementation of new source re/iew programs, particularly for the
prevention of signiMeant deterioration, increased inspections of ~ajor sources,
and expedited enforcement actions. These activities are covered in tne follow-
ing program elements.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation Under tne Clear Air Act. the
control of air pollution at its source is p-imarily the resconsibi1ity of the
States. States, ir cooperation with local agencies, are responsible for developing
and implementing plans to attain and maintain ambient air oaa'-ty standards.
EPA partially funas the ooeratmc costs of these State anc local agency programs.
Training Resource assistance is further supplemented by the provision of
training in specialized areas of air pollution control. Since July ig76, the
EPA Air Pollution Training Institute at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
has been operated unaer contract. New courses are developed as needed, mst-uction
manuals ano materials are revised and updated, laboratory courses at Research
Tnanqie Pari; are conducted, and manuals and instructional materials are proviaec
to university field centers. A small EPA staf? Tonitors the contract, .-naintams
liaison witn Regional Dffices ana State and local agencies, assesses changing
training requirements, and ensures that those requirements are met. Tne EPA
staff also wonts «dtn regional university centers to develoo State and local
self-sufficiency in training oy offering courses at field locations.
CONTROL AGENCV RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION
1980 Accomalishments
Tne 1980 resources included $S2,758,700 m extramural funds. In 1980, major
air management efforts Included: completion of submittals of 19?9 State Implemen-
tation olans ISJPs) fo- the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) and follow up actions to meet conditions specified in EPA approvals;
development of programs for automotive inspection/maintenance (I'M), transportation
control, and the regulation of sources emitting volatile organic compounds (VOC).
-------
State/local monitoring prograns continued efforts t; estJb1-sh the National *ir
Monitoring Stations 'NA^S5 Network, including necessary quality assurance
programs, anc to prepare a comprehensive data oase 'or the 19S2 o:one (O3}
SI" within the larger urban nonattai rvnent areas. Enforcement activities
focused on major stationary source compliance.
1931 Program
In 1981, The Agency allocated 587,673,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation. SIp implementation with emphasis or programs for
insoection/naintenance, transportation controls, and the control of additional
sources of volatile orgamcs will continue. Enforcement activities will focus
on major source compliance, including assessments o' noncompliance penalties.
States will develor and inpleiwnt programs for the review and permitting of
new sources for the prevention of significant deterioration 'PSO) and the
regulation 0* automotive tampering and fuel switching. State/local efforts
will focus on the completion of NAf^S by the January 1331 deadline jnd the
completion of » data base in preparation for the 1982 0i SIP suomittal for
all areas chanted attainment date extensions peyond 1932.
1931 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the budget estimate.
'982 plan
The Agency requests a total of 537,734,900 for this program, an increase
of 561,900 fror. 1981. Essential management and adsin'Strative functions ynV
be maintained, including Submittal of 1982 orone'CC SI?s, enactment of reauiro;;
additional V0C controls, enforcement where delegated of nat'onal emission standards
'or hazardous air pollutants (NESHA0) and new source performance standards 'NS^S .,
and maintenance of current amoient monitoring efforts. Development and inplenen-
taior of m-use vehicle control programs, -ncluding 1 nsoect1 or./oaintenance
transpcrtat'on controls, and ant 1-tamper•ng."ue' switching will proceed.
State implementation 0* tne program ^0" prevention of significant deterioration
'PSD} for total suspended particulates (TS3) and sulfur dioxide (SO7) will
continue. Incorporation of rog-jijtorv reforms (e.g., "bubs1®" and "bankinq";
wh-Ie -nsuring compatibility with progress toward ambient air qua'ity standard
attainment will receive increased attention, including e'forts to 1nst":tJtional"Ze
these reforms into current State regulation development efforts. In addition,
some States will begin to develop programs to deal with air toxics, including
problems involving • nc' nerat ion and emissions 'ror. industrial complexes in
densely populated uriar areas. Special efforts will be made to opti'iire cur-er.t
programs for the regulation and control of V0C 'or limiting toxic an: potential*y
toxic a'r emissions. A limited nu.moer o' Status will also begin to develop
and implement pi 1ot/demonstration programs to assess non-compilance penalties.
Ir. order not to circumvent state employment Decides or responsibilities, the
state assignee program will be phased out in 1932.
Change from January Request
This recuest represents a decrease of 43 now permanent workyears frcn the
January budget reflecting the decision to phase out the state assignee program.
A-^fl
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TRAINING
1980 Acotnpl i shnents
The 1980 resources included $1,022,500 in extramural funds. Eighty-one direct
training courses were conducted and eight courses were developed or revised. Graduate
level tralneesnips were provided for 36 control agency employees and employees doing
graduate work at the Environmental Mangement Institute at the University of Southern
California. Under EPA grants to Colorado State University, mechanic training related
to motor vehicle inspection/maintenance programs was was conducted.
19S' Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $1 ,357,600 and 6 permanent work
years, of which S239.200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,068,400 is for extra-
mural purposes in the Acatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Seventy
four training courses will be conducted in 20 subject areas for about 1,900 trainees.
Tnree hundred and forty trainees will complete selfinstructional courses, three new
courses will oe developed and five courses will be revised. Approximately 25 control
agency employees will be supported by graduate tralneesnips.
1981 Explanation of Changes from 3udget Estimate
The net increase of $277,800 results frorr several actions, as
fol1ows:
0MD Bulletin #81 -7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencyw^e reductions to travel; the total reduction of SI ,795,900 's
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The
reduction applied to tnis activity is $1,600.
Shortly after the 1981 audget estimate was submitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to the Dudaet (House Document 96-29-4^ ; these revisions
resulted in a decrease of S7 million to EPA's reouest for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction apolied to this activity is $2,000.
Tne Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of
S1.00C was applied to this activity.
The Congress increased the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
by 3273,900 to support academic training.
An increase of S3.50C results from the cost of tne October 1980 pay raise
ana is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
Reprogrammi ngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
result in a transfer of S128.500 to Emission Standards and Technology Assessment
($74,200); and to State Program Guidelines and Regulations Development ($54,300).
Reprogramming of $74,200 from Emission Standards and Technology
Assessments; and $54,300 from State Program Guidelines and Regulations
Development, to realign contract funds.
A-31
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!982 Plan
The Agency reouests i total of $1,042,800 and 6 permanent wortyears for tlrs
prooran, which S29':,SQC is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation ana
Sojl .000 is for the Abatement, Control arx: Compliance Appropriation. This is
an increase of $92,600 and t decrease of S407.4CC respective'^ from 1981.
Increased payroll costs and regional assumption of some control agency employee
training are reflected in these shifts.
The development and conduct of training on basic aspects of air pollution
control will continue in 1982. Twenty-eignt training courses will be conducted
for ago trainees and graduate traineesmps to 20 control agency employees will
continue.
Change From January Reouest
This reouest represents no change 'rom the January budget.
A- 22
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Air Duality Strategies Iniplerientation
Budget Current increase -
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1930 1991 1981 1982 198? vs. 1981
(dollars in thousands)
Appropriation
Air Quality Management
;?.3'>ementation:
Sala-ies and Expenses..
$9,644
S8.555
$9,336
$ 9.184
-S20:
Abatement, Control
and Co-pliance
19?
221
259
4;
- 216
Total
9,341
8,376
9,547
9,22'
- 420
3ernanent Positions
313
288
275
275
Full-time Eauivalency....
356
313
29?
299
.. •
Buacet Reouest
The Aoency re-quests a total a* $¦?.227,200 and 7"5 peman«i: worryean, a decease of
5419. 100 'roir '931. Included in tiis total is S9,12-:,20C for Sala-ies and Expenses and
S- 2. ?00 for tne APaterient, Control anc Compliance appropriation, a dec-ease of S202.500 anc
ST.5,500 respectively. The decrease reflects greater efficiencies in the S!5 revis'cr process.
'¦togran Description
This supactivity includes the provision t>y the regional offices of policy direction anc
guidance to States in tne development and implementation of strategies for tne attainment
and r^intenance of National Jnoient Air Duality Standards and tne conduct of otner control
activities -equired to neet the goals of the Clean Air Act. This involves the review of State
developed strategies for consistency witn the reoui-ements of tne Clean Air Act ana EPA
regulations, and tracunq tne scheaules set ?ortn ir. these strategies, including assessment;
of State progress toward attaining standards by the statutory deadlines.
It also includes tne development py E3' of strategies for soec'f'c geographic*' areas
wne-e States do not prepare adequate plans for attaining and maintaining standards; tie in-
corporation of tnese contrs' strategies into aoprop-iate Federal regulator action; arc tne
interaction witn Stat? and local governments in implementing these strategies. Otne- iajo'
activities include the auait of State anc local control agencies for adherence to "ede-al
requirements and guidelines; consultation witn State and local control agencies on specific
air pollution control proolems; review of the tmoact of new sources of air pollution; and the
management of State and local agency grant resources and their allocation.
Air Duality Manaoentent Implementation - The Clean Air Act Amendments of 197^ specify stringent
criteria for preparing State Implementation Plans (SI0! and suostan; lal ly increase tne numse-
o' plans required. Therefore, majo- e'forts are required for the review ana approval a' tre
Si's anc for tne promulgation of plans wtiere State plans are inadequate.
A- 22
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Major efforts are also necessary to proviae guidance to States in meeting the commitments
made m SIP suomissions which are essential to the attainment of standards, including esta-
blishment of mandatory automotive inspection/ namtenance programs, adoption of transportat1 on
contro' measures, evaluation of jroan fugitive dust and additional stationary source contrc's.
Major t?4 regional of'ice activity is also reaui res to ;ui de States ir. devel ;:i n.-; tie
necessary oata Dase ano strategy demonstrations whicn a-e -equireo for trie 19S2 3;: suom-sc;on
fo' ozone and carpon monoxide, »*iere ar extension of time for attainment jnaer tne Act nas
been granted. This Includes extensive interaction with local elected officials, metropolitan
planning organizations, State transportation departments, and the State air pollution control
agencies, and requires major EPA regional office coordination efforts. EPA regions must oar.
ticioate actively with the States in the local planning processes to assure that air quality
consicerations are taxen into account in a meaningful way and that tne local plans, parti-
cularly the transportation elements, are integrated mtc tne Siu as enforceaoie measjres m a
timeframe consistent with the requirements of tne Act. Tnese activities are expected to exten
tnrough 1 982. Similar activities will nave to be carried out to develop and review SPs for
lead and for other revisions to standards as required by the Act.
The * 5 77 ^mendnents also impose major new reci^''enents or, the process for revie^'n; new
sources of pollution :o assure that they will not cause deterioration of air quality in areas
atta-ning tne National AmDient Duality Standards fSAAQS;. or tnat will not delay atta'ame": o-
aggravate current proalems in areas not yet attaining the NAAQS. Tne determinatior of best
available emission control technology, analysis of air quality impact, selective source siting
and emission trade-of' analyses are all integral to this review process and will require EPA
regional office resources.
AIP OJAL!7Y MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1930 Accomplishments
The 1980 resources included SI ?7,500 in contract 'unas for the salaries of NOAA meteo-
rologists wno provide modeling support to EPA tnrough assistance with computer programs,
-leteoroiogical assessments and revews of SI? models. The major efforts uncertaxei included
the tracing, ove'view. ana guidance of State efforts to complete development and oegm im-
plementation 0' tne various scnecuies container: 'r. tne !979 31>. This included securmc en-
abling legislation for mandatory ; 'f programs; enacting regulations for control of additioral
major source categories of volatile organic emissions; developing procedures and naming com-
mitments to establisn ;/M programs, analyzing transportation control measures potential; ana
analyzing ana developing measures for contro' of uroan 'ugitive dust. Also included was the
annual review of State progress ir. meefng tne -easonable further progress jSF?) requirement
of tne 1977 Amendments to tne Clean Air Act. Tne meeting 0* tnese requi-ements 's essentia'
tc assure attainment of air quality standards.
in 19S0, the EPA regional offices also provided guidance and review 0' state lead Si3
submissions, ano tne development of the requires 1982 SIPs ir, nonattainment areas for ozone
anc carbon monoxide, «*iere Epa has approved a time extension 'or attainment of standards.
Tnis e'fo-t focjses upon the development 0* new emiss'or. inventories and otner oata bases an*
reauires a more soph 1 sticatec demonstration of air qua'ity standard attainment.
Other activities includes the overview of State new source review programs, including
the audit of selected State reviews to insure consistency with the requirements of the Clean
Air Act and EPA regulations. E&A regions are actively assisting States in develoomg programs
for the prevention of significant deterioration where such programs were not establishec in
'979.
-------
1001 D^,or,™
:r, I?:', the Agency has allocated 2 total of S?,'?4£,3C0 and 2"5 permanent wo-v.yea-s tc
this progrj-i, of which 59,337,300 is for the Sala-ies and Expenses apcrcpr' at ion and S25?.:CC
is ex t ^ si rurrosss «*>(*(?'* th& Abfitsno^*, C c n tr o1 2^- 2rrrd?r* E-~
recionaJ offices v'1 -wlntair. tne 19SC CT.sr.is: 5 an fo11 cw-j? and nplenettstion of the I?7?
H 2 - - 2 * r\""i0 f: * 3 !'->< . "2$ V 8 ^ CD^«S ^ * ~ f 3 20fi6 ' C » 21^5 2 "u St 3 »C 0 ' *'<>S3C0<: ~
bi'"ty for New Source Re.'i ew/°r?ver,t i or jf Significant Deteriorafor,. Regional cf'ices W*!
follow up on S!P comnitnents and schedules (cr If., 7CK, and fugitive dust programs. States
reauir'ng additional control on emissions o' volatile organics (VOC) will be ass-sted *n
developing consistent regulations. States will be assisted in reviewing applications for
use of the "bubble", a method of assessing emission Imitations that covers the emissions fro™
the entire facility.
Regions wi1¦ continue to assist States in completing the 1922 ozone and CO SIDs. In
'.931, nany \f p-og-ans wil1 be completing the oi'ct or denonst-atior phases, arc cecisions
w.'~ be nade or. 'uV-sca'e e-*ntation. Transportation control "ieasu-es wi" be se'° ected
and croora^is for inrieiertatior wi' 1 ne c-esented to tne rublic and aopropnate soences c~r
supoor; and inolenentaticn. -°i involvement and leadership is critical in these areas.
Tne ^anage^e-.: of NSS is especially important in 19S! , as Tany States wiT just nave
assj->ed responsibility for the oroarara. Ctate'local actions wt-ich nay adve-se'y i"ioact or
ancient ai- Quality standards under Sections 109'j) o' the federal Highway Act and l/Src' ?*
the Clean Air Act wi'! be reviewec for consistency with SI Ps.
1951 Explanation pf Changes fron Budoet Estimate
The net 'ncrease of 3"7C,60C -esults f-rm several actions, as 'c'lows:
- yz 2u- 'ettr »3i-7, January 2«. '931 "r'scal *ear 1931 Travel ^eCuct'or/'.-cau'red
33€ncyv<^uct * ~ hs tc tr2v^ i t t o t
-------
. Snortiy after tne '931 oudoet estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitter
revisions to the oudget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease of
S" million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses; The reduction applied to tms activity
is 555,?0C.
- Tie Congress reduced ager.cy«ide travel costs 3y $250,000; a decrease o' it ,500 was
app'iec to tny S750,000; a
decrease of $22,-00 was applied tc tms activity.
- An increase of S142.400 results f-or. tne cost of tne 'Jctocer "i930 pay raise anc is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Rcorograamings ts "-eal ig" sa'a-y jrs related costs to neet or-soars needs 'esultsc
in a transfer o' $34,530 tc Aroient A1 r Quality Monitor-ng ' - 5=, -iOO) ; fro:*. regiona: mjnaae-
f.snt (524,220); to Stationary Sou-ce Enforcement >$5^.300); frcrc wate" Oua'tty 2erv t
Issuance (55.303); from Water Quality Enforcenent ($1 2,300); and fro.x Radiation ^rogra-*
Implementation (56,900).
- °eorogrammi ngs to
fror A.TiS;ent Air Oua'itv Monitoring.
- 3eprooranrings of S3,90.7 ''a-, plann-ng, evaluation anc jna'ys'is reflect tie need to
inc-ease technical resources availaole to worx on tne CAA amencments anc the evaijafon o-
sewage sludge incinerators.
- Seprogramnings of $12,300 fron AnSient Air Quality Monitoring provide for the services
o' a meteorologist through an interagency agreement witn N0AA.
- Seprogratm ngs of $15,300 from no'se regional Drog^am implementation to support S;:
e"ortS .
- ^eprograumings to support S!c activities m the areas of technical review o' $.'3s, 31 =
cerf. 'ication review and docket control resulted 'n a transfer of $125,000 'ror. Ambient -ir
Duality Monitoring ($54,000); 'rorn Stationary $ou"ce Enforcement ($42,100, and from no'se
reg-ona' program implementation (537,900'..
- Seprograrrr-.'.nqs o* $20,300 to Ar.Sient Air Qjalitv Monitoring tc provide 'or t^.e 'unjiis
of an interagency agreement.
- Reprogramninas of $27,100 to pesticides use management to support the implementation
cf a -eaeral oestic.de program.
- Seprogi-anmi ngs tc realign cont-act funds resulteo in a transfer of $50,20C' to
hazardous waste enforcement (-510,000); to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (-$39,500';
and to toxic substances enforcement (-5700).
- Reprogramnings of $4,000 to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites were made to real-
locate travel funds.
-------
- ' transfer of S-5.5CC was made to the Office a? 'nspecto" 3ener3l in o^ier tc
provide additional resources to that Of'ice.
' 932 J1 an
The Agency requests a total of 39,227 ,200 and 275 permanent wc-kyears for this orocran,
of which S9,134,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation anc $42,900 is for the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Essential rog<0nal offices nanageront functions w'll be: rulenakinc on all State-
suDmitted regulatory actions as well as £D'-in1tiated SI? revisions; Section 106 grants
~ T" C ^ J* 2 r~ r 2 jGT.cr t i C C"^r' ° ^ "" 2 *n " ?rtw ** 0 'J ° ••ftv'ow' ^
d9t-?*"ior;t".on activities mc'jd'ig "'S" Set S'.^s; nanags'nent of al: 1982 ozcne 3"d C2
::»s. VCC regulations anc programs, anc activities 'cljted to continuing respires
programs.
In addition. Regional Offices will continue to develoc State.'E34 agreements, ?er'o'~,i
orogrji planning and budgeting, and conduct performance evaluations of large grantee
agencies and consistency auc-ts.
Z-- w * • initiate regulatory reform ir.rl enentation, and :o*ic pollutant controls.
One significant area of airbcne toxics wtvch will rece'v? particular attention *s th°
e-ni smns generated m 'arge incinerators, both 1 ndusf i a: and -vjnici :al . These iric* lerjtors
are expected to be increasingly jsed for ha;araous as we!" as conventional wastes.
Cname From January Reauest
"his reouest represents i decrease o' S2.J7S.OOr 3nc 25 re'nanen*' KrH-yajrs f-or.
the January budget, of which S°i,27?.00C is 'or Sala-'et and E
-------
Wooile Source oreproauction Compliance Verification
Buooet
Current
Increasi
nCtu31
Estmate
Estinate
Estimate
Oecreasi
1930
1931
5 931
1932
1982 vs. '
;ca i
1 a-s in tnousanas;
Appropriation
Preproauct ion Compliance
Verlffcdtion;
Salaries and E«penses..
SI.752
$2,128
$1,827
$1,952
$+125
Abatement, Control
and Corae! 1 ante
26
754
102
347
*245
Emissions Testing, Analysis
and Data Support for
»'eproflu;t!on Compliance
ven f ication:
Saia.-iss and Expenses..
1,395
1.534
1.537
1,525
• 3c
Abatement, Control
ita Compliance
26;
:ss
120
234
*1:7
Total:
Sala-ies ana Expenses..
3,; 4 7
2,562
2,4:4
3,57*
-163
A^ate^ent, Control
an; Compliance........
?g?
922
£0 »
~3£2
Srano Total
3.43-1
4.S9C
2, S 35
4,161
*525
Remanent aos*t;ons
B-eprpouctipn Conp'-.ance
veri f ication
50
55
4C
3»
- ••
•nission Testing, Analysis
and Data Support for
p-eproauc:ian Coc.pi iance
Verification..,
19
29
34
Zi
- -
Tata 1
69
S4
75
5C
-1 5
rull-time Eoutvalencv
preproauction Co-nol iance
veri fication
62
65
54
45
-?
Emssion Testing, Analysis
ans Data Support for
s-eproauction Compliance
verification
3:
42
54
37
-1 **
"ota'
oo
107
:os
52
-26
A- 3S
-------
budget Reauest
The Agency requests a total of $~,!61.40C anc 5C permanent wor*years
for 1932, an increase of $5?A,800 and a decrease of 16 permanent workvears
fror 1981. Included in this total is 53,577, 100 for Salaries and Expenses
and $584,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, an increase of $162,50C
anc $362,300 respectively. Increases in this subactivity provide for imple-
menting .new improvements in tne certification ano fuel economy programs. Tr.e
decrease in permanent woncvears reflects efficiencies in certi 'ication ano a
shift in emphasis to in-use vehicle compliance.
Program Description
This subactivity includes: (1) engineering review and confirmatory test-
inc of prototype motor vehicles and engines ;n order to certify their
compliance w'tn emission standards and verify their fuel economy values:
(2! semi-annual publication of fuel economy guides and calculation of corpo-
rate average fuel econcmy values, anc (3) related technical. program development,
and data processing support.
•PA is currently iraplementino improvements in its certification program.
Ir. previous years, motor vehicle manufacturers' complete lines of vehicles
and engines had undergone an extensive review and verification process car-ied
out by E°A. The full certification process involves the submission o' applica-
tions to EPA by the manjfact jrers ; tne development of eniss'pns per'onr.ance
^nfc-na: ion by manuf acturers or EpA on trie basis of prototype vencle testing;
and tne review of these oata by EPA for the purpose of determining compliance
with standards. However, the potential air quality impact of improperly
certifying a vehicle is not wual for all manufacturers or engine families.
:atner, the air ouaHt.v risk, y stanoarcs as 'eauirec by the -nerqs Policy and
Conservation Act.
¦^351LE SOURCE PREPRCD'JCTIOS COMPLIANCE VEr.IFICATION
I?8C Accomplishments
The 1980 resources included $26,000 m contrjct "'ur.es for cata processing
and analytical Support of certification and fue' economy testing. Essentially
all manufacturers participatec voluntarily in the revised certi'ication pro-
cess. Only a ve-y few enc'ne families susoected of compliance oroblems
received the full EPA-di'ected review, rfsich saved resources for Doth manufac-
turers anc EPA.
A- 39
-------
C-'teria 'c the review of vehicles using electronic control systems,
wfKC" had undergone further re'inenent if 1979, we-e i-iolertentec. as were pa-
rameter adjustment regulations. The mode' year 1981 light duty vehicles (which
unde-wen* ce-ti *' cat 'on d'jr-inr this yea"} met more st-irgent emissions staniar.is
*or Z":, 'lZy an; evaporate hydrocarbons. !mpl ementat i ons of these tighter stan-
ca-ds ccmr' eted the -eoui-ed cnanses ir the Basic !'gn: cuty vehicle standarcs
'."¦oars'-,, as reouired by the Clean Air Act Amensneits o* 19?'.
Support to the Department of Transportation's fuel economy program re-
ceives a greater level of effort than in 19~'9. A high priority was placed
cr orocedural improvements aimed at assuring more reliable fuel economy values
aid on ar increased leve' o' testing tc assume improved compliance with fuel
economy standard; and tetter f'jc' economy ojplic information.
1931 ^rpgrar-.
;r 19S1, tne Aaoncy has allocated a total o* $l,929,30r and 4J permanent
wc''*r d**c^*"3~» z£ SI,^2**,300 *s S21 2^6$ Exr^^s^s
anc S102.00C • s for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control an; Com-
pliance appropriation. The mode' year 1932 certification process will
include for the *irst time implementation of a particulate standard 'or
l;cht duty vehicles. rinal n*gh altitude oerfomance adjustment ru'es will
lr the ares 0' 'je> econorv infomat'or., -evised -ecul at 10ns to improve
the representativeness of 'uel economy oata an.: 'evse the
-------
- A? "inC"«?2S8 C* $25,402 '"SSultS *ro"* CCSt 0* t*? 0CtO!>i 1 Sources S'andarcs and Guide''nes to
support increased need for contract 'unds 'n tne areas of inspection/maintenance
cnar;;tsr-;at' an , anc technology assessment.
- fteorocrafiru ng 5252,20C to Emission Testing, Analysis and Data Support
*or Standards, and Guidelines to reflect a reassessient of tne needs for AD»
anc other in-house contracts, as well as laboratory eauipment and supplies.
1962 Plan
The Agency requests a total of SZ.299,100 and 34 permanent wornvears for
tms progrsn, o' wr.icn $1.951,900 is for tne Salaries anc expenses appropriation
arc 5347,200 'or tne Aoatffient, Control and Conpliance aporopr:atior,. This 'S a
increase of $'.24,600 and S245.200 respectively, ano a decrease c' i oenanent
woritvears fror. 1931. Decreased workyears are required as a result of simplifi-
cation of tne certification process and closer interface with SEA and recall
activities, Out tnese program efficiencies requi-£ increases .ontract resources.
The model year 1982 certification program will include inplementation of
new stancards for lignt duty vehicles sold at nigh altitude. Cert; fication
of compliance with tne emission standards will continue at a reduced level.
!n aodition, a new set of procedures which reduce reporting and testing
-eoui rements -n oraer to expedite the certification process for small manufac-
turers of liort duty vehicles will Be implemented.
'.r tne 'jel economy area, data wil' be reviewed anc analyzed for potential
p-oalems Tiore efficiently as a result of improvements in sata nanalirn anc
-evew systems. Corporate average fuel economy ;CAFE; will oe deteT-.ned ano
transm'ttec to DOT. rue: economy laoels wi'5 oe aporovec anc tne 'uei econony
guise data wi'oe orovided to DOE.
Chanoe r'rpp January Request
Tms request represents a decrease of 5555,000 and 19 permanent worcvears
from tne January audget, of wmch $515,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and
S4C.000 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Tne decrease reflect changes
m the certification program.
Eu:es:?s testing. auv.vsis ano data su^osr =or ore product: on
ww- »/*•¦<»>» r:w.,' .ua; . J-»
192C AceompIisnments
193C resources included 5251 ,500 in contract funcs for support of emission
tesfng and data processing activities. Tnese resources supported laooratorv
anc aata processing activities associated with emission certification and 'uel
economy compliance.
1961 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of 51,707,300 ano 34 permanent
worcvears to this program, of which Sl.SS'.SOO is for Salaries and Expenses
ana S120,00C is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
-------
These resojrces provide for development o* special facilities for testing
ciesel veHcles, laboratory support for certification and fuel economy,
computer programming, and related administrative Support to trie certification
anc fuel economy programs,
1981 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
Tne net increase of S5.000 results from several actions, as follows:
. Shortly after tne 19S1 budget estimate was suomitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to the Budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $? million to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses, The reduction applied to this activity is $6,800.
- Tne Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $350,000; a decrease
o' $90? was app'ied to th^s activity.
- The Congress reduced aaer.cywSse consulting services by S3.8 mil
a dec-ease of >41,300 was applieo to this activity.
- An increase e* $21,500 'esults from the cost of the October 1980
pay raise and is included in a proposed suppleciental appropriation.
- Reproqrairmi ngs to support increased need for contract funds in
the areas of inspection/maintenance, characterization, and technology
assessment resulted in a transfer to Nobile Sources Standards and
Sidelines (-348,000),
- Reprogramming* to reflect a reassess.nent of the needs for ADP
and other in-house contracts, as well as laboratory eouipment and supplies
resulted in a transfer from Mobile Sources Standard and Guidelines ;S3Q,9CCS.
19S2 Plan
The Agency reouests a total of $1,325,300 and 26 permanent wore years for
this program, of which 51,625,200 is for tie Salaries and Expenses appropria-
te and S237.100 for the Aoatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
~ms represents an increase of S37,900 ano $117,10C respectively fror, 1981,
wrich wi'l se used primarily for improvements in the processing and analysis
or data used in the fuel economy and certification programs. Due tc stream":ned
operations in certification, reduced wort;years are required m support services
ano for confirmatory testing. More sophisticated data generation will be
needed as a result of revised fuel econony laoels and new types of testing,
These resources provioe both emissions and fuel economy testing. Cap.
ability for testing for compliance with the eni ssion standards for 1984 aodel
yea' heavy duty engines will be establisned. Correlation of the E°A test
facility with manufacturer's test facilities will oe established ano add- -
tiona1 correlation tests wi U be pe"fomed specifically for cases of suspected
or estaolisneo quality control problems.
Change grom January Request
This request represents a decrease of $288,000 and 8 permanent workyears
from the January budget, of wfiicn $231 ,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$7,100 is for Statement, Control and Compliance. The decrease reflects
reduction in support services and confirmatory testing as a result of
streamlined certification operations.
A~ 42
-------
Trends Monitoring ar.d Progress Assessnent
Asr-opriat'or
--oie'rt V * Qua' 1 ty
Vcnitorinq:
Salaries 2n? Exrenses...
Aoatenent, Control and
Conrl ance.
Mr Qui'"*;/ and Eniss'0?is
Data Analysis and 3r0grnSc
Assessment:
Sa'a-'es and Expenses....
"satenent, Control anc
Cc-nr-l i aice
"otal:
Salaries and Expenses....
-iate-.ent, Control and
C~~r!'ar;e
3?n>nen" 3osit1cns
I " _ I "¦ ¦ » ¦ I I Hf » -
voiert - ^ . ja • i :y
"'ci'tc'nc.•. • ••. • • •».
Cual'ty anfi Emissions
Cat a Analyses anc ^rocress
Assessne-it
Total
• -1 * - *.* ik* Ecu''val encv
-"C'ent -.1 ¦* ,ja i * ty
Von-1?rinc
:i» C-al-ty and £?.:$$ions
Cata Ara'ys'S an; 3rocr»ss
Assessment
Tota'
Sud-iot Current Increase *
".ct-al Estinate Estimate Est ".-.ate Decrease -
'93C '931 :5;' -J;- 10r; vS_ -.g:-
.aci.ars in tnousancs:
52,533 $2,38? SZ.516 S2.9?5 -$409
58 32C 151 311 »130
1,625 1,496 1,396 1,506 -209
2^1 930 *33"T 10<1
4,153 3,383 3,912 4,530 -6;?
311 510 TS 503 -^r
4,463 4,493 -,-590 5 .033 -543
78
36
1 14
34
1 16
11:
39
43
The Agency "-eouests a total 06 5,032,70C and 116 oemanent worVyears for 1332 ,
and increase o* S54C.S00 and one worKyear fron 1981. Include? in t^rs total is
S4,529,90C for tne Salaries and Exoenses aporoprietion and S502.30C for the Atwitement,
Control and Co-to1, - ance appropriation, and increase 5613,400 ^nd a decrease of
S^S.sOC -escectively. Resource sh-'tc oriiarilv reflect increased oayro'" costs.
-------
program Jescrlption
This suDactivity covers wor». related tc monitoring ambient air quality, aetermin-
ing source emissions, analyzi^o the'" r«'ationsntps anc assessing the orog'ess made
toward tne attainment of environment goals.
AnPient Air Quality VonitC'inc • Activity ir tn>s prograr- includes:
EPA's management anc overview of state amoient air Quality monitoring networks,
associated laooratory and field quality assurance activities and tne implementation of
air monitoring strategies as delineated in 40 CFR S3; 2) tne coordination of regional
and State 'ield investigation activities for collecting ambient air quality samples,
for subsequent sample analysis and related quality confol; 3} tne management of source
e~';s:ors aetcninat1 cs, and tn? necessary -.anagement and coordination 'or ensj-'ng
timely storage sni validation of aata obtained f-or. tne first tnree activities.
Air Quality Emissions Data Analysis and Progress Assessments - Major activities
include national managenent of regional of*"ice, State anc 1 ocal ambient monitoring
programs anc issuance of ievt'-?vse; -ecalato^y 'equi rements and related tecnmca'
aj:3Sice; active ove'S'.ght of tne National Air Hon'tonng Stations 'NAMS) to ensure
continuing conformance witn a'." 'eaulatory crite'ia anc aaeouacv of NA*S data for
proc'ess assessments anc management decisions; ooe'ations of systems for storing,
retrieving and analyzing amoient air quality ana emission aata; development ano
implementation of systems to meet user requi rements, and preparation of trencs analyses
and related air quality and emission progress assessments for policy evaluation anc
development anc tc meet puolic information needs.
a ir ;ja.:~* vt;:t?f.;v3
' Accomplishments
~he 1930 resources included S5~.60P in contract funos for quality assurance aud-ts
anc equipment maintenance. The implementation of the air monitoring strategy tnrougr
ic-• evement a* tie reao". 'enents of a." ;?=. 58 we; tne ma;c activity c-jrinc 'm. "ne
'egulatorv reauirements a'e to oe pr.asec -n over j five year pe''oc Degiini"o '« i?'?
anc enainc i r, Negotiations with States were canfletec for def mine tie State
local 41' monitoring stations •; S-AMS) network needed for Si? purposes ana ,mcti S..A"!i
wouic canpnse tne national network neeceo primarily for national trends and progress
assessments.
'ne regions continued the:' program cf on-site visits to 'eview nor:to'ing stafons
fo- conformance to E3A siting standards and to roview laboratories for proper operating
proceaures ana quality contra",.
A new orogran for auditing State qua'ity assurance orocedures for ae'imng tne
qual'ty 3' ampient data supmittea to EP' was beuun ir 1980. Information Ton this
procrarr will provide data use'; »: tn a erect on tne States' capabilities of generatinc
orecsion and accuracy statements, jata Pase aevelopment fo' :9?2 0j SIC revisions was
in:tiatec.
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1991 ?rcar«~
in 1981, the Aqercy has allocated a tat a' of 52,696,700 and 31 permanent wo-kyears
to this o«-ograa, of wtiicr $2,516,600 is for Salaries and Expenses ard $181,100 1 s for
ett-jrurji curooses -jnd ~>eet'ne data needs for* fe'ds assess-Tent,
ccrirl-.ance evaluation, SI5 development and evaluation. This evaluation and review ;s
done on a network basis ana on-site at individual noni tori rc stations.
The quality assurance orocram includes three basic functions: Quality assurance
audits State monitor-.nc systems, coordination of State data quality assessments,
and validation of all NAUS data for adequacy and timeliness. srocrans to validate SLAVS
data iron critical sites wil' be initiated. Assistance in sceciaf data collection efforts
will be provided for the cone!ex ohotochemcal dispersion swaelino used in 1982 ozone S'.3
devel ?o->eit. Recrons will also actively particioate tn data collection efforts >n all
cities where trajectory models are reouired for the 1932 submittals and in data base
develotment in large urbar areas for particulate control strategies.
will provide nanaawwt and coordination with States to ensure tnat necessary
State emission inventories are submitted and stored in the national oata 3?.nr 'N£05'..
Th-s ;s necessary to ensure that soecial analyses for individual mnattain.nent st*ategy
oroo'.rns can be undertaken. Regions will particioate in oer'omance audits of t he i *
1 aboratories, orovide rtswse to emergency soil Is a' air episodes, and overview source
cterated •nonlto'inc networks in controversy' PSC or energy source sitings.
I??1 E»"lanatlor of Chances Budoet Est'-.ate
The net decrease c' S10. .'CO results 'ron seve-a" actions, as fol'ows:
0UB Bulietir Ja-tua'v 24, 19?1, "riscal Year "981 Travel '.eduction",
'eouired >oencyw.
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in 3 decrease of $7 million to E°A's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
app'ie:: to this activity is $15,100.
The Congress reduced agencywiae consulting services Dy $3.2 nil lion; a decrease
of 525,700 was applied to this activity.
At increase of $36,200 results fran the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
s.eprogra.7\ming to realign salary and related costs to meet on-ooard needs
resulted in a net transfer of -$iO2,70O from air quality management
implementation (S23.500); from water quality enforcement ($71,100); to
stationary source enforcement (-31 .300); to State programs regulations and
ouidelines (-$7,600); and from municipal waste treatment facility construction
($15,900).
Reprogramming of $13,100 to air quality nanagement implementation to support
an interagency agreement.
Re programming of $4,300 tc amb'ent water quality monitoring to realign contract
funds.
Regional reprogrammings resulted 'n a net decrease o' -$14,200.
P.eprogramning of S12.S00 to air quality management implementations to provide
for the services of a meteorologist through an interagency agreement with N0AA.
deprogramming of $22,900 to hazardous waste management 'egulatory strategy
imp!ementation to provide for sample analysis of naza-dous materials.
Reprogrammi ngs to support the air quality monitoring progran resulted ?
fan; fer of $37,200 -ram energy review and permitting • $12,100); from no'se regional
prcg'a"'. implementation ($31,300); and from stationary source enforcement ($43,300'.
deprogramming of $54,000 to air quality management implementation tc
support SIP activities in the areas of technical review, certification
review, and docket control.
Reprogramming of S20.3CC from ai- qua'lity management implementation to provide
for the funding of an interagency agreement.
Rerrogrimming of $11,900 to noise -ecional program implementation to suoport
tne Senior Environmental Employment 3rogram.
Reprogramming of $8,200 to energy review and permitting tc support an interagency
agreement meteorologist from N0AA.
deprogramming of $32,000 to public systems supervision program assistance tc
realigr contract funds.
1952 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $3,235,600 and 32 permanent workyears for this
program, of wtiicn $2,925,100 is for the Salaries anc Expenses appropriation and
$310,500 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reflects an
increase of S409.500 and $129,400 respectively with one more woricvear, and reflects
reprogrammi ng in both 1951 and and 1932 for increased payroll costs. The program of
overview and management of States monitoring programs will continue.
A- 46
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Regional Offices wi' i evaluate and review State monitor-no networks for con'cmance
to E?A .-ecu'.ations. pe-form quality assurance audits of State monitoring systems an:
performance audits of selected NAMS monitors, validate ano coordinate tne timely
-eoortmg anc storage of air quality data to E?A aata Danns, prepare air Quality
src''!es, ana ¦esDord to air ene-gencv eoisodes o- soil's. Necessa-v ;ocr3ination
fo- 'ihalatjle particulate data collection will be provided. SLA^S monitonnc sites
located in primary non-attainment areas will Pe evaluated for conformance tc E"A
regulations, as will monitoring networcs for 0SC or energy conversion sources.
Quality assurance audits of large local agency mon'toring sytems will oe conducted.
Change From January Request
Tlis request represents a decrease o' S20.200 from trie January Dudget all of
wmcn is from Salaries anc Expenses, anc reflects reductions in t^i.e! ceiling.
A!P. O'JAL.'T* AND £r:SSIONS DATA ANALYSIS AND ^CGaESS ASSESSMET
1 ?8C Accomplishments
1930 resources included 5233,200 in contract funds to support assessment of
environment*? trends and modification of SAMS Information Syster to pe-mit direct
user access to data. Major program emphasis included national management of State/
local air monitoring programs, including periodic assessment of compliance with
regulatory citeria and issuance of new/revised regulations and technical guidance;
ove-sight of NA1S through comprehensive on-site audits, maintenance a' detailed
information pa se, interaction with Regional O'fice Coordi r.ators, anc issjance of
se'iodi; reports; operation anc jpdatmg c* iP-'i natipna' air jata systems, t-air'rg
anc consu'tatio- fcr system jse-s, screeninc of current NAMS cata ans identifying r.:
-•soivine anomalies ir n':torical NA"S data; numerous special air quality anc emission
3-a'yses tc suopo—. coii:> ans regulation evaluation and oeve' op-ient; duplication o'
annual a'r qua'ity trends and emission statistics and reports; Support for ["A develooe
cats systems installed -n 3E State, local agencies; and development o' a new air svster
designed tc Pe resoons've to State, local and EBA jser requirements.
A cont-nu-nq program to oerforr. comprehensive audits at t selected sample of
NAVS was initiated with on-site visits at 329 monitors, bindings fron tnese
audits serve as a primary source of oata for assessment of HAMS ano provide clear
documentation for the corrective actions needed to comply with EPA criteria. New soft-
ware and related procedures >*-.)ch can display cata graphical !y are oeinc cevelooed anc
mace availaple to States, "he preparation o' a user -equipments -eport, technical
feasibility study and cost approximation study for the ne»> system were completed.
rmal designation of ail NAMS was completed for most o' the almost 1 .30C monito-s
estimated tc oe reoui-ec and should De concluded in 1?$1. Population exposure metnocs
fo- carbon monoxide are oemg developed and tested and preparation of a strategy was
oegun for tne optimum use of axoient and sou-ce monitoring anc rooels. Regulations to
revise monitoring regulations ,'Pjrt 53; to include lead were proposed.
1g?l Prooram
!n 1981. the Agency has allocated a total of $1 ,793,200 and 34 permanent workyears
to this program, of which SI,396,900
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the E°A-developed systems installec in 3$ state/1 oca' aae.'cies, assistance an c fiir?;
services wi 11 De continued ana systens will be upgraded a,.: ^od'fiea th-oucr software
packages to oe di stributea to jsers.
•*djor efforts will be continued to oversee the impleirtentation of EPA's 'evised ai"
quality survei V.ance regulations. Comorehensive on-site audits for an additional 250 NAPS
*»<' l oe conducted to assess ccnp'iance with the regulations. °roceaures will be devel oped
to 'im precision ana accuracy vaijes to NAKS oata, and incorporating tnese into nafor.a.
tre
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ana data validation), .•namtain s-te information base on NA*S, ana prepare
oe-iodic written assessments af the status a? NAMS sites and data relative to r»gu-
la tory c n teri a.
Pesutts of cur-ent "'forts to develop improved a*r quality indicators will ce
sua'ished ana incorporates into national ai~ aubl ications ; co^arehensive, on-s'te
a-rts it selectec SA"3 wil l as oc'foixietf, anc sosci 'ications 'c so*tware ar>c data
aase -anagener.t systems for a new a-:r data syste- will ae developed.
Additional activities include: develop ana evaluate statistical air quality
nodels; prepare and publish trenas analyses of selected non-criteria polljtants;
prepare guidance to implement new air monitoring strategy and redesign non-criteria
pollutant monitoring network; prepare operating instructions and training materials
fcr data base management systems, and actively support users of tne Comprehensive Data
Hare!ing System througn improved software, troubleshooting and training services, etc.
"nance "rci^ January Request
Tnis request represents a decrease of S7 .700 frsr. the January auaget all of which
"i 'ro- Abote^ent, Control and Compliance. There is no significant effect on tne
program.
A- 4&
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Stationary Source Enforcement
Actual
1930
Buoget
Est itnate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1 Q? 7
Increase
Decrease
1982 vs.
(do'
1 lars in t
housands)
Appropriation
Stationery Source
Enforcement:
Salaries and Expenses....
Abatement, Control and
Comoliance
$13,263
11,356
$13,736
1C.697
$14,029
10,009
SI 6,101
9,341
-2,072
-168
Total
24.619
24,433
24,036
25,942
~1.904
Remanent Positions .......
444
471
*<2 >
4"*3
-3c
full-tine Eauivalency
487
507
472
507
-35
Budget °ecuest
The Agency -eouests c total of 25,941,700 and 473 jernanent workyears in 19S2. an
increase of SI,904,200 and 36 permanent wonsyears from 1981. Included in this tota-
ls $15,100,500 for Salaries h Expenses and 39,841,200 for Abatement, Control anc Como"1 i
ance, with an increase of S2,072,000, ana a dec-ease of S167.EOO, "-espect-veVv.
3rogran Description
The Stationary Source Air Enforcement program :s aesignea to elective'y 'jti'ize
the enforcement authorities provioed by the Clean Air Act, as amended "r. IP7", to
ensure tnat all sources comply with requirements o* State Implementation -lans {S'.Q$}-,
that new stationary air sources are constructed in accordance wit" sool icable New
Source Review (NSfi}, New Source Performance Standards -NSPS), ana Oreventio* of 3ioni*<
cant Deterioration (PSD) provisions; that new ana existing sources suC.-ect to tne
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air 3ollutants ("ESKA^Si neet hazardous ai-
oc'-utant stanearos: and that relevant provisions of the ?ower Plant and Indust-ial
Fuel Jse Act cf 1973 are implemented.
Tne major concentration of the stationary source air enforcement procrara efforts
has oeen the .najor source enforcement effort (•»S£t) initiated in 1975. E3A initiated
tnis accelerated enforcement agamst major stationary source violators wmch had never
come <".tc initial compliance with aoolicable requirements o* the Clear Air Act anc the
C'ear Water Act. The stationary source enforcement program is continuing -'ts oar: o*
tne MSEE oy deve1 ocino and concluding, through settlement ana 5 ligation, cases aoamst
large stationary source violators and by ensuring compliance by closely tracking source
coma1;ance scnedutes, generally incorporatec in judicial consent oec-ees.
A major element o* this srogran*s responsibility is the inplementation of certain
new regulations under the Clean Air Act. The noncompliance penalty regulations under
Sect'on 12C, £or which implementation began on January t _ 1931, create a oositive
incentive for compliance for many major sources in violation. Regulations are 4'so
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Seng '^d'e^entec under Sect 1 or 119 of the Act, relatinc tc ' ssuance adn-nstrative
oraers t; piimary nonfer-ous shelters for the control of sulfur oxide omissions. The
Snei*:°r orcer program should accelerate the mpvement toward compl lance for the sne^er
* ^d'JSt rv.
Fjrthe*-, there wiH be an expanded commitment to develor a coxprenens•ve strategy
•r cocreratior wth '.he States to »"5t:ro continuous CT^r'^ance by stationary sources.
'Jnt'l this crocrarn car be fal 'y implemented, E°A w 11 ensure cr?' iance through support
c* a r.'Ofic cont i rueus er>* ss^0"t ~on~ tr^'nc pr^grj-n.
Z~'~ assists State air enforcement efforts by supporting State cortro' aaenc'es
tnrouon control aaency grants, an; p_v providing special-zed skill and expertise and
scecia' contractual assistance. £°® will take the primary enforcement role with respect
to selected sources when the States cannot or will not enforce.
1930 Accomplishments
As cf December 1980. EPA nac initiated 356 civs 1/criminal actions against air sta-
tionary "io-rc? facilities and conc'usec 2f of these cases. Severa" ~z'or a,r pollution
coit'3: aoreements were concluded flur-na 193C. mclud;ng settlements wth steel firms
anc oower" plants. which will s"gnir,cant1y reduce sul'u- dioxide and particulate w s-
s". ons.
Ourtno lQi?C, EpA prowl oate? *"e«iul at ions wMch establ'sn oroceflures by which -'i
and states will assess and collect ncic^-ip1 ¦ a~.ce penalties j"der Section 120 tne
S'ean Air Act. The regulations also set forth the means by wnich tne States may assume
celegat'on of the nonccmpliance penalty program. Further, regulations were prenylgated
which establish the substantive requirements of initial orni'v nonferrous smelter
orders (NS'js) issued under Section 119 of the Clean air Act and the procedures to be
used m ;ssu"rg those NSGs. E°A and States have already rece'vea. and are currently
•""viewing, many letters o' intent and acr! i cat ions *cr NSCs.
"or 19BC, planned contract expend*tures wore $11.25s,DOC includes S4.9SA.00C cor
enforcement case support. S4.5-0,000 for compliance monitoring and '^e'd surve-11 ar.ce,
S-*5^.000 T'or reciona' data system support; S1.27S.COO fc ••eg'onal ircustr-al stupes
support.
1981
•n 19?'.. the Agency has allocated a total of *24.03"7.500 and 43'' permanent wori>
years for this orogram. of which S14.028.500 's for Salaries and Expenses anc $10,009,000
is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Confol and Compliance appropriation.
Ou^'ng 1981, concluding the renainmq cases on the MSEE list as ••apidly as possible
will be a very important objective. Once a case is concluded, the cosipl4ance schedule
o- consent decree must be tracked closely until the source is confirmed as beinc ir,
compliance.
A1 so. i3- wi'i inclement Sect-or 120 by assur-nc that evidence zf volatior -"o-
ma"or source violates is cu-rent and complete. anc proceed with the 'ssuance o* nofces
anc the concuct of adjudicatory hear-.nqs wne-e necessarv. Anotner substantial effort
will De E3A support of continuous emissions monitoring programs wnich wi'l ensure
continuous compliance by stationary sources of air pollution. Other important act'vi-
ties during 1991 will be the issuance of new source oemits jnder the prevention of
significant deterioration (PSD) program, with particular attention to expeditious
-------
Seng '^d'e^entec under Sect 1 or 119 of the Act, relatinc tc ' ssuance adn-nstrative
oraers t; piimary nonfer-ous shelters for the control of sulfur oxide omissions. The
Snei*:°r orcer program should accelerate the mpvement toward compl lance for the sne^er
* ^d'JSt rv.
Fjrthe*-, there wiH be an expanded commitment to develor a coxprenens•ve strategy
•r cocreratior wth '.he States to »"5t:ro continuous CT^r'^ance by stationary sources.
'Jnt'l this crocrarn car be fal 'y implemented, E°A w 11 ensure cr?' iance through support
c* a r.'Ofic cont i rueus er>* ss^0"t ~on~ tr^'nc pr^grj-n.
Z~'~ assists State air enforcement efforts by supporting State cortro' aaenc'es
tnrouon control aaency grants, an; p_v providing special-zed skill and expertise and
scecia' contractual assistance. £°® will take the primary enforcement role with respect
to selected sources when the States cannot or will not enforce.
1930 Accomplishments
As cf December 1980. EPA nac initiated 356 civs 1/criminal actions against air sta-
tionary "io-rc? facilities and conc'usec 2f of these cases. Severa" ~z'or a,r pollution
coit'3: aoreements were concluded flur-na 193C. mclud;ng settlements wth steel firms
anc oower" plants. which will s"gnir,cant1y reduce sul'u- dioxide and particulate w s-
s". ons.
Ourtno lQi?C, EpA prowl oate? *"e«iul at ions wMch establ'sn oroceflures by which -'i
and states will assess and collect ncic^-ip1 ¦ a~.ce penalties j"der Section 120 tne
S'ean Air Act. The regulations also set forth the means by wnich tne States may assume
celegat'on of the nonccmpliance penalty program. Further, regulations were prenylgated
which establish the substantive requirements of initial orni'v nonferrous smelter
orders (NS'js) issued under Section 119 of the Clean air Act and the procedures to be
used m ;ssu"rg those NSGs. E°A and States have already rece'vea. and are currently
•""viewing, many letters o' intent and acr! i cat ions *cr NSCs.
"or 19BC, planned contract expend*tures wore $11.25s,DOC includes S4.9SA.00C cor
enforcement case support. S4.5-0,000 for compliance monitoring and '^e'd surve-11 ar.ce,
S-*5^.000 T'or reciona' data system support; S1.27S.COO fc ••eg'onal ircustr-al stupes
support.
1981
•n 19?'.. the Agency has allocated a total of *24.03"7.500 and 43'' permanent wori>
years for this orogram. of which S14.028.500 's for Salaries and Expenses anc $10,009,000
is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Confol and Compliance appropriation.
Ou^'ng 1981, concluding the renainmq cases on the MSEE list as ••apidly as possible
will be a very important objective. Once a case is concluded, the cosipl4ance schedule
o- consent decree must be tracked closely until the source is confirmed as beinc ir,
compliance.
A1 so. i3- wi'i inclement Sect-or 120 by assur-nc that evidence zf volatior -"o-
ma"or source violates is cu-rent and complete. anc proceed with the 'ssuance o* nofces
anc the concuct of adjudicatory hear-.nqs wne-e necessarv. Anotner substantial effort
will De E3A support of continuous emissions monitoring programs wnich wi'l ensure
continuous compliance by stationary sources of air pollution. Other important act'vi-
ties during 1991 will be the issuance of new source oemits jnder the prevention of
significant deterioration (PSD) program, with particular attention to expeditious
-------
issuance of energy-related permits, -ssuance of Section 119 o-'-iarv non-ferrous
smelter orders, responses to any Section HOC) energy emergencies, issuance of Section
113(d)(5) delayed compliance orders due to coal conversion, and continued enforcement
o* NS?S and NESHAPS.
Planned contract funds for 1981 total $10,009,000. Activities planned for these
funds include S4.754.300 for enforcement case development, $*,053,600 for compliance
snnitor'ng and field surveillance, S3CC.700 for regional industrial, techical, and
economic studies, and $400,400 for regional data systea support. An increase *n the
rate cnaroed ov contractors has resulted in a more limited contractor suopor* program,
wnc?< is "-e'lected in cart in the reduction in the projected number of overview inspec-
tions which are accomplished largely by contactors.
1981 Explanation of Chance from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of 5395,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- ™B Sullent'i <31-7, January 24. 1981 "Fiscal Year 1931 Travel Seduction", re-
quired agencywide reduction to travel; the total reduction of SI.7?5,90C ;s
beino used to fund personnel compensation and benefits {'CSB) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $65,500.
- CMS Bulletin <81-S Janauary 24, 1931, "Reductions is -iscal ¥ear i??1 Consulting
and Related Services", required a total reduction of 51,794,200 tc consulting
services; the reduction aoolied to this activity is 530,900, which is to be
rescinded,
- 0M3 Bulletin #31-9, January 30, 1981. "Yoratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equioment", required agencywide reductions to eouioment; the total reduction
of 5421,000 is beinc used to fund DCSB deficits. The reduction aoplied to
this activity •s S2.500.
- An internal agencywide reduction of 56,550,000 to eouipment cost is being made
m order ;o fund PCSE deficits, the reduction applied to this activity is
$152,400.
- An -nternal agencywide reduction of 51.790.300 to other ccntrjcturjl services
is being made in order to fund ?CSB deficits; the reduction anolied to this is
522,300.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropria-
tion Act. 1981. permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations.
This one oercent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from the
"esearch and Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appreciations
to the Salaries and Expenses app-ooriation in order to fund °CS8 defic-ts; the
reduction applied to this activity is 5245,300.
- Agencywide increase are reouired in order to fund trie ?C5B deficits; the increase
apolied tc this activity is 5 565,400.
- Shortly after the 1981 oudaet estimate was submitted. President Carter transmit-
ted revision to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in
a decrease of 57 million to EP4"s reauest for Salaries and Expenses. The reduc-
tion applied to this activity is 533,700.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by 5850,000; a decrease o* 551,700
was apolied to this activity.
A-52
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The Concresr reduced jge"cvw - de consu*t'"c services bv S3.3 million, i decea se
c* <90.50- was applied tr *h1 s activity.
The Congress applied a aeie^a' "•efluction cf $7.5 nil lion to the Abatement, Con-
trc1 and "onril iance appropr'at'cii; e decease c* $310,600 was applied to this
activity.
- The Congress reduced aaencywide Semor Executive Service bonuses by $750,000;
a decrease o* $22,500 was applied to this activity.
''he Ccrgr°ss ^educed acencvwide AD^ services bv $2 iiillion; a dec**6ase c* $46,^00
was aopl'ed '.o th*s activity.
- An increase of $204,500 results from the ccst of the October 1930 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Seprogrammings of +$423,000 to realign salary and related costs to meet on-
board needs resulted in transfers from air Quality management imol ementation
($82,300); from water Quality enforcement {$271,300); from standards anc regu'a-
t; frotn cuM ic systems suoerv'sior progran assistance 'S2S.iC0;;
to rec;onal counsel ($t,300); fro- ambient air aua'-ty monitoring '$1,300); to
water aua'Uy permit issuance (530,300); from air cualitv management implemen-
tation ($12,000;; from state programs regulations and guidelines ($20,000);
from snvi '•onner.tJ1 eme"~ency response and prevention ($9,-00), fron jncont ro11 ed
hazardous waste sites ($20,000), and to mooile source enforcement (SI,700;.
A transfer of $8°,.900 was made to the Adnin-'strative taw Judges to proviae addi-
tional '•esources to support a new program 'or instituting civil non-compl iance
penalfes under Section 120 cf the Clean Air Act.
- ">ansfer $204,900 to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites within the Office o£
Enforcement to provide 3 'eve! o' fund-nc consistent with prior year's exoen-
ence.
- Transfer $123,500 to pest-cides enforcement within the Office of Enforcement to
support grant activities.
"r»nsfer $42,?00 to amb'ent air ouaHty monitoring.
t- transfer of $50,700 was made to the radiafion media *n order to support the
Radiation 3olicy Counc;l.
Transfer $43,100 t.o air aualitv management implementation to support S;c activi-
ties lr the areas of technical review, cert: f icat 'on >-eview and docket control.
Transfer $1,900 to toxic substances enforcen«nt for -CB compliance inspections
and °C5 and asbestos lab analysis.
T-ansfer $5,000 to toxic substances enforcement to realign contract funds.
1982 °1an
The Agency reguests a total of $25,941,700 for this program, of which $16,100,500
is #or the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $9,841,200 is for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $2,072,000, and a decrease of
$167,300, respectively. The najenty o' tnese resources will be used to bring major
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violators of Slps, NSPS. and NESHAPs regulations >nto comrlianc? through the use o*
Section 112 and Section 120 provisions as well as to respond to the increase 4n compli-
ance monitoring 'inspections, emissions monitoring, and civil ./criminal actions initiated.
The tiajcr source enforcement effort w 1! conclude most of the cases 'nitiatec by
settlement or litigation in 1931. ""Tierefore, the workload associated with the VSEE
in 1932 will prinar'iy be in trackinc and !aor»?tOr"ing the hundreds o* compliance sched-
ules ''or these sources.
!r order to orevent repression from the siani^icant levels of conpllance achieved
by stationary sources, E°A 's greatly increasing its efforts at ensunno continued
cpmoMance ay sources which have achieved initial compliance with air Quality regula-
tions. E?A will be working with the States to develoc a long-term comprehensive nation-
al strategy that will ensure that sources operate and maintain their control equipment
and follow other compliance measures properly. This strategy will identify industries
that will be focused upon initially, and will identify appropriate enforcement tools
to handle continuous compliance actions. Since this effort is oriented towards a
KrC2l! , SC^jt'wT ^ D ft ^ 11 r Q ' q.ja *¦ r> »ho
creatly 'ncreas'nc cct-'nuotss e~i ss'ons monitor*nr ('fv* data validation and "ntiatiic
enfo-ce->ent jctions based on ZV. data. CE" i s expected to be a significant elegit ir
the long-term strategy and expanded experience with ZV- enforce.ment tecnniques is
C'ticai ;n the inter;n.
Our'no 1982, the Section 120 noncompliance penalty program will continue to be im-
plemented. This orogran should be an effective .method for creating incentives for
compliance. EPA will also continue 'mo" ementation of the primary non'errous snelter
order (NSO) program under Section 119 of the Clean Air Act. Any snelter -eceiving an
NSO is permitted to defer compliance with the sul'ur dioxide emission limitation tc
which 't is subject under an app1'cable SIP. Initial NSOs "nav extend through Januarv
1. 1952. a Sine Its'* that receives a Section 119 o^ae*- will pe placed on a compliance
procrar whicn includes interim controls, and a research and devel oontent proca"1 to
investigate md demonstrate control methods that ore econcmica" 1 v arc* techno" ic pa1 ' v
"easib'o. - ma.;or ef"p-t dur"ng 19S2 will be ~X)r~ to1"' no the cotp", i ance programs and
-ho -esearch anc development programs of these smelters.
The Agency wi'1 continue tc encourage delegation of resoonsiM'^t/ *'or 'SE c-e*~i't-
tmg and enforcement cf NSPS reculafons to the States. ED1 wil' -'oc.-s "ts attention
on review p* and assistance to State programs and. where necess3ry. •nifafnc enforce-
ment actions aga'nst sources net possessing new source permits or constructing 'n
violation of permit requirements.
Enforcement of NESHADS regulations for vnyl chloride, asbestos, be"y! 11 urn and mer-
cury wil1 continue tc be a h-gh pr'ority of this program. !n addition, new standards
-o1" benzene storaae, ethyl styrene and malaeic anhydride will be pronjlgated m 1932,
and £pa will have tc initiate a prpgrjn to 'eview waive"" reouests.
Ar. area of important attention is the relationship and balance between envi"-onn>en-
tal and enc^y concerns, "he -owe*" °lant and Industrial Fue' jse Act of '.5*: I Fiji;
.irohiD'ts. witr exemptions, new oower plants and new major fuel aurninc -nsta1 "ations
~rp~, using natu-al gas cr petrol e'jn as a primary energy source. Exempt 'onp car be
grantee by the Department o' Energy fOOE! wnere environmental retirements could .not
be met if coal ' s burned as the pr-stary energy source. EPA must work with DOS to
ensure that these new sources are constructed in accordance with applicable environmen-
tal requirements and will continue tc expedite issuance of energy-related DSD permits.
A- 5i
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if* ado5 Von, certa:r ®xistinc '?ower ants having the techfca! caoafcil *ty to use coal
nay se reau'red to ccnvort r'J-\. UDOr convcs ion. ties1; so'-i^nc w'11 st"'" iav°
to meet environmental standards, n"sc. as Dart of EPA's eneray-related croarams. EDi
wi 1' rrovide cuict and thcrcus*- •"es3onses these t'jat ions. inc'ud'ic 'ssuance
<;ect • or 11 ? > d' ' 5 de" 3yec c * aice
Contract *unds ^quested in 19S2, totaling $9,341,200 include S5.000,000 *or
ent'c-cenent case develoonent. $4.14".500 ';r cDtrl;ance non-'torim and f'e'd su^ve'l'-m
S24t,600 co- regiona" industrial technical and eccno.-iic stddies. $450.OCC far data sup-
port.
Change frpn janua-v Request
^h's request represents a decrease o* $1,045,300 and 25 oeT.anent wo^yea-s f^on
the January budget, all of which is for salaries and expenses. As a result 0' this
decrease, we will rely more heavily on voluntary source data to obtain experience with
utilization of continuous emssion oonitoring techniques, in the develooment of a
long-term national continuous compliance strategy during '.932.
-------
MoEile Source Enforcement
Appropriation
Mos-le Source Enforcement:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control and
Coapli ance
~otal
-\>nori * ^OS*t%C?nS. •••••••
Full-t'me Equivalency
Sudget Current Increase -
Actual Estimate Estimate Est mate Decease -
1980 19S1 '931 1932 1932 vs. 7981
• dollars in thousands)
$4,035
53,383
54,599
S3,854
-$745
2,817
2,967
2,810
2.483
-327
6.35;
6,950
7,409
6,337
-1.072
115
'.1?
!1-
100
-1 7
157
152
159
123
-26
Sudcet Request
The Agency requests a total of So,236,900 and 100 permanent workyea^s for 1932, a
decrease of S1 ,072.000 and 17 workyears from 1991. Included in this total 'S $2,354,300
for Salaries and Expenses and S2,482,600 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, with a
decrease of $744,700 and $327,300, respectively.
3rccr3n Qqscr ¦; rti c
The -ioiMe source erforcenent program -< directed ortnar'ly towards achieving comr-l iance
wth -rotor vericle emission stanca^ds and fuels -ecj' afons. Tne major goa1S and objectives
are to ;'} assume that new vehicles meet emission standards; '21 assure that vehicles meet
emission standards in-use; (3) assure that emission control systems are not removes or -enao-ed
•nooe-ative; '4} assure control of hydrocarbon emissions during aasnlme transfer operations,
'Z) assure that harmful additives are removed frox. gasoline; [6} administer California fue'
anc emission waivers; (71 administer the emission warranties; and (1) assure compliance with
emissions inspection/maintenance il/Ml requirements and vehicle miles traveled (VMT? measures.
1?SC Accomplishments
!" 19?C, tne moS'le source enforcement program continued to car<-_v ou» its resuonsibi 1 ifes
under "Title ! anc Title '.I of the Clean Air Act by emphasizing programs aimed at 'educ'ic the
failure of vehicles to meet emission standards, in 192C, tne mobile source enforcement program
'ssuec 32 selective enforcement test oroers to manuf acturers to test vehicles on the asse^p'y
\ ns •
Recall investigations numbered 51 resulting in the recall of 1,146,'CC venicles. Manu-
facturers' production compliance procedures were enforced Py conducting I * audits. Tne
tampering and fuel switching provisions were enforced by oerforming 731 new car dealership
inspections, 893 *leet tamoering/ fuel switching inspections, and 408 comnerical repair faci-
lity inspections.
A total of 22,237 fuels inspections were conducted to assure compliance with the St3ge I
vapor recovery, unleaded, and octane disclosure provisions. A survey of 3,290 vehicle refuel -
mas was also conducted to determine the rate at wnich vehicles requiring unleaded gascl;ne
are bemg fuele: with leaced gasoline. Results indicate that a rate of 5-10 percent fuel
switches is occurring.
^proximately S 2,3"i7. 2C0 in contract funds were obligated m "?3C in support of the above
program activities.
* ZC
M-DC
-------
19?1 5rcqran
in 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $',408,900 to th»s aroaram, of w^ich
$4,£99.300 is for Salines and -xoeises and S2.809,900 is for extramjra' cursoses u«om the cost of the October '9S0 pay "-aise and -s •nc'ude
in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogranmi nc of $51,100 to hazardous waste enforcement, to p-ovide a level of ''jndinc
consistent with prior year's experience.
- 0MS Bulletin *81-7, Janauary 24, 19S1, "fiscal Year 1931 Travel deduction", require:
agencywide -eductions to travel; the total 'eduction of SI,795,900 •$ being jsed to 'jnd per-
sonnel compensation and benefits !?CiBx deficits, "he reduction applied to th*s activ;tv
is $31.200.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made in order
to fund DC$B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $82,600.
- ~r, internal agencywide reduction of $1,190,90C to other contractual services "S being
made in order to fund °C4B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $8,300.
- Tne Department of Housing and Urban Oevelopment-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one percent
autnor'tv is being implemented by transferring funds £ror. the Research and Development anr.
the Abatement, Control and Compliance acnropr-; >tions to the Salar-es and Expenses arrropr-a-
tion in oroer to fund 'CJB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $59,'CO.
- Agencywide increases are recuired m order to fund the PCSE deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $723,500.
- Transfer of S19-4,100 from air stationary source enforcement ($1,700) and from water
quality permit issuance ($192,400) to realign t>CS5 costs.
-------
- Snct'y after tne '931 ouoget esfmate was submiitted, 'res'dent Ca"te~ transniteed rev--
5*ons -0 the budget (House Docunent 95-2?4•; these revisions respites in a decrease or"
S' million to E^A's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity
is S 22 .1 03.
- "The Congress reduced agencywide travel ensts by SS50.Q00; a decrease of S13,200 was
applied to this activity.
- Tne Congress ••educed agencywide consulting services !>y S3.5 million; 4 decrease 0' $43,'C
was apo'iiec to th's activity.
- Tne Congress applied 3 general reduction 0* >7.5 million to the Abatement, Control and
Conpl;ance appropriation; a decrease of S3?,500 was aoplied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a decrease
of SI,600 was applied to this activity.
- "*>!» ConT-ess reri'iced acenpywide ADP services by S2 million; a decrease of S1 3.200 was
appMed to th;s activity.
'922 5ljn
The Agency reouests a total of $6,336,900 and 100 permanent workyears for this orcgra-i,
of wmcr 53,354,330 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 52.482,600 is for the
ASitener.t, Control jnd Compliance appropriation. "his total represents a dec-ease c*
Si,0"2,03C anc P werv.years over 1991. This decrease is due nrinar'ly to 3 reou;--ori ;n
selected I.'M enforces it activities. Sxfainura' fur. as will be usee reca'" emission test-
"11, *'ue1s inspections, fuel switching observations, data management, and assistance tc States
and localities *or unloaded gasoline 'nspecfons.
In 1982, the selective enforcement audit (SEA) progran wi'l be continues ¦" order to
deter the production of nonconformng 1 iont duty vehicles. The SEA program assures that new
vehicles on the Production line are in compliance with emission recuirements lefore being
introduced in commerce.
"he recall prooram will continue tc assure compliance of in-use -/e^'cles w'th emissio""
standards. SEA actwitv, rgcal1 tesfno, and :nc-eased puolic contact due to fece-a'ly
en*"or;eacle warranty provisions 'will se^ve to ioenti'y a greate1- nunoe"" of veh-c"e classi-s
suspected of exceeding emissions standards m use.
"he centralized enforcement program aimed at controlling tampering and 'uei switching -n
order to reduce in-use emissions will be continued. This »ffort is intended to rrevent furthe
detcio-aticn of the vencle fleet before insoection'sraintenance (•"<) programs aro impl emente
in 1932, activif.es o* the f •je'! s orogran will 'oclude concucfnq 25,000 ccmfned unleaoed
vaoor recovery, and octane inspections at service stations and *'! eet dispensing facilities.
These inspections will oe performed with Stats and/or private testing firas. "he program 11
continue to mon-tor lead usage reports and the status of refiner efforts tc achieve compliance
w'tn the lead onasedown program, administer the provision wnich prohibits the use of fuel and
fuel additives, and administer the emission waivers as required.
A- 58
-------
Dumg '932 , the major activities eor the ncbile sou-ce enforcement progrjn will
be to:
- Issue 25 vehicle SEA test orders
- Conduct 35 recall •nvest^gations
- Conduct 300 surveil 1 ance/con*• matory recall tests
- Conduct 9 inspection/investigation compliance audits
- Conduct 30 warranty investigations
- Conduct 300 new car deale^shin tampering inspections
- Conduct 475 fleet tamrering/fuel switching inspections
- Conduct 300 ccroercia1 repair facility ^nsnect'cns
- Conduct 25,300 compmed 'fuels inspections
- Conauct ",000 fuel switching observations
- O'-ovide technical enforcement assistance to 20 states/local governments to develop
tampering programs
Change from January Request
"h*s '¦esuest represents a decease of 525"*.^00 and 11 permanent wo-'yea^ the
Canjd-y oudget, all of wv.ch is 'or salaries an: expenses. The decrease -err?sants 2 c
in the inspection and maintenance program commensurate with the reduction in the mobile
source program.
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Oxidants Non-Energy
3ud?e: Cjrren: Inceise -
^ct^al -st;.iat° Esti.-.ate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1992 vs 1951
ii'ars in tnousanas,
198C
1931*
Appropriation
Env i -onnental Processes and
i:fects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research anfl Oevelopnent....
Scientific Assesswnt:
Salaries anc Expenses
Sesearcr. ana Development
Tecnn'cal information and
L3 i son:
Salaries and Expenses
^esearcn and Development....
."on i tonne Systems and Quality
tss,jrance:
Saia-ies and Expenses
'-ieviarcr anc Deve! opnent....
heal t ft Effects:
Salaries anc Expanses
5esearcn ana 2/eveloonent
Env'ronmental Engineering and
*e:nnolo^y:
Sa'a-ies and Expenses
Research and Oeviopment
Total :
Salaries and Expenses
Research anc Development.,..
Srano TOtal
sar-,anent Positions
£nvi ronner.ta ; Processes ana
I ¦' 'sets.
Scienf'ic i.ssess.iient
"^chncal Information and
Liaison
Monitoring Systems and duality
Ass-jrance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering anc
Te;nnol aoy
Total
SI .85?
5,634
?
1*04
i,i i \<
525
2,029
2,29c
619
,715
6,150
11 ,228
i 7 . £83
17
22
11
S2.058
S.758
236
157
224 219
' i d
,099
.Joe
.499
627
1 ,774
6,505
12,667
23
SI ,785
5,091
275
11C
202
,794
701
£2i
5,541
10,957
16,628
16
16
SI ,V4
5,294
• 52
115
200
- n.
¦,726
4,316
i 0 j o . v
-S! 1
-203
_ 'i
:45
9b
A-60
-------
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1930 1981* 19S1 1962 1952 vs 1981
jdollars in thousands}
Fu)1 - Time Equi val ency
environmental Processes and
E'fects
2~.
46
33
31
-Z
Sneitific Assessment
t
0
6
Technical Information and
liaison
5
6
5
S
Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
22
22
22
22
...
Health Effects
33
34
21
21
Environreental Engineering and
Technology
20
16
18
19
-1
Total
121
134
106
104
-2
• January : 9o0 President's Buoget as adjusted Dy the Office of Research and Oevelopnent
restruct jring.
Sucoet Request
Tne Agency requests a total of SIS,076,000 and 74 permanent workyears for '982, ar
increase of $1,44~,;0C fror '981. Included lr tnis total is $5,730,900 for Salaries
and Expenses and S12.345.1CO for Research anc Development, with an increase of S3S.30G
ano $1,360,800 respectively.
arocrair Description
Tnis program has been ceveiopea under the auspices of the Oxidants Sesearcn
Ccn-ittee. The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the program are integrated
into an overall research ef'ort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on Agency
research neeas ir th's subject area.
The overal1 prog-am provides scientific data on tne nealth and environmental
effects, including ecological effects and material damage, and on monitoring teenmques
for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and other photochemical products to comply with Sections 106
and '09 of the -lean Air Act. The Clean Air Act reauires that the criteria and stanGards
reviewed and, if necessa-y, revised every five years; therefore, continually undated
information is needed to support maintenance or revision of tne criteria and standards.
As part of the projects which obtain sucr, information, tnis program provides the regu'.a-
tory program with techniques for the assessment of the transport and transformation
processes involving ozone and nitrogen dioxide and tneir precursors, volatile organic
compounds and nit-ic oxioe. Various tyoes of models including, put not necessarily
limited to air quality simulation models, are developed tc apply on local urbar and
regional scales. Aoproonate field studies to obtair. technical results needed to imple-
ment such models accompany-,ng the model development work. Further, as part of tms
program, assessments are made through laboratory and field studies of transport and
transformation processes by which photocnemicaily generated products other than ozone
and nitrogen dioxide are formed and eventually rgnoved from the atmosphere into otner
media. This program also supports development and demonstration of tne pollution control
technologies capable of reducing or eliminating volatile emissions compounds emissions
fror industrial sources. Technical and cost data bases tnat support regulatory standards
are provided for direct application by industry in solving pollution problems.
Activities and procram proposals fur each sub-prograr. are presented individually in
the following material.
-------
1980 Acccmpl'shments
In 1930. tne Aaency used a tota1 of 5356.400 cor this sub-orogram, of which S252.000
was Salaries anc Expenses anc $104,400 was for extradural research activities.
~ne nitrogen oxides cr-teria document was cocipleted as reau-red by Section 1G3 of
tie C:ean Air Act. The document was published and used to evaluate standards 'or n'trooer
oxides. Assessments 'or r.-t"03er ox-ces. o*one, and other photochemical ox-dants ¦'?
r^o»a*f*o^ >»¦> *hC r"",^r *'71 >
1931 srpcram
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $335,200 and 3 permanent workyears to
this sub-program, of which $275,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses Approbation and
SllC,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
Tne ozone criteria oocument publisneo in l?7o will be revised. This revision wP¦
address new 'nfjnafon or health effects from exposure tc oxidants, i.e.. recent
scientific »,nowledae and criteria dealing with nitrogen oxides anc airborne nycrocarrons.
'his rgv-$ion •$ bemg done under Sections 'OS, 109, and 110 of the Clean Air tct which
reau*e that the document be re-evaluated every 5 years.
1951 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate column are derived 'rom
"crosswa1kinc" the program structure presented in the 19S1 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in tne 1981 current estimate reflected in this submis-
sion. The oetails of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well
as the crosswalk of resources 'tself, can be found m the Special Analyses section c*
tfi'S Subnv S3' on .
The net decrease of S7.SG0 results from several actions as 'o'lows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate «as submitted, 5'esiaen: Carte' transmitted
revisions to the bus get 'House Document 96-294\ these revisions resisted -n a cec-ease
o* $" nil'ion to t'A's request for Salaries and Expenses. The rgiuct'pr appl-pr :o th's
act;vity is SI,200.
- Congress reduced agencywiae consulting services by S2.£ million, a decrease of
SI,300 was aopliea to this activity.
- An increase of 52,700 results from the cost o' the October 1930 pay -aise and is
mc'udec in a proposed supplemental aopropriat ion.
- Peprpgranmi no to realign contract funds resulted in a transfer o' $5 ?, DOC *rori
this activity.
- Agencywide increases are required m order to fund the 3CX£ ae'icits; tne increase
applied to th-s activity -s 539,000.
1932 °lan
The Agency requests a total of S296.20C and "1 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, of which 5181,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and SI 14,500
is 'or extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $93,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
an increase of S4.600 in tne Research and Development appropriation. The net decrease
of 529,000 reduces support ror preparing the ozone criteria document.
A- 62
-------
The ozone criteria document which was begun in 1981 will be revised. The revision
addresses recent scientific knowledge and criteria dealing with nitrogen oxides and
airborne hydrocarbons.
Chance crom January Request
This request represents a decrease of SI .000 frorn the January budget for Salaries
and Expenses. This will have no major programmatic impact.
t-chnicv. ;sf??M;T!0N and liaison
1980 AcccmpI'snments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $226,500 for this sub-program, of which 5224,300
was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,200 was for extramural research activities.
""*»>£> i C - • t *"^2* * 0° * On n'jb 1 ^ C i t ^ 0*^ 0*
Research Outlook, the Research '"i~ "ih1 * ghts, technical mfprriation plans ;nc gu'dance. 2nd
c-tr.er genera • c:ocu~ent3 o" ir.tere:;: t" tne envirpnmeital decision making community,
ruf-the-, 't managed systems which tracked ORD's research projects and resources. Specific
accomplishments in the area 0' Oxidants included the publication and dissemination of
*h>*oo reports:
- A final ¦"eco''t on Environmental Assessment of Source N3X Control "echnology.
- 1 User's Guide on intermediate Screening Methods 'or Environmenta1
Assessment 0* rossil Energy Process Effluents.
- The 1520 Northeast Ox'dant Study Report.
"he Regiona" Services Staff was resoons'ble for effective communications between
3RD and the rec-ons. In providing th^s they:
- Advised 3R0 on al1 aspects of regional operations.
- Developed and implemented the Regional Support Management Information
System.
- Car—ei out regiona' liaison activities to provide technical assistance.
Tne Technical Information and L-aison activities helped enable 0R0 to communicate
•;ts research information tc E5A's regional offices and to the eiv-ronmenta' decision
flaknc community. ru«ther, they assisted in making better coordination between ?RC and
the regions possible, allowing each tc meet the needs of the Agency and the ouo'ic more
efficiently.
'98' Drooram
!n 1931, the Agency has allocated a total of S215.200 and 3 permanent wpn-year: t?
this suP-prosraT. of wnich $202,400 is 'or the Salaries and Expenses Apororriation jn;
$12,300 -s for extramura' purposes under the Research ana Development Appropriation.
Tms part of the orogram -is providing various research orog-am and project summaries
decision series documents, and technology transfer publications to meet Research Committer
requirements. Technical Information Plans, listing the explicit information products
for this research effort have been prepared. Throuahout the year, support will be pro-
vided to develop these information piquets and ts distr-bute them tc the approor-jte
users.
Sunport is also being provided tc manage information systems which track ORO' s research
projects anC resources.
-------
Regional liaison activities are continuing as in '930. To this ens, such activi'ies
w, 11 :
- Continue the Regional Support Management Information System.
- Develop anc implement a process to address tne research needs of state and local
covernxent in tne ORD planning process.
'.981 Explanation of Change from Sudaet Estimate
Tne -esources reflected under tne 1961 ouaget estimate column are derived f-on
"crosswa! xi ng' tne program structure presentee m tne 1981 President's 3udoet suo.mission
to the new structjre as presented in tne '981 current estimate reflected in this suDmis-
sion. Tne details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well
as the crosswalk of resources itself, can De found in the Special Analyses section of
this suom ssion.
The net decrease of $16,400 results from several actions, as foiiows:
- Snortly afte' tne 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied
to this activity Is S30D.
- An ¦.ncrease of $2,300 results fron tne cost of October 19S3 pay -ais® and is
induced in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Seprograrrnmcs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-boaro needs resulted
ir. i transfer of $200 to this activity.
- An internal agencywide reduction of So,550,G0C to equipnent costs is aemg made
:n order to func °CJB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is S2S.000.
- Agencywide increases are i-ecuirec m order to fund tne PC48 deficits; tne increase
appliec to tm? activity is $9,900.
' 9B2 plan
Tne Agency reauests a total of $206,400 and 3 pemanent workyears for this sub-
program, of whicn $199,600 is 'or the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $6,SCO is
for extramural purposes under the Research anc Development Appropriation.
"nis reflects a dec-ease of $9,S0C. Tnis will reduce tne Tecnmcal Inforr-.aci o-
program's aoi'ity to prepare and disseminate tecnmcal information products. It w'.l
also reduce the Regional Services Staff's capacity for liaison activities.
Tn-.s sub-program will continue, in 1982, to p-ovide tne sane types o' services as
m 1981. This includes the development and production of technical information procucts
tc ensure tnat researcn information is properly and adequately communicated to tne env, -
ronmenta' decision mak'ng community. Specific products planneo by the appropriate
Researcn Cornittee will De developed. Support to managing systems whicn trac* CRC's
research projects and resources will be provided as will strong liaison witn regional
offices, of a similar nature to tnat conducted in 1981.
Chance rrora January Request
There is no change from tne Janua-y request.
-------
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
19SC Accempl1snnants
in 19SC, trie Aoencv usee a total of 51 ^I ,800 for this sub-program, of which
S1. ,115,600 »as for Salaries an: Expenses anc S523.200 was for extramural researcn
activities.
- Overtiead monitoring support was provided to the Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards' Northeast Oxidant Study. Air samples were ootalned and analyzed.
The results will be used to review and evaluate regional air pollution patterns
and regional models of oxidant transport.
- Verification, calibration and audits of air pollution measurements continued to
ensure tne accuracy of oxidant standards.
- Assistance was provided to regional and program offices to update oxidant data
needed for revision of oxidant standards.
- The nationwide Air Pollution Background Network was operated to obtain ozone
measurements in National Forests.
- A 2-freauency LISAS Syster was demonstrated as useful for defining plume charac-
teristics anc plume transport. Tnis data is also of use to the oxidant jrogra-t
in oxidant transport .-node'inc.
¦981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $! ,56A,300 and 16 oemanent workyears
to tnis sub-program, of wnicr. S957.20C is for the Salaries ana Expenses Acpropriition
and $706,300 is for ext-amural DU'ooses uncer tne Research and Development Aoorooriation
Emohasis is on assist-no other E°A offices in ootaming accurate an; reoroojci5". e
data, and upon advancing tne state-of-the-art for monitoring in tnose areas of most
incortance to tne Aqency.
Specifically:
- Overhead monitoring support, quality assurance, and audits of pnotochem:cal
pollutant measurements will be providec to the Office of Air Quality 'lannmc and
Stanoards to improve models and determine tne effects of regional pclljtion trans
sort and standards revision.
- A major task unde' tnis program is tne continuing ooeration of the national stand
aras laboratory to provide audits of measurements for tne oxidants resea-cr pro-
grams. It also maintains a repository and distributes standard gas samples 'or
use in the calibration of instruments with emphasis on ozone, nitrogen oxides,
nydrocarbons, and carbron monoxide. Develooment and production of a standard
reference ultraviolet photometer is also being supported. When completed, these
ohotoneters will oe provideo to Regions and States as standards against wnicn
they can calibrate tneir instruments.
- A nationwide Am Pollution Background Network is operating in national forests.
This background pollution level data is obtained in areas remote to industrial.'
municipal emission sources and thus provides a base for comparison and also for
trenos analysis.
-------
198' Explanation of Change from E'.;dcet Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate column are deri/ed from
"crosswa'
-------
Continued development on production of a standard ultraviolet onotometer througn
contract with the National 3ureau of Standards will allow regions and States to
eventually calibrate their instruments using these standard instruments.
- The nationwide Air Pollution Background Network mill continue operation in the
national forests. This background pollution network obtains data in -e^cte areas.
Tar from incust-ial/mur.icipal sources of emission and thus provides a base for
ccnpa-ison and for trends analysis.
- work will commence on the oevelooment of a low cost, portable monitor for volatile
organic carbon compounds. These chemicals will be regulated in the near future.
Emissions from control devices in dry cleaning establishments may exceed those allowabl
and present monitoring devices are too expensive to be widely used ay local authorities
The successful development of a low cost, portable device or method will be of value in
enforcing these regulations.
- Supso't to the mandatory quality assurance prpj-a.T. rfi 11 provide tezhfzs' icance, arc
overview to assure that the Agency will have environmental data of known quality tr.at
are appropriate for EPA needs.
Change from January Request
This resuest represents a decrease of SI7,SCO front the January budget, of which
$9,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,700 is for Research and Development. This
decrease will result in fewer cuaiity assurance audits performed of ozone monitoring
eoui snent.
-EAl'H E'FECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency usee a total of 55.386,100 'or this sub-program, of wnicr.
S2.083.-00 was for Sa'aries and Expenses and S3,297,700 was for extradural research
activities.
Major acconpl i snments are surwiarized as follows:
- Capabilities to incorporate more accurate and sensitive techniques for studies of
Changes in airway resistance that may resul*. fror bronchial challenge were expanded.
Such capabilities required the development of experimental tools [aeroso' generators
and measurement devices; for use :n conjunction with the pharmacological definition c'
airway resistance •lDDA2).
- A numoer of nunar. subjects were screened to orepare for a series of clinical studies
»r,i;h will utilizes the PDAR technique. The screening process is a necessary component
of study protocols which utilize human subjects.
- A clinical study to determine the effects of' nitrogen dioxide on asthmatics was com-
pletes. The preliminary results suggest a 1 hour exposure to .Ippm nitrogen dioxide
has no demonstrable effect or ai'way roSp0nsiveness in either normals or Tildly symp-
tomatic astnraatics.
- The pathophysiological effects of ozone and the impact of vasoactive substances or iung
¦^etaoolisp was studied. A report on tne study indicates that lungs of control animals
(rats) remove essentially all of the administ.-atered material 'serotonin - a muscle
constrictor and neurotransmitter) during a single passage of blood through the lung.
Ozone exposures markedly and significantly reduced the ability of the lungs to remove
the agent suggesting an alteration of lung vascular and bronchial smooth muscle.
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- The effects of ozone exposure {*, ?on) on 'una function ir< aogs were exanineo. "ne
"ssjlts indicated a time differential :r. responses. Gas an; water exchange in the
'ung was not altered at a one hour interva: following exposure cut die cnange after
e hour period.
- Studies we-e cons'etefl whlcn snow tnat pheno&arbi to!-induced sleeping time ir rats
was altered by exposure to nitrogen dioxide out tnat such 3 response is unrelatec
to ritrocen dioxide alteration of iraic sensitivity to phenoborpitcl.
Irdl ^roqra".
!n 1931, tne Agency has allocates a total o' $5,085,600 ana 16 permanent workvears
te this sub-program, o* whicn $1,79-,200 is for tne Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
anc 52,291,i00 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Developnent Appropriation.
The "lajor emphasis in '981 (ana continuing through 1983} continues to be or the
e'fects of exposures to ozone and nitrogen dioxide with lesser effort oeing devoted to
other oxidants and atmospheric reaction products. The research includes a combination
o'' rvjnan studies 'control'ed clinical and epidemiological } and animal studies. C'inica1
stj'ies of 5zonc- e*fects are genera' !y ->ased uson sr.prt-te1— e*oosj|"e<; at "eve'; ip^-oac1-
mg tne present standards. Tney evaluate the snijltjneous effects o' exposure dj^mg
stress f-on heat ana exercise and the impacts on sensitive populations, ascertaining
necnamsms of ozone maucec cardi ooul nonary dysfunction, irr.mune dysfunction ana bio-
chemical chances. Animal toxicology studies are adobes sing the Question of effects of
sotn long and shct-tei? exposures to low level? o' ozone and nitrpqen diexile
and in cons l r.et ion}. A variety o' anima'. .nodels are being used in tnese studies in an
attempt to improve estimates of risk to humans based upon extrapolation of data. Tne
am-ia". expe-inents are a'sc use'ul fo' ascertaining the nost sensifve and accurate
biological indicators to oe used in numan heo'tn studies of oxidant initiatec defects.
Tne epidemiological studies continue to analyze ex'stmg health aata m orae' to assess
tne factors tnat prorpte respi-atorv ciiease. "he data bases to De ana'/rea 'rcluce
mortality *'igures 'ron a *.a;or metropolitan area, chronic disease prevalence acu'ts,
and lower respiratory disease prevalence in chi ;Cren. ro!low-or epidemiological studies
o' astn.-^:i;s ir- tne -.ouston anc Ids Angeles areas '.sponsored by the exploratory -esearcr
anc energy research program respectively; will De I'i'.istei.
1951 Explanation of Change f*or, Succet Estimate
"he 'esources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate coluw are aenvec '-on
"crosswalr.inc" the program structure presenteo ir the 1981 President's Budget suomissior,
to the new structure as presentee >n tne 1961 current estimate reflected in this su»-iis-
sion. The aetails of the restructuring of the research ano development program, as
well as tie c-osswaU of resources itself, car be found in the Soecial Analysis section
o' this submission.
"he net decrease of SI .T^.sCO results frpr several actions, as 'ollows:
- Snort'.y afte- tne '93' oucoet estimate was submittec, ?resident Ca-ter transmitter
-evsion; tc tie budget >ouse Docunent 96-29'?; these -evis'ons -esultec : r a
aec-ease of 5? miVior. to EDA,s "-eouest for Salaries anc Expenses. The recucf.c-
applied to this activity is £7,200.
- Tne Conaress recuced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a aec-ease of $2,"00
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $2.8 million; a aecrease
of $29,-00 was applied to this activity.
A- 68
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- Tie Cone-ess anp'ies a general -eduction of $12,214,300 to the Research and Deve-
lopment appropriation; a decrease of 3SO-JtCOO «as applied to tnis activity to
allow for pnasing of researcn to coincide with tne cycle of criteria documents
revi s ions.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by S < 2 lillion; a decrease of' $11,50C
was applied to this activity.
- An 'ncrease of $14,800 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental approoriation.
- Reorog-ami na to -ea!ign salary and related costs to meet or.-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $900 from this activity.
- Transfer of $1,110,000 to air mobile sources/non-energy in order to consolidate
all carbon monoxide research activities under the Mobile Sources Research
Coromi ttee.
- 'rjnsfer S2C.000 tc progrj- -jnagenent tc support public awareness and industrial
hygienist positions at Research Triangle Part;.
- 0*S Bulletin <31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Seduction",
-eouired ager.cywide reductions tc travel, the total reduction o' 5" , "*95,900 is
being used to fund personnel conpensatic and benefits (PCS8) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $2,200.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipnent costs is being naoe
in order to *und PCSS deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$100,100.
1932 Plan
Tne Agency requests a total of Sc.542,400 and 13 permanent workyears for this
sub-orograrr,, of wnicn $1,726,000 is for the Salaries anc Expenses Appropriation and
S4,£16,40C is for extramural purposes under tne Researcn and Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $1,456,800. This will be used for clinical and
anirr.a', studies to determine chronic effects of exposure to nitrogen dioxide, carbon
-enoxide, and ozone.
The 1932 plan will continue to emphasize controlled clinical human healtn studies
of tne effects of oxidants or the cardiopulmonary systen, the imune system and lunc
biochemistry for both normal individuals and susceptible populations. Exposures at
a.-pient levels and m the range of the present standaras will oe e-ipnasized.
Studies utilizing a variety of species of animals will also pe continued to assess
the biological l-noacts of exposures to ozone and nitrogen dioxide, both singly and as
mixtures, at levels simulating aroient exposures (i ntemi ttent brie' hi an 'eve's super-
lnoosed upon chronic ¦ ow 1 eve": exposures:. Additional animal studies will be utilized
to develop 'xinetic infcrraatior requi-ec to improve models for lung dose ana injury anc
to develop more rapid and sensitive indicators of damage that mignt be used for clinical
studies.
Change From January Request
Tnis request represents a decrease of $148,800 from the January Budget, of wtncn
$9,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $135,000 is for Research and Development. This
decrease will result in the elimination of epidemiological studies performed by EPA
'aboratories on chronic effects of oxidants and nitrogen oxides.
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environmental ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1P8C Accomol)snments
In 1980, tie Agency usee a total of S2,33i,60C for tnis sub-program, of wr;icn
5515,200 was for Salaries and Expenses anc Si .71E ,4-OC was for extramural research
activ:ties.
- An evaluation ox control technioues such as activated carDor. 'or reducing hydro-
carbon emissions from textile finisnino plants was completed. This study wil-
»ssist t determination of Best s.va102,100 and 11 permanent worcvears
tc this suo-prograr,, of which S628,^00 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
anc SI,772.700 is for extramural purposes under the Research anc Development
Approp-iation.
- An evaluation of activated carbon adsorption systems is being undertaken to provide
a 'jnoanental unoerstanding 0' system performance, cost, sire anc maintenance
saranete-s. Tnis knowledge will enable designers to speci'y cctinu^ systems for
4 wide range of :ndustria' applications ir control line oxidant emissions.
- Catalytic oxidation techniques are Peine studieo to determine performance para-
meters ;n the control of volatile organic compounds.
- The effectiveness of flares for controlling volatile organic compounds 's being
studiec, and means of improving this technigue will be determined.
- "ne capture efficiency of hoods is being studied in industrial applications
sucn as panting and solvent degreasing. Design parameters Such as air flow
rates, energy -ecuirements, and capture effectiveness will be optimized in a
va-iety of specific applications.
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- Emission studies are determining tne fugitive emissions of volafle organic com-
pounas fror. petrochemical plants ana from synthetic orqonic chemical :nanu f acutur-
inc plants.
- A demonstration of emissions control '~cr pa'nt curir.c ove is with mi croprocessor
control systems and sensors is seme supported. Objectives of this project are
to reduce enerav reauirements while maximizing the concentration of emissions to
enaole better emission control.
- Secondary air emissions *ror textile anc organic chemical manufacturing wastewater
t-eatraent systems are ceinc cnaractenzefl. "he neeo for control o' these e-s-
siors will oe determined ana methods of control will ae suggested.
- A study o' water based finishes for wood office furniture appropriate for purchase
by the General Services Administration is being completed. The purchase of such
furniture by the federal government could significantly reduce volatile organic
chemical emissions in the furniture manufacturing industry and may lead to accept-
ance of such furniture oy the private sector.
- ft aei>onstration of volatile organic chemical control at a textile manufacturing
plan: is m progress.
'9S1 Explanation of Change from Bucoet Estimate
"ne resources re'lecteo jnder the 193' budget estimate column are der-ve^ 'rem
crosswal<1 no" tne program structure presentee in the 19S1 ^resident's Budget subr:ss>cn
the new structure as presentee in the 1931 current est mate reflected m this subniss'on.
rne details of tne restructuring of tne research and development program, as we'1 as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses sectior of this
sutxri ssion.
rne net increase of S' ,300 results 'ran several actions, as fellows:
- Shortly after tne 1981 oudoet estimate was submitted, Resident Carter t-ansmi:ted
"evisions to the budget (House Document 96-?9£); these revisions -esulted m a
decrease of $7 million to E?ft's -eouest for Saianes and Expenses, 'he reduction
applied to this activity is S3,200.
- An 'ncrease of So, IOC resets '-or tne cost of tne October I960 pay -a:se anj -s
included -n a proposed Supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogramming to realign salary and -elated costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of S2.200 from this activity.
- OWE Bulletin #81-7, January 2ft, 1981, "Fiscal Vear 1981 Travel Reduction", -oquired
agencywioe -eductions to travel ; tne total reduction of SI,795,900 is being used
to fund personnel compensation anc sene'its t'CSb) defic'ts. Tne -eduction appl'ec
to this activity Is S1 ,ftOC.
1 9S2 Jlan
"ne Agency requests a total of 32 ,223,600 and U permanent worVyears 'or t.iis sub-
program, of whicr S653.000 is fo- tne Salaries and Expenses appropriation anc $1,530,600
is fo- extramura' purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This decrease of S58.50C reflects a slight reduction in contract requirements.
The evaluation of VOC emissions from industrial sludge treatment and disposal
systems wil' be continued.
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- An owe-a'. 1 perfornance evaluation of caroon aasorptioo units ir fui '-scale inaus-
t-ial appllcations will be conpleted.
- A prototype neasurenent system will oe ceveloped to evaluated the capture effi-
ciencies of hooding systems used in the graphic arts, rubber processing, plastic
processing and metal coating industries.
- i final report on the efficiency of 'lares to burn organic chemicals Kill ae
prepares.
- A series of performance manuals or, the control of ,'UC will ae prepares. Tnis
information will be used to develop cost-effective New Source Performance Standards
and to document emission factors.
Change Froc, January Request
Tms reouest represents a decrease of S76.40C fron tie January budget, of wnich
S'i.SOO is for Salaries and Expenses and $61",600 is for Research and Development. This
decrease will result in reduced efforts ir. evaluating caoture efficiencies of flooding
systems.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1 98C Accompl i stents
In 195C, tne Aqercy used a total of i?,5iOt7CC for this sub-program, of wtiicn
S;,S5-,3GC was for Salaries anc Expenses anc S5,682,-0C was for extranural 'esearcn
act:v•t iss.
- A stalled cher.tcal mecnarisn was developed that describes the atnoschenc
reactions of aromatic and jther hydrocaraons. This information wil' ae usee to
calculate the impact of these compounds on producing ozone in the atmosphere.
- A review paper was preparec on the impact of natural nydrocaroon (e.g., isoprenes,
terpenes} or ozone air duality. This review paper will provide guidance tc me
Agency's assessment o' tne actual tontrioution of natural h>arocaroon emissions
prodjeng elevated ozone levels in r'jral areas.
- "he evaluation of three major types of jro photochemical a'r guai'ty s:mi.Tatior
models aased on ten days of data fror the Regional Air Pollution Study - St.
lOuis air quality data base was completed. When completely validated, these
iccels will be used to assess the air Quality impact of various control strategies
for ozone.
- Ozone is used as a surrogate for establishing secondary anient ji' Quality stand-
ards for pnotochemical oxidants. More toxic pnotocner.ica' oxidants such as peroxy-
acetyl nitrite exist in the pnotochenical conplex. Research was initiated
to determine '' plant damage can occur 'rom 3AN when the National Secondary Amaien:
Air Quality Standard for ozone •$ attained. Results f-om this research will
determine the feasibility or need for estaDlishing a BA?> standard.
- Biogenic emisicns of isoo'-ene ar.s total nonnethane hydrocarbons 'rom severa1
important deciduous and coniferous trees have been identified. These emission
'actors will ae used in conjunction wtn regional biomass data to predict regional
aioaenically erttted nydrocarPons.
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- -\n S-year fie 1 a study in tne San 3err,adino National Forest of soutnerr> Ca''forr,'a
revealed a significant impact of ambient photochemical oxidants on a mixed conifer
forest ecosystem. For example, in heavily polluted sections of tne forest, 'oliar
mjjry sufficient to lin.t foiiage retention ocurred on Ponderosa and Jeffrey
pines anc wnite fern. Ster? growtn of ^onderosa pine was limited by as ¦¦nuch as sOli
and accumulated "lortality rates reacned as high as 1 Ot during a 6-year period,
"ree community structure is g-adually shifting from predominately °onderosa and
Jeffrey pine to less desirable black oak, incense cedar and white fir. Insect
damage is more severe on oxidant damaged trees. These studies show that ambient
photocnenica1 oxidants can reduce the productivity of forest ecosystems and reverse
ic-me) successionai patterns and generate concern for the Nation's forest resources.
- Research was initiated by request fror EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning anc
Standards to identify a maximum NO? concentration that could exist without
causing plant damage. The research identified 0.4 ppm NO? as the concentration
which must be exceeded to cause significant growth effects to crops. This data
will ae used in establishing a National Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standard
sn2.
'9B' 3rgcran
!n 1981 , the Agency has allocated a total of S6,873,S00 and 30 permanent workyears
to this sua-orogran, of which $1,785,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
anc S5.3S£,600 is for extramural purposes uncer tne Research and Development Appropriation.
- S^og chamber studies will be conducted to determine critical kinetic .-lecnanisms
of ozone formation from its precursors NDx and volatile o-gani; compounds, "his
data -ill be used in developing air Quality models. The role of aromatic hydro-
carbons will be emphasized in these studies.
- "ne onotocnem - a 1 reactivity of selected organics to proouce ozone w 11 be ~eter-
rines. "he worn will emphasize the degree to wmcn low reactive cor.oounas, such
as low molecular weight organics, contribute to ozone pollution.
- "he existing EKMA (Empirical Kinetics Modeling Approach) model is seing validated
with ozone air Quality data previously collected at a number of different jroan
locations, "his model will be used as the principal Adeline tool for assessing
czone control strategies 'or tne 19S2 SI? ;State Implementation ^lan) piarnirg
arocess.
- Jrban air quality simulation mocels, previously developed and evaluated wi' ' be
validated with ozone ambient air quality data collected du-ine the 1S72-197~
field study conducted at St. Louis. !t is expected that these advanced models
will eventually replace the currently used empirical approaches.
- "ne results fror tne Houston air quality studies will be surnarizec for the aerosol
anc ozone components of the air characterizatior studies conducted ove' the past
three years. While this wi1 1 complete the atmospheric chemistry oortion of the
Houston work, results from the Houston nealth effects studies will be reported
over the next two to three years.
- Regional ai1- quality moce1* will oe develooed and evaluated. Ai- quality data
collected during tne Northeast Regional Oxidant Study 1NES0S; conducted du.-mc
tne Summer of 1979 and 1960 will be used for this purpose, "he regional ozone
node! will allow decision makers to evaluate the impact of oxidant contro1 plans
of individual cities frcn a regional perspective.
A-73
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- i nurOe1" of individual sources wi 1 1 ;¦» characterizes by the" emssicns of ozone
precursors, namely VCC anc NOx po"' jtar.ts. "his wo-*. will be jsec to Jeve'o; zr.e
necessary emission input data to develop ozone air quality TOdeis.
- -"eld slots are beincj established th-ougnout the i'.S. to jete"mme the i.noactj of
ozone on croo production. This program, trie National Crcp ;_oss Assessment '.etworx
'NCLAN) is integrated with other 1931 tasics to evaluate ozone ana tne interact-. v«
effects of otner pollutants on crop yield. Croos grown in '-eid plots will be
exposes to realistic simulations of air pollution doses which will continue
tfirougnout the life cycle of tne crops. Crops wil! se narvestec ana foliar injury,
growth and yield will be measured.
1981 Explanation of Change from Sudcet Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the prograr structure presented in the 1981 Resident's Budget submission
to the iew structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this subms-
s^or. 're retails c' the ¦"est-uctu-ina of tie "esearch and i
decrease of 37 million to EPA'5 reauest for Salaries and Expenses. The -eduction
applied to this activity is S8.100.
- The Congress reduced agencywiae travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of SZ.2CC
was applied to tnis activity.
- "he Congress reduced aoencywiae consulting services by S3.S .nil lion; 3 decrease
of 54,200 was applied to this activity.
- "he Congress reduced agencywiae Senior Executive Services bonsus by $750,300; a
decrease of 310,700 was aopliea to cms activity.
- The Cong-ess applied a general reduction of S12,214,000 to the Research and Oeve-
iopnent appropriat ion; a decrease of $700,000 was applied to this activity to
allow for phasing research to coincide with tne cycle of criteria document
revisions.
- "he Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of $77,JOG
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $18,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 oay raise and is
inc'joee in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Seorograraning to realign salary and related costs to neet on-boara needs resulted
in 1 transfer of $146,100 from this activity
- CS 3ulletin #31 -7, January 24, 1981, "Ciscal Year 1981 Travel Seduction",
reauired agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
ben? used to 'und personnel compensation ana benefits ;BC&3! deficits. The
reduction applies to this activity is SI ,9CC.
- An internal agencywiae reauction of $6,500,000 to equipment costs is being made
in oraer to fund 3C4B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is S25.COC.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,300 to other contractual services is
beina nade in order to fund °CSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is SI 5,300.
- Agencywide increases are reouired in oraer to 'und tne PCS6 deficits; tne increase
applied to this activity 's $28,700.
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'982 Plan
Tfie Agency requests a total of S7,072,900 and 23 permanent workyears for this sut>-
proqrar;, of which SI, 773 ,700 is for the Salaries anc! Expenses Appropriation 3nd S5,299,200
is 'oi- extramural purposes under the Research anc Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase of 5199,100 for developing and field testing regional
scale models for ozone.
- Spoc chamber studies will continue to investigate the speci'ic role of volatile
organic conpounds and NOx pollutants. Emphasis will be placed or, asterni-v rc
the contribution of aromatic hydrocarbons for photochemical ozone production.
This work is motivated by the fact that automotive fuels are Demo formulated
witn increased levels of aronatic hydrocarbons.
- The EKMA (Empirical Kinetics Modeling Approach) model will increase its predictive
capability to treat other pnotochemica! oxidants besides ozone. for example, tne
E' »o develop '•egiona1 scale models fc ozone will be continued.
Tie major activity in the 1982 Plan will consist of regional scale model in; field
studies in the Southeast portion of tne U.S. The major purpose of tms study is
to test the general applicability of the NE30S model which was developed earlier
for tne northeast regional ozone problem to other areas of tne country.
- individual sources of major ozone precursors, volatile compounds and nitrogen
oxides 'NCX} wi'l be studied. Tne results ft-on this work will oe needed to
satisfy emissior inventory reoui -ements for air duality mooe'S. Ancng the organic
pollutants, measjrenent of reactive orqanics such as fomaidenyoe is moortant.
For NCX emission rates, tne determination of the NO? to NO ratios is critical
for the ozone modeling work.
- rielc studies m'tiated in 193* to determine tne effects of ozone on crco pro-
duction will be continued to provide the dose-response data base for deterrri n< ng
the econoric impacts of ozone. The researcn will continue tc focus on najo-
anronomic crops anc tc orovde scientific suooort for secondary air suality
standards.
- 3iooer.it emission -ates 'or hvdrocaroons will be oetermnec for a variety of
vegetative sources. Jsmg this data, snog chamber and trajectory modeling studies
will oe conducted to assess the specific role of biogenic emisions in proaucina
elevated ozone levels in rural areas o' the country.
- Research conce-ning tne usefulness o' tne present ozone standard ir, limiting
plant damage 'ron peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) wi'' be completec. The results of
initial studies relating ambient concentrations of ?AJ' with plant injury and
yield wiil oe presented i r, nanuscriot form.
Change rrom January Request
This reouest represents a decrease of $156,200 fror the January budget, of wnich
S'1,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $145,000 is for Research anc Development.
This decrease will result in reduced efforts in assessing the effects of ozone and
mtroaen dioxide on crop yielc and vegetation.
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a:p
"ct^e Sources Non-Energy
Sudoet Current Incesse *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Dec-ease -
19fC 19n 1» 1931 19=2 ;932 vs. 19?1
'sol' ars " thcjsar.TT
^crf*opr'* * or
"ecr,'- Infomat * on
an^ Li2*son:
Salaries and Expenses.. S65 $65 $76 $56 -SIC
?esearcn and
Development ... 3 3 3
Mo^itor'n; Systems and
Zua'tity Assurance:
Sa'iar-es and Expenses.. ?Z2 5~5 54C ?01 *253
Research and
Development 253 22£ 142 559 -515
•'£*1 *r Z^'^Z'-Z '¦
3a'2r-es and Expenses.. 2,339 3,1 79 2,147 2.161 -935
- 0 S 0 3 *" C K i
Deve". cp-ier.t 2,41- 2,670 3,35c "5" -3,399
Env; "cnnienta; Processes
>nd Z'fects:
3iliries Expenses.. 513 5-4 550 57" »127
-.esea,"cr >n
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Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
19:0 1931 * 1931 19B2 1982 vs. 1931
rull-time Equivalency
Technical Information
and Liaision 2 2 2 3
Monitor-ng Systems and
Ouality Assurance 16 16 16 18 *2
Health Ejects 51 52 25 20 -5
Environmental Processes
and Effects 15 1_3 1_3 1_3
Total 34 83 57 54 -3
January 1980 President's Budget as adjustd by the Office of Research and Development
r°St'"'JCturi fir.
Sudcet P.ecuest
The Agency "-"Guests a total of $6,253,200 and 35 permanent worv.years fo»* 19S2, a
dec-ease of S2,5,5,300 {r~om 1991. Included in this total is $3,305,200 for Salaries and
Expenses and $2,448,000 for Research and Devlooment, with a decrease of S615,300 and
$";,9oC,00C respectively.
0ent strategies. Studies determine 'mracts of notor vehic'e
advanced control systems and advanced power systems on both regulated and important non-
'egulated pollutant emissions. The activities in this progress also: determine human
exposure to mobile source pollutants by developing and aoolying monitoring equipment and
methodologies; determine mobile source contribution to ambient air Quality by long-term
monitor-ng; develop methods tc collect exhaust for chemical analysis and mutagenic
testing; register fuel and fuel additives in accordance with Section 211 of tne Clear
Air Act; orovide all necessary quality assurance for mobile source needs; and provide
fuels analysis for regional and enforcement neeas.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually
ir the following material.
A- 77
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1930 Accompl i snments
in 1930, the Agency used a tot.il cf $65,000 for this sub-program, of wtiich $64,500
was for Salaries and Expenses and S.iCO was for extramural researcn activities.
In 1930, the technical information program suoported the presaratior. and publication
of the Research Outlook, tie Research highlights, technical information plans and
guidance an; other aencal dccumerts o* interest tc the environmental decis'cn-nafcing
co~nur.it>. It also provided the Office of Research and Development (0??D 1 with
i-'craation system necessary tc effectively plan and manage "ts -esearch orojects and
resources. Speci'ic accomplishments in the area of mobile sources includec the
publication and dissemination of a report on the diesel emissions research program.
The regional services staff provided for effective communications between ORD and
the regions. Specifically, they:
- Developed and implemented the Regional Support Management Information System.
- Carriec out regional liaison activities to provide technical asistance.
- Conducted QRD/regional senior staff meetings.
- Advisee QRD on all aspects of regional operations.
1931 c-oor3m
!n 19S1, the Agency has allocated a total of S79.300 to th-s sub-program, of wtiich
S"*5,900 is for tne Salaries and Expenses appropriation and S3.400 is for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This part o* the program is providing various research program and project
summaries, dec" Sinn senes documents, ane technology transfer publications to meet
nesearcn Comittee -eauirements. "ecnnical information plans, 1 istinc tne explicit
mfomat'on products 'o- th's research effc: have been prepared. Throughout the year,
sippet wi1! he provided tc develop these information products and to distribute them
tc tne appropriate users. Suooort is also be'ng provided to manage 'nformation systems
which tracK DP.D's research projects and resources.
Regional liaison activities are continuing as in 1990. To this end, such activities
rf*"!1 :
- Continue the Regional Suocort Management information System.
- Conduct ORO/regicnal senior sta" meeting and other liaisor. activt'es to orovide
technical assistance, ^ese will include preparing reports, concuctmc special sta" an;
pol'cy studies, deveiomnc regional problem statements, anc identifying -esearch and
technical assistance ~equirements.
- Develop and implement a process to address the -esearcn needs of State and local
government 'r the 3RD planning process.
1CS1 Explanation of Cnanoe from Budoet Estimate
'he ••esources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate column are derived *rom
"crosswal k". ng' the program structure presented in the 19S1 President's Sudget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1931 current estimate reflected in this
suomission. The details of the restructuring of tne research and development program,
as wel1 as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses
section of this submission.
-------
The iet increase of SIC,900 results «ror. several actions, as 'o' lews:
- Short1v after the 1931 ftuoget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
~evi sions to the bucget House Document 96-29*]; tnpse revisions -esulted m ? decrease of
S" million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses; tne reducfon applied ;c this
act ivi ty is $300.
- An increase of 31,000 -esults fron the cost of the Dctober 1980 oay raise and is
irc^-ioed in a proposed supp1 er>ental appropriation.
- D.eprogramni nas to realign salary and related costs to -fleet on-board needs resulted
m a transfer o^ 3300 from other activities.
- Agencywide increases are resuired in order to *und the °CSB de'icits; the increase
applied to this activity is $9,900.
1922 plar
The Agency requests a total of $69,300 and 2 permanent wor^yea^s for th-s sub-program
of wr.icn $65,903 is for the Salaries and Expenses apprcpr'ation and $3,400 is 'c extramura
purposes, under the Researcn and Development aporcpriation.
Th-s 'e'^octs a decrease of $10,000 which will reduce the development and disseminata
of technical information products.
"h's sup-proo'-am will continue, ;r 19S2, to crovde the same types of scVces as ir
'9?1. This -ncluces tne development and production of technical information products to
•nsure that research information 's properly and adequately communicated to the envi ronr*>ent
decision-making comnunity. Soecific products planned Dy the appropriate Research Committee
wi'l oe developed. Support to managing systems wnicfc track ORC's research projects anc
~esources will oe provided as will strong liaison w^th regional offices, of J similar natur
to tnat ocncuoted in 'J21.
Charae From Januarv Secuest
"nere 'S no cnange from the January request.
'•'0n:tqp.;ng systevs and ojauty assupance
"9:C Accomp1 • srrvjrts
In 1930, the Agency used a total of $9^9,500 'or this sup-program, of wrrch $722.4C0
was for Salaries and Expenses ans S257,20C was for extramural reSearch activities.
- •' study on carbor mpnox'de 'ntrusion into sustained-use vehicles 'schooltuses,
tax-cass, anc police vericles) mandated by the Clear Air Act amendments was completed.
*he study identified major points of intrusion and aevelcoed recmnendations 'or aSatinq
the problem.
- 3ilot studies measuring direct human exposure to carPon monor.ice pv using persona'
air auality monitors were begun in preparation for a full-scale study ir, 1981.
- The tnird annua" report or. tne Los Ance'es -reewav mon-tor^no program, tne or,"/
continuous cross-expressway monitoring program in the country, was completed.
- Over 200 fuels and fue1 additives were registered.
- Analytical suooort was provided to enforcement and nealth effects programs.
-------
1931 5roara~p
In 19S1, the Agency has allocated a total cf $791,300 and 12 remanent workyears
tc th;s sub-program, of which S6i5.400 is for the Sa^a'ies and Etoenses a??ror"">stiD" anc
i"«2,9CG is 'or extr»ru.*ral purposes jnder trie Research a«s Develcme»t arpropr'avpn.
- In the ^ot'^e sources area, er-.pnasis is beinc placec or the deterni nat1 or of hunan
excosj^e tc "xbile source 'elatec co'luta'*s, sa-ticyla'-ly ca-bon ic^me. TVs exposure
oro?ra~, -riade possible recently py advances 'r the technol ocy of nprvtor-pg ce^so^a'
exposure, vr ' 1 prpvvte nuch -.pre deta'Ted 'n^pmatior or. pup* " p e*rosj**e and tr,ererore
w.l* allow ~ic-e targeted and ccst-ef,cective abatement procedures.
- The *uel and *uel additive registration progran, mandated by Congress, will cor.fnue.
- Analytical support to the Office of A1 r Quality "lanning and Standards, the Mooile
Source Enforcement Division, and the Health Effects Research Laboratory in Research Triangle
-ark (RTP) will also continue to be provides. This support cf chencal analysis and monitor'
can be supplied an a cost-effective basis by the m-house expertise of tne Environmental
Vcmto'inc anc Support Laboratory at RTP.
"9?1 Ex:l jnafor. o{ Chance from 3udoet Estmate
Tne resources rejected under the 1931 budget estimate column are derived ^ror. "crpss-
«al <'nc" tne pro?'-an strjctjre presented ir, tr.e 'sol President'i 3„dget sub-;;s;cn tc tne new
st-ucture as r^escte-l in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this sjbTss'on. "he sets; 1
)f the restructuring of the reseercn and develorient program, as well is the crosswalk of
resources itself, can be *ound ;n the Special Analyses section of this subTSS'or..
'he net decrease of S?03,700 results £ron several actions, as follows:
- Snort'y a^ter the "92" budoet estnat? was subn'.tted, ^res^dent Ca^te*" fansnitte:
revisions to tne I'jdcet (-iojse Docu^rert 96-29-';; these revisions ""esu'ted m a aec-ease
1" t. ' • -;r to i~L s reouest for Salaries and Eoenses. The -eduction applied tc this
activity -s S1.90C.
- Tne Congress reduced 3ger.cywide travel costs by S35C,?10; i decrease of $2,^00 wa;
aco'ied to this act'vty.
- rne Congress applied » general reSucti-rw ?f S12.21-.OCC tc the Secearcfi and Oevel ir-ien
apprcpr-ation; a decrease of $11*.000 was aoplied to this activity.
- An incease of S8.100 results from the cost of the October 1930 oay raise and is
includec in a croooses supplemental appropriation.
- Seprogrimiincs to real;g~ salary and related costs to ^eet on-board needs ^suited •"
a t'ansfer of 5300 "rpr. ctne- activities.
- Transfer S",200 '"-oa a:' gases and particles'GAP; 'non-energy, to support 3AD-re"atec
research.
- "Transfer $5GE,C00 to i~- mobile scurces/non-energy, to rea'^cn contract fu"OS.
- 0V9 Sulletir *81-?. January 24, 19P1 . "Ciscal Year la81 Travel Seduction", reou'.red
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,793,900 -s being used to fund
personnel ccrmensation and benefits (PCJB) deficits. The reauction aoplied to this activity
is S1,000.
-------
- The Der-artnent of Housing and UT>an Deve1opment-Independent Agencies Appreciation Act,
1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one oercent
autho-itv is being irnrl evented by transferring funds from the Research anc Oevel op"vent and the
Abatement, Control and Con?! iance appro?1"? t'ons tc the Salaries and Exoenses appro?1"; a tic
¦"¦ order to fund ?CSE deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $33,000
¦!9c2 3lan
"he Aaency reouests ; total of ?1.550,A00 and 13 permanent wr^ivears for th's sub-program
0*" wh'cr 5901,-500 ;s fo*- the Sala'"es and Expenses appropriation anc S659,000 's 'or extra-
Tiuri' purposes under the Research and Ceve'ocment appropriation.
This increase of $759,100 reflects a shift in responsibi 1 i ty for planning and conducting
•ullscale carbon monoxide exposure assessment studies formerly conducted under the Health
Effects sub-proqram. These studies are based on the successful completion of pilot studies in
1980-1981.
- The carbon monoxide exposure assessment prog^a.-;! will continue and will empnasize
the isenti-'icatior. 0' hu~ar activity patterns in selected jrban areas.
- ruel anc fuel additive regi sfation w' 1 continue.
- Chemical analytical support will continue tc oe proviced to Agency 1 ibcjtones anc
regional and proaram of'ices
Change F-om January Request
This reguest represent a decrease of $19,000 and permanent workyears from the January
budget, of wtiich S5,600 is for Salaries and Expenses anc $12,-33 is for Research and Develop-
ment. This decrease will result in a slightly reouced leve1 of suooort to analyze anc mor'tpr
icoile source pollutants.
HEALTH E-ECTS
199C AccoctpI 1 sr.merts
In 1950, the Agency usee a total c' $6,2S2,SCC for this sub-program, 0' wnch S2,"522 , 50r
was for Salaries ana Expenses and Si.-16.000 was for extradural researcr, activities.
- i report was published on the tumorogenes*s of diesel exhaust, gasoline exhaust and
related emission extracts based or semal exposure of tne SE'iCA? 'SENsitive to CARcino-ia!
mouse. The study concludes that the SENCAP. mouse skin bioassay has utility for comparative
potency analysis using both pure suostances and complex mixtures.
- "^e -esults 0*" a study on tne release 0' mutagens '-on diesel particles wien in
the presence of phvsiol ccica' flujs 'serum and lung cytcsoll was publishes, "he studies
suggest that substantia' mutage^i:: activity 'as measu^eo with tne A,t>es Salmonelaa tyrninarijt
plate •nzorooni'or issay; is released frcr. diesel particles upon incubation with prysiolcccj
'luids.
- i.n evaluation of a comparison between the microb'al mutagenc'ty effects oresent after
exposure to emissions of lignt-auty diese: passenger ca^s and gasoline catalyst cars was
completed. The organics ;n the emissions *rom both sources stimulated responses in the assay.
The biological activity stimulated by the emissions from the diesel system was estimated to oe
40-100 times that for the gasoline catalyst system, presumably due to the higher particle
emission rate of the diesel".
-------
- °-e! mina-y analysis of the cempa-2*,-.'e -esccses of the matr-x o* short-tern
pioassays to the test mater-als 'diese' exhausi ox tracts and surrao'tes^ sucgests that the
response to diese1 samples generally 'ell w-tnr the range of responses to the surrogates
; c caret te smoke condensate, rccf-ne tar sect and extract, coke Tver, soot and extract:. The
results a'so succes: that a large portion ?*' the mutagenic activity frp *• p
an: -atb'ts b-t small ejects or reproductive performance oc ferna's mice we-e observed.
- An international symposium on the health effects cf dieseis was held. Researchers f'r
England, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Japan and the United States presented their most recent data
on the characterization of diesei engine emissions and the biological responses of exposure
to whole diesei exhaust and its components. Controversy over the appropriate method to
interpret the available data still exists.
1951 srocran
in 1931, the Agency has allocated a total of $?,002,300 and 12 pemenant workyears
tc this sut-program, of which S3,14,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appreciation and
32,556,000 is for extradural purposes under the Research anc Development 3poorooriation.
*"he program confnues to emphasize the evaluation of comparative responses of the matr'x
of Pioassay test systems {both in vltr; and in vivc] to d-esel exhausts 'ram a variety o'
vehicles and a series of surrogates. Present enpnasis is on the conplet'on of the m v.vp
bioassav studies for cancer which nave reouireo lapse times of several years. Impacts toon
cardiovascular, neuronehavioral , reproductive and pulmonary function that may be inauced Py
exposures to carpor. mpnoxide are also seine evaluate: usino both human health stuc-es
• epi Jemi ol ogi cal anc clwci!! anc whole animal studies. "i» stuc.es concuctec in th-s suo-
program «'e considered necessary tc incrjve the Quantitative estimate o* the sotenf'a' lei':*.1-
-¦;"e-e specific tasks include:
- Continuation of tne study on induction of '»sr"story cancer ir Syr-;jr goide" "".amstert
using intratracheal instillation of test materials 'surrogates and diesei emissions*.
- Continuation of the evaiuafcn the relative rotentcv o* test materials to produce
Skin cance' using cermal exposure of the SENC^P. mouse.
- Completion of tne study on rate of tunor induction :« st**3i" * mice associated wit*
inhalation of diesei exhaust.
1931 Explanation cf Change from Budget Estinate
Tne -"sources reflected under tne '93' oudnet estimate cclum- are derived from "cross-
walking" the program structure presented ir. the *98" President's Budget submission t: the
new structure as oresented ;n the 'cai current estimate reflected m this submission, 'he
details o' the ^structuring of the research and development orogram, as well as the cross-
walk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this submission.
A- 32
-------
The net increase o' $1,152,'00 results f-oni severa' actions, 55 'ollcws:
- Siortly jfter the 1931 budget estimate was submittes. President Carter t-3nsnitte,1
-evsio^s to the budget 'House Docuwit 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease of
S" -nillion oT~ E?fi's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $10,200.
- The Conarers reduced agencywide travel costs by S3SC.000; a decrease ct 54,100 was
applied to this activity.
- The Congress --educed agencywide consulting services ty $3.3 nil lion; a decrease 0f
$7~,00C was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of SI2,214,000 to the Research and Development
appropriation; a decrease of 5290,000 was applied to this activity.
- Q Core ^9 S S **n 3 'J C 0 - a go** ~ ^ a ^iy 52 ""i * ' * O 2 W5$
applied to this activity.
- An increase of $21,200 results fro:n the cost of the October 1983 pay raise and -s
induced in 3 proposed supplemental appropriation.
- '.eprogranmngs to -eal'gr salary and related costs tc neet on-board neeas resulted
m a transfer of $12,200 to other activities.
- Transfer of S757.700 fron air mobile sou»"Ces/non-energy, to realign contract funds.
- Trans*er of S*,HO,000 'ron ai--oxidents/non-energy, ir, o'-de'* to co-sol'.date a1'
carbon monoxide research activ'ties u"der the Mobile Sources Research Committee.
- 0VS Bulletin *S1-7, January 24, 1961, "riscal Year 1981 Trave1 Reduction", -eau'reo
agencywi de redJCfions tc trave'; the total reduction o* $1 ,"95,900 is being used to fui2
personnel conpensation anc benefits !°C5B1 deficits. The ¦•eduction applied to th's acf-vtv
is $10,100.
- -..n internal agencywide reduction of S6.55G.00C to eauisaent costs is being made m
order to *unc 'CJB deficits; the '•eduction arplioed to this activity is $312,-500.
- V. interna' agencyw.ae -eduction of S',~9Q,33C to othe- cont-actja" se-vices is rem;
made ir. order to £urc :'CiS deficits; the reduction applied to this activity 15 $21,000.
1932 Plan
The -ge.icy -eouests a total of $2,918,000 and 9 oe^arent wor*years fc this sup-program,
of wiicn $2,150,900 's for the Salaries and Exoenses aoo-opr-at 1 ?n >nd S"5','")0 's *o-
extramjral purposes under the ^esea-ch and Development approo-iation. "he dec-ease of
54,035,000 reflects the pnasi nn-dowr. of inhalat'on studies of the e'fects of dtesel oarfcles.
The '982 Proarar". w'l' consist c' (1) climca1 huina* Meal it studies of the e*'ect$ 0'
long-tern "ow level exposures to carbon mono/'de *mci we-e initiated in 19:' ir -?s~o-se to
program office information needs; {21 continuation of tne '930 oiolog'cal studies of tie
comparative carcinogenic potency of diesel exhaust and several surrogates utilizing m vivo
test systems (i ntratracneal instillation in hamsters and skin painting of mice!; and i'3">
continued development and application of in vivo and in vitro bioassay test systems whicr. nave
highe- sensitivity 3nd lower cost for use in evaluation of "uel and fuel additives, non-
regulated emissions fron noDile sources and the biological activity induced automotive
exhaust products in ambient air.
-------
..nance rrom ^anuarv r.eouest
This request represents a decrease of $33,300 and permanent workyears f^on the January
budget, o* which ST',300 ce developed, the tier bioassay protocol will be used to assess the
potential hea!th impact of autorot've emissions.
'SSI 3rocram
Ir. 1931, the Agency has allocated a total o* $955,400 and '1 permanent workyears
to *his sub-program, of which $545,700 is for the Salar'es and Expenses approoria:ion and
$405,700 is for extradural purposes under the Research and Development ipprcpriafcn.
- Research is pe'nc conducted to define the character of heavv-auty diesel engine
emissions. Darticular emphasis has been placed on those emissions which exhibit bioloc-cal
activity. Emissions fr;m in-use gasolines powe-ed vehicles are also oe'ng analyzed for
tneir chemical composition and biologic activity.
- A methodology -is being leve'iooed tc collect the gas phase emissions f-on both
gasoline and diesel engines that have not been previously character:zed m orde" to
;aentify rcssible biologic activity.
- Subject to 'uel availability, emission data wiv, be collected from a sma'l nunae'
oe diesel and gasoline vehicles operating on synthetic fuels. 'Hie '•el ationshi p Petween
fue- and emission compositions will te defined tc tne extent possible.
- 'Js;ng 3-way catalyst eauipoed passenger cars, tests will be conducted to measure the
sensitivity of emissions to variations in speed, load, and acceleration/deceleration rates.
1951 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The -esources reflected unde^ the 1931 budget estimate column are derived 'rom
"crosswal ic.ng" the program structure presented in the 1931 'resident's Budget sub-rssior
to the new structure as presented in the 1931 current estimate reflected m this subrn'ssion.
The details of the rest-ucturing of the research and develoonent program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this
submi ssion.
-------
"he net. :ecsise or' SZi-.SOC -esults 'ryn severs' actions, is '0'lows
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, Drendent Carter transnittec
revisions to the budget 'House Oocane«t 96-294); these ""evasions -esulted in a dec-ease of
S7 ,T>i 1" i or tc EPA's reauest for Sa1ar-.es and Ex senses, "he redaction applied to this
activity is S2.2C0.
- ""he Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by S850.000; a decrease of S500 was
applied to in is activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.3 million; a decrease sf
S5CC was applied to this activity.
- The Congress apclied a general reduction of 512,214,000 to the Research and
Development appropriation; a decrease of 55C.OOO was aoplied to this activity.
- An increase of So,000 results from the cost of the October 1930 oay raise and •%
included in a prooosed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammi ngs to realign salary and -elated costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of S2.203 fron other activities.
- Transfer S200.000 to air nooile sources/non-energy '$199,700) and to nonionizing
-adl atior./ncr-ene-gy 'S300), in order to realign contract funds.
- Agencywide increase are required in order to fund the °C39 deficits; the increase
acolied to tnis activity is >5,200.
- The Congress reduced agencywide A0P services by S2 million; a decrease of
S5.50C was aoplied to this activity.
"?32 31 an
The Agency recuests a total of 31,705,500 and 11 permanent workyears f0p this sub-
rrog-an, of umich Sc"",D0C ;s 'or the Salaries and Expenses approcr-adon and S". ,C2S.fCC
*'s 'or extranural purposes .*naer the 2esearcn and Development appropriation.
Tnis reflects an increase o* S750.100 whicn is due to 3 realignment of existing
:-ogrns ''omerly conducted unde*- health Ef'ect Sub-program) and allows 'or additional
cha-acterizat• on work wnich will focus on emissions frosi neavy-duty diesel venlc'.es and
•/en ides powered by synthetic fuels.
- Diesel emission characterization studies vnll continue tc enpnas'ze the identification
of the mutagenic component. While both light and heavy-duty diese": vehicles will be studied,
tre na:or focus will se olaced on neavy-duty vehicles.
- Lmssicn data will continue to be collected 'rem diesal and gasol;ne vehicles
oos-atir.g on syntnet'c *ueis. "Tie emssion data will be characterized cnemically,
onysica'ly, and biologically. The collection of soeci'ic fuels tc be tested will be
identified arvd prioritized by the regul atory and enforcement offices of EPA.
- As new technologies are used to control motor vencle emission, tests will be
conducted tc determine their inoact on environmentally imcortant unregulated pollutant
em ss ions. These tests wi1! be conducted under potentially ;npci~iant non-""s
conditions with variations in soeed, load and accelerjt'.on/oece!erafon rates. Tne
pollutants measured in this program -nclude conoounds such as hydrogen sul'ice, sulfuric
acid, rtyorogen cyanide, organic acids, and nitrates.
- Validation studies vril1 evaluate existing models that predict pooulation exposures
to notor vehicle emissions, ^e field data used 'or the validation effort will be ottamec
fron existing data bases.
Chance c-oo January Pecuest
This request represents a decrease of S2.200 from the January budget for Salaries
and Expenses. The decrease will not ~esult in any significant proa-aimatic inoact.
-------
3ases ar,c 3ar;-,c!e") '->q
32?
27
2.522
4.552
4,399
7,044
425
23
i.435
3,903
5 22?
4| 340
239
^oc
ivi•¦or-ier.tal 3'-cce:sv»" "~*?rt
2,206
£ nci
C7C
;->Q
. C - C -
Sa-jries and Expenses
Researcn and Devel crwjnt...
1 3 > 3c;
19^456
'3,179
20,941
11 ,114
1 a 17 "5
12,46!
1C 315
.7
1 , .
3rand >otci
31 .757
74,120 30,436
29,333
2- 3c
-------
Budqet
Current
Increase- *
Actual
Est inate
Est inate
Est ^iate
Decrease -
1930
} °? 1 *
1931
1932
19S2 vs. 1^81
"13nont ^3S*t*or$
Sc e"f*-,c Assess.nents
«
A
-•
5
Technical Information
and Liaison
5
6
6
.. •
Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
"TO
7 1
• i
5:
70
¦-.ea'.t" Effects
92
Q 5
5-
56
Envi-ormeta' Etmginee-ino
arvd "echnolcgy
c.
4
4
4
£nvironncntal Processes
and Effect
37
41
35
39
* H
Tctal
213
215
1M
-t-8
'•ul 1-time Eouivalercy
Sc--ant'*ic Assessments ...
6
8
0
3
Technical Inforr.at"":''
and -iaison
9
10
c
ic
•1
Monitoring Systems and
Quality Assurance
80
79
74
** 7
-3
-ea'th E'fects
i o "j
* ¦
» 'J i
66
63
~2
" ry ?*2^ ifiQ'' ocsri
anc "ethnology
*•
En. •••omental Processes
and Effects
43
52
42
50
• Q
752 255 335 TIU
"January 1990 -"¦-esiderT1 s 3udoet is adjust.ec by the Dffico c' Pesearch 2nd Devel os'-e^t
'-estr-jcfj'--15.
Budoet °.eouest
"he Agency -ecvests a total of S29.332.40C anc 130 rernanent wo rk years 'or 19:2,
i decrease c* SI. 154 ,?00 froi 19S;. inc'uded ;n this tcta! '' 312 .-i-f "D. 5". 2 e2~ Sa'a^'es
arc Expenses anc 315,?~ 1,?CC fjr xesnarcn an; Developneit, wth a" ""crease 5*'
S2.345.IC3 anc J decrease z* S3,499,300, rescecf ve'.y.
^roaran Descr• r-t i on
~his Droc^aT has been developed under the auscices of the Gases and ^articles
Research Co-nttes. The
-------
pollutants, assessment of ecological and naterial damage o' such polljtants, and determi-
nation of visioility inpai ment of 'ine oarticles. Tne orocrarr jeveloos and denerstrates
pollution control technologies capable of reducing or eliminating gaseous ana particulate
pollutant emissions from industrial point sources and provides technical and cost data
oases that «jooort regulatory standards for direct aoo^cat'on by mdustrv in solving
pollution problems. Chemical/physical measurement methods are developed and evaluated,
while the program also provides quality assurance support. In addition, tnis program
supports the design and operation of research monitoring systems and networks, and develop-
ment ard testing of exposure assessment methodologies.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1980 Accomplisnments
In 1930, the Agency used a total of $349,600 for this sub-progran, of which $235,400
was for Salaries and Expenses and $114,200 was for extramural research activities.
- A draft particulate matter/sulfur oxides criteria document was completed as required
by Section 108 of the Clean Air Act.
1981 Program
In 198'., the Agency has allocated a total of $454,300 and 5 permanent workyears to
tnis iub-proaram, of wnich $232,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation jnd
$172,100 is for extramural purposes under the Researcn and Development Approoriation.
- A SCX particulate criterta document drafted in 1930 as required by Sectio" 108 of
the Clean Air Act is being completed. The criteria document on lead will oe updated
as required 5-v -*e Clean Air Act with oeer and Science Advisory Board reviews to be
completed in 1932.
A draft issue paper is Demo completed on 'ibrous particles wh^cn will identi'y scien-
tific issues needing resolution prior to the development of a more in-depth health
assessment as required under Sections 112 and 122 of tne Clean Air Act.
19S1 Explanation of Change from Buooet Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are der've: f-on
"crosswalxing" the program structure presented in tne 1981 pres'dert's Budget suon-ssior
to tne new structure as presented in the 1931 current estimate reflected in this sunm-s-
sion. ''ne details of the restructuring of the research and develooment program, as we'i
as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in tne Special Analyses section of
this submission.
The net increase of $61,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, 'resident Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget 'House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of S7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $1 ,200.
- An increase of $3,200 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
incluaed in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign contract funds resulted in transfers from pesticides
scientific assessments (S17,900) and from air scientific assessment ($400).
Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the SCS8 deficits; the in-
crease applied to this activity is S41,000.
A- 3?
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;?£? i-
The Agency reouests a total of 5292,100 an<^ 5 permanent workyears 'or *.Ms sub-
rrcTii, of wMcn S21-.40S is for the Salaries and Z> pensss Acpropr; at ion and 5177,700
is for extramural purooses unser the Research an; Oe e'opnent
Th'fusion, "'oceling and Statistical Tecnniaues as ed 'n 'egulatory 2ec"s,on "a>:"-,o.
uigh Efficiency Control Svste-i.
infialable Particulates Studies and Sampler Evaluation and Sampling techn-jjos.
Sodi j- Condition 'or hit side electrostatic preci oi tato**s.
Dual A1 • Demonstration at ..ouisvil'.e 3as and Electric Ccoany.
- Fug;ti «e E^icsion Research Study.
"he s.e;,'ona! Se»%-ices Staff was responsible fa- elective communications between
0P0 and the regions. The Tecnnica! Ir.fcraation and Liaison activities heloed enable
C^D to cOTnunicate 'ts research -nfor-iation tc E'4's regional offices and t^ tie
erv-ron.-enta* decision -ia«.'nc co.nr.'jnty. cjrthei", they ass'sted t -.axinc setter
ions oossifcle, jHownc each to neet the needs
ertly.
coorrl* °.w* io~- ietwpon jPT' 'si
th® Dutl *c
1951 Jrcqran
!r 1931, the Agency has allocated a tota1 of 54;4,300 and 6 remanent wo-^years
to this sub-program, of wnich S3SS.20C is for the Salaries and Expenses Approor-iaticn
and 52c,SCO 1 s fo- extranural ourposes under the Research, and Oeveloptnent Approoriaticn.
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This part of the program is providing various research program and project summaries,
decision series documents, and technology transfer publications to wet Research Committee
requirenents. Technical Information Plans, listing the explicit information for this
research effort have been prepared throughout the year. Support Hill be provided to
cevel oo these information products and to distribute then to the appropriate users.
Support -"s also heing provided to manage information systems wt-ich track ORD's research
projects and resources.
Rsnional liaison activities are continuing as in 1930. To this end, such activities
will:
- Continue the Regional Support Management Information System.
- Develop and imp'ement a process to address the research needs of state and local
government in the OP.D planning process.
1951 Explanation of Chance frcn Budoet Estimate
The -esources reflected under the 1981 sua jet estimate coium" are derived fryi
"crosswalking" the procraa structure presented in the IPS! °"-e$i dent's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission,
"he details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as th®
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this
submission.
The net decrease of S2S.700 results *ror. several actions, as 'ollows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, Resident Carter
transmitted -evisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 mil Hon to CPA's recuest for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity is SI.300.
- The Congress reduced agencywide SES bonuses by 5750,000; a decrease of S3,200
was acolied tc this activity,
- The Congress -eoueed agencywide consulting se-vices by $3.4 m'llien; a decrease
of S36.300 was apo' ;ed tc tns activity,
- An increase of $4,100 results *rom the cost of the October 1950 Day rj-st-
and is included in a proposed supplemental apo'-opriation.
- A transfer of S3,300 was made to the radiation media in order support the
Radiation Policy Counc'l.
- 0ME Bulletin fSl-9, January 3C, 1981, "M.pratorium on Procurement of Centam
Equipment", reouired agencywide 'eductions to equipment; the total ^eduction
of $42! ,000 is oenc used to fund ?CSB deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is $",000.
- Agencywide increases are required in orde- to 'end the 3C$8 deficits; the -n-
crease applied to this activity is 9.000.
1S32 °1an
The Agency reouests a total of S449.100 and € permanent workyears for this sub-
program, of which $425,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $22,700
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase o* $34,300 which will slightly increase tne Technical
Information program's ability to prepare and disseminate technical -.rfonnatim
products tc the Research Committee, Congress, and the public.
A-90
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This suS-oroorjiB wi11 continue, in 1982, to provide the saw types of services 35
in 1931. ~nis includes the devel opment and production of technical information products
to insure that research information is properly and adeauately communicated to the envi-
ronmental decision maxing community. Specific products planned by tie appropriate
Research Committee will be developed. Support to manaqing systems which track ORD's
research projects and resources will be provided as wi'l strong liaison with Regional
offices, of a similar nature to that conducted in 1981.
Chanoe :ror- January Reouest
This request represents a decrease of SIC,200 from the Janua-v budget, of which
S6.000 if for Salaries and Expenses and S^,300 is for Research and Development. Tms
decrease will result in slightly less technical information support to the gases ana
particles research program.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
193C Accomolisftments
Jr. 198C, tne Agency used a total of 3,89","00 for this sui^-proorar., o' which
S2,63A,200 was for Salaries and Expenses and S5,263,500 was for extramural research
activities.
New stations were added to tne inhalable particulate network for a total of 12S stations.
Aaditional instruments were sited at all stations to allow for increased analysis of
nass, size, and chemical composition. This information is needed for establishment
and revision of standards for particulate matter.
Oja'ity assurance quioe'ines and audits were provided for the National Ai- Monitoring
Sites !Nt«S'; and the State and u>cal A^r Monitoring Sites (SLAMS;.
A new Tussive air sampler capable of collecting very large amounts of atmospheric
particles 'or later che-.ical analysis and pioassay '.e.g. Ames test) was deve'opec.
Systems for oeteminmo the chenical composition of fine particles collected Dy
Jichotomous samplers were tested and apoliee to field monitoring studies.
19SI Prpcra"
In 1931, the Agency nas il located a total cf Si, 100 ana 6? permanent wor
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Chenica' ar.a'ysis face meta's and statistic?1 analysis of trends at the nation*'
ai- ~«nitor;.
CMS Sullefi" »3'-?, January 24, 1931, "F'scal Year 1931 "ravel 'educt-on' ,
reauired agencywide 'eduction to travel; the total -eduction of SI,"93,900 is
bemc used to 'und personnel compensation and benefits (SCS3* deficits. This
-eduction applied to this activity is S6.300.
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- An interna' agencywiae reduction of $1 ."90,330 to otne' contractual services
is being made :r order to fund DCiS deficits; the reduction applied to tfi"• s
activity is $26,000.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total of S8,388,100 and 70 permanent workyears for this sub-
program. of wnich $4,484,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and S3,903,200
is for extradural purposes under the Research ana Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $214,000 which will increase tne support 'or the in-
nalable particulate ci* Quality sampling network.
Air measurements will continue to be developed, evaluated and optimized and measurement
systems for criteria and non-criteria pollutants tested, evaluated, and demonstrated.
EPA momtonng methods will be standardized; alternative methods will be evaluated
and certified as eauiva'ent to Federal Register methods upon passing prescribed perfor-
mance standards. Standards and reference materials will continue to be maintained
and supplied to laboratories on request. Performance audits of 'equestmg laboratories
will continue to be supplied for criteria pollutants and for sulfates and nitrates.
Special audits (unanticipated) will also be carried out. Performance specHfications
will :>e developed and tested *or continuous emission monitors (CEM) usee by tie Enforce-
ment Office. Support will continue to be provided for the New Source 3erforman;e
Standards (NSPS) Program mandated by the Clean Air Act.
Quality Assurance 'CJA) guidelines, audits, reference sanp'.es, and other supoort w'l
continue to be provided to organizations monitoring air pollufon sources and ambient
a'" quality, including the new National Air Monitoring S>;tem/State and Loca' Ai'
Monitoring System JNAMS'SLAMS) network mandated ay tne 19?? Clean Air Act Amendments.
Vol j Ties I! anc 'I; of the OA Handbook will oe auaitented, updated, anc dist'ibuted to
users. Performance audits and other QA wi'l be supc'ied for CEMs. OA will also be
supplied for tne Office of Air Quality banning and Standards (0AQ&S) studies and
i?'~ "esearch 'aaoratories involving air measurements. Tne Agency's mandatory Quality
Assurance °rogrd!- estaolisned by tne Administrator will continue to be implemented.
- The -nhalable particulate (IP) network will operate 180 stations throughout :?82.
Twerty additiana1 stations will be adde* dunnc the year. The -ass, size. ap2
che-iical composition of particulates wi'l be measured at each stafon, as requested
Dy 0A0pS.
Change Frpr. Janue-y Reauest
The reauest represents a decrease of $-14,000 from the January budaet, of which
$32,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $381,100 is for Researcn and Development,
'us decrease w.li -esult m 'ewer auality assurance audits performed on state and
loca" air monito*'ng networks.
ALT" EFCECTS
1930 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $11, 30"",300 'or this Sub-program, o' w»iich
$6,40?,70C was for Salaries and Expenses and $4,893,100 was for extramural research
actlvi 11 es .
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- Tne first phase of stucy to define the decrements in lung 'unction associated with
exercise, increase; temperature, and losace vrth bronchoconstrictor drugs was
conpleted. This study provided baseline health data and de'ined the worst case
situation for unexposes subjects. The data will be used in a Phase I! project wnicr,
has beer, initiated to study the acute health effects in humans with reseated exposure
to va-ious pollutants and experiencing physical activity and thermal stress. The
pollutants of interest include sulfuric acid, anaronium 5?sulfate, amoniusi sulfate,
and ammonium sulfate, and amonium nitrate, alone and in combination with ozone,
sulfur dioxide, and ni t-ogen dioxide.
- Acute and intermittent exposures of norma1 and impaired animals to arsnoniua sulfate,
a 'ine-mcae pollutant, were completed. Results from this study will provide
toxicological data relevant tc determining the need for a s*ze resolved standard 'or
¦nha'atle particulate matter.
- Acute and intermittent exposures of mice and hamsters to ammonium sulfate, ammonium
bisulfate, and ammonium nitrate to provide data on dose-resoonse relationships for
effects on host defense mechanisms against infectious respiratory disease were
completed.
- The first phase of a problem definition study which, in conjunction with a oanel of
experts, can serve as the 'oundation for planning apideciiologica" studies or, 1-1H3I-
able particulates was completed. This project identifies problem areas in current
knowledge and needed research, and determines the types of studies which offer a hi an
probability of success ,'ay, focusing on respiratory mechanical parameters in young, healthy male sub-
jects. Endpoints tc be measured include respiratory functioning, spirometry, anc
exercise stress e'fects.
The next phase of the problem definition study 'or epidemiological research on
innalable particles 'ol'ows upon the first stage, which -«s completed last yea'.
3otential study communities will be identified by oa-ticulate pollution Isve1 s and
character!zed with respect to demographic, industrial, socioeconomic, and other
important pa'ameters to support final selection of communities for 'uture epidemio-
logical studies identified by the Phase I inhalable particulate problem definition
study.
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- Asthmatic patients m Cc-'pradc are t>eing evaluated 'or synctom aggravation, pulmonary
'unction ciances, and ;ge -' .5s anc med'ca' car? " rel at^oi tc rarcicu'ite ii*
' *'j* . ^Sffn3t'CS "iv® r°f?r. 'or Stw^y T" 9C 2- S 9 ,"9rf*6S9rit 2 Su3S9t
of the oopu'ation sensitive tc it coll-ticn.
1931 Explanation cf Chance •"¦on Budget Estimate
"he resources reflected unaer the 1931 budget estimate co'umr are derives *rom
"c'osswa* *1nc " the r^o'jra-i structure ?resen*>?d in the- l^Sl President's Budget submission
tc tne new structure as presented ~r tne 1991 cur-en; est'mate rejected in this sub.irs-
$ > on. Trie details of tne restructuring o' the research and development or per an, a; oe11
as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses secfcn o'
th's submission.
The net decrease of $1,528,500 results froa several actions, as follows:
Shortly after 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget ^House Document 95-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
o*" S7 million tc E3A's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $22,000.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by S25C.900; a decrease of S-,50C
was applied to tnis activity.
Tie Congress "educed agencyw-de consulting services by S3.5 mi1 Hoi; a decrease
o* $69,900 was aonl'ed to this activity.
"he Cjr.g-ess reduced agencywice Senior Executive Service bonuses by $753,303; a
defease o< S2S.20C was acpl-ed tc tiis activity.
The Congress acoHei a general ¦"eduction cf $12,21A.90C to the Research and
Development aocronr-at 'on; a decrease of $792,000 was aoplied tc this activity.
"he Congress -educed agencywice nDP services by $2 mi'lion; a decease z* S^.'OC
was apcl-ec to this activity.
An increase of iA0,203 results fron the cost cf the October 193C cay raise and -s
included in a proposed suocl ement.al acoropr-ation.
^ecorgra-mincs tc real ion salary and re'ated costs to meet on-fcoard needs -esu^te
ir a transfer of $47,51C frem tn's activity.
^ transfer of $"",100 was made to the Office of Insoector General in or-j»- to c-ov
additional resources to tnat Office.
tranfer cf 335c,'30 was made to 3'r hazardous OoHutantS non-energy in orce- t D
realign. *unds between the Hacar-ious Air 'ollutants °.esearcn Connittee and the lases arc.
'artic'es Research Committee so that both Committees can acccmslish their reaui-ed resear
3"? 3ulletin #31-~, January 2i, 19S1 , "fiscal Year 198' Travel ?educfon", -ec.r-
agencywice reductions to fave' ; tne total -educt'on c* SI, 795,900 is be;ng used t: e\.r.".
oe-sonne1 conrensation and oenefits i^C^B} deficits. The --eduction applied to tns act-
ivity is $5,400.
- Vi internal aaencywide -"eduction of So,550,000 tc eGuioment costs 's being mane
in orcer tc 'und "IE deficits; the -"eduction acrHed tc this activity is $3*0,IOC.
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1922 Plan
Tne Agency r»cuests a total of 59,561,800 and 56 pe"manent workvears for this sub-
program, of which S5,221,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and SA,340,300
is for extramural purposes under the Sesea-ch and Development Appropriation.
This rejects a aecrease of SI,371,700 'or eoide-noloaica1 studies; some efforts
wi 1 : continue via our concetit've grants orocram, targeted to improve our understand: nc
cf the human health impacts to SZK exposures.
Inha'atlor. studies wi11 continue on hunar> volunteers exposed to 'ioe-mode (0-2.5 micro-
meters • aerosols which mc "u nitrate;
alone and m com&ination with ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
- Deve^pment and utilization of animal models from which information about deposition
of particles in the lungs can be extrapolated to humans will continue.
- Development and application of techigues for studying pulmonary function in both
normal animals and m animals with respiratory disease will continue ta focus on
improving the extrapolation of aninjl data to humans who are at r,s-. *>o~ expcsu-e
to air pol lutants.
Studies wi' 1 pe conducted on the inhalation toxicity of carbor, c^aric pa'tic'es,
and cas fixtures. 'Jata collection will tie underway in -esearcn to develop and compare
and alveolar epithelium. The results should establish tne validity of culture models
for short-term screening of particles for lure toxicity.
Change P'-pm January Reouest
Tnis reouest represents a decrease of S2,678,600 and 15 permanent worirvears f^o^
the January budget, o* wMcn S673,60C is for Salaries and Expenses and S",000,000 's
fo' Research and Development. This decrease will result m elimination of epidemiological
studies of exposures to sulfates and otner particile< pe-'ormed 3y E-A laboratories. ~he
decease m tne sala'ies and expenses aco'osriation $ 3 resj't of a sni't in 'esou-es tr
hazardous -ollutants Non-Energy health E'fects.
env: stream control was completed. Tnis
information is a
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£ pre": ••?.?na»y environmental assess-aent r'cr the "oi-icoke process was cosiol ?te£ to
support 'he Department o* Energy. "his new process, w*iich is ar alternative to conven-
tional cokeaaking, offers tne corn se of el iminating coke oven eni ssions.
A pro}'mir.a*¦ v environments1 assessment -va? completed 'or the suomerqed arc fer*">al1ov
'ur-iace wmcn idenffiec :nis industrial orccess »s a major emitter of ca'cnocenic
Tp 1Q - * h2$ ^ ! or2t °d 2 0* ^ ^ 2 » 0 2nd •» 36 r^2 ns* t W3 V9 i »c
this sjt-orcgran, wtsicr, $22*,30? :s for the Salaries anc Expenses Apcrop'iat ;on ant;
$555,600 ;s for ext"amural purposes under the Research and development Appropriation.
A major technical support program is being undertaker, to evaluate Nonferrous Smelter
Order proposals that are received from industry by the Office of Enforcement. This
program is required by Section 119 of the Clean Air Act. Technical assistance 'S being
orovided to Regional Offices and other governmental organi zations Involved ir lmplemen-
' r, this delayed compliance oroe' for primary cooper, leac. and zinc smelters.
~ne oemonstrat i or. of participate controls 'or opep sources m steel plants is oe'rg
supported. charged 'ogger is be-ng evaluated at two steel slants imp1 ementati on
31ais. 1 "est "gngrt and use-s manual will be punished 'or each demonstration,
- Assessments o' gaseous and 'nha^able particulate emissions fron the ferrous meta'l-rgy
>r 'erroalloy industries is being continued. Advanced air pollution control techno-
logy tnat shows orpmi$e is being identified for possible large scale demonstrat" on ir
later years.
1931 Explanation of Chance -~ron Budoet Estimate
"be resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate coljmr are derived *'rpn "crosswaK-
iic" tie program structure presented m the '9°1 •'resident's Budget submission to tie
new structure as Presented in trie '931 current estimate reflected in tnis suDnrssion.
"he detai1! of the rostryctjr-ng o* the research and ieve1ocr>ent proorim, as we'" as ".he
prpsswa''. of resources •tsel', can be 'ourvj ir. the Special Analyses Section th's
sutm- = s- on.
"he net decrease o* >55,500 -esults 'ron several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the '931 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitter
revis'ons to the budget (House Document 96-29i'-, these revisions 'esu'ted in a
tecrease of S~ million to E3A's -eouest for Salaries and Expenses. The reauction
applied tc this activity is SI,200.
- "he Congress jppiiec a general reauct'on o* $*2,214,000 to the Research and
Deve'opment apprppr12cion, a decrease of 565,000 was applied to this activity.
•'•r increase o' $1 ,700 results from the cost o' the October !930 pay -a-se in -s
included ' r, j proposed supplemental appro?--at ion.
- Reprogrammings to real 'gr salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of SI ,000 from th'S activity.
latter
97
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1922 D1ar
The Agency reouests a total of S237.60C and £ remanent workyears for this sub-
program, of »*iich S23S,7C0 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and S59S.900
is 'or extramural purposes under the Research and Development Acorcriaticn.
This reflects an increase of $24,""GO for support of the Nonferrous Smelter Order
program.
Activities *n 1932 will •>» a continuation of the three major prcorals undetaken ir.
¦ 991. Speci f i cal 1 y,
Support to the Office of Enforcement will continue in evaluating Nonferrous Smelter
Order (NSO; proposals and making technical recommendations for compliance delay on a
case-by-case basis. It is expected that by 19S2 the "SO program wi1! be well underway
with active projects at several smelter 'acilities.
- The demonstration of controls for open sources of particulate emissions in steel plants
will continue. Imoroved technologies will be tested ana evaluatea.
Assessment: of unit process eissions in the ferrous metallurgy industry will be
continued.
Change :-c^ January Reauest _
Th's 'e^uest represents a decrease o' S27,?0C *rom the January budget, o* wnich
52,830 is for Salaries and Expenses and $24,IOC is for Research and Development. Th;s
decrease will result in the deferrai cf a demonstration o*" particulate controls at a
ferroalloy plant.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1960 Accomplishment;
In 19S0, the Agency used a total cf S9,905,900 'or this sub-program, of wtiich
S2,251 ,300 was for Sa'ar-ies and Expenses and S 7,5-15,500 was for ext-amural research
activities.
The effects cf airborne sulfur pollutants on materials i'n the Regional Air ^ollut'on
Study ;n the St. Louis Area were determined and the data will be used in the Agency's
SCV^articulates Criteria Document.
- Effective sampling tecnniques for oa-ticulate emissions from 'ou' atypical stationary
source categories were developed and evaluated; these technnues may be used by regula-
tory and enforcement offices.
- A national Croc Loss Assessment Network was designed, peer-reviewed, and 'ield-
imp'.emented to provide po'lutant dcse-crop yield responses 'or important agricultural
crocs crown under norma1 cultural regimes in various geographical regions of tie 'J.S.
The impacts o* SO? and pollutant mixtures are be^ng evaluated. These data are neeoed
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*'pr rji cuiating economic effects of air pollution or acricjltjre and for establishing
scientifically defensible Secondary Air Quality Standards.
Research has see'' "mtiated tc suantify interactive effects o* mixed pollutants on
croc ..ie'ic. Results cf this research to date ha.e established that the th«*esnc'. d 'sr
1 ore-ten SO? effects on growth, nitrcae" "Mxation and duality of alfalfa ;s a ~ecan
concentrafori of 3.04 33m. The addition of 0.05 ddr 0^ did not change this
relationship.
1981 srpcr;n
In 193'. tne Acency nas allocated a total 0* $9,19*,50C and 35 oe*~"tanent wc^yea-s
tc this suri-orogran, of which $2,235,200 is for the Sa'aries and Expenses Aoorocr'itior
and $6,991,300 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Deve1ocment App«"coriat 1 on
Urban plune napping of a city dominated by heavy and licht industries is being conducte
to assist m validating the AR0S01-IIS. an aerosol suhmolel designed to provide 1-hr.
C V*1 f3 CC V w \ 'J 2 S r pr * "V* "* V * r*" ^ $C ^ ""• * S S » 5 'J' ^1 * C »v d''° *" C 7 ^ h 2 *" v >
secondary soj-ces, nucleatior., ccndensafcn, coal-¦at;on, sulfate photo formation, and
C ry depOS i *.' On .
- Stucies are being conducted to provide data on •nulti-dav dispersion and t-ansfornation
?rocess-?s that axfect the distributions and composition ~S secondary t>o'' utants, as
we" 1 as provide new data on processes affecting ''cent*, fiaole urban and industrial
pollutant p lines.
"'eld studies wi11 be mtiated to determine the effects of sulfur diox;de or. cowne""-
cially important trees. Information will be used for the development of a'r quality
critria for sulfur dioxide.
Tne acute 3nd chloric effects of sul'ur dioxide on the genetics and sensitivity o*
native ooojl at • ens of plants wll be assessed. Th? project will provide 'nfenafon
re'evant to the occurrence of chances t"e sens'tivity or resistance of rl3nt copu-
lations induced ?y exposure tc sjHur dioxide.
- Receptor models a-e being developed to estimate tne impact of sou'-ces at 'eceotor
s* tes. T n i s cou*c *ead to elimination o' the need £or expensive emission inventories
'n oevelopmc cost effective State Implementation 01ans.
1?31 Explanat'or. c* 2uanoe from gudget £stmat°
The net decrease of S1.12S.C00 results from several actions, as follcws:
Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submtted, ^resident Carter transmitted
revisions to the Dudcet 'House Document ?6-2?Ai; these revisions resulted in a decrease
o* S" -r'licr tc l~~'s reauest *or Salaries and Expenses. The ^eduction aprVed to *.!"•<
activity is SIC.TIC.
- The Congress reduced agencyvnde travel costs by $350,COC; a decrease of S4.50C was
apo'ied tc this activity.
The Congress ro^ced agency«nde consulting sc/'ces by S3.2 mi'lion; a decrease 5*'
S12,~00 was applied to this aefvity.
The Congress applied a general reduction of -I2,214,0CC to the P.esea-ch and Develo
ment appropriation; a decrease of S 7 7 7 ,000 was applied to this activity.
The Cong-ess -educed agencywide ADC services by Z2 million; a decrease of $23,3"?
was applied to this activity.
Ar. increase of $29,900 resu'ts fror- tne cost of the October '930 oay raise and ¦:
included m a proposed supplemental appropriation.
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td *"931 i QH S3l3**V 3fld r 01 .11 ?
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= eo< cat scve no-e's w" ! pe develoreO '^r tne an? fans'ofiat'o" ;•*
cases and ^artic'. es to ored'ct tne effects of mcust-y-related enissto^s.
- van;jscriots will oe Dreeared which related Sjo and 3O5/O3 dose-resocse functions
for ?'ants 5'wf utser different noistu«*e regi-nes for use *n the ooss'Me ••evis^ons
of sulfjr dioxide air qyal'ty standards.
Charge fry; January ?e;ues*-
Th's re-jest represents 2 decrease of S2C2.300 *r(ri the Janwa^v budoet, of w»"'ch
S-17.70D is 'or Salaries and ixoe"ses and Sir;,'CO ic ""or Research and Oevel-"^tent. TV;
decease wi 11 result reduced e*'forts 1 n assessing tne effects of sulfur oxides
especially or coos and vegetation.
-------
Hazardous A;r Pol'utarts
Budget Current inceiie*
Actual Estinat" Estimate Estimate Decease-
' ?Sr, '951 • 195* 'r^Z '96? vs. l§e>
r?0l larj tMOJiJlIS'-
Appropriation
Scienti fic
Assessments;
Salaries ar.c Expenses $1,154 SI ,083 $1 ,207 S> ,<55 -$52
Research anc Development.. 400 600 600 43£ -194
Tecmital Infomation and
Liaison:
Salaries anc Expenses..... 104 102 102 103 -1
Research and Development.. 1 6 6 6
"on:toeing Systems an
Qujl'tv Assj-ante:
Salaries aid Expenses,,... ",152 1,374 1,344 2,355 • *52*'
Research and Development,. 2,263 2,245 2,274 J ,253 -1,021
Hea'ti Effects:
Salaries 3nc Expenses 387 345 1,454 ' ,63s? -'64
Vesea-*;-. anj Deve' os^ent.. 2,159 3,053
51' i «o?
-iv •, -orrnenta i engineering
and Technology:
Sa'aries anc Expenses ?11 214 215 226 -H
'-¦esear;r. anc Devel oament... 536 505 524 562 -38
farmer,tal Processes anc
£f f ac* 5 ;
Salaries anc Enoenses 2?3 300 300 39? -97
Research and Developnent... 1 ,194 1 ,266 1,127 1 ,160 -33
Salaries a"cl Expenses 4,335 4,0'8 5,122 5,334 -'52
^esear-m anc Devel oament... 6,533 *, "75 6.432 4 ,3?> -1 ,54g
Granc *otal... 10,889 1 1 .793 11 ,554 10. ?68 -'86
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AIR
H3Z3~1 >JS 'i r Pollutants
Burioet Current Increase*
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Oecease-
1930 193?* '93'; 19S2 1952 vs. 1
j-S • r> thousands.
22$ 1 t * C"r S
Sci »n;-, fie
Assessments:
?0
25
25
25
• •.
Technical Information
ans Liaison:
2
2
?
2
•. •
Monitor-nc Systems and
Quality Assurance:
41
50
40
35
-5
Hea1t* :* f»CtS:
6
6
21
21
..
Envi -omenta^ Engineering
ans "echnologv:
c
4
-
4
Environnental Processes
and Ef'ects:
5
6
5
6
. i
Total:
78
33
o;
93
"till -Tisen ta" Engineering
an* 'echnology:
7
5
7
-
» • •
Eivironnental Processes
and E'*ects:
5
6
5
6
-1
'otal
99
! 36
11;
3uCcet "eouest
"he Agency reouests a total of $10,753,000 and 93 per-nanent workyears 'c
'922, a decrease of $73i,i0D 'rcn ^Si. Included in this tota1 '5 SS.SH-.OCC
'or Salaries an: Excesses and $-5,384,30C 'or Research and Development, *'.tn an
increase of $762,600 and a decrease of S1,$A7,00G, respectively.
aroara~ Description
Tfns program has Seen developed jnde- the auspices of the Hazardous Air
Pollutants Research Committee. The disciplinary components (or suO-proorams1
o' the prograr »re : r-tecrated into ar ove-all research e'fo~t desicnes to pro-
duce outputs clear',y focused on Aqencv -esearch needs in this subject a-ea.
-------
The ove'J1 1 prograr provides data which can be used by regulator;/ deci sion-nak.ers
to determine: (a* tie human nealth risk associates with exposure ts certain anoie^t
air cner-i-cals; (a) tie sou-ce of those cie^ica'^s; and ic) me technical feasibility and
costs of 'educing lunar exposure to mose chemicals. The program develops anc i-p-oves
tecn-'tues for generating tie data listed above so tnat more accurate, f."ster arc '.ess
exoers-. ve estimates of "sk "ay be generated; no re realistic or-prit'es for '»?j!it'0"
of cienica' species may be developed; *i2_>or sources o' the chemicals ~av be r-ore
accurately oe'med; and .^ore efficient, less costly control devices can be made ava^l36
Currently, the highest priority of the research program is to provide assistance
in tne implementation of the Airborne Carcinogen Policy. However, there is a modest
program to evaluate the non-carcinogenic properties of chemicals that -night be regulate'
under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act as well. Some of the major features of the
program are: (1) generation of auantitatlve risk estimates based on 1; te^at'jre data
for cner-.icais being considered for regulation; (2) identification of the cnew-.ca",
soecies, corcentratior anc biological activity of ambient ai- pollutants an; pollutant
source em ssions to aid in tne selection of chemicals for regulation; ,2] oererafor
of animal test data which is of suf'icient quality for ns< estimate determnat i ons;
ceve'opnent of standard analytical che"1cal methods, wnci will be part of tie
c-pmu! sated hazardous air pollutant regulation; f5; evaluation and deve'oo^eit z*
control technologies primarily designed to reduce organic clerical emissions; [£''
evaluation of 3 signi'iciant nuroer of chemca's for human health e'fects othe- than
cancer; and ¦'7 * development of .methods whicn will enable .more accurate, 'aste- aid
less expensive estimates of human health effects from animal and other test systems.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-proqram, are presented individual "v
in tie 'o'.lowng material.
sc:»?;t:rc -ss;ssh;t
193C Acconplislnents
".n '930, :r,e Agency used a total of SI ,:S;,300 'or this sub-p-scram, ?' wr-c>>
$1,"52,70C was for Salaries anc Expenses and 5*00,00? was for extranj-al "-esearcn
act iv ties.
Reports on the carcinogenicity of 14 a' r Pollutants were conp'eted wmci
were used by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards to prior'tize
chemicals for future regulatory evaluation.
- i quantitative risk assessment on the carci nogem ci ty o' arsenic was
conpleted. This report was one of the documents roQUired to classi'y
arsenic as a hazardous air pollutant. An assessment of benzene was
competed wmch was subsequently used by the Agency to sjpport tie
3e>-el co-ient of emission standards 'or benzene emittnc sources.
2arc-logenci ty -eports on 6 chemicals tiat are candidates 'or listing
as iazarcous ai- pollutants jncer the -gency's p-ooosed Air Cancer
30!-.cy were completed and have been submitted to the Science Advisory
Board for review.
-------
0raft co^rrenensive oea'th .;ssess^>?nt documents were completed or fie
fpl'pwioo 9 air oo'1 ^taits : -letny'eoe cn1o'*de. netny'c,-.'orofor-,
' i uo^oca rD0^ "'3, t"' ch 1 oroetiv' ene, ethylene d;cnlorice, pe""-
chlornethylene, arsenic, vinlidene chloride, and acryion-tri le.
1931 'rogram
!r> 19S1, '.fe Agency has allocated a total of SI,806,400 and 25 permanent
wc-<.years to this sub-progran, o' whicr, SI ,206.500 is 'or the Salaries mi Expenses
Appropriation and S599.900 is 'or extramural purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment Appropriation.
Ca rci nogemc i ty evaluations with unit "is* estimations will be completed
on approximated 21 cnemicals. Chenica's cur-ently being studied are benzp
(a* oyrene, cadmium, ethylene dichloride, nickel, vinylidene Chloride,
formaldehyde, chlorofonn, acrolein, chloroprene, dichlorooenzene, nexa-
chlcrocyc1opentaaiene, phenol, vinyl chloride, polychlorinated biphenyls,
carbon tetrachloride, dioxane, acethylene tetrachloride.
- Mutagenicity evaluations and/or separate ris* analyses will oe completed
for o of 21 cancer chemicals.
- Exposure assessment reviews and/or technical assistance will be provided
usmg tie new Aoency guidelines for up to 9 Type ii assessments. Com-
pronensive health assessments will be conpleted on Tietn/'.ene ch'or-ae,
*1 uoroc3rbon 113, trichloroetnvlene, methyl cnioroform, tetrachloroethylene,
ethylene dichloride, acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride, and arsenic.
- WorK will be initiated on a health assessment document on toluene for tne
C"ice of Air Quality Planning and Stanoa-ds anc the Toxic Substances
'"¦¦.ority Committee. Health assessments will also be initiate: on 3-5
otne- chemicals which will ae determined later by the Office of Air duality
'laniinc and Stand3-ds.
'961 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
"he -esources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate colunn are de*'ved
'-"on "crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 19S1 President's
i-.udget submission to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current esfmate
rv'iected m this suOmission. The details of the restructuring o' tie research
and deve'oonert program, as well as the cosswalk of resources 'tsel', car ;e
founc tne Special Analyses section of this submission.
rne net increase of 5123,300 --esults from several actions, as 'o'lows:
Snortly after the 1981 oudget estimate was subletted, 3resicent Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget v'-iouse Document 96-29-}; these
revisions resulted in a decrease of S' million to EPA's --eauest for
Salaries and Expenses. ~he reduction applied to this activity 's
Si,703.
Tne Congress --educed agencyw.de travel costs by S350.000; a decrease of
SZ.OOC was applied to tms activity.
-------
Tne Co^g^ess reduce; aaencywiae consulting services by S3.3 ?.i' 1 i on;
3 oecrease of $12,500 was applied to this activity.
~ne Congress reduced acencvwide Senior Executive Service bonuses by
S""50,0C3; a decrease of $2,530 was applied to tnis activity.
- An increase of $15,400 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay
-aise and is included in a proposes supplemental appropriation.
- ReprograTOnings to red'ion contracts and salary and related costs to
neet on-board needs resulted in a transfer of $69,400 to tnis activity.
DMB 3'jlletin »Sl-7, Janua-y 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1931 Travel Seduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900
is being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits ("CSB) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activity is $8,300.
Aaencywide increases are rgaui'ed in order to fund the PCS8 deMcits; the
increase appl'ed to this activity is $70,000.
1982 °lan
The Agency roauests a total of S1 ,561 ,800 and 25 Remanent work-years for
this sub-orogram, of which $1,155,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses
App-opriation and $405,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research anj
Oevelopment Appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $244,600. This decrease reflects a s^ght reduction
in comprehensive health effect assessments.
- rhe scientific assessment program will provide continuing nealtn hazard
assessment support to the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Comprenens i ve health effect assesswnts with unit risk estimations wi i 1
be completed for 21 of 30 chemicals or, if needed, 12 to 15 exoanaed
Type I assessments will be conducted for the Agency.
- Mutagenicity evaluations will be completed for 5 of 30 chemicals to
support tne Agency's Airborne Carcinogen Policy.
Tecnmcal assistance will oe provided on mutagenicity or reDroouct ve
toxicity policy matters and work will be initiated on four non-carcinogeni;
health hazard assessments to be selected from the carcinogen dropout list
or other 3A0PS priorities.
- Exposure assessment reviews and/or technical assistance will be provided
using the new Agency exposure guidelines for up to 9 Type II risk assess-
ments.
Change F^or January Request
This request represents a decrease of $13,700 from the January budget, of
which $3,400 is tor Salaries and Expenses and $10,330 is for Research and
Development. This decrease will result in fewer risk assessments for non-
carcinoganic compounds.
-------
TECHNICAL jSFO'WION VC LIAISON
1980 Accomplishments
In 1930, the Agency usea a total of 310£,300 'or tnis sub-oroarara, a' wnicn
jlCS.JOC was for Salaries anc Expenses ana SI .000 was for extramural '¦esearcn
activities.
in 1980, the Technical Information Program supported the preparation and
publication of the Research Out', ook, the Research Hignl ights. technica' infor-
mation plans and guidance ana otner general documents ofinterest to the
environmental decision waning community. It also provided ORG with information
systems necessary to effectively plan and manage its research projects and
resources. Specific accomplishments in the area of Hazardous Air Pollutants
included the Airborne Toxic Organic Chemicals.
"he Peiiona1 Servi;es Staff 'SSS; proviied for e"ective communications
oetweer, 3RD and the Regions.
Iriji P-oqram
!r. 19SI . tne aqency nas a1 located 5 tatal of S'CP.,~00 and 2 permanent
wo'vyears to this sub-program, of wnicn >iC2,23Q 's for tie Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation an; S6.200 is for extramural purposes under the Research
arc Ceve"opnent Appropriation.
- The Regional Services Staff (SSS* wll continue to se've as a iiaison
between OPC ana tne Pegio-'s. Spec 'i ca' "v, PSS wil". continue tr
s-SDort the fsegiona- Support Va-aoemgnt in'o-nation System and wi "
aeve'op and mo". en»?t i process tc address the research neeas of state
ana 'oca. governments m the 2RS planmna process.
Various research program and project summaries, aecisior se'ies
documents, and technology transfer publications to meet Research
Committee requirements will be proviaeo. "ecnnical information 3lans,
listing the explicit information products 'or tnis research effort
wil", oe prepared. Support will be providea to manage information
systems which track ORD's research projects and resources.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected uncer the 1931 budget estimate column are derived
from "crosswalKing" the progran structure presented in the 1981 Resident's
Budget suomission to the new structure as presented in tne 1981 current estimate
reflected m this submission. The details of the restructuring of the researcn
ana development program, as well as the crosswalk of resources itse'f, can oe
founc in tne special analyses section o' tms submission.
Tne net 'ncrease of $400 results from several actions, as follows;
Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to tne budget (House Document 95-2941; tnese
revsions resulted in a aec-ease of S7 million to EPA's reauest 'or
Sa'aries and Expenses. Tne reduction applied to this activity is $400.
An mcrease of 51 ,200 results from the cost 0' the October '.980 pay raise
-------
anc is included m a proposed supplener.ta' aoD'op-iet'on.
- Reprogr»-;-iinc? to realicn sa'a'y and -elatec costs to ~eet on-board neess
-esulted m a transfer of S-3? to trsi s activity.
~n interna' agei-ywide -eductio' of 35,550,030 to eau*. anient costs is &em?
nade in order to func deficits; the reduction applied to th;s activity
is SI0,300.
Agencywide increases are required in order to fund tie PCSB deficits;
the increase applied to this activity is SS.90G.
1982 -Man
The Agency requests a total o' $1 09,500 tne 2 permanent wo?-*: years 'c this
S'.:-;rca,-jr, of which S1O2.A0? 's *or the Sala^es ana Expenses Approcriatior aro
Si.'OC is 'or extranural purposes j-.de" the Researcr. anc Oeve^pinent Appropriation.
This reflects an increase of SI,100 in technical information services.
This sub-program will continue to p-ovide the sane types of services as in
• ??1. This inclucfes the development and production of technical infomafon
products to insure that research information is properly and adequately communicated
to the environmental oecisio" r.a».ir.y co^iur,-, ty. Sceci'ic "oducts planned by t*<>
Hazardous -1 r =ollutants Research Oorraittee will be deve'ooed. Suooort to r.anage
systems wnch tract ORD's research projects and resources wi1 be pro»i.;ed.
Regional liaison activities will be continued.
Crar^e " January Request
"here is no change fron the January recuest.
MOW I TOEING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1952 Acconpl ¦ shunts
> !93C, the Acency usee a total o' J':,5C0 for this sub-progran, o*
"¦nicr. S2,i52,3CC was 'or Salaries and Expenses and S2,262,200 wa; for extra-
dural researcn activities.
Analytical methods were developed 'or chlorinated hydrocarbons,
non-nethane hydrocarbons, cote oven emissions, cac~iu^, anc NCr.
These hazardous air pol'utants representee the highest priorities
o' the 0":ce of Air Ouality Planning and Standards 'or oror.ul ;ati 13
regulations.
- The repository 0' standard reference samples for hazardous ai- pollutants
was increased and maintained m order to maintain high quality oolutant
~e a surer, sits .
As oart of tne cua'ity assurance program, audits were completed as
scheduled at Regional. Stat®, and 'ocal r-.onitori.ng laboratories.
3uooo-t was orovidec "or the mandatory Quality assurance operation 'n
the E?' nonltor-nc anc support 'aooratories.
- A -nansatory duality assurance progran was estaolisned to provide tecnm-
ca1 :uicance, support and overview to assure tnat tne -aency will nave
-------
environments'. data of known duality that is appropriate 'or i'k needs.
In the carbon fiber program, field samples collected 'ror, five industrial
types «ere characterized, a sampling anj analysis technique (light micro-
scopy; was developed as a reference p-ocedure aid a study was initiated an
continuous nor.:toririg 0' ca'ior 'iber t~-< ss' ors. * survey cf available
"neasjre^e-.ts techniques was completed ana *Our orox.isinc techni^es are
being evaluated,
'93' 'raora-
In '93', the Agency has a!1 oca ted a total 0' $-,''"",400 and 4C per-iafiert
worcyears to this sub-progran, of whtcn $1 ,943,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses
npprooriation and S2,273,700 is for extranural purposes under the Research and
Development Appropriation.
Analytical *-r i»r»-'r arsenic are being evaluated and
r>odi*'el 'or field use m -egulafor su-vei 1 lance and a system evaluated
for haiardous organic vapors using solid sorbents.
- The research on instrumentation for continuous monitoring of carbon fiber
e"'ss*o"s • s be-ig cars': -?te; »»>c the -esu> ts repoted to the ' ede'al
Zarsor * *Der Research Prog'-an coordinated Dy the Office of Science ana
Technology,
".r. ;n« source monitoring area, two nethods are being standa-di zed; one
~,ethod ;s be'ng evaluated ana vai' dated. Two continuous e-nssior, -outers
ere also being evaluated.
5erfomance audits of laboratories are being conducted and the standards
-eoository for a.nbient and stationary source methods s bernc maintained.
Research stanca'd -materials are being developed 'or gaseous tcx-c organic
co-peuncs. A standard -e'e^ente nater-ai is being de.eloaec *ar asbestos
in ji<- ir conjunction with the \ational 3ureau 0' Stancar:s. Bioloccal
standards containing nazarccus V,r Pollutants are also being validated
and maintained.
- "ne mandatory quality assurance program is ccntinuing to p-ovi 3e technical
guidance, support anc ove'view to assure that the Aaency ' -,»ve
eiyi "OMitntai data 0' known cual'tv that are appropriate fo» I?- needs.
Emphasis is on application of the Aaencywiae proarara to contract and grant
activities.
'?~1 Explanation 0' Change fro^ Sucget Estimate
The '•esources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate column are de-ived
'rorr "c ros swa 1 m ng" the orooran structure presented in the 1981 3-esi3ent's
3-o?et submission to the new structure as presented in tne 1931 cur-en: estimate
-e'lecte; 'r tn
-------
- "he Congress reduced agencywide travel costs oy SE50.300; a decrease o'
SI ,000 was applied to this activity.
Tne Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.5 ti ilion; a
decrease of S3,700 was applied to this activity.
- An Increase of S22.80C results *>oni the cost of the October 1930 say
raise and is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogra^nings to realign salary and related cost; tc -T.ee: or,-hoard
need; resulted in a transfer of S3 ,QC D to this activity.
- Transfer $167,000 to nonionizing radiation/non-energy ($82,700) anc to
soii; waste non-energy '$5-,3001, to support e'forts on ;_ove Canal and
"n-ee M.ile Island activities.
- Of'setting transfers of $210,300 were made between this activ-tv anc
air sases and oarticles.'non-eneroy in the Salaries and Expenses anc
a.esear;n and Develoonent apprcpnati ons.
CM.S Bulletin S81-7, January 24, 1981, "fiscal Year 1931 Travel Reductior",
-eajired agencywide reductions to trave"; the total reduction of SI,"95,/CO
•s bernc jsed to 'und personnel conoensat ion and benefits ;3CJS' deceits.
Tne reduction applied to tnis activity is S1.3GC.
CM5 Bulletin *91-3, January 2~. 1961, "deductions 'n -iscal vear '??.!
Consulting and Se'ated Services", ,-ea'jire: a total redact-on of £',79-1,200
to consulting se'vices; the reduction app!:ed to this activity -s S15.C1C,
which is to &e rescinded.
An interna! agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractua' services
is being iade in order to fund ^CSS deficits; the reduction applied to tin
activity is $9,000.
Agencywide increases are 'ecuired in oraer to fund the PCJB deficits; the
'ncrease applied to this activity is Sol.500.
19-C r'ar
The Agency requests a total of $3,61 7 ,700 and 25 permanent worn years for
th's sub-proc-an, a' which S2,3££,6C0 is '0- the Salaries anc Expenses
Appropriation and SI.252,'.00 is for extramural purposes under the Research
anc Development Aoprop-iation.
Th-s reflects a decrease of S-99,700 in nethods development work for
measuring hazardous air polljtants.
- Two methods to verify exposure estimates for hazrdous air pollutants
will oe evaluated and improved.
A report wi'l oe ^sued on the evaluation of the provisional netnod
for asbestos monitoring.
'.n tne stationary sources area 'or the 'iafonal Cr.ission Standards for
Hazardous Ai* pollutants, two methods will be evaluated and one validated.
A report wi'l be prepared on the evaluation of a continuous emission r.eritc
A- 110
-------
for one hazardous a*r oo^utant obsignates by the 0A3PS »'' the Office of
in r'orcement.
In the area of Quality Assurance, a report will be prepared on tie
/erf 'ication of standards recei ved f-oro laboratories wro are co'lect'no
-acni tor,i ng data m support o' Bee mal and loca1 nonitorinc programs.
^e"fo~nance audits *iH be conducted and the standards repository 'or
ambient and stationary source methods will oe maintained.
Support to the mandatory quaiity assurance program will provide technical
guidance, support and overview to assure that the Agency will have
environmental data of known quality that are appropriate for the EPA needs.
Cnanoe fron January Reouest
"his request represents a decrease of S51 ,80C fr or, the January budget, of wnich
S26,A00 is for Salaries and Expenses ana SZ5.C00 is for Researcn and Development.
~nis decrease will result in reduced e'forts to develop nethoos for measuring hazardous
air pollutants
MEAlT" ef-e:'s
15SC ~cco:nol 1 shnents
Ir '980, the Agency used a total o' S 2,546,000 for this sub-orocram, of
wnich $236,WO was for Salaries and Expenses and S2,155,100 was for extra-
r^ral research activities.
'he deve^pnent c' a research protocol and computer programs tc study-
variations and trends in ,.S. cancer mortality by county, race, and sex.
3re1inn nary data on cancer mortality trends among white nales also nas
bee-, prepared.
"he utility 3f ys'ic • nfatracnael injection o' compounds 'was investigated)
as a .rieans of predicting innalation toxicity. The resu'ts wnicn are ve-y
similiar to those seen following -nhalation oemit a •'ore rapid screenmc
of chemicals to determine the inpact on the defense system against infec-
tious di sease.
- Biochemical data on Tanqanese toxicity in neonatal rats was analyzed
and an ircrease •n -jnganese levels in brain tissue was shown.
A report on psycnologica 1 -neuf-opsychological function in cnilorer with
asymptomatic lead border, was coxpleted. Tr.e lead burden had a significant
effect on bram waves and electrical-evoked brain potential.
"he relationship between vapor pressjre anc mutagenic potential in the
devel opnent of tecnr.iques needed 'or the collection, delivery anc bicassay
of volatile organ!cs was established. The relationship bet-eer analytical
chemical activity anc biological systems will help direct future testing
and research approaches.
An analytical ^etiod for detecting nicxel-63 in the urine and 'eces 'n
stjdies on absorption anc distribution of nicxel in tne developmc -odenc
was developed. This netnoc was tested and evaluated and is now ready 'or
application to obtain pnarraccxinetic data.
An organ specific aioassay system needed to screen for lung-specific carcinocens
-------
i*i -utagens was aeve'oped. This methodol ogv is beinc expanded to allow tie
detection of othe- organ-soecific carcinogens ana modified to utilize njrr.an
cells in culture. This research will enable selection of the raost apprppria
narma'iian and nunan cells 'or testirc and predictive purposes.
' pi'ot st„dy ; r. *h"ch 'jris 'apples if u^bar. 3 ¦ ~ pa"t i cu' ate te-z cc'lected
j"3 S'jDsejjently chefical'y 'racttonatec anc aioassaysi was ;aao!eteS.
S-zr. i ficant -utann-i c and pctentia'ly carcinogenic activity was opse-vec :r.
several fractions.
I 931 Prccra^i
'.n 1931, the Agency has allocated a total of S3,35A.300 ana 21 permanent
workyears tc this sub-oroararc, of which Sl.AS^.'OC is for the Salaries and Expenses
Assrosr-.atior. a.-.j ,5CC,'GC is for cAirjs.ra". p.rpcses «n2er tie Sesearc!' a.-.d
leve" op-?r.t nos^opr-'tior,
1 syste~ employing hu^an ljnq cells to determine the carcinogenic and
mutagenic effects of hazardous air pollutants 's being developed.
A rodent lung cell bioassay to aid in identifying ana separating
different lurrj ce— types and 'or oetermiiino wni ch cells nwtaoo' ice
agents into ca re nogeni c/T-'taceni c intermediates Is be-rg deve'.opec.
Mu.-na-. exposure assays for car::noce'-i ci ty and nutigen; ty us;ng ;n -.if:
a"d cytjgemc 5>oassav tecnnicuei to ascertain nietner -eac^iy ava;" ace
hu.T^n tissues lU'ir.es, t'ocd, saliva) have been exposes tc hazardous
suostances are being developed.
Technicues for assaying airborne nutaaens to enable direct comparisons ".0
type of airborne mutagen present in the atmosone'e, (2! extent
nuna.i exposure, and [2) associated esiaeniol c;ica1 data an >ncoiiitv and
~orta:;t/ are beirg developed.
r"actions of uraac air previous" > snown to present "uta'ienic a"d
carcicgenic activity are oe'nc fu'tner characterired and ou'e
compounds tnat nave See^ idenf'ie: in active fractions are being
tested as pure agents.
"he mmunoloG" :al effects of ii ce acutely exposed via innalation
tc selected hazardous chemicals anc "net3ls are being assessed.
Ac updated cancer s:crtali ty atlas 's be"ng 'arther refmed. lcrta*'ty
-ates aco seme correlate: wtn data fro-i systenatic sa^ic'ing of a r
anc *ate-.
'951 Explanation of Change 'rp- °uoaet Estimate
"he resources reflectec under tne '981 budget estiryte co:ux are cerived
fror "cros swain in;" the program structure presented 'n the 1?S1 Resident's
Eucget supnissior, tc the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate
-e'iected in tnis suomssicn. The detai:s of the restructuring 0' the research
and develoornent orogra-, as *el' as the crosswalk, of resources itself, car. oe
'ouns in tne special analyses section of tnis submission.
The net decrease of 5*3,102 results from several actions, as 'ollowS:
- Shortly a'ter the ^Sl budget estimate was supnitteo, Resident Carter
-------
transmitted 'ev*. siors t- tie Sjacet (House Oocu-ent 96-294); tnese
revisions resulted in a oecrease of $7 -nil ! i o n to EPA'5 reouest 'or
Sa'anes anc Expenses. The redaction a? piled to this activity is 51 ,300.
Trie Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by 5350,000; a decrease of
S'.IQC was ipD^ed to this activity.
The Cong-ess -educed agencywide consulting se-vicss by 52.S mil'ion; t
decrease of 530,600 was app'ied to this activity.
The Congress applied a general reduction of S12.2H.000 to the Research
and Development appropriation; a decrease of 5232,000 was applied to
thi s acti vity.
- The Congress re-jCr- agency.-, de AST ser.-.ces by 52 -i1 i or.; a decrease
of SI ,20C ~as jpr^'ec to t.ns activity.
- An increase of 512.500 result frorc the cost of the Octooer 1980 pay
raise and is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- >ans"'er $356,733 fror air-cases and particles,'non-energy to realign 'urss
between the hazardous air "oPuta^tS Research Comirittee and the oases arc
^articles Research Coc.nittee so that both cor.nittees car, accomplish their
-ecui-ed research.
CW3 Bulletin #31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
reiui-ed agencywide reductions to travel, the total reduction of SI .795,900
is jem; a sea to 'unc personne' cowoe^sation anc benevts (»CS3) de'icits.
The -eduction applied to this activity is 52,300.
- O^S 3ul'ietin 131-3, January 24, 1981, "Reductions in Fiscal fear 193!
Consulting and Related Services", required a total 'eduction of SI,"94,200
to consulted services; the -eduction applied to this activity is S3,700 wmch
is beinc redirected to fund pCi3 deficits.
- An internal aqencvwiae reduction of S6.550.000 tc equipment costs is be>nc
-.aoe m order to fund 5CS8 deficits; the renucticn appl'ed to this acfvitv
An internal aaencvwide reduction of 51,790,300 to other contractual services
;s being nade in orce- to fund 3CSB de'icits; the reduction applied to this
activity is 559,60C.
'932 plar
The Agency -equests a total of 53,134,400 anc 21 permanent wor*years for this
sub-proc'a", 0' wnicn $1 .637 ,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation an;
51,496,900 is 'or extramural purposes under the Researcr, and Deve1 opne^t Appropriat'or,.
Tr.'s re'lects a decrease of 5220,430 ir. epidemiological studies. An epidemiology
effort will oe continued at a reduced level through competitive grants to acaoemia.
- Methods to adapt in vitro microbial and mam-rial 1an cell bioassays needed
to detect anc character-,ze carcinogens in the aralent air and at their
emssion sources will be developed.
n - : ; j
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- Efforts to develop and validate oioassays and screening technicues that
are needed to provide suggestive evidence of the carcinogenicity cf
hazardous air pollutants and to evaluate the ability d' i chemical to
induce cnrc.mosona! aoerratlons which nay be re'atd to neoplastic chances
wi 11 be continued.
Technioues to assess pulmonary carcinogenesis ir whole anaimals will se
developed and validated.
- Methods of genetic bioassavs for evaluation of human exposjre to hazard-
ous air pollutants will be developed.
- A comprehensive battery of cellular and whole animal tests to evaluate the
nor-car:inogenic toxicity of hazardous air pollutants will continue to be
developer. The toxicity of these will oe tested .'ia sever*! possible
routes of exposure of chemical administration.
Chanae Frcr January Reauest
"nis request represents a decrease of $130,700 and and incease of '5 permanent
workyears from the January budget, of which an increase of S61?,30C is for Sa'.a-'es arc
Expenses and a decrease $-J0Q,000 is for research and Development. This decrease will
-esuIt in elimination of epidemiological studies of exposures to hazardous i~r pollutants
pe-'or^ed by E3A laboratories, "he increase in the Salaries an; Expenses aporopriatior
's a result of a shift in -esources from Gases and ^articles Non-Energy nealtr. E"ects.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Af.'? TCHNOlOG*
1 ?30 Accy.pl • stents
In IJ3C, the Agency us^d a total of $79"*.200 for tvs sut-procrj-. jf w>i;n
$2'0,200 was for Salaries and Expenses and $536,200 was 'or extramural -esearch
act ivi ties.
An assessment jf atmospheric emissions from petrocneni ca'. 3r3ouction
processes wit*. emonasis or. 'ugitive emissions was co.nplet.ea. "nese -es^-'ts
croviaed input :i«td for the development of nazardous air po'utant standards.
At evaluation of innovative storage tank sea's for benzene was comp'etec.
"nese data were usee in tne development of New Source ?e"formance Starca-ds
for storage tanks.
Tne 'resuency of hydrocarbon 'ugitive emissions such as benzene in the
organic cnenical manufacturing industry was determined. This data will oe
used in tne development anc review of hazardous air pcl'utart standards that
specify measurement teem icues.
- preliminary envi ronmenta 1 assessnent of the submerged arc ferroalloy
furnace was completed. The results identified this source as a major
emitter of carcinogenic matter.
- An envi -onnental assessment for coa' preheaters 'or steel manufacturing
which identified this process as a major source of carcinogenic matter
was completed.
1?81 ^raora-
In 1931, the Age">cv nas allocate-: a total of S738.0GC and A permanent
-------
worn years to this sub-progi-am, S21-.50C is for tne Salaries dnc Expenses
Appr-op-iat1on and $523,500 is for the Research and Oevelopnent Appropriation,
rie industrial hazardous ai>- pollution control program is closely related
to the industrial oxidant control programs. Severa1 joint projects are supported
aecause "lany hazardous crter.tcais such as benzene are also volatile organic
chemicals. Sources of industrial emissions ar.d control technologies 'or both
oxidants anc hazardous air pollutants ar» therefore o'ten coincident.
A .Tulti-year assessment of tne ferrous netalluray industry is being
continued. Sources planned for assessment include iron foundry melting,
blast furnace top, and electric furnace emissions. Hazardous discharges
such as heavy metals and polycyclic organic material are character:zee
anc "etnods of control suggested for 'urther study and testing,
Ar. assessment of the ferroalloy industry 's being completed. °lans are
being developed for a later demonstration project to control nazardous
air en:ssions.
Secondary air emissions from wood processing and organic chemical manj-
'acturing wastewater treatment systems are be^ng characterized, "he r,eed
for control of tnese emissions is being determined.
Therma' incineration processes will oe studied to determine tne e'fsctive-
ness o' hazardous air emissions control. Methods of "educing costs and energy
reaj i renent s will be sought *n the oroject. 'Jnoesi rab'e e"ects o'
; nc" ner at'or. su:r as un'j! dauonter-proouct qenerat'on will be iQent'fied,
anc metnods tc "-educe these effects will be devised.
'.981 Explanation of Chance from Suoaet Estimate
Tit resources re'"-?ctec under the 19S1 budget est mate tol jun are deri ved
f-or ' : "osswa1
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1?32 Plan
~ne Acency requests a total cf $"38,330 and 5 pemanert wornyea-i 'o-
this sus-oroQ""!", of »Ti!:r S225,20~ 's 'or tr.e Salaries and Expenses
Aporocr; a* *. on and >552,030 * s 'or extraiura' -jryoses under tie ^esea-c
an; Development Appropriation.
"h-s "o'Uc's a- in:rease of S50.330 'z* develop* no coifs'. tec*>no'oc**s
emissions j* volatile organic cor.oouods '-ox industrial source;.
"Of*. will focus on tne control of co'ynuclear organic T.ate-ia's and other
hazardous air pollutants from tne ferroalloy industry. Control of these
emissions can require hiah enerqy scr-jb&ers. for economical operation,
exit gas volumes must be luniT.ced by controlling combustion and air
in Suction, A field deronsiration of optimum control techmcues w 11 be
de-to* en tj cuiv.naie asse$s»«ent »orr. cnat was oegun ir prior yea->.
- rie'd tests o* cata'ytic oxidatior teem i que $ .ill t>e conoucte: at se-.e-ai
*.T2usfijl sites, Data that s octane: will be used in tie development
of ccst-ef*e:t1 ,e ha;3-dc-Js ai- pollutant regulations.
Afterburner and on-site industrial toilers and heath's will be evaluates
to dete-nine the potential for hazardous air pollution control.
A lonc-ranae oroqram will oe initiated to predict the mecnsnism of formation
of potentially nacardous air pollutants in chemical manufacturing orocessc-s.
Chance r-o-. January Reouect
"h's rejwist -eo-esents a dec-ease o' CEE,a0C '-ot the January bjdset, wiicr
Sc.200 is 'o- 5alar-e:- anc Expenses arc SZC.i'CC is 'or ^esea^ci and Oeve" op-nent
"r.'s decrease «*"' -esu't i- -educed e'forts >n evaluating act:.ate:' carbQ"
a.dscroti or. systems as a neans of controlling naca-dojs a'- e^isjicrc.
environmental 5-.o:-sse:. an: e—ects
' ??S Accona 1 i srrr.ents
Ir 193C, the Acency used a tctal ?' S1 ,•11'?.IOC for tms sjb-prodra-, of
wrich $2"=,TOO was for Salaries ana Expenses and S1,!93,AC0 was for e*t-a
-------
years to this sub-protean, of *hich $300,400 •; eor tie Salaries a*>2 E*oenses
Aapi-op"-ition and S'.12T.3C9 is far extranural purposes under tne Research and
Oevelopr>ent ipprop~iation.
- Carbon 'iber e-'ssions are being cna-acterlzea fron a variety of services
•r;'jJm; man-jfact j*"ia p'ocsssirg snc disposal 'aciMties. "he "es^-lts
cf this arocran wi l* ae us* J ay the ?f'1ce of Science T2;nno'o2y °o' icy
to assess the potential env.'on^enta! isoacts associate: w.th increased
jsage anc disposal of cars on 'ioers.
- A report will be prepared that summarises tne precision ana accuracy of
tne ambient air quality data that has been obtained '"or, recent 'ield
investigations o' hazardous air pollutants. Reports wi1! be used to assess
the duality of oata currently available on ambient levels of these inpcctant
hazardous air pol'utants and in developing efrective nazardous anoient a>"
-lea.jrenent program plans.
Studies are being conducted to determine the lifetir.es and at:nospheric
degradation products of selected hazardous air oollutants, such as halocaroons.
~ie results o' trr.s -or., «i'l be used to assess -is*, exposure of r.aca'do.-s
air pollutants and to identi'y likely 3tnosohenc degradation products that
may be more toxic than the original form of the pollutant.
- 3curc? apportionment rede's are being developed 'or hazardous air poi'utants
sucn as organic vapors and aerosols, "nese nooels wi*" be usee to determine
tie mdivicual source contributions of selected nacardous air eol'-tant
em ssions to anoient air jua'ity.
i?6l Explanation of Chance frorr Z-jzcez Estimate
Tne resources "elected u.noer the '321 oudqet estimate coluir a'e de'ived *roT.
"crosswa 1 <1 ng" the program structure presented in the ?3*. '-esident' s 3uccet suosti ss'.er
tc the new structure as presented -n the '9S1 current estimate reflected in this suo-
ussion. "he details of the restructuring of the research and development oroorai, as
*e" as the :*osswa".of resources itse", can be 'ojnc in the special analyses section
this Swbiiiss"or..
The net decrease of S13S.50C results from several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the '951 budget estimate was submitted, 'res*.sent Carte' transnitte
revisions to tne nudcet >,ojse Oocunent 96-2?*); these 'ev.siors "esulted •-n a
decrease o"' %" a: 11 • or. to £?A's -eguest "or Salaries and Expenses, "he reouct'on
applied to tnis activity is SI ,300.
Tne Congress "educed agencywide travel costs by 5350,000; a decrease of S30C was
applied to th's activity.
The Congress redjeed agencywide consulting services by S3.3 million; a decrease
of 52,500 was applied to this activity.
The Congress applied a general reduction of S12.21i.OOC to the Research and
Development appropriation; a decrease of $139,000 was applied to this activity.
An increase of S3,-100 results fron the cost of the October 1980 pay raise ana
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
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Se?f05'a"i!'i hss tc r?sli2* sa'a-v ani -"latec casts ti -aeet pr-oaa-d needs
resulted 1'. a transfer of SI .300 to this activity.
1522 ?'¦£".
"ne Agency -eruest; 3 total of £" .£-55,200 anj ~ permanent rforv.^edrs for -_r.-s
sjp-p-oerar.. of which I3?£,S0C is for trie Salaries and Expenses Apprcpriat•on arc
S','5i,;CC "i for extramural purposes under trie Research and Develppner.;, AoD'opr-.ition.
This reflects an increase of 5123.9C3 in work on characteri zatior, of hazardous
pollutants in a:nhier.t air.
- Vnoient air characterization stjdies will be conducted from a selected list
which currently contains thirty-six (36) hazardous air Debutants. These
studies will pe used to determine the real-tin* atmospheric level of these
hazardous pollutants. The soeci'ic desicjn and locations of the measurement
networks *i'i tie Pased or. stud'es conducted in the '961 program.
- -aporjtory studies that sinulate at-osoheric processes will oe used to assess
tie potential iifeti-.es anz degradation products of selected nazarcous alr
ool 'utants Including a nunper pf ha 1ocarhons. The soecfic 1'st of potential
hazardous air pollutants tc oe investigated will oe determined py the C'ice
of Air Duality Dlanninq and Standards. These ppllutants ire selected as tnev
become candidates for future control unoe- the National Emissions Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants section of the Clean Air Act.
Stjcies to ceveop sou-ce ippp rt 1 orient ^oaels will continue. ">19 word wi" 1
'ocjs on tie cevelop~ert 0' -oce's apolied to organic pot'utants »nich ex-st
in octh ae-osol and vapor for-..
Cnar.pe "r-yr. Jar.jary Reouest
Tn-s request represents a decrease- of 52,530 frorr the January ouoget,
'o' ia'.ar-js anc Expenses. Tr.is oecrease will result in no major pro :r jrnrati c
•-pacts.
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Water Quality
SECTION TAB
-------
DUAL
'\ztua j
19 9 C
Sudoe:
Estimate
1961*
Current
Est lmete
1991
ist i.T.ate
1 OS?
00i iars m thousanas)
Incease -
Z¦> 1 0?
5,632
10,238
-126
-I1 ,S54
Grants Assistance Proaran:
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
109,803 96,230
96,317
51 ,200
-45,61 7
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Actjai
19SC
Sudoet
Estimate
193 1*
C-jr^pr*
Estimate
l c o '
Estimate
1982
Increase -
decrease -
1982 vs. 1921
i. coi • ars
in thousands
Water Quality Strategies
I mil enentati on:
Si'ar'es and Expenses ..
Asate->ent, Confo' anc
Cxipl lance
8,?:7
",397
9,422
S.otl'
It"."69
5,369
11 ,'47
6,033
~27?
-2,286
*•:-
Water Quality Monitoring
ana Analysis:
Salaries and Expenses ..
AcateT.ent, Control and
Como'iance
7.961
2.731
8,209
2,136
£.750
1 10C
3,479
883
-271
-1 .520
wq-
Municipal Source Control:
Salaries and Expenses ..
Abatement, Control and
Corns!i ance
2S ,950
33,160
27,755
36,729
29,906
34,497
26,626
32.4^7
-3,230
-2,920
i"~ -
Total :
Salaries anc Expenses ..
Abatement, Control ana
Compliance
53, 771
185,053
63,903
177,096
57,136
174,722
59,244
104,680
-7,332
-7C.042
Total, Abatement, and
Cont-ol progra^
249,324
241.004
24'.353
153.924
-",934
water Quality
Permits Issuance:
Salaries and Expenses ....
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
7,089
2.702
7,949
5.9Z7
7,462
5,665
7,972
5,985
*51 3
*1 4'0
WC-
water Quality Enforcement:
Sala-ies and Expenses ....
Abatement, Control and
Conpl:ance
15,522
2,46"'
16,277
3.909
15,'98
3,716
17,902
2,514
-1 ,7 04
-1 .202
ts . -
Total:
Salaries and Expenses ....
Abatement, Ccr.trpl and
Compliance
22,639
5.16S
24,225
9,836
23,660
9,281
25,8"4
9,499
» 2 2 '¦ 4
~218
Total , Enforcement Program
27,789
34,362
32,941
35,373
~2.432
Permanent Positions
water ^jaliiy-Ypr. Energy
Municipal Wastewater/
Spills Prevention
Industrial Wastewater
287
149
73
269
145
80
256
145
65
212
13S
49
' 4
_ 7
-16
'n j -
»:q-
;VC-
Total, Research and
Developr^nt ^rograr
509
495
466
399
-67
X,-2
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iwiio*-* Cur-en; Irc-eas?
•.sf'i"? £;t:~.ate Estimate L'ecrease
•CJ' ¦C',« "GC- • G" •C-" ¦
•tcc ars t- tnousanis.
water Oual i ty 5>anninq
an3 Stancaras 2-2 227 22c' 105 -122 '*0-1"
Effluent Standards ana
Guidelines 103 1'.? 109 E5 -2- W2-21
'«ater Quality Strategies
l-cle^entation 223 253 296 2H -32
«ater Jus nty ^Dnitor-.nc
arc Ar.ai ys i s 195 121 122 "6" -'2- W2-62
y.uricioa! Source Control ... S21 91« 220 ??i
"otal , Asatenent arc
2ort-oi ^roorjn 1,799 1,SC7 1,633 1,329 -304
5em:s Issuance 229 242 212 204 -9
«ater Cj3 ' i tv Er.forcsnent .. »97 51 1 -77 -9- -1 "
"ota! , Enforcement 726 753 690 698 -H
c1" -11-e Eojivalency
»a:c- Ouality-Ncn Enerqy.... ill -27 235 325 -5C
Vunicipal «astewater/Soi1 1
^-eventior 185 12- ISO 17£ -5
l"Sust'iai wastewater 94 106 29 7s -J_£
'ctal , research anc
[levsiOPTient Program 590 717 55- 585 -69
water duality ^larnms anc
Stanaar:s 412 292 292 .59 -13-
Effj'.ent Standards a no
Guidelines 122 147 13b lie -22
Grants Assistance Programs., 7 7 7 ... -7
»ater Cuality Strategies
l^c-lenertati or 251 238 21 5 291 -2-
wat-f Oual'ty fori tonne
arc Analysis 247 2-1 229 21 1 -16
Municipal Source Control ... 1,046 1 ,057 9£_9 250 -109
Total , Ataterent anc
Cort-cl Program 2,105 2,122 ' ,9-1 1,62" -21-
permts Issuance 257 295 264 258 *12
Water Oualttv Enforcement... 573 575 538 551 -6
»'C-
WC-21
WQ-c:
WO-c
WC-2
;tal Er'orce-.ert, pregrjr.. £30 87C 802 809
January 198C President's Buooet as as jus ted !>y Office of Researcn anc Develop'"en:
restructuring.
i»C - 3
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OVERVIEW ATEGV
!n 1932, the water duality program's majo- enrr.asis will be tie implementation
stace sf programs authorized and estad4shed by the Clean Water *ct tCWA). Peculations
ana planning wivch established the foundation for contrrl srogrsms are largely e-
mentation steps that are necessary to correct these problems. Soecif'c program activities
which will require increased resources and attention are as follows:
Imolement the BAT (Sest Availabile Technology) industrial toxics
control orogram through the permit issuance process at the State
and cederal levels.
- Emphasize approval of local pretreatnent programs to control
industrial sources of pollution that discharge to Publicly Owned
Treatnient A'orr.s (PQTWs).
- Develop realistic, site-soecific water quality standards, including ,
the application of toxics criteria, for stream segments that
exhibit particular water quality problems; encourage the States
tc Ouild greater toxic pollutant analytical capabilities, including
simplified water oualitv economic and waste load analysis techniques
tc make better informed water quality standards and construct-on
grant decisions; continue research and development activities that
w'll oroviae £'eld validation of water quality data and models to
determine maximum allowable levels of toxic pollutants.
- Work toward 'urther integration o* the construction grants,
water auality standards and the permit and enforcement programs
to increase the rate oe municipal compliance w th permits and the
rate of construction of Publicly Owned Treatment Works.
- Re-orient sgency wnagement cf the Construction Grants "rograir
to support State delegation of responsibi1ity by stressing
general program oversight rather than individual project
overs ignt.
- Continue to work with States in developing national. State, and
local strategies and projects to remedy nroclera from ooth
paint and nonpomt sources of water pollution.
- Maximize the use of research and develooment *unds to aid in
sound policy, management and enforcement decisions.
These priority program activities rep-esent a consistent, logical and necessary
extension of the 1931 water quality program initiatives. A broader perspective regarding
these critical program efforts is presented below;
MM
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inoustnal ToxicS Control
During '932, EPA will complete the majority of 3AT/3CT ',3est Conventional Pollutant
Control Te:nno'C5>'! rulemaking with the oronul gat "on of s-ost gu:3el*nes for industrial
categories -equi red jnder the IS" Amendner.ts to • he Clean Water Act. !r addition, the
Agency will provide guidelines for several synfuels production processes to facilitate
tie oe-ni tt l ng process for those Industries. Concomitant wi tn 3AT/B" promulgations tne
Agency must be prepared for litigation.
The primary emphasis regarding tonics control will De the impleTientation of the
3A~ ef'luent guidelines through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NODES',. Additionally, where no national effluent guidelines are promulgated, tne Agency
has deve^ped a permit issuance strategy for assisting Regions and States, usina EDA/State
industry tears technical assistance documents. KPDES permitting will be car-ied out
by those States wnich have delegation, anc by EPA m nondelegated States. In the dele-
gated States. Age-icy permit personne' will provide consultation to State permit authori-
ties. In 1932 EPA will also conduct Investigations o' potential criminal violations
of tne Clean Wate' Act. "hese Investigations will reouire dl'ferent procedures and
tec.micues tnan a civil investigation and specialized tecnn'ques and personnel trained
in criminal investigations.
Another important element in the Agency's toxic strategy will be tne continuation
of tne "hot scot" program to identify geographic areas reauirino post-SAT toxic control
actions. This orogram will examine and recommend toxic pollutant control action plans
for several such "hot spots" in 1932, having begun this mission on a pilot basis in 198C.
Pesearcr. and Development will play an important role in tne Agency's industria'
toxics confcl strategy. The 19S2 moustnal waste water research prosram will ado-ess
ce/elocment of new and improved sa.mc'ing and analytical procedures 'or organic and inor-
ganic pollutants; development, improvement and adaptation of Pioassay.'biononitonng
methods for jse in setermining and measuring the "toxicity" of industrial waste waters;
development of additional treatability data with an emphasis on the development o* sur<-0
gate "• ndi cator procedures for measuring and ronitoring treatability; and performance
evaluations of National po1iutant Discharge Elimination System discnaraer laboratories.
Pret reatment
Tne pretreatmert program sets standards for the control of effluent from indirect
disc.naraers, these industrial sources of pollution which discharge their effluents to
municipal wastewater treatment facilities rather than directly into streams. In these
cases industrial wastes, especially toxic substances, may sometimes interfere with the
operation of the sewage treatnent plant, become deposited in the residua' sludges, or
simp'v pass through the system and pollute the receiving stream's waters.
~ne envi ronneital importance of ind'rect dischargers is suostantiated by tne fact
that the number of direct dischargers to be regulated is 12,000, wr.r.e tne potential
numoer of indirect discharge's to be regulated unaer the oretreatment program could be
as nign as 60,000. Thus, the oretreatment program addresses a toxic pollutant problem
which, in terms of scope, exceeds that encountered with direct discnargers. July 1, 1963
is the deadline for pretreatnent program approval for publicly owned treatment works (POTWs).
Ove" the oast two years, the Agency has begun the process of issuing categorical
oretreatment standards for industrial users. EPA has begun to assist in the development
o' State and local oretreatment programs. In 19S2, the Agency will focus on approving
local pretreatnent programs developed during the preceding years. Tne implementation of
tie oret-eatment program jt the local level will improve the performance of cjTW's fjnoed
unde- Sect'cn 201 and help ensure that full bene'its are real'.zed from construction
grants funaiic. Further, *n "v 1932, the Agency will assess and consider tne enviorimen-
tal oenef'ts associated with EPA oretreatment standards.
-------
^esearcn suooo-t to develop an; demonstrate sret-eatiert tecrnolooies and treat-iert
"•etnoao: ocies for coi;oined incustnal iiuncipal waste "ite-s will continue in FY ;9S2.
Water CLc'ity Standards
;n tne oast, tne 5 ardards program has concentrated its resources on trie development
of toxics citer'a for Si classes of tcxic pollotants. That development stage will
near cocc'etior. t>y 1 ?£Z, aitneucn some criteria ce»clop~iert *i"' continue. The twin
qce's o* the «ater duality >tan2arcs orograr *tr oe: {'¦) the assessment of bene'icial
jse atta-r.aDi" i tv ; ar.o '2, the application of toxic criteria to s' te-speci f ic areas.
'i's initiative 's recognizee by Doth tne States tni E?A as an important ster •>
sett me rea' i stic, mp'ementaple er.vi ronr-ental policies. Tne States and regions will
jointly concuct evaluations o' the designated use c' specific strea". segments to consider
attainasi 1 i ty from an environmental, economic and technological standpoint. waste
loac allocations ana detailed economic studies will be performed to develop cost impacts
and control strategies for streams not achieving designated uses. Alternative control
strategies and/or strean use re-designations could result in significant cost savings
of gcveT.rnenta1 and industrial expenditures while assuring that expenditures are made
where controls are nost needeo.
Trie States ana EPA will jse these slte-spe:l'ic analyses to determine tne strean
se?-»erts tc whici the toxics criteria should !>e applied. Tne Agency will use its
incustr-.a! facility file to pinpoint areas where tne relevant pollutants are discharged.
3hvsical 'actcs non'to-ed m tr>e ana'yses, e.g. p* and r.araness, will De used to
adjust criteria to sfea.n-speci f ic conditions.
Wmle 1931 research concentrates on "fit lire tne oata gaps" in the laooratory-aeri ved
criteria, tne Tiajor emphases in 19S2 will Pe on development of relationships oetween
laooratory and real world site-specific conditions, and tne actual toxicity of the
pollutant in question tc aaustic life. This information will allow the States to
translate the newly complete:, laooratory derived citeria to real world, site-specific,
natural ccdi tions.
Since research on the development c' methods for the present Consent Decree p-iority
pollutants will oe nearly completed in 1981, the 1932 research will concentrate on a
oa'anced oroarjri of piologica", mcropiological and cnenical methodology ratner tnar
Pursue a che~ica;-oycnemical approach. The ^search prograr will also focus on toxico-
locica5 stjdies of priority pollutants and tne aeveioptnent of snort tern tests
for carcinogenicity and otner nealth effects.
Construction Grant ^rocra'" tfar.aaenent
EPA is studying the construction grants prograr1 to analyre the p-ogra:n's current
proDlems, tc evaluate alternative directions for the progran" in the future, and tc
reccnnenc revisions to the program over the next several years. This has Deen done
ir lignt of the: 1) expanoec role of the States and the Corps of Engineers ir. the
management program; 2) extremely large needs for funcs in a penoc of national fiscal
austerity; and 2) problems related to tne acnievapi1ity of legislative goals. The study
is expected to lead tc a nunt>er of recornendations for admmstratlve ano legislative
changes m the near future.
EPA plans to "e-orient its roie away fro^ cay-to-day project management as the
States assume increased project level respons'Si1ities in tne construction grants
program. EPA will focus nucn more on national program management, oversight of State
and Corps activities, increasing the compliance of municipal facilities, and enhancing
the operations and management of existing facilities.
-------
c®"T*arit Strj*6Cv
An analysis of nur i c i ;a1 compliance »r.r. tne 'ec..' rere-.ts of tne Clear. wa ter Act
snowed tnat a si or.-f ;c3nt nu-oer cf the Public'} jws-: "reat me"t Wor«;s did not
meet the reaui'emert for seconaary treatment oy the statutory deadline of July 19"?.
ir. response to this problem area, EPA developed ana issues a National Huniciaa! Policy
ana Strategy (NMPS) 1n OctoDer 1979. Tne purpose of the NMPS is to integrate tne
permit, enforcement, and construction grant activities so as to expedite mur.icipa'
construction ana increase municipal conpliance with perraits. "o ensure that 30TWs are
operating their facilities in conpliance wUh their permit conditions, compliance
sair.;ii«3 and evjl»at'or inspections will pe use;, as weil as approo-iate enforcement
ect tens.
Tne ^jn i c i pa 1 Mar.acenert System (MVS} is ar outgrowth of tne NMPS. It serves as
the xey mechanism through which EPA regional and State enforcement and grant staf-s
develop formal operating procedures for more effectively managing municipal compliance
witn tie Clear «ater Act. *he EPA headauarters' role is one of coordinating and providing
direction ar.a policy. Activities associated w*th VMS will focus on those projects
w.thm the top 106 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas ;S*tSAs) wnicn nave treatment
-•ee;s m excess of I5C million and which are on the fundable portion of tne State
project priority list. Once tnese projects are under control, Mf.S will then focus on
other man priority treatment needs.
The Agency will develop a continuous compliance program for major municipal permittees
in 19K2. This program will track major municipal permftee performance with their permit
conditions. It will focus on municipal plants tnat have completed reauired construction
of treatment facilities and will t>e designed to assure that recuired levels of t-eatment
are maintained.
integrated Waste Management
An approach to oo'lutior control that focuses or removing oo'lutants from water
may merely suostltute one pollution problem for another, for exanple, the sludoes ano
spent carson from waste water treatment contain toxic materials and are diffic.'t to
dispose of or incinerate. E?A will continue several efforts to try to aeal witn the
multimedia aspects of complex pollution problems. Specifically for industrial proolems.
research, ef'luert guide'mes and solid waste programs are developing detailed process
descriptions cf organic chemical manufacturing. Tnese process descriptions wi'l credict
tne ff~"!311on o' toxic wastes or pyproducts and will attempt to predict where these
materials will occur in waste and product streams.
Water Quality Manaqem°nt
The lonc-range goal of the Water Quality Management {WQM) program is to Implement
a comprehensive integrated and largely self-sustaining process in tne States that
applies available resources to priority protlems and projects which will maximize
environmental benefits, "c accomplish this goal, the Agency has formulated «QM and
construction grants program strategies and has implemented a State,'EPA Agreement process
with each State to define program priorities anc estas'ish State-specific strategies
to achieve environmental objectives. in 1962, EPA will award State program grants
under Section 106 for support of identified national and State priorities, phase-out
the Section 208 grant, and expand the use of available 205(g) funds in delegated States
to conduct municipal waste treatment management program activities currently supported
under Section 1C6 grants.
WQ-7
-------
In supoort of the Water Quality Management (WOM) program Section 208 grants provide
more than $200 million for initial co-nprehens 1 ve Statewide and areawide plans, and more
than S130 million since 1977 for continued planning. Continued planning has focused
on specific nonpoint source problem solutions, particulaly projects from which results
can oe transferred to other places with similar problems. 9y the close of 1981, 220
initial plans will have been approved, and all 220 agencies will be working on follow
up projects funded in 1979 through '.991.
Tne W0M strategy for 1982 and the fol'ow-ng four years will emphasize less rest-ict
use of E'A's grant programs in order to better focus limited resources on high priority
problems. EpA will expand the use of any available 205(g) funds to conduct municipal
waste treatment managerwnt programs and will award State program grants under Section
105 for support of identified national and State priorities.
Effective Enforcement of the law
Effective enforcement of the law requires that the Agency determine and articulate
tne requirements that permittees must meet, as well as follow up to determine that
those requi rements are being net. EPA expects to empnasize second round permitting
for major indust-ial dischargers in 1982. Efforts to coordinate and consolidate
permitting procedures for five separate EPA permit programs will continue. The
Consolidated 3erm1t Regulations provide for consolidated permit Issuance procedu-es and
centralizes administration for five permit programs: the National 'oMutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES), the hazardous waste permit program under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Underground injection Control (UIC) program,
tne Section 104 Dredge or Fill program, and the prevention of significant deterioration
('SO) program. The Agency expects permit consolidation to produce better permits,
reduce delays, simplify permitting procedures, and make rare efficient use of Agency and
State resources.
During 1932, State and EPA enforcement efforts will be directed to ensuring
compliance witn NPDE3 permit conditions by major Publicly Owned Treatment Works (PDTWs).
These now represent the largest categorical source of surface water pollution.
State-£PA programs will control the discharge of toxic pollutants to °0TWs in order
that they rwy effectively treat the incoming effluent without releasing toxic substances
Compliance sampling and evaluation inspections will be used and, where violations are
found, aopropriate administrative or civil actions will be taken.
State and EPA enforcement will continue to conduct biomonitoring inspections and
compliance sampling inspections to monitor compliance with toxic limitations incorporate^
into "second round" NPDES permits. Where violations are found, appropriate enforcement
will be initiated.
Scientific Bases for Decisions
As the technologv-based point source control requirements of the Clean Water Act
are achieved over the next four years, emphasis increasingly will be placed on water
auality-based controls where necessary to achieve the water quality goals of the Act.
An integrated approach to watershed management is expected to receive more attention
as point sources are brought under appropriate levels of control.
In pursuing the above activities, there will be a full awareness of and sensitivity
to the nation's protracted energy and economic problems. E°A will concentrate on
providing the technical base for translating the goals of tne Act into water quality
objectives and associated standards. These will reflect local conditions and identify
the most cost-effective and energy efficient water auality management strategy for
each pollutant and within each watershed. Significant effort also will be devoted to
WQ-3
-------
providing * n e techniques needed in identifying and document i r.g water quality prcbleis
and stancards violations.
Research to support toxic pollutant marage-iont is a prior-ty In 19S2. E^A's
P'edc-iirant effort is to establish prceedjres for transiting *he i aporatory-de-i vec
cteria for site-specific, local conditions. Another inoortait tas* is to complete
tie acute and chronic toxicity aata bases for the Consent Decree chemicals, as
incorporated i r. the 197? Clean water Act. in addition, tne dresge ano fill Prcgra~
»-i" continue to assess the potent; ally narnfjl impacts associated w.tr the extraction,
t-anspo'-t and disposal of dre-ccec -iater-a'.s containing torn: pollutants.
Ar, energy cc-iponent of water duality researcn is coordinated with the Energy
:esearcn Comr-it'ee. Tne priority war* in this conpleriertary pro:'•an includes aetemining
t-,e ecological impacts of oil anG gas fields m major of'snore ano estuanne areas,
analyzing exposure effects of hazardous or toxic substances on aquatic ecosystems anc
developing protocols for hazardous anc toxic spills.
3uroose - Resea-cr. ana Cevelosment Program
Research and Development in E?A's water quality program provides the scientific
ir.ronation needed to support its standard setting and enforcement activities. The
mul t 1 faceted research crog'-an includes the development of efficient and cost effective
waste water treatment tecnno'ogy for aoth municipalities and i ncustnes ; the determination
of the nealtn implications cf existing technology for treatment and disposal of waste
water and sludge; the determination of useful anc defensible monitoring methods; docu-
rentation of tne validity cf monitoring data; Definition of criteria for water oollutior
from spills of hazardous materials; and tne prevention or control of pollution fron
agricultural and forestry sources. The overall goal is to provide tne scientific
oasis for econonically anc socially viable environmental management.
3urpose - Abatement and Control Program
Tne objectives of the water duality abatement and control o^oora^s are to aoate
wate- pollution fron industrial, municipal, and rural sources anc to assist State,
areawide, and 'oca! agencies in controlling water pollution frpr. point and nonpoint
sources by providing manaaerient, technical, and -esource assistance.
Inaustria' point source confsl is accor.pl' sheo Dy the development of technology-
basec efluent Imitations, "he current emphasis is or. development of ef'luent limitations
for toxic pollutants wmcn reflect the best available technology econormcal ly achievable
for existing sources and which represent new source performance standards 'or new
sources. In particular, the emphasis on toxic pollutants has required the concurrent
development and use of new analytical methods, substantial increases in resources
devoted to sampling and analysis activities, development of new and cost-effective
analytical methods for routine monitoring of individual toxic pollutants, examination
o' wastewater treatment technologies for effectiveness ir. removing toxic polluants,
and more intensive and thorouan engineering investigations of specific industrial
cateceries. These effluent limitations are aimed a: controlling the discharges of 55
classes of compounds for 34 industry cetego'ies. Inoustrial effluent limitations are
implemented through National sol'utant Discharge Elimination System ;?;PDES} permits.
Dretreatrtent standards for existing and new industrial users o' municipal treatment
worxs are cevelcoed for primary industry categories along with effluent limitations
for direct dischargers. Pretreatnent standards regulate toxic pollutants which are
incompatible with municipal works.
K5-9
-------
Municipal 'Join: source control proceeds via Feceral grants to nunic:pa1, inte^iuni-
c'oal, State ane interstate agencies wnicn assist in financing the planning, sesign
and const-uctior of ruricipal waste water treatment facilities. The construction
cants prog ra~ nelps muni ci pa 1 i ties to achieve the ef'uent 'imitations reaL.ireo by
tne Act. As *s tie case witn industries, effluent limitations are implemented througn
*
-------
£?R -ion-soring anc analysis activities are coorainatetf rfitn State ana otne" 'ecera"
efforts and induce amsie.nt water Quality monitoring, data collection, anc gissemnation
or" water duality cata. Current programs include 'mp'e^entaf.Ofi of a water -nonitoring
strategy to provice data and analyses needed by top .management to establish policy ana
treasure results of ciear.-uo prograras; estaol i shr,ent of a clearingnouse for water monitoring
data to help improve coordination and integration of data collection efforts; and
analysis of monitoring data to assist in development and implementation of standards
and regulations, inceaslng emphasis is being placea on improving State capability to
monitor toxic pollutants, nonpoint sources, and biological impacts.
Tne ewcency response prograx will continue its response ana prevention activities
associated with oil sail* ene-gencies under tne authority of Section 311 of the Clean
-ate' Act. Activities related to response of hazardous substance releases will be
carried out under Superfund,
~he Marine Protection, Research and Sanactuaries Act of 1972, as amended, authorizes
EPA to regulate the deposition of materials into tne oceans, excepting dredge material.
Under this authority, a Demit program for ocean disposal of waste has been underway
since 1973. In adcition, £?A has re-oriented its oceans program to include a coordinated
approach to tne problems in the ocean environment. This re-orientation includes close
interaction with other Federal agencies having ocean-related activities.
Purpose - Er.fccenent Prooraai
The water quality enforcement program is responsible for implementing a nunber of
components of the Clear, water Act,
"he permits issuance orogram has responsibility for both determining procedures
and issuing pemits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ; NPDES)
permit program. The permit is the mechanism for imposing limitations, stancards and
conditions or point source dlscnarges into navigable waters of tne 'Jnited States. At
the -.ational level, the program induces regUia-i0n writing and revision, national
program and oo^cy guidance, and State pens it program approval. regional activities
include issuing permits, concussing adjudicatory hearings, and providing support to
State oermit programs. In 1982 the progran; will focus on the issuance of second round
permits for major industrial di scnaraers, in accordance with BAT limitations. Pemits
written witnout SAT guidelines will use best professional judgment and will be more
resource intensive.
The goal of tne water quality enforcement program is to assure compliance with
Clean water Act requirements. At the national level this involves establishing policy
direction and guidance, program overview and support for specific regional compliance
noritori no and legal actions. Regional activities include emergency enforcement responses,
review anc evaluation of self-monitoring reports, inspections, use of administrateve
sanctions to resuire compliance, referral and prosecution of lawsuits, and enforcement
of non-NPDES reoul rements.
«£-11
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SOMAS':
NCR£ASES Arc DECREASES
thousands of dol lars )
19SI Water Qua 1 ty ^ograf.
Salaries anj Expenses
The net decrease reflects the persons'
reductions associated witn tne -tanaqenent
of the areawde *aste treatment ana con-
struction grjr.ts programs, as we"' as tne
reductions associated n'th the Clean Laces,
3reat _a«;es, an': Chesapeake Say research
and development efforts.
Research and Development
The net decrease reflects the progress made in
assessing water quality concerns in the Chesapeake
Say, the termination and completion of the Clean Lakes
and 3reat Lakes programs, and the research related to
ef'luent guidelines support and ronitoring nearlng
C on;- let", or .
Atatervent, Control and Compliance....
*ne net decrease reflects the elimination of the
areawide *aste treatnvit nanagenert resources program,
the Clean i_a«:es grant program, reductions tn the
ef'!uent guidelines program, and progressive State
delegation in the construction grants management
progran.
S337,680
-7,034
-;3.49S
-69,825
IS82 Water Duality -rograr,
24" ,233
S'jyMAPv 0' 3L'0GE~ ESTIMATES
1. Sunr-.ary of Sudcet Reauest
A total of S2-1T ,332,900 is -ecuested in '982. This request, by appropriation
account, is as follows:
Salaries and Expenses $108,698,900
Research and Development 21,456,200
Abatenent, Control and Compliance.. 1)4,177,300
Tr.is represents a decrease of 590,346,700 over the 19S1 level. The decrease
is due primarily to the elimination of the areawide waste treat.nent management resource
oroara" and the ef'luent standards and guidelines progran policy decisions to promulgate
standards and guidelines ove" a longer-time '"ame.
«C-12
-------
2. Chances frgn Original "9f Budaet Estimate
Chances from the budget are as follows:
(in thousands of dollar;)
Ordinal ' 935 estimate $338,798
Congressional Changes and Carter:
AOP -282
"ravel -214
Consulting Services -755
SES Bonuses -185
Asatenent, Control and Corns! iance
general reduction -2,689
Research ana Development general reduction -411
Aquatic weeds program -545
Urban systens activities... -250
Clean Lakes -2,500
Congressional increases:
Add-on for Academic Training »614
Great Lakes increase *2,000
Control Agency resource supplementation... -2,500
Cold Climate research -950
Advanced waste treatment sucport <-300
Waukegan Harbor t>C8. * 1.500
T>ansfer to support the Administrative
Law Judges. -22
"rans'er to support the Radiation Policy
Council. -14
Transfer to suoport the Office of
Inspector General -144
Retrograding to supoort Three Mile
Island activity -5
Retrograding for authorized workyear ->623
Proposed pay raise supplemental *1,642
Miscellaneous reorogramnnngs -1,143
March Changes to budge:
T ravel -529
Consulting Services -631
Moratorium or Procurement of
Eoui psient -31
Equipment costs -1,478
Other contractual services -298
One percent transfer -3,165
Increases to fund °CSB -4,354
Miscellaneous prograimmgs -299
Current 1981 estimate 337,130
WQ-13
-------
Co'oressocial cnangss to tne water quality neaia incite a reduction of ^82,TOO trc~
-DP, S214.JC0 '-err, travel, S765,000 '"ron consulting services, S'36,000 frc~ SES bonuses,
general -eductions of S2,699,000 fro." Abatement, Control and Compliance ana 3411,000 f-or
\esearch and Oeveloosent, 3545,COO 'for. aquatic weeds, S250.00C fron orbar systems, and
32,500,0*0 frcn clean lanes p-ca-an. Also, included are congressional increases of Sc'i-,300
'or academic train',no, 52,000,000 for 3reit Lakes, 32,500,000 for control agency -escurce
siiOpleTientaticn, £950,000 'or the cold cl'-iate researcn, 3300,000 'or advanced waste
treatrnent orograr., 3". ,500,000 for PC3s i r. iiaur.ecar Haroor.
A transfer of 322,000 was made to the management anc support -edia to support tne
'Jf'ce of Administrative Law judges. A transfer of 314,000 was -ade to the -nedia t
suDDcrt -ne Saciaticn so!ic.r Council. A transfer of S144,0C0 was nade to the -anagenent »nd
saDOort redia to support tne iff ice of Inspector General. A reprograrrr.-. nc o* 35,000 was maae
tc the raoiation aeaia to suroort Tnree "i"e Island activities. An ove-ail Agency roprocra--
-nir.g to redistribute salar/ funas -esulted in an increase of S623.00C to this mecia. The
proposed supplemental for partial funding of the October 1930 pay raise will increase the
water quality media Dv $1,642,000.
in accordance w'th 0ME Bulletins, the *arch 1981 changes are as follows; travel
-3529, 100); consultmc services ',-3631,000;; ano Tioratoriuc, on procurement of equipment
.-331,100;.
A one percent transfer authority decreases this media oy 33.165,300.
Internal agency reprogranxinas to fund ®CiS deficits are as fo'lows: equipment costs
(-31,475,100); contractual se-vices [-329;,500), agency-ide increases (~S4,352,SCO); and,
miscellaneous reprogra^ni ncs ; - S29'3,900 ).
ANALVSIS OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
--lor year oDligjtionS
Congressional Changes
Effect o' Jfarch Chances
Proposed pay raise supplemental
-eprogra.-rmi nos
Change in anount of car-yover funcs
avai1aole
Program Changes
Change in rate of obligation
Total estimated obligations
[From net. obligation authority]
(Fror. p'ior year funds)
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES ANO DECREASES TO OSLiGA'IONS
The items discussed in tne previous section -- congressional chances, pay raise
supplemental, AO?, consulting services, general reduction, specific reductions and
reprogranminas -- result in a net decrease of 31,556,000.
The decrease in budget authority in 1981 is estimated to decrease obligations
by 37,238,000; in 1°82 the reduced program is expected to decrease obllaations
by 390,347,CC0.
Current
Estimate Estimate
1551 19f2
{m tncusands of to'Iars".
3344,913 3336,262
.??
-2,07"
*1,642
-1 ,143
-5,417 *l,4ia
-7,233 -90.34"
~5,555 *894
336,262 248,227
(329,399; [229.946;
¦ o,S63) (8,251 )
-------
-"TC0 Cl'»t Try
Budget Current Incease »
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
PROGRAM LEVELS 1980 1981 1981 1982 1932 vs. 19S1
State ana Areawid? water
oual1ty manacement
(Section 208) plans
approved '0
State and areawide water
quality rnanagement
(Section 208;
Contiuation Grants Awarded 165
Clean Lakes Projects
Awards 126
Clean Laxes Projects
Completed 15
Ocean Dumping Permits... 40
Constructior Grants
Awards 2,392
Step I Awards {752*
Step II Awards 6C8)
Step II! ! IV Awards.. '1,032)
Active Construction
Grants Projects 11,C5-
State °rograr Approvals
{National Pollutants;
Di scharce El lrninat'.on
System) 33
Adjudicatory Hearings
Settled (Major Sources) 84
Permits issued py EPA:
Municipal--
Major 445
Minor 63"^
fionmun lei pal --
Major 588
Minor 1,792
150 10C
175 130 0 -180
60 75 0 -75
20 15 2C »5
47 40 55 "15
2,550 2,570 700 -'.370
[t00) (59C) ;I2C) (-470x
(1,200) (900) ;250) ;-65o:
; 950) '.1,080) {33C) (-750)
11,000 11,390 5,120 -3,270
39 33 33
40 126 38 -88
460 ... -460
500 249 986 -737
• 1 z
-------
ifjrcernent Actions
(i.a^inistrativ? Orders),
Notices of Violation, and
^e'er-a";s to J.S. £ttorney
o-oiiance Inspections...
Suaget Current Increase
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Dec-ease
1930 1?91 13S1 1932 1992 vs. 1
! ,00-
.043 2.771
?33
2.360
2.417
-1 3
-442
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Plaining and Standards
•o?rccn a: ion
State urograms Regulations
and Guidelines:
Salaries ana Expenses,
Abatement, Control
and Compliance.........
Great Lakes Program:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Chesapeake Say Program:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control
and Co-p'iance
SE?i CorpI1ance/E'S
Preparation:
Salaries ana Expenses...
Total:
Salaries and Expenses...
Aoate
-------
Sudaet Current Increase *
Aetna! Estimate Estate Estioiate Decrease -
1930 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
Full-Time Equivalency
State Programs Recitations
and Sublines
378
359
260
132
-128
Great Laces Program
21
20
21
21
Chesapeake Say Program..
,,,,
7
6
6
0
• . »
NEPA Comp!iance/£IS
Preparation
6
7
6
* « .
-6
Total
412
392
293
159
-134
Buaoet Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,960,000 of which $7,158,900 is salaries and
expenses and $3,801,100 (s abatement control and compliance. The decrease is due
primarily to tne reduction in personnel under State Programs Regulations and Guide-
lines related to the termination of the Section 20S grant program ana the transfer
of resoonsifcH Uy for overall State-EPA agreement negotiations to another budget
activity. There is also a reduction in the Great Lakes program.
Program Description
The water quality planning and standards subactivlty includes four program
elements.
State Programs Regulations and Guidelines - This program covers management
oversight ana tecnmcal assistance activities involved in the implementation of
federal", State, and local water quality management urogram, authorized under
Sections 106, 201, 208, and 303 of the Clean Water Act. Although Section 208 grants
are being terminated in 1982, some support to priority nonpoint source (and related
point source) control program activities previously funded under Section 208 is
expected to continue under other EPA and other-agency funding sources. Section 106
water pollution control agency grants will continue to support State implementation
of ongoing and emerging priority program activities.
Great takes Program - The program covered by this subactivity Is the Great Lanes
orogram, wfiich includes funding for the Great Lakes Initiative program and demonst-
ration grants authorized by Section 108(a) of the Clean Water Act of 1977. The
Great Lakes National Program Office was established in 1978 to integrate and
consolidate EPA Great Lakes activities and to provide coordinated support to the
international Joint Commission's (IJC) Great Lakes Water Quality Board, in complying
with the 1978 U.S. Canada Water Quality Agreement. In 1982, the program will focus
on support of our international agreements.
Chesapeake 3ay Program - The Chesapeake Bay Program was developed in response to
a Congressional mandate"requiring EPA to conduct a study of the Chesapeake Bay,
define the factors adversely impacting the envirofvnent, develop research to address
adverse factors, and define management strategies to ameliorate degradation in the
Say due to pollution. The program has been developed through a cooperative effort
between citizen groups, State environmental agencies (Virginia and Maryland), and
tne EPA.
wg-18
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This program was originally a five-year congressionally mandated program.
Resources for 19S2 will be used to disseminate infomation developed during the
previous five-years.
The results of integrated studies in three priority areas i.e., toxic substances,
eutropnication (nutrient enrichment and submerged aguactic vegetation} will provide
a predictive capacity to assess the consequences of pollutant loadings on the Chesapeake
E3v in terns of effects on the ecosysten, water guallty impacts and uses of the system.
Capaci ty to predict these impacts will aid management decisions at all levels.
SEDA Cor-pl lance'E IS Preparation - The fourth element covered by this subactivity
-.nvc'.ves environmental i-.pact statement {£ IS) preparation on Section 23S plans in
voluntary compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). This activity
w. 1! 3e terminated together with the Section 203 grant program in 19S2.
STATE PROGRAM REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES
I960 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency obligated $14,345,900 for this program activity of which
$11,615,600 was for intramural purposes ana $3,230,300 was for extramural purposes.
Grants totalling $27.5 million were awarded under Section 208 to State and designated
areawide agencies for nonpomt source control orogran development. A total of
$45.15 .nil lion was awarded under Section 106 to support State water poll-ition control
programs. !n addition, a total o' $3,156,000 in extramural funds was obligated for
contracts m I960, including: $1,456,000 for expert technical support to the Nationwide
jrpan -.uioff Program, groundwater management, potnt/nonooint source analysis for
Advance: Waste Treatment (AWT1, decisions, silviculture training program development,
ar.g development of financial and institutional aspects of Water Quality Management (WOM)
plans; $460,000 for E^A/USDA IAGs and details supporting the agricultural nonpolnt source
program; $398,000 for public education, outreach activities, and technology transfer; and
$354,000 for the Flathead River Study Major program acconplishments were achieved in
several areas Including:
State/EPA Agreements (SEA's)
- Signed 59 1981 SEA's with States and other jurisdictions, most of which covered
all major EPA and State programs.
- Issued integrated annual program guidance providing comprehensive priorities
to States and regional offices.
- Conducted evaluations of all State SEA processes and issued a national report.
Nonpolnt Source Control
- Awarded Section 208 grants covering more than 200 projects to State and areawide
agencies which were successfully Implementing approved initial plans and had
identified continuing planning needs in priority problem areas.
- Provided oversight and technical assistance to over 100 prototype projects
including 30 National Urban Runoff Projects (NURP); 29 agriculture (ACP/MIP); 13
Rural Clean Water (RCWP); 10 Financial Management Assistance; 10 point/nonpoint
source tradeoff; and 10 groundwater management.
- Managed approximately 200 other Section 208 funded projects in designated
agencies dealing with mining, construction, hazardous and toxic wastes, residuals
management, on-site waste treatment, and other priority State needs.
WQ-19
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- Aporoved 30 certified initial water Quality management plans, submitted by States,
bringing the total to 210 of the 225 which were funded in previous years under
Section 208.
- Participated in national and State Rural Clean Water Coordinating Committees to
direct USDA funds to assure focus of implementation cost-share assistance on water
quality priority areas; selected jointly with USDA 13 major project areas empha-
sizing pesticides and hazardous substances control. Funds went directly to
fanners to assist them in implementing conservation plans for their lands which
will reduce water pollution as well as control erosion.
Sections 203/105 Grants Management
- Awarded over $86 million to 165 designated 208 agencies and 63 State, interstate
and territorial jurisdictions.
- Completea a 5-year assessment of State needs covering programs funded with State
resources supplementec unaer Sections 105, 208, and 314.
Information Transfer
- Began implementation of a national information transfer program, which involved
information and tracking systems, seminars, conferences, and written materials
designed to share costeffective technical, financial, and institutional approaches
developed anong State and local agencies.
- Conducted a National WQM Conference attended by approximately 400 State, areawide
agency, local, and Federal officials.
- Conducted 41 training courses for Regional, State, and local agency staff.
- Distributed 2 WCM Reports covering a general overview of tne WQM Program and the
status of agricultural NPS control.
1961 Prooran
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $13,777,000 to this program, of
which 510,567,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,209,200 for Abatement, Control
ana Conpliance.
In 1981, a total of $82.7 million in grants will be awarded including $31 million
in Section 208 grants and $51.2 million in Section 106 grants. The total of $3,209,200
for Abatement Control and Compl1ance wi11 support contracts and grants Including $519,000
for the National Urban Runoff Project, $375,000 for the Financial Management Assistance
Program, $325,CC0 for groundwater management, $250,000 for municipal waste treatment
management; $250,000 for agricultural technical assistance; approximately $781,200 for
information/ technology transfer, training, conmunications, and public participation and
$709,000 for the Flatnead River Study.
In 1981, major emphasis will be placed on transferring the initial results from
prototype and other successful projects to similar problem areas, assisting 1n State
and areawide implementation of initial WQM plans, Implementing approved WQM plans in
directing construction grants and permitting; and directing available funds to meet
highest priority water quality needs. Improved State and local capabilities to obtain
and manage implementation resources continues to be a high priority. Specific outputs
in 1981 will Include:
State/EPA Agreements (SEA's)
- Assess the adequacy of WQM coverage in all 1981 SEA's and improve coordination
among all programs.
- Integrate all WQM programs under 1982 SEA's.
WQ-20
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Ncnpomt Source Controls
- Provide expert technical assistance to State anc areawide agencies on nonpoint
source control oroolems including uroan runoff, agriculture, groundwater, ana
silviculture. Also provide assistance on institutional approaches and techniques
for financing implementation of control programs.
- Implement 10 new State/local groundwater management prototype projects.
- Analyze and document cause-effect runoff/water quality relationships identified
ir prototype projects. Prepare preliminary NURP Report to Congress and a State of
the Art Report on agriculture.
- Conplete long term nonpoint source control strategies in all EPA Regions covering
all States.
- Assist State and local governments in implementing WQH progrars including control
legislation and ordinances. Approxi.iately 30 States and 560 local governments
are expected to have strengthened NPS control and cost-share program authorities
by the end of 1981.
- Assist EPA and other Federal programs 1n Implementing education and assistance
programs for agriculture, silviculture, and Federal land management.
- Worn with States and I'SDA to select additional RCWP implementation cost-share
projects which will assist farmers to apply water quality BMPs on thei^ lands.
Sections 203/'06 Grants Management
- Assure use of approved WQM plans In directing State and EPA construction grants
anc pemit programs.
- Develop comprehensive policies and priority guidance for Section 105 grants
runagement; work witn States to assure that funds address highest priority water
quality needs.
- Conolete approval of all initial 225 WQM plans; review and approve subsequent
additions to WQH plar, to ensure that they remain as current and comprenensi ve as
poss ib le.
- As part of grants management improvement assure all funds are awarded bv February
1981.
Information Transfer
- Complete Implementation Information System for use by States and EPA.
- Issue four WQM Reports covering Groundwater, Financial Management, Small Alternative
Waste Treatment Systems, and the 1990 Construction Grants Strategy.
- Conduct more than 30 seminars on urban runoff, groundwater management, and financial
management; a coordinated EPA/Forest Service training program on silviculture water
quality management; a National WQM Conference to disseminate technical and other
results of the Section 208 program and to develop future program policy directions
with State and local participants.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $1,279,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of S7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $66,800.
WQ-21
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- The Congress reducea agencywide travel costs Dy 5850,000; a decrease of $4,400 was
applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a decrease of
$60,'00 was applied to this activity.
- Tne Congress apolied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement, Contra'
and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $34,300 was applied to this activity.
- Tne Congress reducea agencywide Senior Executive Service Bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $12,700 was applied tc this activity.
- An increase of SI 55,200 results fron the cost of the October 1980 pay raise ana is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprograrrjnings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in transfers from water quality permit issuance ($21,300); to standards and regulations
{-$7,500); from dredge and fill ($40,800); from public systens supervision program
assistance ($51,300); from environmental emergency response and prevention ($34,500);
from NE°A compliance-municipal waste facility construction ($2,300); front aroient air
quality monitoring ($7,600); 'ror. manpower planning and training-water quality ($2,500);
fron water cuality enforcement ($17,500); to stationary source enforcement (-$20,00);
and to ambient water quality monitoring (-$600).
- Transfer $1 77,200 frorn NE°A conp!iance/EIS prep-new source discharge, and $1 77,200
from areawide waste treatment management research, to provide for Flathead River Study.
- Transfer $373, 700 fron standards and regulations, to support program activities
due to reorganization.
- Transfer $20,200 to ambient water duality monitoring within Region 1, to realign
contract funos.
- Transfer $1,000 fron dredge and fill; and $700 fron standards and regulations
within Region 2 to properly reflect the clean lakes function.
- Transfer $3,300 fron manpower planning and training-water quality; $5,200 from
public systens supervision program assistance; and $16,500 from energy review and
permitting witnin Region 4, to fund an interagency agreement fcr a soil conservation
expert.
- Transfer $104,100 to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites for an analytical
contract to expand the regions capability to analyze high priority quick turnaround samples.
- Transfer $6,000 from water quality enforcement within Region 9, to realign contract
funds.
- Transfer $30,000 frorc Corps of Engineers within Region 10 to support an interagenc
agreement.
- Transfer $1,700 to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites within Region 4, to reallocate
travel funds.
- Transfer $2,504,600 to standard and regulations to reflect a program restructuring:
the movement of the clean lakes program.
- Transfer of $29,400 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide additional
resources to support a new program for Instituting civil noncompliance under Section 20 of
the Clean A1r Act.
WQ-22
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- OMB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
aqeicywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to fund
oersonnel compensation and benefits (PCJB) deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity is 579,000.
- 0KB Bulletin <81-3, January 24,1981, "Reductions In Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting
and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting service;
the reduction aoplied to this activity is $9,500, which 1s to be rescinded.
- An internal agencywide reduction of S6.550.00 to equipment costs 1s being made in
order to fund PCSB deficits; tne reduction applied to this activity is $12,300.
- An internal agencywide reduction of SI,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PC&8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$2,000
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
percent authority Is being implemented by transferring funds from the Research and
Development and the Aoatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries
and Expenses aaprcorlation in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $34,400.
- Ansencywide increase are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $599,800.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $ 5,961,200 and 85 permanent work years for this
program, of which 55,232,500 is for salaries and expenses ana $668,700 is for Abatement
Control and Compliance, The decrease of 127 permanent workyears and $7,815,800 reflects
a reduction 1n those resources related to the terminated funding of the 208 grant program
and the transfer of responsibility for overall State-EPA agreement negotiations to anotner
budget activity. From the Abatement Control and Compliance funds, $410,000 is to be used
for the Flathead River Study. Tne remaining $258,700 will be used for non - point source
information transfer.
In 1982 the WQM Program *ri 11 continue to emphasize assistance in developing and
implementing cost-effective State and local source control programs. Assistance
activities will include developing and issuing integrated funding and management policies
and guidance based on long-term national strategies; developing water quality priorities
based on demonstrated national , State, and local needs; developing needs based funding
allocation procedures; providing national and regional technical assistance; sharing cost-
effective technological and institutional approaches; and conducting evaluation programs
to review and improve regional and State activities.
The WQM Program will assure that all available funding sources are directed to
identified priority water quality needs. The Agency will permit the use of available
Section 205(g) funds in delegated States to support all municipal waste management-related
activities previously supported under Section 106. Section 106 assistance priorities will
be revised to support emerging State priority activities and state and local NPS priorities
previously funded under section 203. Support from other Federal funds and staff (e.g.,
USDA) will be encouraged and used to the extent possible.
106 grants Management
- Section 106 grants will be negotiated as part of the SEA process with 63 States,
Territories, and Interstate agencies. Priorities will include strengthening toxics
monitoring and analytical capabilities, review of water quality standards for attain-
ability and appropriate revisions, operation of dredge and fill programs, nonpoint
WQ-23
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source (HPS) control programs administration, and NPS control program development
previously funded under Section 208, particularly comprehensive groundwater manage-
ment. Outputs will also be negotiated for ongoing programs including: permitting,
enforcement, monitoring, emergency response program development and administration,
and construction grants management and related activities in States not having
Section 205(g) delegations.
Nonpoint Source Controls
- Some national prototype and State priority projects funded under Section 208
c-ants in 1980 and 1981 will continue to operate through 1982 and will be provided
EPA technical assistance to the extent possible. To the extent resources will allow,
cost-effective technological and institutional approaches developed througn WQN pro-
jects will be transferred for State and locally funded application in otner priority
NPS proDlera areas. Remaining needs for non-point source control, point/non-point
source tradeoff analyses, and plan updates with respect to construction grants and
peralts will be supported by other available Federal and State Resources.
- Interim NURP Report will be submitted to Congress on cause-effect water quality
relationships; results of the 28 NURP projects will be documented and transferred
to otner urban locations.
- USDA resources will be expected to complete, evaluate and tranfer result of RCwP,
M1P, and ACP prototype water quality projects.
- Groundwater management priority demonstration projects funded in 1980-81 will be
completed.
Information Transfer
- Cost effective technological, financial and institutional approaches in developing
and implementing WQM plans will be documented and transferred to other State and
local agencies.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $4,777,400 and 88 permanent workyears from
tne January budget, of which $2,903,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,874,400 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This decrease eliminates 88 workyears and all
national extramural support for management oversight and technical assistance to States
in achieving implementation of approved Section 208 plans and for the tansfer of tecnno-
logies developed previously under the 208 grant program.
GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency obligated $7,329,000 for this program of which $776,000 was for
Salaries and Expenses and Expenses appropriation and $6,553,000 for Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. In 1980 the Great Lakes National Program continued in the
directions resulting from the intensive Agency review in 1979. The basic directions are:
to serve as a catalyst to actively involve the Agency's operating divisions and the States
in an accelerated Great Lakes effort; to monitor Lake conditions, trends and responses;
and to demonstrate new techniques of controlling pollution within the Great Lakes. Some
program accomplishnents include:
WQ-24
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- Funded demonstrations of management practices which provide control of agricultural
nonpoint sources pollution, particularly alternative tillage techiques wnicn limit
erosion and save fuel.
- Cinpleted an intensive surveillance survey on Lake Huron.
- Investigated inplace sediment pollutants was initiated in Indiana harbor in
Lake Michigan.
- Provided sediment expertise in the Waukegan harbor enforcement case on PCB's.
- Initiated fish tissue sanpling for toxics in cooperation with the States and the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to detect tne presence of toxics in fish fror, the
open waters.
- Developed a strategy for locating toxic hot spots In harbors and estuary areas
using fish flesh and sediment.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated $6,205,100 and 15 permanent workyears to this
program, of which $781,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,-523,900
is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Discovery of toxic hot spots will be initiated through sampling of non-migratory
fisn and sediment 1n estuary and harbor areas. Highest priority areas throughout the
Lakes will be addressed during 1981.
- Trend analysis will continue to establish baseline toxics data by sampling
throughout the Lakes.
- An intensive survey for the Niagara River, emphasizing toxics, will be conducted
in cooperation with the State of New York.
- Ar> agricultural nonpoint source control Initiative will be undertaken in the Lake
Erie basin in cooperation with the States, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and
the 'J.S. Army Corps of Engineers with particular emphasis on control of phosphorus.
- Atmospheric loading data will be gathered from the network of stations establish in
1980 and others to be installed during the current year.
- Section 108(a) grants will focus on demonstrating agricultural nonpoint source control
techniques, particularly fuel efficient tillage practices supportive of improved
water quality.
- Lake Huron survey data will be analyzed by program staff and an extramural technical
assistance team.
- The Lake Michigan Intensive survey report will be published.
- Technical expertise In toxic sediments will be provided to support the Waukegan Harbor
remedial program.
- The catalyst role will continue and state efforts will be formalized in State/EPA
Agreements.
WQ-25
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1931 Explanation of Changes froir Budaet Estimate
The net decrease of $324,200 results fron several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 Budget estimate was suomi tted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the oudoet (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease of
S? mil'ton to E?A's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is S3,<500.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $15,000
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $350,100 was applied to this activity.
- An Increase of $10,300 results fron the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
Included in a proposed supplenental appropriat Ion.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Oevelopment-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1931, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropritat ion. This one
percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds fron the Research and
Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropiations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation in order to fund PC&B deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $91,000.
- Agencywide increase are reaul red in order to fund the PCS8 deficits; the increase
applied to this activity 's Si25,000.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total $3,993,200 and is permanent workyears of which
$1,461,500 ts for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,531,700 is for tne
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Major program emphasis will be directed toward support of the U.S. Canada Great
Lakes WAter Quality Agreement. Particular attention will be given to severly polluted
toxic "hot spots" and to achievement of the Agreement requirements to further reduce
phosphorus inputs from municipal treatment plants and agricultural non point sources.
The surveillance program will continue to collect and analyze Great Lakes fish and
sediments to Identify levels of toxicants and probable sources for remedial action.
Special investigations and technical assistance will be directed toward significant
transboundary pollution Issues such as Dloxin, the Niagra River and the control of air-
borne toxic substances.
Change fron January Request
This request represents a decrease of $3,004,800 from the January budget, of which
$4,800 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,000,000 is for Abatement, Control and
Compliance. Regaining resources will be devoted to carrying out functions of the inter-
national agreement. This reduction eliminates the following: Section 108(a) demon-
stration grants to test new or innovative wastewater techniques, water intake and hign
flow tributary monitoring to determine water quality trends and pollutant loadings to
the Lakes, research vessel operations with contractual scientific crews, support to
other EPA programs.
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980 the Agency obligated $2,052,000 for this program activity including $259,000
for Salaries and Expenses and SI,793,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
WQ-26
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- The toxics program developed Chesapeake Bay sediment characterization (physical and
chemical parameters} maps of value in assessing dredging projects and critical in
defining the State of the Say.
- The eutrophication program conducted a Bay-wide survey providing a synoptic set of
data for chemical and physical parameters essential to water quality model verifi-
cation and establishing a baseline against wnich future water duality can be measured.
- The submerged aquatic vegetation program assessed ambient herbicide concentrations
in the the snallow water portions of the Bay to aid in determining the role of
herbicides in the decline of bay grasses.
- A data management system composed of both hardware and software was established and
is storing, analyzing and displaying Chesapeake Say research data.
- Coordination continued with State agencies in Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania
responsible for water quality to plan and manage the Chesapeake Bay Program.
1981 Program
In 1961, the Agency has allocated $2,007,600 and 5 permanent workyears of which
S193,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,813,700 is for extramural
purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program will conplete many of the studies initiated In 1978 and initiate the
concre^enslve effort to integrate the results of research so that management decisions
at all the government levels can be based on a capability to assess the consequences of
pollutant loadings on tne Chesapeake Bay.
This will be done 1n terns of effects on the ecosystem, water quality, aquatic
grasses, and on the impact of uses of the system. The three highest priority problem area
studies are being integrated through ecosystem simulation, data analysis and synthesis,
and identification and evaluation of control alternative in conjunction witn the abatement
and control decision units of this program.
The toxics substances study effort will extend the baseline inventory of the abundance
and distribution of toxics in the Chesapeake 8ay sediments, pore water, water column, and
biota into major tributaries. These efforts are designed to allow identification of the
identification of the flux of materials between the Chesapeake 6ay and the subestuaries.
Comprehensive research tasks are assessing both natural and authropogenlc sources of toxic
chemicals in sediments, water, and biota and determining their rates of transport and
transformation within the system. Study results will serve to delineate options to reduce
environmental hazard.
The bay grasses study effort is addressing the impact of water quality factors upon
Submerged Aouatic Vegetation (SAV) and living resources known or suspected to be dependent
upon SAV. The role of bay grasses will be determined relative to their relationship to
fish and wildlife, their nutrient dynamics and the impact of man-induced factors
(nerbicides, turbidity) suspected to be involved in the decline in grass populations.
Results will provide a knowledge base rom which water quality control alternatives can be
oeveloped for tne enhancement of SAV and associated living resources.
Eutrophication (nutrient enrichment) studies are assessing the nutrient loadings
to the Bay system and the impact of those loadings on the ecosystem. Current research
1s directed towards: 1) assessing point source information on municipal and industrial
sources; 2) compiling statistics on land use and population trends in the Say basin; 3)
measuring nutrient loadings from the major tributaries to the Bay; 4) estimating nutrient
fallout from the atomosphere; 5) calculating nutrient fluxes from the sediments; 6)
verifying nonpoint source runoff fron data collected on five test drainage basins; and 7)
calibrating and verifying mathematical models, including nonpoint source loading models,
stream transport models and water quality models.
WQ-27
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To research the overall goals of the program synthesis and Integration will occur
using a geo-based approach, called segmentation. The segmentation approach is designed
to define the Chesapeake Bay in mangeable units. Natural and cultural parameters will
be displayed geographically to identify regions of commonality and assess the health of
various segments. As work is completed in the program areas, Intermediary reports will
be prepared supporting the segmentation analysis by providing both qualitative and
Quantitative infomation on the relationship to the ecosystem of the parameters intended
for use in the segmentation analysis.
Development of a data management system 1s continuing. This system will handle
the data produced by this program ana provide the basis for a centralized data bank for
use by all iocal, State and Federal groups on the Bay. State participation programs, with
the States of Maryland and Virginia, and c1tt2en participation programs are also continu-
ing to provide key coordination links between the States, the public and the Chesapeake
Bay Program.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $1,60C results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted In a decrease of
$7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity 1s SI,00G.
- An increase of $2,800 results fron the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriat Ion.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900 Is being used to fund
personned compensation and benefits (PC4B) deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity is S2.000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equlpement costs is being made
in order to 'una PC&S deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $1,400.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $1,005,600 and 5 permanent workyears, of which $404,900
is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $600,700 Is for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1982 the Chesapeake Bay Program will complete its Integration approach to research
in the areas of toxic pollutant effects, submerged aquatic vegetation, and eutrophicatlon.
This will Include the completion of all technical studies, the Integration of their results,
and the use of an ecological segmentation concept to assess existing Information about the
biological, chemical, physical, and cultural aspects of the Chesapeake Bay. Major
accomplishments and outputs will Include:
Chesapeake Bay Primer: Explains important ecological relationships and will serve
as a reference for tne following reports.
Nutrients: Explains changes in Bay over time, future conditions, sources, key
processes, and effects of toxics.
Bay Gasses: Explains changes in bay grasses overtime, current Distribution and
Abundance, what Is know about he causes of decline and the role and value of SAV of the
ecosystem.
Segmentation: Describes the basic concept, its use elsewhere, how it will be done,
water quality oojectives, monitoring, and the various institutional alternatives alternatives
available to administer it.
WQ-28
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Management Alternatives: Identifies control alternatives for agriculture, sewage
treatment piants, industry, urban runoff, and construction; estimates costs and
effectiveness of different approaches to remedy "hot spots."
Changes from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $2,300 from tne January budget for Salaries
and Expenses.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (HE PA) COMPLIANCE/ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENT PREPARATION - WATER QUALITY
In 1980, the Agency obligated $206,500 for this activity. All final EIS's on
initial Section 2C8 plans were completed. Section 208 plans prepared under grants for
continuing planning were reviewed to ensure tnat environnental assessments reouired in
the WQM planning process were conducted in a manner consistent with the spirit and intent
of the NEPA. Seventy (70) such plans were approved in 1980.
^Sl Program
In 1931, the Agency has allocated $210,400 under the Salaries and Expenses approp-
riation for this activity. More than 100 Section 208 plans prepared under grants for
continuing planning will be reviewed to assure that required environmental assessments
have been conducted.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $18,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $1,300.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease of
$5,S00 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $3,400 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogranmings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a net transfer of $14,300 from standards and regulation ($12,300); from water quality
enforcement ($3,200); to ambient water quality monitoring (-$2,700), and from municipal
waste treatment facility construction ($1,500).
- 0MB Bulletin #31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", requried
agencywide reductions to travel ; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900 1s being used to fund
personnel conpensatlon and benefits (PC4B) deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity is $2,100.
- Agencywide increase are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity Is $9,600.
1982 Plan
No resources are requested for this activity in 1982 due to the termination 1n funding
of the Section 208 grant program. Activities to assure that required environmental assessment
are conducted in previously funded Section 203 planning will be carried out with resources
under the State Programs Regulations and Guidelines section.
Change from January Request
There Is no change from the January request for this activity.
WQ-29
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Staodarss and Guidelines
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estate Estimate Decrease -
'930 1931 1931 1932 1932 vs 1921
(do"; lars in tnousandsj"
^ror-jpriation
Salaries ina Expenses
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
S5,084
21.330
$6,357
22.678
$5,95?
22.192
$5,332
10,233
-$126
-11,954
Grand Total
26,464
30,045
23,150
16,070
-12.080
°ermanent Positions...
108
112
109
85
-24
Full-time Equivalency.
132
147
133
115
-22
Budget Request
An 2opro?r'ation of $16,359,700 and 35 permanent wo^kyears is requested for 1922.
"his is a decrease of SI 2,030,100 and 24 permanent workyears from the 1S31 level of
523,149,300 and 109 permanent wo •+. years. The decreased funding and permanent work years
reflect rol'cy decisions to: 1) promulgate effluent standards and guidelines over a
longer tine-frame; 2) stretch-cut contract support for litigation due to slippages 'n
the efluent standards and guidelines schedule; 3) transfer contract dollars associated
with hazardous waste regulatory development to the 'Office of Solid Uaste to ensure
hettc accountability and consistent implementation of the OSW strategy; and 4) accelerate
completion of the revised publicly owned treatment works study with FY 1932 resources.
Program Description
The :ederal Water Pollution Control Act Ame^l-ients of 1972 established a comprehensive
program to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of
the Nation's waters." Existing industrial dischargers were required by July 1, 1977,
to apply the best practicable control technolooy currently available (BPT) to effluent
limitations (Section 301(b)(1)(A)) and by July 1, 1983, the best available technology
economically achievable ("BAT") (Section 302 (b)(2)(A)). These will result in reasonable
further progress toward the national goal of eliminating the discharge of all pollutants
("SAT"). Sew industrial direct dischargers are required to comply with Section 306 new
source performance standards (NSPS), based on best available (BAT) demonstrated technology;
and new and existing dischargers to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) are subject
to pretreatment standards under Sections 307(b) and (cl of the Act. While the requirements
for direct dischargers are to be incorporated into National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NP0ES) permits issued under Section 402 of the Act, pretreatment standards are
made enforceable directly against dischargers to POTVs (indirect dischargers).
Section 304(b) of the Act requires the Adm1 ni strator to promulgate regulations
providing guidelines for effluent limitations, setting forth the degree of effluent
reduction attainable through the application of B?T and BAT. Moreover, Sections
304(c) and 306 of the Act require promulgation of regulations for NSPS, and Sections
304('), 307(b), and 307(c) require promulgation of regulations for pretreatment
standards. In addition to these regulations for designated industry categories,
Section 307(a) of the Act requires the Adninistrator to promulgate effluent standards
applicable to all dischargers of toxic pollutants. Finally, Section 501(a) of
the Act authorizes the Administrator to prescribe any additional regulations
"necessary to carry out his functions" under the Act.
wq-30
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The E3A was unable to promulgate many c* these regulations by the dates
contained 1r the Act. In 1976, EPA was sued by several environmental groups, and
ir settlement of this lawsuit EPA and the plaintiffs executed a "Settlement Agreement"
vrtiich was approved by the Court. This Agreement required E^A to develop a program
adhere to a schedule for 21 major indust-ies (37 indust-y categories! and to
promulgate for EAT effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, and
new source per'onance standards for 65 "priority" pollutants and classes of pollutants
¦129 specific pollutants). (See Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Train,
S ERC 2120 (0.0.C. 1976), modified March 9, 1979).
On December 27, 1977, the President signed Into law the Clean Water Act of
'.977. Although this law makes several important changes in the federal water
col 1„tion control programs, its most significant feature is its incorporation into
the Act of several of fie basic elements of the Settlement Agreement program for
toxic pollution control. Sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 301'c)(2)(C) of the Act now
require the achievement by July 1, 1984 of effluent limitations requiring application
of SAT for "toxic" pollutants, including the 65 "priority" pollutants and classes
of pollutants wnich Congress declared "toxic" under Section 307,'a) of the Act.
Likewise, EPA's programs for new source performance standards and pretreatment
standards are now aimed principally at toxic pollutant controls, ^reover, to
strengthen the toxics control program. Section 305(e) of the Act authorizes the
Administrator to prescribe "best management practices" ("6M?s") to prevent the
release of toxic and hazardous pollutants from plant site runoff, spillage or
leaks, sludge or waste disposal, and drainage from raw material storage associated
witp., or jncillary to, the nanufacturing or treatment process.
keeping with its emphasis on toxic pollutants, the Clean Water Act of 1977
also revses the control programs for non-toxic pollutants. Instead of BAT for
"conventional" pollutants identified under Section 304(a)(4) (including biochemical
oxygen dewnd, suspended solids, fecal callform and pH), the new Section 301(b)(2)(E)
reauires achievement by July 1, 1984, of "effluent limitations requiring the applica-
tion of the best conventional pollutant control technology" ("3CT"). The factors
considered in assessing 3CT for an industry include the costs of reducing effluent
and the benefits derived compared to the costs and effluent reduction benefits
fran the discharge of oubltcly owned treatment works (Section 304(b) (4) (3)). For
non-toxic, nonconventional pollutants, Sections 301(b)(2)(A) and (b)(2)(f) require
achievement of 3AT effluent limitations not later than July 1, 1987.
The Agency continues to address toxic pollutants through regulations for BAT,
new source performance standards and pretreatment standards as required by the Clean
Water Act of 1977 . These regulations are aimed at controlling the water discharge
of 129 specific toxic chemicals from 34 primary industry categories. All of these
34 industry categories are under study. Vany of the studies are nearly completed,
and proposed regulations have been issued in 12 industrial categories. Each category
requires examination of processes in the industry, water usage, wastewater character-
istics, and treatment technologies either in use or potentially applicable. In
addition, the requirement for economic achievabllity has led the Agency to conduct
exhaustive studies of the financial and economic achievabi1ity of various regulatory
options.
In those industry categories which require hazardous waste controls under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Agency is fcmulating best manage-
ment practices (2V5) under Section 304(e) of the Clean Water Act. These will be
used to control toxic pollutants originating from plant site runoff, spillage or leaks,
sludge or other waste disposal, and drainage from raw material storage facilities.
WQ-31
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The new technology-based limitations for conventional pollutants cannot be less
stringent than 3?T or more stringent than BAT standards. On August 29, 1979, the
Agency promulgated its review of existing BAT limitations for conventional pollutants
of industries not included in the 34 specifically covered by the 1977 Clean Water
Act. This regulation also detailed the methodology which will be used to evaluate
BCT when it is estaal(shed in the future. The BCT regulations will save these industries
up to $200 million in water pollution control costs, or about 50 percent of previously
estimated future clean-up and control expenditures.
Consistent with Section 307(b) and (c) of the Clean Water Act, pretreatment
standards for both existing and new industrial sources are forthcocrng, with aoc^oxi-
mately 12 industrial categories now proposed. These standards will include pretreat-
nent limitations on the discharge of toxic pollutants that pass through or interfere
wtn the operation of ?OTWs, consistent with the demonstrated operating performance
of POTWs.
!n developing new regulations and In reviewing existing ones, there 1s a major
effort to incorporate legislative requirements of the Clean Water Act with those of
other statutes in a systems approach to water quality control. As an example, in
the development and review of BAT regulations, new technology for recycle and reuse
of industrial wastewater is being developed and incorporated with the related RCRA
requirements for disposal of hazardous wastes. Studies of how best to integrate the
regulatory requirements of the BAT toxics control effort with RCRA are ongoing. The
Office of Water Regulations and Standards is providing data support and formulating
specific best management practice regulations for the control of residues and sluages
in coordination with botn the Office of Water Enforcement and the Office of Solid
Waste.
In 1982, the Agency will continue to collect and analyze technological, economic,
health, and general environmental factors for the development of specific regulations
required by the Clean Water Act and RCRA. To complete the revision of the existing
BAT limitation guidelines, the Agency will continue to characterize effluents with
respect to the 129 specific toxic chemicals and metals and to evaluate the effectiveness
of appropriate treatment technology and control measures. However, the Agency will
consider the extent to which the marginal environmental benefits of BAT and categorical
pretreatnent standards are worth their marginal costs. Addltionaly, all future guidelines
will be consistent with the Agency's toxic integration strategy. Technical, statistical,
and economic support will be provided to respond to litigation against promulgated SAT
regulations. The Agency will also provide technical assistance to Regional and State
cernit writers 1n translating BAT, 3CT and BMP technical studies with particular emphasis
on the toxic pollutants.
To complete the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT) regulations,
new technical, economic, and statistical data bases will be compiled to determine the
necessity of revising BAT regulations to meet the added test of economic reasonableness
imposed by the Clean Water Act for conventional pollutants. This will ensure the most
appropriate control mechanism define the required level of technology and that select
the most technically viable regulatory approach. Thorough economic impact analyses of
affected industries will be conducted to assess alternative limitations and, in parti-
cular, to assure that the ultimate regulations are economically achievable and equitable.
1980 Accomplishments
!n 1980, the Agency obligated $26,464,400 for this activity, including $5,084,300
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $21,380,100 for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The latter Includes $20,880,700 for contracts, $301,900
for ADP costs and $197,500 for interagency agreements. Contract obligations Included
$13,364,400 for technical analytical studies, $3,733,000 for economic and statistical
analysis, $1,744,200 for determination of health effects; and $2,274,100 for analysis
of environmental distributions of pollutants and exposure risk. The technical and
analytical studies included work on proposal and promulgation of best available
WQ-32
-------
tecnnology economically achievable effluent guidelines, new source performance
Standards (NSPS), and pretreatnent standards for new sources and existing
sources for the 34 industries specified in the NRDC Settlement Agreement and
the 1577 Clean Water Act. These studies also provided for the contlnjtion of
the development of regulations for SMPs, for RCRA related hazardous sludges,
BCT regulations, developrrent of a preliminary POTW toxic pollutant regulatory
st-etegy, and conducting the first phase of the synfuel investigations with
priority on gasoiol manufacture.
Du-inq 19S3, program accomplishments Included:
- Completed technical studies for the development of proposed regulations
in eight primary inaustrles. This wort: included detailed laboratory
analysis of effluent samples collected from plants in each subcategory
cf each Industry, evaluation of the treatment performance of pollution
abatement equipment currently used 1n each Industry, accounting for
variations In plant size, expansion space availability, location, age,
and production processes. The technical studies also explored the
feasibility of process changes to recycle or reuse water and the range
of treatment technologies used in other Industries that might apply to
the Industry under study. For each treatment option, process change,
and alternative technology, the costs Incurred by plants 1n the industry
were determined.
P'jslished proposed regulations establishing national effluent limitations
and standards for eignt Industries as mandated by the N'ROC Settlement
Agreerent and the 1977 Clean Water Act.
- Completed economic studies for development of proposed regulations 1n
eight of the 34 industries. Because ful! economic ir.pact information
is required before a preferred treatment option is selected, each treat-
ment alternative must be subjected to an econonic analysis. These
analyses Become successively more detailed as the range of options
narrows; tne final small group of options considerd are examined
separately for impacts on prices, production, enployment, Industry
size and concentration, foreign trade, regional economics, and the
economics of related industries. A precursor to this step Is the
analysis of economic data on the Industry to determine the economic
and financial structure of model plants most appropriate for regulatory
econonic assessment of the Industry. When necessary, economic impacts
are determined according to several alternative economic organizational
assumptions.
- Continued to Incorporate requirements of other statutes, particulary
RCRA, into technical and economic studies to develop industrial effluent
guidelines. Information on sludge generation, storage, and disposal
and associated costs, and the handling of hazardous materials and other
solid wastes played a major role in the development and proposal of
effluent guidelines regulations. Support for this work Included collect-
ion of initial data on sludge generated by two Industrial point source
categories and by POTW. These data provided a technical input to the
Office of Solid Waste on sludges generated by industrial SAT require-
r*nts as well as POTW sludges controlled under Section 405(d) guidelines
as part of an expanded complementary activity for RCRA. This effort
will reduce corporate and governmental administrative burdens in date
collection, permit Issuance and compliance.
- Proposed and promulgated Agency analytical inethods of analyses of toxics
in industrial wastewater and continued investigations of methods
applicable to toxic analysis of sludges and other complex industrial
complex industrial waste streams.
WQ-33
-------
Incorporated into new regulations consideration of innovation and
alternative treatment technologies (including cost and energy), ana
enhanced recycling and reuse of wastewater to reduce industrial costs,
alleviate economic impacts, and enhance environmental benefits.
9egan development of data to define model plants for synfuels in
gasohol, high BTU coal gasification, low 9TU gasification, direct coal
Liquefaction, and oil shale synfuel technologies. The node! model
plants will be used to establish baseline discharges, baseline capital
costs and operation and maintenance costs for synfuel facilities using
the best available data from existing pilot scale facilities.
Continued to investigate levels of toxic pollutants discharged to and
by POT* through wastewater and sludge. The results will guide tne
Agency's approaches to Implementation of pretreatment policies and
programs, to sludge disposal or beneficial uses, and to re-examination
of standards for wastewater discharges from POT*.
Conducted environmental studies, Including geographical and quantitative
industrial profiles for an overall environmental risk assessment of eight
additional BAT Industries. This study Involved extensive data gathering
In each region of the Nation to determine the concentration of pollutants
In tne environment in those regions. This information will Identify the
regions and industries that require special attention because of the
severity of their point source pollution problems.
"erforned best conventional pollutant control technology studies for
eight of the 34 industries mandated by the NROC Settlement Agreement
and the '97? Clean Water Act. This required exarlnation of data on
incre.wntal cast of conventional pollutant removal to determine a
reasonable level for treatment of conventional pollutants in each
subcategory.
Initiated technical support for Implementation of the standards In the
NPDES integrated permits. TTie individual plants 1n each industry will
face different limitations, depending on their own process mixes and
water use. For NPCSES permit writing, methods will be developed 1n inter-
pret each regulation or set of regulations applicable to each plant in
the 11ght of process wastewater and sludge generation, wastewater
treatment, and waste stream combination within the plant. Recycle and
reuse of wastewaters as well as other innovative technologies will be
major factors Incorporated into permit writing procedures. Because of
this, and because of many possibilities for chemical reaction and
waste dilution within the plant, these methods will be based on a
process and chemical engineering knowledge of the plant's production
and discharge practices, and their relationship to the standards.
Initiated further measures to add substances to the Administrator's
11st of toxic polluants, as required 1n Section 307(a) of the Clean
Water Act, by developing a selection rationale for choosing pollutants;
and by documenting the human health and environmental effects to those
pollutants.
Continued ongoing studies of industrial BMPs for raw material storage
and handling, and control of 1n-plant spills. Incorporated BM? study
results into Industrial effluent guidelines regulations where appropriate.
Effluent and sludge from an additional 20 POTWs were sampled for the
"priority 129 toxic pollutants." In addition, two special surveys
were conducted to assess the Impact of industrial pretreatment standards
on POTW influents.
WQ-34
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'9S1 Program
For 1931, the Agency requested $29,149,900 and 109 permanent workyears for
this activity, including $5,953,100 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $22,191,'CO for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Extramural
funds were requested for technical investigations, economic and statistical support,
exccsjre and risk assessments, analytical and sailing support, an
-------
Provide technical support to regional and State permit authorities for non-
conventi:nal waivers and now best tc interaret and apply regulations i«
situations rfice pollutant; have been excluded from the regulations. This
technical assistance will provide advice on these industry subcategories or
facilities excluded 'ran national standards or crobieos involving SAT
regulation of non-conventional pollutants.
- Continue treatability studies focusing on larger pilot studies for actual
industrial waste streams. Specific emphasis will be placed on those pollutants
that cannot be readily removed or treated by t-aditional methods.
Provide contract T^nagement support to the Ofice of Solid Waste ir. managing
industrial waste evaluation programs (see detailed program descriptions for
solid waste, waste ,-nanagement strategies, regulations, and guidelines).
- Formulate recommendations and publish reports on specific POTW regulatory
strategies, including support tor mechani sms for pretreatment credits at the
local level. Provide support to Office of 'Hater Program Operations and
Office of Water Enforcement Program efforts and guidance to regions and
States on PCTui toxics problems. Recommendations will incorporate definitions
of best practicable waste treatment technologies for PCTVfs and implications
for sludge disposal and associated program aspects for municipal grants.
Provide technical and economic analyses to respond to anticipated litigation
covering ¦ industry category cited in the 1977 Amendments. Assistance in
the preparation of court records for five prcnulgated SAT (toxics) regulat-pns
will also be required.
IPS I ixriana: icr. if Char.aes from Sudcet Estimate
The net decrease of $1,395,700 results frcm several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after tne 1931 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 55-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses.
The re-Juction applied to this activity Is $29,200.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a
decrease of $31,500 was applied to tnis activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $696,^00 was applied
to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by
$750,000; a decrease of $71,100 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide A0P services by $2 million; a decrease
of $11 ,500 was applied to this activity.
- An increase cf $66,300 results froo the cost of the October 1930 pay
raise and 1s included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- A transfer of $50,000 was made to the radl3tion media in order to
support the Radiation Policy Council.
- A transfer pf $13,500 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to
provide additional resources to support a new program for instituting civil
nonconpl iance penalties under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
WQ-36
-------
- ""he Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by S350.000; a decrease of $14,200
was applied to this activity.
- 0MB Bulletin *31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Seduction"
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of SI,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (pC&B) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity is S3.S00.
- CWB Bulletin 531-8, January 24, 19S1 , "Reductions in Fiscal Year 1931
Consulting and Related Services", required a total reduction of SI,794,200 to
consulting services; the reduction applied to this activity is $263,900, of which
$244,900 is to be --escinded and 519.000 is being redirected to fund PC&B deficits.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being
nade in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activitv is
S137.700.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies
Appropriation Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between
appropriations. This one percent authority is being implemented by transferring
*unds from the Resea-ch and Developnent and the Abatement, Control and Compliance
aporocriations to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation 1n order to fund PCSB
deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $494,700.
- Transfer $39,000 to program management to fund participation in the
University of Southern California/Environmental Management Institute.
1?S2 Program
For 1932, the Agency requests $15,069,700 and 35 permanent workyears for this
activity, including $5,331,700 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
S10.237.300 for the .Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Extramural
funds are requested for technics1 investigations, economic and statistical support,
exposure and risk assessments, analytical and sampling support, and support for
court litigation and remands. This decrease reflects a policy decision to promulgate
Efluent Standards and Suidelines over a longer time-frame and to stretch-out contact
support litigation due to slippages in the Effluent Guidelines schedule.
In 1932, the program will:
- Complete rulemaking activities for best available technology economically
achievable effluent guidelines, new source performance standards, pretreat-
•nent standards for existing and new sources for nineteen industries specified
in the 1977 Amendments.
- Complete economic analysis for the above nineteen Industries. Because
full econonic impact information is required before a preferred treatment
option is selected, each treatment alternative must be subjected to an
economic analysis. These analyses became successively more detailed as
the range of options narrows; the final small group of options considered
are examined separately for impacts on prices, production, employment,
industry size and concentration, foreign trade, regional economics, and the
economics and capacities of related industries. A precursor to this step
is the analysis of econonic data on the industry to determine the economic
and financial structure of model plants most appropriate for regulatory
economic assessment of the industry. When necessary, econonic impacts are
determined according to several alternative economic organizational assumptions.
WQ-37
-------
- Complete rulemaking activities for BCT regulations for the above nineteen
industries to serve as back-up to SAT (toxics) regulations. Supporting
i ndustry technical aspects studies will be precared and will include
discussions of relevant alternatives and decision criteria as assistance to
the 'POES permit authorities.
Propose regulations for 3AT effluent guidelines, new source performance
standards, pretreatnent standards for existing sources, pretreatnent standards
for new sources fcr synfuels. These standards are being developed in support
o* the national synfuel program, and thus are accorded a high priority in
keeping with national energy priorit'es.
- Conplete economic impact analyses for the synfuels industries. Because 'ull
potential economic impact information is required before preferred treatment
options are selected, each treatment option must be subjected to an economic
analysis. These analyses become successively nore detailed as the range of
options narrows; the final small group of options considered are examined
separately for impacts on potential prices, production, employment, industry
size and concentration, regional economics, and the economics and capacities
of related industries. A precursor to this step is the analysis of economic
data on these new industries to determine the economic and financial structure
of model plants most appropriate for regulatory economic assessment of the
potential industry. When necessary, economic impacts are determined according
to several alternative economic organizational assumptions.
- °r3vide technical, economic, and statistical support to respond to anticipated
litigation covering 15 industry categories. Assistance in the preparation of
court briefs and records will be required.
- Develop analytical and sampling methods in support of BAT and ECT toxics
control.
- Complete the study of PCTW operating capabilities. Including an analysis of
separate and combined sewer flows to determine the potential impact of toxic
metals from urban runoff on °OTW operating capabilities. The results of the
POTw study will be used to assess the Agency 'retreatment Strategy. Provide
guidance tc regions, States, and cities on pretreatnent and sludge disposal.
Provide support to the Office of Hater Program Operations and Office of Water
Enforcement efforts on P0TW toxics problems. Recomnendations will incorporate
definitions of best practicable waste treatment technologies for POTWs and
Implications for sludge disposal and associated program aspects for municipal
grants.
Chance *ron January Reauest
This request represents a decrease of $3,178,100 and 15 per-nanent wcrkyears, of which
$502,003 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,676,100 is for extramural support. This re-
quest represeents a change of output as follows:
- Schedule slippages will occur from 19B1 to 1982 due to integration of RCRA
costs into industry impact analyses, reductions in 1981 funds and workyears,
and the Influence of Executive Order 12291 . The effect of the 1931 slippages
had been an increase In 1932 promulgations from 7 to 19 industries.
- This proposed 1982 budget reduction will further delay approximate!y one-
half of these promulgations.
- Provision of technical, economic, and statistical support to respond to
anticipated litigation covering 16 instead of 18 NP.OC Consent Agreement
industries due to the above schedules slippages.
WQ-38
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HATES QUALirr
Grants Assistance Program
Budget Current increase »
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1931 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
(aoi tars m tnojsands)
-pprppri ati or.
„ontro". -cency Resource
Supplementation (Section 106):
Anater.ent, Control and
Conp 1 i ince $49,153 546,730 $51,230 S51 ,200 -$20
Areawide waste Treatment
Management Resources
(Section 208):
Abatement,, Control and
Corel i ance 37,902 34,000 33,823 ... -33,823
7rainir.g Grants (Section 104):
Abatement, Control and
Corjjliance 2,51 3 ... 764 ... -754
Clean ..aices Projran:*
Aoitement, Control and
Compliance 20,235 13.S0C 11,000 -11,000
Total 109,808 96,230 96,817 51,200 -45,61 7
Full-tine Equivalency
v.ontro! Agency resource
Supplementation 7 7 7 ... -7
•Ilea". Lakes positions are incluced in Water Quality Strategies Implementation category
in 1950 and 1981 .
Budcet Reauest
The Agency requests a total of $51,200,000 for 1982 under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance aopropriation. Included in this total Is a decrease of $33,822,800 from
the 1981 level in Section 208 areawide waste treatment management resources reflecting
termination of this planning grant program, a decrease of $30,000 grants for State water
pollution control programs, a decrease of $11,000,000 in the Clean Lakes program, and a
decease of S764.300 In Section 104 Training Grants due to a nonrecurring 1981 Congres-
s ional adc-or for academic training.
Frogram Description
The water Quality grants assistance program under the Clean Water Act includes
four elements: water pollution control State program grants under Section 106, Section
203 planning grants, Clean Lakes grants under Section 314 and Section 104 training grants.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation
Section 106 grants supplement State resources for water pollution control
programs. They are negotiated annually as part of the State/EPA Agreements
(SEAs) with 50 States, 7 Territorlties, and 6 Interstate agencies. Funds have
been directed to cover a wide range of water Quality programs including permits,
enforceoert, nomto-ing, municipal facilities construction and management, oil
and nazardous catena's spill response, and other priority programs. As States
receive Section 205(g) delegations of construction grants management responsibilities,
funding is p-ov.oed primarily under that Section for construction grants management.
WQ-39
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ftreawice Waste Treatment Management Resources
The Clean Water Act provides for financial support of State and designated areawide
water quality planning agencies under Section 208. This authority, combined with Sections
106 and 303 of the Act, provides tne basis for control of nonpcint and point sources
under the Act. Section 208 grants are awarded to State and designated areawide planning
agencies for continuing planning programs which address National, State and local nonpoint
source pollution priorities. Tne Clean Water Act provides for financial support of State
and aesignated areawide water quality planning agencies under Section 208. This authority,
combined with Sections 106 and 3C3 of the Act, provides the basis for control of nonpoint
and point sources under the Act. Section 208 grants have been awarded to State and
designated areawioe planning agencies for development of continuing planning programs
which address hignest National, State, and local pollution control priorities. Initial
plans have been completed by ail 225 funded agencies establishing a basic water quality
^-.anageTient framework.
Clean Laxes Program
¦Jnde- the Clean Lakes Grant program, financial assistance is provided to States to
classify their publicly owned fresh water lakes according to trophic conditions and to
carry out methods and procedures to restore and protect the quality of those lakes. To
aate the Agency has received 267 applications for lake restoration and has funded 206
projects.
Training Grants
Academic training grants are awarded to institutions of higher education to meet
professional manpower needs. Efforts in tnis area are Givided into three primary
categories: the professional graduate training program, the State agency fellowship
program, and undergraduate training grants. Curriculum development and other special
training projects in critical areas of water pollution control are also supported.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (Section 106)
1980 Accomplishments
'n I960, $49,158,200 was obligated for Section 106 grants, matched by approximately
S1 CO million In State resources. Traditional State activities funded under Section 106
included NPDES permits issuance and enforcement, monitoring, municipal waste treatment
operations and maintenance (08M), operator training, the State continuing planning process,
Water Quality Standards (WQS) adoption, and construction grants program management in
States which had not yet signed Section 205(g) delegation agreements. Emerging national
program priorities were also funded to a limited extent under Section 106. Toxics
considerations were introduced into NPDES permitting, monitoring, and WQS development.
Other priority areas included emergency response program administration and contingency
planning; pretreatment programs; Section 404 dredge and fill programs; and administration
of nonpoint source (NPS) control programs. With the support provided by Section 106
grants;
33 States issued, reissued, and modified permits, and conducted
compliance Inspections and enforcement activities under NPDES
delegations; the other States assisted EPA in most aspects of
permits development.
- All States progressed in developing full Basic Water Monitoring
Programs (BWMP) with special emphasis on improved utilization of
intensive surveys In problem assessment and solution design.
The States reviewed and certified Corps of Engineers dredge and
fill permits as required under Section 401, and worked toward
assuming Section 404 responsibilities.
WQ-40
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- "ne State emergency response progran enabled -nore than 2000
responses to oil and hazardous materials emergencies.
- A'1 States progressed in developing pretreatraer.t programs.
- Sone States cave priority to overseeing arc coordinating Statewide
%?$ control implementation programs ceveloped under Section 208
planning grants.
! 981 3roari',i
!n 19S', tie Agency allocated S51 ,230,000 for Section 106 grants under the
Abatement, Control and Cor.pl ;ance appropriation. Consistent witn overall national
or * or*, t ies and State needs, States and EPA nil! negotiate complementary activities
and funding levels in the itate/EPA Agreements. !n addition to continued support
of traditional State water pollution control activities, new 1931 national priorities
include:
- toxics criteria in WQS reviews and revisions; strengthening of
municipal waste treatment OSM and operator training to improve
°0TW continuing compliance and operation up to design capabi1ities;
- pret-eatnent program oevelopnent; establishment of 9KMP limited
fixed station network *itn toxic monitoring caoatil(ties; compli-
ance nonttonng of toxics, pretreatnent, and SAT peraits; toxics
consideration-; -,n permitting and enforcement;
- PC*'. continuous compliance erforce-*nt.
'•o SKE5 delegations are expected. Five additional States will sign initial 205;g¦
selegat'on srarts in rY 196i, raising the total nur.Der of states with grants to
42. Son-delegated StJtes wi!i continue to receive available Section 106 support for
their construction grants .-.anageroent and permitting activities as determined in tne SEA
process.
'?S1 Explanation of Change from Budget tsti.nate
The Congress increased the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri3tion
t>y S2,500,000 to support the Section 106 State Water Grants.
1932 Plan
In 19C2, the Agency requests $51,200,000 for Section 106 grants under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $30,000 from the 1981 level.
The Agency will work through the State/EPA agreeements with the States to ensure that
available funds for 106 grants are directed to national priorities and water quality
needs identified in the national needs assessment and in State Section 305(b) reports.
The request will also cover limited support of emerging priority activities Including:
toxics monitoring and analytical capabilities, review of water quality standards for
attainability and appropriate revisions, operation of dredge and fill programs, and
nonoolnt source control programs administration. Ongoing programs such as permitting
monitoring, and compliance will also continue to receive assistance based on national
priorities, SEA priorities, and availability of funds. Two new NPDES delegations
are expeetee in 1932. In 1932, 46 States are expected to have signed a Section 205(g)
celegation agreement, an increase of 2 States and the District of Colurtbta. Section
20$;c; fynas can be targeted in these delegated States to support all nun id pa!
waste T.anagenent-related activities. Construction grants management-relatec activities
will include: pretreatnent, operations and management, operator training, municipal
canpliance nonitoring, and point and nonpolnt source planning related to construction
grants decisions. Other activities eligible for funding under 205(g) include develop-
ment of Section 402/404 delegations.
wQ-41
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Chanoe frcw January Request
This request represents a Decrease of S2,100,000 from the January budget under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, It includes a decrease of $?,100,000
previously identified with comprehensive groundwater program development offset by an
increase of S5,000,000 for other emerging and ongoing State point and nonpoint source
control activities.
AfiEAWDS «AST£ "3SATH-NT MANAGEMENT (Section 203}
1930 *CCypl i stents
It '930, tie Agency osligated S37,90',500 a-ong 165 designated agencies for
Section 20S grants unce1" the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation,
Nat• on-jl priorities for grant awards emphasizes the major national problem areas of
•jrsar, <"unoff, agricult^-al nonpoint source (N^S), and ground water management, as
(sescrioed in the 1980 Water Quality Management (WQM) 5-year strategy and the funding
guidance, funding was targeted through State/ EPA Agreements to develop solutions
to one cr more priority problems identified in those agencies' initial WQM plans.
All funded agencies had successfully completed initial plans and were determined by
tne regions to be making acceptable progress in implementing significant portions
of their initial p^ns. Another 60 agencies were not funded in 1980, but continued
previously funded projects. Additional information on the W0tf program will be found
gr.as- the State Progran Regulations and Guidelines Sertion. In 1S30 Section 202 grants:
- Supported 30 National Urban P.jr.o'f Projects (SUSP) designed to
establish cause-effect wate' Quality relationships ano provide
basis for reconnenaations m 1983 Report to Congress.
- Initiated ground water nanage-ient denonstra:ion projects designed
to establish State and local management programs using effective
Best Management Practices (BMP),
- funded designated agencies to develop Statewide and local nonpoint
source control programs for urban runoff, agriculture, silviculture,
ground water, hydronodificaticn, construction runoff and other State
priority needs.
- 'Jnaer agreement with US0A, supported cause-effect monitoring and
evaluation of' 3M? i^ole-sentation in 13 cost-share projects funded
under tne USDA Rural Clean Water Program. Conducted 29 joint
US3A/EPA model agriculture MPS programs under tne ^oael Imple-
mentation Program (HIP) ami Agricultural Conservation Program
(AC?).
- Developed State/areawide implementation action programs identified
in WQM plans Including essential institutional and financial
arrangements to support self-sustaining managenent capability.
Cost-effective approaches identified through prototype projects
were documented and disse-ninated widely,
- Assisted the development a*d adoption of agriculture N?S cost-
share control programs in 13 States and strengthened control
progran authorities in 20 States and 370 local governments.
19S1 Progran
In 1981, the Agency allocated $33,822,800 for Section 208 grants under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In completing Section 208 grant
funding, grants will be awarded for projects which will solve specific nonpoint
source water pollution problems. The WQM Strategy and annual funding guidance for
WO-42
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1981 emphasizes continued concent,-a:fori of limited funds on national priority >PS
problems, particularly ground water protection, agricultural HPS, and uraan runoff.
Potential transferability of project results to other areas with similar problems
is also stressed as a selection criterion. Specific grant awards are negotiated in
the SEA process with each State. There are ISO out of 220 eligible agencies which
are expected to receive awards for one or more projects In 1981. The others will
continue work on previously funded projects. Additional information on the 1981
program will be found under the State Programs Regulations and Guidelines section.
Highlights of the 1931 program Include:
- Completion of funding for 30 NURP projects initiated In 1979
and '930 which will continue in operation through 1982.
- Continued 'unding of IMP inplementation monitoring and evalua-
tion in 29 joint 'JSOA/EPA M1P and ACP projects.
- Continued funding of 10 prototype groundwater management projects
to develop conprenensive State ground water management programs and
site-specific SMPs; funding for 5 new projects.
- Results of 10 financial nanagement assistance projects will be
documented and disseminated to assist other agencies with similar
financial management problems. Fifteen additional projects will oe
initiated in 1931, concentrating on implementation of NPS Control
programs and development of self-sustaining planning and nanagenent
capabi11 tics.
- Funding 'a- 29 State/local urban runoff projects to apply interim
findings of NURP projects; 90 State/local priority ground water
projects; 61 agricultural NFS projects to apply prototype technical;
ard financial T^nagenent approaches to specific State/local priority
problem areas.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The Congress directed a reorograrrrning to support the Flathead River project; a
transfer of $177,200 was made to state programs regulations and guidelines to implement
this directive.
1932 Plan
Based on prior year accomplishments of the Section 208 Grant program and
competing national budget priorities for United funds, the Agency requests no
funds for this program in 1982. However, financial assistance to State and areawide
agencies for high priority nonpoint source control program development will be
provided to the extent possible through Section 106 grants. Some national prototype
and State priority projects funded under Section 208 grants in 1980 and 1981 (for
groundwater management, urban, agricultural , and other nonpoint sources) will
continue to operate through 1982 and will be provided EPA technical assistance
to the extent possible. To the extent resources will allow, cost-effective
technological and institutional approaches developed through these WQM projects
will oe transferred for State and locally funded application in other priority NPS
problem areas. Completing and updating WQM plans to assure statutory consistency
of construction grants and permitting decisions will be funded through Section 106
grants or State resources, depending on priorities and funds available.
Change from January Request
There is no change,
ACADEMIC TRAINING GRANTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1930, the Agency obligated $2,513,200 for acacemc training grants, including a
Congressional add-on to the professional training grant program of $-05,000 for training
WQ-43
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graduate level students in water-related engineering and environmental sciences. The
amount of $105,000 was used to support 32 graduate trainees at 28 institutions. The
State agency fellowship program provided SI 25,000 for 57 State employees from 29 State
ana territorial water pollution control agencies. Upon completion of this training, the
enployees returned to their respective agencies to work at least two years for each full
year cf financial support. An unoergraauate training grant of $75,000 was provided to
twc institutions in water-related environmental disciplines to support approximately
15 students. A total of $100,000 was allocated to a pilot curriculum development
project ar.d for support of a minority aual degree program.
: 9S1 P-ecram
Beginning in 1931, a large percentage of tne $764,300 acacemic training r'jnas
will be used to support curriculum development projects in areas of critical water
oevel cement project Begun m 198C. Also in 19S1 , the program of State agency
fellowsmps will be evaluated and continued, if justified.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimates
The net increase of $764,300 results from several actions as follows:
- Tne Congress increased the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation by
$1 mi 1"ior to support academic training; an increase of $614,300 was applied to water
cuality training.
- Trans'er of $'50,030 frorr Water Quality Waste Treatment Operation and Maintenance
to support a gran: with tne Sew England Interstate Conrn ss ion to develop a program aimed
at improving plant management.
1SS2 P' an
There are no Agency plans for an academic training program in 1982.
Cnance from January Peouest
There is no cnange.
CLE AN LAKES GRANTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 19S0, $20,235,400 was ooligateti under Clean Lakes Program cooperative agreements to
initiate 126 projects, including 10 urban lake projects. In addition, 15 projects were com-
pleted .
1981 Procram
!n 1981, the Agency has allocated $11 million for Clean Lakes Program cooperative
agreements, with promulgation of tne Section 314 regulations, the Clean Lakes Program
nas shifted fron a demonstration to an implementation program. Therefore, in 1931
more funding emphasis will be given to implementation and less to diagnostlc/feasibility
planning than in 1980. Continued emonasis will De given to implementing lake restoration
efforts in urban areas. Because many lane problems involve toxic pollution, the program
will also to focus on toxic lake problems nationwide. Currently planned program activities
include:
- Funding 35 diagnostic/feasibi1ity studies
- Funding 20 implementation efforts.
- Funding 5 State lare classification efforts.
WQ-44
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- runcmg 1 toxic like restoration pilot project.
I??1 Explanation o' Chance fron 5uoget Estimate
The Congress reduced this program by $2.5 million.
19?2 a: an
In '9ii2, tne Agency does net reouest funas for the Clean Lakes prograr. ^ne Agency
believes tr.it the procra-n has natjrec so that the States are now able to integrate restcra
tion of priority la
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
AporsrH ation
Envi ronoental Enc-gency
Response and Prevention:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abate~ient, Control and
Compliance
Standards and Regulations:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Conpli ance
Regulatory E'S Pres-Water
Qua!i ty:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control and
Conpliance
Ocean Disposal Permits:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Total:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control and
Conpliance
Grand Total
Peinanent Positions
Environmental Emergency
Response
Standards and Regulations.
Regulatory EIS Prep-WQ....
Ocean Disposal Remits....
Total
Fu11-tine Equivalency
Envi rorsnental Emergency
Response
Standards and Regulations.
Regulatory EIS Prep-WQ...
Ocean Disposal Permits...
Total
Actual
1930
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
c
stlmate
1982
Increase +
Decrease -
1932 vs 1981
(dol lars
in thousands
1
$4,SS7
$4,970
$5,060
$4,231
- $329
5,544
4,295
5,506
1,991
-3,515
2,915
3,573
4,688
5,832
+1,144
573
1.433
2,235
954
-1,271
582
500
500
-500
1 ,115
879
1 ,021
1 ,034
-53
592
159
128
3,123
~ 3,000
8,917
9,422
10,769
11,147
-378
7,397
6,387
8,369
6,033
-2,236
16,314
15,809
19,138
17,230
-1.903
119
85
129
110
126
137
92
138
-34
29
24
23
*24
~ 1
233
263
236
254
-32
131
96
133
121
133
154
101
161
-32
~ 7
34
29
28
*29
'~i
261
288
WQ-46
315
291
-24
-------
Sudcet Peojest
The Agency --quests a total of $17,230,100 and 253 remanent workyears for
19S2, an increase of $1,907,500 from 1931. Included in this total is 511,147,000
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,033,000 for the Abatement,
Control, and tempiiance appropriation, with an increase of $387,000 and a decrease
of $2,236,000 respectively. The increase in the standards and regulations program
elerect will provide additional assistance to State and local agencies in assessing
water quality problems and in revising standards for toxics control. The increase
in the ocean disposal permits program element will cover the study and survey of 23
new dump sites being considered for designation. Also included in this element is
the environnental impact statement element, shown separately in 1981.
Srooraw Pesc-'ption
The water quality strategies implementation subactivity covers the Environmental
Emergency Response and Prevention Program, the Ocean Disposal Permits Program, and
the Standards and Regulation Program.
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention
The primary objectives of EPA's Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention
'rocra-? have been to protect water quality by preventing and responding to oil and
hazardous sjbstances spills, and providing emergency assistance to hazardous waste
site incidents. Section 311 of the Clean Hater Act of 1977 contains the Congressional
rancne to provide a nationwide capability to respond to and prevent spills of oil
and designates hazardous substances into the navigable waters of the United States.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
expanded the manoate to include response to and prevention of hazardous releases to
all environnental media (e.g. air, land, ground and surface waters) which cause or
threaten danger of public health and welfare or sensitive ecological systems. Activi-
ties in 1932 related to hazardous substances spills and hazardous waste site incidents
are budgeted under the Superfund Appropriation. The Environmental Er^rgency Response
and Prevention Program element covers only oil spills and prevention activities
beginning in 19S2.
EPS. continues to share responsibility for the Envircnnental Emergency Response
and Prevention Program with the U.S. Coast Guard (USCS). Jurisdictional lines between
the agencies for spill response actions 1n navigable waters are drawn geographically
with EPA. having responsibility for Inland water excluding the Great Lakes. EPA's
on-scene coordinator and/or his designated representatives will assume a monitoring
role or a Federal removal role, as dictated by the situation. To assure that responses
are efficient and coordinated, national and regional contingency plans are required
which delineate procedures, techniques, and responsibilities of the various Federal,
State, and local authorities.
In order to augment the resources of the program, the Environmental Response
Team (ERT) was established early in 1979. It is a team of experienced personnel
which provides on-site consultation services to the 0SC Including spill response and
mitigation alternatives ecological damage assessment during an Incident, determination
of information needs, as well as onsite deoloynent of prototype spill control devices.
In addition to the ERT providing mediate field assistance, the regions also receive
technical support from the Technical Assistance Team 'TAH contract. The contract
was awarded in 1979 and will remain in effect through 1981 to assist the regions and
the ERT in responding to Section 311 spills and environmental emergencies. A new
contract will be negotiated for 1932.
Ocean Disposal
The ocean disposal programs authorized by the Marine Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972 and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, have
been in operation since 1973. These authorities require EPA to regulate ocean disoosal
by out*al 's and by dumping, designate disposal sites, develop ocean related policies,
and participate in interagency programs that deal with development of ocean resources.
WQ-47
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To carry out trie ocean disposal permitting functions, the Administrator of EPA is
authorized to regulate the disposition of all materials except dredged material (which
is regulated by the Corps of Engineers). The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries
Act further prohibits the transportation and dumping in ocean water of chemical, biological,
a<\J radiological warfare agents and high level radioactive materials. E°A has statutory
responsibility for designating all ocean dumping sites, including those for dredged
material. There 3re currently 141 sites approved on an interim basis which -nust be
surveyed by an ocean-going vessel and tested by laboratory prior to formal designation.
Of these, 12? sites are for disposal of Corps of Engineers' dredged materia!, which
comprises nrare than 90 percent of all material dumped in the ocean. E3A is currently
surveying and preoaring EIS's for some of these sites us4ng a major, multi-year contract
tnat began in 1977. The contract is jointly funded by the Corps of Engineers, which is
the srimary source of funding for field surveys and data analysis. E3A contributes to
data base development and funds EIS preparation for the site designation effort.
In 1932, the contract is being increased and accelerated to meet statutory and
litigation requirements. With the requested funding, EPA expects to designate a total
of 42 sites by the end of 1982, and to develop and implement the necessary ocean iwnitoring
program to assess the impact of ocean disposal practices and resource development on the
outer continental shelf. At that time, an additional 23 sites will be under contract
for survey and impact review prior to designation. EPA expects to have completed all
requ<-ed activities for designating all interim approved sites by 1935, if budget levels
equivalent to this request can be maintained.
The ocean program activities ensure that EPA authorities will be applied to the
significant new and changing activities in the exploration and development of multiple
uses of ooen ocean resources. The program utilizes water quality criteria, effluent
guidelines and ocean discharge criteria to establish the framework for EPA assistance
and influence over uses of the ocean resources. Hajor coordination with the ocean related
program of other agencies is necessary.
Standards and Regulations - The standards and regulations program includes several dis-
crete functions.
Under Sections 304(a) and 307(a), water quality criteria are developed and published
to reflect the latest scientific knowledge on the kind and extent o* all identifiable
effects on human health and welfare. Assistance m the development and review of State
water quality standards is provided to ensure that acceptable standards are established in
each State. Basic hazardous substances regulations are developed based on aquatic organisms,
and designations are being expanded under Section 311 to include protection of human health.
Guidelines, standards and regulations are developed to correct water pollution problems
resulting from such sources as in-place toxicants and discharges from vessels and aqua-
culture projects.
Management of the Clean lakes grant program under Section 314 of the Clean Water Act
addressed the assessment and implementation of watershed and in-1ake restorative procedures
to insure that Federal grant dollars are used in a manner that will provide cost-effective
methods for the improvement or maintenance of the quality of publicly owned fresh water
lakes.
finally, national management, coordination and program development regulating the
discharge of dredge or fill material (Section 404) are carried out under this program,
including the review and approval of requests from States for Section 404 permit authority
for specific waterways.
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention
1980 Accomplishments
In 1930, the Agency obligated a total of 510,430,530 for the Envirormental Emergency
Response and Prevention program, of which $4,887,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and
$5,543,500 was for extramural purposes.
wq-43
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Over 3,900 notifications of environmental emergencies were received by the regional
ofices daring 1980. The progran responded to 152 soills which reouired a Federal On-
Scene Coordinator (OSC) to direct Federal removal actions and monitored 3771 clean-up
actions taken by the spil'er. '"he spill prevention program was continued by the regions
dLT-ino 1930, with a combined regional effort totalling over 2300 spill prevention actions
at non-transportation-related facilities.
Th? 2-person Environmental Response Team (EP.T1, as defined -n the orogrjn oescnotior,
•¦essanded to 53 incidents through September 19S0. It provided assistance aurmc the fiscal
year at the request o' the region OSCs both within E°A and outside the Agency.
Contract funding of approximate!y $3.1 -nil 11 cn was used for additional technical 'ie'd
support for enc-jency response. The Technical Assistance "earn CAT) contract provided 33
contractor personnel to help the regions and the ERT respond to oil and hazardous mate-ials
spills and unconfol led hazardous waste site emergencies, perform Inspections for compliance
with oil and hazardous substance prevention regulations, prepare enforcement cases, ar.d
assess scill damages. An additional $1 million was used to fund aerial surveillance and
emergency mapping for major incidents, operation and maintenance of the spill prevention
management information system and operation and maintenance of the oil and hazardous
materials technical assistance data system (0H*1-TADS) which provides technical information
to CSCD, and development of a safety training program.
A supplement of $1.25 million in extramural funds was used under Section 104 of the
C'ean Water Act t: pay 'c~ extramural expenses incurred during emergency responses at
incidents outside of the authority of Section 311. These funds were used for clean-up
contractor costs, environmental damage assessments, and special studies at uncontrolled
nazardcus waste sites.
During 1930, the emergency response and orevention program initiated Section 311 or
104 emergency response actions at 61 uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Technical assist-
ance, investigation, or other types of support were provided at 446 sites where Section
311 or 104 was not applicable. Response activities at these sites are highly resource-
intensive due to the complexities involved in handling hazardous wastes of unknown com-
postion and origin.
193'. Plan
In 19S1, the Agency has allocated a total of $10,555,409 and 125.5 permanent woricyears
to this program, of which $5,059,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and $5,505,300 is for
extradural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These
resources will be used to continue the current oil program under Section 311 and to begin
to implement the expanded hazardous spills response program under Superfund.
EPA is projected to receive 10,000 notifications of environmental emergencies during
this fiscal year. The environmental emergency response and prevention program expects
to respond during 1931 to 118 oil spills and 35 hazardous spills which will require a
Federal OSC to direct Federal removal actions. EPA will monitor 2,771 oil spills and
2,007 hazardous spills where clean-up actions are taken by the responsible party or State
and local agencies. Emergency response action will be provided at 69 uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites. The inc-ease from 1930 is due to the expected increase of
emergencies reported to E°A as a result of Increased public awareness of the new
reporting reouirements under Super'und.
The spill prevention program will continue in 19S1. It 1s expected that over
2,000 prevention inspections will be performed following major soills. Inspections
at hazardous substances facilities will be a significant factor in the increase 1n
prevention activity.
WQ-49
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Contract funding of $5,506,000 will be used to provide major technical assistance
and support to current EPA efforts. Of these funas, S3.100,000 will be used for the
TAT wtiich will provide the regions and the EST with 33 contract workyears, to assist
the regions in response to oil spil1 emergencies, prevention inspections at both oil
and hazardous substance facilities, Federal Emergency ^anage.Twnt Agency Mission
ass' gnnents.
$905,000 In contracts will provide for expansion of the Oil and Hazardous Materials
Technical Assistance Data System (OHM-TADS) to include newly designated hazardous
substances, crioHty ocllutants and uncontrolled hazardous waste site data fields; aerial
syvei 1ence and pnoto napping for sp-11 prevention inspections, contingency o'anning
and e-ier^e-cy response; and Maintenance of tne Spill ?revertior Centre' and Counter-
¦neasare (S'CC) management information systen dur-ng 1981.
Congress directed that the Agency initiate the clean-up of PCB's from Wankegan
Harbcr. $1.5 million will be utilized in this effort.
Highest priority will continue to be on protecting public health and the envi-onnent
by emergency response to pollutant spills or discharges. A major E'A enphasis will be
on controlling hazardous substance discharges from hazardous waste sites us'ng emergency
assistance actions.
1C~1 Exolanation cf Chanoes from Bud set Estimate
The net increase of $1,330,303 results from several actions, as foHows:
- Shctlv a'te-- the 1951 Budget estimate was submitted, 'resident Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Docu-ient 96-294); these revisions resulted
in a decrease of $7 nil lion to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity ;s $28,300.
- A 1921 budget amendment for hazardous waste orograms and related activities was
submitted to the Congress. This amendment resulted in an increase cf $200,000
to th's activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of $17,400
was applied to this activity.
- Tne Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a decrease
o^ $2,500 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 nil lion to the Abatement, Control
and Cofipliar.ee appropriation; a decrease of $123,600 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencyw
-------
- Transfer $13,800 *ron underground injection control program to support the hazardous
materials emergency response program.
- Transfer of S56.000 was made to the '•adiat'cn media in order to support tne
Radiation Policy Council.
- 0MB Bulletin <31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1931 Travel Seduction", required
acencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to
^und personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is $22,600.
- >18 Bulletin »31-o, January 24, 19S1, "Reductions in Fiscal Year 1921 Consulting and
^elated Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services;
the reduction applied to this activity is $27,203 wnich is to be rescinded.
- OVB Bulletin *31-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain Equip-
ment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000
is being used to fund DCS8 deficits. The redution applied to this activity is $5,900.
- An internal agencywide reduction o* $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made in
order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $104,500.
- An internal agencywide reudction of $1,790,300 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PCSS deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is S2.00C.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Deve'ooaent-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1931, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations, 'his
one percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from the Research
and Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity is S92.000.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; tne increase
applied to this activity 1s $35,300.
- The Congress directed an increase of $1,500,000 for the Waukegan Harbor PCBs which
was applied to this activity.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $6,222,100 and 92 permanent workyears for this program,
of which $4,230,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1 ,991,300 1s for
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. In addition, a total of $5,401,500
and 36.2 permanent workyears which was associated with this program in 1981 has been trans-
ferred to the Superfund program and is included in its appropriation request for
implementation of the expanded hazardous response program under Sunerfund. Therefore,
emergency response to spills of hazardous substances and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
will no longer be funded under the Water Quality Strategies Implementation subactivity.
The major program plans during 1932 include continuation of the oil response and
prevention program. The program is projected to respond to approximately 118 oil spills
which require a Federal OSC to direct Federal removal actions when there is no other
readily identifiable party with the capacity for clean-up. $1.9 million will be used to
support the TAT contract providing the regions and ERT with 20 contract workyears. These
workyears will suooort response in oil emergencies, Federal Emergency Management Agency
mission assignments and prevention inspections. EpA will monitor 3,490 oil spills where
clean-up actions are taken by the responsible party or State and local agencies to
insure adequate clean up.
WQ-51
-------
The srill oreven ticn program ir' 1 also continue m 1992. it is expected that over
2,500 prevention inspections will be oerfometf #o1 taxing major soil Is. with a njjor
emphases on hazardous substance facilities.
CHANGE F?0" JANUARY S£:'J£ST
"his request represents a decrease of $121,300 from trie January budget, of which
$54,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $67,000 is for Abatement. Control and Compliance
The decrease will result in a reduced level of monitoring of clean-up actions taken by
responsible parties, State or local agencies, and crevention inspections performed follow
ing major spil"s.
Standards and Redulations
1980 Accomplishnents
In 1980 $3,433,700 was obligated under this program activity. Major emphasis was
placed on development of a national water quality standards strategy, completion of the
criteria documents for 65 classes of toxic pollutants, Section 404 State program develop-
ment for inplenentation of the dredge and fill program, management of the Clean Lakes
grjnt program and development of program guidance to assist in revising State water ouali
standards (WQS) urograms. Included in this total was $573,200 for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance aopropriation of which $432,700 was for dredge and fill activities and
$90,500 for criteria development.
Accsmrl j sn-vgnts 'n 19?0 Included:
Cnter'3 and Standard;
°jblished human health and aauatic toxicity water quality
criteria for 64 classes of toxic pollutants mandated by the
Clean Water Act and tne Natural Resources Defense Council
Settlement Agreement.
initiated development of regulations to revise water quality
standards program.
Promulgated federal water quality standards for two States and
proposed Federal standards for an additional two States to meet
minimum requirements of the Clean Water .Act.
- Evaluated standards revisions for 26 States for approval or
disapproval consistent with applicable rules and policies.
- Reviewed 57 AWT/AST projects for applicability of water quality
standards to ensure that selected projects were the most
cost-effective means of achieving the desired environmental result.
- Proposed regulations for the removal of oil and hazardous
substances spills from the U.S. waters and shorelines.
- Proposed a rulemaking to delete freon and bi s-fchl oronethyl)
ethc (3CME) fron section 307(a) list of toxic pollutants;
finalized response to two petitions for removing eight
toxic pollutants from the section 307(a) list and conpleted
initial action on two additional petitions.
WQ-52
-------
^r^pcsed denial o' tws petitions to desiarate ?r.c$phate,
a-vmcn 3, and sulfides as convent 1-onal co'l-tants under
Section 304(3'(4).
S'jt1,;sned 22 dicests which summarize State-adopted water quality
standards fcr pjo". ic inforretion purposes.
Deve'iored crlter-.a for designating 12 new hazardous substances
uncer Section 311 or the basis of chronic effects, such as
carcinogen-city, -lutagenici ty and picaccumulation.
Completed review of Virginia's petition to establish no-discharge
:one; jncer the provisions of Section 312 of the Clean water Act,
regarding the prohibition of discharge of sewage from vessels into
State waters.
Initiated Congressional ly inandated National Estuarine Study,
conducted every six years, to provide a report to Congress
regarding the status of pollution and its impact on the
nation's estuaries.
s-cvided section 115 grant to the State of Michigan to study
feasibility of removing polychlcrinated blpheny's and
polybroninated biphenyls from the 3ine and Saginaw Rivers.
Dred~e and Fill
Reviewed over 1,50C controversial Section 404 oernlt
acpl icat ions; je.'el oped national policy for revew and
consent on general and individual permit appl-cations
and provided recommendations to higher management on
controversial permits.
'rpnul gated Section 404 State program regulations for State
assumption of program resr^onsibil ity.
Developed strategies and policies for transfer of Section 4Q4
programs tc States and provided assistance tc six States in
developing their procrans.
Coordinated Section 404 activities with other Federal agencies
(Corps of Engineers and the Fish and Wildlife Service), involved
in the section 404 program or related programs.
Executed a Venor3ndum of Agreeinent with the Cores of Engineers
regarding determination of the extent of U.S. waters *or the
purpose of coverage under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act,
and procedures for resolving disoutes between the Corps of
Engineers and trie Agency. Developed ancillary guidance for
Corps district engineers and regional offices.
Reviewed and provided comment on Environmental Impact Statements
'EIS) associated witn Congressionally authorize- construction
projects for their conformity with the Section 404(d) H) guidelines
'or evaluating oeTiit applications for the discharge of dredged
or fill materials into waters of the United States.
WQ-53
-------
Clear. Lar.es Hanaaetrent
- Provided n-anagement assistance to 120 ongoing Clear; Lakes projects.
- Assisted 35 States with the implementation of Stats/EPA agreements
or, Clean Lakes orogran requirements.
- Completed evaluation of lake restoration techniques and the
economics of Clean Lakes projects, which indicated that benefits
exceeded costs by 8:1.
- Assisted 15 States to classify puclicly owned fresh water iaxes
according to trophic condition.
- Published final regulation ar*3 program Guidance to administer
the Clean Lakes program under Section 314.
- Initiated development of a national rranageraent information system
by incorporating Clean Lakes grant water quality data into STORETT,
and the Grant Information Control System (GICS).
- Conducted four SPA regional/State workshops to explain operational
procedures of the Clean Lakes program, ccrrpleted and distributed
puolic awareness information about lake restoration methods and
benefits, and published a users' manual on grant assistance
offered urscter the Clean Lakes program,
- Sponsored an international (North American/European) symposium,
or. Clean Lakes restoration, ttse objective of the syrrcoeiurn was
to transfer information available on methods and procedures for
lake restoration for inclusion in the Acimnistrator's Section
204 (j) report to Congress in 1981.
1981 Plan
The current 1981 allocation for this effort is 56,923,300 and 137 permanent
workyears, of v^uch 54,688,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1931, S2,235,700 is planned for the Abatement, Control and Conpliance appropriation,
of whicn 51,257,900 is for dredge and fill activities and S977,100 for aquatic toxicity
studies, criteria work on priority pollutants arri technology transfer.
Continuing erphasis is being placed on the dredge and fill program, with additional
assistance to State programs, full review of State Section 404 program submissions,
and assistance to regions in specifying disposal sites. Increasing attention is being
given to the technical implications of this program, such as energy development, waterways
and agricultural ratifications. Continuing water quality standards assistance is being
rendered to States and regional offices in developing standards for toxic and non-toxic
pollutants. The hazardous substances program is stressing designation of substances
whose spills contain immediately active agents. A Clean lakes Technical Assistance
Program will be irplemented to assist States and substate grantees. In 1981, the program
plans include:
Criteria and Standards
- Issue regulations for water quality standards which provide for
a flexible approach on attainability of uses and focus on
coverage of toxics in State water quality standards. Develop
criteria modification methodologies for use by States in revising
State water quality standards.
WQ-54
Revised 4/1/81
-------
- Assist States ir, developing water quality standards for tradi-
ditior.al rtyrt-toxic pollutants with coverage or selected toxics
pollutants in areas wr.ere technology--baaed controls will net
adequately protect strea.-. uses.
- Devi-lop policy guidar.ee doexxnis on the ersvironrental,
ar.d technological attainability of standards for both toxic arvj
non-toxic pollutants.
- Promulgate State water quality standards for four States and pre-
pare federal standards for an additional three States.
- Develcr. proposals for addition or deletion to the Section 30">(a!
list of toxic pollutants and for the development of water quality
criteria for toxic pollutants beyond the list of 65; develop
criteria for 1-1 additional compounds.
- Develop water quality criteria for 14 toxic pollutants, in addition
to the list of 65 toxics covered by the 197"? Amendments to the Clean
Water Act.
- Corrplete twenty-eight additional aquatic life criteria for the list
of 129 priority toxic pollutants.
- Evaluate 50 advanced waste treat-rent proposed projects to
ensure tnat the projects will be cost-effective for the
attainment of stream, uses.
- Provide assistance or, 18 water qualify standards reviews for
approval or disapproval based on applicaole rules and policies.
- Designate new Hazardous substances as required under Section
311 of tr.e Clean Hater Act, on the basis of protection of
hurar. health fror: spills cf acute or irrodiately acting agents
(as opposed to chronic or lonq-tem toxic effects).
Dredge and Fill
- He View oetween 1,500 aad 2,000 major /controversial permits
and exercise Section 404(c) authority in cases where unacceptable
discharges are proposed. Refer major issues to headquarters for
resolution.
- Review and coment on major/controversial proposals and authorized
projects that have not reached the permit stage (accounting for
up to half the total penrit review workload). Review major
permits referred to headquarters (under Memorandum of Agreement
with the Corps of Engineers) for top-level management resolution.
- Provide technical assistance for cases in litication and assistance
to enforcement attorneys in actions against unpermitted discharges
and in cases involvir»g litigation against EPA on Section 404 issues.
- Provide assistance to States in the develcpment of a Section
404 prograra and provide full revie. of State Section 404
prograa submissions for compliance with delegation requirements.
HC-55
Jtevised 4/1/81
-------
- Review -IS' sufraitted for ze.~oz Federal projects for Section 404(b)
!i) g-iidc-iines compliance.
- Assess need for improvements in existirvj systems of Section 404
related environmental monitoring an: work with State, Federal and
local offices/agencies tc irpru.'e effectiveness.
- Preside special technical aralyses for dredged or fill discharge
envircr.Ter.tal prcfclerts which are region-specific and increase
assistance or analyses of technical and policy issues involved
in naior permit review. Areas of particular ooncem include
er-c-njy develocrent, agriculture, and waterway developnent.
- Complete final regulations for Section 404(oi for evaluating
perrjt applications in regard to potential environmental irracts.
Clean La-tas Management
Provide technical reviw for wer 150 clean lake grant applications
arvj reccrrond appropriate award actions for up to 75 projects.
- Provid? rranagerent assistance to approximately 120 operating
Clean Lakes projects.
- Assist 50 States and Territories in developing carprehensive
plans that address lake watershed pollution controls and
T^ilti-year priority lists for over 150 Clear. Lakes applications.
- Conduct, a Clean l^akes Technical Assistance Program to assist
States and substate grantees to resolve ccrplex technical,
institutional, and financial problems and transfer the technology
and/or approach to other St^te grantees with similar problems.
- Conduct four policy and technical assistance workshops/meetings
with State officials.
- Evaluate the duration of lake restoration tetfvuques, as well
as the economic benefits of completed Clean lakes projects.
- Evaluate Agency Manaoenent of the Clean Ijdkes Program.
- PoDlish proceedings fron the international symposium or. lakes
restoration which serves as the Administrator's Section 304(j)
report, ar.d transfer proven technology on the Clean Lakes program.
1961 Explanation of Change frorr. 3udgct Est irate
The net increase of SI,917,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was sutnutted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in
a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $22,700,
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $11,600
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide oonsulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $23,700 was applied to this activity.
wc-56
Revised 4/1/31
-------
Ihe Congress applied a general reduction of ST.5 million to the Abatement, Control
ar>d Corcliance appropriation; a decrease o: 577,200 was applied to this activity.
The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by 5750,000; a
decrease of $7,200 was applied to this activity.
An increase of S71.600 results fror. the ccet of the October 198C pay raise
arid is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
Repragra-mings to realign salary ar*3 related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in transfers fran water quality permit issuance (57,800); to State programs regulations
and guidelines (-533,300); frcn hazardous wa3te management regulatory strategy iirpie-
mentation (519,900!; fror: N"£PA conpliance-mriicipai waste facility construction
!S8,600i; to personnel management (regions) !-Si,20C); to regional council (-512.70C!:
to amoient water quality monitoring C —521,600); to SZ?A corpliar.ee, "EIS preparation-wate
quality (—512,300); to stationary source enforcement (-516,600); to minicipal waste
treatment facility construction "(-S3,000); and frorc regional management (si,000).
A transfer of 5400 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide additional
resources to support a new program for instituting civil nonccnpliance penalties jnder
Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
Transfer of 5373,700 to State programs regulations and guidelines Salaries and
Expenses (568,300) and Abatement, Control and Compliance (5305,400) to support program
activities and program reorganization.
Transfer of S700 to State programs regulations and guidelines to properly reflect
the clean lakes function.
Transfer of $2,S04,600 frcm State programs regulations and guidelines Salaries
and Expenses ($1,238,000) and Abatement, Control and Conpliar.ce (51,266,600) to reflect
a program restructuring the movement of the clean lakes program.
Transfer 520,500 to nunicipal waste treatment facility construction to support
travel costs.
Transfer 53,400 to artoient water quality monitoring to realign contract funds.
Transfer 51,000 to State programs regulations and guidelines bo properly reflect the
clean lakes function.
OS Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Seduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reductor. of SI,795,900 is being used to
fund personnel oorrpensation and benefits (FCtB) deficits. TVie reduction applied to
this activity is $9,200.
Offi Bulletin 181-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions in Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting and
Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services;
the reduction applied to this activity is $29,500, of which $23,500 is to be
rescinded and $6,000 is being redirected to fund PCiB deficits.
An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment oosts is being trade in
order to fund PCiB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $2,200.
Hie Department of Housing and Urban Develoccent-Independent Agencies Aixiropnation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. T^is
one percent authority is being irplemented by transferring funds frcn the Research
and Development and the Abatement, Control and Ccnpliar.ce appropriations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund PCiB deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity is $55,200.
Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCiB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $42,800.
WQ-56A
Revised 4/1/31
-------
1952 ?1sr.
in 1932, S5i"'93,300 and 127 permanent wornyears J'e requested for this activity,
wfci cr. is a decrease of S127.50C. included in this -"equest is $5,831,900 for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriat ion and 5963,900 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. Contractual sucj/ort for the Agency's dredge and fill orogran has also been
reduced by $718,000.
The program 11 provide an assessment of toxics problems or, a State by State basis.
!n 1982 the progran will inc'uae:
Cr-ter-a aid Stancards
- Assist States to develop capability rDr development and implementation of water
auality standards.
Assist States In applying economic, technological and environmental considerations
in the designation of attainable stream uses.
- Assist States m utilizing criteria -nodi f ication guidance in developing site-
specific standards.
- Assist States in identifying 'seal areas that will recu're more stringent
ccntrpl measures due to inadequate point source controls for toxic chemicals.
Evaluate seven regional and State water quality standards programs to determine
their use in decisions regarding the construction of sewage treatment plants.
- Review 3c State water quality stardards revisions to determine '* the standards
^corporate attainable uses and criteria a'-e adeouate to protect those
uses, with special consideration of specific toxic pollutant problems in
each State.
- Conduct water quality standards reviews of Advanced Waste Treatn»ent/Advanced
Secondary Treatment projects to ensure that the funded projects will provide
for the attainment of designated uses and that the selected projects are the
"tost cost-effective means of achieving the desired environmental results.
Cr-.p'ete development o* 2C national water suavity criteria documents for
to*' c pollutants as required by the 1977 Amendments to the Clean Water Act.
Cevelop information on 10 petitions identifying and designating pollutants
as conventional, toxic or ncn-conventional.
- Continue development of selection criteria for designation of hazardous
substances that enter the environment other than through effluent discharges
and which present an imminent and substantial danger to the public health
or welfare.
- 5>-onulgate regulations adding to list of section 311 hazardous substances,
with emphasis on compounds having multimedia exposure.
- Develop responses to State requests to prohibit the discharge of vessel wastes
within State waters, as provided under the Marine Sanitation provisions of
the Clean Water Act, Section 312.
- Assist regions to develop, propose and promulgate standards for up to 15
States w*iere State revisions are inadequate to meet minimum requirements of
the Clean Water Act.
WQ-57
-------
Dredce aid FM1
- Review najor/controversisi Demits and exercise Section 404(c) authority in
cases where unacceptable discharges are proposed. Refer major issues to
headquarters.
- ^ev.ew and comment on major/controversial proposals and authorized projects that
have not reached the permit stage (accounting for up to half of the total permit
review work!oad).
Review "najo"" pemits referred to headouarters (under "emorandum of Agreement with
the Corps of Engineers) for top-level management resolution.
provide technical assistance for cases in litigation and assistance to enforcement
attorneys in actions against unpermitted discharges and cases involving litigation
agamst EPA on Section 404 issues.
- Develop a management infomation system to track dredge and fill program activities,
better account for personnel and resource uses and provide information regarding
the aisposition of permits.
- Provide assistance to States in the development of a Section 404 program and
provide full review of State Section 404 program submissions for compliance with
delegation requirements.
Review enviromental impact statements submitted for major Federal orojects for
Section 404 guidelines compliance.
Assess need for improvements in existing systems o# Section 434 related en^i'-on-Teita1
-wmtoring and work with State, Federal and local off ices/agencies to improve
e'fectiveness.
Clean Lakes "anaaement
Management of the Clean Lakes grant program under Section 314 of the Clean Water Act
has beer, eliminated from this request due to the termination of the grant program. The
Agency believes that the program has matured so that the States are now able to integrate
restoration of priority lakes into their total water Quality management program.
Cnange from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $4,415,600 and 23 permanent workyears from
the January submission of which $809,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $606,200 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance support to clean Lakes grants management, The
reduction eliminates the management of Clean Lakes grants program, in concert with
the elimination of grant dollars.
The request also represents a decrease of $860,500 and 4 permanent workyears for
dredge and fill activities, of which $153,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $706,600
is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This reduction will postpone the development
of a dredge and fill activity .iianagement information system and reduce assistance to
states in the development of a Section 404 program.
There is no change from the January request for Regulatory E!S 'reparation - Water
Qual ity.
WQ-58
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OCEAN PISD0SAL PERMITS PROGRAM
1983 Accomplishments
"i>e ocean disposal permits program obligated $1,712,300 in 1980. This funding
included contract support for the development of impact state^ments for ocean disposal
site designation. Baseline surveys were conducted on sites included in the continuing
contract. By the end of 1980, 33 dumpsites had field surveys, five Environmental Impact
statements (EIS) had been completed, and four sites had been designated as official EPA
dumpsites. Dredged material dumpsite surveys 'or the Corps of Engineers (COE) were
completed on 15 sites of the 33 sites.
The program reviewed environmental impact statements (EIS) for onshore oi1 and
;]as lease sales and participated in an on-going interagency project which uses the
Hewer Garsen Banns in the Gulf of Mexico as a model for measuring the environmental
e
-------
The ocean program will concentrate on environmental effects of offshore oil and gas
activities with emphasis cn special N?0E3 oermit conditions, definition of sensitive
narir.e areas, environmental guidance, and technical assistance. The Agency will continue
to participate in an on-going, nulfyear interagency project with the Department of
Conaerce (DOC), NOAA, 001, and Department of State of measure the environmental effects
cf oil and gas drilling and oroduction on sensitive environmental underwater areas on
the outer continental shelf (tne Flower Garden reef off Texas and the Georges Sank off
Massachusetts). E?A will also continue to participate in nultiyear interagency effort
with the Depa-t-ient of Energy (DCE), and NOAA to establish conditions for permitting
sceci'ic ocean-related industrial operations such as ocean thermal energy conversion ana
3502 503^0^ **<3.
IPS! Exrianat i c* 0' Chanqe from Budoet Est irate
The net increase of $110,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
aoplied to this activity is $5,500.
- The Congress arplied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $13,200 was applied tc this activity.
- Ac increase o* 515,330 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise and is
included in > proocsed supplemental appropriation.
- Peprogramnings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in transfers from water auality permit issuance ($7,400); from water quail
enforcement ($119,500); from NEPA compliance-municipal waste facility construction
($100); from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites ($9,COO); and from public systens
supervision program assistance ($34,500).
- 0VS Bulletin JS1-7, Janurav 24, 1931, "Fiscal Yea*" *'31 Travel Seduction", reouired
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,"95,900 is being used t
rund personnel compensation and benefits (?CSB) deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is $2,500.
- An internal aiencywlde reduction of $5,550,000 to equipment costs is being -rede m
orde- to fund PCSS deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $6,900.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981. permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This
one percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds fron the Research
and Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance approoriat ions to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund ?C38 deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity 1s $12,300.
- Agencywide reprogramnings are required in order to fund the 3CHB deficits; the
decrease applied to this activity is $30,200.
1932 31an
The Agency requests a total of $4,212,200 and 24 permanent workyears for this program,
of which $1,084,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,123,000 1s for Abatement, Control
and Compliance, an increase of $2,999,800 in extramural funds. The increase in Abatement,
Control and Compliance will provide support for designation of 22 additional dumpsites
and initiation of field surveys on 23 new sites. It includes $500,000 previously
budgeted under Regulatory EI5 Preparation which will continue to be used for the pre-
paration of Impact statements as part of the dumpsite designation process.
WQ-60
-------
Under the contract, in 1982, 22 additional dumpsites will be designated bringing the
total to 42. 4 three-year designation effort will be initiated on 23 new sites, reauirinq
collection of field survey data during at least two di*fe-ent seasons.
In 1?S2 the Agency wi11:
- Manage the EIS contract to conplete 32 EIS/EIAs on ocean dunping sites
and designate 22 dunosites.
- Review and issue 55 special permit applications for ocean during , and
screen and coordinate Corps of Engineers' permits and Federal project
proposals.
- Respond to major cr'ses by issuing emergency and research peraits and
waiver reouests and provide tecnnical support against litigation.
- Compile data and prepare annual reports as required by statute for
Congress and the International Ocean Dumping Convention.
- Coordinate open ocean-related programs within £P4 and with outside
Agencies including Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas operations
(DC I, OX), ocean thermal energy conversion (DOC, DOE), and deep-sea
mining (DOC, DO!).
- Analyze major open ocean related documents of other agencies (DOI, DOC
DOE; unaer responsibilities of National Environmental °olicy Act (NtPA)
and Section 309 of the Clean Air .Act.
- EPA will achieve coordinated approaches to permit issuance for OCS
activities in sone
-------
*ATER QUALITY
*ater Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Appropriation
«ater Cuaiity ^nitormg
and Analysis:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control
and Compli ance
1980
Actual
19S1
Buaget
Estimate
1931
Current
Estimate
I9S2
Estimate
19S2 vs. 19S:
Increase ~
Decrease -
... $7,951
... 2.731
i.dollars ir. thousands)
$3,209 $£,750 $8,479
2,436 2,400 3S0
-S2 "1
-i .520
Grand Total
10,645
11,150
9,359
1 ,791
Permanent Positions
195
191
180
161
-19
r,jl 1-tne Ecuivaiencv
74 7
241
229
211
-It
Budcet Peouest
An appropriation of $5,359,100 anc 161 remanent workyears is recuestec for 1922
inclining SS.479.2C3 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $679,900 for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an decrease of $1,790,600. Included ir the extramural funds is 5429,900 tor
contracts and $450,000 fcr interagency agreements.
Program Description
This program's responsibilities include: Oevelopnent of systematic monitoring
systems tc provide consistent measures of environmental cuality; toxic pollutant data
collection and analysis to deterr.-.ne discharge rates, transport characteristics, and
environmental risks, review and management of Pecional anc; State monitoring crcgrams;
wasteload allocation guidance and review; analysis tc measure chances m water iual'.ty,
analysis of point and ncn-pomt sources of pollutants; and maintenance, enhancement, and
user assistance for ADP systerrx used tc manage EPA's water data. Specific activities
pursued by this program are described below.
This program coordinates State and EPA monitoring efforts to provide specific informa-
tion on water quality and to implement a monitoring strategy to provide statistical sampl-
ing to support regulatory controls. In response tc the requirements stipulated under the
Clean Water Act of 1977, this program provides: pollutant control strategies based on
assessments of environmental pollutant distribution, exposure/risk analysis and fate studies
fcr evaluating pathways through which human and aquatic life are exposed to pollutants,
calculating the consequent risks of that exposure and recon-nending necessary levels of
pollutant control for the 65 classes of toxic pollutants stipulated in the 1977 AmenG:nents
to the Clean Water Act, area-by-area regulatory strategies and guidance to the States
for geographic areas wnere best available technology (BAT) may not be adequate to control
colluticn, including identification of toxic pollutant "hot spots"; industrial/environ-
mental assessments for the 21 primary industrial categories to assist in the development
and defense of BAT regulations; assessments of the sources of toxic pollutants entering
publicly owned treatment works (P0TW and recommendations for appropriate regulatory
strategies); implementation of the State Basic Water Monitoring Program to provide more
intensive surveys, biological monitoring, and toxic pollutant monitoring, and resources
devoted to field sampling and analysis to detect and measure the 129 priority pollutants.
WO-62
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!n supcort of the Agency's toxic pollutant strategy, this program coordinates its
analytic activities with the Effluent Standards and Guidelines program. Additional
activities included in this program are: operation of EPA's water quality data systems
for inanagenent cf toxic pollutant and other data, including standardization of storage
protocols and quality assurance; ongoing evaluations of amoient water quality trends to
measure the success of EPA control strategies and development of wasteload allocation
regulations and guidance. It also includes management overhead for the regional Sur-
veillance and Analysis Divisions which are responsible for monitoring in all media -water,
ai--, toxics, enforcement, and pesticides) and for coordinating surveillance and analysis
among States and other Federal agencies.
1?3C Accct.s) i shmerts
In 19£C the Agency obligated a total of $10,691,900 to water quality monitoring and
analysis, including $7,961,200 for Salaries and Expenses and $2,730,600 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance. This program used approximately $2,730,600 for contracts and
interagency agreements to determine geographic distributions, to assess exposure/risk of
toxic pollutants to evaluate toxic pollutant contributions to publicly owned treatment
worKs (POTW), and tc perform biological and chemical monitoring. Accomplishments
included:
Assessment of environnentai exposure/risk and geographic distriDuticn of toxic
pollutants tc set revised Best Availaple Technology (BAT) regulations, pretreatment anc
New Source Performance Standards, ar.d water quality criteria, and to make additions/
deletions frcm the 307(a)(1) list of toxic substances.
Investigation of 15 potential toxic "hot spots" to determine actual levels or
toxic pollutant contamination in gecgrapnic areas where BAT regulations will not satisfy
toxics criteria.
Providing technical review of 25 proposals for advanced waste treatment (AWT)
projects.
- Development of detailed assessment of the sources of toxic pollutants to publicly
:wned treatment works (POTW), with resultant analysis of regulatory strategies, including
controls under TSCA and P.CRA.
- Continued evaluation of quality assurance procedures in selected State and
contractor water laboratories for accurate detection and measurement of toxic and other
pollutants in ambient waters and effluents.
- Operation of water quality and toxic pollutants data management systems to provide
access to and analysis of available information on toxics and other pollutants.
- Analysis and publication of reports of water pollution improvement in six
geographic areas to describe and document programs which are successful and may be adapt-
able to other areas. Developed Environmental Profiles for water quality.
- Development and beginning implementation of a water monitoring strategy to collect
and analyze water quality information for use in policy decisions and in measuring effective-
ness of programs.
Initiation of a review and redesign of water monitoring networks to improve
statistical coverage and utility of data for national analyses.
- Management of the State Basic Water Monitoring Program, which included toxic
pollutant and biological monitoring, and intensive surveys.
WQ-63
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Inplenentaticn of a data system for storage and analysis toxic pollutant data;
continued anc improved data systems to provide pollution control agencies, at all levels of
government, with widespread access to toxic and other pollutant data.
Performance of 1'.piled biological sampling and data interpretation to screen for
presence cf toxics, to :inpcmt needs for chemical monitoring, and to evaluate effects of
chemical pollutants.
- Continuation of an interagency agreement with the National Fish and Wildlife Service
and the U.S. Geological Survey to collect and analyze water samples and fish tissue. (This
helps oete^mme geograpnic distributions and exposure/risk a{ toxic pollutants, ano
measures trends t, overall water quality).
3'jtl ication of Ctate water quality assessment reports as '¦eouired by Section 3C5'b)
of the Act.
19S1 Program
In 1931 the Agency nas allocated a total of Sll.149,700 and 180 permanent workyears
for this program, including S8,750,200 tor the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
S2.299,5CC for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Abatement, Control
and Compliance funds support contracts and interagency agreements to determine geographic
distributions and to assess exposure/risk of toxic pollutants and contracts to assess
toxic pollutant contr i but' ens to publicly owned treatment works {POT W). Major acccmpl i sh-
nerts planned for i?61 include continued efforts to manage toxic pollutants and continued
implementation of a toxic water monitoring strategy. Program objectives include the
t'ol lowing:
Expand the assessment of sources of toxic pollutants to publicly ownea treatment
works !?QT'*s), and assess the effectiveness of pretreatment.
- Collect and analyze effluent samples and develop environmental exposure/risk and
fate data to identify ano recorrnend which toxic pollutants require furtner regulatory
controls or which shoula te added or deleted from the Section 307(a) list of toxic sub-
stances.
Identify and 'ant. 20 toxic "hot spots," and develop control strategies for
selected geograpnic areas.
- Provide detailed technical evaluations for use in water quality based decisions,
including review of 2S Advanced Waste Treatment (A«7) proposals and proposed revisions to
water quality standards.
- Col 1 act/analyze toxic pollutant samples to determine geographic coverage and
ambier.t concentrations of toxic pollutants in the Nation's waterways. Ten pollutants
will be screened for possible inclusion on the 307(a) list of toxic pollutants.
Continue development and implementation of a national water monitoring strategy
to collect and analyze data (including biological monitoring data; needed for policy
decisions and program evaluation.
- o^ovide policy and technical guidance on the use cf wasteload allocations in
water quality standards review and AWT review studies.
- Operate a clearinghouse of water and other related monitoring programs to main-
tain an inventory of wr.at data is being collected and help screen r.ew monitoring programs
to ensure that they are integrated with efforts of other offices in EPA. Provide
computer systems support to approximately 742 water quality data users.
- Guide the implementation of quality assurance programs for collection and analysis
for Headquarters, Regions ana States.
WQ-64
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- Complete Environmental Profiles 'or a'l EPA regions, detailing environmental
progress and regaining environmental concerns.
.991 Explanation Charge tr"~ Bidnet Estimate
The net increase of $505 ,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Doci/nent 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
if £? null-cn to E3A's reauest for Salaries anc Expenses. The reduction applied tc this
act-vit;, i s $-12,700.
- T"ie Congress reduced acencywice travel costs by $353,000, a decrease o' $11,300 was
aprliec tc this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywice consulting services by S3.8 million; a decrease of
522,400 was applied to this activity.
- Tre Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance apprcpriat;cn, a decrease of 577,300 was applied to this activity.
- Tne Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Services bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of SIC,000 was applied to this activity.
- "rt Congress reSucec acencywide ADD services by S2 million; a cecrease of $17,2CO
was jppl.es to this act-vty.
- An increase of $125,500 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise arc
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogranrpngs to rea'icn salary and related costs tc meet on-board needs resulted
in a net transfer of $:?2,2C0 from water quality permit issuance ($67,500); from environ-
mental emergency response and prevention (S£7,300;; from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
(S?,0CC>; from hazardous waste management regulatory strategy implementation (Si7S,30C);
from NE3A compliance-municipal waste facility construction ^ SS9,300); from water quality
manpower planning and training ($42,000); from uncontrolled hazardous waste sues
($30.500!; from water quality enforcement ($91,100), from State programs regulations and
C'ji eel i nes '$600); from water cuality NEPA com:!iance•E1S preparation ($2,700), from
dreccc- >nc 'ill ($21,100); and from municipal waste treatment facil'ty construction
$ 1,300).
- ft transfer of $1,000 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide additional
resources to support a new program for instituting civil non-compliance penalties under
Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
- Peprogranmings of $65,100 'rem the undergrounc injection control program to cover
basic operating costs of AD? support to the Central Regional Lab.
- Reprogrammings to realign contract funds resulted in a transfer of $34,300 from
State programs regulations and guidelines ($20,200); from dredge and fill ($3,400); from
ambient air Quality monitoring ($4,200); and from NEPA compliance municipal waste facility
construction ($6,900).
- Reprogrammi ngs to realign contract funds resulted m a transfer of $82,200 from
municipal waste treatment facility construction ($52,300); from water quality permit issu-
ance ($27,600); and from water quality enforcement ($1,300).
- 0V6 Bulletin #31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction*, required
agencywice reductions to travel; the total reduction of Sl.795,900 is being used to fund
personne' compensation ar.c benefits (PCS2) ceficits. The reduction applied to this activ-
ity -s $24,100.
WQ-65
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- DM3 Bulletin iSl-£, January 24, 1931, "Reductions jn 'iscal vear 1981 Consulting
and P.elated Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services;
the reduction applied to this activity is $21,000 which is to be rescinced.
- An internal agencywiae reauction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being naae in
order tc funo PCSB deficits, the reauction applied to this activity is S305.C0C.
- An internal agencywide reduction of SI,790,500 to other contractual services is
seme r.ide in order to fund 3C4B deficits; the reduction applied tc this activity is
S1.9C0.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Oevelc^.ent- Incependent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1931, permits a one percent transfer authority oetween appropriations. This cr.e
percent authority is bemc implemented by transferring funos fron the Research and Devel-
opment anc the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation in order tc fund CC4B deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $55,100.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PC4B deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $201,800.
- Transfer $6.SCO to program management tc support participation in the University of
Southern Cal i^cn-.a/'-nvircnmentai Management institute.
19S2 2lan
ir 19S2, the Agency requests a total of $9,359,100 and 161 permanent workyears for
this program, including $8,479,200 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and SS79.90C
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Major accomplishnents planned
for 1982 include development of a national assessment of water quality conditions and a
strategy for coordinating with other Agency monitoring program particularly in support of
the Drinking Water program and RCRA. Program objectives will include the following:
- Develop an initial assessment of national water quality conditions ana problems
based on biological and ambient water analyses conducted as part of the water "lonitorinc
strategy; :rcvi2e preliminary analyses of causes of selectee key problems.
Participate in the initial multimedia monitoring progress needed for tne Agency's
integrated toxics control strategy, including a systematic approach to icenti'ymg remain-
ing toxics problems through exposure ana'yses; operation of a toxics data system, and
review of the suitability of data for inclusion in the systen.
Analyze the national extent and severity of nonpoint source problems, based on
literature search, State reports, extrapolations from site studies, and review of ambient
and biological data.
Evaluate the environemental benefits of alternative regulatory controls using
available aata and information, where possible; and consider the likelihood cf controls
performnc as planned.
- ^rov'de environmental fate ana transport information in relation to the Agency
integrated toxic control strategy.
- Implement the basic toxic pollutant management program for the areas that require
WQ based controls, providing pollutant-by-pollutant and area-by-area studies, conducted
mainly through analysis of existing data.
- Collect and analyze toxic pollutant samples to help determine environmental
exposure and fate; analyze toxics samples from industrial waste streams; and conduct
selected sampling to help determine causes of local toxics problems.
WQ-66
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- Complete the analysis of sources of toxic pollutants in publicly owned treatment
works 'PQTW's) tc develop recommendations for deleting or adding pollutants to the Section
toxic pollutant list.
Review the water s.a':ty justifications 'r pro;osals f.-r advanced waste treatment
•;V„7 : projects.
- Coordinate the Regions' participation in the Agency's mandatory quality assurance
program; conduct on-s'te evaluations of State quality assurance programs.
«er»: w;in eacn State tc redirect and inprove State -on:torir,g programs, including
cremation of field roritor^nc networks, conduct of intensive surveys, cerfcnance of "limit-
ed pio-ocicai mor-tDrmg, analyses ~f toxic pollutants, arc irrie^ientatior of quality
assurance procedures. Assist States in aevelcping thei' toxic pollutant monitoring
programs .
°erfom analyses of ampient water data and review wasteload allocations and inten-
sive surveys tc heir ma^e Regional decisions on atta'riaDi1ity of water quality standards
in selected States and areas, and to assist in rwkirq decisions on perc.its and other regu-
latory actions.
Change rrcn January Recuest
This recuest represents a decrease of S2,007,5QC and 30 remanent workyears frcn
the Jaii.ary sutr.'ss'cn cf w*nch $??£,5w is for Salaries and Expenses ere S1.043,0CC
i s for Apater.ent, Control arc Ccr.pl iarce. This decrease will result ir reduced over-
sic-.t cf State -aar.itormc procrar-s. ••Isc, there will be some reduction in samt-li-.a
ire anlyses fcr toxic organic pollutants wiicn are not as prevalent in surface water
as ormcmal !y oe'ieved. Finally, there will be greater reliance cn existing data
and reduced emphasis on pollutants wmch pose less of an environmental problem.
WQ-67
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Appropriation
Kijmc'.pai waste
"re3t.""ent Facility
Construct '.cr:
Sa'anes an: Exrenses
Abatement., Control
and Cornp'i iance
'.E'A Ccnpliance-
Kunicipai Waste Facility
Construct!on:
Salaries ana Expenses
Aiatenent, Control
ana Conp!;ance
C;r;>s ot" Engineers:
Asaterient, Control
and Cot! i ance
waste Treatment Operation
anc Maintenance:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Subtotal, Construction Grants
-rccram Managerent:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control
and Corrp 1iance
^npower Planning and Training-
Water Ouality:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control
and Corpliance
Grand Total :
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Total
Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estinate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs 19E1
Tdollars in thousands)
$24,:o: S22.692 S24,36" S22.4C6
3,839 4.94C 4,511 4,279
2.467 2,662 2,635 2,580
6,102 6,6C0 6,210 6,60C
20,709 21.555 2C.844 21,51c
i,064 1,040 1,104 1,540
98 542 277 80
27,523 26,414 28,606
3C.74S 34,037 31,842
1.412
2.412
1.345
2.692
1 ,300
28,950 27,759 29,906
33.160 36.729 34.497
2s ,oj&
32.4^7
26,626
32.477
-S2.46:
-?"2
*45
*390
~ * ? *
-436
-197
¦,9^0
*625
-1.300
. o c.cz
-3,230
.7 02n
62,110 64,488 64,403
59,103
-5,300
WQ-68
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Actual
Pudcet
Esti*ate
Tj-rert
istnjie
increase
Cecrease
'9:0
1921
1981
; 9c2
¦932 vs 1«
{dollars in t
housor.c;s}
Permanent Positions
wuncipal ».-ste "reatment
"acil'-tv Construction
766
K J "?
505
-8£
NE'A Co—r 1' ar.ce-Vunicipal
hiStfr rac*l'ty Construction..
95
29
94
Crerat ior -nd Maintenance
2:
2S
25
* 10
Manpower -Iannmc arc
*raininc-niter Quality
34
? -
7^
- c -
Total
921
9U
82C
72H
-96
'ull-tine Eouivalency
Municipal »aste Treatment
Facility Construction
c?i'
?C€
71c
.oc
NEPA Coiipl i ance-Mjnicl pal
Waste Facility Construction..
89
95
90
95
* 5
Operation anc Maintenance
26
29
26
37
-n
Manpower Planning and Training
43
29
v <
-37
Total
1 ,C46
) 0c 7
95c
850
-109
Budoet Pei'jest
The Agency requests a total o* S59,103,000 arc 724 permanent verkyears for 19-52. a
decease of S5,33C,0CC from 19S1. Included in tnis total request is S26,525,900 'or
Salaries and Expenses and $32,477,100 for Abatement, Control, Compliance with decreases
of S2,280,10C and $2,020,200 respectively- The decrease is rude possible Dy the delega-
tion of major dav-to-day project management construction grant activities to the States
and the elimination of the Manpower Planning and Training program. Additionally,
there is an increase tc fund 301 (h) ocean waiver activities, and a decrease associated
with the elimination cf a nonrecurr-ng 1981 Congressional add-on of 10 permanent work-
years fcr tne headquarters review of advanced waste treet.nent projects with an incre-
mental cost over S3 million.
Procram Description
The nunicipal source control subactivity is composed of two program areas:
construction grants program nunagnent, and waste treatment training and technical
assistance. A general description of each of these areas is as follows:
Constructicn Grants crooran Manacje^ert
This area involves the naragenent of the program which awards grants for planning,
design, and construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities. The grants are
made by EPA to irnnici pal i ti es whc, in most cases, contract with architects/engineers and
construction firms to do the actual planning, design and construction. The objective of
the prcgran is to eliminate the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated pollutants
into the Natior's waters and, thereby, restore and maintain the quality of these waters.
for oudcetary purposes, construction grants program management is dividled into the
following 'our principal prograx. elenients:
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction This program includes
most of the day-to-day in-house n"an
-------
NE3A Conpl i jnce. This involves environmental evaluation activities, including
tr.e assessor.: of envi rorunental information cocunents and negative declarations,
and the preparation and oversight of environmental impact statements. The
purpose of these activities is tc assure that municipal wastewater treatment
facilities are planned and constructed in conformance with the National Environ-
mental Policy Act (NEPA).
Cccs of Engineers. This program covers a series of construction management
activities assigned to the Corps of Engineers to assure the technical and fiscal
integrity cf projects under construction.
Crer3tior 3rd Va-rtenance. This Part of the program involves the continuous
assessment of puolicly ownec treatment works (PCTWs) m accorcance with Section
210 of the Clean Water Act. It also provides for the support of State, local,
and private sector efforts tc achieve compliance with established effluent
standards through unproved operations and management. EPA provides support
for both new and existing PCTWs by developing guidance materials, conducting
demonstration projects and public awarenees activities, identifying researcn
needs, and developing and supporting training projects.
In the past, direct grants management activities were performed primarily in the
E°A regional offices. EPA is in the process of delegating many of these grant-related
activities to the State uncer Section 205(g) of the Clean Water Act. Delegation agree-
ments between EDA and the States provide for delegation in pnases. Although 46 States
anc territories will have signed delegation agreements through 1952, full delegation
¦-esponsicilt les wi". 1 net be assumed in many of these States until 1983 or later, with
tr.e J.S. Ar-y Corps cf Engineers also assisting in construction management activities,
E'A is changing its management orientation from project-by-project management tc overall
program management. However, the Agency must still provide considerable training and
assistance to the States, before the goals cf the delegation program can be accomplished.
'he Agency is undergoing a ^jor evaluation and planning effort, the "1990 Strategy",
tc determine the lone-terra goals for the construction grants program and the steps needed
in tne 198C's to reach these goals. This effort will result in reconnenaations for
program changes as necessary.
«aste "Treatment 'raining ano Technical Assistance
The activities in this program area include: (a) program support (courses, materials,
etc.) for training and certification of municipal wastewater treatment facility operators
and related personnel to improve plant efficiency in existing plants and to assure effi-
cient and reliable operation of new federally-funded plants; and (b) training of EPA, Slate
and private sector agency personnel in the technology of abatement ana control of water
pollution through short-tern training courses, development of audiovisual training aids,
and Delivery of course packages and other training resources for the purpose of developing
effective State and local water pollution control training programs.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
1990 Acccmplishnents
The construction grants program management obligations for 1980 totalled S58,286,10C
cf which $27,538,000 was for salaries and expenses and 530,748,100 for extramural act-
ivities. EPA awarded 2,392 grants totalling $4,673 million. Approximately 11,054 pro-
jects were in the preconstruction or construction stages by year end, including 4,982
facility planning projects, 1 ,538 design projects, 600 combined design and construction
projects, and 3,934 projects uncer construction. The following table summarizes the
program for 1980.
WQ-70
-------
1980
Number Amount
(do 11 ars in mi1 1 ions)
"otal Oil * cat ions - Gross &/
Total Outlays
Awards Prccessea:
Step i Awards .
Step 2 Awards .
Step 2 '-wards .
Step 2-3 Awards
Step 3 Completions
(including Step 2*3) 845
Active Projects 11,054
Sew EiSs and Pelated Studies
inititatec 55
a/ Tr-s represe'ts grcss obligations during the year. Set obligations, reflecting
recoveries frcm past awards, totalled $4,376 million.
The >-,t73 million in g--oss 1960 obligations represents a decrease of 5127 million
frop the level projected in EPA's budget request to Congress last year. This decreased
level of obligation activity occurred largely because of the oeferra! of 198C funcs during
the year. Th¦>s deferral caused many States to slow down their grant activities because
of lack of available funds.
Adcit'onal progress was nade in delegating maior management responsibilities 'or
the program to the State under Section 205(g) of the Act. Eight States signed delega-
tion agreements ir 1980, fcr'ncmg tt-.e total nunber of States with 205(g) agreements
to 33. E3i continued to train and assist the States to fully assirie the delegated
functions.
The U.S. Army Cores cf Engineers and EPA extended their interagency agreement for
an indefinite period, subject to annual funding. The terms of the revised agreement are
basically the sane as those in the original agreement, with most of the Corps' efforts
devoted to conducting interim inspections on projects under construction, providing full-
time on-site presence on large complex projects, serving as project officers on grants
for actual construction, anc reviewing plans and specifications to assure that plans are
tidable and constructable before contract awards are let.
In 1980 EPA began a major reassessment of the construction grants program. Issue
papers were prepared in the areas of compliance, funding, operations, management, and
planning; anc meetings were held on a regular basis with approximately 15 interest groups,
•including State and local governments, consulting engineers, sewerage agency adrai r.i strators,
anc rural residents.
The National Municipal Policy and Strategy was published at the beginning of 193C.
*he purpose of this policy and strategy is to improve the degree of compliance of publicly
owned treatment works by integrating the activities of the grants, enforcement and NPDES
permit compliance programs. This is a joint strategy for EPA and tne States which will
fccus initially on non-compliance in major urban areas and be carried out through the
jrvihicipal management system.
S4.673
4.343
60S
Z~S
303
WQ-71
-------
"he operation anc! management program continued to develoc a coordinated, broac-cased
approach to impact tie design of new 0CTws to assure their meeting effluent objectives.
Three or-site demonstration projects were mitiatec in three States to assess procedures
fcr encouraging the private sector to market techical service's tc PuTWs not currently
in compliance. Also, two region-wide pilot projects began, which are designed to identify
POTWs not in compliance, assure a remedial program is established for them, and track all
action necessary to achieve compliance. The first year that the innovative and alterna-
tive (I/A) technologies program was fully operational was in 19SC. The purpose of I/A
technologies program is to promote reduced costs, energy savings, improved treatment of
toxic substances, better operations anc management, recycling of wastewater, and better
jcirt treatment by municipalities anc industries. E3A initiated an "active" I/A technology
progrjp, which is a joint effort o* the construction grants anc research anc deveicprie-t
staffs, to encourage greater use of I/A technologies and to generate more I/A projects.
iJnoer the "active" program, the Agency identifies potential I/A projects anc provides
technical assistance in the design of these projects. In I960, EPA established a
special advisory board to help the administrator review and make recomnenoations for
the I/A program. The Agency has funded 549 I/A projects as of September 30, 1980.
In :?S0, EPA initiated 56 EIS's and related studies, fcegar, processing grants for the
development of pretreatnent programs, and issued policy prohibiting retroactive require-
ments. The Agency also evaluated 535 acvanced treatnient projects. Thirty-five of these
projects involved incremental costs above secondary treatment levels of mere tnan S3
million and EPA's evaluation of these 25 produced a total capital cost savings of S80
million. In addition, the Agency reviewed 12 applications for waiver of secondary treat-
ment requirements for communities with ocean outfalls, and completed ail of the field
work and analysis on the jcint St3te-E3A Needs Survey in compliance with Section 205(a)
and 516(b)(2) of the Clean water Act of 1977,
1981 ^rccram
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of ScC.443,400 anc 797 permanent work-
years to this program of which $28,606,600 is for tne Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 531 ,842,400 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriat ion. Concurrent with the submission of this budget the Administration has
implemented a rescission of SI.7 billion in construction grants appropriations ($1.0
billion from the FY 1981 appropriation. S566 million from the 1980 appropriation,
and $114 million of Ta i maoge.'Nunn funds) which will reduce the planned level of ob-
ligations for the year bv approximately 101. EPA expects to award approximately 2,570
grants totalling S3.8 billion. Approximately 11,390 projects will be in the precor.struc-
tion or construction status by year end. The following table Siernarizes the reduced pro-
gram planned for 1981:
Item
1981
Number A.mount
(dol1ars in mil 1 ions)
Obligations - Gross _a/ S3.800
Total Outlays $4,180
Awards "rocessed:
Step 1 Awards 590
Step 2 Awards 900
Step 3 Awards 710
Step 2»3 Awards 370
Step 3 Completions 1,427
(including Step 2 and 3)
Active Projects (all steps) 11,390
New EISs and Related Studies 51
Inltitated
W0-72
-------
a/ Tm s represents cross obligations during the year. Net ob" igations, reflecting
recoveries frc~ past awards, are projected to tola! S3.5 cillion.
EPA Kill complete a nujor assessment of the construction grants program in 1981.
The assessment is being developed tc analyze the program's current problems, to evaluate
ii temative directions for the program m the future, and to recommend revisions to the
p-ocrj-. Tne study was initiated in t: ck" t of: '¦) the expanded rc!e of the States and
the Corps cf Engineers 'r. the management program, 2) extremely large needs for funds m
i period of national fiscal austerity, and 3) problems related to tne achi evabi1i ty of
legislative oca's, lengthy grants processing arc completion times, inaceauate performance
1 r. r,wnicrpil .iterations anc compliance, an; problems ir, acnieving municipal self-sufficiency
A.-.onc tie activities being delegates tc the States are data entrv and use of the
construction grants management system (G*S;. with delegation of tne day-to-day manage-
ment activit'es to the States, it is essential that GMS be responsive to the new manage-
rs nt orientation of E3J, as well as to the needs of the States. Therefore, at the Deginr.-
i r.g cf 1?£1 , the Agency organized a Grants f^ragerent System «ork. Group, comprised of
EPA ar.d State representatives, to improve Doth the management system and the training of
State staffs.
during 19S1, E^A will develop action plans for implementing the Municipal Manage-
ment System aid will -centify anc tracK several projects on a nationwide scale, with
part icui f e^.&hasis on facil'ties ir tne 'largest metropolitan areas wtiich have r.ot yet
achie.ec minnai secondary treatment recuirements. A":sc in the area of compliance, the
csir at•ons and management program will continue initiatives begun in 1930. The results
of the tnree State demonstration projects, designed to stimulate the marketing of opera-
tional services to °C~ns ty the private sector, will se published and disseminated.
"he ;wc ro;-,cn-wide projects designee tc assure ncn-corrpiying POTws are brougnt into
compliance 11 continue and four accif.ona! projects in other regions will oegin.
Er'A will ceve'oo a Community Guicecooi. to assist communities in dealing with the consulting
community when procuring CJY services and will develop training courses for design consultar.
on factoring CSX considerations into the construction grants process.
!n '981. E-A will cor.tirue to promote the development and use of innovative/
alternatives technologies. Guidelines will be developed for a national I/A excellence
award for consulting engineers. The water and Wastewater Equipment -Manufactures Associa-
tion, Inc. and E3A will continue the */A seminars that began in 1S8C. EPA will also
continue its "active" program to promote the development and use cf A technologies,
"he current 3-year j/A orogram will expire on September 30, 1981.
EPA has established a detailed review process related to funding cf advanced waste
treatment projects. This evaluation ensures that such funding is strictly limited tc
those situations where the higher level of treatment is both necessary to meet water
duality standards ana te effective i r, meeting higher standards. !n accordance with the
Conference Report of the !??! approcriation for construction grants, the EPA Administrator
will continue to evaluate all waste treatment projects involving treatment levels more
stringent than secondary wtiere the incremental cost of the advanced component is greater
than S3 million. The evaluation of these projects will not be delegated to the regions
but will be performed ev staff in headquarters; tne regional offices will be responsible
?or --eview of similar projects with an incremental cost of S3 million or less.
Other activities planned *or 1931 are the issuance cf guidance for streamlining
program compliance with 57 Federal laws and Executive orders, the evaluation of 469
advanced treatment projects, the issuance of revised policy to improve the review proce-
dure; for advanced treatment projects, and the preparation of three generic sncdel facility
plans to simplify and speed-up facility planning for small coimunities. Ir. addition.
hQ-73
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tne Agency will arize ar.c -ecrcrt the results of the joint State-E?A Seeds Survey
to Congress, ana as part cf the 201 Construction Grant program, aware over 1,000 crarts
for tne development of prelreatmert programs and over 500 grants for the purcnase of
monitoring equipment arc construction of facilities reeded for pretreatment. As part of
the 20lr program, E3A will also evaluate at least 24 applicat'ons for waiver of secondary
treatment reauireport fcr conmunities with ocean outfalls ana begin maxinc decisions on
trese apps icaticns.
19Ei Explanation of Budget Estimate
V-P'.c'zd' ojste ''•eatr.ent "acility Construction - The net increase of $1,746,200
results rro.r. severa; actions, as 'o.icws:
- Shortly after tne 1981 buacet estimate was suomitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to tne budget 'House Document 96-254), these revisions resulted
•n a decrease cf $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
redacticr applied to this activity is $141,800.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $950,000; a decrease of $44,300
was applied to this activity.
- "he Congress reduced agencyv,ide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
cf $192,700 was applied to this activity.
- "he Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement. Con-
trol and Ccr.pl i arce approrr • a'.; on, a decrease of $133,300 was applied to this
acfvity.
- The Congress inc-eased the Salaries and Expenses appropriation by $300,CCD to
support 10 advanced waste treatment positions.
- An -increase of $336,900 results fror. the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
•S included m a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprograrrin) ngs of *$278,300 to realign salary and related costs to meet on-Doard
needs resulted in a transfer from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites($13,700); from
so' id waste r.jnagenent program mplmentation($36, ?00) ; from toxics manacer.ent($l 1,900>,
frcr. planning, evaluation and analysi s (S 21,2C0); from nianpcwer planning and training -
water qua! i ty;$3C,?CC), from water Quality permit issuance;*?,20C): rrom hazardous waste
management regulatory strategy implementaticn($453,600); fron solid waste technical
assistance delivery - regions($4,2C0); from hazardous waste enforcement($l,600); from
pesticides enforcement'S4,400); from public systems supervision program assistance
($102,400); from regional managenent($67,100), from standards and reguiations($3,700);
from hazarocus permit enfcrcement($20,000); from ambient air quality monitoring($lc,900),
•rem ar.t)i ent water cuality mom tori ng {S1,200); and to NtPA compliar.ce/EIS prep-water
qua!1ty($l,600); to ambient air quality monitoring ($16,900); and to ambient Water Quality
monitoring ($ 1,SCO).
- A transfer of $5,200 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide addi-
tional resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance penalties
under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
- "ransfer $27,800 to program management CWWM, to support the needs of the DAA,
Office of Water Program Operations.
- Transfer $92,S00 from standards and regu)aticns($20,£00) and from underground
injection control program($72,300), to cover travel costs.
WQ-74
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- Transfer S-55 .40C to uncontrcl 1 ed hazardous waste sites for an analytical contract
to expand the regions capability to analyze high priority quick turn-around sanples.
- Transfer $52,300 tc ancient water quality monitoring, to realign contract funds.
- A transfer of $76,200 was rcade to the Office of Inspector General in order to
provice additional resources to that Cffice.
- "rar,sfer $32,203 tc financial management (regions) to support construct ion grants
activities.
- OKE Bulletin »8i- 7, January 24, 1961, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel RtOi.it'.or*, recuirec
acencywice reductions tc travel; the total reauction of S; ,795,900 is oeinc used to ?una
personnel compensation anc oenefits ;?CSB) aeficits. The recuction appliea tc this activ-
ity is $152,500.
- 0MB Bulletin »S!-£, January 24, 1931, "Reductions in Fiscal Year 1931 Consulting
anc! Related Services", required a total reduction of SI,794,200 to consulting services,
the reduction applied to this activity is $34,300, wiich is to be rescindec.
- 0Bulletin »Sl-9, January 24, 1981, "Moratorim on ^rocurenient of Certain
£c-ior.er't", recuired agencywide reGuctions to ecuipnient; the total reduction of $421,CCC
is being used to fune PCAB deficits. The reduction acplleo tc this activity is S1.20C.
- Ar internal agercywioe recuctior- of $6,550,000 tc eouipr.ent costs is being ruse in
crde- to func ?CS5 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $8,000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,300 to ctner contractual services is
being naae in oraer to fund 5CSS deficits; the recuction applied tc this activity is
55,000.
- Tne Department of Housing arc 'jrban Oevelopnent-Ir.cependent Agencies Appropriate
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
percent authority is being i.?; i er.erted by transferring funds frotr. the Research anc Devel-
opment anc trie Abatement, Control anc Compliance acceptations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation in oraer to funo PC45 deficits, the reduction appliec to this
activ i ty is $10 7,200.
- Agencyw.oe increases are required in order to func the PC48 deficits; the increase
applied tc this activity is $1,235,000.
- Transfer $13,000 to program .nanagement to support participation in the University
of Southern Cal i forma/Environmental Management Institute.
NEJA Comcl iance-ttunicioal Waste Facility Construction - The net decrease of $437,500
results frc.n several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 19S1 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revis'ons tc the Dudget (House Docunent 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to £-A's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $16,200.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $S50,C00; a decrease of
S5.600 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced aaencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a
decrease of $117,600 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement,
Control ana Compliance apprcpr i at ion; a decrease of $212,300 was applied to this
activity.
WQ-75
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- An increase of S37.8C0 results froir. the cost of the October 1380 pay raise
and is included in a proposed supple.nental appropriation.
- Reprogrammincs to realign salary ana related costs to meet orv-board needs
resulted in a transfers from Hazardous waste management regulatory strategy imple-
rentaticn(S26,000); to State programs regulations and guidelines{-$2,£00); to
anbient water quality monttoring(-$89 ,800); to ocean disposal peroi t s (- S 700);
dredge and fi 11 ',-$15,400!, to waste treatment operations and maintenance(-$4,000);
and from standards and regu)aticns{$€,800}.
- Transfer $23,000 from -ate- quality pe-^-t issuance, SIC,000 f'-os under-
ground injections control srograsi, and $20,000 from uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites to support EIS statements.
- Transfer $6,900 to anbient water quality monitoring, and $1,200 to uncon-
trolled hazardous waste sites to realign contract funos.
- Transfer $15,000 to environmental emergency response and prevention;
$12,900 to water quality enforcement, and $13,000 to noise regional program
1-r.pl ement at ion to realign contract funcs.
- Transfer $49,700 from underground injection control progran to cover required
printing of CIS.
- 0HS Bulletin »81-7, January 24, 1951, Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", -equ'red
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,9CQ is being used to fund
;ersonnel compensation and benefits PCSE • deficits. The reduction appliec to this
activity is $S,600.
- 0MB Bulletin *Sl-8, January 24, 1981, "Reauctions in Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting and
Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services; the
reduction applied to this activity is $127,400, which is to be rescinded.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCS8 deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $43,700.
Corp; of Engineers - The net decrease of $1,111,200 results from several actions;
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 ail lion to the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $668,600 was applied to this
acti vity.
- Transfer of $30,000 to State program regulations and guidelines, to support
an interagency agreement.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one perment transfer authority between appropriations. This one
oerraent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from the Research and
Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation in order to fund PC4B deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $412,600.
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance - The net decrease of $200,400 results
from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to E'A's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied
to this activity is $5,400.
WQ-76
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- The Congress reduced agencywioe travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of $6,100
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a decrease
of $30,000 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reducion of $7.5 million to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation; a cecrease of $14,700 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $15,600 results from the cost of the October 19S0 pay raise and is
irciuaec in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogramir.i ngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board neeos resulted
in transfers from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites(525,200); from pesticides enforce-
ment^,600) ; from radiation program implementation($5G0); from noise regional program
implementation^©,300); frorr, NEPA compliance-municipal waste facility construction($4,000);
from public systems supervision program assistance ($3,000); and from manpower planning
and training - water qua!ity($i ,300).
- A transfer of $7,400 was made tc the Office of Inspector General in order to provide
additional resources to that Office.
- CVS 3ul let in #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1931 Travel Reduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; trie tot3l reduction of $1 ,795,900 is being usea to fund
personnel condensation and benefits (PCJE) deficits. The recuction applied tc this
activity i s $2,700.
- 0M3 Bulletin #81-9. January 30, 1931, "Moratorinn on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000
is being used to fund PC£8 deficits. The recuction applied to this activity is $2,100.
- Agencywide increases are required in order tc fund the PC48 deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $55,000.
- Transfer $250,000 to Water Quality manpower planning and training ($100,0001 and
to Water Quality training grants ($150,000) to develop grants aimed at improving management
of rxnicipally owned treatment plants.
1982 Plan
In 1932 the President is proposing reduced appropriations and a more cost-effective
targeting of the municipal waste treatment grant program administered by the Environmental
Protection Agency. Through major reforms to the program, it will also relieve the burden
on the Federal Government for financing projects that improve the environment only mar-
ginally or not at all. The change in the program will be achieved by the following
three actions: (1) rescission of $1 billion in FY 1981 funds, $586 million in FY 1930
funds and approximately $114 million in Talmadge/Nunn funds; (2) legislative amendments
to provide Federal funding for only those projects that are selected and designed to
significantly improve the quality of the receiving waters in the near term; and (3) the
withdrawal of the request to appropriate 1982 funds until the reforms have been enacted.
The legislation will concentrate the program on treatment projects that directly enhance
the Quality of receiving waters. Projects, or features of projects, that oo not result
in direct environmental improvement, or wtiich focus on future community growth will have
to be built, if at all, without Federal assistance. To the extent that needed reforms are
enacted expeditiously, the Administration will be prepared to request $2.4 billion for FY
1982.
-------
With a zero appropriation in FY 1382 EPA will have approximately SI.1 billion in
carryover furies to continue awarding grants during the year. At tms funding level EDA
expects to award approximately 700 grants totalling SI.4 billion. The reason that the
total of grants awarded is greater than the carryover is that we expect approximately
$300 ml lion in deobligatiens. Approximately o,120 projects will be in the reconstruc-
tion or construction stage by year end. The following table sunr.arizes the program
planned 'or 1982 at the zero appropriation level:
Iter.
1981
Obiigatiens - Gross it
Total Outlays
Number
Anount
; dollars in ml: ions)
SI,400
S3,£40
Awards "'recessed:
Steo 1 Awards 120
Stes 2 Awards 250
Step 3 Awards 230
Step 2-3 Awards 100
Step 3 Completions 1,622
(including Step 2 and 3)
Active Projects (all steps) 1,623
New E!S$ ans Related Studies 8,120
I nit itated
a/ This represents gross obligations during the year. Net obligations, reflecting
-»cov?ries from past awards, are projected to total SI,1 billion.
Additionally, in 19S2 E'A *111 be primarily concerned with r.any of the day-to-day
project management related activities to the States and to the Corps of Engineers and the
EPA role away from project management to overall program management. In acditior. to exer-
cising overall program management responsibilities and training the States, E?A will con-
tinue to be responsible for day-to-day project level activities for non-delegatea states.
In 1932, EPA will develop a State delegation quality assurance program, emphasizing
orogram oversight rather than project monitoring. EPA specialists in planning, finance,
engineering, and environmental protection will do on-site financial and program management
evaluations of each delegated program on a routine basis. The objective will be to mini-
mize risk, assure environmental and technical integrity, minimize costs, reduce the
impact of political factors, and provide for uniformity and consistency in the national
program, followup reviews will be conducted as needed to assure that problems identified
in the financial and program management reviews have been resolved. Additional assistance
ano training will be provided when necessary. 3y tne end of 19S2, 46 States will have
signed State delegation agreements.
with significant problems having been identified in the compliance of municipal waste
water treatment facilities with permit or design requirements, EPA will significantly
enhance operations and management functions in several ways. First, the muncipal manage-
ment system, which links grant, permit, and enforcement activities will be fully imple-
mented to assure that non-complying facilities are identified and subjected to enforcement
action, where appropriate. Non-complying facilities with poor operations and management
practices will be encouraged to obtain expert assistance from the private sector to
WQ-78
-------
solve their pros lens. Second, E?A will place increased ewpnasis in oneratiors and man-
izemnt throughout tne entire gran* process, including intensified efcrts at the front
end -"acil'.tv plannn-g and design stages. Third, States will be encouraged to assure
that rip**-comply ing facilities in need of grant assistance are placea on the priority
'•st, finally, no newly constructed treatment facility will be accepted for grant close
out unless compliance with operational requirements is acmeved.
Chance fre* January Secuest
This request represents 3 decrease of $4,898,800 and 124 permanent terkyears from the
January budge:, of wrnch S3 ,955 ,000 is for Salaries and Expenses anc S9CC.C00 is for
Abatement, Control and Comal iance. These decreases include:
- Municipal waste Treatment facility Construction - Net decrease of $2,911,100 and
124 permanent workyears of wr.icn a $4,011,100 decrease in Salaries and Expenses is
offset by a $100,000 increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance.
- Waste Treatment Operations and .Maintenance - An increase of $12,300 in Salaries
anc Expenses.
- Corrs c*" Engineers - A decrease of S1.C00.CC0 in Abatement, Control and
Cc-d,larce.
- N£-'- tempi;an;g - "fiere is no change fre* tne January request.
>.e decreases ir Municipal Waste Treatment facility Construction are made possible
ty tne 'educed appropriation resulting in 'ewer awaras to be processed. Additionally,
staff decreases will reduce the scope of efforts to implement new program thrusts re-
lated to nunicipal self sufficiency, integrated waste management. Federal oversight of
aelegated programs and expanded use of innovative/alternative technology. Within tne
Corps of Engineers activity, there will De a minimal reduction in Step 3 inspection.
»*STE ">*ENT TRAINING I T£CHf,!C^L ASSISTANCE
19S0 Apccncl • stvierts
In 198C, the manpower and training program expended 34 permanent wcrkyears and
$3,823,600 of which SI,411,800 was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,411,800 for ex-
tramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Train-
ing activities continued to encourage and support the development of water pollution
control manpower planning and training capabilities at the State and local levels.
Manpower planning and training activities in 1980 concentrated on:
- Development and delivery of training programs, curricula, and courses
to support construction grants and municipal operations program ob-
jectives (i.e., Section 205(g) State delegation).
- Grant funding to the National joint Training Coordinating Committee
and State Operator Training Coordination Committees for the develop-
ment and coordination of operator training at the State and local
levels.
- Grant funding to the Association of Boards of Certification.
- Development, demonstration, and distribution of course packages and
materials in support of State and local training programs.
- Continued development of the Instructional Resource Center in Cincinnati,
Chio. to provide training course packages, instructional material and
ifcrnaf.cn to the private and public sectors.
WQ-79
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initiation of a pilot area training center {ATC) at tne Jniversity of
*ass3crn;se:ts to develop curricu! im ana determine tne feasibility of
establishing additional ATCs.
19 si -rccrjn
in 1SS1, the Agency has allocated a total of $3,954,900 and 22 permanent workyears
to tris program of which SI,300,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,654,900 is for
e*:ra-ural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
'«'ith the exception cf four permanent wsrkyears in the regional offices to perfom
liaison arc coordination between State and local training programs, the tctal training
program has been consolidated at the National Training and Operational Technology Center
(NT0TC) in Cincinnati, Ohio.
kith these resources the training center will be engaged in:
- Developing, demonstrating and delivering training courses supporting
State agency delegations urcer Section 205(g).
Providing DCTW operator training program support (courses, materials,
and consultation) anc developing operational technology for waste
water treatment facilities.
Conducting a new prog^a^ to provide special iced instructor training
through establ1shment cf National Trainers institutes at selected
sites.
Developing and expanding the operations of the Instructional
Resources Center at KTOfC, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Continuing area training center demonstration project and ex-
panding support to program by placing five additional area
training centers.
- Assisting States in initiating State training facilities and
programs for Operator training uncer Section 109(b).
Providing training assistance to new environmental programs for
hazardous waste site control and ground water protection programs.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budcet Estimate
The net decrease of $31,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly a^ter the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Oocunent 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of S~ million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity is S7.8CC.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abaternent,
Control and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $54,800 was applied to this
activity.
- An increase of $17,700 results fron the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is included in a proposed scpplenental appropriation.
WQ-80
-------
- Reorocramnings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-toard neeas re-
sulted m transfers to municipal waste treatment facility construction (-$80,900);
from hazardous waste management regulatory strategy implementation ',$4,100;, to
amcient water quality monitoring (-$42,000); to water quality £ IS reviews (-$10,500);
to State programs regulations and guidelines (-$2,500); from public systems supervision
program assistance ($4,100); from underground injection control program (SI 3,100); and
to waste treatment operations and maintenance (-$1,300).
- Reprocrammings of $3,300 to State program regulations and guidelines, to
fund the interagency agreement for a soil conservation expert.
- aeerograrr.T.ings of $4,000 tc toxic substances enforcement for PC8 compliance
inspections and °CB and asoestos 1ao analysis.
- Reprogramnings of $2,900 to energy -eview and permitting to support an
interagency agreement for a N0AA meteorologist.
- CM5 Bulletin #31-7, January 24, 1961, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
reauired agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being
used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (?C4E) deficits. The reduction applied
tc this activity is $10,COO.
- 01*6 3uiletin *81-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions in Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting
and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,754,200 to consulting services;
the recuction applied to this activity is S33.100 which is to be rescinded.
- An internal agencywide reauction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
peine rade in crcer to -"und 3CSE ceficits; tne reduction applied to tnis activity :s
$1,9C0.
- The Department of Housing anc Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
percent authority is being implemented Dy transferring funds fror. the Researcn ana Oevel-
ocnent and the Abatement, Control and Co^liance apprcpriations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation m order to fund ?C13 deficits; tne reduction applied to this
activity is 528,900.
Agencywide increases are required in order to fund tne 5C4S deficits, tne 'ncrease
applied to this activity is $72,SCO.
- Transfer SICu.OOO from waste treatment operations and maintenance to develop a
grant aimea at improving management of municipally owned treatment plants.
1982 =lan
There are no Agency plans to continue this program in 1982. EPA will look to tne
States to establish their own training programs. Funding support for training will be
available particularly from Section 205 (g) funds.
Change rron January Request
This request represents a decrease of $4,103,000 ano 26 permanent workyears from
January budget, of which $1,A77,3C0 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,625,200 is for
Abatement, Control and Compliance. With the elimination of this program, the Federal
Government will terminate targeted support for Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
operator training; for specialized training of instructors; for developing, demonstrat-
ing, and delivering training courses; and for the instructional Resources Center in
Cincinnati , Ohio.
WQ-31
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
WATE? C>L!7Y
Permits issuance
Budget Current Increase-
actual Est".~..te Estimate Estiir-jte Decrease-
1980 l?cl 19c> 19?2 1982 vs. 1951
'.del' ars : r. tho u sand s)
•' rrrarr- at ion
la. :nes a-id I1, jnd agr•cuitjral discharges. The Act prohibits the cischarge of pollutants
•ntc all waters of the united States unlets a permit is issued ty E°A or an EPA approved
State rroc-an.
*ne re^'t S o -ecr.arii s.~ for i-posing en point scarce dischargers the uniform
"aticnal ef'lue"t lirvtaticns ar.d national performance standards fcr new source facilities
whi'cr E2A i s recuired to cr omul gate. These effluent 1 ir.it at i ens and standards, set oy
the Office of Water and Waste Management, establish T.axinuri an.ounts of various pollutants
wmch can he legally discharged by a facility. Where effluent limitations or standard
regulations have not been promulgated for a particular industrial discharger, the effluent
limits are set by available and economically feasible abatement technology. Such Best
Brsfessiona! Judgement (6?J> remits are issued on a case-by-case basis. Additionally,
if at c given facility, established national effluent limits will not reduce oollutants
enough *c ~eet the ancient water quality standards set by the State or EPA, the permit
can injrose i«re stringent limitations as necessary in oraer to meet the water duality
standards. Permits also include tir.e schedules which specify deadlines for pollutant
reductions.
Controlling discharges of toxic pollutants is the major e.iphasis of the NP9ES nermit
nrtigran. direct discharges of toxic pollutants into navigaole waters are controlled by
the addition of Sest Available Technology (iiAT) limits into the rerrr.its of industries
wtiich discharge toxics. The pretreatnent program gives nunicipal ities and States the
responsibility of enforcing national pretreatment standards against industries discharging
toxic pollutants into (nunicipal waste treatment facilities.
As part of its effort to inorove the regulatory process, EPA has consolidated proce-
dures for permits issuid under five separate programs, including NPOES. The Consolidated
-errnit Regulations were- promulgated way 19. 1930, and the Agency is currently ref-mng
its permitting nechamsn to complement these regulations. Coordinating and consolidating
permit regulations is of benefit, fcotr. to the public and the Agency, by reducing delay
and simclifvino the :ermit process.
UQ-82
-------
Another important function cf tne NPCES program is the resolution of evidentiary
hea"incs ne'£ on the terns, conditions, an£ effluent 1 imitations in permits onc recuests
*rr vanances *rom perT.it eff'uent 1 limitations. ~hese activities c'ear the way *cr a
finally effective and enforceable permit. E5A also conducts non-adversary oanel hear-
ings for municipalities which have requested marine discharge modificat ions under
Section 3Cl>'h' of the Clean water Act. Non-adversary panel hearings are used to process
anv first issuance of an N&CES cenr.it to a discharger that has not previously neld ar.
NPDES permit, as well as a first decision on any variance requested by a direct dis-
charger.
primary function of ".he permit proqram is tne encouragement of State ass^npticn
of responsibility for tne NPCES program. At present, 22 States have approved NPCES
;rocri~s ar.c several other States are in the process cf program aevelopner.t,.
EPA 'S cor.mitted to involving the cuoiic i r. all cf us cerrvt "ss-ance activities
by oubiishing and disseminating informational materials, ans>«ring questions, anc holding
public hearings and meetings.
!?£" Accomplishments
• n I960, EpA issued a total of 1,022 major and 2,4 75 minor permits, 2, 3SC to indus-
trial dischargers anc 1,122 to municipal sources. Dur-ng the year, SZ.TCl.iCC was
obligated 'or contract support of permit issuance activities, including cretreatment
program assistance, evidentiary hearing support, anc inrormation system Jeveicpnent.
E?a also began collecting toxics data from applications and preparing technical
cccir-.ents in order to issue "second round* permits designed tc ensure control of toxic
pollutants. The Natural Resources Defense Council 'NP.3C) Consent Decree of June 19 75
(modified in *a"-cn 1979, to resolve litigation against the Agency regarding its control
of toxic pollutants under the Clean »ater Act) 'eauires that ir- regulate uo to 125
priority pollutants for 24 industrial categories. The decree requires that permits
'ssued to dischargers in these 34 industries incorporate the Best Available Technology
SAT; guidelines when they are promul cated. Because most BAT toxic effluent limitation
guiaelmes in the 34 -ndustrial categories identified by the NRDC Consent Decree were
not available in 1980, the Issuance of second round permits was difficult.
In June 19*9, the Agency prorosed consolidated permit regu!at,cns and apolication
forms outlining proceoures fcr cocrdinat'nc five permit rrograms, including N'jES.
Final regulations were promulgated in Kay 19£C. The regulations are increasing the
quality of environmental protection while reducing the regulatory burden on industry and
the gcverrment.
The development of the pre treatment program in I960 continued to focus attention on
the indirect discharge cf industrial toxics through Publicly Owned Treatment Works
{s0TWs). Resources were used to assist municipalities and States m ceveloping cre-
treatment programs and to implement recently developed construction grants/permit
guidance on the pretreatment program.
for a variety of technical, financial and admimstrat ive reasons, a large nir.fcer of
PQTWs are not in compliance with the Clean Water Act's treatment requirements. The devel-
opment of the National Municipal Strategy to deal with these cases has paved the way for
effective control of noncomplying PQTWs by coordinating EsA's construction grants, permit
'ssuance, and water enforcement programs.
The permit program continued to strive for the goal of maximum State participation
in the NPDES program by irking with States in their development of S'PDES programs, 'n
1960, EPA also revie»«d anc approved state programs to permit discnarges 'rem Federal
facilities and to implement the pretreatment program.
UQ-83
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¦9S1 Procrjp
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of S1 3,025,30C fcr the permits issuance
program, cf which $7,461,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,564,500
is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contracts provide support
for pretreatnent program assistance, for tecnnical assistance for permit writers, and
for general program operations.
!n 1930, permit program activities focused cn reducing discharges from secondary
industries and cn preparing for second rcunc toxics permitting for the most significant
sources cf collation. In 19SI a detailed strategy for second round permits issuance
"s fce'ng cevelocec wnicn focuses primarily or. EAT permits issuance for tcxic discharges.
Tnis strategy addresses setting priorities for permits issuance, usinc industry teams,
jrc ceveloping trailing programs for EPA regions and States. The issuance of permits to
major municipal facilities will be emphasizec in 19cl wnile SAT guidelines for industrial
discharges are issued by the Office of Water and Waste Management. Permits for major
industrial dischargers for which guidelines are available will be written during the
final Guarter of 1981. It is estimated that EPA will issue approximately seven hundred
major municipal and industrial permits in 1981. The permit program will also resolve
approximately one hundred and twenty-six evidentiary hearings to clear the way for effec-
tive and enforceable permits.
3ermit program resources in 1981 are also being devoted to implementing the general
rretreatment regulations (<0 CFR 402) promulgated in June cf 1978. These regulations
are des;gned tc control toxic pollutants introduced by sources discharging into x.unicipa!
systems. *he number of industrial facilities affected is comparable to that covered by
tne NPCES regulations for direct dischargers. Efforts '.n 1981 are focused on approving
State pret-eatnent programs, establishing compliance scheCules for municipal permittees
which require them to develop pretreatment programs, and reviewing and approving such
programs.
19S1 Explanation of Chance From Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $849,IOC results from several actions, as fellows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitter
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions 'esulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's recuest for Salaries and Expenses, "he reduction
appliea to this activity is S49.60C.
- The Congress recuced agencywide travel costs by $250,000; a decrease of $6,300
was applied to this activity.
- Tre Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.2 million; a decrease
of $91,300 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $164,500 was applied to this
activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $2,200 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 mil lien; a decrease of S4.10C
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $109,700 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriat ion.
WQ-34
-------
Seprocrami ics to realign salary anj relatec costs to meet on-board needs
••esu'tec ir. a net transfer z' -S71 ,500: to drecge an: fill (-S'.cOC); to State
programs regulations and guidelines i-S21,3C0), tc ampient water quality monitor-
tp>g .-Sc7,50c); to ocean c.sposal permits f-$~,4C0), tc swnicisal waste treatment
'aciiity construction ¦-$7,200); to air quality nanacenent implementation
'-S5.3CC); from noise regional program npleientat 1 on {$400); from [IS review-air
•;$3.2CC;; 'rsp N£?A cc-.p' iarce/E!S preparation-new source discharge ($2,500), from
regional management (SI,100); from stationary source enforcement ($2Q,3CG), from
¦jr,cor,tr;lled hazardous waste sites {Si2,•»CG;; to environmental emergency response
anc prevention (-51 1.000); from water quality enforcement ($5,90C); anc from publ i
systems supervision program assistance (S200).
Transfer $20,000 to NE3A ccmpliancs-municipal waste facility construction tc
preside ?or the printing of EIS statements.
"•¦ansfer $26,S00 to toxic suDstances enforcement for PCB compliance inspections
and PCB and asbestos lab analysis.
Transfer $12,200 to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites for an analytical contract
to expand regional capability to analyze high priority, quick turnaround samples.
. r a r. s * e r S t. > , 6 o 0 tc ariient water Quality norrtorirg in order to realign contract
f 1 •
0UE 3-_* let in iSI-r. January ?i, 19?';, 'Fiscal 'tear 19S1 Travel Ses-ction", recuire
acarcvw-.ee ""ed-ct i ens tc travel, tne total reduction of $1 ,795,900 -s be'rg usee
tc fjr.a pe-scnnel compensation anc benefits (?C4E) deficits. The reduction applie
tc tris activity 's S2S.CCC.
CB Bulletin «81-S, January 24,1SB1. "Reductions in F'scal 'ear 1931 Consulting
and delated Servces", rest tree a total reduction of $'.,794,200 to consulting
services, tne reduction appl'ec tc this activity is $1,900 which is being redirect
tc fun- -CA3 def'cits.
0^3 Bui latin *S'-9, January 30, 1981, "Woratoriun on Procurement of Certain
Equi ;r-.ent", recuired agencywide reductions tc ecuifrwit; the total reduction of
S42!,CC0 is beinq used to fund 5C4B deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity is SI,0C0.
"n internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PCiB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $85,700.
An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services
is being maoe in order to fund PCiB deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $19,600.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appro-
priation Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appro-
priations. This one percent authority is being implemented by transferring
funds from the P.esearcn and Developnent and the Abatement, Control and
Conpliance appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order
tc fund ~C.i3 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $129,500.
Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCJB deficits; the
increase appiied to this activity is $31,200.
"eprogrjnmng of $295,400 in order to realign the Office of Enforcement 3CiS
funds, tc Air Mettle Source Enforcement $192,400; to Noise Enforcement $<7,600;
to ^ater Cuili'.y Enforcement $51 ,200; and tc Toxic Suostances Enforcement $4,200.
WQ-35
-------
1922 31an
'he Agency requests a total cf S14.956.2CC for the NPDES permits issuance program
in -9S2, of wmcn ST,971,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and So,984,500
in the Abatement, Control, ana Compliance appropriation. The tvo hundred and four wjrkyears
requested represents a decrease of 9 positions from 1931.
Virtually all of these resources will be used for the control of direct or inairect
toxic discharges. Control of direct toxic discharges will be achieved by imposing new
and more stringent controls on industrial dischargers through the issuance of "second
route" permits using 3AT guidelines or, in the absence of guidelines, using B?J. The
Clean «ater Act mandates that industries meet toxic standards by July 1984. Of the one
thousand nwjor nonmunicipai permits EPA will issue in 1982, about seven hundred will be
to industries covered by the N'RDC consent decree. Emphasis will be given to assisting
State programs in the issuance of NPDES permits. The pretreatment program will provide
confol over indirect discharges of toxic pollutants into municipal treatment systems.
E?A's pretreatmert responsibilities in States without pretreatment program authority
include providing technical assistance directly to municipalities, developing pretreatment
compliance schedules and including them in permits, and approving local pretreatment
programs. Nationally, EPA will be developing legal and technical pretreatment guidance.
Additional resources will also De devoted to approving State pretreatment programs.
As part of its efforts to improve the regulatory process during 1982, EPA will
continue to implement the consolidated permit regulations that were promulgated during
1980. By coordinating permit issuance procedures for five separate permit programs, EPA
expects to reduce delay to permit applicants and simplify permitting procedures.
¦Jsing technical and legal resources, the resolution of evidentiary and panel hearings
ror ^a;or industrial discharge permits will continue to be important activities in 19S2.
^articular attention will focus on resolving evidentiary hearings relating to permits
with toxic concerns.
Resources will also be used in 1982 to issue permits with Section 301(h) modifications
to municipalities discharging into marine waters. This provision is intendec to reduce
the economic impact of complying with Clean Water Act standards when municipalities
discharge into marine waters.
Chance From January Recuest
This request represents a decrease of S2,141,300 and 56 permanent workyears from
the January budget, of which SI,796,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $34S, 100 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The decrease will result in less overview of
approved NPDES state programs and state and local pretreatment programs in non- NPDES
states.
WQ-86
-------
WAT£rv QUALITY ENFORCEMENT
Budget Current Increase*
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease-
1930 1931 1981 1982 1982 vs. 19S1
^dollars in thousands)
Aooroor i ction
Sala-ies ar.a Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Corp!i ance
$15,532
2,467
$16,277
3,909
$16,193
3,716
$17,902
2,514
~SI ,704
-1,202
Total
17,999
20,186
19,914
20,416
-502
Permanent Positions
497
51 1
477
494
~ 17
-uli-tine Equivalency
573
575
W
00
551
~ 13
3-jdcet Reauest
The Agency reauests a total of $20,416,100 for 1982, a increase of S501.400 fron
'931. Incljdec in tne total is $17,90i,9CO for Salaries ano Expenses and $2,514,200 for
Abatement, Control and Conpliance. Tn-. s reoresents an increase of $1,703,600 and a
decrease of $1,202,200 respectively. The 494 pemanent workyears requested for 1982 is
a IT permanent worityear increase fror. the 1981 level. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses will go to implement the continuous conpliance and municipal enforcement programs
and to regional investigations of suspected criminal activities. The decrease in Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance is primarily due to the completion of the Waukegan Harbor
project, as well as the reprogrammings to other high priority Agency activities.
procrarr Description
The highest priority of the water ouality enforcement program is response to emer-
gency situations that threaten puplic health and safety. The second major goal is the
initiation of enforcenent actions against municipal violators who have failed to achieve
secondary treatment by July 1, 1977, as required by the Clean water Act (CWA).
The water quality enforcement program also emphasizes conpliance monitoring and en-
forcenent of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) wastewater
discharge permits. Other activities include enforcement actions necessary to achieve
compliance with regulations on spills and hazardous substances, ocean dumping, dredge
and fill, and other related requirements of the CWA, the Rivers and Harbors Act (Refuse
Act), and the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act. Most water quality
enforcement activities are conducted cooperatively with the States; maximum State assump-
tion of these activities is a primary goal.
EPA's NPDES compliance monitoring program includes conpliance review, compliance
inspections, and enforcement actions initiated because of noncompliance. Conpliance review
is the evaluation of all conpliance schedule reports (on construction) and discharge monitoring
reports (effluent quality) supmltted by permittees to EPA. These reports provide information
on facility planning, construction progress, plant operation, and the characteristics of
the effluent. Compliance Inspections include all field activities conducted to determine
the status of compliance with statutory audit (nonsampl1ng) inspections, sampling inspec-
tions, and surveillance and analysis 1n response to emergencies and toxics enforcement.
WQ-87
-------
The CWA provides for various enforcement mechanises to ensure compliance with the
requirements of the Act. Primarily, these are Issuance of Section 309(a)(1) Notices of
Violations to States with approvea NPDES penrit programs; issuance of Section 309 (a)(3)
Administrative Orders to dischargers with EPA-lssued permits and to dischargers w1tr.
State-issued permits if State responses do not have a positive effect; and referrals to
U.S. Attorneys for civil or criminal relief for violations or NPDES permits and Aminis-
trative Orders. The law provides for $10,000 civil penalties and $35,000 criminal
fines per day of violation.
The non-NP0£S enforcement program is responsible for providing legal support to
achieve compliance with Section 311 ana 404 of the CWA. Section 311 controls oil and
hazardous substance spills or releases to surface water and Section 404 controls the
disposal of drecged ana fill material. The latter is a snared responsibility with the
Corps of Engineers. In addition, the non-NPDES enforcement program is responsible for
enforce.Tent actions initiated unoer the ocean dumping provision of the Marine Protection,
Researcn and Sanctuaries Act.
1930 Accomplishments
With expenditures of $17,998,500 during 1980, the Water Quality Enforcement Program
continued its efforts against major industrial permittees not in compliance with the
July 1 , 1977 deadline for meeting specified, technology-based, effluent criteria, and
against Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) for compliance schedule violations. By
the end of 1 980, 73 percent of cases planned under the Major Source Enforcement Effort
(MSEE) have been concluded.
In States without approved NPOES programs. Regional offices reviewed all industrial
and municipal se1f-nonitoring reports. In addition, 1,027 compliance evaluation inspec-
tions, 560 compliance sampling inspections, 147 performance audit inspections, 227 bio-
monitonng inspections and 82 toxics inspections were completed during FY 198C.
From these reports and inspections, violations were identified and reviewed for pos-
siole enforcement action. Follow-up enforcement activity for 1980 consisted of 569
Administrative Orders, 89 Notices of Violation, 63 civil and criminal cases initiated,
and 50 cases concluded.
The Agency continued to monitor and bring enforcement actions in accordance with
the oil spill requirements of Section 311 of the Clean Water Act and the Ocean Dumping
Provision of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act. Regional offices
referred 935 oil spill civil cases to the Coast Guard, and conducted 490 proceedings
for violations of oil spill prevention and countenmeasure and control plans (SPCC program).
During 1980, five Section <04 cases were referred to D0J.
3y the end of 1980, several new programs were well under way. The Municipal Manage-
ment Systeo was developed and 1s now being tested in the regions. Contract compliance
inspections were completed 1n Regions IV, VI and VII. These are a major test of the
private sector's ability to conduct compliance inspections. Finally, the Discharge
Monitoring Report Quality Assurance Program is operational with performance samples sent
to permittees. These samples will be used as a means of assessing precision and accuracy
of their analytical laboratories.
For 1980, approximately $2,467,000 was obligated for contract support to water en-
forcement activities and was used to meet A0P Information needs, evaluate on-going pro-
grams, conduct feasibility studies, provide technical and legal case support. Implement
pretreatnent program enforcement, and conduct monitoring and inspection training.
'981 Program
The Agency has allocated a total of $19,914,700 and 477 permanent workyears to this
program for 1981, of which $16,193,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and S3,715,400 is for
WQ-88
-------
extramural purposes under the Abaterient, Control and Compliance appropriation. Ouring
19S1, the activities supporting enforcernent actions in emergency situations involving
substantial threats to public health ana safety will continue to receive tne highest
program priority.
Next in priority is enforcement against those municipal facilities which did not
meet the requirement for secondary treatment by the statutory deadline of July 1, 1 977.
Under tne guidance of the municipal management system, permit, enforcement and construc-
tion grant activities will be coordinated so as to expedite municipal construction and
increase municipal conpliance.
A tnirc major priority for the year is the conclusion of major source enforcement
;MSEE) actions against industrial facilities. Any MSEE case not yet completed will be
brought to conclusion.
Enforcement of oretreatnent regulations will be continued along with the implementa-
tion of a compliance monitoring program, the issuance of Administrative Orders (AOs) and
Notices of Violations (NOVs) to major permittees in violation of pretreatment requirements,
and the referral of civil actions to the Department of Justice (DOJ).
In states without approved NPDES programs, EPA will review all major industrial and
POTW discharger self-monitoring reports for compliance with permit conditions. To support
compliance activities, the regional offices will conduct approximately 2,800 compliance
inspections to verify permittee selfmonitorlng information. Where necessary, appropriate
enforcement actions will be initiated, including issuance of NOVs, AOs, and referral of
cases to the DOJ.
An automated system to detect discharge monitoring report violations is being imple-
mented in 1981 to provide for automated processing and initial review of all discnarge
self-monitoring reports.
Non-NPDtS enforcement of Section 311 oil spill requirements and the Ocean Dumping
Act will be held to 1980 levels.
Enforcement of Section 404 provisions will receive higher priority during 1981 than
in previous years. Increased attention will be given to identifying illegal discharging
activities, those incidents performed by individuals not possessing a permit, and appro-
priate legal action will be taken against the violators.
In 1981, contract funds totalling $3,716,400 have been allocated to provide for the
following activities: specific case support, litigation training for Regional personnel,
performance samples (sel f-nonitoring quality assurance) for major NPDES permittees or
labs used by permittees, technical manuals development, b1 omoni tori ng activities, and
NPDES conpliance sampling inspections.
19S1 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $271 ,700 results fron several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of 57 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $94,500.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $17,500 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $26,300
was applied to this activity.
WQ-89
-------
The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a decrease
of Si-15,-00 was applied to this activity.
The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $75,200 was applied to this
activity.
The Congress reduced aoencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of $95,600 was
applied to this activity.
An increase of $236,500 results from the cost o' the October "950 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation ,
Seprograrnmings to realign salary and related costs ta neet on-board needs resulted in
transfers of $506,800; to ocean disposal permits ($117,700}; air quality management
implementation ($12,300); antoient air quality monitoring ($71,100); stationary source
enforcement ($271,800); uncontrolled hazardous waste sites ($18,300); state programs
regulations and guidelines ($17,500); NEPA conpliance/EIS preparation-water quality
($3,200); ocean disposal permits ($1,800); ambient water quality monitoring ($91,100);
and from solid waste enforcement ($3,800); from water quality permits issuance ($45,300);
and from environmental emergency response and prevention ($48,900).
Transfer of $13,900 from NEPA compliance-municipal waste facility construction to
realign contract funds and support interagency agreements.
Transfer of $335,300 to hazardous waste enforcement ($165,800) and hazardous waste
permit enforcement ($169,500) to provide additional support for hazardous waste funding
and, a level of funding consistent with prior year's experience.
Transfer of $35,900 fron underground Injection control program to cover fixed operating
costs of regional lab support.
Transfer of $23,200 to hazardous waste enforcement to cover costs of providing expert
witnesses and case support for hearing and/or trials.
Transfer of $7,800 to toxic substances enforcement for PCS compliance inspections and
PC8 and assestos lab analysis.
Transfer of $12,100 to ambient water quality monitoring ($1,800); state programs
regulations and guidelines ($6,000) and toxic substances enforcement ($4,300) to re-
align contract funds 1n needed areas.
A transfer of $23,500 was made to the Office of Inspector General In order to provide
additional resources to that Office.
A transfer of $500 was made to the Administrative law Judges to provide additional
resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance penalties under
Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
QM3 Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal year 1981 Travel Reduction," required
aoencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to
fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is $100,300.
0MB Bulletin #81-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions In Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting and
Related Service," required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services; the
reduction applied to this activity Is $1,300, which is being redirected to fund PCSS
deficits.
WQ-90
-------
- An internal aaencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made in
order to fond PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $92,400.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is being
made in order to fund PC&B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $9,100,
Trie Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981 permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds fror the Research and
Developnent and the Abatement, Control and Conpliance appropriations to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to
tnis activity is S38.S0C.
- AgencywUe increases are required in order to fund the pCSS deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $1,097,300.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $20,416,100 for this program of which $17,901,900 is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,514,200 for the Abatement, Control
and Conpliance appropriation.
Enforcement action in emergency situations that threaten public health and safety
will continue to r.ave the hignest program priority in 1982. Enforcement will continue
to provide any legal and technical assistance needed in preparation for emergency actions
taker, under tne authority of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and any assistance in preparation
ai>d expeditious conclusion cf major enforcement referrals.
"ne en fore erte.nt program's second major priority will be the initiation of enforcement
actions against those POTWs that have failed to achieve secondary treatment as required
by the CWA. These POTWs now represent the largest categorical source of surface water
pollution. The sccoe of this effort will be similar to the successful enforcement effort
against industrial violators of the July 1, 1977 CWA deadline and it will Include compli-
ance inspection activity and appropriate enforcement actions.
The enforcement program will emphasize toxic pollutant control using toxics compli-
ance/monitoring and enforcement prograns. These programs will use bioassay screening
techniques and conpliance sampling Inspections to determine compliance by the permit-
tee with existing effluent limitations. This will identify those permittees wno have
potential toxicants in their effluent which were not identified 1n the permit. !n addi-
tion, it will provide toxicity data for permit issuance.
In those States without approved permit programs, EPA will review all major indus-
trial and P0TW sel f-mon1toring reports for conpliance with permit conditions. An auto-
mated system to detect discharge monitoring reoort violations will provide automated
processing and initial review of all discharge monitoring reports for major permittees.
Regional offices will conduct approximately 2,417 conpliance Inspections to verify permitee
self-monitoring information. Where necessary, appropriate enforcement action will be
initiated, including issuance of NOVs, AOs, and referral of cases to the D0J.
In 1982, the Regions will Implement a continuous compliance program. This program will
be directed at municipal permittees that have constructed facilities to meet Best °racticable
Treatement or secondary treatments as required by the CWA. The continuous compliance program
will enphasire permittees meeting their effluent limitations as specified in their permit.
«here the permittee fails to meet those limitations, appropriate enforcement actions will be
initiated.
Permit program legal assistance will be provided in 1932 in support of adjudicatory
hearing requests.
WQ-91
-------
Assessment of administrative civil penalties for violations of Spill Prevention Con-
trol and Cojnte'^teasure plans ana referral of ail spills to the Coast Guard will rer.ain
it 193' levels. ;n addition, approximately twenty enforcement actions will oe initiated
for unajtnorizeo operations in violation of Section 404 provisions of the CWA. Erohasis
will De given to identifying illega' dumping activities, i.e., tnose incidents performed
Sy individuals not possessing s Section 404 oernit.
In 1982, contract funds totalling $2,514,200 will be used to support responses to
erergencies, litigation development, compliance nonltoring, state and local pretreate.nent
enforcement activities, quality assurance, and data processing activities.
Chance frgr January Request
~ne recuest represents a decrease of $339,200 and 20 perr-anent wo~
-------
Research and
Development
section tab
-------
Appropriation
iCi ent i r' c -TiT >essnent:
Salaries and Expenses
nesearch and Development...
Technical information:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Developnent...
Monitoring Systems and
Quality Assurance:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Developnent...
^ea". :n Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research an; Deve'opnent...
Enyironnental 3rocesses
and Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Oevelooment...
Chesapeake Bay:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Devel ocnent...
Great Lakes:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Developnent...
Total :
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Developnent...
Grand Total
d'nTER 3'JAi.!; v
Water Ouality-Non-Enercy
B'jdoet Current Increase *
Actual Estitnate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1991* 1991 1982 1932 vs. 1981
(do1lars in thousands)
>1,074 SI.Oil
766 1,147
Si 127
941
$81 5
671
-$312
-270
242 243
221
14
?15
14
-6
2,563
1 ,211
2,779
1.193
2,633
1 ,297
.791
925
~158
-372
543 392 909 1,069 -160
2,347 2,664 2,::? 2,356 -84
8,155
5.753
7,320
3,764
7.677
4,161
7,2?4
2,174
-393
-1,987
798
2,547
410
2,503
420
2,503
-420
-2.503
936
2,596
945
654
844
2,655
-844
•2,655
14,316 14,100 13.815 12,1 74 -1 ,641
15,822 11,944 13.563 5.380 -7,703
30,138 26,044 27,393 18,054 -9,344
WQ-93
-------
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1961 1932 1932 vs 1961
Permanent Positions
Scientific Assess^nt
Technical information and
Liaison
Msnitorlng Systems
and Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environnenta! Processes
ana Effects
Chesapeake Bay
Great lakes
Total
rul 1 -Ttine tauivalency
Scientific Assessnent.
Technical Information
and liaison...,
Monitoring Systems
ana Quality Assurance..,..,...
Healtn Effects
tnvirenmental Processes
and Effects..
Chesapeake Bay
Great lakes
Total
15
19
17
9
-S
4
4
4
j
.!
50
56
56
49
-7
11
14
14
14
...
182
163
158
137
-21
8
6
3
• • «
-3
7
7
4
« . •
.4
2S7
269
256
212
-44
25
33
30
17
-13
5
6
6
5
-1
77
71
1 «/
72
65
-7
15
22
23
21
...
265
269
24?
225
-22
10
n
3
, , ,
-3
14
13
«
, , ,
-4
411
427
335
335
-50
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restruct inq.
Sudoet Bequest
The Agency requests a total of $18,055,900 and 214 permanent work years for 1982,
and 214 a decrease of $9,344,000 from 1981. Included In this total is $12,173,000 for
Salaries and Expenses and $5,882,900 for Research and Development, with an decrease of
$1,642,500 and $7,701,500, respectively.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Water Quality Research
Comittee. The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the program are inte-
grated into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on
Agency needs in this subject area.
MQ-94
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The overall program provides the necessary scientific information, techniques
anc tecnnical assistance to select the most appropriate water Quality goals; assess
cur-e-t and future water quality problers; and identify cost-effective water quality
management strategies. Soecifically, the program:
- Provides reports and information used to establish the relationship between
assume: exposure to pollutants and potential adverse toxicity to human health
an; acuaf.c life;
- Develops monitoring technology capable of quantifying those environmental
measurements of importance to the Agency;
- crovides health effects data for use m developing water auality criteria and
in defining sound watershed management approaches;
- Develops; 1) water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life; 2)
exposure analysis predictive techniques for conducting toxic materials balances
necessary to identify major sources, pathways and fates of toxic pollutants
an; to devise cost-effective nationwide, regional, or local control strategies; 31
watersned analysis techniques for identifying water qua'ity problems and selecting
cost-effective point ano nonpoint source control strategies; 4) techniques for
assessing water quality problems In lakes and selecting cost-effective restoration
-measures; 5) techniaues for assessing the impacts of dredge ana fill operations
or wetlar.as and other aauatic environments; and 5) techniques for assessing the
impacts of ocean discnarge and dumping activities on the marine environment.
- 'rovides, through a field assessment program, the scientific information needed
to effectively manage water Quality 1n the Great Lakes and Chesapeake 3ay.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1 930 Acccnp 1 i shnents
!n 1980, the Agency used 3 total of $1,839,500 for this sub-progran, of wfcich
$1,073,900 was for Salaries and Expenses and $765,600 was for extramural research
acttvi ties.
- A preliminary mutagenicity test battery for non-conventional pollutants was
developed for possible use under Section 301(g) of the Clean Water Act.
- Carcinogenicity sundries and final calculations of water quality criteria for
thirty-three carcinogenic chemicals of the sixty-five chemicals on the water
quality criteria list were completed. Responses were also made to rebuttal
comments on each chemical and on the methodology for calculating the criterion
calculation for carcinogenicity.
- Final criteria documents were completed for the 65 water pollutants which were
in the public comment phase in 1979.
HQ-9 5
-------
- Health sunmaries were concreted for eleven 301(g) water pollutants to address the
igency's enforcement needs in developing scientific criteria for waste water
peroi t we ivers.
- Water quality criteria documents with a total exposure analysis component, were
initiated for 12 new pollutants (Virex/KePone, Malathion, Parathion, Acetone,
cnl oropnenoxy herbicides, ^ethoxyclor, aibemofuran, iron, manganese, araronia,
barium, ana chlorine).
1931 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $2,069,900 and 17 permanent work-
yejrs to this sub-program, of wtiich $1,126,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5542,300 is for extradural purposes under the Research ant! Development
appropri ation.
- C-iteria aocuments for twe've new water pollutants which were begun in 1980 are
being completed and work on two others have been initiated. These documents
will be used by the Office of Water Regulations and Standards as a scientific
basis for proposing water quality criteria under Section 304 of the Clean Water
Act.
- Work has been started on up to ten new criteria documents which are being selected
by the Office of Water Regulations and Standards based on their current prioritises
which will include a section on carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive
risk-, assessment. If needed, because of new data, revisions will be made to the
criteria documents for tne 65 water pollutants which were completed in 1980 to
satisfy the mandates of the Consent Decree.
- Worn will be acconpl: shed on four to eight 301(g) waiver documents for tne Cfice
of Enforcement. These documents will provide a scientific basis for evaluating
the merit of granting a waiver for waste-water discharge permits under Section
301(g) provisions.
- Consultation, on an as-needed basis, is being provided to the Regional Offices ana
Program Offices on the use and adjustment of water criteria to local conditions for
tne revision or establ1shment of local water quality standards.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of 589,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter submitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity 1s 55,300.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of 53,200
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of 53,400 was applied to this activity.
WQ-96
-------
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $12,214,000 to the Research and
Deve! op-^ent appropriation; a decrease of $45,000 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $12,400 results from tne cost of the October 1930 say raise ana
•s included in a proposes supplemental appropriation.
- Repngramnings to realign contract funjs resulted in a transfer of S52.600 to
scientific assessment-air {$17,900); scientific assessment-air {$21,900) and
scientific assessor.t - pesticides {$13,000).
- A transfer of $105,000 to monitoring and quality assurance-uncontrolled sites
to support efforts on Love Canal and Three Miles Island activities.
- A transfer of $5,000 was maae to the radiation neaia In order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
- 0KB Bulletin #81-7, January 2-5, 198*., "Fiscal Year 1931 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900 is
Semg used to fund personnel condensation and benefits (PCS8) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $1,900.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-S, January 24, 1931, "Reductions in rises' Year 1981 Consult-
ing and related Services", required s total reduction of $1 ,79-5,200 to
consulting services; the reduction applied to this activity is 52,000 of wnich
$',500 is to be rescinded and $500 is Being redirected to funs ?CS3 deficits.
- ONB Bulentin 181-9, January 30, 1981, "Voratoriun on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", reguired aoencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of
$421,000 is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity is SI,300.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 te equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$35,500.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services 1s
being made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $21,600.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PC48 deficits; the
increase applied to this activity Is $236,000.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $1 ,489,300 and 9 permanent worn years for this
sut*-pro?-an, of wnich $814,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$674,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
rnis reflects a decrease of $579,600 which will provide a decreased level of
effort for preparation of water quailty criteria documents.
- Drafts and/or final documents for up to 8 water Quality criteria document
beaun in 19S1 will fee completed. These will include a section on carcir,gem-
city, mutagenicity, and reproductive risk assessment.
HQ-97
-------
- Four r.e* criteria documents wi 11 be started using pollutant priorities established
oy the Office of Water Regulations ana Standards.
- four 301fg) waiver documents will be produced for the Office of Enforcement. These
will provide the scientific basis for granting a waiver for wastewater discharge
penults under Section 301(g) provisions.
- Continuina technical assistance will be given to the regional offices and program
of'lces on the interpretation and use of the 65 Water Quality Criteria released oy
Novencer 1980.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $29,800 from the January budget, of which
$14,30C Is for Salaries and Expenses and $14,500 is for Research and Development. This
decrease will have no significant effect on this progran.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
19SC Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $24-,800 for this sub-program, of which $242,SCO
was 'o' Salaries and Expenses and $2,300 was for extramural research activities.
In 19S0, the Technical information Program supported the preparation and publicatior.
of the Research Outlook, the Research Hlcnlights. technical information plans and
guidance, and otner general documents of interest to tne environmental decison mating
cornunlty. It also provided ORD with information systems necessary to effectively plan
and manage its research projects and resources. Specific accanolishments 1n the area
of Water Quality included:
- The preparation, publication and dissemination of a manual on the Clean Lakes
Progran, The Manual was prepared to guide the States in developing their own
lake restoration and protection programs, 1n obtaining Federal Clean Lakes
Program Assistance, and in methods for the assessment and clean-up of polluted
lakes.
- The conduct of seminars on inland waters and lake restoration and on biological
monitoring and Its use in the NPDES Permit Program.
The Regional Services Staff provided effective communications between ORD and the
regions. Specifically, they:
- developed and Implemented the Regional Support Management Information System;
- carried out regional liaison activities to provide technical assistance;
- conducted 0RD/Reg1onal Senior Staff Meetings;
- advised 0R0 on all aspects of regional operations;
WQ-98
-------
Tne Technical Info mat ion and Liaison activities ne!pec enable ORD to communicate
its research information to EaA's regional offices and to the environmental decision
making community. Further, they assisted in enhancing cooraination between ORD ana
the regions allowing eacn to better fulfill 4ts role and meet tne needs of the Agency
and the public more efficiently.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $235,300 and 4 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $221,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
and $U,4CQ is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropria-
tion,
This oart of the program is providing various research program and project summa-
ries, decision series documents, and technology transfer publications to meet Research
Committee requirements. Technical Information Plans, listing the explicit information
oroducts for this research effort have been prepared. Throughout the year, support
will be provided to develop these information products and to distribute them to the
appropriate users. Support 1s also being provided to manage Information systems which
tracK ORD's research project and resources.
Regional liaison activities are continuing as in 1980. To this end, such
activities w111:
- Continue the Regional Support Management Information System.
- Conduct ORO/Regional Staff Meetings and other liaison activities to provide
technical assistance. These will include preparing reports, conducting special
staff and policy studies, developing regional problem statements, and identify-
ing research and technical assistance requirements.
- Develop and implement a process to address the research needs of state and
local government in the 0R0 planning process.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $22,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submlttted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to £PA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity is 51,500.
- An increase of $2,600 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise is
Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PCSS deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$33,000.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCS3 deficits; the
increase applied tc this activity is $9,900.
WQ-99
-------
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $228 , 30 0 and 3 permanent workyears for this
sub-program, of which $214,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$14,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $7,000 which will slightly affect the development and
dissemination of technical information products and will eliminate regional liaison
activities in this sub-program.
In 1932, this sub-program will continue to provide the same types of services as
in 1981. This includes the development and production of technical Information pro-
ducts to ensure that research information 1s properly and adequately communicated to
tne environmental decision making community. Specific products planned by the appro-
priate Research Committee will be developed. Support to managing systems which track
ORO's research projects and resources will be provided.
Change From January Request
This reauest represents a decrease of $32,400 and 1 permanent workyear from the
January budget, of wnich S32.C0C is for Salaries and Exoenses and $40C is for Research
and Development. This decrease will have no significant effect on this prograir..
H3N:TQRISG SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1980 Accomplishments
In 1930, the Agency used a total of $389,500 for this sub-program, of which
$2,568,500 was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,311,100 was for extramural research
activi ties.
- A master analytical scheme was developed for the systematic identification and
quantification of volatile organic pollutants. This scheme significantly
improves analytical productivity by reducing the costly pre-analysis trial-and-
error approach to evaluation.
- Quality control calibration standards were distributed to laboratories measur-
ing pollutants regulated under Section 104,106,208,304(h) and 307(a) of PL
95-217. Standards were also supplied to the Chesapeake Bay Program and other
marine monitoring projects.
- A project was initiated to design a national water quality monitoring program.
The project consists of several components: (1) providing consultation services
to the Office of Water Regulations and Standards in the development of a
national water quality strategy; (2) characterization of present water quality
monitoring networks (NASQAN and AWQSS) in terms of the statistical validity of
their data, and the adequacy of this data to support EPA control policy deci-
sions; (3) design of water quality networks to monitor priority toxic
pollutants; and (4) the development of new statistical techniques specifically
for the analysis of water quality monitoring data.
- A field survey of 25 toxic hot spots was completed. The apparently paradoxical
finding in the Agency's water quality data base, ST0RET, that areas with highly
toxic heavy metal pollution concentrations did not show corresponding loss 1n
biological activity in the water body was confirmed.
wq-ioo
-------
- A guidance docu-T>ent was developed for use in determining the feasibility of
inoienentmg advanced waste treatrient based on the biological effects of the
waste on receiving waters. Tnis document snould prove very useful in the
Advanced Waste Treatment decision-making process.
'981 'rocram
In 1981, the Age-icy has allocated a total of $3,930,400 and 56 pe-manent work-
years to this sub-program, of which $2,633,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1 ,297,3CC is for extramural purposes under the Researcn and Development
aporoon »t i on.
- Reference methods for priority pollutants toxic and hazardous substances and
chlorinated organics are being developed which are applicable to the ambient
water matrix.
- Development of bioassay techniques applicable to monitoring industrial effluent
plumes and marine discharges has been initiated. Deficiencies In currently
existing reference methods are being corrected. A surrogate biological screen-
ing method is to be standardized as a toxic monitoring alternative to chemical
testing.
- wor*. or tne developnent and refinement of sampling, preservation and transport
regi^es wv.ch assure the validity of the envi ronmental water quality sample
prior to analysis is being conducted.
- Distribution of 6-10 thousand quality control samples to assure the accuracy of
water ouality rneasure^ents is continuing.
- Current water quality monitoring networks are being studied statistically to
ascertain their adequacy in trend monitoring as weil as tneir ability to detect
episodic events.
- Specialized support 1s being provided to regional and program offices as well
as to enforcement projects. For exanple. the adequacy of EPA Regional Siologi-
ca1 Quality Assurance Programs is being evaluated and overhead photography
using the Envlro-pod and photo Interpretation Is continuing to be made avail-
able to support specialized monitoring projects.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $46,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity 1s $15,800.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by 5350,000; a decrease of $5,900
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.3 million; a decrease
WQ-101
-------
of $16,600 was applied to this activity.
"he Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $6,300 was applied to this activity.
An increase of $35,200 results from the cost of the October '98C pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
Transfer of $200 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide addi-
tional resources to suooort a new program for instituting civil noncompliance
penalties under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
A transfer of $3,800 was nade to the radiation media 1n order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
A transfer pf $400 fror, Hater Quality-Monitoring systems and Quality assurance
to realign contract funds.
A transfer of $100,000 from Water Qua 11ty-mon1toring systems and quality assur-
ance to support efforts on Love Canal and Three Mile Island Activities.
a transfer of $160,000 fror. Water Oual i ty-mon-to-mq systens and quality assur-
ance to prcvice support for the development of monitoring of ambient water
quali ty.
A transfer of $196,200 to Water Qual 1 ty-mon4. tori ng systems and quality assur-
ance to ¦namtain ana prepare one standardized quality control sanple for
distribution to analytical laos to check tne ability of analysts to perform
analytical measurements.
0MB Bul'etin *81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 19S1 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
bemc jsed to fund personrel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The
reduction applied
to this activity is $3,600.
X3 Bulletin *81-9, Janua-y 30, 19S1, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide -eductions to equipment; the total reduction of
$421,000 1s being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity Is $2,400.
An Internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equlpnent costs is being nade
in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$70,000.
An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being nade in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $20,000.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropria-
tion Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations
This one percent authority Is being implemented by transferring funds from the
Research and Development and the Asatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tions to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation 1n order to fund PCSB deficits
the reduction applied to this activity is $131,000.
Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is $135,700.
WQ-1 02
-------
19S2 Plan
The Agency requests a toal of $3,71 S,900 and 49 penmanent wnrlcyears for this sub-procrax,,
of wrich $2,791,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $924,300 is for
ext rar\jral purposes unaer the Research and Developnent appropriation.
The reflects a decrease of S21~ ,600. A reduced level of effort in the aevelopnent,
standardization and validation of measurenent methods for priority pollutants and overneao
imissry for special stjdies will be provided, and the number of sa-ipling sites will be
reduced for the tonics not spot field studies.
- Methodologies will be developed to monitor the quality of ambient fresh and marine
waters. Tne methodologies will include:
o Standardized biological screening tests that will promote rapid. Inexpensive
demonstration of toxicity to aquatic llfeforms.
o Chemical nethods for newly Identified toxic pollutants.
o Improved measurement techniaues for monitoring levels of trace organic chemicals
which cannot be positively identified by conventional Gas Chromatoaraphic/Mass
Spectrometry techniques but which are known to exhibit toxic properties.
o Expansion of the Master Analytical Scheme to inorganic chemicals.
o Techniques for extraction, concentration, separation, identification and
measurement of organic and inorganic rrvater 1 a 1 s bound to sediment or particulates.
- Water quality network design studies will continue to evaluate nonitoring networks
and develop statistical data reduction and analysis techniques.
- Quality Assurance support will continue to assure the development of a sound data
base through mterlaboratory validation testing of proposed priority pollutant
nethods, protocol development to assure the validity of virus enumeration, and
provision of calibration samples for toxic'substances monitoring 1n drilling fluids.
- Analytical studies will be performed to supply needed data to evaluate instrument
systems, to test analytical techniques for toxic hot spot analysis studies which
will ascertain the recovery zone definition, to evaluate blomonitoring techniaues,
ana to process overhead imagery.
Chance Fron January Request
This request represents a decrease of $45,200 fron the January budget, of which
$25,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $18,700 Is for Research and Development. This
decrease will have no significant effect on this program.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
!n 1980, the Agency used a total of $3,399,800 for this sub-prooran, of which
$543,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,846,800 was for extramural research
act1v1t1es.
- Marine recreational water quality criteria were completed and published.
They were reviewed by peers and have been well received by experts in the field.
- Toxi cological studies were begun on ten of the sixty-five priority pollutants in
order to resolve deficiencies in the health data bases wnich were identified
WQ-103
-------
when the water quality criteria for these pollutants were initially produced.
The results will be available late 1981.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $2,921 ,400 and 13 permanent work-years
to this sub-progran, o' which S909.400 is for the Salaries and Incenses appropriation
ana S2,012,000 is for extradural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- freshwater recreational water quality criteria are being completed. The data
base for these criteria Include data from epidemiological studies which link
infectious disease In swimmers to water quality character!st1cs.
- Efforts to fill deficiencies 1n the health data base for the consent decree
pollutants are continuing. Research on the first set of pollutants which began
m 1930 1s being ccnpleted. Several more will be selected and studied each
year until the total number of 65 1s complete.
'931 Explanation of Chang" from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $634,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document (96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is SI,700.
- The Congress reduces agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $1,300
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $14,100 was applied to this activity.
- "he Congress reduced agencywide AOP services by $2 million; a decrease of $22,900
was applied to this activity.
- An Increase of $7,500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and 1s
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- A transfer of $300 from radiation-health effects to realign contract funds.
- A transfer of $203,200 to water quality-health effects ($306,400); and from health
effects ($103,200) to realign funds between the Water Quality Research Committee;
the Municipal Wastewater Research Committee, and the Industrial Research Committee.
- 0MB Bulletin #31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $2,200.
- 0MB Bulletin i81-8, January 24, 1981 , "Reductions In Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting
and Related services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting
services; the reduction applied to this activity 1s $25,700, which 1s to be rescinded.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
Is $50,000.
WQ-1C4
-------
*
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, '931, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This
ore nercent authority is being inp!erented by transferring 'unds fron the Research
and Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance aoproprlations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund PCSB deficits: the reduction
applied to this activity is $320,000,
'?*2 g'an
The Agency request a total 53,164,600 and 12 Remanent wo-tyears for this sub-cogra.-,
of which $1,063,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and S2.09:,930 is for
extramural purposes under the Research and Developnent Appropriation.
This ref'ects an increase of $243,200. This will affect the development of short-tern
test tor identifying health-effects other than cancer.
- "oncological studies for the consent decree pollutants started in 1981 will be
conpletec and the next phase of studies begun, *jch of this research emphasizes
fetotoxic effects, although some address carcinogenicity.
- A technology transfer pusl'cation will be prepared to ass-,st local officials in
applying the dose response curves generated in 1980 and 1981 during the development
of i-anne and ?*esh*ater recreational water quality criteria. The publication will
nake it possible for local officials to determine the most reasonable action
necessary to protect the public health.
- Research !1 be initiated to develop curves which relate water quality to illness in
swinners for swimming areas receiving almost solely AST/AWT effluent and for those
impacted primarily by pollutants from non-point sources.
- Research will continue to seek improved toxlcological methods 'or predicting the
irpact of water contaminants on hunan health.
Chanoe Fros Janyarv Deadest
This request represents a decrease of $75,800 permanent wo r* years from the January
budget, of which $15,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $60,000 is for Re>earcn arc
Development. This decrease will have no significant effect on this program.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1980 Accowpl Ishiients
in 1S80, the Agency used a total of $13,907,700 for this sub-program, of which
$8,154,500 was for Salaries ana Expenses and $5,753,100 was for extramural research
activities.
- Procedures for generation and Interpretation of aauatlc life effects data were
completed 'or use 1n preparation of water quality criteria for the sixty-five
Consent Decree pollutants. The procedures were applied 1n the preparation of
proposed freshwater criteria for twenty-two and marine criteria for thirty-one
of the sixty-five pollutants. Results will be used by the Office of Hater
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Regulations and Standards in the publication of water quality criteria for these
pollutants, consistent with the Consent Decree requirements.
- A first-generation multi-species test for determining ecological Impacts of
contaminated sediment was developed. This Imoroved solid phase testing methodology
will be used by the Agency to regulate disposal of dredged material under the
Feceral Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 {P-L. 92-500) and the Marine Protection,
Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (P.L. 92-532).
- Hetncds for predicting impacts of reduced nutrient loadings into lakes were completed
for use in screening the effectiveness of proposed lane restoration measures. The
Clear La^es Program of the Office of Water Regulations ana Standards will incorporate
tnese metnods into guidelines for use by local and state agencies In deciding which
restoration technique to use when they apply for clean lakes grants, and to determine
whicn restoration techniques are most cost effective in achieving in-lake nutrient
control over extended periods of time.
- Guidelines for defining wetland boundaries and characterizing their structure and
function were completed. This information will be used by the Office of Environ-
mental Review to assist state agencies in reviewing and processing wetland dredge
and fill permit applications.
- The first generation Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS), designated for use
Agency-wide in calculating expected envTronmentaT concentrations of toxic organic
chemicals, was completed. It will be used in assessing envi ronrnental risks associated
with alternative pollution control strategies. (This work was funded jointly with
the Toxic Substances and Energy Research activities.)
- The Center for Water Quality Modeling was established, providing a central file and
distribution point for four carefully selected water quality models, and offering
workshops and seminars on their use and specific instruction 1n the application of
individual simulation techniques. The primary use of the models 1s to translate
water quality goals into point and nonpolnt source control requirements.
- Two mathematical models, describing loading and transport and transformation processes
to toxic organic chemicals were completed. They are designed for developing slte-
SPeclfic est urates of contaminant concentrations in runoff and stream channels in
both coastal rivers and estuaries and In upland watersheds and river systems.
- National estimates of pollutants discharges from agricultural nonpoint sources were
revised. They permit comparisons to be made of water quality Impacts from point
versus rural nonpolnt sources and Identification of those areas where Implementation
of rural nonpoint source controls will and will not produce significant water quality
benef1ts.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $11,837,800 and 158 permanent work-years
to this sub-program, of which $7,677,200 Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,160,600 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- The preparation of proposed water quality effects criteria for the Consent Decree
and other priority toxic pollutants is continuing at the rate of approximately
of five pollutants per year.
- Improved ecological effects assay procedures are being developed for use 1n
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generating more reliable chronic and acute toxicity data sets used in developing
water quality criteria for priority pollutants.
- ;nterirr. procedures are being developed and tested for adapting current water
quality criteria to site specific field situations.
- worn has been undertaken on trie development ot' f'eld techniques for docuinentinc
source (NPS) pollution ecological effects in surface waters.
- War* •, s conti"j-ng on procedu'es for iefining wetland boundaries.
- Work is continuing on the development and testing cf watershed management mooels
for assessing impacts and benefits of alternative 'PS and point sources control
of conventional and selected toxic pollutants.
- Operation of the Water Quality Modeling Center is continuing at a minima! level.
- Characterization of the effectiveness of selection,'evaluation of proposed/completed
clean lakes projects is being undertaken.
- Improvement of a marine benthic bioassay method to assess acute and chronic effects
and Sioaccumulation cotential of contaminants in settleable components of dredged
material contortions.
- Development and validation of bioassay procedures (acute, chronic, bioaccumulation!
for assessing the impacts of waste discharge to narir.e waters is continuing.
- Wore is continuing on a r.ethods manual for evaluating sediment toxicity in marine
waters.
- Technical assistance is being provided m the preparation and revision of regulations
and associated guidance materials concerning the discharge and supping of wastes in
marine waters.
- A research program 1s being planned and will De implemented in early 1931 to fulfill
the highest priority needs associated with cold cl imate-related envi ror,mental problems.
^981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $254,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted 1n a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity 1s $47,700.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $14,200 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $26,100
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $43,300 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress directed that j reduction of $545,300 be transferred to Pesticides-
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envi-onner.tal processes and effects for aquatic weeds.
- The Congress applied an increase of $950,000 for Cold Climate "esearch.
. The Congress rediced agencywide AOP services oy S2 "ill ion; a decrease of $13,IOC
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $111,300 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise and is
included in a proposed suopl er.ental appropriation.
- Seproqra.Tim rigs to realign salary and related costs to neet on-Doard needs resulted
in a transfer of $47,600 from within Office of Research and Development.
- W3 Bulletin J SI - 7, January 2A, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to
fund oersonnel compensation and benefits (PCS8) deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is $23,200.
- 0*3 Bulletin *81-9, January 30, ',981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain Equip-
ment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $121,000
is being used to fund PC&3 deficits. The reduction applied to this activity is
$5,300.
- An interna! agencywiae reduction of $6,550,0-0 to equipment costs 1s being made in
order to fund BCS8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $'35,000.
- The Departnent of Housing and 'Jrban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 19?1, pemits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This
one percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from the Research
and Development and the Abatement, Control and Conpliance appropriations to the
Abatement, Control and funds from tne Research and Salaries and Expenses appropria-
t'on in order tc fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$2,000.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCAB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity 1s $6,700.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $9,457,400 and 137 permanent workyears for this sub-
program of whicn $7,283,900 1s for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $2,173,500
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This decrease of $2,380,400 reflects a transfer of resources to the higher priority
area of hazardous waste. This reduction will affect the development of water quality
criteria for priority pollutants, watershed analysis techniques (modeling), and wetlands
Impact and value assessments. This decrease also reflects the termination of the Clean
taices program.
In 1982, the environnental processes and effects program will pursue the following
activities.
- WorV will continue on the generation of minimum data sets needed for preparation
of water quality (ecological) criteria for the priority toxic pollutants.
- Guidelines will be developed for translating laboratory-derived water quality
criteria (derived under one set of conditions) to the range of conditions
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encountered in the field, as necessary to ensure the promulgation of reasonable
tr.c valla State Federal water quality standards.
- Operation of the Center for Water Quality Modeling will be continued at a
nintnal level, provldino technical assistance to SPA operating programs In
the conduct of wasteload allocations and assessment of nonpoint source
problems and alternative solutions.
- Test -iefiods will be developed for determiniog the overall "state of nea'tn" of
b'on-.eerity of rivers anc streams that will alio- an assessnwnt of low effective
e*' sfng controls are and wnich new controls, if any, are needed.
- Work will be undertaken to characterize the extent and seriousness of the problem
of toxicants in lake sediments deposits and potential adverse environmental impacts
of their attempted removal.
- Worn will be continued on the development and validation of testing inethods for
estimating the ecological impacts of dredged material disposal in marine waters,
- Work will be continued on the development of technioues for use in assessing the
impacts of reduced treatnent levels {as permitted under Sec. 301(h) of the Clean
water Act) and of other discharge and dumping activities on the <*a-in» environment.
- Technical assistance will be provided in the preparation and revision of marine
discharge ano dumping related regulations and associated guidance materials.
Chance "rom January Request
This request represents a decrease of SI,387,500 and 5 permanent workyears from the
January budget, of whicn $222,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,165,600 is for
Research and Development, This decrease will result in the termination of the Clean lakes
research efforts and the renewable resources program.
CHESAPEAKE BAY
1 ?SC Ac:o-31' shnents
in 1580, the Agency used a total of $3,345,000 for this sub-progran, of which
$797,700 was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,547,300 was for extramural research
activities.
- The toxics program developed Chesapeake Bay sed'nent characterization (physical
ar,d chenical parameters) naps. These were of value 1n assessing dredging projects,
and critical in defining the state of the Bay.
- The eutrophication program conducted a Bay wide survey providing a synoptic set
of data for cheoleal and physical parameters essential to water quality model
verification and establishing 3 baseline against which future water quality can
be neasu<-ed.
- The Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) program assessed ambient herbicide concentra-
tions in the shallow water portions of the Bay to aid in determining the role of
herbicides In the decline of bay grasses.
- A data (management system composed of both hardware and software was established
and is storing, analyzing and displaying Chesapeake Bay research data.
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- Coordination continued with state agencies 1n Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania
responsible for water quality, development of Chesapeake Bay Program plans and
management.
1931 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of S2,907,000 and 3 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $403,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
and S2,503,300 is for extramural purposes under the Researcn and Development Appropriation.
- !ntergrated studies, Initiated 1n 1978, are continuing so that management
decisions at all the government levels can De based on a predictive capability
to assess the consequencles of pollutant loadings on the Chesapeake Say. This
will be done in terms of effects on the ecosystem, on organisms, and on the
economic impact of the uses made of the systems. The three highest priority
problem area studies are being continued through ecosystem simulation, data
acquisition and synthesis, and through identification and evaluation of control
alternatives 1n conjunction with the abatement and control decision units of
this program.
- The toxics substance study effort is developing a baseline inventory of the
abundance and distribution of toxics 1n the Chesapeake Bay sediments, pore
water, water colurr, and biota. Comprehensive research tasks are assessing
both natural and anthropogenic sources of toxic chemicals 1n sediments, water,
and biota and determining their rates of transport and transformation within
the Chesapeaxe Bay system. Study results will serve to delineate options to
reduce environmental hazard.
- The Bay grasses study effort is addressing the Impact of water quality factors
upon SAV and living resources known or suspected to be dependent upon SAV.
Results will provide a knowledge base from which water quality control alterna-
tives can be developed for the enhancement of SAV and associated living resources.
- Eutrophication (nutrient enrichment) studies are assessing the nutrient loadings
to the Say system and the impact of these loadings on the ecosystem. Current
research is directed towards:
o assessing point source information on municipal and industrial sources;
o compiling statistics on land use and population trends in the Bay basin;
o measuring nutrient loadings from the major tributaries to the Bay;
o estimating nutrient fallout from the atmosphere;
o calculating nutrient fluxes from the sediments;
o verifying nonpolnt source runoff from data collected on five test drainage
basins;
o calibrating and verifying mathematical rodels, Including nonpolnt source
loading models and stream transport models.
- Development of a data management system 1s continuing. This system will handle
the data produced by the Chesapeake Bay program and provide the basis for a
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central ized data bank for use by all local, state and Federal groups on the Bay.
State participation programs, with the states of Maryland and Virginia, and
citizen participation programs are also continuing to provide key coordination
links between the states, the public and the Chesapeake Bay °rogram.
- This program will terminate at the end of fiscal year 1981.
1981 Explanation of Change fron Budcet Estimate
The net decrease of $5,000 results fron: several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimated was submitted, Resident Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Docunsnt 96-294); these revision resulted 1n a
decrease of S? million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $1,400.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $1,500
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of $7,400
was aoplied to tnis activity.
- An increase of $4,900 results frorc the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and 1s
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogra^imngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer $1,400 fron within the Office of Research and 2evelopment.
- CWB Bulletin #31-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,000 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&8) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity Is $2,000.
1982 Plan
Since all fundamental research has been completed for the Cheaspeake Say, the Agency
is requesting no resources for this program in 1982. However, five permanent workyears
and $1,005,600 of Apatenent and Control resources will be necessary to disslminate the
research results of this program. Additionally this program Is geographically specific
and does not have nationwide applicability.
Change rrcxn January Request
This request represents a decrease of $1,983,100 and 6 permanent wortyears from the
January budget, of wtilch $1 ,114,700 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $868,400 Is for
Research and Development. This decrease will result in the termination of the Chesapeake
Bay research program.
GREAT LAKES
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $3,532,000 for this sub-program, of wnich $936,300
was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,595,700 was for extramural research activities.
- A study was completed of the sources and losses fo PCB 1n Lake Superior; this study
provides a basis for separating local and long-range atmospheric Inputs of PCB to
Lake Superior.
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- Various mathematical rocels describing the fate of Hazardous iraterials in Saginaw
Bay were evaluated.
1931 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $3,498,600 and 4 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $344,100 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and S2,654,500 is for extramural ourposes under the Research and Development approp-
riation.
- "he Quantity of ?C3s entering Lake Huron from at.*iosoher1c deposition
-------
reduction applies to this activity is $11,000.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", reqjired agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of
$421,000 is being used to fund PC45 deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity is $4,200.
- An mterial agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equiprwt costs is Seing rade
in orcer to fund "CSS deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $40,000.
'982 Plan
Since all ejtropMcation research, the primary mission of this program, has
seen completed, the Agency is requesting no resources for this program in 1932.
Since the program is a joint effort with the Canadian government, the Agency is
requesting fifteen permanent workyears and $3,993,200 under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation to implement the research findings in abating pollution
of tne Great Lakes.
Chance :|,o« January P.eauest
This recuest -epresents a decrease of $1 ,605,600 and 7 permanent worfcvears xrorr.
tne January Sudget, of which $993,700 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $511,900 is for
Research and Oevel oo'yjnt. This decrease will result in the termination of the Great
Lanes research program.
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WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater - Non-Energy
Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1931 1982 1982 vs. 1981
[doTTars in thousand?!
Appropriation
Technical TnTonnatlon and Liaison: $195 $193 $183 $196 *$13
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development 2 11 12 10 -2
Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance:
Salaries and Expenses 2,231 2,339 2,420 2,576 *156
Research and Development 4,100 4,302 3,713 2,178 -1 ,535
Health Effects:
Salaries and Expenses <0 67 ... 42 »42
Research and Development 200 186 251 153 -98
Envi ronr
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Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,597,900 for 1982, a decrease of $4,707,600 from 1981.
Included in this total 1s $4,039,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $6,558,600 for Research
and Development, with a decrease of $133,000 and $4,574,600, respectively.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Industrial Wastewater Research
Committee. The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the program are Integrated into
an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on Agency research
needs in this subject area.
"he overall program provides the necessary technical information and tools to support
the Agency's regulatory, permitting and enforcement programs relating to the control of
industrial wastewater effluents.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1980 Accomplishments
In 1930, the Agency used a total of $196,700 for this sub-program, of which
$194,800 was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,900 was for extramural research
activ1ties.
In 1980, the Technical Information Program supported the preparation and publica-
tion of the Research Outlook, Research Highlights, technical information plans and
guidance, ana otner general documents of interest to the environmental decision
matting community. It also provided OP.D with information systems necessary to
effectively plan and manage its research projects and resources. Specific accomp-
lishments in the area of Industrial Wastewater included the preparation, publication
and dissemination of a five volume manual on wastewater treatment performance data.
The Regional Services Staff provided effective communication between ORD and the
regions. Specifically, they:
- developed and implemented the Regional Support Management Information system
- carried out regional liaison activities to provide technical assistance
- conducted 0RD/Reg1onal Senior Staff Meetings
- advised ORD on all aspects of regional operations
The Technical Information and Liaison activities helped enable CRD to communi-
cate Its research Information to EPA's regional offices and to the environmental
decision making community. Further, they assisted 1n enhancing coordination between
ORD and the regions, allowing each to meet the needs of the Agency and the public
more efficiently.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $194,900 and 3 permanent work-
years to this sub-program, of which $183,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,500 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
This part of the program is providing various research program and project
summaries, decision series documents, and technology transfer publications to meet
Research Committee requirements. Technical Information Plans, listing the explicit
Information products for this research effort have been prepared. Throughout the
year, support will be provided to develop these information products and to distri-
bute them to the appropriate users. Support 1s also being provided to manage
Information systems which track ORD's research projects and resources.
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Regional liaison activities are continuing as in 1930. To this end, such
activities will:
- continue the Regional Support Management Information System; and
- conduct ORD/Regional Senior Staff meetings and other liaison activities to
provide technical essistance. Tnese will include preparing reports, con-
ducting special staff and policy studies, developing regional problem
statements, and identifying research and technical requirements.
- develop and implement a process to address the research needs of state and
local government in the ORD planning process.
198! Explanation of Chanae fror, Budget Estimate
The net decrease of 510,100 results from several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of S7 ml'Hon to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this actlvitiy 1s $400.
- An increase of $2,300 results from the cost of the October 198C pay raise and
Is induced 1n a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- An internal agencywlde reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is oeing
made 1n oroer to fund PC&S deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $21,000.
- Agencywlde increases are reolred in order to fund the PC&3 deficits; the
increase applied to this activity 1s $2,000.
- Transfer of $7,000 from program management 1n order to realign PCiB costs.
1962 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $206,400 and 3 permanent workyears for this sub-
program of which $196,100 Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $10,300
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Th's reflects an Increase of $11,500 in the dissemination of technical
information products.
This sub-program will continue, 1n 1982, to provide the same types of services
as In 1981. This Includes the development and production of technical Information
products to ensure that research Information Is properly and adequately communicated
to the environmental dectson making community. Specific products planned by the
approoriate Research Committee will be developed. Support to managing systems which
track. ORD's research projects and resources will be provided as will strong liaison
with Regional offices, of a similar nature to that conducted in 1981.
Change frgn January Request
There is no change from the January request.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $6,331,900 for this sub-program, of which
$2,231,600 was for Salaries and Expenses and $4,100,300 was for extramural research
actlvlties.
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Major accomplishments of the program:
- Methodology for analysis of toxic pollutants In the National Pollutant Dis-
charge Eliminaton System (NPDES) were validated, and standarized for seven
categories for pollutants, and additional reference methods were developed,
prooosed, or corrected for toxic and hazardous substance and Consent Decree
pollutants 1n wastewater and sludges.
- Computer software was developed as required for computerized spectral matching
of organic compounds recorded on Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectral tapes for
the Effluents Guidelines Division, Office of Hater and Waste Management, anc
9,781 of 20,000, GC/HS data runs frotn analysis of Industrial effluents were
processed and 950 different organic compounds, other than consent decree
chemicals, were detected.
- The initial protocol was developed for the Master Analytical Scheme to detect,
identify and quantitate unsuspected volatile organic pollutants in tnoustrial
wastewaters.
- Five equivalent methods for nationwide use and 30 evaluation for case-by-case
were evaluated and approved for use 1n NPDES.
- EPA-aporovea automatic sampling and monitoring instrumentation specifications
were oeveloped for enforcement of existing and planned standards and
regul ations.
Sancl e preservation and transportation techniques were developed for con-
ventional and toxic pollutants to comply with Department of Transportation
regulations and to assure integrity of sample.
The quality control reference materials were developed for seven categories of
pollutants.
- National guidelines were developed to assure uniformity 1n laboratory
evaluation of the NPDES compliance monitoring laboratories.
- The mandatory quality assurance program was established to provide technical
guidance, support, and overview to assure that the Agency will have environ-
mental data of itnown quality that is appropriate for the EPA needs.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $6,132,800 and 44 permanent work-
years to this sub-program, of which $2,419,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and S3.713,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
- Reference method validation studies for the priority toxic pollutants are
being completed and deficiencies 1n currently approved methods identified and
corrected.
- An approved bloassay technique for monitoring the toxicity of Industrial
waste water 1s being developed.
- Continuous monitoring systems for measuring toxic substances are being
developed for more cost-effective compliance monitoring.
- Alternate test procedures are being approved for the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).
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- More cost-effective ab-initio techniques are being developed for Identifica-
tion of previously undetected organic chemicals in Industrial wastewaters,
suspended solids and sediments, and a method Is being oeveloped to identify
toxic metals by chenical species. These techniques are critical in developing
correlations between toxicity-oased pollution control and technology-based
effluent limitations.
- Vertificatlon and identification of all the Important compounds on the
compounds on the Effluent Guidelines Divison gas chromatographic/mass
spectrometry survey tapes is being completed.
- The quality assurance reference material repository is being expanded to
include materials which are critical to the agency enforcement programs.
- Assistance is being provided to the Office of Water Enforcement in the evalua-
tion of analytical performance of discharger laboratories.
- Tne mandatory quality assurance program continues to provide technical
quidance, support ana overview to assure that the Agency will have environ-
mental data of known quality that are appropriate for EPA needs. Empnasis is
being place on the application of the Agency wide program to contract and
grant activities.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budoet Estimate
The net decrease of $508,000 results fror; several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted 1n a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity is SI 1 ,700.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of
$2,200 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 millions; a decrease of
$35,700 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $28,400 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- A transfer of $200 was made to the Administrative Law Judges is to provide
additional resources to support a new program for instituting civil non-
canpliance penalties under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
- A transfer of $190,000 from monitoring systems and quality assurance water
quality non-energy to maintain and prepare one standardized quality control
sample for distribution to analytical laboratories to check the ability of
analysts to perform analytical measurements.
- A transfer of $148,500 to monitoring system and quality assurance water
quality non-energy to provide support for the development of monitoring
methods for ambient monitoring of water quality.
- A transfer of $440,000 to solid waste monitoring systems and quality assurance
water quality non-energy ($100,000) and monitoring and quality assurance/un-
controlled sites, solid waste ($340,000) to support efforts on Love Canal
and Three Mile Island.
- 0M8 Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900
1s being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activity Is $8,600.
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- ONE Bulletin i81-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions In Fiscal Year 1981
Consulting and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200
to consulting services; the reduction applied to this activity Is $15,400
whicn is being redirected to fund PC48 deficits.
- 0KB Bulletin #81-9 January 30, 1931, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction
of $421,000 is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is $9,300.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $5,550,000 to equipment cost is being
^iade in order to fund P2&2 deficits; the reduction applied to this activ.tv
is $208.OOG.
- Agencywide increases are requires in order to 'jnd the PC4B ae'lcits; the
increase applied to this activity is $153,200.
1932 Plan
The Agency request a total of $4,754,000 and 37 permanent workyears for this
sub-progran, of which $2,576,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,173,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropria-
tion.
This signifies a decrease of $1,378,800 reflecting the reduced need for industrial
wastewater researcn in support of the Agency's reaulatary program.
Major activities planned for 1982 to support the Agency's regulatory, permitting
and enforcement programs to control industrial wastewater effluents are:
- New and improved sampling and analytical procedures for pollutants in
Industrial wastewater will be developed Including: Improved Gas
Chramatography/Mass Spectroscopy techniques; Gas Chromatograohy/Fourier
transform infrared Spectroscopy applications; and correcting deficiencies in
newly develooed analytical reference methods.
- Methods validation studies for high priority wastewater analytical pro-
cedures, will be conducted and alternate test procedures for National
Pollution Discharge Elimination System support evaluated.
- Analytical surrogate/Indicator test procedures for selected classes of
organics will be oeveloped.
- One biological para.neter testing procedure for quantitative expression of an
effluent limitation for one industrial class will be adapted and standardized.
- Quality assurance support will be provided. Including: Preparing and
maintaining repository of performance evaluation samples and conducting
performance evaluation as part of the Mandatory Quality Assurance program;
maintaining quality control sample repository and distributing quality
control samples; developing new performance evaluation/quality control
samples and developing new protocols and key performance evaluation samples.
Support to the Mandatory Quality Assurance Program will provide technical
guidance, support and overview to assure that the Agency will have environ-
mental data that are appropriate for the EPA needs.
WQ-119
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Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $1,134,500 and 6 permanent workyears
from the January budget, of which 5197,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $937,100
is for Research and Development. This decrease will result in the elimination of gas
chomatography/mass spectroscopy methods validation for compounds on the Section 311
list, and of support for evaluation of National Pollution Discharge Elimination
System dischargers' laboratory analytical performance.
HEALTH EFFECTS
19SS Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $239,500 for this sub-program, of which
$40,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $199,500 was for extramural research
activities.
Investigation of the potential health problems resulting from organic
chemicals and pesticides in two food processing industries was initiated.
The data from these two studies will be used to write interim criteria for
reuse of wastewater 1n the food Industry.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $250,600 to this sub-program, all
of which is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
- Research to support development of Interim criteria for the safe reuse of
Industrial wastewater in specific food processing industries Is being
completed.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $1,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted 1n a decrease of $7 nil Hon to EPA's request for Salary and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity is $300.
- A net transfer of $1,600 to health effects - municipal spills ($204,800);
and from health effects - water quality non-energy ($203,200) to realign
funds between the Water Quality Research Committee; the Municipal Wastewater
Research Committee, and the Industrial Wastewater Research Committee.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $195,000 for this sub-program, of which $42,000
is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $153,000 1s for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $55,600 due to a phase out of the new and Innovative
technologies program.
- Efforts to develop bloassay techniques which will serve as a rapid means of
determining the health effects of toxic compounds In industrial wastewater
will be accelerated.
- Research activities to support the development of bloassay biomon1tor1ng
techniques, specifically for Industrial wastewater, will begin In Fiscal
Year 1982. This research supports the Agency's efforts to develop guidelines
and permits for industrial discharges under the NPDES program.
WQ-120
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- Asaroorl jte wastewater reuse guidelines in the food industry will ae
developed. "nese guidelines will be useful in writing interim criteria for
water reuse in certain fooc industries and to encourage private industry to
apply innovative technologies to control their pollutant discharges as well
as to recover a valuable resource.
Chance from January Reouest
This request represents a decrease of $4,600 from the January budget, of which
$600 is for Salaries ana Expenses and $4,000 is for Research and Development. This
decrease will have no significant effect on this program.
ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $9,377,900 for this sub-program, of which
$1,362,700 was for Salaries and Expenses and $8,015,200 was for extramural research
activities.
The following 1980 accompl1shments addressed the development and demonstration
of economically achievable technology which assisted in the development of Industry
specific effluent guidelines and provided treatability data for the issuance of
discharge Debits on a pollutant by pollutant basis. In addition, a coaprehensive
program leading to the develop^nent and deronstratior, of reuse/recycle systems for
the iron and steel, textile, organic chemicals, and petrochemical industries was
initiated.
- '-el i.ti nary tests showed that powdered activated caroon is effective for
treating leather tanning wastes.
- Pilot scale tests showed that ion exchange technology can remove chlorinated
organics from pulp and paper wastewaters.
- Plant tests showed that color can be removed from Kraft pulp mills by the
use of ultrafiltration.
- An economical hyperfiltration process was developed for the treatment and
renovation of textile wastewater.
- A closed loop reuse system was demonstrated in a full scale fiberglass
textile plant. This demonstration will serve as the basis for the effluent
guidelines for this industry.
- Treatability studies were performed on various pesticides, such as atrazlne/
carbaryl, and glyphosate, manufacturing wastewaters to provide a basis for
the issuance of discharge permits on a pollutant by pollutant basis.
- field tests showed that soluable sulfide precipitation can be used for the
treatment of coooer-lead smelting wastewater.
- A full scale demonstration showed that a mfcrof1ltration system can be used
for the treatment of battery manufacturing wastewaters,
- An on-site pilot unit successfully demonstrated the treatability of several
organic process wastewaters, such as chlorinated aliphatics, chlorinated
benzenes, and aromatics by use of activated carbon adsorption.
- A "Treatability Manual" was prepared for use by discharge permit writers in
instances where industry effluent guidelines were not available.
KQ-121
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- A mobile wastewater treatment system was used to demonstrate advanced treat-
ment technology for coke plait and blast furnace wastewaters.
- Solvent extraction treatment of wastewater from the manufacture of acetic
acid was demonstrated on a plant scale.
- The extent to which heavy
-------
- A transfer of 5109,900 between appropriations from environmental engineering
and technology-Industrial wastewater ($109,900) to environmental engineering
and technology - municipal wastewater ($109,900) in the research and develop-
ment appropriation; and from environmental engineering and technology -
Industrial wastewater ($1337900) in the salaries and expenses appropriation
to realign contract funds with operating costs.
- A transfer of 5700 was made to the Administrative law Judges to provide
additional resources to support a new program for instituting civil non-
compliance penalties under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act,
- QMS Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900
is Being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits.
Tne reduction applied to this activity 1s 55,100.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs 1s being
made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction appled to this activity
is $2,000.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies
Appropriation Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between
appropriations. This one percent authority 1s being Implemented by
transferring funds from the Research and Development and the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation in order to fund PC&S deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity 1s $44,000.
- Agencywide reproqrantuings are required In order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
decrease applied to this activity is $17,000.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $5,243,700 and 8 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, of which $1,041,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$4,202,300 is for extramural purposes unaer the Research and Development appro-
oriation.
This reflects a decrease of 53,483,500 due to a phase out of activities in
support of regulations development and reductions in control technology development
for lower priority Industrial wastewater sources.
The 1932 program will focus on problem solving investigations of treatability of
toxic industrial wastewaters to reduce toxicity, and demonstration of cost reductions
for wastewater treatment by highly impacted industries.
Major research results to be achieved 1n 1982 include:
- Demonstration of toxicity reduction by application of control technologies.
- Demonstration of major reduction in cost of wastewater treatment for a
highly Impacted industry by achievement of economies of scale.
- Investigation of treatability of organic chemicals in Industrial wastewaters.
- Development of advanced cost-effective treatment technology.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $1,540,600 and 12 permanent workyears from
the January budget, of which $371,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,169,000 is
for Research and Development. This decrease will result in the phase out of activities
in support of regulations development, and reductions in development of control
technology for lower priority industrial wastewater sources.
WQ-123
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ENVIRONMENTAL orqcESSES AND EFFECTS
1930 Accomplishments
No resources were re-questcd for this research 1 n 1980.
'381 ?rocsram
No resources were requested for tnis research in 1981.
19S2 Plan
The iaency requests a total of $199,800 for this sub-program, of wtiich $183,300
is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $15,000 is for extradural purposes
under the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $198,800, which will provide methods for quantify-
ing toxicity levels Of a select number of industrial wastewater effluents.
- A generic screen or screens to be used In identifying a toxic problem will be
developed and evaluated.
- Guidelines similar to the water quality guidelines for determining a permit
based on the toxicity unit concept will be developed.
- The need to test the toxicity discharge unit concept on a pilot basis will be
determined.
- A taxicity-reduction manual will be developed.
Chance from Januarv Request
This request represents a decrease of $500 fron the January budget for Salaries
and Expenses. This decrease will have no significant effect on this program.
W0-121
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MATER QUALITY
Municipal Wastewater/Spi 11 Prevention
Ajcopfl at 1 on
technical (nTcnnation
and Liaison:
Salaries and Expenses....
Research and Development.
*1on1tcrinq Systems and
Quality Assurance:
Salaries and Expenses....
Research and Development.
Health Effects:
Sa'aries and Expenses....
Research and Development.
Budget Cur*ent Increase *
Actual Estimate Estlnite Estimate Decrease -
1980 1931' 19S1 1982 1982 vs. 1S3>
faoTTars \r. thousands]
$365
39
664
710
2,338
$360
248
552
313
1 ,166
2,223
S360
248
530
301
955
2,475
$377
248
518
384
360
2,179
+ 17
~83
-95
-297
Environmental Engineering and
Technology:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development....
5,335 5,108 5,105 5,615 *511
11,293 11.447 10,203 9,204 -999
Total :
Salaries and Expenses....
Research and Development.
7,074 7.186 6,950 7,371 -421
13,947 14,241 13,227 12,014 -1,213
Grand "otal
21 ,021
21 .427
20,177
19,385
-792
Pe^anent Positions
Technical Information and
Liaison
5
5
5
5
. . .
Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
10
7
i
7
• * •
Health Effects
13
18
18
17
-1
Environmental Enameering and
Technology
121
116
115
109
-6
"otai
149
146
145
138
-7
WQ-125
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Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
"fdcliars in thousands)
Full-Time Equivalency
Tecnnical Information
and Liaison
8
9
8
8
« > •
Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance,,..
15
12
11
12
*1
Health Effects
18
27
28
26
-2
Environmental Engineering and
Technology
144
136
133
129
Total
185
134
180
175
-5
« January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,384,900 for 1982, a decrease of $790,700 from
1981, Included in this total is $7,370,200 for Salaries and Expenses and $12,014,700
for Research and Development, with an increase of $421,300 and a decrease of
$1,212,000, respectively,
3rpyaw Description
This progran has been developed under the auspices of the Municipal Wastewater
Research Comittee. The disciplinary components (or suS-proqrams 1 of the program are
integrates into an overall research effort designed to produced outputs clearly focused
on Agency researcn needs in this subject area.
The overall progran has two distinct facets: Municipal Wastewater Engineering and
Technology and Hazardous Materials Spills.
This program furnishes the engineering and technology support for the Agency
Construction Grants Program, the Sec. 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management Program,
the National Urban Runoff Program, the Clean Lakes Program, the Effluent Guidelines
Program, the NPDES program and the Solid Waste Program (sludge management regulations).
These programs are major activities within the Office of Water Enforcement and the
Office of Solid Waste.
Another part of the program furnishes the engineering and technology support
required by the Oil and Special Materials Control Division within the newly created
Office of Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention within the Office of
Water Program Operations (0WP0). The engineering design and equipment development,
field control techniques and on-scene technical assistance are provided for the
control and mitigation of spills of hazardous materials.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AK0 LIAISON
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $4,041,000 for this sub-program, of which
$364,700 was for Salaries and Expenses and $39,400 was for extramural research
activities.
In 1980, the Technical Information Program supported the preparation and
publication of the Research Outlook, the Research Highlights, technical information
plans and guidance and otner documents of general interest to the envlronmental
decision making community. It also provided 0R0 with Information systems necessary
to effectively plan and manage its research projects and resources. Specific
accomplishments In the area of Municipal Wastewater Included:
WQ-126
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- The preparation, publication and dissemination of a technology transfer
manual on Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems and of a
revision of the technology transfer design manual on Sludge Treatment
and 01sposal.
- Conduct of seminars for target technical audiences on the following
subjects:
a. Wastewater Treatment Cacil1t1es for Smalt Communities.
D. Water anc Waste Management In the Arctic Environment,
c. Innovative and Alternative Technology Assessment.
i. Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater.
- Support for the Small Wastewater Flows Information Clearinghouse.
The Regional Services Staff provided effective communications between ORD
and EPA's regional offices. Specifically, they:
- Developed and implemented the Regional Support Management Information
System.
- Carried out regional liaison activities to provide technical assistance.
- Conducted ORO/Regional Senior Staff Meetings.
- Advised ORD on all aspects of regional operations.
The Technical Information and Liaison activities helped enable 0R0 to
communicate its research information to EPA's regional offices and to the
envi ronmental decision making community. Further, they assisted in enhancing
coordination between ORD and tne regions allowing each to meet the needs of the
Agency and the public more efficiently.
1931 Program
In 1931, the Agency has allocated a total of S607.500 and 8 permanent work years
to this sub-program, of which $359,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $248,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This sub-program is providing various research program and project summaries
decision series documents, and technology transfer publications to meet Research
Committee requirements. Technical Information Plans listing the explicit information
products for this research effort are being prepared. Throughout the year, support
will be provided to develop these Information products and to distribute them to the
appropriate users. Support 1s also being provided to manage information systems
which track ORD's research projects and resources.
Regional liaison activities are continuing as in 1980. To this end, such
activities will:
- Continue the regional support Management Information System.
- Conduct 0RD/Reg1onal Senior Staff Meetings and other liaison activities to
provide technical assistance. These will Include preparing reports, conducting
special staff and policy studies, developing regional problem statements, and
Identifying research and technical assistance requirements.
- Develoo and implement a process to address the research needs of state and
local governments in the ORD planning process.
W0-127
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1931 Explanation of Chanoe f-om Budget Estimate
The resources reflected unGer the 1931 budget estimate column are derived from
"cros swal ki ng" t"e prograT st-ucture presented in the 1181 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 19S' current estimate reflected in this sub-
mission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development program,
as «ell as the crosswalk, of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses
section of this submission.
"he net decrease of SI,IOC results from several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to tne budget (Hojse Document 96-294); tne revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity 1s $1,600.
- An increase of $4,000 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reorogrannlngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $500 to areas within the Office of Research and
Developnent.
Ai interna' aaencywlde reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs Is being
•nade in order to fund PC8S deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $13,000.
Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCJ8 deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is $10,000.
!9S2 Plan
The Agency reouests a total of S625.100 ans 9 permanent workyears for this
sub-program, of which $377,100 Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
S24S.00C is for extramural purposes under the Research and Oevelopnent appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $17,600 which will provide support for the development
and dissemination of a number of technical Information products.
This sub-program will continue. In 1982, to provide the same types of services
as in 1981. This includes the development and production of technical information
products to ensure that research information is properly and adequately communicated
to the environmental decision making community. Specific products planned by the
appropriate Research Committee will be develooed. Support to management systems
which track ORD's research projects and resources will be orovlded as will strong
liaison with Regional Offices, of a similar nature to that conducted In 1981.
Change from January Request
There is no change from the January request.
MONITORING SYSTEMS ASP QUALITY ASSURANCE
1980 Acconpllshnents
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $891,200 for this sub-program, of which
$664,500 was for Salaries and Expenses and $226,700 was for extramural research
activi ties.
- Ten spill prevention control and countermeasure studies and 10 oil and
hazardous spill emergency soill response projects were conpleted.
Study results were utilized by EPA Regions for compliance monitoring.
WQ-128
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- Overhead monitoring and data analysis support was provided to the Regions
and Program Offices for land use, thermal pollution discharges and
industrial spill analyses.
- Overhead monitoring and data analysis support was provided to the Chesapeake
Bay, Beaumont/lake Charles, Poplar River and Atchafalaya River special
projects.
- fifty field studies were completed for the regions and Program Offices. The
studies included thermal pollutant surveys, wetland and land use surveys,
point and non-point surveys and leaehate and septic tank problem analyses.
- Expert witness and overhead monitoring data acquisition support for the
enforcement case preparation was provided to the Office of Enforcement and
the regiona1 enforcement divisions.
- The 301(h) Ocean Discharge Program received overhead monitoring support and
data analysis.
1981 Program
In 1931, the Agency has allocated a total of $831 ,300 and 12 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $530,200 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 5301,100 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- Resources have been provided to respond to ten spill prevention and counter-
measures and fifteen emergency spill requests. The data obtained from these
requests will be used By the legions for eonpllance monitoring and suoport of
on-scene coordinators.
- Staff are participating m approximately 150 hazardous waste site investigations
by providing aerial photography and multi-spectral scanner imagery and analysis
support,
- Fifteen Environmental Impact Statements are being prepared for the Regions,
These studies support the Construction Grants Program,
- Ten septic field analyses are being completed for the Regions. These studies
will provide data supporting the Construction Grants Program.
- Technical assistance is being provided to more that 70 regional projects
covering land use, thermal pollution discharges and Industrial spill analyses.
- Expert support to the Regions and the Hazardous Waste Enforcement Task Force
is being provided.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived
from "crosswalklng" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's
3udget submission to the new structure as presented In the 1981 current estimate
reflected in this submission. The details of the restructuring of the research
and development program, as well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be
found in the Special Analyses section of this submission.
The net decrease of $33,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these
revisions resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for
Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity 1s $3,300.
KG-129
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The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.3 million; a
decrease of $2,000 was aooiied to thts activity.
- An increase of $6,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay "aise
and 1s included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogranmings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $9,800 to areas within the Office of Research and
Development.
- Transfer $400 to monitoring system and quality assurances to realign contract
funds.
- Transfer $11,500 to rnonitoring systems to provide support for the development
of monitoring methods for amalent monitoring of water quality.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $11,795,900
is being used to fund personne' compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activitiy 1s $2,000.
- An Internal agencywide "-eduction of $6,550,000 to eaulpment costs is being
maae in order to fund PCiS deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $26,000.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
Increase applied to this activity Is $15,000.
19e2 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $902,200 and 12 permanent wortyears for tms
sub-proararc, of w»i1ch $517,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$334,400 is for extramural purposes unoer the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an Increase of $70,900 which will provide an additional level of
support for the Agency's Mandatory Quality Assurance Program.
- Analysis of 10-14 septic tan* fields will be made for the Regional Construction
Grants Program.
A portable, airplane-mounted camera system which can provide aerial photography
of spill sites to determine the extent of contamination 1s called "Env1ro-Pod".
Enviro-Pod support will be provided to the regions and program offices.
In support of compliance monitoring, this program will produce 10 Spill
Prevention Control and Countermeasure Studies for the Office of Water Program
Operations and the Regions.
- Response to Regional requests for support on 15-20 emergency oil and hazardous
spills will provide data to the on-scene coordinators.
- Aerial photography, multi-spectral scanner Imagery and envlro-pod support
will be provided for Industrial spills and approximately 150 hazardous waste
site Investigations,
Data to complete 10-12 Env1ronmental Impact Statements will be provided for
the Regions, Office of Environmental Review and the Construction Grants
Program.
Support to tne mandatory quality assurance program will provide technical
guidance, support and overview to assure that the Agency will have
environmental data of known quality that are appropriate for EPA needs.
WQ-130
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Chance FVot. January Reauest
Tnis request represents a decrease of $15,300 frorc the January budget, of wtiich
$7,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and $7,700 is for Research and Development. This
decrease will have no significant effect on this program.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1930 Accompl i sh-nents
In 15S0, the Agency used a total of $3,097,500 for this sub-program, of which $709,900
was for Salaries and Expenses and 52,387,600 was for extramural research activities.
- A symposium on the evaluation of health risks associated with animal feeding
ana land application of municipal sludge Brought together most of the investi-
gators studying this problem. The data presented at the symposium is
being used in developing policy on the disposal of municipal sludges on land
and for the use of these sludges as possible anirrva 1 feed products.
- Epidemiological studies of sludge conposting workers completed at several
sites within the U.S., Indicate that exposure may cause inflammation.
The exact cause of the Inflammation is unknown, but one possible cause may
be the presence of endotoxins in the compost dust. It was recommended that
compost workers be protected from sludge corcpost dust by wearing protective
masks.
1?S1 Program
In 1331, the Agency has allocated a total of $3,429,400 and 23 permanent wo'-kyears
to this sub-progr3m, of wtilch $954,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,474,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Highlights of the 1981 research program Include:
- Studies of the health implications of land application for treatment and
disposal of wastewater and sludge are being continued.
- Criteria for the safe reuse of municipal wastewater for aquaculture and
potable purposes is being developed.
1931 Explanation of Change from 3udget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1931 President's 3udget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this
submission. Tne details of the restructuring of the research and developnent program,
as well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses
section of this submission.
The net increase of $30,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity Is $5,100.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde consulting services by $3.8 million, a
decrease of $20,000 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of
$4,200 was applied to this activity.
WO-131
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- An increase of $9,800 results '-orr the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is mc ludea in a proposed supplemental appropriation,
- Reprogramnlngs to rgjifgn salary and related costs to rreet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $2,000 to areas within the Office of Research and
Devel ooraent.
- Transfer $20^,900 from health effects to rea'iqn funds between the Water
Quality Research Committee; the Municipal Wastewater Research Committee;
and the Industrial Wastewater Research Committee.
- (H8 Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "c1sca1 fw 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to favel; the total reduction of $1,795,900
is 501ng used to 'und personnel compensation and benefits (PC48) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activity 1s $2,900.
- An Internal agencywlde reduction of $1 ,790,800 to other contractual services
is being rode in order to fund PCS8 deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $150,000.
1982 Plan
The Aae";y requests 3 total of $3,037,800 and 27 permanent wo'-i years for this sub-
program, of which $859,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,178,200
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Tn~s reflects a decrease of $391,600, which will orovlde a reduced level
of e"ort in determining the health ejects of .turnclpal wastewater soecifically
in the areas of urban runoff and water reuse.
- Hajor emphasis will continue on the health effects resulting from the use
of wastewater and sludge fro-- land treatment. The "Wt critical research is
related to the impact of bacteria viruses and parasites in sludge as *ell as
heavy -*tals and toxic organlcs in sludge on human health through this
hi^concentration in the food chain or their contamination of groundwater,
pretreatnent requirements, particularly disinfection, are to be deferred 1n
large measure, pending the Outputs of this program.
- Investigation of the health effects resulting from the reuse of wastewater for
aauacultural and potable purposes will continue.
° The emphasis on aquaculture arises from recognition that, although nutrients
can be utilized in aquaculture systems, more data are needed to determine 1f
the products themselves will create a public health problem.
* Research in the area of potable reuse will be concerned with determining:
whether the treatment system affects the nature and toxicity of organic
substances, the health risk resulting from viruses In water intended for
reuse; and whether groundwater aquifers recharged with treatment effluents
have a health Impact on humans. Data from this research will support the
development of criteria or guideline documents for the safe reuse of waste-
water.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $74,800 from the January budget, of which
$11,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $63,000 is for Research and Development,
This decrease will have no significant effect on this program.
WQ-132
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1980 Accomplishments
In 1930, the Agency usee! a total of $15,627,700 for this sub-program, of which
$5,234,600 was for Salaries and Expenses and $11,293,100 was for extradural research
activities.
WASTEWATER RESEARCH PROGRAM
- Reports on control technologies such as biodecradation, activated carbon
adsorption, and air stripping for the removal of priority pollutants frow
•tunic>pal wastewaters were published.
- A sampling apparatus and analytical protocol for the quantitative measure-
ment of the transfer of volatile priority pollutants to the atmosphere as
they pass through municipal wastewater treatment facilities were developed.
- The utility of tne Composite Correction Progran (CCP) concept was developed
anc denonstrated. It is now being used by the Agency as a major tool in the
New Publicly Owned Treatment Worxs Compliance Strategy.
- The Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technology Assessment Manual was
published for use by the regional and state officials and design engineers.
- A repot on Urban Stormwater Management and Technology based on 12 case-
histories was published. These case histories represent the most promising
approaches to stormwater control.
- The current state-of-art technology in the design and operation cf overland
flow systems was presented in the First National Seminar on Overland Flow
Technology for Municipal Wastewater.
The Design Manual for Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disoosa1 Systems
was completed. The manual presents site evaluation, design, construction,
operational and managerial Information in a form useful to planners,
engineers, sanitarians, and regulatory agencies concerned with onsite
wastewater systems for small community applications.
HAZARDOUS SPILLS PROGRAM
- A portable battery-operated automatic enzyme-based system for detecting
spills of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides 1n water was developed
and demonstrated.
- An in-stream warning system consisting of a number of Individual probes and
sensors (total organic carbon, conductivity, UV absorption, etc.) for the
continuous detection of a broad variety of spilled hazardous chemicals in
water was demonstrated.
- A new and more effective system for collecting and treating rlnsates from
agricultural pesticides spraying operations for the purpose of protecting
groundwaters was demonstrated.
- Fire-fighting foams to reduce the rate of vaporization of spilled hazaraous
liquids were developed.
- Alternative techniques (e.g., classification, bromination, alkali fluxing)
for the ultimate disposal of spilled refractory chemicals were evaluated.
WQ-133
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1961 Program
In 1931, the agency has allocated a total of $15,307,400 and 133 permanent
woricyears to this suD-program, of which $5,104,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,202,900 is for extranural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
WASTEWATER RESEARCH PROGRAM
Sludge Management
The sludge management program continues to hold a high priority due to the
Agency's new regulations and policies resulting from implementation of RCRA and
the 1977 Clean Water Act (CWA) amendments.
Design and operation of anaero&ic dioestors that maximize solids reduction
and energy production are being approved.
- Sest management practices for land application are being developed.
Toxic Pollutants Control
The toxic pollutants control orogram is designed to produce information on
the character!zation and sources of toxic pollutants, on the treatability by
conventional and/or innovative technology to orovide cost analyses to enable
selection of the most cost-effective solution.
- Data bases from a 25 city survey on priority pollutants 1n terns of sources
contributing to POTW's, occurrence and concentration in P0TW influents,
effluents and sludges, and removals obtainable by unit processes are being
developed.
- Treatab'11ty and removability of priority pollutants and other toxic
organics by a variety of conventional and advanced waste treatment
processes are being assessed.
I/A Program
The 0RD innovative and alternative (I/A) technology program is continuing
to provide technical support to the Construction Grants Program for Implementing
I.'A projects. The program is also assessing emerging technologies and providing
technology transfer to state and local governments.
Operation and Design
The plant operation and design program 1s continuing to focus on the develop-
ment of methods and practices that improve plant performance and reliability, reduce
operating costs and support enforcement activities.
Urban Runoff
The urban runoff program develops methods for controlling pollution from
stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflows through development of such things
as a storage/sedimentation design manual to assist the user in choosing a system
to meet specific needs.
Process Development
The process development program 1s developing and evaluating new technologies
that enhance the ability of municipalities to meet discharge limitations in a cost-
effective manner. This program focuses on four areas: new biological process
development; biodearadatlon of specific pollutants; wastewater disinfection; potable
water reuse ana water conservation.
WQ-134
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Wastewater Disinfection
The wastewater disinfection program is being directed toward completing a number
of projects wmch will serve as inpjt to specific manuals of practice. Areas of
research include ozonation, ultraviolet light and chl orination. Ultimate product of
this program will be a disinfection manual of practice expected to be completed in
December 15S2.
Potable Water Peuse
Activities in the potable water reuse area are being pnased out. Tr.e only
activity m 1931 will invclve monitoring a few existing projects. Tne T.a;or project
he-e is the Congressional ly 'nandatec demonstration project in Denver. Colorado wnicn
if fully funded and is expected to be completed in about five to seven years.
Small Wastewater Flows
The small wastewater flows program develops alternative treatment systems for
individual hemes and small comunities. In order to meet the changing needs of the
operating programs, the program is broadening Its activities 'ran technical research
and development to activities which emphasize the applicability, economics, manaoe-
meit, health implications ana other areas which will promote the adoption and -jse of
alternative snva 11 flows technologies by the user community.
Land Application
The Land Application of Wastewater program 1s directed to design and operating
criteria for the three major land treatment processes (overland flow, rapid infil-
tration and slow rate Infiltration). The principal effort in 1981 will be devoted
to providing additional design and operational data on rapid infiltration and over-
land flow systems for updating the design manual Land Treatment of Municipal Waste-
water. This is a priority need for the construction grants program. The first
aesicn manual revision is oeing completed in 1931. The evaluation of the first full
scale overland flow project is being completed and transport and transformation of
toxic substances through soil treatment systems are being studied.
Aouaculture
In the area of municipal wastewater treatment by aquaculture, several studies are
continuing to provide design and operational data for the Construction Grants 'rogram
Among then are the studies of the effectiveness of a variety of plants and of natural
and artiflcal wetlands receiving municipal wastewater, and the effectiveness of filte
feeding fish for removal of pollutants from municipal wastewater effluents.
land Treatment
The Land Treatment Task Force is continuing to provide technical assistance to
Region VI and VII and the nine state governments in those regions with the objective
of increasing land treatment systems funded by the Construction Grant Program.
Soills Prevention
The hazardous incident program continues the development of technology for the
prevention, identification, and control of hazardous and toxic material spills.
Major enphasis will be on the finalizatlon of the new portable Incineration system
and contingency planning for spill response.
- A portable incine-ation svsten, complete with air pollution control equipment
for on-site destruction of spilled organic hazardous chemicals collected
during-clean'jp operations is being demonstrated.
WQ-135
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- A system tc detect the location of insoluble spilled hazardous rTaterials which
have settled on stream oottoms is being developed.
- Guidelines for use by state and local oovernment officials in preparing
contingency plans for effective local level response to hazardojs chemical
S3'lis is Deing developed.
19?1 Explanation of Chance from Budoet Estimate
The net decrease of $1,247,300 results fro
-------
- Department of Housing and Urban Oevelop*»ent-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations.
This one percent authority is oeing implemented By transferring funds from the
Research and Development and Che Abatement, Control and ConpHance appropriations
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund s>CSS deficits; tne
reduction applied to this activity is SI ,050,000.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PC&3 deficits; the increase
applied to this activity 1s $128,000.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $14,819,800 and 129 permanent workyears for this
sub-program, of wnich $5,515,700 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$9,204,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $437,500 which will provide a reduced level of effort
for process development in the area of water reuse, urban runoff and natural treatment
systems.
y'JNXC IPAL WASTEWATER
- Sludge management program will continue research «ork on:
° evaluation of thermal processes and energy recovery;
° evaluation of composting and other conversion processes; and
° characterization of emissions of sludge disposal facilities.
In the land application management and disposal of municipal sludge, the
following will be completed.
° fate and effects of toxic organics in sludge applied to agricultural land;
° assessment of high rate application; and
° evaluation of sludge landfilling.
- The toxic pollutant control program will continue to develop a data base
assessing the magnitude, composition and source of toxics in municipal wastes.
- Full scale plants using conventional and non-conventional technology for
the removal of inetals will be evaluated.
- New treatment processes which enhance removal of priority pollutants from
wastewater will be developed.
- The plant operation and design program will continue its effort on the
development of procedures to develop the design, cost, and energy
effectiveness of new and upgraded wastewater treatment plants, improve
methods to assure proper performance of existing facilities through
improved operation and maintenance, and increase systems reliability
and the application of instrumentation and automation to process control
and system management. Oesign operation and maintenance guidelines for
conventional systems and land application/alternative technology will be
developed and an energy effectiveness report on wastewater and residuals
will be produced. Technical support to selected POTW's on operation and
maintenance problems will continue.
- Tne specific goal of the I/A technology program is greater use of systems
that reclaim and reuse wastewater, productively recycle wastewater constituents
and otherwise eliminate the discharge of pollutants or recover energy. The
program will consist of:
HQ-137
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° review of Step 1 facility plans Involving I/A technology applications; and;
c completion of effectiveness studies of i/A program and development and
presentation of regional i/A technology assessment seminars for consulting
engineers, and federal/state personnel.
- Tne urban runoff research program will compile BMP's for urban runoff pollution
control; and extend research related to infiltration Inflow control tecnnology.
- Treatment Process Development will Include new biological process development,
D'odegradat1 on and specific pollutants removal, wastewater disinfection and
conservation and wastewater reuse.
Novel technologies for more efficiently dissolving oxygen in wastewater while
reducing overall aeration costs will continue to be developed and demonstrated.
Induced :n this work will be an evaluation of the deep shaft activated sludge
process, and an evaluation of the two zone reactor/clarlfier.
- A final report on the degradation protocol for priority pollutants will be
prepared.
- The conservation and reuse program will be phased out, but the Oenver project
will be monitored.
The small wastewater flows program will continue to support the operating
program without significant changes. The small flows information clearinghouse
will be continued, as will the operating and monitoring of the specific tech-
nologies oemg studied at the Center for Small Flow Technology. The comprehensive
Septaoe Treatment and Disposal Handbook will be completed.
- "he natural treatment systems program includes the land treatment and aquaculture
programs. The baseline data on tne Lubbock project and associated research will
be continued.
SPILLS
- The hazardous substances spill program will continue to develop and demonstrate
technology in the five areas outlined under the 1981 program, na.uely: Information
transfer and prevention; pre-splll response planning, safety and assessment;
containment, confinement, separation and concentration; ultimate disposal; and
restoration. Major emphasis will be on the development of information and
procedures for use by hazardous spill coordinators and "first-on-scene" personnel.
- Specialized techniques will be developed for ensuring personnel safety during
spill cleanup operations, and procedures will be demonstrated for the
decontamination of personnel and equipment following these operations.
- A manual will be prepared to assist spill coordinators 1n evaluating alternative
spill cleanup and disposal techniques to determine the most cost-effective
approaches and the extent of required cleanup ("How Clean is Clean?").
- A computerized system will be developed for storage and retrieval of spill
control Information, including cleanup options and disposal alternatives.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $1,155,100 and 7 permanent workyears from
tne January budget, of which $254,600 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $900,500 is
for Research and Development. This decrease will result in a reduced level of
effort in process development for water reuse, urban runoff, and natural treatment
syste-s.
WQ-138
-------
Drinking Water
SECTION TAB
-------
DRINKING WATER
Appropriation
Sal aries and Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Ccnpl iance
Research and Devel opment
Total
Permanent Positions
"ull-time Eauivalancy
0-jtl ays
Authorization Level s
PP033AM HIGHLIGHTS
Drinking Water Non-Energy:
Salaries and Exoenses...
Research and Devel opnent
Total , Research and
Devel opment Program
Criteria. Standards, and
Guidel ines:
Salaries and Expenses...
APatenent, Control and
Compl i ance
State Program Resource
Assi stance:
Abatement, Control and
¦Con pi i ance
Drinking Water Management:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control and
Conpl i ance
Budget
Current
Increase *
Actual
Estinate
Estimate
Estimate
Decrease -
1980
1981*
1981
1982
19S2 vs. 19
(do!l ars
In thousands)
SI 8,822
$22,71 ?
521 .729
S24.664
~S2,935
47,359
44,664
42,500
42,092
-408
16,211
2C.769
1 8,664
20,91 0
+2.246
82,392
33,1 52
32,893
87,666
~4,773
489
551
51 3
514
~1
581
653
61 9
636
-1 7
69,333
74,000
67 ,509
66,353
-1 ,1 56
85,569
107,447
107,447
90,000
6,807
7,924
7,580
8,802
+1 .1 22
16,211
20,769
18,664
20.91 0
+2.246
23,018
23,693
25,344
29,71 2
~3,368
4,5Z1
5,458
5,298
5,61 9
~321
4,903
3,837
3,658
3,595
-63
41 .401
39 ,575
37,682
37,525
-1 57
6,839
3,582
7,957
9,305
-1 ,343
1 ,008
1 ,243
1 ,1 50
972
-188
QW-1
-------
Total . Abatement, Control
and Compliance Program:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control and
Co^pl 1 ance
'ota1
Drinking Water Enforcement:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control and
Cor.pl iance
Total . Enforcement Program
Remanent Positions
Drinking water son-Energy,
"ctal , Research and
Cevel opment Program
Criteria, Standards, and
Cui del 1 nes
State Pragrjpi Resource
Assistance
Drinking Water ^anaaenent.
Total , Abatement and
Cont-ol Prograis
prinking Wate*- Enforce"ient,
"otal , Enforcement 3rogran.
rur. -1ine Eauival encv
TrTWfri^ATtTr-'Ton" inergy,
~otal . Research and
Devel opment Program
Criteria, Standards, and
Guidel ines
State Program Resource
Assistance
Drinking Water Management.
Total , Abatement and
Control Program
D'-inr. ing Water Enforcement,
Total , Enforcement Program
* January 1 980 President's
restructuring.
5udget Current increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
I 960 1 991 * ioai 1092 1 982 vs. 1981
r^oHars in thousands!
Paoe
11 ,360
47.31 2
14,040
44,655
13,255
42.500
1 4,924
42.092
"1 .669
-4C3
53,672
58,695
55,755
S',01 6
~1 ,261
655
755
794
938
~1 44
DW-
47
9
• • «
702
764
794
938
~1 44
1 43
1 53
1 46
1 51
jh*
91
1 OC
95
96
*1
j'W*
237
270
246
239
'-7
:w-
Zn ¦
323
370
341
335
-5
18
28
26
28
~ 2
rw-
189
204
1 95
201
*6
"M '
111
118
117
114
-3
DW-
253
299
276
290
*1 4
DW'
369
41 7
393
404
*11
23
22
31
31
DW
-27
Euoaet as adjusted By Office of Researcn and Devel opment
• 27
•N-2
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OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's drinking water program 's primar'ly a puolic healtn protection effort to
ensure tne ouality of the nation's drinicing water. The Safe Urinning water Act ' SA)
requires that EPA develop national drinking water standards, that utilities undertake
periodic monitoring to ensure compliance with these standards and that a cooperative
^ede^al-State effort oversee tne implementation of the associated programs, "wo majc
reculatory programs were established under the legislation ^iich provice the foundation
for £?A's activities: the 3ubl-c water Systems Supervision ;?WS; prog-am, to assure the
compliance by utilities with appropriate dua'ity standards and tne Ground water »<-otec-
tio* '3WP; program, to protect present and future sources of drmcing water fron contam-
ination ^elated to injection wells. Ir, addition, financial assistance to States to
support their delegated implementation efforts is authorized.
The Agency's strategy is to implement the Drinking Water Program in stages: first,
estao1ish:ng the institutional franework and defining specific regulations ana procedures;
second, ensu-i^g fat high levels ?' compliance are attained and maintained. *he
Interns Pr-mtry Drinking Water Regulations, which contain numerical standards 'or the
traditional contaminants of health concern in drinking water, were promulgated in 1976
and nave been in effect since 197 7. These were amended in 1979 to limit, harmful by-
products of disinfection, to add a maximum contaminant level (MCI.) for trihalomethanes,
tie most frequently found carcinogens if d-inking water. Wor* is now underway to letec*.
an; control human exposure to new contaminants of concern, especially mar-mace orcemc
cnemicals (inducing carcinogens' that are now being detected i r. drinning water. In
adC'tion to monitoring to determine occurrence, EPA is assessing the :ost of t-eatmert arc
the appropriateness of national standards. Seconoary Regulations, specifying stanoa^ds
for aesthetic quality such as taste, odor, color and appearance, were promulgated m 1979.
"he SDWA places primary responsibility for implementation and enforcement of the
standards with the States. E'A worted closely with the States in formulating the ?jO"ic
»ater Systems program (PWS) arri t'y tne end of 1930. >59 States and territories assumed
or unary enforcement responsibility for the program. Final program regulations for tne
urouno water Protection Program, designed to protect underground drinking water sources
from contamination related to injection wells, were promulgated in June 1930. Initial
State grants were awarded to conduct a national assessment of the threat to around wate*-
duality from sjr'ace impoundments and to prepare for State delegations of tr-e J1" oroeram.
¦«sw that tie regulations de'mirg minimum 'equi renents 'or States to assume le'egation
'esoonsibi1lty for the program have been pronulgated, major emphasis is being placed on
helping States develop effective programs and qualify for primacy. EPA w'll promote
delegations to States for the underground injection control program as wel' as initiate
reaeral implementation of botn public water system ano underground injection control
programs :n States which are unable or unwilling to assume primary enforcement
respcnsibi1lty.
In 1S32 added emphasis wi'l oe placed on the safety o' drinking water which is
being contaminated with synthetic cnemcals not previously regulated, "he major priori-
ties are as follows: expanding monitorina for orqanlc contaminants; expanding the basis
'or defining safe levels for previously unregulated organic contaminants which are now
being found in ground water supplies; pursuing full nationwide comp'iance with traditicjl
standards; and providing assistance in dealing with instances of signi'icant contamination
as they are detected. This latter activity will require close coordination with activi-
ties unde" the Resource Recovery and Conservation Act and Superfund to assure that EPA's
efforts to protect ground water are well coordinated, particularly in relation to the
disposal of hazardous wastes.
DW-3
-------
Expanced Public Health Protection
Qrmxlng Water is a significant route of human exposure to natural and synthetic
substances which pose a rise to health. The greatest concern is contamination by
synthetic organic cnemicals, especially those associated with toxic and hazardous
wastes. Setting safe levels for organic chemicals in drinking water presents exceptional
ji * 'icul t ies. First, the ever growing nureer of syitnetic organics being usee in our
society outrun botn the methods to detect their occurrence and Knowledge about their
effects on nunan nealth. This reouires a considerable investment by EDA to generate
nealtn effects information, expand monitoring, assess new cost-effertive treatment
technologies, and determine appropriate regulatory responses. Historically, these organic
contaminants have not seen measured on a wiaespread basis in drinking water and expanses
•monitoring efforts to determine which chemicals are In fact invading tne nation's drmxing
water are required.
A major cnallenge in expanding public health protection related to drinking water
•s tr.e development of Revisec Primary Drlnxing water Standards which are "-equfed by
tne SD«A. This will include standards for a na^t»er of rnan-tade organic chemicals, ;aany
v «r,icr are carcinogenic;, and a reassessment of a number of the traditiona1 standards
based on new scientific data. The results will form a basis for reducing future
regulatory burdens when it is appropriate to do so.
Of particular concern are tne contaminants found in dr-nking water from underground
sources wnich are in proximity to improperly disposed hazarscus wastes. States and
localities have an acute need for prompt Feoeral assistance in dealing with the growing
nuroer if incioents of signi'icant contanination. Conseauently, EPA will be expanding its
caoabil'ty to provide guidance and advisory Information on the health e'fects and contra1
"•ethoos for unregulated contaminants. in 19S1 maximum contaminant levels (^CLs) for six
to ten organic chemicals, primarily solvents found in drinmnq water derived fry? ground
water, will be proposes. In aaoition, during 1932 E9A plans to issue 19 additional forma:
health effect guidances for contaminants for which MCls have not yet been established.
Other sources of harmful organic contaminants are direct and indirect additives to
dri ruing water. These are substances added to arinnng water supplies eitrier deliberately
[as contaminants in cner.ica's used m the treatment process) or i nc icert al 1 y (e.g., 'each-
mc frx1 pice coatmcs, etc.). EPA acreed to assure 'esponsibi 1 ity 'or their control -n
an agreement witr tne rood and Drug Administration in 1980. Altnougn its 'jll ino'-e-
•T.entation *ii; be delayed ;n 1?S2, the additives program will begin to develop protocols
for orovicing technical advice to States on the health implication of products usea in
water treatment. In addition, EPA has funded the National Academy of Sciences to develop
a CODEX (quality control standards) for chemicals used to treat drinking water. .Not only
is the program necessary to assure the duality of drinxing water from a heretofore uncon-
trolled source contamination, but information developed may reduce the need for formal
and extensive national standards saving -esources and limiting the need for added
regulat ions.
Promoting Compliance with Standards and Regulations
Now that the institutional framework for the PWS program is in place, comprehensive
monitoring for the traditional contaminants of concern has begun and overall data are
becoming available. Nearly 5,000 public water systems out of 3 universe of 52.0CC
community systems, or about 14 percent of tne national total, are currently estimated to
be out of compliance with one or more maximum contaminant level standards. For many of
these, the principal obstacle tc compliance is the capita! costs involved, especially
for the small systems which service popuiatiors of 2,500 or less. These make up about
30 percent of the water sytesrs. in response, EPA has prepared a small systems strategy
CW-4
-------
«hicn prescribes a uriifoHn plan of action to pronete compliance through a combination of
technical assistance anc selective enforcement. The strategy is intended to prioritize
response to instances of nonconpl1ance basea upon relative health risk, si2e of exposed
population, the availability of remedial actions and level of cooperation. The strategy
provices a frameworx for the States to identify those systems whicn have feasible
options for compliance and it permits flexibility «n dealing with systems whicr ar» Mnao'e
to comply. EPA will contmue to provice teenrical assistance tc States to facilitate
tne acplication of cost elective technologies for s^all systems.
An lT.Dortan; activity -n 19c2 will be providing expanded technical assistance tc
States on tne control of organic contaminants m cringing water. Compliance witn new
reg-'ations related to hamfjl organic cnericais involves complex analytical techniques
ana new applications of control technologies wnich are often beyond the conventional
expertise of many water plant operators and State regulators. EPA will worx extensively
with the States to neet these new requirements for technical expertise and scphisticated
monitoring procedures.
!.~pi e^en; * "g a Coordinated Ground Water Protectio- P-ocra^
Grounc water is the source of drinking water for nore than naif the nation's popula-
tion. However, when cPA's role in protecting drinking water supplies and sources was
established in 197A with the SDWA, protection of ground water was a secondary concern,
eclipsec by the need to establish national regulator, 'or puolic water systems. jround
w'te1- was generally thougnt to be natural ]y protected fron con cam; nat i on by nan-tr.ace
organic chemicals. Recently the Nation has been confronted »".i a grow re nurse- ;r
cases in wnicn cnenicai contamination has been detected at relatively ngr. concert'atrons
"••Suitlie in abarscment of so~e water supply «e'!s. While rtsry of these situations are
related tc Improper disposal of hazardous wastes, the full magnitude of the proper. «-ll
not be known until the conclusion of national monitoring studies now 'n prog'ess. The
threat to ground water guaiity is one of the nest acute contemporary environmental pro-
Plems now facing the nation.
The drifting water program is responsible for protecting present and potential
sources of drmmng water, as well as for taxing an active oart in protecting ground wa:s-
throcsh tie Underground injection Control {'J'.C) prcgrar. The uIC program, has oeen r'or.
—
-------
In addition, EPA is inplemer.tirvs other ground water protection prograens, such as the
sole source aquifer prograrr. mandated by the SlJWA. The drinking water program is vorVJlng
with all JTn prxrans wtuch irpact ground water in order to improve coordination of
Federal and State programs to protect ground water quality. Ar. i.Tpor-tant goal is the
coori_-.ation of the many disparate prograxs and authorities -^-.ich function separately
to rieet scne part of the problem. SCKA, RCRA, CWA, FIFRA, and TSCA all contain authori-
ties related to scne aspect of the problan: regulating specific canta.-nination sources,
nomtoring, or technology- development.
Er.forcenerrt
For 1982, the highest priority of the drinking waster enforcement program -ill conti-
nue to be enforcement response in tsreraency situations presenting substantial endangermer.t
to public health and safety. Drmin.-vj Water li-.forcenent will focus or. support for en-
forcerent actions in ron-priracy States. 'JIC activities will increase with a reprogra.Ti-
~\mq of 21 woric/ears of effort frcn PVi'S enforcanent to the issuance of "JIC oerruts ani
enforcement activities. A total of 210 'JIC permits will tie issued in 1992. &iforc
-------
SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES
• • Su^nary of 3-jdcet Estimate
An appropriation of S87,566,100 is reauestec for 1961. This request, by appro-
priation account, is as follows:
Salaries and Expenses S24,-f£3. 9Q0
>!esearc*i and development $20,911,700
Abatement, Control an:: Conoliance $A2,390,500
This request represents an increase of S*.772,IOC. An increase of St.2 r\;' ' i3r.
will support aeveloprcent of sampling procedures and equipment for ground water analysis
as well as transport and fate studies of groundwater pollutants.
2. Changes frotr On qinal Sudqet Estinate
Charges fror. the Dudoet d'e as follows:
'in thousands of dollars;
Original 1=61 estimate $38,152
Congressional change:
Presidential $?- reduction -12c
Travel --3
Consultant Services -1S3
Abatement Control S Conp'.iance -2.3SO
Research ana Deve¦ ocment -1,3^3
ACP -132
SES -9
Academic Training -107
Proposes pay raise supplement,!' -277
Miscellaneous reprogracrr.ing -1.325
Current 19S1 estimate $82,?92
Marcn changes to budget:
Travel -59
Consulting Services -<55
Moratoriun on Procurement of Equipment... -1
Eauipment Costs -226
"tner Contractual Services -71
One Percent Transfer
increase to fund PC3 -223
Miscellaneous reprogracrnngs -»-*8
Current 19S1 estimate $32,292
!n accordance with 0MB bulletins, the *arcn 1981 changes are as follows: travel
:-S5S,2C0;; consultinc services ;-S45,100}; and, norator'ur. on orccuresieit of ejuipr,ert
i-Sl.000).
A one percent transfer authority decreases this media by $73,200.
DW-7
-------
Internal agency reprogrannings to fund PCS8 deficits are as follows: equipment
costs (-5225.700); contractual services (S70,~00); agencywide increases (¦~*232,700);
ana miscei ianeous reprogrammi ngs {-$200).
NALYSIS OF ^CREASES AND DECREASE TO OBLIGATTOSS
Current
Estimate
Estimati
1981
1932
, in tnousands
of dc" lars
Prior vear obligations
$82,392
$82,368
Effect of concressional chanaes
-4,316
...
Effect of March cnanges
Effect of -eprcgramnir.gs
-i 0??
Proposed oav raise supplemental
*277
Chance in amount of carryover fur.ds
availaale
-5,167
*525
Procram increase
~501
~4,773
Cnanae in rate of obligation
-9,951
~1.527
Tote' estimatec oblisations
(From new obligation authority)
(Fron prior year funds)
Congressional cnanges, reorograiani ngs, and the proposed pay raise supplemental
discussed in the previous section are expected tc result in a decrease of S5,315,000.
The amount of carryover funds to be ooligated in 1931 is $4,034,000, a decrease of
55,16",000 over the 1981 level, in 1982, it is estimated that $4,553,000 of carryover
funcs will oe obligated, an increase of S525.000 fror. tne 1981 level.
Tne 1931 increase in budget authority was previously estimated to increase ooiigat'ons
ov $501,000. in 1982, tne program increase is expected to result in increased ocl'jatiors
of S4,773,000. A cnange in the rate cf obligation is expected, thereby increasing obli-
gations by $9,951 ,000.
Purpose - s.esearcn and Development Procram
The 'esearcn and development effort provides scientific and technical information
re'ating to contaminants in crinking water. Research and evaluations are conducted
relating to: (1) the detection and characterication of harmful substances occurring in
crir.king water supplies; 2) the causes, diagnosis and prevention of diseases and other
adverse human health effects resulting directly or indirectly from those contaminants;
4; the proceaures 1 protocols for laboratory analysis and auality assurance of drinking
water -nomtoring samples; and 5) the characteristics of around water sources of drinking
water and the movement, fate and ecological effects of ground water contamination.
Purpose - Abatement and Control Program
The abatement anc control program provides for the protection of the public health
by assuring the safety of the Nation's drinking water supplies and underground sources
of drinking water. The quality of the drinking water is assured through the development
of prinary drinking water standards wnicn specify maxinum pemissiale levels of contami-
nants in drinking water and minimum .noritoring frequencies. In addition, secondary
drinking water standards which prescribe guidelines for the aesthetic quality of water
5^ ,363
i78,3341
(4,034)
.9j
(34,534)
DW-3
-------
nave teen developed ana minimum requirements for State public water systems supervision
and jnceraround injection ccntrol programs have been designed to protect the public
"ea'itn arc jnoergrour.c sources of crir^i-g water.
'he priority of the drinking water program is protecting the public froT har-iful
contaminants such as synthetic organ;: chemicals found in drinking water. Tc meet
tus noa', EPA is deve'ocmg and implementing standards and regulations tc protect tne
juol'c fror. lirafi' contaminants in drinking water, socn as snan-isaae organic cneri ca:
are rinsing their *a> mtc the nation's sources of :rm>,ir-g water »itr. inc'easift;
'••ejjenc...
Financial assistance is provided to those State that assume primary enforcement
resoonsibiIlty to help defray the increased adrainistrative cost associated with estab-
lishing and implementing programs wnich assure the safety of drinking water sources
and supplies. Tecnnical assistance is available to help States in the lr-.pier.entat'or
cf tneir -rogrjfs. However, direct Federal implementation of public water systems
and.'or underground injection control programs is required when a State is urwill'nc or
„r.;r' e tc issu^e p-imarv enfcceiert respons ibi l' tles for tie programs. The aoatement
arc ior.fc 1 prog.-ar is divided into the following activities:
Jr'teria, Standards anc Guidelines - This subactivity is related to tne :eve i csner:
of stsr.carcs ana regulations designed to control the quality of the r.atio-'s crir.cir.g
wata", to estiblisn r.imryjr recji "events for State enforcement of oubl'c water systems
supervision an-i yncerc-ound injection control programs and to deve'op guidance documents
to assure un'o—: i npl e:ient a 11 on of the Sa'e Drinking water Act. This activity a!sc
includes tie jeveloprent, review and assessment of mfomation or. health ef'ects,
occurrence, monitoring, anc cont-ol technology of hazardous substances sucn as toxic
cnemicals fron naturai and synthetic sources for the purpose of estaol ishinc or revising
on nary drinking water reou'.atlons and providing guidance cn unregulated contaminants
• n response to detected instances of contamination, economic analyses are oer?o~nec
tc determine tne cost and financial impact of all proposed reoulat ions. I*. addition,
Eri pro/ides national oversight and evaluations of trie public wate- systems, un(iercr0un3
injection and sole source aouifier programs.
State ^rocran Sescurce Asslstarce - 'hi; subactivity provides 'or 'mancia'. assis-
tive to support state activities in tne implementation of tne ouslic water s/Sten suce--
^•.sion anc underground injection control programs. In the vIC grant procran, snouic a
State fail to qualify for a grant, EF-A -lay use the grant funds to directly inclement a
program in that State. Financial assistance in the form of grants is also proviced to
State rural water associations wnich assist small rural drinking water suppliers in
complying with the primary dnnicing water regulations.
3rmmnc Water Management - This subactivity supports Federal implementation and
oversignt of tne public water systems and underground injection control programs. EPA
provides oversight and teennical assistance to those States witn primary enforcement
rescorsibi1ity and provides for full implementation activities on Indian lands and in
States unaole or unwilling to enforce such programs.
Other activities include managing the sole source aquifer progrjm, assisting -n
ground water contamination cases which threaten drinxing water sources and supplies, and
coordinating State implementation of water protection programs.
Purpose - Enforcement Program
The drinking water enforceirent program assures compliance with standards and
regulations established under the SOWA relating to public water system and underground
-------
injection operations. This entails initiation o' enforcement actions In response to
e^e'sency situations ;f recuirec, as *e! i as props', on of legal assistance anc oversijnt
tj states ««•>•. c»i nave •c.c'e-e-tec e'.'orcerent programs far ?*$ ani JlC stanoirss 1
rer?^ i at '.ons to ensure tnat tneir requirerents are adequately enforces. The enforcenent
proaran issues pemits in States, Territories, ar-o Indian iancJs which have not achievea
orrqran delegation.
0W-10
-------
rebecs" w?.tis
3u.-i.Tet Current Increase +
Actual Est irate F^rt irate Estirote Decrease -
1930 1dergrour>i Injection Control
crar.ts 41
Variances anl exenntions granted
by SPA in non-primacy States.. 1
Sole source aquifer petitions
receive 1 5
Sole source aquifer designations 3
Laboratories certified 46
&iforcenent actions 6
51
11 11 24 *13
57 57 57
150 20 15 -5
5 3 "* +4
3 3 ... -3
100* 60 60
40 23 10** -13
*I.Abs in non-pri.T»cy States.
••Includes canplianoe agreements and court cases.
DW- 1 0 A
Revised 3/26/81
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
LINKING WATER
Cr-te^a. Standards, and 2j
delines
Sudaet
Current
Increase *
Actual
Est imate
Est imate
Est ;mate
Decrease -
1980
1931
1981
19S2
iQaj vs> ig3/i
(do!1ars
in thousands!
' r- • o 3 fl ^
jj-de'ines;
Sa'anes and E*re"ses S4.521
<5,455
S5.29S
$5,619
-$32l
-.t?316**>snt. 2!*•£
Compl ?ance ^ .903
3,337
3.653
3,595
- 53
Total 9,424
9,295
8,956
9.214
~
ro
CO
5e—ianent 'ositions 91
100
95
96
1
r E;»i val encv 11'
'15
1 • ?
':«
3
"udcet ?epuest
7he igorcy '"Quests a total o' S5. 213,SCO. and 96 oer-ianert wc'kyears. an -ncecse
o' 5256.530 '••--> 1??'. 0' the totai, S5.5V5.000 will oe usee 'or Salar-es anc Expenses
>nd S3 .594 ,520 wi '' be used 'or "bate^ient, Control and Compliance. *"nese 'igures
re:-esent an increase of S320.500 'or Salaries srd Expenses and a decrease o*' $63,700 fcr
"bateT^nt, Control anc! Compliance. 'he program will 'ocus on controlling synthetic
or^an-.c and other toxic chemicals in dr-nxing water as a -leans of controlVng a sign-
ificant route of human exposure. As such, E°A will promulgate naximum contaminant
'evols !"Clz) 'or six to ten contaminants most freauently found in ground water, oversee
co'nrl iance with trihalo^ethane 'Twy? standards and expand its effort to -ssue 'of-nai
h»alth ?"?ct guidances for unregulated contaminants. Tnese 'unds will sucoort th»
Jevc' me it of comprehensive revi sed rr\i>arv drir.kino wate** r?ou' ations 'nclud'ng «CuS
'or "croo1 cl ocica' . *ncrQ2Pic. pesticide and '¦adionuc1. 'de contaminants, snd cor-^sicn
contr?' procedures; continuation of the r-rograrn to control iirect and incirect additives
to 2r-r>-na water; and national review of compliance end ;tid1 e^;ntat ion act tv ties of
roth the public water system sucervisior and the underground injection control programs.
^'"iori'si Oescript'on
The Safe 0r;nkirg Water Act (SOW'S; -eou'res c°A: 11 to net standards 'or drinking
water lual'tv which soeci'y iax:.na,n sens'ssible levels of contanination and *>in,'"cjn
•nc*1*tor*ng frequencies; 2* to protect sole or orinc'oal sources of drinir-n? water f"-on
contamination by Federally assisted projects, 31 to protect underground d-mking water
sources 'ro-n contamination through underground injection? 4) to establish rogulatory
programs for assuring compliance with these standards and criteria; 5) to ensure orooer
•mplorientation of these programs, either through oversight and technical assistance to
State programs or if necessary, through direct implementation; 6} to orovide
'inancial assistance to States in their implementation of programs; and 7) to better
understand the current state of drinking water quality by collecting and analyzing
• nt'crtnation about nationwide drinking water supplies and drinking water sources.
3W-11
-------
~ne drinking water program's principal regulatory •nechar.isr. is the National Prirnarv
D--r«.-n.T water Regulations (NP5W?*. These regulations sreci'v the saxi-sur1 permissible
'eveis of contamination that nay be oresent in drinking water to orctect public '•ealth,
considering economic feasibil ity. These maxisurs cor.ta-m.ant "evels iMCLs) have beers
establ'sned for bacteriological. •nicroD'cloaical, and radiological aual ity; and 'or
sceci f'c organic and morgan ic chemical contaminants. The NPDWPs also specify nonitoring
'••equencies and •nethods. Alternatively, treatment criteria nay be soeci fied which provide
effective general protection without specifying MCls for specific substances.
Interir 'riT.ary Ori"kino Water Peculations which cover a limited ru~«Ker o* bactcio-
* o c * c a' , turpicitv, inorganic chemical. pesticice and rad'onuclide contaminants have
peer ¦ r. e"*r*ect s•.nee 19". Asenanents were promulgated in 193C setting >C',s for trinalo-
•netianes "HVs' to ' unit the presence o* jnwar.tea sm'ectant by-products 'n dr-nk-nc
wate". Vax-nvj-i contaminant levels for six tc- ten additional -en--ade ccamc cKenicals
'•nostly carcinogenic) will be proposed in 1921. In '932, the priority wi1 * be the pro-
posal of revised primary drinking water Regulations including new contaminants of concern,
synthetic organic contaminants (mostly carcinogenic), and the reassessment of traditional
standards.
!i »"!»r tn suprort the problems o* soills and migration of hazardous wastes 'fits
ir'n^inn ar- sources E ^ - w 11 expand *ts capacitv to prr,y*de health effects cuidance
* S 0*1 * C'J S \ v i 16 d t 2T* " » S . S 'S 19C ? S S 5 *"y *. C 'SC**1
soonses to the growing nurier of ground water contamination instances be'ng detected.
',n addition, orograms to control direct and indirect additives tc drinking water will be
de.'eloued to lir.it these sources of harmful organic contaninants m dr'r.k'ng water.
"he S3«'*'s mandate fcr the program places primary -esoonfbil ity for "rp'enentat ion
ano enr'orce'nent of standards with the States. E3A regulations, which set m 1 n i -vj.m recu la-
ments 'o" States seeding delegation, are intended to oe reasonable and flexible in order
tc accommodate varying State and ioca 1 conditions.
In acdit'On to developing drinking water standards, the Criteria, Standards and
Guide'ir.es program is responsible for develooing the underground injectio" control ('j IC"
orcgram requirements to ensure that the underground sources of drinking water ars protec-
ted from contanination frcm injection wells.
"he 'JIC program cordIements the sole source apu'fer program. Section '-24'el of
tie SDWA provides for protection of aquifers designated as sole or or-ncral sources
cf jr-nt.-ng water by E°A. Any orpject receiving federal fin,jnc-al assistance may nave
these 'uncs denied *t is cetem-ned that the Project roses a sicri f'oant cortarvnat'or
threat to tne aquifer. EPS designated 3 sole source aquifers and expects 5 new oetifons
for designation to be reviewed in 1982.
DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 'NO REGULATIONS
1??0 Acco~plishrgnts
During 1930, obligations totalled $9,424,300, of which S4,521,303 was for the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation, and Sh.903,000 was for the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation. Significant strides have been achieved m the drinking water
orocram since the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations became effective
in 1977. In 1969, 64" of the 19.2C0 oubiic water systems met chemical and bacteriological
standards. Currently 36^ of the 62,000 community systems are in compliance. The organic
contamination proolem resulting in the formulation of tr'halomethanes, a human carcinogen,
was addressed by regulations which were promulgated in November 1979.
0W-12
-------
EPS continues to build a strong, cooperative relationship with its counterpart State
agencies. Forty-nine States have assumed primary enforcement responsibility for the
public water system supervision program.
E?A has increased its effort to reduce the number of violations which involve
immediate health threats: gastrointestinal illnesses, giardiasis, gastroenteritis and
other serious diseases. The majority of these violations occur among a small number of
systems. PA developed a Snail Systems Strategy which sets fcrth an action plan for
States to set priorities in dealing with systems out of compliance and to bring such
systems into compliance wherever feasible.
PA and the rood and D^ug Administration signed an agreensrt under w.ich EaA wil".
be -esoensibie for evaluating the safety of direct additives ! those mixed into the
water during treatment! and indirect additives (those which 'each into the water fron
ca*its and coatings used in pipes, storage tanks, etc.). E*A initiated a program
to examine the use and potential nealth risks of additives and their alternatives.
To further ground water protection and to set forth a coherent Agency olan of action,
£?A initiated the development of a ground water protection strategy. !n addition, the
Agency is working to marshal the authorities of all environmental statutes, including
RCRA and Suoerfund, into an integrated attack on the pollution of ground water. As an
integral part of this effort, the underground injection control regulations were
promulgated in June 1930. These regulations set forth mini nun reaui re">ents for State
programs to prevent injection through wells that endanger drinking water supplies.
These regulations will become effective in March 1981.
Other program accomplishments include the completion the study cf the react'on
of :hlorine and humic acids, and the effects of the resulting contaminants on tie public
health; national oversight of the implement ion of the public water system supervision
prooran through Regional and State evaluations; completion of the national study o'
the ground water contamination potential of surface impoundments; administration and
development of data management activities relating tc the public water system and under-
ground injection control programs; completion of public hearings on the underground
injection control regulations; and development of program guidance documents on program
implementation. In addition, devoted considerable attention to defending the TH*
regulation under court challenge by the American Water Works Association.
1981 'roaran
!r> 1991 the Agency has allocated a total of $8,956,'00 to this program, of which
$5,293,£00 is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,553,300 is 'or Abatement, Control ana
Compliance. The program focuses on the development of maximum contaminant levels 'or
soT.e of the most prevalent ground water contaminants, and the review of the basis 'or
some of tne traditional contaminants covered oy existing regulations. Concurrently,
guidance documents on unregulated contaminants will be developed to provide the States
with scientific advice to help deal with detected instances of contamination. Work is
being initiated to revise the drinking water standards on radiation. As part of this
effort a uranium criteria document is being developed, data on radiotoxicity cf radium
evaluated, existing policies will be reassessed and revisions to the drinking water
standards are in preparation. Extramural funds are providing assistance in performing
assessments of the occurrence of contaminants in drinking water, including a deteraination
of the acplicabi1ity of technology, costs and economic inpact of proposed regulations;
in maintaining data management activities, and in the development of technical guidance.
DW-13
-------
National activities relating to the public water system supervision program will
be directed at program oversight to ensjre that regions and States are implementinq
delegated srcgrans. Oversight and qui dance activities will emphasize addressing
r>oicom:l lance prob'ems. particularly in sma'l svstems. A cow?! 'ance strategy
wh'ch integrates oreviously issued policies relating to enforcement, nonccmmunity
and snail systems will be developed to integrate State compliance actions.
"o improve the Agency's ground water protection prog-ams, the proposed around water
protection strategy will be analyzed t view cf public comments and recomencat'ons
developed. 1 joint EPA-State ground water mor'tor-no survey 's being unperta^n to
detemme the presence of volatile and aromatic organic chemicals in drin^ng water
de"ved f-or ground water.
"he requirements of Underground Injection Control -emulations will Decode
elective in Varcn 1931. Guidance documents on £®A implementation of 'J IC rroarans
«n nonprimacy States and on Indian lands will be issued; primacy applications
for an estimated 11 States will be reviewed, data management systems will be
developed and administered; and a public awareness/participation program w11 be
initiated. The final -eport on the assessment of surface impoundments will be
coro ^st sd•
19:'! Explanation o* Chance from Budaet Estimate
The net decrease of S328.200 results from several actions, as follows:
Shpr-iy a'ter the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, "resident Carter trans." t-
ted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294*; these revisons -esu'tec
;n a decrease z' $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity is $25,800.
"he Congress reduced agencywide travel costs oy $250,000; a decrease of $*2,3C0
was applied to this acfvity.
The Congress reduced aaencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a decrease
cf $50,400 was applied to this activity.
- "he Ccngress applied a general reduction of S"*.5 mi'l'on to the Abatement.
Control anc Compliance appropriation, a decrease pf $80,100 was applied tc th's
act i vity.
- The Congress reduce-d agencyw~;de AD? services by $2 million; a decrease of
S?!,3C0 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $61,600 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental aporopr-at ion.
A t-ansfer of $23,300 was made to the radiation media in order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
- 0M8 Bulletin 181-7, January 24, 1931, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of SI,795,900 is
pe'nc used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (3C*8) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $5,900.
- 0*3 Bulletin <81-3, January 24, 1981, "Reductions n Fiscal Year 1921 Consul-
ting and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consul-
ting services; the reduction applied to this activity is $42,000 which is to
be rescinded.
DW-14
-------
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act. 1981. permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This
one percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from tie Research
and Development and the Abatement. Control and Conpliance appropriations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund DC&B deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity is $57,000.
Agencywide increases are reauired in order to fund the deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $15,000 from regulations, guidelines and policies/
hazardous waste.
"rans'er of S'9,500 tc D'-oc'-aT manaaenent to support participation in tie
jmversity of Southern Califorr.ia/Environnental Management Institute.
i9?2 J1 an
The Agency requests a total of 59,213,600 for this program, of which $5,519,000 is
fzr *he Salaries and Expenses appropropriation and $3,594,600 is for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. The Abatement, Control and Compliance funds will
be used to support development of regulations, and to conduct economic analysis of
regulations.
The drinking water program activities will focus on expanding public health pro-
tection. Efforts to control synthetic organic contaminants and other toxic contaminants
primarily found in underground drinking water sources w: 11 be continued. Maxinum cor-
ta-nnait levels 'or six to ten solvents will be promulgated. Rev'$82 9riT,ary Drinking
Water Regulations including the establishment of ^CLs for chloroform, turbidity,
'norganics and pesticides, organic chemicals and disirfectants, and corrosion control
radionuclides will be developed. In addition, 'n order to assist State and local
officials in deal ing with the growing incidences of detected contamination of drinking
wate-- sources, the program for providing guidance on health effects for unregulated
contaminants will be accelerated.
Studies and analyses to be conducted during 1932 include the completion of the
ground water monitoring survey directed at the evaluation of the occurrence of organic
contaminants in ground water, and evaluation and analysis of organic contaminants and
the development of additional VCLs if necessary, continued analysis of the causes of
grounc water contamination, and economic analysis in suooprt of regulation development.
In addition, EPA will continue implementation of the program to evaluate direct and
ind'"-pCt additives to drinking water. This will include promulgation of test protocols
to evaluate the toxicity of additives in drinking water and the periodic revision of
tnese protocols, issuance of new toxicological opinions and the review of oast Informal
toxicological ooinions, compilation and analyses of existing toxicological data, and
maintenance of an information retrieval system on various additives.
Guidance documents to promote conpliance with new standards such as the orcanics
MCLs will be preoared. Activities in the PWS program will include the continued review
of compliance and implementation activities of the public water system supervision
program which will include monitoring of State program grants. Other activities will
;ncl"ude monitoring of the Regional implementation of the small systems strategy to
increase compliance with the NPOWR, continued monitoring and technical ass^tance in
support of program regulation development activities, implementation of ~HM regulations,
and providing ADP support for data management.
OH-15
-------
In the Ground Water Protection program, major progran emphasis will be on Federal
•> *nr* er^entat ion of the underground injection confol program in nonorinacy States. E3-.,
however, will continue to promote delegation for the underground injection control
program. esti'nated n3 privacy aoplications will be reviewed, guidance on priority
activities to be included m 'JIC grants will be developed; national policy direction to
assist the Regions in addressing cnicue problems in non-cooperating UIC States cn 3
CJSe-5y-C3se basis *'11 be provided; and an evaluation of regional "tip1 e^ientaticn
activities on Indian lands and nonpr i.nacy States will be conducted. In addition, an
estimated five sole source aouifer petitions will be reviewed. Data management susoort
will continue to be provided. !r addition, coordination with other • ?& orograas which
cont-ibute to around *atc protection will be continued.
Change January ge;uest
The request 'e^resents a decrease of $652,500 and 13 pe*~nanent wckyears froc the
January "-eauest, of which $419,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $232,200 is fo r
Abatement, Control and Compliance. Promulgation of protocols for evaluating additives
and the subseauent issuance of tcxicological opinions will be delayed. Proposal of
Revised Primary Drinking Water Regulations will be delayed until early 1983. In addition,
cr-teria for consistent State ground water protection strategies will not be developed.
DW-16
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DRINKING WATER
State Program Resource Assistance
'.ppropri at ion
Pup11c Water Systems Supervision
Program Srants:
ADate^ient. Control
and Compi1ance
Actual
1980
Sudget
Est imate
1981
Current
E st Tnate
1981
Est imate
1982
(dollars ir. thousands)
S3C.770 $29,450 $29,450 $29,450
Increase *
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1931
Underground injection Control
Grants:
Abatement, Control
and Compliance 9,323 8,575 6,575 6,575
Scecial Studies, Demonstrations,
and Tracing:
Abatement. Ccntro!
and Conpl iaice '99 :.55Q 1 .657 1.500 -$157
Total:
Abatement, Control
and Cono!:ance...
41 ,401
39,575 37,532 37,525
-'57
Permanent Positions..
Ful1-tine Eouiva'encv
Sudcet Request
The Agency "-eouests a total of $37,524,500 in 1982 for Abatement, Control and Con-
trivance, 3 decrease of $156,800 fron '981. The request ;ncludes funds for continuation
of State public water system supervision program grants, for State underground injection
control grants, and for State rural water associations which provide assistance to small
systems.
Program Description
Under the Safe Orinking Water Act, (SDWA) the States are encouraged to assume primary
responsibility for implementing and enforcing the public water system supervision and
underground injection control regulations. In recognition of State financial needs in
implementing these regulatory reguiregents, grants are provided to support State programs
that meet minimum program requirenents designed to protect the oublic from potential health
threats caused by unsafe drinking water, and to protect underground sources of drinking
water from contamination resulting from underground injection practices. In both the
public water system supervision and underground injection control programs, only those
States which have assumed primary enforcement responsibility (primacy) for these programs
are eligible for grants. In the underground injection control program, should a State
not elect to assume primacy, EPA nay use the grant funds for its UIC implementation
activities which include permit review, on-site visits, data processing, etc.
DU-17
-------
rinancial assistance is extended to State ryral water associations to prpvide
additional assistance to small systems in their efforts to achieve compliance with
existing regulations covering the traditional drinking water contaminants-bacteria,
turbidity, ten inorganic contaminants, six pesticides and radiation.
Jl'BL!C WATER SVST£M SUPERVISION PROGRAM GP.ASTS
193C Ac;o"io'i shnents
!n 1990, the Agency obligated $30,779,400 for oubl^c water system supervision
grants. Grants were awarded to 49 States that had assumed primacy. The States used
these funds to establish, implement and maintain public water systems supervision
programs; imp'e'nent the trihalonethanes regulation, process compliance and monitoring
jata: enforce the National Interim 3<-
-------
1981 Prog-am
In 19S1, $6,574,500 is available to all 57 States and territories to assist them
in developing and administering their underground injection control programs. EPA
will use the funds earmarked for those States failing to participate and for Indian
lands to develop and implement a program. State activities that will lead to the
establishment of institutional and administrative frameworks for implementing primary
enforcement responsibi1ity for the program will be funded. While many States will be
pursuing the completion of the one-time data collection activities, the primary emphasis
will be on recruiting qualified personnel to enable State program Implementation,
developing permit procecures, increasing their data management capabilities, preparing
primacy applications and conducting public hearings on their proposed UIC program.
19S1 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The Congress reduced this activity by $2 million. The decrease will reduce the
level of State implementation estimated in the January reauest, since grant funding
primarily supports State personnel salaries. It is anticipated that there will be
delays in the issuance of UIC permits, and technical assistance to injection well
operations will be curtailed.
1962 Program
The Agency requests a total of $6,574,500 to support State or EPA implementation
of underground injection control programs. Both EPA and State activities will focus
on program implementation which will include such activities as review of permit
applications for new Class II wells and existing Class I, II, III wells; compliance
inspections on regulatory schemes; and regulation of a limited number of wells by
rule, etc. EPA will use part of these funds to collect and evaluate data necessary
for permit review, to conduct on-site technical reviews on injection facilities, and
to train State personnel.
Chanoe from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $2 million from the budget, all of which was
for "JIC grants.
SPECIAL STUDIES. DEMONSTRATIONS AND TRAINING
1980 Program
Grants totalling $798,700 were awarded in this program during 1980. Of this total,
$400,000 was awarded to State rural water assocations to maintain their current program
of providing technical assistance, training, and public awareness activities for owners/
operators of small rural water systems. Also, 104 fellowships and university grants
totalling $398,700 were awarded to increase State expertise relating to drinking water
and ground water technology and management.
1961 Program
A total of $1,656,800 supports the 1981 program. Of that amount, $1,550,00 main-
tains current rural water assistance programs in 24 States. In addition to continuing
technical assistance and training programs for local operators, interested citizens
and owners/operators of rural water systems, the associations will focus on compliance
problems of small systems. The remaining $106,800 was used to support academic train-
ing.
DW-19
-------
1931 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The Congress increased the Abatement, Control and Comoliance appropriation by $1
million to support academic training. An increase of $106,300 was applied to this ac-
tivity.
193? Program
The Agency recuests a total of $1,500,000 for 1982 to fund programs in 23 State rural
water associations, a decrease of $156,800 from 1981. Technical assistance in the 'orm
of workshops, printed material, training programs, '•eporting systems, and coordination
w'th other ^ural programs will emphasize methods by which the small systems may achieve
compliance with standards for the traditional contaminants found -n drinking water e.g..
bacte^'a, tyroiditv, and inorganic chemicals.
Change from January Request
There is no change 'rora the January budget.
DW-2G
-------
WINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
Actual
1980
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
Increase
Decrease
1982 vs. 1'
dollars in
tnousancs>
Appropriation
Public Water Systems:
Salaries ana Expenses
Abatenent, Control and
Compliance
55,702
936
56,199
1 ,208
$5,131
1,125
$5,482
937
-$
649
188
Underground Injection
Control;
Salaries and Expenses
Abatenent, Control and
Compliance
1,137
72
2.383
35
1,826
35
3,823
35
~ 1
,997
Total
Salaries and Expenses
Abatenent, Control and
Compliance
6,839
1,008
8,582
1.243
7,957
1,160
9,305
972
~ 1
,348
188
Grand Total
7,847
9,825
9,117
10,27?
* 1
,160
Permanent Positions
Public water Systems
Underground Injection
Control
197
43
209
61
190
56
157
82
+•
33
26
"otal
237
270
246
239
-
7
Full-time tauivalency
Public water Systems.....
Underground Injection
Control
216
42
232
67
214
62
179
111
35
49
Total 253 299 2 76 290 ~ 14
Budoet Request
The Agency requests a total of S10.2??,100 for 1982, an increase of SI,160,600 from
1981, Included tn tnfs total are $9,305,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $971,400
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The figures represent an Increase of $1,349,300
ana a decrease of $188,700 respectively. The Increase Is for regional activities in the
ground water protection program rfiich *111 focus on encouraging State assumption of
primary enforcement responsibility for the underground injection control program as well
as fulfilling EPA1s implementation responsibilities for the program.
Drinking Water Management-Public Water Systems activities performed in the regions
will emphasize compliance Kith existing and new standards. The regions provide limited
technical assistance to States In implementing the THM regulations and in applying the
small systems strategy to increase compliance by the small systems with traditional
standards, e.g., turbidity, bacteria, inorganic chemicals.
0W-21
-------
DRISXING WATER MANAGEMENT - PUBLIC WATE1 SYSTEM SUPERVISION
1930 Accomplishments
During 1930 a total of S6,638,600 was obligated of which $936,400 was used for
extramural purposes. EPA successfully worked to assist five States to assume primary
enforcement responsibility, thus making e total of <9 primacy States. EPA also
inplercentefl a program in 8 States and on 25 Indian lanos. The Regions worked with the
States to promote compliance with the existing standards. Examples of region-specific
activities incluaec assistance in the Bucks and Montgomery Counties (PA) emergencies
involving tr'chloroethylene, investigating anc providing advice to tne States on the
leaching of tetrachioroethylene from vinyl lined pipes, and tecnnical assistance in the
Manassas/Fredericksburg (VA) oil spill which threatened local drinking water supplies.
1981 Prooram
The Agency has been allocated a total of $7,255,700 of which $6,130,600 is for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,125,100 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Two additional States and territories are expected to achieve
primacy for the oublic water system supervision program, for a total of 51; the Regions
wi1' continue to implement programs in the remaining 6 States and on Indian lands.
Because most States have achieved primacy, program emphasis shifted fron program
implementation in non-primacy States to oversight of program implementation in primacy
States to ensure full compliance with the requirements of the SDWA. The regions will
continue to provide guidance and technical assistance to the States in implementing the
"HM anc other standards, will ensure that necessary revisions are made by the States to
tneir legislation and regulations to meet the new requi rements, and will conduct
evaluations of State programs. In non-primacy States and Indian lanos. EPA Regions will
include the conduct of sanitary surveys. Issuance of public notifications for violations
of the priory drinking water regulations; recordkeeping; data management and the review
of exemption requests. Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation funds will support
these activities 1n the non-prlnacy States and Indian lands.
19S1 Explanation of Chanae from Budcet Estimate
The net decrease of $151,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Oocument 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity Is $38,200.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $12,300
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $64,200 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000;
a decrease of $4,800 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $90,400 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and Is included 1n a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted In a net transfer of $265,900; to stationary source enforcement ($28,400);
to State programs regulations and guidelines ($51,800); to ocean disposal permits
OW-22
-------
($34,500); to environmental emergency response and prevention ($22,200); to
municipal waste treatment facility construction ($102,400); to waste treatment
operations and maintenance ($3,000); to Hater Quality manpower planning and
training ($4,100); to regional counsel (S3,7001 ; to Hater Quality permit issuance
($300); to drinking water enforcement ($23,600); to hazardous waste management
regulatory strategy implementation ($16,400) and to pesticides use management
(56,100), and from UIC Program ($23,100); and from regional management ($7,500),
- Transfer $20,000 to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites to realign contract funds.
- Transfer $32,000 from ambient air quality monitoring to realign contract funds.
- Transfer $5,200 to State programs and guidelines to fund the intragency agreement
for a Soil Conservation expert,
- Transfer $125,800 front underground injection control program to cover necessary
lab support contracts.
- Transfer $73,200 to toxic substances enforcement for PCB compliance inspections
and PCB and asbestos lab analysis.
- 3MB Bulletin #31-7, Januray 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywiae reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used
to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity is $32,700,
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs Is being made
in order to fund PC4B oeficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $10,000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $3,600.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This
one percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from the Research
and Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance approprlations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation 1n order to fund PC4B deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity 1s $16,200.
. Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $146,800.
1932 Procram
The Agency requests a total of $6,419,300 of which $5,482,400 will be used for
Salaries and Expenses and $936,900 will be used for Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance. The Abatement, Control and Compliance funds will be used to support regional
efforts in training, general program augmentation and activities in non-primacy States
and on Indian lands. A0P funds totalling $415,800 will be used for operation of MS 1S
and to enter annual Reporting Data Into the Federal Reporting Data System. Regional
oversight and the capacity to provide technical assistance to states 1n emergency
situations will be reduced, 1n FY 82. Regional efforts will be directed to assisting
States 1n incorporating the requirements of the TNM regulations and implementing the
national strategy to maximize small sytems' compliance.
DW-23
-------
Activities In non-primacy States and on Indian lands will Include the establishment
of a cooperative effort with the Indian Health Service to develop a coordinated surveil-
lance program to meet monitoring and reporting requirements of the Safe Drinking Water
Act. The regions will also conduct sanitary surveys; maintain an inventory of systems
and catalogue of compliance standings; issue notices of violations of MCLs and nonitoring
re^uirements; establish an emergency response plan; and follow up activities for HCL
violations. In non-primacy States, the regions plan to emphasize the surveillance and
compliance portions of the public water system supervision program which will Include
the conduct of sanitary surveys; issuance of public notices for MCL violations and of
monitoring and reporting retirements. Also, regional staffs will begin (implementing
the 7H* regulations and proviae technical advice and input for emergencies involving
water supplies.
Chance fron January Request
The latest request represents a decrease of $604,000 and 20 permanent workyears from
the January request, of which $513,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $90,i00 is for
Abatement, Control and Compliance. These decreases will primarily affect regional
oversight of primacy States' programs to assure consistent compliance with standards and
regulations, with some reduction in the Federal administration of the program in non-
primacy States and Indian lands. Specifically, regional evaluations of priiriacy State
programs will be curtailed in 1982, and some technical assistance to these States will be
deferred.
DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT - UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM (UIC)
1980 Accomplishments
During 1980, a total of $1,209,800 was obligated, of irfiich $71,600 was used for
extramural purooses. In 1980, the progrim vigorously encouraged State assumption of
primary responsibility for the implementation and enforcement of underground injection
control prog-ams. Priority was given to regional efforts directed at assisting States
in builoing and expanding their existing institutional framework for the regulation of
underground injection. Accomplishments Included the completion of the assessment of
surface impoundments; awards of grants to States (or EPA use of funds in those State not
electing to receive grants); and review of five petitions for the designations of sole
source aquifers. For those States in which EPA used tne 'JIC grant funds to initiate
program activities, (because the State declined to take a grant), contracts and/or grants
were awarded to initiate the inventory of injection facilities and identification of
exempted aquifers.
1981 Program
In 1981, a total of $1,860,600 has been allocated for this program, of which
$1,825,800 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $35,000 is for Abatement, Control and
Canpliance. EPA will oe working with the States in their assumption of primary
enforcement responsibility (primacy) and expects to delegate primacy to 11 States during
1981. The regions will continue to provide assistance in developing programs to the
remaining States that are working toward primacy. General ground water protection
assistance such as emergency response, advice on ground water contamination problems,
consultation on the implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and
review of Environmental Impact Statements will be provided. In addition, the regions
will administer the UIC grant program and continue to develop and implement programs in
non-primacy States and on Indian lands. In the sole source aquifer program, five petitions
for sole source designations are being evaluated and the Regions will hold public hearings
prior to the designation of three aquifers.
DW-2d
-------
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $557,103 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1 SSI budget estimate was submitted , 3reslcent Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Oocjnent 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $11,300.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $350,000, a decrease of $5,900
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S2.S million; a decrease
of $31,100 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of S26.800 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is induced in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
Reprogranmings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
In a net transfer of $143,800; to public systems supervision program assistance
S23.100); to drinking water enforcement ($47,700); to regional counsel
S30.100); to pesticides enforcement ($68,100); to water quality manpower planning
and training ($13,100); to radiation program implementation ($1,600); to EIS
review-air ($22,200); and to EIS review-water quality ($12,400); and from hazar-
dous waste management regulatory strategy implementation ;SI I.SCO); nazardous
waste enforcetnent [$23,300); and from regional management ($39,400).
- Reprogramings of $15,000 to provide for the printing of EIS statements resulted
in transfers to NEPA compliance-municipal waste facility construction ($10,000),
and to SE°A conpl iance/ElS preparation-new source discharge ($5,000).
- Recrogramnings of $16,800 to provide support to the hazardous material emergency
response program resulted in a transfer to environmental emergency response and
prevention.
- Reprogramnings of $65,100 to cover basic operating costs of ADP Support to the
Central Regional Lab resulted in a transfer to quality monitoring.
- Reprogra-Tnings of $72,300 to cover travel costs resulted in a transfer to municipal
waste treatment facility construction.
- Reprogramralngs of $35,900 to cover fixed operating costs of regional lab support
resulted in a transfer to water quality enforcement.
- Reprogra.mmi ngs of $49,700 to cover required printing of EIS report resulted on a
transfer to SEPA compliance-municipal waste facility construction.
- Reprogrammings of $125,800 to cover necessary lab support contracts resulted In a
transfer to public systems supervision program assistance.
- 0H9 Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywioe reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used
to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC48) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity is $4,700.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorii/n on Proccurement of Certain Equip-
ment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000
is being used to fur.d PCAB deficits. The reduction applied to this actlvitv is
$12,100.
DW-25
-------
- Agencywide increases are required In order to fund the ?CS8 deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $7,600.
)Q£2 BrocrjT
The Agency requests a total of S3,35?,600 for 1982 of wnich S3,823,300 is for Salaries
aid Expenses and $3^,500 is for Abateent, Control and Conp] lance. The protection of
underground drinking water sources from contamination resulting f*on improper injection
practices will be a hign Agency priority. In the underground infection control program,
progra* delegations to the States will be pursued. cPA will continue to work with
cooperating States by reviewing the adequacy of existing programs, legislation and
regulations and by providing assistance in emergency responses In an effort to promote
delegation of the program in the future. The regions will implement programs on Indian
lands and in all States that were unwilling or unable to assume primacy. In non-pr1macy
States and on Indian lands, EPA will (1) prescribe Individual programs taking into
consideration any existing programs, geologic and hydrologlc conditions; (2) review
permits for Class II wells; (3) issue violation notifications; and (4) evaluate Class I
(waste disposal). Class !! (oil and gas production and storage) and Class 111 (mining
and special process) injection wells.
The regions will provide the leadership 1n coordinating the implementation of
various EPA prograns affecting ground water and for working closely with the States in
this effort.
Chance from January Request
The request represents a decrease of 52,600 in Salaries and Expenses from the January
request which results in a decrease of travel resources for 1982.
DK-26
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
DRINKING MATER
Drinking Mater Enforcement
Actual
1980
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
19S2
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
Aporspri aticr.
Expenses.
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
dollars in
thousands)
S655
47
$755
Q
$794
S938
*$144
Total
702
764
794
938
-144
Pemanent Positions
18
28
26
28
~2
Full-time Eauivalencv
23
32
31
31
...
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 5933,200 for 1932, an increase of $144,200 from
1981. TVs total is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 28 permanent
positions requested for 1932 reflects an increase of two positions.
Program Description
The Safe Drinking Water Act(SDWA) of 1974, as amended, provides the statutory re-
quirements for a Federal/State drinking water program. "Hie Act ensures the safety of
drinking water through two mechanisms: the establ 1 shment and enforcement of Primary
Drinking Water Regulations, which specify the maximum allowable levels of drinking
water contaminants, and Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulations for protection
of underground drinking water supplies.
The SOWA provides for State assumption of the drinking water program, and requires
EPA to implement the program in States that have not been delegated enforcement respon-
sibility. The Public Water System (pWS) program encompasses the following enforcement
activities: investigate violations and take legal action against violators of the
Primary Drinking Hater Regulations in primacy States which request such assistance and
in all non-primacy areas; review variances and exemptions granted by primacy States to
assure compliance with the regulations; issue variances and exemptions in non-primacy
areas; and where necessary initiate emergency enforcement actions.
The UIC program requires that EPA designate States which can assure the UIC pro-
gram. It is projected that all programs will be delegated to the States by 1985.
Enforcement program activities will include approval of the enforcement sections of
primacy applications for State UIC programs, issuance of UIC permits in non-primacy
states, preparation for implementation of UIC permits, investigations and initiation
of enforcement actions against violators of the regulations and response to emergencies
when necessary.
DW-27
-------
'930 AccctcI shments
!n 1990, a total of $702,500 was obligated of which $655,400 was used for Salaries
and Expenses and $47,100 for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation. Included in this amount was S10.000 for purchase of a mobile
microbiologic laboratory to support investigations where long travel time prevents
,microbiologic samples from reaching the regular laboratory within the recommended
holding time.
During 1980, six civil actions for violations of the SOWfl were initiated by the
Agency. Three of these actions were subsequently referred to the Department of Justice
POJ) for filing and prosecution. The remaining three actions are presently under re-
view at headauarters prior to being forwarded to D0J. These actions represent a
s'oi: f-.cant increase from the 2 cases initiated in 19and indicate that the Regions
will low use the judicial enforcement option ir. cases that cannct be --esolved adminis-
tratively.
Drinking water enforcement activities also included oversight responsibility in
49 ornwcy States and territories, enforcement responsibility in 8 non-primacy States
and territories and review of the enforcement aspects of 2 State primacy applications.
!n addition, an overall enforcement strategy for PWS was developed, implementation of
the strategy begins in 1981.
19S1 Procrai
In 1981, the Agency has allocated $794,000 to this program, all of which is for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
During 1991, the highest priority of the drink'ng water enforcement program is
response to emergency drinking water situations that involve imminent and substantial
hazards to public health and safety. Drinking water enforcement is also focusing on
two programs: PWS implementation and UIC. For the PWS implementation program, activi-
ties will include review of and assistance to drinking water enforcement programs in
primacy States, providing legal support for variance and exemption activities in non-
primacy States, support for the initiation of 23 new enforcement actions, and continued
support for enforcement proceedings initiated in 1980. Activities will also include
issuance of Notices of Violation to prinacy States that have not adequately enforced
provisions of the Act. Implementation of the UIC program will begin in 1981. The
implementation plan includes legal and technical support for review of and assistance
to 11 States by the end of 1981, as well as compliance monitoring and enforcement
activities in non-primacy States. If necessary, a limited number of UIC permits will
be issued by E?A in non-primacy States.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net Increase of $29,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted
In a decrease of $7 million of EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity is $4,900.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of $1,800
was applied to this activity.
The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000;
a decrease of $4,100 was applied to this activity.
DW-28
-------
- An increase of $12,100 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammi rigs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs re-
sulted in a net transfer of $62,600 from underground injection control program
support (S47.300); from hazardous waste permit issuance ($4,400); from hazardous
waste enforcement ($10,000); from public systems supervision program assistance
($23,600); from financial management ($6,700); and to water quality environmen-
tal emergency response and prevention ($29,900).
- A transfe" of $9,300 to toxic substances enforcement for PCS compliance inspec-
tion and °CB and asbestos lab analysis.
- CM6 Bulletin #31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", re-
ouired agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (°CSB) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $5,900.
- 0ME Bulletin #31-9, January 30, 1931, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction
of $421,000 is being used to fund "CS8 deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity 1s $1,000.
- An inte-nal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services
is being made in order to fund PC&B deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $400.
- Agencywide reprogranmi nas are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
decrease applied to this activity is $22,100.
- A transfer of $4,300 from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites to support the
Office of Enforcement PCSB realignments.
1982 °lan
!n 1982, the Agency requests a total of $933,200 for this program, all of which is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The request for 28 permanent workyears,
represents an increase of two workyears. During 1982, the highest priority of the
drinking water enforcement program will continue to be in response to emergency drinking
water situations that involve imminent and substantial hazards to public health and
safety. Drinking Water Enforcement will continue to focus on two programs: PWS and
UlC. PWS activities will focus on support for enforcement actions in non-primacy
States. UIC activities will Increase with a reprograrml ng of 21 workyears of effort
from °WS enforcement activities to the issuance of UIC permits. A total of 210 UIC
permits will be Issued in 1982.
Enforcement program activities for 1982 will also Include review and approval of
the enforcement sections of primacy applications for both PWS and UIC programs and
review of and assistance to UIC enforcement programs in delegated States.
Chanoe from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $32,700 from the January budget, all of which
is for salaries and expenses.
DW-29
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
D>":
1C"" - Ncn-
Energy
Sucget
Current
Increase'
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Estinate
Dec-ease
* 2 2*
1931 *
19S1
19£2
j Q £ 7 v S . i
,OC'la<-s :r.
thousand s;
1^7'",?'" ?,*. icn
~ tz'~: zz'-. s _; a; S3"
Salcfes and Expenses
S22^
S23H
$221
S240
-1 *
Research and C-eveiocwent
•5
14
54
14
...
vCr," tor •, TC S \ Stir.-
arc .Lel-ty Assurance:
Salar-!es and Expenses
760
b 75
£
1 ^ 7
1 ,U ' '
-219
Research and Development......
423
433
3ie
720
-402
e a 1r £ * *' ec *. s;
Si'a-ies a-c Expenses
2.71?
3,054
2,S9c
3.007
-ill
Research and Development
£.624
9.38C
i'jiz
£,711
•469
*m-i'•omenta! En~"neer:nc
aoc Tec^clogy:
Salar-es and Expenses
2.958
2, vt:6
3,25 =
-39°
Research and Development.
3.955
Q ??)
8.4"*
- 7*5G
- ~*Z 1
Erv-rorr.enta! ^••zzessez
ana Ejects:
Salaries and Expenses
736
799
:l-48
1 .222
«-2M
Research and Development
120"
1 T21
!r"2r'
, ,, ,
- ^ * * 7
""c* 21 ;
Sc'anes arc Expenses
s,ac7
7.924
" .6 ?9
5.SOI
Research and Development......
16.211
20,759
1£ ,6c 5
2C.912
-2.24:
"cti!;
Researcn arc E'evelopneni
:s,oi£
23.693
26.344
29,713
*2,3c&
"¦err.anem 5cs •• ons
Technical lr-;r.T^;:or
and Lia:sor
3
4
4
4
...
•torn:or'nc Systems
and Quality Assurance
17
16
16
17
Hs/j*• h :f*ec
5S
52
* £
46
...
lr. v »•:cental Enci neeri ng
anc ~ ecnrelosy
4£
62
0"J
60
«..
Ervronmentd; Processes.....*
17
19
19
24
~5
14 2
1 r3
* *;
i ~ -
QW-31
-------
*ct ja^
£s *.: ™ic tt
'o?*
increase-
Estimate Decrease-
*'~'z2 *9S'2 vs. :S
*s ;r tfjcysancs;
- • • * - *¦ * r^.c * c - *'.' 2 - f* r C v
.-'cr.-.'ccT "rfs-.T.i--.c"r
anc l"a .son
"on'torvig Systems
and Quality Assurance...
^ e a 11 h E*'feet3
•nvror,re-:5i Enc'r.eer-nc
¦ire. *<;cf".nc'Oxv
^r\v*fo^T-grtc* ^roc°£5£S.»«
?1
S3
€1
20
72
20
c7
j a
•wjnuary 198C ?resicen:'s 3ucget as adjusted by the OR? restructjr'.rc.
R6C'JGSt
"he Aaencv reouests a total of S29.712.70C anc 151 semanent workyears for tnis
srocrar :f which Sfc.£C 1,0CC is fo- ".he Sa'anes anc Expenses approoriati or. ant; S20.911 ,?CC
•s •?' the Research anc Devel cement appropriation. Th , the P.esearcr Hiar>' -ohts, technical mfcrnation plans anc guidance
anc etner gener^; C3cjnents of interest to tne environmental decsion marine cctntnumty.
i: also provicec the Office of Research anc Development 'CRD; with infor-.at'on systems
necessary to effectively plan and manage its research projects and resources. Specific
accoup1ishnents m the area of Drinking Water included:
- "he creoaraticn, put! icatior.. anc dissemination of two reports:
o :>rescr-fced ^r-ceoures fc "easurenent c- P.acioacf. vity in Drinking Water, ar.d
o Treatment for 2or.trcl of 'rinai cnenthanes m Drinking Water.
DW-32
-------
"he conduct of a conference in v.av c* '.?c0, or. Corrosion Control in Wate- Di str-.-
b„tion Systems.
*re Rec'cnal Ser.'ice: Sta^f prpvicer fcr effective camr.'-n;cations between CRC an; tre
regions. Specifically, tnev:
- Developed anc implemented the Regional Support Management Information System.
Carried out regional lia'son activities to promise technical assistance.
Ccnoucted OPC/Segicnal Senior Staff Meetings.
-dv^sed Or.O or. all aspects of regional operations.
"re "ecnncal :rfcrr.a:*.cr. anc .-aisor activities nelred enable CRC tc cornericate
'ts -esearch information to E?"s regional o-'-'ces anc tc the environmental dec'picr
snaUnc community. Further, they assisteo in making oetter coordination between 0?.D anc
the rcg-cns possible, allowing each to meet the needs cf the Agency and the public more
?f*T;-ent'y.
iggl pr^gr3;H
!r *931 , the Agency has allocated a total of $225,600 and 4 permanent workyears tc
this sub-program, of *hicr. $221,200 is fcr the Salaries ana Expenses Appropriation ar.c
S1-.40C is for extradural purposes unoer the Research anc Develoomert Appropriation.
*ris part of the program is providing various research program, anc! project stannaries,
decision series documents, and technology transfer publications tc meet Research Committee
r?ou ""c-ments. "Technical Information Plans, listing the explicit information products tor
tr.-s research ef'pr- r.ave Peer prepared. Throughout the year, support will be prcvioec
tc. le.c-lcp tf-ese 1 nfcrnation p-oducts and to sistribute them to the appreciate users.
Support : s also being provides tc manage information systems which tract. CP.O's research
prefects and resources.
US', the p-pg'-a-. will:
Continue the regional Support (Management Infcmat icr. System.
Concuct ORC/Pegior.al Senior Staff Meetings and other liaison activities to provide
technical ass'stance. These will incljce preparing reports, conducting special
staf" and pol'cy stucies, developing regional problem staterients, anc identifying
research anc technical assistance retirements.
- Develop and implement a process tc address the research needs of state and locai
governments in the OfiD planning process.
1 ?. 1 Zxtlanatior ?f Chance frcj Suooet Estimate
The net decrease cf $16,700 results from several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the 1SS2 budget estimate was submitted, ^resident Carter transnittec
revisions to the bucget Incuse Document ?6-2?4;; these revisions resultec in a
decrease of S~ million to E*A's reauest for Salaries and Expenses. The reductior.
applied to this activity is SI,400.
- An increase of $2,700 results from the cost of tne October 19S0 pay raise anc in
included m a proccsed supplemental ipprcpnat 1 on.
-------
- C-2 Su'i'stm #81-?, Jinucv 32, ^S-, ""sra-.C"^ " 5-ct'jrer.er-t of le-tam
Ecu--Tw-.t*, -eqaired asencywiae 'eductions tc esuimen:; tne total recu:::sn of
sisi ,000 is seino wsesf tc fjnc PCit eeficus. Tnt reaycfon apd led tc this
ict*v•*->• ¦ s s:\ccc.
Agencvwide increases art recuiroc m order to *und the 5CS£ deficits; tne increase
jc;!'ec tc this activity is S£,j00.
T>"cnsfe'" of S/.00C '*"0" r'ocram management in order to realign POSE costs witnm
tie Cf'ice Research 2evt-lox.ent.
T?iZ Hjr
~ne '-zer.cy reauests 3 total if S25-.0C0 anc - remanent nwicyears for this sud-crsgrar,,
of wr«ch $239 ,-J00 is tor the Salaries an; Excesses Appropriation and S14,4CC is fo»* e*tr«-
w.'-al purposes unaer the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase c* S1S.4C0 in technical information services.
Specific activities planned for 1522:
- ~he development and prssucfon o' technical infernation products to insure that
research information is properly ar.c aoequately cosiwunicateo to the environmental
cec-sicn-making cofftnynity,
- Specific products planned by tne appropriate Research Ceamittee will oe developed.
- Sucoo-t to managing systems which track CRD's research projects and resources wi1!
be prev) cstribution
of 10,000 quality control check samples; and (c) formal inter latsoratory method
validation stjdies conducted for organic conrounds in the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SOWA) regulations.
DW-34
-------
A repository *'or t:\ic i:~c. n2ra.rcc"> re'e^ence natenals was estobl l shod.
- *wert>-tvc j"terr-its tsit p^vtepu-es irr-'cifc: xe*-e cccessec.
LiPcratcry certi''patior act'ons were completed for Secions, II, VI, VII anc
'¦?"! •'r;cr,i-
I' 193', tie Agency nas allocated a total of Si,1.";,900 arc lc peTianert «cr>year;
tp this sue— program, cf »r,icn SS57,?00 is for the Sa'aries ana Expenses Appropriation and
S21£,000 is tor extramural purposes jnCjer the Research and Oeveopnent Appropriation.
itancarP sa-p-les ar.p reference materials are being distributee to wate- sosr^y
"aoc-atc-ies.
Vethcas validation and performance evaluation studies *cr E?A, State and local
I aborato'-ies are Ceinc conducted.
Sampling arc analytical nethodoloey and auality contrcl guidelines ana manuals
tc support the Agency's >'nkinc water ^rcgram are being developed.
- On-site evaluations are being conducted for three Regional Surveillance and
Analysis Laboratories for certification as water supply laboratories.
Quality control aid per* pmance evaluation samples for the water supply
labcratcry certification croc-am are Being produced and distributed.
- ^ethcds validation stucies are being conducted for organic compounds 'n supper:
of the SD*A regulations.
l-.-I ix: 1 anat ¦ .?r. cf Cnance frpT. E.„dcet Estimate
'he net decrease of 5131,900 results from several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the 1?S; bucget estimate was submitted, president Ca-ter t-ens.-T.itte:
rev'si:is tc tne Duscet '.'-cuie Ooc-P.ent 5»-2i"4;; these revisions resul tec in a
decease o* I' nil lie tc E°A's recuest for Salaries anc Expenses. The repucfor
appiiec tc tnis activity is Si,ICC.
Ar. increase cf 5?,500 results froir- the cost if the Octose*" :9?0 pay raise anc 's
induced ir. c r-o;psec suppler«r.ta 1 appropriation.
A transfer of S12C.70C tc solid waste ncnitoring and quality assurance/unccntrc11ec
sues tc support efforts m Love Canal.
An mte-na"; agency>,ice reduction cf $6,550,000 tc eau'proent ccsts is being nad-
ir ccer tc fjrc PZ&t ae*ic;ts; the reeuction applied tc this activity is SI5.6CC.
1901 °1an
"ne Agency recuests a tcta: cf $1,790,900 and '7 permanent workvears for this sub-
rr-grar, whipr. SI ,DT',400 is 'cr the Salaries anc Expenses Appropriation ar.c S72C.5CO
i: f cr ext-anu-al purposes uncer ---e Research anc Development A: propri at ion.
Tnis -eflects an increase of S522.00C. This increase will accelerate the development
o4 sampling procedures and eauipnent for grounowater analysis and augment the development
o* p-ocecu-es to docu-rent pollutant concentration anc migration in drinking water sources.
Dh-35
-------
Drccedures for neasuroment of radionuclides in drinking water will be evaluted
and improves.
alternative nena-ane 'i'ter nedia n-ill De developed for the analysis of total
iciiforns in pus Sic drinking water supplies.
- Sample holding tiries will be evaluated for .¦mcrceiological analyses of public
Grir.cm; water supplies.
Deficiencies
-------
HEALTH E"ECTS
1930 Accordiisnments
In 1930, the Agency used a total of $11,342.700 for this sub-progran, af wnich
$2,719,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $3,623,700 was for extramural research
activities.
- The data frorc two clinical studies of humans were found to indicate that the
ingestion of as few as ten virus particles caused infections in a significant
portion of the exposed population. Similar studies of pigs indicated that infec-
tion nay also occur wnen lower numbers of viruses are fed to pigs over a longer
period of tine. These data may be important in determining the role of disinfec-
tion in the drinking water treatment process and in developing potable reuse
treatrnent criteria.
- An epidemiological study found a statistically significant correlation between
water chlorination and cancer m the gastrointestinal ana urinary tracts. This
finding will be useful in reevaluating water treatment processes, particularly
chlorination.
- The first conference on algal toxin successfully brought together world scientists
for the exchange of information and ideas, and for discussion of problems encoun-
tered in case studies and laboratory research. The conference was extremely
useful in conveying EPA's expertise, e.g., the States of Pennsylvania and South
Dakota requested assistance in Investigating such Illnesses.
- Several waterborne disease outbreaks were investigated for municipalities and the
causative agents were sucessfully isolated. Appropriate improvements were also
recommended to alleviate the problem.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $11,138,600 and 46 permanent worxyears
to this sub-program, of wnich $2,896,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $8,242,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Healtn effects research on drinking water continues to focus on organic contaminants
and is concentrated on carcinogens. Epidemiological, chemical, and toxlcologica1 data
will be used by the Agency to provide guidelines for setting preliminary limits for
selected chemicals that are known to be carcinogens and/or toxic. The results of chemical
analyses and biological screen1r,g tests will potentially provide the data base for the
establisnrnent of maxinum contaminant levels of several widely occurring carcinogens in
drinking water.
Screening tests based upon mutagenic effects are being developed to predict carcino-
genic activity for various organics found in drinking water at very low levels [i.e.,
part per billion). These tests supplement the current bloassay tests which have limita-
tions. Development methods devoted to the preparation of organic concentrates and iaenti-
fication of biologically active fractions will continue. Key compounds such as benzene;
2,4, dicnlorophenol and 1,1-dichloroethylene will be the subject of long-term toxicologic
study to ceterrr.ine the carcinogenic risk of these organic contaminants.
Research on the health effects of Inorganic contaminants in drinking water includes
epidemiological studies to establish the relationship of hypertension to sodium and barium
level in drinking water and the relationship of heart attack rates to magnesium levels in
drinking water. Also, the effects of using home water softeners are being examined since
many of these devices increase the level of sodium. Toxlcological studies on the Impact
of various combinations of calcium, magnesium, lead, cadmium, sodium and other chemcial
supstances found in drinking water are long-terra ongoing studies to provide data for
verifying the preliminary observations. Other toxlcological studies are being continued to
DW- 3 7
-------
aeterrvie whetner b'¦ ood lead levels, wmcr. a*e current*,) csns'dered to oe in the
nc'~a! -arge, ae'ay centra" ne-vous system sevel oo-^n". ;h exawe tie •r.cicerce of cancer a-= be"-: tOTp'eted to determine wnether
asoestos occjr'inp •- arinum; water frcw natural e-ss'.or., -'ning ooerations, and
aspestos-cemen: pipe is a coffoutna 'actor to increases cancer ^ates. This research
will proviae tie recessary aata base for deciding 1* a treatment technique is necessary
t3 reduce !eachi*g o' asbestos 'ibers frzc. pipes.
Efforts wfv.cn support tne assessnent of alternative practices for disinfecting drinic-
mc water are seine completed. Both trie epidemiological studies of the care:nogenic
effects 'rom by-products of disinfectants ana the studies on comparative toxicity of
organic reaction products of chlorar.ines, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone disinfec-
tion are included here.
In collaboration with the Center for Disease Control, EPA is continuing to proviae
tecnnical assistance on microbiological contaminants in drinking water and investigates
ongoing wateroorne Gisease outbreaks. In addition, the health effects research is contin-
uing to examine waterborne outbreaks of infectious diseases to determine the causative
agent.
Work is continuing on Improving methods for the concentration and Identification of
viruses found in drinking water which are *no*n to be associated with waterborne disease
outbreaks. Tnese improvements will permit a mere accurate assessment of the significance
to health of viruses in drinxing water.
Studies on the potential health effects associated with the reuse of highly treated
wastewater are being contmuec. This is part of a ten year program to develop a data
oase sufficient to set reasonable criteria for reuse standards. Criteria will be developed
Dy 133; for reuse of treatec wastewater in emergency situations.
1931 Exclanation of Change froi-. Budget Estimate
'he net decrease of $ 1,2S5,40C results frorc several actions, as 'ollows:
Shortly after tne 19S1 oudget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitter
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
aecrease of $7 million of EPA's reouest for Salaries and Expenses. Tne reduction
applied to this activity is $13,100.
- The Congress reduced agenevwioe travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of S3,900
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of 525,300 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of S12.214.000 to the Research and
Development appropriation; a decrease of S93S.000 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of $20,000
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $26,600 results from the cost of the Octobe' 1980 pay raise and is •
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- A transfer of S19^,SCO to solid waste nomtoring ana quality assurance/uncontrolled
sites to support efforts in Love Canal.
- 0*8 3'jlletin #31-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1991 Travel Seduction", reauired
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used
to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSBJ deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is $7,900.
OW-33
-------
- An --iter'"2l scencyv.:2e '•eduction of $6,55C.00C tc ec-'CT.ert costs "5 being made in
or3cr to *»rc :;i£ ce'idts; the -»c.:tiOn aps'i^s to this activity 15 <50,330.
Ar internal acercywne reducfcn of SI.*90,30C to otner contractual services is
aeiig naze orae- to funs -CSS ceficits; tne reCuction apolied to tnis activltv
•s
'.952 Plan
Tne Agency "eouests a total 01" 5:1,718,400 and ^6 per-r.anent workyears for tnis sut-
crop-am, c* wnic. S3,OC~,50C is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and So,710,300
;s for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects an inc-ease of 5579,300. This increase will orovide for conduct of
multiple stress studies to more closely approximate real world exposure to complex mix-
tures and Expanded efforts to correlate in vivo and in vitrc short-term tests to quantita-
tively predict health endpoints when more expensive long-term tests are now in use.
Tne drinking water health effects research program will continue to focus on five
areas: organic contaminants, inorganic contaminants, microblologlcal contaminants,
alternative disinfectants, and the reuse of highly treated wastewater. Research performed
m the organic contaminants area will address the occurrence and related health effects of
specific organic drmxing water contaminants that have seen identified by the Office of
r>-in
-------
£NV: ROWENTA.
ENSINEERISG AND TECHN0LC3Y
1980 Accomplishments
Ir, '.930, tne Agency used a total of S3,338,930 for this sub-program, of whicn
$2,353,403 was for Salaries and Expenses ana $5,954,600 was for extranjral research
activities. Accomplisnments under the program include:
- A state-of-the-art report on trihalomethane treatment techniques and of the
impact of trihalomethane control on the microbiologic quality of the treated water
has been written. This report will be used by the water utility industry, and by
State and local water supply agencies in meeting the tr1halomethane standard.
- A second report was made available that describes the results of full scale studies
at several utilities in the Ohic River Valley to control trihalomethane levels by
treatment plant modifications or changes in plant operations.
- An electric furnace was evaluated to test the cost and effectiveness of reactivating
granular carbon. The exhausted carbon was restored to near-virgin conditions and
the costs were competitive with fossil fuel furnaces.
- A report on the removal of barium and radium from drinking water has been publisned
and a report on sodium removal has been prepared for publication. These documents
are being used as treatnent guides by the water utilities, and by State and local
water supply agencies.
- A seminar entitled "Corrosion Control in Water Distribution Systems" was attended
by approximately 120 researchers and covered topics such as measurement techniques,
control strategies, health effects and cost. The seminar defined the present state
of knowledge on corrosion control.
- The first generation of a Master Analytical Scheme, a scheme to allow measurement
of o-aamc compounds which are difficult to detect, was developed and mace available
to an initial user comnunity.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $11,326,200 and 60 permanent workyears
to this sub-program cf wtiich $2,855,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
S3,470,600 is for extramural purposes -nder the Research and Development Appropriation.
- A major effort is focused specifically on the needs of small drinking water systems
(serving a population of 10,000 and under), which comprise 80 to 90 percent of all
drinking water systems and wtiich regularly serve approximately 20 percent of the
U.S. population. Research is needed to develop and evaluate information on
cost-effective technology and illustrate the use of cooperative arrangements for
small systems. This type of data will enable these systems to meet national and
state drinking water standards established to protect public health.
The program is continuing to provide information on economical treatment processes
to control specific contaminants of health concern which are discharged to, and are
found in, our drinking water sources. Work on specific synthetic organlcs is being
emphasized and includes aevelopment of improved analytical rsethods. Efforts are
being made to produce, evaluate and bring together information on the oerformanace
of existing units producing drinking water from questionable or suspect sources.
The evaluations will include cost data and information on the effects of treatment
and treatment changes on microbiological quality.
DW-40
-------
'931 Explanation of Chafes frop Budget Estmite
~ne net decrease zf *b52,00~ resj'ts Vot seve"a1 actions, as follows:
Shortly afte"- the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the Budget (House Document 96-29-1;; these revisions resulted in a
decrease of S" million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applies to this activity is $26,100.
- ~he Congress reducsd agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $5,200 was
applied to this activity.
T>ie Co^q-ess r»
-------
cf varices organcs, not only during »ater t~eatT>er: but tT'ougnot,: tne entire system.fran
source to tip. The objective of the projects will se to provde more economical aid
efficient treatment methocs.
In FY 1982 several field-sca'e pilot projects will De conducted in coope-ation with
drinking water utilities and local and state governments to determine how effectively and
at what cost certain experimental treatment processes remove specific envi ronmental con-
taminants. These research projects are necessary to cetennine now these technologies
will perform under actual operating conditions. Furthermore, the results of these studies
will facilitate our ability to describe water treatment methods when a hea'th risk from
organics is suggested and monitoring is not practical.
Chiorination has been the primary method used 'n th-s country to destroy Xeroses m
omnng water. 3ut, thouah this disinfection process has proved to be highly successful
in reducing watersorne disease, tne'e is concern about the microbiological contaminants
in drinking water, particularly in light of the use cf alternate disinfectants and possible
changes in treatnent processes. This concern has been deepened by the discovery of disin-
fectant-resistant pathogens and because in widespread areas of America only limited treat-
ment is applied to purify water.
"ilot and field-scale studies will determine whether changes in treatment processes
bring aoout new microbiological problems. These studies will examine such changes as
shifts in tne location of disinfectant application, the use of alternative disinfectants,
conversion of rjpic sand filters to granular activated carbon filters, and use of
biologicaly activated carbon as a t-eatment unit process and any other methods used to
reduce undesirable by-yroducts. Field studies are planned to evaluate how water turbidity
a'r'ects the efficiency of microbiologic disinfectants. Also to be studied are the
physical, chemical, and microbial characteristics that permit the growth of microbes in
water distribution systems with inadequate treat.uent practices, such as poor pipe corrosion
control.
Also, treating water for the removal of inorganics can present technological problems,
particularly for small conmunities. To alleviate these problems, EPA will improve treat-
ment techno ¦ ogies. Field and pilot-scale studies wii1 examine a number of treatment
processes for tneir effectiveness in removing arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, 'louride,
'eid, Tercury, nitrate, nitrogen, selenium and radionuclides. The effort will include
investigations of those polymers that may be used to improve coagulation or filtration.
Analytical ^methods 'or the measurement of tne toxic species of arsenic, selenijm,
and chromium will be developed as will measurement methods for monitoring the removal of
specific inorganic contaminants by treatment systems. The work will focus on applying
technology to small comnunities. Several studies will provide cost data for technologies
capable of removing one or a combination of contaminants from a variety of source waters.
Field testing and cost analysis of full-scale facilities will be a necessary aspect cf
this future work. EPA is examining existing package plant systems being used by small
communities to determine the effectiveness of the systems in removing contaminants from a
variety of surface waters; a technical evaluation of the package plants will be provided
to allow more widespread application of effective systems by small utilities. Methods to
minimize costs of successful treatment technologies will be emphasized. The relative
value of regionalizatlon of several water utilities is being examined as are the parameters
for determining whether or not this approacn will solve some of tne small system water
duality preens.
This program also identifies critical water stabilization factors and will deve'op
cost-effective treatment methods to prevent corrosion of n>etal or asbestos-cement pipes.
Difficulties in drinking water distribution systems and effects of tnese systems on water
quality will likely demand increased attention in the future.
Change From January Request
This reauest represents a decrease of $330,400 from the January budget, of which $19,*00
is for Salaries and Expenses and $311,000 is for Research and Development. This decrease
will result in an overall -eauction in the technology research program in Drinking water.
DK-42
-------
ESVI83Sv.s.'i7£L ACCESSES ANT;
E-FtCTS
1 93P Accocpl i shnents
In 1983, tie Agency used a total of SI,044,700 for this sub-program, of which
S"?,900 was 'or Salaries and Exoenses and $1,205,800 was for extramural research
acti vities.
A socx was published describing indicators which can potentially oe used in
groundwater investigations to detect biochemical contamination.
- Wornsncps *ere held for tne groundwater protection community (Federal, State, and
local manaaers, consultants, researchers) or. tne state-cf-the-art of groundwater
mode!ing.
- An article was published describing the behavior of arsenic in the subsurface.
- A geohyarologic study was begun at Love Canal to assess the extent of the imminent
hazard resulting from the disposal of hazardous wastes at that site.
;?S! c-ocra-
in 1381, tne Agency nas allocated a total of S2,468,200 and 19 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of wtiich $343,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
$1,620,000 1 s for extradural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
Tne 1S81 program is concentrating on assessing surface methods for detecting subsurface
pollution, comp'eting the Love Canal qeonydrologic study, determining the mobility of
selected organic chemicals in groundwater in different soil regimes, publishing a
manual (in coooeratlon with the municipal technology program) describing how State and local
grounawater managers can protect groundwater from pollution by septic tanics, determining the
natural nicrooial populations in groundwater and publishing a manual on groundwater sampling
practices, 'ecnmca! assistance will continue to be provided on the development of a
coordinated Acency ef'ort to protect groundwater, implementation of tne UIC regulations.
and assessment and remedy of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Additional resources in
tne Solid >iaste program will allow development of methods for approximattna the supsurface
rio-i lity of hazarcojs wastes and predicting their envlronoental movement. In addition,
'ie1d evaluation of these methods will begin.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budoet Estimate
The net decrease of S51,800 results from several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
aecease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is S3,330.
'he Congress reduced aaencywide travel costs by $250,000; a decrease of $1,300 was
applied to this activity.
- Tne Congress reduced aaencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease of
$5,900 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $11,600 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- P.eprocramming of $52,500 from ether activities within 0RD were implemented in
order to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs.
0W-42
-------
- An offsetting transfer fror toxic substance spnitorinc syster.s and aai* '¦ ty assurance
f$45,203} &r-t to sol id waste monitoring and oua •4 ty assuranee/uncontrolled sites
;S-9,200 to r"eal!gr supoo-t to a'1, programs supported by wpat was formerly
anticipatory research funds.
A net transfer of $49,200 to envi romental engineering and technology !J149,900;
wnich affected the 3esearcn-and Development appropriation 3nd 'ro1? envi--on7«nta!
engineering and technology (S100.700) which affected the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation to realign contract *gncs with operating costs.
0*3 3f!letip i3'-9, January 2-, 1931, "Reductions In Fiscal ?ear 1981 Consulting
and Related Services", reajired a total reduction of $1 ,794,200 to consulting
services; the reduction applied to this activity 1s SI,100, which Is being re-
directed to fund ?CiS deficits.
- 0MB Bulletin $81-9, January 30, 1981 , "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain Equip-
ment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of
$42:,000 ;s being used to fund 'CS3 deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is SI,0C0.
- An internal agencywide reduction of 56,550,000 to eauiprent costs 1s being rvade
in order to fund ?CS5 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity 1s S7G.00C.
Aaencywiae increases are required In order to *jnd the ?CS8 deficits; the increase
applied to this activity 1s $16,400.
:9c2 plan
Tne Agency reauests a total of S-5,95S.100 and 24 permanent worsyears for this sub-
program, cf which 221,*00 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3 ,737 ,4C0
is for extradural purposes uncer the Research and Oevelopnent appropriation.
'his reflects an increase of S2.49G,S0C. This increase is directed toward expanaed
research on transport and fate of pollutants in groundwater.
In 1932, the groundwater '•esea'-ch program will, with additional resources described
in the solid waste area, concentrate an developing rnodeis for predicting the rnovenent and
transformation of trace organic chemicals in the subsurface environment. Of great
importance to the success of this effort is the characterization o' geologic materials
in terms of their effects or processes in groundwater. Work will also continue to
characterize the pollutants of concern 1r. groundwater from specific polluting sources.
The development of methods for conducting groundwater pollution i.nvestiqations rerwins
a hign priority, as does technical assistance for groundwater Investigations and
development of state-of-tnowleage documents.
The program will provide (1) the capability to develop a first-generation classifi-
cation o' subsurface geological materials, a step beyond characterization, (2) accelerated
transport and 'ate research which car. be applied in various hydroqeological regimes, [I)
guidance for translating quality requirements into source control plans, and '4" Quality
reouirement aocunents for unregulated groundwater pollutants as well as for non-drinking
uses of groundwater.
Change cron January Request
This request represents a decrease of S/4,400 and 2 permanent workvears from the
January budaet, of which $74,400 1s for Salaries and Expenses. This decrease will result
In a decrease in research on transport and fate of do'Intents in groundwater.
0W-44
-------
Hazardous Waste
SECTION TAB
-------
6 16 -
ooc'os:
"e: Li.
h?
r * 991
Z 0 S' 6 L
ic-' •
9rr
009
r6 6
3U
?9l
' "36 i
c7c 4r; 11
c c c ' / ;
r9ec is:
'iluAo" -J C » ^ c Z . - C u * ' V
* • • A": u? } *-;;-^ / •
* * ' * * $.Pd4-«JOM i'vcw; ?•— 3-
> t; ¦; _
-
"up ;o.;uov 1 cu.'9
-------
Sucget Current Increase *
^ctjdi Estimate Estimate Estimate decrease -
198C '931* ' 9S1 '932 1932 .•$ 19c
,aoi ars -n tnojsar.cs;
Jicontrolled Kaza-dous
«aste Sites:
ia' a^'es anc Expenses 2,T"1 ',925 -.020 ... -4,220
Abatement, Contrr' and
Conpliance 2 ... 2.27! ... -2,2"!
-.azarcous waste ?emit
Enforcement:
Sa'aries anc Expenses 137 4,090 3,62~ 4,231 *-65?
Abatement, Control anc
25 24 25
-izi'tc;.js waste Enforze-
Solar-.es and Expenses 2,495 3, 161 2,332 5,301 -2,46?
Abatement, Control and
"alliance 642 632 542 455 .;s;
Salaries arc Expenses 5, 293 9,176 10,475 9,532
Abatenert, Control and
3or.fl lance 64; 657 2 , 937 43"
53 ic «aste ior.-;ne'-g>;
Total , Secearcr anc
ote 1 , - nfo'ceneit
?-oc ri;r 6,033 :,?23 '3,4"3 13."62 -3,35"
"er*"tanenc -'csitiors
^>••2; OP Tent -ro crarr..., , j
«aste vanace"ient Reflations,
Sj-ne'ines anc 3olic*es.. 112 140 129 131
r-nanc:al Assistance
*aste '•fanagenent Strategies
Implementation 13= 262 240 '91
Technical Assistance 33 27 21
Jr,control led Hazaraojs
'»aste Sites 23 19 62
Total, Aoate^ent, anc
Control Srogrssis 306 442 4£2 328 -'24
.¦^controlled Harardojs
Waste Sites 71 5,3 95 ... .05
Hizarco'jc waste ?e~~:t
Enforcement ? 121 ICS 116
•:azarcouS xaste
Enforcement 56 33 32 1 1 3 -31
Tota' , Enforcer>ent
?rogra- 143 25' 235 229 -55
* January i960 5r"e3 ioent' s budget as adjustaa ay C?.C ' s resfuctj-in^.
-------
?u O.jrrent .ncraase »
Actual 1st ir.nte Est-isste list irate Decrease -
19?Cj i»a; jna; 1?®; 1°"2 vs i?Sl
Pull-'-.iri? ".craivalencv
~~ai, FssearcJ-. n" >.-.-l~ment
7j.i ;.ol irvjs . ..
^irar.cial As? ist,an~e
'Varvi^^ner.*: £tr.^t«f?:es
I-TOTTpr.tat-icr.. ............
V'r.c3-r.rr^il'^: :iazar-:DJs Waste
Sites.
"ctal, '•hvatener.t -inri C.—t—1
tr-.tmll-y; Waste
t*SS
ir""^ *"js Wasts ?N2rT*.it,
^iasarisus v.'aGte ^r.rDrtoncnt.
64
* <*»;»
103 151
-4=
143
IB 3 131
-2
160
313
245
?S
-29
28
19
64 ...
-64
3~5
56 3
561 426
-135
c 3
»* *>
-li:
"0
175
163 1"2
~0
P0
ap 13Q
•^40
l"c
32o
3"3 310
-c3
:s ji;ustc!
ry the
r.PT's r€5str*jct.urlrx:.
Desrite recent l:eral err-rts .r.ier the ?£soarc» Ccns ation ani -fir^-'or; '~T7A' irx!
the iTrT-nsr-ii.? r--r.-1r2rre.ntai Hespsnse, CanDenstticr,, a,*r; l_it-iV:ty \ct -f
* "SwOrr^*",jt.i" ) *"1.1.1 ?5-o Tt. -v® 1 v ^rirc utj^,cr --*•i trrr-jDiflrts rr/ rf
irrsmcar mr.n~«r\?r.t ieperv'.s y, strorra irpletentatior. anc enforcement crocrar-s ir.
the na&r-tem, Without a concerted Federal arxl state cxmitnent, .is reflectel by
the re&j-irce levels featurei Lr. this ixi.ioet recruest, thousands rf Vencir. ccrrunities
far® the .-csbihie ns'< sf pus lie and err.-ir omental tirades frcr poet v.arari^;s
»aFt:* nar.^ierier.t practices. Incidents at Lcv«» Car.sl, Valley rf the IJnrs' nrri Tacr.e,
~-3r.r-.ess^*4? *,esticines» acils, caustics, flarrables arr* explosives.
tTA estirotes that a-croxirateiy 20 ->?rc°nt ar this -anount is stiecifi-^ly incluied
the rratil:*"stsi lists ox hazardous -rf^stes. Another 50 cwr^ont car. re i-5ent;fieri
st >.sa»r?5u» the four ?.CPA '2001 ctiiirarteristics of iarut3hiiity, sorrcsxvitv.
reactivity irr. ™ ' •Sttrietier. ^rtxtaiur®'1- toxicity, the renaimrw mtjstrial waste#
tanr.tt '."c i:entif.e? w-.th •itfui-. s nee if:, city fcr ir.clusicr. in the h.-j^ricxis uisto
T.'rter.
Ravisoi 4 1*5. SI
-------
Ix'stmc :average o* tr.e RC3- ruzirsoji .ostj u-og-j- :s mcanc'ete. c-r e*3~.:'»,
-arty .?-na-'c c*ie~i ca' wastes, «rtncf> are r-ign'..» tox*.;, are not cove-ec t>> tne to*ic'tv
:na rjct er- st i cs. ;n ey are not sne:;' ica' iy 'isted--anu nany are not--they
not be covered ?y the ^R- nacardous waste prog-a":.
£:-'s o«*o?-aR • s t* access tne oafonal waste management proo'en on t«o fronts:
, i>y coitir-jinc to ceve'oo an: adni-ister a -ec„lato-y proo-a^ „naer ?.":A
•'or tne r.r-ent ano f\.t;.-e siacjgenent of nsu-ic-s wastes; anc rore rece-t'y. py
cont" !>«" ts tc oaerat* the ongoing p-o ;-a- ti 'Certi'y, i -.vest i gate, eva'-ate ans, as
necessary, resoono to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites in anticipation of ^ui 1
aani n'strat i on of new Superfund author •: i es.
-'azaraous/Sol 1c waste Regulatory Prcsrar'
"ie -.esoj-ce Sonse-vat'or and recovery Act ;'C2A', is attendee, estaolisnes the
"i-st national program tc protect putl'c 'lea'it'i i'C tie env-onnent '-om dar^ces
•tjusej i-p-coe- wast? -nanagenent arerations. To ha^a'e prospective nasarcous
waste p-ob!ens, EPA wi 1 1 continue to develop an:! 'nitiate, on a priority basis, the
-egylatory o-ocrjn outlines 5v «?C5tA to reduce -is*s from ""iprooer hazardous waste
~i'3ze~e". p-actices.
?rA estao'i sr.ed a onasec schecj'e 'o- "ssuanc- of iarar;ous waste -?gulat'ons
wn-ch, • n accordance with pronulgat ion caitr: tine it s nace to the reoera' Disc-ict
Tour-., put t"e core regulatory progrjn in place Oonnj 1SS0:
-hase
'eoruary ' g^p
Section 2002 Stansa-cs 'or 'Se-.eratj-s of -a:jr;ots Waste
Sect", on 30C2 Standards for ~ransporte-s of haza-ocus «aste
Section 2C21 lae-t" *"icat'.oi anc .isfnc of "fa;»r:cjs »as:
Secfo- 2005.6 Consc i i oatej Jer—it 5ecu'at"ons
Section 200- >ter;n Stat-s Standards
Julv ISsD
Section 20'J' Ao^ifor.ai -istmg y -aza-sous wastes
>.ase ::
lOveroer i ?.-i
Section 2CO'i -oc-ticnal '.istinc of Hazardous wastes
Jar-ja-v 19fl
Section 2004 Tecnn-cal 'er'omance Stancarcs (SEwi; for tan*s, pi'es,
containers, site selection, incineration and ,prouosec!
! a nd f r, ! s
Sect• or. 200-i -ir.ancia' ^esccrsif 1 • t* Seo---events
-------
>e -n>se I -ec.'itioii 'r-tia' •nple^entatio-i of trte narardocs .- eligible
'c- final autiiorir3tion, the State pro-jram nust ae fully eauivalent with that of the
•szen'. sove-nsent. SSA w1 i a1 so negotiate Cooperative Arrangements (CVs). Thro«o''
1 rcaerac •. Vf '---jTse-.e-ts States a-e encouraged to woric toward syjlifying f?- a-tno-icat 1m,
j": t" ooe'ate selectee se'eaatec aspect? of tnieves ""te*ir or 'inal a'Jtnor'zatipn. .:"3e" tn: 3 a! ternativ®
a* assistance orogran, States will receive -ederal funis commensurate «"t r. the
jie^e'ts of tne ;eoeral hazaraous waste o-og^an they administer as E°A's ager.t.
1^32 wi' 1 be the first full year 0' RCP.A permitting against the £ 300— Best Engineering
Jj25?rint '5EJ) Standa-cs issues during 3nase .'I. Tne six-year strategy for £?a and
State ?e«—it:me 0' the esti^atec 30,000 nazarcous waste man a cedent faci'ities natianw.se
co'ce't-ates ' 9S2 e"cts o* pemitt'.ng 'aci'ifes, the Sect 'acil'ves, in; tne
«2*st ':ci'-tie; "r ores'" to rini.Tiize hea'tn an* e^v.-on-enta 1 th-eats while •ncreasin-
: ~ = a tie "'t, storage, a-c r. sposal capacity .
°ernit 'ssua^ce will require legal -eview, adnimstrative processing and tecnmcal
evaluation individual permit apolications against the technical oer'omance >canda,-3s
'or t-eat-ient, storage anc dispose1 facilities. !r unauthori zed States, where
• issue facility oemjts, tne nepionai Abatement ans Control anc Erforce^ent
.ill' sna-e respens !ii 11 ty for -evelopi">c tne oemt conditions and issuing
t-~ si^its.
"i» limited scope ,y tne May anc July \200i prom/, lat 10ns and the genera' nature
c' tne 5EJ tec.nr'cal rer'cmance standard now oemg final :;ed der.anc that extensive
re;u 1 a to -y ®ffo-ts pnase 211) continue. These efforts w i oe d'-ected tcwar:
t j • 1 or ¦ ic nan a ae~>sn t abidance or stan.-iarss tc specific hd;a"dous wastes o*- ''dusf.e'i.
"n? naca-co'jf wast° en'orcenent rr-'Cii nas oeen oeveioppd to ass_""? that j' a'"ect^c
^a^ti e. c>~o'v «• tn sta^darjs estaD**sne^ unoe'* tr? -).escu'";e Conse^vat' 3" a^c '-.ecove^v
' ct 'es-'atms :»'e'3'. c, trarspo"tatior , t"eat"ent, stora9'.', i"C disposal :f nac j-I'.js
wastes.
'C?a en*;r;ene'"*. w:" tane p'ace tnrounn tne per^ittmc of nararaous »a:te nana;ei_er
'a:i''!fe? ana sussecuent ncnito'inq of those facilities to ve-i'y :o-~pl 1 ante.
-emitting ano coroliance ^ior-tor,nc procraris »i' 1 roqu'jte not only the gene-atorc
nazaroous wastes, but feafier't, sto-ane, and oisoosal faci'ities a: well. 5
separate e^fo^ceient ""e:nanisn, the haza-oou; waste nan:'est system, wi"' v.'t.i'"
-a:i--ous waste t~ansr.o-ters to ensjre that waste transported fro- a gert-atir tc c
t-eat -e-.t, sto-a?^, 0" >!ispo?al 'aci'ity actjaily "eaches the intended :est inaticr.. '•>*
svstei uses "e
-------
2"-- • * **aC <:>>3*^":; t c -c'"li'" j •" - - * * ** -? s t., '. ~s ; ;t VD"-,
>"c e"r'orcenenc i"fc~"a:•on. •»» actfo''. cic states, E-A «-i: 5 consuct overs 'cit
ectw ties, mc'usrnc ;omt i-.soections wi :i i'ie itates, to ne *hetner or no:
States are aieauate" > e"'o~~.~'i RCRA "eojirenentS. Acci tior.a:'; y , £5A wi>'
¦cei'.'fv an; 'rves:ica:e susoectes cnnina' activities.
"ie Resource Conservation anc Recovery Act con?1 events tne extensive he;araoi;s
-as*.'? :onf-l srojra.r. *"Sust*tle C" of tie Act] p'ogr oa 3" ~ ?ecov:se jna 'egi s 1 a11on. »esearc». m the area of non-hacarjous waste, mc'.uc: n? -eso-rce
recovery, was for the most part onaseo out in FY I-Ci.
C'ie of the top priority activ. fes in -f 19S2 arc c «.ev cc-oonert of the so' is
waste research w.' oe the continuation o' a program to ceve'op ie» or - ipro-'eJ sano'•
anc aii'ytica' netroao'ooies arc validation proceCupes for icent 1 ficat'or- o* Mzardous
••cste. "-cV'Sr ;oc priority act'vty " 1 ?e tie ceatior. of a oi;a*'. tv assjr>nce rroa^ar
to e*syre the «ai ijity of a;' i3ta ceneratec. £f forts w';' co"t">-e o* ' nc. ne'J t'¦ on
'sna ji sposa'i research for naza rdous wastes in -r 19 B2. *nis effort «i'; orov ie jse'j:
te:hn;;a" -ata to t3'- os—.it »ri-.e's for nacarocjs waste t-eatnent, c;soe;a' anc sto'are.
irpnasis »i 1 • oe o'.aceC on the tnemai jecor.scs* ton anc corta"..re-: y: nj;a'CCus wastss.
Atterfo" w'n also oe ii'ectec to -esearcn -n jne ha;aroous waste "•'s* assessne'-t
area, ooth 'or hea^n anc eco':ocica: e"ects arc oolljtants t-arspsr: anc *>te. -ea'f
effects efforts are cirectea towjrc jeveToonent anc ac?' icafon of screen'*".; techr-.c-jes,
i cent i f ica t" on o' oioassay -net noes anc evaluation of '•e'.ative r-si of exoos^"e tc cono'ex
-:'*tj-es '"c~ naza'ootis waste s'tes. heaUr. hazarc pro'i'es an;-, e.oosjne aoa'yses anc
9'wi Jarce w '' oe ceve'iooec in sjooort of waste *ar.a cenen; -ecjlat'ons jnci" the Resource
Conservation anc -ecove-y Act and Suoerfunc activities. A new in'tiaf ve «il. oe oncer.
ta«er to oeve'or tecnmcjes for issessmo eco'ocica1 ca-iaoe anc t • oe"vi ro.rental st-ess
ar-sinc ''cr- cisoosa' of naza-Oous wastes, "nese r„Sj:-s cin j;ic 3e jSe.- f3r
ans evoljif.no -jr.concro! lec sites and oetem-.n-ro t ;ie octertial 'or ent'v of ~i sr.ana :ec
^ajarijoas wastes into the hjr.an 'oCj Cham, '.n the oo' * jtant transoct arc 'ate arei,
effcts w.'l con-.'nue to ceve'ec netnoos ar-c ,-noce's 'or p-ecctinc ;.-,e .-"ove'ent of nacar-0_5
wastes thrcucr the soOSw"'ace envi-o.nT.ent anc a new sta-- »it' aciaot e*"'st'nc env-or^e't
assessnent noce's fc cse in nazardous waste r.i snanacenent scenarios.
s,jroose - Research and ?eveoo^>eht
The hacarcc^s waste research and oeve!opneot procra:i, consistent with tne coals
of the Resource Conservation ana Recovery Ac: o' 19/? .;RCSA', is cirectec to the
cevei ooT^ent of :echnoiooies, netnocolooies, ana tne scientific Jata oase necessary to
achieve environnenta!1y acceptaole, cost-effective solio ana najardous waste nanagenent
'ror ^env'ation throuoh cisposa:.
Hw-C
-------
" *" tr
r 2 $£
:r:r, r*"""frrewevs tre r.c-ert'f^c ta:r';. writer
= * a' 1 ow the :
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've 's tc surpo^
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~id 1 -n jr.c tne envircpr-.e
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te jcve*""*eit.s creritiro jj:ects cf tr.e "eoercl rr^.-rar
i £ t ** C-1. '•' t5 r c -" a e i Z'. 2'. j z t - ' ~ r * er - e r t t r; s' ** r y s
or L; ¦ ' S
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arc: j • :r,: tec^n: cc^ assistance tc »c sc. ctaera' ^.r.t
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cV-ce • r «:tr States ex^ectec tc mov-j tov.ees st-:
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C
5
tc * a: •' • t • es -S' "c 'zh\* • "C: nee*" rr. ar-r. ce
t^^TI - • *"• C
ro-^'rt i* f r-
rcr* ratter ;••' etate ' ora^cc-s waste erccrarrs. rcr *jst
e ret : •a
Si'-' -ec js rara-e
./ ,
-
re:: erst r ¦ • • t' (-s te ate c->ter:a oe-'^rirg a Sen
* t a *") • a "
c'" 1 •, ecr-e .et ar-
' " V
e"t;-y e* a* - 'arc v:::sai sites ,jre r^evee -atto^c*
:u ¦ :e'•re
s Itate I:'";
te vir 'r:r.
E:i' i s c-sc resccrsille fcr Drovtuinc tecftn^cal ana :
tner eu'-
arce *or -^rle-.e'-
•.
t "C
*.
-ecu! if er.s. 'nrcutr ^9?^ ^eenr^ea* -ss*star.ce "arA1
s w:M : r
cwe<_ a-
j vC
r-^e 'C ee*'ver;. of rix;erttee tc £tate anc *scc'> -;cvern
T.e^ts er;
c^rea^-rc :rCe-*e-
<>' $
* o ¦*;j r o eeridr • t
ffi -
-------
r,c -r -te*";er t vine „:r>z
set* v't ¦ ec:
activ-fes jrf citegr,r;zec
, ow;n; SuP-
»astg Vinecenent Regulations, Guidelines enr. 3oi*. pies: This suSact'vity involves
¦'1 ' tne seve.oi'^ent »p,o r..r o~u1 car.¦ on cr nazarcoL'S arc sonc -.•.aste '•egu'atior.s anc
j'..' Jel' -,es, ' 2' me sc.elcment of technical ano po'^cy guidance "or ".-ir^e-ient'rg me
regular* oni; ;2; ".re conduct 0' erc-'*eer'no, oes'gr, environmenta' are economic evaluati:
anc assessments of sol ic waste -nar.age-ent tecniolccies anc pracfces; a no {»; nst'ona'
ir.ijnioe.~ent anc overs*cut of regional program ir.rienientation activities.
-ssisrarce: ~ms Si.P .';ei 'vty :-e.ices for grants ; 1'• tc States fc-
s r * 4 nc Q^o»*-r'r>r ^ f n^7cf"—C"j' wast* *ria r3 c' 2T(?r t rro'tr2"r>.s ur S-.bt :t: e C o *
; ?; tc 'tctes tr.e seve'. co~ent o-~ Itate sc*d «c:*.e rec^l atory :ro9*"c>".s one
:t :: tne rvCP-.-^d^ccteo ; arc sresa' s-*e ; nventcry un-er 3-ctita1 D c* -.C^-;
• t:. icccl oovern:?.erts *or 'easiti 1 ity svjc ies and ct^.er project cevelcr^ert
cC t: v"! 11 es leaC'nq to the i rrc' enent at i or, c f resource and energy recovery systems.
*aste yanacercent Strete^es and iTclettentat'on: This sucactiv.ty involves
vers'cnr o£ authorized
Stares
hat
are ceveionng and
i mo
le^ienting hazardous waste
y ( i. , WwT.uUCv 0 ' C
CwtJri3l
J ^ »
• tic ^ ^/uorciii e'ehfc
r c
*
-cv«
~ert s
resource arc energy reco/cy projects ^noer tr.e Locc
- over*. r N c r 3 .
Tecnmca"1 ~.s
^stance: Tnrcv;on ?981 tnis suDact ^v*ty crovioes fcr ^ ) ";t'c,:)
r.anater.erit tne "ecr.nical Assistance 'ar.els prpgra-; (2) lecr.nico' ass*, stance - State
and local governments on a' 1 ascects of sol ic waste management; .2' rutl 'c ra-t ic* rat * c~.
anc ecjcancr :-*iga~.s, and (4) tne cevelcpnent an: rf-lsf.tution of ;^cl*.c arc tecr.nci'
• rtnr'-^* ' *pr * J 1 c
z> jr'. c. s*£ * l ^* orceri®r" -^r"jcra^>
• r.e 5cai s or ;he nazarsous v«aste enfo-ceaent ^cara* are to see tnat a'" af**ectic
larr'es co.iciy wit.h stancarcs, estac'lisnea uroer :ne ^escu^ce Sonserv at * on a->c -.ecc-e--.
Act. "-ec-'i atinc oerera: *cn, tranc^crtat :on, -.reatrsent. storage, and c*spcsa; o* sc';c
anc lazc'cciis wastes, anc tc take egai actrcr. to conre". 'esccnsio'e :a>-t:ec tt *..-ie
re-iec; c: ic.iors 5t -Hcontrcl 1 ec Sites wr;cn -;ay present an ;r.Tre-,; anc SvC Starr:
e.ncanagenenr to r,ea:tn anc rhe e«v*rcnrment. "a aenreve tnese oca's, £-c -as estat' :sn?:
tnrte crocrari e:e~enrs: ' 1' tne r.azarccus waste cemu issuance prcorai, 2: rne naiarcc
waste crfcrcenenr ?rocrar*., anc !2; the unccntrcl lee nacarcous waste s*te enr'crcer.enr
. "•ccri;..
'-'iiarccu-t waste enforcenenr prcvis'ons we<-e enactec largely as a result of w.ce :ca'
-*stor*:i*, s-anace"ient of hazaroous wastes, ana are oes*gnec to prevent sini'ar ~*s-
-¦anasemerr f^c" cccjrr*ng in the future. Regulation w*)) tiKe t'ace tnroucf tne :err..;--_-
or nacarcoas waste Hanager.ent fac*lrt:es anc sveseouent nomtorinc of '.'nose *3c*i"t'es
tc ver: *y cciri lance. ?err>itting ant; cor.pl iar.ee roni tor* no procraTss wi' * recu* ate net
;-.U tne generators of haiarcous wastes, out treatnenr, storage, anc ::srosal *'scil*t*es
as we'- separate enforcement nechan*sn;, the hacarscus waste nar.r'est syste-,
nonitpr razarcous waste transporters tc ensure that wastes transferred 'ror, a cer.eratp-
to c treamenr, storage, or c.sposai facility actually reach tne l.nrencec cestinat'.cn.
Jncer the previsions of SC3A, States nay assume the resocrsip; 1 ity -or o;:enz'-j
perr.i t anc errcrcefnent programs. In cases wnere a Stare nas 'nteriT. or final author-par*
to conduct such programs, EPA is availar.ie to assist in State efforts, anc will overview
authorizes programs fcr aaeouacy. The Agency will also prpvice training 'or Stare anc
Regional ;e-sonnel ir. rhe procecures of hazardous waste permit ins.
Hw-o
-------
* V 1- ' "cZ2rZQ ul rsdS'.Z DrOQrz~..
jo' .:r'es sr.c Ex: er.ses
^L'* :-:-ejse * s »y -r'.cte: tc
t -:•? :ece^»G ^r».years.
a''. Ceve'^rr-e^t
'r.L- not ctrce^sc- ?3 rr-^ari 1/ -e:ctec to
j *-ccuCoc -Mrn:*cr^c effort at t^e _ove
Ca^a' ^.j:2r:ous waste s'-te, crated w.tr.
a rec*jc11 or. :c me scientific assessments
: '-•?;:rerr.
jt-^-.O'-.t, Centre-* and Cc^.:l iarce
"'v "e: cecc-iies ere zf-ncr:'.} : n £t^te
s:* • c n^stfe grants,
."ce:- rec?v?-> c^rts arc -egiori'
" . ' tfT.C't ;-t * c -re -:r overs*;rt
^;;":x5 :-rerans a^c tr.t tra^-sr
: t-~ "*w:,erV-"C' . ~res£ cecreases
:wt :•* ' releases fcr re:Jc::'y
Zv.; : trt urce- i;:ft'.e C 0: ?.C'-:A >r: £;ete
waste r,cr.i.:e~-ent.
.-v.d'-v :* .-¦.cnet -etuest
-r. a^rcsr: at*cr> cr
recjv?.tcc 1"
:t * cn account, *s as *o .cws:
Cu : ar-. es arc -xrenses
:fsejrcr. arc Development
>,ate ^°t, Control an 2 Ccir^ancc
r - " 1 z.'
"I'j
Vs - r ' r- '
:> •-er'-ese-'.s 2 cec-ease ¦:*" $31 ,z-.2,Zi" '.Re :?cl ic.--;'. •:
iC 'or -icr.:: or: rfi •j-'c'-'.S : Re -live ;;n0: r<.r;
• e; -•' 1 ¦ ;r, fcr nsRicei'C-rt 'taiivr'1*., • : *.r.* -Si.
.¦• '.rzC2'l'-i i'.C , - 54 . '• -•• *' -C- * *" '--"-i
¦ ir.i -SI' .* ?¦¦>:'¦. ?' *r- s'.ir:
zr „i;:e r,iPjce-.er.t s:-itec*.es 1jticr; arc "•¦¦
-.lir^rcc^s »c;s:e er-"crce-en*..
-:ou:
-------
ir tnousanos
col 1ars;
Cc-^resi'or.i1 ircrease/iec-eas*:
Resource re;?v«.'"v "ants -6,000
Travel
Oorsu't11; Se'vices -2 23
-.3-' services -"4 2
Acate-ient, lontrol in; 2orp: iance
general reduction -1,433
Researcr. ana "eve'• ODnent
-r-r.erj"; 'eSilCt :o« -2,300
2?"'2' '>ec?®*v'CS5 3'WSeS -"5
5res'2eft'a' r';djct ¦ or o' $? ril'-cr
..••.v.s? Ooc-ie't 9i-0?4' -17?
".d^arjou> xaste o.-eno.-.er.t -12."i
P-ooom suds'enema 1 'or 1980 say rj-sa -444
vi see" 'areous -enroa'an-ir ng actions *2,°05
Var;n :98; Ciances to Suc ;et:
"r jvel -1 95
Consult' n? Se'vces -339
"orjt;rvj,-. 3« 2r;;jre^e-,t :*' Eo-Ji c^ent. -45
£cv. ;-.e-.t cos:'. -1 ,'"!?£
Ot^er cont-actj'j' scvices -113
>.e yerce^t tan3*'e~ - ?26
-,-ii^i'S to ''.nc -2.1^ -*2:
see I laneous ¦-eorogra-ini nc actions
Cj."-ert 1-51 esf-at?
-Ot
i:i, jo4
Cor.s'es? "oiul decreases to the ?oI • o «aote tic! - 3 cm jest incite.! a <-eaucticr
.*" 2t>,2C2.003 to reso^rc- -»to,-er> ';r,>nc;; an 525 1 thousand decrease to tra/el
res-1: •*• a -ecucfor :¦'" !9' ,10"; < S3.: 1 *; or. cecrease to irij'fic
se"«ices :r> d :e:'»jie jf 2332,430; 2 S3 -.11' -.o-. te: -;as«> to 4"-
jcv.ces -esu'tinc 1r a *e3uct ion of 3143,10C; a general reductio' of ST.5
rr 1' ' ¦ 0" to t*o 4oate,*No'"t, Control an.* Cor"?)' ar.ee aooroor"atio° res-'tine ¦ r, *
receate of $' ,433,403; a $'2.2 -illion sene-a; -eowcticn to t~e ^esearcr. ar,a
Devi' 03-ent acsrasrta: ;of» resjltT5 in a decrease o" 53,232,001. an:, a J'50
tnouiin.; cecrease to senior executive service oonuses resulting m a -eouct'on
0' • 4 530.
- sjM'eier.ta' is or00csec to f jnc tne Octooe' "?c3 pay rjise am; :s;l ja»s
244*,310 'op tn* s n?iic.
Tne "92i -aza.-jjus *aste arenc-ient sjSrittw to •/> Corg-ecs -esu'.tec • ~
3r. increase of $12,7l'i,002 to tr.ii "le^ia.
,* 3ppc • 3*
^e'vjest fo" £j
"tia. ^ecuct^or c ;
¦a~ies an: Expenses
r > . i r
"eso'tes i
'House jccU"*?h96-29-x t? tne •
* a ^e:-ease S•"?,CGC to :n*:
cency $
^ec^d.
-------
^no: '.tz 'vi ¦ r.a r6£^
he effect of *.r.e '^^cr 193^ crdr.aes J^creiscs *~*s n^c-^ ~ v 12 * li' , .• C C
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
•_¦ « . I r —
V W J 1 to
Waste Min«ge.T>ent Regulatlons, Guidelines and °aHcies
Actual
i can
Budget
Esfmete
1931
Cu'refit
Estimate
1C21
Estimate
19S2
Increase
Decrease
1932 vs.
(ac". i«rs
n thousands)
it" 01
«e:-j.o:*cns, 3u1 defines
arc 5cl: ;•: es/r.ara-dcus
Wiste:
Salaries an; Expenses
Abater«nt, Control and
Cocpliance
<1 Q * C
8,484
$4,994
17,725
S5.921
15,260
S£,£3i
19,332
- S 37
*4.126
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies/Solid Waste:
Salaries and Exoenses
Asatenent, Control and
Cxir1 ' a^ce
920
963
"40
60C
446
395
345
50
- 101
- 343
Regulations. Guidelines
anc ®o".icies/Resource
Recovery
Salaries anc Ex2er.se:
Asaternent, Control and
Ccroliance
27;
550
625
211
340
CO
236
285
~ 45
-567
Total:
Sala-'es ar.d E*oenses
Aiaterent, Control anc
Ccrc":ance
5,u:
9.997
5,36?
18.637
6 707
15.456
6.615
1 ?. 5 £ 7
«.-t211
j an^ 3*31
15,108
25.005
23.162
25 2S2
-er-anent Positions
3e?u .at:ons, juice lines
anc 'olIcies/Hazardous
Seoul at"ons, Guidelines
an; glides/Solid
waste
Regulations, Guidelines
anc 5ol"cies.'Resource
Recovery
75
2°
c
US
8
IIP.
« * W
10
e
i«2
10
c
* i
112
1*0
129
1 •5"
* 2
HW-12
-------
sctual Est-mate
iSt'mate
-urgent
Estimate
1?51 15S2
(ZFTTarTTn tncusanas)
nc-ease -
ec-e«e -
9S2 's¦ 19=1
"j: -time ioulvaieocy
Seguiat'cns, juicennes
ana ?olicies/Hazardous
waste
Regulations, juiselmes
ana ?o*> icies/Soi id
waste
Regulations, Suide'. i nes
and 5ol;cias/Sescurcs
Recovery
Total
93
;3
.:U
143 136
12
183
:o
131
. 4
- 2
3u3?et ^ecuest
Tne Agency reouest is '31 permanent worryears and S2S,2Si,eOQ *h->cn induces
S6,5H,?0C for tne Salaries ana Expenses asorc:r
-------
p.;^j'-at:cns. ^L:::;s/HAiArp3^; ,'a.-"
1530 Accomplishment;
Ooligations for 1350 totaled $12,259,GOO. The Agency, in agreement with a schedule
approved oy the federal District court, orcmil gated regulations In February 196D under
tne Resource Conservation and Recovery Act I^CaA) covering standards for gene~ators of
hazardous waste [Section 2002); standards for transporters of Hazardous waste '.Section
3CC2; and i notice on notification rsquiregents (Section 2C10). In Hay 19S0, the Agency
srccii*: sated additional regul ati ons covering the criteria for identification anc :isting
c* nazjracus waste 'section 200';, interns status standards for r^re-s arc operates of
trejtnent, storage anc disposal 'ac'l^ties (Section 300*); anc -ec.".rester.ts *or author*-
zation of State p-oc-anjs and permit issuance as part of tne Consolidated s err, it -egulaticns
.'Section 300s/6;. Tnese ?nase I regulations represent the core Suotitle C regulatory
progrs.il to wnicn initial irclementatio.n is geared.
Since Kay 1980 fifty-one petitions have Seen filed by trade associations, individual
co-Tanies, environmental groups and a State to review the regiilations. Resolution of
issues arising 'ram these suits will lead to further refinement of the regulations th-ouan
tr.e issuance of a.nenarents.
Success*'.! nxierientaticn of the hazardous waste srsoras depends joon the avallaci*itv
of sites wnere sufficient capacity will be created to safely treat, store and dispose of
hinrcous wastes, lnter.se popcsition on the part of tne local puoltc is tne pr-ncipal
cif*ic-".ty in creating new disposal sites. To address this issue the Agency fcrsea 4
Siting solicy Committee. Tne result was Agency policy to encourage private sector solutions
to trie problem cf estaslishing sites. In cases wnere governmental mvolvenent is necessary,
tne States will nave tne pri.Tie responsibility for the estaolishment c* aceouate capacity.
Z°z. will asssist States in seeing tnat adequate caoacity is available, 'o tr.'s end
oevelooeo goals and criteria for assessing proposed siting policies, conducted a preliminary
investigation into the use of the Asvster. to sonito- the st3tus of the Hazardous
waste disposal mauscry and becan initial efforts toward tne develcooent of nanopooKS tc
outline possible approaches tc siting and State -egulatory and legislative differences.
In late 19SC PA initiated an extensive industrial waste evaluation program to yie'e
data and i rforr.at1 on tc support tne future regulatory development neecs of the hazardous
waste orograc:
- assessments cf industry-specific treatx
-------
Further, the U^ice of Sol ia Waste segan an incustry assistance program. 3uolic
ncf.ce of :nis program appeared in tne *jy 1550 reoeral Register. Jrcer :ms urogram the
agency «i'' icentify •ncustry and community RCSA ccto'. iance problems anc coordinate
assistance activities with the States or otner Federal agencies. In I960 tne industry
assistance hotline to answer pubiic inquiries on the RCSA regulations was planned.
Additionally, an electroolating seminar series was held to discuss iraact of RC.RA regu-
lations on the electroplating industry.
Initial national strategy and guidance on 1mol«nenting the regulations was developed
and issued to prepare for effective imolerentation.
With contractor assistance, the Agency uncertoofc ana'ysis of isc'.ementaticn issues
such as state authorisation and permitting procedures; refinement of A3? systems to
'acilitate inDiementation and reporting recuirenents; and development of the Consolidated
Permit AD? System. Puollcation of the oubiic notice for notification was ccmoleted and
mailing of notification packages to all candidate Individuals and 'ins was managed. As
of Septemoer 20, 1980, EPA nao received approximately 59,000 notifications.
'981 Prpo-am
Tne current estimate for this program is 110 oermanent worlcyears anc S21.125.300 of
which 55,920,500 Is for Salaries and Exoenses and S15,205,5C0 is for Abatement, Control
and Co.iol iance.
In 1981, EPA will proaulgata Phase II of the Subtitle C core regulations to include
an additional list of hazardous wastes '.Section 2G01), Best Engineering Judgment (BE J)
technical performance standards (Section 3004) including 3EJ standards for tanks, piles,
containers, site selection, Incineration. EPA will publish Inter-m standards for new 'and
cisposai facilities. Also necnanisre will be promulgated to ensure adequate closure anc
post-closure financial responsibility for hazardous waste facilities.
'.'nder the 3EJ concept, EPA will Issue oemits to any *3c111ty that jses "best available
technology.' As technologies evolve, EPA will translate them Into mere stringent standards
'or facilities. Revising permits to incorporate new technology will ensure the continued
upgrading of facilities.
Sen* refinements to existing 3C3A regulations were made in early 7981: mining and
cedent
-------
- develooing netnocs, oroceaures and tests tc identify the harmful ccnta.Ti nar.ts
ir. ccr-plex industrial waste streams;
- sa-r.pl ing anc analyzing wastestrea-Tis to cetermine their hazaroous character-
istics anc the seriousness cf tneir hazarc; and
- conaucting economic lncact analysis to cost out tne regulato.-y reouirenents
for storage, incineration, treatment and land disposal facilities; determine
iiroact of costs on affected industry; analyze recordkeeping and reporting
burcen of tne regulations; anc develop environmental imcact statements
or. 1 at i ons
lr. acdifor., during 19S1 a plan will be developed to begin tc aodress one cr -ore of
tr.c- other p-iority industry secDents such as inorganic cremica's, agricultu-al services,
xscd ;r»serving, textile mill procucts, electroplating and metal finishing, ano paints
anc al 1 led proaucts.
In support cf the synthetic fuels initiative, the Agency will conduct waste management
studies for the developing synfuels industry. These studies will be designed to identify
anc characterize all solid wastes generated froci synfuei processes (oil snale, coal lioue-
fication/casi fi cat ion, gasohol and cectherasa".). An in-deoth character-zat ion stucy will
include toxicity, ccrrosivity, reactivity and igmtabil lty tests as outlined in RCP.A §3001 ;
organic analysis to scan for priority pollutants anc metals; and chronic anc acute bio-
logical tests to icentify mutagenic and carcinogenic constituents. Studies tc investigate
alternative nanage~,ent practices for the purposes of developing best managerier.t stancarcs
fo*- the synfuels ncustry will oe ccnaucted.
Tc acco-xany these activities, a full-flecgec industry assistance program. tc help
incustry con-civ with RCRA regulations will be maintained. The SCP.A hotline oeca~e cpe-a-
tional early m 1951 and alternatives for dissemination of industry ass'stance ir.fcmaticn,
i.e., icrr:shops or training nodules, will be planned.
Heacouarters will also continue to develoo anc deliver guidance anc training cn
initial implementation of the regulations. A technical ano procedural guicar.ce manual
pe-tain-.ng to RCSA Section 20C5 consolidated pe-mit regulations will be develcoed anc
guidance or. the cevelooment of State
-------
~he Coig-?ss 323'ied a genera 1 reduction o' $7 nil 1'on to vie Aiateront. Control
ins Cere;: irce ;::rcfri3:'.0R, i cecreise of S632. CCC was applied to tnis
- "ne Ccc-ess <"ecjc;31-9, January 20, 1931, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
•qjipment," recuired agencywioe reductions to eauipment; the total reduction of
$~21,000 is being used to fund ?C4£ deficits. The reduction spoiled to this
activity is S3,£00.
- An internal agencywlde reduction of $6,550,300 to eaulpnent casts is being aade
in orcer to fund 'CSS deficits; tne ••eduction applied to this activity is 5235,500.
- "he Deoartjnent of Housing and Urban Oevelppnent-Independent Agences Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. Tnis
one percent authority is being i-re 1 evented by transferring 'ur.ds ~>om the Research
ana Cevelopnent and the Abate/rent, Control anc Cone!lance appropriations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation 1n order to fund ?C43 deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity is $-U9,7C0.
ftt-17
-------
- T-ansfer of So,300 to progran rranagerant to fund aarticiaation in the University
of Californtj/Lnvironmental Management Institute.
"S2 31 an
Resources recui-ed for this arr/gran are 112 permanent wcrtyears and S25.216,000,
of wr.icn $5,534,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $15,231 ,700 for Abatefnent, Control
ind Carol lance. This reflects an increase of $4,389,TOO froa 19S1. A&aiesnent, Control
and Cc.Tcliance funds will suppart regulatory refinement of the hazardous waste arogram
uncer Suaf.tle C tnraugh the industry study program, economic ar.d regulatc-y analysis c'
trie actual and msirect i
-------
rov'S'on of ;uicar.ee to State; ire 'ec-ofis on
~o'. tueitaf
n oo' • C.es arc
'J * *"9^T16r. z z
arfc-'. ar'y for oeve^oorert of *4ci: 't..- per?,; t
oasec o-1 :
ese :: :.:oo-i •.
;Cr:nrc2 ;
tarcaros, arc ovcsiort of -eg'ona"' ¦I'cie^ier.ta
•on cf oua:
ty assurarce 0
: arts 3u-rv.
n VrSl wi:l oane olace.
'his -ecuest represe-t: a oecrease 3? SI ,165,200 frcn t.-.e January iuccet, of wivon
SZi?,?CC is for Salaries and Exoerses arc SS'.o.OQO is for Acateflent, Cont-oi an c Ocxcl'• arce.
As a result of the cecrease the incustr'a! waste evaluation program, wr.ich establishes an
exters'/e • r-'oT.jticr oase or- the gene-afon, ocmpositicr., -naraceT-nance i/3'caticn, anc on conduct of tne States'
dsocsal s-te inventory was deve'.ocec anc distributed. The 5AGO4 criteria specified
ooncitions that Tuist oe ¦net regardi-ig f'cod olams. surface »ate-, ground water, aco' 1-
cat'on to "1 a no proaucing -'coa chain crops, disease, air cuai'.ty ana safety oer'ore sites
>-e c1 its*f • e: as e^virprrierti' ":y acceptable. '"1 "on-twi/'nc "ar.c disposal 'aciiifes
are iaer.t'ved arc ptolisnec ;i tr.e oper, aurc inventory anc out or. compliance scneo'.les
to either jpgraae or clcse tne sites, Approximately H0C-1200 ocen oltcs w»re icenv'ied
in 198C, in preparation for the rirst Inventory ouol iC3f.cn.
Wcrr continued on cevelotnent of Clean Water Act ICViA) §-105 regulations on amci;s'
wastewater treat.-nert sludge c-socsa! anc utilization, oarticu'; ar'y 'or tne zistrisufcn
anc r-srseting ;ouci as give-away or sale; cf proce::e< sl.oce.
Additionally, EPA cona-jcted stucies on c-ound water -nomtormg, larcf'll, lane
spreading anc surface imcouncnent cesign and ooerafon to supocrt -efiner.ert of technical
ouiaance 'or States ano reg'cns on soiia waste oisposal. s *inal resort on lancf-".
r,ethane recovery «es issuec.
"he Office of Solid Waste participated m the oeve:oor.er.t of tne Agency Grourcwate'
Strategy that wcula jse existing laws and programs in a setter coorcmatea, ~or3 effective
manner to orotect tr.e ouality of 'jmtec States crouna water,
¦;S1 3-;orair
In 1981. tr.e ^cency las allocated '0 permanent wcricyears arc S3-4,iOC to this orocrarr..
zr wfiich S-146,ACC is for ia'aries anc Lxoenses ana S25S.CCC is for Aoatesnent, Ccr.troi
and Compliance. The Heidcuarters crogram will continue to concentrate on national
rTynaceier.t of the Ocen Dump Inventory ana puclication of tne 'irst ;nstallr«nt cf the
Inventory. States will evaluate the accuracy of this data orior to puolication of the
Inventory ir, 1961. A oroocsec -«:dificat".on to tne public participation recuire.nent 'cr
State planning ;uice'"nes, tc oroviae "xsre input to owr.ers ana operators of *"aci I ifes,
will be promulcatad jpon analysis of puol'c correr.t.
5;ven tne oread scope of the State solid waste rr-anagement plans anc the nuioer of
State agencies anc organizations to 5e mvclvec, E?A will" continue to provide ccaprenensive
guicance on implementation as States' plans are approved oy E5A in 1931.
HW-5 9
-------
Regu" atiens concerning the distribution and narketing ;f sawage sludge products
uncer Section 405 of tne Clear; wate* Act will oe proposed m 1?8'.. The cs;ect've of trie
regulation is to protect the puo1ic fror toxic sucstances and pathogens that :nay be
present in sore sluoces and to encourage resource recovery through the beneficial use of
sludge as a fertiiize- or 'oil conditioner A sludge cnaracteri:ation study will supply
in'crrattor. for use m oevjlocient of further sludge •njnacement -egulations.
As a -esult of ongoing groundwater ncnitormg and protection technology evaluations,
tn» O'fice of Solid *aste will issue refinenents to the grounowater oarts of ».C?.A -egula-
tions.
The »f:cs of Solid Waste will participate with the "002 and Orug Administration
aid tne jeoertnent 0: Agriculture in tne aeve"optnent anc puclication of 301 id Waste
Policy 3u-dar.ee to food processors and growers for use of good cuality numcioal sludges
for proauction of fnjits and vegetaoles.
*931 Explanation 0* Change from Sudoet Estisiate
Tne net decrease of $495,500 results froo several actions, as follows:
Sho-tly a'ter the 1951 oudget estimate was sucmittec, 5-es-ient Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294), these -evis'ons resulted -n a
oecrease of $7 million to £?A's request for Salaries ana Expenses. The reduce 1 on
applied to the activity is $4,300.
- The Congress reduced agencywice travel costs by $S5C,0CC; a decrease cf $2.2CC
was applied to this activity.
- The Corc-»ss reduced agencywioe consulting services by $2.3 rcillion; a decrease
of $500 was acpliec to this activity.
"re Cone-ess -educed ager.cyw.de OP services by $2 -illicr, a decrease uf SSOC
was applied to t.v.s activity.
- At, increase of Sc.900 -esults from the cost of tne October '.950 cay raise
and is induced in a proposed supplemental approoriat* or..
- P.errogramr.irigs to realign sala-y and related costs to tneet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $179,5CC to regulations, guidelines anc pol1c.es/ha2araous
waste.
A transfer c* $5,400 was race to the radiation media in order to support the
Radiation 'olicy Council.
Transfe- of $175,OCC to -egulations guidelines and oolicies/resou-ce conse-vation
anc recove-y in order to suoport the iranediate need to begin evaluation of dioxm
cor.ta.-v. r.ation in resource recovery plar.t staefcs.
Transfer of $55,000 to regulations guidelines end pel i ces^acardous waste in o-ce-
tc supoo-t industrial waste evaluation prog-ait activities.
Bulletin #21-7, January 21, 1981, "riscal Year 1 SSI Travel deduction," recuired
agencywice -eductions to travel; tne total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to
fund oe-sonnel coroensation and benefits (PCS2) deficits. The reduction aopliec
tc this activity is $11,5CC.
C*B Bulletin #31-5, January 24, 1981, "Reductions in risca1 year 1531 Consulting
and Related 5e-vices," reculrec a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting se--
vicet; the -ecuction aopliec to this activity is $2,OX. wr.-cn is to be -esCnced.
-------
in "itarnal 5;»rc>v;» p4 $c,;50,CCC to ecu' c-eit costs is Pe'iQ *vde
n :*:er :j r.nc rC.I2 ;efic:ts, tae resuct'cn jppl "'S3 to :vs acti vty ••$ SI:,ICC.
- Transfer of $12,300 to program. Tiaracenent -In crder to -'unci participation in trie
Jmversity cf Southern California/Environmental Management Insftuta.
- Transfer of 525,300 tc regu! >tions, guidelines and pel ices/'**esource recove*y to
fund a contract.
' ?S2 31a*
¦0" '922, trie Acency -ecuests "C oerTvar.er.t rs ar; S2P5.CCC, *nici $2-5,CCC
;s 'or 2a'ar-es ana Expenses and SEC',COG 's for Atite-«:ic, Centre' anc Ccncl-ancs. "h's
-effects a decrease of S--?,-i00 from '931. Abatement, Control 3rd Co^o'*ance 'unds fill
Oe ^sec to support aeve: convent of Clean Water Act, Section -05 regulations.
The 1932 solid waste activities concentrate on selected wastes of ou&lic health sRd
enyi roniner.tal concern, as an adjunct to trie hazardous waste program, As required Py the
1230 A-iyencwnts to the Solid waste Disposal Act, E?A will conduct limited engineering
analysis, sanoiino anc analysis, waste ^anagesient tecnno'.ogy assessment ana pollutant
'ate ana effect analysis ez~ significant 'noustrial wastes, sucn is -nming and util'ty
wastes, *nicn -nay oose puolic safety and nealtn prooleT.s pecause o* vc'-ne and presence
of contaminants.
"he Clean «ater Act Section AC5 guidelines concerning the ?«arie evaluations
iU-21
-------
of tne techno!051cal, ooe^at-onal, economic, environmental and institutional aspects cf
perforr^.nce of resource recovery system expanded tne cncwlecge oase availa&le to local
ceci si on-;nakers.
Nine resource recovery seminars and an ongoing Resource Recovery Irolenentatlon
3uiae supplied information to support technology transfer among State ana local puslic
administrators.
A ara't of an interagency 5-year plan for Federal resource conservation and recove-y
prog-ara was co-xleced m conjunction with tne Depart.nents of Energy and Co:me-ce.
As 1 result of tne discovery of dlcxm contamination in a resource recovery plant, a
dicxir. r'sk assessment program was initiated. The Agency will collect samples from
resource -ecove-y plants, analyze sarxles for dloxins and other cotnpounds and ceterrrne
wnat risk levels are associates with the corpounds found. In 1930 one resource recovery
plant was sanded.
19S1 ?roci-an
The 1581 allocation for this program Is S perr^nert workyears and SI,192.10C. of
wr.icn S3A0.2Q0 is for Salaries and Expenses and SS51,9CC is for Abate-rent, Contro' and
Core! i ance.
heaccuarters will wsntain its oversignt and evaluation of ongoing regional
.T^nageT«nt of tne Jrsan 5olicy grant orogram to help selected locai governments corolete
the*r jct'vitiss tsscj^cs
conse-vation ano recove--y projects. This incluoes provicing assistance to the regions
• r. refining project wore plans for the final Phase and evaluating tne progress of second
pnase projects. National ranagement of the final pnases c' xany projects will 5e
continued until tneir coin let ion.
Initial :eceral orocu'-ement guidelines for fly ash as a ceoent supplement ana
recycled paper products anc composted sewage sludge unjer RCSA Section 6CC2 will ae
proposed.
Tne 1320 Amenaments to P.CR.A estatil 1 shed an Interagency Coordinating Committee on
"ecer'l Resource Conservation and Recovery Activities. This committee is charged with
tr.e resoonsioility for coorsinatlng all activities dealing witn resource conservation
and recovery froc. so'nc waste and for su&mltting a five-year action plan for Federal
'esource conservation or recovery activities to Congress in 195! and annually thereafter.
The Agency will wore witr. the Office of Management and Sucget and Departments 0'
Inte-ior anc Tr=asury to cevelop the final interagency 5-year plan for resource recovery,
"he plan will help systemati:e long-tern planning.
Evaluation will oe continued on selected resource recovery systere such as the AfCCO
TCRAX pyrolvsls plant in rranxfurt, Germany and reports will be issued on the design and
ser*craar.ce" of state-of-the-art and cocmercial technologies, particularly in regard to
snail-scale usage. This activity will fonr, a contribution to the ongoing recovery sanma
o-ganiced py EPA to aid decision-naxers and expand resource recove'-y.
In 1961, tne Agency will expand the dioxln risk assessment program 5v puolishing
documents wr.ich specify risk levels of compounds 'ound in resource recovery plants anc
by initiating an Agency plan for a comparative risk analysis of alternative waste
management strategies.
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'9S1. Ex;1a";tion o* Chance f »*ct Suscet Estimate
The let increase cf 52^-5,100 results f-cm several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 193: oucget estimate was sucrcitted, °resident Carter transmitted
revisions to tne budget (House Document 56-29»); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries ana Expenses, "he -eduction
aopiied to this activity 1s S4.2CC.
- The Congress reduced angencywiae travei costs by 5350,000; a decrease of S2.200
was aooiiec to this activity.
"he Congress reduced agencywiae consisting service by S3.3 nil lion; a decrease
of SI, 100 was acplied to tms activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of S7.5 million to tne Abaterient, Control
ana Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $13,500 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced acencywlde A3P services by S2 million; a decrease of S6.BC0
was applied to tnis activity.
- Ar. increase of S3.100 -esults from tne cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
Included in a proposed supplemental approor-iation.
- Reprograimrings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $257,500 to "egulafons guidelines and sol Icies/hazarscus waste.
- Transfers resulted in an increase of $539,000; frcm regulations, guidelines and
polices/solid waste ($175,CC0) and from regulations, guidelines and policies/
nazardous waste !$264,jC0) to suoport the immediate need to begin evaluation
of dioxm contamination in resource recovery plant stacks.
- Vi internal aaencywide reduction of 51,730,300 to other contractual services is
being -naae in order to fund 3CS8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $13,000.
- The Department of Housing and 'Jrpan Development-Independent Agencies Aooropr;at"on
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. Tnis
one oercent authority "'s being implemented by transferring funas from the Research
and Development and the Afcatenent, Control and Compliance appropriations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund ?CAB deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity is $9,500.
- Transfer of $25,000 fron solid waste regulations, guidelines and policies to fund a
contract.
1932 Plan
The 1982 resources requested for the program are 9 permanent woricyears and $670,600,
of which 335,600 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $235,300
-------
>. conjunct'or. «i'.h tne : nc^st'y stucies ccnsucted as oir~. o' tne f;a:araous waste
p-ogra", cur-ent aid state-of-the-art technologies and practices 'or recove-y >nc 'e-jse
3* ir.ajstr-.a' hacaraous wastes mill 0e assesses in operational, econc~ic and erv:ror.^ntal
terns.
A,r. annual jpaate o-r the Inte-agency 5-year Resource '.eccvery ;">an will se preparec
for s:Jtmiss-.on to Congress. further ceveioo.iwr.t of 3CRA. Section 6032 guiaelines specify-.;
tne recycled content :n 'eceral'.y procured office paper, h-cnway construction listeria's
ana coroost will cccu- prior to orprtjlgation In early 1352.
^12 & ZZ w 0r 1 **9 *^?5*0nS *7\£ H 2 C ° "Vs ** * t* c^oss^ou* c'
the 5" cooperative ac-ee^^t projects *unaed with local resource recovery grants *.n orce--
to teT.'.nate tne rece-al -tie in tne program. As orig:nally erv.sioned, this p'ogran was
'jnced py £?A for three years "!r??-31) to provioe tne necessary impetus to '.oca' governments
to pian resource recovery system appropriate tc tneir conixm ties' needs.
Chance f-om Janua-v Secuest
This resuest represents a decrease of S3AS.300 from tne January budget in *t>ate?nent.
Control ar.c Coixliance. a result of tnis reduction in resources, neacouarters *1"" r.c
longer exoanc tne cox'.n r-st assessiient orograr.. as orev.ous'y planned, concuct -esource
-ecove^ se--nars tc support •. r.* o~r.ati or. and tecnnolcgy transfer tc local dec.s*. or T^
-------
Fiicnc* al *S3*Stjrce
Succet C.-r-ent ;rc~ease
Actual E-jf-at? Isfnate ict^te Cec-sase
i?cQ i="i :??: :??: :??z /s. :?
• co! * ars ;n tnci:s3"s$.
1 2 - *
•israrcs-js *»ste "ana^e-
¦wnt r:ianc-.a! ^ss-stance
to S: i'.is:
^oater-eir, Control anc
-.jn-i-mce s:3.:?2 S3c,:c3 *2C,:oo s-:."cc -s::,~co
So i"d n'aste ^anaceors.......
~i'1 l-fne Scu'vaiency
succet :»T.-«st
"he Acency reouest *cr this 5uccet s-bact& waste ?»naoe!nent orco*»s and to 'oca* cavemnent ;rantees *cr -escurce and
energy -ecove'v orcjects consistent e State Is oce-atlng.
Km-Z
-------
3c * « u ? c °-~T'St2"C? t C St2tS£
""nrou;1-, *?S1 this c-og^ir orpviccs c-arts to State solid waste T.anaoe-y systems ir, their communities. This prcgrgn
•s ?'.annec *'c- *undin$ thrcucr. 1551.
-.-.:Ar.::us »-.z~z u.-m-2Z^zs~ -iwr„:^ ass:;tan" ~c state;
193C Acper.pl 1 shnerts
3-ar.ts totalling SiS.C32.20C we awarded in 1933. financial assistance was a'lo-
cated to all States for use in developing a substantially equivalent hararcous waste
prog-ar. el'clbls f;r irte-'D i,jtKc""'r;t'cr. States w^'Ved to establish legislative and
-ecc'atory powers reauirec to ooe'Jte a ;rog-an which regulates the sa.-ne wastes, manages
tre Sd.-ne aspects or hazardous waste :oeraticns (generation, transportation, treat^vert,
storage an; disposal), anc prov-aes substantially eauiva'ent protection to hur.an health
and tne environment as tne federal progrer,. Phase ! interin author ration is keyed to
3C-.A shase I regulatory 0-og-an a~d applies to the States' generator and t-ansocte-
recu* -enertt aid preliminary 'acillty standards. States also continued to hire andor
t-am sta'*, within thei- resource constraints, caoaoie to devel oo and implement a harar-
cous *aste management program.
In 1950 States prepared to apply for Phase I irter'n authorization status. To re-
ceive irtci.T- authorisation - 5hase ! or Phase "! - a State prog~an is required tc nave:
- legislative ajt-c-ty adecuate for the State to car-y out its -esoonsit < 1 ity
for that pnase;
- regulations In ef'ect necessa-y to implement tne recuirenerts of tnat phase;
- control eve- a substantial rr«i;orlty cf ha:ardous wastes generates, transported,
t-eated. stc-ec arc disposed of in the State;
- capacity tc inspect, nonitO"-, and -ecuire recordkeeping, reporting and •xnltoring
in orde- to determine compliance with the requirements of that prase;
- enforcement capabilities adea-jate tp ensure compliance *ith the recui-enents of
that onase; and
- adeouate resources to administer and enforce the resuirerwnts of that phase.
Tne total ca-^ent estimate *or this program Is S2C.C00.CCC for Abatement, Contro'
and Conpllance. This reflects ar Inc-ease of Sll.rlT.SOC over the 13S3 ociicatec level
reflect'no tne p^icity status a'^orced tne management of haiaroous waste. These 'uncs
will allow States to continue to develop and Implement hazardous waste •Mnage.-ent progras
KW - 2 5
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1931, St2tss w. * t3 ® * v ? £•*'¦"'. i'-tHcr*rzt'rr.. !**t?r*n j'jfDf'zs-
States »i"' :e e1 icis'e far tKe** ~•jl 1 grant al locavcn estas'.isnec sy 'c-iu1 a. Six
-xnt-s c'ter prornu"; cation of .r?cer3l 'hase II St a rearer States wiri oe ?i-c"b'e to arc ly
*sr Phase II inters author* sat*.on. 5hase II author-ration w*'*' oe :r>rtec to these
c-2t2s a' ~eacy 2Jthcr*zed 'or ^ase 1, i^c to tnese itates aoplv*rc *or ^h»se I arc II
aut'.or-zaf. on smultareously. It is axp^cted tnat dur-ng :.-e oe-'cc o* interim authori-
zation States will ucgraoe their procra.*ns tc ;uz:iry tresi for f;nai authorization.
States ineligible 'or 'nterim author-rati on in 158'. car, -ecaive grant xjn !s to
continue ceveico'ng a program el'cisle for authorization, arte to ocerate aspects of tne
receral rrcgram as oegefated tnroogh Cooperative Arrarge-terts. "nese jnautfior"'zed
St3tes will enter into Cooperative Arrangements witn E?A in wnicn an application 'or
"nanc'al assistance : s ewened Kith a plan 'or worxing toward autnoriration. surdlnc
of Coooerative Arrangement States will be sased on negotiated tas
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*.».$« s. "".'\mji":.> ¦ r,Yv>w,%. r,:j,5in.iv; ¦ v 5 : * ¦ ~.:
'33C Acconr11 sr.nerts
Ir 7930 sc 1:c waste managene-.t financ'al assistance tctalec SI*.011,103. States
continued -.o cevelco their State comcrenensive solid waits ^nagenent plans consistent
witn trie reoinrerients of Suctitle 0 cx RCRA. States also estafclisned legislative and
-egulato-y authority, wnere it nad not previous1 v existe-d, necessary to oversee and
manage non-naiardous waste, and st-e-.gthened thei- capability to assume solid waste
management responsibilities consistc.t with RCRA.
A major activity in 1930 was the initial inventory of so!
-------
lhanc® fron n?C'J¦ St
*v**s ••AQu^st ^•or®c^nts 2 -?c*"®2S6 zf 55tCCC,CCC t f.s **j2**y budcsts, 21 ?f
***' cn *s •* Centre* a^o 2or.;l: arcs, "^ere w. *' re no *®cera1 *-",.cs *3*" Stitss'
• t.-*iene^tst*cn cf :ne*r ccccsr.eHsv/* so*'- w>jta ~c^3?er«ent 2: a ~ c; to su?;??".
concletion arc revision of Ctate plans act aocroved :ur-rc '531; ?r xcr St'tas t: coifnye
tneir "inventory of solid *aste land disposal sites jsiiq the C.-^ter'a 'or Class'-'yinc Sclid
«aste C'soosal rac" ittes. T>.is re**.ects an acceleration of the p'anned pnase-cut o'
S-otitle : jr3r.t fading, as date programs .-ecane se'-J-$upoorv"g.
•.CCAL %;• CC'JICI «E"0VE3Y r!vASCIAt ASS!j'tNCI
'??C Acco^olisnmertp
' ?2C solvations totaled $*2,3?9,CCj. !n 1930, ^'4 provided funds to 51 co-muni ties
se'ectec a /ear ea-^'e" for -escurce "ecovcy grants \incer the -roan 3o:icy 3-ocr!,n.
"hese '•-•nds are iwar-:ec in is nany is tnree onases -- feasibility analysis ;?nase
I), planning orocurc*nt (Phase II) and procurement fhase III). In 1580, 21 projects
were ccnpletely 'unced through 3hase II. These activities Kill incrove tne prcbabi 11ty
o* successful "nclenentatlon of ^source ard energy recovery systems by the participating
cxi.tiLnitias. The "eoera! 'Partial assistance he)?; pver-^nwf * •na;or barker to
jrsan resource recovery ins' enentation 5* - -.at eouate 'undirg 'cr p'annmg activities,
'he 51 pro-ects pe'r.g supported reoresent nearly 201 of the national municipal solid
waste stresn. Tne orojects a":so represent 1 potential total construction expenditure
;f over 5- pillion 3rd will provide over Z.CCO per-nanent ;ofcs.
A preliminary evaluation perfcr-ned In 19S0 Indicated this program is estaal «suing
the necessary national -cnentun towards resource recovery as a preferred solid
«aste -arager^ent technique. Lxanples incluce a scLrce ^epa^ation project "-n s0*
3r*ta'n, ^or.nect'cjt in which tne ocnrvjnity planned and 'op?e-ientad a city-^ide :urt>
s'de source separition progran, and 3 Hlllsboro County, "pnea ;ro:ecz 'n wr-.cn the
county developed regional solid waste authcr'ty tc ,np1e^wnt several large scale
resource '•ecovery projects in the near future.
federal er.pnasls or resource and energy recovery, through this ''larcial assistance
prpgran, helped create a sel f-sustaimng resource and energy recovery industry ir.d
contributed to cornunlty confidence in the avallaDility and operating axoe""ence of
'•esource ¦-ecove'-y systems. Federal ercouragenert, as is currently peinq orovced.
is cresting both the technical, financial, legal antf renage-wt skills anc tne 'ocal
cornunity nar«iet5 to ^ainta'n a nationally visible level of resource recove-y •mole-
nentaticn.
*981
T^e total cur-e*t estimate for this proga.n is S-t,CCG,C00 for Abatertent. Control
anc Compliance. will conolete fund'ng 'or feasipility st-cies, procurement
olanning, and project develoc.-nent activities to improve tne prosaoility of successful
•noler*ntation of resource and energy recovery systems by particioaf rg comunifes.
Seven projects (Portland, Oregon; Central Massachusetts; Virgin Islands; San rranc'sco;
3altincre; Bet 1 County,
-------
E.ro" anat' or o'" Chare? S^Ccct "st'^iate
•ed a -eduction ox S6.CCD.0CC to resource <-ecove-y grants.
•S5-5 51
ar
CPA requests no resources for th's program 1r. *932. The proa ram, Initiated In 1979,
' s i three-ve»r program designed to stimulate local level resource recovery, i.s these
tn'f.al conn*.tnents nave aeen fcifl1. led, no additional 'eoeral funding Is reoui-ed to
assure the succecsfu; iff.rlenentation of the resource -ecove-y projects by the comuniftes.
Charce *rcrt Jarui-v Rerjest
'his reoaect presents a Decrease of Sc,53C,S0C 'ron the January ouiget in icate-wr.t,
torero" a-c Cone" lance. W'tnout these -escjrces, the Fede-a". conrvtraent to so^e of the
::tmg cotv.t 111 es «ri 11 net se funded to tr.e extent originally proposed, anc 'ma'
stages of sot* projects, such as bid preparation and evaluation, preparation cf contracts
to secure the waste stream and narfcets for the resource recovery system, and site selection
will becor*; the full responsibility of the local comuMty to fund.
HW-3C
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•aste var.ag9-«r.; Ifateg"«: .".ener.tifji
3-ccet l.-r-ent Increase -
Actual isttwts i:t:-c-ease -
IScC l?cl • a;; 1SS2 1S82 *s. ".3:1
:;i ;ar; in t-.cusancs,
14 ZITtZJS «2 ste
u2-ace-«r.t ?.e,u;it;ry
Strata-pas ar-.e",ration:
Sa'ar'es inc Excesses... S3»392 55,052 Sc.Sc-i S7,;?4 -1,110
-'.rat went, Icnt-cl
anc Cstroi lance ?3 1,013 3,5?4 2,353 -1,026
Sol -d Waste *anaganent
Program l.noleneRtatlon:
Satar-es and Excenses..
iiatenent, Central
it-.z Ic.-noi '.ar.ee ....
7cta<:
Sa* a-~es anc Lxrenses..
Abatement, lortril
and ~z*z'< ; jnce........
3ranc *ctai
3 gr(g*s* S"! t" C*S
-a:2r:o'.s .aste "anaie^eiv
3.eo*j! ix:ry lt*3te^"ss
iTcienentat'en
ta**s «'aste uanagerr.ent
'rcgrar. Isoltrentation .
To? a 1
cu*'-;iae »c'jtv»ie-.cy
Ha;ar;cas «as:e "anice.-*n
3egulitory Strategies
Inpl amentaon
Solid Waste Hanagement
Program I.-spl snantatian..
Total
1.3C9 1.078 1,123 60 -1.363
15 '5 15 ... 15
A, -101 13,130 7 , 707 7 , 75- - -7
109 2 ,~22 S.?C? 2.?;? ,751
». 509 13,163 11,715 10,712 -1.304
93 ;?7 2ZZ 1S5 - 13
a.* 25 22 2 2C
133 252 2i0 197 - 43
112 275 251 2<3 - 2
<8 38 34 2 . 22
160 313 2S5 245 - 40
rfW-31
-------
ne -eso'-rces requested for tms bccget subactivlty »-e S10.7n.tCC n: '97 pe~w-
ner.t .vorfcyears ai'ocated tc national hararcous anc solid waste nvar.a servant as follows.
"he resources recuested for hazardous waste are S10, € £ I. £C0 and ?9£ oerr.anent
wo-vyears. >.i« ir,eludes a total of S7,693,500 for Salaries and Expenses and $2,958,100
for Aoaienent, Control anc Caroliance--an increase of S1.1C9.900 in Salaries and Expenses
anc a decease of II,02c.000 ir Asatener.t, Control and Ccraliance. Tne net chance 'S ar.
increase of S73.5CC. Permanent tiCKyei-i aecrease oy 13. Delayed y~om"cation o' *»gu-
'> at ions governing la^c cispcsal postpones autnor*:at*cn States tc re-—r.-.t 'and d'socsal
'dc'^fss anc tner*ty "ec-ces tr,e nee: 'or Abate~«nt, Control anc Corel "'ance resoj*-;®;
• - iogj _
"ne Solid Waste resource recuest totals S6C.0C0 and 2 permanent wortyeart, a1! z*
wmcn is 'or Salaries and Expenses. Tnis represents a decrease of 30 perrnarent wortyears
and SI,075.30C, resulting from the accelerated phase-out of Subtile 0 grant resources.
P'Ocr;r. Description
nciarccus «aste kianace"*en*
The -'.atarcous «aste "anagenent Regulatory Strategies Implementation orog-jn ncorpo-
rates trie regional activities necessary to oversee, and operate when reouirec, trie RCR"
•"v-satec r.aiarcous waste crograr.. 'Jrae' Subtitle C of RCRA, regions assist States m
ce.e'oo'.ng substantial ly ecuivalent haca-cous waste irianagenent programs to ouali'y for
interim autno---,:>f on, anc 'ullv ecu*valent program to coaHfv fc '¦>.*»' author-rat• on
«nen applicable. The regions' respensipi 1ity incluces aomi fnstraf.on o* trie :-ogran
icay-to-day -nanaoenen: and special prcole.D solving), and either operation of programs in
l-'eu of delegated State responsibility or oversight of State operation. Major activities
include trie rum'est system, technical review of permits, aualitv control. a no programs
tc assure cornel *.ancc witr. RCRA haiarcous waste regulations.
Sc'*c * zzz 2 *t*cr
So'id Wiste ".anacertent 5'og'i~ Tler^entafcn incluaes regional activities that
ir.c-ease tr.e aoility of States to lmc'.enent solid waste T«anacer«Pt programs unce' Subt-t'
C RCRA. 'until full assumption oy tne States in 19S2 of Subtitle C program, tie Z~'
regions ove-see State procedures for conducting the Sol-d Waste disposa1 site -nvento-y
rscarce unce' Suotitle 0 of RCRA; assist States in developing their cororenensive So'.ic
waste Xanagenent 3lans and m developing anc irclenenting the non-ha:arcous waste regula-
tory prograx; xanage the Uroan Policy Resource Recovery grants within tneir Region; ana
negotiate grant-'unced solid waste activities with the States.
'-iACAROOlS WATTE
19SC Accomol" shirts
In 1950. obligations totaled S2.1S5.300, of which S52.20C was used for extrarural
purposes, "ne sa;cr activity of tne reg-ons was support tc tne States to develop and
'..to-enent prpg-ams oua'i'ying then for interim autnor:ration. Regions assisted tne
States m oevelopmg legislative authority, -egulatory powers, an: prog-jn strategy
reouirec to inclerent a substantially equivalent nacarcous waste program, and assisted
States prepare tne ?hase 1 Interim Author-.ration application packages.
In 1950. the regions were responsible for the negotiation, award, ar.d ove-sicnt of
State narardous waste grants to assist States in continuing to develop hararaous waste
¦•nanageTent programs, "ne regions also negotiated the hazardous waste portion of tne
State/E?A ag-eener.ts witn otr.er participating programs.
-------
"he "egicns «e_e "itecral'y i
ivplvec in the ncti'"cati:n :r
cciss. "hey -espcnced
"for-ati :r. r=cjesti fro.- ca-'di
date n.a:irdcos «aste r.an-.-/*-s.
ass-.stec "of^i'5 "n
'•er.ig the 'zr~s. and prov.cec
'ar*cus P.-cc?-jjrajnd ;uo', ic
education sjocort acti
es. ns of Septarcer SC. UcC,
S5.SC0 notifications iac Peer
received.
"he regions strengthened t-reir own caoaoi 1 ities *3 "irc'er-en; a recer>I Hazardous
«as;e program in jnautnorized States. Activities cnvcal to ircle.iventaticn i* tr.e
program 'nc'ude technical review of oenvt aco!*catior,3. "}ie> also ennanced tneir zzzi-
51'ity to coerate othe^ 3C*A-recuired nazarocus waste programs inc'-joina ramfest systems,
and Acency cua'ity assurance programs.
"he -egiins also iegan acv'sino facility owre-s a.id operators on accl'tavon proce-
dures 'or ;.C."A -azarcous waste pe—nits, process"ig approximately Z5.3CC initial -ecuests
':r 'art \ pemit aocli tif.cn oacsaces I9c3. ire assisting acoiica.its in tr.e corrc'etion
of the application *nen difficulties arose.
3y filing a Part A application, consisting of general information concerning the
faculty and a hazardous waste permit aoplication, the facility is entitled to interim
status. The regions processed Part A applications, as suD.nitted, oeginning in late
i joC.
' 331 5';c':n
">e total c.rrent estimate for this program is 2Zz penarent worent. Control and Ccti1 iance.
In "58' the regions will continue to negotiate, aware and ac.mmster tie State
hazardous waste grants, and coordinate the nazardcus waste ocrv on of the annua' State'
V>A agreervents with pther participating programs. In States not acnevng ^r.ter-^i aut.-.o-
.-•zition out desiring to operate ele.'nents of tne Hazardous waste prog-am. tne -ecic-is
will -.egctiate soeci'ic portions of the nazardous waste program fcr wnc-i t.ie States
w 11 ;e resDor.S'.ale. ~ne grants a«aroed to these Cooperative irranga-wnt States will
refect tnese negctiations. With tne approval of tne ic.mnist-Jtor, tne Agency
reprogram jnooligated 3ra.1t funcs to defray trie costs of poeratlrc a 'ederal orogra.11 m
jnauthcrized ar.d non-oarticipating States. These reorogr i.mec f-jncs will s-ocle^ent
the regions' contractor support funds.
In 1931, the regions wi'1 wcrx extensively with States applying *zr inter-.n autho-
rization. The regions assist States : n preparing a dr3ft plan for susr.ission to EPA 'or
"ev-cw and coimer.t and subsequent revision by the States as necessary. After receiving
the States' revised packages, the regions review tne application 'or coraleteness and
initiate tne 20-day puolic conrner.t proceedings. Regions review and respond to tne co:rv-
•nents received anc issue an approval ,'di sapproval of ?hase I inter in authorization. The
regions anticipate that 24 States will achieve interia authorization during 193'.
During 1331 the regions are responsible for overseeing Inter'^authorized States'
wcr* tward Phase II and final authorization. Regions will assist States applying for
shase II intent authorization in late 1951. Tne regional cversignt activities in
1931 include technical guidance to Soth States ana hazardous waste ranagerer.t 'acili-
ties 3n operation of tne .ranifest system and review of e*ceot1on/discrecancy reocr^s;
nonitonng the States' progrm authorization status; ensuring consistent i~lerientation
jt -nteri.-n stancarcs; anc identificition and resolution of proolera that occur aur-.ng
irol enentation.
HK-23
-------
"he •¦x'e^-.taf.cr z' nazarcous waste c«;,-ige~e"t program "in vinautnor''zee States -s
also tr.e region:, resoor.s'. o il • ty. P.eg'.ona! inciuce tne • .no' ewer.taf. or anc
operation of tr.e r.ari-'est system and nandlirg ?*ceotior'Cscrepancy -"per-s; p-cviong
rev;ei< an; technical evaluation of facility permits; anc responding to cuestions and
resolving prooleos of generators, transporters and facility owners regarding the h^za-dous
waste regulations. The regions w'll operate the Pede-al r.aza-cojs waste program -j it«1
trie States acmeve mtenn or final autno-ization. V.eorogrjrned State hazardous waste
grant 'uncs wil'. ne'.o support regional coeratlor. of tne feceral program.
Cu-mc early 1581 -egions will continue to process ea-t A perr.lt reouests. Eased
user. t.is pe--.it p-*cr*ty system gi'.ng p-lcnty to new, ~ccel anc octentia". 1/ dar.ce-ous
*'ac ; • t•.es, t*e -?g-ors **11 oegm *cr :art B arc", icjti:rs. serr.:ttinc oe
•r.-tiatec 'zr tr.ese on-site anc of'-site treatment an: S'sacsa*- 'acil'f.es m '.ate
e
tne Pasis for ixdifying st-ateqv tc carry or, extensive oeT.ittmg in 19£2. The extra-
.Tural resources in SSfund contractor support to the regions and the States Py o'-ov'c-
¦ng tecnn-.ca: support in evaluating indivicjal permit applications and enhancing -egior.al
tecnncal pe—rutting oversight activities for interim autno-'zed States.
In ear'v 19S1, the regions will continue to process not4 ficaf.or. forns as late anc
new nazaroous waste nanc'e-s nctify. The regions also will oe resoorsiole 'or handing
-a* not i*-.Cations reccirec as l-k promulgates additions to tne P.CP.A §2301 listing
-egjlat 1ons.
' w£= " •. 3 c o' rh*'"c^ Esthete
Tne net cec-ease of SI,452,200 results fro* several actions, as follows:
- Snort ly a'te- tie 1931 oudgct estirnate was Si."-,ttec. President Carr:er t-ar.s-
-itted revisions to tne ruoget (House Doc-jnent 96-2?-;-, tnese revisions -esulttc
• r. a decrease of S~ million to EPA's reouest for Sa',aries and Lxoenses. Tr.e
reoucf.on apolied to this activity is 5*3,100.
The Congress reduce: acencywiae travel cost by $£90,000; a cecrease of 11^,100
<»as applied to tnis actw.ty,
"he Cong-ess resucec agencywiae consulting services 5y S3.3 million; a decease
o* SISC.iCC was applied to this activity.
- Tne Congress apolied a cene-al recucticn of S7-5 million to tr.e 'satenent, Cor,t-ol
and Co^eliance appropriation; a decrease of $47,200 was aopltec tc this activity.
- An increase of 596,200 results fron the cost of the October 19S0 cay raise and
is included in a proposed suoplerental appropriation.
- -.er-og-arrir.cs tc 'ealigr salary and -elated costs to -wet on-t>oard needs
resu'tec in c net transfe- ze -S?9C,;00: *ror. uncortrollec nazarc-jus waste s-tes
!-$ll,10C); ouPlic systenis supe-visicn prccra.r. ass' star.ce', - S15.400); anc to water
quality ervironmental erergency response anc p-evention (-S3,100); dreoge anc fill
(-J1;,90C); anient «ate- ouality nKinitoring,-51T3,300); municipal waste treat-
ment fac'lity constructioni-SiSS .500); iruroower planning anc trai ning?-J4,10C;;
Ni?A coTc'iiance-ajnicioal waste facility construction 1 -S25,000;; solid waste
uncontrolled hazaroous waste sites(-S2£,900); solid waste technical assistance
delivery headcuarteri(-S2.200;; solid waste technical assistance delivery-regions
HW- 3^
-------
- S12 . SCC ¦, so i-d *aste -inace^": crc:r37, ;-o • e^e"* avc- •'-IE .2C0' ; cv-K-ng
¦iter jncergro^'-.d ¦ n^ecv.or. control prccran,'-Sll,2C0!, :iS'.'CHS jse -vanage-er.t
;-S12,3C0j; :esf.c-ces enf crce~.ant;-S67.5-201, rici ;t".c. orograr. :~!er>ertat" cn
(-52,500); noue regional cruras icciewentation;.-S12, "20:; 1 r.terdi sci 0; 1 na~v
512 ~®v. ew-ai ,2C0 '•; £12 -eview-water cullity ;-$7 ,500), erer'jv -;v;« ar.a
:;rsitvrGi'-S2.'.CCV, texes -.arag=-\ert'-S2S, 7C0:; ir>d to :r?grjn r.jnage-«it
reg-onal counsel (-$22,3001, r29-.or.ai T.ar.agettent(-$55,2CC;, and regional oersonnel
T»anacement(-SH,2CC).
Transfer of S3,3C0 tc jncontrol1ed hazardous waste site; 1.1 order *0 cover
neezzar-j supplies anc iMtsjvais.
"ransfer of $22,500 from ardent air duality ncnitcr-ng -n oroer to prov'de 'or
so.TcIa analyses of hazardous Tiaterials.
Transfer of $50,000 to hazardous waste per-m?t enforcement '.n order to supoort jn
ACP contract for RCXA notification Part A, to esta&Hsh and complete the inital
program registry and data base.
Tranfer of $13,700 to hazardous waste enforce-iient in oner to provide basic lao
sjpccrt.
Transfe*- of $12,000 to sol id w3Jte i\anagement orocrJfl ir.ole.ner.tati or. ;n order to
prr^ce acsltrcra1 suoport to ncld the ouclic near^ng mandated as oart of the
State o'an jpproval process.
T-ans'er of $1,500 to -asiation jrcgraa '-T.o:e?nentafon in order to cover tie
cost of procuring 1 lead or
-------
•, r. order
«:* "~r
acer,
£.
:ywice recuction of Sc,£52,200 tc ecuipoent costs is being mace
-CaE ceficitp; the recursion applied to tns activity is
- iji interna! jgencywide reduction of S1,79C,300 to other oontrecti.il se-vices is
being mace orce- to fund 2Ci: defici'.s; tne -eduction applied to tr.is
activity is $A3,220.
- Aaencywide increases ire requires in order tc fund the cCiS deficits; the
Increase appliec to this activity Is S5S.CCC.
rsi -ecuests a total of 195 pe-nanent wo-ryear; and S10,S5i,SCC, of wrich S7,£93,50C
is for Salines and Expenses and S2,956,ICO is for Afcatene.it, Control and Coraliance.
This ••eflecti a decrease of 13 persianent worsyears and an increase of $72,900 from the
1531 current estimate.
°egions in 1952 *111 negotiate tne State hazardous waste grants to interia authorizes
arc Cccoe-ative Arrangement States. In Cooperative Arrangement States, tne regions *nll
c:e-;te these ascects cf t~e reder:1 prcgrsn the States have not assir.es, inclucing tne
tecnr*ci: evaluation -«cui-»c in the permitting process. Functions coeratec Dy the
region "1 oe specified in State-E'A grant negotiations. Funds net awarded to the
States «ril oe reprcgrameo tc the Agency to help finance operation of the -eceral program
i" -nautnorizec States.
resources in 1?E2 allow regions to continue tc aaxinister the hazardous »aste pro-
gram, ana assist the States in moving toward final authorization. EPA regions will
cent•rue the interim authorization process, vrrfcing with those unauthorized States tc
ceve'op anc strengthen their programs, ar.d ensuring that all authorized programs meet
t.-.e "substantia* eou'vj'once* rg-.j e-;ts.
fcegicns will assist States sfll lacking ?hase :: tr.teris authorization construct
fs autner?z-ticn packages, as they die for =hase I authorizat'on. 3ecause tne ?nase II
regulations are being prenyl gated in stages, the regions will assist all the States
apply for tne seconc stage cf Phase II authorization during 1982.
Se~nittinc of treatment, storaoc, aic disposal facilities w-11 oe a 'ecus of the
-eciors in 15£2. Target facilities induce new anc expanding 'tcilities tc ensure avail a-
oility of aceouate d-sposal capacity, and those facilities with potential to cause the
rest severe environoenta' anc public health problems. The perr.its will oe based on
"Sest ingine»-mg Judgment" [SEJ) ana -ssued to facilities using the best available
technology. Facilities will have tc be evaluated, therefore, on a case-by-case basis
with extensive analysis tc ensure conpl-.ance with SEJ standards, "he regional technical
staf' also will be responsible for participating in response to public coment, anc in
public hearings as required by RCSA tefcre issuing a permit.
The Abatement, Control and Compliance resources requested ir. this c-ogra.n *und the
support of contractors reculred tc provide ir>-desth technical review and evaluation of
the peTit applications and incividual facility evaluations against the BEJ stancards.
'nese -esources will allow E-A tc sieet tr.e first yea- plan of the six ye a- permitting
strategy, "r.e initial BEJ pemts neec tc be revised as BEJ stancarcs are -e'inec
and national tcandarcs a-e pram/, cites.
Chance *-y j»nua-v Seemst
Trls -ecuest represents a decrease of ScC.iCO fros the January buoget, all of wnch
is m Salaries anc Expenses. This otcrease will result in no significant progra.-rrcatic
ir-oact.
HW2S
-------
sc.:: *as~z
I?cS -ccc~:i'sn-^rts
Ir. 1SSC ocl'gationi tctaied SI.2Z3.2CC, of wnicn $15,000 was used for extradural
purposes, "he -egions were respons-ole for t.-,e negotiation, a
-------
"rie net T.c-ejse of 5*5.230 results *—yr. several actions. es 'ol'.ows:
Sno-tly after the 1581 budget esfnate was suomtted. -"resicert Zf~.tr
trirsn>*tei rev*sions to tie ouaoet (house 2-ocument 9 £ - 29-i "¦; these -ev^'ons
resultec 'in 3 cec-ease of 57 ni 11 ion to EPA's request for Salar'. es and Expenses.
~ne recucticn applies to this activity 1s Ss.SCC.
An ;rcrease 3* J1:,30C results f^on tke cost z* the October 193C- pay ^i'se
tic -s induced in a o-cicsec supc'1 e-vntal aoprppr-at;on.
- Reorograrr.ings to realign salary an; rjlatec costs to rr-eet or>-ooari neecs
-esulted ' n j net transfer of •$22,200: frwr, n>:aroous waste r.ar,agenvent -ecul atory
strategies t:xle^entaticr. ;Sc,333); froe uncontroi led hazarcous waste sites
(526,300); from hazardous waste enforce.iwnt -VS6,3001; froo planning, evaluation
anc analysis ($4,530); from regional financial sanagenent (S90C); and ;c regional
njnagener.t (55,400); -ecional counsel (5230); energy' review ana oemitting
(51,902'; uncontrolled hazardous waste site ;SZA,300}; and municipal waste
treatJient facility construction '535,700;.
- "-insfer of 52*.500: fross sol id waste te:nnent Plans, submitted in 1981, are approve;, -eg'ons
will p'ovioe 11rrntec initial guidance to tr.e States to ins lenient the Plans. Due to
effective regional and State coordination ojrirc tne aevelooner.t of the Plans, only
minima! I?A nanagenent at the onset of 5lan lnpler^entati on is reauired.
Qha-'ae f|*pT. January Secuest
"r:s -eauest rep-ese'.t: a cec-ease o* 5227,5CC and 22 oerrjner.t wo-ryee-s fror the
Jar.ua-;- buaget, zf wni-n 5212,502 is for Salaries anc Expenses and 515.000 'r Abate.T»e'.t,
Cont-o'. ana Eoto' iar.ee. "ne "eSwCtior. 's related to the te~mafon of the 3»5ftle 2
anc "esource ro;cve-y crar.t o-ograms. With recucsa 'esou-ces, regions wil' no 'onger
assist States to revse ana l^clerent their Sciid »aste ^anage.'nent ='ians; regional
sianagefner.t of land disposal facilities review by the States anc input to the Doer >„ar
Inventory will ae i' scour.t inued; and rianacenent of the close-out of tr.e loca' ursan
Resource '-eccve^y grant projects (fjneed 1979-1S31) will net se croviaec sy the regions.
K»-3S
-------
Eudcet Cjrrent Increase
Actual isf^te isf.r.ate Estate Decrease
;5cO l?cl 1531 ;9S2 1932 vs. 1
.co'ilars "n t.-ocsancs;
A;c?;r • at • or
. ftcnn;c«i ..iTsrnation
Develc one^t:
ialar-es 3rd Expenses... S1,C"3 S1.23-i 5 3*2 S ... -S ?"2
Abater.ent, Control ana
Coirs liancs 1,232 iCO 5-0 ... - 5»G
"oiid Waste Technical
Assistance Delivery/
-------
i-ucget .urre-.t .nc-ease »
Actual Estimate Estate Secrease -
19S2 19?'. 19:1 1932 19?2 vs. 13S1
[dollars •• r. tncusa-.os
rul 1-firr>e Ecuiva*ency
iecnn*cat indorsation
Develoonent 22 1? 15 ... - 1:
Sol id *aste Technical
As 3: s:2-s-s Del i very "-ead-
m-®rtsrs i 2 Z « '
Sol *.: «aste Tecnrr.cai
As5'.stance Delivery/
Regions 13 IS IZ ... - U
Total « 25 29 ... - 29
5uCC*?t K0C'JfiSt.
Mo resources 3re requested far th's susactivity for the 'oil owing -easons:
Consistent with the airi,?ial "ederal role 1n guicance and suroor* for state and local
scl*c waste anc •-eso-jrce recovery activities, and trie Inc-eased responsibility of States
for Suotitle 2 irxlementatian, tecnr.i cal assistance in these areas *11! not se necessa-y
a'ter 1321. Also, technical assistance to the States for hazardous waste program i.tcie-
aentstior. cwlicstss iaoltnentation guidance ana pemit seve1 cjaent contractor assistance
funces in tne '*aste Manage-ncnt St-ategies Inc".dentation prog-ar..
"he corocs'tion, pus'i cati or,'and d'ssenlr.aticn of w.A rule-r.an1nc ane Pacicg-ounc
ocedents will, oeginnirg 1532. ise irco-porated in tne hazardous waste, solid waste anc
"•source recovery srogra-ss whicn tney directly support.
*3Tt JSS-** * 2t * C*
Tr.-cvsn 1SS1 *unoing ur.ee- this sucactivity enables E?A to orov.de State ana 'Otal
goverrvner.ts. as well as "eaeral agencies, with conprenensive technical assistance or,
sol :d ana hazardous waste Mnjos.'sent ant resource conservation and recovery. E?A *s
also aole to r^nage a pat*citatory ouonc education, and info-Mtion program, as <»«',*
as sevelot and provide technical inforrr^tioR concern!ns imo'esentat ion cf S2SA -eg^ • i-
tiors, policies anc progra®. Section 2CC5;pS of RCRA*authcr
-------
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'Jnce- t.-.e tecnr,-1;;! ; nf o—-.cti on p-oc-arr., the pre-a-at:on, pur'icat ion a.?o d-striou-
tion of information cccjrer.ts ans reports will continue an: acditionil regional con-'erences.
'or I?A personnel involves in RCRA inoleroentation, will be neld.
'9-1 ExT* 1 ar*at*'or of Cha-ce *""grr, 5'jdoet Estimate
Tne net decrease cf SI30,50C results 'ron several actions, as follows:
£hcrt":y after tie 1551 Duccet estimate was suDRitted, s"*esider.t Carte"" transmitted
revisions to tne sucget {House Document 95-25-i); tnese -evis'sss resulted *n a
cecrease of S? mill on to £?A "s reouest for Sala-iet an; £x?erces. The resuctisn
applies to tnis activity is 32,200.
- ""he Congress reduced agencyvide travel costs by S35C.000; a decrease of S2.0C0
was aociied to this activity.
- The Congress recuced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 r.illior.; a decrease
of $43,300 was applied to this activity.
"he Congress applies a general reduction cf $7.5 mi'lion to the Abatement, Cont-ol
and Ccmcliance aporooriat'on; a decrease of S12.40C was acohed to this activity.
- Tne Congress reducec acencywide ADP services by $12 nil Tier.; a aecrease of $7,500
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of 55,500 results frox tne cost of the Octooer 133C pay -aise and
is induces ir a proposes supplemental aooroprlati or,.
- Seorograrrrrncs to realign salary and related costs to rieet on-ioard neecs respites
in a transfer of S2T,SOO: to ""emulations, guidelines anc oolices/hazardous waste
($22,700; and solid waste technical assistance delivery-headcuarte-s ($4,200).
- A trar.sfe"" of $2,IOC was nude to the rad'ation media m order to suopc-t the
Radiation Policy Council.
- CV3 Bulletin #31-3, January 24, 1931, "Reductions in Fiscal Vear 1531 Consulting
anc Related Ce-vices," required a total "-ecuction of $1,794,200 to ccnsu'tnc
services, the recuction applies to this activity is $23,300, wr.ich is to oe
-escineed.
At. internal acencywice reduction of $5,550,000 to ecuipine.it costs is Seine T^ce
in orcer to func ;CSS deficits, the recuction applied to this activity is $CC,00C.
- Tne Oepertr^nt of Housing ano Urpan Develooroent-Inceoendent Agencies Apprppriation
Act, 19£1, permits a one percent transfer authority setween appropriations. This
one percent authority is being imclenented by tranferring funds f-om tne Research
anc Oevelc-poent ans the Aiatenent, Control and CoTOliance aooropr-,aticrs to the
Saiar-es and Expenses appropriation in order to fund PC&3 oeficits; the -esucf.cn
apoliec to this activity is S3,SCO.
- "Transfer of $11,"CO to o-ogram nanagernent to fund participation in tne University
of Southern Cal Ifornia/Environmental M.ar.agener.t Institute.
HV-42
-------
m ae — > a r ;^o »3"^ac* a : • n ~ c ' ~^9£c^2t*Cn, 3 ** 5 »* $ $ £*•*• * " £ " * Z^
z- -Z?'- --'.ir.u«.:-.c arc 2»c<5rctnc zcz-JTJir.it anc tecr.r.-.cai -e:crts :: Icr.cress, cri.-yr • 1y
-elate' to Suctit'-e " crscr >.-.$, »i**i te 'uncec *it.n n tre wi'.e "a-.agessent ?.egul a:- :rs,
jwrcs'*r0s *nc * c i *. c * 6 s ~ r ^ c r i.?, * n * ? £ 2.
Chare® f'Tn Jar.jar"' "eojest
":-s: s -ecuest -ecreser.ts a cec-ease of Sl.S'S.rCC anc II :er*?.arer.t «cr 5'. ,Z
72.5CC is 'o
zater.er.t, Icr-r?:
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ance. As a
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nCSA cccjr.erts.
:r?niar''/
r$1itec ZO i
L-a::tie C, «ri' «
2€ 'U
emulations, guidelines arc policies in 19S2.
"CHNJC." ^SjTSTiNCZ 2f! • yesv _ "-"CIS
^ligations -'or '9cG tctalec S-63.-CC -'cr tr.e £ala--es ar.d Expenses aocrccr-av:n.
£3i "oc-jnai offices continued operation ?f the "scrncal ^ss'starce '.TA) 3a~e's procra.n
r.ardated jr.cer iecvon ZZ02 c* :.3.-A. :.».c vidua! consultant cert-acts «ere -.ar.acec at
eacn -ec-cnal of-'Tce. This support and the other technical assistance services enaa". ea
each ^egior. to T^iv.am ccmorenensive coverage cf its jurisdictien' s -eecs.
"he assignment of primary -espcnsiti i *ty 'or provjicn o* technicjl assutar.es to
he re g'ors ha: ;eccne increasingly signif'cart, as vj-.icue regional, State, arc local
I'-'erercas arc -eecs nave oeen encountered. 'he -ecicns are "Ct fa~i".iar «it.i ;r.»
pec"f"c •aste -lar.asenent process in trie'r ;ur«s<:icvcrs arc car. setter integrate tr.e
A 3anels program «ith tne cevelcorer: cf \Z~-1 reculatcry prccra.-.s.
"he regional offices resooncea to 3-3 reouests -'cr technical assistance ir. l?S3, an
Increase cf 215 ever the previous fiscal year, tnrcucn ceer Hatching, consultants or
i"rect:y 5y E?s regional personnel. ~Z' of these requests *ere 'or resource -eccverv
and «aste reaction.
E?A recuests a total of '0 permanent wcrryears and SA~;,CC0 j.ncer this procran fcr
trie Salaries ar.c Expenses appropriation.
The resources will enaole EPA regions to continue coordinating anc administering
tr.e cell very or" technical ass-stance through the 3C3A *A panels prcgran. Tn>s wi 1
mcl'jce receiving anc responding to .Timor technical assistance mouiries, revewing
ano evaluating -ecussts for assistance, selecting T.cdes of assistance anc cevelopinc
¦crtscopes. Technical assistance will continue to oe -rovidec throucn contractor, ceer
rvjtcmng anc E?A regional cersor.r.e!.
"he r»g*oris fill begin using Senior E.nvircnmenta? Luclovees ;n 1931. They «i ¦ 1
visit client cor.-nunities, attend meetings, initiate rew :ro;ects. Tier,iter or-ccmc ;ro;ects
and sucervise ard coordinate ^.tn ccnsyltant contractors.
HW-42
-------
!?;! Exc'a-.af.c- rf Cranee ">c" Su-.f't Estmt0
is ie". increase of 563,500 results *ro~ severs' actions, 25 follows:
Shprt'y a'ter the 1921 oucoet estirate was sub~ittec, President Carter far?-
"!>tte;l "ev.'.ic"S tc the sucoet I-fojie t'ocjnent ?5-29-); these revisions "esulted
in a 5s:«i ;e of S" -"i' lion to c3-s re..est for Sa1 anes an J Exoenses. "ne
red..ctior applied to this activity i5 S2.500.
Tr.e Conc-ess "educed acencyw je cor.su't mi serv' ces tiv S2.e M'!^or.; .; decease
if SIC,000 was as3:iei to cms activity.
in increase of S£,?CC results 'rr: tie cost 0* the Setose" Ir-.'. r-av -aise and *s
'n eluded in a p-cposed surol er.ent3" appropriation.
Pesroaran-'inqs to "eal'qn sala'y and related costs to neet on-poara needs "esu'tec
in a net transfer of 553,800: 'ron uncontrolled hazarcojs waste sites 'S18,20;';
uncontrolled narardous waste sites enforcement *$16,?0C!; hazaMous waste enfo^ce-
nent 'S3;,400.; hazardous waste ¦nana-je^ent regulatory st-atesles iTS'enentat'ion
S12,5 0 0; ; end, to municipal waste t**iat->?ni feci 1 ¦» ty construction '$i,200):
•ecional -lanaoe-ent .'$1,200''; regional financial ~anaoe-.erc :$5,?02;; arc -eoior.ai
ccwnsel ($1,500).
T-jrs'er of $12,50C to so'id waste iar.aae"ert s'dct 'ro'erentation to pravice
aS-'.'ona" s jooort to no"stf the ouolic iear,no lancatei as oa't of tr.e State rla«
j n ; r 0a 1 process.
5u' letm sil-7, January ?4, 19?" , "¦'¦sea' >ear 1931 Travel ?ed-jct 'on," '¦ecu - rea
aiencywide -eouct 10ns to travel ; tn® *o'.:l '•eduction of $1 ,'9S,9"C • s heme used
tc fund personnel coioensat 1 on and bene'its ;?CS8) seficits. The reajction
appi'ed to this activity is $300.
Anen:y«; it in;-eases are re^uired m orie" to 'jnd tre 'tit le'icts; tie mcease
jc: 1 • ed tc tvs act-v. ty 's Sic,'30.
so resoi>*ces are 'eouested 'or this p";irar in 15£I. "ie "esourtes " ens jor>-
tO r-C ' 1 I w35t$ r$SO'jrC"? Mi ' "Ct **5rI' i '
5SS" s t i"to an* *;oca* act i v< 11es • ir< n.*.: i r* i
3'?j, tne l-ole^erta11on omdance and nacaraous waste oerait assistance :o"tract oro.ir.ed
tiv I'3- '¦enons "educes the need 'or other E°A technical assistance.
2hjroe fron Janjarv Reouest
"Ms reouest represents a a®crease c' $416,500 in Salaries and • ant 13
re—ijre"t wo"';yea"s ?"or, tie January o„do-?t. Tne reaction ir technical ass^starce
re'otej to 5'jtt' t * e 3 and -esojree "ec"»e-v "e'lects the te"™ii nation o' Z^-. financial
assi cta.-ce tnose areas. £'4 tecnn;;>' ass-starts :r the nazi*dous wiste fa wi"' oe
o'ovice: tn-oucn in.' e~ertat i or ouidarce ira hara':ous wste oe — 't ass-star:e cc-t-acts.
tec-m:•••. >,--£4:cj;=!"rs
'9S3 -tconolisnients
Or.iications for 1 ?S0 totaled $4,202,?00, of which $4,150,200 was used f;r extramural
occotes. To carry out the 3CR4 nandate.i Technical Assistance Panels 9roora<-s, tsl
headojarters awarded funds to 10 "eaional confactors and ^ oublic interest irouos for
pee" "ratcfiin<3 services, "he Office of Solid Waste continued to provide national -a* a cedent
-------
th'.s nro".ri" t ^ overa'* cars" stenc. • 2-pnci tie '¦•scions, priv. oe a >r
tr.e deve'op-wnt and " striDufc- 0' genera" po 1 i:y and guidance cocu-.er.ts, a-ic pro»-i ce
tie ??gi ons »-i t*» a centra', contact oo'"t for sna::*.no t".e or oar j.-,.
E»i developed arc issues a sumary rerort 0' tne 1$S3 Technical Assistance Panels
gran act 1v111es.
1961 Prpgran
¦?A recuests a total of 2 permanent wor<>ears ju 3-5,460.500 under this prcgr'n, of
*r,;cn Sill,£00 is for the Salaries and Expenses aporooriation and S-,3-3,'00 is for the
Atizexent, Cont'ol ana Co«:oi lance appropriation.
'n 19S1, national nanacenent 0' the Tecrwica" Assistance san?'s proa~ar. will be
crovided. "r-s wi 11 include neortiafnq, awarding ml -,oii trr" *¦; consultant contracts
anC puplic interest ori'jp pee* natcfiir.Q grants; conducting reporting and record>;ee?i rg
activities; and e.aljating tne overal '< prooraTi to enable EPA to ascertain the effective-
ness and responsiveness of tne various tecnrical assistance provided.
'591 Explanation of Cnanae frcn 3uccet Est"-,ate
Trie net decrease of So3,0C0 results from seve-al actions, as follows;
Shortly a'ter the 1931 Pudoet estimate was submitted, 'resident Carter transiitted
revisions to tne preset incuse Ooc-j^ent 95-29-1; tnest -e^isio^s -esultec in a
decrease of $? r.i 1' ion to £»A's reauest for Salaries and Expenses. Tne reduction
applied to tnis activity is $700.
Ar inc-ease of SI .600 results f-om the cost of the 0:tooer 193G pay raise and is
included in a o'oposed supplemental appropriation.
°.eo"OoraTn ngs to realign salary and related costs to ieet on-poard needs resulted
in a transfer of $2,200 fron hazardous waste nanaoenent -eou'ato'y strategies
1 mp: ei-c-ntat in.
s transfer t* $12,000 »as -ade to tne radiation Tedia ir order to support tne
Vacation -o'icy Council.
CMS Bui 'etin Ja^ary 1931, "Peductions m "iscal Year 1931 Consulting
and Pe'ated Services,' r*oui re.j a total redaction of SI,"9-,200 to consulting ser-
vices; tne reduction acolied to tnis activity is S1 -1 S, 103, which is to be rescinded.
?1 an
"r. is activity is not *'jrded in 1?S2 Decajse it is duplicative of other hazardous
waste caoas 1111ies of E'A and secause EPA terminated Suotit'e 0 grants to State and loca1
proarams for which tne "ecnnical Assistance :anels «ere a ^ajor federal inpl e-nentation
assistance tool.
Cr.anoe frp- Jar,ua-v Seouest
Tn's recuest represents a decrease of S-,6i"t?00 and 3 permanent wpricyears f*y, the
.'anua-y Sue get. of »n-,cn $233,900 is 'or Salaries and Expenses an- $4,353,202 is 'or
A5ate~ent, Concc* and Coir*. 1 acce. Tne Tecnrical Assi stance ?anels program will oe
e'i™mated, aior'j v th the supporting ~ar.aoement.
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
>.e Agency recuests no appropriation in 1552 for ttns budget activity under the
Sal iries and Expense: and Abatement.Control and Ccnplicnce acrroc-iaf ens. A11 activif.es
crev.o-jsly fjnced jncer this bydget aefvity w*11 be funded aider the aocrocriatio* 'or
tne -aca-dojs Sysstar.ce Response Trust fund created cy tie Conorenens:ve Environr-ens*!
Sesconse, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1360 ;iuper?*nd;.
-rotran jesc''.:f'in
The Uncontrolled Hazardous naste Site program is currently an interim orogran, to
ia:-ess narardous susstance release problems -n a United *ay before passage of "Superfund
Tie ma.io'" goal o* tne program is to accress the worst known prop,Ions associated witn un-
controlled hazardous waste sites. Tne interim strategy encompasses site discovery acf'ons
investigations to determine the most serious sites, emergency assistance at those sites
e'.igitie unaer Section 311 cf the Clean Water Act cf 1977, arc oeveloonent of enforcement
cases. The interim program will br'cce tre gar until the "Suserfynd" program is fully
implemented. Superfund will provide the necessary fund'ng anc authority to intensify
current efforts ana to begin uncertaKing engineering planning ano design studies for
ccnta-nn-pnt measures.
"re orrnary objective of tne program is to eliminate tnreats to oub'ic health and
welfare and ecologically sensitive areas *-on nazardous suostance relesses *ron jncon-
trol led waste sites. ?rel i nii nary esthetes reveal that there nay be 3P.CP0 to 50,000
sites containing hazardous waste, of which 1,200 to 2,000 nay present potentially
significant problems. Over 7,000 waste sites have oeen inventoried, but tne extent of
the r-s
-------
'.i:C Accc"
* r- 1520, the Agency os'icatea a total c' $i?,S27,900 and 23 permanent twkyears fe-
me the 'jncontroiled '-.azarcous »aste Site pro-gran, pf *r.?cn 51,271,100 was fc Salaries
an-: Expenses, ins S 1c,366, =CC *as for extradural contracts urae- tie Aoate-tent, Control
dTj "orpliance ac-oroo'i ati cn. Additional -eccu'ces for this program were provides *ncer
enforcement ana 'esea'-cn anc aevelcp-ier: oucget activities.
3„rm3 1??C, tne Jncor.tr;>] *ed -.aza<"osu3 o'asts S-;".a ma^ra-, oecan to -i"'e~ent f-s
inter*- strategy as sirsctea ay tne E-A Deputy Ad-:m rr. strator m 1ST?. ~«-s strategy
«cs oases 3-s tne pp't ides <*stapl1 shea d-jrmg 13"9. an<5 'ncVjaes sne identification and
dt scovery, field investigations, emergency ¦•esoonse, and enforcement actions.
The 1380 prpgran relied extensively on contractor sjroort induced in this sub-
activity to ?rovoe li? aedicated contractor fielc invest4gation personnel to tne Regions
for site iflentif-cation, investigation, and enforcement case preoaration. rhe contractor
a* s:- provided otr.er non-cedicatec services such as drilling sample wells, retaining
expert consultants, ano procu^ng engineering services to oeternme renedial -easjres.
Tne 515,000,000 -n contracts included approximately Ss.XC.OOO for the stele Investigation
*ta" ¦, * IT: contract, awarded in February 1930, and a S5,030,003 series of cneaical analysis
contracts for analyzing sanies ootamed iying site investigations. An acdifonal
contract *as awardec to manage and control tne shipsfent of samples to ar.a from the req«onal
c-f'ices anc Uoo'ator'es. Contract funat "J $1,000,000 «i->-e usee for support of emergency
response to sites. The repairing $-,000,330 was used to fjr.c contracts for remedial
tschno'ogy evaluations, aeria". surveillance, and regional training programs.
Over ",600 potential hasarcc^s waste site problems are currently -denti'ied on
regional logs. Of mis total, i,5£G sites underwent preliminary assessment and 1,?50
site -nscections were conoleted. Tentative dispositions were made on 1,305 sites.
Tnese activities na/e supported 51 emergency -esoense actions under Section 311 of fie
Clean water Act and tne filing of 51 £?A-mitiate<2 enforcement cases.
* C * 5r»-"i-
in 1321 tne Agency nas allocated a total cf 525,001,500 and 62 permanent workyears
to tni« program, of wmcn 52,957,003 is for Salaries and Expenses and 521,034,400 ;s for
e*tra^;ral purposes unser tne Abatement, Control and Compliance aoprooriat'on. Of mis
total, S3,200,000 and 40 permanent wcrkyears were aopropriated ir, a 1931 budget amendment
for S-joerf'jnd planning ar.a iT^leuentation activities.
Contract funding of 521,034,400 will be usee to provide aajcr technical assistance
and support to E?A efforts, "he $10,500,000 field investigation team contract will provide
tne Regions witr. ISO dedicated field personnel to assist with ore'. 1 mi nary assessments,
site inspections, and enforcement case preparation. S3,400,000 will fund a series of
cnex.ical analysis contracts in support of site ¦ nvestications. 52,500,000 will be -jsed
*cr contracted des;gn plans and engineering studies for rei>edia! action at approxi-
mate ,y 1/ sites. S-,9^0,^00 will fund contracts for support of Heaacuarters efforts ;n
developing and inolewnting Superfur.d strategies. 5200,000 will ce used for assessment
of remedial measures taken at Love Canal. The »-err«a i n* ng 51 ,334,400 in contracts will
tunc aerial surveillance, a national toll-free telecnone notification system, ana
technical support for emergency response to sites.
-------
o, • cn o* Cr.amg frz~ 3jC7et :st ¦'¦it"
"ne net 'ncrease i* So ,695,030 resets •-o.t, several actions , 33 f 0"! i c ^ s:
- Sr.crt'. y after tne 1^21 O'Jdget estimate was 5*;or-tte;, "res'dent 2a*"t~r fifSTi' tted
rev si ens to :-.e budget ;^o-se Dccyse^t 36-29-5 ^; these 'sv. 3:0ns r»s j! tea "" 5
decrease of l~ ''. • cr. to i:- '3 -e:uest *br Ojlaries ar.; Ixoerses. >.e reductvth
a?:l vac :c :r,;s jcfvty :» S2,d2J.
- - tjdget **f -.iZirasus waste ;-o:ra~s »rd 'e'ate; acts 'ties was
s^"','lei tc i''?? Cc^r^ss. 'r."s r(5Swi.?- *r z~ r c o rce '$23,000,, -i-n^cca' wjste
treatr-ert facility cor-strjcti c '$12,700}, :cea- disposal per-,its ;S5,0CCV; ?»—•¦• t
•. sss.ar.ee -,S'.2,-iOO); so'.'d waste nararoous waste s»na?9^eM -•egu'ato'-y strategies
• "t-'e~eitat'cr, ;S11.1 DO 1, soli; waste implementation ;$26,230'•; sc'-'d waste tecn-
mcal assistance deli *ery '$13,200}, pesticices '.se aarac9"«r.t !$?, 100. ;
I'terf.sc.:' mar. £ 1S re .'lews-water qua^ty ($12,5001; er.erqy revew and oernitfr.g
,$1-1.200;, an! toxic sucstances enf orce:nent ,.S2t,100).
- Sesrograd-.i r»c of $107,600 fron regu! afons, guidelines ana pol Kiss-hajardojs
waste m oroer to reflect tne estaol i shrvent of the jncontro! 1 ed hazaroojs waste
site orogran.
- *"ans*er of $"1,2)0 to narardoiis waste cerrr.it er.fo-cer^nt m order tc provide kj?
sutoort ?or the oerr.it orocess.
- ~'ans"'er :f $2,300 froT. hazardous waste ssanaceTsent strategi°s I'^'e'^htatior, in
or:er to sjrrcrt the recessary sjooI'ss and nate^'ais.
- "rans^ers resj'ted t. ar incease o' $230."20: *'¦"0" out-l ic systems sute-'isici
r.rogr;-- assistance ;$20,000), N£?i co.t.d". • ar:e-~.jni c" pal waste *aci ity corst-uct i on
,$1,20.0;; state progrars regulations and g^idelmas ;S1 2'5,10j'-; municipal waste
treatment '"acility construction ($45,400/; water qja'ity permit issuance ($13,2001;
energy review ana remitting ($12,300), air quality management i^iolenentation
($39,500), anc! to SlPA corrol iance/LlS oreoaration new source discharge oermit
•;$5,000} to realign contract funas.
H*- A?
-------
ri ' it *)ry s'rito^>6S a t ¦ on S3,2^~'; j^ccntrol 1 sc hjzsrdous rf*st& s't9S
; reflecting J reai location n•' '.rave! funas.
- ~Jvi 3j-'efi -51-", v'anJ»'-y 2d. " f • s c«' vear )?-l Trave' -:ecjct; or",
Z v'v«" * Q '-ZC'JZZ' CPS tC fi V'1' *Lryc" 10 C .2 1 'C jJCt ' T" Z* S ^ ^ 9 » ? ?1J *. S
- -* * r Z JS21 * :,• ^'"S i I' 2r'
- *'•'?• 3 J'et 1 r. Jar, .«,d~y 2-, • r5*. , ' ors 'r r" s c a 1 v8ir *?£* Ions-* t •
j n-* "Services' , r®GU*f"9G 3 -'J C t' Of of $],7^^,200 .0 coc5u*'t * nr,
10 tn's activity is $'77,300, of wn-,cn 5155,'
services; the reduction aooi'cd
13 to oe rescinded ani $5,300 's se'ng reoirecteo to 'una ?Ca5 deficits.
- DV3 ij'iet'n »£',-?, Jarj»"-v 30, "5c", "for3tcrv„~ on 3"CCJ,"S"'5'>t o* Ce^ta^n
Iorient", jcsncvw 35 riC jcf.trs to eo r~ert, t'r.e total reoocfo"1 of
$a?'.,030 -s 2wj j'?z to "'-no 'OSS deceits. ~r$ reo^cticn aoo1 ieo t; t*'s
set ¦.. "i ty "" S14 . '¦ 00.
- ^n -nternal agency*!de recoction of $5,550,000 to ei'..i r~e-.t costs "S Oe-ng
.naoe m oroer to 'ur.d f>C4B deficits; the reduct'on applied to tfvs activity ' s
Si"0,300.
- -r internal aoenc'.*'. de redactici o' S1.??3,SC0 to Otis'" contract'ja* services
"s se**?s "aia t. O'uer to func ?C&? ae'icits; tie ""eoi-ctior aroiieo to tftis
ict-vty -3 $25.-00.
_ ~ ^ <5^; i >.N' ^ 0 'J S' ° C 2fl- J *" j d ^ r*** v Q1 err*-®?*. t • ! * d6 »>r* ~c^,nC*'aS
:-r* 2t • on -ct. '9o', permits c Dne fins*er author*;.;/ ^et^eor ap^roo^'i 2: * cjrs •
Thi: one percent authority is oeing ixr'enented sy transferring 'uncs f'o^ tr.e
:t!ater,er*. Control and Oc"~liince acprosr^tions to tie Salar-.es an-, £xpens«s
ioz^oz""' it' on in o'-Jer to fund ?C J3 deficits; tne redaction aorlied to tf.*s
ecti/ity is S453.00J.
- 'oeno-'w-ce • ncreases are recu'^ec ir or^er to fj*rd t^e P05B -ef^c'ts^ tne
•¦itreese asol :5c to t-.is activity -s i?,300.
In 19^2, tne activities orevious'y fundeo jncer tms 5'jdget sjoact'vtv w-ll Oe funaed
jn;-- t"e at:ropr:at;on 'or Suoe^'unc.
***;""¦ Janji^v ^°oject
'.ere ;s r,o onanqe to tne Janjjrv b.;doet.
HW-47
-------
jra-cc-js »aste En?jrce^g-
Budget Current
t ») E S t ^ ~V516 Est! —3t£
IS Z'19
u a-s
.nc-?ase
a se
I?E2 *5.
;si';s.
»r\"r :;,?•• 3»; on
¦>£:3r".z*$ «aste
Enf;-cenert:
ij' 3H« »'. /a' e~c *
•.iZircDjs '»£ste
iifarteient 30 93 92 13S -43
Uncontrolled Hazaroo-js
Waste 83 £3 112 ... -112
Hazardous Wast?
Fer~it issuance 10 175 163 1_72 MS
Total 178 326 373 310 -53
Suacet secjest
In 1982, the Agency requests 229 permanent woru/oars and a total of $10,062,'00, a
decease o* 55 permanent
-------
>.e Resource Conservacio' i~.£ Recover v Act of 1S76 •; ^CS-.) provides fcr ccxp-eners i ve
control "ve- tie -landing -f so'"3 ci; nazardius wastes. The Act authorizes E'A to o-3~.ul
gata rec_' 31 i ors to control nazardous wastes froir, tie point of seneration to tie point of
fir3- rsrosal.
Tne solid -aste enforcement program is at this time organized into three major, seoa-
-ate components: ['.) hazardous waste enforcstent program, (2) uncontrolled hazarsous
>»aste p-ogram, and (3) njzarious waste permit issuance program. In July of 1579, EpA
determined that the ciean-up :y responsible parties of hazardous waste aucspsites threat-
ening o^o'ic hea'tn woulc be given "hi^rest Agency priority" and establisnec an agency-
«• de -azardc„s Waste Enforcement and Sntercency Response System. Consequently, a "National
lazarco.s Waste Enforcement Task Force" ;~ask 'ores) was establishes to coordinate and
manage tie ir-Tinent hazard cases initiated jncer Section TOO 3 of RCRA, Section 1431 of
tie 3a?e D--.hr.in-; water Act, Section 5OA of tne C'ean Water Act, and tne Toxic Substances
Control Act. Since ;ts '¦ - ceot i on, the "as< ro-ce has seen active in evaluating potential
haza~cs at sites
-------
-i ft' CCntlr.uins e"ortS tO •¦r-zr'jva the rogjlatOry pr;ce S3, E5i -.5 5 C?n-
50' • aac?c ;er".it 'Ciji'ce D'o:e:jris 'o' 'ive oer--.it prcgra-ns: the '.atic.al 'oii.trt
?•. !C:':s E " "i nat 'i c" i-ysteri 'V'P'ES', tne naca f jol: 5 waste oc~r.it program, tie -naer-
ground ejection Control i'JIC; program, the 3"e.i:e ano ri!l program, anc tie prevent"'on
of significant ii te'i orat i on (PSD) program. Coordination ana conso!i ca t i on cf the oeT.it-
ccces: w. ' i seie*'t ooth tie puo'i.: and the Agency Sy -eauc:nc ae'.ay ana sv-.pl i tying
per">i tt i '••" 2"ocec.."-;s .
-ac^cvvs «;£*e E'."yzzui'11 j^ai .aD'.e legal a-jtnonty, i-. situations involving
substantia! tnreats tc health or tne env, rpnrvint. '.n addition, assistance will oe
to the Jffice of Sol id waste in the development and completion of final PC3A regulations,
"ither sicnificant activities conducted Py the Regions in '981 include the estacl i shuent
and i ~pl ervantat i on cf compliance mon' t ori r.g and enforcement programs for all State not
canted nteri"i or final authorization and the conducting of er.'orceTent activities in
States operating prograns under Cooperative Ar'angewnts. As the authorized States Begin
irplesr.ert1 nc their cog-a-s, E'A wil! pro.;de leg.! and technical assistance, as requested,
anc evaluate the adeoudCy of State enforct'^nt p.-ograr.s. Regions wi"! 1 oe '¦esponsiole for
¦namta'hir..- T.ananenent infcrr.ation systems tc fack nofification, manifest, compliance
">c" i to*i ng, i nspect i on , and enforcement activities m States without ?C3A p'ogra-
;^tno-"zation.
I5E1 Exc'anaticr c' Chance fro.'r 3uocet Estimate
"he net decease of $319,5CC results frora several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 Pudget estinate was submitted, ?resioer.t Carter transmitted
revisions to the ouJget '^.ouse C'ocunient 96-29-}; tnese revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 mi 1 i i or, to EPA's reouest for Salaries and Expenses. Tne reduction
applied to tris activity 1s 517,300.
HW- = 0
-------
"ne Oorg-ess 'e"ucec a?e";/wice t"3/el costs :>» S::0,JC0: a cec-%ase of 525,13?
¦ as aps'iec tn-.s jct'v'ty.
"ne 3c>cress srr'ied a ^e-^'c' re-a^ct ic o' S'.i ni'iic- to t"e 5.32 te~ert,
Oortro" j-'c 3e-o''.jrce appro;-! ati -j-; a cec-?ace o' 513,3C0 »as apo'.'ed to fv.s
acti»ity.
The Cs^ctss -ed^cec aoenc/*i ce AO" servi ces Sy 52 ~il1:on; 3 decrease of
5-17,130 »»; azh'-tz to tris acfvity.
'r increase )f ; 3", 6 3 C -esults *>i~ tic cost a' z*e Octooer 19?0 cay -aise and
:s 5* a proposed supc'e^enta! ap?rjs-iaticn.
-.eor ocr j-ri-r, ncs to -salior sala-y ana related cos:' to neet or-ooarc needs '•eio'tes
ir. transfers of 5505,-J00 to etre'- activities: to municipal waste treatment
facility cons t ruct i on (SI.500;; solid waste tecnmca' assistance delivery-regions
($12,000;; pesticides enforcement ($55,500); uncontrolled hasardous waste sites
enforcement ,$120,600;; to regional management (59,300); to underground injection
contra' program ;$22,300); nasardcjs waste perri t enforcement '519,300); solid
wjste -anage^ent prcgrax implementation ;56,3CC); solid waste technical assistance
cell very-regions (S2 2,-00); pesticides jse management (S37,G00); pesticides
enforcement cant support '15-,.3C'; to £'S-review-air (52,500); to i 1 S-review-water
quality ;$39,900); to toxic substances enforcement ($13,930); to regional counsel
' $39,3?";;; to -eaiona 1 Personnel riaragenent ($12,200;; to regional aasini sfati *e
~»nage->ent . S3?, S001; to uncontrolled naza-dosis waste sites enforcement (SB.300';
to radiation orocraT irip ¦ eientation (So,??!;); to regional noise program implemen-
tation ^59,200); ana to armcng wate- enforcement (SIO.COO).
'-ansfer of S215.900: frpr water :ual'ty enforce~>?nt ($165,300* ana *ror. ai<-
Toaile source eifo'ce.iert (551,100) to pnoviae additional support for hazaracus
waste en'o"cene"t and provide a level of funding co^s'ste't witr. prior year's
e
-------
i ~ C
':?2:- :t • o"-c *r -i >ca* 'ee~ *: • rc
: a ::•: = " recjct^n d' $',7^ ,2::- to corsulr* rg
c to t*".:s ect* •.i :.»• :s *r.r. is r-e*
:s.
o-1 SS,:50,00"> to eo'-ip.-ent costs is Seing ~a:e ir
re -eauction -sco'-ec tj tr.is a:::' v.ty s $22,322.
»-n interna • jgencvw*. ce reSL'tt
j f- * ft - to * ~jr,z ~ * * •? j'i c* c s *
An i-te-nal agencywiae '"eduction c' $1 ,790,200 to otner contractja' services is
lein: naaa In ores' to fun a ?"4? ceficits; the -® is seing *-ic' e-f'ted py trjrs'erring *i;r>as '~o~ tie P.esearcr
a-'- ~s\i' 3D ••it'. >02 the Apaterent, Icrfo' anc Cjrpi *.a«2e szs'oz-f aticr>$ to tne
3ala~res and Expenses aooropr*jt-oi ir o-*de- tc fund ?2iS deficits; the -eduction
applied to this activity is >10,500.
Agency^ide inc-e;ses are reca*. -ea n c-ce- to fyrxJ tne ?2SS ceficits; the increase
iPD1-:e: to this activity is 385,500.
ai
"ne Agency requests a tot a' of $5,*56,000 *pr tvs prpgra--, of nri-;-. $5,302,533 is
'or t re Salaries jn2 Expenses appropri at* on an2 S-55.20D is for tne Aoaterent. 2ontrol an;
Coto' < 3nce aooroDfiaticn, fc an increase of S2,252,400. A tota' of 1'2 perr.anen t wori-
years w1 ', oe avai'aole to trie srogrsn m 1982, an increase of 31 over the 1931 'eve'..
Tne 1932 pro?**a* wi 11 cots 1st of the following activities. Pegiors «*;ll cor.duc
cc-p' iance *oi1 ts-ing and eifprcsTent programs '•" States not granted "nco-i~ o- 'ma
3'jtno"izat• on. of final an£ a.iences interim State nasarcous wast
p'ans wi' 1 pe pro.-isec as »-e": 1 as le;a1 and technical support 'or o~et>sr
-.eit jcf-or.s. -ic. t iona i 'y, suspected criminal activities «ill 5e mves
Reiio.is wi 1' a's? aaintam TanaQe^ent inforsjtian systems for trace'no y
soect'on, ant! enfor:en»nt activities.
manacerDent
t;or -pf enforce-
122 tec. Tne
c;ani f est, l n-
Ccr.t-act '•jncs totaiin; $i55,200 will De usee! for trie 'ollow^n-.: p^'-peses: to support
AD2 syster. aesicn inorovenents; to provide support for the update o* emstmc traini^c
lan^a's covering torcliance inspection and case development p-o:e-.'es; to e\a':jate the
e* *ect" vene; s o* tne r.anifest system in controlling the flow o* hJ25"cous waste; and
to sjpoort case aevelopment.
Chance f'pn ,anuarv P'.eouest
Ins 'ec'.est represents an increase of 23 le-r.anent wo'cyears and 31,15A,3HC s*zr
tne Jar-j-v tjccet, ai; of wicn is 'or Salaries and Expenses. These resou-ces will se
devoted to tne arcwing corip'ijnce nonitoring and enforce~>ent ef*ort needed to effectively
isiplenent 3C?.i Euotitle 2 and directed to prov.d'r.c effect"./e enfcrcer.ent pol i cy and
guidance in the areas of cor.cliance -.or,-coring procedures, penalty, penalty policy,
anc -egulat'ons and guidance development. Continued improvements to "eoeral r.j.mfest
cirpl-ance Hon*.to<*ing in noi-p-isacy States will oe devised and assistance w'll ce
.rov'ied to States i-p'e.-ienc'nc the National Manifest System.
vnccn^c-.e: -:-z--ac;js waste
I960 Acconpl i sh.-nents
The Ajoncy allocated a total of S2,712,500 to this program for 1930, of wnich
S2,7io,50C was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
A total of 71 permanent wo-Kyears were allocated for 1930.
-------
During 1930, '.i? ne» ¦y-estar li sn~d r.aza-dc.s .- Force oersonne"' participated in the develop-
ment anc management of several nationwide conferences on tne subject of hazardous waste.
1901 Program
In 19?1. the Agency allocated 3t,?91,3C0 to this program, of wh'ch JU,020,330 is
ft" iala-ies anz Expenses and S2.2T 1.000 •' s fzr e*tranyra' purposes jnoer tne *.sat?nent,
Ccr.t *;¦" and Co~p''arce apprpp-i af on. ~ne a'ocation of 9£ peTianent wor>.years -epresents
jr, increase of 2^ fro'i 19:0.
"^e 1930 enact '¦ent of "S-jP5'' jnc"* and -.ajor a.T^nd.ne-ts to tne Resource Oon.se1"-
vatio? and ^eco.e-y Act s 1 ;~if• cant'y expanded -?Vs kiaza,-Jo,js waste enforce*.er.t rssconsi-
5*-1 ities and authorities. P-eviouS injunctive "iminent "azarz" authority nas seen pot
tressec oy juc:::' actions tc -ecover Siioerfunj exoenoi t jres , ad.hi n 1 st'at 1 ve orders to
'once clean„p Oy responsible ta-ties, ounitive da.nace provisions, and authority to coe'
and enforce momto'inc, tesfng and analysis 1 recents.
Whi le the goal of protecting pjt>'ic nealf and safety fro;r threats posed b> haza-dojs
wjste sites ana ss*-will rer,ain jncnar.qec!, tne new "eaeral response opfons will
r.odi' j the Agency's D-e.ious strategy which necessarily relied on ^eminent hazard injunc-
tive actions and Section 311 e:i'ergency response and containment unde" the Clean Wate*"
Act. Tne Office 0' inforcenert will pla) a Tia.ior role ir. the irr.ple^entat 1 or of hazardous
«aste author* ties, providing erfc-cer-ent response to cance-ous sites and spil's, pj-s-img
jjdical "-eco.-e'y" actions »ne-e S-perfjnc ro-.ies have see- »se3 to achieve fjl1 site
e'eanup, cono'ninc; recovery" actions anc actions to force responsible parties to cor-.plete
renezial action wne^e Sjcerf^nz etpendit^-es are lirrted tc ir.ter"i~. or partial site
cleanup and contaln.->?rt, anc using enforcement actions to generate privately 'inanced
cleanup and -enedia' activities at a signfica"t percentage of sites where Superfund
renedial Tionies will not De used at all. recovery actions will protect the integrity of
the Fund an a p-eserve Superfund resources for use at fuly abandoned or insolvent sites
where no recovery will be possible. inforce-r>eht activities and actions to generate
privately financed cleanup where the Fund is not invclvea will naxinize available Super-
fund resources, lessen the apprspriations and tax burdens associated with the Fund, ana
increase tne overall percenta;e of cleanup costs borne by directly culpable parties.
'"ne Occ'rhens 1 ve En, 1 -onrental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1930
r r ^ f' • *
HW-£2
-------
7 o ^ 1 r *19 $ t C r '• 0
r
•ties
¦1 j
-
•fin * C
I ^
; * ;
oe tr.e : nil'
c
o
TJ
3".- ^anaserent of en*crce
>?^t acti/i:ies anc j
u
¦* i a
« c
c
f'ons
' nvc
' r.r.
2 n»:^-co-js
»• .i s t e
s*tes arc: spin's tnat
present irv.'nent
5
JtSt i
r. ~
d
: 1ZZ2
t3 ?
•jo' " Z *9a : t r.
;j?c t
envi ronneTt,
'.9 :1 a" : r,c-9ssi re
"*
C 9 "> t i
c
' T*S<
'O'
ce t
-T.& *»i * * o?
cevote
c to !it:oat:or support
act * vi t ie$ as Dr^^c tne ceve-1' op'nent
of new enforcement *c
•
ions.
KeadouaTie's oosratians wi 11 oe conce^nea to a much laroer dea'ee with tie pre-
3a rat ion of en'crce'nent cuiaance reoyirea Sy CSRClA ana tie new SC"A aT«?nd~ents as
w?'' as sart icication witn otne- progrjr? of'ices in the recjlatior>s a?a suiCafce 'Drter.en: cacasi iities.
1951 Explanation of Charoe f*on Sjioet Estimate
The net increase of $-.355,'00 results fron se.'eral actio-.s, as follows:
- Shortly 3fter the 19S1 budget estiiriate was submitted, President Carter fans-': tted
revisions to the Succet (House Docunient 9S-2?<): these revisions resulted in a
decrease of S7 ->i 11 ion to EPA's request for Salaries and Exoerses. The reauction
applies to th:s activity is 59,900.
- A '.931 oudget aT.enc-ie.it for hazaraous waste programs ana reiated activities was
sut-ittea to the Congress. Tnis an»narr*nt resultea in an increase of SI ,922,003
to the Sala-ies and Expanses appropriation and S2,34C,0C0 in the Abatement,
Control ana Compliance appropriation for this activity.
- "re Cong-ess -educed azencywide travel costs sy S25C,CC0; a decrease of $;,7C0
was appliec to tns activity.
"he Congress -eouced acencyvr-.de consulting ;ervices by S3.3 million; a
ec-ease of S3,"03 was applied to tnis activity.
"ne Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 nil lion to the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $65,000 was applied to tnis
activity .
"he Congress reduced agercywiao AD? services by 52 million; a decease of
$2,303 was appliea to this activity.
An increase of $52,'00 results fron the cost of the October I9S0 pay raise
ana is mcludec in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
Reprograr.mings to rea'-o- salary ana related costs to meet or-board reeds resulted
m an increase of $1-13,503; to solid waste technical assistance aellvery ($25,200);
envi ronmer.tal emergency response and prevention (524,900}; air stationary source
enforcerent ($20,000;; toxic substances erforcenent ($19,600); to drinicini water
enforcement $A,330; and to regional counsel ($10,500;; from hazardous waste manage-
ment recsulatory strategies implementation ($26,900); solid waste management
program implementation ($2-1,300!: nazaraous waste enforcement {S12S.6C0); wate-
quality enforcement (S1S,300); and hazardous waste oerait enforcement ($21,200}.
Transfer of $20^,900 frotn air stationary source enforcement in order to orevide
support for hazardous waste enforcement and provice funding consistent with
prior year's experience.
HW- 5d
-------
. a - ^ a •*
' ;s - i". z* $il,*:C*: ""c~ -*•; t *"?'' ~ J naia^ccv,
»i3t.» sites state d-jod's "•eguiafaos jic ines . S2,0~?''; air
;*a': t * "jro¦:¦»-«-: 1 r: :ete'tjt• or 'i-,^CC; njr jrj;us -:5*.e e-'o-ce-cr.t iS2,:
ir.a hacarccus wait? permit er'orc-.::-en;, '. ii.t-OC) reflecting 3 reailocation of
t-jvel
jv.S 3j''etin »i'. 7, January 24, 1 951 , ""'icji 't»ar " >••', Travel s.ecuction", reouired
ijencywiCe -ec-:ti o ir, to travel; the total "ecuctian of Si,795,?00 s peine jses
t? 'j"' po "s orrt; 1 c o'njer sat i or 215 ; ts -CSS* se'icits. "re rp^jctior.
ac?'-e: to f.'$ actSity -3 $':••?,6%.
I,J5 Su"etir. Jj-.j'y 24, ">£1, '*esuctions it rises' 'ear Consulting
arc -e'>te: Serv:c*s'. -e;^'-eJ a total -es.jct: sn j' S',~?»,20? to consulting
s*"vices; f-e r»;-:t*?'. iopl'ea to tn:s activity 's j?2C, »r,'cn -s wns
ec to ? una 3CS3 aef1c1tt.
A- Tt«T.al agencywiae -eajct'on of $6,553,000 to "guip-rant costs 1; be'.ng riase
ir ardiir to fund ?CS3 cef'cts; the reauction applied to this acti/ity is
!5!i rnT
V — > -* 1 mj \J \J m
Agency, 1 de increases are recu".red in orse- to func the rCSE deficits; the
increase applies to this activity is 5 <2*;, 300.
I" th- >ct' v; t •¦ es r^eviously 'u r;.>d unaer this sucget sucactivity wi 11 se
'uncea unaer the approp-'.ation 'or Superfynd.
Ch>n?? from JanuJrv Pecuest
There is no change fron the January Budget.
iACAiDOUS »AS" I SS'JANCE
-^r J -.:c?~: . 1 snrgncs
jfc*'gat ions m 1?S7 totaled $:?r,2CD. -i-al naza-dcus «aste 2(13 ccso'; oatei
3e**i*t .-eolations »e"e 'ssues in "av 196C after a lengthy arc intensive process
on::*! inc'ucea agency reviews, ousiic -leetings, a cowaeit pen30, anc cors1 aeration c'
pud'i: cc-r-snts. The reg.'afcrs include permitting proceaures ar.c stanaaras for Stat*
hazarcnus waste program sjr~issiphs.
-er-.ittirg priorities ans gu'iiahce «e"? aeve'ooeJ to assist State jnS Regional
offices in estaolishing hci«raous waste permitting progra-is. Ne« ?«<—.:t writing units
were est2t1isr.es ir the Regicrs anc staffing patterns were aevelopea to prov»<3e the
o'carnat'on necessa'y to hanS'e the new pern;tt 1 nq program. £»A a'.so he's meetings
w:n State ana local of'icials, mcustry "-epresentat i ves, anc envi '•on.T.ental anj otne-
pjp'ic interest groups to explain ere regulations anc ensyre notifications sy the
iuo-jst 19 ceasl 1 ne.
'. ?51 ?rocrjr?
In l ?S1, the Acency has al'ocatec S3 ,c-",-*'JC 'or the haca-ccjs «aste permitting
ccg-a-, zf wr,; cr. Si,52i,30C "3 :r the Salar-ei qU Ixperses approoriat'jn anc S2S.500
•3 for the Aoate-er,t, Sont.-o" arc Conp'iance asproo-lation. Contract support will
p-cviae training for oerr.icting persorne'.
The 1931 hazardous waste permitting oroarani is emphasizing the review and approval
of State suPnissions for authorization unoer Section 3006 of &.SHA. Sinteen State prograns
nave receives inter!.? authorization. This program will proviSe participating States with
the authority to .wnags portions of their hazaraous waste nanage-.ent programs pending the
ceve'op-ent of prograTS eligible for final authorization.
-.W- i
-------
¦*C w* * ** ~"3 ro C~ **. * Zy ^ h * Z*a "* ~ r*"ii * *
•tee:
1?.?'. E?~ • s s* so t*e coooss
:«-• ty Vew *n£ esreo; 2»*y h2z:r-jo-;j3
1 * " " f,r W* * 1 r|?0£ ; Vf? * OC"S'w-?**2t*OH. '"•i*
v*.' *} Z * ^ * * * 0S t^OSe whf O^T"*. CCro~*'-2t
* :*t. ts to t-e ^'s'iss
-cr,*-?':, stcraco, ar: si zzzsi'.
* w: 1 * * ^
or. 's 3 ?oss'o•
r. - • -r O '
, 3r-5st C2ric*t.»' *i ** t*"'a ~.sj^*ioc**°r
n.c-;.
•r® any'i
TDi
•5 a'so
*?C2Sjt?'1 'c" inp•"-
; t v , Tr*s St**2t-TrV
3 7 2 r M
* ai"'
ss*s*. .ir.u it.;*-:- r-s-v. t *r' to*** -r *v *vi - c?£ renv ts.
\ * '* * 2 1 ** * * 0 " 0 * - ^ 2 " 0n *"**0"^ j i. '• z*% t L "*• * *• * 0
"re »ct oecroase o* $45? ,200 results ''ron several actions, as
Sictly j'ter lie 1931 sudoet estiiwt® *35 Sji-Vtte*. ^res^ieit Oorte*- finsn*tted
'v't' *¦-$ tie O'jdoet (U0'JS3 0cC:JnErt 9f-294;; fese rcv• s 1
CS "?S^:tPi *P
:;c?jsr. c' $~ -r'.;icp to l~-'s riz'jnz' *cr Salaries in -xterses. ~he rer.ction
:c;'.'?•( *0 th,S act;vity is $2",300.
j - £*-< 2CprC^wi^^ 'fj/a; COStS bv S'ioC COC* 2 w$C°-j®
2;r,-eo to th's aot^v-ty.
lo^crjss ->z 2 o ^ r, o vv, 06 OOr '/j' t * ro iS*"r'iC2S 12 • ? ' 11 C ;
$t?,?3C *\io K~ **oc to tn- s acf.vty.
-or' o 2 no-)srj; ct S'.t t^ tr>5
;;-.-1.irzz 2r:-"-^2Vo-; 2 :e:-e^se >*C0 « is arr". •«: *.5
" ^ o " r-^ f a r - —- as^ iO°TVW"i ? 0 0 "^ »'"• ^ C £ Tv $2 t'^^'OT"
^ 11 *" 0 1 2". 0
5 tCO10~"* 0* ^ •: „v.
0' S-3 :CO r0su^*s **"on tr.^ est 3^ *^^ Ccto:er* 1 "¦3C o^v ''i'se 2nc 's
^o" 'jdeo 2 :roros-?j suorle^r.tal arrorH st*or.
r- » uCC?-M
j' 0^*1
o:"•cn"s tz ros'. ¦ 3r. sal ary ana rt'c-;?! costs tr o^-^o.;r'j nes's •¦es^1
o* S252,"0C: 'rom hizirlous waste oifcrcnrTo^* "'S t?
{$'3,300); to unco"f3ll«-i hjzjricjs w2it5 s'tes ei'cccvr't
$21,230); to r°g-,ona1 counsel 'S56.60G), tc re«j'.one i 'iianc'jl -o'.ac-j lent ($4,200;;
- <;rin>,ira water* enforce^e°t ($4,400): to resticdss -jse lanaqe'yj'it ($?0C); to
.I'icioal waste feat'-a^t facility construction ' $50,000); to re'vona1 adr.ini s-
"a'.ive r,anaoei-?r-.t '$112,500; 3id to wa'.ar cvja'.'ty erfc-ceiont '$3,300).
**a"iT*er z* $16:^.500 water ^ual'tv e^fo^ce^^t to r-rO'Ttc add^t'o^a1 surpc"t
z' f-aza^oys e"^T"cs"ieit aid to rovic l *.«,•»'• o' fundi «c c.onsi ste"t w'th
rr'c" /eir'$ er.Terier.ee-
" ^ i r- S--.9-C ^ cm c D-1 r o1 ^ ^ Q2 2 - cj s w j z*. ? sites to r^ov'-ic street
**j- tie :e^.*t process.
«>• '2tt^ nin2oe^»ero **;'ca' associated w'ti nara'-do-s waste rrcgrj-i ?-y?ntatico.
HW- 56
-------
- 7-jns*ers a oecrease o'
anr :o ci v. * r* c*ts *. >?vest^ cst'o^s
/-o* >tCC * c 01 S ' *> 01?"" to jw"'n
CM? Suiletm * r! -', January 24, 1991, "Ft sea1 Year '. ?31 Travel Reduction", required
j cenc ce rercjctions tr travel; the tctal reduction of >1,??3,90G 'S oeina used to
'•jr.* personne' co~.rensati sn ir.2 pene'its V?CS2* deficits. ~he reduction appl'ed
"o tii s act • v ty • s S' 3,200.
'.v:i rj'cf.' -=5'-:', Ja^'ji *v 2-, '. 'deducti oris '" -'sea fea- " ??' Idnsj'.tmc
i.u -t:i:s: devices', -e.:ui-~.! ;- tota- reaction 3' $1 ,T?a,203 to consu't:
services; tne -e.:uc: 1 on 353! led tP tms activity is $5 ',000, ~hicn is to ae
resci ndec.
- A r -"terne! aiencyw, je reduction 0* $1,790,300 to other corfactual services is
be'ng naae in orje" to fjnd 'C53 de'icits; the reduction applies to this activity
is s: 9,300.
- "1? 3?pa^t-ent o' Hous-r.q an; 'jrcan Devo'cpr-ent-Independent Agencies Appropriation
ict, ' ?5', peewits i c-e pe-cent transfer authority between aporopr"at 1ons. This
one percent 4'jtnority 1 s Dei fig iaoleTer.tei 5y trans 'err-, o.j fjnes 'r ox. the Research
and Oeve'opTent ana the Abate-^nt, Cont-oi 3nd Corpilance approD"iations to the
SaU-ies and expenses acp-cpr•at ion in orcer to .'•.•no PCJE deficits; the reduction
applied to this acfvltv is $500.
:H'cy<(i55 reprcc-a wnas a'? -e;;ji-ed o-der to fund tie 5CSS deficits; tne
..e:-ease applied to th-; a:tivit> is $124,C'0.
$22,000: to perscr.no aciihistraticn $10,200}
'S12,330* in or :¦>- to pr?*ide jssitior.al staff
:ste* -0-.i procr a.-r-a 11 c increases.
Tne Aoer.cy -e.jinsts 1 total 0* $4,305,100 'or hazardous waste pe-.-.i tt 1 ng, of
wmcn $A,2S1,400 is for tne Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $24,'00 is for
tne Apa ter-.ert, Confcl and Compliance acprop-1 at i on. Tr's represents an annual
¦'•'¦fease 0* 5655,100, Y trie 1'6 permanent worioears reouested, 3 a-e ar, inc-ease
'•¦st tie '3=.' cj.-rent estimate.
'.r. 2, A xi 1' 'vl'y 11 enent its prox-an to per-41 facilities that treat,
store, or d-spose of njparaous waste. Approximately 4,;c facilities will receive
permits during the year in accordance with priorities estaci'sned in Z^A's per-
•:.itf "c strategy. Apnea's to tne tens and conditions 2* these permits will require
additional effort in order to ensure that effective control of hazardous waste can
be achieved.
"n1rty-r-ne States are expected to receive 'ntsr-T authorization ov the end
0' '9:2. t'H intends to prpv.ae the States with legal, technical, and acmnistrati ve
ass^tance to enad'e t"s- tc teve'op perr.it coc'jns tnat qualify 'or fjll authoriza-
tion. Contract support cf SS-,~00 will p-o^'de 'or ?'»Daration 0' c-icance and train-
ing 0' perspnne1 :r. 5CSA per-it procedures,
Charoe fron January Pecuest
This request represents a decrease 0' $699,300 and 19 permanent wcricyears fron
the J3nuary budget, all of wrier, is 'or salaries and expenses. Tie level requested
represents an increase of 3 wr.-vyears ever 1 ?S1. Tne " 902 •"esoLr;es level will
-edui-e the jse of xpst availaole resources to issue per-nts in States witnout
accroved '.OSA prosran-.s, resulting is less over/iew of approved State prograns.
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
r.j-Scnds;
-------
* *.h>s tat*' is J;,3it,?00 for Zi
an: *»pe"Sc;on and Secowy Act of l?7f. 15 cir»;te': to the development
0?" tecinc'oc'es, "wt"iv"i.;-j'.oc€-5, an.i t*» scienti'ic r.j;a base necessary to achieve
ei>: 'cn.-e-ii"' y accentjo'e, ccst sf'ecf.ve sol -.a i-.: •sjjf'-asw v»aste T.araoe.-er.t 'ry.
;er.?-j;-;r, :-.rou-:'< itsx-s*'..
-------
In '"e 'oo^cv jt-?d a tc'al c* 32~t,*:00 and 3 r^rT.^n^t wcar~t 'zr t"'S
s;.rrrccra"\ 0* w*1 cr. SIC.. "*0 was "o" Sa^a-ies ire ix?-3tStS arc «as fc~
®x:-i:r.j<*a! reseerch act-wee.
A 1 "i*. c* t a-C;ncce-'c ce'.'Cj': war co^c'ed wven wa: jsed bv tr? ?'fice 0*
5c'. ic «a:i2 *,n defirinc nh'ch wa::e streams ihoj'd be cc-s'Ce-ed hazarcc-js **or
regulation under Sectic 200'. :• 2CvA.
A crocea'-re was cevel or-aJ, based or. Hsk assess'ier.t ¦'•et ho-;cl o^v ¦ *'or '5*o>-:-».
ire ji'e e^:r/c". rates of carciroceric sobstar.ces *'C" -c;:!-jols wacte
i nci rc-rato-;. This srccecure »"i' -esi.lt t -15 -j 1 at i r>n< 3?-'ng fj-t' catec •"
~nree-hjn*re* suma-v health effects recc-ts we-e rrec?are- to G~rt*;rt tna :,c*cted
needs cf the Acency's so'.-- waste prtc-a.'u
of
SSr3,C00 2n.^
2 vo 'e' i**".
S2*2r*c- 2^t
* 'T?nS'i'S 11* ;•«
ho
"esecrc'" *i~z
:"ic1 ' z r"***' c* t * rr:
In 19?:, the Asencv has a 1 located a total 0
:raV, cf"^-cr r.Tf.OC? :s for ttv
for extrar.u-al ou^cse:, untfe- the ?eie
re sc'ert'-'c as3ess*rert rrccra:n *s rrovic'""^ a -jr.o? c^ ^ssersnert se-vces tr
ealirc w; th t^e -.eso^rt-a lens0-'/• t"or and
e*fec: r-ro*'*Mes fcr *ortv cre^-cc's. stents
I n
19:1
to :h-. s
S jt— cr:
jnc s:r-3
.CCO 1
Tr-$
CJinn'
the t.C'jn
cy 3 ^ J
'-jecovc"*'
Act
: r, 1 ? *,
W ' !
• 'Sfrr
r-r: ¦ :t
r-cv^to
2.iC evaluations 'or srec'-'c s'te jsa, cort-c
oevel cogent oj'ocses arc- te ne oro.'icec. !n ce-ta^n s-
»>-itnesses wll r-e'e-1*. the sce"::''c 1:^5^3 "or re"'cna
1931 Explanation of Chances '"r;n Su^ce*. istinate
>e resources re^lecte^ unoe- the 1931 budget estimate colj^in are deris'ed '-or
"crosswa1 nc" :ne r--ogra~ str^ctj-e presented :r the President's Sudaet s.:h-.issior
to the new str-jctare as oresente5 in the 19S1 current estimate ro'lected in this subiiss'on.
The details c tno restructuring of the research and Jeve!cr>Tv?nt o-ocrj::!, as well as the
crosswa! c. c' resources
-------
C v "
i icti' St* **, S0 i'.z M osr—sre^t * c r w e 2 r ^ ih*s ?~r' y~ ,
-/ ~v :r irc',»* * s •:* tr? a'1®; in; ;»reuses :*.:»•* s": ISSi,: C-v ; > ';r
•?« t • iTV* 3! ?-rrO'Of. "J^'!C*r tne *.f>»?ar;r5 jrc Je 'C * CD"S';t -55 " Zs?'i »* on.
"r.: s rejects ar increase o •' $ 2 ^ c, t> 0 0 'tot. '?.?!. "he ;n:r»?<»se *:1' ppcv"i>:- 'or :r.*
rxi^'et-o^ of' j.: : *or.j' ris»; ^ s s ff s s rr:-> n t evjljjv^ns *2r Sect'or. 2C1-: o' ?SkA ^nj e^*'^rcs
_ r . 3 . -
ir.e AMrcv assoc'Jtei *-tn naza-ioi.s naste :-tes.
"if'. assssr, 5r->:ra." w ; cciti'-'j® to y:.':? ass'sta^c? to t"e -ieic..
iw. Co'tro, ;roc-i~S Zii ¦ *"J «,t'- t*e -.9$?^rc» .rr ;e»vjfcr ar,; -e:o.«"y -ct
' -' C-.:' . 'c-t-e'.c-s • ve r.ea'ti r*s' :' •.•< »"' " I'-fite; 'j' ;*e--:ais t:
so::.c-t '-'.st'" ~e'.st;r? "<>e:s -p"?- Oe:t*;- ?"71 : * -ej't' v.oa-i oror'-'st
o-.r-c-r.tlsr;cj"e-j "o" 'sting o.-ocses *'¦'' oe .^"joeo ¦ •• or;-.- to ;ct s'y 5'.' j-oeTict
-ft; - '• "t ~c':\. "•><:•:r* sceni" os
"7 fcx:st:-c Oc'.o soi;-:es "'c- 75 Cfc-'caH. ^iS'. i5issi~*--t5 j-; eco'.j-e eva' jat; .-is
*'i" se Jev-jiore'O for jse ii» Agency en'orce^e-t act'o^s. "nese nil' w 'or e'tns-
¦ '.o'.ijjj' or u' t i-chen: oa! si :s iltuat iar;. itre^t test •.«;«.* irr; «; tncsses wl 1! a'so
••'a:'t; to ;
-------
:"'s i^r-r-c o' wnicr- $1:2,""2 i:
;~ S :
?*t
> f - ~
T»rgr: «C.r'y*
i^S :c
i ' i "
• it £ rj j
:»>r~se
: A;.Dr:n-' at: ^
'¦ 3*1
fc ! rC
."> •¦***."
t v-.''. COf*V
¦'¦ t •* d ~ " • r> r * 61 •
~r-.
u s r
¦3S'?arcrt
C"04r^"
d-v: ;roje:t s
t?" &
'.»r*' *: a t
*to
^esea*"cr
Ccr-' ::*e
*.
t.re oxp
• •: 11 17
* 0 31 * o ^ *
¦-:ti 'cr
¦f'Oo:
:ne /e
c r s w ?
?r t * '¦ ' ' D-: s"
cv5.:ec tc
bjtt
:nen ;
'j ;r .? <*j*
^royrtdte JOer
s.
S„2fcrt * :> i'So D5^r«c p^ov.csj to '•r^* •: 'cr 'vste-r-
0'*'? :o!icy stjd'es, oevo.oD'r? reronai
'ep?r;s, cori-jCt^rr;
r s;ete:.-.ent<;, ar-; ::
rese^
anJ tfech^ical assistance rsqus reran:3.
-------
jj'.p n
* Sf'ji 4ev»rj: >;*. io-is .as 'oi'ow;:
5n->>-*:y i'te* tie "9:-! ts-c^et esti-ute *«j sn^ai tted. '-"<-3 i 'ert Carter fans-ifec
*»v si one to *re Qui'.el 'r.ciSi Doc.'-.'nt >; t'eie r^vi 5tens resu'tec "r a
C*.-ei--r Cf .ttI '. :or to £-i's r'jqcest for ic'aries anc Expenses. The
¦iV7> tc t-*-; s activity is SHOO.
'"z'tia '/ $' ,50? 'esj'ts '-91 t'.e cost ~.f C:to:,-r ': 5i- say raise a--c • j
" j c-occje; s^D?'«-e-:i' acor it-sr.
r^'.^t-^C C t $ tC '*0 V t r 8*? C T " 0 S J ' t C t *" 3
* "* i r j ** •* r *" 2 - * ^ ~ 3 I* v ' Z '.*} i ,
-r •¦'**—.&', ):?•:«• :e cf S£.5t". 3eo;es iococ at2" an- $"',53"
«xt ra^j-il z -raes«s J" :er tie '•(esearc'i arc De-<•*' cp-ent 'orros**df-on. Tr.i;
i'ts 1 cecease :r ict.
t - - - .-
• a r...
vs -,'j5-3-f>;3rar »•: '• 1 cortnjp, i« '>¥3, to cr>" ;» ;ne sa^ t."t%s servces as
*"•. s ;r.c"j35S tie 2eve'. ic-ent ar. 3 prc.tucttcn c' tecr.-ica: -on pr-ocjcts :
tr.^t researci :",'0-rr.ar • Dn is crooerly jno aieauate'.y cniru*-ca:e-J to tie er.v• -or.
COripjr ¦. tv.
ceci '.c Dros^cts :.anne»
tic asorcciate Sessarci
i ' JiC, tie Ace-.cy -see a - 31 -i 1 SiJc.'CC ini i 3$T.ir>e*t *o''vejrs 'cr ti'S
»-.icr '35i,533 for Salaries 3'.; 3iso-is-j; jrc S3^2.ij3 »2> *'o- ext-a-
1 r e s 2 r: *•
~ A 5 v 2 ^ j d: c" ?r»ys ^ ;d' Cr.e^ > :a * 2' Hdz^rjajs w^ste :or,.D>.eteJ
^ *«• *: r - .
¦IV -5S::r,t'1C«i
•': • atec.
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¦'cZ.trc c-.-s « i s^ vor-
S r 1 a
•* rt -l £
o-.'P* i a.'.ec. *"»? o"
a r>
% :-as a :"o:ra:" o' "esrc^:'., ceve*
OD.''.J"
ana teci
"' r. a !
acs'star.cc 'cr ^eas
-"e
x-r:
-•cntor'.ra ai: 1 i:/ assjra^ce
tr.a:
w i 1 ! y i e i O
T J ' t ^
'r-'- Tr t^C-C t OCy J
:l 2
i
to';nr, systems 'or ndr.ao^-vj-.t and
d*::;
o-Jdl
a reeves
wi3: i ^src.se
10
t +:e>
-.esc-jrC^r.servat • on an* -.ecove-
y Act
;hcr^; of
19Tb,
> • ic-"cy 3 tot 4'. S-
:*rs $-¦:¦ -orof »/v ch 3« ,-3' ,600 'S fo- tr»e
S\;??£,SG3 -s * d r *xt ra-^ra" ;Mrpcses ino«jr zn$
5a'a~:es anc Ei-DC^st
?a-s
?ar:n d~c
-.n •exte^w- *"*»rt *s Drw,9 u-rdertaKe" nazarooas *aste ^r-t:-ic an* -:^3 * iy
ss^raote to ^:tao>; s* t^cr.v-nes fa: w.n provtae a s ourd s::er!V*"tc arc *,rca: tas"s
:n* ::ata re-'-i-es :/ tn* ;.?s-*.arce Ccnserva* 10? anc Re:3vfv Act tRC,:.-'-; rf-vj'3t-C"$
u-,:^tro* ie j &aoaroo*s *e::e site prcaran. Ma;or activities i.A.c«uce:
- :,eve- oc-g eva^ati^g protocol srece rjres 'or ootanl^.Q -aoarccas vast* san?;*
to saooc-t tie Cff'CP 0' So* i<2 *aste 'OS*! for section 3CLM a* SC.RA.
- Io~o*ef-r c a proslen defintiQn 5 tyOy for ai r ramtonng at various nazarceus
*as:a sites aru ana* ytica! te-tnr'oues.
iv* ¦ uat • r.: -vztr^c
?*•¦ era , v$ •:
3!?* : v
i*orc?rient of
'•c:1
Cx-r's'J'c a fij-.s! as'15 i«st a*iii as-e ^etnolssy *sr ar»'ys;s zf sa-s'es an;
arr'i-.-c *;<• jDtai-!' "t seta tc sat::-*'.. tne ?•&»•. n^n o* 4-;C"S Part 261,
;o»rti*"-;.:it]en an; listing of sa^jracus aste.
Eva: jav>j yciCCu-m.'stiD'' test, j'-jcesu-es '."> nrcriesec -e^w' atisr -'Sect;?'-.
3-"'.; that characterise expesare to co--?! ex »«-.« a> »tjcos ir ~ a'« W: ices'e
to f;3Cjr:o-.-» *5ste no'itjrific,
srsv.2'ng jna'yfsca" ~et".ocs *c cra'acter-. zat ;c~. cf «3ste ?*$tc-t '« trie ?C?s
'Settlor 200'), 'or CSw, • r. orce- to cscunert ts t"'s
' € .rct-twi
tne "estructurinc of t"e reseer:n arj ceve.or-er,t s-csrj-., #?:; ;s
ojrees 'tse'f, car 'c.r.c the Ssecj: 4»a'ysei sec:tor- 5* :•;<$
irease of 5- ,832, IOC resultj 'roc seve»-i* actions, as 'cl'cwc;
Shortly j*te<- trie '531 b^c^et eltn^te was laatlttod, "resitrert C«-t«r
transTitt«c revisions to :*e buS^et J'-iouse Jjcwust 95-294;; f>as« -elisions
resultei in a decease of $7 r.i 1' ior. to £5*."< -eaeest for Sala*;ea an: Expenses,
"ne reduction aus'. i »2 to tr,-s act -'tit/ ia $-,*00.
-------
- "re -L-*vCej a:~"c/«"ce faze1 test I.- 2 c; J, DO J: a -iec.**ise J" SI J. 332-
was ar: . -ic tc t~':- activi ty.
- "ne Zoni'ei% reduces awc/wi :e ;j.nsj'.tinc ie'vces Sj S3..? ~"l"i0"; 3 tfccrease
3' $:,60v was aop'ies to tvs activity.
_ ~r,e 2o^creiS appliec a le-e^a* '•e-uct'on of 11 _, 2 1-i, 0C0 t? tnp .-.esearcr. anc
Oevsioorent arprcpriat ;?n; a cecrease o' 2422.2C2 was aatlied to Ci's a: tivity.
- Tne 2or.r?'.;s "ecjce'i ace'>:/~i cs A2'? services d- S2 a cecease S ,-10'j
was izz'.:n to f.'s activ'ty.
. :> --;-eafe of 31:,2j2 ~e$o'ts '"j>" tie :o" of Octc-p*" '21.' oay rc^se anc ¦:
n a proposed SJPC ' enent j' apsroprtatlOfi.
- ::sd"C5"a~'ncs to '•est igr. salary ana r$tar.c?s toxic cnencal 5 testinc and assessment
:S'6,3jO;; an" f>*an orir.Mnc »ate" non-ene-oy 2-'9,200', :n o-cer tc r<:a";c'i
¦>.i.;rart to ai' :rci"2T:i supportec Py wnat *as for-nerly an:icipatory rc-searcr
' jncs .
- T~an:'er cf Si.fG tc nar.aaeient and support, iifo"v.is s-P?crt costs, to
pro/ide for additional sjpport services retired to :~eet increased ;.2SA
procr ir._ct ic r-Oji re~e".ts.
- ~ra~s*e'" of S-, 565, 22'2 fror a'l Office a' Sesearcr, ans Development and jeve" oo^sr t
acti.'t:-'; to support on Lev* 2ara' an: "nree ''il? Is'and activfec.
"He trans f» rs, Sy "leca, « ene-cy J 22 ,, jG'J; , water acai -ty . 002' ,
ai- ;$•!"?,2C0), toxic sutstance, S2CC,OOC), and water ;;315,0DC';.
- 0f-"sett:-.c transfer o' S'22,200 we'e ".acre to rea' i;n cort-act 'jr-3s -- 2' 55, 22'o
was t-ansfer-ed w:th.in tne Salaries ano iire'ses acoropr^at^on to Tcnit3ri"o a"S
T-a'ity ass'Jrance in this sa^ie suSactivity; S125,202 wjs transferres w-.-rr. -.ne
-esea':n a-o leve'1 or/"ient approcn af.cn 'ry.i r.jr;i^-a anj cua'ty assurance ir
tn-s sare SwSa:t iv-.ty.
- T,-ans*?'- :2r,?02i to "ar,ace*^ert anc suppc-:, cont-acts r.anacsi-ent, i r. o^oc to
provide tne -Jffice of 5'c;fa- '^andgenent "'t^ adcitiona' resojnces tc acr-n;ster
RC?A prcqramatic ircrease.
- 2^.2 6-1 let in Jan-a"y 2-, 19 ?" , *?isca' "'ear •?$: Travel ?.eou:t ion",
"?Tjired a-;encyn" se reductions to travel; tne total reduction of SI ,"?5,?C0
is peine usee tc funC personnel cor.pi-nsatior and terefits ;»CS3} deficits.
2he recuttion applied tc tnis activity i; 55,300.
- 'cencywice I'crecses are resji-ec
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t*e -.-:en;v usee a total
5ai—et. a'-: T^enser C~c ^0.3:2.?
; 3 ' *o~
tr.:s sur--rro.:ra"., of --.•.in S* ."31.7/
e ^trc.Twra' recearcr
! n: t ?t e-* seta » *e-* or:.ce;s en^W!-?*^
n^a*;;.: *• f.:.".ej *r ft :ne-*
X's-s for ^
1: '<•?-.• -:t • c *r; -ecove"/ -•;;. *wrr
zrnsrrz :yes anc stents
n <; i t - : • -j :
-ji •n:j:f
*. '» j J a ;•«. i
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arj *re D'.'S
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~ /r • «*.'i » *» * /"»->*>-^.'\ ••**»>
v. ""'-ese $t *•:* -?s :¦':«-•¦:¦? tne
syt-et *: jr:arv; *r-;.,3t-
t^c^ces *'^'jst"*es t~r: re'n~ st^'e
; 5 r j•: j ^ ^a -.i f •' * a " J 5 j- r *;e I
Co^'.-it^: t^o !.a C c-c jr: r, -f'-earcn 3:
the 'e^jest of the Office of io'ii -
^p-e^ent^n? Hazardous waste resviat
Resource Conservation cn' ^ecov»ry ^
ar^iv^i 31 iO?iC3' anc wei 1-,r,c^* tc c j^e* t s it
to ai* tne perr*tt*nj o*'*C3' *ren
cate-d un^e- Section 3'J~•* :' tne
T.a*ija?s wt 11 assist tne of'.cia' *n
and **'*! jee-^ent t^e s:ienfi**c
u;e tre njr.t>er of j^nece? sa**>¦ appej
- t• rc" ¦!;a^ '¦fiTjrc® r-anja' entitle:
• act* .an:: "~eat-.ert r3c: sities" *as
"r»:c "-;crtd^t -,ocj"-»"t "*'*
:^^ .r.:cr tne --eso^-ce C^nse
""f-e • 2
sresar-: f
SwrD-r^t
" r a t * o n a";
n an- Yarj^e-vant of '-iazariojs
fvit^es a:'c:;:te* *'tn * at: on
-------
i n-r': e-'.r.o>e':
s.vi1 *'zr t; V-:t .ioc
i) *a.;teS. A: <.) ?.~H Dr^ce'tures ror
j 5 1 r 0 3 SOI: cove' to CCr.f-;' /0' ^ I * * t? e-V. S 5 1 C** i '"'J"' ;*.nfr" J"0cric S M
:OV'?'V" t '~C~ ^exa.T1: Jf Oie
'«?¦' * sieJ j ~erort or ".j* '* spcse• rri-*: * :?$ "3; 5c? a**e
~~vene^t, 3r>" s «o • o v» c a' CrfrCav-'^ :"" ':.t to~ce^
:o'•:• :t e* p^'.tic'oes so* :>. It was s^own ti-i* the o^cvk
* j:*. ' • t • es.
•r/:ns 0'
dtic^ a ;'** Cu ¦ tur
¦ ? e i 5 *. z' $ z t s a i
J*.-.? ;~ec i ~*oorr :r ra:ar:ous la^. ¦? : v~?a t •*•* * :y , c c:v * :e$ s > "~c- * "*e:
*atx-cna-• for *. r.*' r.; a va^'ety -v* *a: t? ?r £¦•.,£> to tie • r :> *.er/J:;
i'Cor^*nc "o 1 ">0 * v * :!.,a ' ;r,araf.teri $t *c3 ' • jO' ^eat ~er.erati 91, t'jxi; gas
Ce 'V*'',* * ' O'* Px^OS'd Jr"! '>tri?" 'c»tOrS.
j;j~o:us *.:: t e ne^at'
\ :r?r-Ot'r.;!/o laza^oous wa:te "e^arcfi prc;ra~ wis .'eve-ooec a .10
¦":'*r'e-t3t'o° *i"t'atec. The ^ri-'a^v or^ect-*? of tv. s oro-prar, ' s :j sieve* o& Lie
* j z a > r ^ ir i ej a ** '• t 0 a i s ur" e tr> e ~ e a $ 0121 < e r. e s t c- *' tie t ~ e * ~ c1 ^ e r at * 0 ^ ** e c -' 2 -
Tr j>e * *. ?' is > * st * r> * ^ 1 *re^~ i r r c * t jt t * s • rrs 5^~ >.-v-,1' oj * r. * •» *•?•; ^a te
anc acs^^ance ^thojc'oc^es.
~wo "Be^* £?c* r,ee'"; J - - ;:v'"e 11" "¦ai-js's rr r.az2r-oj? wji'e y. ici "e"a t, • c- p..-v-
^eve'cre! *.1 sjc^o^t of rr "y~. . ite- -r'ie^ sec-'on tit
- -j 5 c j ~'. -i :;->»'>{*.¦;'• •;'• >s
'qre': sr."-:' ' >ca" '*3r jse ty j*:"-'t £5t r*:'jri c r/
e"v' >' i':er:!-'S. 'he secois "J"i:.'.' :j ir- "• "J-ree-"' j ->r'OSac. 'j"
• eZi-ZZil «4!'.e Inci r,^-,jt'or.* "l's n •it-jr;--: fc" use i! 3 t."'s ieti: is:
t e c 3 * ''/'t'e^-ie * i s-jor."". o' t «i ^ i •;, * ^ a "• , a i ^^-.^a^-'r *. c.
• -¦•:~ j^;-nee-$ •" ".a'-jif"; ;* le —: srz' •
i:zr -i'.jj's .jr-ce-cor^ cons* J^rjsie e»:';ri/i' :eec r^.-e- J"- j;e':v jj'.'z.
";v"o». "re e"ect; vc-ii.-ij of tie Mcunent; was .ji$o tc-ste-.: 'n a trial rjn •?»$-
'oi'/cr 3*' t«-o jsr! '-tafDnt ie'a ;n Cinciirat' in Ju'.,. !rJrO. i*-.* "i"
State, • i ;••;•.i' j^rjcri'. cc;r -sanua's «' • ' ir jji': i"e:
.> . S« 'o- :• s-.-'r.t';- «•*.••< ti-e ';«<• sra't -.«••; a^rce Ccsi'.r.-;" ar; -.e::.--";.
i ^ * w' at'o^s *"e *a*' ^ f ' C
• 'ita-iei fie n-riess*;-/ ytf^izs an';:'3C> naica-c". :•; -" r.;- -.;as.
«'" *.~e nece$sar> i.e-••... a-c Cc:--:s':^a' asv^vj: to ;c-.sfvct tne fa;!1::,.
[) 0 v e 1 ? e w t ^ 0 ?'
sra• "ero^t o' tie !r
te-a^ency C-;-*.^ it tee 'or
tne Cie'^icd*.
31 i:
* ?-ro*^a'. Th; s it**?
r<;ien> • re^crt * > ;c~r
osec c* proi
•'!•.' *"•' jr.s *7 "* t ">e
, V;e ",c*rerat;
•:r ecu* c-^-j^t, a^c
s :r.e ' jc i' * t
<*e: ^ : a: ••c-t.
, -s ¦ •;-.$, *"--r :*•
c r t * 0 r , a '¦z e 1.'' 0 f
-.:a' aspects
}••.":.• ji Act'^r ^:;a"cc-is waste
"y.sleteJ 4 >tusv 3t tne ^se 3' r«->cte sen;i-T t«Ono'ocos ts be use-J 1 r. a
systematic •¦ nvesticst'or 3' jr.cor.fol'e3 wast% s'tes t3 ose ts'an; 'ana:'!";'.
r« - < >"
-------
MV-70
-------
-------
- Develop
* rtc"" r
: jr?s.
- Ot-ve!02 -etnpds fc evs'uat'"? mc-nerators «'tr r.»n-uT jse of tri a; burns.
>ese netr.p.:; «ri'. 1 oe esfeci a'.' / s .- sUuat-.or to arctic-.
- Heve' cp a sour*: data oase or destrjct i or e'l-ciercie? vers j< te-pe-ac..ro,
residence ti~1. t..rp..lerce ard acre- iiipo-tar.t parar-eters,
- lierf.'/ ard ivjluat* mdust-ial tier—a' processes 'e.g. ooi'ers, cere-t •. v '.s;
tr.at :a" be useo to destroy lertair na;>-dous wastes.
•-g1' reer-irn Analysis
- [lu-ing 13-51 = nace ! "recess erg ¦' nee-i n: ana'ysis is oeinc -spliec to survey anc -an
cotert'o1 nazarocjs »aste Drocjjir.o orocessss in tne inaustriai jp?a"ic Cne.-icals
Setter, tne Organ-.: Syss ara P-e.rents Sector and tie ^esff'ce "ar.-'act j.-ing Sector.
Tne ra.niMrc will include a list of candidates fo- l'St'no unaer RS- an>: ~e:nyl netnacy'ate
production processes a-e to be completes as "c.iot" efforts in ?i'.
r.jCar;ojS „aste Treatment
- 1- 'OS' an ;n-nouse prpcess enci"eerir.c anj-ys's exce'tise w-ii te e ' '
will seve'op aj-.cance 'or tne pc. --¦ ¦ ti ng p-osr-T. to evaluate aoplica
was*.-? treat".>ent aoo-o^cnes. Trgac-e-t re'e~s to any techno 1 ogy wr.:c
o- the.~-al destruction and :r.c"uses ::rocess f icatior*, a-id-ar te
of'-site processes cr; reduce, ccncertra, -cdi'y. cetoxi'j, recy
'euse the hazardous wastes.
Se.™eaial Action
- "le'd stad-.cs were Sersan on existinc harardous sdi'1 cor.tro' izu'or.i-,z for eii-;en:y
response actions at jncontro! lec sites. Trsl s ea'jicnert w-.'l incijde:
- fov: 1 e i nci ne>-at i on syste" for tn^ on-site oetoxi * ication of soi's, ":aooon sours,
oesris , and otne- solid or 11 qu 1 c materials that na.>; seen carta*! nates with
hazardous cnenicc:3;
- "ofciie mysica'i 'cne'Tica i treatrv.-nt systets jti'id-no both oowoe-j: and c-anular
activated ca'Dor for concertrat•wastes ard '.eacnates;
- Mobi I e systen for the on-site thermal recene'stion of granular act -.vatec' ca'oor
used in site cleanup operations;
- Votiie system for diver:¦, 15 sjrface water flow around hazardous sites.
- Also, in 1931, a manual will be prepared on the safe handling and disposal of
leakino/damaged Or-jir.s wnicn nave been storea at jncontrolled sites.
- Long-tern fie'i validation o.n the performance of reoeci a! actions sche~.es will be
continued. This verification includes studies at hazardous waste ianofilis and
surface impoundment sites. Also evaluation of leachate treatrient technieues anc
a survey to verify tne technical and cost aspects associated w>n completed remedial
action schemes is Being continues. New starts will include develop/rent o* a
¦"Ode! to oe used in selecting the best rer^eoial action scheme for specific site
conditions, tiorr. will also be initiated in tne area of in situ st jpi' i.-at 1 on zo
"¦ini.Tsize 'eachate release fror.i waste disposal sites.
lipiisned wr.-;r
IS not :or;>1r~3-:
nrolo:v, anj
le. recover ;r
-------
rv-'JC*?d
con:
S56
* :e;rea.»e o:
•j t-:" e i' •? ^ ^ j. •• i s a 2 r ' e c to ' 5 j c t *»" t y.
lirzri-zz -edjce: aoenc/*:ven* :>r ' -e S-:,r'-Ce vouvjses ~j\
4 jece^se o? J ~,5*as t* f-'S 3;t-v'tv.
"'¦i. ', " r - U ^ t * C r v' "17 to -'"*>''4
eA--. . c-sc" d3^rcr.r * »:: op.; i iie;r~asa ;• 7',-:^-,-..Vl; «>s
f: ' 3 oCt'V • t> .
*.:? vO^^ess "e:.;:-rc a.:~- cvv.:e
2, ?*7 irr:' e * to t•"* s i:t' V: tV
"jy 52 j >:zreize ?f
An *ncrsds*: ¦;.* S?C,2X* re$j»t5 'ror. t':e : - s t cf t*ie 0:t.>;¦•.?* ;9-a pay
r-j*se a^s r * • r:u a «."j u- a proDcsea SuPr-e^t-r:>: :-ropr* «t*on.
j '.; 5a* a-/ in- at*r c:"ts :: '-•jet cr.-soa*; ~
: n <1 trans'e'" &' frc,- itr*" acti».t*eo.
-"sett'ni: trjns'e*"s ;* $15:,27'"! wer»? ~cse to -ej^'.or c c r-'act 'u**?. --
"is fens:^r*• i * rr. n t^e Sa:a~*ej an- £*pe':so: ao?rODriat ion to Ton* t
•"•f" fs -e' * *" c •" i^c I'^'.e' 3~c; - . •:"or 'rr - j-. • t •.•"¦* '• j r j :
a: prance *n :~ s sa^c »,t*ct *.. . :*.
T-ins'er ^esu'tes ir. a decease of 52-,700: to sc'enti^*c assessments
{SC 3,0 70* ana tc- nea:t' •a'-ects ($«•,/" 00 5 *: tnir. me sa^c- s-jt>act i vuy,
tc reili;:n contract 'jncs.
'"3ns*'er res j' te^ in a decrease zi S^c.'CC:
nat lonu: -:e SjppcKt cnst 3 , to croviJe f^r jdJ
renU'',e: t? reet 1 reread* CRA 3roc3ra.1r.ct-c
0 r.ar.a«t.-'nent 2*-: Susoort,
ttonal susoort services
re«r.ents.
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V'*S5tt'~C tr
forS 3* 5-: rjc€ tc r-?
i' • "• crt'3:'. -- Jt
,5CC
«as trrs'iT
°q K':i:rs tre Salar-es anc Exce-s
S5 ir-D'C?'" it 1 or to *or " tC
" * 1C
3^-r c-'3' * ;y £
• suffice 'r ;-,!s sa-r-e suDactivty
; i!S5,i;c- -as t-a-s'e--e.-
*:-.win =e
sej'c1". a~!l '€••¦:•' cc -ar.t acproc-iat
iOr fro- -ior,i ccr-nc a-,C ou
2 'i ( t •'
cSS-T2r.C*r ir
tr.s sa^e suDect • ty.
- ~-irsTer of S
-2,-OC to zir-gsere-'. and s-;cco't.
contracts ~auce~ert, 'n
Q ** 2 A f*
to pr^v: C5 t*
0 *• f ^ ^(v >2f r y>ir^Ar ^
i" acCit.onal resc,;rces to
*Z~i"* St»?' -:C
r-rograT.-Titincreases,
- . '•*' 'etir
Jar,u-.^r> 2-, '95*., -•*.scs.*
"•ear :?••.; 'rave' Sej-jitic*
'cc j ;®'
r-i'-jct'C^S to ; t?;e
t 31 u « "" v " j 11 * 0 ^ Z* » ,
? r
' $ z~-r: j$e :
to * rrsorre cc.'.oe^sit: ^ ^
r-: :erc*':£. _• ce*::::
s,
?* * t d 3ct1» ! ty *s
- w". »
- "u3 3j1' e t • -
Jan•ja-Y 30, '?31,
,jr Oo 2^CJf^?er: of :r^:
y r
: ::r ;."i*rt", **
K;t*K j usee to 'uni -CSE aecif'.t
s, "Tne rc-fct•'or »c:0 * e2
tr~s activity
is Si 1
a
sen;vxiie result ".Ci cf S'i.isD.fC-C
to re ^ ?>2nt rests is te*
1C
~ • n c rce*-
"3 fur,: K&l cefic.ts; th£ recu:
t:or. izz-UeC to activ
s^rw*
'n: s r
n.3 ,^cncv
"i-crsr o*
« total cf '' 7,64 " , 3CT ar.e 34 permanent « o <"»: y? a - s for tftij
.S2J.SC9 is t'cr tne Sala'ies 415 txse>!5es Acc-sr.'-'at-j'. a is:
5CC *•
5 'or ext."a"*"'jr"d1 ^w'-^oses u-i
der the Kesearc* Dev«"! D^n^r.t *•?
orDpr:at ^on
-,!ects
ar *r.creasc- of S"9,'CD *>o.t
^Sl.
2£ "CO
-5 Xiste " i Su^'2ce
In&aur.'jrre-r.-
Tr.« *
>8-2 D^ar w:"! ddc^es' er-ir-t-
e": r-; cir.ce for the -jes - ar,
it: Or ,
3 ?x: *
on-: per^orr.jrce to t^-
co;d}>- for narircevs «cste
' rc
*2r;t
treatrrxjn:, $torb , "onaevizy, aid
;r. sta 0 1 1 \ z i t1 tscrnoi cc es w > \ re
1 rd i cat or -.est for Drer.*cvi$ ~.n~ ' e 2 c n -
or rat • s; 1' tv c*' waste,'r-ocess co.-.Dir»::ors.
The- ««gnt tecn-ii'ca! resource cocj^e-ts rrevtcus>y -'escribes ir
section 11 Be opocte: c- an annus" sasli statnetnt vco- cr e*
7rose tscnnical 'ese-Te esculents relati'-.j cc lanj'i'.ts *1'' z
s tecnnicj' tarsfji -anual.
! C -
* a £e ,
Tse protocol devtlores in *93" for p'eC'ctmc tne ca*.?cs:t:oi, 'ate of eentrauo*,
a no total cuantify of leacnates r>o- nacarccus waste "anc disposal facilities
will ae field vtlicaiei. it 19S2. On trie basis of this into^at'or a-,: tne resets
of ocllutar.: novenent research, a auicn inaicator test nil! oe deve'ooed to srecic;
i>31! -j t a n £ ,-nave-en frcr. soecific c.spcsa' sites. Tne test, *nen • ico-corates
a sicole ore-df.-nensiona' nede'i, can De usee when ces-gmns liners an: ilspcsal
facilities, oreiicting lancf *'life and race cf pet latant rs'.cate, anc ev«5«etinc
pe—:it applications for c-snosa? facilities.
HW- 7
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c-'fo —.< :o itncaraue -•eas^rerent T.etroSS for «aste ana stac*. e.-.issiois.
'.r- ceve:jc'n; ne prot jcj ' s , si«c. i', jtteition w'l o«; civer to r.n-'ine, iot-:o".e
:.j~5tecinsues. ~v>ese tecin'Sjes w,'," t» stuciti, c.30i'*e-:, en; ven
; :»st sy-.i, the r?-r't a'-isrjm. -rot;-:?1! w: -jDC4t«
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3 * * ,
oe uses, for exanp'^e, 1 r, ccve'c:;:"
9
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"ne
5:
2 *" c i *' s 'o r c
0 rtir uit* cr
cf :iv
efrc-t tc
.^ve'op ;-iter:a for co
Tear-.rye
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•
* 16" or S~31
,''-ot; -r.c
• rebate
"s and ap?'
* y< nrs ;,ie its to * -'
*' - S C J
systems. Sc« •nc criteria are a-.": o-ve'caes tnat w.i De use- to design and
O'jila a '•eijtec-sca'e ticj-?' of a ful1-si:ed , licustnal waste incmerator. "ho
Toce" tett incinerator wi' ! include Sath rotary U'n and tigyid 'njection jnits
wnich will sharo a c onion a;teroume- charDer. The nodel will De used to veri'y
and refine tie scalm; rara~eters for incinerator cesi~,n. Tie ?i"t jnit w-'"
jse: tc local the coitions in ctner *y, 1-sired na;ardojs waste tc ¦re'-at;ro sy
• ncorsoriti^i cer'orr.ar.ce cata '.-a- -.a:jnco„s waste incirerators as ready ir.
corner:-}; cremation.
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Pesticides
SECTION TAB
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SECTION TAB
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"ne Ace^cy recuests a tote- of Sar: '55 ns^-s-o-.
.^O'lT., ' "C' j *' r ; 212 j r»: ar at • 0'. ~ -* S5.i~7.*2} *s '?r
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:ran$ **'11 snare ir :ne :»erf Drrr.a^ce of t*c- 'aoo-atorv »-ct fjof.or.s.
.nance rror. jan^iry -g o j g s t
~r.s -ij-es: ••ecesents a cc-crease of S-i,-32-/.C2 a.-: ? o-m-rsnt *or».year^. t~t
Jarijr.-y bwCcst. of wrro'i $523 ,~3C is for Sal arta~-c C'.r^sss a^i 3 ^,212,-23 ;: *cr
Aocte^vent, Contro* and Cox*: ance.
.:s aecryase » ; De accc*r »* SMec jy '-ec.c.^c . c-% or* ty »j-.;' r -r.-jnt p i^c.as^s ,
:cr-$.'t:ng -ces, ana travel as ' as cct'-acts ;rD.". .:* n-g jjrfoic' exros^'*'? ana'ys* s
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a«c:tc, both tne sane as *orecast *'r. 1931.
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"his 'eve' o*' 'jn'^c «''. enat'e :ne A sency to -a'nta'.n rec o^«l 114-son
«i t" ^tate a": 'jca' ¦.-¦ffic:a'- 3~c tie public, rrov.le iif;1—ut'C" pcsf "130
r?5-' i ".s^y p:'"f es a~r cj J'jis an.; ;:";vje in' as;-sta~ce »"ti "escoct
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»cri e1- safe;.- arc i^tejratec pes" xan aoe-'er. t tecni'c^es.
Zna~~*:* *ror.
"Vs rejjeit -presents a decease of S'3:,cOC '"or :r>e Janja-y ruccst, jf
W"'cn 33-.S0C is 'cr Sala'-'es a no Expenses, and $53,300 U for ASate^eit, Control
a." Conpiiaoce. "ne decrease "" Salaries and Expenses w!! se aciaiplisnes oy
a resu::ion :n 'oxer :"or''y five!, consultant services, ana print*. *g. "he
cer-ease 'n "Sate^or,:, ton-.rcl anj Conp]ianc? »11' ce accp.-pl •• srea d y tie e' 1 fit's -
nation of scne surpor; to tne prcr.ct ion of integrated oest r-jnaaenent ar.d far
safety a:t 1vif.es. ""-;s support can pe adeauateW furnishes p< m-nouse capabilities
at -taencv leasejarte-s.
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e ¦izz-z^z -t.v,:-caf-ors.
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^ "esulted *n data on rest ic Me accde^ts tn
1 t :jse and in
- ,
-\o S'jrPCr* ^Pj1Str*5,','''n 4 * iK- e>'
• ^^'»yiqc',,,:s
1
?rosrj.-.s 3-0Vl»»i to 3cv»r*<-ncis»! ,:"vcte o't
' t ' p s.
"hes? i z t * v * t * e s ra^e '¦.ad 5 p v j "* -•v^'O'* ?os*t*.'r ,_n"'
? 01 S . " r. r 0 0 *" t * * ' t ! t ' ? "
*. *• 2' n "i r" . by "eac^*n~ ove~ *v ***;.•* :?,?/' • 'at^'s. c o 01 r:; t e s tt tie
1 f ' 36'** r " 0* 1* "-C * J°nC'3 C* 29?!*' ' Z ' Z9 T c ,S3 2^C *.QZ ' ~ e ~ t r,. ~**-2 T"r. i^r- - ¦? ^ * 1 1^
"•?">*'c • 1? zl ass * f':: t1 on/arr • ^cato** co-t * '^.-v o* ?r:>z~>.~. *s : .*jb'e, •' * •?•"**t' ,-e
*.j t j^ce1' at: or ze -• zkv f**0°
*^e States is t*ev assj*"«e *^cr«aied >c
tie - 9 c
>-p,j ~**o i>0-
is'• s:j~:
:*• it:c ' o•?
:r 1 ?3: *".e Agency has allocated a total of S^r.OC-
*c'3"*es loesses to orov^de co^s ^ tat *on, tecv'-:
-va^ot w}-*. years
*. n ^ri;' "' or
oest:c-de
-s-e^ra* sc.^ccs and "ecu•ato^y lit*-* a*; to «ove *"*"¥?r
¦iScs and ao~J'cato^o, 'ar-»e**s, and /a*-*#?r<»*'$ •." suroor: of Z^z*~i\' 2t?te r"??.*-
; r -j -: - n d: • 01, erv^oeicy -esjo^se to oest*cide 'rc^eoti. -e? * strat '.on *cf"rs j^d
"^e r-^c^tt'C" ?* si**"* 2i- *nrovativg restic'oe ase«
LAr«3^3T^jr» 0- ladies T;n BuwCO' LSt'n»te
"he net ifc-esse a' 5292,SCO results 'r"~> severai act-cm. as
- S^ortlv 3 * 11? *" the t P 3 ^ t^L'CCCt eSt'-^dte *2S S jC^t-11 •?"! » 1 C^^t Ci^t?*"
tr*2~S~* ttS- rev" S'O^S tO t^S tJoc!"®'. (^O'jSe - "5 C 'J ~v?t - f - i-1 * ', t^^S5 '¦•?•»* S'?^<
"?Z.
- 'he Concess r^juc?d ane^cy^d-? tr3v
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
~>£ 5TICI D£ S
°esticides Enforcement
A?nrccr*3t1on
^isTTcTceTTn f o r eerie n ::
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Desticides Enforcement
Grants Support:
Salaries and Expenses
iC2
437
5*2
*tO> /
-36
°esf.;-des Enforcement
Grants:
Abatement, Control,
and Compliance
8, *37
7,920
"',920
•5,702
*732
'esticides Certification
and Training Grants:
"batement, Control
and Compliance
3.000
3,000
2.50C
-500
Total :
Salaries and Expenses
«bate-Tent, Control
and Comcliance
3,423
8.893
4,189
11 .032
4,497
11,026
4,735
11.264
~233
*238
Grand Total
12,321
15,221
15,523
15 ,999
*47 6
'enaneit Positions
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants Support
94
11
122
16
109
16
113
15
-9
-1
Total
105
104
13
138
125
133
¦*¦8
Full-time Eauivalencv
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants Support
137
17
127
17
131
16
Total 117 154 144 147
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1931 1982 1982 vs 1931
Tdo' Tars-vT" thousandsT-
S3.026 S3.752 S3.924 S4.24S *S324
156 112 106 62 -44
Budoet Reouest
A total of S15.998.700 and 133 pemanent workyears are requested fcr the 1932
pesticides enforcement program. Included in this total is S4./35.200 for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $11 ,263,500 for the Abatcnent, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The total amount for both resource areas reflects an overall 'increase
of $475,900. There is an increase of eight permanent workyears from 1951.
P-29
-------
Progran Description
The oest-cides enforcement D'og^am. covering approximately 10,000 firns in-
volved in the production of pesticides sold and distributed in the United States and
millions of persons using those pesticides, is administered pursuant to the rederal
Insecticide. Fungicide and P.odenticide Act, as amended (FIFRA). The first priority
of tie sr3gra.11 is initiating enforcement actions in emergency situations involving
substantial threats to public health and safety. The program emphasizes compliance
or the oart of the pesticide industry with registration, classification, and labeling
requirements, and conoliance by users and aoplicators of pesticides in observing prooer
label directions 'or use. As a result of Federal/State enforcement agreements. the
program 1s conducted largely by coooerating State agencies. Included in the overall
program are: observation of pesticide applications; sampling and label checks of
pesticides at production sites and in the marketplace; registration of pesticide-
producing establishments; and initiation of enforcement actions including civil
penalties, criminal prosecutions, seizures, stop sales, and injunctive actions. In
addition, -.he oesticides enforcement program in 1982 includes the administration
0* t*e a'r'icator certification and training program. This resoonsibi1itv deludes
the funding of State certification and training programs, £aA oversight 0' such
programs, administration and enforcement of Federal certification and training
programs m Colorado and Nebraska, and administration 0* ce*"ti flcation and training
prcc«-!^s among Indian tribes.
E?A is comrrtted tc ensuring that State governments participate to the maximum
extent m the nafonai pesticides enforcement program. The Agency has worked with
the States in the implementation of cooperative Federal/State programs, particularly
in establishing cooperative enforcement grants and applicator certification and train,
ing orograms. With State oarticipat'on, the breadth and effectiveness of the enforce-
ment program have been greatly ennanced, the control over the use of pesticides has
•moroved, and increased --esoonsiveness to local needs has been realized.
19SC Accomplishments
Resources 'or this program in 198C were $12,320,400 and 105 permanent workyears
of wnich $3,427,909 was for Salaries and Expenses and $8,392,500 was "'or extramural
purposes jnder the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The extramural
'unds includes 5155,500 'or contracts [including an evaluation of the effectiveness
of the State grant program, training for the laooratory inspection program, and
A0° support), and $8,737,000 for support of cooperative enforcement grants with 49
States and Territories.
In 1990, the Agency developed coooerative enforcement grants-in-aid in 49 States
and Territories. Under these agreements, States conducted 15,322 use and reentry
inspections, 2,315 inspections of pesticide-producing establishments, and 13,785 market-
place inspections.
During 1980, the EPA program accomplished the following: 284 inspections of
oesfcde-producing establishments; 559 use and reentry inspectipns; 494 inspections
at ports of entry; and 320 marketplace inspections. As a result cf these efforts,
tne Agency issued 193 civil actions for product/producer'use violations; 803 notices
of warning for product/producer violations; and 113 stop sale, use or removal orders.
Notices of Judgment were also published by the Agency detailing the legal disposition
of those civil and criminal actions instituted under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act, as amended.
3-30
-------
1981 Proaram
In 19S1, the Agency has allocated a total of 515,522,800 and 125 oermanent workvears
to this program of which S4,496,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $11 ,026,100 is for
extradural purposes under the Abatement, Control anc! Compliance appropriation. Contract
funds in the amount of 5106,100 will be used for the specialized training of pesticides
enforcement personnel in the laboratory inspection program and 'or ADP sucoort. A total
of S7,920,000 will be used to fund cooperative enforcement grants, and S3.000,000 will
be used tc fund certification and training grants.
The 1981 pesticides enforcement program will have as its first priority, at both
headquarters and in the regions, the initiation of enforcement actions in emergencies
involving substantial threats to public health and safety. Other programwide respon-
sibilities include emphasis upon enforcement of pesticide use and application, improve-
ment of enforcement methods through greater cooperation with States, and development of
cises of national or regional s'gni ficirce. Other important activit-os, including
establishment of cooperative enforcement grants and applicator certification and train-
ing grants with the States, will be continued. The enforcement grants will provide for
participation By approximately 57 States and Territories in all areas of pesticides
enforcement. Certification and training grants will provide for the training and certi-
fication of pesticides aoolicators in the use of restricted use pesticides. As in pre-
vious years, the pesticides enforcement program will be directed toward the general ob-
jectives of ensuring user compliance with laoel directions for use, and ensuring adher-
ence to product requirements of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and 3odenticide Act.
Federal pesticides enforcement activities will focus on those States not partici-
pating in the grant program and those States having programs which do not adequately
address EPA1s enforcement concerns within resource limits. EPA user compliance act-
ivities will include 392 use, reentry, and experimental use inspections. °roduct and
producer compliance activities conducted by EPA will include 200 establishment inspec-
tions, 155 marketplace inspections, and 542 inspections at ports of entry. Additional
use, establishment, and marketplace inspections will be conducted by State agencies
under the terms of cooperative enforcement grants.
19B1 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimates
The net increase of $302,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's reauest for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $25,600.
A transfer of $1,700 was made to the Office of the Inspector General in orde>- to
to provide additional resources to the office.
The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $14,500
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $16,800 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement Control
and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $4,300 was applied to this activity.
P-31
-------
the Corn r ess reducer1, agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000: a
decrease of 55,000 was applied to this activity.
At. increase of S66.500 results Crsr. the cost of the October 19R0 pay raise and
is included in a proposed siDplerental appropriation.
Rfororrrarrriras to realign salary arid related costs to meet ore-board needs resulted
in a net transfer of 5151,800: from 9olid waste hazardous waste nanaccnent regulatory
strategies itfplorientation (567,600): hazardous waste enforcement (565,500); drinJcirc
water urviergro'-ind injection ccritrol proarar. ($66,100); noise regional program
irpienentatior. (55,000): and to water -juality nnicipal waste treat.-ient facility
construction fS4,400); waste treatment operations and maintenance (S6,600); pesticides
use management ($7,900): and imnagement and support-regional counsel (S13,100);
and financial managsnent (526,100 j; to pesticides enforcement grant support
(S2.700): to toxic substances enforcement (S400); and fran pesticides eriforcerrent
(S2,700).
Transfer of S123, 500 within the Office of Enforcement from air stationary source
enforcement to support pesticides enforcement grant activities.
tre Bulletin »81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction". required
aoencywide reductions to travel: the total reduction of 51,795,900 is being used to
fvnd personnel catrpensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is S27.000.
CMB Bulletin *31-9, Jaruary 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equirr^nt" , required agencywide reductions to equipment: the total reduction of 5421,000
is beirn used to find PC3.B deficits. the reduction applied to this activity is S3,600.
An internal aoencyvd.de reduction of 56,550,000 to equipment costs is beinc made in
order to f\nd PC3J3 deficits: the reduction applied to this activity is 27,400.
An internal agencywide reduction of 51,790,800' to other contractual services is beino
niade in cnier to find PC83 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is 51,300.
the Department of ttouainc and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1991, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations, this one
percent authority is being irplenenteci by transferring funds frcrn the Research, and
Develocrwnt and the Abatement, Control and Ccrplianoe appropriations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation in order to fund PCSJB deficits: the reduction applied to this
activity is S2.400.
Aoencvwide increases are required in order to fund the PC&B deficits: the increase
applied to this activity is S72.900.
P-32
Revised 4,'16/21
-------
19S2 Plan
The Agency requests a total ot 515,988,700 arid 133 permanent workyears for this
program, for fchidi $4,735,200 is for Salaries and Expenses, and 511,263,500 for Abatement,
Control and Ccrplianee. The total reflects an overall increase of $475,900. This increase
is for additional enforcement activites and for increased participation by States,
territories and Indian Tribes in the cooperative enforcement grant program. Of the total
budget, S8,701,900 is available for the support of 57 cooperative enforcement urants
with State arc Territories. An additional $2,500,000 in or ant funds will be available to
supror-t the administration, enforceneit, and oversight of applicator certification and
training programs. Contract finds will total S61.600 and will be used for specialized
tr&mma for pesticides enforcement personnel in performing laboratory data inspections
an! subsequent enforcement case development. the pesticides enforcement and pesticides
abatement and control programs will share in the performance of the laboratory audit
functions beginning in 1982.
In 1962, the pesticides enforcement jxograro has as its first priority the initia-
tion of enforcement actions in energmcies involving substantial threats to public
health arrl safety. Drchasis will also be placed upon enforcement of pesticide use
and application, upon improvement of enforcement methods through greater cooperation
with States, and upon the development of cases of national rr regional significance.
Plans for 1982 are to include the participation of all Territories and States
in the enforcement grant program. State activities will include use, reentry, and
experimental use inspections, establishment inspections, and marketplace inspections.
As a ccnsequence of this erhanced State role in the overall program, the Federal
role will continue to be that of program management and training. In States 'without
crrar.ts, and in States having uiouraiia '^ich do not adequately address certain enforcement
concerns. Federal enforcement activities will continue within resource limits. In
ai.-lition, the enforcement program will include the funding of State applicator certifi-
cation and training programs, oversight of sucti State prograrrB, administration and
enforcement of Federal applicator certification and training programs in Colorado and
"ebrasKa, and administration of certification and training programs anong Indian Tribes.
flange tror- January Request
The request for pesticide enforcement represents a decrease of $114,900 and t«o
workvears from the January budoet. The request for pesticide enforcement crrants
support represents a decrease of $52,700 arid one permanent sorlcyear fron the Jaruary
budoet. The decreases are in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and will not
result in any significant change in outputs.
There is no d-.arne to the January request for pesticide enforcement grants and for
pesticide oertification and training grants.
P-33/34
Revised 4/15/81
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides - Nor,-Energy
Budget
Current
Increase ~
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Est imate
Decrease -
19S0
1981*
1981
1982
1982 vs. 19!
> do'
1 lars in
thousands)
App'opriation
Scientific Assessments:
Salaries and Expenses
$4 38
$413
$304
$364
~ $60
Research and Development
25
39
137
...
-137
Technical Information and Liaison:
Salaries and Expenses
83
87
96
57
-39
iesearco ana Development
*
4
4
...
Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance:
Salaries and Expenses
432
517
493
632
*139
research and Development
45
48
48
59
* 11
Health Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
3,763
2,439
2.36C
2,342
-•3
Research and Development
1 .781
*396
396
221
-175
Environmental srocesses and Effect:
Salaries and Expenses
2,200
2,699
2,734
2,535
-199
Research and Development
4,161
3,411
4,031
662
-3,369
Total :
Salaries and Exoenses
6,916
6,155
5,997
5,930
-57
Research and Development
6.015
3.898
4,616
946
-3.670
Grand "otal
12.931
10,053
10,603
6,376
-3,727
Permanent Positions
Scientific Assessment
8
9
9
6
-3
Technical Information and Liaison.
2
2
2
1
-1
Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
10
12
12
10
-2
Health Effects
73
31
30
27
.3
Environmental Processes and Effects
55
60
60
49
-11
Total
148
114
113
93
-20
ful1-tine Eautvalency
Scientific Assessments
11
14
12
10
-2
Technical Information and Liaison.
2
2
3
2
-1
Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
12
14
13
11
_2
Health Effects
101
43
42
39
-3
Environmental Processes and Effects
78
86
91
73
-18
Total
204
159
161
135
-26
•January 1930 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
P-35
-------
Budget Request
The Agency request a total of $6,875,500 and 93 permanent workyears for 1982, a
decrease of $3,728,100 from 1981. Included In this total is S5,930,800 for Salaries
and Expenses and $944,700 for Research and Development, with a decrease of $55,300 and
$3,672,800 respectively.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Pesticides Researcn
Committee. The overall program develops, validates and documents procedures for measuring
or predicting human and environmental exposures to pesticides and their effects under
various environmental circumstances ano pesticide usages. The program provides quality
assurance support for Agency measurements involving pesticides as well as providing
resources for developing, validating, and documenting cost-effective alternate integrated
pest control strategies for urban environments. The disciplinary components (or sub-
programs) of the program are Integrated Into an overall research effort designed to
produce outputs clearly focused on Agency research needs in this subject area.
The overall program develops, validates and documents procedures for measuring or
predicting human and environmental exposures to pesticides and their effects under various
environmental circumstances and pesticide usages. Another facet provides quality assurance
support for Agency measurements involving pesticides as well as providing resources far
developing, validating, and documenting cost-effective alternate integrated pest control
strategies for urban environments.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $462,900 for this sub-program, of which $437,700
was for Salaries and Expenses and $25,200 was for extramural research activities.
The arsenic exposure assessment data verification was initiated at the request of
the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances for use in the Agency's Position
Documents 2, 3 and 4 leading to regulatory action for arsenic as a wood preservative.
Guidelines were formulated by which the Agency will conduct mutagenicity risk
assessments. These Guidelines which will be published in the Federal Register in
FY 1981 will benefit all Agency programs by providing the mechanisms whereby chemical
mutagens can be regulated.
A mutagenicity evaluation was performed for the chemical carbaryl and testimony was
provided before the Science Advisory Panel relative to its possible regulation under
FIFRA.
A Workgroup on Reproductive Effects was organized to provide background documents to
be used to write reproductive effects risk assessment guidelines. Drafts from this
Workgroup have been prepared on female reproductive effects, male reproductive effects
and developmental effects. These Guidelines, when developed, will serve to regulate
reproductive toxicants.
Responses were made to rebuttal comments and quantitative risk assessments for
inorganic arsenic and coal tar/creosote were completed. Also completed were
quantitative risk assessments on dlallate, lindane and ethylene dlbromlde. Tnese
activities are In support of the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR)
review for registered pesticides.
Expert witness testimony was provided in the cancellation hearings on 2,4,5-T. This
testimony was based on an extensive report on the carcinogenicity of the chemical and
its contaminants as well as a review of pathology slides.
P-36
-------
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $442,700 to this sub-program, of which
$303,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses Approprla11 on and $138,800 is for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
The scientific assessment program will provide continuing support to the Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances in the form of technical assistance, oversight, evaluation,
or preparation of risk and exposure assessments for pesticide chemicals considered to be
possible carcinogens, or mutagens or having otner reproductive toxicity effects. The
program also participants in the Pesticide Chemical Review Committee to review all RPAR
documents. Expert witness testimony at Science Advisory Panel reviews will also be
provided on chemicals which have been evaluated by the program. These activities are in
support of the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration review which is conducted for
all registered pesticide chemicals that have shown a potential for unreasonable adverse
effects as defined in the Federal Register (C.F.R. 40, Part 162) and Sections 3 and 25 of
FIFRA. The scientific assessment program will also provide an oversight review function
for the re-registration of all pesticides as required by Section 6 of FIFRA. A limited
oversignt will be available on pesticide exposure assessments using the new exposure
guideline concepts.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalMng" tne program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected m this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this
submission.
The net decrease of $9,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted 1n a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $2,200.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $1,900 was
applied to tn1s activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a decrease of
$2,500 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $2,000 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $4,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammlngs to realign salary and related costs to tneet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $16,000 to other activities.
- A transfer of $2,000 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide additional
resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance penalties
under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
- Transfer of $86,800 within the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to air-gases and
particles/non-energy ($17,900) and to a1r-hazardous pollutants/non-energy ($68,900);
transfer of $99,800, within the Research and Development appropriation, from air-
oxldants/nonenergy ($52,800) and from water quality non-energy ($47,000)—to realign
contract funds.
P-37
-------
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $365,100 and 5 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, ail of which is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation, and is a net
decrease of $77,600 from 1981.
The scientific assessment program will continue to support the Office of Pesticides
and Toxi; Substances in carrying out the requirements of FIFRA. This 4nc'udes oversight,
evaluation, hearing support, and/or preparation of risk and exposure assessments for
pesticide chemicals considerec to be possible carcinogens, or mutagens, or having othe1"
reproductive toxicity effects. Such activities are in specific support of the Rebuttable
"resunption Against Registration (RPAR) review and the registration standards program.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $63,500 and 3 permanent workyears from the
January audget for Salaries and expenses. This decrease will result in reduced support
for cance' assessments, mutagencity ana reproductive toxicity reviews. This will also
decrease tne literature searcn capability.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION ANO LIAISON
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $83,100 for this sub-prograx, of which $82,500
was for Salaries and Expenses and $500 was for extramural research activities.
In 1980, the Technical Information Program supported the preparation and publication
of the Research Outlook, the Research Highlights, technical information plans and guidance
and other general documents of interest to the environmental decision making community.
It also provided 0R0 with information systems necessary to effectively plan and manage
its research projects and resources. Specific accomplishments in the area of Pesticides
included the publication and dissemination of:
Reports on Integrated Pest Management.
A guide for the Assessment of Human Exposure to Airborne Pesticides.
The Regional Services Staff provided for effective comounicat ions between 0R0 and
the regions. Specifically, they:
Developed and implemented the Regional Support Management Information System.
Carried out regional liaison activities to insure technical assistance.
The Technical Information and Liaison helped enable 0RD to comnumcate us research
information to EPA's regional offices and to the environmental decision making community.
Further, they assisted in making better coordination between 0R0 and the regions possible,
allowing each to meet the needs of the Agency and the public more efficiently.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $99,200 and 2 permanent work years to
this sub-program, of which $95,700 is for the Salaries and F.xpenses appropriation and
$3,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
T'lts part of the program is providing various research program and project summaries,
decision series documents, and technology transfer publications to meet Research Committee
requirements. Technical Information Plans, listing the explicit information products for
this Research effort have been prepared. Thoughout the year, support will be provided to
P- 38
-------
develoo these information products and to distribute them to the appropriate users.
Support is also being provided to manage information systems which track ORD's research
projects and resources.
Regional liaison activities are continuing as in 1980. To this end, such activities
will:
Continue the Regional Support Management Information System.
Conduct ORO/Regional Senior Staff Meetings and other liaison activities to provide
technical assistance. These will include preparing reports, conducting special staff
and policy studies, developing regional problem statements, and identifying research
and technical assistance requirements.
Develop and implement a process to address the research needs o^ state and local
government in the ORD planning process.
1981 Explanation of Change from Sudget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's 9udget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this sub-
mission. The details of the restructurlng of the research and development orogram, as
well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section
of this submission.
The net increase of 59,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
-evisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request 'or Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $100.
- An increase of $1,500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Agencywide increases are reauired in order to fund the PC&B deficits; the Increase
applied to this activity is $2,000.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of 55,800 from energy technical information.
P - 3 9
-------
1982 Plan
Trie Agency requests a total of $60,300 and 1 permanent work year for this sub-program
of wnich 556,8*00 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and S3,500 is for extra-
aural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $38,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation which
*i'! eliminate tne regional liaison activities supported by this sub-progra~5 and "educe
the number of technical information publications that can be prepared and disseminated.
This sub-program will continue, in 1982, to develop and produce technical information
products to ensure that researcii information is properly and adeouately communicated to
~ he --onriental decision making coni^jnitv. Specific products planned by the research
cownttee will be developed and support to manage systems which track ORO's research
projects and resources will be provided. This sub-program will no longer support liaison
with the regions.
Change from January Rejuest
This request represents a decrease of $31,000 and one permanent worxyear from
the January budget for Salaries and Expenses. This decrease will result in the
elimination of regional liaison activities for this program as well as a reduction
of the nunoer of technical information publications to be prepared and disseminated.
MONITORING SYSTEMS ANO QUALITY ASSURANCE
1980 Accofflplishwents
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $479,900 for this sub-program, of which S*31,900
was for Salaries and Expenses and $48,000 was for extramural research activities.
Pesticide reference material were furnished to nearly 1,100 E?A and other federal.
State, local, industrial, academic and foreign laboratories. Approximately 28,000
samples were distributed from the 850 reference cotipouods currently stocked. These
samples were used for quality assurance testing and quality control purposes to
ensure intercanparabi Hty of data from different laboratories.
Interlaboratory collaborative quality assurance studies were carried out between
volunteering laboratories.
The quality control of analytical supplies was maintained through a rigorous accept-
ance testing program prior to distribution to other laboratories.
P-40
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1991 Proaram
Ir. 198", the Agency has allocated a total of $541,300 and 12 permanent work/ears
to tnis sub-program, of which $453,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
an; $46,000 is for extramural purposes under tne Research and Development appropriation.
A major effort is the maintenance of a repository of pesticide calibration materials
which will be distributed to over 1,100 EPA, Federal, State, local, academic, indus-
trial, and foreign laboratories. These materials are used by the laboratories to
maintain internal quality control to ensure that their data are accurate, precise,
and reproducible. In addition, the program serves as a central supply of special
reference -ate-ials used in gas chromatographic analyses by the Office of Pesticides
Prolans' cooperative epidemiology laboratories to improve consistency of analyses.
Repair and calibration services for specific instryinents used in these epidemiology
laboratories are orovided to ensure that comparable results are obtained by each
laboratory. An analytical standards manual is also provided biannually to provide
up-to-date information to all laboratories.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budoet Estimate
The resources reflected under tne 1931 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswal
-------
- OMB Bullentin #31-7, January 24, 198', "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Seduction", required
agencywioe reductions to travel; tne total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to
fjnd personnel compensation and Benefits {pCSB; deficits. Tne reouction applies to
this activity is $40C.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs Is being made in
order to fund PCi3 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is S30.00C.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total of S690.300 and 10 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, of wmch $631,500 is for the Salaries ana expenses appropriation and $53,80C is
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an Increase of $149,000, which will support the pesticides repository
which distributes standard analytical reference samples to EPA co-operator laboratories
plus support for the agencywide mandatory quality assurance program.
The emphasis 1n the monitoring systems and quality assurance program will continue
to be upon Improving the quality of data obtained In supoort of pesticide activities
through these efforts:
Tne major effort under this program will be the maintenance of a repository of high
priority pesticide calibration materials which will be distributed to over 1,100 EPA,
Federal, State, local, academic, industrial, and foreign laboratories. Tnese
materials are used oy tne laboratories to siaintain internal quality control to ensure
that their aata a1-? accurate, precise, and '¦eproduc'ble. !n addition, the program
serves as a central supply of special reference material used in the gas chromato-
graphic analyses by tne Office of Pesticides Programs cooperative epiaemology labora-
tories to improve consistency of analyses.
Repair and calibration services for soeciflc instruments used intheir epidemiology
laboratories will be provided to ensure that comparable results are obtained by each
laboratory. An analytical standards manual is also provided biannually to provide
up-to-date information to all laboratories.
Support to the Mandatory Quality Assurance Program will provide technical guidance,
support and overview to assure that the Agency will have envlronmental data of
-------
Groundwater and well water from Long Island, New Torn were tested for residues of
the carbamate pesticides alaicaro and carbofuran. A toxicologic study for possible
potentiation between tnese two highly toxic pesticides was carried out. This study
assisted the Agency 1n determining the potential danger to people who use the well
water for bathing and drinking purposes.
Tests were carried out In mice and rabbits to evaluate the potential hazard of
Nosema locustae to human health if this protozoan parasite is used as a oiological
control for grasshoppers on rangelands and grain fields. The tests were designed
to expose the experimental animals to quantities of organisms through various routes
of infection that would provide maximum opportunity for Nosema locustae to benave
as a mammalian pathogen. The data collected in this study was considered during
the registration of this biological agent.
"urther studies on the neurotoxic effects of EPN {an organophosphate insecticide)
and two cotton defoliants (DEF and merphase) were conducted to define the hazardous
dose in acute and subacute dosing. An in vitro test, neurotoxic esterase, was
evaluated as a possible screening procedure for delayed neurotoxicity.
Procedures for evaluating human exposure to pesticides have been developed, validated,
ana compiled into guideline format for inclusion into tne Agency's registration
requirements.
1981 Program
In 1981, tne Agency has allocated a total of $2,755,800 to this suo-program, o* wnt;n
52,359,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5396,300 is for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Highlights of the program include:
Validation of methodology for measuring effects of human exposure to pesticides
during home and garden application situations. Measurements will be made for three
representative compounds.
Evaluation of the efficiency of new and existing devices for sampling pesticides m
ai r.
Development and application of high performance liquid and gas liquid chromatography/
mass spectrometry methods for assessment of human exposure to pesticides, meta-
bolites, and impurities, including dioxins, 1n human and environmental samples.
Health aspects of blorational pesticides with emphasis on genetic stability and
interaction of baculoviruses.
Provision of toxlcokinetic data on absorption, metabolism, distribution, and storage
of pesticides following oral, dermal, or respiratory exposure to facilitate corre-
lation between exposure and effects studies.
1981 Explanation of Cnanae from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this sub-
mission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as
well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in tne Special Analyses section
of this submission.
The net decrease of $79,800 results from several actions, as follows:
P-43
-------
- Snortly after the 198! budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
"-evisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of >7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. Tne reduction
applied to this activity is $3,400.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of $2,300 was
applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide AOP services by $2 million; a decrease of $2,200 was
applied to this activity.
The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services Py $3.3 million; a decrease of
SS5.700 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $20,700 results from the cost of the Octooer 1330 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", reauired
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to
'und personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction apolied to
this activity is $2,000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is Deing made in
order to fund PC4B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $29,900.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $2,562,300 ana 27 permanent workyears 'or this Sub-
program, of which $2,342,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation anc $220,50C
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $193,000. The planned program will:
Validate metabolite excretion tests as an index of human exposure and provide
tecnmcal support documentation to the Office of Pesticide Programs.
Measure actual exposures of applicators of agricultural pesticides and recommend
methodology to the Office of Pesticide Programs.
Determine the comparative methodology/pharmacokinetics of pesticides under typical
agricutural worker re-entry exposures and develop residue analysis and toxicoijgica
techniques for eventual indirect assessement of human exposures.
Develop and validate animal model for assessing human exposure to mna'ed partlcula
pesticides.
Develop methods for identification and detection of baculoviruses.
Conduct toxicological evaluation of selected biological agents.
Determine the potential of specific pesticides for inducing adverse perinatal,
including behavioral effects in the offspring of animals exposed during gestation.
Determine critical embryonic period for production of supernumerary ri&s and effect
of maternal stress in rodents.
Determine effects of chemical administration during critical development periods on
sexual dimorpnisms in rodents.
Elucidate the basic developmental mechanisms responsible for perinatal dysfunction
as demonstrated in rats.
P-44
-------
Determine if epididymal sperm counts and morphology are more sensitive reproductive
parameter than the fertility index/neonatal observations.
Determine the placental transport and fetal deposition of compounds that are models
of their class in different mammalian species.
Provide rapid responses to requests from the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) for
hazard and risk assessment.
Change from January Request
Tms reauest represents a decrease of $141,800 and 4 permanent workyears form the
Janua-y budget, of whicn $135,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $6,000 is for Research
and Development. This decrease will result in a reduced effort in the area of human
effects of pestlcidal compounds (epidemiology studies).
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $6,561,400 for this sub-program, of *nicn
$2,200,400 was for Salaries and Expenses and $4,161,000 was for extramural research
act!vities.
The reoort "Fate of Selected Herbicides in a Terrestrial Laboratory Microcosm" was
published providing transport and metabolism data on Slmazine, Bromacll, Trifluralm
and 2,4,5, - T 1n comparison to standard reference compound 1n experimental terres-
trial microcosm chamoers. The studies reported on whether the compounds degrade as
tney move through ecosystems.
Studies were conducted to determine the transport and effects of wood preservatives
in terrestrial systems and creosote, pentachlorophenol and trlbutyl tlnoxide were
examined in a simulated ecosystem. This research supports the RPAR process concern-
ing creosote.
Acute and/or chronic toxicity evaluations 1n freshwater fish and invertebrate
organisms provided effects data for nine pesticide compounds specified Dy OPP.
Testing to compare the toxicity ana persistence of three pesticides in encapsulated
and nonencapsulated formulations showed increasing toxicity with age and degradation
for two of the compounds. Such studies contribute to hazard evaluations.
A field test was completed In which dlazlnon was applied to two freshwater outdoor
streams and analysis of the data collected is under way. A comparison of these
results to laboratory generated data is expected to enhance scientific knowledge on
which aquatic ecosystem hazard evaluations are made.
The long tenm sublethal effects of the herbicide, Trifluralln, on an estuarine fish
were investigated. Results showed effects on the vertebral column.
A tiered, but simple, biodegradatlon testing program was developed for pesticides.
This program will be used by Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances to provide:
(!) data for pesticide registration and control, and (2) methods for the implementa-
tion of TSCA.
Existing estuarine test methods were evaluated and improved for the Atlantic silver-
side fish.
Studies specific to the Integrated Pest Management (IPH) have also been accomplished
in 1980. These Include:
P-4S
-------
The third year of a 4-year study on "IPM Systems for Corn Soil Insects" has been
completed. Research using cutworm pheromone traps has given corn growers a means to
predict cutworm populations in seedling corn.
Rootworm sampling and predicting techniques have been developed and include the
influence of tillage and crop residues on the efficacy of insecticides.
A wireworm sampling and predicting techniques have been developed that will aid
farmer, researchers, and pest control consultants in timing applications of
1 nsecti cides.
Urban and Suburban IPM programs produced computerized data on biological control
strategies for shade tree Dests and urban/suburban residential nests, and their
predators and a Technical Assistance Center which will disseminate pest control
i nformation.
The "15-University IPM Consortium" project initiated in 1978 to develop IPM strate-
gies for cotton, alfalfa, apples, and soybeans produced results which helped signi-
ficantly reduce the amount of insecticide used in a southwestern area.
The "Rlceland-mosquito IPM Consortium" project, initiated in 1979, developed techni-
ques which permit point-soecific pesticide application as opposed to wide-spread
spraying and which can thereby reduce the quantity of pesticide used.
An Integrated Aquatic Weed Management (IAWM) research program was initiated.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $6,764,600 to this sub-program, of
whicn J2,733,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $4,030,900 is for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
The 1981 ecological effects portion of the research 1s studying particular pesti-
cides of interest to the Agency's regulatory and enforcement offices. This research
encompasses investigations on acute, chronic and sublethal pesticide effects on both
biotlc and abiotic components ranging from single species impacts and Increasing in
complexity to populations and community impacts and interactions. The scope of this
program extends the evaluations through the three major media habitat types; estuarine/
marine, fresnwater and terrestrial. Methods development, standardization, validation
and toxicity testing receive major emphasis to provide testing protocols. Effects assess-
ments include studies to determine the transport and fate of pesticides within ecosystems.
Laboratory, microcosm and simulated natural field systems are being used in generating
information and 1n support of modeling efforts as appropriate, to form a basis for pre-
dicting potential adverse effects from a wide array of pesticide types including conven-
tional formulations, encapsulated agents and blorationals.
The exposure assessment area conducts studies to determine the consequences of envi-
ronmental exposure to pesticides and to support risk/hazard assessments. Tnis research
incorporates a team approach to develop predictive assessment models, both individual
media and multimedia to elucidate exposure concentrations on target or non-target
organisms in aquatic or terrestrial systems including subsurface environments and in
air. This approacn is designed to also provide expertise and technical assistance to
support the Agency's regulatory process. A base research program supports the above
activities through methods and testing development, determination of pesticide movement
and final disposition. Investigations Include application methods, duration and timing
of exposures, critical exposure stages, bioaccumulation potentials, degradation, volati-
lization, photolysis, hydrolysis and sorption characteristics.
The Integrated Pest Management Program continues as a research program aimed of
reducing the use and dependence upon chemical pesticides by providing economically accept-
able and environmentally sound alternatives for controlling agricultural, aquatic and
urban pests.
P-46
-------
The program design couples biological and environmental data with delivery systems to
use-s and promotes the application of IP* practices to prevent Insect ana plant pest
populations from reaching damaging levels in selected major crops and in domestic oriented
situations.
The following are representative activities for 1981 to support mandates of FIFRA,
which the Agency applies to regulate pesticides use and to promulgate policy guidelines
for testing protocols. All the research developed in concert with the Office of Pesticide
Programs, helps the decision maxing processes.
New or improved bloassay methods and other techniques are being developed to measure
and quantify ecological effects and exposure impacts of pesticides.
Toxicity tests and testing protocols and data are being generated for determining
acute, chronic and sublethal responses of representative non-target organisms in
aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
A study is being conducted and a report will be prepared on the biochemical induction
of mixed function oxidase 1n selected marine animals.
The pathobiologlcal effects of chemical pesticides and biological control agents on
marine organisms is being determined.
The effects of environmental conditions on the penetration, translocation and metab-
olism of insecticides in selected crop species are being investigated.
Studies on the effects and the biological and chemical fate of 2,4,0 are being
conducted and data incorporated into a predictive model.
Techniques are being developed to determine pesticide/particulates relationships,
biological activity Interactions and to assess bioaccumulation of pesticides in
freshwater fish.
Data are being generated on the sorption/desorption kinetics and biodegradation rates
of toxic organics in marine systems.
The establishment and execution of operational and coordination procedures of the
Pesticide Exposure Assessment Team (PEAT) and the adjunct support system is being
initiated.
Projected planning functions, technical assistance, research guidance, workshops and
training for improving exposure assessments and to provide expertise, consultation
and other technical support to client offices are being provided.
Under the auspices of the 15-University Consortium, the IPM activity is developing
and improving methods for using chemical pesticides In a more selective manner; deve-
loping computerized integrating models for optimizing control practices and crop
management; and managing IPM demonstration areas, provide training and distributing
information to farmers.
Joint coordination efforts with USDA is continuing to insure that IPM research,
Implementation, extension and education programs are integrated.
The Mosquito/Riceland Consortium 1s developing alternative non-chemical control
methods for mosquitoes.
The development of control stategles for major urban pests including structural
pests, lawn and garden pests, park trees and right-of-way pest is continuing.
Demonstration studies are being carried out in cooperation with USDA on multi-crop,
multi-pest regional IPM strategies. These studies are to demonstrate IPM enhance-
ment to producers and users including the environmental benefits and potential for
reducing human exposures.
P-47
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A comprehensive Intearated Aquatic Weed Management,'IAHM} research program is Oeinq
developed to investigate tne efficacy of biological agents ana cnemicaT neraiciaes
to control aquatic weeds. The effects, interactions and other impacts on non-target
species are being assessed.
An organizational structure for an expanded 1PM information delivery system and for
a field scouting program is oelng developed. A comprehensive approach that is scien-
tifically defensible and field validated as a useful guide for states and other
users of IPM is being documented.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswallting" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget submission
to tne new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this suDuns-
sion. The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as «eli
as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of
this submission.
The net increase of 5654,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- The Congress reduced agency wide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $5,200
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.8 million; a decrease
of $5,700 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by S750.0CC; a
decrease of $14,200 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress directed a reprogramrning of funds to support aquatic weed research;
$620,000 is transferred from energy-hazardous pollutants ($75,000), and from water
quality non-energy ;$545,3C0).
- An increase of $39,400 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $200 to other activities.
0MB Sullentin #81 -7, January 24, 1981 , "fiscal tear 198' Travel Seduction", reau'rec
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of SI,795,900 is being jsed to
fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC4B) deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is $8,300.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PC48 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $10,000.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCAB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $38,900.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $3,197,000 and 49 permanent worttyears for tnis sub-
program, of which $2,535,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and >661,900
is for extramural purposes under tne Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $3,567,600 which is primarily a broadly based reduction
in environmental processes research and In agricultural Integrated Pest Management
research which, henceforth, will be funded solely by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
P-48
-------
The 1982 ecological effects portion of the research program will continue to make
assessments to determine the adverse or potential adverse impacts of pesticides on aquatic
and terrestrial non-target organisms, on physical, chemical and biological processes and
on interactions between the various environmental components and biota. Investigations
will deal with commonly used pesticides and/or pesticides involved in the registration/
reregistration process, in the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) process
and with new or alternative pest control agents (e.g. Oiorationalsj which have been
designated as high priority research needs by the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP),
Tne ecological effects program will focus on three major areas; determination of the
effects, the transportation and the fate of pesticides in coastal waters, freshwater and
terrestrial environments. This will include methods development and toxicity testing and
data generation regarding dose/response of organisms. Testing protocols will ae provided
to be usee by OPP or the public and private sector. Other parameters that will be studied
include bioaccumulation, pathobiological ana physiological effects, movement of pesticides
through the ecosystems and the final disposition which includes residue or degradation
problems in waters, soils or sediments.
Laboratory studies will incorporate bioassays and microcosm research under controlled
regimes in both static and f>c-through systems. Verification studies will be carried
out in se^i-natural systems and field validation experiments will be conducted in natural
naoitats. Present plans call for more empnasis on research using Biological control
agents and an increase in field oriented effects validations.
Predictive modeling efforts will be an Integral part of the above activities as
appropriate to support hazard evaluations. Analytical chemical support for the program
and technical assistance, coupled with the information generated represents essential
elements in the Agency's decision making processes.
The exposure assessment portion of this program will continue to evaluate pestticide
exposure concentrations and define through research studies and modeling activities the
actual or potential perturbations caused in the environment. Information generated from
these activities will oe used within the Agency's regulatory process to determine
environmental risk and thereby forms the basis for regulatory action. This information
nay also fom the basis for, or supplement the development of, guidelines to be used by
industry in their experimental testing programs, as required by the Federal Insecticide,
fungicide ano Rodenticide Act.
Four Environmental Research Laboratories will participate in a cooperative approach
through a newley established Pesticide Environmental Exposure Assessment Team (PEEA7) to
provide data supportive to predictive model development. Specific laboratories will
conduct others studies to generate data and other information concerning exposure concen-
trations in marine, freshwater and terrestrial systems.
Activities will include methods and protocol development, tier testing schemes,
transport and fate research which quantifies rates, routes of movement, relationships
between laboratory and field findings and the extent and capacities of various degradative
processes to control or alter various pesticide concentrations. The duration, timing,
application techniques, kinetics of sorption characteristics, bioaccumulation and other
environmental variables will be considered in the evaluations.
The PEEAT will also calibrate, refine and validate as extensively as possible compre-
hensive mathematical models to carry out the exposure concentration-duration estimate
assessments. Models will be developed for single and multi-media evaluations on pesti-
cides specified by OPP in soil, water, sediments and in subsurface and air components.
The program will include quality assurance and technical assistance to OPP.
During 1982 the EPA will develop Integrated Pest Management (1PM) strategies for the
urban environment. The "Urban IPH" program will concentrate on the prevention of human
exposure to pesticides. Urban IPM research will be directed towards the following areas:
residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, and institutional. The EPA will
develop first generation IPM strategies for urban household pests, shade trees and turf
grasses.
P-49
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This is a followup on the "Urban and Suburban Residential IPM" project that began In
1979. The goal of this program is to demonstrate IPM monitoring, decision making
and implementing techniques.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $286,300 and 6 permanent workyears from the
January budget, of which S196,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $90,000 is for Research
and Development. This decrease will result in decreased support in the area of environ-
mental exposure and effects research.
P-50
¦4
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Radiation
SECTION TAB
-------
RADIATION
Appropriation
Salaries and Expenses....
Research and Development.
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Total
'emanent Positions
F-jTi-tine Equivalency....
Outlays
Authorization Levels
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Non-ionizing Radiation:
Salaries and Expenses..
Research ane
Devel optnent
Total, Research and
Development Program
Radiation Policy Council:
Salaries and Expenses..
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Criteria, Standards
and Guidelines:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Environmental Inpact
Assessment:
Salaries and Expenses..
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Budget
Current
Increase
Actual
Estimate*
Est imate
Estimate
Decrease
1980
1981
1981
1982
1982 vs.
(del 1
ars in thousands)
59,057
$8,628
58,339
$9,794
<¦$1 ,455
841
1 ,435
1 ,438
771
-667
5,431
7,797
7,411
2,323
-5,088
15,329
17,860
17,138
12,388
-4,300
192
268
186
160
-26
221
310
221
191
-30
11,63?
15,100
14,247
15,705
-1,458
2,930
3,181
3,181
•
*
Authorization
Pending
2,078
1,824
1 ,729
2,212
*483
841
1.435
1 ,433
771
-667
2,919
3,259
3,167
2,983
-134
243
-243
...
389
...
-389
2,243
2,342
2,301
3,017
~ 716
2,102
4,735
4,660
1 ,564
-3,096
4,145
3,361
3,453
3,969
~516
3,329
3,062
2,362
759
-1,603
R-l
-------
Actual
1980
Budget
Estimate
1931
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1932
increase -
Decrease *
1982 vs. 19S1
Pace
(dol 1
ars in thousands)
Radiation Program
Implementation:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control
and Compliance.
591
• • ~
601
613
596
-r
R-2G
Total:
Salaries and Expenses....
Abatement, Control
and Compliance..........
6,979
5,431
6,804
7.797
6,610
7,411
7,582
2,323
*972
-5,088
Total. Abatement and
Control Program
12,410
14,601
14,021
9,905
-4,116
Permanent Positions
Non-ionizing Radiation, Total
Research and
Development Program
29
86
31
28
-3
P-2Z
Radiation °ollcy
Council
Radiation Criteria,
Standards, ami Guideline
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Radiation Program
Iraplementation,
54
93
15
60
106
16
1
52
102
16
55
35
15
~3
-17
-1
1 C
S-12
3-1 £
r,-2D
Total, Abatement and
Control Program...
163
182
155
132
-23
Pull-tin* Eauivdlency
Hon-ionizing Radiation, Total
Research and
Development Program
37
100
36
33
-3
R-22
Radiation Policy
Council
Radiation Criteria,
Standards, and Guideline
Environmental Impact
Assessronts
Radiation Program
Implementation
60
105
19
73
118
19
4
63
100
18
67
74
17
-4
*4
-26
-1
S-'.O
12
ft - i b
f - L C
Total, Abatement ami
Control Program
184
210
185
153
-27
* January 1980 'resident's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Develoownt
restructuring.
?!-?
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OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Exposure to ionizing radiation results from naturally occurring sources, medical and
industrial applications of x-rays and radioactive materials, and from various aspects of
nuclear power. EPA accepts, as a prudent public health assumption, the concept that any
radiation exposure results in some adverse health effects. While some public exposure to
radiation is inevitable, ic avoidable risk attributable to radiation exposure shoulc occur to
individuals or to the environment without offsetting benefits.
Exposure to man-made non-ionizing radiation at radio and microwave freauencies, which was
negligible prior to World War II, has increased with both the number and power of transmitting
sources. This trend is expected to continue, and EPA Is evaluating and acting on the associat-
ed risks.
EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse effects of
radiation exposure derives from: (1) the Federal guidance and general environmental standard
authorities under the Atonic Energy Act, transferred to EDA by Reorganiration slan i3 of 1?70;
(25 the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 which provide authority to regulate radioactive air
oollutants tnrough the Act's standard setting authorities; (3) the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (P.CRA) and the 'Jranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) which charge
E°A with providing standards for protection from waste materials with radioactive content, and
(4) other authorities contained in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Marine Protec-
tion Research and Sanctuaries Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Public Health Service
Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act.
These legislative authorities generally prescribe an environmental assessment, technology
assessment, and standard setting roie for t0A. In some cases enforcement resronsibi1ities are
given to other agencies, notably the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. In these instances E'A
performs some oversight functions to insure that established standards and guidance are
impl emented.
Within the framework o' the applicable legislation, the Radiation program strategy is to:
Emphasize the application of regulatory controls to those areas which promise
the greatest reduction in potential adverse health effects and environmental
impacts from radiation.
Maintain a capability for environmental and technology assessment to quantify
the nature of existing and emerging radiation problems and the potential
impact of technologies while still in the olanning stages;
Respond to issues of serious public concern, utilizing EPA's expertise to
evaluate these concerns and, if necessary, point out the need to control
those situations where the corrective actions required are the responsibility
of other Agencies;
Assist in the development and testing of State, local, and Federal plans to
respond to emergency situations involving nuclear events or large, unexpected
releases of radioactivity. This activity has taken on increased Importance
following the incident at Three Mile Island.
R-3
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Within this general strategy, highest priorities have been given to activities man-
sated by the Clean Air Act of 1971, activities associated with radioactive waste manage-
-iert, revision of federal guides for occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, efforts
to characterize the problem of indoor radon and the review and testing of State radiological
emergency response plans.
The emphasis on the Clean Air Act activities has been consistent with general public
concern over radiation and the existence of a significant number of poorly de'ined and
uncontrolled sources which emit radioactive air pollutants. Efforts to date have concentrated
on character-, zi ng the hazards of airborne radionuclides and the establishment of regulatory
priorities. This review has resulted in a decision to delay the initiation of Clear A: r
Act regulations development.
EPA's role in the control of radioactive waste disposal is prescribed in the report of
the Interagency Review Group on Nuclear Haste Management (IRG). This report was endorsed by
the 3resident in February of 198C. EPA's 1981 and 1982 effort on radioactive waste will
include the oroposal and pronlugation cf standards for high level waste, the proposal of the
first of several standards to address low level waste and the continuation of work on ocean
waste packaging criteria.
During 1981 EPA will propose revised federal guidance for general occupational exposures
to ionizing radiation. In 1982 this guidance will be finalized and work will be initiated
on revision of Federal guidance for radon exposure to uranium miners.
A substantial effort to identify and characterize the problem of indoor radon was
initiated in 1930 and continued in 1981. The new emphasis placed upon this area stems *rom
recognition that the indoor radon represents a potential environmental health problem and
one which could become significantly worse through improperly applied energy conservation
praefces. In 1982 prinarv responsibility for this work has been shifted to EPA's Office
Research and Development and to the Department of Energy.
EPA's radiat-on research and development program stresses the identification and evalua-
tion of health effects of chronic low-level exposures to non-ionizing radiation. This research
selves to fill gaas in Federal research on radiation and is necessary for the establishment of
any roQuired Federal guidance for acceptable environmental levels of radiation. Health ris
-------
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
This subactivity includes activities and outputs related to the development of environ-
isntal standards and Federal radiation guidelines for protection of the public health and
envirorenent from radiation exposures from nuclear energy applications, natural ly-occurring
radioactive materials, medical and occupational radiation, and non-ionizing radiation.
Development of these standards and guidelines involves evaluation of health effects data,
radiation measurements, technological and non-technological control measures, and the
economics of control measures.
Environmental Impact Assessment
This subactivity includes activities and outputs related to (1) developing the support
information and documentation necessary for the preparation of standards and guidelines; (2)
ensuring that environmental radiation considerations are properly treated in major Federal
decisions through the NEPA process; (3) responding to unplanned contaminating events, and
(4) assisting other Federal agencies and States on specific environmental problems and radia-
tion control actions.
Specific activities include reviewing other agencies' environmental impact statements,
monitoring for radiation in the environment Including laboratory analysis of the resulting
samples, evaluating new and emerging technologies, developing methods for determining enviro-
nmental pathways and identifying and locating specific sources emitting radioactive materials
i nto air or water.
Radiation Program Implementation
This subactivity includes activities and outputs related to providing regional support to
States in the implementation of their radiation control programs. It also includes the review
of environmental impact statements for existing technologies and assistance to States and
other Federal agencies on specific environmental problems and radiation control actions.
SUWMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1981 Radiation °rogram S1 7,183
Salaries and Expenses *1,454
The net increase relates primarily to the
health effects, criteria, standards and
guidelines and montoring and analysis
programs offset by major decreases to the
Radiation Policy Council and also tech-
nology assessment.
Research and Development -656
The net decrease results from health
effects and monitoring systems and
quality assurance programs.
Abatement, Control and Compliance -5,088
The net decrease results primary to the
environmental standards, and to radiation
environmental impacts statements.
1932 Radiation Program 12,888
R-5
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sitvasy or sjDj"
ESTIMATES
1 . Summary of Budget Request
A total of 512,987,300 is '¦equested in 19B2. This request by appropriation
account is as follows:
Salaries and Expenses S9,794,200
Research and development 770,700
Abatement, Control and Compliance 2,322,900
"his represents a decrease of $4,300,100 *rom the 1991 level, ^e Salaries and Expenses
appropriation represents an increase of SI .454,200 over 1981. The decrease of permanent
workyears to this activity and a decrease to environmental standards are major contributing
factors to the change of this media from the 1981 level.
"He Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation represents a decrease of S3,436,000.
Included in the net decrease is $1.3 million in criteria, standards and guidelines, $1.1
ti-11 -or, for monitoring and analysis and $1.1 for technology assessment.
The Research and Development appropriation represents a decrease of $612,000. Included
m the net decrease is $.1 million in monitoring systems and quality assurance and S.5
mi'I:on tor healtl" effects. This decrease is the result of a functional transfer for the
Tnrea vi'.e island monitoring surveillance activities and associated •*9SD3«,sibili:ies.
-• Changes from Original 1981 3udget Estimate
Changes from the budget are as *01 lows:
'in thousands of dollars)
>-ginal 1961 estimate 51 ^ .360
Congressional increases/decreases:
Travel -11
Consulting se^ces -n
General "educt^n tc Abatement. Control
and Compliance -30
Transfer to support Office of Inspector General.. -H
Reprogramninq 'or authorized workyears -5
Reprogr jnmi ng from other areas to establish
the Radiation Policy Council »387
Transfer from air to support Three Mile Island... *83
°roposed cay raise supplemental -116
Miscellaneous reprogrammings -57
v.arch changes to budget:
Travel -32
Consult'ng Services -54
Equipment Costs -44
One percent transfer -709
Funding for ?CS£ deficits -749
Current 1981 Estimate 17,188
-------
"he Congressional changes to the radiation media include a reduction of Sll.CCC to
travel costs, $6,300 tc consulting services and $80,000 as a result of a general Abatement,
Control and Conpliarce reduction.
A reprograming of 511,000 was made to the management and support media to provide
additional support for the Office of Inspector General.
V* overall reprogramning of $887,300 throughout the Agency tc support the Radiation
°cl*cy Council was made from the air media, $162,600, fron water quality, $119,300;
'-on drinking water, $23,300; frcm solid waste, $82,400; from pesticides, $70,000;
£ron noise, $13,400; from interdisciolinary, $4,800; from toxic substances, $129,000;
and management and support, $272,000.
A reprogrammi ng of $82,700 was made from various media for support of Three Mile
Island activities.
Miscellaneous reprogrammi ngs to other media resulted in a decrease in radiation
activitis of $57,000.
An overall reprogramming throughout the Agency to redistribute salary funds to
cover authorized workyears resulted in a decrease of $6,000 to this media. The proposed
suocl emeital for partial fundina of the October 1980 pav raise will increase the radiation
media by $116,200.
Ir accordance with 3MB bulletins, the March 1981 changes are as follows: travel
(-$22,500); and consulting services (-$53,300).
A one percent transfer authority decreases this media by $708,200.
Internal agency reprogranmings to fund 3C?R deficits are as follows: equ'pmct costs
'-S4',50C. and agencywide reprogrammi ngs (-$749,000).
ANALYSIS Of INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
(in thousands
of dollars)
°nor year obligations
Congressional changes
Effect of March changes
3roposed pay raise supplemental
Seorogrammings
Change in amount of carryover
$15,329
-97
1 .597
~ 116
-57
$17,133
funds available
°rog--am changes
Change in rate of obligation
-845
~1,359
~2,470
4,300
"ctal estimated obligations
(From new obligation authority)
(from orlor year funds)
17,138
(17,133)
12,338
(12.888)
R- 7
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ir.a.-VATIC; OF INCREASES ANP DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
The iter.s discussed ir. the previous section -- congressional changes, cay raise
s-jocleriental , and reprogramni ngs -- result in e net increase of $152,500 to obligations.
"he increase m budget authority in 1981 is estimated to increase obligations by
S'.JSP.COC, in ",9i2 the progran 'S expected to decrease obligations by SA,30Q.00C.
R-8
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RADIATION POLICY COUNCIL
5ROGRA." HIGHLIGHTS
Budget
Current
Increase*
Actual Estimate
Estimate Estimate
Decrease -
1980 1980
1981 1932
>9S2 vs. 1981
idol
ars in tnousanos)
Radiation Policy Council
Salaries and txpenses...
• • • « • •
$243
-S243
Abatement, Control and
Cor.pl iance
• • • • • •
389
-389
Total
• • ~ • « •
632
-632
3err.anent Positions
...
1
-1
rull-tine Eouivalency
• • • • » »
4
-4
3udget Request
The Agency is not requesting any resources for this activity in 1982.
program Description
The Radiation Policy Council is authorized to coordinate the forr.ulation and
imp!enentation of ;ederal policies relating to radiation protection. In aodition,
tie Council provides liaison with the States and Congress and serves as a foru-^
-------
1991 Explanation of Changes from Buoget cstlrate
The net increase of $531,730 results fro.^ several actions, as fellows:
- The Congress reduced agencywiae travei costs by 5850.000; a oecrease of
SI,100 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of SI,800 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Transfers froo various media totalling $942,000 were nade to support the
Radiation "olicy Council, of wnich S5-;,100 was to the Sala-ies and Expenses
aopronr-, at Ton and S396.100 was to tne Abatement, Control and Conpliance aoprooriati
- 0MB Bulletin *81-7, January 21, 1981, "ciscal Year ¦931 Travel Reductio",
reou'red aaercywide reductions to travel ; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits. The
reduction being applied to this activity is $2,300.
- ~ne Department of Housing and urban Deve'opnent-Independent Agencies
Approor i atlon Act. 1981. oermits a one percent transfer authority between
appropr". ations. This one percent authority Is being implemented by transferring
funds 'ram tne Research and Development and the Abatement, Control anc Con'cliance
appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to func PCSB
deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $308,700.
1982 Plan
In 1982, the separate functions of The Radiation Policy Council will be
assumed by ¦renoer organizations. Accordingly, tne Agency is requesting no
•-esources in 1982.
Change f'-om January Request
This request represents a decrease of $980,900 and 9 pemanent worxyears fron
tne January budget, of which $48i!.900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $492,000 is
'or Abatement, Control and Compliance. This decrease is due to assumption by memoe
agencies of the functions of the Radiation Policy Council in 1932.
R-10
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria,
Standards,
, and Guidelines
Budget
Current
Increase
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Decrease
1980
1981
1981
1982
1982 vs i'
(dol lars
ir Thousa
nds)
Appropri ati on
Environmental Standards
anc Guidelines:
Salaries and
Expenses
$2,243
S2.342
$2,301
$3,017
-$716
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
2,102
4,735
4,660
1.564
-3,096
Total
4,345
7,077
6,961
4,581
-2,380
Permanent Positions ....
•... 5 4
60
52
55
-3
~,jl1-t'ime Eouivalencv
50
73
63
67
+4
Sudget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,581 ,000 and 55 permanent workyears for 1982,
a decrease of S2,379,200 from 1981. Included 1n this total is $3,01 7,400 for Salaries
a"3 Expenses and SI,563,600 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, with an increase
3716,200 and a decrease of 53,096,000, respectively. The increases in salaries and
expenses is associated in part with an increase of 3 permanent work years over "981.
The reduction in extramural expenses is accomplished through a deferral of Clear Air
Act standards.
3rjgran Description
Environmental standards and guidelines are developed and promulgated under this
sucactivity. These standards and guidelines protect the public health and the environ-
ment by minimizing risk from radiation exposures from nuclear energy applications,
naturally occuring radioactive materials, medical and occupational radiation exposure
and nonionizing radiation.
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ANO GUIDELINES
1980 Accomplishments
1930 obligations totalled S4,344,800 which included $2,102,300 in extramural sjprort.
These 'unds were used for the development of standards and guidelines for limiting exposure
to radiation. Major accomplishments for 1980 included the determination and listing of
radionuclides as hazardous air pollutants. This action Initiates the regulatory processes
for the development of hazardous air pollution standards for radionuclides under Section
112 of the Clean Air Act. An additional 1980 accomplishment was the proposal of a prooerty
clean up standard for inactive uranium mill tailings sites.
19S1 arograro
In '981, the Agency has allocated a total of S6,960,800 and 52 permanent workyears
to this program, cf which S2,301,200 is for salaries and expenses and $4,659,600 is for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. 1981
program efforts are focused on three regulatory areas: radioactive waste disposal.
Federal Guidance, and control of airborne radionuclides under the Clean Air Act. Planned
radioactive waste activities include proposal of standards for the disposal of uranium
mill tailings from inactive sites and disposal of high level radioactive wastes. Add-
itional areas under development include a uranium mill tailings standard for active
sites, standards for ocean and land disposal of low level wastes and decommissioning
standards for nuclear facilities.
R- 11
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rederal Guidance activities *or 192"! will include trie proposal o* guidance on gene-al
occupational exposure. Actions under development include a protective action guide
'or accidental airborne release, a °AG *or exposure via food pathways, and guidance
fc general exposure to nonionizinc radiation in the FV- radio frequency. Occupation
guidance for special groups of workers is also being pursued. Clean Air Act activities
in Fv31 are focused on the establishment of regulatory priorities.
1931 Exr'anation c( Change frpn Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $415,500 <-esults from several actions, as 'ollows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, °resider.t Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of S7 million in EPA's reauest for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $14,200.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of $7,500 was
appi iec to tnis activity.
- An increase of $35,500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation,
- ^eprogramnings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer o* $223,500 from radiation technology assessment.
- A transfer of $21,700 was made within the radiation media in order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
- 0^8 Bulletin *81-7, January 24, 1931, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900
-------
Federal guidance activities for 1982 will include the completion of guidance for
general occuoatlonal exposure and the proposal of revised guidance tor radon exposure
tc jranium miners. A protective action $uide (pAGl for airborne exposure to accidental
release will be proposed as well as guidance limiting exposure to nonioninzing radiation
in tne 3roadcast range.
Chanoe from January Request
Th:s request represents a decrease of S2.203.80C and 11 permanent worxvears from the
January budget, of wtiich $342,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and SI ,861 ,S0C is for
ibatenent, Control and Compliance. This change reflects a decision to de'er develocrsent
of standards for airborne release of radionuclsdes during 1982.
-------
RADIATION
Environmental impact Assessment
Appropriation
Monitoring anc Analysis:
Salaries and Expenses..
Abatement, Control
and CcthdI i ance
Technology Assessment:
Salaries and Expenses..
Abatement, Control
ail "cnrl i ance
Tot a1:
S2ljries and Expenses.
Abatement, Control
Budget
Actual
1980
$2,703
2,215
1.442
1 ,114
4,145
Current Increase *
Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1931 1932 1932 vs 1931
(dollars in thousands)
$2,496 $3,098 $3,969
1,900 1,900 759
1 ,365
1,162
3,361
355
452
3,453
3,959
-$371
-1 ,141
-355
-452
<¦516
Grand Total
7,474
6,923
5,815
4,728
-1 ,087
°csitions
Ycn.itpnpq aid Analysis
60
67
76
62
-14
Technology Assessment
34
39
10
-10
Total
94
105
86
62
-24
r'jl!-ti^e Ecuivalencv
taring and Analysis
68
71
39
74
-15
Tic:;-ology Assessment
37
47
11
• • •
-11
>1
105
118
100
74
-25
3ucaet Reauest
The Agency requests a total of $4,728,100 and 52 permanent workyears for 1982,
a decrease of SI,087,100 from 1981. Included in this total is $3,968,800 for Salaries
and Expenses and $759,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, with an increase of
$515,900 and a decrease of $1,603,000, respectively. The increase will go to the
purchase of emergency response monitoring equipment that was deferred in 1980 and 1981.
The decrease results primarily from the transfer of responsibility for the evaluation
of the indoor radon problem out of this subactivity and the deferral of Clean Air Act
regulations development.
Program Description
Activities in this area provide the information necessary to identify and analyze
potential -adioloqical health problems having public health impact and to support
tne development of standards and guidelines. Also encompassed under this subactivity
is the review of environmental impact statements and the monitoring of environmental
radiation, as well as laboratory analysis, data analysis and technology assessments.
R-14
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M-onitorma and Analysis
This program encompasses activities related to identifying and analyzing radiation
problems 'or potential coverage by standards and guidelines, supporting technical
rev'ew of EIS's, assessing the radiological quality of the environment, and executing
E?A radiological emergency response responsibilities. It also includes environmental
monitoring, laboratory analysis of environmental samples, development of monitoring
and analytical procedures, special monitoring studies, the evaluation of data and
subseauent preparation of resorts.
Technology Assessment
Tnls program includes activities related to: (11 providing engineering assessment
o* the impact of developing technology on envirorenental radiation levels; (2) providing
sound technological bases for EIS review; (3) providing data and information for setting
technologically feasible standards and guidelines; (4) reviewing generic and programmatic
environmental impact statements; and (5) exercising EPA responsibilities in assessing
Federal facilities radiation control activities.
"ONITORING AND ANALYSIS
1980 Accomplishments
in 1930 obligations totaled $4,918,500 of which 52,215,200 was for extramural support.
Activities supported by these resources Included field studies and evaluations conducted
to orovide exposure information on a variety of airborne radionuclides sources whicn night
be regulated under the Clean Air Act. Particular attention was applied to radioactive
emission associated with ccal combustion, and resource extraction. Other activities
included completion of the radon in drinking water pilot study, operation of the Environ-
mental Radiation Ancient Monitoring System (ERAMS) and maintenance of a quick response
"acolog'cal emergency monitoring capability. EPA emergency teams were deployed -.n
"esocnse to two reactor incidents during 1980.
An additional area of emphasis in 1980 affecting this program element has been the
expansion of efforts to determine the nature and magnitude of the health risks associated
with indoor exposure to radon and its progeny.
Also included in the 1980 program was the maintenance of the National Sadium
depository along with the collection of additional sources. A limited amount of
laboratory and analytical support was provided to States with special radiological
problems.
1981 "rogram
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $4,998,400 and 76 oermanent workyears
to this orogram, of which $3,098,400 Is for salaries and expenses and $1,900,000 is
for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Support to regulatory effort continues to be a major role for this program el extent
with support to the Clean Air Act taking the lead, ^articular emphasis is being placed
upon the investigation of emissions from large scale coal combustion and resource
extraction facilities. These efforts should be completed in 1981.
Continued emphasis has been placed upon technical support to the regions and
States in the development, review and testing of radiological emergency response plans.
The Environmental Radiatlor Ambient Monitoring System has been expanded by bringing
all 55 air sampling stations into full time ooeration. The radium repository continues
tc be maintained and new sources collected. The emergency response monitoring caoability
will be maintained and improved through the purchase of new equipment. Indoor radon
investigations Initiated in 1980 will also be continued.
R- 15
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1981 Explanation o* Change from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $602,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, ^resident Carter transmitted
revisions tc the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of S? million to EPVs reauest for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to
tms activity ^ $13,700.
- The Confess reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.P. million; a decrease of
$10,000 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $46,500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental approprlatton.
- ft transfer of $11,100 was made to the Office of Inspector General In order to
provide additional resources to that Office.
- A transfer of *$779,500 was made within the Office of Radiation Programs, for
technology assessment, reflecting the creation of the Statistical Analysis Division ar.c
orovidmc the resources for increases in statistical and monitoring analyses.
0M3 9ulletin 'Si-7, January ?4, 1991, "fiscal *ear 1981. Travel Reduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to fund
personnel condensation and benefits (°CJ3) deficits. The reduction applied tc this
activity is $12,500.
The Department of Housing and 'Jrban Development-Independent Agencies Aoprooriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one percent
authority is being implemented by transferring funds f-om the Research and Development and
tne Abatement, Control 3nd Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses
arcropri at'on in order to fund 3CSB deficits; the "-eduction applied to this activity *s
$175,ICC.
•932 31an
The Agency requests a total of $4,728,100 and 52 permanent work:years for tlvs
rrcgran, jf which $3,952,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and STS9.300
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance. The major emphasis of this program element
will remain the same in 1982 with support to standards setting. Also continued will
be the operation of the Environmental Radiation Anoient Monitoring System and the
National Radium Repository. A full radiological emergency response capability will be
supported in both the Montgomery, Alabama and Las Vegas, Nevada EPA Radiation Laboratories.
In addition, technical support will be provided to the regions as they carry out their
responsibility in the review and testing of emergency response plans. It is also
anticipated that in 1982 this program element will increase the amount of special
laboratory analysis it performs in support of other E°A and State programs. This program
element will also carry the responsibility of technology assessment and EIS Review
starting m '932. Responsibility for indoor radon studies is transferred to the research
component. Hazardous Air 3ollutants - Energy.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $312,900 and 13 permanent workyears fron the
January budget, of which $277,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $35,500 is for
Abatement, Control and Compliance. This change reflects a decision to defer development
of standards for airborne release of radionuclides during 1982.
R-16
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TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
1930 Accomplishments
195C obligations of $2,555,600 included SI,113,900 in contract support. Studies
were continued in control technologies available to manage radioactive sources under
the rrovisions of the Clean Air Act. Assessments of problems associated with nonionizing
'3di»tion, and shallow land and ocean disposal of low level waste were also continued.
An asditional area of emphasis in 1980 affecting this program element has been the
expansion of efforts to determine the nature and magnitude of the health risk associated
witi incoor exposure to radon and its progeny. Also supported by this program elcnent
was the review of major environmental impact statements.
1921 aroqr3m
In 1931, the Agency has allocated a total of $1,533,300 and 10 permanent workyears
to this program, of which 5371,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,162,300 is for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
"¦>16 najor 1931 activity for this program element is the assessment of control tech-
nology needs for the development of Clean Air Act and radioactive waste standards. Clean
Air Act efforts will focus primarily on resource extraction. Activities in support of
waste standards will address low level land and ocean disposal, waste packaging, and
decrtnissioning. EIS reviews will continue as will the indoor radon investigation
initiated in 1930.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease o* $1,710,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly afte-- the '.931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease of
57 -iil lion to EpA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $8,300.
- An increase of S5.600 results from the cost of the October 19S0 pay raise and is
•needed in a proposed supplemental approoriation.
- Reorogranmirgs to realign salary and related cost to meet on-board need resulted in
a transfer of $223,500 to radiation environmental standards.
A transfer of S779.500 was made within the Office of Radiation °rograms, to tech-
nology assessment, reflecting the creation of the Statistical Analysis Division and providing
the resourcees for increases in statistaical and monitoring analyses.
CMS Bulletin ^31-7, January 24, 1981, "fiscal Year 1931 Travel Reduction", reauired
agencywide reductions to trave'; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to fund
personnel compensation and benefits (PCJS1 deficits. The reduction applied to this activity
•s S50C.
- >ie Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
3ct, 1931, oermits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
nerceit authority is being implemented by trasnfering funds from the Research and Development
and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation in order to fund ?CS8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
S 7 00,000.
R- 17
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- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is S800.
•'ag; 3Tar
Starting m 1962, work carried out by this program elenient will be support under
-wnitor'iq and analvsis. Accordinqly, the Agency requests no resources in this subactivi
1932.
Change Fro^i January Request
This request represents a decrease of $-112,600 and 10 permanent workyears from the
January budget, of which $33",000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $25,OOC is for Abatemei
Control and CoTioVance. This charge reflects a decision to defer, during 19SZ, develop^en
Df standards for airborne release of radionuclides and to transfer the remaining responsi-
bilities of this program element into the nonitoring and analyses program elenent.
R-18
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RADIATION
Radiation °rogram Implementation
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1930 1981 1981 199? 1982 vs 1981
(dollars m thousands)
ipr'OOriatiOr
;3C. Jt*3 7
-!
Sudcet Request
The Apency -eouests 3 total of $595,300 and 15 permanent work years for 1932, a
decrease o' S16.90C from 5991. The full request is within the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation ana the dec-ease in requested funds ^flect the reduction of one permanent
wor^year over tne 1931 level.
^rpgran Description
This subsetivity suocorts activities related to £3»'s regional offices including:
review. *5 routine environmental Iraoect statements (e.g., 1 < ghtwater reactors and -jrjniun
n«iq ani -nil ling); oroviding the ou&lic with technical inf ormation; providing direct
ass'stance to State and local governments with special radiation problems of a short-te<~>
-.at j-e, and :he reviewing and testing of State eiergercy response plans.
1950 Accowplishnents
In 1950, obligations totaled $591,000 with no contract support. The major emphases
for the 1980 regional program has been technical assistance to States in the area of emer-
gency response planning. EPA assists States in the development of radiological ewraency
response plans and for-nally reviews these plans along with the FEMA and other -eder3l
agencies. In 1930 -eqional programs continued to review EIS's and to carry out their
other rosconsibi1it'es but at a reduced rate to allow 'or the expanded emergency pre-
paredness program.
"931 Program
!n 1931, the Agency has allocated a total of S61 3,200 and 16 permanent work years to
this program, all of <*\ \ ch is for Salaries and Expenses. In 1931 enemas ^ s re-wins on
r>dio'ogic«i enerqency response plans. However, with no re plans conpl eted and approved,
the testing of these plans will receive greater attention, since testing of plans on a
regular basis provides the best cnance for their successful execution in time of emergency.
Other act-vities •n i981 will include the review of EIS's, assistance to the drinking
water and haz3~lous waste program, and technical assistance to States.
a-19
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1981 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of 512,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease o*
$7 million to EPA's request for salaries and expenses. The reduction applied tc this
activity is S3,800.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of S300 was
applied to this activity.
- An Increase of $9,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- ^eprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a net transfer of $3,500: from drinking water underground injection control
program ($1 ,500); solid waste hazardous waste managment regulatory strategies
'mplementation ($1,300); hazardous waste enforcement ($8,800); management and
support - regional management ($4,600); and to air quality management implementation
'S6.900); water quality waste treatment operations and maintenance (S5001; and
management and support - Administrative Management ($5,800).
- A transfer of $1,800 from hazardous waste management regulatory strategies im-
plementation was to cove*- the cost of procuring a lead brick shield and sodium-iodide
crystal for the regional measurement chamber.
- 0MB 3ulletin *31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Seduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used tc
'und personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits. The reduction applies to
this activity is $2,300.
- Agencywide -ncreases are required in order to fund the PCS8 deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $3,700.
1982 °lan
The Agency requests a total of $596,300 and 15 pemanent workyears for this program,
all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. EPA participation in the
review and testing of emergency response plans will continue to be a high priority for
E3A's regional radiation program. As in previous years, EIS review and technical assis-
tance to States will also be a significant element of regional program activities. Also
receiving prominence will be the provision of technical assistance to other tPA regional
programs such as drinking water and hazardous and solid waste.
Change from January Reouest
^Tiere is no change frnm the January budget.
R-20
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
RADIATION
Non-ionizing Radiation
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1931
(dollars in thousands)
Appropriation
Technical Information
and Liaison:
Salaries and Expenses...
Research and Development
S75
1
S76
2
S58
2
S64
2
~So
Monitorinq Systems
and Quality Assurance:
Sala-ies and Expenses...
Research and Development
128
191
175
83
92
15
-83
-68
Health Effects:
Salaries and Expenses...
Research and Development
1.875
840
1,557
1 ,433
1,496
1.353
2,056
754
~560
-599
Total :
Salaries and Expenses...
Research and Development
2.078
841
1.824
1,435
1,729
1.438
2,212
771
~433
-667
Grand Total
2.919
3.259
3,167
2,983
-134
Permanent 0os1t1ons
Technical Information
and Li ai son
Monitoring Systems
and Quality Assurance...
Health Effects
1
4
24
1
57
28
3
28
3
25
-3
Total
29
86
31
28
-3
Full-time Eauivalency
Tecnnical Information
and Liaison
Monitoring Systems
and Quality Assurance...
Health Effects
1
4
32
1
66
33
"3
33
3
30
-3
Total 37 100 36 33 -3
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
R- 21
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Budaet Request
The Agency requests a total of S2,982,400 for 1932, a decrease of $134,600 from 1981.
Included in this total is S2,211,700 for Salaries and Expenses and $770,700 for Research
and Development, with an increase of $482,100 and a decrease of $666,700, respectively.
Proqran Description
This progra-i has beer developed under the auspices of the --adiation research committee.
The disciolmj'y ccnoonents (or sub-Digrams) of the program are integrated into an ove>-al'
research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on Agency research needs in
this subject area.
Tne overall program endeavors to expand knowledge o* the health effects and health
risks associated with non-Ionizing radiation. Emphasis is on radiation freauencles
which are sources of exposure of the population. Human health risks will be assessed by
research to establish clearly the mechanisms of action of non-ionizing radiation with
biological systems, to examine the health status of selected exposed human populations,
to deve^r d?se-response and th""eshold data for biological effects in animal model systems.
TECH';'.CAL INrCRXATICN AN3 LIAISON
1980 Accomplishments
!n 198C, the Agency used a total of $75,000 for this sub-program, of which S74,900
was for Salaries and Expenses and 52CC was for extradural research activities.
In 1980, the Technical Information Program supported the preparation and publication
of the Research Outlook, the Research Highlights, technical information plans and guidance
and other general documents of interest to tRe environmental decision-making community.
It also provided 0RD with information systems necessary to effectively plan and manage
its research projects and '•esources. Specific accompl: shments in the area of radiation
included preliminary work on several significant reports that are scheduled for publication
in 1981.
The Regional Services Staff provided for effective communications between 3RD and the
regions. Spec'fical'y, they:
- Advised 3RD on all aspects of regional operations.
- Developed and Implemented the Regional Support Management Infor-nation System.
- Carried out regional liaison activities to provide technical assistance.
The Technical Information and Liaison activities helped enable QRD to communicate
its research information to EPA's regional offices and to the environmental decision-
making community. Further, they assisted in making better coordination between 0R0 and
the regions possible, allowing each to better fulfill its role and to meet the needs of
the Agency and the public more efficiently.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $50,600 to this sub-program, of wich
$58,900
-------
Regional liaison activities are continuing as in 1980. To this end, such activities
will :
- Continue the Regional Support Management information System.
- Conduct ORD/regional senior staff meetings and other liaison activities to provide
technical assistance. These will include preparing reports, conducting special staff and
policy studies, developing regional problem stateronts, and identifying research and tecin
cal assistance requirements.
- Develop and implement a process to address the research needs of State and loc3l
government in the 0R0 olanning process.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from "cross-
walking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission to the
new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission. The
details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the cross
walk of resources itself, can ae found in the Special Analyses section of this submiss*an.
The net decrease of S1T.400 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
-evisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these "-evisions -esulted in a decrease
of S7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $300.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $8,800 to other activities.
- A transfer of S500 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide additional
resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance penalties jnder
Secticn 120 of the Clean Air Act.
- 0*3 3ulletm »Sl-7, January 24, 1981, "fiscal Year 1981 Travel deduction", require
agencywiae reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 ;s being jsed tc fjnd
personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The recuctior. applied '.o this activi
is S7.800.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $65,400 for this sub-program, of wh>ch $63,700 is 'or
the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $1,700 1s for extramural purposes under the
Research and Development Aoprooriation.
This reflects an increase of $4,800, v^iich will enhance ORD's ability to develop and
disseminate technical information products.
This sub-program will continue, in 1932, to provide the same types of services as ii
1981. This includes the development and production of technical information products to
insure that research information is properly and adequately communicated to the environ-
mental decision making community. Specific products planned by the appropriate Research
Committee will be developed. Support to managing systems which track OPD's research pro-
jects and resources will be provided as will strong liaison with regional offices, of a
similar nature to that conducted in 1981.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $7,500 is for salaries and expenses. This
decrease will result in a decreased number of technical Information publications to be
prepared and disseminated.
R- 23
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MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of SI 28,500 for this sub-program, all was for
Salaries and Expenses.
- A monitoring system was developed to measure gaseous emissions that drift off-
site from the Three Mile Island reactor Incident. This system was used In the
Krypton-85 venting and is continuing to provide high quality data on airborne
emissions.
- The Public Awareness Program at Three Mile Island was established and is in
continuous operation at the Middletown, Pennsylvania office.
- Quality assurance monitoring was conducted on approximately 200 State, local,
and Independent laboratories involved 1n radiological measurements. This will allow
1ntercomparison of data from these laboratories and assurance of the precision and
accuracy of the data used for regulatory purposes.
- The off-site radiological surveillance program was continued at the Nevada
Test Site and other nuclear test sites in accordance with the EPA agreement with the
Department of Energy.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $257,800 and 3 permanent wornyears
to this subprogram, of which $175,100 for the Salaries and Expense appropriation and
$82,700 1s for extramural research activities.
- This program will continue to fulfill the obligation to provide a quality
assurance program to document and improve the precision and accuracy of radiation
monitoring for surveillance of existing regulations and development of new regula-
tions. This program has a national scope in providing expertise to 200 regional.
State, local and independent laboratories.
- The activities of the Department of Energy at the Nevada Test Site and other
nuclear sites are supported with an extensive off-site monitoring program.
- The Public Awareness Program at Three Mile Island {TMI) is supported by the
program as well as requested off-site monitoring around TMI.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's 8udget sub-
mission to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected 1n
this submission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development
program, as well as the crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found in the Special
Analyses section of this submission.
The net increase of $66,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted 1n
a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity Is $1,200.
R- 24
-------
- An increase of $2,400 results from '.he cost of the October 199C Day raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- "^programming to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $1,200 to other activities.
Transfer of S82.700 from air-hazardous pollutants/non-energy to support efforts on
Three Mile Island activities.
- An internal agencyvrde reduction of $5,550,000 to equurwnt costs is being made in
order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $16,000.
1982 plan
The Agency requests a total of $107,700 and 3 permanent workyears for this sub-program,
of which $92,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $15,400 is for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
T>iis reflects a decrease of $150,100. This decrease is the result of a functional
transfer cf TMI monitoring surveillance activities and associated responsibilities to
EPA's Office of Radiation Programs.
- The laboratory intercomparison studies will continue with approximately 200 Federal ,
State, university, and private monitoring laboratories at a reduced level of effort. This
is an essential oart of the radio-activity monitoring program with traceabllity provided
to the National Bureau of Standards.
- The off-site monitoring program of the Nevada test site and other nuclear sites will
be continued at the request o* the Department of Energy. Testing is anticipated at about
the same rate as in 1991.
Change from January Reouest
This request represents a decrease of $600 from the January budget, of which $300
is for Salaries and Expenses and $300 is for Research and Development. This decrease
will result in decrease in the radiation quality assurance program for radionuclide
-vasurement in various media.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $2,715,600 for this sub-program, of which $1,374,900
was for Salaries and Expenses and $840,700 was for extramural research activities.
Major accomplishments are summarized as follows:
- Conducted the first experiments with the newly operational circularly polarized
waveguides, built by staff engineers, to examine the possibility of non-ionizing radiation
acting as a low-level stressor.
- Completed study of the long-term neuropathology effects 1n rats exposed daily to
100 megahertz (FM radio) in utero and throughout young adulthood. Results imply that non-
ionizing radiation may Impact autonomic functions in the body.
- Completed study of the effects of dally pre-and post-natal exposure to 2450 megahertz
radiation (nicrowave oven frequency) on infant mortality In squirrel monkeys.
- Developed a mathematical model which reconciles experimental observations on the
interaction of ampl1tude-modulated (AM) non-ionizing radiation with isolated brain tissue
to produce calcium release from the brain.
R- 25
-------
- Conceived, designed, and constructed a computer-controlled twin well calorimetry
system which 1s approximately 10 times more rapid than the system previously used for
determining the non-ionizing radiation energy absorbed by an irradiated animal.
1981 Program
!n 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of S2,848,500 and 28 permanent workyears
to this suborogram, of which $1,495,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
51,353,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
The research program is directed toward providing information on: (1) dose-rate responses,
including the importance of average versus maximum dose rates; '2) relative tissue/organ
systen sensitivities; (3) exposed and susceptible populations; (4) multiple frequency
exposures; (5) intermittent versus continuous exposures, and (o) chronic or long-term
exposures. Dose-response and time-dependency data are developed through application of
varied exposure and experimental regimens.
Laboratory investigations in experimental animals focus on effects on several major
biological systems or endpoints--teratology and reproduction, immunology, behavior and
neurophysiology, and thennophysiology. The latter area of concentration deals generally
with identification of physiological responses to microwave energy, especially in thermo-
regulatory tissues. The lethality of rodents due to microwave exposure is under study.
Fetal alterations after continuous irradiation of pregnant rats in the 970 megahertz
waveguide system are under evaluation. Rats chronically exposed to 2450 megahertz at an
incident power density of 500 microwatts per square centimeter will be examined for
biochemical and behavioral changes. A fertility study will assess whether long-term exposure
to moderate levels of microwaves damages the testicular tissue of mice. Clinically ill
mice will be exposed to microwaves at several ambient temperatures to determine the
interaction of microwaves and temperature on the course of Infection.
Epidemiological studies undertaken last year are continuing. A study is underway
wnich will evaluate the mortality and morbidity experience of male scientists who
developed U.S. radar capabilities during World War II. This population which disbanded
35 years ago, presents a unique opportunity to assess the chronic effects of microwave
exposure on hunans. Another study ongoing 1n 1981 will identify, characterize, and compare
populations potentially amenable to epidemiological follow-up.
Another area of research is aimed at enhancing our understanding of (1) how non-ionizing
radiation, in general and at specific frequencies, interacts bi oohysical ly with living
systens, and (2) the relationship between frequency and energy deposition in tissues,
especially those most sensitive to insult. It is possible that externally imposed electro-
magnetic energy could alter coded electrical signals or conducting materials requiring
brain tissue to respond by performing more work and expending its store of chemical energy.
To investigate this hypothesis, procedures to indicate the amount of energy needed in
various parts of the brain will be used as a primary means to identify sites of microwave-
altered metabolic activity in the brain.
Activities in the area of dosimetry support biological effects research by determining
the relation between incident electromagentic exoosure conditions and the distribution of
electric and magnetic fields or asorbed energy in the body. In addition, effort is
devoted to improving dosimetric techniques for determining non-ionizing radiation energy
adsorption and assuring that state-of-the-art exposure systems provide reliable, precise
dosi-metric data and better field uniformity. Projects in 1981 are focused on testing and
evaluating recently developed circularly polarized waveguides at 970 megahertz and at
918/2450 megahertz a dual frequency system. Research is also directed toward developing
or improving instruments, calibration systems, and laboratory exposure systems which are
required both to characterize or generate electromagnetic fields or waves and to measure
physiological responses of test animals.
R-26
-------
Activities are aimed at enhancing coordination of monitoring efforts and health effects
research through establishment of collaborative projects vrith the Office of Radiation
Programs and the Regions in order to further the Agency goal of determining the extent of
the general population's exposure to non-ionizing radiation. The data obtained will permit
calculation of radio frequency field intensities at ground level where Deoole are at
greatest risk of exposure. An allied project is focused on improving models for estimating
levels of population exposure. Current modeling techniques are rudimentary, based only on
effective irradiated power and distance of the exposed object from the radiating source.
The effort will develop computer software necessary to incorporate into population exposure
nodel s more extended parameters such as shielding and reflective characteristics of ccnnon
building materials.
1981 Explanation of Change from 3udqet Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from "cross-
walking" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget submission to the
new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission. The
details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the cross-
walk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this submission.
The net decrease of $141,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $6,600.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $1,500 was
applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease of
$6,000 was aoplied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $12,214,000 to the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation; a decrease of $80,000 was aoplied to this activity.
- An increase of $15,000 results from the cost of the October 1980 Day raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammi ngs tc realign salary and related costs to meet on board needs resulted
in at transfer of $900 from other activities.
- A transfer of $33,000 was made to Abatement and Control radiation in order to support
the Radiation Policy Council.
- Transfer of $300 to water quality health effects/non-energy in order to realign
contract funds.
- 0M8 Bulletin *81-7, January 24,1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to fund
personnel compensation and benefits (pCSB) deficits. The reduction applied to this ac-
tivity is $1,500.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to eauipment costs is being made in
order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $28,600.
R- 27
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19S2 Plan
The Agency reouests a total of $2,309,300 and 25 permanent workyears for this
sub-progran, of which $2,055,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$753,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of 539,300 over the 1981 level.
Research will continue in the broad areas of animal toxicology, mechanisms, and epidem-
iology along with supportive research on dosimetry-energy aosorption and exoosure system
instrumentation. Studies in animals will continue to de'ine teratologic, reproductive,
immunologic, hematopoietic, behavioral, and neurophysiology effects as critical endpoints.
Chronic, lifetime studies at low power levels will receive greater consideration. Thermo-
physiological responses will be addressed in studies on the effects of microwave-related
heat stress, focusing on circulatory and hormonal processes, and on how effects vary by
organ and tissue type in relation to energy deposition and rising temperature. A lifetime
exposure study of late effects of microwave radiation is projected using a rodent species.
Behavioral and clinical effects will be examined in rodents experiencing protracted, low-
level exposures of less than 500 microwatts per square centimeter. Exoosure to 970 mega-
hertz will be similarly applied in immunology, teratology, and physiology studies. The
equivalence of various exposure systems will be evaluated in terms of biological effects,
energy depositions, and electric anc magnetic fields. Studies to determine the mechanisms
which "iay explain certain known non-ionizing radiation bioeffects such as blood-brain
barrier per-neabi 11 ty, or central nervous system-drug interactions will continue. Model
biological systems will be used to define and predict the action of non-ionizing radiation
frequencies at the molecular level.
In collaboration with the Office of Radiation Programs, emphasis will continue on
improving assessments and models of non-ionizing radiation exposure in the general
population to determine the frequencies and modulations in the environment crfiich are of
the greatest nublic health concern and of interest for future Federal orotective guidelines.
Nea^-field properties and far-field vertical patterns for various types of antennas will
be measured and evaluated.
Chanae from Januarv Reauest
This reauest represents a decrease of $163,300 and 3 permanent workyears from the
Janauary budget, of wtiich $109,800 is for Salaries and $54,000 is for Research and
Development. This decrease will result in the elimination of a pilot epidemiology study
on NIR health effects and effects with heat on behavior.
R-?8
-------
Noise
SECTION TAB
-------
NOISE
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs 1981 Page
{aollars in thousands)
Appropriation
Salaries ana Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Total
Permanent Woricyears
Full-time Ecuivalencv
Outlays
Authorization Levels
•Authorization pending.
P30GRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Environmental Noise
Strategies and Standards:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Noise Program Strategies
Implementation:
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Total :
Salaries and Expenses...
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Total, Abatement and
Control Program
Noise Enforcement:
Salaries and Expenses..,
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Total, Enforcement
Program
$4,749
Si,575
8,352
$4,385
8,160
SI,906
365
-52,979
12,411
12,927
13,045
2,271
-10,774
97
99
90
29
-61
152
1 53
1 34
43
-91
11,829
11,000
*
12,505
12,060
-445
1,945
1 ,900
1,982
1,906
-76
3,902
4,353
4,236
365
-3,371
1,926
1,959
2,010
• • •
-2,010
3,514
3,774
3,711
...
-2,711
3,871
3,859
3,992
1.906
-2,086
7,416
8,127
7,947
365
-7,582
11,287
11,986
11,939
2,271
-9,668
878
716
893
-893
246
225
213
-213
1,124
941
1,106
-1,106
N-13
N-20
N-l
-------
Actual
1980
Budget
Est imate
1981
Current
Estimate
1931
Estimate
1982
Increase ~
Decrease -
1932 vs 1981
Paqe
(do! lars
in thousands)
Permanent Positions
Environmental Noise
Strategies and Standards..
Noise Program Strategies
implewntation
37
38
37
43
25
44
29
.44
N-7
3
Total , Abatement and
Control Program
75
80
69
29
-40
Noise Enforcement, Total
Enforcement
22
:9
A »
c *.
...
-21
N-20
' J i • -11 cOu < *3 ' v
tnvironrnentdi Noise
Strategies and Standards..
Noise P"-ogran Strategies
Implementation
56
64
52
66
<2
63
43
-i
-63
- 7
ft-1 3
Total , Aoatenent ana
Control Program
120
118
105
43
-62
Noise Enforcement, Total
Enforcement Program
32
35
29
-29
N-20
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The 1982 noise control budget represents a major policy change with respect to the
Federal effort to reduce noise exposure. Under this budget request the £PA noise control
program will Be phased out by the end of the 1982. This decision results from a letemnna-
tion tnat the benefits of noise control are highly localized and that the function of
noise control can be adequately carried out at the State and local level without the pre-
sence of a Federal program.
States and localities have shown a significant increase in their ability and desire
to develop their own noise control programs. During the last decade, over 1000 munucipall-
ties and 27 States have enacted noise control legislation. Of these, 13 States and over
160 locai communities hae ongoing noise control programs with active enforcement. This
growth (77J in the last four years) reveals a demonstrated ability for local communities
to address noise control problems within their jurisdiction.
The major components of EPA's existing noise control effort are promulgation and
enforcement of Federal noise regulations, the provision of financial and technical
assistance to State and local noise programs, and the conduct of noise health effects
research.
In Doth 1981 and 1982, activities are being structured to achieve a prompt but orderly
phase out of current program activities. This will be done in such a way so as to transfer
to the State and local program benefits of the knowledge and experience EPA has gained.
This orderly phase-out of present activities is essential if we are to facilitate an
effective assumption of noise control responsibilities by State and local noise programs.
N-2
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S'jrgose of Abatement Control ant! Compliance Procrar
The Salaries and Expenses and Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations include
noise control strategies and programs designed to protect the public health and welfare
from the adverse effects of noise. These program objectives are pursued through four major
program thrusts, first, emission standards and/or labeling regulations are promulgated on
selected products; second, State and local noise control efforts are strengthened through
:ne provision of technical assistance and limited financial assistance through cooperative
agreements; third, Federal activities relating to noise research and abatement and control
are coordinated; and fourth, investigations on noise effects and abatement and control
technology are conducted.
Noise control product regulation includes the identification of major sources of
noise and the subsequent development of emission regulations for newly manufactured products.
Tnese standards are intended to protect the public nealtn and welfare through the application
of tie best available noise control technology, tamno into account the cost of compliance.
Regulations requiring the labeling of newly manufactured consumer products are autnorized
for products wnlch emit noise capable of adversely affecting the public health and
welfare. Labeling is also authorized for products which are sold on the basis of their
effectiveness ir reducing noise.
Technical assistance as well as United financial assistance 1s provided tc State
and local governments for the development and implementation of noise control programs,
with special emphasis on 1n-use enforcement programs for noise sources.
Technical assistance is provided In the form of direct guidance to State and local
agencies on how to carry out envi-onmental assessment In order to define noise problems
and to other Federal Agencies whose programs and activities have noise control implications.
SOWAR* OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1981 Noise Program 13,045
Salaries and Expenses -2,978
This decrease reflects the orderly phase-
out of the noise control regulatory activi-
ties in ig82. Oue to the localzed nature
of noise problem and the maturing local
programs to deal with this problem, the
program is phasing down 1n 1982.
Abatement, Control and Compliance -7,796
This reduction reflects the elimination of
the program with the completion of all
remaining health effects research studies
and technological demonstrations in 1982.
1982 Noise Proqram
2,271
N-3
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SUMMARY Of BUDGET ESTIMATES
1. Summary of Budget Request
An appropriation of $2,271,400 "S requested for 1982. This request, by
appropriation account, is as follows:
Salaries and Expenses 1,906,000
Abatement, Control and
Compliance 365,400
This request reflects a $10,773,600 decrease. An orderly phase-out of the noise control
regulatory activities and the completion of all remaining health effects research studies
ana the technological demonstrations is to be completed oy the end of 1982.
2. Changes from Original 1981 Budoel Estimate
Changes from the budget are as follows:
(in thousands of dollars)
Original 1981 Estimate 12,927
Congressional decreases:
General reduction to Abatement, Control
and Comp'iance -159
Consultant services -73
Senior Executive bonuses -62
Travel -9
^residential reduction of$7M (H.Ooc 96-29i).. -27
Reprogramming for salary and related costs... -43
Miscellaneous reprogranming -59
Proposed pay raise supplemental -70
March changes to budget:
Travel -24
Fundinq for PCS8 deficits *503
Miscellaneous Reprogramming +29
Current 1981 estimate 13,045
This represents an Increase of $117,900 from the 1981 level. The net increase is comprised
of many changes:
The S7 million Presidential reduction for Salaries and Expenses resulted in a $27,300
decrease to the noise media. A $350,000 agencywide travel decrease resulted in a $7,800
reduction. The $3.8 million reduction for consultant services decrease this media by
$73,300. The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement, Control
ana Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $158,900; reduced Senior Executive bonuses by
S750.000, a decrease of $62,200 applied to this media.
N-4
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i suop'ie-e^tal appropriation is included to fund cost of the October 1980 pay raise,
a S70.300 increase for the noise raedia. deprogramming* Included salary and related costs,
supportive resources for Radiation Policy Council and Administrative Law Judges, resulting
ir. decrease 5*2,600, $10,500 and $18,400 respectively. Other miscellaneous reprogrammings
reauced the noise media by $59,300.
Ir, accordance witn 0MB bulletins, the March 1981 changes reduced travel in the noise
media by $23,900. internal agency reprogrammings were as follows: equipment costs
(-$14,700); contractual services (-$30,500); agencywide increases (+$547,800 and miscel-
laneous reprogrammings (*$29,300).
analvs:s n? INCREASE and decrease to obligations
?ri0r year obligations
Effect of Congressional changes..
Effect of pay raise supplemental.
Changes in amount of carryover
funds available
Program change,
Effect of reorogranmngs
Change 1n rate of odIigations....
Total estimated obligations
(From new obligation authority)
(From prior year funds)
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
(in thousands of dollars)
$12,41! $13,045
-291
+70
-69
-634 -10,774
+430
+ 140
13,045 2,271
(13,045) (2,271)
(...) (...)
EXPLANATION OF INCREASE AND DECREASE TO OBLIGATIONS
The changes discussed in the previous section -- congressional, pay raise supplemental,
and reprogrammings -- are expected to result In a new increase of $117,900.
There are no carryover funds to be obligated as the results of a $69,000 decrease
from the 1981 level.
A change in the rate of obligation is expected, thereby decreasing obligations by
$140,000.
N-5
-------
noise:
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 158i 1532 1982 vs 198!
Program Levels
Review production
verification reports 700 1 ,244 622 ... -622
Monitor production
verification tests 6 12 5 ... -5
Conduct Selective
Enforcement Audit Tests 11 37 7 ... -7
Inspect Manufacturers'
recorcs/faci 1 i ties 10 39 15 ... -15
Develop State/local
enforcement guidance
packages 2 3 1 ... -1
Inspect Manufacturers'
test capability 8 19 6 ... -6
Review labeling
verification reports 15 210 100 ... -100
Monitor labeling veri-
fication tests 3 10 5 ... -5
Monitor labeling
compliance audits 0 6 3 ... -3
N-6
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
NOISE
Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards
Appropriation
hoYse" Standards Development
Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1930 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs 1981
(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expenses
$1,114
$1,233
$1,032
$955
-$77
Abatement and Control
and Compliance
1,822
2,382
2,201
...
-2,201
Noise Control Technology
Assessment and Criteria
Development:
Salaries and Expenses
331
567
950
951
*1
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
2,080
1,971
2,035
365
-1,670
Tots!;
Salaries and Expenses
1,945
1,900
1,982
1,906
-76
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
3,902
4,353
4,236
365
-3,871
Grand Total.....
5,847
5,253
6,218
2,271
-3,947
Permanent Positions
Noise Standards Development.
19
22
14
14
• • •
Noise Control Technology
Assessment and Criteria
Development
18
15
11
15
»4
Total
37
37
25
29
*4
Ful 1 -time Equivalency
Noise Standards Development.
28
24
20
20
* • *
Noise Control Technology
Assessment and Criteria
Oevel opment
28
28
22
23
*1
Total.
56
52
42
43
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,271,400 and 29 permanent workyears for 1982, a
decrease of S3,947,000 from 1981. Included in this total is SI,906,000 for Salaries and
Expenses and $365,400 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, with decreases of $75,000
and 53,371,600 respectively. These reductions are a result of the orderly phase-out of
the noise control program in 1982. The increase in positions reflects that in 1932 all
phase-down activities for the noise program will be supported by this subactivity.
N-7
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°rooran Description
This program focuses on the developrent and promulgation of emission and labeling
regulations that will reduce harmful noise emissions from new products. These
regulations are developed through the gathering and analysis of data on noise and
its health effects to determine exposure and levels of noise reduction required for
health and welfare protection and for specific regulatory actions. Evaluations of
private and public sector technology development are performed to determine best
available technology, and assessments of economic, environmental and health data are
nade tc ascertain the costs and benefits of regulation. This program also includes
conduct of a noise health and welfare effects investigation program.
Noise Standards Development
The objective of noise product regulation 1s to effectively regulate products
wtiich are major contributors to environmental noise exposure. Such regulation would
contribute to the achievement of overall environmental noise control goals of reducing
environmental levels below Idn 75 dB as soon as possible and ultimately below Ldn 65 dB.
Under Sections 6 and 8 of the Noise Control Act, Environmental Protection
Agency aeveloss and oromulgates regulations tc control noise fron products which
>re major rrps? sources through the use of noise emission limitations ar.i'or no'se
labeling requirements for newly manufactured products. The analysis leading to and
supporting these regulations includes the preliminary investigation of potential
products for regulation, economic and technological feasioility and the evaluation of
health, wlfari>, ;n<< other benefits derived from specific product •¦•gu'st'on. Othe1"
activities include the preparation of necessary background and supoorting material,
such as ElS's and economic assessments, for the promulgation of standards.
Noise Control Technology Assessment and Criteria Development
The objective of this activity is to provide support to EDA for noise product
regulation and State and local control efforts through investigations 2nd docj.men-
tation of noise health effects and availability of noise control technology. This
also includes overall strategy development for national noise control efforts.
Specific activities include the development of health and welfare criteria 'or
the assessment of general exposure to noise; the assessment of the environmental,
economic, social and health impacts of noise abatement options; and the assessment
of advanced and/or future noise control technology for the development and evaluation
of noise abatement options, including coordination and evaluation of noise research
and control conducted by other Federal agencies. Other activities encompass the
development of an overall noise control strategy and subsequent substrategies, and
the continuation of the noise health effects program.
NOISE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1980 Accomplishments
1980 resources included $1,821,800 in contract support. These funds were used
for the development of noise emission and labeling regulations. A major accomplishment
for 1980 was the promulgation of the court-ordered Interstate Rail Carrier Revision
(four source standards). In addition, developmental work was completed wnich could
lead to the promulgation of emission regulations in 1981 for buses and motorcycles.
Work was continued on the Low Noise Emission products regulation and strategy
studies for product labeling. Also, five noise source studies begun in orevious
years «re completed.
N-8
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19S1 °rocran
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of 53,233,800 and 14 permanent work-
years this program, of which $1,031,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,202,200
1s extranural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The 1991 program provides for those activities that are necessary to initiate
the orderly phase out of the noise reglatory program. These activities include the
compiling an completing of current regulatory information for appropriate transfer
to States a local ities.
19S1 Explanation o-~ Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $380,300 results fron several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294): these revisions resulted
in a decrease of $/ million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is io.-VGC.
- The Conoress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 mil',-,on; a decrease
of $23,100 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 sillier to the Abatement, Control
and compliance appropriation; a decrease of $41,900 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of 13,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a tansfer of $266,100 to noise control technolcgy assessment and criteria
development ($161,300); noise strategies implementation ($54,700); and noise rederal
agency coordination f$50,000).
- A transfer of $5,300 was made to noise standards developoemt for funds.
- A transfer of $40,000 was made to noise control technology assessment and
criteria development ($5,000); noise strategies implementation {S30,000); and noise
federal agency coordination ($5,000) for printing costs.
- A transfer of $124,500 to noise control technology assessment and criteria
development ($119,500); and to noise strategies implementation ($5,000), reflecting
a decrease in interagency agreements, a shifts form grants to contracts, and realign-
ment of contract funds within accounts.
- A transfer of $18,400 was made to the radiation media ir, order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
- A transfer of $10,500 was made to the administrative Law Judges to provide
additional resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance
penalties under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1, 795,900 is being
used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC4B) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity 1s $7,400.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PC8B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$25,000.
N-9
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- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
percent authority Is being implemented by transferring funds from the Research and
Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation in order to fund °Cjb deficits; the reduction applied to
this activity is SI3,100.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the pCSB deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is 5209,300.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $954,300 and K permanent workyears for this
program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. No resources
are requested for the Abatement, Control and Compliance approriation.
During 1982, the phase out of all regulatory activities will be competed. This
Includes taking all the necessary legal steps for termination of EPA's noise regulatory
program as well as the transfer of information necessary for the States and localities
to initiate regulatory programs where they deem appropriate.
Change frgn January Request
This request represents a decrease of SI,440,000 from the January budget, all of
which is from Abatenent, Control ami Compliance. This reduction reflects the
decision to discontinue tne no'se o^ogram at *he end of 1982.
NOISE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT
1980 Accomplishments
1980 resources included approximately $2,090,400 in contract support. These
funds were used for development of Information on health and welfare effects oc noise
(both auditory and non-auditory), technology demonstrations, and development of noise
abatement substrategies.
A major accanpl ishment in 1980 included a report on the University of Miami
primate study wtiich related noise to a 30 percent increase in blood pressure. Other
health effects activities included a report on the longitudinal study on the effects
of noise on children's hearing. After four years of longitudinally tracking the
hearing thresholds of children, the preliminary findings reveal a trend of lower
thresholds at auditory frequencies associated with exposure to sources such as farm
machinery and power tools. Seven research reports and studies designed to improve
the understand!ng of the effects of noise were completed. In addition, a five year
health effects research plan as well as a detailed cardlovascular research plan were
completed. Also, an updated report on Federal research in noise effects was completed
covering research program of approximately 20 agencies over the past three years.
During 1980, work was initiated on the quiet house program (a project designed
to demonstrate the synergism between energy conservation and noise reduction in
residential buildings), and work continued on the quiet heavy trucks, quiet engines,
and quiet tires technology demonstrations Including initiation of a tire/surface
interaction investigation. Technology assessment began on truck cooling systems.
A significant accomplishment in the quiet truck program was the quieting of two
heavy trucks to about 72 dBA.
Five joint technology demonstrations with othe Federal agencies were In process.
These Included: quiet propeller (NASA), highway site construction (DOT), shipyard
machinery (NAVY), electric generating plant (TVA), and general construction site
projects (ARMY). The general construction site demonstration was completed.
The construction site substrategy was In process.
N-10
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1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $2,984,600 and 11 permanent work-
years to this program, of wnich $949,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,034,800
is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control Compliance appropriation.
During 1981, on-going health effects research studies which can be completed
before the end of 1982 are to be continued. The results of these studies are to
be made available not only to the scientific contnunlty, but also to other Federal,
State, and local governments for incorporation into their noise control efforts.
All technology research projects are also being brought to completion. Reports
and/or summary information are to be oreoared for transfer ana use by States ana
localities. The results of interagency demonstrations to determine technicjues and
technologies for abating noise are also to be packaged for transfer to all interested
parties, including other Federal and State agencies.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $346,900 results from several actions, as 'ol^ows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget [House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to E^A's request for Salaries and
Exoenses. The reduction aopHed to this activity is $4,300.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of S7.5 million to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $55,200 was
applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,00; a decreases of $5,800
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $14,900 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay
raise and is included 1n a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- ^eprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board
needs resulted in a transfer of $161,300 from noise stanaards development.
- A transfer of $9,200 was made to noise strategies implementation for
travel funds.
- A transfer of $5,000 was maae from noise standards development for
printing costs.
- A transfer of $119,500 from noise standards development reflecting a
decrease in interagency agreements, shifts from grants to contracts, and
realignment of contract funds within accounts.
- A transfer of $295,100 was made from noise strategies implementation to
reflect FTE currently on-board.
- A transfer of $294,400 was made to noise regional program implementation
to carry out the Implementation of the Quiet Coimuni ties Act.
N-l 1
-------
- OMB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
ream red agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,000 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity 1s $400.
- Agencywide increases are reouired in oroer to fund the PC4B deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $120,400.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of SI,316,600 and 15 permanent woricyears for this
c-oaran, of which $951,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses aaorooriatior and $365,400
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The focus of 1982 activities will be to complete all remaining health effects
research studies and technology demonstrations. This information will be transferred,
as appropriate, for use by other interested parties. Other activities will involve
the wrap-up of any remaining noise control projects necessary to achieve complete
phase out of the Noise Control Program by the end of 1332.
Change from January Request
This request represents ; decrease of $2,119,600 and 6 permanent wo years from
the January budget, of which $213,500 is *or Salaries and Exoenses and $1 ,906,100 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. These reductions reflect the decision to
discontinue the noise program by the end of 1992.
N-12
-------
NOISE
Noise Program Strategies Implementation
Budget Current Increase •»
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1930 1981 1931 1932 1932 vs i981
idol lars in thousands)
Appropriations
Noise Control Implementation
and Evaluation:
Salaries and Expenses $992 $1 ,032 $861 ... -$861
Abatenent, Control and
Compliance 3,283 3,321 3,289 ... -3,289
'ederal Agency Coordination:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Noise Regional Program
Implementation:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Total :
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement. Control and
Ccripl • aoce
Srand Total
Permanent Positions
Noise Control Implementation
and Evaluation
Federal Agency Coordination..
Noise Regional 3rogram
Implementation
Total
rull-time Equivalency
Nosse Control Implementation
and Evaluation
federal Agency Coordination..
Noise Regional Program
Implementation
Total 64 66 63 ... -63
Budget Reouest
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the Noise Control program in 1982, no
resources are requested for 1982.
332
289
338
-¦>33
202
400
382
-332
602
638
811
-811
29
53
40
-40
1,926
1,959
2,010
-2,010
3,514
3,774
3,711
-3,711
5,440
5,733
5,721
-5,721
18
22
22
-22
7
8
8
-3
13
13
14
-14
38
43
44
-44
35
37
2?
-27
8
8
11
-n
21
21
25
-25
N-13
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Prooran Description
This program provides assistance to States and localities in the development and
implementation of noise control programs. Effective State and local noise control
programs are essential if the Nation is to reduce noise to levels commensurate with the
protection of public health and welfare. In recognition of this need, the Noise Control
Act, as amended by the Quiet Communities Act, calls for EPA to assist State and local
governments in the development of noise control programs. The objective of EPA's program
is to substantially increase the nunter of communities having effective noise control
programs with soecial emphasis on lessening the impact of noise from motor vehicles
(motorcycles, trucks, autos). Assistance 1s also provided in the areas of stationary
source control (property line standards), construction site noise control, noise abate-
ment planning (zoning, land use planning, airport planning), and public education.
This program also Includes the review of the implementation of regulatory require-
ments for which the Federal Government has primary responsibility (i.e. the control of
noise emissions at Federal facilities and review of EIS's for noise implications, and
the overall coordination of all Federal orograms for noise abatement and control). The
objective of this program is to bring the major noise authorities of other Federal
agencies to bear on the no~.se problem in a total national effort. Included are such
agencies as the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, the
Urban Mass Transit Administration, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and
the Department of Defense.
Noise Control implementation and Evaluation
Under the Noise Control Act, as amended by the Quiet Communities Act of 1978, the
Environmental Protection Agency delivers assistance to States and localities in order to
encourage the development of effective noise control. Effective State and local programs
are needed to complement EPA regulations for major sources of noise. This will include
State and local enforcement of in-use controls which supplement EPA's manufacturing
controls, including Federal antitamoering and recall provisions.
This program orovides funding for limited financial assistance through coooerative
agreements to States and localities and the design and administration of assistance
programs for State and local use. Special emphasis is placed on helping States initiate
programs to assist local communities start noise control programs and to strengthen
existing local programs. Other EPA assistance includes the Each Community Helos Other
(ECHO) program (use of local noise control experts to help other contnunities), develop-
ment of State and local program "tools", e.g., model laws and codes, administration of
the noise control demonstration and assistance program, and Technical Assistance Centers
located at ten universities.
Federal Agency Coordination
The activities of this program are directed toward assuring that Federal Government
responsibilities for noise control are met. Such activities include assisting other
Federal agencies to consider and include, where appropriate, noise abatement and control
practices in their programs and comply with Federal, State, interstate, and local reouire-
ments; coordinating noise control programs carried out by Federal agencies; monitoring
the progress of other Federal facilities' noise abatement activities; and reviewing
Federal environmental impact statements insofar as their noise impacts are concerned.
Particular attention is given to carrying out the President's Urban Noise Initiative.
Noise Regional Implementation
The regional offices occupy a key role in the development of effective State and
local programs.
N-U
-------
Soeciical ly, regional offices provide the focal point for interaction with State
and local governments, and the development of State and local government capabilities to
'nplement ncise abatement activities, As such, they provide technical-financial support
to States and localities and oversee the operation of the ten University-based Technical
Assistance Centers.
NOISE CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
1930 Accomplishments
1980 resoj-ces included 53,233,200 in extramural support. These funds were used
for the development and delivery of both technical and financial assistance (cooperative
agreements) to State and localities and for demonstration projects with other Federal
agencies.
During 1980, EPA continued to deliver technical assistance to States and localities
in developing noise control programs. Delivery mechanisms included the ECHO program {a
volunteer program where local noise control experts assist other communities one or two
days a month with EPA paying out-of-pocket expenses); LISTEN (a computer program service
which j-ocesses attitudinal/physical survey data for States and localities); State assign-
ees 'tsnoorarv government snoloyees serving in State governments to assist in the develop-
ment ncise control programs); Senior Environmental Employee Program; National ECHO
(supplementing state efforts); and community noise counselors program. Other activities
included the continuation of the Kansas City, Missouri, Quiet Communities Program (QCP),
a research experiment designed to develop and demonstrate the best available techniques
for commun'ty noise control.
The financial assistance program to States and localities was continued with the
award of 55 cooperative agreements, including State start-up, State ECHO, local start-ups
and problem identification, urban demonstrations as addressed in the President's Urban
Noise Initiatives Program, surface transportation noise control demonstrations, and
support for the ten Regional Noise Technical Assistance Centers. These Technical Assist-
ance Centers provided 56 training programs to State and local officials and provided 101
technical assistance actions to communities to increase the growth and effectiveness of
the State and local programs.
A major accomplishment during 1980 was the doubling of State noise capabilities
with a corresponding increase in the number of active local noise programs.
In addition, the airport technical assistance activities were continued. The Phila-
delphia Airport Study, a mandate of the Quiet Communities Act of 1978, was completed and
forwarded to Congress. The monitoring phase of the National Noise Assessment, a require-
ment of the Quiet Communities Act of 1978, was initiated.
Also during 1980, two major non-regulatory initiatives in urban noise control were
established. These included the Buy Quiet program *rfiich establishes a national public
sector market for quiet products through cooperative arrangements between State and
local government procurement officials and industry, and the soundproofing/weatheriration
program which combines soundproofing and weatherization activities as a cost effective
measure. General public education programs were developed and the State and local
grantees were assisted in developing a public education capacity.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of 54,149,800 and 22 permanent workyears
to this program, of which 5861,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and 53,288,800 is for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control Compliance appropriation.
The 1981 program provides for those activities that are necessary for the orderly
phase out of State and local assistance programs. Financial support programs to States
and Technical Assistance Centers are to be phased out 1n 1981, with all cooperative
agreement awards being made by the end of the fiscal year. Also 1n 1991, most of the
development of technical materials (including model ordinances and training information)
are to be completed and the information distributed to States and localities.
N-15
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Demonstrations underway to test "oise control techniques are being brouqht to a
close and reports prepared 'or dissemination, as available, throughout the phase down
period.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budoet Estimate
The net decrease of S203.300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmit-
ted revisions to the budget (House Document 95-2941; these revisions resulted '«
a decrease of S7 million to EDA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity 1s $6,900.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 nillion to the Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $55,200 was applied to this
activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease o: was ap^'ied to t^is dct*<»ity.
- An increase of $12,700 results from the cost of the Octooer 1930 pay ^aise and
is included 1n a proposed supplemental appropriation.
°.eprogrj-nings to realior sa*j*"y and """'ated costs tc ""est on-boa^ needs results
in a transfer of $54,700 from noise standards development.
- A transfer of $2',600 was made from ncise standards development ($5,300); noise
control technology ($9,200) and noise federal agency coordination ($7,100) for
travel funds.
- A transfer of $30,000 was .made from noise standards development for printing
costs.
- A transfer of $23,000 from noise standards development ($5,000) and no*se federal
agency coordination 'SIS,000) reflecting a decrease in interagency agreements,
shifts from grants to contracts, and realignment of cont-act funds within account.
A transfer of $295,100 to noise control technology to reflect PTE currently
on-board.
- 0MB Bulletin *31-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", requirec
agencywide reductions to travel ; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900 is being used
to *und personnel compensation and benefits (PC8B) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity is $4,700.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the ?CS8 deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is $56,500.
1982 Plan
No res:« :es are requested in 1982. All remaining aspects of phase out will be
accomplished with resources in the Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards sub-
activity.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $3,909,600 and 17 permanent workyears from
the January budget, of which $853,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,056,100 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. These reductions reflects the decision to
discontinue the noise program by the end of 1982. All resources for the orderly phase
out are included in the Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards subactivity.
N- 1 6
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FEDERAL AGENCY COORDINATION
1930 AccomplIshments
1980 resources included $202,000 in contract support. These funds were used to
support interagency agreements with other Federal agencies. The purpose of this
activity is to carry out noise control demonstrations and test techniques and
incorporate the results of these demonstrations into the appropriate program of
Federal agencies, including EPA. EPA funds are matched by contributions from other
participating agencies. During 198C, this type of activity included the following
demonstrations: otf "-oad vehicles, highway noise mitigation, transit mall planning
and design (phase 1 and II), vehicle noise diagnostic inspection methods, bus retrofit,
and hearing conservation (model hearing conservation program). Reports were issued in
1980 on off-road vehicles, transit mall planning and design, bus retrofit, and vehicle
noise diagnostic inspection methods.
EpA reviewed and commented on a number of important FAA proposed regulations and
Advisory Circulars. A major accomplishment 1n the aviation area in 1980 was the
completion of a report on aviation noise which outlined a strategy that could be
implemented over the next several years.
19E1 3rogran
!n 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of S720.400 and 8 permanent workyears
to this program, of which $338,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $382,000 is for
extradural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These resources are to be used to wind down or complete projects necessary to
attain an orderly phase out of Federal coordination efforts. Most ongoing technology
demonstrations are to be completed. The results of these demonstrations are to be
transferred, as appropriate, to all interested parties including other Federal and
State agencies. Aviation studies underway are also to be completed for dissemination
to States and localities.
1961 Explanation of Change for Buaoet Estimate
The net increase of $31,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carte-
transmitted -"visions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity is $1,900.
- An increase of $5,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- P.eprograTOiings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $50,100 from noise standards development.
- A transfer of $7,100 was made to noise strategies implementation for travel
funds.
- A transfer of $5,000 was made fran noise standards development for printing
costs.
- A transfer of $18,000 to noise strategies Implementation reflecting a decrease
in interagency agreements, shifts from grants to contracts, and realignment of
contract funds within accounts.
N-l 7
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- WB Bu^etin 481-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel, the total reduction of SI,795,900
is being used to func personnel compensation ant! benefits (PCSB) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activity is $3,200.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to *und the PCSB deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is SI,IOC.
1982 Plan
Nc resources a-e reauested in 19a2. All rema > * i iq aspects phase out will be
accompl ished with resources in the Environmental Noise Stateaies and Standards sub-
activity.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $646,000 and 6 permanent workyears from the
January budget, of >rfi1ch S351 ,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $294,300 is for
Abatement, Control and Compliance. These decreased reflect the decision to discontinue
the noise program by the eni of '932. resources 'or the orderly phisesut ar; included
the Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards subactivlty.
NOISE REGIONAL PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1980 Accomplishments
In 1930, $28,700 was for extramural purposes. Regional accomplishments in 1980
included expanded responsibilities for the management of the cooperative agreement pro-
gran. This also Included detailed review, award and participation and fol low-up on
cooperative agreements with State and local agencies. The Regions also continued to
administer the technical assistance program to St3te and local governments with emphasis
on the development of the Technical Assistance Centers and State-run ECHO programs so
that these programs can serve as the technical assistance delivery mechanism to States
and localities. Other activities carried out included the management of the QCP experi-
ment in Kansas City, review of EIS's, the holding of noise abatement workshops for State
and local officials, equipment loans, the providing of direct technical assistance to
local cannumties and public education on noise abatement and control. In addition,
they continued to manage the EPA EOI0 program and assisted some States 1n taking over
tne E3A ECHO program in their States.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $850,500 and 14 permanent workyears
to this program, for which $810,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $39,900 is for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
;n 1981, the program provides for those activities that are necessary for the phase
out of the Region's State and local technical assistance program.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $159,000 results from several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity 1s $3,700.
The Congress reduced agencywlde travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $200
was applied to this activity.
N-18
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- The Conress reduced agencywide consulting services by 53.3 million; a decrease
of $43,900 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $11,600 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Seorogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a net transfer of $42,600 to water quality waste treatnent
operations and maintenance ($6,300), permit issuance ($400); pesticides use
management ($13,000), pesticides enforcement ($5,000); management and support -
regional counsel ($10,600), regional management ($18,200), administrative
management ($12,000); and from solid waste hazardous waste management regu-
latory st-ategies implementation (S13,?00), and hazardous waste enforcement
($9,200).
- A transfer of $13,000 was made from water quality NEPA compliance - municipal
waste facility contruction to realign contract funds and support interagency
agreements.
A transfer of $15,000 was made to noise •¦eglonal progrsm imple'ientation to
support SIP efforts.
- A transfer of $31,300 was made to ambient air quality monitoring to support
the air quality monitoring program.
- A transfer of $37,900 was made to air quality management to suooort SI3
activities in the areas of technical review of SIPs, SIP certification
review and docket control.
- A transfer of $11,900 was made from ambient air quality monitoring to support
the Senior Environmental Employment Program.
- A transfer of $294,400 was -nade from noise control technology assessment
and criteria development to carry out the implementation of the Quiet
Communities Act.
- QH5 Bulletin #81 -7. January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel ; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900
is being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCA3) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activity is $4,300.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being
made in order to fund PC4B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $900.
- An internal agencywide reduction of SI,790,800 to other contractual services
is being made in order to fund PC48 deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is S4,400.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PC8B deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is $12,600.
1982 Plan
No resources are requested in 1982. Any remaining aspects of phase-out will be
handled by EPA headquarters noise control program.
Change from January Reouest
This request represents a decrease of $1,045,900 and 17 permanent workyears from
the January budget, of which $853,700 1s for Salaries and Expenses and S192,200 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The reductions reflect the decision to
discontinue the noise program by the end of 1982.
N-19
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Appropriation
Sal 3 r ies andExpenses.
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Total
Permanent Positions...
Full-time Equivalency.
NOISE
Noise
Enforcement
Actual
1980
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs 1981
(dollars in thousands)
$878
$716
$893
-$893
246
225
213
-213
1 ,124
941
1,106
-1,106
22
19
21
-21
32
35
2S
-29
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funds and no permanent workyears for 1982.
p^ooran Description
The long-range goals and major objectives of the noise enforcement program have been
to assure that regulated products distributed in commerce comply with Sections 6 and 8
(new product noise emission standards and information labeling requirements respectively)
of the Noise Control Act of 1972. Additionally, assistance has been given to State/local
governments in the development of effective noise enforcement programs to address compliance
of regulated products in use.
19e0 accomplishments
In 1980, the primary emphasis of the noise enforcement program was monitoring com-
pliance and, where necessary, taking enforcement action under the standards for portable
air compressors and medium and heavy-duty trucks. In addition, preparations were made
for implementation of the informational labeling requirements for hearing protectors and
the standards for truck-mounted solid waste compactors.
Enforcement activities in 1980 included review of 700 production verification reports;
monitoring of 6 production verification tests and 11 selective enforcement audits; inspection
of 10 manufacturers' records/facilities; inspection of 8 manufacturers' test capabilities;
monitoring of 3 labeling verification tests; and conducting 2100 in-use surveillance tests.
Enforcement assistance and guidance was provided to 16 state and local noise enforcement
programs, and 2 State/local guidance packages were developed. Enforcement strategies and
inventories of regulated manufacturers were developed for the hearing protector laDeling and
solid waste compactor regulations.
The 1980 resources included $245,500 for contracts which were used to conduct in-use
surveillance tests for portable air compressors and medium and heavy duty trucks, and hearing
protector testing; to assure quality performance by laboratories which conduct compliance
tests uder the new regulations; State and local enforcement guidance development; technical
support; and production verification report review.
N-20
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1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total $1,105,800 and 21 permanent workyears to this
program of which 5892,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $213,300 is for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Extramural
funds will be used to support the State/local noise enforcement effort (especially for
anti-tampering and in-use noise control requirements which supplement federal product
regulations); evaluate and suntnarlze production verification reports; acquire products for
investigative testing; provide for engineering and technical support services; continue in-use
surveillance testing of regulated products, and surveillance testing of hearing protectors
subject to label 1 ng'requirements.
Because the noise enforcement program is requesting no resources in 1982, ooerations
will include taking those steps necessary to Insure an orderly phase-out of the program.
1981 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimates
The net increase of $30,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budqet estimate was submitted, "resident Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-2941; these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is S4.100.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $1,300
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $5,300 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $6,600 was applied to this
activity.
- An increase of $12,500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and 1s included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogramming to realign salary and related costs to neet on board needs
resulted in a net transfer of $47,600 from water quality permit issuance.
- 0MB 3ulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity 1s $3,900.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being
made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
Is $13,800.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $1 ,790,800 to other contractual services
1s being made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is $1,100.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This
one percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from the Research
and Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity is $5,200.
- Agencywide increases are required 1n order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $147,300.
N-21
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I9S2 Plan
No resources are requested in 1982, consistent with the shift in Agency policy
towards t primary state and local government role in reducing levels o' environmental
noise.
Change from January Request
This reqyest represents a decrease of SI,325,500 and 19 oer^anent workyears from
the January budget, of v^iich SI,101 ,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and S22S.80C is
for Abatement, Control ans Compliance. This decrease --epresents a ohase-out of Federal
ncse e>>forcement activites and a shift in emohasis tc State and local noise enforce-
ment programs.
N-22
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Interdisciplinary
SECTION TAB
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Budget
Current
Increase
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Decrease
1980
1981 •
1981
1982
1932 vs. 191
;dollars
1n thousands)
Appropriation
Salanes and Expenses
$5,930
$5,499
55,956
$6,453
+$497
P.esearch and Development..
4,014
3,648
3,376
4,247
~ 871
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
2,252
1 ,550
1,289
4,604
+3,315
Total
12,196
10,697
10,621
15,304
+4,683
Permanent Workyears
116
120
120
134
+ 14
Full-time Equivalency
137
146
145
168
+23
Outlays
27,509
23,200
28,056
30,602
• • •
Authorizatlon Levels
25,449
22,848
22,848
*
• Authorizations are contained within amount authorized for the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act, Clean Air Act, Solid Waste Disoosal Act, Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodentlclde Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, as well as certain portions
by virtue of tne Appropriation Act. In 1982, authorizations have been proposed for
the Research ana Development activities.
3DDGRA* HIGHLIGHTS
Intermedia Programs:
Salaries and Expenses... 3,664 Z.653 3,008 2,238 -770 -
Research and Development 4,014 3,648 3,376 4,247 *871
Total, Research and
Development Program 7,678 6,301 6,384 6,485 "101
Environmental Impact
Statenents: . .
Salaries and Expenses... 2,199 2,152 2,375 2,401 *26
Abaternent, Control and
Compliance 1 ,883 1.400 1,178 1 ,256 *73
Energy Review and
Permi tting:
Salaries and Expenses... ... 694 573 1,814 + 1,241
Abatement, Control and
Compliance ... 150 111 3,348 +3,237
Integrated Environmental
Assistance:
Abatement, Control and
Compliance 369 ... ... ... ...
lnterdi sclpl inary
Technical Assistance:
Salaries and Expenses 67
Total:
Salaries and Expenses 2,266 2,846 2,948 4,215 +1,267
Abatement, Control and
Compliance 2,252 1 ,550 1 ,239 4,604 +3,315
* January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Develop-
ment restructuring.
-------
Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981 Page
(dollars in thousands)
Total, Abatement and
Control Program 4,518 4,396 4,237 8,819 *4,582
Permanent Positions
Environmental Imoact
Statements 75 77 74 77 -3 1-7
Energy Review and
Permitting ... 13 10 34 *24
Technical Assistance 2 ^
Total, Abatement and
Control Program 77 90 84 111 *27
Intermedia Non-Energy,
Research and Development
Program 39 30 36 23 -1 3
Full-time Equivalency
Environmental Impact
Statements 79 78 77 79 *2
Energy Review and
Permitting ... 26 22 55 *23
Technical Assistance 2
i-i:
1-7
Total, Abatement and
Control Program 81 104 99 134 *35
Intermedia Non-Energy
Research and Development
Program 56 42 46 34 -12
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Many environmental problems can be approached directly through specific useaia pro-
grams, but effective management sometimes requires cutting across the usual media
lines. Often the problem, skill, or technique involved is not readily assignable to a
specific media, and an interdisciplinary approach is required. This interdisciplinary
approach is consistent with the original concerns of the Agency: the need for an inte-
grated way to address pollution in all media. EPA employs this intermedia approach in
several research and development efforts where the problems, tools, and results are
multidfsciplinary in nature and must be coalesced into an integrated program. This
concept is employed in the Agency's efforts to forecast future environmental problems
and to develop a long-range RSD agenda. This concept is also applied to those areas
of the environmental impact statement program where the identification of crosscutting
impacts is important. Similarly, a program of energy review and permitting nas been
included due to the need for a flexible multi-disciplinary approach in assuring that
the rapid development of new energy facilities is accomplished In an environmentally
sound manner.
Research and Development
Intermedia Programs
Exploratory Research. The major goals of this program are to provide a long-term
perspective to EPA's research and development planning activities and to enhance the
quality of mission-oriented research carried out by grantees and by the Office of
1-2
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Research and Development's Research Centers. In support of these goals, program
activities include the identification and assessment of future environmental trends
and tne management of a rigorous peer review system for research grants to ensure that
proposed extramural research is of high scientific quality. The 1932 forecasting
activities in this sub-program will incorporate trends analysis Into the annual update
of the Environmental Outlook report. They will continue woric to develop a system of
environmental indicators as a way of flagging changes 1n future environmental quality
and will produce a comprehensive report on activities 1n this area. Improved methods
to quantify the benefits of environmental quality controls will be developed and,
using established methods, economic benefits of Improvements 1n visibility will be
estimates. EPA's research grants and centers program will continue and the peer
review system will be administered to ensure that extramural research is of high
quality. The origins of the Exploratory Research Program can be traced to recommenda-
tions made by the National Academy of Sciences and by the Office of Technology
Assessment after they reviewed the Agency's program planning process. Moreover, the
program was established In response to Congressional direction under Section 6(a) of
Public Law 95-155, which requires that 15 percent of resources for research be devoted
to longer-term, anticipatory research.
The National Environmental workforce aims to enhance the availability of a
trained workforce for federal, state and local environmental agencies.
The Minority Institutions Research Support helps minority colleges and univer-
sities to participate in environmental research by awarding grants to enable them to
improve their research capabilities and to compete successfully for federal research
do! 'ars.
In 1982, both the National Environmental Workforce and the Minority Institution
Research Support function will be integrated into ORD's Research Grants and Centers
Program.
Abatement and Control
Environmental Impact Statements. EPA will continue to en*>hasize scoping in order
to througnly review tne environmental effects of federal projects. These meetings
with other Federal agencies at the beginning of the environmental review process will
expedite identification and resolution of environmental issues mitigation. New
emphasis will be placed on post draft £ IS follow-up to ensure that mitigation measures
are developed and that earlier EPA comments are Incorporated. Additional resources
will fund increased scoping for the increased number of Energy project EISs antici-
pated in 1982.
Energy Review and Permitting Program. This program provides EPA regional offices
with additional resources to expedite the environmental review and permitting of
energy facilities. In 1982, resources are provided to augment National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System [NPDES), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and
Underground Injection Control (UIC). Contract funds will allow EPA to perform techni-
cal analyses of synthetic fuel facilities and to accelerate the preparation of EISs
for new source NPDES permits. EPA will also act as a cooperating agency, assisting
other federal agencies In the preparation of EISs and preparing environmental analyses
for energy projects requiring EPA permits.
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1981 Interdisciplinary Program $10,622
Salaries and Expenses *<95
The net increase 1n salaries and
expenses 1s due primarily to an
increase {SI,240) in the Energy
1-3
-------
The net increase 1n salaries and
expenses 'S due primarily to an
increase (Il,2<0) in the Energy
Review and Permitting D.U. for travel,
tc allow attendence at energy scoping
meetings and on-site visits; and a
decrease ($797) in the RSD intermedia
program due to the transfer of the
Minority Institution Research Support
grant program (MIRS) from Sit to
extramural RSD.
Research and Development *871
Tne Increase contained In the Intermedia
program is due primarily to the transfer
of the (MIRS) grants program ($454) to
extramural R4D and a ($417) Increase for
both snail scale assessments of emerging
environmental problems and economic
benef't analyses of pollution control
options.
Abatement, Control and Compliance «-3,316
The increase (53,422) is largely due
to the Energy Review and Remitting
increase of ($3,216). This increase
provides contract funds for
1) detailed control technology
evaluations, modelling and monitoring
for synthetic fuel permits and
2) environmental analyses.
1982 Interdisciplinary Program $15,304
SUMMARY OP BUDGET ESTIMATE
1 . Summary of 9udqet Request
An appropriation of $15,303,800 is requested for 1982. This request, by appro-
priation, 1s as follows:
This represents an Increase of $4,682,300 from the 1981 level. The primary
increase ($4,178,100) applies to Energy Review and Permitting 1n Salaries and Expenses
anc most significantly In Abatement, Control and Compliance. An additional Increase
•n Envi-"onmenta! Impact Statements ($1 ,510,400) also contributes to this increase form
the 1981 1evel.
2• Changes from Original 1931 Budget Estimate
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
Abatement, Control and Compliance
6,452,600
4,246,900
4,604,300
Changes from the budget are as follows:
1-4
-------
(in thousands of dollars)
Congressional Changes:
T ravel
Consulting Services
Senior Executive Services Bonus..
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Anticipatory Research
-25
-45
-3
-45
-650
-32
~ 248
*444
Presidential S7m reduction
Reprogrammi ng for salary costs.
Miscellaneous reprogramnings...
Proposed pay raise supplemental
~72
March changes to budget:
T ravel
Consulting Services
Moratorium or Procurement of Equipment..
Equipment Costs
Other Contractual Services
One percent transfer
Increases to fund PCSB
-14
-3
-1
-103
-22
-22
~ 72
Current 1981 estimate
10,622
The Congress reduced Agency travel costs by 5850,000, and consulting services by
$3.8 million; wnich resulted in decreases to the interdiscipllnary media of $26,000
and $45,000, respectively. Senior Executive Service bonuses were reduced by $750,300,
resulting in a $3,000 decrease. President Carter's S7 million reduction to the
Sala-les and Expenses appropriation resulted 1n a decrease of $32,000 to this media.
The Abatement, Control ano Compliance appropriation was reduced by $7.5 million,
$45,300 was applied to this activity. The anticipatory research program was reduced
by $2.5 million, resulting in s $650,000 reduction to this media.
A supplemental is proposed to partially fund the October 1980 pay raise and
included $71 ,600 for this media. The overall reprogrammmg throughout the Agency for
salary costs results in an increase of $248,000. Miscellaneous reprogrammings to this
media resulted in a net Increase of $444,000.
In accordance with 0MB bulletins; the March 1981 changes are as follows: travel
(-$14,600); consulting services (-$3,000); and, moratorium on procurement of equipment
(-$100).
A one percent transfer authority decreases this media by $21,700.
Internal agency reprogrammings to fund PCSB deficits are as follows: equipment
costs (-$102,900); contractual services (-$22,100); and agencywide increases
(~$127,000).
ANALYSIS OF INCREASES ANO DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
(in thousands of dollars)
®rior year obligations
$12,195
$10,268
Congressional changes..
Effect of March changes
-769
-38
;-5
-------
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
(in thousands
of do Ilars)
Effect of reprogrammings
Pay raise supplemental
Change In amount of carryover funds
+660
+ 72
ava ilable
Program change
Change in rate of obligation
~1.029
-1,573
-1,308
+353
~4,682
-925
Total estimated obligations
(Prom new obligation authority)
(From prior year funds)
10,268
(8,921)
(1,347)
14,378
(12,678)
(1,700)
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
The congressional changes discussed in the previous section are expecteo to
result, in a decrease of $769,000 to obligations. The proposed pay raise supplemental
wili increase obligations by $72,000. Reprogrammings will increase obligations by
$660,000.
Tne amount of carryover funds estimated to be obligated in 1981 is $1,347,000, an
increase of $1,029,000 over the 1980 level. In 1982, it is estimated that SI,700,000
of carryover funds will be obligated, an increase of $353,00 over the 1981 level.
The program change in 1981 was previously estimated to result in a decrease of
$1,573,000. In 1982, the program change is expected to increase obligations by
$4,632,000.
[-6
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Environmental Impact Statements
Appropriation
iIS Review:
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
Salaries and Expenses
$1,780
$1,834
$2,060
$2,041
-$19
New Source EIS Preparation:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
419
1,883
318
1,400
315
1,178
360
1,256
*45
+ 78
Total:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Confol and
Compli ance
2,199
1,883
2,152
1 ,400
2,375
1,178
2,401
1 ,256
+26
+78
Grand Total
4,082
3,552
3,553
3,657
~ 104
Permanent Positions
LIS Review
New Source EIS Preparation..
60
15
65
12
63
11
65
12
~2
+1
Total
75
77
74
77
Full-time Equivalency
EIS Review
New Source EIS Preparation..
64
15
67
12
68
11
67
12
-1
+1
Total
79
78
77
79
*2
Budqet Request
The Agency requests a total
of $3,
,657,400,
and 77 permanent workyears
for
an increase of $105,300 front 1981. Included In this total is $2,401 ,100 for Salaries
and Expenses and $1,256,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, representing
increases of $26,600 and $78,700 respectively, from 1981. During 1982, program
activities will focus on the review of other Federal agency envlronmental impact
statements (EISs), regulations and other proposed actions, and the preparation of new
source EISs and findings of no significant Impact.
Program Description
Section 309 of the Clean Air Act requires the Agency to review and comment in
writing on the environmental impact of any matter contained in any legislation, pro-
posed regulation, or EIS of other Federal agencies. The review activity of EPA
consists of working with the other Federal agencies to help them determine the scope
of their environmental assessments, reviewing their draft EISs to help them find
alternative solutions on mitigation measures for their proposed projects, determining
when the unavoidable Impacts on health, welfare, or environmental quality would be
unsatisfactory. Informing the public of EPA's findings, and negotiating with the other
agencies and the Council on Environmental Quality to resolve the major issues and pro-
blems.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires that all agencies of
the Federal Government prepare detailed EISs on proposals for legislation and other
major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.
The new source NEPA compliance activity at EPA includes complete environmental
1-7
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reviews, preparation of either an EIS or finding of no significant Impact, evaluation
of alternatives to proposed actions, and mitigation measures to prevent adverse
environmental impacts.
EIS REVIEW
1980 Accomplishments
Increased efforts were directed toward improving the effectiveness and timeliness
of reviews. Major emphasis was placed on EPA assistance to other Federal agencies
in order to integrate effective environmental planning with basic programmatic
decision-making processes and to prevent costly and avoidable errors in the planning
and execution of major projects. Emphasis was also placed on predraft impact state-
ment liaison (scoping) as required by the new Council on Environmenta1 Quality (CEQ)
regulations. EPA's regulations for Implementation of procedures on the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) were revised and work began on revisions to EPA's
EIS/309 review manual to conform to the new CEQ regulations. Work also began on
revising EIS review guidelines for forest and coastal zone management plans and
training EPA's reviewers In jsing these guidelines. EPA reviewed approximately 1,000
draft and final EISs as well as more than 100 proposed Federal laws, regulations, and
otner actions.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of J2,059,500 to this program, all of
which is for Salaries and Expenses.
No significant change 1n the EIS review activity from the current year Is anti-
cipated. The major emphasis will continue to be on the early identification of
significant environmental issues. It Is anticipated that approximately the same
nuraber of EISs, proposed Federal agency regulations, and other proposed Federal
actions will te reviewed in 1981 as in 1980. Revision of EPA's EIS/309 review
manual to conform to the new Council on Environmental Quality's (CEQ) regulations
will be completed. EIS review guidelines for fores; and coastal rone management
plans will ae finalized and development of a staff education program on these guide-
lines will be completed.
1931 Explanation of Changes fron Budget Estimates
The net increase of $225,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in
a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $11 ,900.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by 5850,000; a decrease of
$2,700 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a
decrease of $5,100 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $31,600 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogramml ngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in transfers of $131 ,700 from NEPA compHnace/EIS preparation new source
discharge permit ($1,300); from energy review and permitting ($27,000); from hazardous
waste enforcement ($42,400); from EIS review-air ($4,000); from manpower planning and
training ($10,500); from hazardous waste managewnt regulatory strategies implementa-
tion ($12,500); from underground Injection control ($34,600); from uncontrolled
1-8
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hazardous waste site (SI 3,800); to EIS reviews-water quality ($2,400); to permit issu-
ance ($3,200); and to regional counsel ($8,800).
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 1s being
jsed to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity 1s $4,200.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services 1s
being made in order to fund PCJB deficits; the reduction applied to the activity 1s
$1,200.
- Agencywide increases are required In order fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity 1s $87,000.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $2,041,400 and 65 permanent workyears for this
program, a decrease of $18,100, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses.
The major emphasis will continue to be on providing EPA assistance to other
Federal agencies and quality review of their documents. New emphasis will be placed on
follow-up to ensure that the agreed upon mitigation measures are being implemented.
It 1s expected that major efforts will be required for consolidating and expediting
the process of major energy
projects.
Change from January Request
There 1s no change 1n resources from the January request.
NEW SOURCE EIS PREPARATION
1980 Accomplishments
Almost $1.9 million of the 1980 resources was used for extramural funding. A
total of 11 environmental impact statements (EISs) and environmental studies were
initiated on new source industrial projects. A total of 12 draft and final EISs on
new source industrial projects were filed. Tecnnical guidelines on leather tanning
and finishing, coal gasification, petroleum refineries, non-ferrous smelters, and
underground coal mines were finalized. Technical guidelines for five other industrial
categories will be drafted. Guidelines for assessing induced growth of new source
industries were drafted. A memorandum of understanding between EPA and the Department
of Interior, Office of Surface Mining, setting forth criteria for determining lead
agency and the need for specific or areawide EISs for NPDES permits relating to sur-
face coal mining was signed.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $1,492,600 to the program, of
which $315,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,177,600 Is for extramural purposes
under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The issuance of new source performance standards on coal mining will considerably
increase new source National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit
activity. Guidelines for assessing Induced growth of new source Industries will be
finalized. Technical guidelines for five Industrial categories will be finalized.
Approximately ten EISs and environmental studies are expected to be initiated in 1981.
1981 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $225,400 results from several actions, as follows:
1-9
-------
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in
a decrease of V million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses, The reduction
applied to this activity 1s $2,000.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $4,800
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3,8 million; a decrease
of $10,000 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $7.5 million to the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $45,200 was applied to this
activity.
- An Increase of $4,600 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included In a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in transfers of $7,700 to E1S reviews-water quality ($1,300); water quality
permit issuance ($2,500); pesticides use management ($2,100) and regional management
($1,800).
- Transfer of $5,000 from underground Injection control program for the printing
of EIS statements.
- Transfer of $5,000 to toxic management to support an interagency agreement.
- Transfer of $177,200 to State programs regulations and guidelines by congres-
sional directive to reprogram funds for the Flathead River 8as1n.
- Transfer of $5,000 from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites to reflect a
regional adjustment of contract funds.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being
jsed to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reductions
applied to this activity 1s $500.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
increase applied to this activity Is $12,400.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $1,616,000 and 12 permanent worlcyears 1n 1982, of
which $359,700 is for Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,256,300 is for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance approprlatlon.
Approximately the same number of EISs and environmental studies are expected to
be Initiated as in 1981. It is anticipated that efforts will be increased relating
to expedited permitting of critical energy facilities.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $127,400 from the January budget, all of
which is for Abatement, Control, and Compliance. This will result in the preparation
of one less environmental impact statement.
[-10
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Energy Review and Permitting
Budget
Actual Estimate
1980 1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs 198
dotlars in
thousanas)
Approoriation
Energy Review and
Permitting:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
$694
150
$573
111
$1,814
3,348
~$1,241
~3,237
Toti!
344
684
5,162
-4,478
Permanent Positions
1 3
10
31
-24
Full-time Eouivalencv
26
22
55
~ 33
Budoet Reouest
The Agency requests a total of $5,162,100 and 34 permanent workyears for 1982, an
increase of $4,478,100 and 24 permanent workyears form 1981. Included in this total is
$1,314,100 for Salaries and Expenses and $3,348,000 for Abatement, Control and Conoliance,
Increases of S',240,700 and $3,237,400, respectively.
Program Description
EPA nas developed tne energy review and permitting program in response to the increased
level of domestic energy development. The Agency's regional offices have already reported
an increase in both conventional and alternative energy facilities. Each new conventional
facility, such as a coa! mine or a power plant, may require EPA issued permits governing
air emissions or effluent discharges, with accompanying modelling and monitoring retire-
ments. The Agency may also be required to prepare or review an environmental impact
statement for any of these new facilities.
Alternative energy facilities, such as synthetic fuel plants, pose a special permitting
problem. Because operating experience 1s sparse, EPA cannot conclude -- as a matter of
engineering or as a matter of law -- that control technologies have been demonstrated for
synfuels. Therefore, we cannot develop industry-wide standards at this time. As a result
of the impract ical 1 ty of setting industry-wide standards now, the permittinq process wiU ae
the regulatory rnechanisrt through which environmental controls are determined for
the first generation of plants. Currently, we know of over 150 alternative fuel
projects which are under construction, or already operating.
The increased resources In this program element will allow the Agency's regional
offices to fulfill their permitting function adequately in the energy area. More
specifically, these regional resources fund an Increase 1n permit issuance for
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD); National Pollutant Discharge and
Elimination System (NPDES); Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and re-
lated activities, such as making best available control technology determinations
and reviewing monitoring systems.
Some of the resources will oe devoted to preparation and review of Environmental
Impact Statements (EIS). In areas which the Agency has special expertise, we will
1-11
-------
assist other agencies in their preparation of Environmental Impact Statements. The
Agency's EIS review workload for energy projects has more than doubled in the last
three years. In order to expedite the environmental review process, the Agency intends
to participate in the early stages of the preparation of Environmental Impact State-
ments by other agencies. EPA's cooperative role should aid in early identification
and resolution of problems that could otherwise delay permit issuance.
1980 Accomplishments
During 1980 the Agency worked to consolidate the various permitting and environ-
mental review requirements applicable to energy facilities. Special priority was
placed on processing energy project permit applications. No resources were specifically
identified in this activity.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $684,000 to this program of which
$573,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $110,600 is for extramural purposes under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The 1981 program includes a tracking
system to monitor the progress of EPA reviews of priority energy projects. At this
time the Agency is monitoring 60 major energy projects. The Agency expects to use the
resources 1n this program for reviewing monitoring systems, making best available tech-
nology determinations, assessing the impact of emissions and effluents, or providing
technical assistance to State and local governments.
The Agency anticipates that it will have the lead role in preparing and following
up on EISs for five major energy projects. The regional offices will provide early
assistance to other agencies in the scoping phase of energy EISs to expedite identifica-
tion and resolution of any environmental problems.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $160,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, ^resident Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted In a decrease of
$7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity 1s 54,800.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $350,000; a decrease of SI 2,800
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $3,700 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $8,400 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in transfers of $67,500 to EIS review-air ($8,700); EIS review-water quality ($19,100);
administrative management-regions ($10,500); planning, evaluation and analysis ($29,500);
financial management regions ($7,800); and front uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
($14,200); hazardous waste management, regulatory strategies implementation ($3,100);
solid waste management program Implementation ($1,900); and to ambient air quality
monitoring ($12,100).
- A transfer of $6,000 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide addi-
tional resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance penalties
under Section 120 of the Clean A1r Act.
1-12
-------
- Transfer of $16,500 to state programs regulations and guidelines to fund the
interagency agreement for a Soil Conservation expert.
- Transfer of $12,300 to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites for an analytical con-
tract to expand regional capaoility to analyze high priority, quick turn-around samples.
- Transfer of $11,100 from ambient air quality monitoring ($8,200) and manpower
planning and training ($2,900) to support an interagency agreement for NOAA meteorologist.
- A transfer of $23,300 was made to the Office of Inspector General in order to pro-
vide additional resources to that Office.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywlde reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to fund
personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity Is $4,500.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made in
order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $11,600.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
percent authority 1s being Implemented by transferring funds from the Research and
Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation In order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this
acti vi ty 1s $21 ,700.
- Agencywide increased are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $5,000.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $5,162,100 and 34 permanent workyears for this
program, of which SI,314,100 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,348,000 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. In 1982, tne Agency expects
to permit and review an increased number of energy projects. We expect that there will
be a number of complex energy projects. The Agency anticipates having the lead
role in the preparation of EISs for five critical energy facilities, and a cooperating
role in the preparation of 35 otner EISs. In areas wtiere the agency has special ex-
pertise (e.g. air and water quality monitoring), we will assist other agencies 1n
the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements for energy projects. The coopera-
tive role taken by EPA to expedite the envlronmental review process is expected to
account for a majority of the resources requested 1n this program. Additionally,
the regional offices will provide assistance in the scoping phase of any energy
EIS to expedite issue identification and resolution.
The Agency will continue to use the resources in this program element to accelerate
issuance of Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD); National Pollutant Elimination
and Discharge System (NPDES); Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and Under-
ground Injection Control (UIC) permits for new energy facilities. The resources in
this program element may be used for reviewing monitoring systems, making best available
technology determinations, assessing the impact of emissions and effluents, or providing
technical assistance to State and local governments.
Change From January Request
This request represents an Increase of $10,500 from the January budget, all of
wtiich is for Salaries and Expenses. This Increase will help defray the cost of
required printing of notices of Intent and notices of filing environmental Impact
statements in the Federal Register.
I-12A
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia - Non-Energy
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1981 1982 1962 vs. 1981
{dollars In thousands)
Appropriation
Exploratory Research Core Program;
Salaries and Expenses,...,...,.
Research and Development.......
$3,412
3,974
$2,440
3,648
$2,051
3,376
$2,070
3,793
S *19
~41 7
Minority Institution Research
Support:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development.
...
1
• • •
816
20
454
-796
~454
National Environmental Workforce:
Salaries ana Expenses
Research and Development
252
40
212
141
148
~ 7
Total:
Salaries and Expenses..........
Research and Development..
3,664
4,014
2,653
3,648
3,009
3,376
2,238
4,247
-770
+871
Grand Total
7,678
6,301
6,385
6,484
~99
Permanent Dos1tions
Exploratory Researcn
Core Program
Minority Institution
Research Support.........
National Environmental Workforce.
31
""a
24
* *6
29
3
4
19
4
-10
-3
Total 39 30 36 23 -13
Full-time Equivalency
Exploratory Research
Core Program ...» 47 35 39 29 -10
Minority Institution
Research Support ... ... 3 ... -3
National Environmental
Workforce 9 7 4 5 +1
Total: 56 42 46 34 -12
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,484,300 for 1982, an increase of $98,900 from
1981, Included In this total is $2,237,400 for Salaries and Expenses and $4,246,900
for Research and Development, with a decrease of $771,800 and an increase of $870,700,
respectively.
1-13
-------
Program Description
This program's components, or sub-programs, serve the common needs of the
Agency's research programs and do not clearly align to one particular research com-
mittee.
The Exploratory Research Program serves to integrate on an Intermedia basis the
longer term research needs of tne Agency as expressed by each research planning com-
mittee. The objectives of the program are to: (1) Identify, define and assess long-
term environmental trends, problems and opportunities; (2) support mission-oriented
basic research to stimulate Innovative and long-range Ideas and to Infuse such con-
cepts Into Agency planning; and (3) Insure the scientific merit of such research
through rigorous peer review. The primary goal of this program Is to promote efforts
to minimize future environmental problems 1n a manner compatible with other national
long-term economic and social goals. The origins of this program can be traced to
recommenoations based on reviews of the Agency's RSD program and planning process by
the National Academy of Sciences and by the Office of Technology Assessment. More-
over, the program was established in response to Congressional direction under Section
6(a) of Public Law 95-155, which requires that 15 percent of resources for research be
devoted to longer-term, anticipatory research. The program's long-term, strategic
perspective has been highly Integrated into the Agency's RSD planning and policy-mak-
ing process. Programs to achieve these objectives Include the Strategic Assessment and
Special Studies Program, the Research Grants and Centers Program, which includes the
National Environmental Workforce and the Minority Insitutions Research Support sub-
programs .
Strategic Assessment and Special Studies Program alms to provide long-range stra-
tegic guidance to the Agency's t?SD planning process. The program produces an annual
Environmental Outlook report, analyzing long-range trends and in-depth assessments of
significant emerging environmental problems. Objectives are achieved by developing
and maintaining forecasting techniques and supporting a variety of environmental pro-
blem identification assessments. The Agency's major effort to develop and Improve
economic benefit estimates of environmental control 1s also maintained here. The 1982
Strategic Assessment subprogram Includes: updated analyses of long-term trends and in-
depth analysis of several significant emerging enviromental problems as reported 1n
the Environmental Outlook: expanded analysis of long-range problems for use by the
intra-Agency Research Conmlttees; continuation of the mini-assessment program; reports
produced by the regional assessment projects; and reports on efforts to develop a sys-
tem of environmental indicators.
Exploratory Research Grants and Centers Program administers ORD's new competitive
Research Grants Program and the extramural Exploratory Research Centers. The grants
program utilizes a rigorous peer review system and is coordinated closely with other
ORD planning activities. The Centers program builds upon expertise at major univer-
sities to create comprehensive programs to address critical Agency long-term
scientific needs, and 1s responsible for transferring the results of these effects to
appropriate offices within the Agency. The Exploratory Core Research Program manages
and Coordinates, but does not directly fund the Centers. The 1982 subprogram calls
for continued emphasis on improving the quality of proposals, coordination of the pro-
cess within the Agency, and the dissemination of research results. Eight Exploratory
Research Centers will be In full operation with enphasls on examining new trends.
Dissemination of results for both the Competitive Grants Program and the Exploratory
Research Centers will empnasize seminars and workshops. The National Environmental
Workforce operates to ensure the availability of a trained workforce for federal,
state, and local environmental agencies. In 1982, the Agency will expand the Senior
Environmental Employment Corps program and will award apprenticeships at EPA labora-
tories to 200 minority high school students. Grants will be awarded to develop a
trained workforce which can support EPA program offices. The program will continue
managing and Implementing environmental workforce programs using extramural resources
from Agency Offices and from other federal agencies. The Minority Institutions
Research Support helps minority colleges and universities become more competitive in
securing federal research funds, encourages minority students to choose environmental
1-14
-------
science careers, and promotes faculty exchanges between minority Institutions and EPA
laboratories. In 1982, this effort wi 1 *. be fully integrated Into Exploratory Research
Grants Program so as to encourage participation 1n ORD's entire research granting
mechani sm.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
1960 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency used a total of $7,386,000 for this suo-program, of which
$3,411,800 was for Salaries and Expenses and $3,973,700 was for extramural research
activities.
Strategic Assessment and Special Studies
Produced the Environmental Outlook 1980, a comprehensive report which forecasts
future trends for a number of pollutants and asseses the environmental implica-
tions of these trends.
Initiated a project to provide long-term economic, technical, and environmental
assessments of critical industries, concentrating on such variables as economic
growth, capital flow, feedstock and technological change and emerging environ-
mental problems and opportunities. This activity 1s designed to provide an
integrated envlronmental outlook of selected industries upon which to base ORD's
long-term research agenda.
Prepared detailed analyses of long-range environmental trends and problems for
use by the Agency's Research conmfttees 1n producing the congressional-mandated
Research Outlook 1981 report.
Initiated nine small-scale problem assessment studies. These studies are
intended to identify and define future envlronmental concerns or correct data
deficiencies in potential problem areas. These studies will provide the informa-
tion required to make a decision about the need for further study and the
appropriate scale of any future research efforts.
Continued to develop and test Improved methods for determining the benefits of
national and regional programs to control pollution. Major studies included a
comprehensive assessment of procedures for measuring the benefits of improving
water quality and a new and improved set of estimates of the national benefits of
the Federal Hater Pollution Abatement Program.
Initiated an integrated regional assessment for Federal Regions IV and VI. The
project will provide EPA with the Information, data and analyses needed to
identify future problems and impacts to public health, ecosystems, and the socio-
economic well-being of these Regions.
Completed analysis of monitoring data collected over a three year period by
the Mussel Watch program. Data Indicate that mussels are suitable biological
indicators for determining long-term trends in the environmental health of
coastal waters.
Exploratory Grants and Centers
Established a new Competitive Research Grants Program and operated it for eight
months. The program's goals are: to Improve the quality of scientific Informa-
tion on which Agency regulatory decisions are made; to broaden the range of
researchers who work on Agency projects, attracting new investigators and estab-
lished scientists with ideas which deserve support; to focus a portion of the
scientific cormunlty on long-range research designed to predict and interdict
future environmental problems; and to Investigate long-range solutions to current
environmental problems.
1-15
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In 1980, the Exploratory Grants and Centers Program coordinated the solicitation,
selection process and establishment of four new Exploratory Research Centers in
the following areas:
- Utimate Haste Elimination at the Illinois Institute of Technology—nil 1
explore innovative approaches to reduce, eliminate or reuse hazardous by-
products while maintaining or enhancing the productivity of manufacturing pro-
cesses.
- Intermedia Transport Research at the University of California, Los Angeles-
will direct Its attention toward defining the chemical/physical processes
which govern the exchange of pollutants at the air-land and air-water Inter-
face.
- Ecosystem Research at Cornell University—will aim to develop and apply
system-level ecological concepts appropriate for environmental protection
decisions.
- Marine Research at the University of Rhode Island—will address effective
measurement and assessment of the health of marine ecosystems and the Impacts
of toxic substances.
- During the past year, the Program has provided oversight to the development of
research plans for the three Centers initiated in 1979. The Centers are:
- Advanced Control Technology Research Center at the University of Illinois,
Urbana.
- Groundwater Research Center at the consortium of the University of Oklahoma,
Oklahoma State University and Rice University.
- Epidemiology Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $5,427,600 and 30 permanent work-
years to this sub-program, of which $2,051,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and $3,376,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Devel-
opment Appropriation.
Strategic Assessment and Special Studies
- Produce the Environmental Outlook 1981 report. Unlike the comprehensive overview
presented in Environmental Outlook TWO, the 1981 report will focus on three major
areas; Future Trends in Agriculture and Potential Environmental Consequences;
Potential Feedstock Changes 1n the Organic Chemical Industry and the Implications
for Hazardous Haste Steams; Deposition of Heavy Metals—an Environmental Assess-
ment,
- Following competitive solicitation and review, up to ten small scale problem
assessment proposals will be selected for funding. Candidate topics Include ocean
disposal of geothermal brines and ecological allergies.
- Complete major reports on the economic benefits of air and water pollution control.
The air pollution reports will include the economic benefits delivered from air
pollution control in San Francisco and protection of visibility In Western National
Parks. A benefit-cost analysis of air pollution control In Los Angeles will also be
reported. The water study report will emphasize the benefits derived from Improved
recreation and option value.
- A major report will be completed on the advantages and disadvantages of using
economic incentives for pollution control with case studies of their possible
1-16
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applications to controlling airport noise. Implementing prevention of significant
deterioration, and controlling atmospheric benezene emissions.
- The first phase of the program's Integrated Industrial Assessment effort will be
completed which will provide a systematic procedure for selecting Industries for
detailed study. Two assessments will be initiated during 1981 to guide ORD's
exploratory research efforts towards minimizing the future environmental problems
associated with these industries and to identify opportunities for maintaining
environmental quality while enhancing Industrial productivity and growth.
- A final report will be produced describing the results of the first phase of the
Integrated Environmental Assessment of Region IV and VI. A second phase will be
initiated for an analysis of the future environmental status of the entire study
area, each region speclfically, and specific local Issues.
- Focus the Mussel Hatch program on those "hot spot* areas Identified by the monitor-
ing efforts. The Intent Is to determine the degree to which Hussel Hatch data
accurately reflect long-term trends in the environmental health of coastal waters.
Exploratory Grants and Centers
Process 1,200 proposals for review, critique, and ranking for scientific merit by
the peer review panels. Information on research results from grants-ln-place will
be provided regularly to Interested Agency personnel.
- Establish an Exploratory Research Center for specialized research In the area
of treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes. This Center will study the design,
construction, maintenance, operation and closure of hazardous waste landfills and
facilities. Research will also be Included on remedial activities related to the
problems unique to spills and other emergency situations.
- Establish and coordinate operating policies and research agendas for the following
Centers: Ultimate Haste Elimination, Intermedia Transport, Ecosystem Research and
Marine Sciences Research.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the existing Centers In providing the needed fullness
of coverage, both in scope and depth. Recommendations for Improvement will be pre-
pared.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswaIking" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget sub-
mission. The details of the restructlng of the research and development program, as
well as the crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found In the Special Analyses sec-
tion of this submission.
The net decrease of J659,600 results from several actions, as follow:
Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Oocument 96-294); these revisions resulted
1n a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity is SI 1,600.
The Congress reduced the anticipatory research program by $2.5 million; a
decrease of $649,800 was applied to this activity.
The Congress reduced agencywlde travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $1,100
was applied to this activity.
The Congress reduced agencywlde consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $25,900 was applied to this activity.
1-17
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The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $2,800 was applied to this activity.
An Increase of $23,500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
1s Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in transfers of $190,500 from other activities.
Transfer of funds in order to realign support to all programs supported by
what was formerly anticipatory research funds: $528,400 within the SSE
appropriation, to toxic chemicals testing and assessment ($394,400) and to
solid waste/non-energy ($134,000); $378,400 within the R&D appropriation, from
toxic chemicals testing and assessment.
Transfer of $62,300 from 1nterd1sc1pl1nary-National Environmental Workforce,
resulting from a reassessment of the workload of these programs.
A transfer of $4,800 was made to the radiation media 1n order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction,"
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity 1s $1,000.
0MB Bulletin #81-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions In Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting
and Related Services," required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting
services; the reduction applied to this activity 1s $2,600 which 1s being
redirected to fund PCSB deficits.
0MB 8unet1ng #81-9, January 30, 1981 , "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment," required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of
$421,000 is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity is $100.
An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
1n order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity Is
$91 ,300.
An Internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services Is
being made In order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $20,900.
Agencywide increases are required 1n order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is $26,000.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $5,862,800 and 19 permanent workyears for this
sub-program, of which $2,069,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
$3,793,000 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropria-
tion. Extramural funding for the centers is provided 1n other media. The Exploratory
Core Research Program manages and coordinates the Office of Research and Development
Grants and Centers program.
This reflects an increase of $428,900 for performing small-scale assessments of
emerging environmental problems, and for conducting analyses to Improve estimates of
the economic benefits associated with pollution control options, and for continuing
research on environmental indicators through extramural funding.
1-18
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Strategic Assessment and Special Studies
Produce the Environmental Outlook 1982 report. This report will be patterned
after the 1981 report and will analyze several specific long-term environmental
trends, problems, and opportunities.
Produce detailed analyses of long-range environmental trends and RSD needs for
use by the Agency's Research Committees.
Select for funding ten to twelve small-scale assessments following competitive
solicitation and review. Topics will be in areas identified bv other forecast
ing/analysis efforts of the program and in conjunction w1tn ORD's overall R4D
planning process.
Complete research studies on the economic benefits from control of major environ-
mental disasters, and from improved visibility In the eastern United States and
investigate two promising but not previously analyzed microepidemlological data
sets to determine the health benefits of air pollution controls.
Complete Phase I of the Integrated Assessment of Regions IV and VI which will
include detailed analyses of the current and future environmental status of the
area. Phase II will be initiated in FY 198Z to identify and analyze alternative
public policies and strategies for environmental protection.
Expand the Integrated Industrial Assessments Program to Include an additional 2-3
industries in FY 1982. As assessments are developed for several industries, the
Program will analyze Interindustry factors/trends. The goal is to identify long-
term research priorities based on an improved understanding of potential economic/
environmental trends that cut across segments of the Nation's Industries.
Undertake a regional monitoring effort to field test the physiological measures
within mussels that have been studied as potentially useful indicators of toxic
stress.
Exploratory Grants and Centers
Continue oversight and management of Extramural Research Grants Program with
emphasis on (1) continued improvements In quality of research; (2) coordination
with the Agency research planning process; (3) broad dissemination of results of
completed grants; and (4) coordination with other Federal agencies:
Provide overview and management of the eight operating Centers emphasizing atten-
tion to new trends, discoveries or leads coming from ongoing studies. A search
will be made for targets of opportunity to apply these findings on a pilot or full
scale.
Provide summary report of the results obtained by each of the Centers will be pre-
pared for review to determine the effectiveness of existing Centers 1n covering of
necessary areas In responding to new needs.
Complete the integration of the Environmental Workforce and Minority Institute
Research efforts into the program so as to assure coordination and to encourage
participation In the grant funding process.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $151,500 and permanent workyears from the
January budget for Salaries and Expenses. This decrease will result in a reduction
of studies to identify and test indicators of long-term trends in environmental
quai i ty.
1-19
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL WORK FORCE
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $292,300 for this sub-program, of which
$252,300 was for Salaries and Expenses and $40,000 was for extramural research activi-
ties.
1960 Accomplishments
The National Environmental Workforce Development effort assisted State and local
environmental agencies in meeting their employment and training needs. Serving as
the coordinator of the Agency's Academic Training program, this program provided
policy guidance to program offices offering direct technical training to employees
of States, municipalities and industry.
The Minority Apprenticeship Program provided summer employment opportunities to
hiqh achieving minority high school students. The program employed 100 students
in EPA research laboratories throughout the country.
The Senior Environmental Employment (SEE) Program provided State and local environ-
mental agencies with experienced and enthuslatlc older workers at little or no
cost to the agencies.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $141,400 and 4 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
The Senior Environmental Employment (SEE) activity will expand to include 25
state programs.
The Minority Research Apprenticeship program will provide summer employment
opportunities to high achieving minority high school students.
In cooperation with the Department of Labor, EPA will produce and distribute the
Environmental Protection Careers Guidebook to academic institutions and to poten-
tial employers.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $70,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted In a decrease of $7 million to EPA°s request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity 1s $1,300.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of
$3,500 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $2,200 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is Included 1n a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogramnrings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted In a transfer of $900 to other activities.
- Transfer of $62,300 to interdisciplinary-exploratory research, resulting from
an assessment of the workload of the programs.
- 0MB Butletlng #81-7, January 24, 1981 "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction,"
required agencywlde reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 Is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCS8) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity Is $1,700.
1-20
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- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies
Appropriation Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between
appropriations. This one percent authority 1s being Implemented by transferr-
ing funds from the Research and Development and the Abatement, Control and
Compliance approoriations to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation In order
to fund PC&8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity Is $3,400.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $147,800 and 4 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, all of which Is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. This reflects
an increase of $6,400 to fund additional other-than-perraanent workyears.
- Continue to assist State and local environmental agencies In meeting their employ-
ment and training needs.
- Maintain the Senior Environmental Employment Corps in 25 states.
- Award apprenticeships at EPA laboratories to minority high school students.
- Complete the integration of this effort as a sub-program into the Research Grants
and Centers Program so as to assure coordination and visibility to joint efforts.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $69,200 and 2 permanent workyears from the
January budget, of which $69,200 Is for Salaries and Expenses. This decrease will
result in the incorporation of the workforce function into the research grants and
centers program.
MINORITY INSTITUTION RESEARCH SUPPORT
1980 Accomo11shments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $642,600 for this sub-program of which was
for Salaries and Expenses and $578,300 was for extramural research activities.
- Through the program's Minority Institution Research Support (MIRS) efforts, eight
institutions received research support totaling $642,600 1n 1980. A mechanism to
facilitate the participation of minority Institutions In the Competitive Research
Grants Program was also Initiated. In 1980, three minority institutions received
Competitive Research Grant funds as a result of this effort.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $816,400 and 3 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, all of which Is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
- Emphasis will be concentrated on Improving the quality of research grant applica-
tions so that fuller participation in the competitive grants program will be
gradually approached. Some Minority Institutions can now compete on an approxi-
mately equal basis with other universities and colleges, but a similar improvement
will be sought from others.
1981 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $815,700 results from several actions,as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted 1n a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity Is $700.
1-21
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- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $950,000; a decrease of $1,500
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $1,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included 1n a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrannifngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $1,700 from other activities.
- Transfer of the Minority Institution Research Support program from program
management into this 1nterd1sciplInary activity resulted In an increase of $318,000.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction,"
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being
used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity is $2,700.
- 0MB Bullentln #81-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions In Fiscal Year 1981 Con-
sulting and Related Services," required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting
serices; the reduction applied to this activity Is $400 which Is being redirected to
fund PCSB deficits.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $473,700 for this sub-program of which $19,800 1s
for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $453,900 is for extramural purposes
under the Research and Development Appropriation.
The oecrease of $342,700 from FY 81 reflects the Integration of this effort as a
sub-program into the Research Grants and Centers Program In which minority Institu-
tions will be encouraged to participate In the complete grant funding mechanism.
- The Drogram will integrate the MIRS effort fully Into the competitive
grants program wMle still continuing efforts cormensurate with Congres-
sional and administrative connitments for special assistance to
qualifying Institutions.
- Major emphasis will be directed toward 1n*>roving the quality of proposals
coming from these institution.
- Symposia/Workshops will be organized to provide Interested scientists,
agencies and the general public information resulting from completed grants.
- A summary report on the effectiveness of the MIRS program will be produced
Including a description supported by the program.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $369,700 and 3 permanent workyears from the
January budget, of which $102,800 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $266,900 1s for
Research and Development. This decrease will result 1n the Incorporation of the MIRS
function into the overall research grants and centers program.
1-22
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Toxic Substances
SECTION TAB
-------
TOXIC substances
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1930 1981* 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981 Paoe
(dollars in thousands)
Appropriation
Salaries an; Eoenses $29,452 $34,603 533,705 $37 ,127 .$3,422
Seses<-ch and Development 22,040 28,674 24,186 23,677 -50?
Asatement, Control
ana Compliance 38,745 46,215 46,101 37.349 -8,752
Total 90,237 109,492 103,992 98,153 -5,839
Permanent Morkyears 592 775 727 738 *11
?u11 -time Equivalency 741 894 880 844 -36
Outlays 59,163 90,200 60,991 63,500 *2,509
;.jthorization Levels 30,377 36,395 36,395 *
* Autnorization pending.
PR0C3AH HIGHLIGHTS
Chemical Testing
and Assessment:
Salaries and Expenses.... 8,866 11,711 11,331 14,330 *2,999 TS-3"
Research and Development. 22,040 26,674 24,186 23.677 -509
Total, Research and
Development Program 30,906 40,385 35,517 38,007 -2,490
Toxic Substances Strategies
Salaries and Expenses 18,231 20,181 19,521 19,242 -2^9 TS-';
Abatement, Control
ana Co~p'!jnce 37,666 43,735 43,532 35,815 -7,717
Total, Abatenent and
Control Program 55,897 63,916 63,053 55,057 -7,996
Toxic Substances
cflf Or£.£(!>£fit *
Salaries and Expenses 2,355 2,71 1 2,853 3,555 -702 TS-25
Abatement, Control
and Compliance 1 ,079 2,480 2,569 1 ,534 -1 ,035
Total, Enforcement Program... 3,434 5,191 5,422 5,089 -333
Permanent Positions
Chemical Testing and
Assessment 1 18 187 179 1 74 .5
Toxic Substances ,,
Strategies 410 502 475 465 -10
Toxic Substances „ „
Enforcement.... 64 86 73 99 *26
-------
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1931 Page
(dollars in thousands!
Full-time Equivalency
Chemical Testing and
Assessement
Toxic Substances
Strategies
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Program..
154
225
233
214
-19
TS-31
506
574
561
524
-37
TS-11
81
95
86
106
~ 20
7S-25
* January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Toxic Substances Control Act {TSCA) established a program to stimulate the
development of adequate data on the effects of chemical substances or* health and the
environment, and action for those chemicals which present an unreasonable risk of injury
to health or the environment are regulated to reduce that risk. The Act's coverage is
broad, affecting more than 55,000 chemicals currently in commerce. Up to 1,000 addi-
tional new chemicals are introduced eacn year. About 115,000 manufacturers and
processors are subject to the Act.
The law contains several major authorities. First EPA may require manufacturers to
conduct, at their own expense, health and environmental effects testing on designated
existing chemicals. Second, the Agency may require the private sector to provide a
broad range of basic information on chemicals; this includes information the government
might not otherwise receive, such as reports of substantial risks, chemical or employee
and consumer allegations tnat a substance may cause significant adverse reactions.
Finally, TSCA gives EPA the power to control the production, distribution, use, and
disposal of chemicals--new and existing--found to cause unreasonable risks.
The premanufacture notification provisions of TSCA, which cover new chemicals, have
been in effect since July of 1979. These provisions require manufacturers and importers
to notify EPA 90 days before new chemical substances enter commerce. If the Agency
fails to take any action before the 90-day period expires, the substance may enter
commerce unconditionally. Under the law, submitters are expected to provide enough
information with their notices to enable EPA to make a "reasoned evaluation of the
health and environmental effects" of the substance. In the absence of such information,
under Section 5(e) of TSCA, EPA may propose to prohibit or limit the manufacturing, pro-
cessing, distribution, use, or disposal of the substance, if the Agency determines that
any or all of these activities may present an unreasonable risk or if there may be sub-
stantial release of, or exposure to, the substance. If the Agency maintains a
creditable audit of PMN's it should minimize the need for 5(e) actions.
EPA has the authority to obtain needed data and information on the potential use,
exposure, and effects of important existing chemicals. Such Information whether obtain-
ed in the library, through voluntary submissions, under reporting rules, or as the
result of tests will be used by EPA to identify important health and environmental pro-
blems that need to be addressed. The Office of Toxic Substances will determine through
its assessments what it feels the extent and type of corrective measures that seem to
most reasonable to address the problem. Regulations under TSCA or other appropriate
statutes may be required If such appropriate measures are not taken.
There was a limited organizational and conceptual base upon which to build the
toxic substances program when the law was first enacted, now more than three years ago.
The first years of implementation required the development of the foundations for pro-
TS-2
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gram operation. An integral part of that foundation is the newly approved TSCA
organizational structure. This new structure 'S designed to emphasized two major but
distinct program responsibilities: (1) implementation of the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA), and (2) integration of Agency-wide toxics control TSCA impl ementat ion
activities; the consolidation of TSCA implementation responsibilities into one office
provides functionally for a more streamlined organ;zation, eliminating many of the
organizational and administrative problems uncovered in the first years of TSCA imple-
mentation. E'A is required to implement a number of statutes dealing with chemicals and
in recognition oe the need for a consistent Agencv-wide approach to doing so.
Although difficult to measure, it is clear that TSCA and our program have already
had a dramatic impact on industry and its approach to production, processing, and use of
chemicals. It is apparent that the requirement to report for the Chemical Inventcy,
identify and report substantial risks, and prepare premanufacture notifications has
cajseo many changes in corporate structure anc! policy in companies both large and small.
A^ong with these changes have come new approaches toward the handling of information and
data on cnemicals that can be brought to bear on corporate decision-making. Another
neasure of the impact of TSCA has been the dramatic increase in chemical industry
toxicological testing facilities and personnel made in anticipation of the testing
demands of TSCA.
On the other hand, we've only partially achieved our goals, and some of our pro-
gress has been due to industry's anticipation of future TSCA requirements. To be
successfjl in making further progress we wi11 need to put the other key TSCA mechanisms
•"to place and to exhibit the orooer degree of vigor ana persistence in their applica-
tion over time.
The 1931 toxic substances program strategy is to develop approaches which provide
strong continuing incentives to the private sector to achieve tne TSCA goals of
protecting public health and the environment. The incentives should be designed to
(!) stimulate industry to develop safer chemicals (without unduly affecting 'nnovationl,
;2} to provide adquate information about the hazards associated with those substances,
and (3) to take actions to protect against unnecessary -isks.
More specifically, the focus of the 1981 toxic substances program will be to con-
tinue to place high priority on key elements of our new chemical program, including the
oremanufacture review process, testino guidelines, significant new use rules (applied
in conjunction with 'is* listing, as appropriate). Section 5(h) exemptions. The 'inal
Section S rule will be promulgated to provide both industry and EPA with a clearer
framework in wtiich to operate. We will also emphasize action which will establish an
adequate information and assessment base which will help determine what reasons of con-
trol are needed now and in the future. This will include assessments to determine the
need for industry to obtain testing data and the development of reporting and recording-
keeping rules. Ue expect to review over 500 new chemicals, require data subm-tted under
Section 8 on numerous priority chemicals, initiate as necessary, action that will lead
to the testing of more than a dozen chemicals for various health and ecological effects,
determine the need and act to control nonaerosal of chlororfluorocarbons in the United
States, and move toward control of a few other high risk chemicals.
During 1981, the Office of Toxics Integration will work with the Office of banning
and Evaluation and other Agency programs to develop a toxics integration strategy. This
strategy will promote coordination of all future Agency actions on toxic substances.
Major goals of the strategy include (1) establishing the use of unified multi-media
chemical risk assessments to serve several Agency orograms at the same time,
(2) developing an Agency list of the most significant toxic chemicals and setting
priorities for controlling principal exposure routes of concern to the Agency.
(3) developing a process for identifying the princioal exposure routes of a chemical tne
Agency has targeted for control, and closing out EPA efforts or lowering the priority of
remaining less significant exposure routes, and (4) developing decision criteria for the
future selection of toxic chemicals of concern. In addition to the development of the
TS-3
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strategy, the Integration program will promote integration of toxics activities through
special projects and active roles 1n various Intraand inter-agency work groups, includ-
ing the Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group (IRLG), Toxic Substances Priority Committee
;tspc;. and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Through
preparation of analytical tools and publications for the Agency, the toxics integration
program will assist the Agency in better use of its existing resources and data bases to
integrate and coordinate toxics control activities. Finally, the program will encourage
State and local control of toxics problems by making chemical information (i.e., health
effects, exposure routes, etc.) widely available.
The focus of the 1982 toxic substances program will be to put the remaining key
TSCA mechanisms into place. Our new chemical program will continue as our highest
priority, including PMN reviews with action taken under Sections 5(e) and 5(f), if
needed. Significant new use rules will be develop to provide for reporting of new mgn
exposure use of toxic chemicals that were reviewed a PMN's but considered reasonaDle
risks because of their low exposure. We expect to review over 500 new chemicals,
require data submissions under Section 8, formulate testing of numerous chemicals for
various health and ecological effects, and move forward to recommend control of other
high risk chemicals under Section 6. We will provide required assessment, monitoring,
economic analysis and other support as needed. In cooperation with the newly estab-
lished Office of Toxic Integration, OTS will continue to expand the effort to Integrate
toxics-related activities across different orograms and the 'RIG agencies. The
goals of these efforts are to ensure tnat we are: (a) dealing with the lost serious
prDbletr.s; (h) avoiding unnecessary duplication of effort; and (c) achievinc the most
protection of public health and the environment possible with the avai'.aDle resources.
During 1982, the toxic integration program will emphasize implementation of the
toxics integration strategy developed In the previous year. With both short and long-
term strategy objectives well defined, primary emphasis will be placed on seeing that
all programs carry out strategy objectives. In addition to ensuring that the strategy
is implemented, the toxics Integration program will continue work in five major areas:
(1) Agency-wide integration of action on toxic substances, Including chairing and staff-
ing the TSPC; (2) agency representation to Internallonal organizations dealHg with
chemical control; (3) administration of the interagency Chemical Substances Information
Network (CSIM); (4) Agency representation on the IRLG; and (5) liaison between TS?C pro-
gram and State staffs.
The toxic substances enforcement program, operating in partnership with the
Agency's toxic substances regulatory program, seeks to protection public health and the
environment from unreasonable risks posed by chemical substances through the enforcement
of TSCA and its established regulations. The enforcement program concentrates its
efforts on the enforcement of those regulatory provisions which (1) prevent or abate
public health and envlronmental threats from chemical contamination, particularly in emer-
gency situations; (2) assure that data used to make regulatory judgments are accurate,
comprehensive, and timely; and (3) monitor compliance with existing standards to deter-
mine that regulated chemicals are manufactured, handled, and used in accordance with the
law.
The enforcement program, moreover, establishes distinct but complementary roles for
both the neadquarters and regional components of the program. The headquarters function
includes the responsibilities to coordinate enforcement response to emergency situa-
tions; provide enforcement representation in and support to the TSCA regulatory
development process; design, Implement, and oversee inspection, compliance monitoring
and enforcement policies, strategies and procedures; develop, implement and exercise
enforcement remedies upon the detection of violations; assist and support regional per-
sonnel in case development and prosecution, conducting Inspections and compliance
monitoring. The regional function 1s to: carry out enforcement response 1n emergency
situations; conduct inspection and compliance monitoring activities in support of all
established rules regulations; impose appropriate enforcement remedies 1n all instances
of violation through the initiation and prosecution of enforcement actions. As the list
of enforceable rules and regulations expands, the role of the regional office will grow
in size and importance.
TS-4
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In 1982, the number of enforceable rules and regulations will continue to Increase
over previous years. Thus, the level of enforcement activity will also increase. The
enforcement response to emergency situations will continue to be of primary importance.
Additional chenical control regulations for asbestos in schools and CFC nonaerosol uses
will join those already in existence to represent the largest single portion of the
overall routine regional enforcement workload. The enforcement of premanufacturing
requirements and information gathering and reporting rules will remain a part of the
overall workload. New rules and regulations will be developed, proposed, and promul-
gated throughout 1982, and corresponding enforcement policies and strategies will be
designed and implemented, all of which demand further enforcement participation and
support. Finally, the establishment of grants-in-aid to State agencies to develop and
support State-ooerated toxic substances enforcement programs, begun in 1981, will
receive continued supoort and development.
Tne 198' researcn and development program will focus on developing improved rapid,
reliable, and cost-effective techniques to be used for predicting transport, transforma-
tion, exposure concentration and adverse deleterious effects on human health and the
environment resulting from exposure to toxic substances. Research will be done on pre-
dicting, measuring, and determining the significance of exposure to commercial
chemicals, with the ultimate goal of preventing or reducing adverse human health
effects.
Research will also be conducted to develop measurement methods for identification
and quantification of trace leve1 toxic substances in the environment. In addition,
program emphasis will be on methods for measuring toxic chemicals in sediments, marine
plants and in the air. These methods are needed in measuring exposure concentration,
monitoring chemicals, designing control techniques and in enforcing regulations. In
fiscal year 1981 and beyond, the program will provide field assistance to obtain data to
validate testing protocols that have been issued and to assist in enforcement 3Ct1ons.
The 1982 R&D program has been planned 1n concert with the Agency's regulatory and
operational strategies. The program's central theme 1s chemical testing and assessment,
with each of the program's components (e.g., health effects or research on engineering
and technology) providing a unique contribution to the total research effort. More
specifically, the program is planned to help support the Office of Toxic Substances
multistage ri sic assessment process, one which is designed to systematical ly select chem-
icals for increasingly detailed levels of analysis. Using such an approach, judgments
can be made aoout the adequacy of available information and the need for control action.
To this end, tne RSD program will maintain its focus on developing and refining testing
and assessment methodologies for both exposure and effects data. Implicit in the pro-
gram's design is the use, where possible, of data from other research efforts, with a
view toward building on them and adapting them specifically to a regulatory perspective.
The outputs of the overall research effort will address problems posed by both
existing and new chemicals. These outputs are planned to support the development of
testing requirements and hazard assessment. The outputs have been prioritized in the
Research Committee in parallel with those of the Agency's regulatory and ooerational
components. The program will include emphasis on the premaricet notification process
noted in the previous section and on quality assurance in concert with the overall
emphasis on operationally Implementing TSCA.
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES (in thousands of dollars)
1981 Toxic Substances Program $103,992
Salaries and Expenses +3,424
TS-5
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SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(In thousands of dollars)
The net increase results from increases
in toxic chemicals testing (*3,0
nil 11on); toxic substances enforcement
(<•$. 7 million); and a decrease In toxic
substances strategy (-$.3 million)
Research and Development -512
The decrease results from decreases in
toxic chemicals testing, particularly
environmental processes ana effects.
Abatement, Control and Compliance -8,751
The decrease primarily reflects a
reduction 1n the area of, test standards,
public participation grants, and some
additional enforcement activities,
1982 Toxic Substances "rogram 98,153
SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES
1, Summary of Budget Request
A total of $98,152,800 is requested In 1982. This request by
appropriation account, is as follows:
Salaries and Expenses $37,127,000
Research and Development 23,676,600
Abatement, Control and Compliance 37,349,200
This represents decrease of $5,839,600 over the 1981 level. The decrease primarily
reflects reductions in intervenor and public participation grants, record keeping rules
and scientific data base development.
2. Changes from Original 1981 Budget Estimate
Changes from the budget are as follows:
Original 1981 estimate $109,492
Congressional decrease:
Travel -46
Consulting Services -271
SES Bonuses -17
ADP -858
Abatement, Control and Compliance -490
Research and Development... -3,003
Anticipatory Research -850
Reprogramming to radiation media for
Radiation Policy Council -129
Reprogramming to support Administrative
Law Judges -13
Transfer to support Office of the
inspector General -19
TS-6
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(in thousands of dollars)
Transfer from pesticides media to repay
"Sorrowed'' 1980 funos for Sllvex *2,000
Reprogranriing for authorized worlcyears -477
Reprogramming to support Three Mile
Island -200
'roposed pay raise supplemental *•108
Miscellaneous reprogrammings -93
March changes to budget:
T rave! -87
Consulting Services -168
Moratorium on Procurement of Equipment... -79
Equipment costs -832
Other contractual services -80
One percent transfer -1,526
Increases to fund PCSB *1,323
Miscellaneous reprogrammi ngs +7
Current 1981 estimate 103,992
Congressional changes to the toxic substances media include a reduction of $17,030
for SIS Bonuses, $853,000 for ADP, $46,000 for travel, $271,000 for consulting services,
$850,000 speciflced for anticipatory research and a general reduction of $490,000 frc.7.
Abatement, Control and Compliance and $3,003,000 from Research and Development.
A transfer of $129,000 was made to the radiation media for suoport of the
Radiation Policy Council. A transfer of $13,000 was nade to management and suoport for
the Office of Administrative Law Judges. A transfer of $19,000 was naae to management
and support for the Office of the Inspector General. A transfer of $2,000,000 was made
from pesticides to "repay" funds wnich were borrowed in 1980 for Silvex disposal.
An overall reprograuining throughout the Agency to provide sufficient salary funds
to cover autnorized worityears resulted in a decrease of $477,000 to this media. *ne
proposed supplemental for partial funding of the October 1980 pay raise wil! increase
the toxic substances media ay S408,000.
In accordance with 0M3 bulletins, the March 1981 cnanges are as follows:
travel (-$86,500); consulting services (-$167,500); and, moratorium on pro-
curement of equipment (-$79,100).
A one percent transfer authority decreases this media by $1,526,100.
Internal agency reprogrammings to fund PCSB deficits are as follows: equipment
costs (-$831,900); contractual services (-$79,900); agencywide increases (*$1 ,322,500);
and miscellaneous reprogrammings (+6,900).
ANALYSIS OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
Prior year obligations....
Congressional Changes...
Effect of March Changes.
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
(in thousands of dollars)
$90,237
-5,535
-1,442
$104,033
TS-7
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Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
(in thousands of dollars)
Proposed pay raise supplemental *408 ...
Reprograirti ngs -50 ...
Change 1n amount o' carryover funds available -5,009 -40
°rograr Changes *13,755 -5,839
Change in rate of obligations *1 1 ,669 -577
Total estimated obligations 104,033 97,577
(From new obligation authority) (103,983) (97,568)
{from prior year funds) (50) (9)
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASE TO OBLIGATION
The items discussed 1n the previous section -- congressional changes, pay raise
supplemental, ADP, consulting services, general reduction an anticipatory research and
reprogramnings -- result in a net decrease of $6,619,000.
The increase in budget authority in 1981 is to increase obligations by 513,755,000;
in ;9S2 the program is expected to decrease obligations by $5,839,000.
TS-8
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
PROGRAM LEVELS
TESTING AND EVALUATION
Testing Program
Test Standards Proposed....
Test Standards Final
Chemical testing proposed
Chemical Testing final...
No. of Chemicals Voluntari
Tested
ly
Actual
1980
13
0
13
0
Assessment of Existing Chemicals
Chemical Hazard Information
Profiles
Preliminary Risk Assessment
of cxi sting Chemicals
Risk Assessment Supporting
Regs of Existing Chemicals
Substantial Risk Notices
§ 8(e) Reviewed
Assessment of New Chemicals
Initial Screens of °MNS
Priority Risk Assessments
for New Chemicals
CHEMICAL CONTROL
hew Chemical Program
Test Market t«esptions
No. of PMNs Processed
No. of § 5(e)/5(f) Orders
PMN Notices Withdrawn
No. of § 5(h)(4) Exemption
Applications Reviewed
Existing Chemical Program
No. of Preliminary Risk/
3enefits Options Analyses...
No. of Regulatory Analysis
Supporting: Proposed/Final
TSCA Rules
No. of Regultory Analyses
Supporting Non-TSCA Actions
Exemption Requests
No. of Chemicals covered by
Significant New Use Rules
Proposed/Fi nal
37
56
285
10
42
298
2
10
Budget
Estimate
1981
15
12
43
10
67
26
16
392
16
8
4
» • •
27
Current
Estimate
1981
69
13
117
3
50
5
5
75
500
27
Estimate
1982
0
69
78
10
10
55
5
5
75
500
32
Increase +
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
-69
*56
-39
*7
1-7
+5
0
0
0
0
*5
50
50
60
~ 10
400
500
800
~ 300
15
4
6
*2
...
13
18
0
3
10
*7
3
12
42
+15
TS-9
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Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
INFORMATION INTEGRATION
Section B
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Rules
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Rules Promulgated
Other Information Activities
No, of Integration and Policy
Studies Completed,...,.., 11
No. of State Cooperative
Agreements 3
TOXICS MANAGEMENT
No, of Schools and Other
Buildings Evaluated for
Asbestos Hazards 1 ,800 ... 1,600 ... -1 ,600
Inspections Under
Section 4 ... 134 4 145 -14!
Inspections Under
Section 5 ... 188 56 225 -169
Inspections Under
Section 6 832 952 84? 1,010 -163
Inspections Under
Section 8 69 55 95 68 -2?
inspections Under
Section 12 ... 60
Inspections Under
Section 13 6 260 9 170 *161
22
6
33 33 0
4 0-4
TS-10
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
:cx;c S'jbst;n:es
Toxic Substances
Strategies
Budget
Cjrrent
Inc-ease -
Actua1
Estimate
Est mate
Esti-iate
Decrease -
1 980
1S?1
1981
1932
1952 vs. 19:
;ao11 a
rs in thoj
sancs)
iSErDD-iatiO'
Testing a-.j Evaluation:
Salaries and Expenses,,.
$5,732
S',242
$6,4=9
$7 ,939
~SI,480
^bate-ent, Control anc
Comoliance
18,613
23,182
23.242
12,863
-4.374
Chepical Control:
Salaries and Expenses...
4.<76
5,151
4,386
5.0K
-623
Abatement, Contra' anc
Conpl1ir:e
5,553
£.732
6,567
6,474
-112
I.-'or-jtior integration:
Sa'aries anc Expenses...
6,631
6,97?
7.769
6,259
-1 ,430
Aoate^ent, Control and
Conol 1 ar.ce
'.3,740
13,643
10,473
-3.175
7o*
-------
These are offset by decreases in the following areas: substantial reduction of our
public oartcipation programs, reduction in effort for the areas of test standards
and studies to support the Section A testing program, recordkeeping and reporting rules,
scientific data base development, and elimination of the toxics management regional
program.
Program Descr-ptio"
The toxic substances strategies subactivity comprises the testing and evaluation,
chemical control, and information integration elements. These elements cover the Agency's
testing, assessment, new chemical review, existing chemical control, economics, record-
keeping and reporting, data management, monitoring, toxic substances integration, and
industry assistance responsibilities under TSCA.
Testing and Evaluation - The goals and objectives of the TSCA testing and evalua-
ation program aim to increase efficiency and scientific credibility of toxic substances
program assessments and regulations. They are: (1) develop a cost-effective testing
scheme for determining experimental ly the health and envl ronmental effects of chemicals;
related to this goal is the annual review of all test standards and revision as necessary
to maintain an up-to-date comprehensive scheme; (2) obtain test data where required for
matting evaluations of rtsk and to assure the quality of data; (3) develop a scientifically
sound chemical assessment system; and (4) provide evaluation of risk and exposure required
to support toxic substances.
A major featjre of TSCA is the authority to require industry to test selected
chemicals for their possible adverse effects on health and the environment. Adequate
test data, currently unavailable for most chemicals, are a prerequisite to the evaluation
of a chemical's risk. Such evaluations are needed to define and implement appropriate
regulatory actions under TSCA and other statutes aimed at protecting health and the
envi ronment.
The testing authority of TSCA can be exercised by promulqating rules specifying the
chemicals to be tested and the "test standards" that are to be followed in performing
the testing. The test standards, which TSCA requires to be reviewed and updated annually,
specify the effects to be evaluated and the nature of the tests and test protocols to be
followed. EPA will propose a structure of test standards to be referenced in adooting
test rules for specific chemicals. These standards will first be based on existing
validated test methods, and then will be expanded to cover other effects such as neuro-
toxicity and overall ecosystem impacts. Based upon the required annual review, these
test standards will be refined and Improved.
!n response to the semiannual recommendations of the TSCA interagency Testing
Coirnittee (ITC) established by Section 4(e) of TSCA, as well as for other chemicals
-hose needs for testing have been identified through the evaluation process described
below. The Office of Toxic Substances determines the need for testing. If industry
will not conduct the needed tests than we will issue a Section 4 test rule which will
require the testing. Evaluating the hazards associated with production, use, and disposal
of chemicals to determine if such activities pose unreasonable risks Is the cornerstone
of the TSCA program. Certain evaluation efforts, such as evaluating "notices of sub-
stantial risk" submitted by industry as required by Section 8(e), evaluating citizen
petitions submitted jnder Section 21, and evaluating notices submitted by industry prior
to the manufacture of a new chemical as reguired oy Section 5 are based upon outside
input. Other evaluation activities, such as systematic identification and assessment of
potentially high-risk existing or new chemicals, are initiated by EPA.
Chemicals of concern identified through review of substantial risk notifications
and other sources will be entered Into a multistage hazard evaluation process, with a
decision being made at the end of each stage whether to continue on to the next, more
intensive stage of evaluation. Alternate decisions at a given stage include dropping
current consideration because of aoparent low hazard potential, subjecting the chemical
to testing requirements to fill critical data gaps, or referring the chemical to another
program or agency having authority to deal with any apparent hazards.
TS-12
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Chemicals having completed all evaluation stages will have received a fjll evaluation of
their sources, exposure potential, and adverse effects, as well as an investigation of
their existing regulatory controls and identification of possible control options to
reduce health ana/or environmental risk associated with their production, use, and dis-
posal. Such evaluations nay provide a basis for initiating suitable regulatory actions
under TSCA or other relevant authorities if Industry is unwilling to address tne un-
reasonable risk.
Chemical Control - The goal of the chemical control program is to protect human
health and tie environment by controlling new and existing chemical substances that
present unreasonable risks of Injury to health or the environment. This goal will be
accomplished through Implementation of the premanufacturing notification, existing chemi-
cal program, and imminent hazard regulatory provisions of TSCA. The major objectives
are determination of unreasonable risk based upon evaluation of chemical substances on
health, environnental, social, and economic factors; use of the least burdensome approach
to reduce or prevent unreasonable risk; and provision of all the economic analysis
necessary to implement TSCA.
One of the major functions of the chemical control program 1s to review notices
and Information regarding the manufacture of new chemicals and the manufacture or process-
ing of chemicals for significant new uses. This Includes review of the notices for
compliance with applicable rules and guidelines and for appropriate action on exemption
reauests, review of data in the notices and information gathered through data systems
searches and reporting requirements, determination of unreasonable risks, and tailng of
appropriate control actions informally and under TSCA, or recommending referrals to
other programs within EPA or other Federal, State, and local government entities. Signi-
ficant new use rules will be established for chemicals which require notification to EPA
of new uses determined to be significant based on exposure and other factors.
Another function o' chemical control is to review Information on the hazardous and
economic aspects of existing chemicals (those listed in the TSCA Inventory) ir order to
determine unreasonable risk and to select the most appropriate way of preventing unreason-
able risks to health or the environment. An additional function 1s to conduct economic
studies to determine If these actions can be supported. Testing and evaluation, reporting
and recordkeeping, and other special economic analyses are also part of the preparation
for control actions.
Information Integration - The TSCA infomation integration program 1s charged with
the respons ioi 11 ty of providing a program for chemical infomation collection, storaoe
and retrieval, and a cohesive Federal approach to Information collection ano support of
identifying and determining the most appropriate way to control unreasonable risks
associated with chemicals. Having these capabilities, it is also charged with providing
the information support to risk assessment, premanufacturing notification review,
chemical control and testing programs. Information integration support activities are
crucial to promulgating timely and defensible chemical control regulations and testing
rules. These objectives are met through programs that: (1) obtain chemical information
from the literature, or from industry using recordkeeping and reporting rules promulgated
under the authority of Section 8 of TSCA for assessing and regulating chemical hazards;
(2) promote agencywide, interagency, and international integration of toxic chemical
policy, information and chemical controls to ensure consistency in addressing and re-
solving toxics-related health and environmental problems; (3) develop and access compre-
hensive data systems and chemical data bases in order to reduce the information limita-
tions which constrain E°A's ability to deal with chemical hazards; (1) provide information
and analytic support to toxic programs for rule and standard development, risk assessment,
and review of new chemicals; and (5) keep industry, and the public fully apprised of
TSCA activities.
Toxics Management - The goals of the regional toxics management program are to
Implement selectee TSCA objectives at the State and local levels, and to provide limited
integration support to the Agency's regional implementation of Intermedia toxic substances
activities. The major objectives end functions to be accomplished
are:
TS-13
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- Providing expertise to State and local governments as they Implement the
Voluntary School Asbestos Program.
- Ensuring the provision of adequate, timely, and responsive information and
assistance to State and local government; and Industry within the region.
- Facilitating the use of TSCA-aathered and other chemical information by the
public, State and local government, labor and Industry.
TESTING AND EVALUATION
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency expended a total of $24,344,600 and 156 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $5,731 ,800 was for salaries and expenses and SI 8,612,S00 was
for extramural purposes. During 1980, considerable progress was made towards Implemen-
tation of Section 4. Test standards and test rules were in various stages of development
and proposal , Including 13 health test standards. The first test rule covering seven
chemicals was proposed with significant work being accomplished on two other test rules
covering nine Interagency Testing Connlttee {ITC) designations. However, for these and
one other chemical, industry has responded with several tests which may mitigate the
need for a rule. EPA lost a suit by the Natural Resources Defense Counsel (NRDC) con-
cerning what actions EPA must take within the statutorlly-mandated one-year response
period for the ITC recommendations. A court-approved schedule for EPA action on the ITC
chemicals was the result.
In 1980, the testing and evaluation program provided support to our new chemical
program conducting 298 initial screen evaluations on each of the new chemicals received.
For existing chemicals, the testing and evaluation program developed 37 chemical hazard
information profiles, prepared six preliminary risk assessments and completed 4 risk
assessments to support TSCA regulatory actions.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency nas allocated a total of $29,700,100 and 199 permanent workyears
to this program, of which $6,458,600 for salaries and expenses and $23,241,500 is for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In 1981,
our goal for Section 4 is to encourage industry to test high priority chemicals and
write Section 4 requirements when this 1s not possible. We are streamlining our Section 4
rulemaking process so that in the near future we will be able to extend our Influence to
the testing of a greater number of high priority chemicals. The Section 4(c) exemption
policy, proposed as part of the first test rule, details the procedures and conditions
regarding exemption from testing (both under the first test rule and subsequent test
rules). The exemption policy is expected to be promulgated in 1981. He plan to pro-
pose the 65 environmental and 4 health test standards developed in 1980. These will be
guides for Industry when they decide to test on their own initiative as well as become
the basis for test rules. The last component of the Section 4 testing program is the
reimbursement rule. This rule, which will be used to settle costs for testing equitably,
will also be proposed this year. EPA will take action to comply with the court-sanctioned
schedule for test rule action on the ITC chemicals.
In 1981, the multistage assessment process In the testing and evaluation program will
continue to support our new chemical program. Approximately 500 new chemical notices
are anticipated with 27 requiring full risk assessments In support of Section 5(e) or
Section 5(f) actions. Maintaining our 1980 momentum in the assessment of existing
chemicals, we plan to perform 5 preliminary evaluations of existing chemicals and 50
Chemical Hazard Information Profiles (CHIPs).
1981 Explanation of Change from Sudget Estimates
The net decrease of $723,500 results from several actions, as follows:
TS-14
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- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to
this activity is $43,900.
- The Conoress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $19,800
was applied to tnis activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $156,900 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of 57.5 million to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $447,600 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of S391.500
was applied to this activity.
- Ar. increase of $95,200 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise ana
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprograimings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $250,000 to pesticides - registrations ($144,600); special registrations
($49,300); tolerances ($48,600); and to pesticides use management ($7,500).
- ' reprogra-ning of $2,000,000 from pesticides "??AR reviews in order to repay the
Of'ice of pesticides and Toxic Substances for "borrowed" funds in FY 1980.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made in
order to fund PCS6 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is S16.000.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This one
aercent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from the Research and
Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation 1n order to fund PCS8 deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is SI,493,000.
1932 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $26,306,500 and 203 permanent workyears for this oro-
gran, of which $7,938,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $16,367,900
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This request reflects a net
decrease of S2,893,600 from 1981, primarily in the area of test standards and standards
to suoport Section i Testing Program. There is also an increase of 4 permanent wor*years
over 1981, the majority of whicn will be directed to the Section 5 premanufacture review
program.
In 1982, the Section 4 testing program will again be oriented toward influencing
industry to test high priority chemicals. The Section 4 testing program will be fu'ly
operational as will be the environmental and health test rules proposed in 1981. The
Agency also plans to promulgate the data reimbursement rule proposed in 1981. This r-jle
will encourage the private and voluntary allocation of the costs of conducting Section ;
test among the manufacturer and processors of the test chemicals and will provide a
framework for the efficient resolution of disputes that are referred to EPA. Efforts to
harmonize the TSCA health and envlronmental test standards will continue. The 13 test
standards promulgated in 1981 will undergo annual review as mandated by TSCA; the 69
test standards proposed in 1981 will be promulgated.
The assessment of new chemicals will receive our highest priority as we anticipate
receiving 300 new chemical notices. Our assessments of existing chemicals will emphasize
the preparation of Chemical Hazard Information Profiles (CHIP) documents and priority
reviews. A limited number of more advanced assessments will be conducted.
TS-15
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Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of 53,714,800 and nine permanent workyears from
trie January budget, of which $759,400 1 s for Salaries and Expenses and SZ,955,400 is for
Abatement, Control and Compliance, Output decreases in the area of scientific risk
assessments of existing chemicals,
CHEMICAL CONTROL
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, $10,028,900 and 103 permanent workyears were expended for this program.
Of this $4,476,000 were expended for salaries and expenses and $5,552,900 for extramural
purposes. The Agency analyzed comments received on the proposed premanufacture notifi-
cation rules and forms, and as a result, reproproseo the rules and forms in October. *e
received 400 notices proposing manufacture of new chemicals; 17 of these were subjected
to detailed review. EPA issued two orders under §5(e) to suspend production of 7 new
chemicals pending development of sufficient data for evaluation. In 10 cases submitting
companies voluntarily stopped the review period in order to test; to conduct further
assessments; or to present EPA with more information, or to withdraw their chemical from
consideration. Forty-two applications were received to exempt manufacture of new chemi-
cals from notification requirements during test marketing. Work was begun on a signifi-
cant new use statement under §5(a)(2) to provide industry with an explanation of EPA * s
approach to significant new uses. In addition, one chemical-specific Significant New
Use Rule (SN'JR) was proposed and work was initiated on two others to provide EPA the
opportunity to monitor changes in production volumes or potential exposures. More tnan
45 additional chemical substances were identified during review as candidates for SNURs,
A rule requiring schools to identify friable asbestos-containing material in school
buildings was proposed. A final Section 6(d) rule prohibiting aioxin-contaminatea
wastes from being transferred for disposal (without SO days advance notice to EPA) was
promulgated. Several applications for exemption from the ban on nonessential aerosol
propellant uses of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were evaluated and responses initiated,
and the Agency published an Advance Notice of Proposed Rule Making covering possible
approaches to restrict growth of manufacture of CFCs for non-consumptive uses. EPA
issued proposed rules to require removal of PC8 equipment from establishments involved
in manufacturing agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. USDA and FDA simultaneously
issued similar proposed rules affecting food and feed processing plants. EPA approved
the use of two industrial incinerators for PCB disposal; both are used by the companies
that own them solely for disposal of PCBs arising from their own activities. The final
rule banning the manufacturing, processing, distribution, and uses of polycnlorinated
oipnenyls was challenged in court ana remanded to the Agency,
Economic impact analyses or non-risk factor assessments were performed in support
of: Section 4 test rules and standards; Section 5 premanufacture notification rules,
processor reporting rules, and PMN reviews; Section 6 work on CFCs and asbestos; Section
8(a) "small business" definition, and Section 8(c) and 8(d) rules; and section 13
importer regulations.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $10,973,100 and 139 permanent workyears
to this program, of which $4,385,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $6,587,300 is for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, tn
1981, our new chemical program is a high priority activity as we set the key premanu-
facture notification provisions in place and provide guidance to chemical companies as
to what is expected of them. Thus far the review process has operated under interim
policy guidance indicating what information must be reported to EPA and how EPA intends
to handle the review of notices submitted. The final Section 5 rule will be promulgated,
providing both industry and EPA a clearer framework within which to operate. Regulatory
elements of our new chemical program that will be emphasized this year are issuance of
TS-16
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Section 5(e) orders, proposal of case-by-case significant new use rules (applied in
conjunction with Section 5(b)(4) risk listing), and Initiation of development of a proce-
dural Section 5(h)(4) exemption rule. Central to our new chemical program Is our review
of PMNs. As a result of the increase in the rate at which notices are being suomltted,
the orocess for screening and evaluating new chemicals will be 'inetuned to achieve the
flexibility and increased efficiency. We will also address the firs: Section 5(h)(4)
exemption application to establish a process and policy for receipt and handling of
industry requests for exemption from certain premanufacture notification requirements.
Another important component of our chemical control program involves the identifi-
cation and control of significant new uses. In 1981 we will publish statements concern-
ing SNUR's and 5(h) exemptions.
In 1981, emphasis will be placed on our effort to identify and critically evaluate
(and stimulate Industry to identify and assess) chemicals that are likely to present the
qreatest ris* and to respond appropriately. We will work to examine sectors of the
chemical-producing and handling Industries for possible or anticipated shifts in produc-
tion and usage trends. We will encourage those trends that indicate Increased assumption
of responsibilIty ay industry and discourage others through use of TSCA regulatory autho-
rities as appropriate.
Important chemical control regulatory priorities this year are to consider the need
for proposed restrictions on the growth in production or use of CFCs, and to propose
measjres to reduce numan exposure to other high priority chemicals. plans to
promulgate a 'inal rule reaulring identification of friable asbestos-containing materials
in school Suitings. The Agency has taken final action on applications 'or approval of
two commerical incinerators for PC3 disposal and a process for chemically destroying
°C3s in transformer oil. The Agency also expects to initiate a cooperative effort with
electric utilities, chemical manufacturers, and certain other industries to develop
information needed for new rulemaking to implement the statutory ban on PCB activities;
a judicial remand of the previously adopted rules has made new rulemaking necessary.
The Agency expects to take final action on several requests for exemption 'rom the ban
on nonessential aerosol propellant uses of CFCs.
The Agency plans to continue to conduct Its Asbestos Technical Assistance Program
which provides State, local, and private organizations with aid 1n assessing the signifi-
cance of asbestos exposure in buildings and taking appropriate corrective action. An
educational program to inform mechanics about the dangers of exposure to asbestos and
recommended work practices to limit exposure to themselves and nearby people in expected
to be initiated in cooperation with OSHA. Economic impact analyses or non-risk factor
assessments will oe performed in support of test rules proposed or promulgated under
Section 4; final Section 5 PMfJ rules, and PMN reviews; work on CFCs, PCB's, and new
initiatives; Section 6 work on CFCs, pCB's and new initiatives; and Section 8 definition
of "small business" and §8 rules. Studies will be completed on the first phase of the
Laboratory Availability, Indemnification, and the Risk-Benefit Methodology. In addition,
work on the reference document an Health and Environmental Test Costs will be initiated.
¦981 Explanation of Change From Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $910,900 results from several actions, as follows;
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
acti vity i s S31 ,500.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of
S391.500 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of S65.900 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
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- Reprogranmings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $250,000 to pesticides - registrations (SI 1 3,400); RPAR reviews ($97,500),
SPAR reviews - E!S preparation ($2,800); and to registration ($36,300).
- 0H3 Bulletin <81-7, January 24, 1981. "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of SI,795,900 is being used to fund
personnel compensation and benefits (PCS8) deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity 1s $45,900.
- 0M6 Bulletin *81-3, January 24, 1981, "Reduction In Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting and
delated Services," required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services; the
reduction applied to this activity is $145,700 which Is to be rescinded.
- 0M8 Bulletin <(81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", reauired aqencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000
is being used to fund 3CiS deficits. The reduction applied to this activity is $25,700.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is oeing made in
order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $65,000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
beino made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$21,500.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $11,487,600 and 153 permanent workyears for this
program, of wnich $5,013,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$6,473,900 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, This reflects an
increase of $514,500 and 14 permanent workyears over 1981 with an increase of $62',900
for Salaries and Expenses and a decrease of $113,400 in Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The majority of this increase will be used for the projected increase (-300) in our
premanufacture review program. About 800 notices of new chemicals are expected in 1982.
Data provided with notification as well as additional data received from literature
searches and reporting requirements, will be evaluated to select chemicals for detailed
assessment. The Agency will work with industry to encourage it to address its own pro-
blems and will take regulatory action on a small percentage of the chemicals evaluated.
The rules under Section 5(h)(4) for implementing exemptions from Section 5 requirements
will pe proposed.
SNURs will be developed to control significant new uses of specific chemicals or
classes of chemicals that were potentially toxic but were found to have low exposure
during the PMN review.
Rules proposed in i960 and 1991 will be promulgated as necessary, e.g. a rule to
effect abatement of exposure to friable asbestos in schools. The Agency expects to pro-
pose new rules dealing with the issue of whether certain uses of PC6s in electrical
equipment can be considered totally enclosed. The Agency also may undertake new rule-
making on the issue of whether there is a PCB concentration below which no regulatory
requirements are to be imoosed; on judicial review, the Agency's previously adopted
level of 50 parts per million was remanded. The Agency also expects to approve additional
facilities and processes for PCB disposal. Rulemaking will continue on chemicals selected
for control 1n 1981. Additional chemicals will be selected for control in conjunction
with the risk assessment process and from referrals of additional chemicals investigated
ana found to have potential for causing unreasonable risk.
Economic Impact analysis or non-risk factor assessments will be performed in support
of: final and oroposed Section 4 test rule packages; the final Data Reimbursement Rule,
and Evironmental and Health Test Standards; PMN reviews; final Section 6 CFC rule and work
or new initiatives; and Section 8 rules. In addition, the first phase of the Innovation
study will be completed.
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Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $913,800 and four permanent workyears from the
January budget, of which $763,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $150,000 is for Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance. Output decreases in the development of regulatory analyses
supporting rules that control existing chemicals.
INFORMATION INTEGRATION
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency expended a total of SI 9,828,200 and 151 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $6,681,400 was for salaries and expenses and $13,146,800 was for
extramural purposes. All components of the Information Integration program were opera-
tional. These include Section 8 recordkeeping and reporting, Agency-wide toxic substances
integration, chemical information systems and services, monitoring studies and analysis,
and assistance to industry. In 1980, the program:
- Issued a cumulative supplement to the section 8(b) Inventory of Chemicals in
Commerce, bringing the total number of substances on the inventory to nearly 55,000.
- Completed and *nade operational an on-line computerized system containing all in-
ventory chemical information not claimed as confidential. This system is available
to the 10 regional offices.
- Proposed a Section 8(a) rule to require manufacturers to submit basic information
on how and to what extent people and the environment are exposed to some 2,000
chemicals (many among the largest volume substances in the nation).
- Finalized the Section 8(a) PBB/Trfs rule requiring future notification to
manufacture.
- Proposed a Section 8(c) rule to establish a mechanism for alerting corporate,
labor, and government officials to potential chemical health and environmental
problems in the workplace by requiring companies to maintain records of allegations
of significant adverse reactions caused by a chemical and to report these
allegations to EPA upon request.
- Proposed a Section 8(d) rule that would gather unpublished studies of 61 cnemicals
ana categories, including all priority testing recommenaations received to date
from Section 4(e) Interagency Testing Committee (ITC), as well as asbestos,
benziaene-based dyes, styrene, dloxins, and chemicals used as solvents.
- Answered approximately 35,000 telephone requests from industry for technical
information about TSCA.
- Assisted small businesses who manufacture, imoort or process chemical substances
to comply with the premanufacture notice requirements.
- Worked In conjunction with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Develop-
ment (0EC0) to reach consensus on a minimum set of premarket data on new chemicals,
general principles of good laboratory practices (GLP), and 100 testing guidelines
to be used in evaluating the safety of new and existing chemicals.
- Brought initial hardware and software on-Hne for the Chemical Substances Infor-
mation Network (CSIN)--a system which will link numerous public and private chemi-
cal data bases for the use of industry, the public, State, local and Federal
officials, the medical professions and academia.
- Expanded charter for the Toxic Substances Priorities Committee (TSPC), enabling
the Committee to more readily Identify and resolve major EPA toxics integration
issues; established workgroups to review impacts and assess control options avail-
able to the Agency for six priority chemicals.
TS-19
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- Established computer data bases and an analytical capability to rapidly assess
on-going activities related to chemicals in EPA and other Federal agencies, to
assure consistency In dealing with chemicals of concern.
- Completed award or TSCA Section 28 cooperative agreements, providing funds for
establishing toxic substances information programs in the states.
19S1 Program
In 1991, the Agency has allocated a total of $21,417,300 and 152 permanent workyear
to this program, of which $7,769,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $13,648,100 is
'or extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In
1991, our program priorities, as discussed throughout this media, emphasize working
closely with otner programs having toxics control authority to develop ana oversee
implementation of an effective toxics integration strategy for tne Aaency. Tne mfor-
-lation and recordkeeping responsibilities must support not only our programmatic
needs but the needs of other health and environmental programs. This further emphasizes
our total program approach.
- In 1981, the Agency will Issue three final Section 8 rules. They are a Section
8(a) rule requiring manufacturers to submit basic information on how and to
what extent people and environment are exposed to certain priority chemicals;
s Section ?(r) ruie to reouir® companies to maintain records of alleged signi-
ficant ssverse "ejct'ois caus?'! by a chemical and to report to E^A 0" request;
and a Section 3(d) rule to gather unpublished studies on 51 chemicals ana
categories including all priority testing recommendations received to date
from the Interagency Testing Comnlttee as well as asbestos, benzidene-based
dyes, styrene, dioxins, and chemicals used in solvents.
Issue the 'inal Section 12(b) export notification rule.
- Maintain the TSCA inventory in our computer system, insuring security for
confidential business information and assuring access by each E°A regional
office.
- Complete a training effort to help regions and selected States better understand
and use the data base, as well as evaluating usefulness of the Inventory and
proposing ways to Increase Its usefulness.
- Provide all necessary literature searching, document control and trackino,
materials balance studies and exposure assessments to support test rule deve-
lopment, prenanufacturing notification review, risk assessment, and chemical
control.
Answer requests from industry for technical information or literature about TSCA,
Provide assistance to small businesses in complying with Section 5 requlrements.
- Develop and begin implementation of the Agency-wide Toxics Integration Strategy
to streamline all toxics activities undertaken by the Agency to promote coordi-
nation of EPA toxic activities. The strategy will, throuqh cross-media risk
assessments, control options analyses, economic analyses and other mechanisms,
reduce regulatory burdens on industry, and result In more efficient and effective
consideration of control options, both regulatory and nonregulatory, by the
Agency.
- Continue systematic analysis of Agency toxic-related decislonmaking processes
in an effort to develop Agency-wide consistency in dealing with toxic chemicals.
- Work (through 0EC0) to establish a set of labeling guidelines for chemicals,
to be adopted for international use.
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- Begin efforts in OECO to develop procedures for exchange of confidential chemical
information between governments.
Using the 1980 user survey/analysis, develop and put into operation hardware and
software which would allow CSIN users to access chemical information stored in
various data bases.
Expand the Chemical Substances Information Network by increasing tne number of
on-line data bases as well as the number of subscribers.
1931 Explanation of Change From Budget Estimate
The net increase of $798,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of S" million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction apolied to this
activity is 528,200.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $2,800
was applied to this activity.
- The Conqress reduced agencywlde consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $15,400 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,300; a
decrease of $9,800 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $78,000 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay *-aise and
1s included 1n a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- A transfer of $106,200 was made to the radiation media in order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
- A transfer of $10,400 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide addi-
tional resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance penalities
under Section 120 of the Clean A1r Act.
- 0MB 3ulletin <81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction", -eauired
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used to fund
personnel compensation and benefits (PCS3) deficits. The reduction applied to this
activity is $1,400.
- 018 3ulletin #81-9, January 24, 1981, "Reductions 1f Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting
and delated Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services;
the -eduction applied to this activity is $12,700, which 1s to be rescinded.
- 0MB 3ullet1n #81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorim on Procurement of Certain
Eouioment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000
is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this activity is $1,500.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is Deing made in
order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $123,600.
- An internal agencywide reduction of SI,790,800 to other contractual services is
beinc made in order to 'und PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
SI,300.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $1,033,900.
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1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $16,762,200 and 109 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $6,289,200 Is for Salaries and Expenses appropriat1on and $10,473,000
is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reflects a net decrease
of $4,555,100 and 13 permanent workyears with an decrease of $1 ,-430,000 in Salaries and
Expenses and a decrease of $3,175,100 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, The decrease
is m the area of public participation, recordkeeping and reporting rules, and scientific
data base development.
In 1982, the Important information and data gathering authorities of TSCA will
again be focused toward our total program approach. As In 1981, our priorities will be
to work closely with other programs when contemplating control regulations and ensuring
that our health and environmental programs also serve other user groups and to oversee
implementation of the Agency toxics integration strategy. Information Integration will:
- Continue to support testing, premanufacturing notification review, risk assess-
ments, chemical control regulation development and recordkeeping and reporting
rule development, using Information systems and services, monitoring programs and
industry assistance.
Oversee full-scale Implementation of Agency toxics integration strategy developed
during 1981, with special attention paid to reducing regulatory burdens on
industry, eliminating duplicative efforts in EPA and identifying and controlling
through regulatory and nonregulatory means, toxic problems posing the greatest
risk to health first.
- Build on general principles of good laboratory practices (GLP) negotiated during
1980/81 with the OECO, to achieve consensus on methods of implementation and
enforcement.
- Expand the number of CSIN users and the number of systems accessible through
CSIN; institute a system of user charges.
- Complete TSPC action on major cross-Agency toxics issues and on major chemicals
and industries of concern including: 1} preparation of control option analyses
on chemicals, chemical classes and industries of cross-Agency concerns, to
determine how a chemical 1s to be handled wltnln EPA; 2) continuation of the
chemical workgroups to ensure consistent Agency regulatory and analysis activi-
ties; and 3) initiation of several new workgroups for priority chemicals.
- Continue information assistance to national and local organizations. Including
community, labor and health groups, to educate and Involve those groups 1n
toxics issues and TSCA rulemaking.
- Track State legislation and prepare a compendium of relevant State statutes
enacted for the purposes of Investigating and controlling toxics chemicals;
this is to assist tnose States In the process of developing or amending programs
to control toxics.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $2,797,100 and 20 permanent workyears from the
January budget, of which $1,354,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,432,500 is for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance. Output decreases in the development of record-
keeping and reporting rules and scientific data base development.
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TOXICS MANAGEMENT
1980 Acco
-------
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meed on-&oard needs resulted
1n a net transfer of -$62,000 to pesticides use management ($40,100); toxic suostances
enforcement ($13,800); management and support - regional counsel ($13,000); financial
management ($13,700); administrative management ($16,400); and from solid waste hazardous
waste management regulatory strategies implementation ($35,000).
- A transfer of $5,000 from interdisciplinary NEPA compliance/EIA preparation -
new source discharge permit to support an interagency agreement.
- A transfer of $30,000 to toxic substances enforcement for PCB compliance
inspections and PCB and asbestos lab analysis.
- QHB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being
used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&8) deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is $2,400.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PC&B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $100.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made 1n order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$30,100.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity Is $97,500.
1982 Plan
No resources are requested in 1982.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $819,00 and 14 permanent workyears from the
January budget, which the regional toxic substances program has been eliminated for 1982.
The activities performed by the program will be assumed by the headquarters toxic sub-
stances program and the Office of Enforcement.
TS-24
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Toxic Substances Enforcement
Appropriation
Toxic Substances Enforcement:
Salaries and Expenses
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Total
Permanent Positions
Full-time Equivalency
Budget
Actual
1980
Budget Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1981
Estimate
1982
Increase
Decrease
1982 vs.
1981
(dollars in thousands)
$2,355
$2,711 $2,853
$3,555
-
S702
1,079
2,480 2,569
1,534
_
1C35
3,434
5,191 5,422
5,08S
-333
64
86 73
99
-25
81
95 86
106
*20
Budget Request
A total of $5,088,900 and 99 permanent workyears is requested in 1982 for this pro-
gram. Included In this total is $3,554,500 for Salaries and Expenses, and $1,534,400 for
Abatement, Control and Compliance. This reflects an increase of $701,700 for Salaries
and Expenses, and a decrease of $1,034,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. These
resources are to carry out the enforcement provisions of regulations implementing the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and to enforce the provisions of the Act. The in-
crease of 26 permanent workyears and the corresponding increase for Salaries and Ex-
penses are necessary because of the increased number of enforceable rules promulgated
under the Act wnicn will require enforcement in 1982.
Program Description
The EPA toxic substances enforcement program is administered pursuant to the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA). The toxic substances enforcement program engages in
response to toxic emergencies involving substantial threats to public health or tne en-
vironment and in taking appropriate action to abate such emergencies, through either
legal or administrative proceedings.
A major function of the toxic substances enforcement program is the inspection of
chemical manufacturing, processing, and distribution facilities whose activities are
regulated under the Act and its implementing regulations. Inspections of such
facilities lead to prosecutions of violators discovered during the inspections. Vio-
lators may be prosecuted either through administrative civil proceedings or by judicial
proceedings 1n which a court may impose a number of civil or criminal sanctions.
The toxic substances enforcement program is responsible for developing the enforce-
ment provisions of regulations implementing TSCA and for enforcing the Act. The
enforcement program, in part, assists in the development of regulations to control
specific chemical substances and mixtures and to assure the development and submission
of reliable data relating to toxic chemicals, and prepares and executes enforcement
strategies to implement these regulations.
1980 Accomplishments
Resources for this program were $3,433,500. Contracts in the amount of $1,079,200
were established for Inspection support, sample chemical analysis, and revision and
development of enforcement strategies.
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- Enforcement strategies were completed for Section 5 (new chemicals) Section 8
inventory, Section 8(c), Section 8(e), and for the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ban and the
Polychlorinated bipnenyls (PCB) ban regulations.
- A final overall TSCA enforcement strategy was developed, as was a final PC8
marking and disposal regulation enforcement strategy.
- Assistance was provided to the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances in the
development of new regulations, including health effects standards, good laboratory
practices for health effects, and generic TSCA labeling.
- Assistance was also provided in developing (1) draft ecological effects test stan-
dards, (2) inspection procedures for ecological effects testing under the projected rule-
making outputs of OPTS, and (3) enforcement strategies for Section 4.
- Regulatory audiences affected by all new TSCA regulations were identified, and
inspection procedures and regional Implementation guidance for new regulations were
developed.
- A penalty policy was completed, draft consolidated rules of practice were prepared,
and a draft PCB Inspection manual was completed.
- Program staff also participated in the PC8 exemptions hearings, and In the prepara-
tion of numerous inmment hazard cases involving illegal disposal handling, or treatment of
chemical substances. Inspections were conducted of CFC manufacturers.investigations ini-
tiated and cases prosecuted under Sections 6, 8(e), and 17. Assistance was provided to the
regions in developing and prosecuting enforcement cases.
- The regional staff responded to emergency Incidents, Inspected PCS and CFC es-
tablishments, conducted compliance monitoring activities under the Section 3(a) inventory
provisions, Investigated Instances of noncompliance with Section 8(e) substantial risk
notification, and developed and prosecuted enforcement cases upon detection of violations.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $5,421,500 for this program of which
52,852,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,568,700 is for extramural purposes under
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contract funds amounting to
$1,568,700 will be used for laboratory sample analyses, Inspectional support, and develop-
ment and revision of enforcement strategies. In addition, SI,000,000 in 1981 resources
will be used for the TSCA cooperative enforcement grants-in-aid program.
The 1981 toxic substances enforcement program will continue to have as its first
priority at both headquarters and the regional offices the initiation of enforcement
actions in emergencies involving substantial threats to public health, safety, and the en-
vironment. Headquarters staff will be responsible for the management and execution of
national programs to Implement or administer and enforce Section 5 new chemicals regula-
tions, Section 5 chemical control regulations (PC9s, CFCs and others 1n place in 1981, in-
cluding asbestos rules), and Section 8 reporting regulations. Headquarters will also
provide enforcement participation In regulation development directed by the Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, and for support to the regional offices in the develop-
ment and prosecution of enforcement cases. The establishment and management of a national
contract for Inspection and analysis functions will be a headquarters responsibility.
Techn1cal support will be provided to the regional offices in major enforcement cases.
Toxics Enforcement Policy Statements (TEPS) will be developed and published to alert the
public to major enforcements policy determination. Finally, a pilot cooperative enforce-
ment grant program with selected States will be developed and implemented by mid-1981.
Grants will be Initiated with five States, based upon the presence of regulated chemical
industries, esoecially those related to PCB, and the existence of appropriate State
statutory authority. A total of $1,000,000 1n 1981 resources has been designated for
this purpose.
TS-26
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In addition, the regional office will conduct 847 inspections related to Section 6
chemical control regulations including PCB marking and disposal, °CB ban, and CFC ban,
and 96 inspections of facilities subject to the requirements of Section 8 . In 1981, as
additional rules are developed and become enforceable for other sections, additional
inspections will be conducted under those sections. Enforcement cases will be developed
and prosecuted as appropriate upon the detection of violations.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net Increase of $229,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, 'resident Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 95-294); these revisions -esulted in a decrease
of i~ million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $15,700.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of 59,000 was
applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $12,900 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress aoolled a general reduction of $7 mil Hon to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation; a decrease of $42,000 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $2,300 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of 52,000
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $39,600 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of S3l",100 from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites-enforcement ($19,6005,
hazardous waste enforcement ($12,100); toxic substances management ($7,900); management
support - personnel management ($6,700), pesticides enforcement ($400); program manage-
ment ($4,100); from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites - abatement and control (25,100);
and from water ouality permit issuance ($4,200).
- A transfer of $153,000 from air stationary source enforcement ($1,900); water
ouality manpower planning and training ($4,000), permit issuance ($26,800), water quality
enforcement ($7,800); drinking water public systems supervision program assistance
($73,200), enforcement (59,300); and toxic substances management ($30,000),
- A transfer of $10,000 from air quality management implementation ($700); air
stationary source enforcement ($5,000); and water quality enforcement ($4,300).
- A transfer of $18,900 was made to the Office of Inspector General in order to
provide additional resources to that Office.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
requi -ed agerrcywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900 is being
ased to fund personnel comoensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity is $11,300.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs Is being nade
in order to fund °CSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $51,000.
TS-27
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- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
beina made 1n order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
S3,100.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropria-
tion Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations.
This one percent authority is being implemented by transferring funds from the Reseach
and Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order to fund °CSB deficits; the reduction
applied to this activity 1s $33,100.
- Agencywide Increases are required 1n order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is $148,500.
1932 PI an
The Agency requests a total of $5,088,900 for this program, of which $3,554,500
is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,534,400 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase of 26 permanent workyears is
necessary because of the increased number of rules promulgated under the Act requir-
ing enforcement In 1982. The requested resoure level reflects an overall decrease
of $332,600 due primarily to a decrease in the total amount of funds available for
tne pilot cooperative enforcement grants program, offset in part by an increase in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Approximately 51,034,400 is designated for
contracts and will include inspection support, laboratory analysis of samples, and
development and revision of enforcement strategies. A total of $500,000 in 1982
resources will be utilized to fund the TSCA cooperative enforcement grant pilot
program to selected States.
In 1982, the toxic substances enforcement program will again have as its first
priority tne Initiation of enforcement actions in emergencies involving substantial
threats to public health, safety, or the environment. Headquarters staff will parti-
cipate in the TSCA rulemaking process, in accordance with the projected rulemaking
outputs of OPTS, and develop enforcement strategies for newly-enforceable regulations.
Headquarters staff will also participate in litigation and obtaining injunctions
under Sections 5(e) and 5(f) of TSCA, and conduct certain compliance monitoring and
enforcement 'unctions under Sections 4,5(e), 5(f), and 6. Support for regional
compliance monitoring and enforcement programs under Sections 4,5,6,8 and 13 will be
provided, as well as the administration and monitoring of five pilot cooperative
enforcement grants-in-aid. Headquarters will continue to provide general program
management, guidance and evaluation. Including oversight and review of regional
toxic substances enforcement programs. Other activities include: developing and
managing extramural contracts; the development of outreach or other public participa-
tion programs; developing and presenting training programs; providing support to
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group (IRLG) activities; and developing and publishing
Toxics Enforcement Policy Statements (TEPS).
In addition to the above, the regional offices will conduct 1010 inspections of
facilities subject to Section 6 chemical regulations, including requirements relating
to PCS marking and disposal, PCB ban, CFC ban, asbestos, and other enforceable rules
as they are developed. The regions will conduct 145 good laboratory practices (GLP)
and test rule inspections for Section 4 testing regulations, 225 inspections under
Section 5 new chemical regulations, 68 inspections under Section 8 reporting require-
ments, and 170 Section 13 import Inspections. In all cases, enforcement actions
will be Initiated as appropriate.
TS-28
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Regional staff *111 assist headquarters 1n the further development and refine-
ment of the pilot State grant program. The five States wnich were selected for ano
initiated compliance monitoring functions under the terms of these grants in mid-1981
*111 continue to ee supported. State program activities will focus upon the regula-
tion of ?CBs; all enforcement actions will De developed by Epft,
Change from January Request
This reauest represents a decrease of S-577,500 and 13 pernanent woricyears from
the January pudget, all of which 1s for Salaries and Expenses. Section 6 asoestos
inspections. Section 5, inspections at ports-of-entry and at those facilities subject
to Section 4 test rule requirements will be limited. Regional support for State
grants, ADP maintenance, and public participations at outreach programs wil also be
limited.
TS-29
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
4ppr5pri at i oi
Scientific Assessments:
Salaries and Expenses
technical Information
and Liaison:
Salaries and Expenses......
Research and Development...
Monitonnq Systems and
Quality Assurance:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development...
He>l:r< E'fects:
Salaries ana Expenses
Research and Development...
£bv : -ome-tal EhCi neering and
Technology:
Salaries and Expenses
Research ana Development,.,
Environmental Processes and
Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development...
Stratospheric Modification:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development...
National Center for
Toxicological Research:
Research and Development,,.
Total:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development...
Total, Research and
Oevel apnent Program
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing and Assessment
Budoet Current Increase •
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1930 1981 * 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
(doMars in thousands)
$96
$91
$91
$92
-SI
2S9
" 3
231
235
14
1.838
2,861
1.802
1,980
1,688
1,310
2,015
2.672
*32"
~368
2,959
7,41?
3,760
9,039
3,313
6,673
4,466
7,207
¦1,147
*534
482
1 ,228
614
1 ,158
597
1,158
620
1.105
-3C
3.066
7,618
4,970
10,761
5,165
8,316
6.70?
7,273
•5,5*2
•l,543
134
1,261
193
1,219
138
1,212
145
397
-4 3
¦ 3!5
1,652
4,500 4,500 4.S00
8,866
22,040
30,906
11 ,711
28,674
40,385
11 ,331
24,186
35,517
14.330
23,677
38,007
~2.999
"-509
•»? ,490
TS-30
-------
Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
Permanent Positions
Scientific Assessments
2
2
2
2
Technical Information
and Liaison
£
4
4
i
Monitoring Systems
and Quailtv Assurance
26
29
29
32
~ 3
Sea ltd Effects
21
43
44
43
-1
Environmental Engineering
and Technology
12
12
11
12
~ 1
Environmental Processes
and Effects
53
89
87
79
-8
Stratospheric Modification .
• • •
3
2
2
Total
118
CO
179
174
-5
Pull-time Equivalency
Scientific Assessment
3
3
4
4
• • •
Tecfirical Infornjt ion
and Liaison
6
7
6
~ 1
Monitoring Systems and
Qualitv Assurance
31
35
35
38
~3
Health Effects
27
54
50
49
-1
Environmental Engineering
and Technology
12
14
14
15
~ 1
Enviornmental Processes
and Effects
74
109
122
99
-23
Stratospheric Modification..
1
3
2
Total 154 225 233 214 -19
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the ORD restructuring.
Buoget Request
The Agency '•ecuests a total of 538,007,600 and 174 permanent wortyears for 1982,
an increase of $2,489,100 from 1981. Included in this total is $14,331,300 'or Sala-
ries am Expenses and $14,331,000 for Research and Development, with an increase of
$3,001,200 and a decrease of $512,100 respectively.
Program Description
The program has been developed under the auspices of the Chemical Testing and
Assessment Research Committee. The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the
program are integrated Into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs
clearly focused on Agency research needs in this subject area.
The overall program's mi* of activities is Intended to contribute substantively
to the development of abatement, control and compliance assurance actions for toxic
substances. The goals of the program are directed toward achieving outputs
-------
A rajor thrust of this overall program is to develop and/or evaluate tests, tes-
ting methodologies and predictive capabilities and apply them within the Agency's
regulatory forum. Although health and environmental effects are of orimary concern,
the research to elucidate them and the preparation of testing protocols cannot oe done
without sound measurement and analytic methods. For this reason, the program includes
•measurement methods research. Similarly the program includes engineerino and technol-
ogy e'forts to elucidate the ways in which chemicals are produced, modified and used
-- where, which ones, and how much. Data of this nature provides a basis for estimating
anc predicting human and environmental exposures. Finally, the program includes an
identified effort to investigate the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion on health
and the biosphere.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually
in the following material.
s::ent:f:: assessment
19SC Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $96,100 for this sub-program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
- Draft Guidelines were formulated by which the Agency will conduct exposure
assessments
-------
update and maintain the Agency's list of carcinogens which is being used by Agency
program offices in development of regulations. Technical assistance will be g^ven for
the development of multi-media exposure assessments on chemicals considered high prior-
ity by the Toxic Substances Priority Committee (TS°C). The TSPC has the responsibility
for coordinating all media activities for a chemical with respect to possible regulatory
action. The program will also participate in TSPC and Interagency Regulatory Liaison
Group committee and work group activities dealing with carcinogenicity, mutagenicity,
and reproductive issues and provide oversight and review of major carcinogenicity,
mutagenicity and reproductive risk assessments to assure scientific consistency within
the Agency.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswaUing" the program structure presented in the 1931 President's Budget sub-
mission to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in
this suDmission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development
program, as well as the crosswalk o* resourcs itself, can be found in the Special
Analysis section of this submission.
The net increase change to this activity is zero. Several actions contribute
to this no Change, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, ^resident Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity is SSOO.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.S million; a
decrease of $800 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of 51,300 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise
and is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
1932 °1an
The Agency reouests a total of $92,200 *or this sub-program, all Df which is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This reflects a modest increase of S1.ZC0.
The scientific assessment program will update and maintain the Agency's list
of carcinogens which is currently being used by Agency program offices in the develop-
ment of regulations. Limited technical assistance will be given *or the development
of mulf-media exposure assessments on chemicals considered high prior-ty by the Toxic
Substances °rionty Comni ttee (TSPC). The program will continue to participate m
TSPC and Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group committee and work group activities
dealing with carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive issues. A limited over-
sight and review will be performed of major carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and repro-
ductive risk assessments to assure scientific consistency within the Agency.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $700 from the January budget, which is for
salaries and expenses. This decrease will result in decreased suooort for risk assess-
ment reviews.
TS-33
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TECHNICAL INFORMA'ION AND LIAISON
1980 Accomplishments
!n 1930, the Agency used a total of $291,700 for this sub-program, of which
$289,000 was for Salaries and Expenses ant! 52,700 was for extramural research activi-
ties.
!n 1980, the Technical Information Program supported the preparation and
publication of the Research Outlook, the Research High 1iqhts. technical information
plans and guidance, and other documents of general interest to the environmental
decision making coumunity. It also provided ORD with information systems necessary
to effectively plan and manage its research projects and resources. Specific
accomplishments in the area of toxics included:
duplication and dissemination of reports on:
° Hiodegradabi1ity studies with organic Priority 3ollutant Comoounds.
® XAD-2 Thermal Blank Determination.
- Conducting seminars on:
° Structure-activity Research and its applicability to 0°TS and ORD needs.
0 '
-------
- Continue the Regional Support Management Information System.
- Conduct ORD/fiegional Senior Staff Meetings and other liaison activities to
provide technical assistance. These w<11 include preparing reports, conducting
special staff ana col icy studies, developing regional problem statements, and
iaentifying research and technical assistance retirements.
- Develop ana implement a process to address the reseacn needs of State and
local government in the ORD planning process.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budoet Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswaUine" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget
suf?~issior to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected
in tms submission. The details of the -estructuring of the research and development
program, as *ell as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special
Analysis section of this submission.
The net increase of $1,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these
revisions resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPVs request 'or
Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity is S',200.
- fin increase of S3,000 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reorogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of S900 f'-om other activities.
- An internal ageocywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being
nade in order to fund PC4B deficits; tne reduction applied to this activity
$4,000.
- Tne Department of Housing and Uroan Development-Independent Agencies
Appropriation Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between
appropriations. This one percent authority is being implemented by trans-
ferring funds from the Research and Development and the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation tn
order to fund 9C&B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is S3.100.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the "CSB deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is $5,900 from program management.
1982 Plan
The Agency reguests a total of $299,700 for this sub-program, of which
$285,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $14,300 is for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This sub-progran will continue, tn 1982, to provide the same type of services as
in 1981. This includes the development and production of technical infomatlon products
to insure that research information is properly and adequately communicated to the
TS-35
-------
envi ronrnental decision making community. Specific products rl anned by 'he appropriate
Research Ccwiittee will be developed. Support to rwnaging systens which track ORC's
research projects and resourcs will be provided as will stronc liaison with regional
offices, o* a similar nature to that conducted in 1981.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $3,000 from the January budget, which is for
Research and Development. This decrease will result in reduced support to preparation
and dissemination of technical information publications.
MONITORING SYSTEMS ftND QUALITY ASSURANCE
193C ^ccc^iol shments
!n *930, the Agency used a total of $4,699,300 'or this subprogram, of which
SI.533,530 was for Salaries and Expenses and S2.850.S0C was for extradural research
activities.
- A study to determine the feasibility of linking several gas chromatograohs to
a Fourier Transform Infrared System was completed leading to a decision to
proceed with a prototype system. The new system should facilitate the analysis
of large nurfcers of samples at reduced costs.
- A sampling protocol for bulk asbestos was published to standardize duality of
data oPtained from tne asbestos
-------
- Current sampling techniques for air are not suitable for collecting polar com-
pounds, a major category of toxics of interest to the Agency. Thus development
of new polymeric substrates aimed at collecting polar compounds will continue
to be suppo-ted in 1981.
'9S1 Explanation 2* Chanae from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate colurrr are derived from
"crosswalkino" tne program structure presented 'n the 1981 President's Budget submis-
sion to the new structure as presented in the 1931 current estimate reflected in this
submission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development program,
as well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analysis
section of th", submission.
The net decrease 0* $232,900 results fron several actions, as follows:
Shorty after the 198! budget estimate was submitted. 3resident Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted
in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Exoenses. The
reduction applied to this activity is $7,900.
- The Congress reduced the anticipatory research program by $2.5 million; a de-
crease of $121,300 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced aaencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease o* S3,200
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced aaencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a decrease
of $8,000 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced aaencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of
$1,100 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $162,300 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay -aise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted In a transfer of $1,100 from other activities.
- A transfer of $200 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide add;-
tional resources to support a new program for instituting civil non-compliance
penalties under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
Transfer of $50,000 to realign support to all programs supported by wriat was
formerly anticipatory research funds; within the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, $700 to solid waste/non-energy, and within the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation, $49,300 to drinking water environmental processes and
effects ($49,200) and to toxic substances environmental processes and effects
($100).
- CWB Bulletin <81-"". January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction*,
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900
:s being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (°CSB) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activity is $8,300.
TS-37
-------
- OHB Bulletin *81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment, the total reduction
of S421.000 is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is S18,600.
- An internal agencywide reduction of S6,550,000 to equipment costs is being
made in order to fund 3CS8 deficits, the reduction applied to this activity is
S66.000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of 51,790,300 to other contractual services
is being made in order to fund PC4B deficits; the reduction applied to this
activity is 510.000.
Transfer of 56,200 to program management to realign DC4B costs within the
Office of Research and Development.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of 54,693,000 and 32 permanent workyears for this
sub-program, of which 52,015,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
52,677,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase SI,194,900 over the '981 request. The increase will
oernit the establishment of a quality assurance program specifically tailored to the
Agency's regulatory and enforcement activities.
- The quality assurance program will be focused on Toxic Substances Control Act
requests. Activities will include the development/preparation and repository
for the distribution of standard reference materials; the conduct of laboratory
comparison studies; on-site laboratory evaluation; and -nethods evaluation and
standards.
- A droplet detector for use with high pressure liquid chromatography will be
demonstrated.
- A field study will be conducted at a research site to further evaluate the
19S1 draft guidelines for validating stream models.
Efforts will continue on developing a broader range of polymeric substrates
for sampling polar compounds.
Support to the mandatory quality assurance program will provide technical
guidance, support J over view to assure that the Agency will have environmental
data that are aopropriate for the EPA needs.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of 570,200 from the January budget, of which
516,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and 554,200 is for Research and Oevel ooment. This
decrease will result in a less expansive base quality assurance program designed to
provide quality assurance as an integral portion of ORD's research program in support
of TSCA.
TS-38
-------
193C Accomolishments
In 1990, the Agency used a total of S10,376,600 for this sub-orogram. of which
S2.959.000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $7,417,600 was for extramural research
activities.
- A post-natal model for evaluating toxicity of the developing nervous system
has been designed and validated for collecting behavioral and neurophysiologi-
cal data which characterize central nervous system (CNS) damage resulting from
exposure to toxic substances.
- Dose response functions for a series of neurotoxic substances have been
determined 'or use in quantifying the relative sensitivity of four d'"erent
behavioral effects. The ability to quantify the effects of hazardous che-Tiica!
substances is a critical part of regulatory risk assessment because it allows
the selection of economically feasible regulatory test protocols which provide
optimum sensitivity.
- The effectiveness of a method developed for chemical substances which cause
cancer was demonstrated in experimental animal for 16 direct- and indirect-
acting chemicals.
- Data acquired during the validation of an in vivo prenatal toxicity screen
utilizing preaant nice, a method originally develooed in E3A health laborato-
ries, support the use of this testing methodology, in part, as a birth defect
and reproductive effects screening system. There is a potential utility of
this cost-effective screen for regulatory testing guidelines an^ standards.
- The search for more sensitive, reliable and economical birth defect tasting
has resulted in the development of methods to obtain fetal electrocardiograms
(ECG's). Changes in fetal ECG due to various toxic substances, pesticides, and
hormones have been recorded and characterized and their relationships to mor-
phological changes are being tabulated. Introduction of such techniques into
the chemical regulatory testing system greatly enhances the ability to detect
a harmful substance during development of early, subtle effects and often
leads to reduced time and cost to the chemical manufacturers and processors m
establishing chemical safety.
- The mouse lymphoma cell assay has been determined to have the ability to measure
separate types of genetic damages. This is significant because both gene ana
chromosomal mutations are known to contribute separately to a variety of diverse
conditions.
- Whole-animal tests to determine the effects of toxic chemicals on immunological
defense against tumor cells and against viruses were developed and are in the
process of being validated. Validation of the tests will be carried out with
ifimuno suppressant drugs which determine how immunologic screening test detect
effects of a broad range of chemical substances to be evaluated under TSCA and
other regulatory areas. The development of an immunotoxicological. tiered,
testing system is the ultimate goal. From the many methods available, the best
must be identified and evaluated by research procedures.
TS-39
-------
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $9,991,600 and 44 permanent work-
years, to this sub-program, of which 53,318,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and S6,673,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development Appropriation.
The 1981 program continues to focus on the development of specific research data
needed to support the guidelines and standards required under TSCA. The research in-
cludes the selection and validation of known techniques for screening broad ranges of
chemical types and large numbers of individual chemical substances with emphasis on
accelerating the advancement of the more promising techniques from the research
development state to a state of functional utility. The objective is to develop a
rapid, reliable, and inexpensive testing capability wtiicn can screen all essential
hj.uan 1 :'e systems for hamful effects. The major research being addressed is in the
••'allowing areas of:
- Acute, subchronic and chronic testing. This research concentrates on the
development and validation of test systems and selection of animal species
that serve as predictors of human disease processes which may be potentially
impacted, directly or indirectly, by chemical substances.
Reproductive effects and teratology testing. Screening methodology is being
defined to detect adverse effects on reproductive organs and reproductive
processes and to determine potential perinatal and early prenatal adverse
responses to chemicals which can result in developing offspring during
pregnancy and early infancy.
- Neurotoxicology and behavioral effects testing. Short-term testing metncds
using indentification of specific neuroohysiological, neurochemical, and
neurobehavioral changes are being developed to screen for the effects of
toxicants upon the functional and structural integrity of the nervous system.
- Mutagenicity testing. This research will continue to develop and refine the
tiered, short-term genetic damage testing scheme which consists of a -natrix
of screening and confirmatory tests employing Dacteria, yeast, plants insects,
isolated mantnalian cells, and whole animals.
- Carcinogenicity testing. Appropriate short-tern tests to be included in the
three-tiered cancer testing matrix are being established. The tiered chemical
testing system will permit (1) inexpensive tier-one screening to detect poten-
tial cancer-causing chemical substances, (2) tier-two confirmatory testing
with bioassays which are still relatively short in duration and low in cost,
and (3) longer-term tier-three risk estimation laboratory studies which will
permit quantification of the degree of health risk to the human situation.
- Metabolism. Research in this area evaluated testing methods to determine which
laboratory animal test species proximate the human response, the chemical
reactivity of metabolic intermediate compounds, and the interaction of metabolic
intermediate compounds with DNA which can serve as presumptive test evidence of
cancer or genetic damage at the first (screening) level of testing.
- Epidemiology. The research attempts to explain the cause and determinants of
disease where pre-existing human exposure situations can be found. Although
only a select number of chemicals are found in situations which can be studied
TS-40
-------
epidemiological^, these epidemiological studies provide important chemical-
specific information and are a vital part of the validation of animal and
cellular test systems.
1951 Explanation of Chance from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate column are der:vec frcn
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget sub-
mission to the new structure as presented in the 1931 current estimate reflected in
th>s sutmssion. The details of the restructuring of the research and development
program, as well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special
Analyses section of this submission.
The net decrease of S2,806.700 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1531 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter trans-
mitted revisions oe tne auget (House Document 96-294): these revisions '^suited
in a decrease of S7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity is $11,000.
The Congress reduced the anticipatory research program by $2.5 million; a
decrease of $649,300.
The Concuss reduced agencywide travel costs by <850,000; a decrease of S3.200
was applied to th
-------
- W8 Bulletin *81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction
of $421,000 's being used to fund PCS8 deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is S30.000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,500,000 to equipment costs is being
made in order to fund °CSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
5335,500,
1982 "Ian
The Agency requests a total of $11,673,200 and 43 permanent workyears for this
sub-program, of which 54,466,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
S?,207,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation,
This reflects an increase of SI,681,600. Activities such as test development and
application in the areas of neurotoxicology and genetic toxicology deferred in 1981
will be resumed. This restoration will provide data for regulatory determinations in
areas where such information is extremely limited.
This sub-program will continue to emphasize the development and refinement of
testing protocols for determining the adverse health effects of commercial chemicals.
Tne biological testing indicators of harmful effects being addressed cover a variety of
physiological, biochemical, morphological and other effects relating to specific organ
or life system toxicities. In addition, advancing the state-of-the-art for predicting
carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity is a major concern. A closely related
goal is the validity and accuracy of tests and testing methodology which are raoid and
economically feasible. The data from this program will be used cor regulatory testing
standards and guidelines and for the risk assessments needed for regulatory determina-
t tons.
Research will focus on development and validation of testing methods for use in
the Tier I Tier II portions of the three-tiered testing schemes for chemical substances.
Emphasis is olaced on accelerating the development of promising techniques from the
research and development state to practical utility. Research in this area will include
neurotoxicology and behavioral programs for the development of methods to screen the
effects of toxicants upon the functional and structural intergrity of the nervous
system using observations which can be defined by a recognizable biological change.
Researcn will include studies of human reproductive effects, and teratology studies to
define screening methodology to determine potential perinatal and early prenatal adverse
responsiveness to manufactured chemicals. Risk assessment research will encompass the
use of information on the biological of mechanism action and the activity of chemical
substances as well as a study of the relative importance of uneven numbers of chromo-
somes in genetically-mediated disease.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $242,600 from the January budget, of wnich
$35,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and $207,000 is for Research and Development,
'his decrease will result in reduced effort in developing tests for reproductive effects
of toxic substances.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $1,710,200 for this sub-program, of wnich
$481,800 was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,228,400 was for extramural research
activities.
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- The destruction of PCS in industrial and utility boilers was investigated which
determined the destruction efficiencies, developed control technologies, and
established test burn protocols.
- Conceptual design, operations guidelines, and preliminary environmental assess-
ment of offshore hazardous waste incineration facilities were conducted to
develop the knowledge of offshore hazardous waste incineration technique.
- An optimization demonstration for removal of asbestos by baghouse, and assess-
ment of asbestos of road surfaces, and an ORD asbestos research status report
were completed which all contribute to the solution of the asbestos problem.
- Development of organic chemicals producers data base was initiated for
review and other purposes.
- More than 300 PHNs were reviewed.
- Reference manuals on dioxins were completed, which cover the sources, exposure,
transport, control, analytical methods, and assessment of dioxinforming chemical
processes.
- Development of orocess alternatives and evaluation of chemical substitutions.
The generic unit process technology and pollutant assessement work being under-
taken. This work provides data for the estabHsh-ient of J predictive node'
which leads to identification of potential uses and the associated risks and
substitutes and manufacturing processes for existing and new chemicals to be
regulated by the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances {OPTS) under TSC4
Sections 5 and 6.
1981 prooram
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of 11,754,000 and will 11 permanent
workyears to this sub-program, of which $596,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and $1,157,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Develop
ment Appropriation.
Major Activities support in this portion of the program will:
- Provide expert PNN review.
- Assess alternative disposal -netnods for PCBs, document and correlate PCB de-
struction with conbustion efficiencies in high efficiency boilers, and develop
alternative non-thermal destruction methods for PCBs.
- Initiate asbestos study on commercial products and additional support
work for the OPTS programs.
- Assist in the development of agency policy and strategies for reducing
chlorofluro carbon (refrigerant) use.
- Develop and maintain the data bases and other services for PMN review and
chemical control actions.
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1981 Explanation of Chanoe from Budaet Estimate
'he resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"c*-osswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 'resident's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in the submis-
sion. The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as
well as crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of
this submission.
The net decrease of $17,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, ^resident Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-291); these revisions resultei
in a decrease o* S7 million to £°A's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity is S3,200.
- An increase of $7,800 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogratimings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $800 to other activities.
- A transfer of S2.700 was made to the Administrative Law Judqes to provide
addtional resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncomollance
penalties under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
0*8 3ulletin #31-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 r,"3ve' deduction",
reauired agencywide reductions to travel, the total reduction of $1,795,900
is being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (°CSS) de'icts.
The reduction applied to this activity is $2,100.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to eauioment costs is being
made in order to fund ?CS8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$1,300.
An internal agencywide reduction of SI.790,300 to other contractual services
is being made in order to fund PCS8 deficits, the reduction applied to this
activity is $13,900.
19S2 Plan
The Agency requests a total of SI,728,300 and 12 permanent workyears for this
sub-program , of which $620,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses Aoorooriation and
$1,107,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation,
a decrease of $25,700.
The research activities will;
- Continue to emphasize the "new chemical" manufacture pollution predictive model.
This model is based on the unit process approach and will provide information
such as the manufacturing processes, distribution and use patterns, waste
disposal methods, and control options for a specific chemical. Together with a
viable analytical model, it will predict human risk as the chemical product
moves through commerce.
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- Continue source characterization and estimation of the environmental release
of asbestos from the use and disposal of commercial products.
- Continue correlation of PCS destruction and fuel combustion efficiencies
and assessment of laternative disposal methods for PC3s.
- Focus on developing alternative oanufacturmg methods and process conditions
to reduce the occurrence of toxic product contaminants.
- Evaluate the possibility of developing substitutes for chemicals that oose
toxic threats.
Cnanqe from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $49,100 from the January budget, of which
S4.50C is for Salaries and Expenses and S44.5Q0 -
validation of exposure assessment models.
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- Soil microcosms have been developed and evaluated for assessment the fate and
effects o* toxic chemicals in terrestrial environments.
- The effects of different environments and the biodegradation characterizatics
of microoial communities have been determined for methyl parathlon, pentachloro-
pneno', and p-nitro phenol using the ECO-CORE water/sediment test system.
This Information will enhance the standardization of this test system and
fjrther its application for the production of fate and transport information
for regulatory decision maMng by the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
- A series of acute toxicity test were conducted by EPA and contract laooratories
using three species. The tests will enable the Office of Toxic Substances to
estimate variation In results from tests conducted In the participating labo-
ratories under identical test conditions, and determine the precision of
toxicity tests on aquatic animals. With this infpraatlon, the Office of Toxic
Substances should be better able to evaluate data submitted by industry 1n
response to TSCA.
1961 Program
in 1981, tne Agency has allocated a total of $13,980,SCO to this sub-program, of
wm;n $5,15-1,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $8,315,900 is 'or
extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
These resources are assigned to develop improved, validated, and cost-effective
methodologies for characterization and measurement of toxic chemicals; for ore-dieting
transport ana fate of toxic chemicals in the environment; and for defining exposure
and hazards associated with toxic chemicals to environmental species and ecosystems.
The main research objectives In 1981 are to (1) develop improved techniques for
Identification and quantification of trace level toxic chemicals 1n air, sediment,
plants, and marine systems; (2) develop methodologies and validated models for predic-
ting movement, transformation, exposure, presistence and bioaccumulation of chemicals
in air, water, estuarine-marine, terrestrial and biota environments; {3) develop metho-
dologies for defining toxicity and hazard of chemicals to ecosystems; and (-i) develop
methodologies and models for defining human exposure to environmental toxicants. These
methodologies will contribute the risk assessment process under Sections 4 and 5 of
TSCA.
Tne :iajor areas of research for the 1981 Environmental Processes and Effects
Research program include: technical assistance, protocols for fate testing ane environ-
mental process characterization, development of toxicity test, round robin testing,
structure activity exposure assessment, bioaccumulation models, food chain models,
microcosm technology, specialized test development, interspecies interaction research,
ana behavioral tests.
°rotocols for Fate Testing and Env1ronmental Process. The availability of a
series of standard characterization tests protocols for fate testing and orocess
characterization of chemicals in the environment is necessary for the implementation
of Section(A) and Section (5) of TSCA. The research objective 1s chemicals which can
De used in testing chemicals, and generating information for building exposure assess-
.T*nt mooels. several examoles are:
- Determination of the in vitro oxidation/reduction relationships in chemical
and biological systems, describing adapatlon of specific systems.
- Evaluation of the relationships in degradation of toxic chemical in soils.
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- Determination of environmental factors affecting microbial adaptation and the
role of marine microorganisns and their associated conmunities in controlling
and a"ectino hydrolysis, sorption/desorrtion processes, bound residue trans-
port, and biodec^adtion as related to improving and using tierred fate testing
programs.
- Completion of protocols for defining leaching of chemicals in soils, and com-
paring batch sorption, soil thin layer chromatography and column methods.
- Development of models to predict bioaccumul ation of chemicals in fish.
Development o* Toxicity Test. The availability of standard for defining toxicity
of chemicals to aquatic, terrestrial, and test estuarine marine species is necessary
*or implementation of Section (4) and Section (5) TSCA. Development, validation,
and improvement of these is anticipated to be a continuous need of OPTS for the next 5
years. Some of tne activities for develoment of these toxicity tests include:
- Development and validation of tests for assessing resistance to and recovery
from toxic chemicals in a soil-plant system.
Development of methods 'or measuring and predicting e'fects o* more than one
toxic chemical of aquatic species with special emphasis on defining chemical
interactions.
Pound Robin. Research to validate tests for determining toxicity and effects of
chemicals to env>ronnertal species is being conducted via round-robm testmc -nvolving
•PA and nor.-EPA 1 aboratories. These tests will be incorporated into Section (i) and
Section (5) tests rules and standards under TSCA, ana thus are a nigh priority to OPTS.
Structure Activity. The structure-activity concept for predicting fate and effects
of chemicals, based or. structural characteristics, physical-chemical properties, toxicity,
transport and transformation characteristics, and certain electronic parameters of
the chemical, will be further developed. The structure activity concept will provide
OPTS with a rapid evaluation technique, and is necessary to enable OPTS to provide an
evaluat'on of new chemicals within 90 days after submission by industry, as mandated
¦jnder Section '5) of TSCA. Major activities m this area cf development include:
Development of the ability to predict microbial degradation of one class of
organic chemicals on the basis of chemical structure.
Determination of the feasibility of a structure activity concept for predicting
adsorption, hydrolysis and biodegradation of chemicals in aquatic and terres-
trial environments.
- Development of a biodegradabil ity data base for toxic chemicals to be used in
developing structure-activity concept for predicting biodegradabi1ity rate of
chemicals.
- Developing the structure-activity concept for two classes of chemicals in
order to predict effects to aquatic species.
Determination of the reaction and fate of toxic chemical compounds from smog
cnaroer studies using data to develop structure-activity relationships.
Development of a data base for rate parameters and reactivity of chemicals in
air, to be used in structure activity develooment.
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- Examination of relationships between partition coefficient High Pressure liouid
Chromatography and bioaccumulation of selected compounds in marine system.
Ver-fy conceptual -icdels aeveloped in freshwater with marine systems.
Exposure Assessment. A major research objective in 1981 is to increase the preci-
sion and accuracy of oredictive techniques used to estimate the exposure concentrations
of chemicals in various compartments of the environment. A knowledge of the concentra-
tion of chemicals in the environments is critical to the determination of the risk
which chemicals nay pose to humans and the environment as required under Section (41
and '5! of TSCA. A multi-1aboratory program has been initiated to develop models
with predict the concentration of chemicals in the ambient environment based upon the
r"ys'cjl-chemical properties, transport and transfci—iat •.or. chacten sties, and the
::tal input o* a chemical. Validation of the improved "tide's will be carried out •«
laooratory microcosms and *ield channels. Some of the activities ir. th-$ 3rea incVjae:
Development of reined and improved freshwater EXAMS based on laboratory and
field evaluation results, and inclusion of additional transport, transformation
and degradation processes.
Identification of current air quality matheriatical models or modeling techniques
wnicn can nanale toxic substances in tne at.mosonere.
Evaluation and recommendation of specific models to estimate human exposure to
toxic substances in the air.
Determination of the conceptual framework for a model of continuous 'low micro-
cosm.
Bioaccumulation Models. Moaels are being developed to predict bioaccumulate on o*
chemicals in plants and animal species in freshwate*-, marine-estuarine anc terrestrial
environments, '.n addition to providing input for food chain models, the bi oaccumul at ior.
data will provide risk estimates necessary for TSCA Implementation. Some soeci*'c re-
search activities include:
- Development of models for predicting bioaccumulation of chemicals in
aauatic plants, and terrestrial plants and animals.
Development of models to predict bioaccumulation of chemicals ir fish.
rood Cham Models. Research is betnq conducted to develop rapid simple and cost-
e'fective techniques to predict bioaccumulat ion and effects of toxic chemicals via
food chain systems. Emphasis is on the development of models capable of defining the
impact of chemical contamination in the food web. Food chain model research -s a mui-
ti-1aboratory effort covering freshwater, estuarine-marine, and terrestrial media.
Activities in this area include:
- Evaluation of the exposure of humans to contaminated Great take fish through
the aouatic food chain, and estimation of health significance.
- Tracking the transfer of a toxic compound in a single estuarine prey/predator
food chain as influenced by variations in chemical concentration and orqan'sn
numbers.
Microcosm Technology. Laboratory ecosystems and microcosms are being developed
to predict fate, effects and movement of chemicals. Microcosms will be used to validate
exposure assessment and other models. The major activities will include:
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- Development of simple aquatic microbial ecosystem for screening toxic materials.
- Determination of processes and rates of transfer of toxic chemicals within
sediments.
- Development of improved experimental aquatic ecosystems for exposure model
evaluation and validation.
- Development of the use of laboratory microcosms for predicting leaching adsorp-
tion and volatility of toxic chemicals.
- Development of a Monticello Minnesota stream channel microcosm study.
Specialized "est Development. The development of specialized tests Qased upon 'ai
Mocnemical ana physiologic in v;trp tests fo^ acute and chronic ejects and eval-
uation of multiple chemicals exposure, for defining hazard of chemicals will provide
rapid and more cost-effective testing methods.
Interspecies Interaction. Interspecies interaction research is designed to de-
cost-e'fective orocedures based upon multiple soecies assays and 's necessary to
Jeveloc iveficds for estimating toxicity at system and coranunity levels.
Behavioral Test. This area of research, which 4s designed to provide methods 'or
rapid screening of chemicals, is the development of behavioral effects of chemicals to
fish. Sfesearch in this area includes:
Design of a laboratory preference-avoidance system, and preparation of a behav-
ioral testing protocol and supoort document.
- Development of methods for defining predator-prey interactions 'or aquatic
systems, using aquatic species identified by OPTS.
'.9SI Explanation of Change from 3udget Estinvate
Trie resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived
frpm "crosswalking" the program structrue presented in the 198! Presidents'* Budget
submission to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in
this submission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development
program, as well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be 'ound in the Special
Analyses section of the submission.
The net decrease o' 51.750,400 results from several actions, as follows:
Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter Trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted
in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction apol led tc this activity is $17,300.
The Congress reduced the anticipatory research program by $2.5 million; a
decrease of $79,600 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress '•educed agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of S5,100
was applied to this activity.
"he Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $15,600 was applied to this activity.
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The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,00; a
decrease of 52,300 was applied to this activity.
The Congress apolied a general reduction of $12,214,000 to the Research and
Development appropriation; a decrease of SI,200,000 was applied to this activit
The Congress reduced agencywide A0D services by S2 mi 11 ion;a decrease of S53.30
was applied to this activity.
An increase of $61,100 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
Reorogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted m a transfer of $7,800 from other activities.
A transfer of $22,800 was made to the radiation media in order to support the
Radiation "olicy Council.
0ME Eulletin *51-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reductior",
reouirec agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 ;s
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCAB) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $9,600.
0MB Bulletin #81-8, January 24, 1981 , "Reductions in Fiscal Year 1981 Consultin
and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting
services; the reduction applied to this activity is $5,200, which is being
redirected to fund ?CSB deficits.
0ME 3uiletin *81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction
of $421,000 is being used to fund ?C8B deficits. The reduction applied to
this act:vi ty i s $3,200.
An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being
made in order to £und 3CS8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$168,900.
Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSE deficits; the
increase aoolied to this activity is $39,900.
A transfer of $200,000 was made to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts
on Love Canal.
Offsetting transfers of $394,400 were made to realign support all program
supported by what was formerly anticipatory research funds; $394,400 was trans-
ferred within the Salaries Expenses appropriation, from i nterdi sc lpl i nary-
exploratory research; $394,400 was transfer within the Research and Development
appropriation, to interdisciplinary-exploratory research ($378,400), to
toxic substances TOnitoring systems and quality assurance ($100), and to toxic
substances health effects ($16,100).
Transfer of $70,800 to toxic substances health effects, to realign contract
funds.
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1982 °1an
The Agency requests a total of S13.980.100 and 79 permanent workvears for the
sub-program, of which S6,706. 700 is for Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
$7,273,400 is for extramural purposes jnder the Research and Oevelopment Appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $400.
The major areas of research for the Environmental Process and Effects Research
°roaran wi11 include: protocols for fate testing; structure-activity; exposure assess-
ment models; vslidation of toxicity tests; ecosystem process methodology; methods for
avoidance behavior, interspecies interaction, specialized test development; microcosms;
bioaccumulation models, fooa chain models, and human exposure.
Protocols for ^ate testing. Development of improved orotocols for testing the
onvironmental fate of toxic chemicals will include: completion of protocols for defining
leaching of toxic chemicals in soils, in order to provide method for predicting the
contamination of sub-surface waters by toxic chemicals, and development of protocol and
data base for photolysis of chemicals 1n air, including the development of predictive
methods for defining potential ozone depleting chemicals. Methodologies will also be
developed for determining the fate of chemicals, including: (a) studyno the effect cf
catalytic processes, sediments, and naturally occurina substances (algae) on sydrolys's.
pntolysis. oxidat'on, and microbial deof-adit'on rates. Special emphas's will be nleced
on oe^s1 stence of interred ¦ ate decadat ior products, 'B) quantitative methods *cr
aescribing the biodegradation of toxic chemicals
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Ecosystem Process Methodology. Key ecosystem processes, which can be used to
develop screening methods, nultispecies test, and to define ecosystem stress due to
chemical exposure, will be identified. Tests for defining e'fects due to multiple
cneniical exposure, and the effects of chemical on ecosystem nitrification, arrmonifica-
tion, and nitrogen fixation will be develooed. Techniques and criteria will also be
developed for measuring ecosystem stress due to toxic chemicals and the capacity of
the ecosystem to recover from the perturbation.
Methods for Avoidance Behavior. This area of research is designed to provide
nethods for rapid screening of chemicals based on the behavioral effects of chemicals
on fish. Methods for assessing the effects of toxic substances on the predator-prey
interaction will evaluated.
Interspecies Interaction. Research or species interaction will continue to develop
cost-effective procedures necessary to develop methods for estimating toxicity at the
ecosystem ano community levels.
Specialized Test Development. Specialized tests using in vivo and in situ assays
for defining cytogenetic damage in marine organisms due to toxic chemical exposure will
be evaluated. Additional specialized tests will be developed based uoon physiologic and
biochemical responses, ana using in vivo test to assess acute and chronic chemical ef-
fects (including aerobiology).
Microcosms. Labortory ecosystems and microcosms will further developed as cost-
e'fective screening devicies for defining and predicting the fate and effects of chem-
icals. Emphasis will be placed on Standardization of ecosystems, reproducibility.
Laboratory microcosms will used to test EXAMS and other exoosure assessment model.
Improved terrestrial microcosms for validating exocsu-e models and defining fate and
effects to toxic chemicals will be devloped. Two chemicals will be completely tested.
Freshwater microcosms using complex laboratory streams for predicting biological effects
of toxic chemicals in aquatic coronunities will be develooed. Toxic chemicals will be
tested in laboratory microcosms to define transport and transformation in both saturated
and unsaturated soils.
Bioaccummulat 1 on Models. Models for defining bioaccumulation potential of toxic
chemicals in organisms will be advanced, and used in risk estimation. Mathematical
models for predicting the bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals in aauatic plants will oe
developed, using chemical uptake, transport, and transformation as parameters. Math-
ematical models for predicting bioaccumul ation of toxic chemicals in terrestrial plants
and animals will be develooed, considering chemical uptake and organisms metabolism.
Mathematical models for predicting biaccumulation in aouatic animals, will be developed
based on animal metabolism, and chemical release and interaction.
Food Chain Model. Measurement techniques for estimating concentration of toxic
chemicals in food chain systems will be develooed. The work will include model develop-
ment, identification of chemical uptake and accumulation pathways in freshwater
terrestrial, and marine food webs; and validation using available data.
Human Exposure. Hunan exposure to selected toxic chemicals present in the
ambient environment in the 'lew Jersey Area will be measured in order to define 'njury
to human health as reauired by TSCA. The research activities wi 11 emphasize measurement
o* toxic chemical consentration in air, water, the food chain, and soil incorporation,
in order to define total human body burden and
risk.
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Change from January Request
This reauest represents a decrease of 5331,000 from the January budget, of which
S3l ,000 is for Salaries ana Expenses and $350,000 is for Research and Development.
This decrease will result in a cutback in trie areas of environmental exposure ana
effects research along with a decrease in methods development efforts.
stp;tqsph£r;c modification
I960 Accomplishments
In 199C, the Aaercv used a total of $1,394,300 for this sub-program, of wtiich
5133,500 was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,260,800 was for extramural research
activities.
Major Acconplishments are summarized as follow:
- Funded the publication of the National Academy of Sciencies' state-of-knowledge
reports of their studies on causes, effects, and alternate contols of stratos-
pheric ozone depletion, mandated by P.L. 95-95. These reports were entitled:
Stratospheric Czor.e Deletion by HalocarSons: Chenistry and Transport" and
"Protection Against Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone by Chiorofluorocarborns."
- Wrote and delivered the second biennial report to Congress on research concern-
ing causes and effects of stratospheric ozone depletion.
- Chaired ana nanaced the interagency Committee on Stratospheric Ozone "rotection
and its subcorrn ttes which coordinated Federal research on stratospneric ozone
depletion and identified research priorities. Priority areas are atmospheric
science, and health and ecological effects.
- Completed epidemiological studies supported by E°A funds and conducted through-
out the 'J.S. by the National Cancer Institute on the correlation of non-melanoma
skin cancer to ultraviolet-B radiation. Preliminary analysis indicates that
each one percent increase in damaging ultraviolet radiation results in a '.5
to 2.4 percent increase in nonmelanoma skin cancer in the U.S., depending on
latitude.
- 9egan to use personal dosimeter in studies to correlate exposure to ultraviolet
radiation with skin cancer incidence.
- Continued research wtiich provided updated data for use by the National Academy
of Sciences and other organizations engaged in making improved intergrated
assessments of cause, effects and controls of stratospheric ozone depletion.
- Expanded research on the adaptability of plants under field condlctlons to enhance
ultraviolet-3 radiation in order to understand why plants are affected to a greate
degree in control chambers than in the field. The plants selected for study (whei
corn, soybean, rice, citrus) have high economic value.
- Corpleted ultraviolet-8 marine and freshwater penetration studies indicating the
large depth co which solar UV-radiation penetrates. The studies on olankton organ
isms, northern anchovy. Pacific mackeral shrimp and crab larvae indicated harmful
e'fects from increase jltraviolet-9 penetration.
TS-S3
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- Developed an ultraviolet-B radiometry calibration and measurement tecnniaue
cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards. An instruction manual 'or
use by UV-3 radiation effects experimenters in nearing completion.
Initiated study to develop methodology with wtiich the ozone depleting potential
of chemicals, especially chemicals considered as alternatives to the chloro-
flurocarbons with ozone destruction potential, can be evaluated.
- Assessed the present knowledge on the causes of melanoma skin cancer. This in-
dicated that the relationship between UV-radiation and melanoma skin cancer is
not as straight forward as the relationship between 'JV-radiation and non-melanoma
skin cancer. The evidence indicates the existence of a complex "-elationsh'p.
- Made initial model calculations on the connection between ultraviolet-?! radia-
tion and photochemical smog.
- Sensitivity analyses of health damages continued and economic and social meas
ures of skin cancer costs were tested. The result of these analyses and related
data will be combined to make an integrated assessment of causes, effects, and
alternate controls of ozone depletion.
Initiated research to study the role and effects of ultraviolet-B radiation in
the photosynthesic process.
- Research on the role and effects of critical molecular targets of ultraviolet-B
-adiaticn continued. The results of this research will enchance our ability to
predict effects on a range of marine organisms.
1981 prooram
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of SI,403,100 and 3 permanent work-
years to this sub-program, of which 5187,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appro-
priation and $1,215,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
Appropriat ion.
Highlights of the Program are summarized as follows:
crovide the most recent state-of-the-art knowledge on causes, effects, and
control of stratospheric ozone depletion to those conducting integrated assess-
*>ents and to policy and oeci sion-maki ng officials. A comprehensive assessment
of the state of knowledge and research needs will be prepared, based on new
knowledge obtained in 1930 and 1981.
Initiate new analytical studies of determine the relationship between 'JV-8
radiation and melanoma Skin cancer. The present understanding is complex and
uncertain.
- Continue the pilot study using personal dosimeter to test the relationship of
ultraviolet-B and skin cancer.
Develoo the methodology, begun in 1980, to evaluate the ozone depleting poten-
tial of chemicals, especially those chemicals considered as alternative to
the chlorofluorocarbons deemed substantial contributors to ozone destruction.
- Continue Federal research cordination by the Interagency Committee on Strato-
spheric Ozone Depletion.
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Continue studies of ultraviolet-B effects on key marine 1 i 'e fonr,. The speci-
fic target oopulations and ¦nethodologies used in these studies w'11 be Based
in cart on the results of the studies conducted in 1980 on plankton organisms,
shrimp and crab larvae, and mackeral.
- Vovide a manual on UV-S radiometry and methodology 'or use by effects experi-
menters.
Study the adaptability of plants under field conditions to enhanced ultraviolet-
S radiation in orde-- tc understand why plants are affected to a greater degree
in control chambers than in the field.
The plants selected for study (wheat, corn, soybeans, rice, citrus) nave h;gh
economic value.
Prepare the third biennial research report to the Congress, due December 1981.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalkmg" the program structure presented in the 19S1 'resident's Budget submission
of the new structure as presentee 1 n the 193) current estimate 'e'lected m this submis-
sion. The details on the restructuring of the research and development nrooram. >s
well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section
of this submission.
The net decrease to this activity -s $9,000. Several actions conf-iby ® *o this
ciange. as 'allows:
Shortly after the 1981 budget estinate was submitted, °resident Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294), these revisions resulted
in a decrease of $' million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity is SI,200.
'he Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by S350.00Q; a decrease of
S600 was applied to this activity.
The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.3 million; a decrease
of S900 was applied to this activity.
"he Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Services bonuses by $75C,jO;
a decrease of $2,400 was applied to this activity.
An increase of $1,600 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise 3nd
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
aeprogranmings to realign salary and related costs to meet on board needs
resulted in a transfer of $900 to other activities.
OK8 3ulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel, the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $700.
TS-55
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- CMB Bulletin #81-8, January 24, 1981 , "Reductions 1n fiscal rear 1981 Consulting
and Related Services", required a total reduction of SI,794,200 consulting
services; the reduction applied to this activity is S3,900, which 1s to be
rescinded.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of SI ,041 ,100 and 1 permanent work years for this
subprogram, of which SIM,900 1$ for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
$896,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $362,100 which Kill reduce by about 70 percent the
studies on the effects of ultravlolet-B radiation on economically important agricultural
crops.
Activities planned for 1982 will:
- Provide the most recent state-of-the-art knowledge of cause, effects, and
control of stratospheric ozone depletion to those conducting integrated assess-
ments and to policy and decision-making officials. An updated comprehensive
assessment of the state of knowledge and research needs, based on new knowledge
ootamed in 1980 and 1981, will be prepared.
- Perform analytical studies to determine the relationship beteen UV-B radiation
and melanoma (the more fatal type) skin cancer.
- Continue the pilot study using personal dosimeters to test the relationship
of ultraviolet-3 radiation and skin cancer,
- Conduct research on the adaptability of plants under field conditions to en-
hanced ultravoilet-8 radiation In order to understand why plants are affected
differently in the field than 1n the laboratory. The plants selected for
study (wheat, corn, soybeans, r 1ce, citrus) have high economic value.
- Study the effects of ultravlolet-B radiation on key marine life forms. The
specific target populations and methodologies used in these studies will be
based in part on the results of the studies conducted in 1980 and 1931 on fish
and other aquatic plant and animal organisms.
- Utilize methodology previously developed to evaluate the ozone-depleting poten-
tial of chemicals, especially those chemicals considered as alternatives to
the chlorofluorocarbons deemed subtantial contributors to ozone destruction.
- Continue Federal research coordination by the Interagency Committee on Strato-
spheric Ozone Protection.
- Deliver the third biennial research report to the Congress, due December 1981.
Change from January Request
This request represents a decrease of 519,400 from the January budget, of which
SI,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $18,100 1s for Researcn and Development.
This decrease will result 1n decreased research on biologoical effects (non-nealth)
(specifically ultra violet band aquatic and agricultural effects).
TS-56
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Vi'TONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH
'.93^' Accomplishments
In 1930. the Agency used a total of $1,651,700 for this sub-program, o*
which all was for extramural research activities.
The National Center for Toxicalogical Research (NCTR) was jointly established
1971 by 'residential proclamation between the United States Environmental "rotection
Agency and the Department of Health, Education and Walfare (now OHHS) to be administered
Sy the Food ant! Drug Administration as a research center to resolve problems of comon
interest to government, academia and Industry In the field of toxicology. Core support
for construction, renovation and research program develooment was provided by EPA
and FDA. The development of various research program of common interest to all
regulatory agencies occurred in the late 1970's.
The 1980 initiatives for EPA provided by NCTR staff can be divided into two
general categories: expert staff assistance and prograntnatic basic research initia-
tives. Contributions to EPA in the area of expert staff assistance have provided
in: statistical analysis of 2,4,5-T results; and participation on task forces for
-isk assessment of (1) teratogy and reproduction; (2) nitrilotriacetic acid; and (3)
benzidine. Other accomplishments included: (a) completion of long-term aromatic
amine studies of benzidine and its congeners (compounds of major importance in the
rubber, dye and petro-chemical industries), and initiation of mechanism studies of
various aromatic amines such as naphthylamines; (b) construction of a revolutionary
new waste water treatment plant capable of hadling greater volumes of contaminated
water in a r-iore cost effective and timely fashion. This plant is serving as a
model for various industries and nunicipalities; (c) development of protocols for
addressing the complex problems of addltivity of risk resulting from chlorination
of municipal water supplies. The results of these experiments may be directly
appl'cable to evaluating the toxic impact of waste dumps. The prooosals has been
sub-iitted to EPA for review and conment, (d) in addition to routine dioxin analyses
in waste dumps. food products and water supplies, NCTR for the first time developed
methodology for analysis and determination of isomers of doxin in the environment.
This method develops a classification of dioxin mixtures relative to their potential
toxic effects.
1931 Program
1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $4,500,000 to this sub-orogram, all of
wnich is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
Highlights of the activities being supported are as follows:
- Continuation of research program in risk estimation (carcinogenicity, mutageni-
city and teratogenicity) to assist EPA in the extrapolation of animal data to
humans thereby permitting sound regulatory decisions on safety for health and
env i ronment.
- Continuation of long-term supoort in conducting carcinogenesis studies.
- Development of systematic interaction studies utilizing both in vitro bioassays
and long-term in vivo bioassays in intact animals to examine synergism and/or
antagonisms among compounds.
TS-57
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- Continuation of long-term research relevant to EPA needs and to the uniqueness
of their fit to the NCTR capabilities to do long-term, chronic exposure studies
under barrier conditions.
- Support to the following intramural core research program which are of mutual
interest to EPA and FDA:
flutagenesis Research
Immunotoxicology Research
Chemical Research
Pathology Research
Biochemical Machanisnis of Toxicology, and
Reproductive and Development Toxicology.
- Technical Assistance 1n the form of multi-disciplinary support in
document preparation and review in research areas other than biometry.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget est irate column are drived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this
submission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development orogram,
as well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses
section of this submission.
There is no change from the budget estimate.
1982 Plan
The Agency reouests a total 54,500,000 for this sub-program, all of of whicn
is for extramural ourposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
The researcfi will include an additive risk study, carcinogenesis studies, and slan
development *or determining toxicological state-ofthe-art usefulness of structure-
activity relationships.
In the additive risk study (carcinogenesis interaction), multifactoral bicassay
protocols will be used to determine if four carcinogens found in drinking water
exert as additive carcinogenic effect when administered to rodents in combination.
A rotenone carcinogencity bioassay in the rat for wtiich dosing was completed in
October, 1979 will continue until study completion. According to the protocol, test
animals will be observed for 16 months following dosing at vrtiich time they will be
sacrificed and histopathology preformed. Studies, designed to evaluate phonotyoe
differences in in-bred mice regarding their susceptabi1ity to spontaneous neoplasia,
will be performed. Structure activity relationships, regarding carcinogenecity of
four aromatic amines are being investigated. The impetus for this study was a desire
by EPA to set water effluent standards for benzidene and related comoounds. NCTR
will develop a proposed project plan to extend currently planned carcinogenic inter-
action additive risk studies and will develop a proposed project olan to determine the
status of the usefulness of the structure-activity relationship in toxicology.
Change from January Request
There is no change from the January request.
TS-58
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Energy
SECTION TAB
-------
ENERGY
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
198C 1981* 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
(dol1ars in thousands)
Paae
Aprrcpriat ipn
Salaries and Expenses S11.211
Research and Development... 92,199
Total 103,410
°ermanent Work years 152
Full-time Equivalency 238
Outlays 137 ,420
Authorization Levels 103,461
•A'jtnor-.zation Pending
Program Highlights
Multi-Media Energy Program:
Salaries and Expenses.... 4,054
Research and Development. 27,163
Oxidants Energy:
Salaries and Expenses.... 1,636
Research and DevelODnent. 12,802
Hazardous Pollutants Energy:
Salaries and Expenses.... 520
Research and Development. 5,785
oases and Particles Energy:
Salaries and Expenses.... 2,273
Research and Development. 22,514
Energy Water Quality:
Salaries and Expenses.... 627
Research and Development. 10,355
$11,026
99.968
S10.538
94,351
S12.767
57.379
-52.179
-36,972
110,994
152
256
105,000
107,599
4,042
35,269
1,550
12,741
581
5,577
2,424
22,477
661
10,115
104,939
141
243
116,132
107,599
3.975
34,992
1,454
12,725
577
4,442
2,252
21,128
577
9,713
70,146
145
244
109,264
5.144
23,384
1,823
11,492
102
1 ,989
3,415
13,435
1,050
4,675
-34,793
~4
.1
~6,858
'$1,169
-11,608
+369
-1.233
+475
-2,453
+1.163
-7.693
+473
-5,038
E-n
E - 32
Z-49
E-Sl
Drinking Water Energy:
Salaries and Expenses.... 87 21 22
Research and Development. 2,496 2,640 2,350
Industrial Wastewater Energy:
Salaries and Expenses.... 1,207 1,102 1,099
Research and Development. 2,781 2,562 2,185
Solid Waste Energy:
Salaries and Expenses.... 235 293 237
Research and Development. 1,340 1,247 647
1,113
1,924
-22
-2,350
+ 14
-261
-297
-647
E-63
E-71
-74
Toxic Chemical Testing and
Assessment Energy:
Salaries and Expenses.... 237 101 103
Research and Development. 6,585 6,378 5,307
-103
-5.807
£-77
E-l
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Budget
Current
Increase +
Actual
Est imate
Est imate
Estimate
Oecrease -
1980
1981*
1981
1982
1982 vs. 1981
Page
(dollars in
thousands)
Municipal Spills Energy:
Salaries and Expenses....
285
251
242
120
-122
E-82
Research and Development.
373
362
362
480
+118
Total :
Salaries and Expenses....
11.211
11 ,026
10,588
12,767
+2,179
Research and Development.
92,199
99.968
94,351
57,379
-36.972
Grand Total
103,410
110,994
104,939
70,146
-34,793
per-nanent Positions
Multi-^edie Energy Program.
69
71
70
67
-3
E-n
Oxidants Energy
22
20
20
22
+2
E - 32
Hazardous Pollutants Energy
8
9
7
1
-6
£-40
Gases and Particles Energy.
22
24
23
30
~ 7
E-49
Energy Water Quality
4
4
4
T
~3
E-61
Drinkino Water Energv
• • .
• • .
• . •
• • •
E-68
Industrial Wastewater
Energy
13
16
14
14
• • •
E-71
Solid Waste Energy
2
2
2
• • •
-2
E-74
Toxic Chemical Testing and
Assessment Energy
1
1
1
~ • •
-1
E - 77
Municipal Spills Energy....
6
c
...
4
~4
E-82
Total
152
152
141
145
~4
Full-time Eouivalencv
Multi-Vedia Energy Program..
85
93
90
85
-5
E-12
Oxidants Energy
33
30
30
33
+3
E-32
Hazardous Pollutants Energy.
11
14
11
3
-8
E-40
Sases and Particles Energy..
45
56
53
72
~19
£-50
Energy Water Quality
11
14
17
18
~ 1
E-61
Drinking Water Energy
...
1
• • •
• » •
E-68
Industrial Wastewater Energy
35
31
29
29
• • •
E-71
Solid Waste Energy
6
6
6
• • •
-6
E-74
Toxic Chemical Testing and
Assessment Energy
2
3
4
• • •
-4
E-77
Municipal Spills Energy
9
8
3
4
+1
E-S2
Total
238
256
243
244
+ 1
* January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and
Development restructuring.
E-2
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Overview and Strategy
Energy development and use is undergoing major changes. It is apparent that our
national energy policy will call for a conversion of some utility and industrial power
facilities frcm scarce oil to plentiful coal, decreased fuel consumption, particularly for
the transportation sector, the use of technologies that are only now beginning to emerge
for the production of liquid and gaseous fuels from coal, oil shale, and biomass, and
incentives to sour oil exploration and production. The development of new domestic energy
sources to oower the Nation's hones and industry may pose a variety of threats to environ-
Hiental quality. One of the Agency's major objectives is to protect the public health and
welfare frcm adverse environmental effects associated with any potential shifts from
petroleum to coal and the development of emerging technologies. Research and Development
toward this end is mandated by the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts. To be effective such
protection must be accomplished through an integrated approach so that the control of
one form of pollution does not result in other unacceptable environmental impacts,
and the costs associated with environmental control are minimized. Effective control
of the environmental Impact of changes 1n the Nation's energy systems must be based
on a sound understanding of the likely course of energy development and must be
accomplished in a reasonable manner at an acceptable cost.
As a result of our knowledge of possible health and ecological effects associated
with both existing and new technologies for fuel processing, transportation, conversion,
and utilization, the Environmental Protection Agency has made a major commitment to
ensure that the environmental and human health are protected. Further, since many
of the problems are lone term (e.g., many technologies will not be available or in
conmerical use before 1925), E°A must have programs underway to develop the health,
environmental and engineering data base necessary to support technology-hased standards
to control pollutant discharges. The lead times for impact assessment and control
technology development are such that research programs must continue to be Implemented
now if energy develooment Is to be compatible with environmental protection.
Areas requiring long-term research may result 1n Agency regulatory and enforce-
ment activity. Increased reliance on synthetic fuels from coal and oil shale may
generate new pollutants whose effects are not yet known and must be defined. For
example, coal gasification processes may emit unacceptable quantities of carcingenic
materials or impact groundwater supplies. New and emerging energy sources (e.g.,
advanced combustion, synthetic fuels and geothermal facilities) nay produce cumula-
tive chronic health and ecological effects. We must begin research in these areas
now 1f we are to ensure the compatibility of energy system development and public
health and welfare.
The Agency must also address many energy-related environmental problems 1n the
near term. 'Tie Nation will substantially accelerate coal use for Industrial and
electric utility use. This conversion from oil to coal trill result 1n additional
emissions of particulates, nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, and other combustion
pollutants. In addition to the health and environmental impacts of these emissions,
knowledge of their atmospheric transport and deposition is needed. The increased
use 3' coal will accelerate mining in semi-arid western areas, raising serious
question about restoration of mined lands and degradation of the quality of available
ground and surface water resources. Increased quantities of solid waste from energy
facilities nust be disposed of 1n an environmentally acceptable manner.
E-3
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Proaram Responsibilities
EPA has the statutory responsibility to protect the environment in the course
of the national program to develop and use the Nation's domestic energy resources to
lessen our reliance on imported energy sources. Research and Development programs
in support of that requirement are mandated by the Clean Air Act, the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Energy
development and utilisation cut across virtually every aspect of industrial, utility,
conmercial, and residential activity and thus require an exceptionally strong
technical and policy basis for effective and equitable regulatory action. This
energy-rel a ted environmental policy wi 11 be implemented by all agencies of the
Federal Government.
Furthermore, EPA has the responsibility to review and coordinate the research
activities of other Federal agencies with respect to the environment as they pursue
their individual missions contributing to progress toward the national energy goals.
Program Goals
The goals of the energy research and development program are:
(1) to provide sound data necessary for the Agency to establish cost effective
and practical environmental regulations and incentives in extraction, pro-
cessing and utilization of energy resources, and (2) to provide cost
effective, reliable pollution control options, as soon as practicable, for
those extraction, processing and utilization practices which may cause
significant health and ecological damage.
The research program on the environmental Impacts of energy supply and utili-
zation is integrated with the Agency's operating programs. The resources of this
orooram are specifically used to prepare the Information that will be required for
writing or implementation of at least five major regulations. This information
1ncludes:
The engineering performance and costs of control options for SOx, NOx
and particulate matter to be used in complying with the potential New Source
Performance Standards for industrial boilers.
Emission factors for particulate matter from energy and industrial sources.
The Agency is reviewing the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for total
suspended particulate matter and may modify the standard to apply to fine
or respirable particles. Information on emission factors and control
capabilities will be prepared and issued for the development of State
Implementation Plans for the attainment of such a future standard.
Cost and performance data on the economical use of low NOx burners In the
electric utility and in Industrial combustion sources.
Engineering analyses of the costs and capabilities of technology for
disposing of high volume solid wastes, i.e., ashes, and desulfurization
sludges from energy technologies, which can be used in complying with
engineering performance standards for disposal of wastes under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
Data on the costs and capabilities of control measures for air or water
pollutants and solid waste, in the emerging synthetic fuels industry. This
-------
•.nfomation w411 be used to prepare guidance documents for synthetic fuel
and other alternative energy production facilities. These documents will
give irrdustry and permitting officials the information reouired to make
decisions within the time schedule inposed by an accelerated energy develop-
ment program.
"he ecological damage due to acid rain has prompted an intensive review of tech-
nology to control acid rain precursors (e.g., SCb control with simultaneous NOx).
A breakthrougr. technology which combines S02 control with simultaneous NOx control
has been identified. The process *rtuch has been designated as the L 1MB process is
based jpon mxinc coal and limestone together, pulverizing the mixture, and combusting
the mixture in a low NOx burner. This technology can potentially lower the capital
cost of S0X control by a factor of 3 to 4 and the annual cost by 50 percent.
In addition, Information on the health and ecological effects of coal and oil shale
extraction and on environmentally protective mining and reclamation techniques will
be demonstrated. The program has developed and will demonstrate the operation of
low NOx burners for pulverized coal combustion. The orogran in flue gas desulfuri-
zation will assess operating systems. Control of particulates will focus on
evaluating the effectiveness of two significant advances in particulate control
technology. Both of these advances could significantly lower the cost of particulate
control for hard to control fly ashes and reduce the size of the purchased equipment.
The definition of the environmental problems and requirements for control of
the longer tern energy supply systems is of particular importance. EPA is working
in cooperation with other Federal agencies, including DOE, to develop the Nation's
energy supplies without harm to the environment. E°A's part in this cooperative
effort is to: (l? conduct environmental assessments; (2) develop an adequate
scientific basis for new environmental regulations; (3) provide guidance on control
technology requirements to Federal and industry groups where developing new tech-
nologies; (4) assist in the development of control technologies especially the Office
of Research and Development which has special expertise; and (5) assess the adequacy
of existing control technologies.
Budget Request
The Agency reauests a total of $70,146,900 for 1982, a decrease of S34,792,900
from 1931. Of this total, $12,767,000 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $57,378,900
is for Research and Development with an Increase of $2,180,700 and a decrease of
$36,973,600, respectively. In addition, the Agency Is requesting 145 permanent
workyears, an increase of 4 from 1981.
Proqra-n Description
Plans for the 1982 energy program have, for the first time, been developed
within EPA's Research Corroiittee system. Phasing the energy program into that system
has been an important benchmark in the Office of Research and Development's
succession of steps to integrate Its programs with those of the Agency as a whole.
1982 energy program activities are aligned, through the various committees, to the
Agency's regulatory and operational components, with a special and necessary energy
perspective being coordinated and focused through the Energy Research Committee.
Further, the plans show, for the first time, the relationship and compl imentarity
between energy and non-energy programs In a simplified format.
The Energy Research and Development program is designed to determine the envi-
ronmental implications and effects of the Nation's energy development efforts.
E-5
-------
This energy/environment comprehensive plan to classify program content and resources
has been developed to assure that the entire range of Federal energy/environment
research and development program is woven together Into a manageble frame wor*.
Tnis plan identifies research areas by the type of energy resource, the processes in
obtaining and using the energy, and the scientific disciplines of pollution options
for conventional energy systems and the assessment of the environmental problems or
advantages of new energy techonologies being developed Dy the Department of Energy.
In addition to Its activities with other aqencies, EPA conducts, within its own
laboratories, a widely diversified program. The interagency program used several
mecnanisms to minimize duplication of effort by Involved Federal aoencies. The use
of "pass through" funding allows EPA to reimburse other Federal agencies for per-
forming research in areas where they have expertise useful for EPA's priority
programs. Reviews are conducted and program planning documents are updated annually
as basis for managing interagency funds. EPA management of the Interagency program
ensures comprehensive coverage of environmental concerns.
The program is divided Into broad segments. The health and ecological effects
program; that is, the research activities associated with the behavior and effects
of energy related pollutants once they are 1n the environment. The control
technology program 1s designed to provide Information on the types and Quantities of
pollutants released by energy supply activities and to develop or stimulate the
development of control options where necessary. The control technology program
consists of six subprograms -- fuel processing, preparation and advanced combustion;
fuel extraction; flue gas sulfur oxide control; nitrogen oxide control; and flue gas
particulate control. The health and ecological effects research program has four
subprograms -- the transport, fate and effects of pollutants on organisms and eco-
systems; atmospheric transport, and transformation of energy related pollutants;
measurement systems and instrumentation development; and health effects of energy
related pollutants.
In examining our overall energy research strategy 1n light of austere financial
conditions, we nave made rather substantial redirections in our funding patterns.
In addition to reducing our lowest priority activities across the energy medium, we
specifically targeted and eliminated programs which had focused on energy related
pollutants when we determined that these pollutants could be dealt witn in the broader
context of our base research program, e.g. toxic pollutants from energy processes
and energy-related drinking water contaminants. In both cases, the base programs in
these areas will now deal with our highest priority pollutants regardless of their
source.
Highlights of the 1982 Energy Program, as they relate to the Agency's media
categories, are described below.
Air
The portion of the energy program addressing air pollutants will continue to
focus on the impacts from fossil fuel and residential (woodburning) combustion. In
the oxidants area, emphasis on NO* control technology will be continued, as it
relates, for example, to utility and industrial boilers. Health and envlronmental
processes research will also continue ongoing studies on the effects of ozone, sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide singly and 1n combination on economically Important
agronomic plants. Research on gaseous and particulate pollutants from energy-related
sources will highlight the pilot and prototype testing of two significant break-
throughs 1n particulate control technology wnich can lower the cost of compliance.
The engineering and technology portion of the program will include control technology
for sulfur oxides. Other areas of emphasis include complex terrain modeling and
E-6
-------
exposure monitoring. The health effort will focus on organic* emitted from stationary
sources, particularly known or suspected carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens.
Water Quality
In 1982, we will continue to assess the environmental transport, fate and
effects of energy-related pollutants on the aquatic environment. Emphasis will be
placed on freshwater (both surface - and groundwater) and estuarine environments.
Handbooks anc decision making tools needed for State and Federal decision makers to
develop and evaluate pollution control technologies for effluents associated with
coal mining, uranium mining, oil shale mining, and conventional power plants, will
be aevelooed. Research on the development of protocols for toxic and hazardous
soil Is whicri impact freshwater aquatic ecosystems will receive increased supoort.
Hulti-Media
The program will continue to focus on the synthetic fuel and acid deposition
research programs. The synthetic fuels program will continue to concentrate their
research efforts on synfuels from coal and oil shale, petroleum refining, and
geothermal energy, with a goal of developing Pollution Control Guidance Documents to
assess Federal and State personnel to prepare 1n a timely manner the required
construction and environmental permits. The acid deposition program will include
activities which range from problem evaluation and definition to the determination
of environmental effects.
Sumnarv of Increases and Decreases
The increases are primarily in the multi-media energy, gases and particles, and
water quality programs-envi ronmental engineering activities. There is also a
$<01,000 increase 1n the gases and particles program-environmental processes
and affects activity.
The decrease 1s comprised primarily of major reductions in muitl-media energy
gases and particles, solid waste, drinking water and toxics chemical testing and
assessment programs. This occurrs in health effects, environmental processes and
effects and environmental engineering and technology activities ($28,1 million).
A slight increase of $7,9 million multi-media energy, and decreases to the other R8D
activities also occur, the net effect of which is a decrease of $8.9 million.
1982 Energy Program 70,146
Summary of Budget Estimates
1 * Summary of Budget Request
An appropriation of $70,145,900 is requested for 1982. Included in this total
is 557,378,900 for Research and Development and $12,767,400 for Salaries and Expenses,
with a decrease of $36,973,600 and an Increase of $2,180,700 respectively. This
represents a net decrease of $34,792,900 from 1981.
Salaries and Expenses
1981 Energy Program
(1n thousands of dollars)
$104,939
+2,181
Research and Oevelopmen
-36,974
E-7
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The Increase of $2,323,100 in intramural funds *111 be used to provide
additional support to the synthetic fuel, acid deposition and gases and particles
programs. In addition to this increase there are increases of $368,900 in oxidants
and $473,200 in the water energy activities, offset by decreases totaling $1,008,500
in the otner energy activities.
Extradural funding 1s reduced by 536,973,600 primarily In the environmental
engineering, health effects and environmental processes and effects activities
of several major programs, Including the elimination of solid waste, drinking water,
and toxics chemical testing.
Specific decreases include $11,608,000 in multi-media energy; $1,233,500 in
oxidants; $2,453,900 in hazardous pollutants; $7,692,700 in gases and particles;
$5,037,700 In water quality; $2,349,600 in drinking water; $261,400 1n Industrial
waste water; $647,400 1n solid waste; and $5,807,700 1n toxics testing.
2. Changes from Original 1981 Budget Estimate
Changes from the budget are as follows:
(In thousands of dollars}
Original 1981 estimate 110,994
Presidential reduction (House Doc. 96-294) -52
Congressional increases/decreases:
Travel -39
Consulting services -52
ADP -15
$E$ bonuses -8
General reduction of $12.2 to R&D -957
Acid rain increases of Sl.Sra *1,500
Anticipatory research reduction of $2.5m -1,000
$.9m reprogramming for cold climate research -950
(^programming to support aquatic weed research. -75
Proposed pay raise supplemental »114
Reprogramming for salary and related costs, -42
Transfer to solid waste/non-energy for love Canal... -3,146
Transfer to Office of the Inspector General -12
Miscellaneous reporgrammlngs -12
larch 1981 Changes:
Travel... -41
Consulting and related services -4g
Nonitorium on procurement of certain equipment -5
Equipment costs -296
Contractual services. -84
1 % transfer -949
Increases of fund PCSB deficits...... ~!05
Miscellaneous «1Q
Current 1981 estimate 104,939
The Congress reduced Agency travel costs by $850,000, resulting in a decrease of
$39,000. A congressional reduction of $2 million to ADP costs created a decrease of
$15,000 to this media. The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8
E-8
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Billion and SES bonuses by $750,000, resulting 1n decreases to this media of $52,000
anc $8,000, respectively. A congressional reduction of $12.2 million to the Agency'
RSD appropriation resulted in a decrease of $957,000. IN addition, Congress reduced
the anticipatory research program by $2.5 million, resulting in a decrease of $1
million to this media. Also, congressional reprogrammlngs of 5900,000 for cold
climate research and $620,000 for aquatic weed research resulted in decreases of
$950,000 and $75,000, respectively.
Shortly after the 1981 Budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in
a decrease of $7 million revisions resulted in a decrease $7 million to EPA's reques
for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this media is $52,000.
The Congress increased funding for acid rain research by $1.5 million.
Other changes on this media include an Increase of $114,300 for the proposed
supplemental to fund the October 1980 pay raise, and decreases in the amount of
$42,000 for reprogramming related to salary and other costs; 53,146,000 transferred
to solid waste/non-energy for love Canal; $12,000 transferred to the Office of the
Inspector General; and miscellaneous reprogrammlngs of $3,700 transferred to
Administrative Law Judges, $200 transferred to radiation for the Radiation Policy
Council, and $8,100 transferred to program management to support Industrial hygienis
positions at Research Triangle Park.
In accordance with 0NB bulletins, the March 1981 changes are as follows:
travel (-$40,500); consulting services {-$49,300); and monitorium on procurement
of certain equipment (-$4,600).
A one percent transfer authority decreases this media by $949,000.
Internal agency reorogrammings to fund PC1B deficits are as follows: equipment
costs (-$296,300); contractual services (-84,300); agencywide increases (*$105,000)
and miscellaneous reprogrammlngs (+$10,000).
Analysis of Increases and Decreases to Obligations
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
(in thousands of dollars)
Prior year obiigatlons 103,410 104,939
Effect of congressional changes -1,596
Proposed pay raise supplemental *114
Reprogrammi ngs -66 ...
Change in amount of carryover funds
available -309
Program decrease -3,198 34,793
Change in rate of obligation...., *7,893 ...
Harch 1981 changes -1,309
The effect of the March 1981 changes 1s a decrease of $1,309,000
Total estimate obligations.
104,939
70,146
-------
(From new obligation authority)
(From prior year funds)
104,939
70,146
Explanation of Increases and Decreases to Obligations
The Congressional changes referred to the previous section are estimated to
decrease obligations by $1,596,000.
The funding of the October 1980 pay raise through a proposed supplemental is
expected to increase obligations by $114,000.
Program decreases of $3,146,000 and 575,000 in 1981 are expected to decrease
obligations for this media by $3,198,000. However, a change in the rate of obligation
should increase obligations by $7,893,000.
In 1982, the program decrease of 34,798 will reduce obligations by the same
amount.
There is no carryover available for obligation 1n 1981 or 1982.
Miscellaneous reprogrammlngs are expected to result in a decrease of $66,000
In 1981 .
E -10
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy Program
Appropriation
Technical Information
and Liaison:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
Energy Health Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
Energy Environmental
Engineering k Technology:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
Energy Environmental
Processes and Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
Acid Rain:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development....
Total:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
Grand Total
Permanent Positions
Technical Information
and Liaison
Energy Health Effects
Energy Environmental
Engineering and Technology....
Energy Environmental
Processes and Effects...
Acid Rain
Total:
Budget
Current
Increase *
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Decrease -
1980
1981*
1981
1982
1982 vs. 198
(dollars in
thousands)
$258
S254
S248
$199
-549
3
17
17
16
_ 1
175
64
31
65
-34
4,891
4,159
3,651
1,551
-2,100
3,274
3,337
3,262
4,31 7
~1,055
17,267
20,569
20,569
1G ,643
-9,921
169
188
219
333
+ 114
3,238
4,073
3,803
2,363
-1,440
178
199
215
230
~15
1,769
6,451
6,952
8.806
~ 1,854
4,054
4,042
3,975
5,144
-1,169
27,168
35,269
34,992
23,384
-11,608
31,222
39,311
38,967
28,528
-10,439
4
4
4
3
-1
1
...
1
...
-1
59
61
60
59
1
1
1
1
...
4
5
4
4
...
69 71 70 67 -3
E -11
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Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1981 1962 1982 vs. 1981
(dollars 1n thousands)
Full-Time Equivalency
Tecnmcal Information
and Liaison
6
7
6
5
-1
Energy Health Effects
1
1
2
1
-1
Energy Environmental
Engineering and Technology...
72
75
74
72
-2
Energy Environmental
Processes and Effects
3
5
4
3
-1
Add Rain
4
5
4
4
• • •
Total
86
93
90
85
-5
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,527,900 and 67 permanent workyears for 1982,
a decrease of $10,433,400 from 1981. Included In this total 1s $5,143,700 for Salaries
and Expenses and $23,384,200 for Research and Development, with an Increase of $1,169,600
and a decrease of $11,608,000, respectively.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Energy Research Committee.
The disciplinary components [or sub-programs) of the program are Integrated into an
overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on Agency research
needs In this subject area.
The overall program provides the Agency w1th the scientific and technical basis for
developing defensible policies that strike a balance between domestic energy production
and environmental quality. The major components of this program consist of research to
characterize discharges and develop and evaluate cost effective pollution control
technology for energy processes, and research on the health and envlronmental effects of
pollutants from energy-related technologies. Processes addressed Include synfuels from
coal, oil shale, blomass, geothermal etc., and conventional technologies. This program
addresses accelerated energy development and multi-media impact characterization which
includes the collection of transport, transformation and fate data to measure impacts on
ecosystems and human health. In addition, atmospheric dispersion and transformation
models are developed to enable the Agency to devise effective abatement strategies on
both a local and regional scale. The program also develops methods for sampling and
analysis and continuous monitoring of emissions/effluents from energy technologies to
characterize residuals and control technology performance. The program evaluates
environmental, economic and social Impacts of energy supply so that environmentally
acceptable approaches can be developed. A major output of this effort 1s the scientific
information needed for the establishment and Implementation of technology-based, envir-
onmental guidelines and standards for pollutants associated with energy development.
Also included in this program Is the Agency's research to understand and control the
sources, and Impacts of acid deposition.
E-12
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TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
In 1980, the Agency used a total of S261.100 for this sub-program, of which
S253,400 was for Salaries arc! Expenses and S2.700 was for extradural research
activities.
The Technical Information Program supported the preparation and publication of
the Research CX'tlook., the Research Highlights, technical information plans and guidance,
arti otner aeneral documents of interest to the environmental decision making carrmrtity.
It also provided ORD with information systems necessary to effectively plan and nanage
its research projects and resources. Specific accerplishments in the area of energy
included the publication and dissemination of:
- A Decision Series Report or. Acid Rain
- A PDllutant Assessment for Oil 9iale and Cbal TedTnologies
The Regional Services Staff (RSS) provided for effective oamxiications between
-?C and the regions and the Rogicrial Support Management information system was developed
ani urplenenter!.
1931 Procrar.
In 1981, the Aaency has allocated a total of 3264,900 and 4 permanent workvears to
this sub-program. of \«hich 5247,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
317,300 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Various research program and project summaries, decision aeries documents, and
technology transfer publications to .-meet the &iergy Research Cormittee requiraments are
rvinz provided. Te<±\nical Information Plans, Listing the explicit information products
for this research effort are being prepared. Support is also being provided to .Taraae
the mforrratior. systems vhich track ORD's research projects and resources.
- Regional liaison activities are being continued, as is support for the
Regional Support Management Information System.
- A process to address the research needs of state and local governments in the
ORD planning process is be inn develCKjed.
1981 Ore I ana ti or. of Change frcm 3udoet Estirate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate ooltxm are derived from
"crosawalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this sufcmis-
sion. The details of the restructuring of the Research and Development program, as
well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section
of this suinission.
The net decrease of $6,200 results frcm several act-ions, as folio*.:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmit-
ted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294): these revisions resulted
in a decrease of 51 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The
reduction applied to this activity is SI, 100.
E-13
Revised 4.'16. SI
-------
- An Increase of $2,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
1s included In a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $800 from other activities and 55,900 from program
management.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981 "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywlde reductions to equipment; the total reduction
of $421,000 is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity 1s $800.
- An internal agencywlde reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being
made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
1s $10,200.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appro-
priations Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appro-
priations. This one percent authority is being Implemented by transferring
funds from the Research and Development and the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation In
order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $3,100.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $214,900 and 3 permanent work years for this sub-
program, of which $199,400 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $15,500
1s for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $49,900, which will eliminate Regional Liaison activities
supported by this sub-program and reduce the number of technical information documents
publisned.
In 1982, this sub-program will be unable to support Regional liaison activities.
The program will continue to provide research program and project summaries, decision
series documents and technology transfer publications to meet the needs of the Energy
Research Committee. It will also support systems that enable 0RD to plan and manage
Its projects and resources. It will provide some funding for the Research Outlook and
the Research Highlights.
Changes From January Reouest
This request represents a decrease of $32,100 and 1 permanent workyear from the
January budget, of which $32,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $100 is for Research
and Development. This decrease will result In the elimination of regional liaison
activities, and reduction of the nuntoer of technical Information documents published.
ENERGY HEALTH EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $5,065,800 for this sub-program, of which
$174,700 was for Salaries and Expenses and $4,891,100 was for extramural research
activities.
- A series of level one and two biological assay techniques were refined for
detection of biological activity 1n synfuel products, fractions, effluents,
emissions, and combusion products.
E -14
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The first phase of exposure assessment for five fluidized bed combustion
facilities was completed. This effort will be de-emphasl2ed in the future
due to projected limited development and application of this technology.
- Various epidemiological assocations were determined for mutagenesis,
reproductive dysfunction, and dermatologlcal disorders 1n a variety of energy-
related Industries such as advanced fossil fuel combustion, hazardous waste
disposal, coal gasification, and petroleum refining.
- Studies were Initiated to develop methods for identification of neurotoxins
(such as phenols) and teratogens (such as polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons)
found in synthetic fuels.
- A phased health assessment was Initiated to determine the relative anticipated
health Impact of organic coated particulates from fluidized bed combustion vs.
those from conventional coal combustion.
- A study was Initiated to identify organic and metallic compounds from shale
oil and coal conversion technolgles to be used in multi-species metabolism
investigations.
1981 Prooran
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $3,682,200 and 3 permanent workyears
to this suD-program, of which S31,000 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
S3,651,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- Refinement and ultimate validation efforts will continue for levels one and
two biological assays for toxicities of synfuel products, fractions and
processes.
- The first stage of epidemiological studies 1n synfuel operations will proceed.
Operating synfuel process will be selected and accumulation of the data base
on workers health which will enable future epidemiological associations will
commence.
Industrial exposure assessment for oil shale, direct coal llauefactlon and
coal gasification processes will proceed. This 1s a large effort which will
involve both planning and Initiation of of exposure measurenents.
- The development of fish and amphibian assays for 1dent1ficatlon of neurotoxic
and teratogenic hazards 1n synthetic fuels, their fractions and process
effluents will continue.
- Studies to determine the absorption, retention, and distribution of metabolic
products organic and metallic compounds such as benzo(a) pyrene and vanadium
found In effluents from shale oil and coal conversion processes will continue.
- Health and envlronmental effects risk assessments for direct and indirect coal
liquefaction and for oll-from-shale processes and products will be initiated.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalk1ng" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new stucture as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected In this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found 1n the Special Analyses section of this
subni sslon.
E-15
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The net decrease of S540.600 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted 1n a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity is $300.
- An Increase of $500 resulted from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogranmlngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted In a transfer of $300 from other activities.
- Transfer of $45,900 to energy-hazardous pollutants to perform work related to
alternate fuels research Initiative and to obtain information on of! shale.
- Offsetting transfers of $28,700 were made to realign contract funds - $28,700
was transferred within the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to energy
environmental processes and effects in this same subactlvity; $28,700 was
transferred within the Research and Development appropriation from energy
environmental processes and effects In this same subactlvity.
- A transfer of $12,200 was made to the Office of Inspector General in order to
provide addditlonal resources to that Office.
- The Department of Housing and Urban Devel opment-Independent Agencies Appro-
priation Act, 1981 , permits a one percent transfer authority between appro-
priations. This one percent authority is being Implemented by transferring
funds from the Research and Devel opment and the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation in order
to fund PC4B deficits; the reduction appl led to this activity Is $490,000.
- Agencywide increases are required 1n order to fund the PC4B deficits; the
increase applied to this activity 1s $7,000.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $1,61 5,600 for this sub-program, of wti1ct- $64,800 is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,550,800 Is for extramural purposes
under the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects a decrease of $71 ,900.
- Due to a reordering of Agency priorities, the energy worker registry will not
be developed, and an epldemiol ogical-Industrial hygiene study wfll not be
conducted.
- The most promising assays for estimation of somatic and genetic toxicities of
synfuel products, fractions, effluents, emissions and combustion products will
be val Ida ted.
- Exposure assessments will be continued for oil shale, direct coal liquefaction
and coal gasification processes.
- Assays for teratogenicity of synthetic fuel products, by-products and pollu-
tants will be validated. Results from these assays will be Integrated into
the overall "Synfuel Assessment."
- Mul t1-spec1es metabolism Investigations will be conducted for synfuel products,
by-products or fractions Identified 1n the previous two years and key factors
to be utilized In Interspecies extrapolations will be determined.
E-16
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- The health and environmental effects synfuel risk assessment for selected
processes and products wfll continue.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of S71 ,900 from the January budget, of which
S500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $71 ,400 is for Research and Development. This
decrease wfll result 1n reduced efforts to evaluate industrial hygiene in synfuel
pi ants.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AKD TECHNOLOGY
1980 Accompl ishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of SZ0,541,200 for this sub-program, of which
$3,274,100 was for Sal aries and Expenses and $17,267,100 was for extramural research
activities.
In 1980, the Agency placed major emphasis on the synfuel s program, highlighting
environmental assessment and control technology evaluation associated with coal gasifi-
cation, coal liquefaction and of! shale processing. EPA Initiated efforts to help
EPA's Regional offices better review Environmental Impact Statements and permit appli-
cations and to provide the industry with early incut as to available control technology.
It is EPA's objective to minimize environmental damage while permitting timely synfuel s
commercial ization. The documents wfll characterize technology guidance considering the
integrated nature of the process and a mul tlmedia waste management systems.
Significant accompl 1 shnents include the following:
Synfuel from Coal and Of! Shale
- Preliminary and draft Environmental Impact Statements and Prevention of
Significant Deterioration permits for the Solvent Refined Coal II (liquid
fuel from coal ) demonstration planned for West Virginia were reviewed and
comments were submitted to Region III. This is to assure minimum impact of
this large synfuel s demonstration and assure Inclusion of adequate control
techno! ogy.
- An advanced draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Solvent Refined Coal
I (solid clean fuel) demonstration was reviewed and comments were submitted
to Region IV. This is to insure inclusion of adequate pollution control
technol ogy.
- The sampl ing and analysis at the Solvent Refined Coal pfl ot plant in Ft.
Lewis, Washington, was completed 1n order to provide data for the Pollution
Control Guidance Documents and program offices on direct coal liquefaction.
- The effectiveness of particulate control devices for oil shale processes in
conjunction with the Department of Energy were evaluated. This will provide
input to the standard-setting offices and the Pollution Control Guidance
Documents to provide data for cost effective control al ternatives.
- Environmental perspectives documents for the emerging of! shale industry were
completed. This describes the potential environmental impact of this soon-
to-be conrierclal Ized industry.
E-17
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An engineering analysis of the Stretford device for sulfur removal from of!
shale processes was completed. This will describe performance of major sulfur
control technologies for input Into both Pollution Control Guidance Documents
and standard-setting activities to assure cost effective control. This will
encourage industry to incorporate Best Avafl abl e Control Technology.
Draft data bases for the indirect coal liquefaction and the 1 01 BTU coal
gasification Pollution Control Guidance Documents were conducted. These
documents will be used by the EPA regional offices to review Environmental
Impact Statements permits, and by synfuel s developers to avoid costly
retrofit and redesign.
Environmental assessments of the Well man- Gal usha low BTU coal gasification
process and Lurgi medium BTU process were conducted. These characterize the
discharge from significant 1 ow and medium BTU processes and will provide input
to both the Pollution Control Guidance Documents and emission/effluent
standards.
An EPA/Industry Coal Liquefaction Forum was hel d 1n Chicago and the
proceedings were published to help disseminate environmental Information
needed by the coal liquefaction industry. All significant developers
describee! their processes and status of commercial ization.
Geo thermal
The sampling and analysis of fluids at 120 potential geothermal sites
including springs and wells 1n the western U.S. were completed. Fifty
chemical constituents were analyzed. This information, when combined with
historical data, will provide regulators and developers with a preliminary,
but sound, basis for evaluating pollution control needs.
A document "Status of Environmental Controls for Geothermal Energy" which
established coordinated priorities, objectives, and management of envir-
onmental controls research among EPA, DOE, 001 and other agencies working
through the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Councfl was completed.
This will streaml ine and expedite the development of environmental control s
needed to rapidly commercialize geothermal energy In the United States.
Sol ar
Preliminary results from a study on the air emission Impacts of potential
solar energy use in three metropolitan air quality control regions (Houston,
Chicago and Phfl adel phia) through 1995 were obtained. These results begin
to indicate the potential benefits from solar energy in resolving envir-
onmental problems In urban areas.
Alcohol from Blomass
Multimedia sampling and analysis at nine alcohol production facilities
utfl 1z1ng grain feedstocks were completed. This will provide the data base
for standard-setting offices and the Pollution Control Guidance Documents
for alcohol fuels.
The standard support plan and control technology research plan were
completed. This will describe ORD's plans and schedules for gathering the
data base characterizing discharges from alcohol fuels processes.
E-IS
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Fluidlzed Bed Combustion
A comprehensive environmental assessment of the Georgetown University
fluidlzed bed boiler was completed. This will provide OAQPS with data
on air emissions from industrial boiler size fluidlzed bed units.
Chemically Active Fluid Bed
The environmental assessment program of Chemically Active Fluid Bed
demonstration using high sulfur oil as feedstock was continued. This will
encourage the use of domestic high sulfur oil . It will also supply OAOPS
with a data base from which to set reasonable standards.
Petroleum Refining
A report assessing atmospheric emissions from petroleum refineries was
completed. This wfU be a first step to improving necessary control
technol ogy.
Strategy Research
The Congressional ly mandated Ohio River Basin Energy Study was conpleted.
The forthcoming final report identifies and analyzes the likely impacts of
future energy development within the Ohio River Basin.
A legislatively required overview of the effectiveness of the Department
of Energy's solar energy and energy conservation programs was completed.
Conments from Industry, Congressional staff and the pubic sector were
received and incorporated into six preliminary reports and the forthcoming
Report to the President and Congress. This could impact the Nation's energy
pol icy in this area.
A prel Imlnary analysis of possible regulatory strategies for mitigating acid
rain impacts in the U.S. and Canada was completed, and ongoing support was
provided to the U.S.-Canada Bfl ateral Research Consultation Group on the Long
Range Transport of Air Pollutants. The results for these activities are a
major part of the data base upon which bilateral transboundary air pollution
discussions with the Canadian Government are proceeding.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $23,830,700 and 59 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $3,261 ,500 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $20,569,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appro-
pr1ation.
In 1981 the Agency reduced its activities in fluidlzed bed combustion (FBC) and
in assessing the environmental Impact of the Chemically Active Fluid Bed processes to
provide greater support for our efforts to support the Federal Synthetic Fuels
Programs. Huch of the fluidlzed bed combustion activity and all of the Chemically
Active Fluid Bed demonstration has been absorbed by the Department of Energy. In
addition to the Pollution Control Guidance Oocument effort, this program element
includes a large component for EPA regional support in the synfuel s area. Activities
incl ude:
Synfuel s from Coal and Oil Shale
Comments to Region III on the final Environmental Impact Statement and
permit applications for the Solvent Refined Coal II demonstration planned
for Morgantown, West Virginia (other Regions will be slmflarly supported in
the various synfuel technologies) are being provided.
£-19
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Review of the final Envlrormental Impact Statement and permit applications
for the Solvent Refined Coal I demonstration to Region IV Is being completed.
This 1s to assure that adequate control technology 1s Incorporated 1n this
synfuel s demonstration.
The first and second drafts of volumes I, II, and III of the Pollution Control
Guidance Document for direct coal liquefaction are being completed. This wfll
provide guidance for the EPA Regions in the Environmental Impact Statement and
permit appl ication review for this Industry.
Sampling and analysis at the Exxon Donor Solvent and H-Coal pilot plant are
being conductea. This will provide a data base for the Pollution Control
Guidance Document and tne Agency's standard setting-office for direct coal
1 iquefactlon.
The final Pollution Control Guidance Documents for 1 ow BTU coal gasification.
Indirect coal 1 iouefactlon and oft shale processing are being completed.
These will provide guidance to Regional permit reviewers as to recommended
control technology and provide developers with advance Information concerning
control technology needs so as to avoid costly retrofit.
Public forums on the low BTU gasification and Indirect liquefaction Pollution
Control Guidance Documents are being held to help disseminate information on
the pollution control needs of this industry.
Pollution Control Guidance Document efforts in lurgi high and medium BTU
processes are being initiated. This wfll provide information on the
recommended pollution control technology for these important synfuel s
Industries.
The sampling and analysis program at Occidental ofl shale retort burns 7 and
8 1s being Initiated. This will provide a data base for Pollution Control
Guidance Documents and standard setting in the ofl shale industry.
Bench scale effluent treatability studies for ofl shale processes are being
completed. This will help describe cost effective control technology for of!
shale processes.
Alcohol From Blomass
The environmental assessment of ethanol production from blomass is being
completed. This will characterize all emissions/effluent from this process
and thus provide a data base for the Pollution Control Guidance Document and
the standard-setting process.
Multimedia sampling at three alcohol production facilities utilizing cellulose
and sugar feedstocks Is being completed. This wfll compare the emissions/
effluent from alcohol production as a function of feedstock and provide input
to standard setting.
A preliminary analysis of air pollution control costs on alcohol production
facilities is being completed. This will provide cost effective pollution
control of emissions from alcohol production.
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Geothermal
An assessment of 1 arge-scal e, long-term subsurface Injection for geothermal
fluids, and the development of techniques for remotely sensing the movement
of Injected geothermal fluids are being conducted. These projects wfll
enable site developers to comply with drinking water aquifer production and
subsidence prevention regulations under the underground injection program.
Preparation of a Pollution Control Guidance Document for hydrothermal
geothermal energy is being prepared and sampling and analysis programs on
associated discharges are being conducted. This will provide guidance to
EPA Regional permit reviewers, DOE, and resource developers, and will be an
Input to the standard-setting and review process.
A Best Available Methods Manual for sampling and analysis of geothermal
liquids, gases and solids 1s being prepared. This will enable developers
and regulators to assemble data for permits, process engineering and com-
pliance monltorin on a consistent and cost-effective basis.
Sol ar
The study of air emission impacts of potential solar energy use in three
metropolitan air quality control regions 1s being completed. The results
will be used to identify specific emission sources to which solar energy
systems can be applied in compliance planning.
Several analyses attempting to anticipate the significant environmental
problems associated with the manufacture and/or use of solar energy
technologies are being conducted. These studies wfll enable EPA, DOE.
and technology developers to take early steps to Insure that environmental
Impacts are minimized.
Fluidized Bed Combustion
Several industrial sized fluldlzed bed bofl ers for sulfur oxide, nitrogen
oxide and particulates are being monitored. This wfll provide support for
the development of air emission standards for Industrial bofl ers.
Chemically Active Fluid Bed
Demonstration of the use of coal as a fuel 1n the Chemically Active Fluid
3ed utility demonstration 1n San Benito, Texas 1s being conducted. This
wfll provide for the environmentally sound use of coal in a gas-f1red utfl1ty
boiler 1n accordance with the National Energy Plan.
Petrol eum Refining
Sampling and analysis for volatile organic compounds from wastewater
treatment plants at five petroleum refineries is being conducted.
Strategy Research Program
The legislatively required analysis of the Department of Energy's
conservation and solar energy programs 1s continuing.
The development of advanced analytic models for determining the economic,
energy and pollution release consequences of environmental regulation Is
continuing.
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Major support for the assessment efforts required by the U.S.-Canada
Memorandum of Intent on Transboundary Air Pollution will be continued.
These assessments on the emission rates of acid rain precursors and on
the transport and effect of acid rain will provide the technical support
for future negotiations on an international agreement on transboundary air
poll utlon.
1 9S1 Expl anatlor of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1931 5u3get estimate column are derived from
"crosswal king" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented In the 1981 current estimate reflected In this
submission. The details of the restructuring of the Research and Development program,
as well as the crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found In the Special Analyses
section of this submission.
The net decrease of $76,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted 1n a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and
Expenses. The reduction applied to this activity is $22,100.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of
$38,300 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 mill 1 on; a
decrease of $500 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $38,800 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and 1s Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammlngs to real Ign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $46,000 to other activities.
- A transfer of $1,000 was made to the Administrative law Judges to provide
additional resources to support a new program for instituting dvfl
noncompliance penalties under Section 120 of the Clean A1r Act.
- A transfer of $200 was made to the radiation media 1n order to support the
Radiation Policy Council .
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 , "fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel ; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900
1s being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&B) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activity is $6,800.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $14,964,800 and 59 permanent workyears for this
sub-program, of which $4,31 6,900 Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$10,647,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The Environmental Engineering and Technology Program element was reduced by
$8,865,900. This decrease results from reduced levels of support for the Strategy
Research Program, petroleum refining emissions study, direct coal liquefaction, geothermal
and energy programs. The decrease also results from a transfer of add precipitation
activities to the Add Rain Program Element. It also reflects a reduction in ORO's
support for the development of pollution control guidance documents for synthetic fuels
and alternate energy resources. This reduction 1s consistent with a reduction in the
Federal government's Involvement In the Solvent Refined Coal I and II demonstration
pi ants.
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The Chemically Active Fluid Bed demonstration and environmental assessment program,
as well as the alcohol production from biomass orogram, are scheduled to be completed as
planned in 1981, and therefore are not Included 1n the 1982 submission. In addition,
fluidlzed bed combustion has been deleted from the 1982 program. Most of this program
will be Included in the Department of Energy's direct combustion program. In-s1tu coal
gasification, solar and alcohol from biomass program were el Imlnated because of reduced
funding levels and emphasis on near-term Synfuel s from coal and oil shale processes.
Synfuel s from Coal and Ofl Shal e
Pollution Control Guidance Documents for medium BTU coal gasification, Lurgi
high STU coal gasification and direct coal liquefaction will be completed.
This will complete the first series of Pollution Control Guidance Documents
for the Agency. Thse documents wfll provide guidance to the EPA Regions as
to recommended control technologies to allow for a realistic review of
Environmental Impact Statement and permit appl icatlons.
Comprehensive data gathering of a variety of domestic and foreign bench,
pilot, demonstration and commercial synthetic fuel facilities (coal gasifica-
tion, indirect and direct coal liquefaction and ofl shale) 1n support of
the region, the program office and enforcement activities will be conducted.
Emphasis will be on control effectiveness, applicability, cost, energy penalty
and residual characterization.
Support for the EPA Regions in the area of Environmental Impact Statement,
Prevention of Significant Deterioration and New Source Performance Standard
reviews will be continued. This will help assure that realistic permits wfll
be written in a timely manner for synthetic fuels.
Control technology for disposal of retorted ofl shale and raw oil shale
will be developed, demonstrated and validated. This wfll hel o assure that
cost effective control technology wfll be avafl able to minimize the Impact
of solid waste for this Important synfuel technology.
Petrol eum Refining
Emissions/effluents at a petroleum refinery wfll be compared with those at
various synfuel plants to determine relative impact and associated control
costs for similar fuel products.
Geothermal
Preparation of a Pollution Control Guidance Document for hydrothermal
geothermal energy will be continued and sampling and analysis programs on
associated discharges wfll be completed. This will provide guidance to EPA
Regional permit reviewers, 00E and resource developers, and provide input
to the standard setting and review process.
Strategy Research Program
As required by Section 11 , P.L. 93-577, EPA will continue to conduct an
annual review of the Federal Non-Nuci ear Energy Research and Development
Program.
LIM8
Initiate planning and engineering design for a short-term LIMB prototype
program In a small water table boiler to evaluate operational problems that
might be caused by the additional solids.
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Changes From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $6,417,800 from the January budget, of which
$33,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $6,384,500 is for Research and Development.
The effects of this decrease are summarized In the 1982 Plan section above.
ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1930 Accomplishments
In 1930, the Agency used a total of $3,107,400 for this sub-program, of wnich
$169,400 was for Salaries and Expenses and $3,233,000 was for extramural research
activities.
An analysis of the ambient air quality data collected at the Kosovo,
Yugoslavia coal gasification plant was completed. Significant con-
centrations of potentially health Iraparing organic air pollutants were
found which were directly traceable to fugitive emissions from the
synfuel plant.
The air quality monitoring and modeling effort at the western Colorado oil
shale extraction area was Initiated with particular emphasis on visibility
Impairment 1n the adjacent Federal Class i area.
Multimedia environmental monitoring strategies were developed for commercial
scale fluldtzed bed coat combustion and low BTU coal gasification plants so
as to direct the facility emission and discharge sampling programs.
A groundwater monitoring system design report was completed for situations
Involving above-ground oil shale retorting facilities supplied with shale
from underground mines. Preliminary designs were completed for modified
in-situ operations.
A study to evaluate the environmental effects of pollutants from coal
gasification technologies was Initiated.
A study to provide guidance for the use of non-mined wastes as soil
amendments on coal and oil shale spoils was completed.
The use of vegetation that can withstand the arid conditions of surface mined
lands In the west 1s needed to reclaim these areas. A user-oriented report
was completed which Identifies plant materials for use on mined lands in arid
and semi-arid regions.
Documentation for stablil1z1ng mine spoils 1n surface mined areas of the
nothern Great Plains was completed. The transfer of this technology to
state agencies and mining companies Is In the final phase of completion.
A field deployable flow reactor, and efficient delivery system, and a clean
air dilution systen were developed to characterize secondary aerosol products
formed through atmospheric reactions Involving synfuel emissions.
A 16 day ambient air study outside the fencellne of the commercial medium
BTU lurgl coal gasification plant In Kosovo, Yugoslavia, was conducted.
Thirty organic compunds in five classes {CH0, CHN, CHS, aliphatic and
aromatic) were indentlfied.
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A monitoring strategy for multi-media environmental effects of fluldlzed
bed combustion plants was developed and published.
New methods for revegetation of surface mined lands been developed. These
Include direct seeding and sofl Improvement techniques.
Through cooperative research Involving EPA and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, a program has been Initiated to develop strategies for dealing
with the Prevention of Slgnlcant Deterioration (PSD) regulation of the
Dean Air Act. This strategy 1s urgently needed to assist EPA and land
managers in decisions Involving the siting of new energy-rel a ted industries.
1 981 Program
In 1981 , the Agency has allocated a total of S4,022,100 and 1 permanent workyear
to this sub-program, of which 5218,700 Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,803,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Field monitoring protocols for coal and oil shale sites are being developed
to assist 1n the development of mitigation actions to protect groundwater,
and a groundwater monitoring system is being developed to provide an early
warning m the event of 1 eakage at a site designed to dispose of hazardous
wastes generated by electric utility operations.
Improved atmospheric dispersion models are being developed for use in eval-
uating compl lance with air qual 1ty standards and Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) 1n areas of complex terrain, especially in the mountainous
areas of the western United States.
Data are being collecting to provide Input for a model to develop protocols
and methods for testing the environmental effects of complex synfuel mixtures.
Specific tasks Include the setting of exposure 1 evel s to use 1n designing
1 ongten* chronic and systems level b1o-assays of Solvent Refined Coal (SRC)
liquids; the defining of the hazards of synfuel products; and the providing
of a base for environmental regulations governing the production and use of
SRC material s.
The potential for chronic leaching of abandoned oil shale retorts 1n being
quantified. Surface and subsurface gel ogical factors that can be related to
aquifer characterlsties and groundwater movement are being Identified. This
information will aid 1n the selection of potential sites to be developed
for oil shale facilities.
New and/or existing "8est Management Practices" for the protection of top
sofl and reclamation of surface mined areas 1n arid and semi-arid areas
of the U.S. are being developed and evaluated. The development of Improved
plant materials to reclaim surface mined lands of arid and semi-arid areas
of the western coal mining region wfl 1 be continued.
The acute and chronic effects of pollutants discharged or emitted for
oil shal e mining and processing on freshwater organisms are being studied.
This work includes: 0) Identifying and quantltatlng the waste products
from ofl shale mining and the chemicals used and formed by the refinement
processes Involved; (2) testing the acute and chronic effects of the wastes
on aquatic organisms; (3) determining the possible bloaccumul ation of organic
compunds 1n aquatic animals; (4) Identifying potential pollutants which may
enter the aquatic envlronement from these processes; and (5) recommending
which pollutants should be treated or removed before wastewaters are released
In the environment.
E-25
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Strategies wfl 1 be developed to deal the Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) part of the Clean Air Act for the protection of fish,
wildlife, and their habitats.
A monitoring strategy for 1 ow-medium coal gasification and indirect coal
liquefaction is being prepared.
A groundwater monitoring system is being developed to provide early warning
in the event of leakage at a site designed to dispose of hazardous wastes
generated by electric utfl ity operations.
In preparation for a FY-82 second study of the ambient air impacts of the
comnerical scale medium BTU coal gasification plant at Kosovo, Yugoslavia,
ambient organic monitoring techniques are being developed or adapted.
Emissions from various types of synfuel processes, e.g., low-medium 2TU coal
gasification, indirect coal liquefaction, indirect coal liquefaction, direct
coal 11ouefact1on, oil shale retorting, or solvent refined coal !SRC II etc.).
will be examined using the flow reactor system to determine atmospheric
reaction rates and products.
A prel ininary characterization of dissolved organic compunds 1n the Uhite
River of Colorado 1s being performed. The White River, and one of its
tributaries, the Piceance Creek, drain an area of Intense ofl e shale
development activities. This effort Is part of an Interagency coordinated
effort also Involving USGS and DOE.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
'crosswal king" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1 981 current estimate reflected in the submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found In the Special Analyses section of the
submi ssion.
The net decrease of $238,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of S7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity is $500.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde consulting services by $3.8 mfllion; a decrease
of $100 was applied to this activity.
- An Increase of $2,200 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resul ted In a transfer of $500 from other activities.
- Transfer of $70,000 to energy-hazardous pollutants to perform work related to
alternate fuels research Initiative and to obtain Information on ofl shale.
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- Offsetting transfers of $28,700 were made to realign contract funds-- $28,700
was transferred within the S 4 E appropriation to energy environmental processes
and effects 1n this same subactlvlty; $28,700 was transferred within the
Research and Development appropriation from energy environmental processes and
effects 1n this same subactlvlty.
- Transfer of $1 71 ,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts on Love Canal .
1982 Plan
The Agency reouests a total of $2,695,200 and 1 permanent workyear for this sub-
program, of which $332,700 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,362,500
1s for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $1 ,326,900. Due to a reordering of Agency priorities, support
for the following research wfll be reduced: FSP guidance research, blomonltoring for
coal extraction, and atmospheric simulation of pollutant transport. In addition the
mining and reclamation research program wfll be almost entirely phased out since most
of the research projects were scheduled to be completed within the next year or two.
Funds necessary for the publication of user handbooks wfll be provided.
Reclanatlon and revegetation techniques to minimize the transport of radio-
active materials from uranium mine tail Ings wfll be developed.
Research will focus on the biological consequences of diverting water for
various uses, Including energy production In arid and semi-arid portions of
the United States.
Data wfll be collected to provide Input for a model to develop protocols and
methods for testing the environmental effects of complex synfuel mixtures.
This Information wfll be used to define the hazards of synfuel products, to
provide a basis for environmental regulations governing production and use of
these synfuel materials.
An ambient air study of emissions from the commercial-seal e medium 3TU Lurgl
coal gasification plant at Kosovo, Yugoslavia will be expanded. This study
wfll measure specific organic conpounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene,
pyrrole and classes of organic compounds such as mercaptalns, thlophenes,
pyridines, phenols and polycycllc organics. The Kosovo gaslfier represents
an uncontrolled gasification system. The results will be used to evaluate
various control strategies.
A monitoring guidance document will be prepared for each of the synfuel tech-
nologies. Indirect 1 iquefaction will be addressed 1n 1982.
The final phase of an assessment of the Impact of ofl shale development on the
levels of organic compounds 1n the White River will be Implemented.
Change From Janaury Request
This request represents a decrease of $1 ,51 7,500 and 1 permanent worttyear fron the
January budget, of which $1 7,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1 ,300,000 is for
Research and Development. This decrease will result in reduced efforts in methods for
determining the efforts of energy pollutants on fish and wildlife management practices.
ACID RAIN
1980 Accompl Ishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $1,946,800 for this sub-program, of which $177,700
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,769,100 was for extramural research activities.
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The short-term assessment program was completed with publications identifying
sensitive areas in the eastern U.S., Including lakes and streams, bedrock
geology and soil types. These results allow EPA to focus Its research in areas
that are or may become adversely impacted by acid precipitation.
The analysis of the resul ts of the first year of a study involving the impacts
of simulated acid rain on 28 agricultural crop species was completed and pub-
lished. This study wftl provide EPA with important preliminary information
regarding the effects of acid precipitation on crops.
A first approximation of sulfur accumulation in southeastern forest ecosystems
was provided. Within two ecosystems, the largest sink for sulfur occurred in
the forest soil , where 97i of the total deposition of sulfur accumulated.
Results from rainfall simulation studies Indicated that the growth of soybean
pinto bean were inhibited by simulated add rainfall . The data will contrib-
ute to our knowledge base for determining the effects of acid precipitation
on agronomic crops.
The Critique of Methods to Measure Dry Deposition: Workshop Sunwiary (EPA-
600/9-80-050) was pub! fshed. This publication assesses dry deposition methods
for routine monitoring use and provides direction for development of the more
accurate methods that will be necessary for EPA to understand the importance
of dry deposition in evaluating the total acid deposition problem.
Remote add rain basel ine sites such as Australia, Venezuela Alaska, Colorado,
Bermuda and Amsterdam Island were established through an EPA-NOAA Interagency
Agreement.
The MAP3S/RAINE program performed in the DOE-afffl lated national labora-
tories was restructured In 1 ine with EPA objectives 1n addressing the add
rain Issues. In 1980, a comprehensive statistical analysis was performed
on precipitation monitoring data collected over a 3 year time period.
HAPS3S/RA2NE models were executed from practical impact analyses, such as
the mutual export/Impact of acidic species over the U.S. Canadian border;
the oil blackout scenario; and the relative Impact of point vs. area sources
on acid rain.
A national acid precipitation data system was established and is entering
data from several networks. This system will allow EPA and others to
establish and analyze acid deposition 1 evel s and trends to understand
the extent and magnitude of the acid deposition problem.
1981 Program
In 1981 , the Agency has allocated a total of J?,1 66,500 and 4 permanent
workyears to this sub-program, of which SZ1 5,400 1s for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 56,951 ,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In response to a congressional mandate, the FY1 981 acid precipitation program
was increased by $1 ,5H. This increase was split between the Multimedia Energy and
Sases and Particles Energy programs. The acid rain program el ewent 1 n the Multimedia
program was increased by S500K, and the Environmental Engineering and Technology
program element 1n the Gases and Particles Energy program was Increased by the
remaining $1 .OM. The S500K 1n this program 1s being used to acclerate studies on
dry deposition; assess impacts on surface and groundwater, and on forest soils;
and to conduct activities supporting the U.S.-Canadian Work Group. An add depo-
sition issue paper will be prepared by leading U.S. scientists summarizing current
scientific knowledge of the acid rain phenomenon.
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Both biological and chemical Issues relevant to determining the ecological
Impact of acid precipitation on aquatic systems are being evaluated and
assessed. Several appropriate areas known to receive acid precipitation will
be selected for study. Historical records will be compiled and field surveys
wfll be conducted to provide data for models used to predict future conditions
under various scenarios of precipitation acidity.
Surveys of the water chemistry and biology of lakes and streams in the upper-
midwest, northeast, and mid-Atlantic region are being continued. The studies
are oriented to determine the relationships between water qua! ity/acidity and
biological status.
An analysis of historical lake data to assess the rate of change of lakes in
pristine and polluted areas is being continued. Chemical and biological
Indicators for past, present, and future comparison of the Impacts of acid
precipitation on aquatic ecosystems are being establ Ished.
Dose/response studies at experimental research sites are being continued to
determine the Impacts of acid precipitation on physical and biological
components of aquactlc ecosystems. The results of cause and effect studies
and methodologies which relate the decline of fish populations to the
acidification of waters by acid precipitation are being assessed.
Research Involving sofl s wfll Include the effects of acid precipitation on the
mobilization of toxic metals, sofl nitrogen reactions, microbial processes and
transformations, and nutrient availability to vegetation. An understanding
of these potential impacts will be used to Improve the Identification of
sensitive areas and the assessment of impacts on forest and aauatlc systems.
Agricultural impact studies relevant to crop yield effects are being expanded
to evaluate both sulfate and nitrate components and the Interactive effects of
these pollutants with ozone sulfur dioxide. Dose/response functions are being
devel oped.
Studies to evaluate the impacts of acid precipitation on drinking waters are
being continued.
Forest oriented research will Include the completion of a model ecosystem
study and continued research to evaluate acid rain Impacts on interactions
Involving fugal-conifer relationships and nutrient cycling as related to
optimal forest growth.
Research involving the effects of add precipitation on building stones and
statues 1s being continued in FY 51 and field studies to evaluate dry
deposition on natural surfaces, are being performed.
Methodologies, theoretical studies, laboratory studies, field studies and dry
deposition maps of the North American Continent are being continued. This
effort is part of the MAP3S/RA1NE program.
Continuing leadership of the Federal Acid Precipitation Task Force is being
provided, and an Issue paper summarizing current scientific knowledge of the
acid precipitation phenomenon will be prepared.
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1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate col uin are derived from
"crosswal king" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented In the 1981 current estimate reflected in this
submission. The detail s of the restructuring of the research and devel opment program,
as well as the crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found In the Special Analyses section
of this submission.
The net increase of S51 6,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity is $600.
- The Congress added SI .5 mfll 1 on to the budget estimate for acid rain research;
$500,000 of the Increase was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by S850.000; a decrease
of $900 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $3,100 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is included in proposed suppl ementa) appropriation.
- Reprograimings to real Ign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $700 from other activities.
- 0MB Bulletin <81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1901 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel ; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900
is being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits.
The reduction applied to this activity Is $1 ,000.
- Agencywide Increases are required 1n order to fund the PC4B deflcltes; the
Increase applied to this activity is $1 5,300.
1 982 PI an
The Agency request a total of $9,037,400 for this sub-program and 4 permanent
workyears of which $229,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $8,807,500
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $1 ,876,900. This Increase results from the transfer
of a program dealing with mitigation strategies fro» the Engineering and Technology
Program Element to the Acid Rain Program Element 1n the Multimedia Energy program. In
addition to this transfer, the Increase wfll provide for the following research: (1) an
assessment of data bases that have been completed for lake stream, soft , groundwater, and
forest ecosystem impacts the eastern states; (2) the Initiation of a study to identify
area in the western U.S. that are sensitive to acid deposition; and (3) an evaluation of
the contamination of groundwater suppl ies by acid precipitation.
The location of aquatic and terrestrial systems which are sensitive to acid
precipitation wfll be refined from the knowledge base developed in FY 80/81 .
Criteria for evaluating nutrient and toxic metal transport in soils and
water wfll be established. The impacts of acid precipitation on sofl , water,
and sediment chemistry will be identified.
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Survey and assessments of acid precipitation Impacts on lakes, streams, and
terrestrial systems will be continued.
The data base for evaluating the Impacts of acid rain on agroncnlc crops will
be improved. Threshold damage levels and dose/response curves will be developed
for important crop species. Studies will also focus on the crop effects of
anftlent acid rain in the northeastern United States. Impacts on growth, yield,
and Quality will be emphasized.
The results and conclusions of acid rain and sulfur dioxide/ozone Inter-
action studies Involving crop and yield effects will be presented 1n
report form.
Summary reports on the impacts of acid precipitation on stone and status
will be prepared.
An evaluation of changes in tap water quality relevant to acid precipitation
effects will be provided. Health risks associated with wate^ chemistry.
Including heavy metal contamination, wfl 1 be determined.
The cost effectiveness of possible control measures for acid precipitation
will be determined. Add precipitation control options relevant to coal
supply and transportation will be assessed.
The field studies and modeling of acid deposition under project MAP3S/RAINE
will continue. Final results are expected In the FY 83-84 timeframe.
Development of analysis tools for more accurately assessing the costs and
benefits of alternative emission control strategies wfll be continued. These
required analysis tools wfll allow more detail ed analysis of the economic
and energy Impacts on specific sources and source categories.
Support for activities of the Federal Acid Precipitation Task Force wfll be
continued.
Research strategies wfll be developed (in cooperation with othe>- Agencies)
for controlled forest ecosystem studies In areas Impacted by acid precipitation.
A study to Identify areas 1n the western U.S. that are sensitive to add
deposition wfll be initiated, and historical soil and geological data, and
water quality Information wfll be assessed for the development of maps wtilch
show the locations of sensitive terrestrial and aquatic systems.
Changes From January Request
There is no change from the January Request.
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ENERGY
Oxidants - Energy
Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
idoi lars in thousands')
Appropriation
Energy Health Effects:
Salaries and Expenses $43 $ 10 $11 $10 -1
Research and Development 1 ,308 1 ,392 1 ,376 711 -655
Energy Environmental
Engineering and Technology:
Salaries and Expenses 1,569 1 ,514 1 ,417 1 ,813 »396
Research and Development 1 1 ,099 10,970 10,970 10,781 -189
Energy Environmental
Processes and Effects:
Salaries and Expenses 24 26 26 ... -26
Research and Development 395 379 379 -379
Total :
Salaries and Expenses 1 ,636 1 ,550 1,454 1 ,823 +369
Research and Development 12,802 12,741 12,725 11 ,492 -1,233
Grand Total 14,438 14,291 14,179 13,315 -864
Permanent Positions
Energy Environmental
Engineering and Technology 22 20 20 22 *2
Full-Tine Equivalency
Energy Environmental
Engineering and Technology 33 30 30 33 »3
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructurlng.
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,314,500 and 22 permanent workyears for 1982, a
decrease of $864,600 from 1981. Included 1n this total Is $1,822,600 for Salaries and
Expenses and $11,491,900 for Research and Development, with an increase of $368,900 and
a decrease of $1,233,500, respectively.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Oxidants and Energy Research
Committees. The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the program are integrated
Into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on Agency
research needs in this subject area.
The overall program provides EPA's regulatory decision makers, the Regional offices
and local and state implementation agencies with the scientific and technological data
base to optimize this nation's energy development and self-reliance with minimal deleterious
E-32
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Performance Standards (NSPS) and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The
specific research areas covered are as follows: (a) assessment of the human and ecological
effects of ozone and other photochemical oxidants, and (b) development and evaluation of
control technologies for oxidant precursor emissions. In order to fully complete the
objectives of this program, resources are devoted to assessing the long-term impacts of
oxidant pollution derived from energy-related pollutants. These studies focus on assessing
the health and ecological effects of oxidants and on developing and evaluating new control
technologies for oxidants (e.g., ozone) and its precursors (nitrogen dioxide and
hydrocarbons).
Activities and program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually in
the foil owing material .
ENERGY HEALTH EJECTS
1 980 Accompl ishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of fl ,351 ,500 for this sub-program, of which 543,400
was for Salaries and Expenses and SI ,308,100 was for extramural research activities.
The protocol for a court-mandated epidemiological study to examine the effects of
elevated levels of oxidants on asthmatic persons 1n the Los Angeles area was completed.
Animal Inhalation toxicology studies designed to determine the Influence of ozone
and nitrogen dioxide on the clearance of particulates, and to adapt to intermittent
nitrogen dioxide spikes slnulatlng urban levels were continued. A manuscript on
Incomplete adaptation following nitrogen dioxide exposure was completed.
An animal Inhalation toxicology study designed to determine 1f ozone can act as a co-
carcinogen in specimens previously exposed to carcinogens was continued.
1 981 Program
In 1981 , the Agency has allocated a total of SI ,387,600 to this sub-program, of
which $11 ,300 1s for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $1 ,376,300 is for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
The Los Angeles Asthma study will proceed with funds allocated from the 1980 budget.
This study will Investigate associations between elevated oxidant levels and pulmonary
impairment 1n normal and asthmatic persons 1n the South Coast Air Basin.
Work on the clinical study Involving exposure of persons with chronic obstructive
lung disease (COLD) to 0.12ppm (and possibly higher concentrations) of ozone will be
continued. Positive findings would indicate the Inadequacy of the present standard,
while negative findings would provide a firmer scientific basis for the standard.
The development of methods for PAN aerosol dispersion wfl 1 be Initiated. A study of
the combined effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide wfll be initiated.
The assessment of pulmonary morphological Indicators of oxidant damage 1n experimental
animals will be completed.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswal king" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented 1n the 1981 current estimate reflected In this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found In the Special Analyses section of this
submi sslon.
E - 33
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The net decrease of 51 4,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted In a
decrease of S7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity Is $100.
- An Increase of SI 00 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and 1s
Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprograwnings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of SI00 from other activities.
- Transfer of 51 5,300 to energy-hazardous pollutants to perform work related to
al ternate fuels research Initiative and to obtain Information on oft shale.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCAB deficits; the increase
appl led to this activity If SI ,000.
1 982 PI an
The Agency requests a total of $721 ,100 for this sub-program, of which $1 0,000 1s
for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $711 ,100 Is for extramural purposes
under the Research and Oevel opwent Appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $665,500. Research on the health effects of ozone and other
photochemical oxidants wfll be deferred In! 982 so that the research 1s 1n phase with
the criteria document revision cycle. The decrease also results from the elimination
of some epidemiology research on pollutants associated with conventional coal combustion.
The court-mandated Los Angeles Asthma study will be continued. Information
obtained from this study wfll be used to evaluate current and future ozone
standards.
The second year of the Los Angeles epidemiological study Investigating the
association between elevated oxidant levels and a broad range of human health
end points wfll be continued.
Investigation of the effects of nitrogen dioxide in combination with ozone or
nuisance particulates on particle clearance In experimental animals of different
age and susceptibility will be completed.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $500,100 from the January budget, of which
$100 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $500,000 Is for Research and Development. This
decrease wfll result In a reduction of research on the health effects of ozone and other
photochemical oxidants, and the elimination of some epedemlol ogy research on pollutants
from conventional coal conbustlon.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1 980 Accompl 1 shments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $1 2,668,000 for this sub-program, of which
$1 ,569,100 was for Salaries and Expenses and $11 ,098,900 was for extramural research
activities.
- A 1 ow N0X burner at an Industrial coal-fired bofl er host site was installed. The
goal of this program 1s to reduce N0X emissions from pulverized coal-fired industrial
boilers to 0.2-0.3 pounds of N0X per mflllon BTU heat Input (a 70-8C percent
reduction from uncontrolled emissions).
E-34
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A 30 day, long-term NO* emissions monitoring program to support the establishment
of a Standard of Performance for Industrial Bofl ers was completed.
- A pilot scale evaluation of a new heavy ofl burner for use In o 11 field steamers
was completed. This burner 1s capable of reducing N0X emissions to less than
lOOppn which would allow for the expanded production of heavy oil 1n Cal Ifornia
without degrading the environmental qual Ity.
- In cooperation with the Department of Energy, a pilot scale evaluation of two
flue gas treatment processes for N0X control and simultaneous SCx/N0x control
was conpleted.
1 981 Program
In 1981 , the Agency has allocated a total of SI 2,386,700 and 20 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $1 ,41 6,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
and $10,970,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
- The first 30 day Intensive test program at the industrial bofl er low N0X burner
demonstration site and the Initiation of an 1 8 month long term performance evalua-
tion program will be conpleted.
- The effectiveness of the EPA developed heavy ofl burner in a 50 million BTU per
hour oil fiel d steamer will be demonstrated.
- A pilot scale evaluation of the simultaneous S0x/N0x control process Is being
conducted. This technology has the potential to reduce the cost of S0X compliance
by up to 50 percent when compared to the current state of the art.
- Documentation of the effectiveness and cost associated with the combustion of
coal fi i me stone pellets 1s being completed. The pellet fuel offers an opportunity
to lower the cost of S0X control for stoker fired boilers when compared to the
current state-cf-the-art.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived froir
"crosswal ki ng" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented 1n the 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found In the Special Analyses section of this
submission.
The net decrease of $97,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted 1n a
decrease of $7 mfll ion to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $5,800.
- An Increase of $1 5,600 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and Is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammlngs to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $3,400 to other activities.
t-35
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- OMB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction," required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1 ,795,900 Is being used to
fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is S13.900.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in oroer to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity Is $60,000.
- An internal aqencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $30,000.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $12,593,400 and 22 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, of which $1,812,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $10,780,800
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $206,700. The Increase will permit the accelerated
development and demonstration of the limestone Injection/multi-stage burner (1.1MB) sul'ur
oxide control process. The LIMB process has the potential to significantly '¦educe the
cost of canpHance with State Implementation Plans and New Source Performance Standards.
The technological risk associated with this program is very high; therefore, the partici-
pation of the government is needed to assure that the LIMB process 1s developed in a
timely manner.
- EPA will perform comprehensive boiler performance and emissions characterization
tests at the Industrial and utility boiler low N0X burner demonstration sites. In
addition, the limestone injection into multi-stage burners will continue to be moved
as rapidly as possible toward demonstration in full scale, operating boilers. Both
the low N0X burner and the limestone injection into multi-stage burners efforts are
designed to develop low cost, effective environmental control systems which would
permit the United States to expand domestic coal usage wfiile preserving the quality
of our environment. The program provides for:
- Completion of the 18 month performance evaluation which was initiated 1n FY 81
of low N0X coal combustion systems which are applicable to tangentlally and
wall-fired utility boilers. The program goals are: N0X emission rates of 0.2
pounds of N0X per million BTU at an incremental cost of less than $8 per
kilowatt of generating capacity.
- Completion of the 18 month performance evaluation of low N0X coal burners which
are applicable to wall fired Industrial boilers In the 100,000 to 1,000,000 pounds
of steam per hour range. The program goals are: N0X emission rates of 0.2 pounds
of N0X per million BTU at an Incremental cost of less than $8 per equivalent
electrical kilowatt.
- Completion of the field evaluation of the performance of low N0„ combustion
concepts applicable to coal-stoker fired industrial boilers. This study 1s
cooperatively funded by the American Boiler Manufacturers Association, the
Department of Energy, and the Environmental Protection Agency.
- Completion of the first phase of the demonstration of techniques to lower N0X
emissions from existing boilers to permit their cost effective compliance with
existing coal-Mred plume visibility regulations for Western utilities.
Successful demonstration would permit expanded coal usage In these areas, at
less than 1/2 the capital cost of flue gas treatment for N0X control and
significantly reduce the control cost passed on to the customer.
t-36
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- Complete the field demonstration of the EPA developed low NO* burner for heavy
oil. The burner would be demonstrated in a Thermal Enhanced 011 Recovery (TEOR)
boiler used in Kern County, Ca. The successful demonstration of this burner
would permit the expansion of oil production to an estimated 700,000 bpd in
compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for NO2.
- Continue the bench scale and pilot scale evaluation of limestone Injection using
advanced low N0X burner designs with an SO2 emission reduction goal of 50-70
percent and with an SO? control Incremental cost of SI 5-40 per kilowatt.
Successful demonstration of this technology could significantly lower the total
annual revenue requirement (estimated SO; reduction) and simultaneously permit
greater use of coal while preserving the quality of our environment.
Change From January Request
This reouest represents a decrease of $512,700 from the January budget, of which
$12,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $500,000 Is for Research and Development, this
decrease will result In fewer Characterization tests of boiler performance and emissions
at low NQX burner demonstration sites.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $413,900 for this sub-program, of which $23,500
was for Salaries and Expenses and $395,400 was for extramural research activities.
- The data base has been completed for a three level model which relates ozone stress
to the sensitivity of three genetic categories of ponderosa pine-sensitive, inter-
mediate, and resistant. Data will be used to determine the extent of ozone induced
Inhibition in the growth of ponderosa pine, a major western timber species.
- The relationship between the growth of ponderosa pine and the rate of photosynthesis
as controlled by ozone stress was established. This relationship will be used to form
the basis for relating the process of photosynthesis to ponderosa pine productivity.
Through additional measurements of photosynthesis, the impacts of ozone and other
pollutants can be predicted for other plant species.
- A portable battery-powered device was developed to measure photosynthesis and water
loss rates for trees and field crops. The device can be used in the field to relate
the impacts of ozone and other pollutants on photosynthesis and the accumulation of
biomass.
- Initial results were presented which relate the Impacts of water stress to the
sensitivity of ponderosa pine to ozone. This Information can contribute support for
regional air quality standards as based on differences In moisture availability.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $404,800 to this sub-program, of which
$25,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses Apropriatlon and $378,900 Is for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
- A research strategy which discusses the use of the Zonal Air Pollution System for
field assessments of the impacts of ozone on crops 1s being developed.
- Automated field exposure systems for ozone studies are being developed for deployment
E - 37
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- Crop growth and yield models wfll be evaluated to predict the effects of air
pol 1 utants.
- The field study and data collection Involving the Impacts of ozone on ponderosa pine
1s being completed. This Information will be util (zed as Input to the Ozone Criteria
Document required under the CI ean A1r Act.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswal kinq" the program structure presented 1n the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented In the 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission.
The detafl s of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk, of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this
submission.
The net decrease of S300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1 981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted 1n a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity 1s $100.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde consulting services by $3.8 mflllon; a decrease
of $800 was appl led to this activity.
- An Increase of $100 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Agencywide Increases are required In order to fund the PCAB deficits; the Increase
appl led to this activity 1s $500.
1 982 PI an
In concert with a corresponding cut in the heal th effects sub-program 1n 1982, the
Agency requests no resources In this sub-program. Research on the environmental effects
of ozone and other photochemical oxidants wfl 1 be deferred 1n 1982 so that the research
1s In phase with the criteria document revision cycle.
Change Prom January Request
There Is no change form the January budget.
E-38
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ENERGY
Hazardous Pollutants Energy
Budget Current Increase -
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
(dollars in
thousand)
Appropriation
Energy Monitoring System and
Instrumentation Development:
Salaries ana Expenses
Research and Development
$80
377
$72
428
$81
385
• • •
» • •
-$81
-385
Energy Health Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development...
54
1 ,411
13
1,504
14
763
13
1,505
-1
~ 742
Energy Environmental
Engineering and Technology:
Salaries and Expenses.......
Research and Develooment
368
3.S76
480
3,161
465
2.858
...
-461
-2,858
Energy Environmental
Processes and Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
18
421
16
484
17
436
89
484
-72
*48
Total:
Salaries ani Expenses
Research and
Devel oosient
520
5,785
581
5,577
577
4,442
102
1,989
-475
-2,453
Grand Total
6,305
6,158
5,019
2,091
-2.928
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Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1931* 19S1 19S2 1982 vs. 1981
Permanent Positions
Energy Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation Development...
1
1
-1
Energy health E'fects Energy
Environmental Engineering and
Tecnnology
7
S
6
-6
Energy Environmental Processes
and Effects
...
...
...
1
+ 1
Total
8
9
•»
1
-5
Full-Time Eouivalency
Energy Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation Development
1
1
2
_2
Energy Health Effects Energy
Environmental Engineering and
Technology
1
11
9
i
-9
Energy Environmental Processes
and Effects
1
1
2
~ 2
Total
11
14
i *
3
-8
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
3udcet Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,090,900 and for 1 permanent workyear for 1982,
a decrease of $2,928,300 from 1981. Included In this total 1s S102,500 for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,988,400 for Research and Developnent, with decreases of $474,400 and
S2,453,900, respectively.
E-40
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°rogram Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Hazardous Air BoTlutants/
Energy Research Comnittees. The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the program
are integrated into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused
on Agency research needs in this subject area.
The overall program develops the Information necessary to evaluate potentially hazard-
ous air pollutant emissions problens associated with conventional energy systems and energy
conservation methods, and defines control techniques to litigate any significant problems
which are identified at a reasonable cost. The research program consists o' 1 major
components: (!) characterization of discharges and evaluation of cost effective pollution
control options: (2) gathering of health effects data for pollutants from energy-delated
sources a^>d developrient of testing and bioassay techniques; (31 development of near-field
air disoe^sion models for determining general population exposures to hazardous air pollu-
tants; and '¦*) development of hand-held monUoring systems and other instrumentation for
measuring HAPs and exposures to then in indoor and outdoor environments. Sources addressed
include stationary conventional combustion equipment (burning non-synthetic fuels) and the
indoor environment, as it is affected by indoor and outdoor sources, and by energy conser-
vation measures. A major output of the program is the scientific information needed for
the establishment of NESHA'S regulations and guidelines. The research includes the develop-
ment of source characterization data; health effects data; testing and assay methods for
screening HAPs; near-field air dispersion models for determining general population
exposures; and the development of monitoring systems and Instrumentation for improving
data collection. Another major output is the definition of indoor air quality. Character-
-.Zition of the indoor exponent of total exposure development or risk assessments fcr
indoor exposures, and development of cost effective control methods and systems for indoor
sources are a crucial aspect of this work. This data is needed to develop an understanding
of the significance of Indoor versus outdoor exposures to hazardous air polluants.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually in
the following material.
ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT
1930 Accomplishments
!n 1950, the Agency used a total of S456.600 for this sub-progran, of which $79,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $376,800 was for extramural research activities.
A gas chromatographic system employing a SC column etched on a 5 cm silicon wafer
and controlled by a microcomputer has been asserfcled into a 5 lb. package. The
system can be programmed to analyze up to 10 different gases simultaneously and
analyses are complete in less than one minute. This instrument will be used 1n
quantitating emissions from synfuel plants.
1931 Progran
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $465,800 and 1 permanent workyear to
this sub-progran, of vrtiich $80,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$385,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- °assive personal dosimeters which are commercially available are being evaluated for
use in measurement of hazardous organics at ambient air levels. These devices will
be used in exposure monitoring studies needed by 0AQPS 1n the development of national
ambient air quality standards.
£-41
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- The sensitivity of the miniature gas chromatograph is being increased from the present
ppn to ppb range. Validated protocols for measuring hazardous air pollutants utili-
zing the miniature gas chromatograph are being developed. These protocols will be
used by OAQPS to measure energy-related NESHAPS pollutants.
- A study is being conducted to determine the feasibility of producing a portable mass
spectrometer instrument for use in field measurements of complex fixtures of gas phase
pollutants. Such a measurement system would be used for field detection of hazardous
organic pollutants at spill sites and other sources.
1931 Explanation or Chanoe from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswal ki ng" the program structure presented in the 1981 Resident's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in tne 1931 current estimate reflected in this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this submis-
sion.
The net decrease of $33,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The "-eduction applied to
this activity is $500.
The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of 54,400
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $900 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reorogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $900 from other activities.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PC&S deficits; the in-
crease applied to this activity is $12,300.
- Transfer of $43,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support effects on Love Canal.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests no funds for this program In 1982. Research on the development
of exposure monitoring hardware was eliminated to allow for the enhancement of ORD's
hazardous air pollutant assessment capabilities.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $500,900 and 1 permanent workyear from the
January budget, of which $72,800 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $428,100 is for
Research and Development. This decrease will result in the elimination of the research
on the development of exposure monitoring hardware.
ENERGY HEALTH EFFECTS
1930 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $1,465,500 for this sub-program, of wtiich $54,200
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,411,300 was for extramural research activities.
- Eleven chromium compounds have undergone cell mutagenicity assays to determine their
relative toxicity.
E-42
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- factors influencing genotoxicity (freouencies of sister chromatid exchanges and
chrorosomal aberrations) for exposure to Inhaled benzene have been evaluated to
establish increases in genotoxicity of multiple pollutant exposures.
- A link between specific pulmonary lining proteins to certain pulmonary diseases
has been established. This link may serve as a marker for damage by air-borne
energyrelated pollutants.
- Initial stages of experiments were completed to determine hazardous gaseous co-
factors, such as formaloehyde, which enhance the potential of chemical carcinogens.
A study was 'nitiated on the perturbation of respiratory epithelium by energy-
related suostances, such as acrolein and phosgene, urtnch are on EPA's hazardous
substances list.
- Work was initiated to develop a method for chronic Implantation of a lymphatic
catheter for subsequent determination of lymphatic clearance rates of hazardous
particles of cadmium chloride, ferric oxide, asbestos, and glass fibers.
- Cellular markers were developed for assay of neoplastic development in pulmonary
11ssue.
Initial studies were completed to determine the effects of gaseous toxicants,
asbestos, and disease on enzymatic secretions and cell populations of the lung.
- An in vitro assay was developed to detect precancerous lesion in respiratory
epithel iirn of animals exposed ir vitro to hazardous pollutants such as dimethyl
benzantnracene and benzo (a) pyrene.
- Release devices were developed for In vivo testing of hazardous pollutants, such
as benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (e) pyrene, dimethyl benzanthracene and 3 methyl
cholanthrene in tracheal implants.
1951 Procran
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $777,100 to this sub-program, of »rfiich
$14,130 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $763,000 1s 'or extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- An in vitrp assay will be validated for detection of precancerous lesions following
chronic exposure to dimethyl benzanthracene.
- The development of release devices will continue for cancer promoting chemicals and
for water-insoluable Inorganic toxicants, such as manganese dioxide.
- Slx-and twelve-month sampling of exposure and control populations for determination
of cocarcinogenic activity of formaldehyde will be completed.
- Studies with acrolein and phosgene w1l1 be completed, as will sub-acute and chronic
exposures.
The development of a method for chronic Implantation of a lymphatic catheter will be
completed. A model of lymphatic clearance for inert particulates will be completed.
A model for lymphatic clearance of metals such as cadmium and iron will be completed
- Acute exposures to various fractions from a coal gasifer will be assayed using the
sister chromatid exchange in lung cells.
E-43
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1931 Explanations of Change frpn Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $740,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted 1n a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $100.
- The Congress directed a reprogranwing of funds tc provide for acuatic weed research;
$75,000 was transferred to pesticides environmental processes and effects.
- An increase of $200 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Transfer of $16,500 to energy environmental processes and effects, to perform
work related to alternate fuels research initiated and to obtain Information on
oil shale.
- Transfer of $191,000 to solid waste/non-energy, to support efforts on Love Canal.
The Department of Housing and Urban Qevel opment-Independent Agencies Appropriation
Act, 1981, permits a one percent transfer authority between appropriations. This
one percent authority is being Implemented by transferring funds from the Research
Development and the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation in order to fund PC&B deficits; the reduction applied
to this activity is $459,000.
- Agencywide increases are required 1n order to fund the PC&B deficits; the Increase
applied to this activity Is $1,100.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $1,517,600 for this sub-program, of which $13,100 is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,504,500 is for extramural purposes
under the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $740,500. The additional resources will be used to
conduct animal inhalation toxicity tests on hazardous air pollutants from the combustion
of oil shale.
- Animal inhalation toxicology studies will be continued to determine the effects,
responses to, and mechanisms of action of acute and chronic exposures to gaseous and
particulate pollutants, such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide 1n association with asbestos.
The assay for precancerous pulmonary lesions will be refined further, and develop-
ment of tracheal implant release will continue for water soluble organlcs,
particulates, and gaseous toxicants, such as diethyl nltrosamine, fly ash, and
sulfur dioxide.
- Promotion studies with formaldehyde as a cofactor will be completed. Analysis of
cocarcinogensis data will be completed. Measurements of pulmonary function after
six-and twelve-month exposures to acrolein and phosgene will be completed.
- Studies on the effects of pre-exposure to oxidants, such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide,
on lymphatic clearance of toxic particulates will be completed.
E-44
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investigation to correlate the sister chromatid exchange frequency with gene nutations
in lung cells will be initiated. A study on acute and chronic exposure to coai gasifier
emissions will be completed.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $100 from the January budget for salaries and
expenses. This decrease will not result 1n any significant programmatic impact.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
19SC Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency used a total of $3,943,600 for this sub-program, of which $367,500
was for Salaries and Expenses and S3,576,100 was for extramural research activities.
- Volatile organic compound emission factors for utility coal-fired power plants have
been updated using the data from 43 boilers firing bituminous and lignite coal,
residual oil , or gas.
- A paper entitled, "POM Emissions from the Stationary Conventional Combustion Processes,
with Emphasis on Polychlorinated Compounds of Dlbenzo-p-Dloxin Biphenyl and Dibenzofuran"
was updated.
" comparative environmental assessment report on the envlronmental impacts from
controlled coal-fired and oil-fired utility boilers was published.
- An assessrnent report on the POM emissions from residential wood combustion was published.
- Studies to monitor indoor air quality for N0X, CO and formaldehyde were initiated.
- An evaluation of sealants to reduce exposure to asbestos in the Indoor environment
was initiated.
Studies monitoring hydrocarbons from residential and commercial wood combustion are
being initiated.
- Assistance to 20 state and local agencies on requests for emissions factors associated
with wood combustion is being provided.
'.981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $3,323,600 and 6 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $465,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,858,300 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- The NI0SH study to determine total dally exposure to Indoor and outdor contaminants
by selected worker groups and their families is being continued.
- An evaluation of asbestos sealants for public buildings is being completed. This will
provide administrators of public buildings with a viable and cost-effective approach
to reducing public exposure to this known carcinogen.
The development and evaluation of a vacuum removal system for asbestos-bearing building
materials 1s being Initiated. This will enable the eventual removal of deteriorating
asbestos materials which release asbestos fibers to Indoor environments.
E-45
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- Remedial measures for reducing indoor radon concentrations in new and existing
buildings are being evaluated. Indoor radon exposures indoors have been linked to
lung cancer.
The activities of the Interagency Research Group on Indoor Air Quality, as it seeks
to define and execute a coordinated federal strategy for understanding the problems
of and remedies for pollution are being continued.
- A 2-year study of the effects of wood burning 1n a New England community is being
initiated.
1981 Explanation of Cnange from Budget Estimates
The net decrease of $318,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 rail lion to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $2,100.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.8 million; a decrease
of 512,900 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $3,500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included 1n a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $800 to other activities.
- Transfer of $303,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts on Love Canal.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,500,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PC&B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $3,100
1982 Plan
Due to austere financial conditions and a reordering of Agency priorities, the
Agency requests no resources for this sub-program In 1982. Data that is presently
available from several sites will still permit an evaluation of the environmental impact
of increased wood combustion, and indoor air pollution.
Change From January Request
This represents a decrease of $3,395,000 and 4 permanent workyears from the January
budget, of which $577,300 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $2,817,700 Is for Research
and Development. There will be no resources requested in 1982. This decrease will
result in the elimination of methods for examining various air cleanup devices and
removal of asbestos from building roterlals.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $439,000 for this sub-program, of which $18,400
was for Salaries and Expenses and $420,600 was for extramural research activities.
- Urban and non-urban relationships, global distributions, and dally doses of a large
number of selected hyrocarbons, halocarbons, and nitrous oxide were determined.
This data will be used to assess the impacts of these pollutants on the strato-
spheric ozone layer.
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1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of 5452,700 to this sub-program, of which
$15,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $435,900 is for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- Source apportionment methods employing chemical signatures of synfuel-related organic
emissions are being developed. These methods will be used to determine population
exposures and pollution isopleths in a localized area near these energy sources.
- The feasibility of developing a comprehensive master analytical scheme for energy-
related organics in air is being determined as Phase I of a development effort. A
plan for developing such a scneme is also being developed.
1931 Explanation of Chance from 3udget Estimate
The net decrease of $47,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity 1s $100.
- An increase of $200 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on board needs resulted
in a transfer of $200 from other activities.
- Transfer of $43,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts cn Love Canal.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PC4B deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is S500.
1982 °lan
The Agency requests a total of $573,300 and 1 permanent wcrkyear for this sub-program,
of which $89,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $483,900 is for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects an
increase of $120,600. The additional resources will be used to conduct research on the
transport and transportation of polar pollutants and organic particulates.
The chemical species balance method of determining the source of carbonaceous
atmospheric pollutants will be applied to a coal conversion plant.
The collection efficiencies involved in the capture, concentration and analysis
of gas-phase organic polar compounds from energy sources will be determined and
any potential artifact problems will be Identified. This will be Phase II of the
development of a master analytical scheme for organic pollutants in air.
The effort to determine the local impact on air quality of inorganic and organic
emissions from synthetic fuel production operations will be continued. The approach
entails putting in place a relatively dense network of samplers including some upwind
of the synfuel plant. The emissions at the source are measured as well.
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Change From January Request
This request represents an Increase of $72,800 and l permanent workyear from the
January budget for salaries and expenses. This »rlll result in accelerated research
on the transport and transformation of polar pollutants and organic particulates .
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ENERGY
Gases and ^articles - Energy
Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1931 1982 198? vs. 1981
(dollars m thousands]
Aprrccriation
Energy Monitoring
Systems/Instrument Development:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
$206
1.103
$186
1,746
$183
1.545
...
-$183
-1,545
Energy Health Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
98
2,582
23
2,731
25
2,701
23
1.931
- '70
Energy •nvirorenental
Engineering and Technology:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development.
1,154
7,633
1,497
11,057
1,391
1C.557
2,338
6,236
-947
-4,321
Energy Environment
Processes and Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
815
11 .191
713
6,943
653
6,325
1 .054
5.268
~401
-1.057
Total:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
2,273
22.5K
2,424
22.477
2,252
21,128
3,415
13,435
~ 1,163
-7.693
Grand Total
24,787
24,901
23,380
16.850
-6.S30
Permanent Positions
Energy Monitoring Systems/
Instrumentation Development
Energy Environmental Engineering
and "ecnnology
Energy Environmental Processes
and Effects
1
17
4
1
20
3
1
19
3
26
4
-1
*7
~ 1
Total 22 24 23 30 +7
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Budget Current Increase*
Actual Estimate Estimate Esti-vste Decrease-
1980 1981 * 1981 19S2 1982 vs. 1981
Ful 1 me Equivalency
Energy Monitoring Systems/
Instrumentation Development
3
6
6
, , .
-0
Energy Health Effects
1
1
1
~ 1
Energy Environmental Engineering
and Tecnnologv
26
28
2S
43
*15
Energy Environmental Processes
and Effects
15
21
19
28
*9
Total
45
56
53
72
.19
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
Budoet Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,849,900 and 30 permanent workyears for 1982. a
decrease of $6,529,200 from 1981. Included in this total is $3,415,100 for Salaries and
Expenses and $13,434,300 for Research and Development, with an increase of $1,163,500,
and a decrease of $7,692,700 respectively.
°rocr3m Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Gases and "articles and
Energy Research Committees. The disciplinary components (or sub-proorams) of the program
are integrated into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused
on Agency research needs in this subject area.
This overall program provides EPA's regulatory decision makers, the Regional Offices,
and local and state implementing agencies with the scientific and technological data base
which is needed to economically achieve this nation's energy development and self-reliance
goals with minimum deleterious environmental and health effects. In particular, research
under the Gases and °articles Energy DU addresses the research needs of the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards (0AQ°S) and the Office of Enforcement (0E) in setting,
reviewing, implementing and/or enforcing National Prevention of Significant Deterioration
(PSD) stipulators of the Clean Air Act. The GAD-Energy program focuses on SO2 fine and
innalable particles (IP) and other related pollutants resulting mainly from increased
coal use. The research includes the development and evaluation of less expensive pollution
control technologies, studies of public health impacts, and environmental processes and
effects, and development of measurement technology. This DU provides supDort for long-
term exploratory research on alternative control technologies for these pollutants.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually in
the following material.
ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of 51,314,300 for this sub-program, of which $206,300
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,103,000 was for extramural research activities.
- A single train samoling system, the Srookhaven Controlled Condensation System
(8NL/CCS) was shown to determine accurately sulfuric acid, metal sulfates, TSD,
principle metals, SO?, N0X, HjO, Oj, CO S CO? in flue gases of coal and oil-fired
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stationary cortoustion sources. This enables both an accurate Inventory of pollutant
loadings In the atmosphere, and gives plant operators Information on combustion
parameters so that they can make appropriate adjustments.
- Methods for predicting potential plume opacity from commercial of! -fired utility
stations have been developed. The method 1s useful in comparing emissions from the
burning of 1 ow and high sul fur oil .
- An 'J1 tra-Viol et-D1fferent1al-Absorption System (UV-DIAL) for measuring energy-rel a ted
pollutant concentrations was developed and tested. This system can be used to obtain
a 3-d1mensional mapping of pollutants In the atmosphere. Such information is being
used for modeling and field studies such as the Project VISTTA (Visibility Impairment
due to Sulfur Transport and Transformation).
1981 Program
In 1931 , the Agency has allocated a total of J1 ,727,500 and one permanent workyear
to this sub-program, of which SI 82,900 Is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
and SI ,544,600 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
Improved fine particle measurement and analysis techniques are being developed to
provide the means of evaluating regional scale fine particulate models.
- The Brookhaven Controlled Condensation System (BCCS) Is being modified to sample
volatile organic compounds from stack gases. This system wfil enable the correlation
of emissions to combustion sources.
- Two remote monitoring systems (UV DIAL - Differential Absorption LIDAL and HSRL -
High Spectral Resolution LI OAR) are being further improved. This technology will be
used in Visibility and Sulfur Transport and Transformation (VISTTA) field studies
aimed at improving the understanding of atmosphere chemical and the transport of
criteria pollutants. The UV-DIAL is being adapted for airborne SO2 measurements.
- The actual exposure of a population cohort to two energy-related pollutants, SO2 and
fine particulates, 1s being measured using personal exposure devices. This effort
will enable the correlation of actual exposures to ambient poll utant 1 evel s. Present
models used for plant siting predict ambient poll ut ion 1 evel s, but not actual human
exposures.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswal k1 ng" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented 1n the 1981 current estimate reflected 1n this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found 1n the Special Analyses section of this
submlsslon.
The net decrease of 1205,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
appl ied to this activity 1s $800.
The Congress reduced agencywlde consulting services by S3.8 million; a decrease
of $900 was appl led to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of SI ,100
was applied to this activity.
E - 51
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- An increase of 51,900 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $800 from other activities.
- Transfer of $202,000 to energy environmental processes and effects to support
work related to alternate fuels research Initiative and to obtain information on
oil shale.
- An internal agency wide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
beinq made in order to fund PC48 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $4,300.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the DC&B deficits: the 'ncrease
appltec to this activity is $900.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests no funds for this program in 1982. No funds are requested for
further visibility monitoring research as visibility monitoring guidance supiwrting
EPA's regulations was oublished during FY 81.
Chanoe From January Request
This represents a decrease of $1,725,500 and 1 permanent workyear from the January
budget, of which $215,300 is for Salaries and Expenses ano $1,520,000 is for Research and
Development. This decrease will result in elimination of efforts to develop improved
methods to monitor visibility.
EN-P.GY HEALTH EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 198C, the Agency used a total of $2,679,800 for this sub-program, of which $97,400
was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,582,400 was for extramural research activities.
- An epidemiological study was initiated among El Paso school children to determine
oulmonary effects of intenmittenly high ambient concentrations of sulfur oxides and
particulates.
- Data was collected for the multi-year "Six-City" epidemiology study designed to
provide a definitive assessment of the effects of air pollution on health with parti-
cular concern for sulfur dioxide and respirable particulates.
Two new human clinical studies were initiated. These were designed to determine
individual and/or combined effects of sulfur dioxide and respirable particulates.
- An effort to determine the carcinogenic potential of coircnon air pollutants such as
sulfur and nitrogen oxides generated by fossil fuel combustion was continued.
- Animal studies were continued addressing health impacts of inhaling individual and
combined concentrations of fly ash, sulfur oxides and sulfuric acids aerosols
generated by fossil fuel comoustion.
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- Project reports were completed describing effects of resplrable sulfates, sulfuric
aerosols, anc particulates, alone and 1n combination, on respiratory endpoints such
as mucous clearance, airway sensitivity to histamine, reparative and adaptive cnanges
occurring progressively and cumulatively - 1n healthy and diseased animal models,
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $2,725,300 to this sub-program, of
whicn $24,500 1s for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $2,700,BOO 1$ for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
- The first year of the £1 Paso epidemiological study to determine 1n school children
the pulmonary effects of Intermittently high ambient concentrations of sulfur oxides
and particulates will be completed.
- The "Six-City" epidemiology study will be continued; this is a comprehensive health
effects and monitoring effort designed to elucioate effects of air pollution, primary
sulfur oxides and particulate matter, on human health (healthy and impaired individuals)
in six locations, having both relatively high and relatively low levels of ambient air
pollution.
- The first year of two clinical studies which will examine the effects of combined
exposures to sulfuric acid aerosols and ozone in young individuals and ozone adapta-
tion in normal subjects will be completed.
- A clinical evaluation of physiological effects of specific particulate air oollutants
and simple air pollutant mixtures (sulfur and nitrogen oxides) in normal and susceptible
human subpooulatlons will continue.
- The second year of an animal inhalation toxicology study to investigate the possible
lung tumor increase associated with concurrent or sequential exposure to common air
pollutants and carcinogenic chemicals will be completed.
- Efforts will be continued via animal Inhalation toxlcologlcal studies, to determine
pulmonary reparative adaptive changes in mammals following chronic exposures to oxides
of sulfur and particulates.
- The second year of animal Inhalation toxicology studies to determine loss of lung
function and lung clearance functions following acute and chronic exposures of normal
and imoaired animals to acid sulfates and fly ash will be completed.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected 1n this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found 1n the Spcecial Analyses section of this
submission.
The net decrease of 528,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $100.
- An increase of $100 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation,
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $100 from other activities.
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- Transfer of $29,900 to energy environmental processess and effects, to perform
work related to alternate fuels research Initiative and to obtain information on
oil shale.
- Agencywide increases are required 1n order to fund the PC8B deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $1,400.
1982 Plan
The Agency reouests a total of $1,953,600 for this Sub-program, of rfiich $22,900 is
for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $1,930,700 is for extramural purposes
under the Research and Development Appropriation.
- This reflects a decrease of 771,700 due to a reordering of Agency priorities,
Animal inhalation toxicology studies on the effects of conventional combustion
products were eliminated.
- Support will continue for the second and final year of the £1 Paso epidemiology
study and to the proposed penultimate year of the "Six City" epidemiology study.
These studies are designed to assess the human health Impacts of elevated ambient
levels of sulfur oxides and particulate matter generated by the combustion of
fossil fuel.
- Clinical investigations of pulmonary Impacts of sodium, ammonium and hydrogen sul-
fate aerosols - as well as sodium nitrate and sodium chloride aerosols, varying
concentration, particle size, and humidity and temperature extremes will continue.
- Studies of altered respiratory function and physiology 1n healthy and Impaired
animals models as a function of chronic exposures to SO2 plus fly ash, ammonium
sulfates, and sulfuric acid aerosols plus carbon or fly ash will continue.
Change Froir. January Request
This request represents a decrease of $800,500 from the January budget, of which
$500 1s for salaries and expenses and $800,000 is for research and development. This
decrease will result in the elimination of animal inhalation toxicology studies on the
effects of conventional combustion products.
ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $8,787,400 for this sub-program, of which
$1,154,200 was for Salaries and Expenses and $7,633,200 was for extramural research
activities.
- Full scale, adlpic add testing at the City of Springfield Utilities host site was
competed. Preliminary data indicate performance improvement from 70 percent SO2
reduction to 93 percent SO? reduction by the addition of small amounts of adlpic
acid.
- Full scale evaluation of the performance of a lime spray dryer system on an industrial
boiler burning eastern, non-alkaline ash, low sulfur coal was Initiated.
E-54
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- Long term evaluation of the dual alkali scrubbing process at Louisville Gas and
Electric was comoleted. The final report documents the sulfur oxide reduction observed
during the test program.
A state of the art review of dry SOj control processess was completed.
- Meld tests of fugitive emission control techniques for urban fugitive dusts to assist
State Implementation Plans (SIP) development m non-compliance areas were comoleted.
- Assessment of flue gas conditioning agents as a means to improve electrostatic precipi-
tation (ESP* Derfornance for low sulfur coal fly ash was comoleted.
- Evaluation of full scale baghouse for low sulfur coal utility boilers was completed.
Initial phase of electrostatic precipitator Drecharger development which projects
substantial cost reduction potential of precharger modified ESP's for low sulfur coal
fly ash collection was completed.
19S1 croqram
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of SI 1,948,500 and 19 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which SI,391,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
and $10,557,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
In response to a Congressional mandate, the FY 1981 acid precipitation program was
increased by S1.5K. This increase was split between the Multimedia Energy & Gases &
Particles Energy program. The acid rain program element in the Multimedia program was
increased by SS00K, and the Environmental Engineering & Technology program element in the
Gases & Particles Energy program was increased by the remaining S1.0M. The $1,000,000,
in this program is being used to accelerate the development of the limestone injection
multistage burner (LIMB), which is the key component of ORD's control technology research
on acid rain.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimated reflected in this submis-
sion. The details of the-restricting of the research and development orogram, as well
as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of
this submission.
The net decrease of $605,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $6,700.
- The Congress increased the acid rain program by $1.5 million, of which $1 million
is added to this activity.
- The Congress reduced the anticipatory research program by $2.5 million, of which
$1,000.0 is decreased from this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million a decrease of
$31,800 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Services bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $7,600 was applied to this activity.
E- 53
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- The Congress directed a reorograrnmi ng cf $950,000 be made for the Cold Climate
research activity; $500,000 is reduced from this activity and transferred to Water
Quality/non-energy.
- ftn increase of $12,400 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- A transfer of $8,100 to program management to support public awareness and
industrial hygienist positions at Research Triange Park.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PCS3 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $71,000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PC&8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity
is $50,000.
- Agencywide increases are reouired in order to fund the PC&8 deficits; the increase
applied to th's activity is $57,300.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $8,574,500 and 26 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, of which $2,338,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $6,236,400
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $947,000 for the S&E appropriation and a decrease of
$4,321,000 fer the R&D appropriation. The increase in SSE appropriation reflects the
consolidation of SSE expenses of the abolished Hazardous Pollutants and Solid Waste energy
programs. The additional positions are required to provide technical assistance to the
regional offices and state environmental officials to review construction permits and
Prevention of Significant Deterioration review. This will lower the time required for
granting the neeced permits.
The decreases in the R&D appropriation reflects the elimination of four proposed
performance evaluations of fabric filters 1n utility applications. Data presently
available from three utility sites is sufficient for utility boiler NSPS deliberations.
The decrease also reflects a reduction in the following programs: control strategies
for condensable particulates; long-term performance evaluation of flue gas desulfurization
systems; and fine particulate matter emission factors study. These research projects
were reduced cut to allow for a shift in emphasis from a short-term extramural research
program to a long-tera intramural research program.
- Pilot/prototype testing of the precharger for electrostatic precipitators will continue.
This technology could lower the capital cost and particulate control by a factor of 2
to 7 below current state of the art, while complying with existing particulate emission
regulations.
- Pilot scale evaluation of electrostatically enhanced fabric filtration for particulate
control will continue. This innovation could significantly lower the capital and
operating cost of particulate control using fabric filters. This high potential
technology will be developed for conmercial applications in 3-5 years.
- A flue gas desulfurization technology assessment report which would include cost and
performance evaluations of lime/limestone wet scrubbers, adlpic acid modified limestone
E-56
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wet scrubbing, and lime spray dryers for a range of coal types and SO? emission levels
will be published. This document would be used by Federal, State, and local
environmental officials in determining the performance vs. cost of flue gas desulfuri-
zation systems.
- The fine particulate emission factors study will be expanded to include additional
industries and sources within an Industry.
- Performance assessments of fabric filters for four utility boiler applications
burning low sulfur coal will be completed.
- A strategy for controlling visible emissions from cower plants stacks due to
condensation effects and for maximizing particulate collections will be develooed.
- Long term performance and reliability testing at one state-of-the-art wet flue gas
desulfurization (F30) unit and one state-of-the-art dry FGO control system will be
performed.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of $4,092,500 and an increase of 6 permanent
workvears from the January budget, of wtiich $803,500 is an increase for Salaries and
Expenses and $4,896,000 is a decrease for Research and Development. This net decrease
will result in the elimination of four proposed performance evaluations of fabric filters
in utility applications, and a reduction in the following programs: control strategies
for condensable particulates, long-term performance evaluation of flue gas desulfurization
sydtems, and fine particulate matter emission factors.
ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $11,877,500 for this sub-program, of trtiich
$815,200 was for Salaries and Expenses and $11,052,300 was for extramural research
activities.
- In close cooperation with the National Crop Loss Assessment Network, field research
was initiated in the midwestern, northeastern, and southeastern portion of the United
States to determine the interactive effects of SO2 and NO7 on the yield of major crops.
Initial experiments utilized soybean as the first'crop species to be tested. Dose/
response data will be developed and related to a national assessment of the impacts
of S0j and pollutant mixtures on crop productivity. The development of this data
base is needed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
- Results from studies which stimulated SO2 and NO? fumigations from a coal-fired
power plant indicated that soybean foliage was protected from SO2 injury at 1 ppm
SO? when plants were grown in the presence of NOj at concentrations of 0.17 to
0./0 ppm NO2. These results differ from other conclusions which indicate that
the combined effects of SO2 and NO2 are greater than the effects of either pollutant
alone. Differences in crop varieties, environmental factors, and pollution loadings
appear to be Involved in these effects.
- Results from laboratory experiments indicated that the feeding of some insect species
is increased by foliar injury induced by S02- This behavorial change could increase
the severity of the adverse effects of insects on crops.
- The analysis of a major multi-year field study to determine the environmental impact
of SO2 from a coal-fired power plant In the northern Great Plains was completed.
Emission of SO2 had no significant impact on northern grassland ecosystems within
the 25 km study area. Long-term subtle effects or effects due to the long-distant
E - 57
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transport and transformation of SO^ remain unknown. Modeling was initiated to
determine the maximum amount of emissions that grassland ecosystems can withstand
before adverse effects occur. Results can be utilized to set criteria for future
coal-fired power plants.
- The multi-year complex terrain modeling effort was initiated. Phase I of the program
is in progress. This phase encompasses the field validation of stable plume impaction
on elevated terrain. Phase II which will be initiated in 1981/82 involves field
validation of actual power plant plume dispersion and impaction in complex terrain.
- The results of the Visibility and Sulfur Transport and Transformation (VISTTA) field
study were analyzed and subsequently presented at the November 1980 Symposium on
Plumes and Visibility. The data characterized the effects of power plant emission
on visibility in clean Western areas.
- The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory plume blight model and photographic simulation
technique was delivered to the Office of Air Quality Planning and standards to support
rulemaking for visibility protection in Federal Class I areas.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $6,977,800 and three permanent workyears
to this sub-program of which S653.100 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
$6,324,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
- The Phase I! program will be conducted of the complex terrain modeling effort. This
phase will be oriented toward a comprehensive understanding of power plant plume
morphology 1n complex terrain, including plume impaction, fumigation, and meandering.
- Field studies and modeling will be performed of fine and inhalable particle character-
istics and concentrations. The majority of these particles emanate from energy sources,
such as oil, gas, and coal-fired power plants, industrial boilers, and transportation
sources. These particles are a potential health hazard; and therefore, are classified
as a primaryjia]laLant by the Clean Air Act. The particles also Impair visibility;
and hence, are rT*ssifled as a secondary (welfare) pollutant.
- A regional visibility model is being developed which will be used in support of the
Phase II visibility regulations.
- Phase I visibility regulations are being supported by providing an improved data base
for the so-called "plume blight" problem.
- Oata is being gathered to measure trends in air quality as coal-fired power plants go
into operation. By measuring a broad spectrum of pollutants, it is expected that it
will be possible to distinguish urban plume pollutants from pollutants originating
from coal-fired plants.
- Field studies which focus on the impact of SO2 and NO2 pollutants on crop yield will
continue to provide the necessary data base for a national assessment of crop loss/
economic impact.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this
submission.
E-5£
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The net decrease of $683,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity is $3,200.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel cost by $850,000; a decrease of $100 was
applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million a decrease of
$3,900 was applied tc this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of $10,000
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of 55,100 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation,
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $3,200 from other activities.
- Transfer of $618,000 to Solid and Hazardous Waste/non-energy to supoort efforts
on love Canal.
- 0MB Bulletin *81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Tear 1981 Travel Reduction", required
agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used
to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction
applied to this activity is $1,300.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund ?C5B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $57,000.
- Agencywide Increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $1,900.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $6,321,300 and 4 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, of which $1,054,100 fs for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $5,267,700
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects a net decrease of $656,000. Specifically, we are reducing visibility
modeling and field studies. Efforts will instead focus on analyzing data gathered from
field studies performed during FY 1980 and 1981 to determine the appropriate course for
future research and regulatory action.
- Further field studies and modeling efforts will be performed on inhalable particles
from energy sources. The Agency is planning to substitute the TSP (total suspended
particles) standard by a size and possibly chemically specialized standard. This
will constitute the major effort by this program element in 1982. Final results
should be available in the 1982-1983 time frame.
- The complex terrain modeling effort described above will continue in 1982. It is
expected that a field validated model will become available for public use in 1983-
1984.
- Crop assessment and modeling integration relevant to the impacts of SO2 and N0^
mixtures will be continued. Studies will continue to be field oriented and focus on
the interactive effects of year-to-year variation in climatic factors and the yield
E-59
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response of major crop species to air pollution. Reports describing the results and
conclusions from 1981 studies will also be published for input to Air Qua'itiy Criteria
Documents.
- Validation of environmental impact models involving sulfur dioxide emissions froci
coal-fired power plants in the Northern Great Plains will continue. The 1982 effort
will focus on three field sites, representing: grasslands, pinewoodlands, and agro-
ecosystems subjected to chronic exposures of sulfur dioxide.
Change From January Request
This request represents a decrease of S898.700 and an increase of 1 permanent workyear
frcm the January budget, of whicn $201,300 is an increase for Salaries and Expenses and
SI,100,COO is for Research and Development. This net decrease will result in a reduction
in efforts for visibility modeling and field studies.
E-60
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ENERGY
Water Quality - Energy
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981' 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
(dol lars in thousands)
Appropriation
Energy Environmental
Processes and Effects:
Salaries and Expenses..
Research and Development
$467
9,491
$517
9,129
$431
8,917
$905
4,590
~ $474
-4,327
Energy Monitoring
Systems / Instrumental Ion
Development:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
160
864
144
986
146
796
145
85
-1
-711
Total:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development
627
10,355
661
10,115
577
9,713
1,050
4,675
~473
-5,038
Grand Total
10,982
10,776
10,290
5,725
-4,565
Permanent Positions
Energy Environmental
Processes and Effects
Energy Monitoring Systems/
Instrumentation Development
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
2
~3
Total
4
4
4
7
~3
Full-T1me Eouivalency
Energy Environental
Processes and Effects
Energy Monitoring Systems/
Instrumentation
Development
8
3
12
2
12
5
16
2
~4
-3
Total 11 14 17 18 +1
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of S5,725,700 and 7 permanent workyears for 1982,
a decrease of $4,564,500 from 1981. Included In this total is $1 ,050,100 for Salaries
and Expenses and $4,675,600 for Research and Development, with an Increase of $473,200
and a decrease of $5,037,700, respectively.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Water Qua! 1 ty/Energy
Research Committees. The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the program are
Integrated into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused
on Agency research needs 1n this subject area.
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The overall program assesses the environ,mental transport, fate, and effects of
energy-related pollutants on tne aouatic environment. The primary objective of the
program is to provide a scientific data base to: (1) determine the qualitative and
quantitative effects of energy-related pollutants on freshwater (both surface and
groundwater), and estuarine environments; (2) assess the ecosystem risks associated
with the extraction, processing, transportation, and use of fuels; (3) develop
measurement techniques to evaluate the presence of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems;
(4) provide information for the establishment of regulations consistent with the needs
of the various regulatory offices concerned with water quality; and (5) conduct long-
term exoloratory research geared at developing improved, more comprehensive and rapid
assessment methods for evaluating aquatic systems, especially wetlands.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually
in the following material.
ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 19S0, the Agency used a total of $9,975,600 for this sub-program, of »rfuch
$467,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $9,490,500 was for extramural research
activities.
The ecological characterizations for the coastal ecosystem of the Chenier Plain of
Louisiana and Texas and the Sea Island Coastal Region of South Carolina and
Georgia were completed and distributed to State, Federal, and local planners for
use in developing land use and coastal zone management plans.
A major study was completed on the effects of a well-established offshore oil/gas
drilling field on the biota of ocean systems. The results of the study will pro-
vide information relevant to the effects of produced water discharges within the
Gulf of Mexico.
It was confirmed that the short-term dispersion of the bulk of suspended particu-
late effluents from offshore oil and gas drilling rigs is limited to the immediate
vicinity of the rig.
Discharges of potential toxicants are associated with the drilling of new offshore
oil and gas wells. Both drilling fluids and cuttings are discharged to the ocean
environment. The initial development of laboratory toxicity tests has been
completed. A joint government-industry symposium was held on the fate and effects
of drilling fluids and cuttings.
Two distinct water mass types acting on the Texas Flower Gardens coral reef banks
simultaneously were identified. The Flower Garden banks topography helps to shape
the boundaries of these water masses.
A rapid analytical technique was developed to measure Barium, Aluminum, and
Cadmium metals in sea water.
Toxicity cage design criteria was developed to contain and remotely monitor test
animals at precisely located grid points in ocean waters. Such a cage would be
used for research and perhaps ultimately for routine monitoring of ocean waters
near drilling rigs for the presence of toxic agents.
A drilling fluid standard reference material for chemical analysis and toxicity
testing was developed.
Chemical and toxicity profiles of drilling fluid discharges from an active well
were obtained. This information will aid In the development of toxicity based
standards/guide!ines.
E-62
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The use of fluorescent mineral sphalerite as a tracer for use in performing
pollutant dispersion studies of offshore oil and gas drilling platform discharges
was evaluated. Sphalerite was determined to be suitable for this purpose.
Vertical columns of acoustically reflective particulate matter were observed in
the Gulf of Mexico in waters near the Texas Flower Gardens coral reef banks.
These columns are indicative of vertical mixing from the surface down into the
nephloid layer and are distinctly different from the numerous gas seep columns
found in the area.
Definite density gradient layers were identified in the Gulf of Mexico waters on
which particular oollutant discharges from drilling rigs may spread. These layers
are the habitat for large concentrations of mid-water fishes at night.
It was demonstrated that very dilute concentrations (ppm) of suspended marine
particulates originating from offshore oil and gas drilling rigs can be tracked
acoustical ly.
An important component of the Great Lakes program within EPA is focused on the
determination of the atmospheric contribution of pollutants to the Great lakes
System. These pollutants, which include sulfur and nitrogen compounds and heavy
metals, are being measured to separate atmospheric inputs from those related to
water pollutant discharges.
1 931 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $9,348,300 and 2 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $431,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses Approoriation
and S3,917,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appro-
priation.
Rates of uptake of metals by brown trout are being measured to investigate the
effects of temperature and other stressors on the uptake of priority pollutants by
fish in Lake Michigan.
Bioaccumulation rates and toxicity of Zinc and Cadmium in natural phytODlankton
assemblages are being measured using in situ incubation techniques to correlate
bioaccumulation rates of priority polTutants with toxicity.
Field data are being analyzed on plankton communities from 19^5-1980 involving the
development of correlations between state variables and plankton successional
states, documenting the spatial and temporal development trends of the plankton
community in the southern basin of Lake Michigan, and analyzing statiscally the
correlations between community trajectories and physio-chemical parameters.
Specimens of fish form Lake Michigan are being analyzed to identify and measure
level of priority pollutants. The information will provide current levels of
pollutants.
Research is being conducted to Investigate the fate and effects of the natural oil
(petroleum) seeos and related pollutants in the Santa Barbara Channel. The
effects of aromatic hydrocarbons on selected food resources are being assessed,
and the relationship of recruitment and succession of benthic organisms to sedi-
ments contaminated with drilling muds and petroleum is being studied. This infor-
mation will be utilized to establish appropriate NPOES permit conditions.
The relative hazard of drilling fluid discharge froro offshore and the estuarine
drilling operations of aquatic organisms are being assessed. The impact of oil and
gas drillinq activities in the Gulf of Mexico Flower Banks area on coral reefs
will be evaluated.
E-63
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Toxicity tests for sub-lethal and lethal effects of chemicals dicharged from off-
shore and gas drilling activities on the American Lobster at George's Bank (New
England Coast) are being completed. This information will be utilized to estab-
lish NPDES permit conditions.
A method to disseminate state-of-the-art information on the effects of oil and gas
drilling activities on organisms and ecosystems to industry, government, academic
community and the general public is being developed.
Mixing zone calculation methods are being develooed and verified for discharges of
drilling muds, cuttings, in:! fMji
-------
A tethered cage will be develooed to remotely monitor the health status of caged
animals exposed to discharges from oil and gas drilling rigs.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budget £stinate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 "resident's Sudget sub-
mission to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in
'.his submission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development
program, as well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special
Analyses section of this submission.
The net decrease of $29?.830 results from several action, as follows:
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by S3.3 million; a decrease
of $900 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $12,214,000 to the Research and
Development appropriat ion, a decrease of $50,000 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $3,900 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental aporopriation.
- Transfer of $472,000 to perform work related to alternate fuels research
'nitiattve and to obtain information on oil shale, from energy-gases and particles
($231,900); from multimedia energy program ($115,900), from energy-oxidants ($15,300),
from energy-hazardous pollutants ($16,500), from energy-drinking water ($28,900), and
from energy-toxic chemical testing and assessment ($63,500).
- Transfer $634,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts on Love Canal.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of
$421,000 is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this activity
is $3,800.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $85,000.
1932 Plan
The Agency reauests a total of $5,495,300 and 5 permanent workyears for this sub-
program, of which $905,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
$4,590,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Dvelopment Appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $3,853,000.
Due to limited resources, and the regional orientation of the Great Lakes research
program, this research was eliminated. In addition, the offshore oil and gas
research program was eliminated since the assessment documents and the majority
of the ongoing research projects are scheduled to be completed in 1981.
The acute and chronic effects and bioaccumulation transformation rates of petro-
leum hydrocarbons and combustion products on marine and freshwater ecosystems will
be assessed.
The aquatic/biological effects of discharges from conventional coal-fired power
plants and their control technology facilities, effluents from ash ponds, coal
pile, and emission control devices will be studied.
A research plan for verifying heavy metal transport and fate models and for
assessing the binding of heavy metals to organic particulates will be developed.
E - 65
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Data will be presented relevant to the actual sources, transport mechanisms, fates,
extent and cycling of mercury and selenium in Northern Great Plain reservoir and
determine its relationship to coal mining development and aouatic source contamina-
tion.
Research wi11 evaluate and document the probable biological effects of small-scale
hydroelectric power generating facilities on steam systems that have a high ecological
value.
The preparation of scientific protocols for oil and hazardous material soil Is will
begin. These protocols will: (1) provide guidance for the establishment o* a
scentific response system in the event of a spill; (2) provide a damage assessment
element which eventually translates environmental or societal impact "insurance
adjustor" into economic terms; and (3) provide a research element which gathers and
assimilates spill data and establish long-range studies for further assess;nent or
evaluation.
Provide user oriented handbooks and/or guidance documments for the protection of fish
and wildlife resources in coastal energy development areas.
Develop a handbook for applying comprehensive ecological information to coastal energy
development areas.
Develop guidelines and environmental safeguards for the construction and maintenance
of electric utility corridors through »retlands.
Changes from January Request
This request represents a decrease of $4,408,200 from the January budget, of which
$8,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $4,400,000 is for Research and Development. This
decrease will result in the elimination of Great Lakes research and the offshore oil and
gas program.
ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEMS/INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT
1980 Accomplishment
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $1,024,00 for this sub-program, of which $159,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $864,200 was for extramural research activities.
- The analytical protocol for the master Analytical Scheme (MAS) used to quantify the
organic pollutants present in energy sources discharges was completed.
- Three reports were completed describing preliminary groundwater monitoring systems for
active coal strip mines in the West, reclaimed mining situations, and for communities
exoeriencing rapid growth from new energy developments.
In studying the residuals from landfills, the USGS has found that the distribution of
organic species in the subsurface environment at a waste disposal site is controlled
principally by the biological degradation cf organic matter.
- The use of tracers for monitoring of the integrity of waste disposal sites was evaluated
and determined to be a viable approach to an early warning monitoring system. Thio-
cyanate and iodide Ions were found to be suitable as tracers.
1931 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $941 ,900 and 2 permanent workyears to
this sub-program, of which $145,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and
$796,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
E-66
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The Master Analytical Scheme (HAS), a system for semi-quantitative analysis of
organic compounds by neans of validated sample preparation protocols and auto-
mated Gas Chroroatog-aohy /Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) is being extended to the
analysis of stream sediments.
Laborato'-y analytical methodologies for toxic organic compounds in marine waters
are oemg develoced. The emphasis is on non-GC/KS methodology so that the methods
will be relatively inexpensive.
Advanced warning systems for detecting leachates from electric power system
hazardous waste disposal sites will be developed. Candidate tracer species will
be evaluated.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $188,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- An increase of SI,900 results from the cost of the Qctober 1980 pay raise and
is included in a proposed suool e.nental approoriation.
- Transfer of $190,000 to Solid and Hazardous Waste/non-ene'gy to support efforts
on love Canal.
193? Plan
The Agency requests a total of S23Q,430 and 2 permanent wor*years for this sub-
program, of which 5145,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $35,400
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $711,500. in concert with a correspond!ng cut in the
environmental processes and effects sub-program, research for offshore oil and gas
was eliminated.
The development of a groundwater monitoring system for detection of pollutants
from mining activities in the Western U.S. will be continued with field studies
to validate and refine the system.
Changes Prom January Request
This request represents a decrease of $901,000 from the Jaoaury budget, of which
$1,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $900,000 is for Research and Development.
This decrease will result in the elimination of the exposure monitoring research oro-
which was in support of the offshore oil and gas program.
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Appropriation
Energy Health Effects:
Salaries and Expenses....
Research and Development.
Total
Permanent Postlons
full-time Equivalency
ENERGY
Drinking Water - Energy
Budget Current Increase «•
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981* 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
Idoi lars in thousands]
$8? $21 $22 ... -$22
2,496 2.640 2.350 -2.350
2,583 2,661 2,372 ... -2,372
* January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by trie Office of Research and Develop-
ment restructurlng.
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1982.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Drinking Water Research
Committee, The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the program are Inte-
grated Into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on
Agency research need in this subject area.
The overall program provides EPA's energy decision-wakers with data on the quali-
tative and quantitative health effects which may be attributed to contamination of
drinking water with pollutants derived from energy-related processes. Research per-
formed 1n this program provides the Office of Drinking Water with a portion of the
health effects data necessary for enforcement of the Safe Drinking Water Act (S0WA).
This data base assists in the establishment of "Maximum Contaminant Levels" for
organic and inorganic contaminants of drinking water, as required by the SDWA. This
data 1s also used for the Issuance of criteria for safe use of wastewater for potable
purposes. The areas of research that are covered In the program may be described as
follows: (1) the refinement and validation of human health monitoring and assay
methods for determining the hazards (reproductive and carcinogenic) associated with
waters contaminated by pollutants from fossil fuel production and utilization sources;
(2) the development of new and better methods for recovering and concentrating trace
quantities of waterborne energy-related organic chemicals; and (3) the determination
of the most appropriate and accurate measure of pollutant/toxicant dose to body con-
stituents most significantly impacted. In addition, this program Includes long-term
exploratory research which focuses on the human health problems that may be associated
with exposure to drinking waters contaminated with energy-related pollutants.
Actlvltes and program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually in
the following material.
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ENERGY HEALTH EFFECTS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $2,583,200 for this activity, of which
$89,300 was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,495,900 was for extramural research
activities.
- An Improved method for concentrating pollutants 1n drinking water was developed.
- A specific cell (the hemopoietic stem cell) was established as the primary
target for leukemogenic effects.
- Preliminary studies with benzene showed negative results.
- Oocytes were Isolated as in vivo indicators of chemical toxicity in reproductive
system.
- Abnormalities in sperm shape were positively related to exposure to chemical
toxicants and correlated to reproductive effects.
1 981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $2,371,500 to this activity, of
wnich $21,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $2,349,600 is for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation. 1981 is the
final year for this sub-program.
- The method for concentrating pollutants In drinking water will be completed and
fully tested.
- Tne liver island enzyme assay will be tested and the assay technique evaluated
for automation.
- Studies on the leukemogenic effect of benzene through the route of ingestion
will be completed.
- A study Indicating benzene as a leukemia promotor will be completed.
- Dose-response curves for oocyte damage form oil shale effluents will be
developed. Preference will be given to effluents containing aromatic amines and poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalklng" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget submis-
sion to the new structure as presented In the 1981 current estimate reflected in this
submission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development program,
as well as the crosswalk of resources itself, can be found In the Special Analyses
section of this submission.
The net decrease of $288,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmit-
ted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted 1n a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
applied to this activity Is $100.
- An Increase of $100 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and Is
Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
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- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of SI00 from other activities.
- Transfer of $28,900 to energy - hazardous pollutants to perform work related to
alternate fuels research Initiative and to obtain Information on oil shale.
- Transfer of $261,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts on Love Canal.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywlde reductions to travel; total reduction of $1,795,900 is being used
to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&8) deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is $100.
- Agencywide increases are required 1n order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
increase applied to this activity is $1,400.
1 982 Plan
No resources are requested for this program in 1982. The energy health effects
drinking water program was eliminated in light of limited resources and redirections
in ORO's overall research program. The pollutants addressed In this program can be
dealt with in the broader context of ORD's basic research program.
Change from January Reoueat
There is no change from the January budget.
£-70
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ENERGY
Industrial Wastewater Energy
Budget Current Increase *
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1932 vs 1981
(dollars in thousands;
Approc-i at 1 on
Energy Environmental
Engineering and
Technology:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development ...
$1.207
2.781
$1,102
2,662
$1,099
2,185
$1,113
1,924
~$14
-261
Total
2,988
3,764
3,284
3,037
-247
?e"nanent Positions
18
16
14
14
• • •
Full-time Eauivalency
35
31
29
29
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,037,000 and 14 permanent workyears for 1982, a
decrease of $247,300 from 1981. Included 1n this total is $1,113,000 for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,924,000 for Research and Development, with an increase of $14,100 and a
decrease of 5261,400, respectively.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Industrial Wastewater/Energy
Research Corrr.ittees. The disciplinary components {or sub-programs) of the program are
integrated into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on
Agency research needs in this subject area.
This overall program assures that comprehensive wastewater characterizations are per-
formed and adequate pollution control technologies are developed and evaluated so as to
provide the data base needed for the establishment of discharge standards for liquid
effluents from conventional power plants, coal mining, coal preparation facilities, oil
shale mining, oil and gas production, and uranium mining. This Decision Unit provides
support for long-term exploratory research 1n the area of surface chemistry in order
to obtain a better understanding of the pollution adsorption phenomena.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-orogram are presented individually
in the following material.
Energy Environmental Engineering and Technology
193C Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $3,988,300 for this sub-program, of which
$1,206,900 was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,781,400 was for extramural research
activities.
- Environmental assessments at two coal preparation plants which showed the pre-
sence of low to moderate environmental hazards were completed. This information Is re-
quired to prescribe control technology requirements for these facilities.
£-71
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- A technology assessment report on coal cleaning for low sulfur coal was completed.
The information is utilized in background documents for an Industrial boiler NSPS.
- A study which showed that physical coa! cleaning can reduce sul'ur variability
and substantially Increase the availability of compliance coals was completed.
Engineering support in the effort to assess the effectiveness of various control
technolocies in reducing the concentration of priority pollutants from steam-electric plants
was provided. This information was utilized in the preparation of revised effluent guide-
1 mes.
- Continued environmental assessment of toxic pollutants associated with the develop-
nent of energy sources Including coal, oil, natural gas and uranium was provided. This
work was in support of the effluent guidelines progran.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated to total of $3,254,300 and 14 permanent workyears
to this sub-program, of which $1,098,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
anj $2,185,40C is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- A study on the relationship between emission regulations, SO? emission control
technologies and the availability of compliance coals is being completed. This informa-
tion is required by the Office of Air Programs to evaluate NSPS for industrial boilers.
- A environmental assessment of in-sltu uranium mining operations is being continued.
This information is required to detemine the adequacy of control technologies for these
operations and if necessary to establish effluent guidelines.
- Laboratory testing of an improved fly-ash sluicing system has been initiated.
This is required in order to reduce the cost of complying with steam-electric effluent
guidelines.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1931 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission
to the new structure as presented In the 1981 current estimate relected in this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found 1n the Special Analyses section of this sub-
mi ssion.
The net decrease of $480,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to tne budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted In a decrease
of $7 nil lion to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $5,300.
- The Congress directed a reprograiming of $900,000 to support the cold climate
research activity; $200,000 was transferred from this activity to water quality/non-
energy.
- An increase of $13,600 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included In a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- ReDrogramnings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
1n a transfer of $200 to other activities.
- Transfer of $277,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support Love Canal efforts.
£-72
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- OMB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywioe reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCS9) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity 1s $11,400.
19S2 ?lar.
The Agency requests a total of S3,037,000 and 14 permanent workyears for the sub-pro-
gram, of wnicn SI,113,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and SI,924,000
is for extramural purposes unaer the Research and Development Appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $247,300. Due to limited resources and a reduced need for
supoort of effluent guideline regulations, research on wastewater from coal and oil shale
mining was reduced.
A cost effective control technology for high priority raining programs for energy sources
will be developed.
The evaluation of chemical and biological treatment facilities for oil shale and coal
conversion wastewaters will be continued. The focus of these programs is the development of
innovative, low cost systems to control potentially hazardous water contaminants from the
synthetic fuels industry.
Change From January Request
This reauest represents a decrease of $407,500 from the January budget, of which
$7,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $400,000 1s for Research and Development.
This decrease will result in a reduction of research on wastewater from coal and
oil snale mining.
E-73
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ENERGY
Solid Waste - Energy (RCRA)
Actual
1980
Apcropri at ion
energy :n»•. romental
Engineering and
Technology:
Salaries and Expenses $235
Research and Development. 1,340
Total 1 .625
Permanent Positions 2
Full-time Eauivalencv 6
Budget Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
1981* 1981 1982
(dollars in thousands]
$293
1 .247
$287
647
1.540
2
6
934
2
6
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
-$287
-647
-934
-2
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1932.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Solid Waste/Energy Research
Cotinittees. The sub-programs of the program are integrated into an overall research
effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on Agency research needs in this
subject area.
The overall program provides continuous monitoring of leachates leaving disposal
sites in order to determine the effectiveness of solid waste disposal regulations
promulgated for utility and industrial boiler facilities under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA). The data from the program will be used to support revisions
to the regulations. Also work is done to determine the impact of new SO* scrubbing
technologies on solid waste disposal requirements and to conduct an assessment of the
solid waste disposal requirements and to conduct an assessiwnt of the solid waste pro-
blems associated with increased coal cleaning activities. In addition, this program
includes long-term research on the development of methods to control pollutant releases
from solid waste disposal sites.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually
in the following material.
E-74
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ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $1,625,100 for this sub-program, of vrfilch $285,000
was for Salaries and Expenses and SI ,3^0,100 was for extramural research activities.
- Environmental assessments at two coal preparation plants wtiich showed the presence
cf lew to moderate environmental hazards were comoleted. The information was required
*.c cresc-ibe trie best disposal control technology practices for these facilities.
- A technology assessment report on coal cleaning for low sulfur coal which was
utilized in defining cost-effective residuals disposal procedures was completed.
- A study to update field data from coal fired power plants to determine the best
practices which can be employed for the disposal of fly ash, flue gas desulfuHzation
sludge and mixture of the two was Initiated. This Information is required by the Office
of Solid Haste for the promulgation of regulations designed to protect groundwater and
surface waters in the vicinity of these disposal sites at a reasonable cost.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $534,300 and 2 permanent workyears to
this sub-program, of wtiich $286,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$647,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
- A study of the performance, costs and benefits of using physical coal cleaning to
reduce SOj enissions for acid r3in control is being completed. This information is
required to determine whether the residuals from these processes can be a source of
groundwater and/or surface water contamination.
- The collection of field data at utility boiler sites for the purpose of defining
the best management practices for the disposal of fly ash and/or flue gas desulfurizatlon
sludge is being continued. This Information will serve as the data base for cost-effective
guidelines to be issued under 3CRA.
19S1 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's 9udget submission
to the new structure as presented 1n the 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this
submi ssion.
The net decrease of $604,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1931 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget {House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $1,300.
E-75
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- The Congress directed a reprogramming of $900,000 to support the cold climate
research activity; a decrease of $250,000 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $12,214,000 to the Research and
Development appropriation; a decrease of $149,000 was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $3,500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a transfer of $700 from other activities.
- A transfer of $200,000 was made to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts
on Love Canal.
- A transfer of $2,700 was made to the Administrative taw Judges to provide
additional resources to support a new program for Instituting civil noncompliance
penalties under Section 102 of the Clean Air Act.
• 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agency wide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is
being used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The
reduction applied to this activity is $6,000.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1982. The elimination of the
solid waste program will reduce the data base from twelve to eight field sites. However,
the data base from the eight remaining sites 1s sufficient to prepare a Best Engineering
Practices Manual for fly ash and scrubber sludge from utility boilers.
Change from January Reouest
No resources are requested in 1982 for this program. This represents a decrease of
$1,380,200 and 2 permanent workyears from the January budget, of which $242,200 is for
Salaries and Expenses and $1,138,000 1s for Research and Development. This decrease
will result 1n the elimination of studies to develop techniques for economic disposal
of wastes from industrial boilers.
E-76
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ENERGY
Toxic Cher,ical
Testing and
Assessment
- Energy
Actual
1980
Budget
Estimate
1981*
Current
Est imate
1981
Estimate
1982
Increase
Decrease
1962 vs.
(dollars in
thousand)
Appropriation
Energy Healtn Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development..
$185
5,457
$43
5,792
$44
4,905
...
-$44
-4,905
Energy Envi-onmenta'
Processes and Effects:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development..
52
1,128
58
1,086
59
902
-59
-902
Total:
Salaries and Expenses
Research and Development..
237
6,585
101
6,878
103
5,807
-103
-5,807
Grand Total
6,822
1
6,979
1
5,910
1
-5.910
Permanent Positions
Energy healtn Effects
Full-time Equivalency
Energy Healtn Effects
Energy Environmental
Processes and Effects
1
1
2
1
2
2
...
-2
-2
Total 2 3 4 ... -4
Budget Request
No funds are requested for the 1982 program.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Chemical Testing and
Assessment/Energy Research Committee. The health effects and environmental processes
and effects programs are directed toward refining and monitoring techniques to be
used for identifying and assessing the toxic effects of energy-related chemical sub-
stances on human health and on aquatic and terrestrial environments. Activities and
program proposals for each sub-program are presented individually in the following
material.
•January 1980 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and
Development restructuring.
£-77
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ENERGY HEALTH EFFECTS
1930 Acconpl1shments
In 1930, the Agency used a total of $5,641,600 for this sub-program, of which S185.000
was for Salaries and Expenses and $5,456,600 was for extramural research activities.
- The rate of uptake of cadmium as a surrogate for trace metals emitted fror power
plants has been established for rats, guinea pigs and pigs.
- A mammalian short-term test using rodent cells has been developed. This method
offers the speed of bacterial tests and the advantage of the application of mammalian cells.
- The impact of dose-rate on carcinogenesis of certain coal power plant effluents has
been established at high dose rates. This information is necessary to evaluate carcinogenic
effects of Con 1 plant effluents.
- A mathematical model has been developed to relate dose and temporal aspects for
chronic exposure and United exposure to carcinogens to induction of cancer in several
organs. This information is used to relate Infrequent exposures to continuous exposure
occuring in the environment in the vicinity of fossil fuel power plants.
- A relationship has been established between the dose-response function and the
reversibility of several cancer promoters. This Information 1s needed to establish the
conditions of promoters to the carcinogenic effects of fossil fuel power plants.
- A level II test for carcinogenicity testing has been validated using 2C carcinogens
and 20 noncarci nogens. This viral trans formation assay of hamster embroyo cells has also
been modified to reduce Its time from three weeks to about one week.
- The impact of methylation on the toxicity of chrmium VI has been established, and
quantitative mutagenicity of nine thallium compounds has been completed.
- Certain serum macromolecules (plasma lipoproteins) have been Identified as primary
transport mechanism of llpophillic toxicants, notably polynuclear aromatic matter.
1931 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $4,949,500 and 1 permanent workyear
to this sub-program, of which $44,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$4,905,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
1981 will be the final year for this sub-program.
- The usefulness of papilloma Induction (a benign growth on connective tissue) as an
indicator of carcinogenesis will be estaollshed for several classes of carcinogens
including polynuclear aromatic hydro carbons appearing as a result of combustion of
petroleum power plants or synfuel combustion.
- The relationship between the dose response function and the reversiblH :y of cancer
promoters will be tested for several classes of cancer promoters.
- Studies on the cytogenlc effects of benzene as a surrogate compound of energy
pollutants Including the determination of the Influences of age, sex. Induction status and
exposure using chromosal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange as Indicators of cytogenlc
effects will be completed.
E-78
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- The viral transformation of the hamster emgryo test (Level II test) will be used in
association with immunofluorescence. Antibodies will be developed to permit the instrumental
detection of viral transformation.
- Quantitative mutagenesis of a variety of fly ash samples will be completed.
- The significance of plasma lipoproteins for transport of polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbons from blood to target organs will be established.
- The rate and kinetics of the uptake of several polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in
several species of animals (rats, guinea pigs, and pigs) will be determined to extra-
polate data from lower animals to humans.
- A battery of tests for the determination of neurotoxicity of energy-ralated pollutants
will be validated.
- The immune response to aromatic hydrocarbons will be established. A comparison of
immune responses between rodents and primates such as humans.
- A method for estimating human exposure to toxics from synthetic fuel facilities
will oe developed. This method will have applicability in environmental assessments other
than health.
- A method will be adopted for evaluation of carcinogenic effects of synfuel products.
This method will be based on prioritizing various products from synfuels in terms of their
carcinogenic potential.
- Coal power plant effulents will be used to evaluate the validity of cell mediated
mutagenesis. Emphasis will be on the evaluation of metabolites and the evaluation of
most sensitive cells to shorten the testing time.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" the program structure presented In the 1981 President's Budget submission to
the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this
submission.
The net decrease of J885.800 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity Is $200.
- The Congress applied a general reduction of $12,214,000 to the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation; a decrease of $758,000 was applied to this activity.
- An Increase of $700 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $200 from other activities.
E-78
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- Transfer of $75,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts on Love Canal.
- Transfer of $63,500 to energy-hazardous pollutants to perform work related to
alternate fuels research initiative and to obtain information on oil shale.
- A transfer of $10,000 from air envlronmental engineering and technology for inter-
agency agreement support.
1982 "Ian
The Agency reouests no resources in this sub-program. The energy toxic substances
health effects research program was eliminated due to austere financial conditions and a
reordering of Agency priorities. If necessary, research on toxic substances from energy
sources will be funded by ORD's non-energy base programs.
Change from January Request
There is no change from the January 3udget.
ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1930 AccompI1 shments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $1,180,400 for this sub-program, of which $52,000
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,128,400 was for extramural research activities.
- Research was initiated to develop test methods for evaluating the effects of
sediments contaminated by energy-related pollutants on benthic invertebrates. The test
will be designed to evaluate pollutant effects on the life cycle of freshwater invertebrate
species. These methods will allow EPA to rapidly screen various energy-related pollutants
for toxicity reactions on Important food cnaln organisms.
- A program was initiated to validate the assumption that laboratory methods and
laboratory-derived criteria will protect whole ecosystems, using microcosms, mathematical
ecosystem models, and field studies. This work 1s being performed at the Montlcello
Ecological Research Station.
- Behavior test methods were developed to determine the response of aquatic organisms
to energy-related pollutants. Tests have been integrated with a coraputerlzed video
detection system to document such responses as feeding and swimming rates. A manual which
describes the computerized video detection system has also been prepared for use in the
quantification of the impacts of petroleum compounds on the behavior of aquatic life.
In 1980, a new barnacle larvae bloassay procedure was developed.
- A pilot testing program at two refuse-fired incinerators was completed to assess
the emission of pollutants from Incinerators which are planned to be used as electric
generating facilities.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $961,300 to this sub-program, of wfiicn
$59,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $902,300 is for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. 1981 is the final year
for this sub-program.
- Research Is being conducted to evaluate the overall effect of selected pollutants
associated with coal combustion on aquatic life In experimental channels in the EPA
test facility at Montlcello, Minnesota.
F - 79
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- Methods are being developed and validated to test the reproductive and chronic effects
of petroleum hydrocarbons on freshwater invertebrates.
- A method used to assess the effects of coal combustion products on the behavior of
aquatic organisms so as to establish MATC (Maximum Allowable Toxicant Concentrations) is
being developed and validated.
- A sjrvey/environmental assessment is being expanded to determine if energy combustion
processes at refuse-fired incinerators emit dioxin and other highly toxic organic compounds.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived from
"crosswalking" tne program structure presented in the 1981 President's Budget submission to
the new structure as presented 1n tne 1981 current estimate reflected in this submission.
The details of the restructuring of the research and development program, as well as the
crosswalk of resources itself, can be found in the Special Analyses section of this
submi ssion.
The net decrease of $182,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
o* $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is S20C.
- An increase of $500 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reprograrmiings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
in a transfer of $300 from other activities.
- Transfer of $135,000 to solid waste/non-energy to support efforts on Love Canal.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions in Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting
and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services;
the reduction applied to this activity is $49,300 wtiich is to be rescinded.
- Agencywide increases are required 1n order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $1,100.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests no resources 1n this sub-program. The energy toxic substances
environmental processes and effects program was eliminated due to austere financial
conditions and a reordering of Agency priorities. If necessary, research on toxic
substances from energy sources will be funded by ORD's non-energy base program.
Chanoe from January Request
There is no change from the January budget.
-------
ENERGY
Municipal Spills - Energy
Budget
Current
Increase
Actua1
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Decrease
1980
1981*
1981
1982
1982 vs.
(dollars in
thousands)
Appropriation
Municipal Spills Energy:
Salaries and Expenses
$285
$251
$242
120
-$122
Research and Development
373
362
362
480
-118
Total
613
604
600
-4
Permanent Positions
6
5
...
4
~4
Full-time Eauivalency
9
8
3
4
~ 1
•January 1930 President's Budget as adjusted by the Office of Research and Development
restructuring.
Budget Request
The Agency reauests a total of $600,000 and 4 permanent workyears for 1982, a decrease
of $4,000 from 1981. Included in this total 1s $120,000 for Salaries and Expenses and
$480,000 for Research and Development with a decrease of $122,300 and an Increase of
$118,300, respectively.
Program Description
This program has been developed under the auspices of the Municipal Spills Research
Committee. The disciplinary components (or sub-programs) of the program are integrated
into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly focused on Agency
research needs in this subject area.
The overall program develops, evaluates and demonstrates new and improved equip-
ment, devices and systems for the prevention, detection, identification, containment,
control and removal of oil released in the environment. This Includes the cleanup
and recovery of oil from spills. The development of hardware Is carried beyond the
prototype stage to the point where it Is ready for field Implementation by the commercial
community. The program also defines the techniques for the redevelopment and restoration
of ecosystems that have been biologically damaged as a result of spills. Methodologies
for mitigating the effects of such discharges are also identified. This program also
provides support for long-term exploratory research on the refinement of oil spill
control technology.
Activities and program proposals for each sub-program are presented Individually
in the following material.
MUNICIPAL SPILLS
1980 Accomplishments
In 1980, the Agency used a total of $657,800 for this sub-program, of w»iich
$284,800 was for Salaries and Expenses and $373,000 was for extramural research
activities.
E-32
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The following 1930 accomplishments addressed technology for the prevention
and control of oil spills in support of section 311 of the federal Hater Pollution
Control Act.
- Oil spill control eauioment including skimmers and floating booms were evaluated,
develooed and improved at EPA's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environrnental
Test Tank (OHVSETT). This equipment is being used by on-scene personnel in the
control of oil spills.
- 'Jser manuals were developed for oil spill damage assessment and oil spill preven-
tive health assessment as required under Sections 112 and 122 of the Clean Air Act.
- A field study of chemical and physical parameters such as viscosity and particle
s:;e. which affect the oil content of produced water discharged into waters of
the outer continental shelf from oil and gas production facilities were completed.
The data will be evaluated to determine methods of removing oil and other organics
fror the discharge streams.
1981 Program
In 1981, the Agency has allocated a total of $604,000 to this subprogram of which
S242.300 is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and $361,700 for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development Appropriation.
- Oil spill control and cleanup related equipment, techniques for using chemicals
to control oil spills, and procedures for cleanuo of spills in cold climates
will be evaluated.
- Techmaues for use by Regional on-scene coordinators for directing oil spill
cleanup and response efforts will be developed.
- The QHKSETT facility for full-scale evaluation of oil spill cleanup equipment at
sea will be funded and managed by EPA.
1931 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The resources reflected under the 1981 budget estimate column are derived f^om
'crosswalk:ng" the program structure presented in the 19S1 President's Budget
submission to the new structure as presented in the 1981 current estimate reflected
in this submission. The details of the restructuring of the research and development
program, as well as the crosswalk of resources Itself, can be found in the Special
Analyses section of this submission.
The net decrease of $3,600 results fron several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter
transmitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions
resulted in a decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses.
The reduction applied to this activity is $1,200.
- An increase of $3,100 results from the cost of the October 1930 pay raise
and is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Reorogramnr.nos to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted ;n a transfer of $500 to ether activities.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being
made in order to fund PC4B deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$10,000.
E-83
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1982 "Ian
The Agency reauests a total of $600,00 and 4 permanent workyears for this sub-program,
of which $120,0C0 is for Salaries and Expenses, and S480.000 is for Research and
Devel cpment.
This reoresents a decrease of $4,000; however, priority efforts to develop techniques
and technologies for field use in cleaning uo oil spills will be continued.
Major outputs to be achieved in 1982 are:
- Techniques will be developed to control and cleanup soil Is of oil on land and water.
This will include the evaluation of new oil spill cleanup and control equipment.
- Techniques and hardware will be developed for the protection and restoration of
shorelines contaminated by oil spills.
- Dispersants will be assessed, developed and demonstrated as an aid to oil spill
cleanup.
Change from January Request
This request represents a increase of $600,000 and 4 permanent worlcyears from
the January budget, of which $120,000 is for Salaries and Exoenses and $480,000 is
for Research and Development. This increase will result in the continuation of
pirority efforts to develop techniques and technologies for field use in cleaning
up ois spills.
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Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Salaries and Exoenses
Permanent Worxyears..
Full-Time Equivalency
Outlays
Authorized Levels....
Actual
1980
$200,367
2,491
3,205
160,163
26,753
Budget Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
[Hollars in thousands)
5219,403
2,559
3,303
186,940
4,666
S213.110
2,497
3,226
189,998
4,666
$232,578
2,437
3,179
208,801
~ $19,468
-60
-47
~21 ,803
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Management and Support media Includes both headquarters and regional management
and executive direction activities. The full cost of these activities is charged to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The management and support portions of this
media distinguish between program, agency and regional management and support activities.
Program Management Includes policy development, program direction and oversight,
and associated top management activities In the offices of: Hater and Waste Management;
A1r, Noise and Radiation; Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Enforcement; and Research and
Devel opnent.
Agency Management pertains to the functions of the Administrator and Deputy Adminis-
trator, their immediate staff and the staff offices which report directly to them.
Included is the Office of Planning and Management which 1s responsible for Agencywide
budgeting and financial management, analytic and evaluation functions, and the adminis-
trative services for EPA headquarters and the Agency's two largest field installations,
located at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative functions
performed in each region that are not directly associated with a given program.
The scale of management and support activities is a function of the demands of the
programs they serve. Therefore, Increases reflected under this media are confined to
high priority needs or mandatory Increases necessary to support the Agency's program
activities.
MS-1
-------
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
{1n thousands of dollars)
1981 Management and Support Program 5213,110
Management *11,450
The Increase 1s primarily to establish a
multi-media policy analysis and strategy
development capacity and criminal Investi-
gation capability In the Office of the
Assistant Administrator for Enforcement;
to continue developing and then implement
an integrated aoproach to the regulation
of toxic substances; and, provide
additional support to negotiate State/EPA
Agreements (SEA) and manage the SEA
process with the States.
Support *8,018
This increase will primarily cover
laboratory and office services, utilities,
and building maintenance; and nationwide
support costs.
1982 Management and Support Program 232,578
SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES
1. Summary of Budget Request
A total of S232,578,000 is requested in 1982 under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $19,468,000 over the 1981 management and sup-
port media. This change reflects increases in agency management, regional management
and agency's support activities.
2. Changes from Original 1981 Budget Estimate
Changes from the budget are as follows:
(in thousands of dollars)
Original 1981 estimate S219,503
Congressional reductions:
Travel -176
Consulting services -928
Senior executive services bonuses -288
ADP services -157
Planning and evaluation contracts -1,000
ADP technical support -5,795
Presidential reduction of $7H
(H. Doc. 96-294) -5,143
Proposed hazardous waste amendment +838
Proposed supplemental for October 1980
pay raise +1,539
Miscellaneous reprogramming actions..... *862
March 1981 changes to budget:
Travel -443
Consulting services.. -338
Moratorium on Procurement of equipment -209
Equipment costs -762
Increases to fund PCS8 deficits *6,347
Miscellaneous reprogrammlng actions... *121
Current 1981 estimate 213,110
MS-2
-------
Congressional changes of $8,344,300 were nade through reductions to travel
($.8 million), consulting services (S3.8 million), senior executive service bonuses
($.8 million), ADP services ($2 million), planning and evaluation contracts (SI million),
and ADP technical support ($5.8 million). The proposed supplemental to fund a portion
of the October 1980 pay raise will increase this media by $1,539,300.
A Presidential reduction of $7 million 1n salaries and expenses decreased this
media by $5,143,100.
Reprogramming actions result in a net Increase of $862,100 to the management and
support media and incluaes net transfers from the air media ($241,900); from water
quality ($181,500); from solid waste ($1,275,300); from pesticides ($30,300); from
toxic substances ($62,600); from noise ($51 ,300); from energy ($71 ,800); to radiation
($259,200); to interdi scipHnary ($776,600); and to drinking water ($19,800).
In accordance with 0M8 Bulletins, the March 1981 changes are as follows: travel
(-$443,000); consulting services (-$337,700); and moratorium on procurement of equipment
(-$208,800).
Interna! agency reprogrammings to fund PCSB deficits are as follows; equipment
costs (-$760,600); contractual services (-$762,300); agencywide Increases (+$6,346,700);
and miscellaneous reprogrammings (+$120,900).
ANALYSIS OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
Prior year obligations $200,367 $213,110
Effect of October 1980 pay raise... +1,539
Program increase +10,612 19,468
Change in amount of carryover funds
available -3.363
Total estimated obligations 213,110 232,578
(From new obligated authority) (213,110) (232,578)
(From prior year funds) (•••) (•••)
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
The effect of the October 1980 pay raise will increase obligations by $1,539,300.
The increase 1n 1981 budget authority over the 1980 level will Increase obligations by
$10,612,000. In 1982 the Increase In budget authority will result 1n an Increase of
$19.5 million to obligations.
In 1980, obligations Included $3.3 million from carryover funds primarily for prior
year support costs. In 1981 and 1982, there are no carryover funds.
HS-3
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
MANAGEMENT
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expenses:
Program Management $13,108 $14,058 $13,358 $16,017 +$2,659
Agency Management 73,914 75,321 80,671 88,153 + 7,482
Regional Management..,. 22,019 23,641 23.455 24,764 + 1,309
Total. $109,041 $113,020 $117,484 $128,934 +$11,450
Permanent Positions:
Program Management 263 281 269 281 +12
Agency Management 1 ,572 1 ,608 1 ,585 1 ,546 -39
Regional Management.... 656 670 643 6J_0 -33
Total 2,491 2,559 2,497 2,437 -60
Full-time Equivalency:
Program Management 316 386 356 387 +31
Agency Management 2,072 2,092 2,070 2,029 -41
Regional Management.... 817 825 800 763 -37
Total 3,205 3,303 3,226 3,179 -47
"urpose
This activity provides for centralized executive direction and management of
EPA programs at the headquarters and ten regional offices. It Includes the program
management activities for the foil wing EPA offices: Research and Development; Water
and Waste Management; Air, Noise and Radiation; Pesticides and Toxic Substances; and
Enforcement.
Agency and regional management provides direction, management and administrative
support for all EPA programs at headquarters and the ten regional offices. It includes
those activities which are not directly associated with a given program activity. Agency
and regional management encompasses the salaries and related expenses of the Administrator
and the Regional Administrators, their Immediate staffs, the staff offices which report
directly to them, the Office of Inspector General, and the Office of the General/Regional
Counsel. In addition, it Includes those organizations within the Agency which provide
central management, analytic, and administrative services. These central management
activities Include program planning and evaluation, economic analysis, budgeting and
financial management, personnel administration, contracts and grants management, and
other activities required for the effective management of Agency programs. The full
cost of these program direction and managerial activities are charged to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
MS-4
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Sudoet Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,016,800 and 281 permanent workyears for 1982, an
increase of $2,658,600 and 12 permanent workyears from 1981,
Program Description
This activity provides for the program direction of the following offices: Office
of Water and Waste Management, Office of A1r, Noise, and Radiation, Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances, Office of Enforcement, and Office of Research and Development.
Specifically, this activity covers the salaries and related expenses for the Assistant
Administrators of the aforementioned offices and their immediate staffs.
1981
1982
Change
Pos.
Amount
Pos.
Amount
Pos
Amount
(dollars in thousands)
Office of Air, Noise and
Radiation
48
$2,061
53
$3,032
~5
+$971
Office of Enforcement
35
1 ,604
56
2,771
~ 21
~1,167
Office of Research and
Devel ooment
83
4,021
78
3,818
-5
-203
Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
47
2,599
47
3,077
-
~478
Office of Water and Waste
Management
56
3,073
47
3,319
-9
+ 246
Total
269
$13,358
281
$16,017
+ 12
+$2,659
Included 1n the 12 position net increase for this activity is an increase of 21
positions in the Office of Enforcement to establish a multi-media policy analysis and
strategy development capacity and a criminal investigation capability in the Office of
the Assistant Administrator. This will enhance the Agency's ability to develop multi-
media compliance, mjnitoring, and inspection programs and integrate compliance and moni-
toring Information. It will also strengthen overall policy direction and coordination
m the areas of litigation management, penalty policy, and criminal investigations. The
remaining increases and decreases 1n this component represent priority shifts between
central management functions and Agency program activities.
1981 Expanatlon of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $700,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted In a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied
to this activity Is $75,400.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $23,400
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $82,900 was applied to this activity.
The Congress reduced agencywlde Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $33,900 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde ADP services by $2 million; a decrease $57,500
was applied to this activity.
- An increase of $179,200 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
1s Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
MS-5
-------
- Transfer of $62,600 from air-gases and particles/non-energy, in order to support
technical Information coordinator and an international travel coordinator.
- Transfers resulted in an increase of $68,100: from energy-gases and particles
($8,100); from air-gases and particles/non-energy ($40,000); and from alr-oxidants non-
energy ($20,000), in order to support industrial hygienist positions at Research Triangle
Park.
- Transfer of $816,500 to interdisciplinary-Minority Institutions Research Support,
to reflect the transfer of this program out of the management account.
- Transfer of $27,800 from water auality municipal source control in order to
provide additional support for the Office of Hater Program Operations.
- A transfer of $15,300 was made to the Administrative Law Judges to provide addi-
tional resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance penalties
under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
- A transfer of $65,100 was made to the raditlon media in order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
- A transfer of $33,900 was made to the Office of Inspector General in order to
provide additional resources to that Office.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1795,900 is being used
to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCS8 deficits. The reduction applied to
this activity is $39,200.
- OIB 3ullet1n #31-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions in Fiscal Tear 1981 Consulting
and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services;
the reduction applied to this activity is $20,900, wtilch is being redirected to fund
PC4B deficits.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment: the total reduction of $421,000
is being used to fund PC4B deficits. The reduction applied to this activity is $16,000.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs 1s being made
in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $26,500.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $1 ,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PC&8 deficits; the reduction applied to this activity Is
$52,400.
- Agencywide Increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity 1s $247,600.
- Transfer of $31,100 to Industrial wastewater/non-energy ($7,000); to drinking
water non-energy ($7,000); to solid waste non-energy ($5,800); to pesticides non-energy
($5,800); to toxic chemicals testing and assessment ($5,900); to multimedia energy
($5,900), from toxics monitoring systems and quality assurance ($6,300).
- Transfer of $108,000 from drinking water ($19,500); from hazardous waste
($30,000); and from water quality ($58,500), to fund participation in the University of
Southern Cal1forn1a/Env1ronmental Management Institute.
- Transfer of $4,100 to toxics substances enforcement to realign PC4B costs.
MS-6
-------
Chanae From January Request
The net Increase m program management of 1 permanent position and $79,000 results
from several actions: {)) an increase of 5 permanent positions and $101,000 1n the
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation is provided to enhance centralized program management
activities; (2) an increase of 8 permanent positions and $463,000 1n the Office of
Enforcement will be used to strengthen multi-media policy analysis and criminal
investigation coordination; (3) a decrease of 4 permanent positions and $157,000 in
the Office of Research and Development represents a shift from central management functions
to program activities and a reduction of admlnistrative support in the Cincinnati, Research
Triangle Park, and Headquarters offices; (4) a decrease of 5 permanent positions and
$166,030 in tne Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances reflects a management
overheat; reduction; and (5) a decrease of 3 permanent positions and $160,000 reflects a
shift from central management functions to other program activities.
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $88,152,500 and 1 ,546 permanent worlcyears for 1982,
an increase of $7,481,300 but a decrease of 39 permanent workyears from 1981.
Program Description
The Agency management component provides for Agencywlde policy direction and manage-
ment activities and includes the salaries and associated costs for the Immediate Office
of the Administrator, the staff offices which report directly to the Administrator, the
Office of the Inspector General, the Office of General/Regional Counsel, and the Office
of Planning and Management.
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
The Office of the Administrator includes the Administrator and Deputy Administrator
and their immediate staffs. The Administrator and Deputy Administrator are responsible
for providing policy direction to the Agency and ensuring the Implementation of these
policies. The staff offices perform a variety of functions which are closely related to
the development and 1molementation of Agency policies and programs. These staff groups
are responsible for legislative services and congressional relations, press services.
International activities, civil rights, liaison with other Federal agencies, coordination
of regional operations, and relations with State and local governments. The Office of
Admnistrative Law Judges and the Agency's Science Advisory Board are also included 1n
the Office of the Administrator. The Science Advisory Board consists of expert consul-
tants, supported by a small In-house staff, who provide advice to the Administrator on
scientific and technical issues.
The Office of the General Counsel provides legal advice and assistance to the
Administrator and other Agency components. The Office of Regional Counsel provides
similar services within each of the ten regional offices.
The Office of the Inspector General provides independent appraisals of EPA's pro-
grams and financial operations and analyzes EPA's legislation and regulations, to ensure
that they promote efficiency and economy within the Agency. In addition, 1t conducts
investigations of alleged violations of EPA regulations and Federal criminal statutes.
The 1982 request for the Executive Offices is a net Increase of 4 permanent
pos i tions.
MS-7
-------
1931
1932
Change
Office
Pos
. Amount
Pos
. Amount
Pos.
Amount
Office of the Adminlstrator
41
$2,110
51
$2,655
+10
+$545
Office of Legislation
35
1,418
34
1 ,549
-1
+ 131
Office of International Activities
13
1,200
18
1,363
- • ~
+163
Office of Civil Rights
24
1,285
24
1 ,428
• • •
+ 143
Office of Public Awareness
32
2,272
4
125
-23
-2,147
Office of Environmental Review....
35
1,408
32
1 ,507
-3
+99
Administrative Law Judges
15
719
26
1,014
+11
+295
Office of Regional Liaison
3
172
2
149
-1
-23
Science Advisory Board
12
392
15
1.061
+3
-169
Office of Press Services
12
667
12
825
• « •
+158
Office of Small and Disadvantaged
Business Utilization
4
232
4
209
• - .
-23
Office of Intergovernmental
Relations
3
306
2
332
-1
+26
Subtotal Administrator/
Staff Offices
234
{1 2,631
224
$12,217
-10
-$464
Office of the Inspector General...
121
10,483
140
11 .752
+19
+1 ,269
Office of General/Regional
Counsel
206
8,000
201
8,275
-5
+275
TOTAL Executive Offices
561
S31,164
565
$32,244
~4
+51,080
Full-Time Equivalency
677
• • •
685
• • •
+8
• • •
This net Increase Includes the following Increases and decreases:
A 28 position decrease in the Office of Public Awareness reflects the elimination
of functions including information activities and constituency development. This
reduction 1s part of the Agency's effort to reduce duplication of activities per.
formed by headquarters and regional program offices.
A 19 position increase for the Office of Inspector General does not reflect a true
increase. Due to the federal hiring freeze, the authorized level for this program
was decreased in FY81. The nineteen positions will restore this Office to the
level of service which existed prior to the FY81 reduction.
An 11 position Increase for the Administrative Law Judges Includes seven positions
to restore this Office to the level of service which existed prior to the hiring
freeze related reductions 1n FY81. An additional four position Increase will pro-
vide for increased adjudicatory activity in the areas of Pesticide Cancellation
hearings. Section 120 of the Clean A1r Act, and civil penalties under the Toxic
Substance Control Act.
A 10 position Increase 1n the Administrator's office will provide seven positions
for publishing the Calendar of Federal Regulations, a function which was previously
carried out by the Regulatory Council. Three positions are added to restore the
Inmedlate Office of the Administrator to the 1981 level.
A 3 position Increase for the Science Advisory Board will permit increased scientific
review of Agency regulations, and restore this activity to the level of service
which existed prior to the hiring freeze related reductions In FY81.
Decreases in the Offices of Federal Activities, Regional Liaison, Intergovernmental
Relations and General/Regional Counsel reflect the transfer of resources to higher
priority program activities.
MS-8
-------
CONTRACTS
The significant contracts for the Executive Offices in 1981 and 1982 are listed
below:
1981 1982 Change Purpose
(dollars in thousands)
Office of the Insoector $3,627 $3,680 *$53 Contracts with CPA firms and
General State agencies for the conduct
of construction grant audits.
Office of Public Awareness S252 - -$252 Production and distribution
of information/educational
materials.
Change From January Request
The net decrease in the Executive Offices of 45 permanent positions and $2,506,000
results from several actions as follows:
- An increse of 5 permanent plosltions and $497,000 in the Immediate Office of
the Administrator 1s thenet effect of a 7 position Increase for publishing the
Calendar of Federal Regulations, and a 2 position decrease of overhead manage-
ment activities.
- A decrease of 28 permanent positions and $2,753,000 in the Office of Public
Awareness reflectsa reassessment of how the Agency manages public awareness
activities. Many of these activities which are now managed centrally will be
eliminated or consolidated with similar functions performed in program and
regional offices.
- Decrease totalling 22 permanent positions and $250,000 in the Office of
Legislation. International Activities, Civil Rights, Environmental Review,
Regional Liaison, Intergovernmental Relations, Small and Disadvantaged Business
Utilization, General/Regional Counsel and Inspector General reflect management
overhead reductions.
- The Civil Rights Investigation request represents a slight decrease of $10,000.
This decrease will result in slightly fewer Civil rights discrimination
complaints being investigated.
Office of Planning and Management
The Office of Planning and Management (0PM) performs agencywide management and
analytic functions and provides administrative services to headquarters and the Research
Triangle Park (RTP) and Cincinnati, Ohio field facilities.
There are four organizational components within the Office of Planning and Manage-
ment (0PM). The Office of the Assistant Administrator provides overall direction for
all 0PM activities and carries out the Agency's occupational health and safety program.
The Office of Planning and Evaluation (OPE) serves as an Agencywide economic and policy
analysis resource, in addition to performing program evaluation and regulatory review
functions. The Office of Resources Management (ORM) is responsible for coordination and
management of the Agency's budget, program review and accountability, and financial and
grants management. The Office of Management and Agency Services (DMAS) provides services
in the areas of personnel administration, contract placement, data processing and system
design, management analysis, library services and facilities acquisition and management.
MS-9
-------
1981
1982
Change
Pos.
Amount
Pos.
Amount
Pos.
Amount
Office of the Assistant
Administrator
27
52.167
23
$1 ,851
-4
-$316
Office of Management
and Agency Services
669
25,893
625
25,677
-44
-216
Office of Resources Management....
232
9,330
209
8,848
-23
-432
Office of Planninq and Evaluation.
96
12,117
124
19,533
~ 28
~7,416
Total
1 ,024
$49,507
981
$55,909
-43
+$6,402
Full-Time Equivalency
1 ,393
,344
-49
The Agency requests a net decrease of 43 permanent workyears for the Office of
Planning and Management In 1982.
The decrease of 23 positions 1n the Office of Resources Management results primarily
from a decision to merge the budget control and process, data base management, and
analytic activities currently split between two divisions into the Office of the Comp-
troller. The Agency anticipates that this consolidation of budget related activities
will produce a nore efficient budget operation.
The reduction of 44 positions 1n the Office of Management and Agency Services is
the net result of a 49 position decrease in the contracting, personnel, and facilities
management areas and an increase of 5 positions 1n information management. The position
reduction will result in a limitation of some support services but will be partially
offset by contracting for commercial kinds of services. The increase for management of
information systems will enable the Agency to continue an initiative begun 1n FY81 to
stregthen management of Its information resources. This 1s essential to consolidate and
integrate major cross-media Information resources, particularly 1n the toxics and
hazardous waste areas.
The Agency 1s developing and will impleaient an approach to regulating toxic sub-
stances which ensures more consistent, coordinated regulation by EPA's various program
offices and regions. In order to finish developing and then implement this strategy,
the Office of Planning and Evaluation is requesting an increase of 28 positions and
approximately $5,000,000. In total, the Office will dedicate 30 positions to this
effort. Other dollar Increases In the Office of Planning and Evaluation will provide
enhanced statistical support to the regions and program offices.
The major contracts for the Office of Planning and Management for 1981 and 1982 are
sumnarlzed below:
Office
1981 1982 Change
(doTTars 1n thousands)
Purpose
Office of Resources
Management
$451 $481 +130 Contract assistance will be used to
determine the resource Impact of new
regulations, such as those covered
by the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act and the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act, and to assess the
the impacts of alternative construe
tion grants formulations. Contracts
will be used to modigy the grants
Information system and to integrate
the Office's budget and financial
management systems.
MS-10
-------
Office
1981 1932 Change
(doTTars in thousands)
Purpose
Contracts will help assess the eco-
nomic impacts and benefits of EPA
regulations on major industries,
state and local governments, and
consumers. OPE will also utilize
funds to analyze the energy impact
of environmental regulations and
the environmental Impact of energy
legislation and provide statistical
analysis to support the regions
and programs. In FY82 contract
funds also will be used to finish
developing and then implement an
Integrated approach to the regula-
tion of toxic substances.
1991 Explanation of Change from Budget Request
The net Increase of $5,322,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted. President Carter trans-
mitted revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a
decrease of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied
to tnis activity Is $379,600.
- A 1981 budget amendment for hazardous waste programs and related activities was
submitted to the Congress. This amendment resulted in an Increase of $838,000 to this
act ivi ty.
- The Congress reduced agencywide travel costs by $850,000;a decrease of $93,500
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $562,900, was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $166,000 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced planning and evaluaton contracts by $1 million.
- An Increase of $1,015,300 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise
and is Included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Transfers resulted 1n an Increase of $369,000 from hazardous waste management
regulatory strategies Implementation ($253,000) and from hazardous waste permit enforce-
ment ($116,000), to support the legal services workload associated with hazardous waste
program implementation.
- Transfers resulting in an increase of $193,900 from hazardous waste regulations,
guidelines and policies ($81,600), from hazardous waste enforcement ($7,700), from
hazardous waste permit enforcement ($23,000), and from solid waste/non-energy ($81,600),
1n order to provide the Office of Planning and Management with additional resources to
administer RCRA programmatic Increases.
- Transfer of $281 ,400 from agencywide resources for the Office of Inspector General.
The net decrease to media is as follows: energy ($12,200); water quality ($144,300);
Office of Planning
and Evaluation $6,355 $12,630 *$6,275
MS-11
-------
solid waste (513,600); air ($11,700); pesticides ($4,700) toxic substances ($18,900);
radiation ($11,100); interdisciplinary ($23,300); and other management and support
activities ($41,600).
- Transfer of $185,100, agencywide, from various activities to provide additional
resources to the Office of the Administrative Law Judges to support a new program for
instituting civil noncompliance penalties under Section 102 of the Clean Air Act; the
transfers summarized by media are from: air ($100,800); from water quality ($21,800);
from pesticides ($11,600); from radiation ($500); from noise ($10,500); from interdisci-
plinary ($6,000); from toxic substances ($13,300); from energy ($3,700); and fron other
management and support activities ($16,900).
- A transfer of $87,100 was made to the radiation media In order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
- 0HB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal fear 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being
used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is $232,700.
- 0KS Bulletin #81-8, January 24, 1981, "Reductions 1n Fiscal Tear 1981 Consulting
and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services;
the reduction applied to tnis activity 1s $249,300, which is being redirected to fund
PCSB deficits.
- 0M8 Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981 , "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000
is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this actlblty is $30,800.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity Is $166,500.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$61,100.
- Agencywide increases are required in order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity is $5,619,000.
- Transfer of $526,000 to the nationwide support account in order to reflect the
agencywide charges for payroll checks 1n a support account.
- Reprogramrnings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs resulted
1n an increase of $376,300: from air stationary source enforcement ($6,800); water quality
dredge and fill ($12,700); drinking water standards and regulations implement ($33,800);
solid waste management strategies implementation ($33,100); solid waste technical assist-
ance delivery ($1,800); solid waste strategy regulations development ($108,000); pesti-
cides enforcement ($10,600); interdisciplinary EIS review ($8,800); toxic substances
management ($7,000); and from regional management activities ($140,600).
MS-12
-------
Change from January Request
The net decreases of 96 permanent positions and $4,825,000 In the Office of Planning
and Management results from several actions as follows:
- A decrease of 2 permanent positions and $112,000 in the Office of tne Assistant
Aomnistrator for Planning and Management Is a management overhead reduction,
- A cecrease of 64 permanent positions and $1,2*2,000 in the Office of Management
and Agency Services reflects 3 24 position reduction in office and building services
provided to Agency programs; a 14 position reduction In personnel counseling and training
activities; a 16 position reduction related to the Agency's efforts to stregthen manage-
ment of its information resources; and a 10 position reduction related to workload
decreases in Contracts Management.
- A decrease of 14 permanent positions and $523,000 in the Office of Resources
Management reflects the consolidation of budget-related activities, currently split
between two divisions, in the Office of the Comptroller.
- The Occupational Health and Safety request represents a decrease of $10,000.
This decrease will result in a slight reduction in health related contracts.
- A decrease of 16 permanent positions and $2,948,000 In the Office of Planning
and Evaluation limits the amount of statistical support to be provided to the program
and regional offices and the Agency's management of the information collection require-
ments. Additionally, the effort to develop and implement an Intergrated approach to
regulation of toxic substances has been reduced by $2,000,100.
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
3udget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,764,000 and 610 permanent workyears for 1982, an
increase of $1,308,900 from 1981 but a decrease of 33 permanent worfcyears.
Program Description
This component provides for the salaries and expenses of the Regional Administrators,
their Immediate staffs, and of the staff offices reporting directly to them. Additional
activities supported here Include the regional central management functions of program
planning, analysis and evaluation, financial and personnel management, and administrative
services.
Tne net decrease of 33 positions includes several changes. A decrease of 42 posi-
tions in Regional Policy Direction 1n the functional areas of intergovernmental relations,
congressional liaison, civil rights, and public awareness reflects the Agency's effort
to consolidate many of these functions with similar headquarters and regional program
operations. Small decreases also occur 1n administrative services, financial management,
and personnel. Partially offsetting the decreases is an Increase of 11 positions reflect-
ing the centralizatlon of resources to negotiate and manage State/EPA Agreements.
MS-13
-------
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $186,000 results from several actions, as follows:
• Shortly after the 1981 oudget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Oocument 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is SI38,100.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $57,600
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $177,800 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywide Senior Executive Service bonuses by $750,000; a
decrease of $88,400 was applied to this activity.
- An Increase of $338,900 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and
is included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Transfer of $98,300 from municipal waste treatment facility construction, to
provide sufficient resources to support regional financial management support of
construction grant activities.
- Transfer of $474,000 to regional support as a result of a study made of regional
needs.
- Reprogrammings to realign salary and related costs to meet on-board needs
resulted in a net transfer and increase of $278,800: to water quality penult issuance
($1,100), to standards and regulations ($1 ,000), to municipal waste treatment facility
construction ($122,500); to drinking water standards and regulations implementation
($46,900), to drinking water enforcement ($6,700); to pesticides use management ($25,200);
to toxic substances enforcement ($6,700); from water quality dredge and fill ($1,200);
from hazardous wastes enforcement ($255,500), from solid waste regional technical assist-
ance delivery ($8,100), from hazardous waste management regulatory strategies implemen-
tation ($86,900); from pesticides enforcement ($26,100); from radiation program implemen-
tation ($1,200); from noise regional program implementation ($30,200); from Environmental
impact statements ($1,800); from energy review and permitting ($47,800); and from toxic
substances strategies ($30,100).
- A transfer of $4,700 was made to the Office of Inspector General in order to
provide additional resources to that Office.
- A transfer of $1,600 was made to the Administrative taw Judges to provide
additional resources to support a new program for instituting civil noncompliance
penalties under Section 120 of the Clean Air Act.
- Transfer $140,600 to agency management. Office of General/Regional Counsel,
to realign regional costs to meet on-board needs.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 is being
used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB) deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity 1s $145,700.
MS-14
-------
ONS Bulletin #81-9, January 3C, 1981, "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", reaulred agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000
is being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this activity is $400,
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,500,000 to equipment costs is being made
in order to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this activity is $166,000.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services 1s
seing made in order to fund °CSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$35,000.
- Agencywide increases are required 1n order to fund the PCSB deficits; the increase
applied to this activity Is S527,900.
- A decrease of 53 permanent postlons and 41 ,708,000 1n the regional policy activity
reflects reductions in the following functional areas: public awareness, congressional
liaison, and intergovernmental relations. Additionally, the Interagency Regulatory Liaison
Group and minority business enterprlse/external compliance functions are reduced.
Change from January Request
The net decrease in the regional management activity of 99 permanent workyears
and $3,250,000 results from several actions as follows:
- A decrease of 24 permanent positions ana $725,000 in regional planning,
evaluation, and analysis reflects a 10 position reduction in resources available for
the Regional Management Analytic Centers and a 14 position decrease in the activity
associated with negotiating and coordinating State/EPA agreements.
- A decrease of 7 pemanent positions and 5213,000 from the regional personnel
management activity reflects a reduction in counseling and training activities.
- A decrease of 9 permanent positions and $423,000 in the regional administrative
management activity will result ir, a slight decrease in support services to the regional
p'o^rans.
- A decrease of 6 permanent positions and $181,000 in the regional financial
-lanagement activity will temporarily delay efforts to strengten debt collection and
cash -nanagement practices.
- A decrease of 53 permanent positions and $41 ,708,000 in the regional policy
activity reflects reductions in the following functional areas: public awareness,
congressional liaison, and interwove rrmental relations. Additionally, the Inter-
agency Regulatory Liaison Group and minority business enterprise/external compliance
functions are reduced.
MS-15
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1980 1981 1981 1982
Increase »
Oecrease -
1982 vs. 1981
Idollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expenses:
Program Support
Agency Support
$8,488 $6,338 56,122 $6,244 *$122
74,149 88,371 77,695 86,398 *8,703
Regional Support
Total
8,689 11,674 11,809 11,002 -807
{91.326 S105.3S3 S43.626 5103,o44 -Sfl.dls
Purpose
Support Services Include non-personnel costs for services provided across the
Agency, such as laboratory and office services, building operations and maintenance,
communications, facilities lease costs, and central ADP services.
PROGRAM SUPPORT
Budget Request
The Aoency requests a total of $6,244,000 for 1982, an Increase of $122,000 from
1981.
Program Description
These funds pay for support services required to operate the laboratories of the
Office of Research and Development, the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, and
the Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation. These direct costs consist mainly of laboratory
and office services, utilities, building maintenance, and other housekeeping items. The
program support increases are due to cost increases for utilities, building operations,
and laboratory and office services.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $216,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- The Congress reduced agencywlde travel costs by $850,000; a decrease of $1,600
was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agencywlde consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $94,100 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced agency ADP services by $2 million; a decrease of $99,000
was applied to this activity.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981 "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain Equip-
ment", required agencywlde reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000 is
being used to fund PCS8 deficits. The reduction applied to this activity Is $21,400.
Changes from January Request
The decrease of $500,000 In program support reflects:
- A reduction of $377,000 1n support service contracts from Research and
Development Laboratory Support.
- A reduction of $123,000 in support service contracts from abatement and control
laboratory support.
MS-16
-------
AGENCY SUPPORT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 586,398,400 for 1982, an increase of $8,703,600 from
1981.
Program Description
The Agency support component provides general support services to all program
operations at EPA headquarters; Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and
Cincinnati, Ohio. It also includes a number of support activities which serve the needs
of all Agency programs and which are managed at the headquarters level. The Agency
support subactivity can be summarized in terms of the following major areas of cost:
Office Services—Common services at the three locations referred to above, including
laboratory and office supplies, audio-visual equipment and contracts, and printing and
duplication.
Building Services—Utilities, local telephone service, routine maintenance and
minor modifications to accommodate staff relocations, building maintenance contracts,
equipment rentals, guard and janitorial services, and employee health service contracts.
library Services—Books, journals, equipment, and service contracts for the head-
quarters library and the branch libraries at Research Triangle Park and Cincinnati, as
well as specialized A0° services, literature searches, technical report processing and
library systems development for the Agencywide library system.
Nationwide Costs--Agencywide costs for the following support activities: facilities
rental and associated costs; payments to the U.S. Postal Service; Federal Telecommuni-
cations Service {FTS); security Investigations; reimbursements to the Federal Employees
Compensation Fund; payments to the Public Health Service for personnel administration
services for commissioned officers assigned to EPA; and contracts which support the
Agency's occupational health and safety program.
ADP Technical Support--Contracts for systems development and evaluation and other
technical services required to support the Agency's central ADP activities.
ADP Timesharing Servlces—AOP timesharing and related services provided to all
Agency programs through contracts with commercial suppliers and inhouse computer
facilities.
The following tabulation 1s a breakdown of overall costs of providing support
services:
1981 1982 Change
(dollars in thousands)
Office Services 53,105 $3,211 +106
Building Services 13,869 15,208 +1,339
library Services 1,444 1 ,488 * 44
Nationwide Costs... 35,968 41 ,210 +5,242
ADP Technical Support... 3,647 3,987 +340
ADP Timesharing................. 19,190 20,77] +1,581
Professional Training 472 523 +51_
Total $77,695 $86,398 +$8,703
HS-17
-------
The requested Increase of $106,000 for Office Services will provide for expected
cost increases for expendable office supplies.
The Building Services Increase of $1,339,000 provides for Increased costs of tele-
phones, utilities, equipment rentals, and maintenance of facilities due to the higher
costs of fuel, services, and contracts.
The Library Services Increase of $44,000 will provide for higher costs of scientific
and technical publications.
The $5,242,000 increase requested for Nationwide costs provides for costs of addi-
tional space which Is being leased to accommodate additional personnel and programs
authorized in 1980, 1981 , and 1982 at Headquarters, and regional offices and field
laboratories.
The ADP technical support increase of $340,000 provides for funds to design, develop,
and integrate EPA's central budget, financial management, personnel, and contracts infor-
mation systems.
The ADP Timeshare increase of $1 ,581,000 provides for expanded air, drinking water,
hazardous waste, and toxic substances systems support provided through the Agency central
data center.
The $51,000 increase for professional training provides for Implementation of the
Senior Executive Service Candidate Program mandated by the Civil Service Reform Act of
1978.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of $10,648,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- Shortly after the 1981 budget estimate was submitted, President Carter transmitted
revisions to the budget (House Document 96-294); these revisions resulted in a decrease
of $7 million to EPA's request for Salaries and Expenses. The reduction applied to this
activity is $4,550,000.
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $3,300 was applied to this activity.
- The Congress reduced ADP technical support by $5,795,000.
- An Increase of $5,900 results from the cost of the October 1980 pay raise and is
included in a proposed supplemental appropriation.
- Transfer of $526,000 from agency management to reflect the agencywide payroll
check charges in the agencywide support account.
- Transfer of $205,400 from hazardous waste regulations, guidelines, and policies
($117,000); hazardous waste enforcement ($22,000); and solid waste/non-energy ($66,400),
to provide additional funds to meet increased RCRA programmatic requirements.
- A transfer of $119,800 was made to the radiation media In order to support the
Radiation Policy Council.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981, "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
required agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 1s being
used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PC&8) deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is $6,300.
- 0MB Bulletin #81-8, January 24, 1981 , "Reductions 1n Fiscal Year 1981 Consulting
and Related Services", required a total reduction of $1,794,200 to consulting services;
the reduction applied to this activity is $67,500, which 1s being redirected to fund
PCSB deficits.
MS-18
-------
- OMB Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981 "Moratorium on Procurment of Certain Equip-
ment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421,000 is
aeing used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this activity is $142,600.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of 56,550,000 to equipment being made in order
to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $184,100.
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $1 ,790,800 to other contractual services Is
being made 1n order to fund PC4E deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$516,500.
- Agencywide reprogrammings are required 1n order to fund the PCSB deficits; the
decrease applied to this activity is $800.
Cnanqes froir January Request
The reduction of $12,593,000 in agency support results from several actions as
follows:
- A decrease of $8,765,000 1n headquarters support costs reflects cancellation of
the najor ADP system acquisition projects that had been planned m accordance with OMB
Circular A-109.
- The ADP Support cost request remains at the same level as the January budget.
- A decrease of $3,801,000 from nationwide support costs reflects reduction of
support services and Is related to the reduction in Agency positions and to a slow down
in the acquisition of additional office space.
- A decrease of $27,000 1n professional training will result In a reduction 1n
training opportunities offered to EPA staff.
REGIONAL SUPPORT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1 1 ,002,300 In 1982, a decrease of $306,900 from
1981.
Program Description
This activity covers the mandatory support for regional offices Including telephone
service, guard service, supplies, printing, copying services, rental of office equipment,
GSA work orders, and ADP equipment. This activity also provides for other necessary
services such as management surveys of equipment utilization, library services, and
laboratory analyses. The decrease of $806,900 results from non-recurring equipment
purchases and space alterations that occurred 1n 1981, as well as a planned reduction in
the current level of services.
1981 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
The net increase of $135,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- The Congress reduced agencywide consulting services by $3.8 million; a decrease
of $7,400 was applied to this activity.
- Transfer of $474,000 from regional management activities reflecting a study made
of regional needs.
- OMB Bulletin #81-7, January 24, 1981 , "Fiscal Year 1981 Travel Reduction",
reoulred agencywide reductions to travel; the total reduction of $1,795,900 Is being
used to fund personnel compensation and benefits (PCSB deficits. The reduction applied
to this activity is $19,100.
MS-19
-------
- OMB Bulletin #81-9, January 30, 1981 "Moratorium on Procurement of Certain
Equipment", required agencywide reductions to equipment; the total reduction of $421 ,000
1s being used to fund PCSB deficits. The reduction applied to this activity is $19,000.
- An internal agencywide reduction of $6,550,000 to equipment costs Is being made
in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is $196,100,
- An Internal agencywide reduction of $1,790,800 to other contractual services is
being made in order to fund PCSB deficits; the reduction applied to this activity is
$97,300.
Changes from January Request
The decrease of $749,000 reflects a reduction in the level of regional support
services to be provided.
MS-20
-------
Buildings and
Facilities
SECTION TAB
-------
3u:l:ings and fac:i:-:e3
3°.GGRAH HIGHLIGHTS Budget Cur-ent Increase -
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1991 1932 1982 vs. ,93"
(dollars -n thousands,
3ui 1 51 r*gs and "ic'.l'ties:
Actrcor- jfon 51 ,667 SJ.'IS Si .115 Si.MS ...
Outlays 1 ,592 2,500 2,SCO 3,.*00 .ZCC
Author'ration Level Automation is oy virtue of trie Approor-aticn -ci.
OVERVIEW AND ST3ATEST
The 3ui?d1 ngs and Facilities aoprooriation funds design, construction,
repairs ir.i agents to 'a:r 1 zzzst i-il :Jr;: zzz.z'zt E'1.
In l?ol, £?A oegan an analysis o* its capital juaget anc -aci* - ties srzqnn
to ensure that Agency laboratories ineet nealtn anc safety stanoards for current
-pcstions and cm safe'y Ki"dle high-hazard sarroles to 5* generated by hazardous
tS *n.£ ' v ^ »S 'j n
-------
SUWAR* or INCREASES AND 2-.ZZZAZZ1
1981 Buildings and Facilities Program S4,T5
1582 3ui1di«gs and Facilities Program ..... 4,15
SireAfi* OF 3'JSGET ESTIMATES
1. Sunwary of Budget aeouest
An appropriation of $4,115 1s requested for the 3uildings and
Facilities account. The total amount requested *111 be used for repairs
and Improvements to existing facilities.
2. Charges from Or'-gi^al Budget £st4|nat»
There is no change from the budget estimate.
ANALYSIS OF !1C?EASES AMD DECREASES
Current
Estimate Est'mate
1981 1982
(in thousands of so liars)
Prior Year Obligations SI ,567 $4.-CO
Change m amount of car-vover
avail able "718 -135
Program increase ~2,^3
Change in rate of obligation -533 ->722
Total estimated obligations 4.200 4,337
(From new obligation authority).... >1,393) (4,115)
(From prior year funds) (907) (722)
•XPLAMATItW OF INCREASES MO DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
The amount of carryover funds to be obligated in 1981 is 5907,300, an
Increase of $718,000 from the 1980 level. The amount of carryover funds to
be obligated In 1982 1s S722.000, a decrease of $185,000 from :he 1931 level.
The increase of 1981 budget authority over the 1980 level will increase
obligations by $2,448,000. A change in the rate of ooligat tons in '931
reflects a decrease of $133,OCO; the change in 1982 reflects an ticrease of
$722,300.
SF-2
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Sudget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1980 198' !981 '932
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 19S1
;doliars in thousar.cs)
A^procr^ jf; cn
Resa:r$ 3r,c Improvements..
Nsw r»c11;t ies
51 ,522 53,565 53,665 54,115
145 *50 150
*5450
-450
51 ,567 54.PS 54,115 S4.L1;
gugcet 3ecuest
The Agency requests a total of 54,115,000 for 1982, the same amount as 1981.
Procram Description
7h:s appropriation covers tne design and construction of new E'A facilities
as is -ecessary -epa'-s "".prpverients to 'eoerj! ly-cwned or leised 'ac'l'i'es
occupied by E3A. In previous years :h*s account provided only for projects at
federally owned Installations, formerly, projects at leased buildings were
'unded 'rom suooort services or program accounts.
NEW "ACUITIES
'950 Accomplishments
Oes'gn wort was completed for a "^ar^ne Environmental Assessment Laboratory
3ui1cing "oc3ted at the Environmental Research Laboratory in Gulf 9reeze, Florida.
A construction contract was awarder 'or this facility and construction is underway.
Also at Gul* Breeze, a contract was awarded for tne design of a shop and
warehouse facility.
1991 s*~oqram
-unds for construction of the shoo/warehouse facility at Gulf 3reeze originally
scheduled for award in June, 1981, will be reorograwned and used to correct health
and safety deficiencies in existing EPA laboratories. The funding for this activity
is 5450.200.
8.EaAIRS ANQ IMPROVEMENTS
19S0 Accomplishments
The bulk of the repair and improvement projects, undertaken to correct health
and safety conditions, effect pollution control, or namtain property nave been
completed or are jnderway.
5F-3
-------
19S1 °roQrssi
An estimated S4,H5,000 ($3,565,000 originally apDropriated plus $450,200
to be reprogrammed from New Facilities) will be spent for design and completion
of projects to correct health and safety deficiencies; Install pollution control
facilities in E?A 1aboratories; secure engineering management services; and
£cr etnergency repair projects. Health and safety projects consist primarily
of modifications to central ventilating systems and fumehoods, and construction
of hazardous material storage areas and oartial containment areas for handling
nazardcus cnemcals and field saxples.
1982 °lar
The funds requested in 1982 will be used to continue the arocess of correcting
health and safety deficiencies and installing pollution control 'adlities in Z?A
laboratories. Included will be projects to: upgrade fumehoods and ventilation;
provide safe storage for hazardous and toxic materials; modify emergency exits;
uograde electrical systems; modify or reolace fire detection systems; and provide
for incineration of chemicals. Pollution control excendltures Include sewage
oisposal arojects, nazaracus *aste incineration facilities ana the installation
of soecial hazardous waste treatment facilities at Duluth, Minnesota.
Al1 essential maintenance and program exoansion projects originally planned
for 1982 have been de^er*-ed sending correction of health and safety and pollution
central deficiencies.
!n line with -eforas introduced in 1981. the 1932 recuest ear-narks funds for
emergency repairs and for engineering management services essential to
the timely and effective obligation of Building and Facilities funds.
Chanoe from January Seoucst
The reduction of $2,531,000 represents a deferment of all maintenance
projects, such as repairs to roofs, sidewalks, floors and exterior building
maintenance.
BF-4
-------
Scientific Activities
Overseas
SECTION TAB
-------
SCIEHTIFIC ACTIVITIES OVERSEAS
*>CSaA>« hic-hl:skts
Budget Current Increase ~
Acuta! Estimate Estimate Estimate decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1962 1962 vs. 1981 3aoe
Tcollars in tnousands)
Scientific Activities
Overseas:
Apc-ooriation S28 SI,000
Outlays •••••••••••.«.••.••» 2,053 3,000 S2,700 SI,300 *S1«400
Autncnred Levels 3y Virtue :f Appropriation Act.
yizrr.TJ vo stratigt
Scientific ActiVties Overseas (SAO) are funded from excess foreign currencies
accruing to the United States from the sale of agricultural coomodltles under PL 480.
The use of these currencies enables EPA to engage 1n unique environmental research
programs wnlch establish and strengthen links between EPA and foreign agencies and
institutions that have mutual Interests in seeking solutions to environmental
problems. Ths SAO program supports the Agency's international goals, and is designed
to: (I) augment EPA's multimedia data base, (2) assist in the solution of environ-
mental Droblems by merging the expertise of U.S. and foregln Investigators, (3*,
extend new technology into a broader world community. (1) assist in meeting Ep*
International agreements, and '5) develop and/or detnonstrate new technologies including
sisalmg, modelling, and control strategies.
No new cbllgational authority 1s being "equested for this program in 1982.
However, S30E.C00 of prior year carryover funds >#111 be available in 1982. These
funcs will se used for technological programs 1n environmental research directly
related to problem areas of concern to EPA, such as studies to provide Increased
capability to evaluate the environmental impact of chemicals, the development of
waste water treatment technology, the gathering of primary data on the health
consequences of the use of toxic substances, and the demonstration of the best
availaole tecnnology for air pollution control. S25.0C0 of carryover «unds will
be used for SAO-related travel.
SLrMA?y OF :nC3EASES and DECREASES (1n thousands of dollars)
1931 Scientific Activities Progran
1982 Scientific Activities Program ...
SUWA3Y QF 3U0GE7 ESTIMATES
1. Simarv of Budget acquest
There Is no appropriation request for the Scientific Activities Overseas
activity.
2. Chanoes from 0r4q1nal 1981 Sudget Estimates
The decrease of $1 million was made by the Congress.
SAO-l
-------
ANALYSIS OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
Cur*"ent
Estimate Estimate
1981 1932
(1n tnousands of collars)
Prior year obligations S28 S2.500
Chance in arcunt of carryover funds
available *2.472 -1,595
Total estimated obligations 2,500 805
(...)
(305)
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
fFrom new obligation authority) (...) (•••)
(Froni prior year *jnas) (c.ECO)
The amount of carryover to be obligated in 1981 is 52.5 million, an increase
of 52,472,000 over the *1980 level. In 1982, the amount of carryover funds decreases
by 51 ,595,000.
SAO-2
-------
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OVERSEAS
(SpecUl Foreign Currency Prograa)
Budget Current Increase •*
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
I960 1981 1981 1982 13S? vs. 1981
do i iars 'n tnousandS;
¦serin .sveis
sfu "-ojects 6
Techno',ogy Transfer
Seminars 1
Aporoprlatlon
Pakistan
India 23
Total 23
Bucaet "?ecuest
$300
/ l.iU
i,000 No funos are recuestec
The Agency requests no funas for 1982. Carryover funds totalling 1305,000 wili
5e jsec.
'98C Accorolishments
SAO activities currently caver arojects In Egypt, India and Panstan, in the
areas of air pollution control, Industrial waste croolems, and water reclamation
ana reuse.
SAO cooperative project reoorts were published througn the EPA and in U.S.
scientific journals. Research results shown 1n the reoorts are useful to the EPA,
environmental decision-makers, regulatory officials, and the public use 3rd private
sectors.
1981 Procrara
The SAO program will relate directly to environmental problem areas specific to
EPA domestic priority programs. New activities will build on the solid base of ooera-
tlons that have been established as a result of direct Involvement In US/Foreign Science
and Technology Suoconnhsslons and Joint Board activities. Cooperative projects of nutual
Interest to EPA and participating countries, India and Pakistan, will be designed to
augment EPA's multi-media data base used by Office of Research and Oevelooment, program
and regional offices to establish domestic goals and standards; seek solutions to environ-
mental problems by merging the expertise of U.S. trained foreign Investigators with
scientists and engineers from EPA laboratories, universities and Industries; meet EPA
international solvations under the National Environmental Policy Act, and the Water
and A1r Pollution Control Act Amendments.
1981 Explanation of Chanoe from Sudcet Estimate
The reduction of SI million resulted froo congressional action.
SAO-3
-------
1 9S2 ?1an
The SrO program *111 be directed towara cooperative projects in India and PaMstan
These projects will Include studies to provide Increased capability for tne evaluation
of environmental impact of chemicals, and increased activity in tne development cf
waste management technology for saxlmum utilization of limited water resources. In
aadltion, an interchange program *111 be oevelooed to bring £?A and foreign scientists
together to exchange technology for the enhance.i>ent of control and abatement of pclljti
in both countries.
Chares fron January 3ecuest
There is no change from the January budget.
SAO-4
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U.S Regulatory
Council
SECTION TAB
-------
U.S. REGULATORY COUNCIL
39CSSAK HIGHLIGHTS
U. S. Regulatory Council
Appropriation
'ensanent Wcricyears...
Cul1-Tisie Equivalency.
Outlays
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1980 1981 1981 1982
(dollars in trtousanas)
S2,i49
9
33
1,869
S3,238
11
25
2,300
$2,SS0
11
25
2,110
$1,330
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
-52,560
-25
-1 ,080
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
This appropriation covers the salaries and expenses of the U.S. Regulatory
Council and its supporting staff. The Council is composed of the neads of those
agencies within tne Executive Branch which have regulatory responsibilities.
Its purpose is to maintain an overview of Federal regulatory activities; to
assist the President in managing them 1n a coordinated manner in order to limit
their adverse impacts on the Nation's economy; and to publish the semiannual
Calendar of Federal Regulations. The Regulatory Council is composed of 18
executive agencies and 18 1 noependent agencies. The raenfier agencies are:
Executive Agencies
Aeministrative Conference of
the United States
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Departnent of Energy
Department of Health and Human
Services
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Department of Transportation
Department of Treasury
Environmental Protection Agency
Equal Employment Opportunity
Coonission
General Services Administration
National Credit Union Administration
Small Business Administration
United States International Trade
Commission
Veterans Administration
Department of Housing and Urban
Development
Independent Reculatorv Agencies
Civil Aeronautics Soard
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Federal Conmunlcatlons Commission
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Elect ion Commission
Federal Energy Regulatory Camission
Federal Home Loan 8ank Board
Federal Maritime Commission
Federal Mine Safety and Health
Administration
Federal Reserve System
Federal Trade Conmlssion
Interstate Commerce Commission
National Labor Relations Board
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Occupational Health and Safety
Postal Rate Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission
RC-1
-------
The Council n»orts directly te the ^resident. So new obligational
authority • s -eouested 'or this function in 1SS2, A small staff is shifted
Into the '.rmediate Office of the Administrator in 1932 to continue the
development of the Calendar of Federal Regulations.
SLWASV OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
f4n thousands of dollars'
1581 Seoulstory Council Program,,,.. $2,550
1982 Regulatory Council 3r?grim
S'J*HARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES
1, Sunroiry of Budget Request
Ho new obligational authority 1s requested for the Regulatory Council
in FY82.
2. Chanaes from Original 1981 Budget Estimates
Changes from the budget are is follows:
Mn thousands of dollars'
Original 1981 estimate.... S3,333
Congressional reduction -838
October 1980 cay raise, proposed
sucplemental *60
Current 1981 estimate 2,560
ANALYSIS OF INCREASES AMD DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
Current
Estimate Estimate
1931 1982
(in thousands oT^oTTirs)
9r1or year obligations 52,449
Program increases *51
Effect of October 1980 pay raise *60
Total estimated obligations.. 2,560
(From new obUgatlonal authority).... (2,560)
(From prior year funds)
RC-2
-------
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBLIGATIONS
No new obligational authority Is requested for the Regulator Council In
I9e2.
3udqet Reouest
•to new ob11gat1onal authority 1s requested for the Regulatory Council 1n
1962.
Program Description
The 'J.S. Regulatory Council was established to oroviae the President *Uh a
comolete 3ict-re of the regulation development effort cf the various agen^es jnder
his direct control, and to help him provide for better management of the Federal
regulatory process. The Council, consisting of a small staff of orofesslonals trained
1n law, economics, and sciences supported by research assistants and clerical personnel,
wor* 1n the following areas:
Calendar Developnent - This Involves refining and maintaining a
consoi-.cated calencar, publishes seal annually, of all ¦najor *egu1atory
actions proposed by the member agencies. This calendar helps nake it
possible to identify the interrelationships among existing and proposed
regulations. The Council also publishes supplementary information on
special topics such as regulatory initiatives.
Liaison - A substantial amount of effort is soent maintaining liaison
witn neflter agencies, interest groups, and the public over the effects
of various regulations and the ways in which the Administration is
attemotlng to cooe with regulatory problems and reforn.
Special Projects - The staff also undertakes a number of special
projects aimeo at resolving specific regulatory problems. These
include:
Unique short term problems which Involve the regulatory
activities of menfcer agencies;
Sector studies which focus on the effect of specific
regulations on certain industries, such as the coal,
automobile and norrferrous metal industries; and
Improved techniques for regulatory analysis including cost
benefit studies and assessments of innovative regulatory
techniques.
RC-3
-------
'980 Accomol1shnents
3ublication of three Issues of the Calendar of Federal
Regulations.
An interagency policy on chemical carcinogens.
Regulatory Reform Hlghlignts ~ a compilation of major regulatory
reform achievements.
A report on regulation 1n a small city.
A Presidential directive on minimizing regulatory burcen in
small businesses.
Special projects wh'cfi Identify overlapping and conflicting
regulations and develop alternative ^eans of reducing the
regulatory burdens.
1981 Progran
The U.S. Regulatory Council, composed of the heads of the Executive Branch,
regulatory agencies and certain Independent regulatory agencies, reviews the
cunulative impact of regulations and publishes the semiannual Calendar of Federal
Regulations, wrncti Identifies and coordinates resolution of Inter-Agency
regulatory issues; holds, formal Regulatory Council meetings which estaolish
coram ttees to focus on specific regulatory problems; conducts special projects
<*r,ich identify overlapping and conflicting regulations and develoos alternative
means of reducing the regulatory burdens; and, undertaKes projects on cross-
cutting issues, such as determining the costs and benefits of regulation or
regulatory alternatives.
1981 Explanation of Change ***om Budget Estimates
The decrease of 5778,000 results from two actions. First, the Congress
reduced the reauest by 5838,000. Second, a prooosed supplemental to cover
the October 1980 pay raise, provides an Increase of 560,000.
^982 Plan
No new obllgatlonal authority is requested 1n 1982.
C3?C?ACTS
Office of Regulatory Council
1981 1982 Chanoe
226 ... -226
Purpose
Monitor contracts and
projects on the ef'ect
of regulations 1n the
following areas:
Health and Safety Hunan
Resources, Nat'jral
Resources, Trade and
Conmerce. Transportation
Communications
Banking and Finance.
RC-4
-------
Change from January Request
The U.S. Regulatory Council reauest reflects a reduction of 11 permanent
positions and S2,£80,000. The Council Is eliminated 1n this "eq'jest.
RC-5
-------
Construction
Grants
SECTION TAB
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Actual
1980
Estimate
1981
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current Increase ~
Estimate Decrease -
1982 1982 vs. 1931
(dollars inthousands)
Appropriation
2.800.000 3,700,000 2,304.837
-2.304,837
Obii gations
(Gross)*
Appropriation
Contract Authority..
4,673,011 4,500,000 3,800,000 1.400.000 -2,400,000
(4.566.594) (4,500.000) (3,523,197) 1,400,000 (-2,123.1971
(106,417) (...) (276,803) (...) (-276,803)
Outlays
4,343,010 3,950,000 4,180,000 3,840,000 -340,000
(1,923,765) (1,750,000) (2,265,000) (2,640,000) (-375,0001
(2.419,245) (2.200,000) 0,915,0001 (1,200,000) (-715,000^
Appropriation
Contract Authority..
Liquadition of Contrac
Authority
1,500,000 1,700,000 1,700,000 1,000,000 -7CO.OOO
Authorization Levels...
5,950.000 5.950,000 5,950,000 5,950,000
•Net obligations in 1980, 1981, and 1982 are S300 million less each year.
Budget Request
At this time no appropriation is requested in 1982 for the municipal construction
grants program established under Title II of the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended. An
appropriation of $1.0 billion is being requested for 1982 for the liquidation of contract
authority pursuant to authority contained in Section 203 of the CWA, to cover the demand
for payments on previously awarded grants.
The President is proposing reduced appropriations and a more cost-effective targeting
of the municipal waste treatment grant program administered by the Environmental Protection
Agency. This action will reduce near term expenditures for capital investments, consistent
with the need to reduce Federal expenditures. Through major reforms to the program, it
wi1! also relieve the burden on the Federal Government for financing projects that improve
the environment only marginally or not at all. These refoms will greatly reduce the
current Federal responsibility from the estimated 590 billion required under current law;
and would do so without sacrificing our objective of cleaner water.
The change in the program will be achieved by the following three actions: (1)
rescissions of SI billion in FY 1981 funds, of approximately $586 million in FY 1980
funds, and $114 million in Talmadge-Nunn funds; (2) legislative amendments to provide
Federal funding for only those projects that are selected and designed to improve
significantly the quality of the receiving waters in the near term; and (3) the withdrawal
of the request to appropriate 1982 funds until the reforms have been enacted. To the
extent that needed reforms are enacted expeditiously, the Administration will be prepared
to request S2.4 billion for FY 1982. 3y the end of FY 1981 there will be 515 billion
already appropriated from the Treasury but not yet spent, which will be used to cont'nue
construction on committed facilities. New starts that would have been 'unded with the
1981 funds proposed for rescission and with the 1982 appropriation will be postponed
until reform legislation is enacted.
CG-1
-------
Specific legislation wi'' be forwarded tc Congress by the Environmental Protection
-oencv 1 f the near future. 'his legislation w11 concentrate the p^cc-am on treatment
projects that direct1)1 enhance the qual'tv o* receiving waters, 'rejects, or features of
"rejects, that do not result in di**»ct environment improvement, or which *ocus on future
community growth will have to be built, if at all, without Federal assistance.
itb a zero appropriation request in 1982. E°A will have approximately $1.1 billion
in carryover funds to continue making some grant awards during the year. Gross obligations
fc 19S2 are expected to total SI .A billion, a reduction of $2.4 billion from 1981. The
reason that g'oss obligations are $300 million higher than the carryover is that we expect
approximately S300 million in deobl igations. Outlays will decrease by $340 million ir.
1922, to a total of $3.34 billion.
"he carryover at the end of 1980 was $2.95 billion. In 1981 the rescission of SI.1
billion (1.0 billion from the FY 1981 appropriation, $586 million from the FY 1980
appropriation, and $114 million of Talmadge/Nunn funds) will result in net obligations of
$3.5 billion and a reduced end of year carryover o* $1.1 billion, a reduction of $1.85
billion. A zero appropriation in FY 1982 will result 1n the obligation of all remaining
ca'-'-yover turtas leaving nc carryover balance at the end of the vear.
Srogi-j-n Description
This program provides grants to municipal, intenunicioa1 , State, and interstate
agences to assist in financing the planning, design, and construction of municipal waste
water treatment facilities. !n addition, unAc the State management assistance ^ant
program ^Section 205 (g ^ of the Clean Water Actl, a maximum o' two percent of trie 'uncs
authorized for each State or $400,000, wiichevc" is higher, may be used to fund State
management 'unctions delegated through specifically negotiated agreements. Amounts made
ava;'ap'e 'or obligation are allotted to each State on the basis o' 'cnvjlas set forth ir
the Clear Water Act as amended. Within these allotments, grants a'e awarded or a priority
basis for ¦'rdividual projects. Generally, each project is eligible for percent
Fede-al assistance, although grants may provide up to 85 percent 'or projects using
innovative or alternative technology in treatment facility design, "he Clean Water Act
of '97? amended selected portions of the Act, including provisions for a five-year
extension of tne 'unding authorization and a mandate to delegate major portions of the
program to thn States, but did not substantiallv alter the basic objectives or intent of
the original 1972 Amendments '°.l. 92-500).
'Jnder the current legislation, a 3-step approach to finding projects is resumed.
The first step is development of the facilities plan, which includes a preliminary descrip-
tion of the project, a cost-effectiveness analysis of alternatives, an environment assess-
ment, an infiltration/inflow evaluation, and an identification of effluent discharge
limitations. The second step is the development of design plans and specifications.
The third and f1nal step fs to fund the actual construction o' the feat-rent works.
Grants are made for each of these steps, with funding of subsequent steps contingent on
the successful completion of prior steps and the availability of 'unds. Under the 1930
amendments to the Clean Water Act, upon completion of an approved facility plan, communi-
ties of 25,000 or less are eligible for a combined design and construction grant m
those cases where total estimated cost of treatment works does not exceed $4 m-ni-on (or
S5 nil!-on in stipulated "Mgh cost" States). Payments against obligations are made tr,
the grantee as al1 or portions of each of these steps are completed, MSual'v in the 'orr.
of progress payments on a monthly basis.
-------
~he State management assistance grant program authorizes. at the Administrator's
discretion, two percent or $400.000. whichever is greater, of each delegated State's
authorization to cover the cost of delegation of the construction grants program and (to
the extent that funds suffice) the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (N°DES)
permit, dredge ant; fill, and Section 208 management programs to the States. 'Jntil 1981
the 2 percent was based on the appropriation rather than the authorization.
Beginning in 1982 additional activities, currently funded under Section 106 State
program grants, can be funded under 205(g) for States with 205(g) delegation agreements.
"The goal of this program is to allow the States, rather than EPA, to assume responsibility
for day-to-day management of construction grants and related activities. The timing and
extent of delegation and financial support to each State depends on the State's ability
to operate a program that meets the necessary competency requirements and policy directior
¦mandated by the law and EPA objectives. A grant is given to a State when it can snow
that it is able to assume delegaed responsibility for a substantial portion of construction
grants program activities.
Pending the enactment of needed reforms, the program strategy will continue to
recognize thai there are limited funds available tc meet these pollution control needs
and that available funds lust go toward assisting municipalities in meeting the most
critical needs in the shortest possible tine. Accordingly, the major objectives guiding
the program over the near term will continue to be the following:
- Available funds must go toward meeting the environmental requirements of the
Clean Water Act in an efficient, effective, and timely manner, using stringent
cost-effectiveness criteria on a project-by-project basis to ensure the most
appropriate use of funds.
- A portion of funds are to be oriented toward innovative and alternative technology
leading to more environmentally compatible solutions to waste control, including
water and energy conservation, reuse, and reclamation.
- Funds specifically available for State delegation under Section 205 g) of the Act
are to be used to maximize State assumption of program activities in the shortest
possible time, under specific EPA policy direction and environmental objectives.
E°A has established a detailed review process related to funding of advanced waste
treatment projects. This review ensures that such funding is strictly limited to those
situations where the higher level of treatment is both necessary to meet water quality
standards and be effective 'n meeting higher standards. In accordance with the Conference
Seport of the 1931 appropriation for construction grants, the EpA Administrator will
continue to review all waste treatment projects involving treatment levels more stringent
than secondary where the incremental cost of the advanced component is greater than S3
million. The review of these projects will not be delegated to the regions but will be
performed by EPA staff in headauarters; the regional offices will be responsible for
review of similar projects with an incremental cost of S3 million or less.
1930 Accomplishments
During 1930, awards in the construction grants program totalled $4,673 billion,
including 752 Step 1. 603 Step 2, 303 Steps 2»3, and 729 Step 3 awards. This level o'
activity resulted in 11 .05^ active projects in various states of planning, design and
construction by the end of 1980. The level of federal outlays, at S4.3 billion, was the
nighest annual total in the history of the progran, with 845 Step 3 projects completed
Jur-ng the year.
CG-3
-------
'Jnde'" the Section 2Q5(c) State delegation program, a total of 8 delegation agreements
were negotiated and signed, bringing the total number of States with delegation agreements
as of the end of 1980 to 38. A total of S61 million was obligated m 198C as these States
began to assurie the primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the prcorarr..
1981 Program
Concurrent with the submission of this budget, the Administration has implemented a
recission of approximately SI.7 billion in construction grants appropriations (S1.0
b' 1 1 'or from the -t 1991 impropriation, $586 million fr om the FY 1980 appropriation . a*1!
aooroximately SI 14 of Talmadge/Nunn funds) wtuch will reduce the planned level of
obligations 'or the year by about '0 percent. This results 1n a projected gross obligation
level of S3.3 billion during 1981. This will fund 2.5?0 new awards for the planning,
design and construction of treatment facilities. About 11,390 projects will be in various
stages of preconstruction or construction activity py the end of the year. Outlay levels
w* 11 be $4.2 billion.
Beginning in 1981, Congress tied the 2 percent reserve for 205(g) State delegation
.iianage-*nt assistance tc the State's author-zed level rather thar appreciated leve' ;s
m the oast. E°A estimates that a total of 43 States will receive State management
assistance grants, totalling $30 million.
1981 Explanation of Changes f-om 3udget Estimate
The Congress reduced the budget reauest by $300 million. In addition, the H:JD-
'.ndepenaent Agenc-es Appropriation Act, 1981 (s.l. 96-526), directed a two percent
reduction to budget authority, this resulted ir, an additional decrease of S95,163,000.
The Administration is implementing an additional rescission of $1.0 billion.
19S2 Jlan
At this time the appropriation request for construction grants funding is zero for
FY 1982. T.f needed legislative reforms are enacted exoeditiously the Administration -s
prepared to request an appropriation of $2.4 pillion. Without this appropriation E»A
will have arproxiTiate'v Sl.l b'llion in carryover funds to confnue awarding grants du-no
tne year. At this funding level E°A expects to award approximate!y 730 grants totalling
$1.4 billion. Approximately 8,120 projects will Be in the preconstruction or construction
stage by year end.
Without an appropriation, "o additional funds would be available for State Management
Assistance Grants. With funds can-ied over from the previous year and with any additions
'unding in CY 32. the Agency will require that, in addition to direct construction grants
management activities, additional activities can also be funded under the 205(g) grants
for those States which have siqned Section 205(g) delegation agreements. These activities,
currently 'unded under Section 106 State Program Grants. include pretreatnent, operation
and -vanacement training. Section 402/404 delegation, municipal comoliance monitoring and
point/nonooint source planning in support of construction grant decisions.
CG-h
-------
The following table summarizes the 1982 program and corooares activity levels to
previous two years:
1980 1981 1982
Item Actual Estimated Estimated
Total Gross Obligations $4,673 Billion S3.8 81111 on $1.4 Billion
New Awards
Step 1 752 590 120
Steo 2 608 900 250
Steo 3 729 710 230
Stec 2 S 3 303 370 100
Active Projects
(All Steos) 11,054 11,390 8,120
Construction Comoletions
{Steps 3 i 4) 345 1 ,487 1 .623
Total Outlays $4,343 Billion $4.2 Billion $3.8 9•> 111 on
State Management Assistance
Grants
Numbers 3S 43 46
Amount $61 Million $80 Million 0*
• Does not reflect obligations made from unobligated prior year funds.
Chanoe from January Request
This request represents a decrease from the January request of $3.7 billion to
the Construction urant program. The total 1982 oblioat'ois will aecrease from the
January request estimate by $3.85 billion; new 1982 awards will oe »05 less than the
January estimate; and active projects will be 2,743 less. The 1932 outlays will be
$440 million less than the earlier estimate.
CG-5
-------
Superfund
SECTION TAB
-------
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE,
CONDENSATION. AND LIABILITY FUND
Budget
Current
Increase ~
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Decrease -
I960
1981
1981
1982
1982 vs 19S'
(dollars
thousands)
Aapropri at ion
«a*ardous Substance
Response Actions
• ~ «
$56,600
$154,200
*$97,500
Assessing and Replacing
Natural Resources
• • •
3.500
3,500
Operations Support
, , ,
7,900
42,300
~34,400
Total
...
S25C.OCC
6c,COG
2CC.30C
*•22,CCC
Permanent °ositions
^arardous Substance
sesoonse Actions
. . •
,,.
...
329
- 216
Assessing and Replacing
Natural Resources
• • •
...
• • •
1
•.«
Operations Support
• . •
,,,
. ~.
173
- U5
Total
...
...
...
5C3
* 35;
Full-time Equivalency
Hazardous Substance
Response
• . .
...
• •.
410
~ 279
Assessing and Replacing
Natural Resources
• • ~
4 • .
...
1
...
Operations Support
• • •
• • •
. • •
173
~ *45
Total ... ... 584 * -124
Overview and Strategy
The following provides a brief overview to put our request in perspective.
It presents the general dimensions of the problem that Superfunc was designed
to address, a general description of the functions mandated by the legislation,
and our current strategy for responding. We have had to mane difficult choices
among alternative investments. We believe, however, that by tailing maximum
advantage of both State ana Federal capabilities this request represents the
most effective use of the resources available to address this pressing national
concern.
Nature of the Problem
For decades, many thousands of tons of chemical-bearing wastes nave been
disposed of using environmentally unsound methods. Given a relative Surplus of
land, an economic system which failed to incorporate environmental damages into
product costs, and general ignorance of the consequences, past disposal practices
have created tens of thousands of sites which threaten public health and the
environment. A study done under contract for EPA estimated a range of 30,000 to
50,000 sites, of which 1,200 to 2,000 may present potentially significant problems.
SF-1
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Examples are numerous: the contamination by chemicals of 54 public wells
serving 100,000 Long Island residents; the discovery of up to 20,000 to 30,000
barrels of discarded, leaking, and unlabeled wastes in the "Valley of the Drums"
in Kentucky; the susoected leaching of arsenic into the water supply of 300,000
people in Charles City, Iowa; ana scores of other cases indicate the maoni-
tude of our national inheritance from uncontrolled and illegal dumping of waste
material.
The Superfund legislation also addresses spills of hazardous substances.
"ne iex legislation Qoes beyond the current authority in the Clean Water Act
(section 311; and enables us to address not only spills into navigable waters
Dut all discharges including those onto land. A preliminary estimate indicates
tnat there may be about 3,500 chemical spill incidents in 1991 which have the
potential of releasing significant quantities of hazardous substances either
onto land or into water. With Superfund's expanded reporting requirements for
hazardous substance spills, the number of reported incidents demanding a response
could be Increased several-fold over past experience.
The nature and extent of the proplem of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
and spills present a serious national problem. Within the constraints of the
budget submitted to Congress, we have tried to design a prooram that would ma
-------
Strategy for Superfund Implementation
Because implementation efforts are in a formative stage, many aspect of our
plans are still evolving. The program we are developing will ta
-------
enforcement Strategy
A *ey element of the Agency's strategy 1s to invest approximately 35 percent of
our resources in enforcement actions. From our experience to date, we have been able
to identify financially solvent owners or operators for many of the hazardous waste
sites investigated. Where a responsible party can be identified, our policy will be
to bring enforcement actions to force the responsible party to undertake required
removal or remedial actions 1n the first instance. This strategy 1s designed to preserve
tne Fund for use at "orphan" sites, sites with Insolvent owner/operators and "mystery"
spills where responsible oarties cannot be identified. In instances where Fund monies
have beer: expended, enforcement actions will be brought to recover these monies where
recovery is possible. Since the total number of sites requiring remedial action will
clearly out strip tne Fund's direct cleanup resources. This enforcement strategy is
crucial to address the entire scope of the national problem.
BUDGET REQUEST
The Agency requests a 1981 supplemental appropriation of 568,000,000 and a 1982
appropr:ation of 5200,000,000 for implementation of the Comprehensive Environmental
Resoonse, Compensation and Liaoillty Act of 1980. In 1981, the Agency is requesting
salaries and expenses for an estimated 142 permanent worlcyears that will be made available
to the proqram through transfer only upon enactment of the supplemental budget. The
figures indicating workyear increase between 1981 and 1982 in the media summary chart
assure the transfer of these workyears in 1981. In addition, the Agency will take
steps to insure that the number of permanent positions available at the end of Fy
1981 does not exceed the number of permanent positions requested for FY 1982.
The resources requested in the supplemental budget are in addition to the Agency's
base levels of 233 permanent workyears and $39,000,000. In 1982 all of these resources
will be transfered to the Hazardous Response Trust Fund.
Hazardous Substance Response
The Agency is requesting a total of 113 permanent workyears and $56,636,000 dollars
in 1981 and 329 permanent workyears and $154,200,000 dollars in 1982 for this activity.
This represents an increase of 216 permanent workyears and $97,564,000.
Proqram Oescription - 1981
The Office of Water and Waste Management (0WWM) supplemental request for removal
activities is 12 permanent workyears and $12 .nil lion. The Federal Government will be
ab'e to pay for an additional 50 spill removals and 20 emergency response actions at
sites. This will result in 113 spill cleanups in FY 81 (100t of estimated total
need) and 50 site emergency responses (84% of estimated total need). The request
includes workyears for upgrading State removal capabilities and developing cooperative
working agreements with several States that will lead to their assuming up to 205 of
the removal workload In FY 81.
The OWWf supplemental request for remedial activities is for 51 permanent workyears
and $33.4 million. The resources requested will support Federal coordination of the
following activities to be carried out by States or private contractors: development
of a notification system and receipt of 15,000 notices of hazardous waste sites; 5,COO
preliminary assessments; 300 site inspections; 10 full field investigations; 10 feasibility
studies; and 5 remedial actions.
SF-4
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Resources at the level requested will allow the Agency to make a modest beginning
at iTOlenenting a comprehensive strategy for remedying serious uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites. This will create a backlog of sites requiring action in subsequent years.
However, a total of 40 full field investigations, 20 feasibility studies and 5 remedial
actions will be initiated in FY 81.
The request includes positions to work with States to help then develop capabilities
and assume responsibility for up to 201 of remedial activities in FY 81. The request
also contains workyears for technical support to enforcement cost recovery actions.
The QWWM supplemental request for claims actions is 3 permanent workyears. This
staff will permit the Federal Government to receive, process, and evaluate 50 to 100
claims for costs Incurred by States or private parties for removal and remedial actions.
The EPA on-scene coordinator must first approve all requests by eligible parties to
unaertake removal or remedial actions for which claims nay later be submitted. Eligible
claims will be paid for from the $45.4 million available for removal and remedial
acti vities.
"The Office of Enforcement will devote 12 oermanent workyears and 51 ,221,000 of
the suoolemental increase reauested to enforcement actions.
Cost recovery actions to recover Fund monies from identified "responsible parties,"
will be tanen where the Fund has been used for removal activities at hazardous waste
sites or spills. In those cases where the responsible party has refused to cooperate
with governmental cleanup efforts, Enforcement may also seek treble punitive danages.
These recovery actions are critical to the integrity and effectiveness of the
Fund. A favorable cost recovery ratio will "multiply" limited Fund resources and
"recycle" resources tc permit the Fund to respond to a larger number of sites. Additiona1
recovery actions increase the percentage of cleanup costs borne by directly culpable
parties -- and in the long run -- lessen the appropriations and industry tax burdens
o*' the Fund.
In 19S1, removal cost recovery actions will require the drafting and issuance of
1 additional demand letter or order to parties responsible for hazardous spi11s and
for negotiation and settlement or filtng and prosecution of 1 additional case in Federal
District Court to recover the Federal monies.
Cost recovery actions will require tne drafting and issuance of 5 additional
demand letters to parties responsible for release of hazardous substances from hazardous
waste sites and the negotiation and settlement or the filing and prosecution of 5
additional cases in Federal District Court to recover the Federal monies.
In 1981, the Office of Enforcement will devote 2 workyears in legal assistance to
States for removal activities.
The Office of Enforcement will devote 24 oermanent workyears and 33,815,000 of
the supplemental increase requested to enforcement actions associated with remedial
actions.
In 1981, privately financed remedial activity vri 11 require the drafting and issuance
of 7 additional demand letters. Five (5) additional consent decrees will be negotiated
ana agreed to. Five (5) administrative orders will be issued in 1981 to the remaining
resconsiole parties. Assuming noncompliance with the administrative order by 2/3 of
these, litigation in Federal District Court will be Initiated against 3 responsible
parties.
In addition to the above described new enforcement activity seeking privately
financed remedial work by responsible parties, the Office of Enforcement has 56 site
cleanjo cases already filed against responsible parties at sites where hazardous waste
activities are presenting an imminent and substantial endangernent to public health
and the environment. Of these 56 cases filed, 10 consent decrees have been negotiated
and 7 preliminary judicial orders have been issued. Approximately S51.5 million in
privately 'inanced site cleanup has been completed, initiated or legally committed as
of February 1981.
SF-5
-------
The Office of Enforcement will fully suoport the 3 additional cases of this
on-going case load that are predicted to be completed In 1981. Based on current
experience, total 1981 cases will generate $96 million in privately financed
cleanup.
In 1981, the Office of Enforcement will devote 4 workyears to legal
assistance to States for remedial activities.
The Office of Research and Development will devote 6 permanent workyears
anc SI.74 million to removal activities in FY 1981. Research and Development
activities during Fiscal Year 1981 will first be directed to a major cooperative
effort with the Office of Hazardous Emergency Response (OHER) in revising sections
of the National Contingency Plan (NCP) covering methods for evaluating facility
relative costs and for remedying any releases or threats of releases from facili-
ties wnich pose substantial danger to the public health or the environment;
methods and criteria for determining the appropriate extent of removal, remedy
and other measures; and 8(a) criteria for determining priorities among releases
or threatened releases. Specific areas of directed effort including defining
tnimmjn reportable quantities, preparing manuals for identification, procurement,
maintenance and storage of response equipment, evaluating alternative emergency
measures for operating equipment for field response and site restoration; and
for relating the movement, persistence, transformation and effects of hazardous
substances in the soil environment, plant tissue and ground water. A report on
technology applicability for preventing releases and an evaluative assessment of
treatment applicability will also be prepared.
The Agency Mandatory Quality Assurance program will be extended into the
emergency response area, and field methods and protocols for the analytical program
will be prepared. GS/MS methods for organic chemicals in air samples will be
developed and analyses of complex mixture samples will be carried out for Regional
support in implementing the NCP. Analytical analyses will be conducted of
selected surface, groundwater and biological samples as necessary to improve
analytical methods and to provide technical input to the solution of complex
regional and program office problems.
Emergency response equipment will be field tested in cooperation with the
Emergency Response Team, resulting in a report on equipment applicability, cost
and performance. A definitive report evaluating emergency response technology
will be prepared based on field test data obtained at carefully selected sites.
The Office of Research and Development will devote 5 permanent workyears
ana S4.46 million to remedial activities in Fiscal 1981. Remedial activities
w'll be directed to a major extent to direct input to the revision of the National
Contingency Plan (NCP) as mentioned above.
1982 Plan
The Agency requests a total of 329 permanent workyears and $154,200,000
for this activity, an increase of 216 permanent workyears and $97,564,000 over
the 1981 supplemental request.
The 0WWM request for removal activities is 39 permanent workyears and S38 million.
This will permit 905 of the major spills and 551 of the expected site emergencies to
be dealt with. The Federal Government will process in excess of 4,000 spills notifi-
cations and will supervise and pay for emergency actions at 205 major spills and 50
sites. The actual cleanup work will be done through cooperative agreements with States
or contracts with private firms. The request will allow for a limited program to
monitor private party response to emergencies
SF=6
-------
The OWk'N request for remedial activities is 125 permanent workyears and $88,680,000,
This will permit the Federal Government to process approximately 2,000 notifications
of Hazardous waste sites. In addition, the resources will support a proarax, to be
conducted through States and private contracts that includes the following activities:
10,000 preliminary assessments; 900 site inspections; 55 full field investigations,
40 feasibility studies; and S remedial actions. Approximately 3CX of those sites
ready for and needing inspection will have inspections and 655 of those sites which
are waiting will have full field investigations. Remedial actions will oe started at
approximately one third of the sites that are ready. EPft will continue ir, 1932 to
work, to get States to assume responsibilities for the remedial workload. It is anticipated
f-at states 11 pick up as nuch as 305 o' the effort, Technica1 support to enforce-
ment efforts is also provided.
The 0WWN request for claims actions is 3 permanent work years. This staff will
oernit the Federal Government to receive, process, and evaluate 50 to 100 claims for
costs incurred by States or private parties for removal and remedial actions. The EPA
on-scene coordinator must first approve all requests by eligible parties to undertake
removal and remedial actions for which claims may later be submitted. Eligible claims
will be paid for from the $126.7 million available for removal and remedial action.
The Office of Enforcement will devote 3e permanent work years anc S3.350.00C
to reioval activities in 1982.
Where the Fund has been used to pay for tne costs of removal at hazardous waste
sites or hazardous substance spills, the Office of Enforcement will take legal action,
critical to the integrity and effectiveness of the Fund, to recover Fund expenditures
fro,-, identifiable "responsible parties," In those cases whe'-e the responsible party
has refused to cooperate with governmental cleanup efforts. Enforcement may also seek
treble punitive damages.
in 1982, this will require the drafting and issuance of 10 demand letters/orders
to parties responsible for hazardous soil Is and fo<* the negotiation and settlement, or
:he filinc and prosecution of 3 cases in Federal District Court to recover Federal
monies. It will also reaulre the drafting and issuance of 11 denand letters to parties
responsible for the release of hazardous substances from hazardous waste sites and for
the negotiation and settlement, or the filing and prosecution of 12 cases in Federal
District Court to recover Federal ironies.
Where financially viable responsible parties can be identified at sites where
removal activity is required, the Office of Enforcement will undertake enforcement
activity to rgguire the responsible parties to bear the financial burden of the removal
activity. In 1982, this will require the drafting and issuance of 5 denand letters.
Assuming that 1/2 or 3 of these demands result in a favorable response from the responsible
parties, 3 consent decrees will be negotiated and agreed to. Three (3) administrative
orders will be issued in 1982 to the remaining responsible parties. Assuming noncompliance
with tne administrative orders by 2/3 of these, litigation in Federal District Court
will be initiated against 2 responsible parties 1n 1982.
In 1982, the Office of Enforcement will devote 12 workyear to legal assistance
to States for removal actions.
In 19S2, the Office of Enforcement 1s requesting 71 permanent workyears and
SS,710,000 for remedial activities.
SF-7
-------
in 1932, cost recovery actions for remedial activities will require the drafting
and issuance of 3 demand letters to parties responsible for the release of hazardous
substances from sites where the Fund has been utilized and the negotiation and settle-
ment, or filing and prosecution, of 3 actions 1n Federal District Court to recover
Federal expenditures.
Privately financed activity in 1982 will require the drafting and Issuance of 25
demand letters. Assuming that 1/2 of those demands result in a favorable response
f-OQ the responsible parties, 12 consent decrees will be negotiated and agreed to.
"hirteei [13) administrateve orders will be issued in 1982 to the remaining responsible
parties. Assuming noncompliance with the administrative order by 2/3 of these, litigation
in Feaeral District Court will be inititated against 8 responsible parties in 1982.
In addition to the above described new enforcement activity seeking privately
financed remedial work by responsible parties, the Office of Enforcement has 56 cases
already filed against responsible parties at sites where hazardous waste activities
are presenting an imminent and substantial endangerment to public health and the
environment. Of the 56 cases filed to date, 10 consent decrees have been negotiated
and 7 preliminary judicial orders have been issued. Approximately $51.1 million in
privately financed site cleanup nas been completed, initiated or legally committed.
The Office of Enforcement will devote K work years in 1982 to support the successful
prosecution of these on-going cases. This level will allow the Office of Enforcement
to fully support the 10 cases of this on-going case load that are predicted to be completed
in 1982. The requested level of funding will also allow the Office of Enforcement to
undertake tne additional cost recovery activities and new enforcement seexmg privately
financed removal and remedial activities described above.
The Office of Research and Development will devote 17 workyears and S6,560,000 to
removal activities in FY 1982. Efforts to revise the National Contingency °1an (NCP)
and tne technical documentation background documents will continue. This second year
e'fort will be directed more to the upgrading and refinenent of the 'iCP, which was
revised and reissued on a short time schedule in FY '81. More work will qo into the
manuals relating to response equipment, and evaluation of emergency response measures.
This includes clothing, equipment and personnel safety, technology applicable for
¦¦elease prevention, response eouipment operation, and site restoration. Data gathered
in the field in FY 81 and early FY 82 will be utilized for this purpose.
'he mandatory auality assurance program will continue, as will the development of
analytical program field methods and protocols. Development of organic analysis methods
for air samples will continue and analysis of complex mixtures will be provided to
support regional operations in implementing the NCP.
Expertise 1n the area of movement, persistance, transformation and effects of
hazardous substances in the soil environment, plant tissue and groundwater will alsa
be directed to revising the NCP. In FY '82, field data collected from field investigations
will oe factored Into this updating effort.
SF-8
-------
i-ia'ysis 'or selected surface water, qroundwater ana biological samples
wi''. ds carried out to provide information needed by the regional offices and
OH£S in solving complex hazardous problems.
!" addition to outputs in rv '981, the Office of Researcn and Development
xiIi perform field evaluations of remedial tecnnolojy applications to provide
added data for NCP iraplenentations. Field testing and evaluation of personnel
safety ?cjioment and clothing will be continued.
Further testing and evaluation of emergency response equipment will be
conducted in cooperation with the Emergency Response Team, with a report or
results affecting cost, applicaDi11ty and performance.
Tne Office of Research and Development will devote 22 permanent workyears
and S3,000,000 to remedial activities in Fiscal 1982. Remedial activities will as in
fv 31, be largely devoted to the revision and updating of the National Contingency
flan (NCP). the evaluation and protocols for remedial action will be used at
selected sites, evaluated and the results fed back to the NCP improvement. The
fie'd sailing methods and protocols 'or use on hazardous waste sites will continue
if the development and test node, as wi'1 the work on sampling metnods for remote
sensing. Additional proposals and plans for re.iejial action will be reviewed
cooperatively with OHER and the information obtained from the cooperative effort
with the Department of the Army will continue to feed into NC" updating. Additional
worn wi'l 5e directed to the production of and testing of the manual for evaluating
remedial technology cost effectiveness.
Technical expertise will be brougnt to bear on NCP sections dealing with
hazard assessment. Toxicity and exposure criteria for defining hazard levels
relating to mini nun reportable Quantities will be further imoroved. »1eld investi-
gations at specific sites will be car-
-------
The Office of Planning and Management requests 1 workyear and $20,000 to
establish a Board of Arbitrators, as mandated in the Superfund legislation.
1982 Plan
The Office of Water and waste Management requests a total of $3,500,000 and
no workyears in 1982, As in 1981, these resources will be used to review damage
assessments submitted by state and Federal agencies in order to determine eligibility
for reimbursement.
The Office of Planning and Management requests 1.0 workyear and $40,000 to
establish a Board of Arbitrators as mandated in the Superfund legislation.
III. Operations Support
The Agency requests a total of 28 permanent workyears and $ 7,864,000 in
1981 and 173 permanent workyears and $ 42,300,000 in 1982, an Increase of
145 permanent worfcyea>*s and 34,436,000 over 1981.
1981 Program Description
The OWWM supplemental request 1s for 2 permanent workyears and 51 million.
The resources requested will permit the development and implementation of safety
and other training programs.
In 1981 the Office of Enforcement Is requesting an additional 2 permanent
workyears and $164,000 to participate in the development and issuance of Superfund
policy guidance as required by law. This will include enforcement participation
in Congressionally mandated Studies and revision of the National Contingency Dlan.
Supplemental resources requested will also be used to help support the
provision o* specialized 1n-house evidence development expertise In support of
Nationally Managed Cases and selected Regionally Managed Cases, special laboratory
analysis capability for extremely dangerous samples, arid evidence audit contracts
to assure proper chain of custody and qulaity assurance procedures resulting in
legally admissible evidence. This work is performed through the National Enforcement
Investigation Center in Denver, Colorado.
In 1981, the Office of Planning and Management requests a supplemental
appropriation of $3,548,000 and 14 permanent workyears for Program Management
activities and $3,132,300 and 10 permanent workyears for Other Management
activities. These management activities will provide direct support to authorized
response activities and will play a key role in the implementation of the Suoerfund
program.
- $560,000 and 8 permanent workyears will be used to ensure that fund
monies are properly managed and to orovide central budget and financial control,
and analytic support for the Superfund program.
- $433,000 and 5 permanent workyears will be devoted to establishing the
contract mechanisms necessary to carry out the response and remedial activities
authorized under the Fund, and will be used to award and administer the contracts,
- $545,000 and 5 permanent workyears will provide administrative support
services including mail distribution, telecommunications support and management,
and printing and copy center management, at both headquarters and the regional
offices.
- $608,000 and 2 permanent workyears will be devoted to policy direction
and analysis. These activities Include statistical, economic and financial
analysis of regulations and guidelines; program evaluation; and the management
of the rulemaking process. Additionally, staff and contract resources wi11 be
used to provide analytic support necessary to meet requirements Imposed by the
Act - particularly in the areas of financial responsibility and liability.
SF-10
-------
- $108,000 and 2 permanent workyears will be devoted to hiring, processing,
and maintaining the Superfund staff.
- $447,000 and 1 permanent workyear will be dedicated to addressing health
and safety concerns under this new program. Activities in this area include the
development of procedures and guidelines designed to protect the safety of our
field and laboratory employees and to monitor the training and certification of
tnese employees. In addition, a technical support and audit tea* will be estab'ishes
to review and assist in the implementation of regional safety programs and
support EPA/NOISH.'OSHA cooperative agreements. Training funds ($300,000) nave
see" mclucJei in this request to meet an immediate and continuing need for
safety training of our employees, who risk exposure to toxic and other hazardous
substances in the field and EPA laboratories.
- 51,454,000 is requested for agencywlde support services including rent
and utilities; janitorial, guard, and housekeeping services; health units;
preventive maintenance and repair; laboratory and office supplies; and postal
charges.
- $795,000 is included in this request for 'aboratory related equipment.
These funds will be used to purchase one nooile laboratory ($400,000} to proviae
on-site chemical analysis for the Immediate assessment of the toxicity of hazardous
materials; and, laboratory equipment ($395,000), including electronic photographic
processing ani analysis equipment which will be used to meet remote sensing
requirements during site discovery and field investigations and to iqentify
complex and co-mingled substances in support of field investigations.
- $300,000 will provide central technical support for developing, testing,
operating, and maintaining the Aqencywide information systems required to collect
and track data associated with notification, assessing and settinq site :1ean-up
priorities, identification of financial responsibility, tracking and reporting
cleanup actions and enforcement.
- 51,330,000 and 1 permanent workyear 1s requested for modifications to
E°A laooratones, to be used as follows:
rull Containment Facility at Edison, N.J. ($900,000)
During 1981, EPA will obligate funds for design of the modifications to
correct existing nealth and safety deficiencies and a full containment facility.
In addition, the Agency plans to obligate phase I construction funds which will
provide for modifications to existing heating, ventilation, electrical systems
and water and sewage services.
Relocation of S&A Laboratories (5400,000)
The $400,000 requested for this purpose will be used for initial design
work at all three locations.
The personnel resources will be used to manage the planning and designing of
the containnert laboratory facilities.
Sr-11
-------
EPA plans for implementing the Act assume that 905 or more of the required
laboratory analysis will be performed by commercial, state and other non-EPA
laboratories. Under this arrangement, EPA will be responsible for:
- Developing protocols for the collection and analysis of samples to ensure
safe handling of hazardous substances, accurate analytic results and
adherence to chain of custody requirements essential for enforcement
actions, fund recovery and claims adjudication.
Quality control/qua 11ty assurance certification of contractor. State
and EPA laboratories analyzing site and spill samples.
- Analyzing samples when response decisions are required in public health
emergencies.
A significant proportion of the samples obtained from uncontrolled sites and
spills will consist of highly concentrated chemical solutions that are either
known to be highly toxic or because their composition is unknown, must be treated
as highly toxic. These "high risk" samples must be analyzed, or at least diluted
for subseouent analysis, in a "full-containment" facility that has both "primary
containment" features to protect the laboratory work force from acute exposure
and "secondary containment" features which protect the laboratory work force
from chronic exposure and guard aqainst accidental release to toxic substances
outside the laboratory.
At present, EPA has one "fjl1-containment" laboratory, at the National
Enforcement Investigative Center (NEIC) in Denver, which is adequate to handle
the "high risk" workload generated by RCRA permitting and compliance activities
and other Agency programs. The NEIC facility cannot handle additional "high
risk" workload and is not appropriate for protocal development or quality con-
trol/quality assurance work. Thus, even assuming (heavy reliance) on contractor
and state laboratories, EpA must establish a separate "full containment" facility
to handle the "high risk" sample analysis workload generated by the Act.
To neet this need, we propose to construct a full containment facility in
addition to the existing EPA facilities at Edison, New Jersey which now house
tne Region I! Surveillance and Analysis Laboratory, the National Emergency Response
Team and the research group responsible for oil and hazardous spill control
technology. In addition to being the location of these three activities which
are central to EPA's implementation of the Act, the Edison site has several
major advantages:
- Edison is located in the eastern Industrial region that will be a major
locus of site and spill containment work.
The Edison facility is EPA-owned and located on a Federal reservation,
which will greatly simplify construction planning and management
- The Edison site 1s sufficiently isolated from residential and other
structures to avoid any risk or appearance of risk in the event of a
fire or accident involving toxic substances.
The remaining *ield samples gathered pursuant to the Act will be "medium
risk" samples. The EPA role with respect to these samples -- certification of
contract and state laboratories and performing sample analysis on sites and
spills requiring direct federal action -- will be performed in EPA's regional
survelHance and analysis laboratories. Upon completion of health and safety
modification planned in FY 1981 and FY 1982, five of the nine SAA laboratories
will be able to perform "medium risk" work safely and effectively. The remaining
four will require either extensive modification or relocation.
SF-12
-------
The Reqion II facility requires extensive modifications, which would oe
accomplished is part of the construction of a full-containment addition to the
same facility. Three other S&A laboratories cannot perform the work; reoui-ea
of them unaer the Act unless they are relocated, either because necessary nodi'i-
cations cannot be made in tneir present facility (Region IV - Athens, 3A) or
because toxic analysis cannot be performed in their present location without the
reality or apoearance of risk to nearby, nonEPA activities (Region V - Chicago,
il; Region V! - Houston, Tx). To r-eTiedy this sltuat'on, we Drooose to move all
three laboratories to .tore suitable locations if at all possible within tneir
present confuting areas.
19S2 Plan
The OWWM request is for 55 permanent workyears and 510,000,000. Tie types
of activities that will be performed with these resources include the establishment
of a new Assistant Administrators' office; policy analysis and promulgation of
regulations; ^OP activities; and purchase of *ield equipment needed for removal
ir.c roTg^ai activities.
!n 193? the Office of Enforcement reouests a total of 39 won.years ana
S3,150,000 for Operations Support to be jsed as follows:
- 1" woricvears to nanaoe and coordinate Super'un. 19S2, the Office of Dlanning and Management requests S11,170,000 and
permanent workyears for Program Management activities and SI 7 .980,000 anc 3;
permanent woricvears for Otner Management activities. The resources requester: • r,
'9S2 will enable the Aqency to provide xey supporting activities and services to
•neet an expanded program.
- SI,'08,000 and 15 permanent workyears will provide central budget and
financial control to ensure that fund monies are prooerly managed. Ten of the
15 positions will be located in our regional offices.
SF-1 3
-------
- $1 ,510,000 and 26 permanent workyears will be devoted to the award and
administration of contracts which are required to carryout response and remedial
activities.
- 51,564,000 and 11 permanent work years will provide administrative support
services including mail distribution, telecommunications support and management,
space and facilities management, printing and copy center management, at both
headquarters and the regional offices.
- $2,520,000 and 13 permanent workyears will be assigned to the Office of
the !r»soector General to appraise the adequacy of internal control over the
receipts and disbursements of the Fund and tc assure the proper administration
of the Fund and expeditious handling of claims. The Set requires the Inspector
General to submit to tne Congress an interim report on these matters after one
year, and a final report after two years, contract funds ($2,000,000) will
permit tne office to conduct pre-award, interim and final audits of contracts
supporting the Superfund program.
-- $320,000 and 3 permanent workyears will be allocated to the Office of
General/Regional Council for advice and consultation on financial and administrati
matters, including eligible uses of the fund, financial assistance to states,
claims, federal procurements, and record Keeping ana reporting requiregents.
The office will provide legal support for tne development of regulations and
for the defense of regulations and disbursement decisions.
- $2,360,000 and 4 permanent workyears will be devoted to policy direction
and analysis. These activities include statistical, economic and financial
analyses of regulations and guidelines; program evaluation; and the management
of the rulemaking orocess. Additionally, staff and contract resources win be
used to provide analytic support necessary to meet reouirements imposed 3v tne
Act -- particularly in the areas of financial responsibility and liability.
- $136,000 and 2 permanent workyears will be devoted to hiring, processing,
and maintaining the Superfund staff.
- $1,540,000 and 3 permanent workyears will be dedicated to addressing
healtn and safety concerns under this new program. Activities in this area
include the development of procedures and guidelines designed to protect the
safety of our field and laboratory employees and to monitor the training and
certification of these employees. In addition, a technical support and audit
team will Be established to review and assist in the implementaion of regional
safety programs and support t?A/N0iSH/ 0SHA cooperative agreements. Training
funds (3590,000) have been included in this request to meet an immediate and
continuing need for safety training of our employees in the field and £PA " joor-a-
tories wno risk exposure to toxic and other hazardous substances.
- >4,200,000 Is requested for agencywide support services including rent
and utilities, janitorial, guard, and housekeeping services, healtn units,
preventive maintenance and repair, laboratory and office supplies, and postal
charges.
- $5,932,000 is included in this request for laboratory related equipment,
"hese funds will oe used to purchase seven mobile laboratory ($2,800,000) to
provide on-site chemicals analysis for the immediate assessment of the toxicity
of hazardous materials; and laboratory equipment including electronic photo-
graphic processing and analysis equipment ($1,557,000) wnich will oe used to
meet remote sensing requirements during site discovery and field investigations
and five Gas Chromatagraph/Mass-Spectrometers (GC/MS) ($1,575,000) to identify
complex and co-mingled substances in support of field investigations.
SF-14
-------
- S2,380,000 and 1 pemanent workyear is requested and will provide centra!
technical support for developing, testing, operating, and maintaining the Agency-wide
information systems required to collect and track data associated with notification,
assessing and setting site clean-up priorities, identification of financial
responsibi11ty, tracking and reporting clean-up actions and enforcement.
- 55,540,000 and 1 permanent workyear is requested to conplete the work
segun in FY 1981 to construct a full containment laboratory at Edison, New
Jersey and relocate three S&A laboratories which cannot safely perform site and
spill sample analysis in their present facility.
- Full Containment Facility at Edison, New Jersey (S3,100,0001
The funds requested will be obligated or modification and expansion of tne
existing structure to accomodate both the full containment facility and essential
health and safety modification to enable the Region II surveillance and Analysis
laboratory to certify and support site and spill work, carried out by the State
} >^Cr2tCr'°S
- ^elccaf.on of SiA Laboratories (S2.400.000',
The amount requested assumes that EPA will be able to relocate al' three
-egiona1 SSA laboratories into exisfnc governnent owne
-------
Special Analyses
SECTION TAB
-------
SPEC IAl ANALYSES
Contents
EPA Organization Chart
FPA Regional Offices - Locations
Surmary of Resources
Morkyears and Budget Authority, 8y Media and Appropriation, 198)
Workyears and Budqet Authority, By Media and Appropriation, 1902
Total Funds Obligated, 1981
Total Funds Obligated, 190?
Positions by Grade and Average Employment
Classification by Objects:
Research and Development
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Salaries and Fxpenses,
Buildings and Facilities
Scientific Activities Overseas
Regulatory Council
Research and Development Crosswalk
SA-2
SA-3
SA-4
SA-;
SA-8
SA-9
SA-ll
SA-13
SA-11
SA-19
SA-22
SA-29
SA-31
SA-32
SA-45
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
otfici o« MwmmmAtfvt law m>oii
OtllCI Of CIV*
CXIIC* 0* l«*MtO«MKI 09 Mill finvtCCt
Of Kf 0* NfOONAl UAltOft
OlltCJ 0* MUMVOvaAKMIftMl MlAIICmt
MliCf O* lUk«4l«Miii
iniNCf AOVMOA* AOAAO
AOW1WI1UIO*
OlPtlfV AOMMttlAAfO*
/45f AI*##n*ll»AlOA
It* ft ANNUM]
AMO WANACIMINf
AltT AOM»K«TAAfO«
fW WAtlA MO
WUII
o*in w
fetM(4HII UK)
ACIMI N«»
-------
f PA HFCi KINS
LOCATIONS AND STATES
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
Headquarters, Boston, Massachusetts Region VI
TTonnect leut, Hafne, "Massachusetts,
Now Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Headquarters, New_York, New Vork Region VII
New JeFiery7 New Yorty Tuerto RTco
Virgin Islands
Headquarters, I'hlladelphla, Pennsylvania Region VII
Oe 1 aware7 HaryTan
-------
Actual
1980
Salaries _and Enpenses
TfuJoel autlioFrty. $524,7 73
Obi iqatlons 522.1 37
Outlays 471,062
Permanent Workyears 10,572
Full-time equivalency 12,940
Abatement, Control and Compliance
~0u3get authority 506,430
Obligations 573,518
Outlays 503,017
Permanent Workyears
Full-time equivalency 39
Research and Development
Budge I auTfiorTTy 233,481
Obligations 236,888
Outlays 277,218
^c 1 ent I f I c^ Activities Overseas
Budget auThorlty 7 ...
Obligations 28
Outlays 2,053
Buildings and Facilities
fudget autliorl ty 2,177
Obligations 1,667
Outlays 1,592
Summary of Resources
(dollars in thousands)
Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$561 ,694 $582,769 *$21,075
561,694 582,769 *21,075
547,052 614.122 *67,070
10,547 9,825 -722
12,977 12,209 -768
538 , 4 9 4 41 3,928 -124 , 566
534.844 418,940 -115,904
494,190 465,000 -29,190
••• •••
55 ... -55
250,836 190,635 -60,201
248,336 188,509 -59,827
229,900 213,000 -16,900
2,500 805 -1,695
2,700 1,300 -1,400
4,115 4,115
4,300 4,837 +537
2,500 3,700 *1 ,200
Srt-4
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Actual
1980
Current
Estimate
1981
Construction Grants
BuiJget aiiTFtorlly
Obi1 gat Ions
Outlays
Hazardous Substances Response
Trust Fund
Biitfye t au t ho r I ty
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Full-Time Equivalency
Operations, Research and Facilities
Obi I gat Ions T
Outlays
Revolvjnq Fujid
OR II gatTons.".
Outlays
Trust Funds
Budget autlKir 1 ty
Obi1 gallons
Outlays
Reimbursements
TGI T gallons::
Permanent Workypjrs
Full-time equivalency
$3,400,000
4,673.011
4,343.010
91;
2,890
580
-92
16
4
7
24,781
58
66
$2,304,837
3,500.000
4,180.000
68,000
68,000
17,000
1,669
3,200
650
50
20
20
30,000
63
72
SA-
lncrease ~
Estimate Oecrease -
1982 1982 vs. 1981
$1,100,000
3,840,000
<$2,304,837
-2,400,000
-340,000
200,000
200,000
84.000
503
584
~132,000
~132,000
~67,000
~ 503
~ 584
2,000
-1,669
-1,200
700
100
~ 50
• 50
25
20
~5
30,000
59
68
-4
-4
-------
Actual
1900
Regulatory CounclI
Uudget authority. $2,53fl
Obligations 2,449
Outlays 1,069
Permanent Workyears 9
Full-tline equivalency 33
Consolidated Working Fund
Obi i gat Ions ...
Outlays ...
Total, Environmental Protection Agency
BucTget autltorTCy ~ 4,669,415
Olillgatlons 6,035,980
Outlays 5,602,626
Permanent Workyears 10,639
FuH-ttme equivalency 13,078
Current Increase
Estimate Estimate Oecrease
1981 1982 1982 vs.
$2,560 ... -J2.560
2,560 ... -2,560
2,110 1 ,03(1 -1 ,080
11 ... -11
26 ... -26
17 -17
3,730,536 1,391,447 -2,339,089
4,954,573 2,526,585 -2,427,988
5,478,739 5,224,272 -254,467
10,621 10,387 -234
13,130 12,861 -269
SA-6
-------
19fll Resources
By Media and Appropriation
(dollars In thousands)
Abatement,
Salaries
& Expenses
Control &
Research S
Total
Permanent
Compllance
Development
Permanent
Workyears
Amount
JmounL
Amount
Horkyears
Amount
Air
1.780
$78,799
$126,529
$41,195
1,708
$246,523
Hater ()na11 ty
2,709
115.734
184,002
37,944
2,789
337,680
Drinking Mater,
513
21,720
42,500
18,665
513
82,893
Hazardous Waste
Bl 2
31,980
91,325
25,059
812
151,364
Pesticides
885
33.873
31,178
4,618
885
69,669
Radiation
186
8,340
7,411
1,437
186
17,188
Noise....,
90
4,804
8.161
• • •
90
13,045
Interdisciplinary
120
5.957
1,288
3,376
120
10,621
Toxic Substances.....
727
33,703
46,100
24,189
727
103,992
Energy
HI
10,586
• * •
94,353
141
104,939
Management and Support
2,497
213,110
• • •
,,,
2,497
213,110
Subtotal
10,548
561 ,694
5313,494
250,836
10,548
1.351 ,024
Regulatory Council,.
...
« » #
• • •
11
2.560
Buildings and Facilities
,,,
*«•
« « *
,,,
4,115
Reimbursements
,,,
• • •
..«
» • .
62
• • «
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
• • »
• • •
* * *
»,.
68,000
Subtotal
1(1,54A
561 ,694
53H.494
250,836
1 ,425,899
Construction Grants
...
...
...
...
...
2,304,837
Total
TS,5ffl
53M94
"mw ¦
10,<521
3,730,536
SA-7
-------
19A? Resources
By Media and Appropriation
(dollars In thousands}
Air
Water Q
-------
f NV1R0NHFN1AI rHOUCTION AGfHCT
Total Funds Obligated, 1981
(dollars In thousands)
Budget
Authority
Research and Development 250,836
ai ft::: ,t.t; ;.t.. .t;~ ir;i?r
Mater quality 37.944
DrlnHnq Water 18,665
Hazardous Haste. 25,059
Pesticides 4,618
Radiation 1,437
Interdisciplinary 3,3/6
Toxic Substances 24,189
Energy 94,353
Abatement, Control and Compliance 538,494
~K F F7.\7.77. .T.T.T iTT.TT.."77.". IB3JF
Mater Quality 184,002
Drinking Hater 4?,500
Hazardous Mastes 91,325
Pesticides 31,178
Radiation 7,411
Noise 8,161
interdisciplinary 1,280
Toxic Substances 46,100
Salaries and Enpenses 561,694
—7ff,7w~
Materiality 115,734
Drinking Hater 2l,7?8
Hazardous Haste 34,980
Pesticides.... 33,873
Radiation 8,340
Noise 4,884
Interdisciplinary.,,.., 5,957
Toxic Substances 33,703
Energy 10,586
Management and Support 213,110
Unobligated
Balance
Brought
forward
~4,874
—tt;p§
~2,288
~ 280
~ 471
~ 414
~256
416
~21,362
~4,575
~3,754
~5,779
~2,277
~1,091
~ 34
Unobi I gated
Balance
Carried Total
forward Obi I
-------
Budget
Authority
UnohlIgated
Balance
Brought
Forward
Unobligated
Balance
Carried
Forward
Total
Obi 1 gat Ions
Regulatory Council 2,560
2,560
Buildings and Facilities 4,115
~90?
-722
4,300
Scientific Activities Overseas
~3.305
-805
2,500
Construction Grants 2,304,837
~3,016,758
-1,821,595
3,500,000
Operations, Research and Facilities ...
~1,669
1,669
Hazardous Substance Resp. Trust Fund 68,000
68,000
Total 1.730,536
~3,0*8,875
-1,851,508
4,923,903
SA-10
-------
Rudget
Authority
Research and Development 190,635
A177777777777777777777777777777 35,5*3
Water Quality 24,456
Drinking Water 20,911
Hazardous Waste 22,700
Pesticides 945
Radiation 771
Interdisciplinary 4,247
Toxic Substances 23,677
Energy 57,379
Abatement, Control and Compliance 413,928
AFrT 119,986
Water Qual Ity 114,178
Drinking Water 42,091
Hazardous Waste 64,805
Pesticides 28,227
Radiation 2,323
Noise 365
Interdisciplinary 4,604
Toxic Substances 37,349
Salaries and Expenses 582,769
" "A 1777777777777777777 5J.W
Water Quality 108,699
Drinking Water 24,664
Hazardous Waste 32,296
Pesticides 32,897
Radiation 9,794
Noise 1,906
Interdisciplinary 6,453
Toxic Substances 37,127
Energy 12,767
Hanagemont and Support 232,578
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Total Tunds Obligated, 1982
(dollars In thousands)
UnoblIgated
Balance
Brought
f orward
+7,374
rr7«55
+ 3,475
~500
~ 323
~643
~ 565
~25,012
~*.9?r
~4,806
~ 4,059
~7,672
~ 2,410
~1,135
~ 9
tlnobl Igated
Balance
Carried
Forward
Total
-9,500
188,509
-3.259
34,153
-3,235
24,696
-557
20,854
-700
22,323
-371
1,217
• • «
771
-1,378
3,434
• • •
23,677
...
57,379
-20,000
418,940
-5,979
118,928
-4,152
114,832
-2,476
43,674
-3,869
68,608
-1,690
28,946
• • •
2,323
• • •
365
-1,248
4,491
-586
36,773
• • •
582,769
108,699
24,664
32,296
32,897
9,794
1,906
6,453
37,127
12,767
232,578
SA-II
-------
Regu 1 a tory_ Counc 11
BuiIdlngs and facl1Itles
ScIentlflc Ac11v1 ties Overseas
Construction Grants
Operations, Research and Facilities
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
Total
Iludge t
Authority
Unobligated
Balance
Brought
Forward
llnobl (gated
Balance
Carried
Forward
4,115
4722
4805
41,621,595
¦721 ,595
200,000 wj.
1,391.44? 41,855,508
-751 ,095
Total
ObiIgatlons
4,837
805
1.100,000
200,000
2,495,860
SA-12
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Positions Hy Grade and Average Employment
Actual Estimate
Grades 1980 1981 1982
Executive Level II............ 1 I I
Executive Level III I 1 1
Executive Level IV 7 7 7
Subtotal 9 9 9
ES-4. 142 142 142
ES-3 22 22 22
ES-2 29 29 29
ES-1 32 32 32
Subtotal
225
225
225
GS-16
10
10
11
GS/GM-15
525
517
474
GS/GH-14
1,083
1,055
967
GS/GM-13
1,692
1,656
1,518
GS-12
1,798
1,762
1,613
GS-1I
1,168
1,134
1,033
GS-10
62
62
61
GS-9
984
958
864
f.S-8 ««
192
185
160
GS-7
853
828
750
GS-6
555
542
498
GS-5
833
812
743
GS-4
442
427
391
GS-3
126
128
120
GS-2..
20
20
20
GS-1
2
2
2
Subtotal 10,345 10,098 9,225
SA-13
-------
Grades
Positions established by act of
July I, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Assistant Surgeon General,
$31,558 to $45,990.
director Grade, $23,393 to
$40,410
Senior grade, $18,709 to
$3?,969.
full grade, $15,772 to
$27,572
Senior assistant grade,
$14,656 to $23,843
Assistant grade, $12,776 to
$17,690
Subtotal
Positions established by act of
November 16. 1977 (42 U.S.C.
201) compensation for which
Is not to exceed the maximum
rate payable for a 6S-18
Ungraded
Total permanent positions....
Foil-Time Equivalency:
Permanent...
Other.
Total
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
1980
1901
1981
1
1
1
91
91
91
143
143
143
41
41
41
17
17
17
2
2
2
295
295
295
30
30
30
100
100
100
11,004
10,757
9,884
10,631
10,621
10,387
2,418
2,509
2.473
13,049 13,130 12,860
SA-14
-------
Rpqulatory Councl
Actual
1980
GS-17 1
GS/GH-15 2
GS/GH-M 2
GS-1 ? 1
GS-ll I
GS-9 1
GS-8 I
GS-6 I
GS-5 1
Total permanent positions.. 11
SA-15
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
1
2
2
II
-------
HAZARDOUS SURSTANCES RESPONSE TRUST FUNO
Positions By Grade and Average Employment
Actual Estimate Estimate
Grades 1980 1981 1982
Executive Level IV ... 1 1
ES-4 ... 5 5
ES-3 ... 3 3
ES-2 ... 2 2
Subtotal ... I) 11
GS/GM-15 ... 13 24
GS/GM-14 ... 42 78
GS/GH-13 ... 41 78
GS-1? ... 44 87
GS-11 ... ?5 53
GS-10 ... 2 2
GS-9 ... 23 43
GS-8 ... 5 10
GS-7 ... 19 36
GS-6 ... 12 21
GS-5 ... 16 31
GS-4 ... 11 21
GS-3 ... 4 6
GS-2 ... 1 1
GS-1 ... 1 1
Subtotal ... 259 492
Total permanent positions.. ... 270 503
SA-16
-------
RESEARCH AND OEYEtOrWNT
Classification by Object*
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
Current
Actus! Estimate Estimate
1980 1981 I90Z
21 Travel and Transportation of persons $8 ... ...
22 Transportation of things 20
23.2 Communications, utilities, and other rent 228
24 Printing and reproduction 231 ... ...
25 Othpr services 150,241 152,303 112.186
26 Supplies and materials 170 ...
31 Equipment 284
32 Lands and structures 95
41 Grants, subsldtes, and contributions 82,026 89,870 71,823
Total other objects $233,303 $242,173 $184,009
Total obligations 1233,303 $242,173 $184,009
EXPLANATION Of INCREASES AND OECHEASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Oecrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 v>. 1981
Other Services $150,241 $177,627 $152,303 $112,186 -$40,117
Thp docrease of $25,324 to the 1981 current estimate
results from the following:
Congressional add-on for acid rain *$500
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes «800
Congressional reduction for urban systems -125
Congressional reduction for Innovative research -1,000
Congressional general reduction aqalnst all
research areas -5,000
Shift of contract funds to grants within tills
appropriation -11,681
SA-17
-------
New estimate based on I9R0 actual data
Reduction In the amount of carryover originally
projected to be carried forward In 1981
The decrease of $40,117 In the 19(12 request reflects
a major reduction In contracted research In the enerqy
program. Other smaller reductions occur In water quality
and hazardous waste.
Grants, subsidies, and contributions
The Increase of JO,99/ to the 1981 current estimate
reflects a shift of ill,681 from contract to research
grants activities within this appropriation; a 51
consulting services rescission of $149; and reduction
of $Z,535 for the It transfer authority that was shifted
to S*F.
The decrease of $18,047 In the 198? request reflects
both the transfer of the MIRS proqram from the Salaries
and Expenses approprlatlon($598); an Increase of $2.5
million In the amount of carryover available; and
the reduction In research grants for air, water quality,
pesticides, radiation, toxic substances and enerqy.
-3,685
-5.133
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
JiPJL 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$82,026 $80,873 $89,870 $71,823 -$18,047
-18
-------
ABATEMENT, CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
Actual
19B0
Personnel Services . $741
Other Objects:
21 Travel and transportation of persons 6
22 Transportation of things 14
23.2 ComraunleatIons, utilities, and other rent 25
24 Printing and reproduction 619
25 Other services..... 225,116
25 Supplies and materials 65
31 Equipment 887
41 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 305,776
Total other objects $532.508
Total obligations.. $533,249
Position Data:
Average salary, OS positions. $24,874
Average grade, GS positions 10.3
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AHD DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Budget
Actual Estimate
1900 1981
Personnel services $740 $78
Ihe Increase of $844 In the 19(11 current estimate supports the
estimate for actual salary costs needed for the authorized State
assignees In the grant programs.
The decrease of $922 1n the 190? request reflects the termination
of the State assignee program.
SA-19
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
$922
246,998
286,434
$533.43?
$534,354
$27,208
10.3
$75
178,628
240,237
$418,940
$418,940
$27,510
10.3
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
$922
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
-$922
-------
Actual
I960
Travel and transportation of persons $6
The Increase of $75 In the 1982 request reflects the
travel associated with the underground Injection control
grant program.
Actual
1980
Printing and reproduction $619
Actual
1980
Other services...... $225,116
The Increase of $2,790 In the 1981 current estimate
results from the following;
Congressional add-on to clean-up PCBs
In Maukegan Harbor,,,,.,,
Congressional reduction to pesticides...,
Congressional reduction against all
abatement, control and compliance
act Ivltles
Hazardous Waste Amendment
Increase due to shift from grants to contracts
Reduction for 5X consulting services rescission
Reduction for It transfer authority moved to S*E..,.
Change In rate of obligation for contract program...
SA-20
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
Increase *
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
$10
...
$75
~ $75
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
Budget
Estimate
1901
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
$244,200
$246,998
$178,628
-$68,370
~$1,200
-2,500
-MOO
~1,562
~6,575
-1,253
-5,436
~3,650
-------
The decrease of $68,370 In the 19R? request reflects
the following:
Transfer of contract activities to Hazardous
Substance Reponse Trust Fund
Increases In contracts for pesticides premanufacture
review process, energy review and permitting, and
ocean disposal +7,500
Reduction In contracting for air quality, effluent
guidelines, water quality manaqeinent, radiation,
noise, and toxic substances -49,050
-TSa'lTo
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
Grants, subsidies, and contributions $305,776 $298,6«3 $286,434 $240,237 -$46,197
The decrease of $12,209 In the 1981 current estimate
to grants results from the following:
Congressional reduction to Clean lakes -2,000
Congressional add-on for Section 106 grants »2,000
Congressional reduction to underground
Injection control grants -1,500
Congressional reduction to resource recovery
grants -4,000
Congressional add-on for academic training *710
Shift from grant object class to personnel
services to support salaries for State
assignees -844
Reduction due to shift from grants to contracts -6,575
-$T7.7ire
The decrease of $46,197 to grants In the 1982 request
primarily results from the termination of several grant
programs. Including State and local areawlde planning grants
(Section 2'lfl), Clean Lakes, Solid Waste Management, and
Resource Recovery, Additional reductions were applied to
tonic substances enforcement grants and pesticides
certification and training. Grant Increases went to
hazardous waste and pesticides enforcement grants.
SA-21
-------
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Classification by Objects
Includes Olrect Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
Current
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
I960
1981
1982
Personnel Services
$339,806
$378,416
$357,172
Other Objects:
Z1
Travel and transportation of persons
15,812
15,563
16,565
22
Transportation of things
2,229
1,944
2,307
23.1
Standard level user charges
18,800
20,494
25,402
23.2
Communications, utilities, and other rent....
35,268
33,326
36,126
24
Printing and reproduction
8,142
8,593
10,855
25
Other services
72,652
80,143
100,564
26
Supplies and materials
12,739
13,461
16,011
31
Equipment
15,146
8,897
17,767
32
Lands and structures
120
30
...
41
Grants, subsidies, and contributions
1,307
827
• • •
42
Insurance claims and Indemnities
11
• * •
• • •
Total other objects
1182,226
$183,278
$225,597
Total obligations
$522,112
$561,694
$582,769
Position Data:
Average salary, GS positions
$24,874
$27,288
$27,510
Average grade, GS positions
10.3
10.3
10.3
i
I
SA-2?
-------
EXPLANAIION OF INCREASES AMU DECREASES TO OOJECT CLASS1FICATIONS
Actual
J980
Personnel services $339,886
The Increase of $21,360 In the 1981 current estimate
results from the following:
Reduction to Budget Estimate by President
Carter (House Document 96-264)
Hazardous Waste Amendment
Congressional add-on for personnel costs to
cover review of AWT projects
Congressional reduction for consulting
services .
Congressional reduction for SES Bonuses
Supplemental for partial payment of October 1980
pay raise
Travel reduction transferred Into PC*B In March
revlsIons
It transfer authority transferred Into PC8B
51 SAE consulting services reduction transferred
Into PCSfl In March revisions
Equipment moratorium reduction transferred into
PCSB In March revisions
Net Increase from other object classes for PC4B
The decrease of $21,244 in the 1982 request results
from a reduction of 760 authorised workyears.
SA-23
Dudqet
EstImate
1901
Current
Estimate
1981
Increase ~
Estimate Decrease -
1982 1982 vs. 1981
$357,056 $378,416 $357,172 -$21,244
>3,175
~ 300
-1,741
-750
~6,165
~1,796
~7,971
~ 392
~ 421
~ 3,631
~21,360
-------
Actual
1980
Travel and transportation of persons $15,012
The decrease of $2,151 1n the 1911 current estimate
reflects an Increase of $495 for the Hazardous Waste
Amendment; a congressional reduction of $850 Including
a reduction of $250 In Internatlonal travel; and an 0MB directed
travel reduction of $1,796 in the March revisions and shift of
these funds into PCAB.
The Increase of $1,002 In the 19B2 request reflects that
amount required to cover a portion of the Increase costs
already realized with Increases In conDerlcal air fares, higher
per diem rates, and higher mileage rates.
Actual
1980
Transportation of things $2,229
The Increase of $289 In the 1981 current estimate
results from an adjustment to cost estimates using
1980 actual costs as a base.
The Increase of $363 In the 1982 request again
reflects estimates based on 1980 actual costs and
expected Increases for the shipping of materials.
SA-24
Budget Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Estimate Oecrease -
1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$17,714 $15,563 $16,565 »$1,002
Budget Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Estimate Oecrease -
1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$1,655 $1,944 $2,307 *$363
-------
Actual
1980
Standard level user charges.
The decrease of $986 In the 1981 current estimate
reflects revised projections of SLUC and direct
lease costs.
The Increase of $4,908 In the 1982 request covers
the cost for the expansion In space that the Agency
acquired In 1980 and will acquire In 1981. This
also covers GSA set price Increases.
Actual
1980
Cocnnunlcatlons, utilities, and other rent.
The Increase of J720 In the 1981 current estimate reflects
the adjustment In utility costs for Increasing energy costs.
The Increase of $2,800 In the 1982 request supports
Increasing costs for rental of equipment, telephones,
and the continually rising cost of utilities.
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Printing and reproduction.
Actual
1980
$8,142
Budget
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
$18,800 $21,480 $20,494 $25,402
Estimate
1982
$35,268 $32,606 $33,326 $36,126
Current
Estimate
1981
Increase ~
Oecrease -
1982 vs. 1981
~$4,908
Increase ~
Oecrease -
1982 vs. 1981
~$2,800
Estimate
1982
$8,284 $8,593 $10,855
Increase ~
Oecrease -
1982 vs. 1981
~$2,262
The Increase of $309 In the 1981 current estimate
supports an adjustment for Increasing printing and
reproduction costs.
the Increase of $2,262 In the 1982 request will support
Increases In printing and reproduction costs and Federal
Register changes for the pesticides RPAR process, pesticides
registration program, toxic substances test rules, as well as
anticipated cost Increases for these services In other agency
programs.
sn-?5
-------
Actual
1980
Other services J/2,652
The decrease of $11,117 to the 1981 current estimate
results from the following:
Reduction to budget estimate by President Carter
(Mouse Document 96-264)
Hazardous Haste Amendment for ADP Contracts and other
services
Congressional reduction for A-109 program
Congressional reduction for consulting services
Congressional reduction for AUP
Congressional reduction to planning and evaluation
contracts
New estimate of costs based on 1980 actual data
The Increase of $20,421 In the 1982 request results from
the following:
Regional contracts for Increased analytical activities
and State/EPA agreement process
Increase for ADP timesharing that will provide increase
for contractor management of EPA's owned and leased
computer facilities
Increase to ADP contracts which will primarily support
the design, development, and Implementation of the
major toxics data bases and a R8D ecosystems effects
predictive model
Increase to provide contract dollars for such services as
telecommunications, mall and property and supply
Increase to planning and evaluation contracts most of
which Is a new Initiative to develop a more fully
Integrated approach to the regulation of toxic
substances
Increase to support anticipated increases for adminis-
trative and maintenance service contracts that
support the operation of facilities, equipment, training,
publication of notices, and other related services..
SA-26
Budget
Estimate
1981
$91,260
-$4,550
~$1,784
-5,795
-2,459
-1,955
-1,000
~2,858
"TT71T7
~ 708
~1,581
~866
~ 1,065
~6,275
~9,926
~ 20,m
Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Oecre
1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$80,143 $100,564 ^$20,421
-------
Supplies and materials
lhe decrease of $1,176 In the 1981 current estimate
reflects an adjustment on actual 1980 costs and shift
Into PC4B.
lhe Increase of $2,550 In the 1982 request primarily
represents cost Increases for supplies and materials.
Including paper products and other consumables used agency-
wide. This Increase also supports the RPAR process In
pesticides and the premanufacture review process In toxic
substances that are growing programs In 1982.
Equipment
The reduction of $7,731 to the 1981 current estimate
Includes a decrease of $45 for a congressional cut to ADP
and the remaining decrease of $7,686 for adjustments
based on 1980 actual costs and shift in PC8B.
The increase of $8,870 to the 1982 request reflects planned
purchases In the radiation program for emergency response
and nonionizing monitoring equipment, and 1n our air, water
quality, hazardous waste and toxic substances research program.
SA-27
Actual
1980
Rudypt
EstImate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
$12,739 $14,637 $13,461 $16,011
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
~$2,550
Actual
1980
Budget
Estimate
1981
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
$15,146 $16,628 $8,897 $17,767
~$8,870
-------
Actual
1980
Lands and structures $120
The reduction of $25 to the 1981 current estimate results
from the congressional directive that no projects over $20
be funded under this appropriation.
Actual
1980
Grants, subsidies, and contributions $1,30?
The decrease of $340 In the 1981 current estimate reflects
a redefinition and shift of these activities to other services.
The decrease of $827 In the 1982 request reflects the shift
($590) of the minority Institutions research support (MIR5)
program to the Research and Development appropriation in the
Interdisciplinary media and also the redefinition and shift of
activities ($229) Into other services.
5A-28
Budget Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Estimate Oecrease -
1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$55 $30 ... ...
Budget Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$1,167
$827
-$827
-------
mniimr.s ami) racil11us
Classlf teat ton by Objects
Includes Dtrpct Obligations Only
(in thousands of dollars)
Actual
1980
Current
Estimate
1981
Estimate
1982
?' T"->- «) and transportation of persons
23 ^.uiurain Icat Ions, utilities and other rent.
25 Other services
26 Supplies .ind materials
31 Equl [merit
32 lands and structures
Total obligations
EXI'LAHAI ION M INCREASES AND DECREASES 10 OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Travel and trans)'ortatlon of persons.
There Is no change from the 1981 budget estimate or the
1982 estimate.
Actual
1980
$25
Actual
1980
125
21
1.481
1
12
12/
$23
350
3,742
1,667
Budget
Estimate
1981
$23
Budget
Estimate
1981
4,115
Current
Estimate
1981
$23
Current
Estimate
1981
$?3
1,500
2,592
4,115
Estimate
1982
$23
Estimate
1982
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
Conniunlcatlons,utilities and other rent.
$21
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 1981
~$1,150
The Increase of $150 In the I9fll current estimate results
from carryover wtiIch was not anticipated one year ago.
The Increase of $1,150 In the 19ft? estimate supports
architectural and engineering design contracts to correct health
and safety deficiencies In 1 PA laboratories and to modify several
1aboratorIes to permit high hazard sample testing.
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1980 1981 1981 1982
Other services $1,481 $200 $350 $1,500
SA ?•)
-------
Supplies and materials
Ihe decrease of $?5 In the 19H1 current estimate
results from an adjustment based on tfie actual costs
In 1980.
equipment
ihe decrease of $20 In tlie 1901 current estimate
results from nonrecurring requirements from 1980.
Lands and struetures
The Increase of SI,035 In the 1901 current estimate
results from carryover which was not anticipated one year
ago.
The decrease of $1,150 1n the 19H2 request reflects the
shift to other services for health and safety modifications
to EPA fac11 tiles.
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
J980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$1 $25
Rudget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$12 $20
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
J9B0 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$127 $2,707 $3,742 $2,59? -$1,150
SA-.1U
-------
SUEH1 If IC AC I IV111F S OVE RSf AS
Classification by Objects
Includes Dlrpct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
Actual
1980
Current
Est I mate
1981
2' Travel anil transportation of persons $12 SIS
25 Oilier services
Total obligations 1? 2.500
EXPLANATION Of INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Travel and transportation of j^rsons.
The Increase of $10 In the 1932 request supports travel
costs which has to he financed In 1901 from Salaries and
Expenses.
Other services.
The increase of $1,299 In the 19(11 current estimate reflects
a higher carryover balance than was anticipated one year ago.
The reduction of Jt.705 in the 1902 request reflects the
decrease In carryover funds anticipated for 198? and the fact
that no new funds are available in either 1901 on 1982.
Actual
1980
$12
Actual
1980
Budget
Estimate
1981
$15
Pudget
Est Iniate
1981
$1,185
SA-31
Estimate
1982
$25
780
805
Current Increase ~
Estimate Fstlmate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$15 $25 +$10
Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$2,485 $780 -$1,704
-------
HFGUIA!OR* COUNCIL
Classificatlon by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(in thousands of dollars)
Current
Actual estimate
J900_ I98J_
Personnel Services $1,130 $999
Other Objects:
21 Travel and transportation of persons.... 19 25
22 Transport.it Ion of things 2 5
23.2 Coimunfcatlons, utilities, and other rent 95 185
24 Printing and reproduction 295 650
25 Other services 85? 620
26 Supplies and materials 22 23
31 Equ1|ment 34 47
Total other objects 1,319 1,561
lotal obligations....... 2,449 2,560
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES ftllO DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Budget
Actual Estimate
1980 19B1
Personnel services $1,130 $939
The Increase of $60 In the 1981 current estimate reflects
the supplemental retpiest for the October 1900 pay raise.
The reduction of $9')9 In the I9B2 request reflects the
deletion of this appropriation In the March revisions.
Support for preparation of the calendar of federal Regulations
will continue In the Office of the Administrator.
SA-1?
Est1mate
1902
Current
Estimate Estimate
1981 1982
$999
Increase ~
Decrease -
1982 vs. 198
$-999
-------
Actual
J 900,
Travel anil transportation qf_|iersons $19
The reduction of $?!> In the 190? request reflect": the
deletion of this appropriation In the March revision.
Actual
J9I!0
Transportation of tilings $2
lhe Increase of $5 In the 1901 current estimate reflects
a change In the estimate of needs after the first year of
operatIon.
The reduct Ion of $5 In the 190? request reflects the
deletion of this appropriation In the March revisions. Actual
1980
Rent, comnunkat lonSj_ and utll I tics 195
Hip reduction of $5 tn the 1901 current estimate reflects
a readjustment of costs to provide for Increased equl|mental
rentals.
The reduction of $105 In the 1902 request reflects
the deletion of this appropriation In the March revisions.
Actual
1900
Printing and reproducl l_on $?95
The decrease of 11 In the 1901 current estimate reflects
an adjustment In lhe estimate for printing and reproduction
costs.
The reduction of $650 In the 190? request reflects the
deletion of this appropriation In the March revisions.
SA 31
Oudqel Current Increase ~
estimate Estimate F.stlmate Decrease -
19111 I90J 1982 1962 vs. 1981
$.<8 $?5 ... -125
Rudyet Current Increase *
Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
_J901 1901 1982 1962 vs. 1981
$5 ... -$5
Hudget Current Increase ~
Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$190 $185 ... -$185
Budget Current Increase ~
f.stlmate Estimate Estimate Oecrease -
1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$651 $650 ... -$650
-------
Other services
The decrease of $821 tn the 1901 current estimate reflects
the majority of the $830 congressional reduction to the
approprlat ton.
The reduction of $62G In the 1982 request reflects the
deletion of this appropriation In the March revisions.
Supplies and materials
The reduction of $23 In the 1902 request reflects the
deletion of this appropriation In the March revisions.
Equipment
The reduction of $47 In the 1902 request reflects the
deletion of this appropriation In the March revisions.
Oudget Current Increase «
Aclual Estimate Fstlmate Estimate Decrease -
1900 1981 1981 1902 I9B2 vs. 1981
$052 $1,4S0 $626 ... -$626
Budget Current Increase ¦»
Actual estimate Fstlmate Estimate Decrease -
I960 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$22 $23 $23 ... -$23
Budget Current Increase ~
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 vs. 1981
$34 $47 $47 ... -$47
34
-------
RESTRUCTURING HIE RIJOGET rOflMAf
orrict or research and development
JANUARY 1981
Int r odjjc tlo n_-_The Research Committee System
Over the past two and a half years, EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) has steadily progressed
toward a stated goal of Increasing the responsiveness of Its programs to Agency-wide requirements for scientific
data In support of EPA's mission. One of the most Important steps In achieving this goal has been the design and
establishment of the Research Conmlttee system as a cornerstone of ORD's program planning process.
The concept of this system was Introduced In 1978 when ORD tested the feasibility of Jolht planning In five
Research Committees. Composed of representatives from ORD and each of EPA's other major organizational components,
the Conmlttees addressed ORD's programs In five major regulatory areas: drinking water; Industrial wastewater;
particulate air pollution; mobile sources air pollution; and pesticides. The success of the pilot project led ORD
to expand the number of Committees from five to twelve, developing the Committee structure In concert with each
concerned Assistant Administrator. In addition, 0R0 established a thirteenth Energy Research Cownlttee early
last calendar year to specifically address the portions of the energy program which are multi-media, such as
synthetic fuels. This group will also coordinate with the Committees in planning the remainder of the program to
assure a necessary overall energy perspective. The Committees and their relationship to EPA's regulatory program
offices are shown In Figure 1.
Current Status - The Conmlttee System and Planning Process
Early In the design of the Committee system, ORD recognlied the need to substantially modify Its Internal
planning process to Incorporate Committee input. This has been accomplished by aligning Its Fiscal Year 1901 budge
subactlvltles to the subject areas addressed by the Conmlttees. The proposal to restructure ORD's budget •
subactlvltles resulted from an exhaustive 0R0 analysis of the existing structure and Its Ideal relationship to the?
Committees. The analysis began In April 1979 and drew heavily on experience gained In aligning the Committee
system to the ZRB process.
This restructuring establishes a total of 24 budget subactlvltles for ORD, rather than the 31 which existed
for the Fiscal Year 1980 ZBB process. Twenty-two of these subactlvltles cover 95X of ORO'j totalprogram, and
correspond directly to the Research Conmlttees. Sub-programs are structured within each new suhactlvlty for clear
reporting, tracking, and accounting.
Two subactlvltles are not aligned to Research Conmlttees. Program Management and Support is one of these an
presented separately. The remaining subactlvity. Intermedia Programs, contains only those portions of the ORD effort
which are either strongly Intermedia In nature or are not readily relatabte to the Committees' areas of concern.
SA-35
-------
FIGURE 1
RESEARCH COMMITTEES AND
CORRESPONDING PROGRAM
OFFICES
OFFICE OF TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
OFFICE OF
WATER ft WASTE
MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF
SOLID WASTE
OFFICE OF
DRINKING
WATER
OFFICE OF
PESTICIDE
PROGRAM
OFFICE OF
RADIATION
PROGRAMS
moWe source
AIR POLLUTION
OFFICE OF
WATER
PLANNING
AND
STANDARDS
OFFICE OF
MOBILE
SOURCE AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
OFFICE OF
WATER
PROGRAM
OPERATIONS
OFFICE OF
AIR OUALIIV
PLANNING ft
STANDARDS
OFFICE OF AIR,
NOISE. ANO
RADIATION
-------
The new structure orients ORO's program so that each subactlvlty contains the appropriate mix of research
activities to carry out the Research Committee strategy. For example, the oxidant subactlvlty Is composed of a mix
of health effects, environmental processes, control technology, and monitoring sub-programs. The sub-programs are
structured according to major disciplinary types of activities such as "Health Effects," "Environmental Engineering
and Technology," "Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance," etc. These areas In turn correspond directly and
uniquely to each 0R0 Deputy Assistant Administrator's area of program responsibility. The new structure permits
tracking by Research Committee subject area {at the subactlvlty level) and by disciplinary or functional area
(at the sub-program level) corresponding to ORO's line management strucFure. Planning, budgeting. Implementation,
and accountability are thus tied together for the first time.
In the new structure there are fourteen non-energy and ton energy subactlvltles. The alignment of suhactlvltles
to Research Committees to Program Offices In described 1n Table 1.
In order to derive the new structure, the old subactlvltles were, In general crosswalked Into the sub-programs
of the new regulatory subactlvltles as follows. In most media categories such as Toxic Substances, Drinking Mater,
Radiation, Solid Waste, and Pesticides, the health and control technology programs were translated directly.
The ecological effects, pollutants characterization, and transport and fate efforts were consolidated Into the new
sub-program, Environmental Processes * Effects. The monitoring and measurement methods development, quality
assurance, and technical assistance efforts were consolidated Into the new sub-program. Monitoring 8 Quality
Assurance. By constrast. In the large Air & Hater Quality Medium, some old subactlvltles were In some cases
split between new subactlvltles. For example, the old Health Effects/Non-Crlterla Pollutants translates Into
both the new Gases and Particles Subactlvlty and Hazardous Air pollutants Subactlvlty. Such cases of a more
complicated nature are comparatively few In nunber and the resource crosswalks are being supplied to the Congress
Finally, the Scientific Assessments and Technical Information programs were moved from the Interdisciplinary Medium
to align these activities to Research Conmlttees. These activities should be Integral to the presentation of a
total program package and are now planned accordingly. The basic crosswalk 1s diagrammed for one media as an
example In Figure 2.
Our analysis Indicates that the following benefits are obtained through the restructuring:
- Research Conmlttees are a fundamental feature of ORO's Improvements of Its planning and oversight processes.
Each Comnlttee annually produces a research strategy which relates the regulatory plans of that program to
needed research outputs In specific timeframes. If these plans are to be valuable, they must be linked
directly to the planning and budgeting system I.e., the subactlvltles which form the building blocks of the
planning process and the Congressional Budget submission.
- The new subactlvlty structure permits a cohesive description of the research In each major regulatory
subject area. This confines the areas of concern of a Research Conmlttee to Identified subactlvltles and
makes It easier for each Committee to work with its program. Experience with the old structure showed
that the text of the various subactlvltles together did not provide an adequate description of a given
Comnlttee1s overall area of concern, because each subactlvlty was written from a disciplinary rather than
Comnlttee perspective.
SA-3 /
-------
TABLP 1
SUMMARY OF ALIGNMENT BETWEEN RESEARCH COMMITTEES AND BUDGET SUBACMVITIES
Committee
Mobile Sources
Gases and Particles
Oxidants
Hazardous Air
Pollutants
Water QualIty
Municipal Waste-
Water and Spills
Industrial Wastewater
Drinking Water
Solid Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Testing and Assessment
Energy
Intermedia Programs
Program Management
and Support
Prograin Office
Office of Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control/
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards/
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards/
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards/
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
Office of Water Planning and Standards/
Office of Water and Waste Management
Office of Water Program Operations/
Office of Water and Waste Management
Office of Water Planning and Standards/
Office of Water and Waste Management
Office of Orlnklng Water/
Office of Water and Waste Management
Office of Solid Waste/
Office of Water and Waste Management
Office of Pesticides Programs/
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Office of Radiation Programs/
Office of A1r, Noise and Radiation
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
All
Not aligned to Comnlttees
Budget Subactlvlty
I Non-Energy
Non-Energy
Energy
Non-Energy
Energy
Non-Energy
Energy
Non-Energy
Energy
Non-Energy
Non-Energy
Energy
Non-Energy
Energy
Non-Energy
Energy
Non-Energy
Non-Energy
Non-Energy
Energy
Multi-Media
nergy Subactlvlty
Intermedia
Program Management and Support
SA-3R
-------
Figure 2
Subactlvlty Crosswalk - An Example
Toxic Substances Medium
Subact1vltles/Sub-programs Old Budget Structure
Toxics Medium
Health and Fcologlcal Effects
Health Effects
Ecological Effects
Transport and Fate
Monitoring and Technical Support
Characterization and Measurement Methods
Development
Techntcal Support
Industrial Processes
Interdisciplinary Medium
Scientific Assessments (portion related-
to toxics)
SubactIvItles/Sub-programs Hew Budget Structure
Chemical Testing and Assessment
^Health Effects
»NCTR (1)
~Htratoshperlc Modification (2)
Environmental Processes and Effects
* Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance (3)
-^Environmental Engineering and Technology
-~Scientific Assessments
-~Technical Information and Liaison
Technical Information (portion related
to toxics)
(1) National Center for Toxlcologlcal Research - Joint support with FDA.
(2) Special program appearing In this medium only.
(3) In 1981, there was no quality assurance program. In other media having such programs,
quality assurance Is Identified and transferred to the new structure In the new monitoring
and quality assurance sub-program.
SA-39
-------
- EPA's regulatory offices have Indicated that the way In which the Committees' areas of responsibility have
been delineated Is, from their perspective, the most sensible way to partition the research proyram.
Consequently, resource allocations made on that same basis In the planning process should lead to a more
balanced research and development program.
- The subactlvltles present a complete proposal for research on a given regulatory subject area, Including
program description, resource levels, and a dlscrlptlon of the Agency research requirements to be addressed
In that area. This facilitates review by the appropriate Research Conmlttee, OHO, and the Congress,
ensuring that ORO's programs reflect established priorities.
- The sub-program areas are unique to each of ORO's Deputy Assistant Administrators or staff office directors.
This automatically eliminates organizationally shared program elements, which have historically required
staff effort to solve administrative problems. Even more Importantly, the sub-programs clearly and explicitly
align to the disciplinary structure of the ORO management organization which will continue to Implement
the program.
- The disciplinary (ORO line organization) and problem area (Research Conmlttee) orientations are the two
main perspectives from which to view ORO's program. If both perspectives are brought to bear on planning
In a complementary way, the result should strengthen and enhance planning and resource allocation efforts.
The new structure provides a means for doing this.
- It is easier for non-research program personnel to translate the program from regulatory subject areas to
disciplines than to make the reverse translation. Thus, the restructuring achieves a basic Intent, I.e.,
to simplify the way 1n which ORO arrays Its program plans.
- The 1902 budget request to the Congress represents the first set of plans developed entirely within the
committee system and using the new budget format. This Is thus the cumulation of several years of effort
to Integrate ORD activities with those of the rest of the Agency.
SA-40
-------
Summary of Media Changes
Table 2 provides a siminary hy media of the changes 1n workyears and dollars between the old and now budget
structure, while Figure 3 provides a programnatlc diagram of the changes. The most dramatic media change Is a
shift of programs out of the Interdisciplinary category and Into the subactlvltles which correspond to .ind are
within the purview of the Research Committees. The Impetus for this change lies In ORO's recognition that the
programs are relatable to the Agency's regulatory and operational areas of concern; the result of this change
Is a more complete and better planned research package. As noted earlier, the change Involves the alignment
of both the scientific assessment and technical Information activities and the Interdisciplinary medium to the
Coinnlttees. The change also concerns the old Anticipatory program and the recognition that Its activities
such as acid rain are no longer anticipatory, hut are dealing with present problems. In addition, the change
Involves moving all of the exploratory program but core support to the Committee system.
The 1981 restructured President's Budget for the Air Medium totals $73.8 million and 451.8 permanent
workyears. This represents an Increase of $3.7 mill Ion andTJTf permanent workyears from the original 1981
President's Budget. The majority of this Increase Is the result of transferring resources from Interdisciplinary
(Technical Information, Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory); and Energy (Monitoring Hethods and Systems).
The 1981 'restructured President's Budget for the Water Quality Medlun totals $63.7 million and 494.3
permanent workyears. This represents an increase of $3.7 million and 23.T permanent workyears from the
original 1981 President's Budget. The majority of this Increase is the result of transferring resources
from InterdlsclplInary (Technical Information, Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory); Drinking Water
(Monitoring Methods and Systems); and Energy (Technical Support).
The 1981 restructured President's Budget for the Drinking Water Medium totals $28.7 million and 153.1
permanent workyears. This represents an Increase of $T7? million and 13.6 permanent workyears from the
original 1981 President's Budget. This increase Is the result of transferring resources from Interdisciplinary
(Technical Information and Anticipatory); and Water Quality (Monitoring Methods and Systems).
The 1981 restructured President's Budget for the Solid Waste Medium totals $26.8 million and 73.4
permanent workyears. fhls represents an Increase of $350,200 and 4.4 permanent workyears from the original
1981 President's Budget. Ibis Increase Is the result of transferring resources from Interdisciplinary
(Technical Information, Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory).
The 1981 restructured President's Budget for the Pesticides Medium totals $10.1 million and 114.1
permanent workyears. This represents an Increase of $6I7,10(T antTTV.! permanent workyears.
This Increase Is the result of transferring resources from Interdisciplinary (Technical Information,
Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory).
The FY 1981 restructured President's Budget for the Radiation Medium totals $3.3 million and 33.4
permanent workyears. This represents an Increase of $78,000 and 0.3 permanent workyears from the
original 1981 President's Budget. A portion of this Increase Is the result of transferring resources
from Interdisciplinary (Technical Information).
SA-41
-------
Tabic 1
Research and Development
FY 81 President's IVidget
Summary by Media
Media Old Structure New Structure Difference
pru:
$(000)
PFTE
$(000)
PFTE
$(000)
Air
'408.0
70, 167. 4
'~51.8
73,823.6
+43.8
+3,656.2
Water Quality
'*71.2
60,021.9
494. 3
63,732.2
+ 23.1
+3,710.3
Drinking Water
139.5
27,446.1
153.1
28,693.3
+ 13.6
+1,247.2
Solid Waste
69.0
26,445.8
73. 4
26,796.0
+4.4
+350.2
Pesticides
103.0
9,435.8
114. 1
10,052.9
+ 11.1
+617.1
Radiation
33. 1
3,181.3
33 A
3,259.3
+. 3
+ 78.0
Interdisciplinary
160. 4
22,844. 1
30.1
6,300.2
-130.3
-16,543.9
Toxic Substances
155.3
36,895.0
187.1
00,384.8
+ 31.8
+3,489.8
Fncrgy
149.4
107,598.6
151.6
110,994.'#
+2.2
+•3,395.8
Program Management
87.3
4, 666.1
87.3
4,665.4
.0
-.7
Total
1,776.2
368,702.1
1,776.2
368,702.1
.0
.0
SA-4?
-------
riO'HlK 1
MAJOR MEDIA CHANGES
INTERDISCIPLINARY ACTIVITIES
ANTICIPATORY
ACID RAIN ENERGY - MULTI-MEDIA
TRANS a FATE, > TOXICS
& CANCER
CORE SUPPORT INTERMEDIA
FOR EXPLORATORY
RESEARCH
SCIENTIFIC i COMMITTEE DU's
ASSESSMENTS
TECH. INFORMATION » COMMITTEE DU's
REGIONAL SERVICES > COMMITTEE DU's
STAFF (FROM AIR & WATER)
MIRS (FROM PM&S > INTERMEDIA
WATER QUALITY » DRINKING WATER
MICROBIOLOGY/
RADIONUCLIDE
MEASUREMENTS
SA-13
-------
llie 1981 restructured President's Oudyet for the Interdlscjpl lnary_Medlum totals $6.3 million and
30.1 permanent workyears. this represents a decrease oTJPT.T) muTTon and 13U.3 permanent workyears
from the original 1981 President's Budget. This decrease reflects the transfer of resources to Air
(Technical Information, Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory); Water Quality (Technical Information,
Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory): Drinking Water (Technical Information, Scientific Assessment
and Anticipatory); Solid Waste (Technical Information, Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory);
Pesticides (Technical Information, Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory); Radiation (Technical
Information)j Toxic Substances (Technical Information, Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory);
and fnergy (Anticlp.Hory and Acid Rain).
The 1901 restructured President's Budget for the Toxic Substances Medium totals $10.4 million and 187.1
permanent workyears. This represents an increase of $7.T rnTIT Ion "and 31.8 permanent workyears from the
original 1981 President's Riidget. The majority of this Increase reflects the transfer of resources from
Interdisciplinary (Technical Information, Scientific Assessment and Anticipatory).
The 1981 restructured President's Budget for the Energy Medium totals $111.0 million and 151.6 permanent
workyears. This represents an increase of $3.4 million ano?7? permanent workyears from the original 1981
President's fludget. The majority of this Increase reflects the transfer of resources from Interdisciplinary
(Ant icipatory).
There is no change in the 1981 restructured President's Rudget for the Program Management Medium.
The derails of the crosswalk from the old budget structure to the new structure are presented in the
following table by program element, and within program element, by workyears and dollars.
SA-41
-------
OLD STUUCTUKE/NEW STUUCTUKE RESOURCE CH OSS WALK
Year: 1
39.1
18.5
6,617.3
C9XA1C
C9WA1C
C9YA1C
39.1
18.5
3,179.0
2,670.3
568.0
200.0
3,438.3
SA-1r>
-------
Ol.l) STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: 19HI
Medin: Air
DU/I'E: Ilo/ilth Effects-Criteria Pollutants
Media: Air
I'E: Health Effects (90A1A)
Old Structure
New Structure
I'E Code
AC2A1A
C02A1A
A110
FETE
28.1
28.1
OF IT I
fi.O
6.0
1(000)
2,305.8
4,499.4
6,865.2
l'E Code
A9(5 A1A
("9(5 A1A
I'FTE
28.1
O I'FTE
6.0
$(000)
2,365.8
4,499.4
6,865.2
SA-16
-------
OLD STHUCTUKK/NliW STIIUCTUKK HESOUHCE CROSSWALK
Year: 15181
Media: Air
DU/PE: 11 cat lit Effects - Non-Criteria Pollutants
Media: Air
PR: Monitoring Sys. & Quality Assurance (9FA1 A)
Monitoring Sys. Quality Assurance (AFAID)
Health Effects (ACJAID)
Health Effects (9KA1B)
Monitoring Sys. & Quality Assurance (9QA1B)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
A03A1A
C03A1A
A115
PETE
114.7
114.7
OPFTE
16.0
16.0
-jmr
6,499.8
9,800.0
16,359.8
PE Code
A9FA1A
AAFA1D
A AG A1D
A9KA1H
A9QA1B
CAGA1D
C9RA1B
PFTE
2.0
10.0
88.6
6.1
8.0
U4T7
OPFTE
12.8
3.2
16.0
K000F
6,154.8
345.0
6,499.8
6,832.2
3,027.8
9,860.0
SA-47
-------
OLD STHUCTUKE/NEW STHUCTUKE KESOUKCE CROSSWALK
Yeur: 1981
Media: Air
Medin: Air
DU/PE: Ecological Processes niul Effects
PL:
Environmental Processes and Effects
(DWA1A, DTA1D)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
PETE Ol'ETE $(000)
PL Code
PFTE OPFTE
$(000)
AU4A1A
C04AIA
A120
11.U 18.0 975.0
1,320.3
11.0 18.0 2,295.3
ADWA1A
ADTAII)
CDWA1A
CUT AI1J
6.5 10.4
4.5 7.6
11.0 18.0
568.5
406.5
975.0
766.0
554.3
1,320.3
SA-4B
-------
OLD STHUCTU HE/NEW S'l'HUCTU H E It E SOU K CECHOSSW A LK
Year: l'JHl
Media: Air
Medio: Air
•
PE:
F.nvironrncntnl Processes <5c Effects
(DWA1A, 9TA113, DTAID)
DU/PE: Transport and late
Old Structure
New Structure
Pli Code
PETE
opfte
$(000)
PE Code
PFTE OPFTE
$(000)
A05AIA
C05AIA
AI25
42.0
42.0
fi.O
fi.O
2,470.3
10,635.4
13,105.7
ADWA1A
A9TA1H
ADTAll)
15.5 2.5
3.0 -
23.5 3.5
42.0 6.0
925.2
154.2
1,390.9
2,470.3
CDWA1A
C9TA1B
CDTA1I)
4,132.8
195.8
6,306.8
10,635.4
SA-49
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTUHE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 15181
Medin: Air
IJU/PE: Industrial Processes
Media: Air
PE: Environmental Engineering & Technology
(9IIA1A, 9SAIH, All A1 D)
Old Structure
New Structure
C9NA1A
C9SA1B
CAIIA1L)
1'E Code
PETE
OP PTE
$(000)
PE Code
PETE
OP PTE
A06A1H
18.1
13.3
1,069.0
A9IIA1A
10.6
7.8
C06A1H
3,029.8
A9SAin
3.6
2.7
A128
18.1
13.3
4,098.8
AAHA1D
3.9
2.8
18.1
13.3
$(U0U)
627.0
214.2
227.8
1,069.0
1.773.7
605.5
650.6
3.029.8
SA-50
-------
OLD STKUCTUKE/NEVV STRUCTUHE KESOUKCE CHOSSWALK
Yenr: 19H1
Medin: Air
DU/PE: Chuniclcriz.nlioii nud Measurement Methods
Old Structure
PE Code
A07A1D
C 07 A ID
A130
PFI'E
61.2
61.2
OP PTE
2.6
2.6
$(000)
3.102.3
4,942.1
8.044.4
Media: Air
PIC: Envir. Processes nnd Effects
(DWA1A, 9TA1B, 9YA1C, DTAID)
Monitoring Sys. <5c Quality Assurance
(9QA1B, AFA1D, 9FA1A)
New Structure
ItoooT"
PE Code
PFTE
OP PTE
ADVVA1A
A9TA1B
A9YA1C
ADTA1D
A9QA1H
AAFA1D
11.0
3.0
11.2
13.0
10.5
12.5
61.2
1.6
1.0
2.6
534.6
145.8
544.3
759.8
510.3
607.5
3,102.3
CDWA1A
C9FA1A
C9TA1B
C9QA1B
C9YA1C
CDTAID
CAFA1D
839.8
31.0
920.2
978.7
455.7
707.2
1,009.5
4 942.1
SA-51
-------
OLD STUUCTUHE/NKW STKUCTUHE KESOUHCE CHOSSiVALK
Year: 1981
Media: Air
DU/PE: Monitoring Methods mid Systems
Media: Air
PR
Monitoring Sys, A Quality Assurance
(9QA1H, 9WA1C, 9FA1A, AFA1D)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
pi- te
OPl-'TE
i(ooo)
li Code
PFTE
OPFTE
A08A1I)
21.0
11.5
2,223.5
A9QA1B
4.0
0.8
C08A1I)
2,948.0
A9WA1C
5.1
3.6
A135
21.0
11.5
5,171.5
A9PA1A
2.3
4.0
AAFAU)
9.6
3.1
21.0
11.5
$(000)
328.3
595.0
367.0
933.2
C9QA1B
C9WA1C
CAFA1D
207.7
165.0
2,575.3
2,948.1)
SA-5?
-------
OLD STllUCTUHE/NEW STHUCTUHIi HESOUHCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: llJ81
Medin: Air
UU/PE: Quality Assurance
Old Structure
Media: Air
PI7,: Monitoring Sys. A Quality Assurnnce
(9QA1B, 9WA1C, 9FA1A, AFA1U)
New Structure
C9QA1D
C9WA1C
C9FA1A
CAFA1D
I'E Code
mi;
Ol'FTE
$(UUU)
I'E Code
I'lTE
Ol'FTE
AU9A11)
42.2
3.5
2,224.7
A9QA1D
6.4
1.2
CU9A1D
2,430.0
A9WA1C
1.2
—
A145
42.2
3.5
4,654.7
A9FA1A
3.6
0.2
AAFA1D
31.0
2.1
42.2
3.5
$(000)
370.1
58.4
185.0
1,011.2
2,224.7
493.2
35.6
121.0
1,780.2
til
SA-53
-------
OLD STHUCTU RE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: 1981
Media: Air
DU/I'E: Technical Support
Media: Air, Water Quality, Toxics, Radiation
PK: Monitoring Sys. & Quality Assurance
(9QA1D, 9WAIC, 9FA1A, AFA1H)
Technical Information & Liaison
(9EA1A, 9PAIH, 9VA1C, AEA1D,
CQL1A, CEF1A)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
AlOAlt)
C1UA1I)
A140
1'FTE
3U.6
30.6
OPFTE
6.3
6.3
$(0UU)
1,949.5
1,005.2
2,954.7
PE Code
A9QA1B
A9WA1C
A9FA1A
A AFA11)
A9EA1A
A9PA1B
A9VA1C
AAEA1I)
ACQL1A
ACEF1A
C9QA1B
C9WA1C
C9FA1A
CAFA1D
FFTE
10.8
.4
7.5
6.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
JO
OPFTE
3.1
2.4
0.8
6.3
$(000)
765.9
22.1
546.5
425.0
29.2
16.4
17.7
55.3
44.5
26.9
1,949.5
565.5
55.9
332.5
51.3
1,005.2
SA-54
-------
OLD STHUCTUHE/NEW STHUCTUHE KESOUltCE CROSSWALK
Year: 11)81 Medio: Water Quality
Media: Water quality l>E: Health Effects (AQB1A, AYB1B, BFD1C)
DU/l'E: Health Effects
Old Structure New Structure
I'E Code
1'FTE
Ol'ITE
$(000)
PE Code
l'FTE
OPFTE
$(000)
A27B1A
31.8
18.3
2,124.5
AAQB1A
13.5
9.0
891.9
C27BIA
5,032.8
AAYB1B
17.3
9.0
1,165.7
B103
31.8
18.3
7,157.3
ABFB1C
1.0
0.3
66.9
31.8
18.3
2,124.5
CAQBIA
2,638.9
CAYBIB
2,208.2
CBFB1C
185.7
5,032.8
SA-55
-------
OLD STHUCTUftE/NEW STHUCTUKE UESOUUCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Medin: IVulor (Quality
DU/PE: Tninsport and Fnte
Old Structure
PE Code
A28H1A
C28H1A
H100
8.7
8.7
OP F I E
6.6
6.6
$(000)
573.2
694.4
1,267.6
Media: Water Quality
PE: Environmental Processes and Effects (ARB1A)
New Structure
PE Code
AAHH1A
CARB1A
PFTE
8.7
OPFTE
6.6
$(000)
573.2
694.4
1,267.6
SA-56
-------
01,1) S'I'HUCTU HE/NEW STHUCTUHE HESOUHCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Water Quality
DU/PE: Chesapeake Hay
Media: Water Quality
PE: Chesapeake Bay Study (ASU1A)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
PETE
Ol'l'TE
$(000)
PE Code
PFTE
OP PTE
A291UA
6.4
4.3
409.7
AASB1A
6.4
4.3
C29B1A
2,503.3
CASB1A
B145
6.4
4.3
2,913.0
*(000)
409.7
2,503.3
2,913.0
SA-57
-------
OLD STUUCTU UK/NEW STHUCTUHE HESOUKCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1 i> R1
Media: Water equality
I>U/PK: (ircnl Lakes
Old Structure
Media: Water equality
PE: Great Lakes Study (ATRIA)
New Structure
PE Code
PPTE
OP PTE
$(000)
PE Code
PI- TE
OP PTE
A30R1A
7.0
6.3
945.0
AATRIA
7.0
6.3
C30BIA
654.5
CATRIA
H142
7.0
6.3
1,599.5
$(ooOT~
945.0
654.5
1,599.5
SA-5A
-------
OLD STKUCTUHE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 19 XI
Media: Water (Quality
DU/PE: Marine Ecological Effects
Media: Water Quality
PL: Environmental Processes <5c Effects (AII131 A)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
mji
OPFTE
$(000)
PL Code
PF'i'E
OPFTE
A31B1A
54.4
G2.4
2,860.7
AARH1A
54.4
62.4
C31R1A
445.1
CARIUA
Bl 12
54.4
62.4
3,305.8
$(OUO)
2.860.7
445.1
3.305.8
SA-59
-------
01,D STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yew: 19tt I
Medin: Wnter QunliLy
DU/I'E: Freshwnler Ecological Effects
Old Structure
Medio: Water Quality
PP.: Environmental Processes and Effects (ARB1A)
Monitoring Sys. <5r Quality Assurance (BEBIC)
New Structure
PE Code
PETE
OPF'l'E
$(000)
1'E Code
PETE
OPFTE
A32BI A
CD
CD
3G.9
3,916.7
AARB1 A
88.1
36.6
C32IU A
1 ,724.1
ABEB1C
—
.3
131J 5
88.1
36.9
5,640.8
CARB1A
88.1
36.9
$(UOU)
3,916.7
1,724.1
5,640.8
SA-60
-------
OLD STItUCTUUK/NI-VV STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yeor: l!'8l
Media: Wntrr Qunlity
DU/PE: Industriril Processes
Old Structure
Medio: Wflter Qunlity
PE: Envir. Engineering <5c Technology
(AZB1B, BGB1C)
New Structure
PE Code
PETE
OPl:TE
$(000)
PE Code
PFTE
OPFTE
$(000)
A33B1B
33.0
9.3
1,754.9
AAZB1B
4.5
2.0
270.0
C33B1B
9,162.8
ABGB1C
28.5
7.3
1,484.9
0118
33.0
9.3
10,917.7
33.0
9.3
1,754.9
CAZB1B
1,485.0
CBGBIC
7,677.8
9,162.8
SA-61
-------
Ol,0 STIiUCTU HE/NEW STKUCTUHIi HESOUHCE CHOSSWALK
Ycnr: l«J8t
Media: Water Quality
UU/l'E: |{(Miowul)le Resources
Media: Wntcr Quality
PE: Environmental Processes <5c Effects (ARHIA)
Old Structure
PL Code
A34IHH
HI 33
PFTE
10.0
10.0
UPFTE
$(000)
319.3
319.3
New Structure
PE Code
AARH1A
PFTE
10.0
OPFTE
$(000)
319.3
SA 62
-------
OLI) STRUCTU HE/NEW STHUCIUHE HESOUHCE CROSSWALK
Ycor: 1981
Media: Water Quality
DU/PE: Wastewater Systems
Medio: Water Quality
FE: Environmental Engineering <3c Tech. (AZB1B)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
FETE
OFFTE
$(00U)
FE Code
FETE
OPFTE
A 351)1 C
50.7
14.9
2,522.7
AAZnil)
56.7
14.9
C35H1C
4,275.2
CAzntn
B124
50.7
14.9
6,797.9
$(000)
2,522.7
4,275.2
6,797.9
SA-63
-------
OLD STRUCTUUK/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Water Quality
DU/PE: Urban Systems, Toxics
Media: Water Quality
PE: Environmental Engineering <5c Tech. (AZB1B)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
PETE
Ol'ETE
$(000)
PE Code
PFTE
OPFTE
A36BIC
55.1
3.2
2,315.2
AAZB1B
55.1
3.2
C36UtC
5,686.5
CAZB1B
B121
55.1
3.2
8,001.7
$(000)
2,315.2
5,686.5
8,001.7
SA-6-1
-------
OLD STKUCTU KE/N EW STH UCTIJ H E H ESQ UK CIS CROSSWALK
Yenr: 15)81
Media: Water (Quality
DU/PE: Characterization
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Water Quality
DU/PK: Monitoring Methods and Systems
Old Structure
PE Code
PFTE
Ol'FTE
$(000)
A38B1I)
60.3
18.4
3,009.9
C38BU)
1,135.2
B136
GO. 3
18.4
4,145.1
Medio: Water Quality, Drinking Water,
Pesticides, Solid Waste, Radiation
PE: Monitoring Sys.
-------
OLD STKUCTUUE/NEW STRUCTURE HESOUUCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Water Quality
DU/PE: Quality Assurance
Current Structure
Me
-------
OLD STKUCTU HE/NEW STKUCTUKE HESOUKCE CItOSSWAI.K
Yenr: 1981 Media: Water Quality
Media: VVutcr Quality PE: Monitoring Sys. & Quality Assurance
(AXHW, BEB1C, APH1A)
DU/PE: Technical Support
Old Structure New Structure
PL Code
PFTE
OP P'l'E
$(000)
PE Code
PFTE
OPFTE
$(000)
A40U1I)
9.0
10.4
773.0
AAXB1IJ
4.6
5.3
535.9
C40B1I)
389.1
ABF.B1C
.6
2.0
—
HI 30
9.0
10.4
1,162.1
AAPB1A
CAXB1B
CAPB1A
3.8
9.0
3.1
10.4
237.1
773.0
313.0
76.1
m.t
SA-6R
-------
OLD STIllJCTUKE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: 1981
Medio: Drinking Wnter
DU/PK: llcnlth Effects
Old Structure
PE Code
A60C1C
CG0C1C
C105
FT I B
52.0
52.U
OPFTE
20.9
20.9
$(000)
3.054.0
9.305.1
12,359.1
Medio: Drinking Wfller
PE: Ilenlth Effects (BMC1A)
New Structure
PE Code
ABMC1A
CBMC1A
PFTE
52.0
OPFTE
20.9
$(000)
3.054.0
9.305.1
12,359.1
SA-69
-------
OLD STRUCTUKIv/NHW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: 1981 Medin: Urinking Wnler
Medio: Drinking Water I*lit Envir. Engineeri^ & Technology (BNC1 A)
Environmental Processes and F.ffecls (BPC1A)
DU/l'E: 1)VV Treatment find (!roundw»iter
Old Structure New Structure
PE Code
I'FTE
O I'FTE
$(000)
PE Code
I'FTE
O I'FTE
$(000)
A61CIC
77.5
23.2
3,588.6
AUNCIA
ABPCIA
62.0
15.5
77.5
21.2
2.2
23.4
2.958.5
630.1
3.588.6
C61C1C
10,490.6
CBNC1A
CBI'CIA
9,220.7
1,269.9
10,490.6
CUO 77.5 23.2 14,079.2
SA-70
-------
OLD STHUCTUItE/NEW STUUCTUKE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: 1981
Medio: Drinking Water
DU/PK: Quality Assurance
Old Structure
PE Code
PFTE
OPFTE
$(000)
PE Code
PF'I'E
OPFTE
A62C1D
10.0
4.0
574.8
ADLC1A
10.0
4.0
C62C1D
433.0
CBLC1A
CI 15
10.0
4.0
1,007.8
Media: Drinking Water
PE: Monitoring Sys. & Quality Assurance (BLC1A)
New Structure
$(000)
574.8
433.0
1,007.8
SA-71
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOUKCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Solid Waste
DU/PE: Control Technology
Media: Solid Waste, Water Quality
PE: Envir. Engineering & Technology (BR 1)1 A)
Montoring Sys. & Quality Assurance (BSD1A)
Health Effects (BVD1A)
Enviro. Processes & Effects (BWD1A)
Scientific Assessments (BTD1A)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
PFTIi
OPE IE
A73DIC
69.0
19.8
C73D1C
DUO
69.0
19.8
~~$(00U)
3,883.6
22,562.2
20,445.8
PE Code
PFTE
OPETE
$(000)
ABRDIA
43.0
18.2
2,529.6
ABSD1A
18.0
—
940.0
ABVD1A
2.0
0.0
114.0
ABWD1A
3.5
1.0
190.0
ABTD1A
2.5
—
110.0
69.0
19.8
CBRD1A
17,070.2
C BSD1A
3,638.0
CBVD1A
630.0
CBWD1A
854.0
CBTD1A
370.0
22,562.2
SA-7 7
-------
Ol,L> STHUCTUKE/NEVV STHUCTURE ItESOUHCE CKOSSWALK
Year: 11)81
Media: Pesticides
DU/PH: 11cjiI tli Infects
Old Structure
PL Code
A86E1A
C86I- IA
E105
l'FTK
31.0
31.0
Ul'l- TH
12.3
12.3
$(OUO)
2,439.2
321.3
2,760.5
Media: Pesticides
PE: Health Kf feels (C A HI A)
New Structure
PE Code
ACAE1A
CCA El A
PF'l'E
31.0
OPF'l'E
12.3
"T[ouq7~
2,439.2
321.3
2,760.5
SA-73
-------
OliDSTHUCTU HE/NEW STHUCTUHE HESOUHCE CH OSS WALK
Year: 1981
Media: l>ostic?i
-------
()l,l) STIIUCTURK/NKW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1 !IH 1
Mcdin: Pesticides
DU/PE: Integrated Pest. Mgt.
Old Structure
PE Code
A88E1 H
C88E1H
E120
PFTE
OP PTE
$(000)
117.0
2,783.0
2,900.0
Medin: Pesticides
PI': Environmental Processes A Effects (CBE1A)
New Structure
PE Code
ACBE1A
CCBE1A
PF'I'E
OPFTE
$(000)
117.0
2,783.0
2,900.0
SA-75
-------
OLD STKUCTU HE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Pesticides
l)U/PE: Quality Assurance
Old Structure
PE Code
A8UE1D
C89E1!)
El 25
PETE
12.0
12.0
OP PTE
1.4
1.4
KouoT
517.4
48.0
5G5.4
Medio: Pesticides
PE: Monitoring Sys. & Quality Assurance (BZE1A)
New Structure
PE Code
ABZK1A
CBZE1A
PFTE
12.0
OP1TE
1.4
$(000)
517.4
48.0
56577
SA-7fi
-------
OLD ST11UCTU HE/NEW STHUCTUHE ItESOUHCE CROSSWALK
Year: I'JRl
Mcdin: Pesticides
DU/PE: Exposure Assessment
Media: Pesticides
PR: Environmental Processes and Effects (CURIA)
Old Structure
PE Code
A8PE1A
C8PE1A
El 30
PETE
11.0
11.0
OPFTE
$(000)
403.9
383.6
787.5
PE Code
ACHEIA
CCBEIA
New Structure
PETE
11.0
OPFTE
$(000)
403.9
383.6
787.5
SA-77
-------
OLD STHUCTUIUi/NEW STHUCTUHli RKSOUHCK CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Radiation
DU/l'K: Health I-ffoots
Old Structure
PE Code
PFTF
Ol'FTIi
$(oouT
Media: Radiation
I'K: Health Bffects (CGF1A)
New Structure
PI- Code
PFTE
OPFTE
$(000)
A98F1A 28.1
C98FIA
F105 28.1
5.5 1,550.9
1,433.3
5. 5 2,990.2
ACCiFl A 28.1
CCC.F1A
5.5 1,556.9
1,433.3
2,990.2
SA-7R
-------
OIJ) STKIM'TUHE/NEW STIIUCTUHE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yonr: 15)81
Media: Hfidintinn
DU/l'E: Quality Assurance
Media: Radiation
I'E*. Monitoring Sys. A Quality Assurance (CFFIA)
Old Structure
PE Code
A7VVFII)
F110
PFTE
5.0
5.0
Ol'FTE
Kooo)
191.1
191.1
New Structure
l'E Code
ACFF1A
PFTE
5.0
OPFTE
$(000)
191.1
5A-79
-------
OLL) STHUCTUHE/NKVV STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Interdisciplinary
DU/PE: Anticipatory IUVI)
Old Structure
PE Code
PETE
OPETE
A1MH1E
57.7
23.4
CI Mil IE
11105
57.7
23.4
""TfouoT
3,433.2
11,312.U
14,745.2
Media: Indisciplinnry
PE: Environmental Processes & Effects
(BPC1A, CVL1A, IHVA1A, 9TAIB,
DTA1I), ARB1A)
Monitoring Sys. & Quality Assurance
(DSI)l A, CH LI A)
Health Effects (CSIJA, 9RA1H, AGA1I),
AQB1A, AVBlA, BMC1A, BVD1A, CAE1A)
Acid Rain (CVN1A)
Exploratory Research Core Program (CHH1A)
New Structure
PE Code
PETE
OPETE
$(000)
ARPC1A
4.0
169.2
ABSD1A
—
8.0
—
ACRL1A
9.0
—
380.7
ACSL1A
2.0
—
84.6
ACUL1A
15.6
4.9
232.2
ACVNIA
3.0
—
126.9
ACHH1A
24.1
10.5
2,439.6
M.i
23.4
3,433.2
CDWA1A
50.0
C9HAJD
25.0
C9TAIB
150.0
CAUA1I)
75.0
CDTAll)
200.0
CAQB1A
25.0
CAR BIB
900.0
CAYBIA
25.0
CBMCIA
75.0
CBPC1A
450.8
CBVDIA
100.0
CCAE1A
75.0
CCR 1,1 A
630.3
CCSL1A
1,065.4
CCUMA
744.8
CCVN1A
073.1
,.647.6
-------
OIA) STH UCTUHE/NEW STHIKTUHE KESOUHCE CHOSSVYALK
Ycnr: 1
-------
OLD STKUCTU HE/NEW STUUCTUKE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Medin: Inlcrdiscplitinry
Medin: lntcrdisciplinnry
PE: Technical Infor motion & Liaison
(9EA1 A, 9PA1B, 9VA1C, AEAll),
ANB1A, AWBIB,
BORIC, BKC1A,
DU/PE: Technical Information
BUD1A, BY El A,
CEl'l A, CQL1A,
CXN1A)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code PI I E OPF'I'E
$(000)
PE Code
PETE
OPFTE
$(000)
A1NII1D 30.4 24.0
2, 265.0
A9EA1A
2.5
2.0
189.6
CI NII11)
390.0
A9PA1B
1.2
.9
85.4
11115 30.4 24.0
2,655.0
A9VA1C
. G
.5
47.3
AAEA1L)
5.0
3.9
371.2
AANBlA
2.7
2.1
197.5
A Awnin
4.3
3.3
316.0
ABDB1C
2.1
1.7
157.9
ABKC1A
2.6
2.1
197.3
ABUD1A
2.1
1.7
157.9
ABYE1A
.6
.5
47.3
ACEF1A
.3
.3
23.8
ACQL1A
3.2
2.5
236.9
ACXN1A
3.2
2.5
236.9
30.4
24.0
2,265.0
SA-8Z
-------
OLD STRUCTUHli/NEVV STRUCTURE RESOURCE CHOSSWALK
Year: 1981
Medin: Interdisciplinary Continued
DU/PE: Technical Information
Old Structure
PE Code PFTK OPFTE $(000)
Media: Interdisciplinary
PE:
Technical Information <5c Liaison
(9EA1A, 9PA1B, 9VA1C, AEA1I),
ANB1A, AWH1B, BDIHC, BKC1A,
BUD I A, BYF.IA, CKFiA, CQL1A, CXN1A)
New Structure
PE Code
PFTE OPFTE $(000)
C9EA1A
13.8
C9PA1B
6.2
C9VA1C
3.4
CAF.A1D
27.0
CAN1J1A
14.4
CAWB1B
248.0
CBURIC
11.5
CBKC1A
14.4
CBUD1A
11.5
CBYE1A
3.5
CCEFIA
1.7
CCQL1A
17.3
CCXN1A
17.3
390.0
SA-B3
-------
OLD STHIKTUHE/NKW STUIK TUUE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Medio: Interdisciplinary
DU/PE: Environmental Workforce Development
Old Structure
PE Code
A7YI11D
11125
PETE
6.0
6.0
OPETE
.7
.7
"floooT
212.3
212.3
Media: Interdisciplinary
PE: Notional Env. Workforce (DVHIA)
New Structure
PE Code
ADVII1A
I'FTE
6.0
OPFTE
.7
$(000)
212.3
SA-R4
-------
OU> STHUCTUIUi/NIiVV STHUCTUKK HKSOUKCE CIIOSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Toxic Substances
DU/l'li: Health Effects
Old Structure
PE Code
A1TL1A
C1TL1A
A1WLIA
C1WL1A
L105
I'FTE
46.2
3.0
49.2
opete
0.0
6.0
$(000)
3,675.3
12,473.0
1 ,219.1
193.0
1,219.1
17,560.4
Media: Toxic Substances
i'E: Health Effects (CSU A)
Stratospheric Modification (CML1A)
NCTH (CNL1A)
PE Code
ACSL1A
ACML1A
CCSL1A
CCNL1A
CCML1A
New Structure
PETE
46.2
3.0
OPFTE
6.0
$(000)
3,675.3
193.0
7,973.0
4.500.0
1.219.1
SA-ns
-------
01,1) STKUCTU it IS/NEW STRUCTUKIi HHSOUHCE CUOSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Toxic Substances
DU/PE: Industrial Processes
Old Structure
PE Code
AIY L113
CIYL1H
LI 10
i'i-ri:
11.5
11.5
OPl'TE
2.7
2.7
*(0»U)
614.2
1,157.5
1,771.7
Media: Toxic Substances
PE: Envir. Engineering <5c Technology (CTMA)
New Structure
PE Code
ACTL1A
CCTL1A
PF IE
11.5
OPl'TE
2.7
$(00U)
614.2
1,157.5
1,771.7
SA-36
-------
OI.IJ STHUCTUKE/NKW STIIUCTUK
!• RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1U81
Media: Toxic Substances
Media: Toxic Substances
PE:
Environmental Processes nnd Effects (CUL1A)
Monitoring Sys. 6e Quality Assurance (CRL1A)
DU/PE: Characterization and Measurement Methods
Old Structure
New Structure
PL Code
ITTE OPFTE $(000)
PE Code
PETE OPFTE
$(000)
A1ZL1IJ
C1ZL1I)
LI 15
8.4 2.0 381.1
574. t
8.4 2.0 955.2
ACUL1A
ACR LI A
CCUL1A
CCRL1A
5.4 1.0
3.0 1.0
8.4 2.0
234.7
146.4
381.1
203.0
371.1
574.1
SA-07
-------
OLD STKUCTUItE/NEVV STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
.... 15)151
Media: Toxic Substances
DU/PE: Technical Support
Old Structure
Media: Toxic Substances, Energy, Radiation
PE: Monitoring Sys.
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yeur: 1981
Media: Toxic Substances
DU/PE: Ecological F.ffeels
Media: Toxic Substances
PE: Environmental Processes & Effects (CUL1A)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
A1UL1A
C1UL1A
LI 30
PI I E
OPFTE
2.6
2.6
$(000)
3,141.4
8,158.1
11,299.5
PE Code
ACUL1A
CCUL1A
PFTE
43.5
OPFTE
2.6
$(000)
3,141.4
8,158.1
11,299.5
SA-B9
-------
OLD STHUCi Uin:/Ni:vv STHUCTUHE HKSOUHCE CROSSWALK
Ycur: 1981 Medio: Toxic Substances
Media: Toxic Substances PH: Environmental Processes and Effects (CUL1A)
DU/PE: Transport and Fate
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
A1VL1A
C1VL1A
L135
PFTE
24.7
24.7
OPFTE
11.0
11.0
$(000)
1,361.9
1,654.8
3,016.7
PE Code
AC U LI A
CCUL1A
PFTE
24.7
OPFTE
11.0
$(000)
1,361.9
1,654.8
3,016.7
SA-90
-------
OIJ) STHUCTUItR/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Medio: Energy
Media: Energy
PE:
Energy Envir. Eng.
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Medin: Energy
DU/PE: Fuel Extraction - Energy
Old Structure
PE Code
PETE
OP PTE
$(0U0)
Medin: Energy
PE: Municipal Spills Energy (AUN1K)
Envir. Engineering and Technology (BBN1G)
New Structure
PE Code
PFTE
OPFTE
$(000)
A2HN1E
19.0
12.9
1,056.8
AAUN1K
5.0
2.6
250.8
C2HN1E
1,920.3
ABBN1G
14.0
10.3
806.0
N110
19.0
12.9
2,977.1
19.0
12.9
1,056.8
CAUN1K
361.7
CBBN1G
1,558.6
1,920.3
SA-q?
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yenct 1981
Medin: Energy
Meclin; Energy
PE: Envir. Engineering <5c Technology (9KN1C
BBN1G,BQN1H, CZN1A)
DU/PE: Environmentnl Assessment of Conventionnl
and Advanced Energy Systems
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
PETE
OPFTE
$(000)
PE Code
PETE
OPFTE
A2JNIE
24.3
8.2
1,644.7
A9KN1C
7.0
2.5
C2JN1E
10,305.8
ABBN1G
1.0
.7
N120
24.3
8.2
11,950.5
ABQN1H
1.0
.8
ACZN1A
15.3
4.2
24.3
6.2
$(000)
480.7
86.2
91.0
986.8
1,644.7
C9KN1C
CRBNIO
CBQN1H
CCZN1A
3,161.3
913.8
1,098.0
5,132.7
10,305.8
SA-93
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: 1UBI
Medin: Energy
DU/I'E: Rue (Jus Sulpluir Oxide (Control
Old Structure
Medin: Energy
PE: Energy Envir. Eng.
-------
OLD STHUCTU HE/NEW STHUCTUHE HESOUHCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: 1981
Medio: Energy
DU/PE: Nitrogen Oxide Control
Old Structure
Medin: Energy
PE: Energy Env. Eng. & Tech. (9BN1B)
New Structure
PE Code
PETE
01' FIE
$(0U0)
PE Code
PFTE
OPFTE
i(ooo)
A2LN1E
19.9
9.9
1,514.0
A9DN1B
19.9
9.9
1,514.0
C2LN1E
10,970.2
C913N1H
10,970.2
N130
19.9
9.9
12,484.2
12,484.2
SA-°5
-------
OLD STHUCTUHE/NEW STHUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: llJ81
Medio: Energy
DU/PE: Flue (Jus Particulate Control
Old Structure
Medio: Energy
PE: Energy Env. Eng. & Tech. (A AN ID)
New Structure
PE Code
PFTE
OP PTE
$(000)
PE Code
PFTE
Ol'FTE
A2MN1E
15.0
6.6
1,128.6
AAAN1I)
15.0
6.6
C2MN1E
6,911.4
CAAN1D
N135
15.0
6.6
8,040.0
$(000)
1,128.6
6,911.4
8,040.0
SA-95
-------
oi.D structure/new s*
IRUCTURE RESOURC
:ii CROSSWALK
Year: I'J8I
Medio: Energy
Mcdin: Energy
PE:
Energy Euv. Processes & Effects
(9CN1B, ABN1I), AKN1E, CLN1J,
DAN1A)
DU/PE: Trnnsport, Fnte unci Effects of Energy
Hclnte(J Pollutnnts
Old Structure
New Structure
Pli Code PFTK OPFTE $(000)
I'li Code
PFTE OPFTE
$(000)
A2NN1E 3.5 13.8 902.2
C2NN1F. 13,765.1
N140 3.5 13.8 14,667.3
A9CN1B
AABN1D
AAKN1E
ACLN1J
ADAN1A
C9CN1R
CABNII)
CAKN1E
CCLN1J
CIMNIA
.1 .4
.5 1.7
2.0 7.9
.2 .9
.7 2.9
3.5 13.8
26.1
114.0
516.8
57.4
187.9
902.2
378.9
1,652.3
7,924.2
936.6
2,873.1
13,765.1
SA-97
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Year: 1981
Media: Energy
DU/PE: Atmospheric Transportation & Transformation
of Energy Rein ted Pollutants
Old Structure
PE Code
PFTE
OPFTE
A2PN1E
3.0
4.0
C2PN1E
N145
3.0
4.0
$(000)
224.C
7,395.3
7,619.9
Medio: Energy
PE:
PE Code
Energy Health Effects
(9JN1C, CYN1A)
Energy Envir. Processes & Effects
(ABN1D, DAN1 A)
Energy Monitoring System Instrumentation Dev.
(ACN1D)
Acid Rain (CVN1A)
New Structure
PFTE
OPFTE
A9JN1C
—
.3
AABN1D
.8
3.2
ACYN1A
—
—
ADAN1A
.4
.5
AACN1D
.2
—
ACVNlA
1.6
—
3.0
4.0
$(000)
123.9
28.7
72.0
224.6
CADNID
CCYN1A
CCVN1A
3,046.0
971.3
3,378.0
7,395.3
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yenr: 1981
Media: Energy
DU/PE: Measurement System & Instrumentation
Development for Energy Related Pollutants
Old Structure
Media: F.nergy
PE: Energy Envir. Processes
-------
OLD STRUCTURE/NEW STRUCTURE RESOURCE CROSSWALK
Yean 1981
Medio: Energy
DU/PE: Health Effects
Medio: Energy
PE: Energy Health Effect
(9AN1B, 9JN1C,
92Nil), DUN1F, CKN1J, CYN1A)
Energy Envir. Engineering & Technology
(AAN1D)
Old Structure
New Structure
PE Code
PETE
OP PTE
$(000)
PE Code
PFTE
OPFTE
A2RN1E
2.0
3.7
145.6
A9AN1B
0.2
0.2
C2RN1E
18,245.3
A9JN1C
0.2
0.3
N155
2.0
3.7
18,390.9
A9ZN1D
0.3
0.6
ADUN1F
0.3
0.5
ACKNIJ
.5
1.2
ACYN1A
.5
.9
27U
3.7
$(000)
10.2
12.8
23.0
20.5
43.4
35.7
ISO
C9AN1D
C9JN1C
C9ZN1D
CDUN1F
CCKN1.J
CCYN1A
CAAN1U
1.391.8
1,504.5
2,730.7
2,639.5
5.791.9
3,187.1
1,000.0
18,245.3
SA-100
-------
OI,U Silt UCIU III-/NliW STUUCTUItlv kksuuiicisciiosswalk
YcnrslOBI
Medlru MiiiiiiijriiHMil/.Supporl
iJU/ri't l'ro|',rmn Mnnri|;em
------- |