United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance
Washington, DC 20460
EPA-300-F-98-002g
February 1998
JELePA federal Facilities Toxic Release and Reduction
Initiatives Fact Sheet
Background
Executive Order 12856, entitled "Federal Compliance with
Right-To-Know Laws and Pollution Prevention
Requirements", was signed by President Clinton on
August 3, 1993. The primary objectives of EO 12856 are
to encourage Federal facilities to:
• Develop pollution prevention plans to reduce toxic
releases by 50%;
• Collect and report data on the quantity of hazardous
materials stored, used, and released at the facility;
m Ensure public access to use and release information.
Federal facilities are required to submit annual TRI reports
starting in 1995 for data collected in 1994.
FREON 113
1995 Waste Management Distribution
0%
48%
0%
52'
Recycling
Energy Recovery
¦ Treatment
a Releases
Approach
A study was undertaken to analyze Federal facility TRi data for 1994 and 1995 to: 1) determine the most commonly
used and released chemicals; 2) identify currently used pollution prevention (P2) approaches and on-going pollution
prevention research and development to lower or substitute the use of a chemical: and 3) identify potential
RD/transition needs. As of January 1998, fifteen chemical Fact Sheets have been developed. Please refer to the
back page to order Fact Sheets for other chemicals.
This Fact Sheet contains two charts and four main sections:
*
The charts represent the waste management distribution and percent change of TRI reported quantities.
Chemical Profile section.
Identified and used P2 approaches section
On-going P2 research and development section.
P2 research and development/transition needs section.
TRI Reported Quantities - Percent Change 1994 and 1995
6
*
-0,40
-0.80
TRI
Reporting
Releases
Recycling
Energy Recovery
Treatment
Releases plus
Off-site Treatment
On-Site Off-Site
On-Site
Off-Site
On-Site
Off-Site
1994 (lbs)
542,871
0 88
3S2.583
51,784
0
20.537
563,408
1995 (lbs)
309,835"
0 0
281,082
5.820
0
971
310,806
% Change
-43%
o%" -ioo%
-22%
-89%
0%
-95%.
-45%
Page 1 of 5
FREON 113
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CHEMICAL PROFILE: FREON 113
CAS#: 76-13-1
SYNONYMS
COMMON USES IN THE U S
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CFC 113
TRICHLOROTRIFLOROETH FREON 113
ACUTE HEALTH HAZARDS
#http://mail.odsnet.Gom/TRIFacts/23S.htmtf
CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARDS
#tittp://mail. odsnet.com/TRlFacts/23S.litml*
COMMON P2 INITIATIVES
#ftttp //mail.odsriet.com/TRIFact5/235.htmW
CFC 113 has been used in precision cleaning operations for many years in industries such as
semiconductor manufacturing, and fabricated metals. Other industrial applications are dry
cleaning, aerosol applications {e g , conformal coatings, contact cleaners), bearer media for
coating and impregnation, vapor soldering, component drying (e.g , for semiconductors and
printed circuit boards), riveting and machining, hydraulic system testing, leak testing, laboratory
processes, mold release agents, solid rocket motors, and oxygen cleaning systems (Solvents,
Coatings and Adhesives Technical Options Committee. 1994 Report of the Solvents, Coatings
and Adhesives Technical Options Committee for the 1995 Assessment of the UNEP Montreal
Protocol on Substances the Deplete the Ozone Layer. 1994).
Exposure can irritate the eyes. nose, and throat. Breathing high concentrations of Freon 113
can cause the hear to beat irregularly or stop. Exposure can cause drowsiness and difficulty in
concentration.
• Repeated exposure can cause skin irritation and rash. Freon 113 has not been tested for its
ability to cause cancer or reproductive failure
• Recycling. Recycle new cleaners to extend life,
• Process efficiency improvements Use alternative equipment in association with new cleaners.
• Solvent substitutes. Substitute alternative cleaners.
Additional information regarding chemical hazards and access to Material Safety Data Sheets can be reached through
the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry web page: http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov.8080/- refer to ToxFAQs.
FEDERAL FACILITIES REPORTING
COMMON USES OF: FREON 113
Federal Facililties Reporting in both 1994 and 1995 8
Federal Facililties Reporting Only in 1994 8
Federal Facililties Reporting Only in 1995 2
PRECISION CLEANING
POLLUTION PREVENTION APPROACHES CURRENTLY IN USE
PRECiSiON CLEANING
• The U.S Air Force B-2 Program approved the use of an aqueous cleaning system for interim cleaning of hydraulic and oxygen tubes and the
final cleaning of hydraulic tubes as a replacement for Freon 113. The system consists of a Proceco Spray cabinet and three approved aqueous
cleaners (Brultn 1990 GD, Rebound 7, and Turco Sprayeze LT). POC. Capt Jason Herman. DSN: 785-9502. Reference: "Weapon System P2
Monitor' January 1997 edition
• Information on alternatives for CFC-113 and methyl chloroform is available from many sources including a vendor list published by the EPA's
Significant New Alternatives^Policy Progiam, Stratospheric Protection Division The document is available from EPA's Stratospheric Ozone
Information Hotline (800) 296-1996. One of the best sites for up-io-the minute information on CFC 113 replacements is the Navy CFC & Halon
Clearinghouse which has a web site (http //home.navisoft.com/navyozone) and a quarterly newsletter. CFC-Halon News. Another seminal
publication is EPA's "Conservation and Recycling Practices for CFC 113 and Methyl Chloroform" EPA/400/1-91/017 June 1991 The
publication discusses conservation practices and strategies specific to batch cleaning, in-line cleaning, and cold cleaning and a section on case
studies of industrial practices. An excellent trade journal for information on precision cleaning is, "Precision Cleaning" published by Witter
Publishing Corporation. Other valuable sources of information for Freon 113 include the Joint Service Pollution Prevention 0at3 Sheets in the
Navy P2 Equipment Book available on the World Wide Web (URL: http://enviro.nfesc.navy.mil/p2library/). and the Defense Logistics Agency
Environmental Products catalogue which is available from the Defense General Supply Center, Richmond. VA, and throuqh the World Wide
Web (URL: http://es.inel.gov or the Navy site listed above).
Page 2 of 5
FREON 113
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POLLUTION PREVENTION APPROACHES CURRENTLY IN USE
PRECISION CLEANING
• Examples of implemented pollution prevention related projects to ODS elimination in general include the following- Advanced Cruise Missile
DSO -- US Air Force -¦ eliminated ODS from all operations
AGM-130 Systems Program Office - US Air Force - eliminated ODS in manufacture of rocket motors
Titan iV Program Office - US Air Force - reduced use of ODS in manufacture of Titan IV launch vehicle
B-52 Program Office - US Air Force -- reduced use of ODS on the B-52 airframe by 5400 ibs
Direct Reporting Program Manager. Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle US Marine Corps. Developed a program for the "ODS-free'
Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle. This vehicle is one of the first weapon systems acquisitions throughout the DOD that expressly prohibits
Class I and Class II ODCs from its design. Peacekeeper Missile — US Air Force and Draper Laboratory — eliminated ODS in the manufacture
and operation of the Peacekeeper Missile, (source ' Navy Takes Home the Gold at EPA Stratospheric Ozone Protection Awards Dinner. Best of
the Best Awards" http //www. navy.seic.com/epaward htm).
• The Center for Technical Excellence for ODC Solvents. Corpus Christi Army Depot tested and implemented alternative chemicals, processes,
and technologies to replace ozone-depleting solvents such as Freon 113 in production, remanufacturing, and repair activities.
• In September, 1996, the Navy's Specification Review Board approved two new specifications, MIL-STD-1330D (Standard Practice for Precision
Cleaning and Testing of Shipboard Oxygen. Helium, Helium-Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen Systems) and MIL-DTL-24800 (Cleaning
Compound, Aqueous Oxygen Systems Components). The new aqueous cleaning process (known as Navy Oxygen Cleaner) detailed in MIL-
STD-1330D will eliminate 95% of the CFC 113 oxygen systems cleaning use. The remaining 5% will be replaced by HCFC-141b and or HFE
7100 The Air Force switched from CFC-113 in handwipe applications to Navy Oxygen Cleaner to clean liquid oxygen, gaseous oxygen, and
liquid nitrogen components found in aircraft Further information on the Navy Oxygen Cleaner is available in the September 1995 edition of the
Weapon. System P2 Monitor.
• A contractor at a Federal facility, Day and Zimmerman, Inc. reported using CFC 113 to clean explosives off the nest of the firing device The
facility is investigating the use of an alternative and is also considering using brush application. The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
uses CFC 113 for cleanliness verification testing for liquid oxygen and other cryogenic systems components, in equipment parts washers, and in
general cleaning products. The Center installed a solvent recovery and recycling system in CY 1996 and has switched to alernate organic
solvents Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory reduced its use of CFC 113 as a coolant by implementing a hazardous materials pharmacy
and by recycling. The facility is also substituting R134a for R12 when possible. NASA Johnson Space center is developing an aqueous
verification method for spacecraft propulsion components The US Marine Corps is trying to find less hazardous solvent replacements for CFC
113 as a solvent cleaner.
| ON-GOING POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
HEAVY-DUTY SOLVENT
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Optical Sub-system Cleaning:
ARDEC, POC Mr. Curtis Anderson, 201-724-4287.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Solvent Replacement.
LANL conducted a project to develop improved techniques for cleaning with supercritical carbon dioxide. LANL has a Supercritical Fluids
Experimental User facility available for exploratory evaluation and long-term R&D Los Alamos National Laboratory; POC: Dale Spall, Ken Laintz.
Plasma Dry Cleaning.
LANL conducted a technology demonstration of plasma dry cleaning on sample components and is developing industrial process techniques.
Process uses an oxygen, radio-frequency plasma to remove hydrocarbon surface contamination, such as cutting fluids, oils, and greases from
components Resultant by-products are carbon dioxide and water vapor Reactive ions generated in a plasma bombard the substrate, releasing
contaminants. Los Alamos National Laboratory: POC Harold Davis.
P2 Technology Maturation:
Ultraviolet Light/Ozone Cleaning. Wright Lab, McDonnell Douglas, SAIC; POC: Harvey LKenfekt (314) 233-2550.
Environmentally Acceptable Cleaning Processes:
U.S. Army. TARDEC: POC: Unknown
Deploy Lactate Esters as Non-toxic. Non-polluting Solvent
Explore the use of inexpensive lactate esters, such as ethyl lactate, for paint equipment cleaning, and honeycomb structure cleaning prior to
bonding Test recovery process Conduct economic analysis. NCMS/ORNL: POC. Mr. Jim Frank, 708-252-7693
Continuous Aqueous Cleaning to Eliminate ODC
RIA. POC: Unknown
Page 3 of 5 FREON 113
l
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ON-GOING POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
HEAVY-DUTY SOLVENT
Aqueous-based Degreasing Technology
The Army's Soldier Systems Command (SSCOM) wilt develop nonpolluting, nontoxic water-based degreasers for cleaning metal/ glass/plastic
surfaces using biopolymer emulsifying materials Develop microbially produced natural surfactants (emulsans) through fermentation processes and
optimize chemical structure of the new materials for specific oil/grease removal needs. Solve production issues for fermentation and purification of
new bioemulsifiers. Relate detergency to chemical structure. Tailor chemical structure of bioemulsifiers for specific degreasing applications
Extramural modify bioemulsifiers by fermentation feeding strategies Chemically characterize new emufsifiers Modify other similar biopolymers
with fermentation technique Optimize bioremediation methods for emulsified oil/grease solutions. NRDEC and AMC-IOC POC: Dr. Fred Allen 508-
233-4266
APMS&E for Aircraft Components
Field demonstration of laser based facility for component cteaning, coating removal and surface preparation, Wright Lab; POC: Robert Hall,
WUMLPJ, DSN 785-2334
APEDOM for a Supercritical Fluid Cleaner for Avionics and Mechanical Components:
Alternative Process Design and Operation Manual for a supercritical fluid cleaner with an interna! chamber sized to accommodate both avionics and
mechanical components. Air Force Research Laboratory. POC: Phil Mykytiuk, WUMLSE, DSN 785-3953, (513) 255-3953.
PRECISION CLEANING
SEMATECB R&D
The leading trade associations for the semiconductor and electronics industries (i e , SEMATECH. Semiconductor Industry Association) a e
supporting R&D projects for finding acceptable substitutes for CFC cleaners.
Electronics Manufacturing Productivity Facility R&D Projects
The Electronics Manufacturing Productivity Facility (EMPF) has a web site (http://wvvw.empf.org) with a technical database of on-going and recently
completed R&D projects. The database contains eighteen projects related to testing and evaluating alternatives for CFC usage for electronics
manufacturing.
Navy Strategic Systems Programs Fire Control and Guidance Branch.
The US Navy Strategic Systems Programs Office is responsible for the design, development, production, and maintenance of the Trident weapon
system. Navy initiated a program to eliminate the use of CFC-113and methyl chloroform. Draper Laboratory, the design agent for the guidance
system, is working with Navy contractors to eliminate CFC-113 from the Trident program.
POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT I TRANSITION NEEDS
PRECISION CLEANING
* On-going R&D and existing commercial Off the shelf technology solutions are adequately addressing the pollution prevention needs for this use
Federal Facilities Which Reported for Both 1994 and 1995
Facility
1994 Release* 1995 Release* Percent
Off-site Treatment Off-site Treatment Change
U.S. AIR FORCE VANDENBERG AFB, VANDENBERG A F B, CA
NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA
NASA JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE, KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FL
NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, LAS CRUCES, NM
NASA LYNDON B. JOHNSON, HOUSTON, TX
U S. AIR FORCE. TINKER AFB, OK
U S. AIR FORCE CAPE CANAVERAL. CAPE CANAVERAL, FL
NASA, HUNTSVILLE, AL
U.S. AIR FORCE PLANT 44 AZ, TUCSON, A2
U.S NAVY PUGET SOUND, BREMERTON, WA
U.S. ARMY LONE STAR ARMY. TEXARKANA, TX
U S DOE LAWRENCE LIVERMORE, LiVERMORE, CA
U.S. MARINE CORPS, CHERRY POINT, NC
U S MARINE CORPS CAMP LEJEUNE. CAMP LEJEUNE. NC
U.S NAVY, JACKSONVILLE. FL
U S NAVY, PORTSMOUTH, VA
0
1,300
214,797
0
16,000
15,021
0
41.000
70,400
12,820
10,000
2,630
28,000
7,395
12,000
16,800
190,291 -11%
8,600 100%
17,000 6%
0 -100%
3.800 44%
27,000 -4%
0 -100%
11,300 -6%
0 -100%
26,000 100%
18,000 -56%
8,510 100%
305 -77%
0 -100%
0 -100%
0 -100%
Page 4 of 5
PRE ON 113
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Federal Facilities Which Reported for Both 1994 and 1995
Facility
1994 Release*
Off-site Treatment
1995 Release* Percent
Off-site Treatment Change
U.S. NAVY NAVAL AIR STATION, ALAMEDA, CA
U.S. AIR FORCE NEWARK AFB, HEATH, OH
34.500
80,945
0 -100%
0 -100%
If you have additional information regarding an identified or used P2 approach, on-going P2 research and development,
or any P2 research and development/transition needs, please notify Will Garvey, US EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue.
NW. Ariel Rios Building, 3rd Floor. Washington. DC 20004-2403. or fax (202) 501-0069.
Page 5 of 5
FREON 113
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