* _ \
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PROFILE OF VERSION 1 OF THE 2014
NATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY
-------
-------
EPA-454/R-19-006
April 2017
PROFILE OF VERSION 1 OF THE 2014 NATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Air Quality Assessment Division
Research Triangle Park, NC
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PROFILE OF VERSION 1 OF THE 2014 NATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY
U.S. EPA 2014 NEI Version 1.0
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emissions Inventory and Analysis Group
April 2017
A ckn o wledgem ents
EIAG Data Analysis Team and NEI Team
-------
This overview describes the air pollutant emissions in the 2014 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Version 1.0 (2014 NEI vl, or just 2014 NEI in this
document) published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in October 2016. The pollutants included in the NEI are the pollutants for which
the agency has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), known as criteria air pollutants (CAPs), as well as hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs) associated with EPA's Air Toxics Program. The CAPs have ambient concentration limits from the NAAQS program. These pollutants include lead
(Pb), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter 10 microns in diameter or less (PM10) and particulate matter
2.5 microns in diameter or less (PM2.5). Precursors to CAPs include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), SO2, ammonia (NH3), and nitrogen oxide (NOx)
emissions. VOCs and NOx play a key role in ozone formation, while all these precursors play a role in ambient PM2.5 formation. The HAP pollutants
include the 187 remaining HAP pollutants from the original 189 listed in Section 112(b) of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. This overview also
includes emission profiles of black carbon (BC). Please note that BC will be used interchangeably with elemental carbon (EC) throughout the report.
The NEI is developed every 3 years (e.g., 2005, 2008, 2011, etc.). This overview of the 2014 NEI applies the concepts developed in previous 2008 and
2011 NEI reports as well as many of the graphics and tables contained in those reports. A process is underway to update the 2014 NEI vl to version 2
(v2), which we expect to be released in the fall of 2017. In this overview, emission profiles are presented for most of the CAPs (Pb is not covered) and
CAP precursors, BC (which is a strong light-absorbing component of particulate matter), and for some select HAPs that account for a large portion of the
2011 National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) nationwide cancer or non-cancer risk.
The information presented here about the 2014 NEI includes the following:
Key emissions source contributions at the national level.
National and state emissions trends.
Emission differences between 2011v2 and 2014 NEIs.
Distribution of emissions by National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) climate regions.
To keep this overview concise, we provide graphical summaries for some, but not all, pollutants. In past reports that have been more comprehensive,
we included more tabular emissions summaries along with the graphics, but fewer tables are included in this overview document. Readers should
reference our 2014 NEI vl Documentation and especially the Technical Support Document (TSD) for more details on the data presented here, its
derivation, methods, and expected future revisions. Additional materials are also available by request, and readers who would like additional
information associated with a given graphic or analysis are encouraged to contact the Emissions Inventory and Analysis Group, Data Analysis Team at
info.chief@epa.gov.
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Comparison of Total Emissions in the 2014 NEI vl and the 2011 NEI v2
Table 1: Total Emissions, All Sectors 2011 NEI v2 vs. 2014 NEI vl
Pollutant
Anthropogenic, xlOOO Tons
(Man-made)
Biogenic, xlOOO Tons
(Natural)
Total, xlOOO Tons
Percent Change from 2011
to 2014
2011
2014
2011
2014
2011
2014
CO
75,760
63,252
6,528
6,635
82,288
69,907
-15
nh3
4,316
3,869
NA
22.2
4,316
3,891
-10
NOx
14,574
12,643
1,018
903
15,592
13,546
-13
PMio
20,907
24,506
NA
NA
20,907
24,506
17
PM2.5
6,306
6,223
NA
NA
6,306
6,223
-1.3
S02
6,557
4,812
NA
NA
6,557
4,812
-26
VOCs
18,169
16,478
39,653
38,679
57,822
55,157
-5
Pb
0.80
0.73
NA
NA
0.80
0.73
-9
BC (same as EC)
567
446
NA
NA
567
446
-21
Total HAPs
3,107
3,020
5,968
5,295
9,074
8,315
-8
Table 1 summarizes total national emissions in the 2014 NEI vl as compared with 2011NEI v2. Total sums in Table 1 include the continental U.S., Alaska,
Hawaii, all territories, tribal lands, and excludes emissions from off-shore areas of federal waters.
CO, PMio and VOC are emitted in the greatest amounts in both 2014 and 2011.
The greatest percent reductions from 2011 to 2014 have occurred in S02, BC, and CO emissions. The increase in PMio is covered in section II.
Only CO, VOC, NH3, NOx and total HAPs have a biogenic emissions component. EPA's BEIS model does not estimate ammonia emissions. The biogenic NH
emissions were reported by California. Nearly all the biogenic HAP emissions consist of formaldehyde, methanol, and acetaldehyde.
The 8 percent decrease in total HAPs from 2011 to 2014 reflects all HAP emissions included in the respective inventories, including biogenic HAP and
non-VOC, non-PM HAPs. Half of the reduction is due to methanol biogenics, some of which is likely due to a method change in estimating these
emissions. Approximately a fourth of the reduction in toluene is from mobile sources and solvents. Also making up a large amount of the decrease are:
hexane from solvents; xylenes from mobile sources and solvents; and benzene from mobile sources and fires.
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National CAP and Precursor Emission Trends, 2002-2014
Figure 1 shows national CAP and precursor emission trends
from 2002 to 2014. These emission totals differ slightly from
the emission totals in Table 1 because wildfire emissions are
excluded from Figure 1 (due to the extreme variation in
wildfire activity from year to year). Table 2 shows percent
change in emissions over 3 different time ranges: 2011-2014,
2010-2014, and 2002-2014.
From 2002 to 2014, all pollutants other than PM and NH3
show decreases greater than 10 percent. NH3 emissions have
remained at near-constant levels in this timeframe, as few
controls have been implemented for NH3-rich source
categories (livestock, fertilizer, etc.). The increase in PM
(both fine and coarse) is due to a method change for the
2014 NEI, where dust emissions were no longer adjusted for
meteorology (which causes emissions to be much higher).
This method change will be eliminated for 2014 NEI v2.
S02 and NOx show the largest decreases from 2002 to 2014:
68 percent and 48 percent, respectively.
U.S. National CAP Emission Trends are located on the Air Pollutant Emissions Trends Data website and
include explanation of the data sources, method for developing trends, and description of the 'Tier' emissions
categories. These emission trends generally reflect changes seen in the ambient data over the same period for
most of the pollutants.
Pollutant
Percent Change in going
from 2011 to 2014
Percent Change in going
from 2010 to 2014
Percent Change in going
from 2002 to 2014
CO
-13
-14
-40
nh3
-8
-9
-1.9
NOx
-13
-15
-48
PM10
21
19
16
PM2.5
7
8
14
S02
-26
-38
-68
VOCs
-8
-6
-18
Figure 1: National CAP and Precursor Emission Trends, 2002-2014 (no Wildfires)
30,000 100,000
IA
I - . CO
x> 25,000
C
5
3
| 20,000
in
C
§ 15,000
10,000
C
¦5
3
u
s, 5,000
a.
<
u
90.000
80,000
70,000
60,000
jU.I.K u
40.000
J LI. LOU
20,000 8
PM2.5
10,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2C09 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
PM10
PM2.S
-S02
VOCs
¦NH3
NO*
¦CO
-------
National 2014 NEI vl CAP/HAP Emission Profiles
Figure 2: National CAP, CAP Precursor, and Biogenic Emissions by Major Source Type
30000
CO
~
| 25000
CO
O 20000
x
"" 15000
10000
5000
0 -1
NH3 NOX PM10 PM2.5 S02
EMISSIONS BY MAJOR SOURCE TYPE
{2014 NEI V1 EMISSION TONS)
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
VOC
CO
~ Biogenics ~ Fires ~ Stationary ~ Mobile
Figure 2 summarizes national emissions by pollutant and shows the amount of emissions for each of the major source typesStationary, Mobile, Biogenics,
and Fires (the legend for Figure 2 provides more details about these categories).
Figure 2 shows biogenic emissions to be a large contributor to VOC emissions, and a smaller contributor to CO and NOx emissions.
In general, stationary sources dominate contribution to S02, NH3 and PM emissions (since dust categories are included in the definition of stationary sources),
whereas mobile sources contribute significantly to CO and NOx emissions. Fires are important contributors to CO, PM and VOC emissions.
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In Figure 3, the larger emission source types for each pollutant are highlighted along with percent emissions contribution of different subsectors (tons of
pollutant emitted for that source and its percentage contribution to the sector shown in the pie chart) within that major source type. For the largest slices of the
pies (large subsector contributions), further detail is provided about the amount of emissions and the processes involved. Emission sectors less than 500 tons are
not shown in Figure 3.
Legend for Figure 3
STATIONARY SOURCES
Agriculture
Fuel Combustion
Dust - Roads/ Construction
Commercial/Institutional
Industrial Processes
Electric Generation
Miscellaneous
Industrial Boilers
Solvents
Residential
FIRE SOURCES
Agriculture Field Burning
Prescribed Fires
Wildfires
MOBILE SOURCES
Aircraft
Nonroad Equipment
Commercial Marine Vessels
Onroad Vehicles
Railroad
Figure 3: Larger sub-sectors within major source types shown in Figure 1 for CAPs and Precursors
Ammonia
Stationary Emissions
3,362,810 Tons
NOx
Stationary Emissions
4,972,658 Tons
PM10
Stationary Emissions
21,959,557 Tons
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Crops & Livestock
Dust= 1,162,166
Unpaved Road Dust
= 1,134,134
NOx
Mobile Emissions
8,288,963 Tons
PM2.5
Stationary Emissions
4,164,072 Tons
S02
Stationary Emissions
4,561,985 Tons
VOC
Stationary Emissions
8,261,810 Tons
VOC
Mobile Emissions
3,849,275 Tons
VOC
Fire Emissions
4,448,675 Tons
GasolineEquip
= 1,536,742
-------
CO
Stationary Emissions
8,583,139 Tons
CO
Mobile Emissions
35,253,987 Tons
CO
Fire Emissions
19,596,442 Tons
2,452,495; 29%
Waste Disposal
= 2.154.556
12,703,456; 36%
21,835,044; 62%
GasolineEquip
= 11.700.871
10.326.712: 53%
8,678,831; 44%
LDV = 20.029.797
2,282,528; 27%
2.065.840: 24%
Oil & Gas
= 848.079
Black Carbon
Stationary Emissions
106,460 Tons
Black Carbon
Mobile Emissions
178,274 Tons
32,428; 31%
17.462: 16%
WasteDisposal
= 27.559
67,687; 38%
HDV = 53.309
20,416; 19%
71,442;
NaturalGas
= 8.995
DieselEquip
= 64.944
19,324; 18%
Black Carbon
Fire Emissions
169,159 Tons
Each of these pie charts show the total amount of emissions for each of the source types as well as percentage contributions from sectors that make up
the source types.
For stationary sources at the national level:
o NH3 emissions are dominated by livestock waste and fertilizer sectors.
o Oil and gas, coal combustion, and natural gas combustion all contribute significantly to NOx emissions.
o Unpaved road dust emissions are significant contributors to stationary source PM; agricultural dust is also a significant contributor to PM2.5 emissions,
o Oil and gas and consumer/commercial sectors are dominant contributors to VOC.
o Natural gas combustion and waste disposal are leading contributors to BC emissions.
-------
For mobile sources at the national level
o Diesel sources (onroad and nonroad) contribute more than half of NOx emissions and commercial marine vessels contribute 15 percent of the total
emissions.
o Light duty vehicles and nonroad equipment contribute to most of the VOC and CO emissions,
o Diesel sources contribute nearly 80 percent of the total mobile source EC emissions.
For fires at the national level
o Fires are significant contributors to PM2.5, VOC, CO, and EC emissions. Wild- and prescribed fires are biggest contributors nationally to these emissions.
The next set of analyses shows select HAPs in the 2014 NEI vl, using similar source type/sectors as done for the CAPs.
Figure 4: National HAP Emissions by Major Source Types
(f)
Q
z
<
CO
3
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
EMISSIONS BY MAJOR SOURCE TYPE
(2014 NEI V1 EMISSION TONS)
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Acrolein DIESEL-PM10
Formaldehyde
Chlorine
~ Biogenics ~ Fires ~ Stationary ~ Mobile
Similar to Figure 2 for CAPs, Figure 4 shows select HAP emissions by major source typeFires, Stationary, Biogenics, and Mobile sources.
HAPs shown in Figure 4 are limited to those that reflect national risk drivers in 2011 NATA. Formaldehye is a cancer risk driver, and the other three HAPs
shown are noncancer risk drivers. Figure 4 shows biogenic emissions to be a large contributor to formaldehyde emissions.
Fires are a dominant contributor to acrolein and formaldehyde emissions, while stationary sources contribute dominantly to chlorine emissions. By
definition, all of the diesel PM10 (DPM) emissions come from mobile in the NEI.
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Similar to Figure 3 for CAPs, Figure 5 below shows more sector details for those sources that are major contributors to the HAPs shown in Figure 4. Again, the
numbers in the slices highlight both tons of pollutant emitted by the slice's sector and the percentage contribution to that overall sector, with the two numbers
separated by a comma.
Legend for Figure 5
STATIONARY SOURCES
Agriculture
Fuel Combustion
Dust - Roads/ Construction
Commercial/Institutional
Industrial Processes
Electric Generation
Miscellaneous
Industrial Boilers
Solvents
Residential
FIRE SOURCES
Agriculture Field Burning
Prescribed Fires
Wildfires
MOBILE SOURCES
Aircraft
Nonroad Equipment
Commercial Marine Vessels
Onroad Vehicles
Railroad
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Figure 5: Larger sub-sectors within major source types shown in Figure 3 for select HAPs
Acrolein
Fire Emissions
45,640 Tons
I
Diesel PM10
Mobile Emissions
257,909 Tons
93.480: 36%
Chlorine
Stationary Emissions
3,385 Tons
519: 17%
1.301: 43%
Natural Gas
= 1.099
1.238
Chem Manut
556
Formaldehyde
Stationary Emissions
60,626 Tons
Formaldehyde
Mobile Emissions
84,906 Tons
5.415
12.073: 20%
37,090; 44%
22,003; 36%
39,720; 47%
Oil&Gas
= 18,575
17,763; 29%
Formaldehyde
Fire Emissions
260,589 Tons
At the national level, for these select HAPs:
o Stationary source chlorine emissions are dominated by industrial boilers using natural gas, chemical manufacturing and non-ferrous metals production. One
non-ferrous metals facility contributes 40 percent of the total stationary emissions.
-------
o Stationary source formaldehyde emissions are dominated by residential wood combustion and industrial processes of which oil and gas production is the
largest contributing source type.
o Heavy duty diesel vehicles are the top emitting sector within mobile sources for DPM, while nonroad diesel equipment is the top emitting mobile sector for
formaldehyde emissions.
o Fires are the leading sector contributing to formaldehyde and acrolein emissions, with wild- and prescribed fires providing the largest portion.
re 6 below shows emission differences between the 2011v2 and 2014vl inventories for ten sectors.
In Figure 6, the top black bar indicates the amount of sector emissions in the 2014 NEI, compared to the bottom gray bar that indicates the amount of emissions for
that sector in the 2011 NEI. Appropriate summing of sector information in these charts should equal the total emissions shown in Table 1 for both 2011 and 2014.
CAP, CAP precursors, BC, and the select HAPs discussed earlier are all displayed. Please note that while Diesel PM is displayed, it is not considered to be a HAP.
Figure 6: Emissions comparison between the 2011 and 2014 NEIs
Agriculture
Dust
Solvent
Misc
Fires
Biogenics
Industrial Proc
Fuel Combustion
Mobile Nonroad
Mobile On road
Tons xlOOO
1.021
1,414
1.315
NOx
13,434
¦ 2014v1
~ 2011v2
13,624
4,ou
| 4,665
5,8701
2,000
4,000
6,000
Agriculture
Fuel Combustion
Misc
Mobile Nonroad
Mobile On road
Solvent
Industrial Proc
Fires
Biogenics
1510
] 608
*850
J 1,183
¦ 1,797
~ 2,186
M 2,053
I 2,642
52,940
2,812
m 3,928
J3,520
¦ 4,449
I 5,287
voc
¦ 2014v1
~ 2011v2
¦38,679
40.7281 M
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
Agriculture
Biogenics
Dust
Solvent
Mobile On road
Misc
Fires
Mobile Nonroad
Industrial Proc
Fuel Combustion
TorisxlOOO
¦ 149
J 195
1203
1496
|572
J 667
S02
¦2014v1
~ 2011v2
3,953
5.445
2,000
4,000
6,000
Solvent
Modi e Nonroad
Biogenics
ndustria Proc
Modi e Onroad
Fuel ComDustion
Fires
Agriculture
Tons xiooo
NH3
¦ 2014v1
~ 2011v2
| 3,173
\ 3,528
Biogenics
PM10
Solvent
MoDi e Nonroad
2014v1
MoDile Onroad
~ 2011v2
ndustria Proc
Fue ComDustion
2,038
Fires
2,532
5,877
Agriculture
10,980
TorisxlOOO
5,000
10,000
13,8 15
15,000
Biogenics
PM2.5
Solvent
MoDi e Onroad
2014v1
~ 2011v2
MoDi e Nonroad
Industrial Proc
Fuel ComDustion
1,172
Agriculture
1,532
1,265
1.719
Fires
2,124
1,000
2,000
3,000
-------
Agriculture
Solvent
2014v1
2011v2
2,066
Industrial Proc
2,452
2,082
059
,526
6,655
6,842
Fuel Combustion
Biogenics
419
15,066
Mobile Nonroad
19,596
Fires
23,759
21.835
Mobi e Onroad
TonsxlOOO
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
Biogenics
Black Carbon
So vent
Agriculture
2014v1
~ 2011v2
industrial Proc
Fuel Combustion
Mobi e Onroad
Mobi e Nonroad
Fires
Tons xlOOO
250
Dust
Biogenics
Agriculture
Solvent
Misc
Industrial Proc
Mobile Onroad
Fuel Combustion
Mobile Nonroad
Fires
Tons xlOOO
%
2
1
2
3
3
Acrolein
2014v1
~ 2011v2
Biogenics
Dust
Mobile Nonroad
Solvent
Mobile Onroad
Agriculture
Fires
Misc
Industrial Proc
Fuel Combustion
TonsxlOOO
Chlorin
e
¦ 2014v1
~ 2011v2
| 0.05
10.07
O.Ol
¦ 0.29
~ 0.27
BP 0.52
10.35
¦ 1.24
^\(M2
U1.55
1 4.56
Biogenics
Dust
Solvent
Agriculture
Misc
Industrial Proc
Fires
Fuel Combustion
Mobile Onroad
Mobile Nonroad
TonsxlOOO
Diesel-
PM10
¦ 2014v1
~ 2011v2
100
1154
168
Agriculture
Dust
Misc
Solvent
Industrial Proc
Fuel Combustion
Mobile Onroad
Mobile Nonroad
Fires
Biogenics
Tons xlOOO q
Fort
naldehv
rde
¦ 2014v1
~ 2011v2
122
T 13
U33
J 31
U37
J 35
m48
45
H26I
1264
9701
1,000
In most cases, for most pollutants, 2014 emissions estimates are lower than 2011. This aspect is covered more in the trends section presented later in this report.
PM emissions estimates are higher in 2014 for the dust and agricultural categories. However, this increase is an artifact of a method change in 2014 NEI vl. The
dust sectors were unadjusted for meteorology in the 2014 NEI and, thus, appear to be higher than in the 2011 emissions that were adjusted for precipitation. This
artifact will be corrected in the 2014 NEI v2.
Fire emissions are lower in 2014 than 2011 for all CAPs because 2014 was a milder fire year than 2011. However, HAP Emission Factors (EFs) for prescribed fires
and wildfires were revised based on new studies, so formaldehye and acrolein EFs are now larger, resulting in higher 2014 emission estimates for fires for some
pollutants.
The 2014 increase in the industrial processes sector for chlorine emissions come primarily from the chemical manufacturing sector. Similarly, the increase in 2014
chlorine emissions in the "Misc" category comes from landfills and industrial incineration.
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Regional Profiles of 2014 NEI vl Data
In this section, regional profiles of CAPs, CAP precursor emissions, BC, and select HAPs will be presented.
The regional emissions profile is based on the NCDC Regions. The 9 NCDC Regions are based on the climatological map developed and maintained by the U.S.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The 9 regions are based on similar meteorology, which affects many emissions and emission processes.
The NCDC regions are shown below in Figure 7 and have been used previously in the 2008 and 2011 NEI reports.
The regional analysis (Figures 8a-8e) identifies the emission source types with the largest emission contributions in each NCDC Region for CAP and CAP precursors
only. Within each NCDC Region, sectors with emission sums greater than 50,000 tons within the stationary, mobile, and fire source types are listed and sorted
into four emission ranges beginning with 50,000 tons and up to greater than 1,500,000 tons. Note that the emission ranges listed in Figures 8a-8e are in thousand
tons. Emissions are summarized by the same 17 sectors that were indicated in the national profile (section III pie charts). This analysis helps draw out predominant
sectors in each region by pollutant.
Note that the emissions shown in each of the Figures 8a-8e are emissions x 1000 tons.
Figure 7: NCDC Climate Regions Map
U. S. Climate Regions
Central
Northwest
Southwest
(Ohio Valley)
EastNorthCentral
South
West
(Upper Midwest)
Northeast
Southeast
WestNorthCentral
(Northern Rockies and Plains)
Source: NOAA National Climatic Data Center - U.S. Climate Regions
http: //www. ncdc. noaa. go v/crn/usrcrn/regio nma p. html
-------
Color Coding (legend) for all the
graphics included in Figure 8a-8e.
Figure 8a: Emissions (lOOOx) source types with the largest regional contributions for PM2.5
STATIONARY SOURCES
Agriculture
Dust - Roads/ Construction
Industrial Processes
Miscellaneous
Solvents
Fuel Combustion
Commercial/Institutional
Electric Generation
Industrial Boilers
Residential
MOBILE SOURCES
Aircraft
Commercial Marine Vessels
Locomotives
Nonroad Equipment
Onroad Vehicles
FIRE SOURCES
Agriculture Field Burning
Prescribed Fires
Wildfires
PM2.5
50-100
101-500
501-1,500
>1,500
NCDC
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Central
E N Central
Northeast
Northwest
South
Southeast
Southwest
West
W N Central
The PM2.5 regional profile in Figure 8a reveals the following:
The major PM2.5 emission contributions are from agriculture, dust, and miscellaneous sources. The miscellaneous sources include mostly commercial cooking and
open burning in the northeast region. There are no contributions greater than 501,000 tons for PM2.5 from any individual region from any of the sectors depicted
above.
In the lowest PM2.5 emissions bin (50,000-100,000 total tons) in the central region, electric generating utilities (EGUs) play a significant role within stationary
sources. In this same emissions bin, residential wood combustion (RWC) is seen to play a role in several regions.
The agriculture, dust, and miscellaneous sectors play a significant role for PM2.5 in many regions. Fires are seen to be contributors in the South, Southeast
(prescribed fires), Northwest, and West regions.
Mobile sources do not contribute more than 50,000 tons of PM2.5 to any of the regions.
-------
Color Coding (legend) for all the
graphics included in Figure 8a-8e.
Figure 8b: Emissions (lOOOx) source types with the largest regional contributions for SO2
STATIONARY SOURCES
Agriculture
Dust - Roads/ Construction
Industrial Processes
Miscellaneous
Solvents
Fuel Combustion
Commercial/Institutional
Electric Generation
Industrial Boilers
Residential
MOBILE SOURCES
Aircraft
Commercial Marine Vessels
Locomotives
Nonroad Equipment
Onroad Vehicles
FIRE SOURCES
Agriculture Field Burning
Prescribed Fires
Wildfires
S02
50-100
101-500
501-1,500
>1,500
NCDC
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Central
E N Central
Northeast
Northwest
South
Southeast
Southwest
West
WN Central
The SO2 regional profile in Figure 8b reveals the following:
Stationary sources make up the major contributors of S02 from most regions.
EGUs are significant contributors of S02 in the EN Central, Northeast, Southeast, WN Central, Central, Southwest? and South regions (in the South and Central
region, EGUs contribute at the 500,000 - 1,500,000-ton level).
Industrial boilers and residential sources are contributors of S02 in the EN Central, Central, Northeast, South and Southeast regions.
Industrial process are contributors of SO2 as well in the South, Southeast, WN Central, and Central regions, with large contributions in those regions from chemical
manufacturing, oil and gas production, and petroleum refineries.
-------
Color Coding (legend) for all the
graphics included in Figure 8a-8e.
Figure 8c: Emissions (lOOOx) source types with the largest regional contributions for NH3
STATIONARY SOURCES
Agriculture
Dust - Roads/ Construction
Industrial Processes
Miscellaneous
Solvents
Fuel Combustion
Commercial/Institutional
Electric Generation
Industrial Boilers
Residential
MOBILE SOURCES
Aircraft
Commercial Marine Vessels
Locomotives
Nonroad Equipment
Onroad Vehicles
FIRE SOURCES
Agriculture Field Burning
Prescribed Fires
Wildfires
nh3
50-100
101-500
501-1,500
>1,500
>-
>
>
>-
tc
ro
ro
ro
c
CD
c
CD
c
(D
c
(D
0
0
0
0
-M
_Q
O
ln
u_
+->
CO
i_i_
+->
CO
i_i_
+->
CO
i_i_
Central
E N Central
Northeast
Northwest
South
Southeast
Southwest
West
WN Central
The NH3 regional profile in Figure 8c reveals the following:
Most of the NH3 emissions come from wildfires (in the lower emission rate bins) or the agriculture sectors (livestock and fertilizer application).
The South and EN Central regions show the highest levels of contribution from agricultural emissions to stationary source NH3 emissions.
Mobile sources do not contribute more than 50,000 tons of NH3to any of the regions.
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Color Coding (legend) for all the Figure 8d: Emissions (lOOOx) source types with the largest regional contributions for NOx
graphics included in Figure 8a-8e
STATIONARY SOURCES
Agriculture
Dust - Roads/ Construction
Industrial Processes
Miscellaneous
Solvents
Fuel Combustion
Commercial/Institutional
Electric Generation
Industrial Boilers
Residential
MOBILE SOURCES
Aircraft
Commercial Marine Vessels
Locomotives
Nonroad Equipment
Onroad Vehicles
FIRE SOURCES
Agriculture Field Burning
Prescribed Fires
Wildfires
NOx
50-100
101-500
501-1,500
>1,500
NCDC
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Central
E N Central
Northeast
Northwest
South
Southeast
Southwest
West
WN Central
The NOx regional profile in Figure 8d reveals the following:
At the lowest levels of NOx contribution, industrial sources and in general stationary sources, along with mobile sources and fires in the North and Southwest
regions make the largest contributions.
At intermediate levels of NOx contribution, onroad mobile sources and EGUs contribute in many regions, along with some industrial sources.
At the largest levels of NOx contribution, onroad sources contribute the most in several regions.
A diverse set of sectors contribute to NOx emissions in the regions.
-------
Color Coding (legend) for all the
graphics included in Figure 8a-8e.
Figure 8e: Emissions (lOOOx) source types with the largest regional contributions for VOC
STATIONARY SOURCES
Agriculture
Dust - Roads/ Construction
Industrial Processes
Miscellaneous
Solvents
Fuel Combustion
Commercial/Institutional
Electric Generation
Industrial Boilers
Residential
MOBILE SOURCES
Aircraft
Commercial Marine Vessels
Locomotives
Nonroad Equipment
Onroad Vehicles
FIRE SOURCES
Agriculture Field Burning
Prescribed Fires
Wildfires
VOC
50-100
101-500
501-1,500
>1,500
NCDC
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Stationary
Mobile
Fires
Central
E N Central
Northeast
Northwest
South
Southeast
Southwest
West
WN Central
The VOC regional profile in Figure 8e reveals the following:
There are a diverse set of source categories that make contributions to total anthropogenic VOC emissions from all the regions.
Fires and mobile sources (onroad and nonroad sources) make the heavier VOC contributions. The mobile contributions are mostly from gasoline powered vehicles
and nonroad equipment.
Industrial sources in the South region contribute more than 1.5 million tons to the total VOC in that region, of which most is from oil and gas production.
Fires are also seen to be major contributors in many regions to VOC emissions.
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In this section, the regional analyses continue by looking at how regional emissions have changed in the 2014 NEI compared to the 2011 NEI. The charts in Figure 9
show how the emissions for PM2.5 and all precursors, as well as select HAPs and diesel-PM (note that diesel-PM is not a HAP by definition), compare between the 2014
NEI vl and the 2011 NEI v2. The pollutant emissions are summarized by the major source types - stationary, mobile, fires, and biogenics. The chart on the left shows
2014 emissions, and the chart on the right shows 2011 emissions. Primary PM2 5 is shown in the charts as "PM25-PRI" and is the sum of all PM2.5 (filterable and
condensable).
Figure 9: Regional Emissions comparisons between the 2014 NEI vl and 2011 NEI v2
PM2.5 and precursors
u 2'500
| 2,000
o
^ 1,500
1,000
500
Tons 0
NCDC Regions
Stationary Source Emissions for PM2.5 and precursors
2011 NEI v2
I
¦Del
a
nrrl
nniiii in
jdD
~ PM25-PRI ~ S02 ~ NH3 E3VOC ~ NOx
NCDC Regions
Stationary Source Emissions for PM2.5 and precursors
2014 NEI vl
w 2,500
I 2,000
o
* 1,500
1,000
500
Tons 0
a
1
In 1
In.
nJ]n
N nn.fl nJn Inn
In
X?
-------
, 12,000
; 10,000
' 8,000
,000
,000
,000
NCDC Regions
Biogenic Source Emissions for PM2.5 and precursors
2011NEI v2
G*
^
~ PM25-PRI ~ S02
c/
I NH3 0VOC ~ NOx
J?
12,000
i 10,000
jl 8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
Tons 0
NCDC Regions
Biogenic Source Emission for PM2.5 and precursors
2014 NEI vl
PI 1-1
& rj JO f
^ <4>
~ Acrolein ED Formaldehdye ~ Chlorine M DIESEL-PM 10
70
1 60
o 50
h 40
30
20
10
TonsO
NCDC Regions
Mobile Source Emissions for Select HAPs
2011 NEI v2
F]
1
:
1
8
*
1
I
₯
|]
n
I
n
n
<$¦ ^
~ Acrolein ED Formaldehdye ~ Chlorine 03 DIESEL-PM 10
« 70
I60
| 50
40
30
20
10
TonsO
C/
NCDC Regions
Mobile Source Emissions for Select HAPs
2014 NEI vl
JZL
^
-------
20
TonsO
NCDC Regions
Fire Source Emissions for Select HAPs
2011 NEI v2
^
~ Acrolein ED Formaldehdye ~ Chlorine E3 DIESEL-PM10
J?
S 80
20
TonsO
NCDC Regions
Fire Source Emissions for Select HAPs
2014 NEI vl
y & J? c? J?
~ Acrolein E3 Formaldehdye ~ Chlorine E3 DIESEL-PM10
TonsO
Biogenic HAP Emissions
NCDC Regions
Biogenic Source Emissions for Select HAPs
2011 NEI v2
i r
~ Acrolein ~ Formaldehdye ~ Chlorine E3 DIESEL-PM10
g 250
| 200
NCDC Regions
Biogenics Source Emissions for Select HAPs
2014 NEI vl
J L
# ^
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¦ Precipitation adjustment for road dust.
¦ Update emissions factors for some nonpoint sectors (e.g., residential wood combustion, industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) fuel combustion,
solvents, oil and gas sources).
¦ Update nonpoint tools: activity data, minor improvements of methods (e.g., county-level sulfur content for ICI fuel combustion, mercury, oil and gas).
¦ Make updates to point and nonpoint sources from state/local/tribal air agencies review of 2014 NEI vl data, including their review of the 2014 NEI vl
in the ongoing draft 2014 NATA work.
¦ Include new onroad and nonroad mobile model inputs for development of updated mobile source emission estimates.
¦ Develop final v2 documentation.
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NEI:
BC/EC:
BEIS:
2014 NEI:
2011 NEI:
NCDC:
RWC:
ICI:
vl:
v2:
TSD:
PM:
PM2.5:
PM10:
NH3:
S02:
NOx:
CAPs:
HAPs:
DPM:
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
National Emissions Inventory
Black Carbon and Elemental Carbon, used interchangeably
Biogenic Emission Inventory System (Model to estimate biogenic VOC and NOx emissions)
Refers to version 1 of the 2014 NEI inventory, published October 2016
Refers to version 2 of the 2011 NEI inventory, published in 2014
National Climactic Data Center's definition of U.S. Climate Regions
Residential Wood Combustion
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional
Version 1
Version 2
Technical Support Document
Particulate Matter
Particulate Matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter
Particulate Matter 10 microns or less in diameter
Ammonia
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Criteria Air Pollutants
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Diesel Particulate Matter (PM10 emissions from mobile sources only, also called diesel-PMlO)
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United States Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Publication No. EPA-454/R-19-006
Environmental Protection Air Quality Assessment Division April 2017
Agency Research Triangle Park, NC
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