2019 Brownfields
Federal Programs Guide

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Contents
INTRODUCTION
IV
THE BROWNFIELDS REDEVELOPMENT PROCESS: GUIDE TO FEDERAL RESOURCES
VII
OVERVIEW OF BROWNFIELDS FEDERAL PROGRAMS
IX
FEDERAL PROGRAMS
XIII
Appalachian Regional Commission	2
Department of Agriculture
Rural Development	6
U.S. Forest Service	13
Department of Commerce
Economic Development Administration	15
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration	20
Department of Defense
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers	23
Department of Energy	27
Department of Health and Human Services
Agency for Toxic SuPstances and Disease Registry	31
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences	35
Office of Community Services	41
Department of Housing and UrPan Development	43
Department of the Interior
National Park Service	49
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement	52
Department of LaPor	55
Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration	57
Federal Transit Administration	61
Office of the Secretary	66
Environmental Protection Agency	70
Federal Housing Finance Agency	86
General Services Administration	89
National Endowment for the Arts	91
Small Business Administration	94
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FEDERAL TAX INCENTIVES AND CREDITS	98
Opportunity Zones	100
New Markets Tax Credit	103
Low-income Housing Tax Credits	107
Historic RehaPilitation Tax Credits	Ill
Energy Efficiency and RenewaPle Energy	114
f	\
USING THIS GUIDE
The entry for each federal agency or organization describes its mission and its connection to brownfields,
and lists the programs that provide technical or financial assistance relevant to brownfields. Descriptions
of eligibility requirements, availability, and uses/applications are included. Most federal programs receive
appropriated funds for these programs on an annual basis, but the amount available each year can vary
significantly. Please visit the individual agency websites for updated information on program availability
and resources.
Each entry also includes the appropriate phase(s) within the brownfields redevelopment process for
using the resource, such as in the planning, assessment, cleanup, and/or redevelopment phase. Entry
"snapshots" illustrate brownfields redevelopment projects that successfully leveraged funding and provide
examples of how federal programs help stimulate brownfields cleanup and redevelopment across the
country.
The section on Federal Tax Incentives and Credits describes the federal tax incentives programs that
could support brownfields cleanup and revitalization.
EPA encourages stakeholders to think broadly about brownfields cleanup and reuse, and take advantage
of the numerous sources of support available for technical and financial assistance. In addition to the
federal resources discussed in this guide, partnerships with local, regional, and state governments
as well as philanthropic organizations can support brownfields-related redevelopment projects. For
additional information, contact your EPA Regional Brownfields or Land Revitalization Coordinator. (Click
on the map on Brownfields and Land Revitalization Activities Near You at https://www.epa.aov/
brownfields/brownfields-and-land-revitalization-activities-near-vouy
V	J
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Introduction
EPA's Brownfields Program empowers states,
communities, and other stakeholders to work
together to assess, safely clean up, and sustainably
reuse brownfields. EPA provides essential funding
to communities through assessment, cleanup,
multipurpose, and revolving loan fund (RLF) grants.
EPA brownfields grants often provide a catalyst and
essential seed funding for environmental cleanup of
brownfields and community revitalization.
However, EPA brownfields funding often provides
only a small portion of the total investment needed to
clean up and revitalize brownfields. Leveraging and
building partnerships at the local level are essential for
successful brownfields revitalization. Often communi-
ties must identify additional sources of funding
and financing to complete a brownfield redevelop-
ment project. They must leverage federal, state or
foundation grants and obtain additional financial
support from a variety of public and private sources.
Finding, understanding, and meeting the qualifications
for federal grant and loan programs can be confusing,
time-consuming, and difficult. To make this task easier,
EPA publishes this Brownfields Federal Programs
Guide every two years. The guide provides a central
source of up-to-date information about federal programs
that offer grants, loans, and/or technical assistance to
support brownfield activities at the various stages of
the brownfields redevelopment process — planning,
assessment, cleanup, and redevelopment. EPA's hope
is that this guide is a useful tool for communities starting
their search for resources to leverage towards their
brownfields redevelopment projects.
EPA's Land Revitalization Program website (https://
www.epa.aov/land-revitalization/revitalization-tools-
communities') offers numerous tools for communities
working on revitalization of brownfield sites and other
types of contaminated properties.
Some tools especially helpful to leveraging include:
¦ The PREPARED Workbook: Process Evaluation.
Property Analysis and Reuse Decisions was
developed primarily for local governments by EPA
Region 1. PREPARED is a risk management
framework for evaluating the actions that a local
government might take to bring about a desired reuse
at contaminated properties that it does not currently
own. The information can be used also by states,
/	\
EPA brownfields grants assist communities in
meeting their initial funding needs and leveraging
other dollars. As of February 1, 2019, communi-
ties nationwide collectively had leveraged
$27,527 billion, which is about $16.86 for each
EPA brownfields dollar spent. In addition, these
communities leveraged 8.6 jobs per $100,000 of
EPA brownfields funds expended on assessment,
cleanup, and revolving loan fund cooperative
agreements. EPA's Brownfields Program website
(https://www.epa.aov/brownfields^ has a wealth
of information about brownfields grants, technical
assistance, and resources.
V	J
counties, tribes, and quasi-governmental redevelop-
ment entities. Worksheets also are provided to help
document and guide the evaluation process.
¦	EPA's Setting the Stage for Leveraging Resources
for Brownfields Revitalization is a tool that
communities can use to identify approaches for
attracting additional resources, including the federal
resources for community revitalization addressed
in the Brownfields Federal Programs Guide. It
includes a step-by-step guide to help localities
organize their leveraging efforts for brownfields and
community revitalization and prepare a successful
leveraging effort. The document also includes case
studies and an overview of assistance available
from EPA for enhancing community capability
to leverage available resources for brownfields
projects.
¦	Community Actions that Drive Brownfields Redevel-
opment outlines the specific actions a community
can take to attract investment to a brownfield site by
reducing the uncertainties inherent in the redevel-
opment process. Investors equate uncertainty
with higher risk. Communities can act to reduce
or eliminate ambiguities surrounding the site by
preparing the site for development. Answering key
questions about ownership status, environmental
and market conditions, development opportunities
and constraints, and viable future uses of a property
are just a few of the actions a community can take.
¦	EPA's guide, Cleaning Up Brownfields Under State
Response Programs — Getting to "No Further
Action" is a central source of information about state
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voluntary cleanup programs. It summarizes informa-
tion gathered from state response program contacts
and state response program websites. Communities
may be able to leverage additional resources and
technical assistance that may be available at the
state level.
¦	EPA developed the Brownfields Stakeholder
Forum Kit as a guide to help localities and nonprofit
organizations plan successful stakeholder meetings
that engage key stakeholders and promote partner-
ship efforts to address brownfields and community
revitalization. Hosting stakeholder roundtables, or
forums, can be an excellent way for local communi-
ties to create partnerships to address specific
brownfields challenges.
The 2019 Edition of the Brownfields
Federal Programs Guide
The 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide
describes the financial and technical assistance
resources available from federal agencies for
brownfields and land revitalization projects. Each
entry describes the assistance available from a
federal agency. Entries include information about
eligibility, availability, website links and contacts.
An agency "snapshot" highlights a local project that
leveraged funding or technical to support a brownfield
redevelopment project.
(	r	A
EPA encourages communities to explore state tax
credits, loans, loan guarantees, grants, technical
assistance and other incentives. Please visit your
local state agency website for information on these.
V	
Since publication of the previous edition of the
Brownfields Federal Programs Guide in 2017,
Congress enacted two laws that are of special
interest to brownfields communities:
¦	The Brownfields Utilization. Investment, and Local
Development (BUILD) Act of 2018. which reautho-
rized and made changes to EPA's Brownfields
Program (see the EPA chapter in this guide); and
¦	The Federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which
provides new tax incentives to for investment in
federal Opportunity Zones (see the chapter on
Federal Tax Incentives for more information about
Opportunity Zones).
In this edition, EPA and other federal agencies
provide updated program information. They added,
eliminated or revised the programs listed in the
previous edition. Here are some highlights:
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural
Development Program added Economic Impact
Initiative Grants. Economic Impact Initiative Grants
fund public facilities that provide essential services to
rural communities. Priorities are given to projects that
improve public health and safety, energy efficiency,
and education.
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
noted changes to programs under two of its agencies:
¦	The Office of Community Services (OCS):
Congress did not appropriate any new money for
OCS's Rural Community Development Program for
FY 2020, but the Rural Community Development
Program is still considered an active grant program.
¦	The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) added information on two new
resources:
-	The Brown fields/Land Reuse Action Model
is an interactive toolkit that helps the diverse
members of the development community -
officials, developers, community advocates,
residents, and brownfields professionals - find
ways to make health part of the renewal process.
Communities can use the Action Model to
identify common goals and incorporate these
goals in strategic planning.
-	The Land Reuse Toolkits (Healthfields Toolkits)
include resources for people to engage in land
reuse and redevelopment projects that can
reduce environmental exposures and improve
community health.
The Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment (HUD) made changes to two of its programs:
¦	Added the Indian Community Development Block
Grant Program.
¦	The Lead Hazard Reduction Demonstration grants
program and the Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control
grants program were consolidated and renamed the
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction (LHR) Program.
The Department of Labor (DOL) added a new program:
¦	The Trade Adjustment Assistance Community
College and Career Training (TAACCCT) grant
program, administered by DOL's Employment and
Training Administration, was added. This addition
represents a major investment to increase the ability
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of community colleges to address the challenges of
today's workforce. The curricula developed by the
colleges under these grants are available on www.
skillscommons.org. Search terms such as environ-
mental science or environmental technology may
be entered to locate courses and other material that
have relevance for brownfields remediation.
The Department of Transportation (DOT) made
changes to three existing programs:
¦	The Federal Transit Administration (FTA)'s Fixed
Guideway Capital Investment Grants (Section
5309) program is now known simply as the Capital
Investment Grants Program. The program supports
fixed guideway investment projects that fall into
three categories: New Start, Small Start, and Core
Capacity projects. Funds also are available for
projects that are composed of any combination of
two or more of these categories.
¦	The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)'s
Nationally Significant Freight and Highways Program
(FASTLANE) is now known as the Infrastructure for
Rebuilding America (INFRA) Grant Program.
¦	DOT'S Transportation Investment Generating Economic
Recovery (TIGER) Grants are now known as Better
Utilizing Investments to Leverage Development
(BUILD) Grants. The eligibility requirements, uses, and
applications for these grants remain unchanged.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
made several changes to programs in its Office of
Brownfields and Land Revitalization (OBLR), Office of
Water (OW), and Office of Community Revitalization
(OCR).
OBLR made several changes to its brownfields grants
programs due to the enactment of the 2018 BUILD
Act. Highlights include:
¦	Creation of a two new grant types:
-	Multipurpose grants which allow applicants to
seek up to $1 million in funding for inventory,
assessment, planning, and cleanup activities
under one grant.
-	Small community technical assistance grants,
which allow states and tribes receiving 128(a)
funds to apply for $20,000 (max) to provide
training, technical assistance, or research for small
communities (populations of 15,000 or less), Indian
tribes, rural areas, and disadvantaged areas.
¦	Expansion of the definition of "eligible entity" for
brownfields assessment, revolving loan fund
(RLF) and multipurpose grants. 501(c)(3) nonprofit
organizations are now eligible to receive these
grants. Previously, these organizations were eligible
to receive only brownfields cleanup or research,
training and technical assistance grants.
¦	Allowing local governments to apply for grants to
address properties acquired prior to the creation of
the Brownfields Program in 2002, so long as they are
not responsible for the contamination at the site.
¦	Increasing the funding cap for cleanup grants from
$200,000 to $500,000 per site.
¦	Changing the definition of a "petroleum site" by
removing the requirement that petroleum brownfield
sites be "of relative low risk" to be eligible for
funding.
EPA's Office of Community Revitalization (formerly
the Office of Sustainable Communities) eliminated its
Cool and Connected technical assistance program
and created a new Recreation Economy for Rural
Communities technical assistance program.
The Small Business Administration (SBA) added
information on several programs and resources that
counsel, mentor, and train small businesses:
¦	Women's Business Centers
¦	Veteran Business Outreach Centers
¦	Procurement Technical Assistance Centers
¦	U.S. Export Assistance Centers
Available Federal Tax Incentives change for
brownfields revitalization projects:
¦	Creation of a new Opportunity Zones program
under the Federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
The law allows people and corporations with
cash subject to capital gains tax liability to invest
these dollars in "Opportunity Funds." Opportunity
Funds invest their assets in "qualifying" real estate
development, businesses, and business assets in
one of the 8,762 Opportunity Zones low-income
census tracts designated by the IRS in June 2018
(following nomination by governors of each state).
Many of these census tracts include brownfield
sites with cleanup and redevelopment potential. The
IRS is expected to finalize its Opportunity Zones
regulation and guidelines later in 2019.
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The Brownfields Redevelopment Process
Assessment
ARC - Area Development Grants and Distressed
Counties Grants
USDA/RD - Energy Audit & Renewable Energy
Development Assistance Grants
EDA - Planning Program, Local Technical Assistance
Program, Regional Innovation Strategies Program
NOAA = Response and Restoration Programs,
Coastal Management Programs
USAGE - Section 22 Planning Assistance to States,
USAGE Centers of Expertise,
ATSDR - Public Health Assessments, Health
Checks, Brownfields/Land Reuse Action Model, Land
Reuse Toolkits
HHS/OCS - Community Economic Development
Program, Rural Community Development Program
HUD - Community Development Block Grant
Program
NPS - Federal Lands to Parks Program; Rivers,
Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program
DOI/OSMRE - OSMRE'VISTA Team
DOT/FHWA - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality
Improvement Program, Surface Transportation
Block Grant Program for Transportation Alternatives,
Transportation Planning
DOT/FTA - Urbanized Area Formula Funding
Program; Formula Grants for Rural Areas; Metropoli-
tan, Statewide, and Non-Metropolitan Transportation
Planning Programs
DOT/OST - Build America Bureau, TIFIA Credit
Assistance, INFRA Grants
EPA/OBLR - Brownfields Assessment Grants,
Multipurpose Grants, State and Tribal Response
Program Grants
EPA/OW - WIFIA Program
EPA/OCR - Building Blocks for Sustainable
Communities; Local Foods, Local Places; Healthy
Places for Healthy People; Recreation Economy for
Rural Communities
GSA - Brownfields Redevelopment Initiative
NEA - Our Town Grants, Art Works Grants
NOAA - Response and Restoration Programs,
Coastal Management Programs
USAGE - Section 22 Planning Assistance to States
ATSDR - Public Health Assessments, Health
Checks, Brownfields/Land Reuse Site Tool
NIEHS - Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) E-Learning for HAZMAT Program, Superfund
Research Program
HUD - Community Development Block Grant
Program
DOi/OSMRE - OSMRE/VISTA Team
EPA/OBLR - Brownfields Assessment Grants,
Multipurpose Grants, EWDJT Grants, State and
Tribal Response Program Grants, TBA Program
EPA/OW - CWSRF program
GSA - Brownfields Redevelopment Initiative
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Guide to Federal Resources
Cleanup
NOAA - Response and Restoration Programs,
Coastal Management Programs
USAGE - Section 22 Planning Assistance to States,
USAGE Centers of Expertise,
ATSDR- Public Health Assessments, Health
Checks
NIEHS-Worker Training Program, Hazardous
Waste Worker Training Program, Environmental
Career Worker Training Program, HAZMAT Disaster
Preparedness Training Program, Small Business
Innovation Research (SBIR) E-Learning for HAZMAT
Program, Superfund Research Program
HUD - Community Development Block Grant
Program, Indian Community Development Block
Grant Program, Section 108 Loan Guarantee
Program, Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction (LHR)
Grant Program
DOI/OSMRE - Watershed Cooperative Agreement
Program, Abandoned Mine Land Program. OSMRE/
VISTA Team
EPA/OBLR - Brownfields Cleanup Grants, Multipur-
pose Grants, RLF Grants, EWDJT Grants, State and
Tribal Response Program Grants, TAB Communities
Program
EPA/OW - CWSRF program
GSA - Brownfields Redevelopment Initiative
Redevelopment
ARC - Area Development Grants and Distressed
Counties Grants
USDA/RD - Business and Industry Guaranteed Loan
Program, Intermediary Relending Program; Rural
Business Development Grants; Rural Economic
Development Loan and Grant; Community Facilities
Direct Loan and Grant; Community Facilities
Guaranteed Loan; Water and Waste Disposal Direct
Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Grants; Energy Audits
Renewable Energy Development Assistance Grants,
and Economic Impact Initiative Grants
USFS - Urban and Community Forestry Program
and Great Lakes Restoration Initiative
EDA - Public Works Program, Economic Adjustment
Assistance Program
NOAA - Response and Restoration Programs,
Coastal Management Programs
USAGE - Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, Section
22 Planning Assistance to States, USAGE Centers of
Expertise
DOE - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
ATSDR - Public Health Assessments, Health
Checks, BROWN Community Partnerships, Land
Reuse toolkits
NIEHS - Environmental Career Worker Training
Program, Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) E-Learning for HAZMAT Program, Superfund
Research Program
HUD - Community Development Block Grant
Program, Indian Community Development Block
Grant Program, Section 108 Loan Guarantee
Program, LHR Grant Program
DOI/OSMRE - OSMREA/ISTA Team
DOT/FHWA - Surface Transportation Block Grant
Program for Transportation Alternatives
DOT/FTA - Urbanized Area Formula Funding
Program: Formula Grants for Rural Areas; Capital
Investment Grants, Buses and Bus Facilities
Infrastructure Investment Program; State of Good
Repair Grants; Metropolitan, Statewide, and
Non-Metropolitan Transportation Planning Programs
DOT/OST- BUILD Transportation Grants, Build
America Bureau, TIFIA Credit Assistance, RRIF
Program, INFRA Grants
EPA/OW -CWSRF Program, DWSRF Program, WIFIA
FH FA-Affordable Housing Program, Community
Investment Program, Community Investment Cash
Advances Program
GSA - Brownfields Redevelopment Initiative
NEA - Our Town Grants, Art Works Grants
SBA-7(a) Loan Program, (504) Loan Program
Federal Tax Credit and Tax Deduction Programs
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Overview of Brownfields Federal Programs
FEDERAL AGENCY
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Appalachian Regional
Commission
Grants through state programs for
economic development and brownfields
redevelopment in 420 designated
counties in the 13 Appalachian states.
Technical assistance to support
development efforts to address
brownfields and other economically
distressed areas, in 420 designated
counties in the 13 Appalachian states.
Department of Agriculture,
Rural Development
¦ Loan guarantees for rural businesses.
Loans for small businesses.
Rural business development grants.
Grants to accelerate job creation in
rural communities.
Grants and loans to develop
community facilities.
Grants and loans to develop water and
waste disposal systems in rural areas.
Renewable energy grants.
Grants to promote local food and
farmers markets.
Grants for public facilities that provide
essential services to rural communities.
¦ Technical assistance for rural
businesses.
Technical assistance for strategic
planning and community visioning for
economic development.
Department of Agriculture,
U.S. Forest Service
¦ Financial assistance to plant and
maintain trees for beautification or
remediation of brownfields.
Funding to support projects to protect
the Great Lakes ecosystem.
¦ Technical assistance for planting trees
on mine-scarred lands and for phytore-
mediation.
Technical assistance for planting
trees for open space, parks, and land
conservation projects.
1 Assistance to rural and urban communi-
ties applying for USDA grants.
Department of
Commerce,
Economic Development
Administration
Grants for infrastructure and facilities in
distressed areas.
Grants for regional economic develop-
ment planning.
Grants to support innovation-centric
economic sectors that support
commercialization and entrepreneur-
ship, and cluster development.
Economic adjustment grants.
1 Assistance with economic development
planning.
Promote innovative approaches to
economic development.
Strengthen linkage between economic
development and environmental quality.
Department of Commerce,
National Oceanic
and Atmospheric
Administration
¦ Matching funds to state/local
governments to purchase threatened
coastal and estuarine lands.
¦ Assistance with the restoration of
contaminated coastal sites.
Special projects relating to coastal
resource management.
Department of Defense,
U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers
¦ Congressionally mandated water
resource civic works.
Support for projects to protect the
Great Lakes ecosystem.
¦ Reimbursable water- and land-related
engineering technical assistance.
Watershed and ecosystem planning
support for states.
Centers of expertise.
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FEDERAL AGENCY
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Department of Energy
Grants for energy efficiency and
renewable energy projects.
Loans for the development of
advanced technology, energy-efficient
vehicles.
Research to reduce building energy use.
Facilitating the beneficial reuse of
former brownfields into energy parks
and facilities that design and produce
renewable energy technologies.
Feasibility studies for renewable energy
projects.
Department of Health and
Human Services, Agency
for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry
Grants to assess health issues
associated with redevelopment plans.
Limited health pilot awards for
brownfield and reuse sites.
Technical assistance to public health
agencies.
Assistance to review and assess environ-
mental sampling data and other site data.
Health-related information sharing in
reviewing environmental assessment
data.
Tools to help make health part of the land
renewal process.
Tools and resources for people to
engage in land reuse and redevelop-
ment projects that can reduce environ-
mental exposures.
Department of Health and
Human Services, National
Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences
¦ Grants to develop health and safety
training programs.
Research grants to seek solutions to
health and environmental issues.
¦ Training workers for hazardous
materials handling and disaster
preparedness.
Advanced technology training program.
Training for minority workers in environ-
mental restoration.
Department of Health and
Human Services, Office
of Community Services
¦ Job training program grants.
Grants to small communities for
training and technical assistance for
rural water facilities.
1 Assistance to community development
corporations.
¦ Technical assistance for rural water
facilities.
Department of Housing
and Urban Development
Nationwide block grants for community
development.
Loan guarantees for community
development.
Community development grants for
Indian and Alaska Native communities.
Lead-based paint hazard reduction
grants.
Technical assistance to support
community revitalization, including
brownfields cleanup and redevelop-
ment, and to assess and control
lead-based paint and other home
health hazards.
Department of the Interior,
National Park Service
¦ Transfer of surplus federal land to
state and local governments for park
creation.
¦ Technical assistance for conservation
and recreation projects.
Department of the Interior,
Office of Surface Mining
Reclamation and
Enforcement
¦ Grants to reclaim streams affected by
acid mine drainage.
Grants to states and tribes to reclaim
abandoned mine lands.
¦ Technical assistance and capacity-
building for watershed development.
Watershed remediation internships.
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FEDERAL AGENCY
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Department of Labor
¦ Job training grants.
Grants for community colleges to
develop career training programs.
Technical assistance to states, localities
and community organizations on
workforce development.
Technical assistance to states on
readiness for brownfields redevelopment
job needs.
Department of
Transportation,
Federal Highway
Administration
Grants for transportation projects and
planning.
Grants for air quality improvement and
congestion mitigation.
Grants for transportation enhance-
ments and alternatives, such as bicycle
and pedestrian paths.
Technical assistance for long-range
transportation planning.
Department of
Transportation, Federal
Transit Administration
¦ Grants for public transportation capital
projects in urban and rural areas.
Grants for new and expanded rail, bus,
and ferry systems and facilities.
Grants to replace, rehabilitate, and
purchase buses and related facilities.
Grants for repairing and upgrading
the nation's rail transit systems and
high-intensity motor bus systems.
Funds for developing long-range plans
and short-range programs reflecting
transportation investment priorities.
¦ Technical assistance to transit agencies
working with other state and local
governmental agencies on transit
projects involving brownfields.
Department of
Transportation, Office of
the Secretary
¦ Grants for major transportation projects
that will enhance economic competi-
tiveness and livability.
Credit assistance through secured
loans, loan guarantees, and lines of
credit for large transportation infrastruc-
ture projects.
Direct federal loans and loan
guarantees to finance the development
of railroad infrastructure.
Grants for critical freight issues facing
our nation's highways and bridges.

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FEDERAL AGENCY
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Environmental Protection
Agency
Grants for brownfields inventory,
assessment, planning, and cleanup,
and for capitalizing revolving loan
funds for brownfields cleanup.
Grants for environmental workforce
development and job training.
Grants to states and tribes to enhance
response and brownfields programs.
Loans for water quality improvement
projects, including drinking water.
Grants for projects to restore local
urban water quality.
Technical assistance grants for small
communities.
Technical assistance to brownfields
communities.
Targeted brownfields assessments.
Technical assistance targeted for
capacity-building to implement sustain-
able strategies.
Support for development and
implementation of action plans to
promote local food and downtown
revitalization.
Technical assistance for smart growth
implementation.
Federal Housing Finance
Agency
Loans for housing and economic
development that benefit low- and
moderate-income families.
Loans and grants for affordable
housing.
Financial assistance through Federal
Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) to support
community development, including
brownfield redevelopment projects
eligible for a brownfield tax credit.

General Services
Administration

¦ Assistance to match underused federal
properties and surplus federally owned
brownfields with local revitalization
objectives.
National Endowment for
the Arts
¦ Grants for placemaking projects with
art at their core.
Grants for public art projects.

Small Business
Administration
Loans to small businesses to invest in
major fixed assets, such as land and
buildings.
Loans to small businesses for general
business purposes.
Technical assistance for small business
development.
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This section outlines the key programs and incentives
offered by the federal government that can be used
to support brownfield projects. Organized by agency,
each entry provides a general description of the
agency's overall mission and identifies the resources
(financial assistance and technical assistance) that
are available. Contact information is provided as
well.
When considering potential sources of assistance
for brownfield efforts, keep in mind that many
federal programs may not specifically use the term
"brownfields." Nevertheless, they still may offer
resources applicable for brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment.
Also keep in mind that the programs listed in this guide
may not be available at any given time. While this guide
provides information about funding or support provided
on each program for the most recent year for which
this information is available, this is for information
purposes only. Almost all federal programs are subject
to the availability of funding and other resources, most
often through congressional appropriations. As a result,
some of the programs listed may not be available or
may have limited availability in any given year. It is a
good idea to check with the agency contacts or consult
the websites listed for updated information.
Brownfield-related resources are outlined for the
following federal agencies:
¦	Appalachian Regional Commission
¦	Department of Agriculture — Rural Development
¦	Department of Agriculture — United States Forest Service
¦	Department of Commerce — Economic Development Administration
¦	Department of Commerce — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
¦	Department of Defense — U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
¦	Department of Energy
¦	Department of Health and Human Services — Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
¦	Department of Health and Human Services — National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
¦	Department of Health and Human Services — Office of Community Services
¦	Department of Housing and Urban Development
¦	Department of the Interior — National Park Service
¦	Department of the Interior—Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
¦	Department of Labor
¦	Department of Transportation — Federal Highway Administration
¦	Department of Transportation — Federal Transit Administration
¦	Department of Transportation — Office of the Secretary
¦	Environmental Protection Agency
¦	Federal Housing Finance Agency
¦	General Services Administration
¦	National Endowment for the Arts
¦	Small Business Administration
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Appalachian Regional Commission
EST
APPALACHIAN
REGIONAL
COMMISSION
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC)'s
mission is to innovate, partner, and invest to build
community capacity and strengthen economic growth
in Appalachia. ARC partners with federal, state, and
local government to accomplish this mission. ARC'S
membership comprises the governors of the 13
Appalachian Mountain states and a federal co-chair
appointed by the president. Each year, the governors
elect one of their members to serve as state co-chair.
Grassroots participation is provided through local
multicounty development districts. Congress annually
appropriates funds, which ARC allocates among its
member states.
Brownfields Connections
The reclamation and reuse of brownfields and
formerly mined lands align with ARC'S asset-based
development approach to community and economic
development, and exemplify a way that communities
can meet ARC'S five investment goals—investing in
entrepreneurial and business development strategies
that strengthen Appalachia's economy.
The communities of Central Appalachia are increas-
ingly interested in the potential to create economic
opportunity through the creative reuse and redevel-
opment of abandoned and formerly mined lands.
Continued funding of the Abandoned Mine Land
(AML) Pilot Program in FY 2018 through the
Department of Interior's Office of Surface Mining,
Reclamation, and Enforcement (OSMRE) has allowed
many Appalachian communities to advance projects
that have both AML and community or economic
development outcomes.
ARC participates in the Brownfields National Network
and the Central Appalachian Regional Brownfields
Summit. The summit is co-organized by the Central
Appalachian Brownfields Innovation Network (CABIN)
and addresses regional brownfields topics impacting
Central Appalachia. The summit is an opportunity
to highlight successful projects featuring multidisci-
plinary project teams that incorporate community,
economic, and environmental expertise, hear from,
AML experts and help participants understand
the strategic approaches for redevelopment of
abandoned and formerly mined lands.
ARC also collaborates with CABIN, which facilitates
a peer network of communities and redevelopment
experts in Central Appalachia. Through this network,
communities receive travel support to towns of
similar sizes and experiences. These events, called
"Redevelopment Expert Exchanges," facilitate sharing
between communities by matching redevelopment
leaders from across the region and typically focus on
a specific brownfield project site.
ARC provided support for the Appalachian Regional
Reforestation Initiative (ARRI) that was created in
2004 and provided support to the nonprofit, Green
Forests Work (GFW), in 2011-2013. ARRI and GFW
encourage the restoration of high-quality forests on
reclaimed surface coal mines in Appalachia. Since
2009, GFW and partners have planted nearly 2.5
million trees across approximately 4,000 acres in the
Appalachian region. GFW estimates that there are
nearly one million acres left to reforest.
ARC also participates in the U.S. Department of
Commerce's Investing in Manufacturing Communi-
ties Partnership (IMCP), a government-wide initiative
to accelerate the resurgence of manufacturing
and help communities cultivate an environment for
businesses to create well-paying manufacturing
jobs in cities across the country. Greater Pittsburgh
Metals Manufacturing, a partnership of government,
university, industry, workforce, and economic develop-
ment organizations located in southwestern Pennsyl-
vania and northern West Virginia, was one of the 12
manufacturing communities designated for the period
2015-2017.
POWER (Partnerships for Opportunity and Workforce
and Economic Revitalization) is a congressionally-
funded initiative that targets federal resources to help
communities and regions that were affected by job
losses in coal mining, coal power plant operations,
and coal-related supply chain industries due to the
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changing economics of America's energy production.
ARC is participating in POWER with the U.S.
Economic Development Administration (EDA) and
eight other agencies. Several projects funded with
POWER grants have incorporated productive use of
formerly mined lands and brownfields. In FY 2018, the
Natural Capital Investment Fund (NCIFund) received
a POWER grant to help design programs to improve
West Virginia's downtowns by building entrepreneur-
ial capacity, improving vital real estate, and providing
a suite of technical assistance and financing services.
Through the Downtown Appalachia Redevelopment
Initiative, the NCIFund and West Virginia Brownfields
Assistance Centers will provide training and technical
assistance to the owners of vacant, dilapidated, and/
or underutilized buildings in coal-impacted West
Virginia towns.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
On November 16, 2015, the Appalachian Regional
Commission approved "Investing in Appalachia's
Future: The Appalachian Regional Commission's
Five-Year Strategic Plan for Capitalizing on
Appalachia's Opportunities." Following adoption
of the plan, ARC revised its governing code to
develop programs and policies to carry out the
goals and objectives set forth in the plan. These
include investing in entrepreneurial and business
development strategies that strengthen Appalachia's
economy; increasing the education, knowledge,
skills, and health of residents to work and succeed
in Appalachia; investing in critical infrastructure;
strengthening Appalachia's community and economic
development potential by leveraging the region's
natural and cultural heritage assets; and building the
capacity and skills of current and next-generation
leaders and organizations to innovate, collaborate,
and advance community and economic development.
To be approved and funded by ARC, a proposed
project must implement the development plan of the
Appalachian state in which it is located and must be
identified by the state in its annual strategy statement.
ARC expects grantees to contribute matching
resources to projects to the extent they are able, and
to seek additional non-ARC funding assistance in a
diligent manner. ARC has specific requirements for
matching funds; individual states may have additional
requirements. State ARC program managers or local
development districts can provide information about
individual state matching requirements.
Potential applicants for ARC grants should contact
the individual local development district serving the
county in which the proposed project is located for
guidance on a project's eligibility for funding and
assistance in preparing a grant application.
The Commission's Asset-Based Development
approach helps communities identify and leverage
local assets—natural, cultural, structural, and
leadership—to create jobs and build prosperity
while preserving the character of the community.
ARC and its partners do this by identifying best
practices; building partnerships with private, public,
and nonprofit organizations; providing technical
assistance to communities; and funding asset-based
development efforts. Strategies include converting
overlooked and underused facilities, possibly due to
environmental contamination, into industrial parks,
business incubators, or educational facilities.
Area Development Grants
Eligibility Requirements: ARC grants are awarded
to state and local agencies and governmental entities
(such as economic development authorities), local
governing boards such as county councils, and
nonprofit organizations. Potential applicants should
contact their state ARC program manager to request
a pre-application package. The local development
district serving the county in which the project is
located also may provide guidance on a project's
eligibility for funding and assistance in preparing a
grant application.
Limitations: ARC funding is limited to projects in
420 designated counties in the 13 Appalachian
states. Projects must carry out one or more of the
goals stated in ARC'S 2016-2020 strategic plan. ARC
targets special assistance to economically distressed
counties in the Appalachian Region, allowing up to
80 percent participation in grants in distressed areas
(see Distressed Counties Grants, below).
Availability: Funding availability is subject to ARC'S
annual budget and resources. For current status,
please visit the website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Planning and technical assistance to address
brownfields.
¦	Infrastructure needed to convert brownfields to new
economic uses.
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SNAPSHOT - POE MILL PARK, GREENVILLE, SC
r
Funding from ARC was critical for creation of a new park on the site of a former textile mill in Greenville,
South Carolina. In FY 2018, ARC awarded a grant to the Greenville County Redevelopment Author-
ity's Poe Mill Brownfield Remediation Completion project. The project area is the site of an old textile
mill that closed in 1977. The aPandoned structures suPsequently Purned down in 2003. Since 2009,
various local entities have collaPorated to remediate the site (mainly Py removing asPestos- and heavy
metals-laden materials) so that it can Pe turned into a neighPorhood park and a regional attraction
with an amphitheater. The new park will provide a local gathering place and is expected to catalyze
further economic growth in the area.
The Greenville County Redevelopment Authority used $800,000 in EPA Prownfields grants to assess and
clean up the Poe Mill Historical Plaza and Poe Mill parking lot after the fire. The Redevelopment Authority
and its partners will complete a multiphase remediation process and prepare the site for redevelop-
ment Py demolishing structures on the property, distriPuting a one-foot deep layer of clean soil fill
on the entire site (minus the existing paved area) to encapsulate the contaminated soils Pelow, and
seeding the non-paved areas.
¦ Conversion of obsolete industrial sites to public
purposes.
NOTE: ARC funding can be used for many activities
and is often flexible. Although all these activities could
likely qualify for ARC assistance, the applicant should
consult with its state ARC program manager first to
understand its state's priorities.
CFDA Number: 23.002
Distressed Counties Grants follow the same code and
guidelines that govern ARC'S regular grant program
(see Area Development Grants, above). ARC targets
special resources to the most economically distressed
counties in the region using Distressed Counties
Grants. ARC uses an index-based classification
system to compare each county in the nation with
national averages for three economic indicators:
three-year average unemployment rates, per capita
market income, and poverty rates. Based on that
comparison, each Appalachian county is classified
within one of five economic status designations:
distressed, at-risk, transitional, competitive, or
attainment. Distressed counties are those that rank in
the lowest 10 percent of the nation's counties.
Eligibility Requirements: For FY 2019, 81 counties
qualify for distressed county status. ARC'S annual
County Economic Status and Distressed Areas in
Appalachia, FY 2019, lists these counties and their
economic designation. This report is available at
https://www.arc.aov/fundina/ARCDistressedCounties-
Grants.asp.
Limitations: ARC normally limits its maximum
project funding contribution to 50 percent of costs,
but it can increase its funding share to as much as
80 percent in distressed counties. ARC funding is
limited to projects in 420 designated counties in the
13 Appalachian states.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to ARC'S
annual budget and resources. For current status,
please visit the website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Planning and technical assistance to address
brownfields problems.
¦	Infrastructure needed to convert brownfields to new
economic uses.
¦	Conversion of obsolete industrial sites to public
purposes.
NOTE: ARC funding can be used for many activities
and is often flexible. Although all these activities could
likely qualify for ARC assistance, the applicant should
consult with its state ARC program manager first to
understand its state's priorities.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assess mer
Cleanu
Distressed Counties Grants
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CFDA Number: 23-002 Assistance
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment ) Cleanup
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Molly Theobald
Appalachian Regional Commission, Department of
Community Investments
1666 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20009-1068
202-884-7767
mtheobald@arc.aov
Main Site
https://www.arc.aov
ARC Grants and Contracts
https://www.arc.aov/fundina/ARCGrantsandCon-
tracts.asp
ARC State Program Managers
https://www.arc.aov/about/stateproarammanaaers.asp
Local Development District Contacts
https://www.arc.gov/ldds
County Economic Status and Distressed Areas in
Appalachia (by Fiscal Year)
https://www.arc.gov/appalachian region/countveco-
nomicstatusanddistressedareasinappalachia.asp
POWER
https://www.arc.gov/power
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Department of Agriculture —
Rural Development
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDAI Rural
Development (RD) is committed to helping improve
the economy and quality of life in rural America by
providing financial programs to support essential
public and private facilities and services such as
water and sewer systems, housing, health clinics,
emergency service facilities, and electric and
telecommunications infrastructure. RD promotes
economic development by providing loans to
businesses through banks, credit unions, and
community-managed lending pools, while also
helping communities participate in community
empowerment programs.
USDA is in a key position to support activities that
are critical to community brownfields revitaliza-
tion efforts. RD operates a variety of programs that
rural communities can find useful when undertaking
redevelopment projects. Nearly all the following RD
programs can contribute to brownfields projects: (1)
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Improve-
ments Program; (2) housing programs; (3) community
facilities programs; (4) business programs; (5)
cooperative programs; (6) electric programs; (7)
telecommunications programs; (8) water and environ-
ment programs; and (9) community development
programs.
The RD programs are administered on a state-by-
state basis and through districts within each state.
Identifying a state office and local contact will facilitate
access and help in applying for grants and loans from
the various RD programs. (See https://www.rd.usda.
aov/contact-us/state-offices to find individual state
office websites and contact information.)
Brownfields Connections
¦	Grants, loans, and loan guarantee assistance for
a variety of business, commercial, and industrial
brownfields redevelopment projects in small towns
and rural areas.
¦	Support for the installation and improvement of
critical infrastructure needed to support economic
Rural
Development
development in brownfields-affected communities.
¦	Financing for the construction of key public facilities.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Business and Industry Guaranteed Loan Program
The Business and Industry (B&l) Guaranteed Loan
Program bolsters the existing private credit structure
through the guarantee of a lender's loans to rural
businesses. The program is administered at the local
level through the Business Programs staff at USDA
state offices.
Eligibility Requirements: Lenders may request
guarantees for their proposed loans to eligible
borrowers, including for-profit businesses, nonprofits,
cooperatives, federally recognized tribes, public
bodies, or individuals for business purposes. The
loan guarantees are available in rural areas, which
include all areas other than cities or towns of more
than 50,000 people. The contiguous and adjacent
urbanized area of cities or towns larger than 50,000
also are excluded from eligibility.
Limitations: Repayment terms for real estate loans
are not to exceed 30 years; equipment loans are not
to exceed 15 years or the useful life of the equipment,
whichever is less. The maximum term for working
capital loans is seven years. The loan amortiza-
tion term may be blended for loans with multiple
purposes.
Availability: The maximum loan amount that a
recipient may receive a guarantee is $25 million. Loan
guarantees up to 80 percent are available for most
loans under $5 million, loans between $5 million and
$10 million can receive up to a 70 percent guarantee,
and loans over $10 million can receive up to a 60
percent guarantee.
Uses/Applications Include:
B&l loan proceeds can be used for:
¦	The purchase and development of land, buildings,
and associated infrastructure for commercial or
industrial properties;
6 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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¦	The purchase of machinery and equipment;
¦	Business expansion or acquisition; or
¦	Working capital purposes.
https://www.rd.usda.aov/proarams-services/business-
industrv-loan-auarantees
CFDA Number: 10.768
Intermediary Relending Program
The purpose of the Intermediary Relending Program
(IRP) is to alleviate poverty and increase economic
activity and employment in rural communities through
loans made to intermediaries that establish revolving
loan programs. Intermediaries use IRP funds to assist
with financing business and economic development in
disadvantaged and remote communities.
The IRP capitalizes locally managed revolving loan
funds for small businesses unable to secure adequate
bank financing on their own. Like the B&l program,
resources from the IRP can be used for real estate
and equipment purposes.
Eligibility Requirements: Intermediaries may be
private nonprofit corporations, cooperatives, public
agencies, or federally recognized tribes with legal
authority to operate a revolving loan fund. Loan
applicants may be individuals, public or private
organizations, or other legal entities. The loans are
normally available in rural areas outside of cities or
towns of less than 50,000 people and the contiguous
and adjacent urbanized area of these small cities or
towns.
Availability: An intermediary may receive loans up
to $2 million under its first financing and up to $1
million at a time thereafter, with total indebtedness
not to exceed $15 million. Loans to intermediaries are
scheduled for repayment over a period of 30 years.
The interest rate on loans for intermediaries is 1
percent per year.
Uses/Applications Include (all apply to loans from
intermediaries to ultimate recipients):
¦	Establishment of new businesses or expansion of
existing business, purchase of land, equipment,
leasehold improvements, and machinery.
¦	Working capital, feasibility studies, debt refinancing,
reasonable fees and charges.
¦	Development of educational institutions, hotels,
motels, transportation services, and aquaculture-
based small businesses.
¦	Pollution control and abatement.
https://www.rd.usda.gov/proorams-services/intermedi-
arv-relendina-proaram
CFDA Number: 10.767
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
A
Rural Business Development Grants Program
The Rural Business Development Grants (RBDG)
program is a competitive grant program that supports
targeted technical assistance and training for the
development or expansion of small and emerging
private businesses in rural areas. Grants support
identification and analysis of business opportunities,
establishment of support centers to assist with the
creation of new rural businesses, economic develop-
ment planning, and other related efforts that lead to
the development or expansion of small and emerging
private businesses (with fewer than 50 employees
and less than $1 million in gross revenues) in rural
areas. Programmatic activities are separated into
enterprise- or opportunity-type grant activities.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
rural public entities, which include, but are not limited
to: towns, communities, state agencies, authori-
ties, nonprofit corporations, institutions of higher
education, federally recognized tribes, and rural
cooperatives.
Limitations: Opportunity-type grant funding is limited
to a maximum award of $50,000 for unreserved
funds. Total opportunity-type grant funding is limited
statutorily to up to 10 percent of the total RBDG
annual funding.
Availability: There is no maximum grant amount, but
smaller requests are given higher priority. Generally,
grants range from $10,000 to $500,000. There is no
cost-sharing requirement.
Uses/Applications Include: Enterprise-type grant
funds must be used on projects to benefit small and
emerging businesses in rural areas as specified in the
grant application. Uses may include:
¦	Pollution control and abatement.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 7

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¦	Training and technical assistance, such as project
planning; business counseling or training; market
research; feasibility studies; professional or technical
reports; or product or service improvements.
¦	Acquisition or development of land, easements,
or rights of way; construction, conversion, or
renovation of buildings, plants, machinery,
equipment, access streets and roads, parking
areas, or utilities.
¦	Capitalization of revolving loan funds, including
funds that will make loans for startups and working
capital.
¦	Distance adult learning for job training and advance-
ment.
¦	Rural transportation improvement.
¦	Community economic development.
¦	Technology-based economic development.
¦	Feasibility studies and business plans.
¦	Leadership and entrepreneur training.
¦	Rural business incubators.
¦	Long-term business strategic planning.
Opportunity-type grant funding must be used for
projects in rural areas, such as:
¦	Community economic development.
¦	Technology-based economic development.
¦	Feasibility studies and business plans.
¦	Leadership and entrepreneur training.
¦	Rural business incubators.
¦	Long-term business strategic planning.
https://www. rd.usda.aov/proarams-services/
rural-business-development-arants
CFDA Number: 10.351
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment
Cleanup
Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant
Program
The Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant
(REDLG) program provides funding to rural projects
through local utility organizations. The grant program
provides grant funds to local utilities to establish
revolving loan funds for use in making loans for the
creation and retention of viable jobs in rural areas.
Under the separate loan program, utilities can receive
zero-interest loans that are passed through to local
businesses to assist business and create new jobs or
retain existing jobs.
Eligibility Requirements: To receive funding under
the REDLG program, an entity must be:
¦	Any former Rural Utilities Service borrower who
borrowed, repaid, or pre-paid an insured, direct, or
guaranteed loan.
¦	Nonprofit utilities that are eligible to receive
assistance from the RD Electric or Telecommunica-
tions Programs.
¦	Current RD Electric or Telecommunications
Programs borrowers.
Availability: The maximum funding for a loan is $2
million. The maximum funding for a grant to establish
a revolving loan fund is $300,000.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Community development, purchase of real estate,
buildings, facilities, and equipment for education,
training, or rural medical care.
¦	Business incubators or expansion.
¦	Startup venture costs.
¦	Revolving loan funds.
¦	Technical assistance.
https://www. rd.usda.aov/proarams-services/
rural-economic-development-loan-arant-proaram
CFDA Number: 10.854
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleam
Community Facilities Direct Loan and Grant Program
The Community Facilities Direct Loan and Grant
Program provides funding to develop community
facilities in rural areas that provide essential services
for the orderly development of the rural community.
Essential services include hospitals, clinics, town
halls and other public facilities, child care centers, fire
departments, libraries, and community kitchens, food
banks, and gardens.
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Loans can have a term of up to 40 years or for the
useful life of the facility (if less than 40 years), and
interest rates are fixed. In some cases, RD can offer
grant assistance.
Eligibility Requirements: Borrowers may be public
bodies, community-based nonprofit corporations, or
federally recognized tribes. Eligible rural areas are
those with fewer than 20,000 residents according to
latest U.S. Census data.
Limitations: Grant funding limitations are based
on population and income, economic feasibility, and
availability of funds.
Availability: The amount of grant assistance for
project costs depends upon the median household
income of the population in the community where the
project is located, and the availability of grant funds. In
most instances, projects that receive grant assistance
have a high priority and are highly leveraged with
other loan and grant awards. Grant assistance may be
available for up to 75 percent of project costs.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Purchase, construction, or improvement of essential
community facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, town
halls and other public facilities, child care centers,
fire departments, libraries, and community gardens.
¦	Purchase of equipment and pay-related project
expenses.
https://www. rd.usda.aov/proarams-services/
communitv-facilities-direct-loan-arant-proaram
CFDA Number: 10.766
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
Community Facilities Guaranteed Loan Program
USDA provides loan guarantees for private lenders
that make loans that will lead to the development of
essential community facilities, such as public safety
and hospital facilities, for communities with up to
20,000 residents. Loans can run for up to 40 years or
for the useful life of the facility (if less than 40 years).
Eligibility Requirements: Borrowers may be public
bodies, community-based nonprofit corporations, or
federally recognized tribes. Eligible rural areas are
those with fewer than 20,000 residents according to
latest U.S. Census data.
A loan guarantee is a pledge by one party (the
guarantor) to assume the debt obligation of a
borrower if the borrower defaults. It is not a direct
loan. For this program, USDA is the guarantor.
Availability: Loans are guaranteed for a maximum of
90 percent of the eligible loan, and there is a one-time
guarantee fee of 1 percent of the principal loan
amount times the percent of the guarantee.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Purchase, construction, or improvement of essential
community facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, town
halls and other public facilities, child care centers,
fire departments, and community gardens.
¦	Education services such as museums, libraries, or
private schools.
https://www. rd.usda.aov/proarams-services/
communitv-facilities-auaranteed-loan-proaram
CFDA Number: 10.766
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
Water and Waste Disposal Direct Loans, Loan
Guarantees, and Grants
RD offers several programs aimed at providing funds
for clean and reliable drinking water systems, sanitary
sewage and solid waste disposal, and stormwater
drainage systems in rural areas with populations of
10,000 or less. The loans can extend up to 40 years
with interest rates based upon project need and the
median household income of the area being served. A
revolving loan fund companion program helps provide
financing to extend and improve water and waste
disposal systems.
Eligibility Requirements: Funds are available to
state and local governments, nonprofit corporations,
and Indian tribes.
Availability: Grants are subject to the availability of
funds.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Construction and improvement of drinking water,
stormwater, sewer and solid waste facilities.
¦	Land acquisition.
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¦	Legal fees and engineering fees.
¦	Equipment and initial operation and maintenance
costs.
Water and Waste Disposal Loan and Grant
Program: https://www.rd.usda.aov/proarams-services/
water-waste-disposal-loan-arant-proaram
Water and Waste Disposal Loan Guarantees:
https://www. rd.usda.aov/proarams-services/
water-waste-disposal-loan-auarantees
Water and Waste Disposal Revolving Loan Funds:
https://www. rd.usda.aov/proarams-services/
water-waste-disposal-revolving-loan-funds
CFDA Number: 10.760
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanu
Rural Energy for America Program: Energy Audit &
Renewable Energy Development Assistance Grants
The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) has
competitive grant funds to promote and conduct
energy audits and provide renewable energy develop-
ment assistance. This includes assessment of sites
for renewable energy development.
Eligibility Requirements: For energy audits and
renewable energy development assistance, state,
tribal, and local governments; land grant colleges,
universities, and other institutions of higher learning;
rural electric cooperatives and public power entities;
and Resource Conservation and Development
Councils are eligible to apply. Grant eligibility is
limited to rural small businesses and agricultural
producers. An agricultural producer is an individual
or entity directly engaged in the production of agricul-
tural products (crops, livestock, forestry products,
hydroponics, nursery, and aquaculture) whereby 50
percent or greater of the producer's gross income is
derived from the operations.
Availability: The maximum aggregate amount
awarded to an applicant for an energy audit and
REAP grant cannot exceed $100,000 in a fiscal year.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Energy audits.
¦	Renewable energy technical assistance.
¦	Renewable energy site assessments.
https://www. rd.usda.gov/programs-services/
rural-energy-america-prooram-energy-audit-
renewable-energy-development-assistance
CFDA Number: 10.868
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment
Cleanup
Economic Impact Initiative Grants
Economic Impact Initiative Grants fund public facilities
that provide essential services to rural communities.
Priorities are given to projects that improve public
health and safety, energy efficiency, and education.
Eligibility Requirements: Funds are available to
state and local governments, nonprofit corporations,
and Indian tribes.
Availability: Grant assistance may be available
for up to 75 percent of project costs. Grant funding
limitations are based on population and income, and
availability of funds.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Construction and improvement of community
facilities for health care (e.g., hospitals, medical
clinics, dental clinics, nursing homes, assisted-living
facilities).
¦	Construction and improvement of public safety
facilities (e.g., fire halls, police stations, prisons,
jails, police vehicles, fire trucks, public works
vehicles and equipment).
¦	Construction and improvement of public service
facilities (e.g., child care centers, transitional
housing, libraries and museums).
¦	Local food systems (e.g., community gardens, food
pantries, community kitchens, food banks, food
hubs, greenhouses).
https://www.rd.usda.gov/proorams-services/economic-
impact-initiative-grants
CFDA Number: 10.446
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanu
10 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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SNAPSHOT - BEDFORD SOLAR FARM, BEDFORD, VA
r
In 201 7, Bedford Solar received a $3 million USDA Rural Development loan to build a three-megawatt
solar plant to provide electricity to Bedford, a small rural town in Virginia. Built on a brownfield, Bedford
Solar entered into an agreement with the Bedford Town Council, which was approved in November
2016. The developer agreed to lease the land from the town and pay to develop the solar farm. The
farm was complete in December 201 7, and is expected to stimulate local economic growth and
development. It began providing electricity in January 2018, reducing energy costs, attracting new
business with sustainable renewable energy, and creating local jobs.
OTHER USDA PROGRAMS
Farmers Market and Local Food Promotion Program
(USDA Agricultural Marketing Service)
According to USDA, approximately 8,720 farmers
markets were listed in the National Farmers Market
Directory in 2018, more than double the number
in 2007. Throughout the country, communities are
responding to this trend by transforming contaminated
properties into locations where communities can
grow and buy food locally. The Farmers Market and
Local Food Promotion Program (FMLFPP) includes
two competitive grant programs: the Farmers Market
Promotion Program (FMPP) and the Local Food
Promotion Program (LFPP). The goal of the FMLFPP
grants is to support the development, coordina-
tion, and expansion of direct- producer-to-consumer
markets and local and regional food business
enterprises.
¦	Under FMPP, eligible activities include supporting
and promoting farmers markets, roadside stands,
community-supported agriculture programs,
agritourism activities, online sales, and other direct
producer-to-consumer market opportunities.
¦	Under LFPP, eligible activities include the support
of local and regional food business enterprises
that engage as intermediaries in direct producer-
to-consumer marketing and are responsible for the
processing, aggregation, distribution, and storage of
local and regional food products that are marketed
locally and regionally. This program may be of
interest to those interested in reusing brownfields to
locate farmers markets and promote local foods.
Eligibility Requirements: All applicants must be
domestic entities owned, operated, and located
within the 50 states, the District of Columbia,
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam,
American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
Eligible entities include agricultural businesses and
cooperatives, community-supported agriculture
networks and associations, economic development
corporations, food councils, local governments,
nonprofit corporations, producer networks, producer
associations, public-benefit corporations, regional
farmers market authorities, and tribal governments.
Availability: In FY 2018, the USDA Agricultural
Marketing Service awarded 103 applications. The
maximum award for an FMPP grant or an LFPP grant
is $500,000.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Bringing local farm products into federal nutrition
programs with electronic benefits transfer
technology at direct-market outlets.
¦	Raising customer awareness of local foods through
promotion and outreach.
¦	Educating farmers and growers in marketing,
business planning, and similar topics.
¦	Increasing market awareness through advertising
and branding efforts.
¦	Purchasing equipment, such as refrigerated
trucks, or equipment for a commercial kitchen for
value-added products.
Farmers Market Promotion Program: https://www.
ams.usda.aov/services/arants/fmpp
Local Food Promotion Program: https://www.ams.
usda.aov/services/grants/lfpp
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ) Assessment ) Cleanup
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 11

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Peggy Wade
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Rural Development
1400 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20250
202-875-3572
peaav.wade@wdc.usda.aov
John Miklozek
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Marketing Service
1400 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20250
202-720-1403
iohn.miklozek@usda.aov
All USDA RD Programs
https://www. rd.usda.aov/programs-services/
all-programs
USDAAMS Grants and Opportunities
https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/grants
State Contacts
https://www.rd.usda.gov/contact-us/state-offices
Main USDA RD Site
https://www. rd. usda. gov/
12 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Agriculture
U.S. Forest Service
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The mission of the U.S. Forest Service (USDA Forest
Service) is to sustain the health, diversity, and productiv-
ity of the nation's forests and grasslands to meet the
needs of present and future generations. USDA Forest
Service manages a 193-million-acre system of 154
National Forests and 20 National Grasslands for the
public good; provides technical and financial assistance
to state and local agencies, tribes, communities, and
private landowners; and conducts research and delivers
knowledge and technology on all aspects of forestry,
rangeland management, and forest resource utilization.
USDA Forest Service collaborates with several nonprofit
organizations1 to provide additional resources that can
potentially support tree growth in brownfields communi-
ties. USDA Forest Service also provides international
assistance for the protection and management of the
world's forest resources. Forest Service Cooperative
Forestry programs, delivered through state forestry
agencies, provide information and assistance to communi-
ties involved in brownfield projects. These programs help
communities manage natural resources to enhance forest
health and ecosystem services and to promote community
resilience and economic development. USDA Forest
Service research provides information on brownfields
remediation and ecological rehabilitation.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Technical and financial assistance for integrat-
ing natural infrastructure into redevelopment and
brownfields reuse projects in 50 states, the District
of Columbia, U.S. Territories, and affiliated Pacific
Island Nations through state forestry agencies.
¦	Technical assistance for afforestation and
ecological restoration associated with redeveloping
brownfields located in rural and urban communities,
or near mine-scarred lands.
¦	Technical, financial, and educational assistance
for communities that want to convert existing
1 For example, Vibrant Cities Lab. i-Tree. Planning the Urban
Forest. 5 Star/Urban Waters Restoration Grants Program
(provides grants for community-based restoration, funded in
part by USDA Forest Service and EPA), and Tree Citv USA.
brownfields into natural open space, parks, or
tree-covered parks, or to conduct other land
conservation projects to increase access to nature.
¦	Assistance to rural and urban brownfields communi-
ties in applying for USDA grants and loans.
¦	Research on plant-enhanced bioremediation, forest
restoration, and other topics relevant to remediation
and reclamation.
RESOURCES
Financial and Technical Assistance
Urban and Community Forestry Program
The Urban and Community Forestry (UCF) Program
is a cooperative program that focuses on the steward-
ship of urban natural resources. UCF responds to
the needs of urban areas by maintaining, restoring,
and improving forest ecosystems on more than 136
million acres of urban land. Through these efforts,
the program encourages and promotes the creation
of healthier, more livable urban environments across
the nation. Urban forests, which include urban parks,
street trees, landscaped boulevards, public gardens,
river and coastal promenades, greenways, river
corridors, wetlands, nature preserves, natural areas,
shelter belts of trees, and working trees at industrial
brownfield sites, are dynamic ecosystems that provide
environmental services such as clean air and water.
Trees cool cities and save energy, improve air quality,
reduce stormwater runoff, strengthen local economies,
improve social connections that create restorative
commons to improve health and well-being, and
complement smart growth principles. UCF provides
financial and technical assistance to plant, protect,
establish, and manage trees, forests, and related
resources. To request UCF program assistance,
contact your State Forestry Agency's UCF Program.
Eligibility Requirements: Local governments,
nonprofit organizations, community groups,
educational institutions, and tribal governments are
eligible for assistance. The program is delivered
through state forestry agencies in each state, the
District of Columbia, and U.S. Territories.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 13

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SNAPSHOT - MUSKEGON LAKE CLEANUP AND RESTORATION, Ml
r
With funding provided by the U.S. Forest Service through the Great Lakes Restoration initiative, the
nonprofit Delta Institute is working with the Western Michigan Shoreline Regional Development Commis-
sion to plant 5,500 hybrid poplar trees on eight brownfield sites to aid the $75 million cleanup and
restoration of Michigan's Muskegon Lake. The trees are expected to help reduce pollution from five types
of contaminants through the process of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the process of using trees
and vegetation to take up harmful contaminants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals
from soil and groundwater. Phytoremediation is being used as an interim land management strategy in
to help remediate the soil and prepare the site for a more permanent redevelopment solution.
Availability: Funding depends upon annual congres-
sional appropriations.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Revitalizing city centers, older suburbs, and exurban
areas through green infrastructure planning.
¦	Planting, caring for, and using trees as part of
brownfields reuse.
¦	Restoring degraded rivers or other ecological
restoration activities.
¦	Planting trees for phytoremediation at brownfield sites.
¦	Providing service learning for youth working in the
environment through partner programs.
https://www.fs.fed. us/manaaina-land/urban-forests/ucf
CFDA Number: 10.675
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
9
Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRi)
Through an agreement with EPA, the Forest Service
receives funding to support projects that implement
strategic, priority actions within provided authorities
to restore, protect, and maintain the Great Lakes
ecosystem.
Eligibility Requirements: State and local
government agencies, tribal communities, nonprofit
organizations, and academic partners within the
Great Lakes Basin of Minnesota, Wisconsin,
/ \
An interagency task force of ten federal agencies
coordinates GLRI activities. The partner federal
agencies determine program and project priorities,
and fund restoration projects. EPA is chair of the
GLRI. https://www.alri.us/partners
V	
Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and
New York are eligible for funding.
Limitations: Only non-construction activities are
eligible, and projects must take place only on
non-federal lands.
Availability: Funding depends upon annual congres-
sional appropriations. In FY 2017, USDA Forest
Service awarded over $4.5 million in GLRI grants
to support local environmental restoration projects
across seven states.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Reduction of runoff from degraded sites through
green infrastructure using trees and other vegetation.
¦	Enhancement of coastal wetland filtration through
planting native trees and diverse vegetation.
¦	Restoration of urban tree canopy lost to infestation
by emerald ash borer.
CFDA Number: 10.664, 10.675, 10.672
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
https://www.fs.usda.aov/naspf/workina-with-us/arants/
areat-lakes-restoration-initiative
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Lauren Marshall
U.S. Forest Service
Urban & Community Forestry, Cooperative Forestry
1400 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20250
lemarshall@usda.aov
Main Site
https://www.fs.fed.us/
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
14 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Commerce — EDA
U.S. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
Economic Development
Administration
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The Economic Development Administration (EDA)
provides grants to help communities and regions
suffering from economic distress build capacity for
economic development. EDA assistance is available
to units of state and local government, nonprofits,
Indian tribes, and institutions of higher education
in rural and urban areas experiencing chronic high
unemployment or underemployment, low per capita
income, or a severe disruption to the economic base
of the community or region. EDA's grants can serve
as gap financing or be catalytic, spurring private
capital investment and long-term job creation by
helping to build the regional capacity to support
bottom-up, regionally driven economic development
priorities. Traditionally, over half of all EDA resources
go to small towns and rural areas.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Funding for public works and infrastructure
enhancements relating to brownfields redevelop-
ment.
¦	Funding for economic development planning
to economically distressed states, regions, and
communities impacted by brownfields.
¦	Funding for local technical assistance to help public
and nonprofit leaders with their economic develop-
ment decision-making.
¦	Funding to capitalize revolving loan funds for state
and local implementation of strategies to attract
private sector investment.
Between FY 2000 and FY 2018, EDA invested
approximately $400 million in more than 350
brownfield redevelopment projects (with an average
investment of roughly $1.1 million).
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Public Works Program
Through the Public Works Program, EDA provides
catalytic investments to help distressed communities
build, design, or engineer critical infrastructure and
facilities that will help implement regional develop-
ment strategies and advance bottom-up economic
development goals to promote regional prosperity.
The Public Works program provides resources to
meet the construction and/or infrastructure design
needs of communities to enable them to become
more economically competitive. Prior examples of
investments EDA has supported through the Public
Works program include projects supporting water
and sewer system improvements, industrial parks,
high-tech shipping and logistics facilities, workforce
training facilities, business incubators and accelera-
tors, brownfield redevelopment, technology-based
facilities, wet labs, multitenant manufacturing
facilities, science and research parks, and telecom-
munications infrastructure and development facilities.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants in
communities experiencing economic decline and
distress include:
(i) District Organization of an EDA-designated
Economic Development District; (ii) Indian tribe or
a consortium of Indian tribes; (iii) state, county, city,
or other political subdivision of a state, including a
special purpose unit of a state or local government
engaged in economic or infrastructure development
activities, or a consortium of political subdivisions;
(iv) institution of higher education or a consortium
of institutions of higher education; or (v) public or
private nonprofit organization or association acting in
cooperation with officials of a political subdivision of
a state.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 15

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Limitations: Individuals and for-profit private entities
are not eligible. An EDA-approved Comprehensive
Economic Development Strategy (CEDS, see below)
is a prerequisite for requesting an EDA-funded Public
Works grant.
Availability: For FY 2018, EDA was appropriated
$117.5 million for the Public Works Program. (The FY
2018 award amounts are provided for information and
planning purposes.) EDA accepts applications on a
rolling basis for Public Works funding. See the EDA
website at https://www.eda.aov/fundina-opportunities/
for specific requirements.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Support for the construction or rehabilitation
of essential public infrastructure and facilities
necessary to generate or retain private sector jobs
and investments, and to enable communities to
become more economically competitive.
CFDA Number: 11.300
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
A
Economic Adjustment Assistance Program
Through the Economic Adjustment Assistance (EAA)
Program, EDA provides investments that support
a wide range of construction and non-construc-
tion activities, including infrastructure, design
and engineering, technical assistance, economic
recovery strategies, and capitalization or re-capital-
ization of Revolving Loan Funds (RLF), in regions
experiencing severe economic dislocations that
may occur suddenly or over time. EDA utilizes EAA
investments to provide resources that help communi-
ties experiencing or anticipating economic disloca-
tions to plan and implement specific solutions to
leverage their existing regional economic advantages
to support economic development and job creation.
Like Public Works investments, EAA investments
are designed to help communities catalyze public-
private partnerships to foster collaboration, attract
investment, create jobs, and foster economic
resiliency and prosperity. For example, EDA might
provide funding to a university or community college
to create and launch an economic diversification
strategy to promote and enhance the growth of
emerging industries in a region facing job losses
due to declines in regionally important industries. As
another example, EDA might provide funding to a
city to support the construction of a publicly-owned
multitenant business and industrial facility to house
early-stage businesses. In addition, EDA designates
a portion of its EAA funding to support communities
and regions that have been negatively impacted by
changes in the coal economy.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include
communities experiencing economic decline and
distress, including:
(i) District Organization of an EDA-designated
Economic Development District; (ii) Indian tribe or
a consortium of Indian tribes; (iii) state, county, city,
or other political subdivision of a state, including a
special purpose unit of a state or local government
engaged in economic or infrastructure development
activities, or a consortium of political subdivisions;
(iv) institution of higher education or a consortium of
institutions of higher education; or (v) public or private
nonprofit organization or association acting in coopera-
tion with officials of a political subdivision of a state.
Limitations: Individuals and for-profit private entities
are not eligible. An EDA-approved Comprehensive
Economic Development Strategy (CEDS, see below)
is a prerequisite for requesting EDA EAA funding.
Availability: EDA was appropriated $37 million for
the EAA program in FY 2018. (The FY 2018 award
amounts are provided for information and planning
purposes.) EDA accepts applications on a rolling
basis for EAA funding. See the EDA website at
https://www.eda.aov/fundina-opportunities/ for specific
requirements.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Construction and non-construction assistance
(including public works, technical assistance,
economic recovery strategies, and RLF projects) in
regions experiencing severe economic dislocations
that occur suddenly or over time.
CFDA Number: 11.307
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ) Assessment ) Cleanup
Economic Adjustment Assistance to Coal Communi-
ties (ACC)
EDA designates a portion of its EAA funding to
support coal communities and regions that have
been negatively impacted by changes in the coal
16 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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economy. Under this funding, EDA prioritizes projects
and activities that will produce multiple economic and
workforce development outcomes, such as promoting
regional economic growth and diversification, new
job creation, and re-employment opportunities for
displaced coal economy workers; and are specifically
identified under local and regional economic develop-
ment plans that have been collaboratively produced
by diverse local and regional stakeholders. EDA
also supports planning through strategy grants that
develop, update, or refine a CEDS or an equivalent
planning document.
Eligibility requirements: ACC projects should
respond to one or more of the following principles:
collaborative partnerships, economic and workforce
development integration, high-quality jobs and worker
advancement, and multijurisdictional project impact.
Limitations: Individuals and for-profit private entities
are not eligible. An EDA-approved Comprehensive
Economic Development Strategy (CEDS, see below)
is a prerequisite for requesting EDA EAA funding.
Availability: For FY 2018, EDA was appropriated
$30 million in EAA funds for Assistance for Coal
Communities.
CFDA Number: 11.307
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
Planning Program
Under the Planning Program, EDA assists eligible
recipients in creating regional economic develop-
ment plans designed to build capacity and guide
the economic prosperity and resiliency of an area or
region. As part of this program, EDA supports Partner-
ship Planning investments to facilitate the develop-
ment, implementation, revision, or replacement of
Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies
(CEDS), which articulate and prioritize the strategic
economic goals of recipients' respective regions. In
general, EDA provides Partnership Planning grants
to the designated planning organization (e.g., District
Organization) serving EDA-designated Economic
Development Districts to enable these organiza-
tions to develop and implement relevant CEDS. In
addition, EDA provides Partnership Planning grants
to Indian tribes to help develop and implement CEDS
and associated economic development activities. The
Planning program also helps support organizations,
including District Organizations, Indian tribes, and
other eligible recipients, with Short-Term and State
Planning investments designed to guide the eventual
creation and retention of high-quality jobs, particu-
larly for the unemployed and underemployed in the
nation's most economically distressed regions.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include
(i) District Organization of a designated Economic
Development District; (ii) Indian tribe or a consortium
of Indian tribes; (iii) state, county, city, or other
political subdivision of a state, including a special
purpose unit of a state or local government engaged
in economic or infrastructure development activities,
or a consortium of political subdivisions; (iv) institu-
tion of higher education or a consortium of institutions
of higher education; or (v) public or private nonprofit
organization or association acting in cooperation with
officials of a political subdivision of a state.
Limitations: Individuals and for-profit private entities
are not eligible.
Availability: EDA was appropriated $33 million for
the Planning program in FY 2018. (The FY 2018
award amounts are provided for information and
planning purposes.) EDA accepts applications on
a rolling basis for short-term planning. For other
planning activities (i.e., Partnership Planning), please
contact the appropriate EDA regional office. See the
EDA website at https://www.eda.aov/fundina-opportu-
nities/ for specific requirements.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Developing, maintaining, and implementing CEDS
and related short-term planning activities.
¦	Integrating brownfields redevelopment into a CEDS.
CFDA Number: 11.302
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assess menl
Cleanup
edevelopmen
Local Technical Assistance Program
The Local Technical Assistance Program helps
analyze the feasibility of potential economic develop-
ment projects, such as an industrial park or a
high-technology business incubator. Feasibility
studies are an effective tool for determining whether
the market will support a particular activity or site.
Local Technical Assistance can prevent costly
mistakes and misguided investments, such as costly
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 17

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SNAPSHOT - NEW BELGIUM BREWING CO., ASHEVILLE, NC
r
In 2013, EDA awarded a $1.12 million grant to Asheville, North Carolina, to fund infrastructure improve-
ments on a former brownfield site. These transportation improvements and waterline upgrades helped
the New Belgium Brewing Co. establish a brewery, tasting facility, and distribution center for its craft
beers. The project enhances the emerging beverage cluster in western North Carolina and is part of a
project undertaken by Asheville to redevelop a former livestock market and salvage yard. New Belgium
specifically sought a brownfield property for its East Coast expansion "to prevent taking agricultural
land out of production or eliminating natural habitat, to lovingly bring what was once a source of jobs
and industry back into productive use, and to find a location near other amenities, increasing density
and walkability." The infrastructure improvements funded by EDA were completed in 2016. To date, the
project has created 130 jobs and generated over $123 million in private investment.
infrastructure improvements to support obsolete
industries. Targeted market feasibility studies can
help communities overcome these hurdles and
identify tomorrow's higher-wage employers.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include
(i) District Organization of a designated Economic
Development District; (ii) Indian tribe or a consortium
of Indian tribes; (iii) state, county, city, or other
political subdivision of a state, including a special
purpose unit of a state or local government engaged
in economic or infrastructure development activities,
or a consortium of political subdivisions; (iv) institu-
tion of higher education or a consortium of institutions
of higher education; or (v) public or private nonprofit
organization or association acting in cooperation with
officials of a political subdivision of a state.
Limitations: Individuals or for-profit private entities
are not eligible.
Availability: EDA was appropriated $9.5 million to the
Local Technical Assistance Program (which includes
National Technical Assistance) in FY 2018. (The FY
2018 award amounts are provided for information and
planning purposes.) EDA accepts applications on a
rolling basis for local technical assistance. See the
EDA website at https://www.eda.aov/fundina-opportu-
nities/ for specific requirements.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Helping communities inform their economic
development decision-making, including the feasibil-
ity/impact of brownfields-related projects.
CFDA Number: 11.302, 11.303
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
^^~~Assessment ^ Cleanup ^ Redevelopment ^
Regional Innovation Strategies Program
The Regional Innovation Strategies Program supports
EDA's commitment to helping foster innovation-centric
economic sectors that support increased job growth
and global competitiveness through technology
commercialization and entrepreneurship. Funding
is provided through two separate competitions:
the i6 Challenge Grants Competition, and the Seed
Fund Support Grants Competition. These competi-
tions support capacity-building activities that include
proof-of-concept and commercialization assistance to
innovators and entrepreneurs, and operational support
for organizations that provide essential early-stage
funding to startups, building platforms from which they
can best leverage public and private sector infrastruc-
ture investments in broadband and digital connectivity,
transportation, education, and beyond.
The i6 Challenge is a leading national initiative
designed to increase entrepreneurship that is driven
by innovations, ideas, intellectual property (IP), and
applied research through the process of technology
commercialization and that results in new businesses,
accelerated paths to export, increased foreign direct
investment (FDI), and new jobs.
The Seed Fund Support program provides funding
for technical assistance and operational costs, such
as conducting feasibility studies and engaging in
planning activities, which support the formation,
18 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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launch, or scale of cluster-focused seed funds that
invest their capital in innovation-based startups with a
potential for high growth and job creation.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include
states; Indian tribes; cities or other political subdivi-
sions of a state; nonprofit organizations; institutions of
higher education; public-private partnerships; science
or research parks; federal laboratories; economic
development organizations or similar entities that are
supported by a state or a political subdivision of a
state; or a consortium of any of the entities described
above.
Limitations: Individuals are not eligible. At the time
of the application, grant applicants must demonstrate
a matching share of at least 50 percent of the total
project cost from non-federal sources.
Availability: In FY 2018, EDA was appropriated $16
million in i6 Challenge grants. The maximum share
of each grant is $750,000. EDA was appropriated
$5 million under the Seed Fund Support grants. The
maximum share for each Seed Fund Support grant is
$300,000. FY 2018 funding levels are provided only
for information, as they may prove useful for planning
purposes. See the EDA website at https://www.eda.
gov/fundina-opportunities/ for specific requirements.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	i6 Challenge grants: Supporting the creation of
programs that provide assistance to innovators and
entrepreneurs and that increase the commercializa-
tion of innovations, ideas, intellectual property, and
research into viable companies.
¦	Seed Fund Support grants: Providing funding for
technical assistance, feasibility studies, marketing,
and outreach related to the planning, formation,
launch, or expansion of cluster-based seed capital
funds that deploy capital in innovation-based
startups with a potential for high growth.
CFDA Number: 11.020
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Kenneth M. Kukovich
U.S. Economic Development Administration
Room 71018 HCHB
1401 Constitution Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20230 202-482-0806
kkukovich@eda.gov
David R. Ives, AICP
U.S. Economic Development Administration
Room 71030 HCHB
1401 Constitution Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20230
202-482-0529
dives@eda.gov
Bernadette Grafton
U.S. Economic Development Administration
1401 Constitution Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20230
202-482-2917
boraftonl @eda.oov
Main Site
http://www.eda.gov
Assessment
Cleanup ) Redevelopment
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 19

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Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
„Q UTMOST
"iteM-TOf 0
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The Department of Commerce's National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) mission is
science, service, and stewardship. NOAA works to
understand and predict changes in climate, weather,
oceans, and coasts; to share that knowledge and
information with others; and to conserve and manage
coastal and marine ecosystems and resources. As
part of this mission, it works to balance environmental
and economic needs in coastal communities.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Programs that benefit local economies and improve
quality of life in coastal communities by applying
sustainable economic development principles.
¦	Strong partnerships with state coastal zone
management programs that help rebuild community
waterfronts and redevelop brownfields.
¦	Partnerships with local communities and other
agencies to improve quality of life, the environment,
and regional economies.
¦	Local workshops sponsored by NOAA that focus on
brownfields revitalization efforts to help communities
gather input from all parties involved in the revital-
ization process, creating strong partnerships for
more efficient action.
¦	Expertise to improve brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment and expedite decision-making.
¦	Technical assistance to coastal state, territorial, and
local governments for coastal resource protection
and management relating to brownfields.
¦	Use of advanced marine transportation tools and
services to revitalize port areas.
¦	Training, guidance, and decision-making tools for
specific watersheds, ports, and harbors to assist
coastal communities with the assessment, cleanup,
and restoration of contaminated coastal sites,
including brownfields.
RESOURCES
Outreach/Technical Assistance
National Ocean Service's Office of Response and
Restoration
NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS) provides
science-based solutions through collaborative
partnerships to address evolving economic, environ-
mental, and social pressures on our oceans and
coasts. NOS delivers the tools and services needed
to understand and respond to challenges along
95,000 miles of shoreline and 3.5 million square
miles of U.S. coastal, Great Lakes, and deep-ocean
waters. Thousands of brownfields that once were
thriving industrial facilities are located along coastal
waterfronts. With a coastal focus and experience
in solving environmental challenges, several NOS
programs provide resources and technical assistance
to coastal communities that assist with brownfields
cleanup and reuse. The Office of Response and
Restoration (OR&R) provides scientific support to
the U.S. Coast Guard for spills, and coordinates
with other agencies for hazardous material releases
to ensure protection and restoration of its trust
resources. OR&R also coordinates with federal, state,
and tribal natural resource trustees to assess and
restore degraded coastal resources and the services
they provide. Among its specialized skill areas, OR&R
forecasts the movement and behavior of spilled oil
and chemicals, evaluates risk to resources, and
recommends protective cleanup actions.
The OR&R Assessment and Restoration Division
(ARD) also works with co-trustees and EPA at
federal Superfund, state-lead cleanup sites, and
brownfield sites in various roles. ARD provides
technical support in contaminated site assessments,
including contaminated sediment sites; ecological risk
assessment; site remediation; and natural resource
20 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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SNAPSHOT - SOUTH WILMINGTON WETLAND PARK, WILMINGTON, DE
r
In 2009, the City of Wilmington, Delaware, was awarded $200,000 in EPA community-wide brownfields
assessment grant funds to conduct Phase I and Phase II environmental site assessments, cleanup
planning, and reuse planning at several vacant and contaminated parcels within the 27-acre South
Wilmington Wetland Park. This project helped catalyze a decade of action toward the development
of a wetlands park and stormwater management facility that will clean a contaminated brownfield
area, reduce flooding in the Southbridge neighborhood, separate combined sewers, restore aquatic
and wildlife habitat, create pedestrian trails and wetland boardwalks for community recreation and
enjoyment, and create a new open space and environmental education center for the community
In 2018, Wilmington leveraged a nearly $3 million National Coastal Resilience Fund grant from NOAA
and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) to support this South Wilmington Wetland Project.
The $23.9 million project is currently underway and is expected to help buffer the impacts of sea level
rise, reduce urban stormwater runoff, and boost the ecological, economic, and social benefits of the
wetlands.
restoration. Through the NOAA Damage Assessment
Remediation and Restoration Program, natural
resource damage assessments are conducted to
achieve compensation for lost services and restora-
tion of coastal and estuarine habitats. OR&R also
coordinates NOAA's participation in the Urban Waters
Federal Partnership, which is active in several urban
coastal communities, by promoting restoration of
urban waters and coastal resiliency.
Eligibility Requirements: OR&R coordinates with
federal and state trustee agencies.
Limitations: Assistance is limited based on agency
priorities.
Availability: Available to sites that impact trust
resources.
Uses/Applications Include: Projects are selected
based on OR&R's strategic priorities and available
funds.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:


«

Ml Bfc


m


https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/
Office for Coasfal Managemenf
The Office for Coastal Management was established
in 2014 when NOAA combined the Coastal Services
Center and the Office of Ocean and Coastal
Resource Management. The Office for Coastal
Management works closely with the private sector;
nonprofit organizations; the scientific community; and
state, local, and federal governments on a wide range
of issues and initiatives designed to protect coastal
and estuarine resources and communities.
One key component of the Office for Coastal
Management is the Coastal and Estuarine Land
Conservation Program (CELCP). CELCP provides
matching funds to state and local governments to
purchase threatened coastal and estuarine lands or
obtain conservation easements. To be considered, the
land must be important ecologically or possess other
coastal conservation values, such as historic features,
scenic views, or recreational opportunities. Since
2002, CELCP protected more than 100,000 acres.
Many CELCP projects also protect critical habitat for
species under NOAA's jurisdiction under the Coral
Reef Conservation Act, Endangered Species Act, and
Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation Act.
Eligibility Requirements: Coastal states, trust
territories, or commonwealths with approved coastal
zone management programs or National Estuarine
Research Reserves are eligible to participate in the
CELCP. State participation is voluntary, and states
may choose to participate by developing a Coastal and
Estuarine Conservation Plan for approval by NOAA.
Limitations: Projects are selected based on
CELCP's national priorities and availability of funds.
Availability: There will not be an FY 2019 CELCP
Funding Competition. The information provided here
is for informational purposes.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Smart Growth initiatives.
¦	Brownfields information outreach.
https://coast.noaa.gov/
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 21

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Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Michel Gielazyn, Ph.D.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Office of Response and Restoration/Assessment and
Restoration Division
263 13th Ave., S
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
michel.aielazvn@noaa.aov
Simeon Hahn
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Office of Response and Restoration/Assessment and
Restoration Division
1650 Arch St., c/o US EPA (#HS41)
Philadelphia, PA 19103
simeon.hahn@noaa.aov
Main Site
https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/
22 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Defense —
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
ii . i
US Army Corps
of Engineers
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The U.S. Armv Corps of Engineers (USACE) assists
the development and management of the nation's
water resources in an environmentally sustainable,
economic, and technically sound manner. USACE
provides comprehensive planning, design, construc-
tion, engineering management, and technical
support to the Army and to the nation. In addition,
USACE responds to engineering-related brownfields
questions and project inquiries from any community
within the U.S. and its territories for major water
resource-related endeavors.
Brownfields Connections
¦	USACE provides reimbursable technical services
to other federal agencies engaged in brownfields
activities targeted to local governments. Such
services align water resources development and
management efforts with community brownfields
objectives.
¦	USACE assists state and local governments with
the implementation of civil works water resource
projects that emphasize integrated and sustainable
systems-based solutions for ecosystem restoration,
inland and coastal navigation, and flood and storm
damage reduction.
RESOURCES
Outreach/Technical Assistance
Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRi)
USACE is one of ten federal agencies participating in
an agreement with EPA to support projects to restore,
protect, and maintain the Great Lakes ecosystem.
USACE utilizes grant funds through the Great Lakes
Restoration Initiative (GLRI) program to plan, design,
and construct restoration projects in collaboration
with states and other non-federal partners. With the
first three years of GLRI funds, the USACE started
or completed construction of 20 restoration projects
in four of the five GLRI focus areas. GLRI funds
An interagency task force of ten federal agencies
coordinates GLRI activities. The partner federal
agencies determine program and project priorities,
and fund restoration projects. EPA is chair of the
GLRI. https://www.alri.us/partners
received by USACE have supported 2,800 jobs in
the construction, engineering, and design and other
professional services.
The USACE has a handful of regional programs
specifically for the Great Lakes that are being used
extensively by the GLRI. The Great Lakes Fishery
& Ecosystem Restoration (GLFER) program is used
to plan, design, and construct projects to restore
wetlands, fishery passages around dams, and
controls for sea lamprey and other aquatic nuisance
species. The Great Lakes Remedial Action Plan
program helps states and local partners plan and
design actions to clean up and delist areas of concern
(AOCs). The Great Lakes Tributary Model program
is being used to develop computer models that state
and local agencies use to evaluate and compare
alternatives for soil conservation and nonpoint source
pollution prevention.
Eligibility Requirements: State and local
government agencies, tribal communities, nonprofit
organizations, and academic partners within the
Great Lakes Basin of Minnesota, Wisconsin,
Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and
New York are eligible for funding.
Limitations: Only non-construction activities are
eligible, and projects must take place only on
non-federal lands.
Availability: Funding depends upon annual congres-
sional appropriations.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Reduction of runoff from degraded sites through
green infrastructure using trees and other
vegetation.
¦	Enhancement of coastal wetland filtration through
planting native trees and diverse vegetation.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 23

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¦	Restoration of urban tree canopy lost to infestation
by emerald ash borer.
¦	Restoration and protection of habitats along the
shorelines of the Great Lakes.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ) Assessment ) Cleanup
Planning Assistance to States [WRDA Section 22)
Section 22 of the Water Resources Development Act
(WRDA) of 1974, as amended, provides authority
for USACE to assist the states, local governments,
Native American tribes, and other non-federal entities
in the preparation of comprehensive plans for the
development and conservation of water and related
land resources. Under Section 22, USACE provides
technical assistance to states to support preparation
of comprehensive water and related land resources
development plans, including watershed and
ecosystem planning. USACE assists in conducting
individual studies supporting the state plan. USACE
assists on the basis of state requests and the
availability of USACE expertise rather than through
congressional authorization procedures. Section
22 cannot be used to supplement other ongoing or
pending USACE efforts, or to offset required state
contributions to federal grant programs.
Eligibility Requirements: There is general authority
for USACE to cooperate with states, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam,
American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, and federally recognized Indian tribes.
Limitations: The Planning Assistance to States
program is funded annually by Congress. Federal
allotments for each state or tribe from the nationwide
appropriation are limited to $2 million annually, but
typically are much less. Individual studies, of which
there may be more than one per state or tribe per
year, require a cost share, so that funding is 50
percent federal/50 percent non-federal. The sponsor
has the option of providing its required 50 percent of
study costs as cash or through work-in-kind.
Availability: The availability of planning assistance
depends on annual congressional appropriations to
Centers of Expertise (CXj
USACE Centers of Expertise, whose special-
ized capabilities can be helpful in solving specific
brownfields challenges, include the Mandatory Center
of Expertise for the Curation and Management of
Archaeological Collections, Center of Expertise
for Photogrammetric Mapping, Technical Center of
Expertise for the Preservation of Historic Buildings
and Structures, Environmental and Munitions Center
of Expertise (EMCX), and the Rapid Response
Center of Expertise. Assistance from these centers is
generally available on a reimbursable basis.
Mandatory Center of Expertise (MCX) for the
Curation and Management of Archaeological
Collections (CMAC)
The Mandatory Center of Expertise (MCX) for
the Curation and Management of Archaeological
Collections (CMAC) is a group of skilled profession-
als established by USACE and located at the
St. Louis District (CEMVS), MO. MCX-CMAC
maintains state-of-the-art technical expertise in the
curation of archaeological collections, collections
management (including historic properties database
and website development), special purpose designs
and construction requirements of curation facilities,
mass graves investigations, mass disaster fatalities
recovery (in support of FEMA), forensic support to
U.S. government agencies, and archival/historic
cartographic investigations to assist military and
intelligence agencies. MCX-CMAC provides USACE
Headquarters and USACE Commands with program
guidance, technology transfer, and interagency
coordination for the curation of archaeologi-
cal collections. MCX-CMAC manages all USACE
curation-needs assessments and design services
for the curation of archaeological collections. When
MCX-CMAC staff and services are available, CEMVS
will, on a reimbursable basis, assist other Major Army
Commands (MACOMs), Department of Defense
(DoD) services and agencies, and other federal,
state, and local government agencies.
Center of Expertise (CXj for Photogrammetric
Mapping
CEMVS is the Center of Expertise (CX) for
Photogrammetric Mapping in USACE's Directory
of Expertise. The mission of the CX is to provide
rapid response, full-service photogrammetric
mapping support and maintain technical capability
and proficiency in all aspects of photogrammetry,
including:
the program.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
24 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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¦	Project planning and specialization.
¦	Photogrammetric map compilation.
¦	Architect-engineer contracting.
¦	Geographic Information Systems (GIS) development.
¦	Photo interpretation.
Technical Center of Expertise for the Preservation of
Historic Buildings and Structures
The Technical Center of Expertise (TCX) for the
Preservation of Historic Buildings and Structures
serves the USACE community, federal agencies, and
DoD facilities that need assistance for treating and
managing historic structures. As a center for best
practices, the program offers technical excellence
and outstanding staffing credentials to guide resource
personnel and property managers in their work on a
wide range of historic properties, including buildings,
objects, vessels, landscapes, and civil works projects.
Housed within the Environmental and Cultural
Resources Branch, the TCX works collaboratively
with the Cultural Resources Section.
The center also provides liaison assistance between
the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the
National Park Service, and other various preserva-
tion organizations, along with state and local
governments.
Environmental and Munitions Center of Expertise
In 1990, USACE Headquarters established the
Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville, AL, at
the Ordnance and Explosives Center of Expertise
and Design Center. In 2007, the Environmental
and Munitions Center of Expertise (EMCX) was
established by merging the former OE CX (also called
the Military Munitions CX) and the Hazardous, Toxic
and Radioactive Waste Center of Expertise (HTRW
CX). The former MM CX is now the Military Munitions
Division of the EMCX. The EMCX assists USACE
organizational elements in performing their activities
and maintaining state-of-the-art technical expertise
for all aspects of response activities. The EMCX does
not execute response actions for programs or projects
but assists USACE at all levels in their performance.
The EMCX supports the USACE Military Munitions
Response Program (MMRP) and other munitions-
related operations in reducing the human health and
environmental risks associated with munitions and
explosives of concern (MEC) and munitions constitu-
ents (MC). It maintains state-of-the-art technical
expertise for all aspects of environmental remediation
and munitions response activities. It also manages
and provides oversight of the USACE Formerly
Used Defense Sites (FUDS) MMRP Site Inspection
Program.
EMCX provides remediation services for properties
contaminated with hazardous waste, radioactive
materials, and ordnance in compliance with federal,
state, and local laws and regulations. The center's
projects strive for sustainability while meeting current
and future land and water use needs, safeguarding
human health and safety, improving quality of life, and
enhancing the natural environment. USACE supports
military and civil agencies nationwide in environmen-
tal and munitions responses.
Rapid Response Center of Expertise
The Rapid Response Center of Expertise (RRCX)
provides quick-response environmental services.
RRCX can provide the following special functions:
¦	Time-critical remediation/removal project execution.
¦	Rapid response site "startup" and transition to
traditional District for final execution.
¦	USACE Headquarters "Tiger Team" support.
¦	Cost-reimbursable contract management training.
¦	Cost-reimbursable contract oversight assistance.
¦	Site support to USACE teams.
¦	Site support to other federal agencies.
Eligibility Requirements: There is general authority
for USACE to cooperate with states, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam,
American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, and federally recognized Indian
tribes.
Limitations: Reimbursable support from USACE is
not available to private entities.
Availability: Priority is given to requests for support
of projects that have national significance.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Preservation of historic buildings and structures.
¦	Rapid response to hazardous, toxic, and radioactive
waste incidents.
¦	Coordination of acid mine drainage cleanup with
other infrastructure issues (e.g., wastewater
systems).
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 25

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SNAPSHOT - HUB SITE, MERIDEN, CT
r
In a unique partnership with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Department of Transporta-
tion, and the U.S. Department of Housing and UrPan Development, the City of Meriden, Connecti-
cut, transformed an aPandoned shopping mall complex, the HUB site, into a 14-acre urPan greens-
pace with walking trails, an amphitheater, a daylighted stream, and a farmers market. The site was a
Prownfield due to prior industrial and commercial uses. The mall closed after severe flooding occurred
in the 1990s and the city acquired the site through condemnation. Meriden used $480,000 in EPA
Prownfields assessment and cleanup grants for environmental remediation. The state provided $14.9
million for demolition, site design, and construction. The daylighting of HarPor Brook that runs through the
property was an important aspect of the project, and a key part of the city's flood control efforts. The city
partnered with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to achieve these flood control goals, using funding from
the Corps and congressionally earmarked funds ($144,300) directly from the EPA Clean Water Fund.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Reimbursable Support
USACE may perform technical oversight and
management of engineering, environmental, and
construction contracts, including technical assistance
for brownfields-related activities, non-Department of
Defense federal agencies, and states on a reimburs-
able basis. The work is fully funded by the partner
(e.g., local government).
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Technical and project management capabilities for
water- and land-related natural resources activities.
¦	Engineering, facility design, construction
management, and other technical services.
¦	Environmental restoration.
¦	Contaminated sediment removal.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
John Busse
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Attn: CEMP-CEP 441 G St., NW
Washington, DC 20314
202-761-5530
iohn.busse@usace.armv.mil
Main Site
https://www.usace.armv.mil/
26 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Energy
w
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
is to advance the national, economic, and energy
security of the United States; to promote scientific and
technological innovation in support of that mission;
and to ensure the environmental cleanup of the
national nuclear weapons complex. DOE continues
to be caretaker and manager of the U.S. facilities that
manufactured nuclear weapons and the property on
which the weapons are located.
Brownfields Connections
DOE supports brownfields reuse by providing
technical assistance in the fields of energy use and
environmental remediation and in the Los Alamos
National Laboratory (LANL) Sustainable Design
Guide.
¦	Technical assistance in the field of environmental
cleanup and stabilization.
¦	Financial assistance to transfer property for a public
purpose.
¦	Green Energy Parks at DOE facilities.
¦	Evaluations of brownfields as sites for renewable
energy technologies.
DOE's Office of Legacy Management (LM) continues
to take significant steps to ensure that DOE's environ-
mental and human legacy responsibilities are properly
managed for current and future generations. LM
accomplishes this mission by:
¦	Protecting human health and the environment
through effective and efficient long-term surveillance
and maintenance.
¦	Preserving and protecting legacy records and
information, and effectively communicating with the
public.
¦	Sustaining the continuity of workers' pension and
medical benefits.
¦	Managing legacy land and assets and emphasizing
safety, reuse, and disposition.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy (EERE) works with business, industry,
universities, national laboratories, and others to
increase the use of renewable energy and energy
efficiency technologies. One way EERE encourages
the growth of these technologies is by offering
financial assistance opportunities for their research
and development. EERE evaluates projects that may
include brownfields as proposed sites for renewable
energy technologies.
Eligibility Requirements: Financial assistance is
available for businesses, industries, universities, and
others.
Availability: Competitive grants are the most
common type of financial assistance awarded by
EERE. Cooperative agreements also are awarded on
a competitive basis. As is the case with most federal
government funding, funding for EERE financial
assistance awards is authorized by an appropriation
approved by Congress. Congress determines the
overall budget for DOE activities, and this amount
determines how much money will be available for
EERE financial assistance awards.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Renewable energy and energy efficiency research
and development.
¦	Transfer of money, property, or services.
https://www.enerav.aov/eere/office-enerav-efficiencv-
renewable-enerav
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ) Assessment ) Cleanup
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 27

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Informational Assistance
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
is EERE's principal research laboratory and the
nation's primary laboratory for renewable energy
and energy efficiency research and development.
Its mission and strategy are focused on advancing
DOE's and the nation's energy goals. NREL's
research and development capabilities advance
national energy goals by developing innovations to
change the way we power homes and businesses,
and fuel cars.
As part of EPA's RE-Powering America's Land
Initiative, EPA and NREL have collaborated since
2008 to evaluate the feasibility of siting renewable
energy production on formerly or presently environ-
mentally contaminated sites. The effort paired
EPA's expertise on contaminated lands with NREL's
expertise in renewable energy. The feasibility studies
provide site owners and communities with a realistic
and achievable plan for putting renewable energy
on a given site. Since the RE-Powering Initiative's
inception, 274 renewable energy installations on 261
contaminated lands, landfills, and mine sites have
been established.
NREL: https://www.nrel.gov/
RE-Powering America's Lands website: https://www.
epa.aov/re-powerina
Office of Environmental Management
The mission of the Office of Environmental
Management (EM) is to complete the safe cleanup
of the environmental legacy brought about from
five decades of nuclear weapons development and
government-sponsored nuclear energy research.
The Cold War left a legacy of 1.5 million cubic meters
of solid waste, 88 million gallons of highly radioac-
tive liquid waste, 2,400 metric tons of used nuclear
fuel, special nuclear material, more than 100 square
miles of contaminated soil and groundwater, and
thousands of excess nuclear facilities. The EM
program is making significant progress in treating and
disposing of the waste, stabilizing the nuclear fuel
and materials, and remediating the soil, groundwa-
ter, and facilities. EM continues this cleanup mission
with a focus on constructing and operating complex
treatment facilities to solidify the liquid waste into a
safer form for ultimate disposal. EM's work has taken
place in 35 states and on properties that cover two
million acres.
In partnership with community reuse organizations
and others interested in establishing energy parks,
EM transfers properties for commercial ^industri-
alization, notably in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. These
reuse efforts are part of the broader Asset Revitaliza-
tion Initiative to leverage assets and create opportu-
nities to enable local development and economic
diversification. Projects are dependent on what the
community wants, what suits the land and climate,
and what can be offered by DOE. DOE supports
the partnership through technology and technical
assistance for remediation and property reuse efforts.
Limitations: EM program activities are focused
on contaminated nuclear weapons production and
nuclear energy research testing sites across the
United States.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Reducing risk and environmental liability at nuclear
production and nuclear energy research sites.
¦	Constructing and operating facilities to treat radioac-
tive liquid tank waste.
¦	Securing and storing nuclear materials in a stable,
safe configuration in secure locations to protect
national security.
¦	Transporting and disposing of transuranic and
low-level wastes in a safe and cost-effective
manner.
¦	Cleaning up soil and groundwater at EM sites.
¦	Facilitating revitalization projects at DOE facilities.
https://www.enerov.gov/em/office-environmental-
management
Asset Revitalization Initiative
The Asset Revitalization Initiative (ARI) is a DOE-wide
effort to advance the beneficial reuse of its unique
and diverse mix of assets, including land, facilities,
infrastructure, equipment, technologies, natural
resources, and a highly skilled workforce. By 2020,
DOE plans to conduct the following activities at each
of the field sites in the DOE Complex:
¦	Conduct operations sustainably, incorporating clean
energy technologies wherever possible.
¦	Develop modern, adaptable, and efficient site
infrastructures, and closely coordinate multiagency
efforts at the sites.
¦	Promote public-private partnerships and commercial
opportunities.
28 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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SNAPSHOT - LAS COLONIAS PARK, GRAND JUNCTION, CO
r
The 130-acre Las Colonias Park within the Greater Downtown Plan for the River District in Grand Junction,
Colorado, is an example of beneficial reuse under DOE's LM program. Grand Junction's Downtown Plan
identifies the River District as a critical community area connecting the riverfront to several underserved
neighborhoods. The area was used for operation of a uranium mill from 1950 to 1970. The mill site
has since been cleaned up by DOE and was turned over to the City of Grand Junction by the State of
Colorado in 1997 for public use. A park was planned but the project was delayed several times due to
lack of funding. Remarkably, despite several delays and the development of two new master plans (in
2008 and again in 2013) the original goal of the park remained the same: providing a space for the
passive experience of nature through the creation of amenities that enhance the community without
endangering the environment. The city's plan for the land includes revitalizing a neglected riverfront
area with a native arboretum, trail connections, riparian restoration, shelters, wetlands, parking, a boat
launch, and an outdoor amphitheater. The ambitious plan for the park will restore and enhance the
banks of the Colorado River, celebrate the history of the area, and help revitalize the local economy.
¦	Engage local communities and stakeholders in the
development and asset revitalization process.
Although the initiative was launched in 2011, several
sites in the DOE Complex already were working
toward achieving some of the initiative's goals. For
example, over the last several years, DOE's Oak
Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, which
has over 1,300 acres of clean land that is ready for
beneficial reuse, executed over 90 leases with private
businesses, transferred 19 properties, and leased
330 acres of DOE-owned property. By transferring
responsibility for facility demolition and maintenance
to private businesses, Oak Ridge realized millions of
dollars in savings, thereby demonstrating the benefits
of ARI.
Office of Legacy Managemenf
The mission of the Office of Legacy Management
(LM) is to fulfill DOE's post-closure responsibilities
and ensure the future protection of human health
and the environment. LM has control and custody of
legacy land, structures, and facilities, and is responsi-
ble for maintaining them at levels consistent with
DOE's long-term plans. The goals of LM are to:
¦	Protect human health and the environment.
¦	Preserve, protect, and share legacy records and
information.
¦	Meet commitments to the contractor workforce.
¦	Optimize the use of land assets.
¦	Sustain management excellence.
¦	Engage the public, governments, and interested
parties.
DOE activities and those of its predecessor agencies
left a legacy of environmental contamination that can
impact human health and the environment. LM was
formally established in 2003 to manage long-term
surveillance and maintenance (LTS&M) activities at
sites where cleanup has occurred and contamination
is controlled to ensure the future protection of human
health and the environment.
LM currently conducts routine LTS&M activities at 94
sites and will continue to receive sites as they are
closed. LM expects to be responsible for 103 sites
by 2020. As LM conducts LTS&M activities for these
sites, there is a focus on beneficial reuse of the land
and assets. Some LM sites have multiple properties.
LM's Beneficial Reuse Program tracks reuse opportu-
nities for these properties (both LM-owned and
non-LM-owned). LM currently has 29 LM-owned
sites and a total of 45 properties available for reuse.
Activities that take place at LTS&M sites are grouped
into seven categories: disposal; renewable energy;
agriculture; commercial and industrial; community;
conservation; and cultural resources. The Beneficial
Reuse Program supports and implements multiuse
scenarios while keeping with the vision of the
surrounding communities and each site's attributes.
Los Alamos Nafional Laborafory
The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is
a premier national security research institution,
delivering scientific and engineering solutions for the
nation's most crucial and complex problems. Its work
also advances earth and environmental sciences.
LANL produced the LANL Sustainable Design Guide
that recommends selecting properties with opportu-
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 29

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nities for minimal environmental impacts, including
brownfields, for development.
https://www.lanl.aov/oras/ena/enastandards/esm/
architectural/Sustainable, pdf
Support for Environmental Justice Communities
DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration, LM,
and EM's Dr. Samuel P. Massie Chairs of Excellence
Program formerly provided technical and grant-writing
assistance to environmental justice communi-
ties located near DOE sites. These organizations
assist in developing brownfields strategies, drafting
initial concepts, writing portions of proposals, and
conducting research to support project needs.
The Massie Chairs support is now conducted at
Tennessee State University as part of the DOE
Environmental Justice Program.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Melinda Downing
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Legacy Management
1000 Independence Ave., SW
Room 6G-041
Washington, DC 20585
202-586-7703
melinda.downina@ha.doe.aov
Main Site
https://www.enerav.aov/
30 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Health and	ATSDR
Human Services — Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES
AND DISEASE REGISTRY
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The Aaencv for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) is directed by congressional
mandate to perform specific functions concerning the
effect on public health of hazardous substances in the
environment. These functions include public health
assessments of waste sites, health consultations
concerning specific hazardous substances, health
surveillance and registries, response to emergency
releases of hazardous substances, applied research
in support of public health assessments, information
development and dissemination, and education and
training concerning hazardous substances.
Brownfields Connections
The 2002 Brownfields Amendments to the
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) provide
a public health focus on the impacts of brownfields,
particularly in disadvantaged communities and among
sensitive populations. One facet of this public health
focus urges local governments to monitor the health
of populations exposed to hazardous substances
from brownfields and to enforce institutional controls
that prevent human exposure to those substances.
ATSDR Land Reuse Health Program
ATSDR's mission is to serve the public through
responsive public health actions to promote healthy
and safe environments, and prevent harmful
exposures to environmental contaminants. Sites such
as brownfield and land reuse sites may be the source
of potentially harmful exposures because of contami-
nation from previous property uses. Addressing public
health concerns and issues related to the restoration
of contaminated properties is essential.
Community health considerations are important parts
of ATSDR's land revitalization activities. Through
its Land Reuse Health Program, ATSDR conducts
activities that:
¦	Promote a well-rounded approach to redevelopment.
¦	Include health as an important part of redevelopment.
¦	Grow community resources to promote health.
¦	Measure changes in community health.
¦	Encourage early community involvement in
decision-making.
¦	Restore and revitalize communities in a way that is
fair to all community groups.
¦	Promote relationships among agencies, partners,
and communities.
¦	Improve ways to talk about health and environmen-
tal risks.
RESOURCES
ATSDR provides technical assistance to identify and
evaluate environmental health issues associated with
brownfield land reuse sites. These resources enable
state and local health departments to further investi-
gate environmental health concerns and educate
communities.
Outreach/Technical Assistance
Review and Assess Environmental Sampling Data
ATSDR has developed the public health assessment
process to evaluate the public health implications of
exposures to environmental contamination. The public
health assessment process serves as a mechanism
for identifying appropriate public health actions for
particular communities. The process may be triggered
by a site's listing on the National Priorities List or
a specific request (or petition) from a community
member or another government agency. The purpose
of the process is to find out whether people have
been, are being, or may be exposed to hazardous
substances and, if so, whether that exposure is
harmful, or potentially harmful, and should therefore
be stopped or reduced. The process also serves as
a mechanism through which the agency responds
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 31

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to specific community health concerns related to
hazardous waste sites.
https://www.atsdr.cdc.aov/hac/PHAManual/toc.html
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Health Checks
As part of its land renewal activities, ATSDR promotes
many health checks so that people can have healthier
neighborhoods and workplaces. Some of these health
checks may include:
¦	Explaining data about chemicals present in the
human body and the environment.
¦	Helping community members learn more about
health risks in their area.
¦	Checking to find out if there are health issues that
can be addressed through changes in land use.
¦	Measuring health factors to find out if land reuse
projects improve the local community's health and
well-being.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
BROWN Community Partnerships Project
ATSDR's Brownfields & Reuse Opportunity Working
Network (BROWN) has a wide range of expertise that
can help communities shape redevelopment plans to
include community health improvements. Basically,
the Community Partnerships concept is a conversa-
tional brainstorm. The ATSDR Land Reuse Team or
individual BROWN members can share among the
entire BROWN network an overview of a community
that is seeking some assistance to create a revitaliza-
tion vision. Additional BROWN members can provide
a rapid "blitz" opinion, based on their expertise,
of projects that can be implemented to help the
community move toward this vision.
https://www.atsdr.cdc.aov/sites/brownfields/partner-
ships proiect.html
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
ATSDR Brownfields/Land Reuse Action Model
The ATSDR Brownfields/Land Reuse Action
Model (Action Model) is an interactive online toolkit
that helps the diverse members of the develop-
ment community - officials, developers, community
advocates, residents, and brownfields profession-
als - find ways to make health part of the renewal
process. Communities can use the Action Model to
identify common goals and incorporate these goals in
strategic planning.
The Action Model consists of four steps that involve
key questions to assist with planning:
Step 1: What are the issues in the community?
Step 2: How can development address these issues?
Step 3: What are the corresponding community health
benefits?
Step 4: What data are needed to measure change?
https://www.atsdr.cdc.aov/sites/brownfields/model.html
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment
Cleanup ) Redevelopmenl
Land Reuse Toolkits (Healthfields Toolkits)
ATSDR's Land Reuse and Redevelopment Toolkits
are resources for people to engage in land reuse and
redevelopment projects that can reduce environmental
exposures and improve community health.
The toolkits follow ATSDR's comprehensive 5-Step
Land Reuse Strategy to Safely Reuse Land and
Improve Health (5-Step Land Reuse Model):
1.	Engaging with Your Community
2.	Evaluating Environmental and Health Risks
3.	Communicating Environmental and Health Risks
4.	Redesigning with Health in Mind
5.	Measuring Success: Evaluating Environmental and
Health Change
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/brownfields/land
reuse toolkits.html
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Assessment
Cleai
nup
Cleanup
32 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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SNAPSHOT - JOPLIN, MO
r
On May 22, 2011, a tornado altered the Joplin, Missouri, landscape along a nearly % to one-mile
wide and six-mile long path. The storm impacted aPout 8,000 structures including homes, Pusinesses,
schools, churches, and a hospital. PuPlic infrastructure, such as utilities and storm sewers, and the natural
environment also were affected. The tornado's path included a two-mile corridor, along East 20th Street
Petween South Main Street and South Highview Avenue, with nearly all development, infrastructure, and
environmental elements damaged or destroyed. ATSDR's Brownfields/Land Reuse Action Model was
used to characterize existing conditions and highlight community revitalization efforts in the 20th Street
Corridor, especially as they relate to human health. The City of Joplin, state and private initiatives, as well
as federal agencies worked together to improve Joplin's infrastructure, environment, and its economy.
They used the ATSDR Brownfields/Land Reuse Action Model to organize these efforts into one framework
that incorporates health themes and enaPles planning, avoids duplication of effort, and provides
dataset access. In addition, during community meetings in June 2013, 135 community memPers partic-
ipated in a voluntary health engagement activity that linked design characteristics to health. Partici-
pants provided their three top choices from a list of healthy community design ideas. This project is an
example of the opportunities availaPle through ATSDR's Brownfields/Land Reuse Health Program to turn
Prownfield sites into economically sustainaPle, safe, and healthy places for everyone to enjoy.
Community Health and Site Inventory Tools
ATSDR offers the following tools to help local officials
with land reuse decisions and to help them provide
timely responses:
ATSDR Brownfields/Land Reuse Site Tool is a
customizable, searchable site inventory, and rapid
site screening tool. Analytical sampling data are
rapidly screened by the tool to highlight chemicals
above comparison values used by ATSDR. This leads
to a rapid assessment for site prioritization.
https://www.atsdr.cdc.aov/sites/brownfields/site
inventorv.html
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
B Cleanup ) Redevelopment :
Comparison Value Viewer is a computer program that
quickly displays comparison values used by ATSDR
for all media and selects the most sensitive value for
use in site prioritization work.
https://www.atsdr.cdc.aov/sites/brownfields/CVViewer.
html
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Laurel Berman, PhD, Environmental Health
Scientist
ATSDR Division of Community Health Investigation
77 West Jackson Blvd., Room 433
M/S ATSD-4J
Chicago, IL 60604
312-886-7476
laberman@cdc.aov
K. Leann Bing, Regional Representative
ATSDR Region 4
61 Forsyth St., SW, Suite 16T50
(9th Floor Mail Only)
Atlanta, GA 30303
404-562-1784
kbing@cdc.gov
Captain Gary D. Perlman, Regional Representative
ATSDR Region 1
5 Post Office Square, Suite 1010
MC ATSDR 10-1
Boston, MA 02109-3921
617-918-1492
gap6@cdc.gov
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Steven L. Jones, Office Director
ATSDR Liaison Office to EPA Headquarters
Division of Community Health Investigation
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Ariel Rios Building, MC 5202P
Washington, DC 20460
703-603-8729
sxi6@cdc.aov
Christopher Reh, PhD, Division Director
ATSDR Division of Community Health Investigation
Mailstop F59
4770 Buford Hwy, NE
Atlanta, GA 30341
770-488-3739
iaa4@cdc.aov
ATSDR Brownfield/Land Reuse Health Program
atsdr.landreuse@cdc.gov
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/brownfields/index.html
Main Site
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/
34 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Health and Human IJfTVjX
Services — National Institute of ¦¦¦'
Environmental Health Sciences
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The mission of the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences (NIEHS) is to discover how the environ-
ment affects people to promote healthier lives. NIEHS's
vision is to provide global leadership for innovative
research that improves public health by preventing
disease and disability. NIEHS contributes to scientific
knowledge of human health and the environment and to
the health and well-being of people everywhere.
NIEHS's Worker Training Program (WTP) awards
grants to train workers engaged in activities related
to hazardous materials and waste generation,
removal, containment, transportation, and emergency
response. The Environmental Career Worker Training
Program (ECWTP), formerly the Minority Worker
Training Program (MWTP), focuses on delivering
comprehensive training to increase the number of
disadvantaged and underrepresented workers in
areas such as environmental restoration, construc-
tion, hazardous materials/waste handling, and
emergency response. Since 1995, the ECWTP
has provided pre-employment and health and
safety training to approximately 12,000 people from
underserved communities nationwide.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Conducts the ECWTP by assisting communities in
developing a more comprehensive training program
to foster economic and environmental restoration of
brownfields.
¦	Conducts the ECWTP to increase the recruit-
ment and training of underrepresented workers
who are unemployed or underemployed in the
fields of hazardous waste remediation, emergency
response, construction, and green jobs. Individuals
living near hazardous waste sites or in a community
at risk of exposure to contaminated properties are
targeted, with the specific focus on training them
to be safe while working in the environmental and
construction fields to clean up their communities.
¦	Conducts a hazardous waste worker training
program for training and educating workers engaged
in activities related to hazardous waste removal,
containment, and chemical emergency response.
¦	Provides grants to small businesses under Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) E-Learning
for HAZMAT program to develop computer-based
training products aimed at improving the health
and safety training of hazardous materials workers,
emergency responders, and skilled support
personnel.
¦	In coordination with EPA, conducts the Superfund
Research Program (SRP)—a network of university
grants that are designed to seek solutions
to complex health and environmental issues
associated with the nation's hazardous waste sites.
RESOURCES
Outreach/Technical Assistance
NIEHS Worker Training Program
The NIEHS Worker Training Program trains workers
engaged in activities related to hazardous materials
and waste generation, removal, containment, transpor-
tation, and emergency response. WTP provides
cooperative agreements to labor-based health and
safety organizations, academic institutions, and other
nonprofit organizations, so they can deliver training
to a variety of workers who may face hazardous work
environments, such as environmental cleanup workers,
law enforcement officers, first responders, health care
employees, industrial or construction workers, and
transportation or rail workers. Currently, WTP has six
major training programs: Hazardous Waste Worker
Training, Environmental Career Worker Training,
HAZMAT Disaster Preparedness Training, SBIR
E-Learning for HAZMAT, NIEHS/DOE Nuclear Worker
Training, and Ebola Biosafety and Infectious Disease
Response Training programs.
A list of organizations funded through July/August
2020 can be found at:
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 35

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https://www.niehs.nih.aov/careers/hazmat/awardees/
index, cfm
Hazardous Waste Worker Training Program
The Hazardous Waste Worker Training Program
(HWWTP) is the core component of the NIEHS Worker
Training Program (WTP). The HWWTP, through its
awardees, provides model occupational safety and
health training for workers who are or may be engaged
in activities related to hazardous waste removal or
containment, or chemical emergency response. Target
populations for this training include those covered by
requirements of the federal Occupational Health and
Safety Administration (OSHA) (CFR, Title 29, Part
1910) and EPA (CFR, Title 40, Part 311) standards
for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response, regulations governing the NIEHS Hazardous
Waste Worker Training Program (CFR, Title 42,
Part 65. Since 1987, the HWWTP has developed a
strong network of nonprofit organizations that deliver
a high-quality, peer-reviewed safety and health
curriculum to hazardous waste workers and emergency
responders in every region of the country. These
courses established national benchmarks for quality
worker safety and health training, including a strong
emphasis on peer instructors and hands-on instruction.
More than 3.2 million workers across the United States
received WTP-supported safety and health training.
Eligibility Requirements: The following organiza-
tions and institutions are eligible to apply: public/
state-controlled institutions of higher education; private
institutions of higher education; Hispanic-serving
institutions; historically black colleges and universi-
ties; tribally controlled colleges and universities; Alaska
Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions; Asian
American/Native American/Pacific Islander-serving
institutions; and nonprofits with 501(c)(3) IRS status
(other than institutions of higher education).
Limitations: A request for applications is released
every five years for a five-year funding period. The
current grant cycle is 2015-2020, which already has
been funded.
Availability: In 2016, 18 organizations received
funding. The total funding allocated was approxi-
mately $20.6 million. The next request for applications
will take place in 2019.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Train and educate workers engaged in activities
related to hazardous waste removal, containment,
and emergency response.
¦ Conduct special training for workers who may be
exposed to unique or special hazards.
https://www.niehs.nih.aov/careers/hazmat/about wetp/
hwwt/index.cfm
CFDA Number: 93.142
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
^^Redevelopment ^
Environmental Career Worker Training Program
The Environmental Career Worker Training Program
(ECWTP) seeks to address the needs of vulnerable
and disadvantaged communities by increasing the
emphasis of the training to promote a sustainable
environmental career path for workers in the fields
of hazardous materials handling, waste, construc-
tion, and other emerging industries. The ECWTP
focuses on delivering comprehensive training to
increase the number of disadvantaged and underrep-
resented minority workers in many areas, such as
basic construction and hazardous waste abatement,
and safety and health training. Additionally, trainees
receive job readiness training, life skills instruction,
counseling, and courses on obtaining a General
Equivalency Diploma (GED).
These training programs promote long-lasting and
effective partnerships in minority and underserved
communities that help reinforce occupational health
and worker education, and mitigate health disparities
at the community level. The different programs provide
pre-employment job training, including literacy, life
skills, environmental preparation, green jobs, and other
related courses; construction skills training; environ-
mental worker training, including hazardous waste,
and asbestos and lead abatement training; and safety
and health training. Training also includes enrollment in
apprenticeship programs for construction and environ-
mental remediation worker training. Particular focus is
placed on establishing a program of mentoring. This
program helps to enhance the participants' problem-
solving skills, understanding of individual self-esteem,
and teamwork in the application of technical knowledge
to environmental and related problems.
The ECWTP promotes partnerships or subagree-
ments with academic and other institutions, with a
particular focus on minority-serving institutions, and
public schools; and community-based organiza-
tions located in or near the impacted area to provide
pre-math, science, or other related education to
36 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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program participants prior to or concurrent with entry
into the training program. Through 2018, ECWTP
has trained approximately 12,000 individuals, with an
outstanding job placement rate of 70 percent.
Eligibility Requirements: The following organiza-
tions and institutions are eligible: public/state-controlled
institutions of higher education; private institutions of
higher education; Hispanic-serving institutions; histori-
cally black colleges and universities; tribally controlled
colleges and universities; Alaska Native and Native
Hawaiian-serving institutions; Asian American/Native
American/Pacific Islander-serving institutions; and
nonprofits with 501(c)(3) IRS status (other than institu-
tions of higher education).
Availability: NIEHS appropriates $3.5 million into
the program annually. A request for applications is
released every five years for a five-year funding
period. The current grant cycle is 2015-2020, and
already has been funded. The next competition will
begin in 2019.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Recruitment of disadvantaged and underserved
residents who are unemployed or underemployed
and who live in urban areas near hazardous waste
sites or in communities at risk of exposure to
contaminated properties, for work in the environ-
mental field.
¦	Pre-employment job training, including literacy, life
skills, environmental preparation, green jobs, and
other related courses for construction skills training.
¦	Safety and health training in areas such as
hazardous waste remediation, and asbestos and
lead abatement.
https://www.niehs.nih.aov/careers/hazmat/about wetp/
ecwtp/index.cfm
CFDA Number: 93.142
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Redevelopmer
HAZMAT Disaster Preparedness Training Program
NIEHS developed a HAZMAT Disaster Prepared-
ness Training Program (HDPTP) in response to
the experiences and lessons learned in recent
national disasters, including terrorist attacks. This
program enhances the safety and health training of
current hazardous materials workers and chemical
responders to create materials and deliver training to
workers responding to a disaster. HDPTP, through its
Emergency Support Activation Plan, aims to augment
prevention and preparedness efforts in a wide variety
of high-risk settings; enhance the safety and health
training of hazardous materials workers, emergency
responders, and skilled support personnel; and
ensure responders are aware of site-specific hazards
and mitigation techniques prior to and during
response activities. This initiative is intended to
foster the development of disaster-specific training
programs as an extension of the Hazardous Waste
WTP for preparing a cadre of experienced workers for
prevention and response to future terrorist incidents in
a wide variety of facilities and high-risk operations.
NIEHS's HDPTP complements the Department of
Homeland Security's preparedness training programs
by enhancing the safety and health training capacity
of HAZMAT workers and emergency responders
to prevent, deter, or respond to terrorist incidents
involving weapons of mass destruction, as well
as natural disasters. Since the program started in
2005, awardees responded and trained workers
after Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Sandy; the 2007
California wildfires; and the Deepwater Horizon
Gulf Oil Spill. Overall, this program has trained over
130,000 workers, and conducted 8,930 courses for
1,312,610 contact hours of training.
Training developed under this program should
complement the National Incident Management
System standardized incident management
processes, protocols, and procedures that all
responders-federal, state, tribal, and local-will use to
coordinate and conduct response actions.
Eligibility Requirements: The following organiza-
tions and institutions are eligible to apply: public and
state-controlled institutions of higher education; private
institutions of higher education; Hispanic-serving
institutions; historically black colleges and universi-
ties; tribally controlled colleges and universities; Alaska
Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions; Asian
American/Native American/Pacific Islander-serving
institutions; and nonprofits with 501(c)(3) IRS status
(other than institutions of higher education).
Availability: Approximately $2.2 million is allocated
to this program annually. A request for applications
is released every five years for a five-year funding
period. The current grant cycle is 2015-2020 and
already has been funded.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 37

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Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Enhanced training on chemical-intensive operations
for current hazardous materials workers and
chemical responders who protect the nation's
infrastructure from potential terrorist attacks as a
continuing high-priority national need.
¦	Training for skilled response personnel to ensure
appropriate response and remediation actions.
Bio-terrorist attacks using weaponized microbials is
a high-priority area for training program response.
The OSHA designation of anthrax response
coverage by 1910.120 regulations identifies a clear
target training population.
¦	Development of a nationwide cadre of well-trained
environmental response workers and emergency
responders to ensure that the nation is prepared
to respond to future disasters of national signifi-
cance. This training is patterned after the successful
Hazardous Waste Worker Training Program
(HWWTP), which provides worker certification.
https://www.niehs.nih.aov/careers/hazmat/about wetp/
hdpt/index.cfm
CFDA Number: 93.142
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Redevelopmer
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) E-Learning
for HAZMAT Program
Technological advances have created opportunities to
deliver accessible, accurate, and interactive training
electronically. The Small Business Programs (SBIR/
STTR) E-Learning for HAZMAT Program focuses on
the development of e-learning products that support
the health and safety training of hazardous materials
workers; waste treatment personnel; skilled support
personnel associated with an emergency/disaster;
emergency responders in biosafety response,
infectious disease training, and cleanup; emergency
responders in disasters and resiliency training;
and tools to assist in research into the acute and
long-term health effects of environmental disasters.
This initiative builds on WTP's experience in worker
safety and health training by stimulating creative
SBIR proposals to create such products. The SBIR
E-Learning for HAZMAT Program supports the
development of e-learning products that assist both
students and instructors and use a range of delivery
platforms, including computer and web-based
applications, virtual reality, serious gaming, and
mobile device applications. E-learning products
provide solutions to specific training problems and
for specific training audiences. They can be used in
traditional classroom settings, and they often help
prepare for critical hands-on training. These products
also can help to equip workers rapidly and effectively
with the skills and knowledge they need to protect
themselves and their communities from hazards.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities are U.S.
small business concerns.
Availability: Funding is available every year. For this
funding opportunity, budgets up to $100,000 total
costs per year and time periods of up to one year for
Phase I may be requested. Budgets up to $200,000
total costs per year and time periods of up to two
years may be requested for Phase II. Future-year
amounts will depend on annual appropriations.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Support for the development of emerging technolo-
gies to improve worker preparedness through
training and education enhancements and
methodologies (such as e-collaboration, e-teaching,
and e-learning) in safety and health training for
workers engaged in hazardous materials response.
https://www.niehs.nih.aov/careers/hazmat/about wetp/
att/index.cfm
CFDA Number: 93.142
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Superfund Research Program
The NIEHS Hazardous Substance Basic Research
and Training Program (Superfund Research Program
[SRP]) provides practical, scientific solutions to protect
health, the environment, and communities. As part
of NIEHS, SRP works to learn more about ways
to protect the public from exposure to hazardous
substances, such as industrial solvents, arsenic,
lead, and mercury. These and other toxic substances
are found in contaminated water, soil, and air at
hazardous waste sites throughout the United States.
SRP funds university-based grants on basic biological,
environmental, and engineering processes to find real
and practical solutions to exposures to hazardous
substances. These activities complement the work of
38 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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EPA, ATSDR, and other federal and state agencies.
Since its inception in 1987, the SRP has applied a
multidisciplinary research approach to provide a solid
foundation that environmental managers and risk
assessors can use for sound decision-making related
to Superfund and other hazardous waste sites. In
keeping with the NIEHS mission, SRP's teams of
diverse professionals develop, test, and implement
unique, solution-oriented approaches to address
complex environmental health problems. These teams
study environmental contaminants in order to lower
environmental cleanup costs, reduce human exposure,
and improve human health. SRP's central goal is
to understand and break the link between chemical
exposure and disease.
The SRP offers several grant opportunities, including
the following:
¦	Multiproject Center Grants (P42) - This program
supports coordinated, multiproject, multi- and
interdisciplinary centers that address the broad,
complex health and environmental issues that arise
from hazardous waste sites. SRP Center grants
support problem-based, solution-oriented research
centers that consist of multiple, integrated projects
representing the biomedical and environmental
science and engineering disciplines. The center
cores also are tasked with administrative, community
engagement, research translation, research support,
and training functions. Requests for applications
are released every two and a half years.
¦	Small Business Innovation Research Grants
(SBIR R43, R44) -The NIEHS SRP "Hazardous
Substances Detection and Remediation Program"
supports Small Business Innovation Research
& Small Business Technology Transfer Grants
to foster the commercialization of technologies,
products, and devices for detection and remediation
of hazardous substances in the environment. The
SRP is specifically interested in proposals applying
new engineering, bioengineering, and biotechnol-
ogy approaches to develop novel strategies to
characterize, monitor, and remediate hazardous
substances at contaminated sites.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities must be
a U.S.-based small business (see: Small Business
Eligibility Criteria^ Application receipt dates are
September 5, January 5, and April 5.
¦	Individual Research Grants (R01) - This
program is designed to address specific issues
that complement the multiproject research
centers, meet high-priority research needs of the
national Superfund Program, or tackle issues of
emerging concern. Grants awarded under this
mechanism will be for discrete, single projects.
Requests for applications are released approxi-
mately every five years.
¦	Superfund Research Program Support for
Conferences and Scientific Meetings (R13) - The
NIEHS Conference grant program is considered an
integral part of the overall mission of the Institute;
thus, it is critical that all conference grant applica-
tions have a direct relationship to advancing the
mission of NIEHS. To be responsive, all conference
grant proposals must focus on or clearly indicate
relevance to advancing our understanding of the role
of environment and/or gene-environment interac-
tions in disease/dysfunction. This includes environ-
mental science and engineering proposals, such
as methodologies to detect hazardous substances
in the environment and basic biological, chemical,
and physical methods to reduce the amount and
toxicity of hazardous substances. A letter requesting
permission to submit a conference application is
required and must be received via email no later
than six weeks prior to the selected receipt date. The
yearly application receipt dates for conference grants
are April 12, August 12, and December 12.
¦	Occupational and Safety Training Education
Programs on Emerging Technologies (R25) - The
SRP Occupational and Safety Training Education
Programs on Emerging Technologies support the
development of creative educational activities
focused on courses for skill(s) development and
curriculum or methods development. The intent is
to provide higher education institutions the opportu-
nity to develop these educational activities in the
areas of emerging technologies (e.g., emerging
hazardous waste products, green chemistry,
sustainable remediation, and detection technolo-
gies) to industrial hygienists and graduate students
involved in the research, evaluation, management,
and handling of hazardous substances. These
programs also provide unique educational opportu-
nities to professionals involved in the training of
other personnel for careers in these new industries,
and are meant to expand and complement existing
educational programs in occupational and safety
and health and industrial hygiene. There are no
current funding opportunities.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 39

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SNAPSHOT - ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
r
NIEHS's Worker Training Program (WTP) supports training and outreach to underserved and rural
communities. Arizona State University (ASU), part of the Western Region Universities Consortium, offered
courses to Native Americans in New Mexico and Arizona, as part of a program coordinated with the U.S
Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), through the Navajo Region Division of Environ-
mental and Safety Management. In 201 7, ASU trained 467 Native American workers in 20 courses for
the BIA. ASU is the only provider of Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response training, as
well as other key hazardous materials courses, for BIA in the region.
For more information on these Superfund Research
Program Funding Opportunities, please see https://
www.niehs.nih.aov/research/supported/centers/srp/
funding/.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
accredited domestic institutions of higher education
except where noted.
Availability: Funding is available every year. Please
visit the NIEHS Superfund Research Program grant
opportunities website for detailed information.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Support for the development of emerging technolo-
gies to improve worker preparedness through
training and education enhancements and
methodologies (such as e-collaboration, e-teaching,
and e-learning) in safety and health training for
workers engaged in hazardous materials response.
CFDA Number: 93.142
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning 1
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Sharon D. Beard
Industrial Hygienist
Worker Education and Training Program
Division of Extramural Research and Training
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
NIH, DHHS
P.O. Box 12233, MD K3-14
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233
984-287-3237 *
beard1@niehs.nih.gov
Joseph (Chip) Hughes, Director
Worker Education and Training Program
Division of Extramural Research and Training
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
NIH, DHHS
P.O. Box 12233, MD K3-14
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233
984-287-3271
hughes3@niehs.nih.gov
Advanced Technology Training Program contact:
Kathy Ahlmark, Program Analyst
Worker Education and Training Program
Division of Extramural Research and Training
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
NIH, DHHS
P.O. Box 12233, MD K3-14
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
984-287-3231
ahlmark@niehs.nih.gov
Superfund Research Program contact:
Heather Henry, Ph.D.
Health Scientist Administrator
Superfund Research Program
Hazardous Substances Research Branch (HSRB)
Division of Extramural Research and Training
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
NIH, DHHS
P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop K3-04
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
984-287-3268 *
henrvh@niehs.nih.gov
Main Sites
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/index.cfm
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/centers/
srp/index.cfm
40 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Health 0FFI
and Human Services —
Office of Community Services
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The Office of Community Services (OCS) works in
partnership with states, communities, and other
agencies to address the economic and social services
needs of the urban and rural poor at the local level
by providing grant monies and technical assistance
to these organizations. The goal of the programs
administered by OCS is to increase the capacity of
individuals and families to become self-sufficient and
to revitalize communities.
In addition to the programs listed here, OCS adminis-
ters the Community Services Block Grant program,
which supports services and activities for individu-
als with low incomes that alleviate the causes and
conditions of poverty in communities. These grants
are available to states, the District of Columbia,
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, U.S. Territories,
federally and state-recognized Indian tribes and tribal
organizations, Community Action Agencies, migrant
and seasonal farm workers organizations, and other
organizations specifically designated by the states.
Brownfields Connections
OCS provides grants to community development
corporations and community action agencies to
increase the capacity of individuals and families to
become self-sufficient and to revitalize communities.
Brownfields projects with a job creation focus may want
to explore the following OCS funding opportunities.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Community Economic Development Program
The purpose of the Community Economic Develop-
ment (CED) Program is to support employment
and commercial development projects designed to
provide economic self-sufficiency for individuals with
low incomes and their communities. To do this, the
CED Program give grants to local, private, nonprofit
Community Development Corporations (CDCs) to
support the creation and expansion of businesses
that develop new products, services, and other
commercial activities that result in the creation of new
positions for low-income individuals.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include
private, nonprofit organizations that are Community
Development Corporations, including faith-based,
charitable, tribal, and Alaskan-native organizations.
CDCs must be governed by a tripartite board of
directors that consists of residents of the community
served, local business leaders, and local civic
leaders. CDCs must have as their principal purpose
planning, developing, or managing low-income
housing or community development projects.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to HHS
annual budget and resources. CED awarded 25
grants in FY 2017 totaling $19.75 million, which are
expected to support the creation of over 1,022 jobs.
Award amounts varied from $312,320 to $780,800.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Startup or expansion of businesses' physical or
commercial activities.
¦	Capital expenditures such as the purchase of
equipment or real property.
¦	Allowable operating expenses.
¦	Loans or equity investments.
https://www.acf.hhs.aov/ocs/proarams/ced
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ^ Assessment ^ Cleanup
Outreach/Technical Assistance
Rural Community Development Program
Rural Community Development (RCD) is a federal
grant program that works with regional and tribal
organizations to manage safe water systems in
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 41

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SNAPSHOT - BARTLETT STATION, ROXBURY, MA
r
Bartlett Station is a major development project on a former Prownfieid site located in the heart of one
of most impoverished neighPorhoods in RoxPury, Massachusetts. One component of this project is the
Puild-out of a new 86,000-square-foot Puilding with 12,150 square feet of ground-floor retail space,
funded through a $488,000 Office of Community Services Community Economic Development (CED)
grant to Nuestra Comunidad Development Corporation, along with a variety of other federal, state,
local, and private funding sources. The development project is revitalizing a low-income neighbor-
hood Py replacing a vacant, Plighted property with new mixed-income rental housing and a quality
grocery store, Good Food Market, which will provide needed goods and services. The commercial
growth and expansion of this once-vacant site also is creating full-time joPs with living wages and
Penefits for memPers of the community.
small rural communities. RCD-funded projects are
designed to:
¦	Provide low-income individuals access to safe and
affordable drinking water in their homes.
¦	Strengthen economic conditions and opportunities
in small, rural communities through water supply
and wastewater disposal training and technical
assistance.
¦	Construct, improve, and preserve water supply and
disposal systems in a cost-effective manner.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
multistate, regional, private, and nonprofit 501(c)(3)
tax-exempt organizations.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to HHS
annual budget and resources. RCD grants were award
to eight organizations in FY 2017 totaling $7.45 million.
Award amounts range from $281,369 to $1,029,921
annually throughout a five-year project period.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Increase access for families with low incomes to
water supply and waste disposal services.
https://www.acf.hhs.aov/ocs/proarams/rcd
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
K~~Assessment \ Cleanup \ Redevelopmenl
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Office of Community Services
Administration for Children and Families
330 C St., SW, Mail Stop 5400
Washington, DC 20201
Main Site
https://www.acf.hhs.aov/ocs
¦	Preserve affordable water and waste disposal
services in low-income rural communities.
¦	Increase local capacity and expertise to establish
and maintain needed community facilities.
¦	Increase economic opportunities for low-income
rural communities by ensuring they have basic
water and sanitation.
¦	Utilize technical assistance to leverage additional
public and private resources.
¦	Promote improved coordination of federal, state,
and local agencies and financing programs to
benefit low-income communities.
42 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Housing and
Urban Development
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The overall mission of the U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD) is to create strong,
sustainable, inclusive communities and quality
affordable homes for all. HUD has several brownfield
applicable programs:
¦	Community Development Block Grant Program
(includes the Entitlement Communities Program and
several non-entitlement communities' programs).
¦	Indian Community Development Block Grant
(ICDBG) Program.
¦	Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program.
¦	Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction (LHR) Grant
Program.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Block grants and competitive awards to state and
local governments for revitalizing communities.
¦	Grants to communities for integrating brownfields
redevelopment planning with transportation and
housing planning.
Block grants to state and local governments for
meeting safe and affordable housing needs in
developed areas.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Community Development Block Grant Program
The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
program in the Office of Community Planning and
Development (CPD) is a flexible program that provides
communities with resources and broad discretion
in selecting activities to address a wide range of
unique community development needs. Each activity
funded through the program must meet one of the
following statutory national objectives: benefit low- and
moderate-income persons, prevent or eliminate slums
or blight, or address community development needs
of urgency because existing conditions pose a serious
and immediate threat to the health or welfare of the
community for which other funding is not available.
The CDBG program began in 1974 and is one of
the longest continuously run programs at HUD. The
CDBG program provides annual grants on a formula
basis to 1,211 general units of local government,
states, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and four
U.S. Territories.
The principal statutory objective of the CDBG
program is the development of viable urban communi-
ties, by providing decent housing and a suitable living
environment and by expanding economic opportu-
nities, principally for persons of low and moderate
income. The CDBG Entitlement Communities
program allocates annual grants to large cities and
urban counties on a statutory dual-formula basis. The
State Administered CDBG program awards grants to
non-entitlement communities. HUD allocates CDBG
funds to the states based on a statutory formula.
The states then distribute all funds (other than those
expended for administration and technical assistance)
to non-entitlement units of general local government.
Since the State of Hawaii has declined to participate
in the CDBG state program, HUD directly adminis-
ters the non-entitlement grants in Hawaii through the
Non-Entitlement Counties of Hawaii program. HUD
Field offices in Puerto Rico and Hawaii administer
CDBG funds for American Samoa, Guam, Northern
Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands through
the CDBG Insular Areas program. Neither HUD nor
states distribute funds directly to citizens, businesses,
nonprofit organizations, or other non-government
entities. At least 70 percent of a grantee's CDBG
grant funds must be used for activities that benefit
low- and moderate-income persons over a one-, two-,
or three-year time period.
CDBG plays a vital role in many local brownfields reuse
strategies. Brownfields contribute to eroding economic
conditions, creation of blight, and reduction of economic
opportunities for low- and moderate-income persons.
CDBG funds may be used in smaller neighborhood-
based projects, as well as larger projects to aid in
demolition, site cleanup, and remediation of environ-
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 43

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mental issues such as lead-based paint and asbestos.
Therefore, the use of CDBG funds to revitalize
brownfields often meets the program's goal to help
low- and moderate-income people by driving economic
development or eliminating blight. For example, with
support from CDBG funds, a Burlington, Vermont,
project created 40 units (32 affordable) of mixed-income
rental homes on the Burlington waterfront. This project
redeveloped a brownfield, rectified a serious stormwater
runoff problem, and became the first LEED-certified
residential project in Vermont.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entitlement
communities are cities with populations of at least
50,000 and qualified urban counties with populations
of at least 200,000. HUD awards funding on a formula
basis. Eligible non-entitlement communities are cities
with populations of less than 50,000 and counties
with populations of less than 200,000. States award
funding based on state priorities and selection criteria.
Limitations: Certain activities are not eligible
for CDBG funding. These include the acquisi-
tion, construction, or reconstruction of buildings for
government operations, political activities, certain
income payments, and, with some exceptions,
construction of new housing. All CDBG grantees
must submit to HUD a Consolidated Plan, which is
a jurisdiction's comprehensive planning document
and application for funding under the following CPD
formula grant programs: CDBG, HOME Investment
Partnerships, Housing Trust Fund (HTF), Housing
Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA), and
Emergency Solutions Grants (ESG).
Availability: Funding availability is subject to HUD
annual budget and resources. Congress appropri-
ated $3.3 billion for the CDBG program in FY 2019,
including set-asides. HUD distributes 70 percent
of the CDBG formula appropriations to entitlement
communities, and the remaining 30 percent of the
formula funds go to the states for distribution to
non-entitlement small cities and counties.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Prepare plans for redevelopment or revitalization of
brownfields.
¦	Acquire real property.
¦	Conduct environmental site assessments.
¦	Clean up contamination.
¦	Clear sites; demolish and remove buildings.
CDBG for Disaster Recovery
When the President declares a major disaster,
Congress may appropriate funds to HUD when
there are significant unmet needs for long-term
recovery. The special appropriation provides funds
to the most impacted and distressed areas for
disaster relief, long-term recovery, restoration of
infrastructure, housing, economic revitalization.
Hud allocates CDBG-DR funds based on unmet
recovery needs. HUD will notify eligible States,
cities and counties if they are eligible to receive
CDBG-DR grants.
More information at https://www.hudexchanae.info/
proarams/cdba-dr/
¦	Rehabilitate public and private buildings.
¦	Construct public works, including water and sewer
facilities, streets, neighborhood centers, and the
conversion of school buildings for eligible purposes.
¦	Conduct activities relating to energy conservation
and renewable energy resources.
¦	Assist nonprofit and profit-motivated businesses to
carry out economic development and job creation/
retention activities.
https://www.hud.aov/proaram offices/comm planning/
communitvdevelopment
CFDA Number: Entitlement Grants, 14.218; State
program and non-entitlement grants in Hawaii,
14.228; Insular Areas, 14.225
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Indian Community Development Block Grant Program
The Indian Community Development Block Grant
(ICDBG) Program in Indian Housing's Office of Native
American Programs (ONAP) provides eligible grantees
with direct grants for use in developing viable Indian and
Alaska Native Communities, including decent housing,
and a suitable living environment, primarily for low-
and moderate- income persons. Program regulations
provide for two categories of grants: Single Purpose
and Imminent Threat. The program can provide
funding for recipients in the following categories:
44 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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¦	Housing
¦	Community Facilities
¦	Economic Development
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants for
assistance include any Indian tribe, band, group, or
nation (including Alaska Indians, Aleut, and Eskimos)
or federally-recognized Alaska Native village.
Limitations: Certain activities are not eligible
for ICDBG funding. These include the acquisi-
tion, construction, or reconstruction of buildings for
government operations, political activities, certain
income payments, and, with some exceptions,
construction of new housing.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to HUD
annual budget and resources. In FY 2019, Congress
appropriated $65 million to the ICDBG Program.
Single purpose grants are awarded on a competition
basis pursuant to the terms published in an annual
Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA). The Secretary
of HUD may set aside 5 percent of each year's
allocation for the noncompetitive, first come-first
served, funding of grants to eliminate or lessen
problems which pose an immediate threat to public
health or safety of tribal residents.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Housing rehabilitation.
¦	Land acquisition to support new construction.
¦	Infrastructure construction (e.g., roads, water, and
sewer facilities).
¦	Construction of single or multipurpose community
buildings.
¦	Economic development efforts, related to
commercial, industrial, or agricultural projects.
https://www.hud.aov/proaram offices/public indian
housina/ih/grants/icdbg
CFDA Number: Indian Community and Development
Block Grant, 14.862
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program
The Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program, a
component of the CDBG program, provides communi-
ties with a source of financing for economic develop-
ment, housing rehabilitation, construction of public
facilities, and other physical development projects,
including improvements to increase their resilience
against natural disasters. Section 108 offers state
and local governments the ability to transform a small
portion of their CDBG funds into federally guaranteed
loans to capitalize large revitalization projects that
can renew entire neighborhoods. Borrowers for
Section 108 loans are local or state governments.
Borrowers must pledge their current and future CDBG
allocations as security for the loan. Such public
investment often helps encourage private economic
investment in distressed areas. Several cities have
used the Section 108 loan program to underpin their
local brownfields strategies. For example, a CDBG
Section 108 loan helped Santa Fe Springs, California,
clean up and redevelop a closed and contaminated
oil refinery into a 265-acre industrial park with four
million square feet in 22 buildings, including retail and
public art components. This Golden Springs Develop-
ment created more than 4,500 jobs, including more
than 700 jobs for low- and moderate-income individuals.
Eligible applicants include the following public entities:
¦	Metropolitan cities and urban counties that are
CDBG entitlement recipients.
¦	Non-entitlement communities that are assisted in
the submission of applications by states adminis-
tering the CDBG program.
¦	Non-entitlement communities eligible to receive
CDBG funds under the HUD-administered Small
Cities CDBG program (Hawaii and Insular Areas).
The public entity may be the borrower or it may
designate a public agency as the borrower.
Section 108 obligations are financed through
underwritten public offerings. Financing between
public offerings is provided through an interim lending
facility established by HUD. To date, there has been
no default under Section 108 resulting in a repayment
by HUD. In the event of default requiring a payment,
HUD would continue to make payments on the loan in
accordance with its terms.
Eligibility Requirements: To determine eligible uses
of funds, CDBG rules and requirements apply. As
with the CDBG program, all projects and activities
must principally benefit low- and moderate-income
persons, aid in the elimination or prevention of slums
and blight, or meet urgent needs of the community.
Limitations: CDBG entitlement communities may
borrow an amount equal to five times the recipients'
Planning
Assess men
Cleanup Redevelopment
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide I 45

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latest CDBG entitlement grant. Non-entitlement
communities may borrow an amount equal to five
times the approved CDBG amount received by their
respective state. The maximum repayment period for
a Section 108 loan is 20 years.
Availability: Subject to HUD's annual guarantee
authority. HUD had $300 million in guarantee
authority available in FY 2019.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Economic development activities and housing
rehabilitation eligible under CDBG.
¦	Acquisition of real property (including brownfields).
¦	Rehabilitation of publicly owned real property
(including brownfields).
¦	Construction, reconstruction, or installation of
public facilities (including street, sidewalk, and
other site improvements).
¦	Related relocation, clearance, and site improve-
ments.
¦	Payment of interest on the guaranteed loan and
issuance costs of public offerings.
¦	Debt service reserves.
¦	Public works and site improvements in colonias.
¦	Housing construction in limited circumstances.
https://www.hudexchanae.info/proarams/section-108/
CFDA Number: 14.248
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction (LHR) Grant
Program
The Office of Lead Hazard Control and Healthy Homes
(OLHCHH) was established to eliminate lead-based
paint hazards in privately owned, low-income housing,
and to lead the nation in addressing other housing-
related health hazards that threaten vulnerable
residents. HUD's lead-based paint program was
established in 1991 to reduce young children's
exposure to lead paint hazards in homes.
The Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction grant
program provides funding to identify and control
lead-based paint hazards in eligible low-income
privately-owned rental or owner-occupied housing
populations. In 2018, the previous Lead-Based
Paint Hazard Control and Lead Hazard Reduction
Demonstration grants programs were combined
into one program, the Lead-Based Paint Hazard
Reduction (LHR) grant program. This funding
availability includes an opportunity for larger jurisdic-
tions of high need to seek a higher maximum award
amount based on the requirement that they have
documented 3,500 or more occupied pre-1940 rental
units within their target area and approach described.
Healthy Homes Supplemental funding that can be
awarded to LHR grantees is intended to enhance
the lead-based paint hazard control activities by
comprehensively identifying and addressing other
housing hazards that affect occupant health or safety.
HUD makes funds available annually under this grant
program through a competitive selection process.
Eligibility Requirements: Only cities, counties/
parishes, and other units of local government, and
certain states and Native American tribes may
apply for LHR grants. State government and Native
American tribal applicants are eligible to apply only
if they have an EPA authorized lead-based paint
abatement training and certification program as of
the submission deadline date. Proposed projects
must address pre-1978 housing privately owned and
occupied by, or rented to, low-income families. Grant
recipients must provide at least a 10 percent match,
which excludes the requested Healthy Homes (HH)
Supplemental funding amount.
Limitations: Multiple units of local government,
or multiple local governments, may apply as a
consortium; however, an eligible lead applicant must
be identified that will be responsible for ensuring
compliance with all requirements. In cases with an
application involving multiple entities, each entity
must meet the civil rights threshold requirement of
Resolution of Civil Rights Matters in HUD's FY 2019
Notices of Funding Availability for the Lead-Based
Paint Hazard Reduction (LHR) grant program (httos://
www.arants.gov/).
Availability: Funding availability is subject to HUD
annual budget and resources. In FY 2019, Congress
appropriated $212 million for grants to 48 state and
local government agencies.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Lead-based paint inspections and lead risk
assessments, and, after lead hazard control work,
lead clearance examinations.
46 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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SNAPSHOT - SUN VALLEY HOMES, DENVER, CO
r
The Housing Authority of the City and County of Denver, and the City and County of Denver were
awarded a $30 million FY 2016 HUD Choice Neighborhoods Implementation Grant for the Sun Valley
neighborhood - Sun Valley EcoDistrict. Sun Valley was one of the neighborhoods addressed by the South
Platte River corridor study under a 2010 EPA Brownfields Area Wide Planning Grant. To support the goal
of implementing sustainable redevelopment solutions, Denver and the Denver Housing Authority also
received land revitalization technical assistance from EPA to identify green stormwater management
alternatives that were incorporated into the Sun Valley Homes master plan. A new light rail station was
completed in 2013 and now connects the Sun Valley to downtown and the surrounding region. Local
partners plan to build 750 new, mixed-income housing units; create new open space; and increase
opportunities for local businesses, and access to quality jobs and education to residents. In the northern
part of the neighborhood, the Denver Broncos plan to construct a $351 million Entertainment District with
retail, commercial, and residential developments. The city also continues to invest in the neighborhood's
light industrial area to attract new businesses.
¦	Community awareness or education programs on
lead hazard control and lead poisoning prevention.
¦	Blood testing of children prior to lead hazard
control work.
¦	Lead hazard control work (including cleaning,
interim controls of lead-based paint hazard, and
lead-based-paint hazard abatement).
¦	Temporary relocation of families during hazard
control activities.
¦	Lead safety training for workers and supervisors.
¦	Training on lead-safe maintenance practices
for residents and others working in low-income
housing.
¦	Participation in technical studies to further
childhood lead poisoning prevention efforts.
¦	Securement of liability insurance for housing-
related environmental health and safety evaluation
and control activities.
https://www.hud.aov/proaram offices/healthy homes/
I bp/I he
CFDA Number: Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction
Program, 14.900
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning \ Assessment V
Main Site
https://www.hud.aov/
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Claudette Fernandez
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Community Planning and Development
451 7th St., SW, Room 7286
Washington, DC 20410
202-402-4292
claudette.fernandez@hud.aov
Paul Webster
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Financial Management Division
451 7th St., SW, Room 7282
Washington, DC 20410
202-402-4563
paulwebster@hud.gov
Steve Johnson
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Entitlement Communities Division
Office of Block Grant Assistance
451 7th St., SW, Room 7282
Washington, DC 20410
202-402-4548
steve.iohnson@hud.gov
James Hoemann
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
State and Small Cities Division
Office of Block Grant Assistance
451 7th St., SW, Room 7184
Washington, DC 20410
202-402-5716
iames.e.hoemann@hud.gov
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 47

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Michelle Miller
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Lead Hazard Control and Healthy Homes
451 7th St., SW, Room 8236
Washington DC 20410
202-402-5769
michelle.m.miller@hud.aov
Bennett Hilley
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Financial Management Division
451 7th St., SW, Room 7282
Washington, DC 20410
202-402-4202
bennett.r. hillev@hud.aov
Benjamin C. Schwartz
Financial Management Division
451 7th St., SW, Room 7282
Washington, DC 20410
202-402-4105
beniamin.c.schwartz@hud.gov
48 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of the Interior
National Park Service
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The National Park Service (NPS) preserves natural
and cultural resources, and manages the National Park
System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration
of this generation and future generations. The NPS
cooperates with partners to extend the benefits of
natural and cultural resource conservation and outdoor
recreation throughout this country and the world.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Assistance to state and local governments, as
well as community-based organizations, to assist
community-led natural resource conservation and
outdoor recreation initiatives, including those in
urban areas.
¦	Assistance to states and local governments in the
acquisition of surplus federal lands.
¦	Assistance for community revitalization.
RESOURCES
Outreach Assistance
Federal Lands to Parks Program
The NPS's Federal Lands to Parks (FLP) Program
helps communities create new parks and recreation
areas by transferring surplus federal land to state and
local governments. This program helps ensure public
access to park lands and promotes good stewardship
of natural, cultural, and recreational resources. More
than 1,590 properties, representing approximately
178,470 acres, have been transferred to state and
local governments for parks and recreation areas since
the program's inception in 1949.
Eligibility Requirements: States, counties, municipal-
ities, and similar government entities may acquire
surplus federal land for parks and recreational areas.
Private and nonprofit organizations, religious institu-
tions, and individuals are not eligible to acquire surplus
federal land for recreation through the program.
However, these entities may act as advocates for
the acquisition of federal lands by state and local
governments.
Limitations: Land or buildings obtained through
this program must be used for public parks and
recreational activities in perpetuity. The FLP Program
periodically monitors property use and development to
make sure that parks obtained under the program are
managed according to the terms and conditions of the
deed and approved use plan.
Availability: When federal land becomes available
for reuse, the General Services Administration (or the
military agency in cases of base closures, or at times
another federal "disposing" agency) will notify other
federal and state agencies. FLP Program staff review
notices of available property for park and recreation
opportunities and notify relevant state, regional, and
local park agencies. Notices often are posted on
military or General Services Administration websites.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Creating or expanding public parks and recreation
areas.
¦	Providing or expanding park and recreational
amenities to camp, hike, play sports, improve
quality of life, help revitalization efforts, and attract
businesses.
¦	Protecting open spaces, extending hiking trails, and
opening boating and fishing access.
¦	Preserving historical and natural resources, such as
forts, lighthouses, shorelines, and wildlife habitat.
¦	Converting abandoned military bases into widely
used, productive recreational assets.
¦	Renewing a sense of community through
community gardens, senior and cultural centers,
and other gathering places.
https://www.nps.aov/oras/1508/index.htm
CFDA Number: 15.918
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s) of
the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment
Cleanup
Redevelopmen
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 49

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SNAPSHOT - COMISKEY PARK, DUBUQUE, IA
r
In 2013, Dubuque was awarded an EPA brownfields assessment grant to begin cleanup efforts at
polluted sites near Comiskey Park, named after a baseball great who played for the Dubuque Rabbits
on a former baseball field at this location during the 1879-1882 seasons. Comiskey Park is the only
accessible outdoor space for Dubuque's historic Washington and North End neighborhoods. These
neighborhoods have older building stock, mixed-density commercial and residential development,
and a diverse multi-ethnic population, most of whom have low and moderate incomes. Through its
brownfields assessment work, the city was able to identify properties for remediation and reuse. In
201 7, the city also secured a $508,000 grant from the National Park Service's Outdoor Recreation
Legacy Partnership program to purchase, remediate, and develop an adjacent 1,95-acre brownfield
parcel to expand Comiskey Park for recreational and green infrastructure uses. Improved recreational
opportunities at Comiskey Park also will support mixed-use neighborhood redevelopment initiatives
identified during Dubuque's brownfields assessment efforts.
Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program
The NPS's Rivers, Trails, and Conservation
Assistance (RTCA) program assists communities
so they can conserve rivers, preserve open space,
and develop trails and greenways. NPS staff help
build partnerships to achieve community-defined
goals by assessing resources, developing concept
plans, engaging public participation, and identifying
potential sources of funding for conservation and
outdoor recreation projects. Technical assistance is
targeted to underserved urban and rural communities.
As such, the program can complement brownfields
redevelopment efforts.
The NPS works with partners to provide close-to-
home outdoor recreation opportunities, conserve
lands and waters, engage youth in conservation,
support healthy community initiatives, and assist with
organizational development to ensure projects live in
perpetuity. A redevelopment project may use any or
all these project areas at the same time.
The NPS also collaborates with EPA on the
Groundwork USA Initiative. The Groundwork USA
Initiative builds the capacity of communities affected
by brownfields and abandoned lands. EPA provides
funds to NPS for this program under an interagency
agreement. NPS awards financial assistance to
successful community-based applicants and adminis-
ters the assistance agreements. The Groundwork
USA Initiative improves a community's environment
for conservation, recreation, and economic develop-
ment by supporting the establishment of locally
organized and controlled Groundwork Trusts. Each
trust is an independent, not-for-profit conserva-
tion and youth organization. The trusts partner with
government agencies and the private sector to
engage residents in the remediation of brownfields to
build consensus on reusing these sites for community
benefit and facilitating their transformation.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible project partners
include nonprofit organizations, community groups,
tribes or tribal governments, and local or state
government agencies. Federal agencies may be the
lead partner only in collaboration with a non-federal
partner. Projects are locally requested and led, and
should include significant public involvement. Projects
also should include the commitment, cooperation, and
cost-sharing of all partners.
Limitations: Generally the NPS involvement in these
partnerships lasts two years.
Availability: Applications are accepted annually.
Check the website link on the next page for applica-
tions.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Assisting in the development of conservation
partnerships.
¦	Providing resource assessment and identifying
potential sources of funding.
¦	Designing public outreach and participation
strategies.
¦	Helping communities achieve on-the-ground
conservation successes for their projects.
¦	Offering assistance in greenway efforts ranging
from urban promenades, to trails along abandoned
railroad rights of way, to wildlife corridors.
¦	Promoting river conservation through downtown
riverfronts, regional water trails, and stream
restoration.
50 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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https://www.nps.aov/oras/rtca/index.htm
https://aroundworkusa.org/
CFDA Number: 15.921
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
A Assessment \ Cleanup \ Redevelopment
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Wendy Ormont
National Park Service
Federal Lands to Parks Program
1201 Eye St., NW, Floor 9
Washington, DC 20005
202-354-6915
wendv ormont@nps.gov
Stephan Nofield
National Park Service
Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program
1201 Eye St., NW, Floor 9
Washington, DC 20005
202-354-6922
stephan nofield@nps.gov
Main Site
https://www.nps.gov/index.htm
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 51

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Department of the Interior —
Office of Surface Mining
Reclamation and Enforcement
m
X
o
73 1

DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The mission of the Department of the Interior's Office
of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
(OSMRE) is to carry out the requirements of the
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977,
as amended, in cooperation with states and tribes.
The primary objectives are to ensure that coal mines
are operated in a manner that protects citizens and
the environment during mining, the land is restored
to beneficial use following mining, and the effects of
past mining are mitigated by aggressively pursuing
reclamation of abandoned coal mines.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Provides grants to states and tribes to reclaim
land and waters impacted by legacy coal mining
activities.
¦	Manages the OSMRE/VISTA (Volunteers in Service
to America) Program that supports community
efforts to promote environmental and economic
improvements. This assistance is targeted to
watershed groups and other entities eligible to apply
for grants that support brownfield redevelopment.
¦	Supports local governments in the assessment,
reclamation, and redevelopment of abandoned
mine lands.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Watershed Cooperative Agreement Program
The Watershed Cooperative Agreement Program
(WCAP) makes funds available for reclamation
projects to clean up streams affected by acid mine
drainage (AMD).
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities are
nonprofit organizations and typically are small local
watershed organizations.
Limitations: Applicants can receive up to $100,000
to complete local AMD reclamation projects. Every
dollar of WCAP funds should be matched with at least
$2.50 contributed by project partners. Exceptions to
these funding levels are awarded on a case-by-case
basis, if justified.
Availability: Watershed Cooperative Agreements
are primarily for project construction and have a
two-year performance period. Between 1999 and
2017, OSMRE awarded 335 Watershed Coopera-
tive Agreements totaling more than $28.4 million.
The program anticipates issuing 15 awards based
on funding appropriations and funding availability in
FY 2018. The watershed organizations that apply for
the funding, normally receive up to $100,000 for each
reclamation project.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Remediation of AMD and sources of AMD. Projects
can include installation of passive or active water
treatment systems, and reclamation of lands that
are contributing sediment or acid-forming materials
to streams.
¦	Construction and post-construction water quality
monitoring of a remediation project.
https://www.osmre.aov/lra/fam/6-100.pdf
https://www.osmre.aov/lrg/fam/6-200.pdf
CFDA Number: 15.253
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Redevelopmen
Abandoned Mine Land Program
The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Program
addresses threats to public health, safety, and general
welfare through the reclamation of environmental
hazards caused by past mining practices. Grants are
awarded to a state or tribe with an approved AML
52 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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SNAPSHOT - PITTSBURGH BOTANIC GARDEN, OAKDALE, PA
r
Funding from the OSMRE Abandoned Mine Land (AML) program has been used to reclaim historic coal
AML sites located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 10 miles west of Pittsburgh. With additional funding
from other sources, the site has been developed as the Pittsburgh Botanic Garden, which opened
to the public in 2014. Continued reclamation using OSMRE AML funds has addressed a dangerous
highwall, mine subsidence, and acid mine drainage, and supported expansion of usable land in the
garden to 465 acres. Current plans for the garden include a total of 18 distinct gardens, five diverse
woodland experiences, an amphitheater for outdoor concerts and performances, an event center,
and a botanic research facility when fully completed. The expansion is expected to create jobs, attract
visitors, and generate millions of dollars in revenue.
reclamation program, and funds are used to provide
for the restoration of eligible lands and waters mined
and abandoned or left inadequately restored.
Eligibility Requirements: Grants under the AML
program are available only to states and tribes that
have an approved reclamation program. Polluted land
and waters are eligible for funds if they were mined
prior to August 3, 1977; or left in an unreclaimed
or inadequately reclaimed state, and there is no
continuing responsibility for reclamation by the
operator or any other party. Additional lands and
waters mined after August 3, 1977, or non-coal sites
may be eligible under specific circumstances.
Limitations: Each state must have an approved
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act regulatory
(Title V) program and a reclamation (Title IV) program
before it is eligible to receive AML reclamation grant
funding. Tribes also can receive AML funds if they have
an approved reclamation program.
Availability: Grants are provided annually to eligible
states and tribes to fund reclamation projects
identified in the electronic Abandoned Mine Land
Inventory System (eAMLIS).
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Reclamation of lands scarred by coal and non-coal
mining activities.
¦	Water supply restoration.
¦	Treatment of acid mine drainage.
¦	Maintenance of an abandoned mine lands inventory.
https://www.osmre.aov/proarams/AML.shtm
https://www.osmre.aov/resources/arants.shtm
CFDA Number: 15.252
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
) Assessment	Redevelopmenl
Outreach/Technical Assistance
OSMRE/VISTA Team
The OSMRE/VISTA program is a partnership between
OSMRE, AmeriCorps VISTA (Volunteers in Service
to America), and local nonprofit. The program
assists local watershed and economic development
groups in poverty alleviation, environmental restora-
tion, and capacity-building to revitalize impacted
mining communities. The OSMRE/VISTA initiative
places college graduates to work full-time to support
economic redevelopment, environmental stewardship,
and community outreach and education programs.
Eligibility Requirements: The sponsoring organiza-
tion must demonstrate its capacity for effective
supervision and support of the OSMRE/VISTA
Member, adherence to the core goals for OSMRE/
VISTA, and community support.
Limitations: There is a small cost-share requirement
for all OSMRE/VISTA projects.
Availability: Each OSMRE/VISTA project is in place
for three years with new projects starting on a rolling
basis. Interested host organizations must complete an
application that includes a work plan and documents
the need of the community and the support of local
agencies.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Develop educational opportunities for local youth.
¦	Organize water quality monitoring.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 53

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¦	Conduct outreach to youth and adults in the
community to create awareness about watershed
issues.
¦	Create or expand local economic revitalization
efforts.
¦	Apply for grants to support the host organization's
initiatives.
¦	Recruit and organize volunteers.
https://stewardsleaacv.org/osmre
https://www.osmre.aov/about/aetlnvolved.shtm
CFDA Number: 15.254
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Matthew Magruder
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Washington, DC 20240
202-208-2585
mmaaruder@osmre.aov
Main Site
https://www.osmre.gov/
54 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Labor
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) fosters,
promotes, and develops the welfare of wage earners,
job seekers, and retirees of the United States;
improves working conditions; advances opportunities
for profitable employment; and assures work-related
benefits and rights. DOL administers a variety of
federal labor laws, including those that guarantee
workers' rights to safe and healthful working
conditions, a minimum hourly wage and overtime pay,
and freedom from employment discrimination.
DOL's Employment and Training Administration
(ETA) works in partnership with states, localities, and
community organizations to assist adults and youth in
transitioning to stable jobs. The agency accomplishes
this mission by administering effective, value-added
programs that expand opportunities for employment,
continuous learning, business competitiveness, and
community prosperity.
https://www.doleta.aov/etainfo/mission.cfm
Beginning in 2016, ETA and other federal partners -
including the Departments of Labor, Education, Health
and Human Services, Housing and Urban Develop-
ment, and Agriculture - partnered on the Workforce
Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) that provides
a range of employment, education, training, and
related services, and helps connect businesses with
qualified workers. Under the WIOA, states and territo-
ries submit a Unified or Combined State Plan to the
U.S. Department of Labor that outlines a strategy for
the state's workforce development system. In early
2018, the WIOA reviewed the two-year modifications
to the strategic plans prepared and submitted by the
states and territories. The approved modifications for
2018, as well as prior plans submitted in 2016, are
available for review by state at httos://www2.ed.gov/
about/offices/list/osers/rsa/wioa/state-plans/index.html.
The publication of these plans — and the availabil-
ity of the final regulations published in August 2016
— established the foundation for the activities and
initiatives to be undertaken by the states and territo-
ries in the education and workforce preparation of its
residents. The regulations, policy information, and
links to partner federal agency websites can be found
at https://www.doleta.gov/wioa/.
ETA also continues to implement the Innovation and
Opportunity Network (ION), a community of practitio-
ners, program staff, partners, planners, industry
leaders, and stakeholders that strives to improve
the public workforce system, and build capacity and
excellence in the public workforce system. The ION
is a national, regional, state and local alliance that
makes available the technical assistance, informa-
tion sharing, and training needed to implement the
WIOA vision. More information on ION can be found
at https://ion.workforcegps.org/.
Brownfields Connections
While DOL/ETA does not execute a specific
brownfields initiative, its mission and discretionary
grant investments often complement and support
local redevelopment efforts that require workers
who are trained and skilled to handle environ-
mental cleanup and sustainable redevelopment of
brownfields. Information about the agency's grants-in-
aid can be found at https://www.doleta.gov/grants/.
RESOURCES
Outreach/Technical Assistance
Job Training
ETA administers programs that provided training
and employment assistance to over five million adult
workers and youth in Program Year 2017. WIOA and
other discretionary grant investment placements by
occupation and industry, and other positive outcomes
can be found at https://www.doleta.gov/performance/
results/reports. cfm#individual.
DOL/ETA offers services for job seekers and
employers through nearly 2,400 American Job
Centers (also known as One-Stop Career Centers).
Many of these centers are located in brownfield
communities and provide job seekers with job
vacancies and labor market information, job search
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 55

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SNAPSHOT - CITY OF SPRINGFIELD, MO
r
The Missouri Job Center - Ozarks Region, in partnership with the City of Springfield, utilized funding
from the Department of Labor in conjunction with EPA Environmental Workforce Development and
Job Training funds to provide additional training to graduates of the city's "Green for Greene" job
training program. By braiding these two resources, program graduates can obtain a Class A Commer-
cial Driver's License, which is an employer valued certification, in combination with 13 other certifica-
tions offered through the program. The certifications included are: 40-Hour HAZWOPER, OSHA 10-Hour
Construction, Asbestos Worker/Handler, Lead/Mold Abatement, Lead RRP, Confined Space, Trenching/
Excavation, Flagger, Silica, Forklift, Bloodborne Pathogens, and First Aid/CPR. With the co-enrollment,
the Missouri Job Center is also able to provide supportive services to eliminate barriers and increase
retention. Most recently, the Center leveraged DOL funds to provide wages to youth eligible program
participants during the training. These wages allowed participants experiencing financial hardships the
opportunity to participate, complete the program, and excel. To date, 64 graduates have successfully
completed the program, earning an average hourly wage of $15.25.
and placement assistance, assessment and career
counseling, and access to training. The centers also
provide services to employers to find skilled workers.
Information about these centers and the business-led
local Workforce Development Boards that provide
overall strategic direction can be found at America's
Service Locator at https://www.careeronestop.ora/
LocalHelp/service-locator.aspx.
In August 2003, ETA issued Training and Employment
Notice 04-3 to the public workforce system on
potential collaboration opportunities on brownfields
economic development. ETA also routinely posts
information related to EPA brownfields and other
environmental investments on its website (https://
www.doleta. oov/usworkforce/^. ETA highlights its
future discretionary grant opportunities at https://www.
doleta.aov/arants/find grants.cfm.
The ETA sponsors the CareerOneStop website
(https://www.careeronestop.org/'). which provides job
seekers, businesses, students, and career advisors
with free online tools, information, and services.
The Employment and Training Administration's Trade
Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career
Training (TAACCCT) grant program represented a
major investment to increase the ability of community
colleges to address the challenges of today's
workforce. The curricula developed by the colleges
under these grants is made available on http://www.
skillscommons.org/. Search terms - such as environ-
mental science or environmental technology - may be
entered to drill down to courses and other material that
have relevance for brownfields remediation.
Eligibility Requirements: Technical assistance linked
to job training and workforce development is available
to brownfield communities. State or local governments
interested in this support should contact one of ETA's
regional offices at https://www.doleta.gov/regions/.
Availability: Each state and local workforce area
has a Workforce Development Board that oversees
the One-Stop Career Center system in each state/
local area, develops strategic direction, and sets
investment priorities. Approximately 535 business-
led boards are now implementing the WIOA statute
and regulations that outline their governance and
operational responsibilities.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning \ Assessment V
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Division of WIOA Adult Services and Workforce
System
Office of Workforce Investment
Employment and Training Administration
U.S. Department of Labor
200 Constitution Ave., NW, Room S-4209
Washington, DC 20210
202-693-225
dsi@dol.gov
Main Site
https://www. dol. gov/
56 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Transportation —
Federal Highway Administration

''ATES O* V
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) works to
ensure that America's roads and highways continue
to be safe and technologically up to date. It provides
financial and technical support to state, local, and
tribal governments for constructing, improving, and
preserving America's highway system. Its budget is
primarily divided between two programs: federal-aid
funding to state and local governments, and Federal
Lands Highways funding for national parks, national
forests, Indian lands, and other land under federal
stewardship. The FHWA is committed to protecting
and preserving the environment through stewardship
and timely reviews.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Encourages the appropriate consideration of
brownfields in transportation planning, FHWA's
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process,
and state-related project development process.
¦	Encourages state and local transportation agencies
to develop their improvement programs in concert
with brownfield site remediation and redevelopment
efforts.
¦	Encourages transportation agency sponsors to
consider brownfield properties when siting projects
as part of redevelopment efforts.
¦	Develops working partnerships with a broad range
of environmental, state, local, and private sector
partners interested in supporting the redevelopment
of brownfields.
¦	Provides technical assistance as needed to
communities considering brownfield redevelopment
programs on how to use federal-aid highway funds
to meet program goals.
¦	Seeks cooperative partnerships between transpor-
tation, permit, and resource agencies in effective
utilization and redevelopment of brownfields, as well
as opportunities to share innovative financing and
other project responsibilities with other governmental
agencies and the private sector.
¦ Explores issues concerning liability and the level of
cleanup necessary to make brownfields reusable.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement
Program
The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improve-
ment Program (CMAQ) is continued by 2015's
Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act, more
commonly referred to as the FAST Act of 2015. This
program provides a flexible funding source to state
and local governments for transportation projects
and programs to help meet the requirements of
the Clean Air Act. Funding is available to reduce
congestion and improve air quality for areas that do
not meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
for ozone, carbon monoxide, or particulate matter
(non-attainment areas) and for former non-attainment
areas that are now in compliance (maintenance
areas). Through the close of CMAQ's MAP-21
period in 2015, the CMAQ program provided more
than $30 billion to fund over 30,000 transportation-
related environmental projects for state departments
of transportation (DOTs), metropolitan planning
organizations, and other sponsors throughout the
United States. As with its predecessor legislation, the
FAST Act provides funding to areas in non-attainment
or maintenance for ozone, carbon monoxide, and/or
particulate matter. In addition, those states that have
no non-attainment or maintenance areas still receive
a minimum apportionment of CMAQ funding for
either air quality projects or other elements of flexible
federal aid highway spending. The FAST Act provides
from $2.3 to almost $2.5 billion in CMAQ funding for
each year of the authorization (2016 through 2020).
While project eligibilities remain largely the same,
the legislation places increased emphasis on diesel
engine retrofits, including construction equipment,
port-related landside non-road or on-road equipment,
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 57

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and alternative fuel infrastructure in designated
alternative fuel corridors.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants
include state departments of transportation and local
governments.
Limitations: Funds must be spent in non-attainment
or maintenance areas. Projects must reduce
the pollutant for which the area is designated as
non-attainment or maintenance. No funds may be
used to add capacity except for high-occupancy
vehicle facilities that are available to single-occupant
vehicles only at off-peak times. Routine maintenance
and rehabilitation projects (e.g., replacement-in-kind
of track or other equipment; reconstruction of bridges,
stations, and other facilities; and repaving or repairing
roads) also are ineligible for CMAQ funding, as they
only maintain existing levels of highway and transit
service, and therefore do not reduce emissions.
Availability: CMAQ funds require a state or local
match. The typical split is 80 percent federal and 20
percent state and/or local.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Supporting transportation projects or programs
that are likely to contribute to the attainment or
maintenance of a national ambient air quality
standard, with a high level of effectiveness in
reducing air pollution, and that are included in
the metropolitan planning organization's (MPO's)
current transportation plan and transportation
improvement program (TIP) or the current state
transportation improvement program (STIP) in
areas without an MPO.
¦	Developing verified technologies for non-road
vehicles and non-road engines that are used in
port-related freight operations located in ozone,
PM10, or PM2.5 non-attainment or maintenance
areas.
¦	Installing vehicle-to-infrastructure communications
equipment.
¦	Developing electric vehicle and natural gas vehicle
infrastructure, with priority for infrastructure located
in national electric vehicle charging and hydrogen,
propane, and natural gas fueling corridors, as
designated under 23 U.S.C. 151.
¦	Installing diesel engine retrofits.
¦	Installing diesel emission control technology on
non-road diesel equipment or on-road diesel
equipment that is operated on highway construc-
tion projects.
¦ Supporting cost-effective projects to reduce
emissions from port-related landside non-road
or on-road equipment that is operated within the
boundaries of the area.
https://www.fhwa.dot.aov/environment/air aualitv/cmaa/
CFDA Number: 20.223
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
^^~Assessment ^ Cleanup
Surface Transportation Block Grant Program for
Transportation Alternatives
The FAST Act of 2015 sets aside funds under the
Surface Transportation Block Grant Program for
Transportation Alternatives (TA). These TA set-aside
funds authorize funding for programs and projects
related to transportation alternatives (including the
construction or conversion of on- and off-road trails
for pedestrians, bicycles, and other non-motorized
forms of transportation; infrastructure projects for
improving routes for non-drivers to access daily
needs; and community improvement activities, such
as historic preservation and vegetation management);
recreational trails; safe routes to schools; and the
planning, designing, and constructing of boulevards
and other roadways largely in the right of way of
former Interstate System routes or other divided
highways.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include
states.
Limitations: Fifty percent of state TA set-aside funds
is sub-allocated to areas based on their relative share
of the total state 2010 Census population through a
competitive process administered by the metropolitan
planning organization in areas with populations over
200,000, or through a state's competitive process.
The remaining 50 percent is available for use in
any area of the state through a state's competitive
process.
Availability: The combined funding for the TA
program for all uses is authorized at approximately
$835 million annually for FY 2016 and FY 2017. This
increases to $850 million annually for FY 2018-2020.
Subject to DOT annual budget and resources.
58 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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SNAPSHOT - GRAYS FERRY CRESCENT, PHILADELPHIA, PA
r
The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), along with the City of Philadelphia; the Pennsylvania
Departments of Environmental Protection, Community and Economic Development, and Conserva-
tion and Natural Resources; the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission; and several other
local organizations partnered on a $2 million project to clean up and redevelop a swath of Prownfields
along the Schuylkill River into an extension of the Schuylkill Banks Trail and Greenway. The cleanup of
contamination, including metals associated with pigments and paint-making, Pegan in August 2008.
Construction on the trails Pegan in March 2010. The project created a 3,700-foot-long Picycle and
pedestrian trail, plus several walking trails that total an additional 1,600 feet.
Funding from the DOT Federal Highway Administration's Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement
Program wgs used to support several priority projects for the Pennsylvonig Region identified Py the Delaware
Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC). This funding included $400,000 for the creation of a
separated two-way Pike lane on the Grays Ferry Bridge and nearPy streets, which connects the Grays
Ferry Crescent section of the Schuylkill River Trail to the entrance of Bartram's Garden; and $250,000 for
the Schuylkill River Development Corporation for an additional 1,200 feet of trail along the Schuylkill River as
part of the effort to connect South Street and the Grays Ferry Crescent segment.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Construction, planning, and design of on-road and
off-road trail facilities for pedestrians, bicyclists, and
other non-motorized forms of transportation.
¦	Construction, planning, and design of safe routes
for non-drivers, including children, older adults,
and individuals with disabilities, to access daily
needs.
¦	Construction of turnouts, overlooks, and viewing
areas.
¦	Vegetation management practices in transportation
rights of way to improve roadway safety, prevent
invasive species, and provide erosion control.
¦	Historic preservation and rehabilitation of historic
transportation facilities.
¦	Inventory, control, and removal of outdoor advertis-
ing.
¦	Archaeological activities impacts related to
transportation projects.
¦	Any environmental mitigation activity to address
stormwater management, reduce vehicle-caused
wildlife mortality, or maintain connectivity among
terrestrial or aquatic habitats.
https://www.fhwa.dot.aov/fastact/factsheets/transporta-
tionalternativesfs.cfm
CFDA Number: 20.205
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
K_Assessment \ Cleanup \ Redevelopment
Financial Assistance
Transportation Planning
FHWA has programs related to transportation
planning for local, rural, metropolitan, state, tribal,
federal, and citizen partners. These programs may
apply to brownfield planning and redevelopment.
Eligibility Requirements: FHWA's planning
programs provide planning assistance to local, rural,
metropolitan, state, tribal, and other federal partners.
Information is available online according to issue
and program. State and metropolitan transportation
planning processes are governed by federal law and
applicable state and local laws if federal highway or
transit funds are used for transportation investment.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to FHWA's
annual budget and resources. For current status,
please visit the website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Energy and emissions in planning.
¦	Land use and transportation.
¦	Economic development.
¦	Public involvement.
Smart growth and communities.
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¦	Tools for planning.
¦	Environmental justice.
¦	Sustainability.
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Dlannina/
CDFA Number: 20.205
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s) of
the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Constance Hill Galloway, Ph.D.
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Natural Environment Sustainable Transport
and Climate Change Team (HEPN-40)
1200 New Jersey Ave., SE
Washington, DC 20590
804-775-3378
connie.hill@dot.aov
Main Site
https://www.fhwa.dot.aov/
Assess mei
Cleanup ) Redevelopmei
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
60 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Department of Transportation — A
Federal Transit Administration	^
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) provides
financial and technical assistance to local public
transit systems, including buses, subways, light rail,
commuter rail, trolleys and ferries. FTA also oversees
safety measures and helps develop next-generation
technology research. Transit services supported by
FTA span many groups and provide wide-ranging
benefits. Since 1964, FTA has partnered with state
and local governments to create and enhance public
transportation systems, investing more than $12
billion annually to support and expand public rail,
bus, trolley, ferry and other transit services. That
investment helps modernize public transportation and
extended service into small cities and rural communi-
ties that previously lacked transit options.
Brownfields Connections
FTA supports the use of brownfields in transportation
projects as part of efforts to improve communities
through FTA transportation investments. Because
many brownfields are in urban areas where transit
is a viable transportation option, FTA programs can
play a role in local efforts to find an economically
productive use for a brownfield site. FTA funds are
specifically designated for transit projects, but funds
also may be used to assess or clean up any part of
a brownfield site that is proposed for use as part of a
transit project. FTA shares best practices and offers
technical assistance to transit agencies working with
other state and local government agencies on transit
projects involving brownfield sites.
¦	FTA encourages project sponsors to consider using
brownfields when identifying project sites.
¦	Transit facilities are particularly suitable for redevel-
oped brownfield sites because they tend to be
in urban areas; are not designed for continuous
human occupancy; may enhance an area's
economic redevelopment potential; and may
fall within a less restrictive land use category for
purposes of site remediation.
Federal Transit
Administration
¦	FTA financially assists metropolitan planning
organizations that conduct transportation
investment programs in metropolitan areas affected
by brownfields.
¦	FTA provides grants to public transit agencies
in urban and non-urban areas for transit capital
projects.
See FTA's Brownfields Standard Operating
Procedures, which provide guidance on assessment
and acquisition considerations for property that is
or may be contaminated, available at: https://www.
transit.dot.aov/reaulations-and-auidance/environmen-
tal-proarams/consideration-contaminated-properties-
includina.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Urbanized Area Formula Funding Program
(Section 5307)
The Urbanized Area Formula Funding program
makes federal funding available to designated
transit agencies in urban areas with a population of
50,000 or more. It may be used for transit planning
and transit capital projects, such as bus purchases.
Funding also is available for transit operating
assistance in urban areas with populations under
200,000.
Eligibility Requirements: Designated recipients
must be public entities with the legal authority to
receive and dispense federal funds.
Limitations: In most instances, the federal share of
the transit project cannot exceed 80 percent of the
net project cost. The federal share may be 90 percent
for the cost of vehicle-related equipment attributable
to compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA) and the Clean Air Act. The federal share of a
transit operating assistance project may not exceed
50 percent of the net project cost.
Availability: Subject to DOT annual budget and
resources. In FY 2018, Congress authorized over
$5.1 billion for these grants.
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Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Transit planning, engineering, design, and
evaluation of transit projects and other technical
transportation-related studies.
¦	Capital investments in bus and bus-related
activities, such as replacement, overhaul,
or rebuilding; crime prevention and security
equipment; and construction of bus maintenance
and passenger facilities.
¦	Capital investments in new and existing fixed
guideway systems, including rolling stock, overhaul
and rebuilding of vehicles, tracks, signals, communi-
cations, and computer hardware and software.
CFDA Number: 20.507
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment
Cleanup
Formula Grants for Rural Areas (Section 5311)
Formula Grants for Rural Areas is a formula-based
transit program that provides funds to states and
tribes to support public transportation in rural areas
with populations of less than 50,000. The program
also provides funding for state and national training
and technical assistance through the Rural Transpor-
tation Assistance program. The goal of the program
is to enhance access in rural areas to health care,
shopping, education, employment, public services,
and recreation; assist in the maintenance, develop-
ment, improvement, and use of public transporta-
tion systems in rural areas; encourage and facilitate
the most efficient use of transportation funds
by coordinating programs and services; provide
financial assistance to help carry out national goals
related to mobility for all, including seniors, individu-
als with disabilities, and low-income individuals;
increase availability of transportation options through
investments in intercity bus services; assist in the
development and support of intercity bus transporta-
tion; encourage mobility management, employment-
related transportation alternatives, joint development
practices, and transit-oriented development; and
provide for the participation of private transportation
providers in rural public transportation.
Eligibility Requirements: Grants are awarded
to states and federally recognized Indian tribes.
Subrecipients may include state or local government
authorities, nonprofit organizations, and operators of
public transportation or intercity bus services.
Limitations: In most instances, the federal share
of the capital transit project or ADA non-fixed-route
paratransit service may not exceed 80 percent of the
net project cost. The federal share of transit operating
assistance may not exceed 50 percent of the net
project cost.
Availability: Subject to DOT annual budget and
resources. In FY 2018, Congress authorized nearly
$660 million for this program.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Planning, capital, job access, and reverse commute
projects associated with providing public transporta-
tion in rural areas.
https://www.transit.dot.aov/rural-formula-arants-5311
CFDA Number: 20.509
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment
Cleanup
Capital Investment Grants Program (Section 5309)
The discretionary Capital Investment Grant (CIG)
program provides funding for fixed guideway
investments, such as new and expanded rapid rail,
commuter rail, light rail, streetcars, bus rapid transit,
and ferry systems, as well as corridor-based bus
rapid transit investments that emulate the features
of rail. It is authorized by the 2015 Fixing America's
Surface Transportation Act, more commonly referred
to as the FAST Act of 2015. The program supports
three categories of projects:
1.	New Starts projects are new fixed guideway
projects or extensions to existing fixed guideway
systems with a total estimated capital cost of $300
million or more, or that are seeking $100 million or
more in Section 5309 CIG program funds.
2.	Small Starts projects are new fixed guideway
projects, extensions to existing fixed guideway
systems, or corridor-based bus rapid transit projects
with a total estimated capital cost of less than $300
million and that are seeking less than $100 million in
Section 5309 CIG program funds.
3.	Core Capacity projects are substantial corridor-
based capital investments in existing fixed guideway
systems that increase capacity by not less than 10
percent in corridors that are at capacity today or
will be in five years. Core capacity projects may not
include elements designed to maintain a state of
good repair.
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Programs of Interrelated Projects are comprised
of any combination of two or more New Starts, Small
Starts, or Core Capacity projects. The projects in
the program must have logical connectivity to one
another, and all must begin construction within a
reasonable timeframe.
All projects must be evaluated and rated by FTA in
accordance with statutorily defined criteria at various
points in the development process. In order to be
eligible to receive a construction grant, all projects
must go through a multistep, multiyear process and
receive at least a "Medium" overall rating, in addition
to other requirements.
Eligibility Requirements: State and local government
agencies, including transit agencies, are eligible.
Limitations: The maximum CIG share allowed under
the program's authorizing legislation is 80 percent,
with a 20 percent required local match. However,
appropriations law directs FTA to limit the CIG share
for New Starts and Core Capacity projects to 60
percent or less.
Availability: Subject to DOT annual budget and
resources. In FY 2018, Congress authorized over
$2.6 billion for this program.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	New fixed guideway projects or extensions
consisting of heavy rail, light rail, commuter rail,
streetcar, ferries, or bus rapid transit.
¦	Corridor-based bus rapid transit systems.
¦	Core capacity projects, which expand capacity by
at least 10 percent in existing fixed guideway transit
corridors that are already at or above capacity
today, or are expected to be at or above capacity
within five years.
https://www.transit.dot.aov/fundina/arant-proarams/
capital-investments/fact-sheet-fixed-auidewav-capital-
investment-arants-new
CFDA Number: 20.500
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
3
Buses and Bus Facilities Infrastructure Investment
Program (Section 5339)
The Buses and Bus Facilities Infrastructure
Investment Program provides capital funding to
replace, rehabilitate, and purchase buses and related
equipment, and to construct bus-related facilities.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants are
designated recipients that operate fixed route bus
service or that allocate funding to fixed route bus
operators; state or local governmental entities; and
federally recognized Indian tribes that operate fixed
route bus service that are eligible to receive direct
grants under 5307 and 5311. Eligible subrecipients
include public agencies or private nonprofit organiza-
tions engaged in public transportation.
Limitations: The federal share is 80 percent of the
total project cost, with a 20 percent required local
match.
Availability: Subject to DOT annual budget and
resources. In FY 2018, Congress authorized over
$366 million for this program.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ Capital projects to replace, rehabilitate, and
purchase buses, vans, and related equipment,
and to construct bus-related facilities, including
technological changes or innovations to modify low-
or non-emission vehicles or facilities.
https://www.transit.dot.aov/bus-program
CFDA Number: 20.526
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
9
State of Good Repair Grants Program (Section 5337)
The formula-based State of Good Repair Grants
Program is dedicated to repairing and upgrading the
nation's rail transit systems, along with high-intensity
motor bus systems that use high-occupancy vehicle
lanes, including bus rapid transit.
Eligibility Requirements: State and local
government authorities in urban areas with fixed
guideway public transportation facilities that have
been in operation for at least seven years are eligible.
Limitations: The federal share is 80 percent of the
total project cost, with a 20 percent match.
Availability: Subject to DOT annual budget and
resources. Funds are available for obligation for four
fiscal years. This includes the fiscal year in which the
amount is made available or appropriated plus three
additional years. In FY 2016, Congress authorized
nearly $2.5 billion for this program.
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SNAPSHOT - CONOVER STATION, CONOVER, NC
r
Conover, North Carolina, transformed an abandoned manufacturing plant into a vibrant, mixed-use
development and transit center. After the Broyhill Furniture plant closed, the town purchased the site in 2005.
Despite the site's environmental challenges, Conover saw its potential and envisioned a redevelopment that
also would preserve the Warlong Glove building as its centerpiece.
The town used EPA brownfields grants to assess and clean up the site, along with an EPA loan through the
Land of Sky Regional Council's brownfields revolving loan fund. Grants from the Federal Transit Administra-
tion and the Clean Water Management Trust also contributed to the $4.4 million project — the largest new
construction in downtown Conover in several decades.
Today, the 6.8-acre former brownfield is the site of Conover Station, a multi-modal transportation hub for
trains, buses, and cabs that also houses a library, computer lab, and coffee shop. In 2012, the Manufactur-
ing Solutions Center opened a state-of-the-art, 30,000-square-foot center adjacent to the Warlong Glove
building, to promote job creation in the region. A 40,000-square-foot commercial building housing a large
fitness center opened on the site in late 2015. Soon the Conover Station site also will include a public park
with walking trails, a stormwater pond, and playground.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Capital projects to maintain a system in a state
of good repair, including projects to replace and
rehabilitate rolling stock, track, line equipment
and structures, signals and communications,
power equipment and substations, passenger
stations and terminals, security equipment and
systems, maintenance facilities and equipment, and
operational support equipment, including computer
hardware and software.
¦	Transit Asset Management Plan development and
implementation.
https://www.fhwa.dot.aov/plannina/
CFDA Number: 20.525
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ) Assessment ) Cleanup
Metropolitan, Statewide, and Non-Metropolitan
Transportation Planning Programs (Sections 5303,
5304, 5305)
These programs provide funding and procedural
requirements for multimodal transportation planning
in metropolitan areas and states. Planning needs
to be cooperative, continuous, and comprehen-
sive, resulting in long-range plans and short-range
programs reflecting transportation investment
priorities. The planning programs are jointly adminis-
tered by FTA and the Federal Highway Administration,
which provides additional funding.
Eligibility Requirements: State departments of
transportation (DOTs) and metropolitan planning
organizations (MPOs) are eligible. Federal planning
funds are first apportioned to state DOTs, which then
allocate planning funding to MPOs.
Limitations: The federal share is not to exceed 80
percent of the cost of the projects funded, with a
required 20 percent nonfederal match.
Availability: Funds are apportioned to states by a
formula that includes each state's urbanized area
population in proportion to the total urbanized area
population for the nation, as well as other factors.
States can receive no less than .5 percent of the
amount apportioned. These funds, in turn, are
sub-allocated by states to MPOs by a formula that
considers each MPOs urbanized area population, its
individual planning needs, and a minimum distribu-
tion. Congress authorized $139 million for the
program in FY 2019, and $142 million in FY 2020.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Supporting the economic vitality of the metropolitan
area, especially by enabling global competitiveness,
productivity, and efficiency.
¦	Increasing the safety of the transportation system
for motorized and non-motorized users.
¦	Increasing the security of the transportation system
for motorized and non-motorized users.
¦	Increasing the accessibility and mobility of people
and freight.
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¦	Protecting and enhancing the environment,
promoting energy conservation, improving the
quality of life, and promoting consistency between
transportation improvements and state and local
planned growth and economic development
patterns.
¦	Enhancing the integration and connectivity of the
transportation system, across and between modes,
for people and freight.
¦	Promoting efficient system management and
operation.
¦	Emphasizing the preservation of the existing
transportation system.
https://www.transit.dot.aov/reaulations-and-auidance/
transportation-plannina/metropolitan-statewide-non-
metropolitan-plannina
CFDA Number: 20.505
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment ^ Cleanup
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Antoinette Quagliata, LEED AP
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Administration
Office of Planning and Environment
1200 New Jersey Ave., SE
East Building, Room E45-339
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-4265
antoinette.auagliata@dot.Qov
Main Site
https://www.fhwa.dot.aov/
For complete details on all of FTA's grant programs,
see https://www.transit.dot.gov/grants.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 65

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Department of Transportation
Office of the Secretary

''ATES O* V
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT)
Office of the Secretary (OST) oversees the formula-
tion of national transportation policy and promotes
intermodal transportation. Other responsibilities
include negotiating and implementing international
transportation agreements, assuring the fitness of
U.S. airlines, enforcing airline consumer protection
regulations, issuing regulations to prevent alcohol
and illegal drug misuse in transportation systems, and
preparing transportation legislation.
Brownfields Connections
DOT encourages state and local transporta-
tion agencies to address community brownfields
redevelopment in transportation planning and other
project development processes. Transportation
agencies may spend federal transportation funds
on the assessment and cleanup of contaminated
sites, provided that the activity is part of an "eligible
transportation project" and makes "transportation
sense."
DOT provides grants, loans, and credit assistance to
invest in innovative road, rail, transit, and port projects
that incorporate livability and sustainability principles.
These principles improve economic competitiveness
by expanding transportation connections and choices
for communities across the nation that are impacted
by brownfields.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Better Utilizing Investments to Leverage Development
(BUILD) Transportation Grants Program
The Better Utilizing Investments to Leverage
Development (BUILD) Transportation Grants
Program, formerly known as the TIGER Grants
program, is a transportation discretionary grant
program that provides a unique opportunity for DOT
to build and repair critical pieces of the nation's freight
and passenger transportation networks. These grants
support innovative projects, including multimodal
and multijurisdictional projects, which are difficult to
fund through traditional federal programs. Successful
BUILD projects leverage resources, encourage
partnership, catalyze investment and growth, fill a
critical void in the transportation system, or provide a
substantial benefit to the nation, region, or metropoli-
tan area in which the project is located. Funds are
leveraged from private sector partners, states, local
governments, metropolitan planning organizations,
and transit agencies. Since 2009, the program has
provided a combined $5.6 billion to 463 projects in
all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico,
Guam, and the Virgin Islands. The 2018 BUILD round
alone awarded about $1.5 billion in infrastructure
grants for an array of project types in nearly every
state, with highway and bridge projects snaring more
than two-thirds of awarded funding. This amount
tripled the previous year's level.
Eligibility Requirements: BUILD grants are offered
on a competitive basis directly to state, local, and
tribal governments, including U.S. Territories; transit
agencies; port authorities; metropolitan planning
organizations; and other political subdivisions of state
or local governments.
Limitations: In 2018, the program awarded at least
30 percent ($450 million) of funding for rural projects.
The program also considered an equitable balance in
funding for geographic diversity among recipients.
Availability: The availability of BUILD funds is
subject to annual congressional appropriations. For
current status, visit the BUILD website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include: Eligible projects for
2018 BUILD Discretionary grants were capital
projects that included:
¦	Highway, bridge, or other road projects eligible
under title 23, United States Code.
¦	Public transportation projects eligible under chapter
53 of title 49, United States Code.
¦	Passenger and freight rail transportation projects.
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¦	Port infrastructure investments (including inland port
infrastructure and land ports of entry).
¦	Intermodal projects.
https://www.transportation.aov/BUILDarants
CFDA Number: 20.933
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Build America Bureau
In July 2016, DOT established the Build America
Bureau to enhance transportation infrastructure
development projects in the United States by
streamlining credit and grant opportunities, while
providing technical assistance and encourag-
ing innovative best practices in project planning,
financing, delivery, and monitoring. The bureau
serves as the single point of contact and coordination
for states, municipalities, and project sponsors looking
to utilize federal transportation expertise; apply for
federal transportation credit programs; and explore
ways to access private capital in public private
partnerships. It addresses the procedural, permitting,
and financial barriers to increased infrastructure
investment and development by intervening earlier
in project lifecycles; actively helping sponsors
navigate and accelerate the often complex federal
permitting and procedural requirements; centralizing
project coordination; and cultivating public private
partnerships. The bureau administers, among other
things, the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation Act (TIFIA) and Railroad Rehabilitation and
Improvement Financing (RRIF) loan programs; and
the recently rebranded Infrastructure for Rebuilding
America (INFRA) grant program, which was formerly
known as FASTLANE, all within the Office of the
Undersecretary for Transportation for Policy.
Transportation infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Act Credit Assistance
The Transportation Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation Act (TIFIA) credit assistance program
helps finance many types of transportation infrastruc-
ture projects, including highway, transit, passenger
rail; capital investments for intelligent transporta-
tion systems; certain freight and port facilities;
surface transportation facilities at airports, as well
as combinations of related transportation improve-
ments of these types; and surface transportation
projects in rural areas. The TIFIA program maximizes
limited federal resources to deliver large infrastruc-
ture investments. It provides secured loans, loan
guarantees, and lines of credit to eligible applicants
seeking assistance. Pursuant to the FAST Act, DOT
announced availability of TIFIA funding authorized in
the amount of $1.435 billion ($275 million in FY 2016
funds, $275 million in FY 2017 funds, $285 million in
FY 2018 funds, $300 million in FY 2019 funds, and
$300 million in FY 2020 funds, and any funds that
may be available from prior fiscal years) to provide
TIFIA credit assistance for eligible projects. The FY
2016-2020 authorized funds are subject to an annual
obligation limitation in accordance with appropriations
law, as well as annual reobligation requirements.
Historically, each dollar of funding has allowed TIFIA
to provide approximately $14 in credit assistance.
As a result, these funding levels could translate to
potentially $20 billion in TIFIA credit assistance.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants
include public or private entities seeking to finance,
design, construct, own, or operate an eligible surface
transportation project. All applicants must meet
various federal standards for participation in a federal
credit program, as well as modal-specific require-
ments, among other factors, to receive TIFIA credit
assistance.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to DOT'S
annual budget and resources. For current status,
please visit the website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Development phase activities, including planning,
feasibility analysis, revenue forecasting, environ-
mental review, permitting, preliminary engineer-
ing and design work, and other pre-construction
activities.
¦	Construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, replace-
ment, and acquisition of real property (including land
related to the project and improvements to land),
environmental mitigation, construction contingen-
cies, and acquisition of equipment.
¦	Capitalized interest necessary to meet market
requirements, reasonably required reserve funds,
capital issuance expenses, and other carrying costs
during construction.
¦	Credit assistance for highway, transit, passenger
rail, certain freight facilities, certain port projects,
and rural infrastructure projects.
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https://www.transportation.aov/buildamerica/proarams-
services/tifia
CFDA Number: 20.223
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment
Cleanup
Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing
The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement
Financing (RRIF) program provides direct federal
loans and loan guarantees to finance the develop-
ment of railroad infrastructure. Priority is given
to projects that provide public benefits, including
benefits to public safety, the environment, and
economic development. Under the Safe, Account-
able, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act:
A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), the RRIF
Program was authorized to provide direct loans and
loan guarantees totaling up to $35 billion to finance
development of railroad infrastructure.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible borrowers include
railroads, state and local governments, government-
sponsored authorities and corporations, joint ventures
that include at least one railroad, and limited option
freight shippers who intend to construct a new rail
connection.
Limitations: Direct loans can fund up to 100 percent
of a railroad project with repayment periods of up
to 35 years and interest rates equal to the cost of
borrowing to the government. However, since the
RRIF Program does not currently have an appropria-
tion, the cost to the government of providing financial
assistance must be borne by the RRIF applicant, or
another non-federal entity on behalf of the applicant,
through the payment of the credit risk premium.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to DOT'S
annual budget and resources. For current status,
please visit the website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Acquire, improve, or rehabilitate intermodal or rail
equipment or facilities, including track, components
of track, bridges, yards, buildings, and shops.
¦	Refinance outstanding debt incurred for the
purposes listed above.
¦	Develop or establish new intermodal or railroad
facilities.
https://www.transportation.aov/buildamerica/proarams-
services/rrif
CFDA Number: 20.316
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
infrastructure for Rebuilding America
DOT'S Infrastructure for Rebuilding America
(INFRA) grant program, formerly known as the
Nationally Significant Freight and Highways program
(FASTLANE), funds critical freight and highway
projects across the country. It provides dedicated,
discretionary funding for projects that address critical
freight issues facing our nation's highways and
bridges. INFRA grants will support the Administra-
tion's commitment to fixing our nation's crumbling
infrastructure by creating opportunities for all levels of
government and the private sector to fund infrastruc-
ture, using innovative approaches to improve the
necessary processes for building significant projects,
and increasing accountability for the projects that are
built.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants for
INFRA grants are 1) a state or group of states; 2)
a metropolitan planning organization that serves
an urbanized area (as defined by the Bureau of the
Census) with a population of more than 200,000
individuals; 3) a unit of local government or group
of local governments; 4) a political subdivision of
a state or local government; 5) a special purpose
district or public authority with a transportation
function, including a port authority; 6) a federal
land management agency that applies jointly with a
state or group of states; 7) a tribal government or a
consortium of tribal governments; or 8) a multistate
or multijurisdictional group of public entities. Multiple
states or jurisdictions that submit a joint application
should identify a lead applicant as the primary point of
contact. Each applicant in a joint application must be
an eligible applicant. Joint applications should include
a description of the roles and responsibilities of each
applicant and should be signed by each applicant.
Limitations: The minimum project size for large
projects is the lesser of $100 million; 30 percent of
a state's FY 2016 federal aid apportionment if the
project is in one state; or 50 percent of the larger
participating state's FY 2016 apportionment for
projects located in more than one state. A small
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SNAPSHOT - DOWNTOWN CORE REVITALIZATION AREA, KALISPELL, MT
The City of Kalispell is using a $12.75 million BUILD grant to widen approximately two miles of the US
Highway 93 Bypass to four lanes and replace an existing roundaPout with an overpass interchange,
including ramps, allowing a shared-use connection. This roadwork Puilds on work that Pegan with
a 2015 TIGER grant that was used to construct rail and road infrastructure at Glacier Rail Park to
accommodate existing and prospective customers. This funding allowed the city to remove rail from
downtown Kalispell, which improved pedestrian connectivity. This stretch of highway sits in the center of
KalispeN's Core Revitalization Area (CRA), the focus of a 2010 EPA Brownfields Area-Wide Plan developed
Py the city. Removal of the rail lines from downtown and reconfiguration of existing roadways are critical
aspects of KalispeN's vision for the CRA, which is to "transform from an industrially oriented center into a
viPrant, pedestrian-friendly, mixed-use neighPorhood, focusing upon retail, residential, entertainment,
and cultural amenities designed to proudly and consistently complement the existing historic Kalispell
downtown area."
project is an eligible project that does not meet the
minimum project size described above. While 10
percent of available funds are reserved for small
projects, 90 percent of funds are reserved for large
projects. Total federal assistance for a project
receiving a grant may not exceed 80 percent of the
future eligible project costs.
Availability: In FY 2018, INFRA grants in the amount
of nearly $1.5 billion were awarded to 26 projects.
Uses/Applications Include:
Eligible projects for the 2017-2018 grants cycle
included:
¦	Highway freight projects carried out on the National
Highway Freight Network (23 U.S.C. 167).
¦	Highway or bridge projects carried out on the
National Highway System (NHS), including projects
that add capacity on the Interstate System to improve
mobility or projects in a national scenic area.
¦	Railway-highway grade crossing or grade
separation projects.
¦	Freight projects that are an intermodal or rail
project, or within the boundaries of a public or
private freight rail, water (including ports), or
intermodal facility.
Eligible project costs include costs for:
¦	Construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and
acquisition of property (including land related to the
project and improvements to the land).
¦	Environmental mitigation, construction contingen-
cies, equipment acquisition, and operational
improvements directly related to system
performance.
¦ Developmental phase activities, including planning,
feasibility analysis, revenue forecasting, environ-
mental review, preliminary engineering, design,
and other preconstruction activities, provided the
project meets statutory requirements. However, in
2017-2018, the department sought to use INFRA
funding on projects that result in construction.
https://www.transportation.aov/buildamerica/infraarants
CFDA Number: 20.934
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Jodie Misiak
U.S. Department of Transportation
Office of the Secretary of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave., SE
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-2610
iodie.misiak@dot.aov
DOT Build America Bureau Web Site
https://www.transportation.aov/buildamerica
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 69

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Environmental Protection Agency , ^
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Aaencv (EPA) is to protect human health and the
environment. EPA works to ensure that:
¦	Americans have clean air, land, and water;
¦	National efforts to reduce environmental risks are
based on the best available scientific information;
¦	Federal laws protecting human health and the
environment are administered and enforced fairly,
effectively, and as Congress intended;
¦	Environmental stewardship is integral to U.S.
policies concerning natural resources, human
health, economic growth, energy, transportation,
agriculture, industry, and international trade, and
these factors are similarly considered in establishing
environmental policy;
¦	All parts of society-communities, individu-
als, businesses, and state, local, and tribal
governments-have access to accurate informa-
tion sufficient to effectively participate in managing
human health and environmental risks;
¦	Contaminated lands and toxic sites are cleaned up
by potentially responsible parties and revitalized; and
¦	Chemicals in the marketplace are reviewed for safety.
Brownfields Connections
¦	Grants to assess site contamination.
¦	Grants to carry out cleanup activities at brownfield
sites.
¦	Capital to establish revolving loan funds (RLFs).
¦	Funds to develop environmental job training for
residents of communities affected by brownfield sites.
¦	Grants to conduct brownfield planning activities.
¦	Grants to establish and enhance state and tribal
response programs.
¦	Outreach and technical assistance to communities
with brownfield challenges.
¦	Grants to capitalize revolving loan funds to correct
or prevent water quality problems.
¦	Loans to support water infrastructure improvements.
¦	Grants to advance the restoration of urban waters.
¦	Grants and technical assistance to help revitalize
communities through sustainable and equitable
economic development.
OFFICE OF BROWNFIELDS AND LAND
REVITALIZATION
EPA actively promotes the cleanup and reuse of
brownfields through the Office of Brownfields and
Land Revitalization (OBLR). EPA's Brownfields
and Land Revitalization Program is designed to
empower states, communities, and other economic
development stakeholders to work together in a
timely manner to prevent, assess, safely clean up,
and sustainably reuse brownfields. The Program
encourages the redevelopment of America's
abandoned and contaminated brownfield sites
through its annual grant programs, as well as its
many outreach and technical assistance programs.
EPA's Brownfields and Land Revitalization Program
has leveraged more than $27 billion in cumulative
program investments since its inception in 1995. A
variety of public and private sources are leveraged
to support brownfield cleanup and redevelopment
activities. This equates to an average of $16.86
leveraged per EPA brownfield dollar expended. In
addition, 8.6 jobs are leveraged per $100,000 of EPA
brownfield funds expended on assessment, cleanup,
and revolving loan fund cooperative agreements.
These investments have resulted in approximately
144,800 jobs nationwide. For a brief overview of the
economic benefits of brownfields redevelopment,
see: https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/brownfields-
proaram-accomplishments-and-benefits.
Financial Assistance
EPA's Brownfields and Land Revitalization
Program provides direct funding for brownfield site
assessment, cleanup, RLF capitalization, planning,
and environmental workforce development. The
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Program collaborates with other EPA programs,
federal partners, and state agencies to identify
available resources that can be leveraged for
brownfields and community revitalization activities.
EPA provides funding for the following grants:
Assessment Grants
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
state and local governments; land clearance
authorities and other quasi-governmental entities;
government entities created by state legislature;
regional councils and groups of local governments;
redevelopment agencies; Indian tribes other than in
Alaska; Alaska Native Regional Corporations, Alaska
Native Village Corporations, and the Metlakatla Indian
Community; 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations; limited
liability corporations in which all managing members
are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or whose sole members are
501(c)(3) nonprofits; limited liability partnerships in
which all general partners are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or
whose sole members are 501(c)(3) nonprofits; and
qualified community development entities.
Limitations: An applicant may apply annually for a
Community-wide and/or a Site-specific Assessment
Grant, or as part of an Assessment Coalition Grant.
¦	An applicant may apply for a Community-wide
Assessment Grant when its request does not target
a specific site or if the applicant plans to spend grant
funds on more than one brownfield in the community.
¦	An applicant may apply for a Site-specific
Assessment Grant when it identifies a specific
site and plans to spend grant funds to address
conditions only at that one site.
¦	An Assessment Coalition consists of three or more
eligible entities who apply together for a single
Community-wide Assessment Coalition Grant
to assess a minimum of five sites within their
communities. Coalition members may not apply for
any other Assessment Grants in the same year, or
be a member of other Assessment Coalitions.
https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/tvpes-brownfields-
grant-fundina#tab-2
Availability:
¦	Community-wide Assessment Grant applicants may
apply for up to $300,000 to assess two or more
sites contaminated with hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants and/or petroleum.
¦	Site-specific Assessment Grant applicants may
apply for up to $200,000 to assess hazardous
substances and/or petroleum contamination at a
specified site. Applicants may seek a waiver of
the $200,000 limit and request up to $350,000
for a single site. Such waivers must be based on
the anticipated level of contamination, size, or
ownership status of the site.
¦	Assessment Coalition Grant applicants may submit
one assessment grant proposal for up to $600,000
under the name of the lead coalition member.
The performance period for a Brownfield Assessment
Grant is up to three years. In FY 2018, EPA awarded
169 Assessment Grants totaling $37.5 million.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Develop an inventory of sites.
¦	Prioritize sites.
¦	Conduct site assessments.
¦	Conduct community involvement activities related to
brownfield sites.
¦	Conduct planning related to brownfield sites.
¦	Conduct site-specific cleanup planning.
¦	Develop brownfield site reuse plans.
¦	Conduct health monitoring (local governments only).
¦	Monitor and enforce institutional controls (local
governments only).
¦	Purchase environmental insurance.
CDFA Number: 66.818
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Cleanup Grants
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
state and local governments; land clearance
authorities and other quasi-governmental entities;
government entities created by the state legislature;
regional councils and groups of local governments;
redevelopment agencies; Indian tribes other than in
Alaska; Alaska Native Regional Corporations, Alaska
Native Village Corporations, and the Metlakatla Indian
Community; 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations; limited
liability corporations in which all managing members
are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or whose sole members are
501(c)(3) nonprofits; limited liability partnerships in
which all general partners are 501(c)(3) nonprofits
or whose sole members are 501(c)(3) nonprofits;
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qualified community development entities; and other
nonprofit organizations that are operated mainly for
scientific, educational, service, charitable, or similar
purpose in the public interest; are not organized
primarily for profit; and use net proceeds to maintain,
improve, or expand the operation of the organization.
Limitations: An applicant may apply annually for one
Cleanup Grant to address hazardous substances
and/or petroleum contamination at one or more sites.
¦	An applicant must own the site(s) or obtain sole
ownership of the site(s) by the proposal submission
deadline specified in proposal guidelines.
¦	Prior to submitting a proposal, the applicant must
complete a Phase II environmental site assessment
using theASTM E1903-11 standard or equivalent
assessment.
https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/tvpes-brownfields-
grant-fundina#tab-4
Availability: Cleanup Grant applicants may request
up to $500,000 to carry out cleanup activities at one
or more sites contaminated by hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants, and/or petroleum. A
Cleanup Grant requires a 20 percent cost share,
which may be in the form of a contribution of money,
labor, material, or services, and must be for eligible
and allowable costs. Tribes, nonprofit organizations,
and government entities (with populations of 50,000
and fewer) may request a waiver of the 20 percent
cost share requirement based on hardship.
The performance period for Brownfield Cleanup
Grants is up to three years. In FY 2018, EPA awarded
40 Cleanup Grants totaling $5.4 million.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Carry out site cleanup activities.
¦	Oversee cleanup construction activities.
¦	Conduct environmental monitoring of cleanup work.
¦	Conduct health monitoring (local governments only).
¦	Monitor and enforce institutional controls (local
governments only).
¦	Purchase environmental insurance.
CDFA Number: 66.818
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning \ Assessment ^^^ffi^^^^^Redevelopment \
Multipurpose Grants
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
state and local governments; land clearance
authorities and other quasi-governmental entities;
government entities created by state legislature;
regional councils and groups of local governments;
redevelopment agencies; Indian tribes other than in
Alaska; Alaska Native Regional Corporations, Alaska
Native Village Corporations, and the Metlakatla Indian
Community; 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations; limited
liability corporations in which all managing members
are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or whose sole members are
501(c)(3) nonprofits; limited liability partnerships in
which all general partners are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or
whose sole members are 501(c)(3) nonprofits; and
qualified community development entities.
Limitations: The target area addressed by a
Multipurpose Grant must be located in the same
geographic area where eligible activities are taking
place, such as a neighborhood, neighboring towns,
a district, a corridor, or a shared planning area or
census tract. An applicant must own at least one
brownfield site within its target area where cleanup
activities may be conducted, as specified by the date
in the proposal guidelines.
https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/tvpes-brownfields-
grant-funding#tab-8
Availability: Multipurpose Grant applicants may
request up to $800,000 to carry out a range of eligible
brownfield planning, assessment, and cleanup
activities at one or more sites contaminated by
hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants,
and/or petroleum. A Multipurpose Grant requires a
$40,000 cost share, which may be in the form of a
contribution of money, labor, material, or services,
and must be for eligible and allowable costs.
The period of performance for a Brownfield Multipur-
pose Grant is five years. EPA expects the next round
of Multipurpose Grants will be available in FY 2021.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Develop inventories of brownfield sites.
¦	Prioritize sites.
¦	Conduct community involvement activities.
¦	Conduct environmental site assessments.
¦	Develop site-specific cleanup plans and reuse plans
related to brownfield sites.
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¦	Conduct cleanup activities on brownfield sites
owned by the applicant.
¦	Develop an overall plan for revitalization.
¦	Conduct health monitoring (local governments only).
¦	Monitor and enforce institutional controls (local
governments only).
¦	Purchase environmental insurance.
CFDA Number: 66.818
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
^^Redevelopment ^
Revolving Loan Fund Grants
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
state and local governments; land clearance
authorities and other quasi-governmental entities;
government entities created by state legislature;
regional councils and groups of local governments;
redevelopment agencies; Indian tribes other than in
Alaska; Alaska Native Regional Corporations, Alaska
Native Village Corporations, and the Metlakatla Indian
Community; 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations; limited
liability corporations in which all managing members
are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or whose sole members are
501(c)(3) nonprofits; limited liability partnerships in
which all general partners are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or
whose the sole members are 501(c)(3) nonprofits)
and qualified community development entities.
Coalitions and single applicants are eligible to submit
a proposal for a Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) Grant.
Limitations: RLF Grants provide funding to capitalize a
revolving loan fund, make low-interest or no-interest loans
for brownfield site cleanups, and provide subgrants
to eligible entities to carry out cleanup activities at
brownfield sites. At least 50 percent of the awarded
funds must be used to issue and execute loans.
https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/tvpes-brownfields-
grant-fundina#tab-3
Availability: Applicants may request up to $1 million
to capitalize an RLF. Coalitions of eligible entities may
apply together as one applicant for up to $1 million.
RLF Grants require applicants to provide a 20 percent
cost share, which may be in the form of a contribution
of money, labor, material, or services, and must be for
eligible and allowable costs. Applicants may request
a waiver of the 20 percent cost share requirement
based on hardship.
The performance period for Brownfield RLF Grants is
five years. In FY 2018, EPA awarded 11 Brownfield
Revolving Loan Fund Grants totaling approxi-
mately $8.7 million. EPA also awarded $15.7 million
in revolving loan fund supplemental funding to 33
high-performing Revolving Loan Fund Grant recipients
in FY 2018. RLF Grants typically are made available
every other year. EPA anticipates the next RLF Grant
solicitation request will be issued for FY 2020 funding.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Capitalize an RLF and provide low-interest or
no-interest loans and subgrants to carry out cleanup
activities at brownfield sites.
¦	Award subgrants to clean up sites contaminated
with petroleum and/or hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants (including hazardous
substances co-mingled with petroleum).
¦	Conduct programmatic management of the grant.
¦	Conduct program development and implementation
activities.
¦	Perform health monitoring activities at brownfield
sites (local governments only).
¦	Monitor and enforce institutional controls (local
governments only).
¦	Purchase environmental insurance (local
governments only).
CFDA Number: 66.818
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
) Assessment	Redevelopment )
Environmental Workforce Development and Job
Training Grants Program
EPA's Environmental Workforce Development and Job
Training (EWDJT) Grants Program aims to advance
principles of environmental justice by ensuring that
residents living in communities historically affected
by brownfield sites, and the economic disinvestment,
health disparities, and environmental contamination
that come along with them, are provided an opportunity
to take advantage of the benefits of jobs created from
revitalization efforts in these areas.
EPA provides funds to eligible entities to deliver
environmental workforce development and job
training programs that recruit and train unemployed
and underemployed residents of communities
impacted by the presence of brownfield sites, and
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place them in environmental jobs. EWDJT programs
focus on various aspects of hazardous and solid
waste management, as well as areas within the larger
environmental field, including sustainable cleanup
and reuse, water quality improvement, chemical
safety, and pesticide management.
As of FY 2018, EPA has funded 305 job training
grants totaling over $63 million through the EWDJT
Program. Since the Program's inception, more than
17,770 individuals have completed training. Of those,
over 13,100 individuals secured employment in the
environmental field, with an average starting wage of
over $14 an hour. This equates to a cumulative job
placement rate of 74 percent.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
state and local governments; land clearance authori-
ties and other quasi-governmental entities; government
entities created by state legislature; regional councils
or groups of local governments; redevelopment
agencies; Indian tribes other than in Alaska; Alaska
Native Regional Corporations, Alaska Native Village
Corporations, and the Metlakatla Indian Community;
501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations; limited liability
corporations in which all managing members are
501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations or whose sole
members are 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations; limited
liability partnership in which all general partners
are 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations or whose sole
members are 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations;
qualified community development entities; and other
nonprofit organizations that are operated mainly for
scientific, educational, service, charitable, or similar
purpose in the public interest; are not organized
primarily for profit; and use net proceeds to maintain,
improve, or expand the operation of the organization.
Workforce Investment Boards and organized labor
unions that meet the criteria may be eligible nonprofit
organizations. Public and nonprofit private educational
institutions are eligible to apply.
Limitations: Applicants must recruit unemployed or
underemployed individuals and train all participants
in OSHA's 40-hour Hazardous Waste Operations and
Emergency Response (HAZWOPER).
https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/tvpes-brownfields-
grant-fundina#tab-6
Availability: An eligible entity may apply for up to
$200,000 in EPA assistance. The performance period
is three years. EPA awarded approximately $3.4
million in EWDJT Grants to 17 communities in FY
2018. EPA anticipates the next EWDJT Grant solicita-
tion request will be issued for FY 2020 funding.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Recruit job training participants from communities
impacted by hazardous and/or solid waste facilities
and contaminated properties.
¦	Conduct job development outreach activities
directed toward engaging prospective employers
to become involved in the job training program and
hire graduates.
¦	Train residents of impacted communities in the
handling and removal of hazardous substances
and petroleum, including health and safety certifica-
tion training and training for jobs in environmental
sampling, analysis, and site remediation.
¦	Train participants in the assessment, inventory,
analysis, and remediation of sites or facilities at
which hazardous substances, pollutants, contami-
nants, and petroleum are located, transported, or
disposed of, including training for jobs in environ-
mental sampling, demolition, underground storage
tank removal, groundwater extraction, and site
remediation associated with brownfields.
¦	Train participants in solid waste management or
cleanup; Superfund site cleanup and innovative
and alternative treatment technologies; wastewater
treatment; emergency planning, preparedness,
and response; enhanced environmental health and
safety; and integrated pest management.
¦	Train participants in use of compost and soil
amendments, plus associated sampling, testing,
design considerations, and management techniques
to support the assessment and cleanup of sites for
urban agriculture and horticulture; and in planning
and conducting ecological restoration of contami-
nated land and reuse of biosolids and other industry
residuals associated with remediation of contami-
nated lands or solid waste facilities.
¦	Train participants in the requirements and conduct
of "all appropriate inquiries" and due diligence,
which can be defined as the process of evaluating a
property for the potential presence of environmental
contamination and assessing potential liability for
any contamination present at the property.
¦	Provide skills in innovative technologies, green
remediation techniques, recycling of demolition
materials, installation of solar panels and other
renewable energy systems, preparation of sites
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for water or stormwater management systems,
low-impact development, LEED certification, and
other relevant activities.
CFDA Number: 66.815
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Redevelopmer
State and Tribal Response Program Grants
Section 128(a) of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA),
as amended, authorizes a noncompetitive $50 million
grant program to establish and enhance state and
tribal response programs. State and tribal response
programs oversee assessment and cleanup activities
at brownfield sites across the country. CERCLA 128(a)
response program grants are funded with categorical
State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) appropria-
tions. Section 128(a) cooperative agreements are
awarded and administered by EPA Regional offices.
The four required elements of a state or tribal response
program are: (1) timely survey and inventory of
brownfield sites on state or tribal land; (2) oversight
and enforcement authorities or other mechanisms and
resources; (3) mechanisms and resources to provide
meaningful opportunities for public participation; and
(4) mechanisms for approval of cleanup plans and
verification and certification that cleanup is complete.
State and tribal recipients may use the funding to start
or enhance a new response program and to meet
public record requirements established in the statute.
States and tribes also may use funding to increase
the number of sites at which response actions are
conducted or perform activities that add or improve a
response program. In addition, the funds can be used to
oversee cleanups, conduct site-specific activities, and
purchase environmental insurance or other insurance
mechanisms to provide financing for cleanup activities.
Eligibility Requirements: To be eligible for funding,
a state or tribe must: (1) demonstrate that its
response program includes, or is taking reasonable
steps to include, the four elements of a response
program, or be a party to a voluntary response
program Memorandum of Agreement with EPA; and
(2) maintain and make available to the public a record
of sites at which response actions were completed
in the previous year and which are planned to be
addressed in the coming year.
Limitations:
¦	Absent EPA approval, states and tribes cannot
allocate more than $200,000 per site for
assessments, and no more than $200,000 per site
can be used for cleanups.
¦	A state or tribe may not use the awarded funds
to assess and clean up sites that are owned or
operated by the recipient or held in trust by the U.S.
government for the recipient.
¦	In most cases, assessments and cleanups cannot
be conducted at sites where the state or tribe is a
potentially responsible party (see grant guidance for
exceptions).
¦	Subgrants cannot be awarded to entities that may
be potentially responsible parties under CERCLA.
https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/tvpes-brownfields-
grant-fundina#tab-7
Availability: For FY 2019, EPA considered funding
requests of up to $1 million per state or tribe.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Develop legislation, regulations, procedures, and
guidance, to establish or enhance the administrative
and legal structure of a response program.
¦	Establish and maintain the required public record.
¦	Capitalize an RLF for brownfield site cleanups.
¦	Purchase environmental insurance or develop a
risk-sharing pool, indemnity pool, or insurance
mechanism to provide financing for response
actions under a state or tribal response program.
¦	Conduct limited site-specific activities, such as
assessment or cleanup, provided such activities
establish and/or enhance the response program
and are tied to the four elements.
CFDA Number: 66.817
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Redevelopmenl
State and Tribal Response Programs—Small
Technical Assistance Grants
Section 128(a)(1 )(B)(ii)(l 11) of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended, authorizes a
noncompetitive $1.5 million grant program to assist
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small communities, Indian tribes, rural areas, or
disadvantaged areas to carry out section CERCLA
104(k)(7) (by providing training, research, and
technical assistance to individuals and organizations,
as appropriate, to facilitate the inventory of brownfield
sites, site assessments, remediation of brownfield
sites, community involvement, or site preparation).
Eligibility Requirements: To be eligible for funding,
a state or tribe must propose a project that will assist
communities with populations of 15,000 or fewer,
Indian tribes, rural areas, or disadvantaged areas,
which are defined as communities with an annual
median household income that is less than 80 percent
of the statewide annual median household income.
Limitations: Only one proposal per applicant is allowed
each year. The proposed community benefitting from
the grant needs to show it supports the state or tribe that
is applying for a grant on its behalf. These funds may
not be placed in Performance Partnership Grants.
https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/tvpes-brownfields-
grant-fundina#tab-7
Availability: The maximum amount of funding
allowed per community is $20,000.
CFDA Number: 66.817
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment
Cleai
nup
Redevelopmer
Technical Assistance
Targeted Brownfields Assessments Program
EPA's Targeted Brownfields Assessments (TBA)
Program is designed to minimize the uncertainties
of contamination often associated with brownfield
sites. The program is tailored to entities that do not
have EPA Brownfields Assessment Grants. TBA is
not a grant program, and EPA does not provide TBA
funding directly to the entity requesting the services.
The TBA program provides technical services
through an EPA contractor to conduct environmental
assessment activities. TBA assistance is available
through two sources: directly from EPA through
programs administered by EPA Regional brownfields
offices, and from state or tribal voluntary response
programs using funds provided by EPA.
Eligibility Requirements: TBA funds may be
used only at properties eligible for EPA brownfields
funding. Property owners can include state, local,
and tribal governments; general purpose units of
local government; land clearance authorities and
other quasi-governmental entities; regional councils
and redevelopment agencies; states; and nonprofit
organizations.
Limitations: Unless there is a clear means of
recouping EPA expenditures, EPA generally will not
fund TBAs at properties where the owner is responsi-
ble for the contamination. The TBA program does
not provide resources to conduct cleanup or building
demolition activities.
https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/targeted-brownfields-
assessments-tba
Availability: The TBA selection process varies
with each EPA Region and by each state and tribal
voluntary response program. The selection process is
guided by Regional and state/tribe criteria.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	An "all appropriate inquiries" Phase I environmental
site assessment, including a historical investigation
and a preliminary site inspection.
¦	A more in-depth (Phase II) environmental site
assessment, including sampling activities to identify
the types and concentrations of contaminants and
the areas of contamination to be cleaned.
¦	Evaluation of cleanup options and/or cost estimates
based on future uses and redevelopment plans.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Cleanup ) Redevelopmenl
Outreach/Technical Assistance
Technical Assistance to Brownfields Communities
Program
Under the Technical Assistance to Brownfields
(TAB) Communities program, EPA awards grants
to organizations that provide geographically based
technical assistance and training on brownfield issues
to communities and other stakeholders. The goal is to
increase community understanding and involvement
in brownfield site cleanup and redevelopment. Each
TAB grant recipient serves as an independent source
of information for communities seeking to increase
their understanding of the health and other impacts of
brownfield sites; the science and technology relating
to brownfield site assessment, cleanup, and site
preparation activities; brownfields finance questions;
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and integrated approaches to brownfield site cleanup
and redevelopment. Further, TAB grant recipients
reach out to engage communities through workshops,
electronic and print media, training, and coaching on
grant application strategies.
In FY 2016, EPA awarded five-year TAB Grants to
three organizations to offer these services directly to
communities in their respective geographic regions.
TAB grant recipients (through FY 2021) are:
EPA Regions 1, 3 and 4: The New Jersey Institute of
Technology: http://www.niit.edu/tab
EPA Regions 2, 9, and 10: Center for Creative Land
Recycling: http://www.cclr.ora/technical-assistance
EPA Regions 5, 6, 7, and 8: Kansas State University:
https://www.ksutab.ora/
Eligibility Requirements: Entities facing brownfield
challenges can determine whether financial or
technical assistance is available by contacting the
TAB grant recipient that supports their geographic
area. Eligible entities include state and local
governments; land clearance authorities and other
quasi-governmental entities; government entities
created by state legislature; regional councils and
groups of local governments; redevelopment agencies;
nonprofit organizations; Indian tribes other than in
Alaska; Alaska Native Regional Corporations, Alaska
Native Village Corporations, and the Metlakatla Indian
Community; 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations; limited
liability corporations in which all managing members
are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or whose sole members are
501(c)(3) nonprofits; limited liability partnerships in
which all general partners are 501(c)(3) nonprofits or
whose sole members are 501(c)(3) nonprofits; and
qualified community development entities.
Availability: Most TAB services are provided free of
charge, but applicants should check with their specific
TAB providers.
Uses/Applications Include: TAB grant recipients can
assist brownfields communities in the following areas:
¦	Reviewing and explaining brownfields-related
technical reports.
¦	Providing information about basic science, environ-
mental policy, and other technical matters related to
brownfield sites.
¦	Explaining health risks associated with a brownfield
property.
¦	Helping to identify financing options for brownfield
projects.
¦	Explaining or interpreting scientific information or
environmental policy.
¦	Providing information to help the community
understand environmental issues and how they
affect brownfield site cleanup and redevelopment.
¦	Facilitating brownfield redevelopment efforts by
supporting community and other stakeholder
involvement activities.
¦	Sponsoring a workshop.
¦	Holding a webinar or providing other web-based tools.
¦	Answering questions posted on a website, or
providing information through a newsletter, resource
center, or case studies.
https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/brownfields-technical-
assistance-trainina-and-research#TAB
Training; Research and Technical Assistance Grants
tor Browntieids Communities
EPA awards grants that support training, research, and
technical assistance on issues of interest to communi-
ties challenged by brownfield issues. The following
organizations are actively supporting communities
across the country by proving technical assistance on
brownfields funding/financing, equitable development
approaches, job training capacity building, and calculat-
ing the benefits of brownfield site cleanup and reuse.
Council of Development Finance Agencies (CDFA^
Offers free technical assistance to any community
interested in how to finance economic development
on brownfield sites. Resources include financing
toolkit, webinar series (with archives of past sessions
available), and direct technical assistance opportuni-
ties that connect brownfields project and develop-
ment finance experts through project marketplaces
and on-site project response teams to communities
requesting such support.
https://www.cdfabrownfields.org/ (project funded
through FY 2020)
Groundwork USA
Offers free technical assistance to communities
trying to incorporate equitable development and
environmental justice into their brownfield projects.
Groundwork can aid in the development of tactical,
locally based work groups and partnerships that
jointly lead efforts on brownfield redevelopment,
and design and sequence near- and long-term
place-based strategies, in response to community
needs.
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https://aroundworkusa.org/ta-services/eauitable-
development-brownfields-plannina/ (project funded
through FY 2020)
Hazardous Materials Training and Research Institute
(HMTRh
Offers free technical assistance to current and
prospective Environmental Workforce Development
and Job Training Grant recipients. HMTRI provides
the knowledge and tools necessary to maximize
environmental job development, education, and
employment opportunities related to brownfield site
cleanup and redevelopment.
https://brownfields-toolbox.org/ (project funded
through FY 2019)
University of Louisville
The University of Louisville is performing research
to develop a brownfield benefits calculator and a
mobile app that will assist communities with collecting
local information. Once developed, communities can
use the tool to explore economic and environmen-
tal effects of potential brownfield reuse decisions.
The team will develop and pilot-test a Brownfields
Community Benefits Assessment Toolkit (BCBAT).
http://louisville.edu/cepm/welcome-to-the-center-
for-environmental-policv-and-management/proiects/
brownfields-and-safe-soil/welcome-to-the-brownfields-
communitv-benefits-proiect-page (project funded
through FY 2020)
Kansas State University
Kansas State University (KSU) helps tribes across the
country identify solutions for assessing and cleaning
up brownfield sites, developing reuse plans, and
financing options. KSU also helps tribes develop peer
networks to share ideas about brownfield issues. With
KSU's help, tribes can build tribal response programs
to develop integrated approaches to brownfield site
cleanup and reuse, while considering the links between
environmental, economic, cultural, and social issues.
https://www.ksutab.org/ (project funded through FY
2022)
OFFICE OF WATER
EPA's Office of Water (OW) ensures that drinking
water is safe, and restores and maintains oceans,
watersheds, and their aquatic ecosystems to protect
human health, support economic and recreational
activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants,
and wildlife.
OW is responsible for implementing the Clean Water
Act and Safe Drinking Water Act. OW also implements
portions of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
Amendments of 1990; Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act; Ocean Dumping Ban Act; Shore
Protection Act; Marine Plastics Pollution Research
and Control Act; London Dumping Convention; Marine
Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act; Interna-
tional Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships; and several other statutes.
Headquartered in Washington, DC, OW works with
EPA's 10 Regional offices, other federal agencies, state
and local governments, tribes, the regulated community,
organized professional and interest groups, land
owners and managers, and the public. OW provides
guidance, specifies scientific methods and data
collection requirements, performs oversight, and
facilitates communication among those involved. OW
also helps the states and tribes build capacity. In some
cases, OW delegates implementation and enforcement
activities for water programs to states and tribes.
Financial Assistance
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
Communities that have brownfields and suffer from
water quality impairment may be able to access and
use monies from the Clean Water State Revolving
Funds (CWSRFs) to correct or prevent water quality
problems at such properties. Through the CWSRF
program, each state and Puerto Rico maintains a
revolving loan fund to provide low-cost financing for
a wide range of water quality infrastructure projects.
Funds to establish or capitalize the CWSRF programs
are provided through federal government grants
and state matching funds (equal to 20 percent of
federal government grants). Today, all 50 states and
Puerto Rico operate successful CWSRF programs.
In FY 2018, EPA provided $6.8 billion through the
CWSRF to fund water quality protection projects
for wastewater treatment, nonpoint source pollution
control, and watershed and estuary management.
Building on a federal investment of $43 billion, the
state CWSRFs have provided more than $133 billion
to communities through 2018. States have provided
more than 39,948 low-interest loans to protect public
health, protect valuable aquatic resources, and meet
environmental standards benefiting hundreds of
millions of people.
States operate and can design CWSRF programs to
address their own priorities and may include a variety
of assistance options, including loans, refinanc-
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ing, purchasing, or guaranteeing local debt and
purchasing bond insurance. Nationally, interest rates
for CWSRF loans average 1.5 percent, compared
to market rates that average 3.5 percent. CWSRFs
can fund 100 percent of the project cost and provide
flexible repayment terms up to 30 years or useful life,
whichever is less. States also can provide additional
subsidization assistance for some communities.
States have the flexibility to target resources to their
particular environmental needs, including brownfields
remediation, treatment of contaminated runoff from
urban and agricultural areas, wetlands restoration,
estuary management, and wastewater treatment.
States are responsible for the operation of their
CWSRF program. Under the CWSRF, states may
provide various types of assistance, including loans,
refinancing, purchasing, or guaranteeing local debt
and purchasing bond insurance. States also may
set specific loan terms, including interest rates from
zero percent to market rate, and repayment periods
of up to 30 years. States have the flexibility to target
financial resources to specific communities and
environmental needs.
CWSRF monies can be loaned to communities, and
loan repayments are recycled back into the program
to fund additional water quality protection projects.
The revolving nature of these programs provides an
ongoing funding source that will last indefinitely.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligibility for funding varies
by state. State agencies provide direct CWSRF
assistance to cities and towns. Contact the CWSRF
program in your state for information on how to apply.
https://www.epa.aov/cwsrf/learn-about-clean-water-
state-revolvina-fund-cwsrf
Limitations: States set CWSRF funding priorities and
project approvals.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to EPA's
annual budget and resources. For current status,
please visit the website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Excavation and disposal of underground storage
tanks.
¦	Constructed wetlands.
¦	Well abandonment.
¦	Site assessment.
¦	Cleanup of contaminated groundwater or surface
water.
¦	Environmental insurance premiums.
¦	Collection/remediation of contaminated stormwater
generated at a site.
Using a combination of federal and state funds,
state CWSRF programs provide loans to eligible
recipients to:
¦	Construct municipal wastewater facilities.
¦	Control nonpoint sources of pollution.
¦	Build decentralized wastewater treatment systems.
¦	Create stormwater, including green infrastructure,
projects.
¦	Protect estuaries.
¦	Assist in water reuse.
¦	Fund other water quality projects (such as energy
efficiency, water conservation, and security
measures).
See the fact sheet on Funding Brownfield Remediation
with Clean Water State Revolving Fund.
https://www.epa.gov/cwsrf
CFDA Number: 66.458
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF)
was established by the 1996 Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) Amendments. The DWSRF provides
loans to publicly and privately owned public water
systems. The loans can be used for infrastructure
improvements needed to protect public health and
ensure compliance with the SDWA. The DWSRF is
a state-run program that works similarly to a bank,
providing below-market rate loans to communities,
public utilities, and private companies for drinking
water projects that meet the program's criteria.
Federal and state contributions capitalize the loan
programs, which exist in all 50 states and Puerto Rico.
In addition to providing loans, states may set aside
up to 31 percent of their DWSRF grants to finance a
variety of activities, such as encouraging improved
water system management and performance, and
helping public water systems prevent contamination
through source water protection measures.
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Annually, DWSRF programs provide about $2.8 billion
in assistance to drinking water projects. Building on
a federal investment of $19.9 billion, state DWSRFs
have provided more than $38.2 billion to water
systems through 2018. Nationally, interest rates for
DWSRF loans average 1.6 percent, compared to
market rates that average 3.3 percent. DWSRFs
can fund 100 percent of the project cost and provide
flexible repayment terms up to 20 years, or 30 years
in the case of disadvantaged communities. States
also can provide additional subsidization assistance
for some communities. Using the loan fund and
set-asides, state DWSRF programs can provide
financial assistance in a variety of ways to support the
rehabilitation of brownfield sites across the country.
In response to a public health risk, state DWSRFs can
loan money to water systems for the infrastructure costs
needed to provide a brownfield site with safe drinking
water, if certain conditions are met. States should
consider the criteria described in the online resources
below to determine whether a brownfield-related
drinking water project is eligible for a DWSRF loan.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligibility for funding varies
by state. State agencies provide direct DWSRF
assistance to communities. Contact the DWSRF
program in your state for information on how to apply.
https://www.epa.oov/drinkinowatersrf/how-drinkino-
water-state-revolvina-fund-works#tab-4
Limitations: States set DWSRF funding priorities and
project approvals.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to EPA's
annual budget and resources. For current status,
please visit the website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Improving drinking water treatment.
¦	Fixing leaky or old pipes (water distribution).
¦	I mproving source of water supply.
¦	Replacing or constructing finished water storage
tanks.
¦	Interconnecting two or more water systems (consoli-
dation).
¦	Other infrastructure projects (including security,
efficiency, and green infrastructure elements)
needed to protect public health.
https ://www. epa. aov/d ri n ki n awate rs rf
Using the DWSRF to Support Brownfield Redevel-
opment (Factsheet): https://www.epa.aov/sites/
production/files/2016-01/documents/epa816f06044.pdf
CFDA Number: 66.468
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
) Assessment ) Cleanup
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act
(WIFIA) Program
The Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Act (WIFIA) program is an EPA-administered federal
credit program that provides long-term, low-cost
supplemental loans for regionally and nationally
significant water infrastructure projects. The WIFIA
program was established by the Water Infrastruc-
ture Finance and Innovation Act of 2014. Borrowers
benefit from receiving low, fixed interest rate loans
with flexible financial terms.
In 2018, the WIFIA program closed seven loans
totaling nearly $2 billion that help finance over $4
billion in water infrastructure projects. WIFIA loans
will save borrowers approximately $705 million.
The WIFIA program invited 39 projects in 16 states
and Washington, DC, to apply for financing in 2018.
The borrowers will receive up to $5 billion in loans
to finance over $10 billion in water infrastructure
investments.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible borrowers include
local, state, tribal, and federal government entities;
partnerships and joint ventures; corporations and trusts;
and Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund (SRF) programs. EPA announces the availability
of funding and the application process in the Federal
Register and on its website (www.epa.gov/wifia').
Limitations: Water infrastructure projects must have
a minimum size of $20 million for large communities
and $5 million for small communities with a population
of 25,000 or fewer. The WIFIA loan can fund no more
than 49 percent of eligible project costs.
Availability: For FY19, Congress provided $60
million in budget authority for the WIFIA program to
cover the subsidy required to provide a much larger
amount of credit assistance. EPA estimates that this
budget authority may provide approximately $6 billion
in credit assistance and may finance approximately
$12 billion in water infrastructure investment.
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Uses/Applications Include:
WIFIA can fund development and implementation
activities for eligible projects, including:
¦	Wastewater conveyance and treatment projects.
¦	Drinking water treatment and distribution projects.
¦	Enhanced energy efficiency projects at drinking
water and wastewater facilities.
¦	Brackish or seawater desalination, aquifer recharge,
and water recycling projects.
¦	Drought prevention, reduction, or mitigation projects.
¦	Acquisition of property if it is integral to the project or
will mitigate the environmental impact of a project.
¦	A combination of eligible projects secured by a
common security pledge or submitted under one
application by an SRF program.
https://www.epa.aov/wifia
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Urban Waters Small Grants Program
The Urban Waters Small Grants program funds projects
that address urban runoff pollution through diverse
partnerships that produce multiple community benefits,
with emphasis on underserved communities. These
projects help grant recipients protect and restore urban
waters, improve water quality, and support community
revitalization. Since the inception of the Urban Waters
Small Grants Program in 2012, the program has
awarded approximately $6.6 million in grants to 114
organizations across the country and Puerto Rico. The
grants are competed and awarded every two years,
with individual award amounts of up to $60,000.
In October 2016, EPA awarded approximately $1.3
million to 22 organizations in 18 states to help
protect and restore urban waters, improve water
quality, and support community revitalization and
other local priorities. Projects awarded address local
water quality issues related to urban runoff pollution,
provide additional community benefits, actively engage
underserved communities, and foster partnerships.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include
states, local governments, tribes, public and private
universities and colleges, public or private nonprofit
institutions or organizations, intertribal consortia, and
interstate agencies.
Limitations: Currently there is no open Request for
Proposals for additional Urban Waters Small Grants.
Any future grant competitions will be announced on
the OW website.
Availability: The Urban Waters Small Grants are
competed and awarded every two years. The last
round of grants was awarded in October 2016.
Uses/Applications Include: In general, projects
should meet the following four program objectives:
¦	Address local water quality issues related to urban
runoff pollution.
¦	Provide additional community benefits.
¦	Actively engage underserved communities.
¦	Foster partnerships.
Grantees listed by state, year, or location can
be found at: https://www.epa.aov/urbanwaters/
urban-waters-small-arants
CFDA Number: 66.440
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ) Assessment \ Cleanup
Technical Assistance
Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center
[Water Finance Center)
EPA's Water Finance Center is an information and
assistance center that helps communities identify
financing approaches and make informed decisions
for drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater
infrastructure to protect human health and the
environment.
The center seeks to accelerate and improve the
quality of water infrastructure by promoting:
¦	Effective use of federal funding programs.
¦	Leading-edge financing solutions.
¦	Innovative procurement and partnership strategies.
¦	Collaborative financial guidance and technical
assistance efforts.
¦	Clearinghouses of information to support effective
decision-making.
The center does not fund water infrastructure projects.
https://www.epa.aov/waterfinancecenter
Assessment
Cleanup
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OFFICE OF COMMUNITY REVITALIZATION
Located within EPA's Office of Policy, the Office
of Community Revitalization (OCR, formerly the
Office Sustainable Communities) is a non-regulatory
program that works with communities to support
locally led, community-driven efforts to revitalize local
economies and improve environmental and human
health outcomes.
To accomplish this work, OCR collaborates and
partners with other EPA programs; federal agencies;
regional, state, and local governments; and a broad
array of nongovernmental and private sectors entities.
OCR connects communities, regions, and states to
additional resources and opportunities to leverage
public and private sector investments.
OCR can provide technical assistance at the request of
a community on issues such as diversifying economies
and revitalizing main streets through local and regional
food systems, broadband infrastructure investments,
light manufacturing, health care organizations, and
other community assets; disaster recovery and
resilience; and green and complete street designs.
Communities typically request OCR's assistance
to help them make more informed decisions about
growth and development strategies. OCR is able to
connect communities to national experts, who work
with a range of stakeholders to identify planning and
policy options that help protect human health and
the environment, foster economic opportunities, and
provide attractive and affordable neighborhoods for
people of all income levels.
OCR's community support efforts include:
¦	Working with tribes, states, regions, and communi-
ties through grants and technical assistance.
¦	Conducting research, and producing tools, reports,
and other publications.
¦	Bringing together diverse interests to encourage
better growth and development.
¦	Providing technical assistance and support on
multiple topics of community concern.
Technical Assistance
Building Blocks for Sustainable Communities
The Building Blocks for Sustainable Communities
program provides targeted technical assistance to
selected communities on a variety of topics. EPA
delivers this program to strengthen local capacity
to implement sustainable approaches. Technical
assistance is delivered by EPA staff and EPA-hired
consultant teams. Each technical assistance project
includes:
¦	Public engagement through a one- to two-day
workshop.
¦	Direct consultation with relevant decision-makers.
¦	A memo outlining specific steps the community
could take to implement the ideas generated during
the workshop.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants are local,
county, or tribal governments, or nonprofit organiza-
tions that have the support of the local government
on whose behalf they are applying. Letters of interest
must be accompanied by a short letter of support
signed by a mayor, city manager, elected official, tribal
leader, or other official government representative of
the community. Applicants must be located in, and
project activities must be conducted within, the United
States, Puerto Rico, or a territory or possession of the
United States. Regional councils of governments are
encouraged to learn about the program, especially in
selected communities, but the assistance is directed
toward one jurisdiction.
Limitations: EPA provides direct assistance through
a federal contract; no funds are transferred to the
community.
Availability: Applications are accepted only during
open solicitation periods, which are announced on
OCR's website. Past solicitations have occurred on
roughly an annual basis. Solicitations for another
round will depend on future funding.
https://www.epa.aov/smartarowth/buildina-blocks-
sustainable-communities
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
A Assessment \ Cleanup \ Redevelopment ^
Local Foods, Local Places
The Local Foods, Local Places program supports
locally led, community-driven efforts to protect air and
water quality, preserve open space and farmland,
boost economic opportunities for local farmers and
businesses, improve access to healthy local foods,
and promote childhood wellness. Local Foods, Local
Places aims to support projects that do the following:
¦ Create livable, walkable, economically vibrant main
streets and mixed-use neighborhoods.
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¦	Boost economic opportunities for local farmers and
main street businesses.
¦	Improve access to healthy, local foods, especially
among disadvantaged populations.
In 2019, the program is supported by EPA, the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Northern
Border Regional Commission.
Eligibility Requirements: Local governments, Indian
tribes, and nonprofit institutions and organizations
proposing to work in a neighborhood, town, or city
of any size anywhere in the United States are eligible
to apply. Larger cities are encouraged to focus on a
particular neighborhood rather than a citywide project.
Many of the communities selected will be economically
challenged and in the early phases of their efforts to
promote local foods and community revitalization.
Limitations: EPA provides direct assistance through
a federal contract; no funds are transferred to the
community. Selected communities receive assistance
in the form of a site visit from a team of experts
to help them develop and implement action plans
promoting local foods and neighborhood revitalization.
Availability: Applications are accepted only during
open solicitation periods, which are announced on
OCR's website. Past solicitations have occurred on
roughly an annual basis. Solicitations for another
round will depend on future funding.
https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/local-foods-local-places
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Healthy Places for Healthy People
Healthy Places for Healthy People helps communities
create walkable, healthy, economically vibrant places
that improve human health and the environment by
engaging with their health care facility partners such
as community health centers (including Federally
Qualified Health Centers), nonprofit hospitals, and
other health care facilities. Health care facilities can
promote preventive health care and help create
vibrant, thriving communities by:
¦	Providing primary care and preventive services to
those who do not have access to care.
¦	Promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles through
activities such as supporting downtown farmers
markets, co-op markets, and community gardens
that provide access to fresh, healthy, local foods.
¦	Creating physical activity programs and supporting
sidewalks, bike paths, trails, and parks in the
community that promote active living.
¦	Contributing to economic development and
downtown revitalization by locating health centers,
hospital facilities, and associated programs in
walkable, compact neighborhoods and central
business districts that are accessible via a range of
transportation options.
¦	Supporting local entrepreneurs who have business
ideas that will contribute to a healthy community
and create economic opportunities for residents.
¦	Working with partners and stakeholders in various
sectors to use health as an economic driver for a
local, thriving economy and a healthy community.
¦	Fostering collaboration between workforce develop-
ment and economic development initiatives to
renovate and repurpose abandoned downtown
buildings into new health center sites, affordable
housing, retail, and other community assets.
Healthy Places for Healthy People provides selected
communities with expert planning assistance that
centers around a two-day community workshop.
A team of experts will help community members
develop an implementable action plan that will focus
on health as an economic driver and catalyst for
downtown and neighborhood revitalization.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants
include local government representatives, health
care facilities, local health departments, neighbor-
hood associations, Main Street districts, nonprofit
organizations, tribes, and others proposing to work in
a neighborhood, town, or city located anywhere in the
United States.
¦	Applications that include representatives from
both the community (local government or
non-governmental organization) and a health care
facility will receive special consideration.
¦	Applications that demonstrate existing or new
partnerships among multi-sector partners and a
health care facility to promote community revital-
ization and economic development will be given
special consideration.
¦	Special consideration also will be given to
communities that are economically distressed and/
or underserved.
Limitations: EPA provides direct assistance through
a federal contract; no funds are transferred to the
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SNAPSHOT - BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT REVITALIZATION,
SAN FRANCISCO, CA
r
Between 2012 and July 201 7, EPA's Brownfields Program invested over $2 million in the revitalization of the
Bayview Hunters Point community of San Francisco. By 201 7, EPA's investment had leveraged over $6.5
million from other sources for property cleanup, design, and planning in preparation for the multi-million-
dollar future development of India Basin Waterfront Park and revitalization of the surrounding community.
EPA's support for the Bayview Hunters Point revitalization project Pegan with assistance for planning and
assessment of Prownfields in the target area. Using an EPA Brownfields Area-Wide Planning Grant, the San
Francisco Parks Alliance worked with the city to develop the Blue Greenway Brownfields Area-Wide Plan
and identify priority sites for redevelopment along the 13-mile Blue Greenway target area. As a result of
the Blue Greenway Brownfields Area-Wide Plan, the city asked EPA for $130,000 in technical assistance
services, which included conducting environmental sampling and reuse planning for the city's
priority property in the India Basin Waterfront Park at 900 Innes Avenue. EPA also provided site-specific
recommendations on how to manage stormwater runoff and plan property cleanup for sea level rise.
EPA's analysis will inform the eventual design of the India Basin Waterfront Park and is transferraPle to
other Pay shore developments in Bayview Hunters Point.
The city used a $400,000 Brownfields Assessment Grant to identify and assess Prownfields along the Blue
Greenway corridor, collect community input, and develop a wetlands revegetation guide for contami-
nated shoreline areas. The city also used $750,000 in EPA Brownfields Cleanup Grants to clean up the
soil and the historic Shipwright's Cottage at 900 Innes Avenue. EPA's investment also included three
consecutive EPA JoP Training Grants, totaling $600,000, to the nonprofit Hunters Point Family, to provide
professional training to unemployed adults from the Bayview Hunters Point community in environmental
cleanup and sustainaPle development.
community. Selected communities receive assistance
in the form of a site visit from a team of experts to
help them develop and implement an action plan.
Availability: Applications are accepted only during
open solicitation periods, which will be announced
on OCR's website. Past solicitations have occurred
on roughly an annual basis. Solicitations for another
round will depend on future funding.
https://www.epa.aov/smartarowth/healthv-places-
healthv-people
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Cleanup
Recreation Economy for Rural Communities
This program is a partnership of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, U.S. Forest Service, and
Northern Border Regional Commission to provide
planning assistance to communities interested
in revitalizing their Main Streets through outdoor
recreation. Partner communities work with a planning
assistance team to bring together local residents and
other stakeholders, and decide on an action plan to
84 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide
support the outdoor recreation economy and main
street revitalization. The planning assistance process
is approximately four to six months, with a focal point
being a two-day facilitated community workshop.
Participants will work together to identify a vision,
goals, and specific actions. In addition to helping local
partners convene and host the workshop, the planning
assistance team conducts research, shares case
studies, provides coaching, and facilitates communica-
tion with federal agencies and other partners.
Eligibility Requirements: Any community is welcome
to apply to participate in Recreation Economy for Rural
Communities planning assistance. Special consideration
is given to small towns, economically disadvantaged
communities such as those in Opportunity Zones, and
communities in the Northern Border Region.
Limitations: EPA provides planning assistance; no
funds are transferred to the community. Selected
communities receive assistance in the form of a site
visit from a team of experts to help them develop and
implement an action plan.
Availability: Applications are accepted only during
open solicitation periods, which will be announced
on OCR's website. Solicitations typically occur on an

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annual basis. An open solicitation period is expected
to take place in 2019. Solicitations for future years will
depend on funding availability.
Uses/Applications Include: Partner communities
are encouraged to pursue any range of activities
that would foster environmentally friendly community
development and main street revitalization through
the conservation and sustainable use of forests or
other natural resources. Examples include:
¦	Ensuring local residents, including young people,
have connections and opportunities with regard to
nearby outdoor assets, to foster community pride,
good stewardship, and local economic benefits.
¦	Developing or expanding trail networks to attract
overnight visitors and new businesses, and foster
use by local residents.
¦	Developing in-town amenities, such as broadband
service, quality housing, or local shops, restaurants,
or breweries, to serve local residents and help
attract new visitors and residents with an interest in
nearby outdoor assets.
¦	Marketing Main Street as a gateway to nearby
natural lands to capture and amplify outdoor
recreation dollars.
¦	Developing a community consensus on the
management of outdoor assets, in order to reduce
potential conflicts and ensure sustainable use of
resources.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assess mer
Cleam
Other Smart Growth Technical Assistance Programs
OCR offers other technical assistance programs,
including:
Governors' Institute on Community Design
Technical assistance, delivered through a grantee,
to help governors and their staffs make informed
decisions about investments and policy decisions that
influence the economic health and physical develop-
ment of their states.
https://www.epa.oov/smartorowth/oovernors-institute-
communitv-desian
Greening America's Communities
To help cities and towns develop an implementable
vision of environmentally friendly neighborhoods that
incorporate innovative green infrastructure and other
sustainable design strategies. EPA provides design
assistance to help support sustainable communities
that protect the environment, economy, and public
health, and to inspire local and state leaders to
expand this work elsewhere.
https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/greening-americas-
communities
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Aimee Storm
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Brownfields and Land Revitalization
MC 5105T
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
202-566-0633
storm.aimee@epa.gov
Sonia Brubaker
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center
MC 4201C
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
202-564-0120
brubaker.sonia@epa.gov
Clark Wilson
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Sustainable Communities
MC 1807T
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
202-566-2880
wilson.clark@epa.gov
Main Site
http://www.epa.gov
Office of Brownfields and Land Revitalization
https://www.epa.gov/brownfields
Office of Water (Main site)
https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-office-water
Office of Community Revitalization
https://www.epa.gov/communitv-revitalization
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 85

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Federal Housing Finance Agency
FHFA
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The Federal Housing Finance Aaencv (FHFA)'s
mission is to ensure the Federal National Mortgage
Association (Fannie Mae), the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), the 11 banks
in the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) System,
and their Office of Finance operate in a safe and
sound manner, and serve as a reliable source
of liquidity and funding for housing finance and
community investment.
FHFA was created on July 30, 2008, when the
Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
became law. This law amended the Federal Housing
Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of
1992 to place regulation of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac,
and the FHLBank System under a single regulator,
enhance supervision of these regulated entities,
and enhance FHFA's authorities as conservator or
receiver. FHFA regulates the FHLBanks, which are
government-chartered, member-owned corporations.
As of September 30, 2016, the FHLBank System had
nearly 7,200 members, including community banks,
commercial banks, credit unions, community develop-
ment financial institutions, and insurance companies,
as well as national banks and federal savings
associations. Each member is a shareholder in one of
the FHLBanks.
The FHLBanks support community development
through a range of activities, such as providing
members with secured short-term and long-term
funds (called "advances") and grants. Members use
these funds to help finance qualifying residential
mortgages or community economic development
activities, including brownfield redevelopment projects
eligible for a brownfield tax credit. Only FHLBank
members and housing associates (state agencies)
are eligible for advances from their respective
FHLBank.
Brownfields Connections
FHLBank community development programs
include the Affordable Housing Program (AHP),
the Community Investment Program (CIP), and
the Community Investment Cash Advances (CICA)
program. The AHP is a housing program, while the
CIP can be used both for housing and for targeted
community development. The CICA program is used
only for targeted community development. Although
these programs were not designed exclusively for
brownfield development or tax credits, they can be
used to help finance these types of projects. Each
FHLBank offers the AHP, CIP, and CICA programs.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Affordable Housing Program
The Affordable Housing Program (AHP), which
FHLBanks fund annually with 10 percent of their
net income, includes two programs: the Competi-
tive Application Program and the Set-Aside Program
for Homeownership. The Competitive Application
Program subsidizes the cost of owner-occupied
housing for individuals and families with incomes at
or below 80 percent of the area median income, and
rental housing in which at least 20 percent of the units
with affordable rents are reserved for households
with incomes at or below 50 percent of the area
median income. The subsidy may be in the form of
a grant or a subsidized advance. The AHP can be
used to purchase, construct, and rehabilitate housing
on a brownfield, but it cannot be used for planning,
assessment, or cleanup of environmental contamina-
tion. It may be used for site preparation or other uses
in conjunction with the purchase, construction, or
rehabilitation of housing.
In addition to other priorities, some FHLBanks
allocate scoring points to AHP competitive program
projects that promote empowerment and community
stability, including those that are part of a neighbor-
hood stabilization plan. An important contribution
of the AHP competitive application program is that
a number of projects serve homeless persons and
persons with special needs, including the elderly,
individuals with disabilities, persons living with
HIV-AIDS, and persons recovering from substance
86 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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or physical abuse. A project may reserve units for
more than one special needs population. In 2017,
68 percent of projects served homeless persons or
persons with special needs.
In 2017, FHLBanks awarded funds to 535 Competi-
tive Application Program projects ranging in amounts
from about $36,000 to $850,000 for owner-occupied
projects and about $36,000 to $3.3 million for rental
projects. Between 1990, when the program began,
and 2017, the FHLBanks awarded about $4.7 billion
in funding to projects supporting more than 682,000
housing units, about 71 percent of which served very
low-income households.
The FHLBanks may also offer the Set-Aside Program
to their members. Under the Set-Aside Program, an
FHLBank may set aside an amount up to the greater
of $4.5 million or 35 percent of its AHP funds each
year to assist low- and moderate-income households
in purchasing or rehabilitating homes. Through
the program, members provide grants directly to
households for down payment and closing costs, and
in some cases, counseling and rehabilitation costs.
Each member sets its own maximum grant amount,
which may not exceed $15,000 per household.
In 2017, Set-Aside Program funding was $98.9
million, and assistance was provided to 14,235
households. From 1995 through 2017, the
FHLBanks' Set-Aside Programs provided approxi-
mately $1.1 billion in funding, supporting more
than 183,000 households. Over 80 percent of the
households assisted were first-time homebuyers.
Eligibility Requirements: Only member financial
institutions of an FHLBank can apply for AHP funds.
To be considered eligible for AHP funding, housing
projects must meet certain requirements, including
type of occupancy, project feasibility, funding need,
cost reasonableness, unit retention requirement, and
project sponsor qualifications.
Limitations: Projects using AHP funds are subject
to retention requirements. The retention period is five
years for home ownership projects. Rental projects
must maintain the targeted household income and
affordable rent for a 15-year retention period.
Availability: Each FHLBank has at least one AHP
funding round each year when members may submit
applications on behalf of sponsors and developers of
affordable housing projects.
Uses/Applications Include:
Over the years, the AHP assisted:
¦	Low- and moderate-income homeowners, including
first-time homebuyers.
¦	Very-low-income residents of rental housing.
¦	Special-needs households, including the elderly,
disabled, homeless, or victims of domestic violence
who need supportive services.
¦	Residents in rural communities.
¦	Residents in urban areas.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ) Assessment ) Cleanup
Community Investment Program
Each FHLBank must offer Community Investment
Program (CIP) loans to its member financial institu-
tions priced at below market rates. Members must
use the financing for purchasing or rehabilitating
housing or for community economic development that
benefits lower-income families and neighborhoods.
CIP advances may be used to support projects that
create and preserve jobs and help build infrastruc-
ture to catalyze community growth, and they may be
combined with other housing or community develop-
ment funds.
The FHLBanks funded approximately $4.7 billion in
CIP advances for housing and community develop-
ment projects and assisted about 40,400 housing
units in 2017.
Eligibility Requirements: Projects funded by the
member institutions of an FHLBank must meet
several requirements, depending on the type of
project:
¦	Home purchases by families with incomes at or
below 115 percent of the area median income.
¦	Purchase or rehabilitation of rental housing for
families with incomes at or below 115 percent of the
area median income.
¦	Commercial and economic development activities,
including those relating to brownfields, that benefit
low- and moderate-income families (those that are
below 80 percent of median income) or activities
that are located in low- and moderate-income
neighborhoods.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 87

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SNAPSHOT - STATION CENTER, UNION CITY, CA
The Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco was one of the funding sources for development of
Station Center, a 157-unit mixed-use, affordable apartment complex built on a former brownfield in the
East Bay town of Union City outside of San Francisco. The complex, which was certified LEED Platinum,
incorporates a variety of energy-efficient features, and includes 8,600 square feet of commercial space
at street level, along with a playground, fitness center, community rooms, and garden plots for residents.
Station Center is a central feature in Union City's vision to revitalize the city by creating Station District,
a new city center with housing, parks, and retail near public transportation, and jobs for its residents.
The centrally located site between two rail lines was an underused brownfield that formerly housed the
Pacific State Steel Corporation and PG&E Pipeyard. Other funding sources for the project included the
Redevelopment Agency of the City of Union City, Housing Authority of the County of Alameda, California
Community Reinvestment Corporation, California Tax Credit Allocation Committee, and private banks.
¦	Projects that include a combination of these activities.
Limitations: Advances are made only on a secured
basis with collateral requirements consistent with
those of other FHLBank credit programs.
Availability: FHLBank members may take down
advances in various maturities, including long-term
maturities of 20 years or more.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Projects may involve owner-occupied and rental
housing; construction of roads, bridges, retail stores,
sewage treatment plants, or other capital improve-
ment projects; and small business loans to create or
retain jobs.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
Community Investment Cash Advances Program
The Community Investment Cash Advances (CICA)
Program offers FHLBank members funding, often
at below-market interest rates, to finance economic
development projects aimed at targeted beneficiaries
or targeted geographic areas. Eligible uses include
brownfields redevelopment; commercial, industrial,
manufacturing, and social services projects;
infrastructure; and public facilities and services. CICA
includes a rural and urban program.
Eligibility Requirements: Only FHLBank members
may borrow CICA funds. Eligibility requirements for
project funding vary among FHLBanks.
Limitations: Before applying, each FHLBank must
have a Community Lending Plan that describes its
program objectives and funding availability.
Availability: The FHLBanks funded approximately
$3.8 billion in CICA advances in 2017. Funding
availability for 2019 is subject to FHFA's annual
budget and resources. For current status, please visit
the website listed below.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Assistance to brownfields cleanup and redevel-
opment projects in areas eligible for a federal
brownfields tax credit.
¦	Assistance to Champion Communities, Empower-
ment Zones, or Enterprise Communities.
¦	Assistance to housing, commercial, industrial, and
other economic development activities.
¦	Assistance to areas affected by federal military base
closings.
¦	Assistance to small businesses as defined by the
Small Business Administration.
¦	Assistance to tribal homelands.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Federal Housing Finance Agency
400 7th St., SW
Washington, DC 20024
202-649-3800
Main Site
https ://www. f hfa. a ov/
88 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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General Services Administration
GSA
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The General Services Administration (GSA) leverages
the buying power of the federal government to
acquire the best value for taxpayers and its federal
customers. With thousands of federal properties
throughout the country, GSA partners with other
federal agencies, state regulatory agencies,
and local communities to recycle surplus federal
properties. GSA expedites the cleanup and reuse of
contaminated federal real estate by leveraging its
real estate expertise, meaningful stakeholder input,
and all available real property and environmental
authorities.
Brownfields Connections
GSA works with federal landholding agencies
to review and identify surplus federally owned
brownfields. It seeks to redeploy these brownfields
in close coordination with local community planning
objectives. GSA serves as the "honest broker" in
returning these properties to productive use. To carry
out this role, GSA:
¦	Coordinates with state and federal representatives
to ensure that the identification of underutilized
federal properties incorporates the latest state and
federal revitalization initiatives.
¦	Executes a process that brings stakehold-
ers together on issues related to contaminated
properties.
¦	Provides local communities, community stakehold-
ers, and the private sector with information on the
federal real property disposal process. Educates
states and communities engaged in brownfields
revitalization about innovative disposal methods
and options for remediation privatization.
RESOURCES
Technical Assistance
Brownfields Redevelopment Initiative
When a federal property is determined to be surplus,
GSA works with state and local planners, economic
development officials, and community groups to
effectively combine GSA's real property authorities and
local revitalization objectives. GSA employs specific
strategies in the redeployment of federal brownfields.
Transactions are structured in ways that allow the
federal government to realize the asset's embedded
equity while expediting the completion of environmen-
tal remediation and property redevelopment.
Eligibility Requirements: GSA works with local
officials, community stakeholders, and state and
federal agencies in communities with surplus federal
real property.
Availability: GSA works with all federal landholding
agencies to develop real estate strategies that identify
options for better management of underutilized assets.
This process includes identifying potential federal
brownfields through GSA's utilization studies, providing
recommendations to federal landholding agencies
for environmental characterization and additional due
diligence, and developing real property strategies that
expedite environmental regulatory closure.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦ GSA identifies federal brownfields, incorporates
meaningful stakeholder input in matching available
real property authorities with local revitaliza-
tion objectives, and develops environmental and
real property strategies for successful return to
productive reuse.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 89

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SNAPSHOT - TWIN CITIES ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT, ARDEN HILLS, MN
r
GSA used its brownfields expertise to redeploy 543 acres of the former Twin Cities Army Ammunition
Plant (TCAAP). TCAAP was used for small arms ammunition production dating back to World War II. Due
to extensive soil and groundwater contamination, the site was listed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1983. GSA worked with the U.S. Army to identify a portion of TCAAP as excess to the Army. Through close
coordination with the City of Arden Hills and Ramsey County GSA developed a real estate strategy
for reuse of two parcels in line with community redevelopment objectives and property remedia-
tion needs. The first transfer of 116 acres created a public park and wildlife corridor. GSA structured a
negotiated sale to Ramsey County to expedite site remediation and redevelopment of the 427-acre
second parcel. Fee transfer of the property to Ramsey County occurred after the soil remediation was
completed in 2015. The redevelopment of the site will include a mix of commercial, residential, light
industrial and other uses and is expected to be a catalyst for economic development in the region.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Lee Anne Galanes
General Services Administration
Office of Real Property Utilization and Disposal
1800 F St., NW
Washington, DC 20405
202-821-7230
leeanne.aalanes@asa.aov
Main Site
https://www.asa.gov/
Office of Real Property Utilization and Disposal
httPs://disposal.Qsa.gov/s/
90 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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National Enaowment for
the Arts
ARTWORKS.
National
Enaowment
for the Arts
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
Established by Congress in 1965, the National
Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is the independent
federal agency whose funding and support gives
Americans the opportunity to participate in the
arts, exercise their imaginations, and develop their
creative capacities. Through partnerships with state
arts agencies, local leaders, other federal agencies,
and the philanthropic sector, the NEA supports arts
learning, affirms and celebrates America's rich and
diverse cultural heritage, and extends its work to
promote equal access to the arts in every community
across America.
Brownfieids Connections
¦	Supports efforts to transform communities into lively,
beautiful, and resilient places.
¦	Encourages livability by addressing community
priorities such as public safety, health, blight and
vacancy, environment, job creation, equity, local
business development, civic participation, and
community cohesion.
¦	Encourages public engagement and community
building through art.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
Our Town Grants
Our Town is the National Endowment for the Arts'
creative placemaking grants program. These grants
support projects that integrate arts, culture, and design
activities into efforts that strengthen communities by
advancing local economic, physical, and/or social
outcomes. Successful Our Town projects ultimately lay
the groundwork for systemic changes that sustain the
integration of arts, culture, and design into strategies
for strengthening communities. Creative placemaking
results when artists, arts organizations, and community
development practitioners deliberately integrate arts
and culture into community revitalization work —
placing arts at the table with land use, transportation,
economic development, education, housing, infrastruc-
ture, and public safety strategies. Creative placemak-
ing can strengthen communities by helping to revitalize
local economies, provide rich engagement for youth,
advance educational outcomes, create spaces and
places where people want to be, facilitate authentic
engagement in community planning, reimagine uses
for vacant properties, and improve the quality of life for
existing residents.
Eligibility Requirements: All applications require
partnerships that involve at least two eligible
primary partners: a nonprofit organization and a
local governmental entity. One of the two primary
partners must be an arts, culture, or design organiza-
tion. Additional partners are encouraged. Eligible
lead applicants include nonprofits with a three-year
history of programming, local governments, federally
recognized tribes, and U.S. Territories.
Limitations: All grants require at least a one-to-one
non-federal match. These matching funds may be all
cash or a combination of cash and in-kind contributions.
Availability: Grants range from $25,000 to $200,000.
The $200,000 level is only for projects of significant
scale and impact, and is rarely awarded. In 2018, NEA
awarded 60 Our Town grants totaling $4.1 million.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Arts Engagement Projects support artistic
productions or practices that are the focus of
creative placemaking projects.
¦	Cultural Planning Projects support the development
of local support systems necessary for creative
placemaking to succeed.
¦	Design Projects demonstrate artistic excellence
while supporting the development of places where
creative activities occur, or where the identity of
place is reinforced.
https://www.arts.aov/arants-oraanizations/our-town/
arant-proaram-description
2019 Brownfieids Federal Programs Guide 91

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SNAPSHOT - RIPPLE PROJECT, MARTIN COUNTY, FL
r
In 2015, Martin County, Florida, received the second of two NEA Our Town grants to support the Ripple
Eco-Art Project. The project comPines interactive landscapes, green infrastructure, and art features to
mitigate the water quality impacts of human use and stormwater runoff pollution along the St. Lucie
River waterfront in the historic Old Palm City area. By holding water onsite in artistically designed green
infrastructure features, the Ripple project reduces the amount of runoff generated during a rainstorm,
alleviating erosion and haPitat damage. In addition, the project will filter out pollutants such as oil,
Pacteria, sediment, and nutrients as the collected water seeps through vegetation and soil. Martin
County has prioritized Old Palm City's revitalization and wants to implement creative placemaking
projects that will engage residents, showcase the historic community, and protect the polluted St. Lucie
River. The Our Town project, which Prings the arts and sciences together through community engage-
ment and design, will serve as a model for future Martin County capital development efforts.
CFDA Number: 45.024
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s) of
the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Art Works Grants
Art Works is the National Endowment for the Arts'
principal grants program. Through project-based
funding, the NEA supports public engagement with,
and access to, various forms of excellent art across
the nation, the creation of art that meets the highest
standards of excellence, learning in the arts at all
stages of life, and the integration of the arts into the
fabric of community life. Projects may be large or
small, existing or new, and may take place in any part
of the nation's 50 states, the District of Columbia, and
U.S. Territories. Successful projects are likely to:
¦	Prove transformative with the potential for
meaningful change, whether in the development
or enhancement of new or existing art forms, new
approaches to the creation or presentation of art, or
new ways of engaging the public with art.
¦	Involve paid artists, designers, or culture bearers.
¦	Be distinctive, by offering fresh insights and new
value for their fields and/or the public through
unconventional solutions.
¦	Have the potential to be shared or emulated, or are
likely to lead to other advances in art.
Applicants can apply for an Art Works grant through 15
different disciplines: artist communities; arts education;
dance; design; folk and traditional arts; literature; local
arts agencies; media arts; museums; music; musical
theater; opera; presenting and multidisciplinary works;
theater; and visual arts projects.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants
include nonprofit organizations, units of state and
local government; and federally recognized tribal
communities and tribes. Common applicants include
arts organizations, local arts agencies, arts service
organizations, local education agencies such as
school districts, and other organizations that can help
advance NEA's goals. Eligible applicants must have a
three-year history of arts programming.
Limitations: All grants require at least a one-to-one
non-federal match. These matching funds may be all
cash or a combination of cash and in-kind contribu-
tions.
Availability: Grants generally range from $10,000
to $100,000. No grants under $10,000 are awarded.
Grants of $100,000 or more are awarded only in rare
instances, and only for projects that NEA determines
demonstrate exceptional national or regional signifi-
cance and impact. In 2018, 1,838 Art Works grants
were awarded, totaling nearly $48 million.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Provide students from lower socioeconomic
backgrounds arts-rich experiences.
¦	Design or plan for new arts/cultural buildings,
districts, neighborhoods, public spaces, or
landscapes.
¦	Conduct community-wide or neighborhood planning
and design activities that promote economic and
cultural vitality; involve community-based partner-
ships; and assist underserved communities or
neighborhoods.
¦	Encourage adaptive reuse of historic properties for
cultural and arts uses.
92 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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¦ Develop innovative approaches to collaborate with
outside organizations and disciplines where the
primary purpose is public engagement with art and/
or the enhancement of public spaces.
https://www.arts.aov/arants-oraanizations/art-works/
arant-proaram-description
CFDA Number: 45.024
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s) of
the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Assessment ) Cleanup
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Jen Hughes
National Endowment for the Arts
400 7th St., SW
Washington, DC 20506-0001
202-682-5547
huahesi@arts.aov
Main Site
https://www.arts.aov/
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 93

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Small Business Administration SBM
U.S. Small Business Administration
DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION
Mission
The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) was
created in 1953 as an independent agency of the
federal government to aid, counsel, assist, and
protect the interests of small business concerns; to
preserve free competitive enterprise; and to maintain
and strengthen the overall economy of the nation.
The SBA recognizes that small business is critical
to the nation's economic recovery and strength, to
building America's future, and to helping the United
States compete in today's global marketplace.
Although the SBA has evolved in the years since
it was established, its bottom-line mission remains
the same: the SBA helps Americans start, grow, and
expand businesses, as well as help them recover
after a disaster. Through an extensive network of
field offices and partnerships with public and private
organizations, the SBA delivers its services to people
throughout the United States, Puerto Rico, the U.S.
Virgin Islands, and Guam.
Brownfields Connections
The SBA encourages the redevelopment of
brownfields. SBA loan guarantees are available to
small businesses interested in locating on revitalized
brownfields. Typically, this occurs through the use of
one or more of the following factors: (1) indemnifica-
tion; (2) completed remediation; (3) "No Further Action"
letter obtained; (4) "minimal contamination" achieved;
(5) cleanup funds approved; (6) escrow account
available; (7) groundwater contamination originat-
ing from another site; (8) a pledge of additional or
substitute collateral; or (9) other factors, such as the
existence of adequate environmental insurance.
RESOURCES
Financial Assistance
The SBA guarantees loans to help creditworthy small
businesses that cannot qualify for a conventional loan
access capital. Its two main programs include the
SBA-backed 7(a) Loan Program and the 504/Certified
Development Company (504/CDC) Program.
7(a) Loan Program
The 7(a) loan program is the SBA's primary program
to help startup and existing small businesses access
capital, with financing guaranteed for a variety of
general business purposes. The SBA does not make
loans itself, but rather guarantees loans made by
participating lending institutions. The 7(a) name
comes from section 7(a) of the Small Business Act.
The 7(a) loans are the most basic and most used
types of SBA-backed loans.
f	\
A loan guarantee is a pledge by one party (the
guarantor) to assume the debt obligation of a
borrower if the borrower defaults. It is not a direct
loan. For this program, SBA is the guarantor.
V			J
Eligibility Requirements:
To be considered for a 7(a) loan, applicants must
meet broad eligibility requirements designed to
accommodate the most diverse variety of small
business financing needs. Applicants must operate for
profit within the U.S.; meet the SBA's small business
size standards; have exhausted other financing
options and invested equity; and demonstrate they
can repay the loan.
Limitations: The SBA does not fully guarantee 7(a)
loans. The lender and the SBA share the risk that
a borrower will not be able to repay the loan in full.
Loans under the 7(a) program may not be used
to refinance existing debt; engage in practices the
SBA deems to be unsound; change the character or
ownership of the business; or repay delinquent taxes
or other funds that should be held in trust or escrow.
Availability: Borrowers must apply through a partici-
pating lender institution and can identify those via the
SBA's online Lender Match platform at www.sba.gov/
lendermatch.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Working capital.
¦	Purchase, renovation, and new construction of land
or buildings.
94 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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¦	Acquisition of equipment, machinery, furniture, and
fixtures.
¦	Establishment of a new business or operation, or
expansion of an existing business.
¦	Debt refinancing (under special conditions).
https://www.sba.aov/fundina-proarams/loans
CFDA Number: 59.012
Certified Development Company (CDC) (504) Loan
Program
The Certified Development Company (CDC) (504)
loan program is a long-term financing tool that
conserves working capital by requiring a lower
borrower contribution. The 504 Program provides
growing businesses with long-term, fixed-rate
financing for the purchase of major fixed assets, such
as land and buildings. A CDC is a private, nonprofit
corporation that promotes economic develop-
ment within its community through 504 loans. The
SBA authorizes CDCs to provide financing to small
businesses with the help of third-party lenders.
Typically, a 504 project includes a loan secured from
a private-sector lender, with a senior lien covering up
to 50 percent of the project cost; a loan secured from
a CDC (backed by a 100 percent SBA-guaranteed
debenture), with a junior lien covering up to 40
percent of the total cost; and a contribution from the
borrower of at least 10 percent equity.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible entities include
businesses that operate for profit, do business in
the U.S. or its territories, meet the SBA's small
business size standards, use proceeds for an
approved purpose, have exhausted other funding
sources, demonstrate they can repay the loan, and
possess relevant management expertise and a
feasible business plan. Under the 504/CDC Program,
a business qualifies as small if it has a tangible
net worth of $15 million or less and an average
net income of less than $5 million after taxes for
the preceding two years. If business and personal
financial resources are found to be excessive, the
business will be required to use those resources in
lieu of part or all of the requested loan proceeds.
Limitations: The 504/CDC Program cannot be
used for working capital or inventory; consolidat-
ing, repaying, or refinancing debt; or speculation or
investment in rental real estate.
Availability: The maximum SBA-backed loan is $5
million for each small business concern for regular
504 loans or public policy projects. The eligible
amount may increase to $5.5 million if the borrower
is a small manufacturer, if the project reduces the
borrower's energy consumption by at least 10
percent, or if the project generates at least 10 percent
of the borrower's energy needs at the facility.
Uses/Applications Include:
¦	Purchasing land, including existing buildings.
¦	Making improvements, including grading, streets,
utilities, parking lots, and landscaping.
¦	Constructing new facilities or modernizing,
renovating, or converting existing facilities.
¦	Purchasing long-term machinery and equipment.
https://www.sba.aov/fundina-proarams/loans
CFDA Number: 59.041
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Outreach/Technical Assistance
Along with its 68 district offices and 10 regional
offices across the nation, the SBA powers a number
of local resource partners that counsel, mentor, and
train small businesses.
¦	SCORE harnesses the knowledge of real-world
business executives to provide mentorship in
person, via email, or over video chat through more
than 10,000 volunteers in 300 chapters.
¦	Small Business Development Centers provide
current and prospective small businesses with
management advice and technical assistance
via a cooperative effort of the private sector,
educational community, and federal, state, and local
governments.
¦	Women's Business Centers focus on women who
want to start, grow, and expand their small business
with free to low-cost counseling and training.
¦	Veteran Business Outreach Centers provide
entrepreneurial development services and referrals
for eligible veterans owning or considering starting a
small business.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 95

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SNAPSHOT - AVONDALE TEXTILE MILLS, GRANITEVILLE, SC
In 2005, a freight train derailment just outside the Avondale Mills rocked the small, unincorporated
city of Graniteville, in Aiken County, South Carolina. About 40 tons of chlorine vapor and liquid were
released. The accident caused a public health emergency that required evacuation of 5,400 residents,
killed 10 people, and left hundreds in respiratory distress. Damage to buildings and machinery from
the accident caused the struggling Avondale Mills plant to close its doors after 161 years in operation,
and at least 1,200 jobs were lost. Since then, the city and Aiken County have been working to revitalize
Graniteville. Cleanup and redevelopment of 15 shuttered textile mills and a steam plant, including the
Avondale Mills, are at the heart of the effort, which is expected to take up to 20 years to complete. A
$1.278 million SBA Section 504 loan is a critical element of the nearly $29 million package of funding
from various public and private sources that already has been assembled by Aiken County and its
redevelopment partners for this massive effort. This includes $800,000 in brownfields assessment grants
to conduct environmental site assessments and prepare the sites for remediation; and a $200,000 EPA
Environmental Workforce Development and Jobs Training grant to train up to 60 local workers in environ-
mental remediation jobs to help restore the closed mills across Graniteville and the surrounding area.
¦	Procurement Technical Assistance Centers assist
small businesses that want to sell products and
services to federal, state, and/or local governments.
¦	U.S. Export Assistance Centers offer export
assistance and make worldwide commerce
achievable for small or medium-sized businesses.
Availability: Funding availability is subject to SBA's
annual budget and resources. For current status,
please visit the website listed below.
Eligibility Requirements: Assistance from an SBA
resource partner is available to anyone interested
in beginning a small business for the first time or
improving or expanding an existing small business.
https://www.sba.aov/local-assistance
CFDA Number: 59.037
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Cleanup
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
U.S. Small Business Administration
409 3rd St., SW
Washington, DC 20416
800-827-5722
American Sign Language interpreter (via
videophone): 855-440-4960
answerdesk@sba.aov
Main Site
https://www.sba.gov/
96 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 97

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Effective brownfields redevelopment approaches
often incorporate federal and state incentive and
assistance programs to help provide the funding and
financing needed to overcome brownfields redevelop-
ment challenges.
The federal tax incentives and credits listed below
can help advance brownfields site cleanup and
redevelopment activities:
¦	Opportunity Zones
¦	New Markets Tax Credits
¦	Low-Income Housing Tax Credits
¦	Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits
¦	Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Tax
Incentives
The information in this section reflects the most
recent reforms and extensions authorized by the
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (RL. 115-97), which
became effective on January 1, 2018. [P.L. 115-97]
P.L. 115-97 substantially changed the federal tax
system, introducing permanent corporate tax cuts,
along with individual changes, which are set to expire
at the end of 2025.
(	\
Many states adopt their own financing programs
and approaches to integrate traditional state
development programs into the brownfields
financing mix. Such programs include tax
incentives and credits, targeted financial
assistance, and direct brownfields financing.
Information on state incentive and assistance
programs may be available through a state's
brownfields program. To locate these programs,
visit: https://www.epa.aov/brownfields/state-and-
tribal-brownfields-response-proarams
\	)
This summary is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used as the basis for making any
investment-related decisions. Contact a lawyer or tax professional before making such decisions.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 99

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Opportunity Zones
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 created a new
investment option for capital gains, "Qualified
Opportunity Funds." Qualified Opportunity Funds
(QOFs) promote investment in the development of
real estate and businesses in "Qualified Opportu-
nity Zones." Qualified Opportunity Zones (OZs) are
census tracts of low-income and distressed communi-
ties designated by state governors and certified by
the Department of Treasury. Investors who invest
their capital gains in QOFs can defer and reduce their
capital gains tax burdens. Given that there may be as
much as $6.1 trillion in unrealized capital gains assets
in the U.S., the Opportunity Funds investment option
may represent a significant chance for communities
to attract new capital for the cleanup and redevelop-
ment of brownfields located in the 8,762 designated
Opportunity Zones.
As of the publication date of this document, the
Department of Treasury and the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS) had not published final regulations or
guidance governing the Opportunity Fund investment
program. However, draft guidance published by the
IRS on May 1, 2019 (see 84 FR 18652) indicates
that investments in the cleanup and redevelopment
of brownfields located in designated Opportunity
Zones will be able to make use of QOF investments,
provided that the investments are part of a full
economic redevelopment project that includes both
the cleanup of the brownfield and an investment
in a business or building located on the brownfield
property.
How the Program Works
The Opportunity Zone law offers deferred taxes, then
significant tax breaks, to a broad array of investors
who deploy and hold their capital gains in businesses
and capital improvement projects located in Qualified
Opportunity Zones (QOZs). To realize preferential tax
treatment, investors must place their capital gains into
a Qualified Opportunity Fund. QOFs may be either a
corporation or partnership established solely for the
purpose of investing in QOZs, in exchange for an
equity interest in that QOZ project. The program will
allow investors to establish QOFs for a targeted area,
or even a single-purpose project in a QOZ. These
QOFs must hold at least 90 percent of their assets
in QOZ property, which includes qualifying stock,
partnership interest, or business property located
within a QOZ.
Each state nominated a limited number of population
census tracts to be designated as QOZs. A population
census tract was eligible for designation as a QOZ if
it satisfied the definition of "low-income community"
(LIC) (which is the same as the federal definition for
New Market Tax Credits) or is contiguous with an
LIC that is designated as a QOZ, and the median
family income of the non-LIC tract does not exceed
125 percent of the median family income of that
contiguous LIC QOZ. Opportunity Zones have now
been designated in all 50 states, the District of
Columbia, and five U.S. territories.
To qualify as a QOZ property, assets must either have
their "original use" in a QOZ; or the QOZ property
must be "substantially improved" (which generally
requires making investments with a cost at least
equal to the asset's purchase price) within 30 months
of the property's acquisition. During "substantially
all" of the QOZ's holding period, substantially all
use of such property must be in a QOZ. Proposed
IRS guidance provides that activities on bare land,
and activities to revitalize buildings that have been
vacant for at least five years, will constitute "original
use," while activities to renovate buildings vacant for
fewer than five years must meet the "substantially
improved" tests.
There are three basic types of tax benefits that are
available to QOF investors: deferral of capital gains
tax initially invested, reduction of those capital gains,
and exemption from taxation of new capital gains that
occur after the initial investment in a QOZ project. An
explanation of each benefit is provided below.
Deferral of Capital Gains Tax: A taxpayer who has
an investment that has appreciated can postpone or
defer 100 percent of capital gains taxes by investing
a gain realized from a sale or exchange into a QOF
within 180 days of the sale or exchange of stocks,
mutual funds, or other investments such as sale of
real estate or a business. The tax on the gain can
be deferred until the earlier of the date on which the
QOF investment is sold or exchanged, or December
31, 2026.
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Reduction of Capital Gains Through a Step-Up
in Basis. A taxpayer who invests in a QOF by
December 31, 2019, will be able to reduce the taxable
portion of its capital gains on that initial investment. If
the QOF investment is held for longer than five years,
there is a 10 percent exclusion of the deferred gain.
If held for more than seven years, the 10 percent is
stepped up to 15 percent. If the QOF investment does
not take place by December 31, 2019, the investor
can still receive some portion of step-up benefits,
depending on when the investment is made.
Permanent Gains Exclusions: If the investor holds
the investment in the QOF for at least 10 years, the
investor is eligible for an increase in basis of the
QOF investment equal to its fair market value on the
date that the QOF investment is sold or exchanged.
Therefore, a taxpayer holding the investment
in the QOF for at least 10 years will not have to
recognize any gain (i.e., pay capital gains tax) on the
post-acquisition economic appreciation in its QOF
interest when it is sold or exchanged, so long as the
taxpayer disposes of the investment prior to January
1, 2048. However, the taxpayer still will have to pay
the deferred, reduced taxes on the initial gain.
For all of these QOZ benefits, the IRS rules clarify
that proceeds from the sale or disposition of QOF
assets do not impact an investor's holding period
in the QOF if the proceeds are reinvested within a
12-month period; however, ordinary tax principles will
be applied to interim gains as the tax benefit is linked
to the duration of the taxpayer's investment in a QOF,
not to the duration of a QOF's investment in any
specific asset/business.
Advantages for Brownfields Site
Redevelopers
Because QOZs are census tracts of low-income and
distressed communities, QOZs will often include
brownfields. Although final guidance governing
QOFs were not yet available when this document
was published, proposed guidance published by
the IRS suggested that OZ incentives may be
a useful tool for attracting private investment in
brownfields redevelopment projects. For instance,
pre-development costs for planned vertical develop-
ment, including demolition, asbestos abatement,
and brownfields cleanup costs are allowable QOF
investments, if such costs are tied to vertical
development that otherwise meets the IRS require-
ments for QOF properties and businesses.
Beyond the tax benefits that investors involved in
brownfields projects located in QOZs may gain,
the new tax provision should provide incentives for
brownfields redevelopment in general. Due to the
tax advantages of QOF investments, distressed
communities designated as QOZs may become
more attractive to investors because of the potential
for better returns on development projects in QOZs.
Limitations
As specific IRS criteria must be met to take
advantage of Opportunity Zone benefits, the following
key issues and requirements should be considered
when determining whether Opportunity Zone
benefits may be applied to a brownfields project
located in a QOZ:
¦	Maintaining working capital plan for vertical
development: For brownfields projects, the
pre-development phase could foreseeably get
drawn out when the contamination or liability
issues prove to be more complex than expected. It
is important that the developer maintain a written
working capital plan for the ultimate development
project and its phases, to which the developer
substantially adheres for deploying each tranche of
capital raised for the project over a 31-month period
from the time of investment of each tranche.
¦	Original use: The proposed IRS regulations clarify
that vacant parcels of land, buildings intended for
demolition, or buildings intended for renovation
that have been vacant for at least five years will all
satisfy "original use" and will not be subject to the
substantial improvement test requiring a doubling
in basis in buildings within a 30-month period from
acquisition. Therefore, for brownfield properties
that fit within these categories, developers will not
face a timeclock for doubling the basis in buildings
on the properties.
¦	Substantial improvement: If a brownfield redevel-
oper wishes to use QOF investments to renovate
a building that has been vacant for fewer than five
years, it will need to substantially improve the facility
within 30 months, which may be too short a period
to allow project developers and their investors to
obtain entitlement and regulatory approvals and
perform demolition, excavation, cleanup, and other
site preparation work necessary for redevelopment
of a contaminated brownfield.
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SNAPSHOT - CONFLUENCE CORRIDOR, GLENWOOD SPRINGS, CO
v
The City of Glenwood Springs, Colorado, will leverage the federal designation of two downtown census
tracts as Opportunity Zones to advance its EPA-funded Confluence Corridor Brownfields Area-Wide Plan
(AWP). The AWP focuses on redeveloping vacant and contaminated properties into vibrant, mixed-use
development at the confluence of the Roaring Fork River and Colorado River in the heart of downtown.
Glenwood Springs used an EPA Region 8 Targeted Brownfields Assessment to understand the environ-
mental conditions at its long-vacant, former wastewater treatment plant that occupies a prime site for
redevelopment. The area-wide plan envisions a mix of more than 400,000 square feet of commercial,
retail, and housing, along with a multi-modal transit center and riverfront recreational parks and nature
areas within the Opportunity Zone boundary. The City of Glenwood Springs created a Glenwood Springs
Opportunity Pitchbook highlighting shovel-ready and investment-ready projects in its Opportunity Zone
brownfields; hosted forums with local investors, bankers, and developers to educate the community
about the incentive; issued a request for proposals from developers of the Confluence Corridor that uses
the Opportunity Zone designation as a key incentive; and is reaching out directly to Opportunity Fund
managers about investing in the confluence Opportunity Zone brownfields.
¦ Land-banking: Cleanup of a brownfield without
plans for economic or vertical real estate develop-
ment is not likely to be eligible for QOF investment,
as IRS does not wish to incentivize "land-banking"
or "land speculation" with Opportunity Zone rules.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Over the course of 2019, the Treasury Department
and the Internal Revenue Service are expected to
provide further details, including additional legal
guidance, on this new tax benefit. More information
will be available at https://home.treasurv.gov/ and
https://www.irs.aov. or from sources such as https://
www.cdfifund.gov/Pages/Qpportunitv-Zones. aspx.
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New Markets Tax Credit
The New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) program is
designed to stimulate the economies of distressed
urban and rural communities and create jobs in
low-income communities by expanding the availabil-
ity of credit, investment capital, and financial
services. The NMTC program was created through
the Community Renewal Act of 2000. The program
is administered by the Community Development
Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund within the U.S.
Department of the Treasury.
Each year, tax credits are allocated through the
CDFI Fund and distributed to qualified Community
Development Entities (CDEs). CDEs include a range
of for-profit and nonprofit organizations, such as
banks, community development corporations, CDFIs,
organizations that administer community develop-
ment venture capital funds or community loan funds,
small business development corporations, specialized
small business investment companies, and others.
There are nearly 6,000 organizations certified as
CDEs, including subsidiaries (CDE partners), and
approximately 1,100 certified CDFIs.
Since 2000, the CDFI Fund has completed 14
allocation rounds and made 1,105 awards totaling
$54 billion in tax allocation authority. Each federal
dollar put in the program has leveraged over $8
in private investments. Demand for the tax credits
has remained high since the program's inception,
particularly as CDFI allocations dropped from $7
billion in 2015 to just half of that in the 2017 round. In
the 2017 round, 230 applicants requested a total of
$16.2 billion in NMTC Allocation Authority, of which
73 CDEs received $3.5 billion in NMTC Allocation
Authority (or 32 percent of the total applicant pool).
NMTCs can be a viable option for many brownfields
redevelopment projects, given the typical priorities
and target investments of NMTC allocation recipients.
Given their focus on distressed areas, which often
include blighted and abandoned buildings, NMTCs
have significant potential to support brownfields
projects. Brownfields developers can approach
existing CDEs to help fund their projects or, in certain
circumstances, brownfields developers can consider
applying for CDE certification themselves.
C	\
Since its inception, the NMTC program has
supported the construction of 85 million square
feet of manufacturing space, 63 million square
feet of office space, and 43 million square feet of
retail space; and the creation or retention of over
800,000 jobs.
V	J
How the Program Works
The NMTC program allows certified CDEs to apply
competitively for an allocation from the CDFI Fund
tax credit pool. Once a CDE receives an allocation
of tax credits, the CDE can offer the tax credits to
private sector investors, including banks, insurance
companies, corporations, and individuals. Investors
acquire (using cash only) stock or a capital interest
in the CDE on which the investor can gain a potential
return. The investor also receives a 39 percent tax
credit on the amount of the investment (total purchase
price of the stock or capital interest). The credit is
claimed over a seven-year period. Investors receive a
five percent credit annually during the first three years
after purchase, and a six percent credit during the
final four years.
Thus, for each hypothetical $100,000 investment,
an investor would realize $39,000 in tax credits over
seven years. Investors may not redeem their stock
or capital interest in CDEs prior to the conclusion of
the seven-year period. In short, the CDE secures
investors through the sale of stock or issuance of
an equity interest in exchange for tax credits, and
then uses the resulting cash to make investments in
low-income communities.
The CDE receives cash in return for providing the
tax credit to the investor. The CDE then must invest
"substantially all" of the cash proceeds into qualified
low-income community investments (QLICIs). More
than half of all CDE investments are investments
in real estate or businesses, but there also are
many QLICI investments in community facilities.
Eligible QLICIs include loans to, or investments in,
businesses to be used for developing residential,
commercial, industrial, health, job creation, and retail
real estate projects.
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Low-Income Communities
Community
Development
Entity
(CDE)
Invests in or Leads to
Qualified Active Lower

Provides Financial Counseling
& Related Services
Invests in or Lends to CDEs
Which May Finance Brownfields
Redevelopment Projects
Purchases Loans from CDEs
Which May Include Community
Development Loans for Brown-
fields Redevelopment Projects
Gives Credits to
Gives Credits to
(against Federal Income tax)
Get stock or
CDFI Fund
Investors
capital interest in
Examples of QLICIs include:
¦	Direct investments in qualified low-income,
community-based businesses.
¦	Purchases of loans made by a CDE to qualified
low-income businesses that allow a return via a
secondary market-type approach.
¦	Purchases of financial counseling and other
technical services to qualified active low-income
community businesses (QALICBs).
¦	Loans or investments in real estate projects that can
include brownfields cleanup and redevelopment.
A CDE must be certified to be eligible to receive NMTCs.
The Department of the Treasury's CDFI Fund evaluates
applications for CDE certification in four areas:
¦	Business strategy
¦	Capitalization strategy
¦	Management capacity and
¦	Community impact.
In addition, the CDE must demonstrate that it will
maintain accountability to residents of low-income
communities. This typically is done through represen-
tation on a governing or advisory board.
Community entities applying to become a CDE may
submit CDE certification applications at any time of
the year to the CDFI Fund. Completing an applica-
tion for CDE certification can be lengthy, but the
process is straightforward, and the CDFI Fund makes
decisions relatively quickly. Once an organization
is certified, the designation lasts for the life of the
organization. Both nonprofit and for-profit groups may
apply for certification by the CDFI Fund.
While the CDE certification and the Department of
the Treasury's allocation processes are complex, the
actual operation of the NMTC program is relatively
simple:
¦	A local business or developer decides to seek
capital from the proceeds of NMTCs for a real
estate, economic development, or community
project that would qualify as a QLICI.
¦	That local developer usually puts together a pitch,
or marketing package, on the project. This is useful
when approaching CDEs and convincing them that
their project qualifies for NMTC investment, will be
successful, and is consistent with that CDE's goals
and focus areas. The local developer also shows
that it has leveraged equity, debt, or other reliable
capital into the project to cover most of the project
cost, with a gap left for NMTC cash proceeds to fill.
¦	The local QLICI developer then identifies and
approaches CDEs that received a NMTC allocation
(listed on the Department of the Treasury's website)
that may be interested in a QLICI redevelopment
project, which could be on a brownfield property.
CDEs have a wide range of interests in project
types and geographic focus areas.
¦	If the CDE is willing to make the cash investment in
the local QLICI, the CDE then sells a portion of its
NMTC allocation to a tax credit investor in exchange
for cash, a portion of which the CDE in turn passes
on to the local QLICI developer. The tax credit
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SNAPSHOT - HAZELWOOD GREEN, PITTSBURGH, PA
v
In the Hazelwood neighborhood on the banks of the Monongahela River, Pittsburgh's last steel plant
closed in 1998 after 130 years of operation as the Hazelwood Coke Works, and later as Jones &
Laughlin Steel and then LTV Steel. The trio of Pittsburgh's philanthropic foundations — R.K. Mellon, the
Heinz Endowment, and the Claude Worthington Benedum Foundation — purchased the 1 78-acre site in
2002 under the ownership group Almono LP and spent a generation remediating and preparing the site
for redevelopment. They used a range of resources, including EPA Brownfields Grants. In 201 7, Almono
re-launched the "Hazelwood Green" project on the site, which is planned approximately 8 million
square feet of mixed-use, transit-oriented development that is in the process of documentation for LEED
Neighborhood Development. The project is designed to meet ambitious goals for livability, neighbor-
hood wellness, and community empowerment.
Owned by Regional Industrial Development Corporation (RIDC), the property's historic Mill 19 building
is slated to become a one-of-a-kind technology and advanced manufacturing hub launched by
Carnegie Mellon University, with 218,000 square feet of net-zero energy, mixed development that will
include the Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Institute, the Manufacturing Futures Initiative,
and the Catalyst Connection nonprofit manufacturing assistance center. It also will employ innovative
new technologies, including robotics, 3-D printing, and machine learning.
Restoration and redevelopment of the Mill 19 building cost $46.6 million. The Urban Redevelopment Authority
of Pittsburgh,a public agency that runs a New Market Tax Credit entity named Pittsburgh Urban Initiatives,
allocated $6 million in NMTC equity resources to Mill 19 to complete the capital stack for the project.
investor who buys those NMTCs will use them to
obtain 39 percent of the investment value in tax
relief over the seven-year schedule noted above.
¦	Generally, the cash proceeds from this tax credit
transaction that end up with the local project
developer can equal about 23 percent of the total
amount of NMTCs used by the CDE, with the
remainder of the value of the NMTCs accruing to
the tax credit investor, the CDE, and underwriting
and transaction parties structuring the deal.
Advantages for Brownfields Site
Redevelopers
The NMTC program offers several advantages to site
developers seeking financing to clean up and reuse
brownfields:
¦	CDEs might be willing to structure a more favorable
deal than traditional lending institutions for
brownfields projects. This can be a key consider-
ation when financing is tight.
¦	CDEs can offer funding for a full range of redevelop-
ment activities, including land acquisition, environ-
mental remediation, demolition, site preparation,
construction, renovation, and infrastructure improve-
ments—making them a true "one-stop" financing
source.
¦	CDEs involved in brownfields cleanup and redevel-
opment projects, especially nonprofit entities, can
facilitate packaging of different CDEs and other
financing sources for one project. Financing sources
can include state and local programs and credits,
initiatives such as tax increment financing, federal
programs such as the Department of Housing and
Urban Development's (HUD's) Community Develop-
ment Block Grants, and EPA's Brownfields Grants.
¦	Tax credits available to investors through CDEs
can encourage investors to commit additional funds
for qualifying projects or attract new investors who
ordinarily might not consider investing in brownfields
projects located in low-income communities.
Brownfields stakeholders interested in making the
NMTC program part of their brownfields project
financing strategies generally follow one of three
approaches:
¦	The most straightforward approach is to contact
existing CDEs for funding. Several recipients of tax
credit allocations identified brownfields redevel-
opment as one of the goals for their economic
development efforts, but any CDE potentially
can invest in a brownfields project. Brownfields
developers can consult the CDFI/ Department of the
Treasury website to identify CDEs operating in their
state or region; or
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SNAPSHOT - SAN JOSE ENERGY INNOVATION CENTER, SAN JOSE, CA
r
The City of San Jose is pursuing the community's "Green Vision" through projects like the Environ-
mental Innovation Center, which transformed a 46,000-square-foot, 1950s industrial warehouse on
four contaminated acres into a LEED Platinum, net-zero energy center for clean energy innovation.
This multi-tenant space also includes the Clean Technology Development Center, which includes a
research and development, laPoratory and testing facilities for innovative technologies, along with
workforce development and training opportunities for residents. The center includes solar tracking
skylights, solar tuPes, LED lighting systems, a cool roof, solar parking canopies, and wind turPines. The
Puilding cost $27 million to retrofit. Funding included $4.3 million in New Market Tax Credit funds from
three investors, including Brownfield Revitalization LLC, the Northern California Community Loan Fund,
and the National Development Council.
¦	Apply for and receive CDE certification, and
then apply for an allocation of tax credits to offer
to potential investors. Although this process is
more complex, it can be viable for applicants with
sufficient staff, technical capacity, and commitment
for large-scale or long-term brownfields efforts; or
¦	Apply for and achieve CDE certification, and then
apply to other CDEs that have their own tax credit
allocations for equity financing. CDEs can invest in
the projects of other CDEs, including brownfields
projects, if these investments are made in
low-income areas. However, little funding has been
available through this channel in recent years.
The $3.5 billion in credit allocations from the 2017
round went to 73 private and nonprofit CDEs
headquartered in 29 states, Guam, and the District of
Columbia. Of the 73 CDEs, 13 were minority-owned or
minority-controlled entities, and 14 allocation recipients
were designated "rural" and plan to invest $685 million
in smaller communities. Twenty-two of the allocation
recipients will focus on local markets in cities that also
have a tradition of successful brownfields revitaliza-
tion, including Milwaukee, Atlanta, Chicago, St. Louis,
Pittsburgh, and Cleveland.
Limitations
CDEs can be a vital source of capital for brownfields
revitalization. Because of the underwriting effort and
costs involved, the NMTC program tends to work best
for mid-sized and larger projects. While there is no
hard and fast rule, most NMTC projects are at least
$10 million in size with an allocation of at least $1
million in NMTC proceeds.
Although NMTCs can be used as part of the financing
for brownfields projects, many CDEs are unaware of
the brownfields redevelopment process and potential
leveraging advantages. Consequently, the first task
facing local officials and community leaders may be
to educate CDEs about the brownfields process and
the role that state voluntary cleanup programs can
play in bringing certainty and closure to environmental
concerns at these properties.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
Planning ) Assessment ) Cleanup
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Community Development Financial Institutions
Fund
1801 L St., NW, 6th Floor
Washington, DC 20036
NMTC Support Line: 202-622-8662
https://www. cdfifund.aov/Paaes/default.asDx
The CDFI Fund website provides access to CDE
application materials and workshops, legal review
services for NMTC-related documents, and a map of
qualified census tracts and counties under the NMTC
program. It also contains lists of certified CDEs,
recent NMTC recipients and their target states for
investing, and profiles of CDE-supported community
revitalization projects. In addition, the website
includes the NMTC Qualified Equity Investment
(QEI) Issuance Report, which identifies, among other
things, the amount of credits each CDE can allocate,
how much credit authority each committed, and the
amount remaining to be issued to investors. The QEI
issuance report is updated monthly.
https://www.cdfifund.aov/proarams-trainina/Proarams/
new-markets-tax-credit/Paaes/default.aspx
106 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Low-Income Housing Tax Credits
Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTCs) were
created under the Tax Reform Act of 1986 to provide
incentives for the use of private equity in the develop-
ment of affordable housing for low-income Americans.
These credits are intended to ensure an attractive
minimum rate of return on investments in low-income
housing.
LIHTCs may be used as part of a brownfields
financing package if affordable rental housing is
part of a project. The credits are used successfully
in many states as part of mixed-income housing
developments and as infill projects on brownfields
sites. The program is administered at the state
level by state housing finance authorities. Each
state receives an allocation of federal tax credits
determined by a formula based on its population.
Each state can issue LIHTC tax-exempt bonds up to its
ceiling. These bonds are then used to attract investment
capital for the development of low-income housing.
Development capital is raised by a private housing
developer, often working closely with a local
government housing authority, to "syndicate" the
credit to an investor or a group of investors. This
is done by selling the rights to future tax credits in
exchange for upfront cash. As these credits are
syndicated, developers obtain the equity capital
necessary to build or rehabilitate structures for
low-income housing.
The tax credit is paid to LIHTC investors annually
over a 10-year period. The funds generated through
syndication vary from market to market and from year
to year because they are set by market price. Typically,
prices range from the mid-$0.80s to low-$0.90s per
$1.00 tax credit under normal economic conditions.
State-Administered Program: State housing
agencies administer the LIHTC program by reviewing
r	\
LIHTCs are more attractive than tax deductions
because:
Tax credits provide investors of affordable
housing developments with a dollar-for-dollar
reduction in their federal taxes. This means that
credits will be used to offset income tax liabili-
ties as return on investment.
A tax deduction only reduces taxable income
and therefore provides a lesser tax benefit.
Investors also can receive tax benefits related to
any tax losses generated through the project's
operating costs, interest on its debt, and
deductions such as depreciation.
\	)
tax credit applications submitted by developers and
then allocating the credits. This process allows each
state to set its own priorities and address its specific
housing goals.
¦	Some states consider infill, vacant property
reclamation, and mixed use as priorities in their
allocation plans, which can make brownfield sites
more attractive to housing developers as they
compete for LIHTC allocations.
¦	Some states promote projects located in specific
geographic areas or distressed rural or urban areas,
which may encourage investment in brownfields.
The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
(HERA) required states to include energy-efficient
construction as an allocation priority. As a result, to
the extent that brownfields housing projects include
"green" technologies and sustainable development
provisions, they may become more attractive to
developers seeking LIHTCs.
As an IRS requirement, projects that serve the
lowest-income tenants and guarantee low-rent
affordability for the longest time period are given
priority. Owners must keep the rental units available
to low-income tenants for at least 30 years after
completion of the project.
Both for-profit and nonprofit brownfields developers
can use LIHTCs to help finance low-income housing
projects. The tax credit program can be used either
to construct new buildings or to rehabilitate existing
In 2019, states received an LIHTC allocation
of $2.76 per person, with a minimum
small-population state allocation of $3,166,875.
This allocation reflects a 12.5 percent increase in
credits available to states per year, implemented
in 2018 and in effect through 2021.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 107

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Revisions in the Internal Revenue Code in 2017
did not directly alter the LIHTC program; but
reductions in corporate taxes, along with limits
on deducting net operating losses, may impact
LIHTC demand. Despite these concerns, LIHTC
market demand remained steady in 2018, with
investors paid an average of $.91 for a dollar of
LIHTCs in December 2018.
Since the program began through 2016 (the
most recent year for which aggregate data are
available), the LIHTC program has supported
over 3.05 million low-income housing units.
buildings. All activities associated with the develop-
ment of housing, including cleanup and demolition,
can be claimed as expenses associated with the
development of low-income housing for the purposes
of claiming the low-income housing tax credit.
Over the past 20 years, states received signifi-
cant levels of LIHTC allocations that supported the
development of many housing units. The program
continues to provide nearly $8 billion annually in
budget authority to issue tax credits.
Almost all new affordable multifamily construction
undertaken since 2000 received a subsidy under this
program. Some of the projects were conducted on
brownfield sites, but the full potential for the develop-
ment of low-income housing on brownfield sites is yet
unrealized.
How the Program Works
The LIHTC program enables funding for the develop-
ment of affordable housing by allowing a taxpayer to
claim federal tax credits for the costs incurred during
development of affordable units in a rental housing
project.
¦	The program authorizes state housing credit
agencies to award nine percent tax credits for
projects receiving no other federal subsidy, and
four percent credits for projects financed with
tax-exempt bonds.
¦	Tax credits are available only to help cover the cost
of units within qualified projects reserved for rental
to low-income households.
- The tax credits are used by developers to raise
capital from investors through syndication for
their projects.
- The capital generated from the tax credits prior
to the start of a project lowers the debt burden
on LIHTC projects, making it easier for owners to
offer lower, more affordable rents.
¦	Investors, such as banks, obtain a dollar-for-dollar
reduction in their federal tax liability.
¦	The nine percent and four percent tax credits are
paid annually over a 10-year period.
To qualify, a project must have at least 20 percent of
its units rented to households with incomes at or below
50 percent of the area median income, or at least 40
percent of its units rented to households with incomes
at or below 60 percent of the area median income. In
2018, a third income test option was added that allows
owners to average the income of tenants. To qualify
under the new addition, at least 40 percent of units
must be occupied by tenants with an average income
of no greater than 60 percent of the area median
income, and no individual tenant can have an income
exceeding 80 percent of the area median income.
Although the developer may claim the tax credit
directly, the credits usually are passed on to investors
through syndication. A syndicator acts as a broker
between the developer and investors in the project.
Syndicators may pool tax credits for several projects
into one LIHTC equity fund and offer the credits to
investors who buy a piece of the equity fund. This
process spreads the risk to investors across various
projects. In addition, the investors typically become
limited partners in the housing project and have an
ownership interest. The developer typically receives
a development and property management fee plus
a share in any cash flows and any profits when
the property is sold. By using the investors' equity,
the developer can complete the project with less
debt-service financing. Thus, the rents for the building
can be reduced and serve lower-income individuals.
Advantages for Brownfields Site
Redevelopers
The LIHTC program offers several advantages to
developers considering affordable housing projects
on brownfields, which are enhanced by the renewed
interest in central cities and consideration of
abandoned sites and properties for infill uses. These
advantages range from cost savings to opportunities
for leveraging funding from other programs:
¦	LIHTCs offer an opportunity to restore buildings that
may have historic significance to provide affordable
108 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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SNAPSHOT - SOUNDVIEW LANDING, NORWALK, CT
v
As the oldest public housing complex in the state of Connecticut, Washington Village (located on Norwalk
Harbor on the Long Island Sound) was in severe deterioration and distress even before Superstorm Sandy
flooded the complex. Many low-income families were displaced, and the flooding caused further damage to
the troubled complex, including black mold and other problems.
Located in a low-income neighborhood but poised for revitalization because of its waterfront location,
proximity to the South Norwalk Multimodal Train Station, and the emerging renewal of the overall area,
Washington Village is now transformed into "Soundview Landing." Soundview Landing is the result of years
of community-based planning by the City of Norwalk Redevelopment Agency and its partners, who used
HUD Choice Neighborhood Planning Grant resources to create a "Neighborhood Transformation Plan" for
the housing complex and its surrounding area. This was followed by a $30 million HUD Choice Neighbor-
hood implementation grant to help finance the redevelopment, along with resources leveraged from the
HUD Disaster Resilience program, EPA's Brownfields Program, the State of Connecticut, and local and
private sector sources.
A key to financing the project was the allocation of $3,763,750 to the project in two rounds of federal
Low-Income Housing Tax Credits from the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority. This enabled leveraging
of more than $40 million in private equity. The private developer for the property, which partnered with the
Norwalk Housing Authority to conduct this project, was able to leverage those LIHTC funds with state bonds,
$8.8 million in brownfields funds provided by the State of Connecticut and the Federal Home Loan Bank of
Boston, federal grants, and private equity and debt. The development transformed the blighted housing into
a $144 million, mixed-income project designed to ensure storm resiliency from future storms. Soundview
Landing has 165 housing units, including 82 public housing units, 41 affordable LIHTC and workforce
housing units, 42 market-rate units, and 273 apartment units, all served by a new public park, community
gardens, and a specially designed public road to ensure dry egress for residents during storm events.
housing. These properties may be in distressed
neighborhoods that will benefit from low-income
housing options. In other cases, the properties
may be in emerging neighborhoods, and their
redevelopment can lead to affordable housing for
lower-wage workers that is located closer to places
of employment.
¦	LIHTCs can be combined with federal historic
preservation tax credits to create a powerful
investment incentive. If the brownfield is a historical
structure, it can be a relatively easy fit with
low-income housing development.
¦	LIHTCs can attract new investors in redevelopment
projects. LIHTCs offer a strong incentive for investors
to consider financing a low-income housing project
on a brownfield property in instances where they
otherwise might not consider including low-income
housing in the project. This is especially true if a
syndicator can pool tax credits from several projects
and create an LIHTC equity fund, which can reduce
the liability risk for individual investors.
Nonprofit housing developers such as community
development corporations often find the program
especially advantageous because each state must
set aside at least 10 percent of its credit allocation
for projects developed by nonprofits. The guaranteed
return stemming from the tax credit can attract
private banks not normally interested in housing
or brownfields projects. A nonprofit can sell the tax
credits to investors or syndicators and become the
principal partner in the project. The tax-related value
of these credits is of little use to nonprofits because
they already are exempt from paying taxes.
Limitations
Brownfields housing projects may be hindered by
the same forces that affect the banking and housing
industries due to economic downturn and sectoral
restructuring. Reduced credit, tighter bank underwriting,
and tighter due diligence standards all make housing
development more challenging. In many areas, the
stigma of contamination and cleanup continues to
limit the viability of many potential projects.
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 109

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In addition, state LIHTC allocation plans may vary in
their treatment of projects sponsored by local housing
authorities. Some states may award bonus points to
such projects. Other states may require local housing
authorities to work with nonprofit organizations to
be eligible to apply for tax credits. Stakeholders
interested in information about specific state policies
should contact their state housing authorities.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
HUD's Office of Policy Development and Research
maintains the HUD USER website, which contains
an extensive database of information on projects that
used the LIHTC.
HUD User
P.O. Box 23268
Washington, DC 20026-3268
Toll Free: 1-800-245-2691
https://www.huduser.aov/portal/datasets/lihtc.html
In addition, the following housing nonprofit and
advocacy groups track LIHTC trends and activities:
The National Council of State Housing Agencies
is a nonprofit organization created by the nation's
state Housing Finance Agencies to coordinate and
leverage advocacy efforts for affordable housing.
National Council of State Housing Agencies
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 438
Washington, DC 20001
202-624-7710
https://www.ncsha.ora/
The National Low Income Housing Coalition is a
nonprofit that educates, organizes, and advocates
to ensure decent, affordable housing within healthy
neighborhoods for everyone.
National Low Income Housing Coalition
1000 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20005
202-662-1530
https://nlihc.ora/
The National Association of Local Housing Finance
Agencies is a nonprofit national association of
professionals working to finance affordable housing
in the broader community development context at the
local level.
National Association of Local Housing Finance
Agencies
2025 M Street, NW, Suite 800
Washington, DC 20036
202-367-1197
https://www.nalhfa.org/default.aspx
Planning
Assessment
Cleanup
110 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits
Historic rehabilitation tax credits were adopted by
Congress to discourage unnecessary demolition
of sound older buildings and to slow the loss of
businesses from older urban areas. These tax credits
encourage private investment in the cleanup and
rehabilitation of historical properties.
The National Park Service administers the program
in partnership with the Internal Revenue Service
(IRS) and State Historic Preservation Offices
(SHPOs). Nearly 1.6 million historic buildings are in
or contribute to historic districts listed in the National
Register of Historic Places, with many more added
each year. The NPS estimates that 20 percent of
these buildings qualify as income-producing.
The historic rehabilitation tax credit is well-suited for
packaging with other economic development grant
and loan programs. Using the historic preservation
tax credit generally does not preclude the use of other
federal, state, tribal or local funding sources or other
programs designed to encourage rehabilitation.
Because historic rehabilitation tax credits focus
on older buildings, they are an ideal brownfields
financing tool. Their use at brownfields properties
is rapidly accelerating across the country. The tax
credits help attract redevelopment capital to many
projects in blighted and ignored areas not ordinarily
considered for investment. These projects encompass
a wide range of properties and project types,
including offices, hotels, retail stores, warehouses,
factories, and rental housing.
How the Program Works
This incentive offers private investors an income tax
credit that can be claimed as a 20 percent credit spread
over five years, beginning in the year the renovated
building is put into service. Previously, the 20 percent
credit could be claimed in its entirety upon placement in
service. There are two separate tax credits:
¦	A credit for restoration of certified historic properties.
¦	A credit for the rehabilitation of older but noncertified
properties.
The 2017 tax reform revisions eliminated the 10
percent rehabilitation credit for noncertified properties,
but certain taxpayers may still qualify for this credit if
they meet transition rule conditions.
Rehabilitation of income-producing, certified historic
structures qualifies for a credit equal to 20 percent of the
cost of the work. Costs associated with most reconstruc-
tion activities are eligible for the credit. All restored
buildings and properties must be income-producing
and rehabilitated according to standards set by the
Department of the Interior and enforced by the SHPOs.
The 20 percent tax credit is available for historic
properties rehabilitated for commercial, industrial,
agricultural, or rental residential purposes, but not
for properties used exclusively as an owner's private
residence. If a property is used for both business and
non-business (personal) use, the only expenditures
eligible for the tax credit would be those associated
with the business use portion of the property as
an allocation of the rehabilitation expenditure. This
allocation generally is made based on a square
footage percentage.
Working in conjunction with state historic preserva-
tion agencies, the NPS must approve all rehabili-
In FY 2015, 88 percent of the projects that used
the historic rehabilitation tax credit also took
advantage of at least one additional incentive
or form of publicly supported financing. Of
the additional incentives, 48 percent used
state historic preservation tax incentives, and
four percent used the federal low-income
housing credit. Additional incentives included
HUD programs such as HOME, Insured Loan
Programs, and the Community Development
Block Grant (CDBG) program; as well as the
New Markets Tax Credit Program, Tax Increment
Financing and USDA Rural Development Loan
Programs.Department of the Interior.
(	\
A certified historic structure is defined as a
building that is listed in the National Register of
Historic Places, either individually, as a contribut-
ing building in a National Register historic district,
or as a contributing building within a local historic
district that is certified by the U.S. Department of
the Interior.
\	J
2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide 111

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SNAPSHOT - HISTORIC MILLWORK DISTRICT, DUBUQUE, IA
r
Iowa's oldest city, Dubuque, traditionally prospered on logging, mill working, and manufacturing. Those
industries declined and vanished over several decades, leaving more than one million square feet
of vacant, former-factory space and many brownfields within Dubuque's Millwork District. The Millwork
District and its 19 contributing industrial buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places
in 2008. Between 2002 and 2016, the Dubuque community leveraged $34 million in Federal Historic
Tax Credits and $14 million in State of Iowa Historic Tax Credits to complete the rehabilitation and reuse
of its historic assets. The effort, which cost more than $202 million, included the redevelopment of the
Novelty Iron Works building; the Rouse, Dean & Company foundry; the Power Plant building; and the
Dubuque Linseed Oil Paint Company. With revitalization completed in 2012, the historic Millwork District
now employs 2,500 workers and includes one million square feet of mixed-use development and
entertainment spaces heated by an innovative district energy system.
tation projects seeking to use the 20 percent tax
credit. The rehabilitation must be consistent with the
historic character of the property. Owners seeking
to claim the 20 percent tax credit must complete a
detailed application process and maintain certification
throughout the rehabilitation work. Generally, the tax
credit is claimed in the year in which the rehabilitated
building is placed back into service. The owner of the
building must maintain ownership of the building for
five years after completing rehabilitation or be subject
to a staggered recapture of the tax credit.
In addition, a rehabilitation project must meet several
IRS criteria to qualify for the tax credit:
¦	The structure must be depreciable.
¦	The rehabilitation must be "substantially rehabili-
tated," defined as expenditures greater than $5,000
or expenditures that exceed the greater of the
adjusted basis of the building and its structural
components. The basis of the land will not be
considered.
¦	The property must be returned to an income-
producing use.
¦	The building must be maintained as a certified
historic structure when returned to service.
Under prior tax law, a 10 percent tax credit was
available for the rehabilitation of noncertified, nonresi-
dential buildings built before 1936. Former manufac-
turing facilities, office buildings, and hotels located
on a brownfield site easily qualified for this tax credit.
While tax reform legislation passed in 2017 repeals
this credit, rehabilitation work on older, noncerti-
fied, nonresidential structures built before 1936 may
continue to qualify for a credit equal to 10 percent of
the cost of the work under the prior law if the project
meets "transition rule" conditions. To claim this 10
percent rehabilitation tax credit, projects must have
met several physical structure tests.
Rehabilitation tax credits can be especially attractive
for cleanup and restoration of certified historic or
pre-1936 properties. An increasing number of states are
adopting their own rehabilitation tax incentive programs
and are encouraging developers to participate in both
the state and the federal programs to maximize benefits.
This opportunity creates a powerful incentive and
provides developers with increased cash flow, which
can make brownfields redevelopment projects more
financially viable. State programs typically offer tax
credits that range between 10 and 30 percent.
In 2017, the 1,025 completed historic rehabilitation
projects certified by the NPS represented $5.82 billion
in structural rehabilitation work eligible for the 20
percent tax credit and $6.5 billion in total rehabilita-
tion investment. Many of these properties, including
old mills, vacant industrial buildings, gas stations, and
abandoned production facilities, are in blighted areas
that are considered brownfields. Of the rehabilitation
projects certified in 2017, 50 percent were in low- and
moderate-income census tracts, and over 79 percent
were in economically distressed areas. Moreover,
a quarter of all certified rehabilitation projects were
in communities with populations under 50,000, and
over 15 percent were in communities with populations
under 25,000.
In 2017, this investment in rehabilitation led to the
creation of approximately 107,000 jobs, including
38,000 jobs in construction and 24,000 in manufactur-
ing. More than 6,000 of the housing units created with
rehabilitation tax credits were for low- and moderate-
income individuals. This demonstrates a link between
low-income housing tax credits and historic rehabilita-
tion tax credits. Moreover, rehabilitation tax credits
112 2019 Brownfields Federal Programs Guide

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are well-suited for smaller projects. In 2017, 20
percent of these tax credits were for projects of less
than $250,000 in size, and half of all projects were
less than $1 million in total cost.
Advantages for Brownfields Site
Redevelopers
Brownfields redevelopers can choose to sell or
syndicate rehabilitation tax credits in exchange for an
upfront cash investment in the project via a limited
partnership. This exchange can translate into more
upfront project funding. A developer may prefer a
larger cash flow infusion before cleanup and redevel-
opment work is carried out, rather than take a tax
credit at the end of the project or over the five-year
credit spread. Treasury regulations also allow the
transfer of qualified rehabilitation expenditures to a
new owner, provided the previous owner did not place
the property in service. In addition, rehabilitation tax
credits offer significant leveraging possibilities with:
¦	Low-income housing tax credits.
¦	Industrial development bonds.
¦	A variety of federal development programs described
earlier in this guide, including SBA, HUD's CDBG
program, and USDA Rural Development.
¦	Numerous state and local financing, tax incentive,
and bond programs.
Limitations
While historic rehabilitation tax credits can be
beneficial and flexible sources of funding, taking
advantage of these credits sometimes can be difficult.
Brownfields developers contemplating old or historic
sites for new uses need to consider the following:
¦	Reforms to the credit laws in 2017 require that
credits now be claimed over five years upon project
completion, rather than all in the year the restored
property was put back in service. This may affect
the upfront syndication value of these credits and
may require new flows of cash to address site
preparation needs.
¦	Once a building is placed into service, tax credits
are not officially awarded until the project is
reviewed and approved by the SHPO. This can take
time and affect project cash flow.
¦	Complying with the Americans with Disabili-
ties Act, pursuing LEED certification, installing
energy-efficient windows, and addressing environ-
mental considerations such as lead paint and
asbestos may impact a building's historic nature
and complicate project certification. Fortunately,
more SHPOs are gaining an understanding of the
brownfields process and what needs to be done to
achieve appropriate cleanups. In addition, some of
the new remediation and reconstruction techniques
are proving to be less disruptive to a structure's
historic integrity.
¦	Nonrefundable credits, such as the rehabilitation tax
credit, may not be used to reduce the alternative
minimum tax. If a taxpayer is not eligible for the
rehabilitation tax credit because of the alternative
minimum tax, the credit can be carried back or
forward.
¦	To claim any credit, the investment must exceed
the greater of $5,000 or the adjusted basis of the
building and its structural components. This require-
ment can necessitate a large rehabilitation expendi-
ture on a big project.
¦	Tax credit sales or syndications are most suitable for
larger projects and may not work at smaller projects
because of their transaction costs.
In addition, tax credit recapture scenarios need to be
avoided if the full value of the credit is to be realized.
The tax credits can be subject to recapture (at 20
percent over five years) if the property is disposed of
before five years after the credit is granted or if the
building is converted to tax-exempt use within five
years of being put back into service.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
National Park Service
Technical Preservation Services
1849 C St., NW, Mail Stop 7243
Washington, DC 20240
202-513-7270
http://www.nDS.aov/tps/
The NPS website provides access to detailed tax
incentive information, regulations, applications, and
rehabilitation standards, including an overview of the
Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives.
https://www.nps.gov/tps/tax-incentives.htm
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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
As communities become more concerned about the
economic and environmental impacts of the use of
fossil fuels and energy waste, renewable energy
technologies are expected to play a greater role in
meeting future electricity demand. The U.S. Energy
Information Administration estimates that renewable-
generated electricity will account for 31 percent of
total U.S. electricity generation in 2050. Technology
innovation, reduced costs, federal tax credits, loan
and grant programs, and state requirements will help
facilitate this growth.
Identifying and using land in areas that are amenable
to high-quality renewable energy alternatives will be
an essential component to developing new renewable
energy sources. EPA screened more than 80,000
potentially contaminated sites and solid waste landfills
covering nearly 43 million acres across the United
States for suitability to renewable energy generation
facilities. Tracked sites include brownfields, Superfund
sites, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) sites, abandoned mine lands, and landfills.
Maps depicting the locations of these EPA-tracked
sites and their potential for supporting renewable
energy generation can be found at: https://www.epa.
aov/re-powerina/re-powerina-mapper.
These maps enable users to view screening results for
various renewable energy technologies at each site.
Through coordination and partnerships among federal,
state, tribal, and other government agencies, as well
as utilities, communities, and the private sector, new
renewable energy facilities may be developed on many
potentially contaminated properties.
Combining energy incentives with contaminated
land cleanup incentives can allow investors and
communities to create economically viable, nonpollut-
ing, renewable energy redevelopment projects on
brownfields, particularly sites where local economic
conditions prohibit more conventional reuse of the site.
Over the past decade, several statutes created,
expanded, or extended incentive programs such as
tax incentives, loans, grants, and loan guarantees to
encourage renewable energy generation and energy
efficiency projects. This section contains information
about the federal tax incentives that are available
to potential developers considering the siting of
renewable energy generation and energy efficiency
projects on brownfields.
How the Programs Work
Energy-Efficient Commercial Buildings Tax
Deduction: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018
included an extension to the Energy-Efficient
Commercial Buildings Tax Deduction program, which
allows qualifying equipment installed prior to January
1, 2018, to receive a deduction. Equipment installed
on or after January 1, 2018, is not eligible to receive
this deduction.
The Energy-Efficient Commercial Buildings Tax
Deduction allows for a deduction of $1.80 per square
foot to owners of new or existing buildings who install
lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, or other systems
that reduce the building's total energy and power cost
by 50 percent or more in comparison to a building
meeting certain minimum requirements. Deductions
of $0.60 per square foot are available to owners of
buildings in which energy-efficiency measures are
installed but where total energy and power cost
savings from these improvements do not meet the 50
percent threshold.
The deductions are available primarily to building
owners. Deductions are taken in the year in which
construction is completed.
Business Energy Investment Tax Credit: The
business energy federal investment tax credit
provides incentives for the development and
deployment of renewable energy technologies. Prior
to 2005, a 10 percent federal investment tax credit
was available to businesses to offset capital expendi-
tures for solar or geothermal energy property. The
tax credit later was expanded to include fuel cells,
microturbines, and hybrid solar lighting systems,
and raised the tax credit for solar to 30 percent.
Subsequent legislation expanded the tax credits
significantly. All these renewable investment tax
Renewable energy in the United States, including
hydroelectric, wood, biofuels, wind, organic waste,
geothermal, and solar, accounted for more than
17 percent of the domestically produced electricity
in 2018, up from 10 percent in 2015.
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credits have been amended several times, and
credit values may fluctuate depending on the type
of technology and the year in which a system was
placed into service. Below is a summary of the
current tax credits available:
¦	Solar. Through 2019, the tax credit is equal to 30
percent of expenditures, with no maximum credit,
for eligible systems. For systems placed into service
in 2020, the tax credit reduces to 26 percent; for
systems placed into service in 2021, the tax credit
reduces to 22 percent; and for systems placed
into service in 2022 and subsequent years, the tax
credit reduces to 10 percent. Eligible solar energy
property includes equipment that uses solar energy
to generate electricity, heat or cool a structure, heat
water for use in a structure, provide solar-process
heat, and illuminate the inside of a structure using
fiber-optic distributed sunlight. Passive solar systems
and solar pool-heating systems are not eligible.
¦	Fuel Cells. The tax credit is equal to 30 percent of
expenditures, with no maximum credit. However,
the credit for fuel cells is capped at $1,500 per
0.5 kilowatt of capacity. Eligible property includes
fuel cells with a minimum capacity of 0.5 kilowatts
that have an electricity-only generation efficiency
of 30 percent or higher. This 30 percent credit will
step down in 2020, at a rate of 26 percent, and will
conclude at the end of 2022 at a rate of 22 percent.
¦	Small Wind Turbines. The tax credit is equal to 30
percent of expenditures, with no maximum credit.
Eligible small wind property includes wind turbines
up to 100 kilowatts in capacity. Like fuel cells,
credits for small wind turbines will step down in
2020 at a rate of 26 percent and will conclude at the
end of 2022 at a rate of 22 percent.
¦	Geothermal Systems. The tax credit is equal to 10
percent of expenditures, with no maximum credit
limit stated. Eligible geothermal energy property
includes geothermal heat pumps and equipment
used to produce power from a geothermal deposit.
The credit for geothermal energy property,
excluding geothermal heat pumps, has no stated
expiration date.
¦	Microturbines. The tax credit is equal to 10 percent
of expenditures, with no maximum credit limit
stated. The credit for microturbines is capped at
$200 per kilowatt of capacity. Eligible property
includes microturbines up to two megawatts in
capacity that have an electricity-only generation
efficiency of 26 percent or higher.
¦ Combined Heat and Power (CHP). A CHP system,
also known as cogeneration, recovers waste heat
from electrical generation equipment and uses the
heat energy to power heating, cooling, dehumidi-
fication, and other systems. The credit is equal to
10 percent of expenditures, with no maximum limit
stated. Eligible CHP property generally includes
systems up to 50 megawatts in capacity that
exceed 60 percent energy efficiency. The efficiency
requirement does not apply to CHP systems that
use biomass for at least 90 percent of the system's
energy source.
Generally, with these credits, the original use of
the equipment must begin with the taxpayer, or the
system must be constructed by the taxpayer. The
equipment also must meet any performance and
quality standards in effect at the time the equipment
is acquired. The energy property must be operational
in the year in which the credit is first taken. The law
allows utilities to use the credits and allows taxpayers
to take the credit against the alternative minimum tax,
subject to certain limitations.
Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit: The
federal renewable electricity production tax credit
(PTC) is an inflation-adjusted per-kilowatt-hour tax
credit for electricity generated by qualified energy
resources and sold by the taxpayer to an unrelated
person during the taxable year. This type of credit
differs from an investment tax credit, which reduces
federal income taxes based on capital investment in
renewable energy projects.
Only projects that began construction before
December 31. 2017 qualify for tax credits. The
duration of the credit generally is 10 years after
the date the facility is placed in service, with some
exceptions. The tax credit is reduced for projects that
receive other federal tax credits, grants, tax-exempt
financing, or subsidized energy financing. Taxpayers
eligible for the production tax credit may alterna-
tively take the business energy investment tax credit
(described above).
Renewable Energy Bonus Depreciation
Deduction: Businesses typically can deduct the
costs of capital expenditures over time according
to various depreciation schedules. Under the
IRS's modified accelerated cost recovery system
(MACRS), businesses may recover investments in
certain property through depreciation deductions.
Several renewable energy technologies are
classified as five-year property, which means that
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the cost of the equipment can be depreciated for
federal income tax purposes over a period of five
years, as determined by the IRS's depreciation
schedule. Such properties include solar-electric and
solar-thermal technologies, fuel cells and microtur-
bines, geothermal electric, small wind, combined
heat and power, and direct-use geothermal and
geothermal heat pumps.
Bonus depreciation has been sporadically available
at different levels during different years. The
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
included a 50 percent "bonus" depreciation for
eligible renewable energy systems. The federal
tax legislation that went into effect in early 2018
increased the first-year depreciation allowance to
100 percent for qualified property acquired and
placed in service after September 27, 2017, and
before January 1, 2023. The provision allows
taxpayers to deduct 100 percent of the cost of the
property in the year in which it was placed in service,
or retroactively claim 50 percent bonus depreciation
for property placed in service during 2010. With the
new law, bonus depreciation at the 100 percent
level also is eventually phased down 20 percent
each year for qualified property that is placed
in service after December 31, 2022, and before
January 1, 2027.
Various statutes enacted over the past few years
amended the bonus depreciation. Previously,
the bonus depreciation allowance applied only to
completely new property that had never been placed
into service by the taxpayer or other entity. Under
the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the deduction
applies to both new and used property purchased,
if the taxpayer had not utilized it prior to acquisition.
In addition, the property must be purchased from
someone unrelated to the taxpayer. Bonus deprecia-
tion for properties acquired before September 27,
2017 remains unchanged at 50 percent. The bonus
depreciation rules do not override the depreciation
limit applicable to projects qualifying for the business
energy investment tax credit. If a taxpayer takes
advantage of the business energy investment tax
credit, the amount of the bonus depreciation will
be reduced. For more information on the federal
MACRS, see IRS Publication 946.
¦ IRS Publication 946, How to Depreciate Property
https://www.irs.aov/forms-pubs/about-publication-946
Advantages for Brownfields Site
Redevelopers
As with the tax credits described in earlier sections,
integrating energy tax incentives into a project's
financing strategy can enhance project cash flow by
offsetting cleanup and construction costs. Using the
tax incentives can provide brownfields redevelop-
ers an added income boost. In many cases, these
incentives were made more practical when they were
made applicable to projects that begin construction
by the due date, rather than having to be completed
and placed into service. Energy projects can be ideal
at brownfields where market interest is insufficient
to support more traditional economic redevelopment
projects, or at large sites with few reuse options.
These properties often are idle for years and may
often be purchased relatively inexpensively.
Limitations
The descriptions of these incentives are simplified
versions of the information in the tax code, which
often contains additional caveats, restrictions, and
modifications. In addition, the long lead times for
many energy-related efforts may make the use of tax
credits infeasible, given the uncertainty of future tax
incentive extenders that may be needed as part of the
project's financing structure. Those interested in these
incentives should review the relevant sections of the
tax code in detail and consult with a tax professional
prior to making business decisions.
Assistance Useful during the Following Phase(s)
of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
There are many sources of additional information on
renewable energy and energy efficiency. Some of the
more comprehensive sources include:
¦	EPA's RE-Powering America's Land website
includes maps of the renewable energy potential of
current and formerly contaminated land and mine
sites, and fact sheets describing state incentives for
renewable energy development, https://www.epa.
aov/re-powerina
¦	DOE's Database of State Incentives for Renewables
and Efficiency (DSIRE) website is a comprehensive
source of information on state, local, utility, and
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SNAPSHOT - THE ANNAPOLIS ENERGY PARK, ANNAPOLIS, MD
v
The 16.8 megawatt Annapolis Renewable Energy Park broke ground in 2017. When complete, it will be
the largest solar project installed on a closed landfill in the United States. This solar facility has the capacity
to generate over 20,000 MWh of clean electricity per year on an 80-acre former city landfill, resulting in
more than $5 million in energy revenues for the power offtake users of the facility: the City of Annapolis,
Anne Arundel County, and Anne Arundel County Public Schools. As a capped landfill with a significant
elevation and no tree cover, the property was an ideal location for a solar field. State officials report that
the solar field will help Maryland electric service providers meet the state requirement that they obtain 25
percent of power from renewable sources by the year 2020. The solar park was built by a private sector
developer, BQ Energy, under a land-lease arrangement with the City of Annapolis. BQ Energy was able
to take a federal Investment Tax Credit covering 30 percent of eligible capital project costs, allowing the
company to pass a lower-cost energy supply to the public parties taking the energy output.
federal incentives that promote renewable energy
and energy efficiency. Established in 1995, funded
by DOE, and updated frequently, DSIRE is an
ongoing project of the North Carolina Solar Center
and the Interstate Renewable Energy Council Inc.
http://www.dsireusa.ora/
¦ EPA established the Combined Heat and Power
Partnership in 2001 to encourage cost-effective
CHP projects by fostering cooperative relationships
with the CHP industry, state and local governments,
and other stakeholders, https://www.epa.aov/chp
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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Land and
Emergency Management
(5105T)
EPA 560-B-19-001
September 2019
www.epa.gov/brownfields/

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