PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Office of Chemical Safety and
Pollution Prevention
Draft Risk Evaluation for
Cyclic Aliphatic Bromides Cluster
(HBCD)
Systematic Review Supplemental File:
Data Extraction Tables for Fate and Transport Studies
Br
\>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
CASRN
NAME
25637-99-4
Hexabromocyclododecane
3194-55-6
1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclododecane
3194-57-8
1,2,5,6-Tetrabromocyclooctane
June 2019
1
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Table of Contents
PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Table 1. Biodegradation Study Summary for HBCD 3
Table 2. Bioconcentration Study Summary for HBCD 12
Table 3. Hydrolysis Study Summary for HBCD 25
Table 4. Sorption Study Summary for HBCD 25
2
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Table 1. Biodegradation Study Summary for HBCD
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rce
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
Water
OECD Guideline
301 D (Ready
Biodegradability:
Closed Bottle Test)
7.7 mg/L
activated
sludge,
domestic,
adapted
aerobic
28 days
0% based on Theoretical
oxygen demand (0.75
mg/02 mg)
3970217
High
OECD Guideline
302 B (Inherent
biodegradability:
Zahn-
Wellens/EMPA
Test)
3.64 mg/L
activated
sludge,
domestic,
non-adapted
aerobic
56 days
After 56 days: Viable
sludge mixtures [21%] with
less than 2% [14C]
products throughout the
study; biologically
inhibited controls = 40%
[14C] HBCD with 25%
[14C] products at 25 days
and 44% [14C] products at
56 days.
3970739
High
Digested sewage
sludge under
anaerobic
conditions
3.9 nmol
sewage,
domestic,
non-adapted
anaerobic
238 days
(±)-alpha-HBCD degraded
more slowly than (±)-beta-
HBCD and (±)-gamma-
HBCD by an estimated
factor of 1.6 and 1.8,
respectively
1443845
High
Digested sewage
sludge under
anaerobic
conditions
3.9 nmol
sewage,
domestic,
non-adapted
anaerobic
238 days
(±)-beta-HBCD degraded
more rapidly than (±)-
alpha-HBCD by an
estimated factor of 1.6
1443845
High
Digested sewage
sludge under
anaerobic
conditions
3.9 nmol
sewage,
domestic,
non-adapted
anaerobic
238 days
(±)-gamma-HBCD
degraded more rapidly than
(±)-alpha-HBCD by an
estimated factor of 1.8
1443845
High
Digested sewage
sludge under
anaerobic
conditions
10 to 11 nmol
sewage,
domestic,
non-adapted
anaerobic
238 days
half-life = 0.66d
1443845
High
OECD Guideline
301 D (Ready
7.7 mg/L
activated
sludge,
aerobic
28 days
0% based on Theoretical
oxygen demand
Although this IUCLID
summary omits several
3970216
High
3
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rcc
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
Biodegradability:
Closed Bottle Test)
domestic
(adaptation
not
specified)
details concerning test
conditions and sampling
methods, the OECD and
OPPTS guidelines
followed suggest
appropriate conditions
were met even if not
reported in this study.
ISO 11734 Water
quality -
Evaluation of the
"ultimate"
anaerobic
biodegradability of
organic compounds
in digested sludge -
Method by
measurement of
the biogas
production
ca. 0.220 nmol/L
digested
sludge
anaerobic
113 days
Decay rates: aerobic: alpha-
HBCD = 0.0054; beta-
HBCD = 0.0097; gamma-
HBCD = 0.0075;
anaerobic: alpha-HBCD =
0.0060; beta-HBCD =
0.0140; gamma-HBCD =
0.0034; (data in supp info)
1443842
High
OECD Guideline
301 D (Ready
Biodegradability:
Closed Bottle Test)
7.7 mg/L
not specified
aerobic
28 days
0% based on dissolved
oxygen demand as
%Theoretical Oxygen
Demand
This is a secondary source
and the summary is sparse
on details; it is a robust
summary and a routine
OECD guideline was
cited along with primary
reference (BFRIP
1996Schaefer, E and
Haberlein, D., 1996,
Hexabromocyclododecan
e (HBCD): Closed Bottle
Test. Project
No.: 439E-102. Wildlife
International Ltd. Easton,
MD).
1443881
Medium
OECD Guideline
302 B (Inherent
biodegradability:
Zahn-
ca.1.7 nmol/L
activated
sludge
(adaptation
not
specified)
aerobic
113 days
192 nM decreased to 74
nM after 113 days
(degradation products
accounted for ca. 120 nM);
concentrations of
1443842
Medium
4
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Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rcc
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
Wellens/EMPA
Test)
individual diastereoisomers
normalized to initial
concentration and analysis
of loss indicated that
degradation rates of the
individual isomers
increased from gamma to
alpha to beta; however, it
was not considered a
significant variation of the
rates
OECD Guideline
302 B (Inherent
biodegradability:
Zahn-
Wellens/EMPA
Test)
>3 to <5 mg/L
not specified
Not reported
60 to 112
days
Not reported;
Biotransformation was
observed in anaerobic
digester sludge as well as
freshwater aerobic and
anaerobic sediment
microcosms; no
degradation was observed
in aerobic soil microcosms.
Products identified:
tetrabromocyclododecene,
dibromocyclododecadiene,
and cyclododecatriene
Limited details are
provided in the robust
summary with limits the
value of this study from
this source; work cited
may be more valuable:
Davis JW, Gonsior SJ,
Markham DA, and Marty
GT. 2004. Investigation
of the
biodegradation of
[14C]hexabromocyclodod
ecane in sludge, sediment,
and soil.
Laboratory Project Study
ID 031178. Toxicology &
Environmental Research
and Consulting. The Dow
Chemical Company,
Midland, MI.
1443881
Medium
not reported
other
15d
50%/15 days
Study method details
were omitted making the
data unusable.
4270831
Unacceptable
OECD Guideline
302 B (Inherent
biodegradability:
Zahn-
Wellens/EMPA
Test)
180 to ca.1700
nM
Other;
parallel
studies in
soil and
freshwater
aquatic
aerobic/
anaerobic
113 days
aerobic, 28
days
anaerobic
total [14C]HBCD decrease:
Anaerobic (28 d): from 225
nM to 22 nM with
production of ca. 93 nM of
[14C]products; Aerobic
(113 d): from 192 to 74 nM
Due to the reported
abiotic degradation, the
identified products and
their distribution cannot
be assured to be a result
biodegradation.
4140454
Unacceptable
5
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Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rce
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
sediments in
microcosms
prepared
under
aerobic and
low redox
conditions
with production of 192 to
74 nM of [14C]products
Sediment
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems); starts on
page 440 of article
with changes to the
protocol on page
525
34 to 89 ng/g dw
natural
water/sedime
nt:
freshwater
aerobic/
anaerobic
119 days
aerobic: 90% decrease/21
days; anaerobic: ca. 100%
decrease/7 days
4269929
High
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems); GLP
>34 to <89 ng/g
nominal
not specified
aerobic
/anaerobic
119 days
anaerobic half-life =1.1-
1.5 days; aerobic half-life =
11-32 days
This is a secondary
source, it is a robust
summary and a routine
OECD guideline was
cited and primary
reference (BFRIP, Dow,
2003Davis J, Gonsior S
and
Marty G. Evaluation of
Aerobic and Anaerobic
Transformation Of
Hexabromocyclododecan
e In Aquatic Sediment
1443881
High
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems); *This
report starts on the
bottom of page 26
>34 to <89 ng/g
natural water
/ sediment
aerobic/
anaerobic
119 days
Viable aerobic: 90%
decrease in 21 days.
Abiotic aerobic: 7-62%
decrease in 21 days. Viable
anaerobic:
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rcc
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
of HERO ID:
3970216*
other; *This entry
has been moved to
Misc. Fate*
other
aerobic
Samples
were
composites
over 24-48
hours
periods
based on
the
hydraulic
retention
time of
each plant.
HBCD
[Effluent]/[Influent]:
Human waste treatment
plant = 0.39-0.92; Sewage
treatment plant = 0.54-0.63;
Waste water treatment
plant = 0.36-0.84.
3545985
High
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems)
ca.10 to <80
(nominal range;
actual not
specified) other
natural water
/ sediment:
freshwater
aerobic
Up to 119
days
(including a
35-49-day
stabilizatio
n period)
HBCD decreased from 31.9
ng/g to not detected levels
(dry wt; measured) after 64
days.
1443846
High
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems)
27.2 to 27.7
(measured) other
natural water
/ sediment:
freshwater
anaerobic
Up to 119
days
(including a
35-49-day
stabilizatio
n period)
Half-life 1.5 days
1443846
High
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems);
ca.10 to <80
(nominal range;
actual not
specified) other
natural water
/ sediment:
freshwater
aerobic
Up to 119
days
(including a
35-49-day
stabilizatio
n period)
Half-life 32 days
1443846
High
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems);
39.1 ng/g
(measured) other
natural water
/ sediment:
freshwater
anaerobic
Up to 119
days
(including a
35-49-day
stabilizatio
n period)
Half-life 1.1 days
1443846
High
7
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Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rcc
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
other
>19.6 to <23.9
ng/g dw
activated
sludge
(adaptation
not
specified)
anaerobic
15 months
HBCD was not detected
after 3 months of
incubation
3350527
High
other; OECD 209.
*This report starts
on page 25 of
HERO ID:
3970216.*
<15 mg/L
activated
sludge
(adaptation
not
specified)
aerobic
3 hours
29% inhibition average in
treatment group.
3970216
Medium
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems);
>3 to <5 mg/L
natural
water/sedime
nt:
freshwater
aerobic/
anaerobic
60-112
days
Degradation rate not
reported, only
transformation products.
By itself this report
provides very little
information about the
study. The high rating
given to it by IUCLID
suggests there is
additional information
that is not provided here,
but without it this report
may not be useful.
3970216
Low
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems);
>3 to <5 mg/L
digested
sludge
anaerobic
60-112
days
'Substantial degradation'
was reported, and
transformation products
were identified.
By itself this report
provides very little
information about the
study. The high rating
given to it by IUCLID
suggests there is
additional information
that is not provided here,
but without it this report
may not be useful.
3970216
Low
OECD Guideline
308 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Aquatic Sediment
Systems);
>0.190 to <0.224
Hmol/L
natural
water/sedime
nt:
freshwater
aerobic/
anaerobic
28 days
Decay rates: alpha-HBCD
= 0.1327; beta-HBCD =
0 1522: gamma-HBCD =
0.1248
Loss due to abiotic
processes and/or
adsorption were not
controlled; low recovery
reported.
1443842
High
Soil
8
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Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rcc
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
OECD Guideline
307 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Soil); starts on
page 379 of article
with changes to the
protocol on page
438
25 |ig/g dw
aerobic
/anaerobic
119 days
aerobic: decreased
75%/l 19 days; anaerobic:
92% decrease/21 days
4269929
High
OECD Guideline
307 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Soil);
15.9 to 18.0 ng/g
(based on dry
weight of soil)
aerobic
119 days
(including a
35-49-day
stabilizatio
n period)
Half-life 63 days
1443846
High
OECD Guideline
307 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Soil); No
deviations
25 ng/g
5 mg/g
activated
domestic
sewage
sludge
anaerobic
119 days
92% over 21 days in viable
aerobic samples. Only 3%
decrease in abiotic controls.
3970740
High
other; This study
analyzes HBCD
degradation under
anaerobic and
aerobic conditions
in two types of
soils and also in
the presence of
glucose, humic
acid, neither, and
both.
60 mg/kg
Soil and
Rhizo sphere
soil
aerobic
40 days
Rhizo sphere soil and
glucose: <60%. Non-
rhizosphere soil and
glucose: 42%.
3575047
High
OECD Guideline
307 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Soil);
11.0 to 17.2
other
anaerobic
119 days
(including a
35-49-day
stabilizatio
n period)
Half-life 6.9 days
1443846
High
OECD Guideline
307 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
25 ng/g
5 mg/g
activated
domestic
aerobic
119 days
75% over 119 days in
viable aerobic samples.
Only 3% decrease in
abiotic controls.
3970740
High
9
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Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rcc
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
Soil); No
deviations
sewage
sludge
other; This study
analyzes HBCD
degradation under
anaerobic and
aerobic conditions
Soil and
Rhizo sphere soil + Humic
Acid = 35%. Non-
rhizosphere soil only =
35%.
in two types of
soils and also in
the presence of
glucose, humic
acid, neither, and
60 mg/kg
Rhizo sphere
soil
anaerobic
21 days
3575047
High
both.
Viable aerobic soil: 75%
OECD Guideline
over 119 days; abiotic
307 (Aerobic and
274 ug/g
d.w. soil
aerobic/
anaerobic
controls: <3% over 119
Anaerobic
Transformation in
0.025 mg/kg
119 days
days. Anaerobic conditions:
92% over 21 days - abiotic
3970216
High
Soil)
controls: <1% over 21
days.
Viable aerobic: 75%
OECD Guideline
decrease in 119 days.
Abiotic aerobic: 3%
decrease over 119 days.
Viable anaerobic: 92%
307 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Soil)
25 ng/g
Soil
aerobic/
anaerobic
119 days
3970216
High
decrease over 21 days.
Abiotic anaerobic: <1%
decrease over 21 days.
Primary reference
(BFRIP, Dow, 2003
Davis J, Gonsior S and
OECD Guideline
Marty G. 2003.
Evaluation of Aerobic
and Anaerobic
Transformation Of
Hexabromocyclododecan
e In Soil. Study Number
021082. Environmental
Chemistry
Research Laboratory.
307 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Soil)
25 ng/g
(nominal)
Soil
aerobic/
anaerobic
119 days
anaerobic half-life = 6.9
days; aerobic half-life = 63
days
1443881
High
10
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Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Inoculum
Sou rcc
(An)acrobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO
Data Quality
Rating
Toxicology &
Environmental Research
and Consulting. The Dow
Chemical Company.
Midland, MI).
OECD Guideline
307 (Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Transformation in
Soil)
aerobic
60-112
days
By itself this report
provides very little
information about the
study. The high rating
given to it by IUCLID
suggests there is
additional information
that is not provided here,
but without it this report
may not be useful.
3970216
Low
11
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Table 2. Bioconcentration Study Summary for HBCD
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
Non-guideline flow-
through bioconcentration
test; US EPA Committee
on Methods for Toxicity
with Aquatic Organisms
(1975) was used in the
handling, holding, and
acclimation procedures for
the fish
6.2 |ig HBCDD/L
Fathead minnows
(Pimephales
promelas)
32 days
Log BCF 4.26
58136
High
Biomagnification of
HBCD in pelagic and
benthic aquatic animals
(invertebrates and fish) in a
near-shore estuary
environment of the
southeastern North Sea.
>0.03 to <1.06
other
Calanoid copepods
(Calanus spp.),
polychaete lugworm
(Arenicola marina);
Palaemon
adspersus/Palaemon
elegans (shore
shrimp), sand gobies
(Pomatoschitus
microps/Pomatoschit
us minutus), black
goby (Gobius niger),
and 0-stage sandeels
(Ammodytes spp.)
HBCD was found to
biomagnify in a marine food-
web of aquatic gill-breathing
organisms. Body burdens of
HBCD increased with
trophic position and with
increasing lipid content.
HBCD in Pelagic species
(n=ll): 0.03-0.83 ng/g;
Benthic species
(n=28):<0.02-1.06 ng/g
Non-guideline
qualitative
assessment of
biomagnification in
natural environment;
does not fit precisely
into the form;
however, it is an
acceptable
informative study.
947918
High
Trophic magnification and
biomagnification
Walleye (n=5),
Emerald shiner
(n=5), White sucker
(n=5), Burbot (n=5),
White fish (n=5),
Goldeye (n=3),
zooplankton (n=5),
mussels (n=5)
total TMF = 3.1; Lipid-
adjusted BMFs in
predator/prey feeding
relationship ranged from 0.1
to 8.2 (alpha), 0.3 to 5.0
(beta), 0.1 to 6.3 (gamma);
TMF = 2.3 (alpha), 2.3
(beta), 4.8 (gamma)
999306
High
Field determined
bioaccumulation factors
Chinese mystery
snail, Prawn, Mud
carp, Crucian carp,
Northern snakehead,
Water snake
log BAF: Chinese mystery
snail: 3; Prawn 5.1; Mud
carp 5.2; Crucian carp 4.6;
Northern snakehead 4.4;
Water snake 4.6 and 5.2
1443814
High
Field determined
bioaccumulation factors
Chinese mystery
snail, Prawn, Mud
log BAF: Chinese mystery
snail: 3.2; Prawn 4.9; Mud
1443814
High
12
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Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
carp, Crucian carp,
Northern snakehead,
Water snake
carp 4.95; Crucian carp 4.2;
Northern snakehead 3.9;
Water snake 4.6 and 4.0
Field determined
bioaccumulation factors
Chinese mystery
snail, Prawn, Mud
carp, Crucian carp,
Northern snakehead,
Water snake
log BAF: Chinese mystery
snail: 3.5; Prawn 5.5; Mud
carp 5.3; Crucian carp 4.5;
Northern snakehead 4.1;
Water snake 5.0 and 4.5
1443814
High
EPAOPPTS 850.1730
(Fish Bioconcentration
Test) OECD Guideline 305
(Bioconcentration: Flow-
through Fish Test)
Nominal: 0.34 and
3.4 ugHBCD/L;
Means measured:
0.18 and 1.8 ng
HBCD/L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss (previous
name: Salmo
gairdneri) (Rainbow
trout)
70 days (35
days of
exposure/upta
ke and 35
days of
depuration)
Edible tissues: yes, 50%
depuration time 19 days.
Non-edible tissues: yes, 50%
depuration time 20 days.
Whole fish: yes, 50%
depuration time 19 days.
3970741
High
Non-guideline field study
assessing the long-term
trends of HBCD in lake
trout
Lake trout
(Salvelinus
namaycush)
1979-2004
40Lipid-normalized basis
(95% CI 19.7-1019)
Common first-order growth
and decay models used to
describe trends: half-life = -
ln(2)/k2
1443833
High
Non-guideline field study
assessing the long-term
trends of HBCD in lake
trout
Lake trout
(Salvelinus
namaycush)
1979-2004
14Lipid-normalized basis
(95% CI 9.6-24.4) Common
first-order growth and decay
models used to describe
trends: half-life = -ln(2)/k2
1443833
High
Non-guideline field study
assessing the long-term
trends of HBCD in lake
trout
Lake trout
(Salvelinus
namaycush)
1979-2004
16Lipid-normalized basis
(95% CI 9.5-48.7) Common
first-order growth and decay
models used to describe
trends: half-life = -ln(2)/k2
1443833
High
Bioaccumulation in a
Marine food web
>0.0004 to <9.16
ng/g other
Beluga
whale(Delphinapteru
s leucas),
narwhal(Monodon
monocero),
walrus(Odobenus
rosmarus), arctic cod
(Boreogadus saida),
shrimp(Pandalus
borealis;Hymenodora
Not
applicable
TMF: alpha-HBCD 2.1
(lower-upper 95% CI: 1.3-
3.4), gamma-HBCD 0.5
(lower-upper 95% CI: 0.3-
0.9); BMF gamma-HBCD:
<1 to 17; alpha-HBCD: <1 to
4
trophic level and lipid adjust
BMFs are reported for
predator/prey relationships;
1443836
High
13
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Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
glacialis), clams
(Mya truncate;
Serripes
groenlandica),
redfish(Sebastes
mentalla),
zooplankton
beta-HBCD was not detected
above the MDL in any
samples; additional info on
enantiomers
>11.84 to <29.14
ng/g other
Juvenile rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
168 days
beta-HBCD = 157+/-71
days; gamma-HBCD =
144+/-60 days; both first-
order depuration kinetics;
alpha-HBCD = Not
determined
BMF: alpha-HBCD = 9.2;
beta-HBCD = 4.3; gamma-
HBCD = 7.2;
1443861
High
OECD Guideline 305
(Bioconcentration: Flow-
through Fish Test) -
[before 2 Oct 2012]
>0 to <1.8 ng/L
Rainbow Trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
70 day (35d
uptake; 35d
depuration)
BCF = 8974; BCF in edible
tissue = 4650; BCF in non-
edible tissue = 12866
Steady state was not reached
This is a secondary
source, it is a robust
summary and a
routine OECD
guideline was cited
and primary
reference may
provide validation;
Drottar K. and
Krueger H. 2000.
Hexabromocyclodod
ecane (HBCD):
Flow-through
bioconcentration test
with rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss). Project No.:
439A-111. Wildlife
International, Ltd.
Easton, MD.
1443881
High
Bioaccumulation in 3 fish
species collected from
South China
>58.3 to <361
(ng/g lw, in fish)
other
Mud carp (Cirrhina
molitorella), Nile
tilapia (Tilapia
nilotica),
Not
applicable
4.8-7.71og BAF based on
average of HBCD isomers in
the dissolved phase; alpha-
HBCD had the greatest BAF
1927551
High
14
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
Plecostomus
(Hypostomus
plecostomus)
Depuration study in
Juvenile zebrafish.
Juvenile zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
28 days
Depuration rate of alpha,
beta, and gamma isomers of
HBCD-alpha and beta
isomers after 9 days = 46%
and 27%, respectively.
Gamma isomer depuration
rate = 70% and 77% after 9
and 16 days, respectively.
3575325
High
>351 to <338000
(ngg-lTOC)
bivalve (Corbicula
fluminea) and
gastropod (Elimia
proxima)
Not
applicable
BASF -1.5 to <1; BAF 3.2 to
5.41og BASF for gamma-
HBCD in both species was -
1.5 to 0; log BASF for alpha-
HBCD ca. 0.4 to <1 in
Corbicula fluminea and -0.2
to 0.9 in Elimia proxima; log
BAF alpha and beta-HBCD
4.2 to 5.4, log BAF gamma-
HBCD 3.2 to 4.7
1927601
High
Bioaccumulation of HBCD
in fish samples (Barbus
graellsi)
barbel (Barbus
graellsi)
bioaccumulation indicated
by presence in fish HBCD
was detected at only two of
the 4 sites tested: 215-1127
ng/g ww for muscles and
161-1172 ng/g ww for livers
and 42-135 ng/g ww for
muscles and 49-180 ng/g ww
for livers; correlation
coefficients for concentration
vs. fish length (indicator for
age) were 0.6 for muscle and
0.1 for liver
Results reported
without
quantification and
other study
limitations (i.e.,
depuration not
performed) hindering
data evaluation.
999290
Unacceptable
OECD Guideline 305
(Bioconcentration: Flow-
through Fish Test) -
[before 2 Oct 2012]
0.34 to 3.4 ng/L
Rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss) from
Thomas Fish
Company, Anderson,
California
35 days
uptake
low concentration: BCF
(kinetic): 14,039 (edible),
30,242 (nonedible), and
21,940 (whole fish); high
concentration: BCF (steady
state): 4,650 (edible), 12,866
1928244
High
15
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
(nonedible), 8,974 (whole
fish)low concentration: 99.3-
118 days to reach 90%
steady state and 29.9-35.4
days to reach 50% clearance;
high concentration: 62.5-
65.4 days to reach 90%
steady state and 18.8-19.3
days to reach 50% clearance;
Steady State was only
achieved at the high
concentration; LC50 (96 hr.)
>6.8 ugHBCD/L
Biomagnification of a-
HBCD and y-HBCD in an
aquatic food web based on
concentrations in
predator/prey
Walleye
(Stizostedion
vitreum), whitefish
(Coregonus
clupeaformis),
emerald shiner
(Notropis
atherinoides), burbot
(Lota lota), white
sucker (Catostomus
commersoni),
goldeye (Hiodon
alosoides), Mussels
(Lampsilis radiata),
and Plankton
TMF for total HBCD/a-
HB CD/p -HB CD/y-HB CD:
3.1/2.3/2.3/4.8; BMF for a-
HB CD/p -HB CD/y-HB CD:
0.1-8.2/0.3-5/0. l-6.31ipid
normalized BMFs (a/p/y)
based on concentrations in
predator relative to prey:
Walleye/emerald shiner:
1.1/0.8/0.6; Walleye/white
suckers: 1.8/2.2/1.1;
Walleye/white fish:
5.3/2.4/4.1;
Walleye/goldeye:
0.8/1.1/0.8; Emerald
shiner/zooplankton: 0.7/1.9/5;
White suckers/zooplankton:
0.4/0.6/2.8; White
suckers/mussels: 0.4/0.5/0.3;
Burbot/emerald shiner:
2.7/3.4/6.3; Burbot/mussels:
1.9/5/2.9; White
fish/zooplankton:
0.1/0.6/0.9; White
fish/emerald shiner:
0.2/0.3/0.1;
Goldeye/zooplankton:
4140418
High
16
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
1/1.3/3.6; Goldeye/mussels:
8.2/1/0.3.
OECD Guideline 305 C
(Bioaccumulation: Test for
the Degree of
Bioconcentration in Fish) -
[before 14 June 1996]
carp (Cyprinus
carpio)
14 weeks
Low/high BCFs for 3
isomers: 3390-16100/834-
3070, 3350-8950/816-1780,
and 479-2030/118-418;
Low/high DT50s for 3
isomers: 38.3/38.6 days,
10.5/16.2 days, and
15.2/22.6 days steady state
had been reached by 14
weeks; specific BCF for
fillet, head, integument, and
viscera were also reported
4140430
High
Diastereomer-specific
accumulation and trophic
transfer of HBCD in a
Norwegian coastal food
web
<280 ng/g lw
Blue mussel (Mytilus
edulis), lugworm
(Arenicola marina),
shore crab (Carcinus
maenas), common
eider (Somateria
mollissima), great
black-backed gull
(Larus marinus)
TMF alpha-HBCD = 9.1
(ww) and 2.6 (lw), gamma-
HBCD = 0.9 (ww) and 0.3
(lw); BMFs = 0.1 to 1285
(ww); 0.1 to 26 (lw); specific
values in report, corrected
for trophic level
Predator/prey BMF wet
weight: alpha-HBCD range
0.1-1285 and gamma-HBCD
0.2-116 (Sum HBCD = 0.2-
425); BMF lipid-normalized
alpha-HBCD range 0.2-26
and gamma-HBCD 0.1-2.0
(Sum HBCD = 0.5-7.9)
1927667
High
Accumulation in a
freshwater food web
>11 to <2370 ng/g
lw (in aquatic
species)
Chinese mystery
snail, Prawn, Mud
carp, Crucian carp,
Northern snakehead,
Water snake
TMF (+)-alpha-HBCD =
2.22; TMF (±)-alpha-HBCD
= 2.19; TMF = 2.18 (-)-
alpha-HBCDTMF basis:
concentration and TL
correlation, considered not
significant for (^-alpha-
HBCD
1927678
High
Accumulation in a
freshwater food web
>11 to <2370 ng/g
lw (in aquatic
species)
Chinese mystery
snail, Prawn, Mud
carp, Crucian carp,
TMF = 1.83 TMF basis:
concentration and TL
correlation, considered not
1927678
High
17
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
Northern snakehead,
Water snake
significant; (±)-beta-HBCD
not detected at levels
appropriate for quantification
and accumulation analysis
Accumulation in a
freshwater food web
>11 to <2370 ng/g
lw (in aquatic
species)
Chinese mystery
snail, Prawn, Mud
carp, Crucian carp,
Northern snakehead,
Water snake
Not reported
No correlations between TL
and (±)-gamma-HBCD, (-)-
gamma-HBCD or (+)-
gamma-HBCD
1927678
High
EPAOPPTS 850.1730
(Fish Bioconcentration
Test)*This report starts on
the bottom half of page 37
of HERO ID: 3970216.
0.34 to 3.4 ng/L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss (Fish, fresh
water)
70 days: 35
uptake, 35
days
depuration
BCF values. 3.4ug/L: Whole
fish = 8,974; Edible tissue =
4,650; Non-edible tissue:
12,866.Steady state not
achieved for 0.34ug/L test,
no BCF reported.
3970216
High
Freshwater B AF
Oncorhynchus
mykiss; Perca
fluviatilis; Carassius
carassius; Rutilus
rutilus; Cyprinus
carpio; Scardinius
erythrophthalmus;
Rudd/Roach hybrid;
Tinea tinea; Esox
lucius
Not
applicable
1300 (250-3500)Average
B AF based on fish muscle
samples (range); steady-
state/equilibrium not
confirmed
1927694
High
Biota
monitoring/metabolism
Japanese common
squid (Todarodes
pacificus)
alpha-HBCD: 85-89%, beta-
HBCD: 1.2-1.4%, gamma-
HBCD: 9.4-14%Proportion
of each stereoisomer to total
HBCD from the two sites
Monitoring study
where BAF/BCF
values were not
reported.
1927684
Unacceptable
Freshwater B AF
Oncorhynchus
mykiss; Perca
fluviatilis; Carassius;
Rutilus rutilus;
Cyprinus carpio;
Scardinius
erythrophthalmus;
Rudd/Roach hybrid;
Tinea tinea; Esox
lucius
Not
applicable
810 (110-3200)Average
B AF based on fish muscle
samples (range); steady-
state/equilibrium not
confirmed
1927694
High
18
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
Freshwater B AF
Oncorhynchus
mykiss; Perca
fluviatilis; Carassius
carassius; Rutilus
rutilus; Cyprinus
carpio; Scardinius
erythrophthalmus;
Rudd/Roach hybrid;
Tinea tinea; Esox
lucius
Not
applicable
2100 (3100-6000)Average
B AF based on fish muscle
samples (range); steady-
state/equilibrium not
confirmed
1927694
High
Freshwater B AF
Oncorhynchus
mykiss; Perca
fluviatilis; Carassius
carassius; Rutilus
rutilus; Cyprinus
carpio; Scardinius
erythrophthalmus;
Rudd/Roach hybrid;
Tinea tinea; Esox
lucius
Not
applicable
5900 (1200-23000)Average
B AF based on fish muscle
samples (range); steady-
state/equilibrium not
confirmed
1927694
High
This study investigated
total HBCD concentration
and enantiomeric fractions
of (+)- and (-)-alpha-
HBCD in mud carp and
northern snakehead in a
contaminated pond in
South China.
Prey fish: mud carp,
Cirrhinus molitorella.
Predator fish:
northern snakehead,
Ophicephalus argus.
Mop carp = 625, northern
snakehead =
6431.enantiomeric fraction
(EF, expressed as (+)
concentration over (-)
concentration) in mud carp =
0.53 -0.62 (greater than
standard solution of 0.5).
Northern snakehead EF =
0.35-0.50. Results indicate
metabolism of enantiomers
varies between species since
EF values changed between
prey fish (mud carp) and
predator fish (northern
snakehead)
3350534
High
Measured concentrations
of (+) and (-) a-, (3-, and y-
HBCD in several marine
organisms and field plants.
Several organisms
a-HBCD comprised more
than 60% of HBCD
concentration in all but 3
species at site A and 2 at site
2343741
High
19
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
This report addresses to the
marine organism portion.
B. y-HBCD was the next
most abundant. Trophic
magnification factor for a-
HBCD = 2.58. TMF for total
HBCD = 2.44. Enantiomeric
fractions for a-, (3-, and y-
HBCD were 0.495-0.688,
0.290-0.431,0.244-0.531
(ND in half of the y-HBCD
samples), respectively.
EPAOPPTS 850.1730
(Fish
BioconcentrationTest)Non-
steady state BCF test.
Oncorhynchus
mykiss (previous
name: Salmo
gairdneri) (Rainbow
trout)
70 days (35
days of
exposure/upta
ke and 35
days of
depuration)
Edible fraction: 14,039, Non-
edible fraction: 30,242,
Whole body d.w.: 21,940.No
mortalities observed. No
treatment-related clinical
signs of toxicity observed
during test.
3970741
High
EPAOPPTS 850.1730
(Fish Bioconcentration
Test)Steady-state
bioconcentration factor
(BCF) test
Oncorhynchus
mykiss (previous
name: Salmo
gairdneri) (Rainbow
trout)
70 days (35
days of
exposure/upta
ke and 35
days of
depuration)
Edible fraction: 4,650, Non-
edible frac: 12,866, Whole
body d.w.: 8,974.
3970741
High
Biomagnification from a
simple food chain model
>1.08 to <50.5
other
Atlantic cod (Gadus
morhua); polar cod
(Boreogadus saida);
harbor seal (Phoca
vitulina); ringed seal
(Phoca vitulina);
Eggs of common tern
(Sterna hirundo);
eggs of
arctic terns (Sterna
paradisaea)
Not
applicable
BMF = 2.0 (Atlantic
Cod:Oslofjord Seal), BMF =
1.2 (Atlantic Cod:Froan
Seal), BMF = 2.0 (Polar
Cod: Spitsbergen Seal)Simple
cod-harbor seal food chain
model BMF = [concentration
in predator]/[concentration
prey]
1927762
High
benthivorous barbel
(Barbus graellsii);
pelagic bleak
(Alburnus alburnus)
Not
applicable
Dynamic BSAF = 0.7
(Bleak) 0.9 (Barbel); Steady
state BSAF = 0.75 (Bleak)
0.9 (Barbel) BSAF =
Measured BSAF = 0.7
(measured range 0.10-1.44)
1927786
High
20
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
(Bleak); 0.5 (measured range
0.14-1.23) (Barbel)Average
BSAFs per chemical per
species (approximation from
bar graphs); Lipid and
organic-matter normalized
BSAF
Biomagnification of a-
HBCD and y-HBCD in an
aquatic food web based on
concentrations in
predator/prey
Lake Trout
(Salvelinus
namaycush);
Rainbow smelt
(Osmerus mordax);
Slimy sculpin
(Cottus cognatus);
Alewife (Alos
pseudoharengus);
Mysids (Mysis
relicta); amphipods
(Diporeia hoyi);
Plankton
Not
applicable
TMF = 6.3 (Total HBCD);
BMF = 0.4-10.8 (a-HBCD),
0.2-9.9 (y-HBCD)lipid
normalized BMFs based on
concentrations in predator
relative to prey; trout/alewife
a-HBCD = 4.8, y-HBCD =
7.5; trout/smelt a-HBCD =
1.0, y-HBCD = 1.5;
trout/sculpin a-HBCD =1.1,
y-HBCD = 0.8;
sculpin/Diporeia a-HBCD =
3.5, y-HBCD = 2.5;
sculpin/Mysis a-HBCD =
9.7, y-HBCD = 9.9;
smelt/Mysis a-HBCD =
10.8, y-HBCD = 5.5;
smelt/Diporeia a-HBCD =
4.0, y-HBCD = 1.4;
alewife/plankton a-HBCD =
0.4, y-HBCD = 0.2
1927822
High
Non-guideline food chain
study
mysid shrimp,
gudgeon, pranunus,
copepods
BMF = 10-12 mysid shrimp
to gudgeon
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level
(Related to HERO ID
4269983).
4269990
High
<2 ng/mL
Spirulina subsalsa
and Scenedesmus
obliquus
168 h
BCF: S. sub salsa; alpha:
350, beta: 270, gamma: 174.
S. obliquus; alpha: 407, beta:
469, gamma: 390.
2343690
High
Samples collected near an
expanded polystyrene
mantis shrimp
(Oratosquilla
oratoria), helice crab
aquatic trophic magnification
factor = 1.75, 1.83, 1.64 and
1.72 for alpha-, beta-,
3546055
High
21
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
material manufacturing
plant
(Helice tridens
tientsinensis) and
bartial flathead
(Platycephalus
indicus)
gamma-, and total HBCDs,
respectively
0.043 to 0.079
ug/mg other
M. balthica
three tests:
2 Id, 13/14d,
and 231 day
log BSAF> 1.25 Total
HBCD; a-HBCD: log BASF
2.1-5.2; (3-HBCD log BSAF
< 1.8; y-HBCD log BSAF
0.4Calculation details in
supplemental data
Supplemental data
required for a more
thorough evaluation.
3013490
Low
Terrestrial
bioaccumulation: terrestrial
Mean measured
concentration in
soil (ng/g soil
d.w..): a-HBCD =
186; (3-HBCD =
156; y-HBCD =
172.
Eisenia fetida -
[Annelida]
21 days
BSAF for E. fetida and M.
Guillelmi: a-HBCD: 2.58
and 1.1; (3-HBCD: 0.270 and
0.497; y-HBCD: 0.444 and
0.205, respectively.
3350510
High
Monitoring study
Adipose, brain, liver
collected from m/f
East Greenland polar
bears (Ursus
maritimus) between
1999-2000; blubber
tissue from m/f
ringed seals (Pusa
hispida) between
2001-2002 in same
area as bears
BMF in polar bear adipose
1.7; alpha-HBCD was not
detected in brain or liver
tissue
1443826
High
Predators: common
kestrel (Falco
tinnunculus), eagle
owl (Bubo bubo),
little owl (Athene
noctua), prey:
sparrow (Passer
montanus) and rats
(Rattus norvegicus)
Appears to be in the
supplemental report which
was not readily available
Biomagnification
was not reported but
may be available in a
supplemental report.
1927541
Low
22
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
Inter-species
Biomagnification from bird
samples collected at e-
waste, urban and rural sites
in South China
Samples collected
from 3 South China
sites
BMF in OMR: e-waste =
0.04-2.7 (median 0.05),
urban = 2.3, rural = 1.4,
LVB: rural = 30; TMF of
gamma could not be
determined
1927580
High
Inter-species
Biomagnification from bird
samples collected at e-
waste, urban and rural sites
in South China
Samples collected
from 3 South China
sites
Not
applicable
BMF range 0.32 - 158; LTS:
e-waste = 2.6, rural = 1.1,
OMR: e-waste =1.3, urban =
4.9, rural = 1.4, LVB: rural =
30; TMF of the alpha-isomer
was implied by the data but
not quantified
1927580
High
Inter-species
Biomagnification from bird
samples collected at e-
waste, urban and rural sites
in South China
Samples collected
from 3 South China
sites
BMF could not be
determined as the beta
isomer was only present in
one sample
1927580
High
Kinetic study of gamma-
HBCD oral administration
to laying hens; conducted
under the guidelines of the
French Ministry of
Agriculture for Animal
Research
48 Laying hens
(Gallus domesticus)
Isa Brown, 22 weeks
old, 1.78+/-0.09 kg
39 day
0.4 pg/g lipid relative to pg/g
diet in egg yolk and 0.3 pg/g
lipid relative to pg/g diet in
liver; Half-lives for gamma-
HBCD in egg yolk = 2.9
days, abdominal fat = 13
days and liver tissue = 0.41
days
1927629
High
Aquatic and terrestrial
BMF of HBCD via
analysis of food webs in
South China
40 samples collected
from 6 bird species
between 2005 and
2008 in Qingyuan
County e-waste
recycling region in
Pearl River Delta;
further detail
referenced
BMF alpha-HBCD fish to
fish-eating bird: 4.1 to 50 lw,
BMF grain to terrestrial bird:
2.8 to 75 ww
1927673
High
Aquatic and terrestrial
BMF of HBCD via
analysis of food webs in
South China
40 samples collected
from 6 bird species
between 2005 and
2008 in Qingyuan
County e-waste
BMF gamma-HBCD: fish to
fish-eating bird: 1.6 to 3.0 lw
and BMF grain to terrestrial
bird; 7.1 to 51
1927673
High
23
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentration
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
recycling region in
Pearl River Delta;
further detail
referenced
No guideline reported.
*This report is found on
page 38 of HERO ID:
3970216.
Earthworm
28 days
4.5
3970216
High
Accumulation of HBCD in
eggs of predatory birds
peregrine falcon eggs
(Falco peregrinus),
white-tailed sea eagle
(Haliaeetus albicilla),
guillemot (Uria
algae), common tern
(Sternahirundo),
herring (Clupea
harengus)
% HBCD in Herring: a-
HBCD 65-70% (3-HBCD 5-
9%, y-HBCD: 25.33%;
Common tern a-HBCD 96%
(3-HBCD nd, y-HBCD: nd;
Guillemont: a-HBCD 100%
(3-HBCD nd, y-HBCD: <1%;
White-tailed sea eagle and
Peregrine falcon: a-HBCD
100% (3-HBCD nd, y-HBCD:
nd
Limitations in the
analytical methods
were reported and
samples were
collected at various
times in multiple
monitoring efforts
previously reported;
storage and handling
of the samples were
not reported; stability
of the sample
integrity not reported
or confirmed.
1927746
Unacceptable
Biomagnification in polar
bear marine food web
amphipods
Gammarus
wilkitzkii; polar cod
(Boreogadus saida);
ringed seals (Pusa
hispida); polar bears
(Ursus maritimus)
BMF = 36.4 (ww) and 10.9
(lw) for Ringed seal/polar
cod; BMF = 0.6 (ww) and
0.7 (lw) for Polar bear/ringed
seal; amphipod BMF
between higher species could
not be calculated due to no
detection of HBCD in the
lower trophic level species
1927787
High
24
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Table 3. Hydrolysis Study Summary for HBCD
Study Type
(year)
pH
Temperature
Duration
Results
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
Bromide ion
(detection limit
= 200 ppm)
Tested, no
significant
trend
39 days
No degradation
reported
4270831
High
No guideline
followed
39 days
No other data is
reported besides
what is shown in
the previous
fields.
Several deficiencies were noted. For
example, neither target chemical or
transformation product concentrations were
reported. Percent recovery was not reported.
3970738
Unacceptable
Table 4. Sorption Study Summary for HBCD
Study Type (year)
Sorbcnt Souree
Sorbcnt Qualities
(clav/silt/sand, OC,
PH)
Duration
Results
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
OECD Guideline 121
(Estimation of the
Adsorption Coefficient (Koc)
on Soil and on Sewage
Sludge using High
Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC))
soil/sewage
sludge
Log Koc >5.0 at
22°C. The retention
time of HBCD was
outside the
calibration range so
no accurate value
could be estimated
(12.95 min
retention, last
reference substance
was 9.46 min.)
3970742
High
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Table 5. Other Fate Endpoints Study Summary for HBCD
System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
PUF+filters extracted with 70:30
hexane:acetone (ASE 200, Dionex)
and eluted over 10% deactivated
silica with 5% MeOH in DCM.
Fractionated on activated silica using
hexane and hex:DCM 1:1.
Concentrations of HBCD
measured in air and
precipitation samples from
October 2008 to July 2010
in the Northern Lake
Victoria Region, East
Africa.
HBCD was below the MDL in 2008
and 2009 samples. In 2010, HBCD
was detected in 71% of the samples.
Arithmetic mean: 1.47 pg/m3;
geometric mean; 0.82 pg/m3; median:
1.15 pg/m3.
2343716
High
thermogravimetric analyzers and a
laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor
thermal degradation study
75% Bromine by weight is released as
HBr
3575301
High
In exposure chamber: 4 plants tested
in unspiked and spiked soil. In
control chamber (no HBCD): 4
plants tested in unspiked soil.
Study investigates the
uptake pathway,
translocation, and
isomerization of HBCD by
Wheat.
BCFs in the roots (RCF), stems (SCF),
and leaves (LCF) were calculated for
a-, (3-, and y-HBCD: RCFs were all
between 1-3 except for y in weeks 1
and 2 (0.55 and 0.96). All SCFs and
LCFs were between 0.100 and 0.880.
All BCFs increased from week to
week. For RCFs and SCFs: a- > (3- >
y-HBCD, however for LCFs: y- > (3-
> a-HBCD.
3350492
High
Passive air sampling
Global screening of
atmospheric HBCD
concentrations from 2005-
2006.
HBCD detected in 56% of samples.
Samples ranged from <0.1-190
pg/mA3 (includes all HBCD isomers).
3350487
High
Abiotic degradation of
HBCD in indoor dust in the
presence and absence of
light
Loss of HBCD was observed in all
samples with greater degradation
observed in the presence of light with
tl/2= 12.2wks vs. tl/2 = 26wks in its
absence; isomerization of y-HBCD to
a-HBCD was observed and net
degradation of standards in the
presence of light varied from 5.5%/7d
for a-HBCD and 8.5%/7d for y-
HBCD; no change was observed for
enantiomeric fractions in all samples
1927725
High
Four experiments were done to test
each combination of HBCD
spiked/non-spiked phytoplankton in
the presence/absence of benthic
microfauna. Treatment a and c:
Sediment/water partitioning
study that tested the impact
of bioturbating microfauna
on HBCD distribution.
[HBCD] was lower in filtered water
than unfiltered, both showed decreases
over 3 weeks however. Sediment
concentrations increased largely over
3 weeks. [HBCD1 inM. Balthica
3013490
High
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System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
unspiked phytoplankton, treatment c
and d: macrofauna present. Nominal
[HBCD]: 43ug/container.
increased greatly after 7 days but
changed very little from day 7-21.
Filtered water was more enriched in
alpha and beta HBCD. Sediment with
microfauna had decreased beta and
increased gamma than without
microfauna. M. Balthica had
decreased gamma and increased alpha
over 21 days. After 21 days, 88% of
HBCD was in the sediment, 11% was
in the bivalves; and <1% was in the
particulate or dissolved.
Not applicable
Partitioning/transport from
household dust to laundry
wastewater
HBCD was detected in 95% of dust
samples <1 to 3160 ng/g (median 300
ng/g), alpha-HBCD accounted for
69% of total-HBCD; HBCD was
detected in 26% of laundry
wastewaters <1 to 1270 ng/L, alpha-
HBCD accounted for 63% of total-
HBCD (after removal of one outlier
sample)
2528320
High
Measured HBCD
enantiomer and
diastereomer profiles in
terrestrial plants.
Total HBCD concentrations: Leaf >
root > soil. In all plants, alpha HBCD
concentrations followed a trend of leaf
< root < soil. Enantioselectivity was
seen in most of the plants but not in
the roots.
2343741
High
Sewage treatment systems not
described
Waste-water removal
Water treatment systems removal rate
at 12-STP located in Japan was on
average 93% (range 80-99%); the
author suggests that HBCDs passed
into sewage sludge during the
treatment process, but no analysis was
performed
2343678
High
25ml Erlenmeyer flasks, shaking
water bath
Biotransformation: beta-isomer
69±16%; gamma-isomer 60±10%,
alpha-HBCD 17±14% after 90 mins
4140500
High
Pilot-scale incinerator with rotary
kiln, primary combustion unit and
vertical secondary combustion
Behavior of HBCD during
incineration of solid wastes
HBCD was steadily degraded for an
overall removal of 99.99% along the
2343703
High
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System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
chamber connected to gas cooling
zone; air pollution control until
includes filter bag, activated carbon
adsorption tower and wet scrubber.
gas treatment flow line and all isomers
behaved similarly
Treatment system types included:
Conventional-activated sludge
process; SYMIO; Bio-Best-Bacillus
process; Aerobic digestion (bacillus
sp.); Modified Ludzach-Ettinger.
Monitoring
influent/effluent
concentration at several
WWTPs.
41.3% removal efficiency; HBCD
[Effluent[/[Influent]: Human waste
treatment plant = 0.39-0.92; sewage
treatment plant =0.54-0.63; waste
water treatment plant = 0.36-0.84.
Study results not relevant to a
specific/designated fate
endpoint.
3545985
High
Regional Monitoring Program
HBCD concentrations in
sediment and wildlife
HBCD was detected in sediments (0.1
to 2 ng/g; median 0.3 ng/g; gamma
51-100%; beta 0-27%; alpha 0-36%)
and all wildlife matrices, eggs 22-39
ng/g; shiner surfperch 3-25 ng/g; seal
adults and pups 4-19 ng/g and 2-12
ng/g; white croaker <6-5ng/g. Increase
in HBCD cone between seal adults
and one of its prey suggest that
biomagnification may be occurring.
Not a designated/specific Fate
endpoint; monitoring study
with a qualitative assessment
of the results.
1443796
High
Trophodynamics in a
marine food-web
alpha-HBCD trophic level adjusted
BMF in predator/prey feeding
relationships ranged from 0.1 to 1.7;
the alpha isomer accounted for ca.
90% of the body burden for beluga
while it was only 20% in its primary
prey the arctic cod (beta: 4% and
gamma 78%), indicating that the
beluga can bioprocess the gamma
isomer to the alpha-isomer.
Not a designated/specific Fate
endpoint; non-guideline
monitoring data field
sampling used appropriately.
1279130
High
HBCD levels increased from
invertebrates to fish but decreased
from fish to tern egg; ca. 200 ng/g lw
HBCD in tern egg; ca. 400 ng/g lw
HBCD in sandeel (dominant food for
terns); and ca. 100 ng/g lw HBCD in
invertebrates; alpha-HBCD
diastereomer is the primary isomer in
tern eggs and fish
Study results not relevant to a
specific/designated Fate
endpoint.
4140495
Medium
Activated Sludge
Respiration Inhibition
29.1% inhibition was observed for
HBCD treatment group.
This is a secondary source and
does not apply to a
1443881
Medium
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System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
specific/designate Fate
endpoint; it is a robust
summary and a reference was
provided Schaefer E and
Siddiqui A. 2003.
Hexabromocyclododecane
(HBCD): An Activated
Sludge, Respiration
Inhibition Test. Project
Number: 439E-108A. Wildlife
International, Ltd. Easton,
MD.
Spatial trends of
brominated flame
retardants evaluated from
the generation of backward
air trajectories and air
samples collected from
Lake Michigan through the
US Midwest to the Gulf of
Mexico
Backward trajectories of HBCD were
not included or reported. HBCD was
only detected in particle-phase
samples at concentrations ranging
from 0.2-8.0 pg/m3 (MI), 0.9-9.6
pg/m3 (CH, 0.2-3.6 pg/m3 (IN), 0.2-
11 pg/m3 (AR), 0.16-6.2 pg/m3 (LA);
gamma and alpha isomers varied
within samples and were the most
abundant overall while the beta
accounted for 6-17%.
Air-transport modeling was
not applied/reported for
HBCD; however, informative
data was reported on isomeric
mixture in air.
999242
Medium
Stainless steel cylindrical test
chamber
In-house test chamber
experiment for migration to
dust of HBCDs from source
material via volatilization
and deposition
Migration of HBCD from point
sources to dust was observed but not
quantified
Overall this test is an indicator
of the importance of sink
effects when studying
migration to dust since steady-
state was not achieved due to
limited study time.
2528329
Medium
Field monitoring
Evaluation of Arctic ice
core to identify
atmospheric deposition
history
HBCD was not detected in core
samples representing 1953-1962 or
1971-1980; HBCD was detected in
1962-1971 ca. 6.07 ng/L, 1980-1988
ca. 11.97 ng/L, 1988-1996 ca. 9.01
ng/L, 1995-2005 ca. 19.53 ng/L;
deposition trends show an increase
over time and the peak input flux was
calculated as 910 pg/cm2 yr in 1995-
2005; air-mass trajectories suggested
that Europe is an important haze-
Study results not relevant to a
specific/designated Fate
endpoint.
1927665
Medium
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System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
season source and air mass flow from
northern Russia and Siberia dominate
year round.
Calculated octanol/air partition
coefficients from log KOA =
0.98784 logP + 6.6914 to estimate
amount of HBCD in air with known
concentrations in tree barks via
K(BA) C(B)/C(A).
Estimating the amount of
HBCD in air using
established octanol/air
partition coefficients and
known concentration in tree
bark.
Estimated K(OA) at 25 deg C: alpha-
HBCD = 14.5; beta-HBCD = 15.2;
gamma-HBCD =14.6
Study does not lend new
insight or valid data to an
existing model. Studies that
apply an existing model to a
specific site/situation should
be excluded unless it's also
presented alongside new data.
Could be considered for
monitoring data.
1927637
Low
photodegradation study
No loss after 371 d in two textile
samples
Data not likely useful for
photodegradation in the
environment.
3809158
Low
Study conducted outside with natural
light, sheltered from rain in 5-L
polypropylene buckets with 3.75 L
of Baltic Sea water (Salinity: 7.5)
and ca. 2 cm of lmm-seived
sediment and 4 M.balthic, 2 C.
gluacum and 10 Hydrobiidae added
Temperature effects of
water temperature on
HBCD partitioning in the
environment
Significant differences were found in
filtered and unfiltered water fractions
at day 1: a-HBCD and (3-HBCD were
enriched in filtered water while y-
HBCD was depleted; an increase in a-
HBCD was observed in the warmer
water; No significant differences or
trends were found in filtered and
unfiltered water fractions at day 13; in
sediment y-HBCD was enriched and
(3-HBCD was depleted with no
significance correlated to time or
temperature; M. balthica were y-
HBCD depleted and a-HBCD
enriched, a trend not seen in the
bivalves.
Analytical details were not
included. Supplemental data
should be evaluated for a
more thorough assessment
3013490
Unacceptable
HBCD concentration: in polar cod: 5-
25 ng/g lw; ringed seal: 15-35 ng/g
lw; polar bear: 5-15 ng/g lw; not
detected in lower pelagic zooplankton
Study results not relevant to a
specific/designated Fate
endpoint. Limited details
reported (i.e., no details were
provided regarding the
sampling, work-up, or
analytical techniques).
4140373
Unacceptable
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Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
HERO ID
Data Quality
Rating
Duration of test: 15 days
Accumulation (and
disposition) of HBCD in
Oncorhynchus mykiss via
dietary exposure
Diastereomer composition found in
fish at 6h was similar to Oh but
changed through the remainder of the
experiment
BCF not reported. Disposition
data may be useful to other
disciplines; however, the
analytical method may not be
suitable for meaningful
detection of the test substance.
1927701
Unacceptable
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