^t0 3r"v o* <\p m) 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE FACT SHEET ON A DRINKING WATER CHEMICAL CONTAMINANT GENERAL INFORMATION Synonyms: • 1,1-DCE; Vinylidene Chloride; Dlchloroethene Chemical Description: • Synthetic organic compound; no natural sources Properties: • Clear, highly volatile liquid • Limited soluOiiity in water • Boiling point, 31.5°C Production and Use: • Production in 1980 was about 200 million pounds • Major use is as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing poiyvinylidene copolymers, which are used for such things as food wrap ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE Occurrence: • Not commonly found in drinking water, but may occur at levels of 0.1 parts per million (ppm) or more in surface water • Quantities as high as 40 ppm reported in wells contaminated with other chlorinated solvents • No information available on 1,1 -DCE concentrations in food, but because 1,1-DCE is volatile, no contamination of food is expected • Air in urban areas may contain 1,1-OCE In the parts per trillion concentration range; air near manufacturing may contain 1,1-DCE in parts per billion range Releases: • Enters the environment primarily by evaporation during manufacturing; industrial effluents to water and land may contain smart amounts of 1,1-DCE . Environmental Fate: • Persistent and mobile in soils; is expected to migrate with ground water • Based on information about similar compounds. 1,1- DCE is expected to evaporate rapiaiy from surface waters and degrade within hours in air • Expectea to remain in grouna water for months or years • Not likely to bioaccumulate in individual animais or food chains HEALTH EFFECTS Humans: • At high concentrations in air—central nervous system (CNS) depression and unconsciousness • In exposed occupational worKers—CNS and liver defects • Data are inadequate to assess the carcinogenic potential of 1,1-DCE in humans; it is currently ciassrfiea as a group C: Possible human carcinogen because evidence is limited in animals and absent in numans Experimental Animals: • Single oral doses in rats—adverse liver effects • Long-term orai exposure in rats—adverse liver ana kidney effects • Toxic to fetuses; developmental effects aPsent in rodents after oral or inhalation exposure • Mutagenic in in vitro bacterial tests after metaoolic activation, but not in mammalian assay systems • No reports of tumors from oral ingestion of 1,1-DCE; however, mammary and kianey tumors reportea in rats exposed to 1,1 -DCS in air; 1,1 -DCE is a skin tumor initiator (no tumors by subcutaneous route) ------- REGULATORY HISTORY ANALYTICAL METHODS Existing Standards: • Clean Air Act (CAA): Not available • Clean Water Act (CWA): Registered • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): Listea for ground-water monitoring • Supertund (CERCLA): Reportable Quantity 100 pounas • SARA: Listed • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA): Not available • Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): On Inventory HEALTH INFORMATION Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG): • Non-enforceable levels based solely on an evdluatlon of possible neoith risks and exposure, ond taking into consideration o mdrgin for public sofety • Set at zero for cancer-cousing chemicals in wdter MCLG for 1,1 -DCS - 0.007 mg/L Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL): • Legally enforceable levels for contaminants in public drinking water supplies • Bdsed on heolth risks dssocioted with the contaminants, analytical methods for their assay, and water treatment feasibility and practicality aspects MCL tor 1,1-DCE ¦ 0.007 mg/L (adopted 7/8/87) EPA Health Advisories (HA): • Short-term HAs: Provide acceptable concentrations of contaminants in water for up to 10 aay exposures, primarily to evaluate the public health risk resulting from an accidentdl spill or on emergency contamination situation • Longer-term HAs: Provide guiddnce for persistent water contomination situotions to cover o period of up to 7 yeors • Lifetime HAs: Derived In the sdme way as an MCLG • Gas chromatography EPA Methoa 502 WATER TREATMENT Permanent Treatment: Best Available Technology: - granuiar activated cdroon adsorption - packed tower aeration - air stripping SHORT-TERM HAZARD ELIMINATION • If the drinking wafer standards are exceeded. install BAT or use dn dlterndtive drinking wdter supply such ds bottled water • Boiling water might remove but not degrade 1.1- DCE—potential innalation hazard ADDITIONAL HELP • State or county health officials can indicate a certified idborcitory for testing • Experts in the stdte Depdrtment of Environmentol Protection or Natural Resources may aiso be of heio • The EPA has toll-free numbers for further information on drinking wdter qudlity, treatment technologies, for obtoining Hedlth Advisories, and fcr other regulatory informotlon • EPA Hotlines ore dvdildble Monddy througn Friody, 8:30 d.m. to 4:30 p.m. EST: •Safe Drinking Water. •Air Quality: •National Pesticides: •Supertund/RCRA: 800-426-4791 800-631-2700 800-858-PEST 800-424-9346 800-343-3958 For information on the Clean Water Act, cell (202) 260-7301 For information on the Toxic Substances Control Act, call (202) 554-1404 Heolth Advisories: Short-term HA for a child ¦ 1 mg/L Longer-term HA fat a child ¦ 1 mg/L Longer-term HA for an adult ¦ 3.5 mg/L ------- |