Implementation Status Report for EPA Actions
under the December 2018 Federal Action Plan
to Reduce Childhood Lead Exposures
and Associated Health Impacts
APRIL 2019

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VISION
The United States will become a place where children, especially
those in vulnerable communities, live, learn and play protected
from the harmful effects of lead exposure.
EPA PUBLICATION NUMBER: 100-R-19-003

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INTRODUCTION
Since the 1970s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its federal, state, tribal and
local governmental partners have made tremendous progress in reducing children's lead exposures
and lead-related health risks. EPA efforts to reduce lead exposures and prevent lead poisoning
include a wide range of activities such as funding for community interventions and outreach,
education and training, surveillance and regulation and enforcement.
Blood lead levels have fallen dramatically in the United States due to the promulgation,
implementation and enforcement of laws and regulations aimed at reducing lead exposure. The
largest declines in blood lead levels occurred from the 1970s to the 1990s following the elimination
of lead in motor-vehicle gasoline, the ban on lead paint for residential use, removal of lead from
solder in food cans and bans on the use of lead pipes and plumbing fixtures. Figure 1 depicts the
timeline for major actions to prevent lead poisoning and reductions in mean blood lead levels
(micrograms per deciliter (pg/dL)) among children ages 1 to 5 years from 1972 to 2012.
Studies Demonstrate Lead Poisoning Prevention Policies
Impact Mean Blood Levels among Children in U.S., 1972-2012
1.2%>10
Hg/dL
Lead gasoline
phase-out 1973
Lead and Copper Rule 1991
Safe Drinking
Water Act
1974
Lead in plumbing banned
1986
Ban of lead solder
in food cans
1995
Lead-based
Paint Poisoning
Prevention Act
1971
Residential Lead-Based
Paint Hazard Reduction Act
1992
Renovation, Repair and
Painting Rule
(Lead Paint) 2008
Housing units with lead
based paint hazards
reduced by 40% since
1990
Total lead in children's
products limited to
100ppm
2011
Lead limit in
residential &
decorative paint &
on children's products:
600 ppm
1978
Lead limit in residential &
decorative paint & on children's
products reduced to 90 ppm
2009
Lead Contamination Control Act
(Drinking Fountains) 1988
Virtual elimination of lead in
gasoline 1988
'72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12
Figure 1: Source - Adapted from https://ptfteh.niehs.nih.aov/features/assets/files/key federal programs to reduce childhood lead exposures and
eliminate associated health impactspresidents 508.pdf and Brown MJ and Falk H. Toolkit for establishing laws to control the use of lead paint. Module C.iii.
Conducting blood lead prevalence studies. Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint (2017)
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) has stated that no safe blood lead level
in children has been identified and in 2012 set
a reference level of 5 pg/dL as an elevated
level for children. Despite the overall decline
of blood lead levels over time, lead exposure
remains a significant public health concern
for some children because of persistent lead
hazards in their environment. Childhood lead
exposure is especially prevalent in many
communities that represent the lowest income
and most diverse populations with significant
cumulative environmental risk from pollution.
EPA, along with the Department of Health
and Human Services (HHS), co-chaired the
development of the December 2018 Federal Action Plan to Reduce Childhood Lead Exposures and
Associated Health Effects (Federal Lead Action Plan) through cross-governmental collaboration of
the President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children, which includes
17 federal departments and offices.
The Federal Lead Action Plan focuses on reducing sources of lead exposures, expanding efforts
to identify children in high risk communities for targeting intervention and services, enhancing risk
communication efforts and advancing the scientific understanding of multi-media lead exposures
and their relationship to blood lead levels.
The Federal Lead Action Plan outlined four interconnected goals with supporting priority actions:
Goal 1:
Reduce Chi dren's Exposure to Lead Sources

Goal 2:
Identify Lead-Exposed Children and Improve Their Health
Outcomes
•
Goal 3:
Communicate More Effectively with Stakeholders
•
Goal 4:
Support and Conduct Critical Research to Inform Efforts to
Reduce Lead Exposures and Related Health Risks
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EPA ACTIVITIES UNDER THE FEDERAL LEAD ACTION PLAN
As EPA works with its partners to better coordinate activities and implement the overall federal effort
to reduce childhood lead exposures and associated health impacts, the Agency is continuing its
efforts to reduce lead exposures as described under the following actions.
The goal of this document is to outline the activities that the Agency is conducting under the Federal
Lead Action Plan. Other federal partners are working to implement their actions as articulated in
the Federal Lead Action Plan. Appendix 1 is a summary of current accomplishments and next steps
under the EPA-led actions. EPA will update Appendix 1 on a regular basis and will post it on its
website to inform the public of progress in accomplishing the actions.
This report is not a budget document and does not imply approval for any specific action under
Executive Order 12866 or the Paperwork Reduction Act. It will inform future federal budget and
regulatory development processes within the context of the goals articulated in the President's
Budget. Ail activities included in the report are subject to budgetary constraints, interagency
processes, stakeholder input and other approvals, including the weighing of priorities and available
resources by the Administration in formulating its annual budget and by Congress in legislating
appropriations. In some cases, activities in the report require a multi-year effort by federal, state,
tribal and community partners.
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Goal 1: REDUCE CHILDREN'S EXPOSURE TO LEAD SOURCES
EPA is committed to reducing lead exposures from multiple sources
including: paint, water, ambient air and soil and dust contamination,
especially among children who are the most vulnerable to the effects of
lead. EPA is the principal agency for multiple Goal 1 actions identified
below and will continue to coordinate with federal, state, tribal and
community partners to amplify the impact of these actions.
Objective LI. Reduce Children's Exposure in
Homes and Child-Occupied Facilities with Lead-
Based Paint Hazards
Reducing exposure to lead paint in old housing continues to offer
the potential to significantly decrease blood lead levels in the largest
number of children. It is important that a focus on structures include homes and locations outside
the home where young children spend significant amounts of time, such as child care settings and
schools (EPA, 2008).
EPA Actions:
•	Consider revisions, as appropriate, to the dust-lead hazard standards to address childhood
exposures to lead-contaminated dust generated from lead-based paint.
•	In June 2018, the Agency proposed to strengthen the dust-lead hazard standards for
floors and window sills. These standards apply to most pre-1978 housing and child-
occupied facilities, such as daycare centers and kindergarten facilities. Lead dust can
be a major source of lead exposure in children and the new proposed standards for
lead in dust will be an important step to reduce lead exposure among children. EPA
plans to issue a final rule by summer 2019.
•	Continue to implement regulations and other relevant authorities that require individuals and
firms conducting lead-based paint abatement, risk assessment or inspection to be properly
trained and certified, training programs to be accredited and these activities to be conducted
according to reliable, effective and safe work practice standards.
•	In 2018, EPA awarded 17 grants nationwide under the Environmental Workforce
Development and Job Training Program to train and certify adults in courses related to
hazardous and solid waste management, preparing unemployed and underemployed
adults for jobs in the environmental field, including lead abatement. By 2020, 108
students from two programs will be trained and state-certified in lead abatement.
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• Increase the number (or percentage) of certified renovation firms capable of providing
lead-safe renovation, repair and painting services through targeted outreach campaigns
to contractors; continue to provide a nationwide list of certified renovation firms on EPA's
website.
•	EPA regularly works with individuals and firms to reduce lead hazards by ensuring they
are certified under the Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Rule and trained to
use lead-safe work practices. Learn more at: https://www.epa.aov/lead/renovation-
repair-and-paintina-proaram.
•	EPA routinely updates the list of certified renovation firms on its website. Find a firm:
https://cfpub.epa.gov/f1pp/pub/index.cfm?do=main.firmSearch.
•	EPA completed planning for a lean pilot project in six cities to increase the number
of RRP Certified firms and trained contractors. The EPA will continue to provide
outreach events aimed specifically at reaching contractors by working with building
code officials, hardware stores and industry trade associations and hold at least one
outreach event at each of the six cities to reach contractors.
Objective 1.2. Reduce Exposure to Lead from Drinking Water
Under the LCR, water systems must work
with their customers to collect tap samples
from locations with lead service lines and/
or leaded plumbing materials. The LCR
requires water systems that are not able
to limit lead ievels below EPA's action
level for lead in water of 15 pg/liter by
optimizing corrosion treatment to replace
service lines that are made of lead and
conduct public education. Progress in
reducing lead exposures has resulted, in
part, from improving implementation of
and compliance with the current LCR (EPA,
2018c).
In 1991, the EPA promulgated the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) under the Safe Drinking Water Act, to
minimize lead and copper levels in drinking water. Recognizing that no safe level of lead in drinking
water had been identified, the LCR set a non-enforceable health-based maximum contaminant
level goal of zero for lead and requires a
treatment technique to reduce lead levels to
the extent feasible.
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EPA Actions:
•	Revise the LCR based on input EPA recently received from state, tribal and local partners
as public comments, as well as the best available peer reviewed science, to ensure the rule
reflects the best ways to improve public health protection and reduce levels of lead in drinking
water.
•	EPA continued analysis to support preparation of a proposal for revisions to the LCR
and supporting technical documentation.
•	EPA plans to propose revisions to the LCR by summer 2019.
•	Enhance implementation of the LCR by engaging with state, tribal, local and other
stakeholders to identify implementation challenges, best practices and tools to address these
challenges.
•	EPA conducted approximately 30 in-person trainings across the country in all 10
EPA Regions over the last two years including a full-day training on optimal corrosion
control treatment to improve compliance and reduce lead exposure at the tap through
successful implementation of corrosion control treatment. The training provided
participants including states, technical assistance providers and water utility operators,
an opportunity to work through case studies, analyze actual water system data and
participate in interactive activities.
•	In August 2018, EPA hosted the National Drinking Water Workshop with 400
participants in attendance. This workshop included multiple sessions on lead testing,
lead service line replacement and other LCR topics. It also included a 2-hour
discussion between states, EPA, academia experts and workshop participants on key
issues and implementation challenges related to the LCR.
•	In March 2019, EPA hosted the first in a series of webinars on Lead Service Line
Replacement. This series showcases best practices for states and utilities implementing
a voluntary lead service line replacement program. March's webinar included
speakers from Washington State Department of Health and D.C. Water.
•	EPA HQ and all 10 EPA regions met regularly to discuss LCR challenges and strengthen
implementation nationwide. This effort includes quarterly reviews of lead exceedance
data and system violations reported to the Safe Drinking Water Information System
(SDWIS).
•	Assist schools and child care centers with the 3Ts approach (Training, Testing and Taking
Action) to reduce lead in drinking water and increase the number of schools and child care
centers that test and provide parents with information on how to minimize children's exposure
to lead in drinking water.
•	In October 2018, EPA released an updated 3Ts for Reducing Lead in Drinking Water
document, which introduces the new 3Ts — Training, Testing and Taking Action. The
revised version is available in an interactive web-format and includes modules,
customizable templates and tools that can help schools and child care facilities when
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implementing their lead testing programs.
To improve communication with community
members and parents, EPA has added
an additional communication tool in
27 languages (Translations for English
Instructions). Learn more at: https://www.
epa.gov/safewater/3Ts.
•	To continue to encourage reduction
programs for lead in drinking water, EPA
worked with states, utilities and local
organizations to showcase efforts across the
country and added additional case studies
to the Leaders in Reducing Lead in Drinking
Water map. Since 2018, EPA has hosted
five webinars to describe the 3Ts toolkit
and provide information on the Water
Infrastructure Improvement for the Nation
(WIINj Act grants.
•	Finalize regulatory changes to the definition of
lead-free plumbing products and make other
conforming changes to implement the Reduction
of Lead in Drinking Water Act and the Community Fire Safety Act enacted by Congress.
The final regulation is expected to result in fewer sources of lead in drinking water by
implementing new standards for lead content in plumbing materials used in new installations
and repairs.
•	EPA published a proposed regulation for Implementing Section 1417 of the Safe
Drinking Water Act entitled "Use of Lead Free Pipes, Fittings, Fixtures, Solder and Flux
for Drinking Water," for public review and comment. The proposed regulation would
modify the definition of lead-free plumbing products (e.g., pipes, fittings and fixtures)
to conform to the statute enacted by Congress that prohibits a lead content level above
0.25 percent of the wetted surfaces. The proposal also includes other requirements that
will ensure plumbing fixtures meet the new "lead free" definition.
•	EPA is considering comments on the proposed rule to inform final and conduct
additional analysis to support preparation of a final rule by winter 2019-2020.
•	Collaborate with states and tribes to provide opportunities for low- interest loans and grants
through the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and the Water Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation Act loan program for updating and replacing drinking water infrastructure.
•	in fiscal year 2018, EPA invited 39 projects in 16 states and D.C. to apply for Water
Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) loans. Together, the selected
borrowers will receive WIFiA loans totaling approximately $5 billion to help finance
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over $10 biilion in water infrastructure investments and create up to 155,000 jobs.
A description of the projects is found at: https:/ Avww.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-
invites-39-projects-applv-wifia-loans-flnance-10-billion-water-infrastructure.
•	EPA's WIFIA loans will allow large and small communities across the country
to implement projects to address two national water priorities - providing for
clean and safe drinking water including reducing exposure to lead and other
contaminants and addressing aging water infrastructure.
•	EPA prioritized projects that address lead and emerging contaminants in the
2018 selection round and invited a number of projects that accomplish this
purpose to apply for WIFIA financing.
• Implement three newly authorized grant programs under the Water Infrastructure
Improvements for the Nation Act, for which Congress appropriated $50 million in FY2018,
to fund grants to small and disadvantaged communities for developing and maintaining
infrastructure, for lead reduction projects and to support the voluntary testing of drinking
water in schools and childcare centers. These programs decrease exposure to lead in drinking
water by providing financial incentives to test, educate and replace infrastructure.
•	EPA sent out letters to state governors announcing the Lead Testing in Schools and
Child Care Programs Drinking Water grant authorized by the WIIN Act. At the
beginning of 2019, EPA received letters from all 50 states and the District of Columbia
confirming their commitment to reducing lead in drinking water in schools and to
participate in this new grant.
EPA expects to notify states and the District of Columbia of funding allotments for the
Lead Testing in School and Child Care Programs Drinking Water Grant in March 2019.
EPA will host webinars for states on the new grant guidance.
•	EPA is conducting the tribal consultation on the Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water
Grant authorized by the WiiN Act through the end of March 2019.
Objective 1.3. Reduce Exposure to Lead in Soil
Lead can be a relatively common soil contaminant as a
result of past and current human activity or uses (i.e., lead
paint deposited in surface soil) and natural occurrence
(ATSDR, 2017; EPA, 2017). Young children often have
higher rates of soil and dust ingestion because of their
unique behaviors such as crawling and hand/object-
to-mouth contact (Task Force, 2016). As such, children
who play in areas near former mining and smelting sites,
manufacturing facilities, processing plants, landfills and
buildings with exterior lead-based paint may be exposed
through incidental ingestion of small amounts of soil or soil-
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derived indoor dust (ATSDR, 2017), Soil, near roadways
(Mielke et a!., 2013) and in yards, playgrounds, gardens
and elsewhere in the community may also be a source of
exposure. Contaminated soil can also be tracked into the
home.
EPA Actions:
• Manage lead contamination at Superfund,
RCRA Corrective Action and other sites to reduce
exposure to community residents.
•	EPA reduced exposure to community members by continual efforts to manage
1,212 Superfund sites with lead as a contaminant of concern to reduce exposures to
community residents.
•	EPA has completed eight consultations at Superfund lead sites in fiscal year 2019.
Consultations entail review and exchange of information on key response decisions
to promote national consistency in decision-making at Superfund lead sites across the
country.
•	Continue to reduce childhood exposures to lead in soils through removal, remedial and
corrective actions at contaminated sites and reduce lead soil exposures to the most sensitive
community residents.
•	EPA conducted removal actions at 49 sites with lead as a contaminant of concern.
•	Continue to support the evaluation of lead exposure at contaminated sites and identify ways
to protect the public's health.
•	EPA controlled human exposure at one additional Superfund site.
•	Research is being conducted to improve the Agency's understanding of the degree
to which Superfund cleanups may lower biood lead levels at a wider range of lead
contaminated sites. EPA's National Center for Environmental Economics and Office of
Land and Emergency Management have compiled a dataset that links two decades of
blood lead level measurements from children in six states with EPA data on the location
and characteristics of Superfund sites, as well as other determinants of lead exposure.
The investigation uses advanced statistical methods to identify the relationship between
proximity to Superfund cleanups and rates of elevated blood lead levels.
The research indicates that Superfund cleanup lowered the risk of elevated blood
lead levels by roughly 8 to 18% for children living within 2 kilometers (1.24 miles)
of a Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) site where lead is a contaminant of
concern. Learn more at https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/research-
environmental-economics-ncee-working-paper-series.
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•	EPA will continue to provide guidance for project managers addressing lead-
contaminated residential sites, from initial site investigation to cleanup level selection,
prevention of recontamination and community health education programs.
•	EPA will continue to offer technical assistance to brownfield communities to identify
best management practices and potential funding opportunities.
Objective 1.4. Reduce Exposure to Lead Associated with Emissions
to Ambient Air
As a result of several regulatory actions over the past two decades, lead emissions in air have
substantially declined (EPA, 2014a; EPA, 2014b; Task Force, 2016; EPA, 2018d). However, lead
is still emitted into ambient air from a variety of sources, including metals processing facilities and
combustion of leaded aviation fuel (avgas) by aircraft with piston engines (EPA, 2014a; Task Force,
2016). Currently, the source category with the greatest contribution to total U.S. air emissions is
piston-engine aircraft operating on leaded fuel (EPA, 2018d; Task Force, 2016). The highest air
concentrations in individual locations are currently found near secondary lead smelting operations,
such as battery recycling facilities and other metal processing facilities (EPA, 2014a; Task Force,
2016).
EPA Actions:
• Continue to work with state and tribal air agencies to implement the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) for lead and aim to reduce the number of areas violating the lead NAAQS.
•	In 2008, EPA significantly strengthened the air quality standards for lead to provide
health protection for at-risk groups, especially children. In 2016, the Agency
completed a review of the 2008 standards. With regard to the primary (health-based)
standard, the Agency concluded it continues to reflect the current scientific information
and provide the requisite protection of public health with an adequate margin of
safety, including for at-risk groups. More information is available at: https://www.
epa.gov/lead-air-pollution.
•	EPA continues to work with state and local air agencies to monitor lead emissions and
develop strategies to address high lead concentrations in areas across the U.S. EPA
has designated 22 areas as not meeting the 2008 ambient air lead quality standards.
Due to the implementation of effective control measures, EPA expects nearly all of
these areas to have lead concentrations below the level of the standards by the early
2020s.
•	EPA generated preliminary design values (2016-2018) for all 2008 NAAQS
nonattainment areas and other violating areas.
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• Evaluate the impacts of lead emissions from aircraft using leaded aviation fuel under the
Clean Air Act.
•	EPA requires monitoring at airports emitting at least one ton of lead per year. In 2010,
EPA required the states to conduct a year-long monitoring study at 15 airports that emit
less than one ton per year to determine how these sources impact air quality.
•	EPA is completing two technical reports: Airborne Lead Concentrations at Airports
Nationwide and Populations Residing Near or Attending School Near U.S. Airports.
These reports will be posted on EPA's website. More information is available at:
https: //www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/airport-lead-
monitoring-and-modeling.
•	information about reductions that have occurred in lead concentrations in ambient air
and reductions in lead emissions to ambient air is available at: https://aispub.epa.
gov/air/trendsreport/2018/#naaqs trends (select "lead" from drop-down menu).
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Goal 2: IDENTIFY LEAD-EXPOSED CHILDREN AND IMPROVE
THEIR HEALTH OUTCOMES
EPA's federal partners lead the actions under Goal 2 which are focused on improving the
identification of children exposed to lead through surveillance of blood lead level data and
improving access to services and support designed to improve children's physical, developmental
and mental health. Please visit https://ptfceh.niehs.nih.aov/ for future updates on Goal 2 of the
Federal Lead Action Plan.
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Goal 3: COMMUNICATE MORE EFFECTIVELY WITH
STAKEHOLDERS
The Task Force Senior Staff Steering Committee, of which EPA is a member, will coordinate the
activities under Goal 3 which are focused on improving public awareness of the dangers associated
with lead exposure by consolidating and streamlining federal messaging on reducing exposures to
lead. The following are EPA activities in support of the actions under Goal 3.
Objective 3.1. Consolidate and Streamline Federal Lead-Related
Communication and Messaging
•	Create an online portal to enhance, consolidate
and streamline federal-wide communication to
the public. Links will direct the public to agency-
specific information. (Not everyone affected by
lead exposures has access to the internet and
therefore, agencies will continue to provide access
to printed materials).
•	Ahead of the development of the online
portal led by the Steering Committee, EPA
refreshed all EPA links to iead resources
and will enhance the user's ability to locate
critical information.
•	Provide periodic updates on the progress of implementing the Federal Lead Action Plan on
the online portal.
•	EPA will provide periodic updates on the progress of EPA-led actions on its website.
The updates will support the overall Federal Lead Action Plan progress reports.
•	Please see Appendix 1 for the first progress report for EPA-led actions.
•	Enhance local partnerships with community organizations, local health agencies, faith-based
organizations and private philanthropies to raise awareness of the dangers of exposure to
lead-based paint hazards and to promote data sharing.
•	EPA's 10 regional lead coordinators oversee the development of lead-poisoning
prevention efforts at the regional level. Learn more at: https://www.epa.gov/
lead /coordinators-epa-regional-offices-lead-poisonina-prevention-efforts. Many
of the regional success stories were highlighted in EPA's October 2018 Protecting
Children from Lead Exposures Report: https://www.epa.aov/sites/production/
files/2018-10/documents/leadpreventionbooklet2018-vll web.pdf.
CAUTION
KEEP OUT
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•	Each year during National Lead Poisoning Prevention Week (the last full week in
October), EPA, along with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) and the CDC, design and distribute outreach materials about how communities
can raise awareness of lead hazards and reduce childhood lead exposure and lead
poisoning. Learn more at: https://www.epa.gov/lead/national-lead-poisoning-
prevention-week.
•	Each year EPA, along with the World Health Organization, the United Nations
Environment Program and other organizations around the world join to promote
International Lead Poisoning Prevention Week by developing a wide range of
materials, including customizable posters, to allow partnering countries and local
groups to share the messages with diverse audiences and tools to help countries
establish legal limits on lead paint. Learn more at: https://www.epa.gov/
international-cooperation/epa-participation-international-lead-poisoning-prevention-
week-action.
•	EPA developed an infographic that can be used by the public to learn about lead in
drinking water. Information on the infographic includes a diagram of the sources of
drinking water, clear actions to take if residents are concerned about lead in drinking
water and information on who to contact for questions. Learn more at: https://www.
epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/infographic-lead-drinking-water.
•	EPA released an interactive website that allows the public to learn more about lead in
drinking water. It also highlights drinking water systems that are actively engaging in
lead service line replacement activities in their communities. Learn more at: https://
www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/leaders-lead-service-line-
replacement.
•	EPA's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program supports science- and
technology-based small businesses to develop and commercialize innovative
environmental technologies. SBIR Phase II company NanoSafe, Inc. is developing an
accurate and inexpensive lead testing platform for both soluble and insoluble lead
compounds. This will allow users to quickly and affordably detect lead in their own
drinking water. Learn more at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer abstracts/index.cfm/
fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/10826/report/0.
•	EPA's P3 (People, Prosperity, and the Planet) Program is a unique competition open to
teams of college students working to design solutions for a sustainable future. A recent
P3-winning team at Old Dominion University is designing a low-cost household water
filter that uses biochar to remove lead from drinking water.
Biochar is renewable and can be a cost-effective substitute to activated carbon in lead
adsorption because of its porous structure, irregular surface, high surface to volume
ratio and presence of oxygenated functional group. The team is working to design
a household water filter that uses biochar as an adsorbent for removing lead from
drinking water. The proposed filter integrates the conventional filter and adsorption
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potential of biochar to create a system that can eliminate lead from supplied water.
It will significantly decrease the cost for abatement of lead pollution. Learn more at:
https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/
abstract/10860.
Objective 3.2. Improve Awareness of Lead Hazards, Prevention
and Remediation among Diverse Populations, Especially Those
Most at Risk
•	Utilize the Children's Centers and Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units (PEHSUs)
to develop appropriate, evidence-based lead exposure prevention and intervention
communication materials and disseminate them through the Centers' established community
partnerships.
•	PEHSUs are a twenty-year old network of experts uniquely qualified to train health
care providers on the prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment of lead
exposure in children. There are 11 Units around the country, several of which were
originally lead clinics. EPA provides support to the PEHSU program that ATSDR designs,
funds and manages. Learn more at: https://www.pehsu.net/.
•	EPA awarded $224,500 dollars to fund five projects aimed at addressing children's
environmental health in communities in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. These five
projects addressed four pediatric environmental health issues related to lead-based
paint, indoor air quality, prenatal environmental exposures and integrated pest
management. One of the five grant recipients is the Southwest Center for Pediatric
Environmental Health (the Region 6 PEHSU). Based at Texas Tech University Health
Sciences Center in El Paso, the PEHSU partnered with colleagues from the University
of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine to train health care practitioners in
communities from El Paso to Brownsville. The final workshop will take place in Spring of
2019 with anticipated attendance of 50 health providers. In 2018 the PEHSU trained
160 Texas promotoras (health care workers) on the four pediatric environmental health
issues.
•	Enhance partnerships with state, tribal and local governments and key stakeholders (e.g.,
media, community groups, faith-based groups, advocacy groups, departments of health,
departments of environmental quality, medical providers, philanthropies, federal grantees and
others) that represent or serve communities at risk for childhood lead exposure.
•	EPA completed draft lesson plans for a tribal lead curriculum - Lead Awareness in
Indian Country: Keeping our Children Healthy!
The curriculum was developed in partnership with the National Tribal Toxics Council
and the National EPA-Tribal Science Council. The purpose of the curriculum is to
increase understanding and awareness of childhood lead exposures, health effects and
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preventative actions. Four modules were created: 1) Understanding Lead; 2) Cleaning
Techniques; 3) Personal Hygiene and Nutrition; and 4) Hiring Lead Professionals.
•	EPA conducted a working session on the tribal lead curriculum at the March 2019
National Tribal Toxics Council Meeting.
• Increase outreach events and engagement processes in collaboration with at-risk communities
and lead-safe coalitions to provide education on the dangers of lead exposures, strategies
for reducing exposures in children and actions to support exposed children and their families.
•	EPA will continue to sponsor lead education events in communities that include offering
free testing of soil from residential yards and gardens and free blood lead testing for
children.
Goal 4: SUPPORT AND CONDUCT CRITICAL RESEARCH TO
INFORM EFFORTS TO REDUCE LEAD EXPOSURES
AND RELATED HEALTH RISKS
Key priorities under this goal are prioritizing and addressing the critical research and data needs to
inform lead policy and guide decisions. The majority of the research to address the actions identified
under Goal 4 is expected to be implemented by EPA, HHS and HUD; other agencies will also
conduct lead-focused research, as needed, to support their missions.
Implementing actions under this goal will require effective collaboration among the federal agencies.
An interagency workgroup is working to further define, prioritize and address the critical research
needs. The outcomes are expected to inform lead
policies and guide decisions through the application of
tools, data, information and approaches. The outcomes
will also allow identification of the most effective public
health practices to reduce children's lead exposures
and its health impact. Prioritizing, leveraging and
coordinating lead research among agencies will identify
opportunities to increase the value of individual agency
efforts, while remaining cognizant of the different
missions, capabilities and resources of the various
federal agencies.
EPA is working with its federal partners on the actions
under Goal 4. To that end, EPA is co-leading the
IMPLEMENTATION STATUS REPORT FOR EPA ACTIONS UNDER THE DECEMBER 2018 FEDERAL ACTION PLAN
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development of a cross agency research workshop with the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences, CDC and HUD . The following are EPA activities in support of the actions under
Goal 4.
•	Enhance and apply data and tools (e.g., models or approaches) and determine the key
drivers of blood lead levels from multimedia exposures to inform lead regulatory decisions
and site assessments.
•	EPA developed the All Ages Lead Model (AALM) to provide a tool for rapidly
evaluating the impact of possible sources of lead on blood and other tissue levels
in humans from birth to 90 years of age. The AALM is designed to predict lead
concentration in body tissues and organs for a hypothetical individual, based on a
simulated lifetime of lead exposure. This model is being submitted for peer reviewed by
the Science Advisory Board.
•	EPA applied lead multimedia exposure and biokinetic models in support of the
forthcoming final dust-lead hazard standards.
•	Generate data, maps and mapping tools to identify high exposure communities or locations
and disparities for prioritization efforts to reduce children's blood lead levels.
•	EPA provided technical assistance to EPA Region 5 partners in support of their efforts
to identify high exposure locations.
•	Generate data to address critical gaps for reducing uncertainty in lead modeling and
mapping for exposure/risk analyses and for estimating population-wide health benefits of
actions to reduce lead exposures.
•	EPA is conducting initial analysis of incoming multimedia samples from the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development sponsored American Healthy Homes
Survey II. Learn more at: https://www.hud.gov/program offices/healthy homes/
ahhs ii.
•	EPA sponsored public webinars on small drinking water systems: "Actual vs. Predicted:
Lead Scale Observations from the Field;" "Destabilization of Lead Pipe Scales in a
Long-Term Vacant Home in Cincinnati."
•	Identify approaches to prevent, mitigate and communicate about lead exposures and risks in
exposed communities.
•	EPA created a communications tool to help consumers choose point-of-use filters to
reduce lead content in drinking water. Water safety concerns such as those of Flint, Ml
highlight the role of certified filters in reducing lead in drinking water for children. Point
of use, or POU, drinking water filters are used to remove impurities from water at the
point that it is actually being used. While there is no mandatory federal requirement
for the use of POU drinking water filters or for testing or third-party certification,
consumers can increase their level of confidence in their water by purchasing filters
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that have been tested by an accredited third-party certification body. Learn more
at: https://www.epa.gov/water-research/consumer-tool-identifying-pou-drinking-
water-filters-certified-reduce-lead.
•	EPA provided ongoing technical support to assess effectiveness of corrosion control
treatment in multiple cities, applying innovative lead mitigation methods for addressing
lead in drinking water.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of actions (e.g., interventions, programs, policies, enforcement) to
prevent lead exposure, mitigate health effects and communicate on lead exposures/risks.
•	EPA, with support from the Douglas County Health Department and the City of
Omaha, is conducting a study to determine the effectiveness of the actions to address
lead contamination in residential soil, dust and paint at the Omaha Lead Superfund
Site in reducing elevated blood-lead levels in young children.
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APPENDIX 1
Implementation Status of EPA Actions Under the 2018 Federal Action Plan To Reduce
Childhood Lead Exposures and Associated Health Impacts: Fiscal Year 2019,2nd Quarter
GOAL 1: REDUCE CHILDREN'S EXPOSURE TO LEAD SOURCES
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Objective: 1.1
Reduce Children's
Exposure in
Homes and
Child-Occupied
Facilities with
Lead-Based Paint
Hazards
Consider revisions, as
appropriate, to the dust-lead
hazard standards to address
childhood exposures to lead-
contaminated dust generated
from lead-based paint.
On track
Conducted rulemaking activities.
EPA plans to issue a
final rule by summer
2019.
EPA proposed to strengthen the
dust-lead hazard standards for floors
and window sills. These standards
apply to most pre-1978 housing and
child-occupied facilities, such as daycare
centers and kindergarten facilities.
Lead dust can be a major source of
lead exposure in children and the new
proposed standards for lead in dust will
be an important step to reduce lead
exposure among children.
Continue to implement
regulations and other
relevant authorities that
require individuals and firms
conducting lead-based paint
abatement, risk assessment
or inspection to be properly
trained and certified, training
programs to be accredited
and these activities to be
conducted according to
reliable, effective and safe
work practice standards.
On track
Provided support to EPA, states,
tribes, federal agencies and the
public for implementation of these
regulations.
Report the number of
compliance assistance
and outreach activities
that support the
abatement, risk
assessment and
inspection components
of the Lead-Based Paint
Program.
Examples of activities may include:
outreach, education, oversight and
processing accreditation applications.
EPA provides annual funding to
authorized states and tribal programs
that administer training and certification
programs for lead professionals and
renovation contractors.

Increase the number (or
percentage) of certified
renovation firms capable
of providing lead-safe
renovation, repair and
painting services through
targeted outreach campaigns
to contractors; continue to
provide a nationwide list of
certified renovation firms on
EPA's website.
On track
Updated list of certified renovation
firms.
Conducted compliance assistance to
increase the number of RRP certified
firms.
Completed planning for a pilot
project in six cities to increase the
number of RRP certified firms and
trained contractors. Conducted
outreach and education activities to
support the RRP Program.
Publish updated list
of certified renovation
firms on EPA website.
Report number of RRP
firms certified and
trained contractors in
3rd Quarter.
Target additional
resources in the same
six cities to increase the
number of RRP certified
firms and trained
contractors.
In 2016, EPA targeted six cities across
the U.S. for outreach, training for
contractors and enforcement of the RRP
rule during National Lead Poisoning
Prevention Week in October 2016. In
2019, the EPA will continue to provide
outreach events aimed specifically at
reaching contractors by working with
building code officials, hardware stores
and industry trade associations and hold
at least one outreach event per city to
reach contractors.
EPA provides annual funding to
authorized states and tribal programs
that administer training and certification
programs for lead professionals and
renovation contractors.
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GOAL 1: REDUCE CHILDREN'S EXPOSURE TO LEAD SOURCES
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Objective 1.2
Reduce Exposure
to Lead from
Drinking Water
Revise the Lead and Copper
Rule (LCR) based on input
EPA recently received from
state, tribal and local partners,
as well as the best available
peer reviewed science, to
ensure the rule reflects the
best ways to improve public
health protection and reduce
levels of lead in drinking
water.
On track
Continued analysis to support
preparation of a proposal for revisions
to the LCR and supporting technical
documentation.
Prepare Federal
Register for proposal of
LCR revisions, technical
support documents
(including the Health
Risk Reduction
Cost Analysis) and
administrative record.
Propose revisions to the
LCR by summer 2019.


Enhance implementation of
the LCR by engaging with
state, tribal, local and other
stakeholders to identify
implementation challenges,
best practices and tools to
address these challenges.
On track
Hosted the first in a series of webinars
on lead service line replacement.
This series showcases best practices
for states and utilities implementing
a voluntary lead service line
replacement program. March's
webinar included speakers from
Washington State, Department of
Health and D.C. Water.
EPA HQ and all 10 EPA regions met
regularly to discuss LCR challenges
and strengthen implementation
nationwide. This effort includes
quarterly reviews of lead exceedance
data and system violations
reported to the Safe Drinking Water
Information System (SDWIS).
Release an updated
version of the Optimal
Corrosion Control
Treatment (OCCT)
manual. This new
version will incorporate
technical updates and
feedback states have
provided since the
manual's initial release
in March 2016.
Continue to host
webinars on lead service
line replacement. This
series showcases best
practices for states and
utilities implementing
a voluntary lead service
line replacement
program.
Continue to meet
regularly to discuss
LCR challenges
and strengthen
implementation
nationwide.
The LCR includes
requirements for
utilities to communicate
important lead
information about
health effects, sources,
what consumers can do
and what your utility
is doing to reduce
exposure.
View Lead and CoDDer Rule
(LCR) tools and resources
EPA's Leaders in Reducina
Lead in Drinkina Water
22
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GOAL 1: REDUCE CHILDREN'S EXPOSURE TO LEAD SOURCES
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Objective 1.2
Reduce Exposure
to Lead from
Drinking Water
Assist schools and child care
centers with the 3Ts approach
(Training, Testing and Taking
Action) to reduce lead in
drinking water and increase
the number of schools and
child care centers that test
and provide parents with
information on how to
minimize children's exposure
to lead in drinking water.
On track
Released a revised 3Ts toolkit to
assist those implementing lead
monitoring in schools and child care
facilities in October 2018. The revised
version is available in an interactive
web-format and includes modules
and customizable templates. EPA
recognizes that communicating early
and often about testing plans, results
and next steps will build confidence
in a school's ability to provide a
safe environment. To improve
communication with community
members and parents, EPA has added
an additional communication tool in
27 languages: Translations for English
Instructions.
Worked with states, utilities and
local organizations to showcase
efforts across the country and added
additional case studies to the Leaders
in Reducing Lead in Drinking Water
map.
Continue to work with
states, utilities and
local organizations to
showcase efforts across
the country.
Continue to add
additional case studies
to the Leaders in
Reducing Lead in
Drinking Water map.
Update an existing
Memorandum of
Understanding
(MOU), Reducing Lead
Levels in Drinking
Water in Schools and
Child Care Facilities.
The updated MOU
will include current
and new partners
aimed to provide a
more meaningful
coordinated approach
to help schools and
child care programs.
This will be done in
conjunction with the
recently revised 3Ts
toolkit and the newly
announced Lead Testing
in Schools and Child
Care Programs Drinking
Water grant authorized
by the WIIN Act.
Update the 2006 list
of 65 funding sources
for schools to test for
and remediate lead in
drinking water. This
update will include the
previously identified
sources, the newly
released WIIN grants
and additional new
sources.
View tools and resources
to reduce lead in drinkina
water in schools and child
care facilities.
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GOAL 1: REDUCE CHILDREN'S EXPOSURE TO LEAD SOURCES
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Objective 1.2
Reduce Exposure
to Lead from
Drinking Water
Finalize regulatory changes
to the definition of lead-free
plumbing products and make
other conforming changes
to implement the Reduction
of Lead in Drinking Water
Act and the Community
Fire Safety Act enacted by
Congress. The final regulation
is expected to result in fewer
sources of lead in drinking
water by implementing new
standards for lead content in
plumbing materials used in
new installations and repairs.
Delayed
Considered comments on the
proposed rule to inform final and
conduct additional analysis to support
preparation of a final rule.
Prepare regulatory and
supporting technical
documentation for
the final rule to be
published in winter
2019-2020.


Collaborate with state and
tribes to provide opportunities
for low-interest loans and
grants through the Drinking
Water State Revolving Fund
and the Water Infrastructure
Finance and Innovation Act
loan program for updating
and replacing drinking water
infrastructure.
On track
Developed a new factsheet on
Addressing Lead in Drinking Water
with the Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund and case studies.
Eligibilities between the Drinking
Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF)
and the Water Infrastructure Finance
and Innovation Act (WIFIA) overlap.
Release DWSRF
factsheet and case
studies by the end of
March 2019.
Continue working with
WIFIA's FY18 Selected
Projects (12 projects
will reduce lead or
other drinking water
contaminants) to apply
for WIFIA financing.
httDs://www.eDa.aov/
drinkinawatersrf/reports-
and-fact-sheets-about-
drinkina-water-state-
revolvina-fund-dwsrf
WIFIA FY18 Selected
Proiects

Implement three
newly authorized grant
programs under the Water
Infrastructure Improvements
for the Nation Act, for which
Congress appropriated
$50 million in FY 2018, to
fund grants to small and
disadvantaged communities
for developing and
maintaining infrastructure, for
lead reduction projects and to
support the voluntary testing
of drinking water in schools
and child care centers. These
programs decrease exposure
to lead in drinking water by
providing financial incentives
to test, educate and replace
infrastructure.
On track
Sent out letters to state governors
announcing the Lead Testing in
Schools and Child Care Programs
Drinking Water Grant authorized by
the WIIN Act. At the beginning of this
2019, EPA received letters from all 50
States and the District of Columbia
confirming their commitment to
reducing lead in drinking water in
schools and to participate in this new
grant.
Expect to notify states and the District
of Columbia funding allotments for
the Lead Testing in School and Child
Care Programs Drinking Water Grant
in March 2019.
Hosting webinars for states on the
new grant guidance.
Conducting the tribal consultation
for the Lead in Drinking Water Grant
authorized by the WIIN Act through
March 2019.
Review state workplans
for the Lead Testing in
Schools and Child Care
Programs Drinking
Water Grant authorized
by the WIIN Act and
begin the process to
award grants to states.
Develop tribal grant
guidance.
Finalize the request
for application for the
Reduction of Lead in
Drinking Water Grant
authorized by the WIIN
Act and prepare for
release in 4Q.
View more information on
the WIIN Grants
( 24 )	
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GOAL 1: REDUCE CHILDREN'S EXPOSURE TO LEAD SOURCES
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Objective 1.3
Reduce Exposure
to Lead in Soil
Manage lead contamination
at Superfund, RCRA
Corrective Action and other
sites to reduce exposure to
community residents.
On track
Reduced exposure to community
members by continual efforts to
manage 1,212 Superfund sites with
lead as a contaminant of concern.
Completed eight consultations at
Superfund lead sites thus far in FY19.
Continue to manage
lead contamination
at Superfund, RCRA
Corrective Action and
other sites to reduce
exposure to community
residents. Efforts
expected to include:
Updating lead technical
information and tools
for application of the
Integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokentic
(IEUBK) lead model.
Validating IEUBK model
for use with updated
input parameters.
Conducting additional
superfund site lead
consultations.


Continue to reduce childhood
exposures to lead in soils
through removal, remedial
and corrective actions at
contaminated sites and
reduce lead soil exposures to
the most sensitive community
residents.
On track
EPA conducted removal actions at 49
sites with lead as a contaminant of
concern.
Continue to reduce
childhood exposures
to lead in soils through
removal, remedial and
corrective actions at
contaminated sites
and reduce lead soil
exposures to the most
sensitive community
residents.

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25

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GOAL 1: REDUCE CHILDREN'S EXPOSURE TO LEAD SOURCES
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Objective 1.3
Reduce Exposure
to Lead in Soil
Continue to support the
evaluation of lead exposure
at contaminated sites and
identify ways to protect the
public's health.
On track
Controlled human exposure at one
additional Superfund site.
Continue to support
the evaluation of
lead exposure at
contaminated sites and
identify ways to protect
the public's health.
Actions will include
distributing outreach
materials to regions
gathered through the
Interagency Task Force.

Objective 1.4
Reduce Exposure
to Lead Associated
with Emissions to
Ambient Air
Continue to work with state
and tribal air agencies to
implement the National
Ambient Air Quality Standard
(NAAQS) for lead and aim to
reduce the number of areas
violating the lead NAAQS.
On track
Generated preliminary Design Values
(2016-2018) for all 2008 NAAQS
nonattainment areas and other
violating areas.
Continue to work with
states to monitor lead
emissions and work
towards taking action
on 2008 Lead NAAQS
redesignation requests
and maintenance plans.
Eleven of the 22 initial
areas designated
nonattainment for
the 2008 Pb NAAQS
are attaining. For the
majority of the remaining
nonattainment areas,
lead emissions and
monitored concentrations
are declining due to
implemented control
measures and all
nonattainment areas
have fulfilled air quality
implementation plan
requirements.
https://www.epa.aov/
areen-book/areen-
book-lead-2008-area-
information

Evaluate the impacts of lead
emissions from aircraft using
leaded aviation fuel under the
Clean Air Act.
On track
Completing two technical reports:
Airborne Lead Concentrations at
Airports Nationwide and
Populations Residing Near or
Attending School Near U.S. Airports.
Post the two completed
technical reports to
EPA's website.
https://www.epa.aov/
reaulations-emissions-
vehicles-and-enaines/
airoort-lead-monitorina-
and-modelina
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GOAL 2: IDENTIFY LEAD-EXPOSED CHILDREN AND IMPROVE THEIR HEALTH OUTCOMES
EPA's federal partners lead the actions under Goal 2 which are focused on improving the identification of children
exposed to lead through surveillance of blood lead level data and improving access to services and support designed
to improve children's physical, developmental and mental health. Please visit https://ptfceh.niehs.nih.aov/ for
future updates on Goal 2 of the Federal Lead Action Plan.
GOAL 3: COMMUNICATE MORE EFFECTIVELY WITH STAKEHOLDERS
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Objective 3.1
Consolidate and
Streamline Federal
Lead-Related
Communication
and Messaging
Create an online portal to
enhance, consolidate and
streamline federal-wide
communication to the public.
Links will direct the public to
agency-specific information.
(Not everyone affected by
lead exposures has access to
the internet and therefore,
agencies will continue to
provide access to printed
materials).
On Track
Refreshed EPA links to lead resources
and made sure that relevant links
that were not currently located on
https://www.epa.aov/lead are linked
to the website.
Continue to refresh links
and connect links to
web page as applicable.
httDs://www.eDa.aov/lead

Provide periodic updates on
the progress of implementing
the Action Plan on the online
portal.
On Track
Created Implementation Status for
EPA Actions Under the 2018 Federal
Action Plan: To Reduce Childhood
Lead Exposures and Associated Health
Impacts web page.
Will update web page
periodically.
httDs://www.eDa.aov/
leadaction
DlanimDlementation.
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GOAL 3: COMMUNICATE MORE EFFECTIVELY WITH STAKEHOLDERS
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Objective 3.2
Improve
Awareness of
Lead Hazards,
Prevention and
Remediation
among Diverse
Populations,
Especially Those
Most at Risk
Utilize the Children's Centers
and PEHSUs to develop
appropriate, evidence-based
lead exposure prevention and
intervention communication
materials and disseminate
them through the Centers'
established community
partnerships.
On Track
Provided $1,128,425 for fiscal year
2019 to support the PEHSU network.
Continued to play a partnership
role in the PEHSU program, making
recommendations to ATSDR on
program design, management
and direction and by annually
providing 35 to 40% of the funding
support. In addition, the children's
environmental health coordinators
in EPA regional offices work regularly
with their PEHSU counterparts to
plan and implement children's
environmental health outreach and
education efforts in communities
across the region.
Continue to support
the work of PEHSUs in
providing expert
consultations to health
care providers on
prevention, diagnosis
and treatment of
lead exposure during
pregnancy and
childhood; addressing
childhood lead
exposure in grand
rounds, medical and
nursing educational
settings and seminars;
providing expertise to
lay audiences through
briefings, conferences
and webinars;and,
collaborating with
research centers on
research translation and
messaging on a variety
of children's health
issues, including lead.
PEHSUs are a twenty-year-
old network of experts
uniquely qualified to train
health care providers
on the prevention,
diagnosis, management
and treatment of lead
exposure in children. There
are 11 units around the
country, several of which
were originally lead clinics.
EPA provides support to
the PEHSU program that
ATSDR designs, funds and
manages.
Learn more at: httDs://
www.Dehsu.net/

Enhance partnerships
with state, tribal and local
governments and key
stakeholders (e.g., media,
community groups, faith-
based groups, advocacy
groups, departments of
health, departments of
environmental quality,
medical providers,
philanthropies, federal
grantees and others)
that represent or serve
communities at risk for
childhood lead exposure.
On Track
Completed draft lesson plans
for tribal lead curriculum - Lead
Awareness in Indian Country: Keeping
our Children Healthy!
Conducted working session on the
tribal lead curriculum at the March
2019 National Tribal Toxics Council
Meeting.
Plan and conduct
pilot(s) with tribal
partners.
The curriculum was
developed in partnership
with the National Tribal
Toxics Council and the
EPA-Tribal Science Council.
The purpose of the
curriculum is to increase
understanding and
awareness of childhood
lead exposures, health
effects and preventative
actions. Four modules
were created: 1)
Understanding Lead; 2)
Cleaning Techniques; 3)
Personal Hygiene and
Nutrition; and 4) Hiring
Lead Professionals.
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GOAL 4: SUPPORT AND CONDUCT CRITICAL RESEARCH TO INFORM EFFORTS TO REDUCE LEAD
EXPOSURES AND RELATED HEALTH RISKS
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Key Priorities:
Prioritize and
Address the
Critical Research
and Data Needs
to Inform Lead
Policies and Guide
Enhance and apply data
and tools (e.g., models or
approaches) and determine
the key drivers of blood
lead levels from multimedia
exposures to inform lead
regulatory decisions and site
assessments.
On Track
Continued toco-lead the
development of a cross agency
research workshop with NIEHS, CDC
and HUD.
Applied lead multimedia exposure
and biokinetic models in support
of the forthcoming final dust- lead
hazard standards.
Provide materials for
All-Ages Lead Model
(AALM) to EPA Science
Advisory Board for
external peer review.

Decisions
Generate data, maps and
mapping tools to identify
high exposure communities
or locations and disparities for
prioritization efforts to reduce
children's blood lead levels.
On Track
Continued toco-lead the
development of a cross agency
research workshop with NIEHS, CDC
and HUD.
Provided technical assistance to EPA
Region 5 partners in support of their
efforts to identify high exposure
locations.
Explore opportunities
to provide technical
assistance to other
regional partners
as they work on
identifying high
exposure locations.


Generate data to address
critical gaps for reducing
uncertainty in lead modeling
and mapping for exposure/
risk analyses and for
estimating population-wide
health benefits of actions to
reduce lead exposures.
On Track
Continued toco-lead the
development of a cross agency
research workshop with NIEHS, CDC
and HUD.
Conducting initial analysis of
incoming multimedia samples from
the U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development sponsored
American Healthy Homes Survey II.
Sponsored public webinar on small
drinking water systems, "Actual vs.
Predicted: Lead Scale Observations
from the Field;" "Destabilization
of Lead Pipe Scales in a Long-Term
Vacant Home in Cincinnati."
Continue receipt and
analysis of incoming
multimedia samples
from the HUD sponsored
American Healthy
Homes Survey II.
Conduct data analyses
for children's soil/
dust ingestion rates
in support of future
modeling.
For more information
on the HUD sponsored
American Healthy Homes
Survev II, visit: httDs://
www.hud.aov/proaram
offices/healthv homes/
ahhs ii.

Identify approaches to
prevent, mitigate and
communicate about lead
exposures and risks in
exposed communities.
On Track
Continued toco-lead the
development of a cross agency
research workshop with NIEHS, CDC
and HUD.
Created tool for identifying point of
use filters certified to reduce lead.
Provided ongoing technical support
to assess effectiveness of corrosion
control treatment in multiple cities,
applying innovative lead mitigation
methods for addressing lead in
drinking water.
Conduct public small
drinking water systems
workshop at EPA Region
6, May 21-22,2019.
Provide ongoing
technical support to
assess effectiveness
of corrosion control
treatment in multiple
cities, applying
innovative lead
mitigation methods
for addressing lead in
drinking water.
httDs://www.eDa.aov/
water-research/consumer-
tool-identifvina-Dou-
drinkina-water-filters-
certified-reduce-lead
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IMPLEMENTATION STATUS REPORT FOR EPA ACTIONS UNDER THE DECEMBER 2018 FEDERAL ACTION PLAN
TO REDUCE CHILDHOOD LEAD EXPOSURES AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH IMPACTS

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GOAL 4: SUPPORT AND CONDUCT CRITICAL RESEARCH TO INFORM EFFORTS TO REDUCE LEAD
EXPOSURES AND RELATED HEALTH RISKS
Objective
Action
Status*
2Q FY 19 Accomplishments
3Q Next Steps
More Information
Key Priorities:
Prioritize and
Address the
Critical Research
and Data Needs
to Inform Lead
Policies and Guide
Decisions
Evaluate the effectiveness of
actions (e.g., interventions,
programs, policies,
enforcement) to prevent lead
exposure, mitigate health
effects and communicate on
lead exposures/risks.
On Track
Continued toco-lead the
development of a cross agency
research workshop with NIEHS, CDC
and HUD.
EPA, with support from
the Douglas County
Health Department
and the City of Omaha,
is conducting a study
to determine the
effectiveness of the
actions to address
lead contamination in
residential soil, dust
and paint at the Omaha
Lead Superfund Site
in reducing elevated
blood-lead levels in
young children.

30
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TO REDUCE CHILDHOOD LEAD EXPOSURES AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH IMPACTS

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REFERENCES
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2017). Lead toxicity, Where is it Found?
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ csem/ csem.asp?csem=34&po=5
Mielke H.W., Gonzales C.R., Powell E.T., Mielke P.W. (2013). Environmental and health disparities in
residential communities of New Orleans: The need for soil lead intervention to advance primary prevention.
Environment International 51:73—81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.10.013
President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children (Task Force). (2016). Key
Federal Programs to Reduce Childhood Lead Exposure and Eliminate Associated Health Impacts, https://
ptfceh.niehs.nih.gov/features/assets/files/key federal programs to reduce childhood lead exposures
and eliminate associated health impactspresidents 508.pdf
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment (EPA). (2008).
Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (Final Report), http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplav.
cfm?deid= 199243
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA). (2014a). Policy Assessment for the Review of the Lead
National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard, RTP. U.S. - EPA-
452/R-14-001. https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/pb/data/140501 pa pb fin.pdf
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA). (2014b). Report on the Environment, https://cfpub.epa.gov/
roe/indicator.cfm?i= 13
U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2017). America's Children and the Environment, 3rd Edition.
https://www.epa.gov/ace/ace-biomonitoring-lead
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2018c). Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water.
https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinking-water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2018d). Our Nation's Air. https://gispub.epa.gov/air/
trendsreport/2018/
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