United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance
Washington, DC 20460
EPA-300-F-98-002e
February 1998
i^rEPA Fe<^era' Facilities Toxic Release arid Reduction
Initiatives Fact Sheet
Background
Executive Order 12856, entitled "Federal Compliance with
Right-To-Know Laws and Pollution Prevention
Requirements", was signed by President Clinton on
August 3. 1993, The primary objectives of EO 12856 are
to encourage Federal facilities to:
• Develop pollution prevention plans to reduce toxic
releases by 50%;
• Collect and report data on the quantity of hazardous
materials stored, used, and released at the facility;
• Ensure publtc access to use and release information.
Federal facilities are required to submit annual TRI reports
starting in 1995 for data collected in 1S94.
DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE
1995 Waste Management Distribution
0%
3%
0%
97%
Recycling
Energy Recovery
¦ Trea&rrerst
a Releases
Approach
A study was undertaken to analyze Federal facility TRI data for 1994 and 1995 to: 1} determine the most commonly
used and released chemicals: 2) identify currently used pollution prevention (P2) approaches and on-going pollution
prevention research and development to lower or substitute the use of a chemical: and 3) identify potential
RD/transition needs. As of January 1998, fifteen chemical Fact Sheets have been developed. Please refer to the
back page to order Fact Sheets for other chemicals.
This Fact Sheet contains two charts and four main sections:
*
The charts represent the waste management distribution and percent change of TRI reported quantities.
Chemical Profile section.
identified and used P2 approaches section.
On-going P2 research and development section.
P2 research and development/transition needs section,
TRI Reported Quantities - Percent Change 1994 and 1995
S,
c
JZ
O
1,00
0 80
0 60
0 40
0.20
0.00
-0.20
-0.40
-0 60
-0.80
TRI"
Releases
Recycling
Energy Recovery
Treatment
Releases plus
Reporting
On-Site Off-Site
On-Site Off-Site
On-Site Off-Site
Off-site Treatment
1994 (lbs)
752.459
0 0
17.99S 0
o
o
752,459
1995 (lbs)
649,792
0 0
19.815 0
0 0
649,792
% Change
-14%"
0% 0%
10% 0%
0% 0%
-14%
Page 1 of 4
DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE
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CHEMICAL PROFILE: DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE
CAS #: 76-14-2
SYNONYMS
COMMON USES IN THE U.S.
Ohttp mail odsr>et com/TRlFactsO
ACUTE HEALTH HAZARDS
#ntto mail odsnet com/TRlFacts#
CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARDS
fthtto mail odsnet com/TRIFacts#
COMMON P2 INITIATIVES
*http mail odsnet com/TRIFacts*
R 114
F-114
PROPELIANT 114
CFC 114
FLUOROCARBON-114
REFRIGERANT 114
The Federal facilities which reported releases of CFC 114 in the TRI reports for 1994 and 1995
used the chemical as a coolant for centralized refrigeration systems {NASA Lewis Research
Center), and to cool propulsion systems in Navy air-breathing engines. Two of the Navy
facilities that: reported TRI releases will be closing in 1997.
CFC 114 is one o! many ozone depleting substances used as refrigerants. The EPA describes
Class II end uses for reciprocating, centrifugal and screw chillers as, "air conditioning systems
that perform a critical mission in a high temperature industrial environment . ~ The Navy is one
of the largest users of refrigerant CFC 114 in air-conditioning equipment, with over 959 plants
installed onboard 252 surface combatant and submarines. These plants provide chilled water
for various cooling applications including weapons systems and are considered mission critical
plants (source Breslin, D A., Brunner. G P., and Joseph C. Thill Navy's CFC and Halon
Elimination Program http://home navisoft com/navyozone/index html) CFC 114 is also used
as a refrigerant for conducting cold sensitivity studies at dental clinics
CFC 114 causes asphyxia at extremely high concentrations. Although CFC-114 has not been
directly implicated, sniffing aerosols of other fluorinated hydrocarbons has caused sudden
death owing to cardiac arrest, probably a result of sensitization of the myocardium to
epinephrine The liquid spilled on the skin may cause frostbite (source. Proctor. Nick H.,
Hughes, J P , and Fischman, M L "Chemical Hazards of the Workplace" 2nd edition. Van
Nostrand Reinhold 1989)
• CFC 114 caused no effects as determined by clinical, biochemical and histologic examinations
when rats and dogs were exposed to high levels for a 90 day test period
Refrigerant NASA Lewis Research Center has investigated the feasibility of replacing CFC-
114 with one listed in 40 CFR Parts 9 and 82 One system will be replaced with another
containing R-123 this fiscal year
Dental Clinics HFC 134a based product called Green Endo-lce is a substitute for CFC 114.
For more information, contact L! Col Kane, DOS Dental Investigation Armstrong Laboratory
210-536-3502
Additional information regarding chemical hazards and access to Material Safety Data Sheets can be reached through
the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry web page: http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov.8080/- refer to ToxFAQs.
FEDERAL FACILITIES REPORTING
COMMON USES OF: DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE
Federal Faculties Reporting in both 1994 and 1995 3
Federal Facilities Reporting Only in 1994 1
Federal Facilities Reporting Only in 1995 1
REFRIGERANT
POLLUTION PREVENTION APPROACHES CURRENTLY IN USE
REFRIGERANT'
• The Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) is a trade association representing equipment and component manufacturers in the U.S
In July 1997, ARI announced the latest release of its refrigerant database. The database contains profiles of 398 refrigerants including blends
The profiles indicate common uses, identifiers, commercialization status, and phaseout dates. They also provide representative physical
properties, environmental data, and safety information and classifications The database includes SO tabular summaries, which show
compatibility test finding for alternative refrigerants and associated lubricants with elastomers and plastics, and 19 detailed toxicity summaries
The database has an extensive bibliography For more information, contact John Nash at 703-524-3800 (source: http://www.ari.org/pr).
Page 2 of 4
DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE
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POLLUTION PREVENTION APPROACHES CURRENTLY IN USE
REFRIGERANT
• Bath Iron Works, the lead design yard for DDG-51 Flight lia, recently awarded a contract to York International to manufacture 200-ton HFC 134a
centrifugal compressor air conditioning plants for DDG-83 and follow-on shops. This will be the first installation of the Navy's newly developed
ozone-friendly AC plant The new plant replaces the CFC-114 AC plants currently used on DDG-51 class ships The new design has an
improved compressor operating range and efficiency and acoustic performance particularly at part-load conditions and offers other advantages.
The new AC unit is being developed at Ehe Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (CDNSWC) (source Navy CFC & Halon
Clearinghouse. CFC-Halon News. Spring 1997, December 1996).
• The Navy's Shipboard Environmental Information Clearinghouse lists HCFC-124 and HFC-236a as alternatives to CFC-114 HCFC 124 retrofits
may require extensive hardware modifications due to the differences between physical properties of CFC-114 and HCFC-124, especially due to
the higher operating pressures of HFC-124. Manufacturers of HCFC substitutes include" SUVA-124 manufactured by DuPont. Forane 124
manufactured by Elf Atochem, and R-124 manufactured by several companies HFC-236a substitutes include DuPont's SUCA-236fa and 3M's
R-235fa HFC-236fa retrofits may require compressor/impeller replacement due to the differences between physical properties of CFC-14 and
HFC-236fa HFC-236fa is being pursued as the retrofit alternative for the US Navy shipboard CFC-114 chillers. HFC-236fa has a GWP of
6,940 compared to carbon dioxide (C02=1). In August 1994, the Navy established a policy that CFC-114 air conditioning plants for Navy
submarines will rely on the Navy's mission crstical reserve of CFC-114 and will not undergo conversion (source Breslin. D.A., Brunner, G.P ,
and Joseph C Thill. Navy's CFC and Halon Elimination Program. http.//home navisoft.com/navyozone/index html)
• EPA has approved several HCFCs as alternatives for CFC 114 for air conditioning. According to the June 3. 1997 Federal Register Notice (62
CFR 30275), the replacements are: Commercial Refrigeration ammonia vapor compression, evaporative/desiccant cooling, Stirling Cycle, direct
nitrogen expansion, pressure stepdown, C02, volatile methyl silixanes. water, mineral oil; Non-commercial Refrigeration -- industrial process
refrigeration: (retrofit uses and new uses) HCFC 236fa, propane, propylene, butane, HC blend A, B. chlorine, evaporative,'desicant cooling.CFC-
114 Industrial Process AC (new uses) HCFC-22 only <115F, HCFC 134a only <125F, (retrofit uses and new uses) HCFC 124. R-401A, R-401B
R-401C; and CFC-114 Centrifugal Chillers, (new uses) HCFC-123, HCFC-22, HCFC-227ea, ammonia vapor compression, evaporative cooling,
desiccant cooling, ammonia/water absorption, and water/lithium bromide absorption; (retrofit uses and new uses) HCFC-124, HCFC-134a.
HCFC 236fa.
ON-GOING POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
REFRIGERANT
Refrigerant Alternatives
UNEP's OzonAction Clearinghouse provides a clearinghouse function to help developing countries phase out their ozone depleting substances
UNEP lE's OzonAction Programme provides industry, government, and other stakeholders with information exchange services, training, and
networking of ODS officers One of these services is the OzonAction newsletter The newsletter, OzonAction, can be found at
http.//www unepie org/ozat/oan/oan21foan21.html UNEP IE has several technology guides and other publications concerning ODS replacements
including a software program with a database of substitutes. Information on the UNEP IE OzonAction Programme can be found at:
http //www unepie.org/ozonaction html. Countries that signed the Montreal Protocol created a Multilateral Fund which disburses funds to support
countries in eliminating ODS. At a November 1996 meeting, the representatives agreed to allocate USS540 million to eliminate more than 30 000
tonnes of ODS from 1997 - 1999 The Montreal Protocol was renewed in early December 1997
Ref ri g e ra n t A Ite rn at iv es
DOD and private industry continue to search for environmentally acceptable replacements for ozone depleting substances. The Navy's Carderock
Division. Naval Surface Warfare Center is developing 3 HFC-134a replacement for an 800 ton centrifugal compressor AC plant for CVN-76, and a
125 ton screw compressor AC plan! for smaller surface ships, and a 1.5 ton rotary vane compressor refrigeration plant for the DDG-79 and follow-on
ships (CDNSWC POC. Dick Helmick, 410-293-3348, source, (source: Navy CFC & Halon Clearinghouse CFC-Halon News. Spring 1997, December
1996).
POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT / TRANSITION NEEDS
REFRIGERANT
• It appears as though the use of CFC 114 can be reduced either through current techniques and commercially available products or on-going
R&D No additional R&D seems necessary to resolve the need
Federal Facilities Which Reported for Both 1994 and 1995
Facility
1994Release+ 1995 Release+ Percent
Off-site Treatment Off-site Treatment Change
U.S ENRICHMENT CORP. PADUCAH, PADUCAH, KY
U.S. ENRICHMENT CORP.. PIKETON, OH
360,000
350,000
NASA JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FL
U.S. DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY. RICHMOND, VA
NASA LEWIS RESEARCH CENTER. CLEVELAND, OH
370.000
15,960
6,499
0
290,000 -22%
224 100%
0 4 00%
9,568 47%
Pag* 3 oi 4
DiCHLOROTETRAFLUQROETHANE
-------
if you have additional information regarding an identified or used P2 approach, on-going P2 research and development,
or any P2 research and development/transition needs, please notify Will Garvey, US EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue,
NW. Ariel Rios Building, 3rd Floor, Washington. DC 20004-2403. or fax (202) 501-0069.
Page 4 of 4
DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE
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