Waste Reduction Model (WARM) Tool
User's Guide
WARM version: 15 (May 2019)
Software version: 1.5
Guide version: May 2019
Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. Installation 2
2.1 Hardware and software requirements 3
3. First start and overview 4
4. Data entry 5
4.1 .Generate scenarios 5
4.2.Further characteristics 7
4.3.General Information 10
4.4.Calculatio n 10
5. Results 11
5.1 .Summary 11
5.2.Analysi s 12
5.3.Chart s 13
5.4.Report export 16
6. Saving data 16
7. Other features 17
8. Contact 17
v»EPA
EPA530-R-19-002
May2019 United States
www.epa.qov/warm Environmental Protection
Agency
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
1. Introduction
The Waste Reduction Model (WARM) was created by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to help solid waste planners and organizations estimate greenhouse gas (GHG)
emission reductions and economic impacts from several different waste management
practices. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to WARM users in downloading,
installing, and using the WARM Tool, including an overview of the tool's key functions and
capabilities.
WARM calculates GHG emissions, energy, and economic impacts for baseline and alternative
waste management practices, including source reduction, recycling, combustion,
composting, and landfilling. The model calculates emissions in metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (MTCO2E) and metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE), energy in millions of BTUs
(MMBTU), wage impacts, tax impacts, and labor hours supported across a wide range of
material types commonly found in municipal solid waste (MSW). The user can construct various
scenarios by simply entering data on the amount of waste handled by material type and by
management practice. WARM then automatically applies material-specific emission, energy,
and economic factors for each management practice to calculate the GHG emissions,
energy use, and economic impacts of each scenario. Several key inputs, such as landfill gas
recovery practices and transportation distances to MSW facilities, can be modified by the user.
The GHG emission factors used in WARM are based on a life cycle perspective. The model
documentation describes this methodology in detail. The WARM model was implemented in
the free, open source life-cycle assessment (LCA) software called openLCA. The resulting
openLCA database is used for the calculation of impacts in the WARM Tool described in this
guide. The WARM version implemented in this software is WARM vl5 (May 2019).
2. Installation
There are versions of the WARM Tool available for Windows (64 bit and 32 bit upon request) and
Mac (64 bit and 32 bit upon request). In all cases, the tool is provided in a compressed file (*.zip,
*.gz), which should be first downloaded and then its content extracted (i.e., right click on the
file -> Extract...).
A folder "WARM" will be then generated. The file "WARM.exe" contained in it should be run to
get the application started.
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
~ This PC ~ Downloads ~ WARM
>
Name
configuration
jre
licenses
plugins
workspace
xulrunner
.eclipseproduct
LICENSE.txt
O WARM.exe
Figure 1. Content of WARM folder when extracted from the compressed file
2.1 Hardware and software requirements
Hardware:
• 1 GB RAM
• 140 MB (Windows), 64 MB (Mac) free hard disk space
Software:
• Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime vlO needs to be installed on Windows 64 bit because the
WARM Tool contains a browser engine for the display of modern HTML pages that requires
this runtime. If you have not installed it before running the tool, a message like in Figure 2
would be shown. You can download this runtime here.
|V Enable modern browser support X ^
1 Enable modern browser support
Warm contains a browser engine for the display of modem
i HTML pages. It requires the [Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime v1Q I
| to be installed on Windows Mbit which seems to be not the
case on your system. In order to run WARM, it is necessary to
install this runtime.
I I Do not show this message again .
Figure 2. Message displayed if the MS Visual C++ Runtime vlO is missing
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
3. First start and overview
When first running WARM, the Home page is shown providing some information and tips about
the tool.
S" WARM | u || E ||
EH y U&J] fit
j Home £3
Waste Reduction Model (WARM)
EPA created WARM to help solid waste planners and organizations track and voluntarily report greenhouse gas emissions reductions, energy savings,
and economic impacts from several different waste management practices.
Use this program to describe the baseline and alternative MSW management scenarios that you want to compare. Please follow the steps below to enter
your material tonnage information in the input boxes in the tables, and select appropriate landfill, anaerobic digestion, and waste transport
characteristics.
For information on the definition of each of the WARM material types and underlying life-cycle data, please see the WARM documentation.
Tips:
If the listed material is not generated in your community/organization or you do not want to analyze it, leave it blank or enter 0.
Make sure that the total quantity generated equals the total quantity managed.
If you have any questions, consult the WARM User's Guide.
Report:
¦ Alter clicking "Get started", fill out the baseline and alternative scenario tables on the page "Scenarios" as well as the information on the page
"Further Characteristics", then select the "Calculation" button to create a summary of your project The inputs In the "General information" tab are
optional and may be used to customize your summary report.
Get Started
Figure 3. Home tab
If you click the button "Get Started", a new tab "Data Entry" appears, where the data for the
analysis should be entered by the user. This tab consists of four steps: Scenarios, Further
Characteristics, General Information and Calculation. You can navigate through them by
clicking on the buttons on the top of the tab or on the "Back"/ "Next" buttons on the bottom
of the page. You can also use the scrollbar in the right of the window to see the full content of
each page. Detailed information about the "Data Entry" tab is provided in section 4 of this
guide.
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
U ix 4 te ni &
St Home ^ -OjU tnB) -I
Waste Reduction Model (WARM)
1 Further Clwaclerreacs 3 General Infomatnn
4 Calculation
E
enter data in snort tons (1 short Ion * 2,000 IK
n» Scenario: Describe me baseline generator
alive Scenario; Oescnbe the alternative mana
I and refer to tne user's Gude if you need assistance
and management lor me USW maienais tiled below D the matcnai s not generated m your community or you do not want 10
gement scenano for me MSW materials generated in me baseline
nalyzeil wave it as 0 »
Each input row will be validated to sum up correctly. The tons generated in the baseline scenario must match the tons generated In the alternative scenario.
A re* Is vatdf me stm of ions entered In the BaseSne Scenano columns as 9nm *1 me Tons Generated column is equal to the sun or Ions entered in me Alternative Scenario
Generate*! value To generate valid results a» values ertered in I he Mernative Scenaroi column* must add up to too loos to equal the Torn Generated value
olumns For eiample If the Baseline Scenano assumes mal 100 tons or alumnum cans are lanotited ms is tne Tbns
Baseline Scenano
Alternative Scenario
Material
Tons Ton* Tons Tons
Recycled UndfiUed Combusted Composted "1*™ .1'
Digested
Tbns
Generated
Tbn« _ _ Tons
tbns Tbns tons Tom
Source _ . _ _ Anaeroblcally
_ _ Recycled Landtllled Combusted Composted
Reduced r Digested
Corrugated Containers
0 0 0 NTA N/A
0
11 0 Q ~~] 1 0 0 N/A WA
Magaunes/dilrd-ctass Mai
0 0 0 *A MM
0
0 0 0 0 MM WA
Newspaper
0 "1 1 0 | |' 0 NTA WA
0
0 0 0 0 WA N/A
Office Paper
0 C 0 WA N/A
0
0 0 0 D WA WA
Phonebooks
0 0 0 WA WA
0
0 0 0 0 N/AH/A
0 0 0 WA WA
0
0 0 0 0 WA WA
Mued Paper (general)
|l 0 ! ! 5 1 ( 0 N/A HIA
0
0 0 0 0 NrA WA
Moed Paper (pnmaniy residential)
' o" 0 0 m m !
0
0 0 0 0 KM NM
Mned Paper (primarily from offices 1
Il 0 1 r 5 ) I 0 HIA WA
0
ll_ 0 0 \ 1 0 T N'A N/A
Food waste
m 0 0 il 0 1L1 0
0 WA 1 0 0 0 0
Food waste (non-meal)
N'A 0 0 0 0
0
0 WA 0 0 0 0
Food Mute (meal amy)
WA 0 j) 0 0
0
0 MIA 1 0 1 0 o~ rj o (
Bee)
HIA 0 0 0 0
0
N/A 0 0 0 0
Figure 4. "Scenarios" step of the "Data Entry" tab
Several "Data Entry" tabs can exist at the same time in the software (i.e., various assessments);
for creating new ones, just go to the Home tab and click "Get Started". If you had closed it,
you can open it again by clicking on the icon on the toolbar.
After the calculation for the entered data is finalized, results will be shown in a new tab
"Report". Detailed information about the results analysis is provided in section 5 of this guide.
It is also possible to save the data entered in the "Data Entry" tab for future assessments, as
explained in section 6 of this guide.
4. Data entry
4.1. Generate scenarios
Baseline and alternative scenarios can be constructed by simply entering data on the amount
of waste handled by material type and by management practice. There are sixty material
types' (rows) and six management practices available (columns): recycling, landfilling,
combustion, composting, anaerobic digestion, and source reduction. This last practice is only
included in the "Alternative Scenario", and refers to the decrease in waste generation
compared to the waste handled in the baseline scenario.
There is an additional column "Tons generated" which is automatically updated by the tool
and represents the total amount of waste handled in the baseline scenario, per material type.
If data is introduced only for the alternative scenario, this field will remain as "0".
It is not necessary to enter data for all materials and management practices, only for those
relevant for your assessment. When no data is added in a specific cell, the value remains as
1 For more information on the composition of mixed materials, please reference the model documentation chapters
specific to each material type.
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
"0". In addition, not all management practices are available for all material types (e.g., food
waste cannot be recycled). In those cases, "N/A" is written in the correspondent cell and no
data can be entered by the user.
When scrolling down in the page view, the headers of the table columns will not be visible
anymore. However, tooltips are available when typing in or hovering over each cell with
information about the corresponding scenario and management practice.
Material
Corrugated Containers
Magazines/Third-class Mail
Newspaper
Office Paper
Tons
Recycled
Tons
Landfllled
Baseline Scenario
Tons
Combusted
Tons
Composted
Tons
Anaerobically
Digested
N/A
Base scenario - Tons landfllled
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Figure 5. Entering data on the "Scenarios" step of the "Data Entry" tab
The following requirements exist for entering the data:
• Amounts should be entered in short tons2
• Only numbers can be entered (i.e., no formulas supported)
• should be used as decimal separator
• The total amount of waste handled in the baseline scenario has to equal the total
amount of waste entered for the alternative scenario, per material. A validation is done
for each material, and if there were divergences between the quantities generated in
each scenario, that row is highlighted and an exclamation mark added to the left of
the material's name.
I
I
An>«roBicjlly
Digested
AnatroBtcally
Dlg««!«d
Corrugated Ci
Magazines/Third class Mall
Figure 6. Error of validation for several materials in the "Scenarios" step (i.e., baseline total amount ±
alternative total amount)
Once the data have been entered, you can continue to the next step clicking "2. Further
Characteristics" (top of the page) or "Next" (bottom of the page). You can also navigate to
other sections, like heading directly to the calculation if you want the keep all default options
in the next sections. If the "Scenarios" step is left without having fixed possible invalid entries
(i.e., total baseline ± total alternative), a warning message is displayed informing of the user
that these amounts are not equal. The calculation can be run anyway, but the user should be
aware of the existing differences in total quantities between scenarios.
21 short ton = 2,000 lbs = 907.18 kg
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
;|
¦ Warning I
aa\
tic
Sc
The total quantity generated in the
alternative scenario does not equal
the total quantity managed in the
baseline scenario for one or more
materials. Please be aware that the
reported differences between the
baseline and alternative scenarios will
not be correct if you proceed.
N/A
30
Figure 7. Warning message displayed if any material has invalid data entries
4.2. Further characteristics
Several key inputs affecting the GHGs and Energy results can be modified by the user. These
are:
• Locations: they affect the emission factors for those management practices
consuming/avoiding electricity. The specific regional grid mix is used depending on the
state selected by the user in the drop-down menu. The value by default is "National
Average".
2 Further Characteristics
3 General Information
v Locations
In order to account for the avoided electricity-related emissions in the landfilling and combustion pathways, EPA assigns the appropriate regional "marginal" electricity grid mix emission factor based on
your location
Please select state or national average National Average vj
Region location: National Average
Figure 8. Locations options in "Further characteristics" section of the "Data Entry tab
• Waste Transport Characteristics: the distances covered between the location where
the waste was collected and the correspondent management facility can also be
modified. The value by default is 20 miles. You can select the option "Define distance"
to enter new values (also in miles).
2 Further Characteristics
3 General Information
v Waste Transport Characteristics
Emissions that occur during transport of materials to the management facility are included in this model. You may use default transport distances, 20 miles, or provide information on the transport distances for the various MSW
management options
(§> Use default distance
© Define distance
Management option
Landfill
Combustion
Recycling
Composting
Anaerobic Digestion
Default Distance
(miles)
Defined Distance
(miles)
Figure 9. Waste transport options in "Further characteristics" section of the "Data Entry" tab
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
• Source reduction: you can decide whether the material that is source reduced would
have been manufactured from the current mix of recycled and virgin materials or from
100% virgin materials. The option by default is "Current mix".
2 Further Characteristics
3 General Information
4 Calculation
To estimate the benefits from source reduction, EPA usually assumes that the material that is source reduced would have been manufactured from the current mix of virgin and recycled inputs. However, you may choose to estimate the
emission reductions from source reduction under the assumption that the material would have been manufactured from 100% virgin inputs in order to obtain an upper bound estimate of the benefits from source reduction. Select which
assumption you want to use in the analysis. Note that for materials for which information on the share of recycled inputs used in production is unavailable or is not a common practice; EPA assumes that the current mix is comprised of
100% virgin inputs. Consequently, the source reduction benefits of both the "Current mix" and "100% virgin" inputs are the same.
® Current Mix
© 100% Virgin
Figure 10. Source reduction options in "Further characteristics" section of the "Data Entry" tab
• Landfill characteristics: you can determine the:
I) Type of landfill: there are four options available: No landfill gas (LFG) recovery, LFG
recovery for energy, LFG recovery and flared, and a " National Average" type which
calculates emissions based on the proportions of the other three types in 2012.
Depending on the selection, the other two options for landfill characteristics will be
modifiable or not. For instance, if" No LFG Recovery" is selected, there are no further
options to be chosen. On the other hand, if "National Average" is selected, the
option "III) Moisture Conditions and Decay Rates" is also modifiable.
2 Further Characteristics
3 General Information
4 Calculation
v Landfill Characteristics (I, II, III)
v I) Landfill Type
The emissions from landfilling depend on whether the landfill where your waste is disposed has a landfill gas (LFG) control system. If you do not know whether your landfill has LFG control, select
"National Average", which calculates emissions based on the proportions of landfills with LFG control in 2012. If your landfill does not have a LFG system, select "No LFG Recovery". If a LFG system
is in place at your landfill, select "LFG Recovery" and click one of the indented buttons to indicate whether LFG is recovered for energy or flared.
(•> National Average
O No LFG Recovery
O LFG Recovery
(• Recover for energy
I Flare
Figure 11. Landfill type options in "Further characteristics" section of the "Data Entry" tab
II) Landfill Gas Recovery: only relevant if any "LFG Recovery" option has been chosen
previously. It represents four different gas collection efficiencies throughout the life
of the landfill: typical, worst-case, aggressive, and California regulatory collections.
Assumptions made for each option are explained in the tool.
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
2 Further Characteristics
3 General Information
4 Calculation
® LFG Recovery
(5) Recover for energy
O Flare
v II) Landfill Gas Recovery
For landfills that recover gas, the landfill gas collection efficiency will vary throughout the life of the landfill. Based on a literature review of field measurements and expert discussion, a range of
collection efficiencies was estimated for a series of different landfill scenarios. The "typical" landfill is judged to represent the average U.S. landfill, although it must be recognized that every landfill is
unique and a typical landfill is an approximation of reality. The worst-case collection scenario represents a landfill that is in compliance with EPA's New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). The
aggressive gas collection scenario includes landfills where the operator is aggressive in gas collection relative to a typical landfill. Bioreactor landfills, which are operated to accelerate decomposition,
are assumed to collect gas aggressively The California regulatory collection scenario allows users to estimate and view landfill management results based on California regulatory requirements.
® Typical operation - DEFAULT
O Worst-case collection
C Aggressive gas collection
O California regulatory collection
Landfill gas collection efficiency (%) assumptions
Typical: Years 0-1:0%; Years 2-4: 50%; Years 5-14:75%; Years 15 to 1 year before final cover 82.5%; Final cover: 90%
Worst-case: Years 0-4: 0%: Years 5-9: 50%; Years 10-14: 75%; Years 15 to 1 year before final cover 82.5%; Final cover:
Aggressive: Year 0: 0%; Years 0.5-2: 50%; Years 3-14:75%; Years 15 to 1 year before final cover 82.5%; Final cover 90%
California: Year 0: 0%: Year 1: 50%; Years 2-7 80%; Years 8 to 1 year before final cover 85%, Final cover. 90%
Figure 12. Landfill gas recovery options in "Further characteristics" section of the "Data Entry" tab
III) Moisture Conditions and Decay Rates: relevant if "National Average" or any "LFG
Recovery" option has been selected as landfill type. You can select here between
five moisture conditions and associated bulk MSW decay rates (k) the one which
best represents the conditions in your assessed landfill. The options are: National
Average, dry (k=0.02), moderate (k=0.04), wet (k=0.06) and bioreactor (k=0.12). A
higher average decay rate means that waste decomposes faster in the landfill.
2 Further Characteristics
3 General Information
4 Calculation
is in prace at your lanann, seiea xrer Kecovery" ana ciick one or tne inaentea ouitons to indicate wnetner Lf-ti is recoverea ror energy or ti
@ National Average
O No LFG Recovery
O LFG Recovery
• Recover for energy
Flare
> II) Landfill Gas Recovery
V III) Moisture Conditions and Decay Rates
Which of the following moisture conditions and associated bulk MSW decay rate (k) most accurately describes the average conditions at the landfill? The decay rates, also referred to as k values,
describe the rate of change per year (yr-1) for the decomposition of organic waste in landfills. A higher average decay rate means that waste decomposes faster in the landfill.
® National Average - DEFAULT
O Dry (k = 0.02)
O Moderate (k = 0.04)
O Wet (k = 0.06)
O Biorecator (k = 0.12)
Moisture condition assumptions
Dry (k=0.02): Less than 20 inches of precipitation per year
Moderate (k=0.04): Between 20 and 40 inches of precipitation per year
Wet (k=0.06): Greater than 40 inches of precipitation per year
Bioreactor (k=0.12): Water is added until the moisture content reaches 40 percent moisture on a wet weight basis
National average: Weighted average based on the share of waste received at each landfill type
Figure 13. Moisture conditions and decay rates options in "Further characteristics" section of the "Data
Entry" tab
• Anaerobic Digestion characteristics: you can determine the:
Digestion Type: You can select either wet or dry digestion based on your
digester type. Note that for grass, leaves, branches, yard trimmings and mixed
organics, wet digestion is not applicable based on current technology and
practices in the United States. Therefore, dry digestion is the only digestion type
modeled in WARM for these materials. Only one type of digestion process (wet
or dry) can be modeled at a time in WARM.
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
v Anaerobic Digestion
v Digestion Type
For anaerobic digestion of food waste materials (including beef, poultry, grains, bread, fruits and vegetables, and dairy products), please choose the appropriate type of anaerobic digestion process used. Note that for grass, leaves,
branches, yard trimmings and mixed organics, wet digestion is not applicable based on current technology and practices in the United States. Therefore, dry digestion is the only digestion type modeled in WARM for these materials.
Only one type of digestion process (wet or dry) can be modeled at a time in WARM.
® Wet Digestion
© Dry Digestion
Figure 14: Digestion Type options in "Further characteristics" section of the "Data Entry" tab
II) Digestate Curing: You can select that the digestate is cured before land
application or not cured.
v Digestate Curing
WARM assumes that digestate resulting from anaerobic digestion processes will be applied to land. In many cases, the digestate is cured before land application.When digestate is cured, the digestate is dewatered and any liquids are
recovered and returned to the reactor (when using a wet digester). Next, the digestate is aerobically cured in turned windrows, then screened and applied to agricultural fields. Select whether the digestate resulting from your anaerobic
digester is cured before land application.
§> Cured - DEFAULT
© Not Cured
Figure 15: Digestate Curing in "Further characteristics" section of the "Data Entry" tab
You can collapse or expand each of these sections by clicking on the section's header area.
4.3. General Information
This page is included with documentation purposes. You can include your organization's name,
your name, the reporting period and a description of the assessment in the existing text fields.
The data typed in here will be shown in the report generated after the calculation.
3 General Information
The following input are optional and may be used to customize your summary report.
Organization:
Name:
Reporting period: to
Description:
Back Next
Figure 16. "General Information" section of the "Data Entry" tab
4.4. Calculation
Six types of calculations can be performed in the WARM tool:
• GHGs emissions in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTC02E)
• GHGs emissions in metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE)
• Energy consumed in million BTU
• Labor hours - employment supported by materials management
• Wages ($) - all forms of employment income from materials management
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
• Taxes ($) - taxes collected by the federal, state and local government from materials
management
1 Scenarios
2 Further Characteristics
General Information
4 Calculation
V Calculation Properties
Please select the result output unit:
(») Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (MTC02E)
© Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent (MTCE)
© Units of Energy (million BTU)
© Labor Hours - employment supported by materials management
© Wages ($) - all forms of employment income from materials management
© Taxes ($) - taxes collected by the federal, state and local government from materials management
You can return to this screen to generate results with another output unit once the initial report has been generated.
Calculate
Figure 17. "Calculation" section of the "Data Entry" tab
After selecting the preferred calculation option, click on "Calculate" to get the results in a new
tab " Report". You might need to wait a bit longer for the calculation to complete for the initial
run.
5. Results
There are three sub-tabs within the "Report" tab created after the calculation: summary,
analysis, and charts (for GHG emissions and energy reports only). They can be found in the
bottom left corner of the "Report" tab.
Summary Analysis Charts
Figure 18. Detail of tabs found at the bottom of the "Report" screen
How to interpret the results presented in them? If a GHG emission value is negative, it means
that those emissions have been avoided during the management of that specific material type
and/or scenario. Likewise, if an energy consumption is negative, it means that the modelled
scenario avoids the consumption of that amount of energy. If the total change between the
alternative and baseline scenario is negative, then the alternative scenario will result in fewer
GHG emissions, energy consumption, or economic impacts than the baseline, and vice versa.
Only those materials for which data has been entered on the "Scenarios" step will be presented
in the results.
As in the "Scenarios" step, there are also tooltips for each cell/bar of the different results' tables
containing information about the data displayed in them.
5.1.Summary
This sub-tab contains a table similar to the one in the "Scenarios" step but also includes the
GHG emissions/Energy consumption/Economic impacts per material and scenario. In addition,
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
there is a column on the right side with the change between the two scenarios (i.e., Alternative
minus Baseline) for the metric selected in the calculation properties.
Moreover, there are equivalencies in the bottom right of the page for the resulting total
change. For example, WARM includes the amount of passenger vehicles' annual emissions
equivalent to the total change in GHG Emissions. Depending on the sign of the total change,
this equivalency will be presented as removal of annual emissions (if the sign is negative) or
adding of emissions (if the sign is positive).
Waste Reduction Model (WARM)
Summary Report (MTC02E)
GHG Emissions Analysis - Summary Report
GHG Emissions Waste Management Analysis tor {organization}
Prepared oy (name)
Project Penoa lor this Analysis (from) (o (to)
_ tens ___. Chang*
DM Km tens „ Total " .
Lanatilieo ComDusted Composted n'*r° " * MTC02E '
Digested MTC02E
Phoneboolo 7550 1500 0 00 WA N/A -210.21 10 50 7500 500 000 N/A NM -265.46 -55 27
-21021 -265.48
a) For emanation « raMBedolc® sea r.r'- WW Oocunit-iiaiion
oi Emissions estimates cuMdea by iwa model are ntermed to suoport xxmtai C->
O T*ie GHG emissions resu*s estimated m WORM mmcale lt» lull ite-cjde tenrtb waste msnajsmen* atemsli-ss Ow »the Omms ot the GHG
•russionafromlft»wasteman»p«frt«i1 (eg.,awdedUndMlpgandmctessedrtcrdciglmoadualGHCImcHcaUcnimaya:ou«o»«rlh<
lono-term Therefore, one snsud not Dm g»
31 The mummiicii values included m tie im to me ilsm wt
Total Cftange m GHG Emissions (MTCQ2EI -66.27
Figure 19. "Summary" sub-tab of the report
5.2. Analysis
This sub-tab contains four sections:
• Emission factors: this table contains the emission factors (in the selected metric) per
relevant material type and management practice. The tons specified per material and
management practice are multiplied by these factors to obtain the GFIG
emission/Energy consumption/Economic impact results.
Total GHG Emissions from Baseline MSW Genwa&on ana Management (MTCQ2E) -210.21
Total GHG Emissions from Alternative MSW Generation ana Management (MTCO?E i -266.48
IS (MTCQ2E) -56.27
GHG Emissions OHO Emissions OHO Emissions OHO Emissions OHO Emissions OHO Emissions
par ten of Malarial par Ton of Matanal par ten of Mate rial par Ton of Malarial par Ton of Material par Ton of Matartal
td (MTC02E) Recycled (MTC02E) Lanefftlled (MTC02E) ComBustad (MTCQ2E) Composted (MT0O2E) AnaerobicaHy Digested (MTCD2E)
Figure 20. "Emission factors" section in the "Analysis" sub-tab of the report
• Emissions from Baseline: this table contains the tons managed and the resulting GHG
emission/Energy consumption/Economic impact per relevant material and
management practice, as well as the totals per material, for the baseline scenario.
TWat GHG Emissions from Baseline MSW Generation ana Management (MTCOZE) -210-21
Total GHG Emissions from Alternative MSW Generation ana Management (MTC02E) -285 48
at GHG Emissions (MTC02E) -«.27
GHG Emissions Baseline GHG Emissions Baseline GHG Emissions Baseline GHG Emissions
from Recycling LandftUtng from Landtilttng Combustion from Combustion Composting from Composting
(MTC02E) (tens) (MTC02E) (tens) (MTC02E) (tent) (MTC02E)
Figure 21. "Emissions from Baseline" section in the "Analysis" sub-tab of the report
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
• Emissions from Alternative: it contains the tons handled and the resulted GHG
emission/Energy consumption/Economic impact per relevant material and
management practice, as well as the totals per material, tor the alternative scenario.
Total GHG EmssKxts from Baseline MSW Generation and Management (MTC02E) -110.21
Total OHG Emissions from Alternative MSW Generation arid Management (MTC02E) -265 48
increments GHG Emissions (MTCOTE) -55.27
- asffRRiniia .....
Generation Alternative OHG Emissions Alternative
Material Source Reduction from Source Reduction Recycling
l*"B """
GHG Emissions
from Recycling
(MTC02E)
Alternative GHG Emissions Alternative
Landfilling from Landtiliing Combustion
(Tons) (MTC02EJ (10m)
GHG Emissions
from Combustion
(MTC02E)
Alternative GHG Emissions
Composting from Composting
[Tons) (MTC02E)
Alternative
(Tbns)
GHG Emissions
from Anaerobic Digestion
(MTC02E)
Total
(MTC02E)
PltonefcOOKs 90-50 10.60 -64 73 7500
-196.67
500 -4 08 0 00
on
WA ri'A
WA
WA
-265 48
aiFweipianaowi ormetiodWooj seetneo5" _ i.amsfttiilloa
bj Emsslons «s*n»at»j piMaea or llils model are intended 6a support volunlan GHG measurement ana i«cVM?W Ooarniemsticm
bj Emissions estimates profited By Ms model we Intended to euopoit wluntarv GHG measurememl and reoMlmo ttutl.es
Figure 23. "Incremental Emissions from Alternative" section in the "Analysis" sub-tab of the report
5.3. Charts
GHG emission and energy results are also presented visually. Contributions per flow, material
type, management practice and groups representing life cycle activities are presented as bar
charts in four different sections:
• Flow contributions: in the GHG emissions calculation (i.e., MTC02E, MICE), the
contribution per GHG flow assessed is presented for each scenario. The elementary
flows displayed are:
Resources:
¦ Carbon (forest storage)
¦ Carbon (landfill storage)
¦ Carbon (soil storage)
Air emissions:
¦ Carbon dioxide
¦ Dinitrogen monoxide
¦ Ethane, nexafluoro, HFC-116
¦ GHGs, unspecified
¦ Methane
¦ Methane, tetrafluoro, R-l 4
In the Energy consumption calculation, a single flow is displayed "Energy, unspecified"
(resource) for both scenarios.
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
I
I J
Emissions of carbon storage type
Figure 24. "Flow contributions" section in the "Charts" sub-tab of the report
• Waste treatment contributions: the GHG emissions/Energy consumption per waste
management option is presented here for each scenario and a maximum of six
materials. The materials to be displayed can be selected clicking on the "Select
material filter" button. A pop-up window with the relevant materials will be shown; once
the materials have been chosen, click on "Apply selection".
Please select up to 6 materials to be shown in the chart:
0 Aluminum Cans ~ Aluminum Ingot
0 Copper Wire ~ Glass
~ Corrugated Containers 0 Magazines/Third-class Mail
~ Office Paper 0 Grains
Waste R
Contribut
Se ect materia s to inc ude
0 Steel Cans
0 HDPE
~ Newspaper
Apply selection
Select mate
Baseline - Aluminum Ca
Baseline - Aluminum Inc
Baseline - Steel Cans
Baseline - Copper Wire
Baseline - Glass
Baseline - HDPE
Alternative - Aluminum
Alternative - Aluminum
Alternative - Steel Cans
Figure 25. "Select materials filter" window in the "Waste treatment contributions" section of the "Charts"
sub-tab of the report
Material contributions: the GHG emissions/Energy consumption per material type is
presented here for each scenario and management practice. As in the previous chart,
only up to six materials can be presented simultaneously. The materials to be displayed
can be selected clicking on the "Select material filter" button.
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
II
Baseline - am
Baseline - Recytlng
Ba»e«ne - Laixmiwg
me composting
Baseline - Saute reduck
composting
- Source reduction
Figure 26. "Material contributions" section in the "Charts" sub-tab of the report
• Impact by source/offset: the GHG emissions/Energy consumption results per each pre-
defined group of processes used in the WARM life cycle product system created in
openLCA. The groups presented are:
Landfilling: impacts of methane emissions and benefits of carbon storage in
landfills.
Combustion: impacts of carbon dioxide and dinitrogen monoxide emissions
during combustion.
Recycling: benefits of steel recycling from combustion of tires.
Source reduction: benefits of avoiding new product manufacturing due to
recycling or source reduction of waste. Transport emissions/energy consumption
occurred during the manufacturing are accounted in the group "transport".
Composting: impacts of methane and dinitrogen monoxide emissions
produced during the composting and benefits of carbon storage due to
applying compost in soils.
Anaerobic digestion: impacts of digester operation and land application.
Electricity: avoided utility GHG emissions/energy consumption due to
combustion and landfilling of waste.
Heavy equipment for landfilling: impacts of carbon dioxide emissions/energy
consumption during landfill operations.
Heavy equipment for composting: impacts of carbon dioxide emissions/energy
consumption due to turning compost piles.
Transport: impacts of GHG emissions/energy consumption due to transportation
of waste to management facilities, within the management facilities or to
retailer: and benefits of avoiding GHG emissions/energy consumption by
avoiding transportation for new products manufacturing due to recycling and
source reduction.
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
Forest carbon sequestration: benefits of avoiding timber harvesting due to
recycling or source reduction of some material types (e.g., textbooks).
Other: impacts of carbon dioxide and methane emissions due to wood
chipping in combustion facilities.
5.4. Report export
All the content of the "Report" tab can be exported as HTML by clicking on the icon of the
toolbar. The exported file can then be opened in any modern web browser. The only difference
with the view in the WARM Tool is that the report's sub-tabs, "Summary" and "Analysis", are
included in the exported file as buttons in the top-right of the page.
Waste Reduction Model (WARM)
Summary Report (MTC02E)
GHG Emissions Analysis - Summary Report
GHG Emissions waste Manag«nem Analysis'or (organization)
Pieparetl tri (nam*)
Projeci Reroa fof ms Analysis (from) 10 (to]
Couugaiea Cononers.
MagazmetThirO-class Mi
2500
5000
10000
125.00
Sumrnwy Report
AnMrobieally
MTC02E
-139,38 -14877
-19348 -133S3
-1760 -71.82
16068 15814
<8 ms eauwaift/
lo o
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WARM Tool User's Guide, May 2019
All the tabs that remain opened when closing the application will be displayed again the next
time the tool is run. If you want to close permanently any tab, use the "Close" and "Close AH"
options of the "File" menu or click on the white cross in the right of the tab's header.
7. Other features
You can display several tabs at the same time in the tool by dragging and dropping the tabs
into different positions in the window. Please, note that if the size of the window is too small,
some elements might not be displayed properly (e.g., data entry tab).
5? "Dra Entry - Urwivpd !
"O Waste Reduction Model (WARM)
' Calculation Properties
Please sekst the result ootpul unl
• Metric Tons at Carbon Dtorjde Equivalent (MTC02E)
Memc Tons or Carbon Equivalent (MTCEJ
O Wilts o« Energy (million BTU)
Labor Hours emp^ment supported by ma!
W»ges (S) - all forms of employment income worn materials management
Taxes (S) - taxes cotettefl By Ine federal. state and iocai ocrvomnwH from mi
£ R*pct
Waste Reduction Model (WARM)
• Analysis Report (MTC02E)
to suwort «mnurr GMG nu
iB iwxirtmi fiiiatws
PS|
Figure 29. Display of two tabs simultaneously in WARM
8. Contact
If you need additional assistance with using WARM, please email
orcrWARMauestions@epa.aov.
vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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