SL FPA SSi Protection ^\xSmartWay V I —>11 j ^Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency^ A Glance at Clean Freight Shipper Strategies Endnotes U.S. Version 2.0.18 (Data Year 2018) EPA-420-B-19-004 | March 2019 | SmartWay Transport Partnership I epa.gov/smartway ------- rnA United States Environmental Protection hI B ^Agency ^vSmartWay U.S. Environmental Protection Agency^ A Glance at Clean Freight Shipper Strategies Endnotes U.S. Version 2.0.18 (Data Year 2018) Transportation and Climate Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA-420-B-19-004 March 2019 ------- >SmartWay tONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY J U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Idle Reduction for Shippers EPA-420-F-19-012 A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Consumer Reports, August 2014. http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2012/11/average-gas-prices/index.htm 2 Ross Somerville, Cummins Western Canada, Idling Myths: How Much is Enough? Presentation at Idle Free B.C. Idling Reduction and Green Fleets Workshop, March 3, 2006. http://www.idlefreebc.ca/2006Presentations/i.RossSomerville-ldlingmyths.pdf Note: Despite the age of the presentation, and changes in diesel engine technology in the interim, the reasons why drivers idle their engines are valid today. 3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium-and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles; Final Rule. Sept. 15, 2011. Federal Register, Vol. 76, No. 179, p. 57153 4 U.S. EPA, Health Assessment Document for Diesel Engine Exhaust. 2002. p. 1 -3 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/dieselfinal.pdf 5 U.S. Government Accountability Office, Report to the Ranking Member; Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. GAO-11-198, January 2011. http://www.gao.gov/highlights/d11198high.pdf 6 U.S EPA and NHTSA, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards; Final Rule. Federal Register, Vol. 76, No. 179. p. 57153 http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/rulemaking/pdf/cafe/2011-20740.pdf 7 U.S. GAO, Report to Ranking Member; GAO-11-198, January 2011. 8 An example is on the EPA.gov under Region 2 Air, Motor Vehicles and Diesel-Powered Equipment, "Reducing Diesel Emissions": http://www.epa.gov/region2/air/aq_mobile.html 9 U.S. EPA, Technical Bulletin: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Why and HowAhey are Controlled. November 1999. EPA 456/F-99-006R. http://www.epa.gov/ttncatci/diri/fnoxdoc.pdf 10 C.S. Sluder, J.M.E. Storey, SA Lewis, and L.A. Lewis. LowAemperature Urea Decomposition and SCR Performance. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2004. http://web.ornl.gov/~webworks/cppr/y200i/rpt/i2200g.pdf?origin=publication_detail 11 California ARB, Proposed Optional Low NOx Standards for Heavy Duty Engines, Extended Engine Warranties, and Heavy DutyA Zero Emission Vehicles Certification. Public Workshop, March 11, 2013. http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/onroad/optionnox/presentations/lownox_ws_031113.pdf 12 Consumer Reports, August 2014 ------- >SmartWay tONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY J U.S. Environmental Protection Agency LntermodaL for Shippers EPA-420-F-19-013 A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Adrien Bailey, "Navigating the LntermodaL Landscape," JournaL of Commerce, Jan. 27, 2014. http://www.joc.com/raiL-intermodaL/intermodaL-shipping/navigating-intermodaL-Landscape_20140127.htmL Free subscription required. BaiLey's growth estimate of 6.8 percent in 2013 is based on data from the LntermodaL Association of North America, Yusen Logistics, and TTX fleet size data. 2 Adrien BaiLey, "Navigating the LntermodaL Landscape," JOC. Ibid. 3 Anthony B. Hatch, "10 Years After: The Second LntermodaL RevoLution." January 2014. p. 8. This is a white paper sponsored by the LntermodaL Association of North America and the American Association of RaiLroads. http://www.intermodaL.org/information/research/assets/tenyrsafter.pdf 4 United States GeoLogicaL Survey, NationaL Map, http://www.nationaLatLas.gov/articLes/transportation/a_freightrr.htmL 5 American Association of RaiLroads, The Environmental Benefits of Moving Freight By Rail, ApriL 2014. https://www.aar.org/BackgroundPapers/EnvironmentaL%20Benefits%200f%20Moving%20Freight%20by%20RaiL.pdf 6 Cristian Facanha and Jeff Ang-OLson, "PoLicies to Reduce GHG Emissions from Freight Movements," ICF InternationaL workshop presentation, sLide 15. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/poLicy/otps/innovation/issuei/poLicies.htm 7 James Kruse et. aL, A Modal Comparison of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects on the General Public 2007. Prepared by the Texas Transportation Institute for U.S. Maritime Administration and NationaL Waterways Foundation, p. 38. 8 Ibid. 9 InternationaL Association of North America, Intermodal Fact Sheet, http://www.intermodaL.org/information/factsheet.php 10 James Kruse et. aL., A Modal Comparison of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects on the General Public 2007. Prepared by the Texas Transportation Institute for U.S. Maritime Administration and NationaL Waterways Foundation, p. 38. http://d2dtL5nnLpfr0r.cLoudfront.net/tti.tamu.edu/documents/TTI-2012-5.pdf 11 Baxter InternationaL, "SustainabiLity Report, Product Transport," 2013. http://sustainabiLity.baxter.eom/product-responsibiLity/product-transport.htmL#intermodaL-transport 12 U.S. EnvironmentaL Protection Agency presentation to the NationaL RetaiL Federation, June 18, 2014. SLide 32. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/smartway/about/documents/webinars/SW-nrf-06-18-14-webinar.pdf 13 Jason Mathers, ELena Craft, MarceLo Norsworthy, and Christina WoLfe, The Green Freight HandbookAhe EnvironmentaL Defense Fund, http://business.edf.org/projects/green-freight-handbook/ 14 Ibid. 15 A Craig, et. aL. Estimating the CO2 Intensity of LntermodaL Freight Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of TechnoLogy, August 2012. p. 4 https://esd.mit.edu/WPS/2012/esd-wp-2012-24.pdf Note: This paper states that whiLe modaL shift from road to raiL is one of a number of proposed strategies for reducing emissions, and intermodaL transport offers shippers an attractive aLternative to truckLoad service, LittLe data is avaiLabLe to shippers to caLcuLate the potentiaLsavings. 16 U.S. EnvironmentaL Protection Agency, SmartWay Transport Partnership: Driving Data Integrity in Transportation SuppLy Chains, http://www.epa.gov/smartway/forpartners/documents/dataquaLity/420b13005.pdf ------- SmartWay* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Load Optimization for Shippers EPA-420-F-19-014 A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 ATMS is business management software that enables companies to manage transportation operations, including carrier procurement and route optimization. Common TMS suppliers include TMW Systems, McLeod Software, and Precision. These companies are mentioned for illustration only and it does not constitute an endorsement.TMS software can reduce fuel costs between five and 15 percent. http://www.chemlogix.com/pdf/Planning_Optimization.pdf http://www.topseng.com/MaxLoad_Case_Study.html 2 Global Commerce Initiative and Capgemini, 2016: Future Supply Chain, May 2008. p. 9. http://www.capgemini.com/resources/future_supply_chain_2016 Commonwealth Supply Chain Advisors, Implementing Best Practices in Supply Chain Management,Au[y 2011. p. 3. http://www.commonwealth-sca.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Transportation-Best-Practices-Report-Web. pdf William Cassidy, Seeking Space, Creating Capacity, Journal of Commerce, Oct. 24, 2011. http://www.joc.com/logistics-economy/seeking-space-creating-capacity Jason Mathers, Elena Craft, Marcelo Norsworthy, and Christina Wolfe, The Green Freight Handbook The Environmental Defense Fund. http://business.edf.org/projects/green-freight-handbook/ Ibid. 7 Ibid. ------- SmartWay* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Packaging Reduction for Shippers EPA-420-F-19-015 A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Ronald Sasine, Sustainable Packaging Goes Beyond Size, Treehugger.com, August 20, 2011. http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/sustainable-packaging-goes-beyond-size.html 2 Lisa McTigue Pierce,"2013 Sustainable Packaging Survey: Reduce Gains As Cost Concerns Rise," Packaging Digest, December 2013. p 14. http://www.packagingdigest.com/sustainable-packaging/reduce-gains-cost-concerns-rise 3 Product stewardship is a policy that ensures that all those involved in the lifecycle of a product share responsibility for reducing its health and environmental impacts, with producers bearing primary financial responsibility. http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/stewardship/products/packaging.htm 4 Justin Lehrer, "Use Reusables: Fundamentals of Reusable Transport Packaging," Reusable Packaging Association. 2012. http://www.epa.gov/statelocalclimate/documents/pdf/3-justin-lehrer-stopwaste.pdf 5 U.S. Packaging and Wrapping, LLC, Consumer Packaging No-No's, March 31, 2014. http://www.uspackagingandwrapping.com/blog/Consumer-Packaging-No-No-s.html 6 Fetzer Vineyards, "Fetzer Vineyards Converts to Lightweight Glass" 2009. http://fetzer.com/assets/client/File/Fetzer-Lightweight-Bottle-fact-sheet-final.pdf 7 Ibid. 8 Gunilla Jonson et al„ "Packaging Logistics and Retailer Profitability: An IKEA case study," Lund University, 2005. p. 5. http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOld=54i306&fileOld=626088 9 Claudia Girrbach, Cisco, "EnergyWise Return on Investment with Cisco Unified IP Phones Solution Overview." 2010. http://www.cisco.eom/c/en/us/products/collateral/collaboration-endpoints/unified-ip-phone-6900-series/solution_overview_ c22-589129.html ------- SmartWay* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Route & Network Optimization EPA-420-F-19-016 for Shippers A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 RoadNet, "Case Study: Associated Food Stores Stays Competitive By Reducing Costs to Retailers." 2012. http://www.roadnet.com/pub/case-studies/Associated-Food-Stores-Stays-Competitive-by-Reducing-Costs-to-Retailers/ 2 Calculation based on this online carbon emissions calculator: http://www.roadnet.com/pages/products/carbon-emissions/index.aspx which is based on U.S. DOE, March 2008 assumptions 3 ERP and TMS are business management software that enable companies to integrate operational processes. Processes including manufacturing, distribution, sales, and marketing are shared to enable the smooth flow of data across all operations. Common ERP systems include Oracle, SAP, and Microsoft; common TMS suppliers include TMW Systems, McLeod Software, and Precision. These companies are mentioned for illustration only and do not constitute an endorsement. 4 Nikolaus Fries and Zachery Patterson, "Carrier or Mode: The Dilemma of Shipper's Choice in Freight Modeling." 2008. http://www.strc.ch/conferences/2008/2008_Fries_Patterson_CarrierOrMode.pdf 5 Tina Filzgerald, Tim Brown, and Elizabeth Stewart, "Subway's Green Journey," Logistics Management, Reed Business Information, April 2009. http://www.chainalytics.eom/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/2009-04-Subways-Journey-to-Green.pdf 6 Compass, When In Doubt: UPS Avoids Left Turns, July 2012. http://compass.ups.com/UPS-driver-avoid-left-turns/ 7 Jason Mathers, Elena Craft, Marcelo Norsworthy, and Christina Wolfe, The Green Freight Handbook The Environmental Defense Fund http://business.edf.org/projects/green-freight-handbook/ 8 Ibid. ------- ^^SmartWay U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' For more information: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Transportation and Air Quality 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC 20460 (734)214-4333 www.epa.gov/transportation-air-poLLution-and- cLimate-change U. S. Environmental Protection Agency National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory 2565 Plymouth Rd. Ann Arbor, Ml 48105 (734) 214-4200 www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-nationaL- vehicLe-and-fueL-emissions-Laboratory-nvfeL EPA 420-B-19-004 I March 2019 I SmartWay Transport Partnership I epa.gov/smartway ------- |