*• _ \
THE CONSOLIDATED HUMAN ACTIVITY
DATABASE (CHAD) Documentation and User's
Guide
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EPA-452/B-19-001
October 2019
THE CONSOLIDATED HUMAN ACTIVITY
DATABASE (CHAD)
Documentation and Users' Guide
By
Stephen Graham1, Kristin Isaacs2, Tom McCurdy23, and John Langstaff1
1 Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
2 National Exposure Research Laboratory
3 Retired
US EPA
Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
Pamela Hartman, Chris Stevens, Heidi Hubbard, Seth Hartley, Jonathan
Cohen, Autumn Bordner, Chris Holder, Nicole Vetter, AJ Overton, Isaac
Warren, Casey Cavanagh, Bryan Luukinen, and Whitney Mitchell
ICF
Durham, NC 27713
EP-W-12-01 0
Kristin Isaacs, Project Officer
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Disclaimer
This document has been prepared at least partially by ICF (through Contract Nos. EP-1-12-001 [WA 3-
38] and EP-W-12-010 [WA 4-55]). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use. This document has undergone EPA Technical review and has
been cleared for distribution.
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Table of Contents
Disclaimer iv
List of Tables 3
1. Introduction 6
2. Brief History of CHAD 7
2.1. Initial Development: 1997-1999 7
2.2. CHAD-2000 8
2.3. Development of CHAD-Master: 2000 to Present 8
3. CHAD Studies 10
3.1. Standardization of Time 14
3.2. Coding of Uncertain Activities 14
3.3. Coding of Missing or Non-sequential Activities 14
4. Content and Format of the Current CHAD-Master 15
5. MET for CHAD Activities 36
6. Development of Weather Data for CHAD 51
7. Contact Information 53
8. References 54
Appendix A: Human-activity Studies in CHAD-Master 55
A.1. Introduction 55
A.2. CHAD QA Procedures 55
Diary QA 55
Data-quality Indicators 56
Descriptive Variables 56
Quality-flag (QF) Variables 57
Quality-count Variables 58
QF Summaries 59
A.3. American Time Use Survey (ATUS), Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 60
Data Transfer 60
Study Details 61
Details of the Coding of Study Information 62
References 64
A.4. Baltimore Retirement Home Study (BAL) 89
Data Transfer 89
Study Details 89
Details of the Coding of Study Information 89
References 89
A.5. California Activity Pattern Studies (CAA, CAC, CAY) 91
Data Transfer 91
Study Details 91
Details of the Coding of Study Information 92
References 92
A.6. Cincinnati Activity Patterns Study (CIN) 98
Data Transfer 98
Study Details 98
Details of the Coding of Study Information 99
References 99
A.7. Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEA) 103
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Data Transfer 103
Study Details 103
Details of the Coding of Study Information 103
References 104
A.8. Denver, Colorado Personal Exposure Study (DEN) 105
Data Transfer 105
Study Details 105
Details of the Coding of Study Information 106
References 106
A.9. EPA Longitudinal Studies (EPA) 109
Data Transfer 109
Study Details 109
Details of the Coding of Study Information 109
References 110
A.10. Population Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) I, II, III (ISR) 111
Data Transfer 111
Study Details 111
Details of the Coding of Study Information 112
References 112
A.11. Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: Elementary School/High School (LAE/LAH)
117
Data Transfer 117
Study Details 117
Details of the Coding of Study Information 117
References 118
A. 12. National Human Activity Pattern Study (NHAPS): Air/Water (NHA/NHW) 119
Data Transfer 119
Study Details 119
Details of the Coding of Study Information 119
References 121
A. 13. National-scale Activity Study (NSA) 127
Data Transfer 127
Study Details 127
Details of the Coding of Study Information 127
References 130
A. 14. RTI Ozone Averting Behavior Study (OAB) 137
Data Transfer 137
Study Details 137
Details of the Coding of Study Information 137
References 137
A. 15. RTP Particulate Matter Panel Study (RTP) 139
Data Transfer 139
Study Details 139
Details of the Coding of Study Information 139
References 142
A. 16. Seattle Study (SEA) 145
Data Transfer 145
Study Details 145
Details of the Coding of Study Information 146
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References 149
A. 17. Study of Use of Products and Exposure-related Behaviors (SUP) 153
Data Transfer 153
Study Details 153
Details of the Coding of Study Information 154
References 154
A. 18. Valdez Air Health Study (VAL) 163
Data Transfer 163
Study Details 163
Details of the Coding of Study Information 163
References 163
A. 19. Washington, DC Study (WAS) 165
Data Transfer 165
Study Details 165
Details of the Coding of Study Information 166
References 166
Appendix B: Crosswalk between Previous and Current CHAD Activity Codes 168
List of Tables
Table 2-1. Activity Studies Incorporated into the Initial CHAD Development 8
Table 2-2. Activity Studies Incorporated into CHAD-2000 (in addition to those shown in Table
2-1 included in 1997-1999) 8
Table 2-3. Activity Studies Incorporated into CHAD-Master as of November 2016 (in addition to
those shown in Table 2.2 included in CHAD-2000) 9
Table 3-1. Overview of Activity Studies Included in CHAD-Master (as of November 2016).... 11
Table 4-1. CHAD Questionnaire Variables 16
Table 4-2. CHAD Events Variables 20
Table 4-3. Inventory of Variables: Questionnaire File 21
Table 4-4. Inventory of Variables: Events File 23
Table 4-5. CHAD Location Codes 24
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes 27
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions 37
Table 5-2. Relevant Shapes of Probability Distributions 50
Table 6-1. CHAD Weather Data 52
Table A.3-1. Assignment of ATUS Data to CHAD-Master 65
Table A.3-2. Assignment ATUS Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes 68
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes 69
Table A.3-4. Assignment of ATUS Education Codes to CHAD-Master Education Codes 85
Table A.3-5. Assignment of ATUS Occupation Codes to CHAD-Master Occupation Codes... 86
Table A.3-6. Assignment of ATUS Race Codes to CHAD-Master Race Codes 87
Table A.3-7. Values of ATUS Variables HUFAMINC/HEFAMINC for CHAD-Master Income
Codes 88
Table A.3-8. Assignment of ATUS Employed Codes to CHAD-Master Employed Codes 88
Table A.5-1. Assignment of CAA, CAY, and CAC Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location
Codes 93
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Table A.5-2. Assignment of CAA, CAY, and CAC Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity
Codes 95
Table A.6-1. Assignment of CIN Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes 100
Table A.6-2. Assignment of CIN Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes 102
Table A.7-1. CHAD-Master Variables with Corresponding Data from DEA 104
Table A.8-1. Assignment of DEN Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes 107
Table A.8-2. Assignment of DEN Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes 108
Table A. 10-1. Assignment of ISR Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes 113
Table A. 10-2. Assignment of ISR Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes 114
Table A.12-1. Assignment of NHAPS (NHA, NHW) Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location
Codes 122
Table A. 12-2. Assignment of NHAPS (NHA, NHW) Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity
Codes 124
Table A. 13-1. Assignment of NSA Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes 131
Table A. 13-2. Assignment of NSA Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes 131
Table A. 13-3. Assignment of NSA Variables to CHAD-Master Variables 132
Table A. 13-5. Assignment to CHAD-Master Locations for NSA Activities Recorded as "Travel
to another destination" 136
Table A. 14-1. CHAD-Master Variables with Corresponding Data from OAB 138
Table A. 15-1. Assignment of RTP Data to CHAD-Master 143
Table A. 16-1. Assignment of SEA Data to CHAD-Master 150
Table A. 17-1. Tier 1 Assignment of SUP Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes 155
Table A.17-2. Tier 1 Assignment of SUP Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes .... 157
Table A. 17-3. Tier 2 Assignment of SUP Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes 160
Table A.17-4. Tier 2 Assignment of SUP Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes .... 162
Table A. 18-1. Assignment of VAL Data to CHAD-Master 164
Table A. 19-1. Assignment of WAS Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes 167
Table A. 19-2. Assignment of WAS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes 167
Table B-1. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD
Activity Codes 169
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
APEX
Air Pollutants Exposure model
ATUS
American Time Use Survey
BAL
Baltimore Retirement Home Study
BLS
Bureau of Labor Statistics (part of U.S. Census Bureau)
CAA
California Adults Activity Patterns Study
CAC
California Children Activity Patterns Study
CATI
Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing
CAY
California Youth Activity Patterns Study
CHAD
Consolidated Human Activity Database
CIN
Cincinnati Activity Patterns Study
CO
Carbon monoxide
CPS
Current Population Survey
CSV
Comma-separated values
DC
District of Columbia
DEA
Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study
DEN
Denver, Colorado Personal Exposure Study
EMSL
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Also, the EPA Longitudinal Studies when referring to the
specific activity study.
HAPEM
Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model
ISR
PSID studies I, II, and III
LAE
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: Elementary School
LAH
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: High School
MET
Metabolic equivalent of task
NERL
National Exposure Research Laboratory
NHA
NHAPS Air Study
NHAPS
National Human Activity Pattern Study
NHW
NHAPS Water Study
NO A A
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NSA
National-scale Activity Study
OAB
RTI Ozone Averting Behavior Study
OAQPS
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
PEM
Personal exposure monitor
PM
Particulate matter
PM2.5
PM with diameters no larger than 2.5 microns
PSID
Population Study of Income Dynamics
QA
Quality assessment
QC
Quality control. Also, quality count when referring to QC variables in CHAD-Master.
QCLCD
Quality-controlled Local Climatological Dataset
QF
Quality flag
RTP
Research Triangle Park. Also, the RTP Particulate Matter Study when referring to the specific
activity study.
SEA
Seattle Study
SHEDS
Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulations model(s)
SUPERB
Study of Use of Products and Exposure-related Behaviors
SUP
Study of Use of Products and Exposure-related Behaviors (as CHAD component)
US (or U.S.)
United States
VAL
Valdez Air Health Study
WAS
Washington, DC Study
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1. Introduction
The Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD) is a comprehensive human-activity database
maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Exposure Research
Laboratory (NERL). CHAD currently (as of November 2016) contains approximately 180,000
individual person-days of detailed human behavior. The current CHAD data files are referred to as
"CHAD-Master," but CHAD in general is often referred to in this document simply as "CHAD."
The CHAD activity data come from numerous studies since 1982, conducted by a variety of
government, private, and other entities, and covering diverse local and nationwide population
demographics. New activity data are added to CHAD on an ongoing basis.
CHAD was created to support assessments of human exposure, intake doses, and risk by providing
scientists with accurate information on what people do every day. CHAD data can be used as input to a
variety of EPA exposure-simulation models including the
• Air Pollutants Exposure Model (APEX);
• Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulations (SHEDS) models for multimedia,
multipathway chemicals (SHEDS-Multimedia), high-throughput chemical exposure (SHEDS-
HT), particulate matter (SHEDS-PM), and air toxics (SHEDS-AirToxics); and
• Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM).
CHAD data are freely available to the public and are regularly used by scientists, academics, and private
organizations. Individuals who study human exposure and health, create or use models to assess
exposure and risk, and develop programs focusing on human health benefit from the information
included in CHAD. Furthermore, disciplines such as sociology, urban geography, urban economics,
urban planning, and transportation engineering frequently use research on human-activity patterns.
This Users' Guide is designed to inform any potential user of CHAD with details and summaries
regarding CHAD, its purpose, development history (which is ongoing), and structure. This Users' Guide
also describes relevant information on each activity study comprising CHAD and provides statistics
summarizing the activity and location data across CHAD. This Users' Guide will be updated
periodically as additional studies are incorporated into CHAD.
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2. Brief History of CHAD
2.1. Initial Development: 1997-1999
In an effort to improve the Multicity Activity Database—a data file of three large-scale human-activity
studies conducted in the 1980s (in Cincinnati, Ohio, Denver, Colorado, and Washington, DC; referred to
in CHAD respectively as CIN, DEN, and WAS)—NERL began development of CHAD in 1997 with the
assistance of ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc. (McCurdy et al., 2000). ManTech consulted
with scientists regarding human-activity studies, availability of data, and requirements of potential users
of a consolidated database, and they incorporated suggestions from the anticipated consumer base into
CHAD'S development (NERL, 1997). Concurrently, NERL began identifying and obtaining human-
activity datasets with sequential, variable-length activity information of at least 1 day in length, i.e.,
person-days or diary-days of recorded activity (McCurdy et al., 2000).
The list below identifies some of the key concerns and interests during this initial-development stage.
• Identify, adapt, or create an appropriately detailed coding structure to describe what study
respondents are doing and where they are doing it.
• Maintain potentially useful descriptors of study respondents, including their age, gender, race,
occupation, education level, health status (including certain maladies such as asthma), and various
household characteristics (including housing structures, climate control, appliances, and smokers).
• Bridge any gaps in the time series of a respondent's activities, in order to maintain a continuous time
series.
• Perform routine checks on data quality and provide corresponding quality flags in CHAD.
• Consider studies that are regional or national in scope or studies that follow an individual across a
substantial amount of time (e.g., a year).
The studies originally considered are listed in Table 2-1, with references to the sections in Appendix A
of this Users' Guide that describe them in more detail. The activity, location, and demographic codes
used in the National Human Activity Pattern Study formed the general basis for the codes used in
CHAD.
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Table 2-1. Activity Studies Incorporated into the Initial CHAD Development
Study Name
Section of Appendix A Where Study
is Described
Study Abbreviation in
CHAD
California Adults Activity Patterns Study
A.5
CAA
California Children Activity Patterns Study
A.5
CAC
California Youth Activity Patterns Study
A.5
CAY
Cincinnati Activity Patterns Study
A.6
CIN
Denver, Colorado Personal Exposure Study
A.8
DEN
National Human Activity Pattern Study: Air
A.12
NHA
National Human Activity Pattern Study: Water
A.12
NHW
Valdez Air Health Study
A.18
VAL
Washington, DC Study
A.19
WAS
2.2. CHAD-2000
By the year 2000, several additional studies (shown in Table 2-2) were included in CHAD and CHAD
was made available in a Microsoft® Access program with a graphical user interface to allow users to
browse the database and generate reports. The database ("CHAD-2000") incorporated 22,968 person-
days of recorded activity and included all available demographic data. Activity and location data were
allocated with 144 activity codes and 115 location codes to promote consistency (McCurdy et al., 2000).
CHAD-2000 also included available meteorological information, body-mass data, and values for
metabolic equivalent of task (MET; an energy-expenditure metric equal to a multiple of the basal or
resting metabolic rate, useful in estimating intake-dose rates via inhalation and dietary pathways; NERL,
2002).
Table 2-2. Activity Studies Incorporated into CHAD-2000 (in addition to those shown in Table 2-1 included
in 1997-1999)
Study Name
Section of Appendix A Where
Study is Described
Study Abbreviation in
CHAD
Baltimore Retirement Home Study
A.4
BAL
Population Study of Income Dynamics 1
A.10
ISR
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: Elementary School
A.11
LAE
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: High School
A.11
LAH
2.3. Development of CHAD-Master: 2000 to Present
Since the development of CHAD-2000, many studies have been added (shown in Table 2-3). The
current (November 2016) version of the database, known as "CHAD-Master," is a SAS®-based and
comma-separated-values (CSV) text dataset, with 23 studies. Additional studies will continue to be
added as they become available.
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Table 2-3. Activity Studies Incorporated into CHAD-Master as of November 2016 (in addition to those
shown in Table 2.2 included in CHAD-2000)
Study Name
Section of Appendix A
Where Study is Described
Study Abbreviation in
CHAD
American Time Use Survey, Bureau of Labor Statistics
A.3
BLS
Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study
A.7
DEA
EPA Longitudinal Studies
A.9
EPA
Population Study of Income Dynamics II
A.10
ISR
Population Study of Income Dynamics III
A.10
ISR
National-scale Activity Study
A.13
NSA
RTI Ozone Averting Behavior Study
A.14
OAB
RTP Particulate Matter Panel Study
A.15
RTP
Seattle Study
A.16
SEA
Study of Use of Products and Exposure-related Behaviors
A.17
SUP
In early 2015, EPA updated the set of activity codes used in CHAD so that some specific activities
undertaken by study respondents now have correspondingly specific activity codes, whereas they
previously were grouped with similar activities into broader, less-specific activity codes. For example,
the previous "Participate in sports" activity code included four specific sub-categories of activities
(Hunting, fishing, hiking; Golf; Bowling / pool / ping pong / pinball; and Yoga), and those not fitting
into those four sub-categories were allocated to the broad "Participate in sports" code. In early 2015, the
broad "Participate in sports, general" activity still exists, but there are now more than 30 sub-categories
spanning combat, racquet, team, water, and winter sports. The current set of CHAD activity codes is
shown in Section 4. A crosswalk from the previous activity codes to the current codes is provided in
Appendix B. For the purposes of using CHAD in APEX, MET distributions were updated in early 2015
to reflect the new set of activity codes, where specific activities are matched to specific MET
distributions where they are known (see discussion on MET data in Section 5).
CHAD-Master is designed to have a straightforward data format that will allow EPA to update it with
newly available data in a timely manner. The database contains two files, a Questionnaire file
(comprised of demographic and daily variables for each diary-day) and an Events file (comprised of the
human-activity records—activities and locations—for each diary-day). The files are fully indexed using
a unique CHADID for each diary-day.
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3. CHAD Studies
A total of 23 CHAD studies are currently included in CHAD, with 179,250 diary-days entered. The
geographic coverages range from specific cities to collections of metropolitan areas to the entire US, and
the respondents tend to be adults but some studies include (or are limited to) children. CHAD contains
human-activity data from these studies, coded into a harmonized set of location and activity codes. Note,
however, that the data collected in the original studies differed in level of detail in terms of activity,
location, and time resolution. In addition, the translation of the original study data into CHAD format was
performed by different individuals or groups. Therefore, the CHAD data themselves will vary in
specificity and resolution across the studies. One of the goals of this Users' Guide is to provide any user
with enough information to assess each study within CHAD for appropriateness for their application.
An overview of the studies is provided in Table 3-1 below. More detailed descriptions of each individual
study can be found in Appendix A. Appendix A also contains details on how the data from each study
were coded into CHAD, including quality-assessment (QA) steps. The remainder of Section 3 below
contains discussions on standardizing the time data and handling uncertain or missing data when
translating study data into CHAD.
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Table 3-1. Overview of Activity Studies Included in CHAD-Master (as of November 2016)
Study Name
Geographic
Coverage
Dates(as
incorporated
into CHAD)
Respondent Ages
(years; as
incorporated into
CHAD)
Data Gathering
Diary-days (as
incorporated
into CHAD)
Study References3
Baltimore Retirement
Home Study (BAL)
Baltimore
County, MD
01-02/1997
07-08/1998
>65
daily recall data collected
by study staff over a 3-
week period
391
Williams et al., 2000
American Time Use
Survey (ATUS), Bureau
of Labor Statistics (BLS)
Whole US
2003-2011
>15
24-hour recall data
collected by telephone
interview combining
structured questions and
conversational
interviewing
124,517
BLS, 2014
California Activity
Pattern Studies (CAA,
CAC, CAY)
California
CAA and CAY:
10/1987-
09/1988
CAC:
04/1989-
02/1990
CAA: 18-94
CAY: 12-17
CAC: <11
24-hour recall data
collected by telephone
interviews with
structured questions
CAA: 1,579
CAY: 183
CAC: 1,200
Wiley et al., 1991a; 1991b
Cincinnati Activity
Patterns Study (CIN)
Cincinnati, OH
03-04 and
08-09/1985
<86
activity diary and
background
questionnaire
2,614
Johnson, 1989
Detroit Exposure and
Aerosol Research Study
(DEA)
Detroit, Ml
06/2004-
10/2007
>18
activities recorded via
free-form entry, while
location data were
structured
340
Williams et al., 2008
Denver, Colorado
Personal Exposure
Study (DEN)
Denver, CO
11/1982-
02/1983
18-70
activity diary and
background
questionnaire
805
Johnson, 1984;
Johnson et al., 1986
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Table 3-1. Overview of Activity Studies Included in CHAD-Master (as of November 2016)
Study Name
Geographic
Coverage
Dates(as
incorporated
into CHAD)
Respondent Ages
(years; as
incorporated into
CHAD)
Data Gathering
Diary-days (as
incorporated
into CHAD)
Study References3
EPA Longitudinal
Studies (EPA)
Respondents
residing in
central NC
(Raleigh,
Durham, Chapel
Hill)
1999-2000,
2002,
2006-2008,
2012-2013
0, 35-72
paper diary; free-from
questionnaire
1,786
Isaacs et al., 2012
Population Study of
Income Dynamics
(PSID) 1, II, III (ISR)
Whole US
1: 02-12/1997
II: 2002-2003
111:09/2007—
05/2008
1: <12
II and II: <18
interviews; time diaries
1: 5,616
II: 4,997
III: 2,741
Alion Science and
Technology, 2012;
University of Michigan,
2014
Los Angeles Ozone
Exposure Study:
Elementary
School/High School
(LAE/LAH)
Los Angeles, CA
Fall/1989,
Fall/1990
10-17
real-time diaries
94
Roth Associates, 1988;
Spier et al., 1992
National Human
Activity Pattern Study
(NHAPS): Air/Water
(NHA/NHW)
48 states
09/1992-
10/1994
<93
telephone interview and
questionnaire
NHA: 4,723
NHW: 4,663
Klepeis et al., 1995;
Tsang and Klepeis, 1996
National-scale Activity
Study (NSA)
7 metropolitan
areas
06-09/2009
35-92
recall activity-diary
questionnaire
6,862
Knowledge Networks,
2009
RTI Ozone Averting
Behavior Study (OAB)
35 metropolitan
areas
07-09/2002,
08/2003
2-12
no information provided
at this time
2,907
Mansfield et al., 2009
RTP Particulate Matter
Panel Study (RTP)
Wake and
Orange Counties,
NC
06-11/2000,
01-05/2001
55-85
diaries recorded in real
time
998
Williams et al., 2001;
2003a,b
Seattle Study (SEA)
Seattle, WA
10/1999-
05/2001
6-91
diaries recorded in real
time
1,692
Liu et al., 2003
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Table 3-1. Overview of Activity Studies Included in CHAD-Master (as of November 2016)
Study Name
Geographic
Coverage
Dates(as
incorporated
into CHAD)
Respondent Ages
(years; as
incorporated into
CHAD)
Data Gathering
Diary-days (as
incorporated
into CHAD)
Study References3
Study of Use of
Products and Exposure-
related Behaviors (SUP)
California
06/2006-
03/2010
<88
24-hour recall data,
collected by phone
interview
9,446
Bennett et al., 2012
Valdez Air Health Study
(VAL)
Valdez, AK
04-05/1990,
08/1990,
02-03/1991
11-71
information not provided
397
Goldstein et al., 1992
Washington, DC Study
(WAS)
Washington, DC
11/1982-
02/1983
18-71
activity diary and
background
questionnaire
699
Hartwell et al., 1984;
Johnson et al., 1986;
Settergren et al., 1984
aThe full references of these citations are provided in each study's section in Appendix A.
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3.1. Standardization of Time
The activity data in each study should reflect activities for a complete 24-hour period that begins at
midnight. However, records from a study's original dataset (before incorporation into CHAD) may have
missing activity data such that a complete 24-hour period is not represented. Also, start and end times
may not be consistent from person to person in the study's original dataset. The CHAD variable
WRAPTIME indicates the true starting time diary-day as recorded in the study's original dataset. Any
diary event in the study's original dataset that crossed from one clock hour to another was divided at the
hour boundary, creating two diary events in CHAD (one ending at the hour and the other beginning at
the next hour, with cumulative duration maintained) rather than the original one diary event. This
convention was initially implemented to allow for easier merging between CHAD and EPA air-quality
data in EPA's exposure models.
3.2. Coding of Uncertain Activities
In a number of diary records in the original study datasets, the applicable CHAD activity code was
uncertain. These are coded as "U". Too many instances of the "U" code would result in a record with a
large amount of uncertain activity time. Activities coded as "U" are distinct from activities not recorded
at all, since other data may have been provided (such as the location, the presence of smokers, etc.).
Often, "U" signifies a combination of activities (such as eating and TV watching) for which the
respondent was uncertain of the proper coding method.
3.3. Coding of Missing or Non-sequential Activities
Missing data may result from unreported gaps in the diary data, diaries that are shorter than 24 hours, or
missing questionnaire data. This could result when the original study did not cover a full 24 hours, the
original respondent was non-compliant in some way, or the original study design allowed respondents to
code certain activities as personal or refused. Blank diary data or gaps in diary data are filled by
"dummy" activity records that have activity = "X" and location = "X", indicating that the activity and
location information are not known.
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4. Content and Format of the Current CHAD-
Master
CHAD-Master consists of two files. The Questionnaire file contains demographic and daily variables for
each diary-day in CHAD. The corresponding Events file contains the time series of human-activity
records (activities and locations) for each diary-day. The two files are indexed by a unique CHAD ID for
each diary-day, composed of a three-letter study identifier (see Table 3-1), a respondent index, and a day
identifier for the respondent. The tables listed below describe the variables and codes which make up
CHAD-Master.
CHAD Contents
Table 4-1. Descriptive table of the CHAD questionnaire variables.
Table 4-2. Descriptive table of the CHAD events variables.
Questionnaire Inventory
Table 4-3. An inventory table describing available CHAD Questionnaire variables for each study.
Events Inventory
Table 4-4. An inventory table describing available CHAD Events variables for each study.
CHAD Codes
Table 4-5. A listing of the harmonized CHAD location codes.
Table 4-6. A listing of the harmonized CHAD activity codes.
Table 4-5 and Table 4-6 contain the location (loc) and activity (act) codes used in the Events file. These
codes were determined from the activity and location information collected in the original studies. Note
that the codes are hierarchal in nature (Tier 1 through Tier 4, with Tier 1 representing the major location
or activity category and each subsequent tier representing more detailed levels of location or activity).
The specificity of the codes used for each study depends on the level of detail collected in the original
study protocol.
15
-------
Table 4-1. CHAD Questionnaire Variables
CHAD
Variable
Format
Description
ValuesJ
Diary Variables
CHADID
Character
EPA-assigned ID for this diary-day
text 1D
rawid
Character
Raw data ID in the current study. May be
missing or anonymized based on conditions
imposed by the original investigators for
inclusion in CHAD.
study
Character
EPA-assigned three-letter abbreviation used
for the study (first three letters of CHADID)
chadbase
Character
EPA-assigned ID for this respondent
daynum
Numeric
Index of current diary-day for this respondent
Integer, 1 though totaldays
totaldays
Numeric
Number of diary-days in CHAD for this
respondent
Integer
Date Variables
month
Numeric
Month of diary-day
number, 1 through 12
daymonth
Numeric
Day of the month of diary-day
1 though 31
year
Numeric
Year of diary-day
e.g., 1999
dayofweek
Character
Day of the week (abbreviation)
SUN
MON
TUE
WED
THU
FRI
SAT
wdwe
Character
Day type of diary-day
WE Weekend
WD Weekday
weekend
Numeric
Flag for weekend for current diary-day
0 No
1 Yes
Location Variables
county
Character
County of residence
Name of county
state
Character
State of residence
Name of state
zipcode
Character
Zip code of residence
Zip code
Weather Variables
avgtemp
Numeric
Average temperature for diary-day
Degrees F
maxtemp
Numeric
Maximum temperature for diary-day
inchrain
Numeric
Inches of rainfall for diary-day
Inches
hourrain
Numeric
Hours of rainfall for diary-day
Hours
Personal Variables
age
Numeric
Age
Age in years (may be age 0)
gender
Character
Gender
Male/Female (M/F)
weight
Numeric
Weight
kg
16
-------
Table 4-1. CHAD Questionnaire Variables
CHAD
Variable
Format
Description
Values3
education
Character
Level of education
N None
SE Some elementary
E Elementary school
SH Some high school
H High school graduate
SC Some college
C College graduate
SG Some graduate school
G Graduate or professional degree
occup
Character
U.S. Census Bureau occupation group
ADMIN Executive, Administrative, and
Managerial
PROF Professional
TECH Technicians
SALE Sales
ADMSUP Administrative support
HSHLD Private Household
PROTECT Protective Services
SERV Services
FARM Farming, Forestry, and Fishing
PREC Precision Production, Craft, and
Repair
MACH Machine Operators, Assemblers,
and Inspectors
TRANS Transportation and Material
Moving
LABOR Handling, Equipment Cleaners,
Helpers, Laborers
race
Character
Racial/Ethnic group
W White
B Black
A Asian
H Hispanic
0 Other
income
Numeric
Household income before taxes
Income in thousands of dollars (at time
of original study, so not adjusted for
inflation)
housingtype
Character
Best description of living quarters
SF A one-family house detached from
any other house
MF A one-family house attached to one
or more houses
AP An apartment building
MT A mobile home or trailer
0 Other
17
-------
Table 4-1. CHAD Questionnaire Variables
CHAD
Variable
Format
Description
Values3
heatingtype
Character
Type of heating for living quarters
S Steam or hot water system
VB Furnaces and nonportable room
heaters
E Other built-in electric units (installed
in wall, ceiling, baseboard etc.)
UV Room heaters without flue or vent
burning gas, oil, or kerosene;
fireplaces
0 Other
WH No heating method
fueltype
Character
Fuel or energy source used to heat living
quarters
G Gas
ES Electric or solar
OK Fuel oil or kerosene
C Coal or coke
W Wood
NF No fuel used
0 Other
hrsworked
Character
Hours worked in the last 7 days
Number of hours:
0
0_9
10_19
20_29
30_39
40_49
50_79
80_
Personal Flag
s
aircond
Character
Air conditioning
YES/NO (Y/N)
asthma
Character
Having asthma
employed
Character
Employed outside home
fulltime
Character
Working full-time
garage
Character
Attached garage
gasstove
Character
Gas stove used in house
heartlung
Character
Having a heart or lung condition
pesticides
Character
Pesticide exposure
student
Character
Attending school
smoker
Character
Being a smoker
nearsmoker
Character
Having been around smoker
pregnant
Character
Being pregnant
Quality Variables
qcactloc
Numeric
Total minutes where QFACTLOC=l (indicating
location/activity mismatch)
minutes
qceattime
Numeric
Total eating minutes on diary-day
18
-------
Table 4-1. CHAD Questionnaire Variables
CHAD
Variable
Format
Description
Values3
qcheavy
Numeric
Total minutes in heavy breathing (as reported
by survey respondent)
qcinfer
Numeric
Total minutes that were inferred from
previous location when act was missing
qclong
Numeric
Longest number of minutes in the same
act/loc
qcmeals
Numeric
Number of meals (groups of eating events
separated by non-eating events) on diary-day
# meals
qcmetab
Numeric
Total minutes in activities with mean MET>3
minutes
qcmiss
Numeric
Total missing minutes (either act or loc)
qcsleep
Numeric
Total sleep minutes on diary-day
qftravel
Numeric
Flag indicating AM/PM (6-9 AM/4-7 PM)
travel time inconsistencies. Flag is ON if (1)
Person is employed AND (2) diary is a weekday
AND (3) AM and PM travel time disagree
within a factor of 2 AND (4) AM or PM travel
time was 30 minutes or greater
1/0 (ON/OFF)
recount
Numeric
Number of records (events) on the diary-day
integer
wraptime
Character
Actual diary-day start time before wrapping
into the standard midnight-midnight format
four-digit 24-hour time
aMissing numeric variables are given as -999; missing character variables are given as 'X'.
19
-------
Table 4-2. CHAD Events Variables
CHAD Variable
Format
Description
Values
CHADID
Character
EPA-assigned ID for this diary-day
text ID
starttime
Character
Time of start of event
four-digit 24-hour time
endtime
Character
Time of end of event
four -digit 24-hour time
duration
Numeric
Duration of event
minutes
act
Character
CHAD activity code
six-digit code
loc
Character
CHAD location code
actdesc
Character
Original activity description from survey
text string (up to 100 characters)
qfactloc
Numeric
Quality flag for activity/location logic
mismatch (for example, activity is outdoor
activity, location is not outdoor)
0 no 1 yes
qfinfer
Numeric
Quality flag for inference of data done by
coder
qfmetab
Numeric
Quality flag for an event with mean MET>3
gasstove
Character
Gas stove used during event
YES/NO (Y/N), X if missing
smoking
Character
Smokers near
heavybreathing
Character
Heaving breathing
cookingself
Character
Cooking by self
cookingother
Character
Cooking by other
ETSmon
Character
ETS indicated by personal monitoring
vocs
Character
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) near
windowsopen
Character
Windows open (car or house)
YES/NO (Y/N), X if missing
combustion
Character
Combustion occurring (candle or cooking, etc.)
seq
Numeric
Sequential event number for this respondent
on this diary-day
1 to n, where n is the number of
events
study
Character
EPA-assigned three-letter abbreviation used
for the study (first three letters of CHADID)
text ID
rawid
Character
Raw data ID in the current study. May be
missing or anonymized based on conditions
imposed by the original investigators for
inclusion in CHAD.
20
-------
Table 4-3. Inventory of Variables: Questionnaire File
Study
airconc
asthma
county
education
fulltime
employed
garage
gasstove
heartlung
fueltype
heatingtype
hrsworked
housingtype
income
occup
pesticides
pregnant
01
u
(0
student
smoker
nearsmoker
state
weight
(0
01
£
re
01
§
zipcode
American Time Use Survey
-
-
S
P
P
P
-
-
S
-
-
P
-
P
p
-
P
p
P
-
-
P
S
p
-
(ATUS), Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS)
Baltimore
P
-
P
-
P
P
P
P
-
P
P
P
P
-
-
-
-
p
P
P
-
P
-
p
P
Retirement Home Study (BAL)
California Adults Activity
P
-
P
P
P
P
P
P
-
P
P
P
P
P
p
P
-
-
P
P
P
P
-
p
P
Patterns Study (CAA)
California Children Activity
P
-
P
P
-
-
P
P
-
P
P
-
P
P
-
P
-
-
P
P
P
P
-
p
P
Patterns Study (CAC)
California Youth Activity
P
-
P
P
P
P
P
P
-
P
P
P
P
P
p
P
-
-
P
P
P
P
-
p
P
Patterns Study (CAY)
Cincinnati Activity Patterns
P
P
-
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
-
-
-
p
P
P
-
-
-
p
-
Study (CIN)
Detroit Exposure and Aerosol
P
-
-
-
-
P
P
P
-
P
P
-
P
-
-
-
-
p
P
P
P
P
P
p
-
Research Study (DEA)
Denver, Colorado Personal
P
-
-
-
S
S
P
P
-
-
P
-
P
-
p
-
-
-
-
P
-
P
-
p
-
Exposure Study (DEN)
EPA Longitudinal Studies (EPA)
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
-
p
-
P
p
P
P
P
P
P
pb
P
Population Study of Income
-
P
-
P
P
P
-
-
P
-
-
P
-
P
-
-
-
p
P
P
-
-
P
p
-
Dynamics (PSID) 1 (ISR)
Population Study of Income
-
-
-
-
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
p
-
-
-
P
P
p
-
Dynamics (PSID) II (ISR)
Population Study of Income
P
P
-
P
-
P
-
-
P
P
p
P
-
-
P
P
p
-
Dynamics (PSID) III (ISR)
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure
-
-
P
P
P
P
-
-
P
-
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
p
P
-
P
P
P
p
-
Study: Elementary School (LAE)
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure
-
-
P
P
P
P
-
-
P
-
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
p
P
-
P
P
P
p
-
Study: High School (LAH)
National Human Activity
-
P
-
P
P
P
P
P
P
s
S
P
P
-
-
P
S
p
P
P
S
P
-
p
P
21
-------
Table 4-3. Inventory of Variables: Questionnaire File
Study
airconc
asthma
county
education
fulltime
employed
garage
gasstove
heartlung
fueltype
heatingtype
hrsworked
housingtype
income
occup
pesticides
pregnant
01
u
(0
student
smoker
nearsmoker
state
weight
(0
01
£
re
01
§
zipcode
Pattern Study (NHAPS): Air
(NHA)
National Human Activity
-
P
-
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
-
-
P
S
p
P
P
P
P
-
p
P
Pattern Study (NHAPS): Water
(NHW)
National-scale Activity Survey
-
P
P
P
P
P
-
-
P
-
-
P
P
P
-
-
-
p
-
-
-
P
-
p
-
(NSA)
RTI Ozone Averting Behavior
-
P
-
-
-
P
-
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
p
-
P
P
P
-
p
P
Study (OAB)
RTP Particulate Matter Panel
-
-
P
-
-
-
P
P
P
-
-
-
P
-
-
-
-
p
-
-
-
P
-
p
-
Study(RTP)
Seattle Study (SEA)
P
-
-
-
-
-
P
-
P
-
P
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
-
p
-
Study of Use of Products and
-
-
P
P
-
P
P
p
-
P
-
P
-
p
-
Exposure-related Behaviors
(SUP)
Valdez Air Health Study (VAL)
P
-
P
-
-
P
P
-
P
P
P
-
-
-
p
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
P
pb
-
Washington, DC Study (WAS)
-
-
-
-
S
P
P
P
P
-
-
-
-
-
p
-
-
-
-
P
P
-
-
p
-
Notes: P = variable present for all (or most) diary-days; S = variable present for some, but not most, of diary-days; - = variable missing for all diary-days in study. The
following variables were assumed to be present in all studies: Age, Gender, Date, DayofWeek, Day, Year, Month, WEWD, Weekend.
a"Weather" in this table corresponds to the following discrete CHAD variables: AvgTemperature, MaxTemperature, Rainfalllnches, RainfallHours.
bRainfall for Valdez is not available. RainfallHours is missing for all EPA data.
22
-------
Table 4-4. Inventory of Variables: Events File
Study Name
1
C
(D
§
5
(O
smoking
heavybreathing
cookingself
cookingother
ETSmon
in
u
O
>
windowsopen
combustion
American Time Use Survey (ATUS), Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS)
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Baltimore Retirement Home Study (BAL)
-
p
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
California Adults Activity Patterns Study (CAA)
P
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
California Children Activity Patterns Study (CAC)
P
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
California Youth Activity Patterns Study (CAY)
P
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cincinnati Activity Patterns Study (CIN)
P
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study
(DEA)
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Denver, Colorado Personal Exposure Study
(DEN)
-
p
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EPA Longitudinal Studies (EPA)
P
-
P
P
S
S
-
P
P
P
Population Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) 1
(ISR)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Population Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) II
(ISR)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Population Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) III
(ISR)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: Elementary
School (LAE)
-
-
P
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: High School
(LAH)
-
P
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
National Human Activity Pattern Study
(NHAPS): Air(NHA)
P
-
P
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
National Human Activity Pattern Study
(NHAPS): Water (NHW)
P
-
P
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
National-scale Activity Survey (NSA)
P
-
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
RTI Ozone Averting Behavior Study (OAB)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
RTP Particulate Matter Panel Study (RTP)
P
-
P
-
P
P
P
P
-
-
Seattle Study (SEA)
P
-
P
-
P
P
-
-
-
-
Study of Use of Products and Exposure-related
Behaviors (SUP)
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Valdez Air Health Study (VAL)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Washington, DC Study (WAS)
-
p
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-------
Table 4-5. CHAD Location Codes
Location Code
Location
30000
Residence, General
30010
Your Residence
30020
Other's Residence
30100
Residence, indoor
30120
Your residence, indoor
30121
Kitchen
30122
Living room / family room
30123
Dining room
30124
Bathroom
30125
Bedroom
30126
Study / Office
30127
Basement
30128
Utility room / Laundry room
30129
Other indoor
30130
Other's residence, indoor
30131
Other's Kitchen
30132
Other's living room / family room
30133
Other's Dining room
30134
Other's Bathroom
30135
Other's Bedroom
30136
Other's Study / Office
30137
Other's Basement
30138
Other's utility room / laundry room
30139
Other indoor
30200
Residence, Outdoor
30210
Your residence, Outdoor
30211
Your residence - Pool, spa
30219
Your residence - Other outdoor
30220
Other's residence, outdoor
30221
Other's residence - Pool, spa
30229
Other's residence - Other outdoor
30300
Garage
30310
Indoor garage
30320
Outdoor garage
30330
Your garage
30331
Your indoor garage
30332
Your outdoor garage
30340
Other's garage
30341
Other's indoor garage
30342
Other's outdoor garage
24
-------
Table 4-5. CHAD Location Codes
Location Code
Location
30400
Other, residence
31000
Travel, general
31100
Motorized travel
31110
Travel by car
31120
Travel by truck
31121
Travel by truck (pick-up van)
31122
Travel by Truck (other than pick-up or van)
31130
Travel by Motorcycle /moped /motorized scooter
31140
Travel by bus
31150
Travel by Train / Subway / rapid transit
31160
Travel by airplane
31170
Travel by boat
31171
Travel by motorized boat
31172
Travel by unmotorized boat
31200
Non-motorized travel
31210
Travel by walk
31220
Travel by bicycle / skateboard /roller-skates
31230
Travel in a stroller or carried by an adult
31300
Waiting
31310
Wait for bus, train, ride (at stop)
31320
Wait for travel, indoors
31900
Other travel
31910
Travel by other vehicle
32000
Other, indoor general
32100
Office building / bank / post office
32200
Industrial plant / factory / warehouse
32300
Grocery store / convenience store
32400
Shopping mall / non-grocery store
32500
Bar / night club / bowling alley
32510
Bar / Night Club
32520
Bowling alley
32600
Repair shop
32610
Auto repair shop /gas station
32620
Other repair shop
32700
Indoor gym / sports or health club
32800
Childcare facility
32810
Childcare facility, house
32820
Childcare facility, commercial
32900
Public building / library / museum /theater
32910
Auditorium, sport's arena / concert hall
25
-------
Table 4-5. CHAD Location Codes
Location Code
Location
32920
Library / courtroom / museum /theater
33100
Laundromat
33200
Hospital / health care facility /doctor's office
33300
Beauty parlor / barber shop /hair dresser's
33400
At work : no specific location, moving among locations
33500
At School
33600
At Restaurant
33700
At Church
33800
At Hotel /Motel
33900
At Dry cleaners
34100
Parking garage
34200
Laboratory
34300
Other, indoor
35000
Other outdoor, general
35100
Sidewalk / street / neighborhood
35110
Within 10 yards of street
35200
Public garage / parking lot
35210
Public garage
35220
Parking lot
35300
Service station / gas station
35400
Construction site
35500
Amusement park
35600
School grounds / playgrounds
35610
School grounds
35620
playground
35700
Sports stadium and amphitheater
35800
Park /golf course
35810
Park
35820
Golf course
35900
Pool, river, lake
36100
Restaurant, picnic
36200
Farm
36300
Other outdoor
U
Uncertain
X
Missing
Note on formatting: The bolded entries correspond to "Tier 1" location. Left-justified entries that are not bolded
correspond to Tier 2 codes. Single-indented entries correspond to Tier 3 codes. Double-indented entries correspond to the
Tier 4 codes.
26
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
10000
Work and other income producing activities, general
10100
Work, General
10110
Work, general, for organizational activities
10111
Work for professional/union organizations
10112
Work for special interest identity organizations
10113
Work for political party and civic participation
10114
Work for volunteer/ helping organizations
10115
Work of/for religious groups
10116
Work for fraternal organizations
10117
Work for child / youth / family organizations
10118
Work for other organizations
10120
Work, income-related only
10130
Work, secondary (income-related)
10200
Unemployment
10300
Breaks
11000
Household activities, general
11001
Other household
11100
Prepare food, general
11101
Washing
11110
Prepare and clean-up food
11120
Cooking
11121
Baking
11122
Fry, grill, saute
11130
Simple food preparation
11131
Cutting/chopping
11200
Indoor chores, general
11210
Move things
11220
Put things away
11230
Straighten up
11231
Make bed
11240
Clean-up food
11300
Outdoor chores, general
11301
Shoveling
11310
Clean outdoors
11320
Chop wood
11330
Garden
11331
Harvest
11332
Watering
11333
Weeding
11340
Lawn/grass
27
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
11341
Lawn watering
11342
Lawn weeding
11343
Mowing
11344
Pruning
11345
Use rake/leaf blower
11350
Load/unload
11360
Mechanical chores
11370
Move objects
11400
Care of clothes, general
11401
Fold/sort
11410
Wash clothes
11411
Hand wash/dry
11412
Laundry
11420
Maintain clothes
11421
Mend/sew
11422
Press/iron/steam
11500
Build a fire
11600
Repair, general
11610
Repair of boat
11620
Paint home / room
11630
Repair / maintain car
11640
Home repairs, general
11641
Home improvement/construction, moderate level
11642
Home maintenance, low level
11650
Other repairs
11700
Care of plants, general
11710
Care of plants, low level
11720
Care of plants, moderate level
11800
Care for pets/animals
11900
Clean house, general
11901
Collect/empty trash
11902
Mop
11903
Sweep
11904
Vacuum
11910
Clean house, heavy
11911
Clean bathroom
11912
Clean carpet
11913
Clean floors
11914
Clean kitchen
11915
Wash windows
28
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
11920
Clean house, light
11921
Dust
11922
Use aerosol cleaner/freshener
12000
Child care, general
12100
Care of baby
12200
Care of child
12300
Help / teach
12400
Talk /read
12500
Play indoors
12600
Play outdoors
12700
Medical care-child
12800
Other child care
13000
Obtain goods and services, general
13100
Dry clean
13200
Shop/run errands, general
13201
Errands for children or pets
13202
Shopping, general
13203
Shop at mall or superstore
13210
Shop for food, general
13211
Grocery shopping
13212
Shop for meals/snacks
13220
Shop for clothes or household goods
13230
Run errands
13300
Obtain personal care service
13400
Obtain medical service
13500
Obtain government / financial services
13600
Obtain car services
13700
Other repairs
13800
Other services
14000
Personal needs and care, general
14001
Wake up
14100
Shower, bathe, personal hygiene
14110
Shower, bathe, general
14111
Bathe
14112
Shower
14120
Personal hygiene, general
14121
Use restroom
14122
Wash hands/teeth/face
14200
Medical care, general
14201
Use nebulizer/oxygen machine
29
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
14210
Feel sick
14300
Help and care
14400
Eat
14500
Sleep or nap
14600
Dress, groom
14700
Other personal needs
15000
General education and professional training
15100
Attend full-time school
15110
Attend day-care
15120
Attend K-12
15130
Attend college or trade school
15140
Attend adult education and special training
15200
Attend other classes
15300
Do homework
15400
Use library
15500
Other education
16000
Social activities, general
16001
Gamble
16002
Go to park or festival
16100
Attend sports events
16200
Participate in social, political, or religious activities
16210
Practice religion
16300
Watch movie
16400
Attend theater
16500
Visit museums
16600
Visit
16700
Attend a party, general
16701
Attend a party, dance
16702
Attend a party, eat/drink
16703
Attend a party, sit/stand
16704
Attend a party, talk
16705
Attend a party, walk
16800
Go to bar/lounge
16900
Other entertainment / social events
17000
Leisure, general
17010
Indoor leisure
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
17112
Golf
17113
Bowling / pool / ping pong / pinball
17114
Yoga
30
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
17120
Participate in outdoor leisure
17121
Passive, sitting
17140
Create art, music, participate in hobbies
17141
Participate in hobbies
17142
Create domestic crafts
17143
Create art
17144
Perform music / drama / dance
17150
Play, unspecified, general
17151
Play, unspecified, low level
17152
Play, unspecified, moderate level
17160
Use of computers
17170
Participate in recess and physical education
17180
Other sports and active leisure, general
17200
Passive leisure, general
17201
Indoor passive leisure
17210
Watch
17211
Watch adult at work
17212
Watch someone provide childcare
17213
Watch personal care
17214
Watch education
17215
Watch organizational activities
17216
Watch recreation
17220
Listen to radio / listen to recorded music / watch T.V.
17221
Listen to radio
17222
Listen to recorded music
17223
Watch TV
17230
Read, general
17231
Read books
17232
Read magazines / not ascertained
17233
Read newspaper
17240
Converse / write
17241
Converse
17242
Write for leisure / pleasure / paperwork
17250
Think and relax
17260
Other passive leisure
17300
Other leisure
17400
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit), general
17410
Bike, general
17411
Bike
17412
Cycles, other
31
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
17413
Tricycle
17420
Run or jog, general
17421
Run around,casual
17422
Running, vigorous/sustained
17430
Walk, general
17431
Crawl
17432
Use of walker
17433
Walk dog
17434
Walk for chores
17435
Walk inside
17500
Participate in sports, general
17501
Archery
17502
Equestrian sports
17503
Frisbee
17504
Gymnastics
17505
Skateboarding
17506
Skating
17507
Track
17510
Combat sports
17511
Boxing
17512
Fencing
17513
Martial arts
17514
Wrestling
17520
Racquet sports
17521
Badminton
17522
Racquetball
17523
Squash
17524
Tennis
17530
Team sports
17531
Baseball
17532
Basketball
17533
Cheerleading
17534
Dodgeball
17535
Football
17536
Hockey
17537
Kickball
17538
Lacrosse
17539
Rugby
17541
Soccer
17542
Softball
32
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
17543
Volleyball
17550
Water sports
17551
Surfing
17552
Swimming
17560
Winter sports
17600
Play games, general
17610
Active games
17611
Fighting
17612
Running games
17613
Trampoline
17620
Board games/card games
17621
Board games
17622
Bingo
17623
Card games
17630
Dress-up/make believe
17640
Low energy games
17641
Arts and crafts
17642
Play with books
17643
Writing/drawing
17650
Outdoor play
17651
Playground/swings
17660
Play with animals
17670
Puzzles
17671
Jigsaw puzzle
17672
Word puzzle
17680
Toys
17681
Toy balls
17690
Video games
17691
Active video games
17692
Computer games
17700
Active leisure, general
17701
Camping
17702
Caving/rock climbing
17703
Climb trees/structures
17710
Dance
17720
Hiking
17730
Horseback riding
17740
Water recreation
17741
Boating
17742
Recreational swim
33
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
17743
Scuba diving
17800
Exercise, general
17810
Cardiovascular exercise
17811
Aerobics
17812
Bike for exercise
17813
Run or jog for exercise
17814
Swim for exercise
17815
Walk for exercise
17820
Strength/stretching
17821
Lift weights
17822
Physical therapy
17823
Stretching
18000
Travel, general
18010
Travel by bus, general
18020
Travel by foot, general
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18040
Wait, general
18100
Travel during work, general
18110
Travel during work by bus
18120
Travel during work by foot
18130
Travel during work by motor vehicle
18131
Travel during work, drive a motor vehicle
18132
Travel during work, ride in a motor vehicle
18140
Travel during work, wait
18200
Travel to/from work, general
18210
Travel to/from work by bus
18220
Travel to/from work by foot
18230
Travel to/from work by motor vehicle
18231
Travel to/from work, drive a motor vehicle
18232
Travel to/from work, ride in a motor vehicle
18240
Travel to/from work, wait
18300
Travel for education, general
18310
Travel for education by bus
18320
Travel for education by foot
18330
Travel for education by motor vehicle
18331
Travel for education, drive a motor vehicle
18332
Travel for education, ride in a motor vehicle
18340
Travel for education, wait
34
-------
Table 4-6. CHAD Activity Codes
Activity Code
Activity
U
Uncertain
X
Missing
Note on formatting: The bolded entries correspond to "Tier 1" activity. Left-justified entries that are not bolded correspond
to Tier 2 codes. Single-indented entries correspond to Tier 3 codes. Double-indented entries correspond to the Tier 4
codes.
35
-------
5. MET for CHAD Activities
Each CHAD activity event has a corresponding CHAD activity code with an associated MET
distribution. A MET is defined as the ratio of the metabolic rate achieved while completing an
activity to the basal (resting) metabolic rate and is used in the calculation of the ventilation rate.
As of August 2014, there were 142 numbered and named CHAD activity codes, plus the
"Uncertain" and "Missing" codes (totaling 144 activity codes). These were expanded in early
2015 to 320 numbered and named CHAD activity codes, plus "Uncertain" and "Missing" (see
Table 4-6). The new set of activity codes consisted of new activity sub-categories (referred to
"refined activities" and numbering 218) to replace some previously aggregated activities.
MET distributions were developed for each refined activity code using the Compendium of
Physical Activities (Ainsworth et al., 2011; hereafter "the compendium"). The compendium was
developed for use in epidemiological studies and contains a point value for the MET associated
with 822 different activities. Activity-specific MET distributions were developed by
crosswalking the activities in the compendium with the CHAD activities corresponding to each
code (see Table 5-1). The shape of the distribution for each CHAD activity was selected based
on the number of corresponding activities in the compendium and goodness-of-fit metrics,
including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-von Mises, and Anderson-Darling. A summary of
the relevant distribution shapes is given in Table 5-2.
36
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
ADMIN
LogNormal
1.7
1.2
0
1.4
2.7
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
ADMSUP
LogNormal
1.7
1.2
0
1.4
2.7
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
FARM
LogNormal
7
1.5
0
3.6
17
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
HSHLD
LogNormal
3.5
1.2
0
2.5
6
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
LABOR
Triangle
3.6
13.8
8.1
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
MACH
Uniform
4
6.5
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
PREC
Triangle
2.5
4.5
3.3
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
PROF
Triangle
1.2
5.6
2.9
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
PROTECT
Triangle
1.2
5.6
2.9
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
SALE
Triangle
1.2
5.6
2.9
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
SERV
Triangle
1.6
8.4
5.6
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
TECH
Triangle
2.5
4.5
2.9
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
TRANS
LogNormal
3
1.5
0
1.3
8.4
10000
Work and other income producing activities,
general
Any
X
Triangle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10100
Work, general
Any
X
Triangle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10110
Work, general, for organizational activities
Any
X
Triangle
1.2
5.6
1.9
37
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
10111
Work for professional/union organizations
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10112
Work for special interest identity organizations
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10113
Work for political party and civic participation
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10114
Work for volunteer/ helping organizations
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10115
Work of/for religious groups
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10116
Work for fraternal organizations
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10117
Work for child / youth / family organizations
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10118
Work for other organizations
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10120
Work, income-related only
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10130
Work, secondary (income-related)
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10200
Unemployment
Any
X
Tr
angle
1.2
5.6
1.9
10300
Breaks
Any
Any
Uniform
1
2.5
11000
Household activities, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
3.6
1.5
0
1.8
7.3
11001
Other household
Any
Any
Exponential
0.3
3
1
9
11100
Prepare food, general
Any
Any
Uniform
2
4
11101
Washing
Any
Any
Point
3.3
0
11110
Prepare and clean-up food
Any
Any
Exponential
1.1
1.9
1
4
11120
Cooking
Any
Any
Uniform
2
4
11121
Baking
Any
Any
Uniform
2
4
11122
Fry, grill, sautee
Any
Any
Triangle
2.9
4.9
3.4
11130
Simple food preparation
Any
Any
Uniform
2
3.3
11131
Cutting/chopping
Any
Any
Point
2.3
0
11200
Indoor chores, general
Any
Any
Triangle
2
9
3.3
11210
Move things
Any
Any
Uniform
5
9
11220
Put things away
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
3
11230
Straighten up
Any
Any
Uniform
3.3
4.8
11231
Make bed
Any
Any
Uniform
2.1
4.6
11240
Clean-up food
Any
Any
Triangle
2
9
3.3
38
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
11300
Outdoor chores, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
4.4
1.4
0
2.4
8
11301
Shoveling
Any
Any
Uniform
5
8.8
11310
Clean outdoors
Any
Any
Exponential
0.4
2.6
1
6
11320
Chop wood
Any
Any
Uniform
4.5
6.3
11330
Garden
Any
Any
Normal
4
1.6
1.4
6.6
11331
Harvest
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
4.5
11332
Watering
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2.5
11333
Weeding
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
5
11340
Lawn/grass
Any
Any
Normal
4
1.1
2.2
5.8
11341
Lawn watering
Any
Any
Point
1.5
0
11342
Lawn weeding
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
5
11343
Mowing
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
6
11344
Pruning
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
4
11345
Use rake/leaf blower
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4
11350
Load/unload
Any
Any
Point
3.5
0
11360
Mechanical chores
Any
Any
Uniform
3
4
11370
Move objects
Any
Any
Uniform
3.3
8
11400
Care of clothes, general
Any
Any
Triangle
1.3
4
2
11401
Fold/sort
Any
Any
Uniform
2
2.3
11410
Wash clothes
Any
Any
Point
2
0
11411
Hand wash/dry
Any
Any
Uniform
2
4
11412
Laundry
Any
Any
Uniform
2
4
11420
Maintain clothes
Any
Any
Triangle
1.3
3.5
1.8
11421
Mend/sew
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
2.8
11422
Press/iron/steam
Any
Any
Uniform
1.8
3.5
11500
Build a fire
Any
Any
Point
2
0
11600
Repair, general
Any
Any
Normal
4.5
1.5
2
8
11610
Repair of boat
Any
Any
Point
4.5
0
39
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
11620
Paint home / room
Any
Any
Exponential
0.7
3.5
1
6
11630
Repair / maintain car
Any
Any
Triangle
3
4.5
3
11640
Home repairs, general
Any
Any
Uniform
2
6
11641
Home improvement/construction, moderate level
Any
Any
Uniform
3.8
6
11642
Home maintenance, low level
Any
Any
Uniform
2
3.3
11650
Other repairs
Any
Any
Uniform
2
7
11700
Care of plants, general
Any
Any
Uniform
2
4.3
11710
Care of plants, low level
Any
Any
Uniform
2
2.5
11720
Care of plants, moderate level
Any
Any
Point
4.3
0
11800
Care for pets/animals
Any
Any
Uniform
3
3.5
11900
Clean house, general
Any
Any
Triangle
2
6.5
3.2
11901
Collect/empty trash
Any
Any
Uniform
2.4
2.8
11902
Mop
Any
Any
Uniform
2.4
2.6
11903
Sweep
Any
Any
Uniform
2.3
3.8
11904
Vacuum
Any
Any
Uniform
2.3
3.9
11910
Clean house, heavy
Any
Any
Triangle
2
6.5
3.5
11911
Clean bathroom
Any
Any
Uniform
2
6.5
11912
Clean carpet
Any
Any
Triangle
2
6.5
3.5
11913
Clean floors
Any
Any
Uniform
2
6.5
11914
Clean kitchen
Any
Any
Uniform
3.1
4.4
11915
Wash windows
Any
Any
Uniform
3.2
3.5
11920
Clean house, light
Any
Any
Uniform
2.3
3.8
11921
Dust
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2.9
11922
Use aerosol cleaner/freshener
Any
Any
Uniform
2.3
3.8
12000
Child care, general
Any
Any
Uniform
2
5.8
12100
Care of baby
Any
Any
Uniform
3
3.5
12200
Care of child
Any
Any
Uniform
3
3.5
12300
Help / teach
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
3
40
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
12400
Talk /read
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
3
12500
Play indoors
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
3
12600
Play outdoors
Any
Any
Uniform
4
5
12700
Medical care-child
Any
Any
Uniform
3
3.3
12800
Other child care
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
3.5
13000
Obtain goods and services, general
Any
Any
Triangle
2
6
3.4
13100
Dry clean
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4
13200
Shop/run errands, general
Any
Any
Triangle
2.3
4.3
3.3
13201
Errands for children or pets
Any
Any
Triangle
2.3
4.3
3.3
13202
Shopping, general
Any
Any
Triangle
2.3
4.3
3.3
13203
Shop at mall or superstore
Any
Any
Triangle
2.3
4.3
3.3
13210
Shop for food, general
Any
Any
Triangle
2.3
4.3
3.3
13211
Grocery shopping
Any
Any
Triangle
2.3
4.3
3.3
13212
Shop for meals/snacks
Any
Any
Triangle
2.3
4.3
3.3
13220
Shop for clothes or household goods
Any
Any
Uniform
2.3
4.5
13230
Run errands
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4.5
13300
Obtain personal care service
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4.5
13400
Obtain medical service
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4.5
13500
Obtain government / financial services
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4.5
13600
Obtain car services
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4.5
13700
Other repairs
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4.5
13800
Other services
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4.5
14000
Personal needs and care, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1
2.3
14001
Wake up
Any
Any
Uniform
0.9
1.4
14100
Shower, bathe, personal hygiene
Any
Any
Normal
2
0.3
1
4
14110
Shower, bathe, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2
14111
Bathe
Any
Any
Point
1.5
0
14112
Shower
Any
Any
Point
2
0
41
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
14120
Personal hygiene, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.8
2
14121
Use restroom
Any
Any
Point
1.8
0
14122
Wash hands/teeth/face
Any
Any
Uniform
1.6
2.5
14200
Medical care, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
14201
Use nebulizer/oxygen machine
Any
Any
Uniform
2.3
14210
Feel sick
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
14300
Help and care
Any
Any
LogNormal
3
1.2
0
2.5
5
14400
Eat
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2
14500
Sleep or nap
Any
Any
LogNormal
0.9
1.1
0
0.8
1.1
14600
Dress, groom
Any
Any
Point
2.5
0
14700
Other personal needs
Any
Any
Triangle
1
2.9
2.1
15000
General education and professional training
Any
Any
LogNormal
1.8
1.4
0
1.4
4
15100
Attend full-time school
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
2.8
15110
Attend day-care
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
3
15120
Attend K-12
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
2.8
15130
Attend college or trade school
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
2.5
15140
Attend adult education and special training
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
2.2
15200
Attend other classes
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
3
15300
Do homework
Any
Any
Point
1.8
0
15400
Use library
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
3
15500
Other education
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
4
16000
Social activities, general
Any
Any
Triangle
1
7.8
1.8
16001
Gamble
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
2
16002
Go to park or festival
Any
Any
Uniform
1.8
3.5
16100
Attend sports events
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
4
16200
Participate in social, political, or religious activities
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
2
16210
Practice religion
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
2
16300
Watch movie
Any
Any
Uniform
1
1.6
42
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
16400
Attend theater
Any
Any
Uniform
1
2.3
16500
Visit museums
Any
Any
Uniform
2
2.9
16600
Visit
Any
Any
Uniform
1
1.9
16700
Attend a party, general
Any
Any
Triangle
1.5
7.8
1.5
16701
Attend a party, dance
Any
Any
Point
7.8
0
16702
Attend a party, eat/drink
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2
16703
Attend a party, sit/stand
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2.5
16704
Attend a party, talk
Any
Any
Uniform
1.8
2
16705
Attend a party, walk
Any
Any
Point
2
0
16800
Go to bar / lounge
Any
Any
LogNormal
3
1.5
0
1.5
8
16900
Other entertainment / social events
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
6
17000
Leisure, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
5.7
1.8
0
2.2
15
17010
Indoor leisure
Any
Any
LogNormal
5.7
1.8
0
2.2
15
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
20
Any
Normal
5.6
2.1
1.4
9.8
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
30
Any
Normal
5.8
2.4
1
10.6
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
40
Any
Normal
4.7
1.8
1.1
8.3
17112
Golf
20
Any
Uniform
2
5.5
17112
Golf
30
Any
Uniform
2
5.5
17112
Golf
40
Any
Uniform
2
5
17113
Bowling / pool / ping pong / pinball
Any
Any
Uniform
2
4
17114
Yoga
Any
Any
Triangle
1.4
4
3.9
17120
Participate in outdoor leisure
20
Any
LogNormal
3.9
1.4
0
2
9
17120
Participate in outdoor leisure
30
Any
LogNormal
3.9
1.4
0
2
9
17120
Participate in outdoor leisure
40
Any
Point
3.5
0
17121
Passive, sitting
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
1.8
17140
Create art, music, participate in hobbies
20
Any
Normal
5.3
1.8
1.7
8.9
17140
Create art, music, participate in hobbies
30
Any
Normal
5.2
1.7
1.7
8.9
17140
Create art, music, participate in hobbies
40
Any
Normal
3.8
1
1.8
5.8
43
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
17141
Participate in hobbies
Any
Any
Triangle
1.5
5
1.9
17142
Create domestic crafts
Any
Any
Triangle
1.5
3
1.5
17143
Create art
Any
Any
Uniform
2
3
17144
Perform music / drama / dance
20
Any
Normal
5.3
1.8
1.7
8.9
17144
Perform music / drama / dance
30
Any
Normal
5.2
1.7
1.7
8.9
17144
Perform music / drama / dance
40
Any
Normal
3.8
1
1.8
5.8
17150
Play, unspecified, general
Any
Any
Uniform
2.2
5.8
17151
Play, unspecified, low level
Any
Any
Uniform
2.2
2.8
17152
Play, unspecified, moderate level
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
5.8
17160
Use of computers
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
2
17170
Participate in recess and physical education
Any
Any
Uniform
2
8
17180
Other sports and active leisure, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
5.7
1.8
0
2.2
15
17200
Passive leisure, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1
1.8
17201
Indoor passive leisure
Any
Any
Uniform
1
1.8
17210
Watch
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
1.8
17211
Watch adult at work
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
1.8
17212
Watch someone provide childcare
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
1.8
17213
Watch personal care
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
1.8
17214
Watch education
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
1.8
17215
Watch organizational activities
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
1.8
17216
Watch recreation
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
4
17220
Listen to radio / listen to recorded music / watch
T.V.
Any
Any
LogNormal
1.2
1.4
0
0.9
2.3
17221
Listen to radio
Any
Any
Uniform
1
1.3
17222
Listen to recorded music
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2.3
17223
Watch TV
Any
Any
Point
1
0
17230
Read, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1
1.6
17231
Read books
Any
Any
Uniform
1
1.6
44
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
17232
Read magazines / not ascertained
Any
Any
Uniform
1.6
17233
Read newspaper
Any
Any
Uniform
1.6
17240
Converse / write
Any
Any
Uniform
1.8
17241
Converse
Any
Any
Uniform
1.8
17242
Write for leisure / pleasure / paperwork
Any
Any
Uniform
1.8
17250
Think and relax
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
17260
Other passive leisure
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2.3
17300
Other leisure
Any
Any
Uniform
1.2
1.8
17400
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit), general
Any
Any
LogNormal
5.8
1.7
0
2.4
14.1
17410
Bike, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
8
1.6
0
3.9
15
17411
Bike
Any
Any
LogNormal
8.3
1.6
0
3.9
15
17412
Cycles, other
Any
Any
Point
5
0
17413
Tricycle
Any
Any
LogNormal
8
1.6
0
3.9
15
17420
Run or jog, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
11.3
1.5
0
6
15
17421
Run around, casual
Any
Any
Uniform
5.8
8.3
17422
Running, vigorous/sustained
Any
Any
Uniform
9
13.3
17430
Walk, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
4
1.6
0
1.9
8.4
17431
Crawl
Any
Any
LogNormal
4
1.6
0
1.9
8.4
17432
Use of walker
Any
Any
LogNormal
4
1.6
0
1.9
8.4
17433
Walk dog
Any
Any
LogNormal
4
1.6
0
1.9
8.4
17434
Walk for chores
Any
Any
LogNormal
4
1.6
0
1.9
8.4
17435
Walk inside
Any
Any
Uniform
1.5
2.6
17500
Participate in sports, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
7
1.5
0
3.6
13.7
17501
Archery
Any
Any
Point
4.3
0
17502
Equestrian sports
Any
Any
Uniform
3.8
8
17503
Frisbee
Any
Any
Uniform
3
8
17504
Gymnastics
Any
Any
Point
3.8
0
17505
Skateboarding
Any
Any
Uniform
5
6
45
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
17506
Skating
Any
Any
Uniform
5.5
14
17507
Track
Any
Any
Uniform
4
10
17510
Combat sports
Any
Any
Uniform
5.3
12.8
17511
Boxing
Any
Any
Uniform
5.5
12.8
17512
Fencing
Any
Any
Point
6
0
17513
Martial arts
Any
Any
Uniform
5.3
10.3
17514
Wrestling
Any
Any
Uniform
5.3
12.8
17520
Racquet sports
Any
Any
LogNormal
7
1.3
0
4.3
11.2
17521
Badminton
Any
Any
Uniform
5.5
7
17522
Racquetball
Any
Any
Uniform
7
10
17523
Squash
Any
Any
Uniform
7.3
12
17524
Tennis
Any
Any
Uniform
4.5
8
17530
Team sports
Any
Any
Normal
6.7
2.2
3.2
10.3
17531
Baseball
Any
Any
Normal
6.7
2.2
3.2
10.3
17532
Basketball
Any
Any
Uniform
4.5
9.3
17533
Cheerleading
Any
Any
Point
6
0
17534
Dodgeball
Any
Any
Point
5.8
0
17535
Football
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
8
17536
Hockey
Any
Any
Uniform
7.8
10
17537
Kickball
Any
Any
Point
7
0
17538
Lacrosse
Any
Any
Point
8
0
17539
Rugby
Any
Any
Uniform
6.3
8.3
17541
Soccer
Any
Any
Uniform
7
10
17542
Softball
Any
Any
Uniform
4
6
17543
Volleyball
Any
Any
Uniform
3
8
17550
Water sports
Any
Any
Uniform
3
13.8
17551
Surfing
Any
Any
Uniform
3
5
17552
Swimming
Any
Any
Uniform
4.8
13.8
46
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
17560
Winter sports
Any
Any
Uniform
4.3
15.5
17600
Play games, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
2.6
1.7
0
1.1
6
17610
Active games
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
6
17611
Fighting
Any
Any
Point
6
0
17612
Running games
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
5.8
17613
Trampoline
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
4.5
17620
Board games/card games
Any
Any
Point
1.5
0
17621
Board games
Any
Any
Point
1.5
0
17622
Bingo
Any
Any
Point
1.5
0
17623
Card games
Any
Any
Uniform
1.4
2
17630
Dress-up/make believe
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
5.8
17640
Low energy games
Any
Any
Triangle
1.3
3.5
2.8
17641
Arts and crafts
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
3.5
17642
Play with books
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
17643
Writing/drawing
Any
Any
Point
1.8
0
17650
Outdoor play
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
5.8
17651
Playground/swings
Any
Any
Normal
5.7
1.3
3.6
5.7
17660
Play with animals
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
5
17670
Puzzles
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
2.2
17671
Jigsaw puzzle
Any
Any
Point
2.2
0
17672
Word puzzle
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
17680
Toys
Any
Any
Uniform
2.2
3.5
17681
Toy balls
Any
Any
Uniform
2.8
3.5
17690
Video games
Any
Any
Uniform
1
2.3
17691
Active video games
Any
Any
Point
2.3
0
17692
Computer games
Any
Any
Normal
1
0.2
1
1.4
17700
Active leisure, general
Any
Any
Normal
5.8
2.5
1.8
9.9
17701
Camping
Any
Any
Point
2.5
0
47
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
17702
Caving/rock climbing
Any
Any
Uniform
5
8
17703
Climb trees/structures
Any
Any
Normal
5.8
2.5
1.8
9.9
17710
Dance
Any
Any
Uniform
3
11.3
17720
Hiking
Any
Any
Uniform
5.3
7.8
17730
Horseback riding
Any
Any
Uniform
3.8
9
17740
Water recreation
Any
Any
LogNormal
4.9
1.8
0
1.9
12.3
17741
Boating
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
4
17742
Recreational swim
Any
Any
Point
6
0
17743
Scuba diving
Any
Any
Point
7
0
17800
Exercise, general
Any
Any
LogNormal
6.1
1.6
0
2.9
13.1
17810
Cardiovascular exercise
Any
Any
LogNormal
7.4
1.4
0
4
13.5
17811
Aerobics
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
10
17812
Bike for exercise
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
14
17813
Run or jog for exercise
Any
Any
Point
9
0
17814
Swim for exercise
Any
Any
Uniform
4.8
13.8
17815
Walk for exercise
Any
Any
Uniform
4.3
9.5
17820
Strength/stretching
Any
Any
Uniform
2.3
8
17821
Lift weights
Any
Any
Uniform
3.5
6
17822
Physical therapy
Any
Any
Point
2.8
0
17823
Stretching
Any
Any
Uniform
2.3
2.8
18000
Travel, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
4
18010
Travel by bus, general
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
18020
Travel by foot, general
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
3.5
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
Any
Any
Uniform
2
3.5
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
18040
Wait, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
1.8
18100
Travel during work, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
4
48
-------
Table 5-1. Activity-specific MET Distributions
Activity Code
Activity Description
Age
Occ
Shape
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
LTrunc
UTrunc
18110
Travel during work by bus
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
18120
Travel during work by foot
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4
18130
Travel during work by motor vehicle
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
3.5
18131
Travel during work, drive a motor vehicle
Any
Any
Uniform
2
3.5
18132
Travel during work, ride in a motor vehicle
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
18140
Travel during work, wait
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
1.8
18200
Travel to/from work, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
4
18210
Travel to/from work by bus
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
18220
Travel to/from work by foot
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4
18230
Travel to/from work by motor vehicle
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
3.5
18231
Travel to/from work, drive a motor vehicle
Any
Any
Uniform
2
3.5
18232
Travel to/from work, ride in a motor vehicle
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
18240
Travel to/from work, wait
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
1.8
18300
Travel for education, general
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
4
18310
Travel for education by bus
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
18320
Travel for education by foot
Any
Any
Uniform
2.5
4
18330
Travel for education by motor vehicle
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
3.5
18331
Travel for education, drive a motor vehicle
Any
Any
Uniform
2
3.5
18332
Travel for education, ride in a motor vehicle
Any
Any
Point
1.3
0
18340
Travel for education, wait
Any
Any
Uniform
1.3
1.8
U
Uncertain
Any
Any
Point
2
0
X
Missing
Any
Any
Point
2
0
Notes: The bolded entries correspond to "Tier 1" activity. Left-justified entries that are not bolded correspond to Tier 2 codes. Single-indented entries
correspond to Tier 3 codes. Double-indented entries correspond to the Tier 4 codes. See Table 5-2 for descriptions of the parameters of this table.
LTrunc and UTrunc, respectively, are the lower and upper truncation limits of the distributions based on available data and professional judgment.
49
-------
Table 5-2. Relevant Shapes of Probability Distributions
Distribution
Pari
Par2
Par3
Par4
Exponential
Decay constant, k > 0
Shift (a)
Lognormal
Geometric mean (gm) of
unshifted dist
Geometric standard deviation
(gsd)> 1
Shift (a)
Normal
Mean
Standard deviation
Point
Point Value
Triangle
Minimum
Maximum
Peak
Uniform
Minimum
Maximum
50
-------
6. Development of Weather Data for
CHAD
Weather data were developed during the studies, or were developed as part of a study's data
synthesis after the diaries were collected, for five studies in the current (November 2016)
CHAD—DEA, NSA, OAB, SEA, and VAL. Weather data were developed for the purposes of
integration into CHAD for at least three other studies— BLS, EPA, and RTP. Details on the
weather data produced for the above eight studies, where available from supporting materials,
are summarized below in Table 6-1 as well as in the relevant subsections of Appendix A. CHAD
contains at least some weather data for the remaining studies, but the origin of those CHAD
weather data is not certain based on supporting documentation. Across the whole CHAD (as of
November 2016), approximately one-third of diary-days have no weather data, impacting many
of the studies in CHAD. Most of these cases of missing weather data correspond to missing or
nonspecific location data, although a diary-day having missing or nonspecific location data does
not necessarily mean it will have missing weather data. Please refer to Table 6-1 and the study
discussions in Appendix A for further details.
51
-------
Table 6-1. CHAD Weather Data
Data
Study's Data
Collected
Used in CHAD-
Data Developed Specifically for CHAD-
Study Name
During Study?
Master?
Master?
Baltimore Retirement Home
No
N/A
No
Study (BAL)
American Time Use Survey
No
N/A
Derived by ICF using primary and
(ATUS), Bureau of Labor
secondary NOAA stations (matched to
Statistics (BLS)
diary counties based on proximity).
California Activity Pattern
N/A
N/A
N/A
Studies (CAA, CAC, CAY)
Cincinnati Activity Patterns
N/A
N/A
N/A
Study (CIN)
Detroit Exposure and Aerosol
Yes
N/A
No
Research Study (DEA)
Denver, Colorado Personal
N/A
N/A
N/A
Exposure Study (DEN)
EPA Longitudinal Studies (EPA)
No
N/A
Derived by ICF using primary and
secondary NOAA stations (matched to
diary counties based on proximity).
Population Study of Income
N/A
N/A
N/A
Dynamics (PSID) 1, II, III (ISR)
Los Angeles Ozone Exposure
N/A
N/A
N/A
Study: Elementary School/High
School (LAE/LAH)
National Human Activity Pattern
N/A
N/A
N/A
Study (NHAPS): Air/Water
(NHA/NHW)
National-scale Activity Study
Yes
Yes
No
(NSA)
RTI Ozone Averting Behavior
Yes
Yes
No
Study (OAB)
RTP Particulate Matter Panel
No
N/A
Derived by Alion Science and
Study(RTP)
Technology Corp. from Raleigh-Durham
International Airport (RDU).(NOAA ISD)
Seattle Study (SEA)
Yes
Yes
No
Study of Use of Products and
N/A
N/A
N/A
Exposure-related Behaviors
(SUP)
Valdez Air Health Study (VAL)
Yesa
Yes
No
Washington, DC Study (WAS)
N/A
N/A
N/A
Note: NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; ISD = Integrated Surface Database. "N/A"
indicates that information from supporting materials is either not available or sufficiently clear to provide correct
responses in this table.
aRainfall was not included in the VAL data collection.
52
-------
7. Contact Information
Stephen Graham, Ph.D.
National Exposure Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
919-541-4344
graham. stephen@epa. gov
53
-------
8. References
Ainsworth, BE; Haskell, WL; Herrmann, SD; Meckes, N; Bassett, DR Jr; Tudor-Locke, C;
Greer, JL; Vezina, J; Whitt-Glover, MC; Leon, AS. 2011. 2011 Compendium of Physical
Activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 43(8): 1575-81.
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ecel2. See also:
https://sites.google.com/site/compendiumofphysicalactivities/references.
McCurdy, T; Glen, G; Smith, L; Lakkadi, Y. 2000. The National Exposure Research
Laboratory's Consolidated Human Activity Database. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 10: 566-
578.
NERL (National Exposure Research Laboratory). 1997. Development of a consistent &
consolidated human activity data base. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc.
NERL (National Exposure Research Laboratory). 2002. CHAD user's guide: Extracting human
activity information from CHAD on the PC. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency by ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., modified by Systems Development
Center, Science Applications International Corporation in 2002.
54
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Appendix A: Human-activity Studies in
CHAD-Master
A.1. Introduction
Listed below are sources of information, mostly unpublished, that were used to prepare the
activity-study summaries in this appendix. Additional study-specific references are included in
the References section for each study. These documents are available from the EPA CHAD point
of contact (currently Dr. Stephen Graham).
• CHAD Manual—the CHAD User's Guide prepared for EPA by ManTech Environmental
Technology, Inc. in 2000, updated by the Systems Development Center in 2002
• NERL (National Exposure Research Laboratory). 1997. Development of a consistent &
consolidated human activity data base. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
by ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc.
• MultiCityCoding—Document for the Multicity Activity Data Base; prepared for EPA by
International Technology Air Quality Services in 1991
• EPA. 2014. Health risk and exposure assessment for ozone, final report, Chapter 5
appendices. EPA-452/R-14-004c.
A.2. CHAD QA Procedures
Diary QA
For many of the studies in CHAD, SAS® or other code is used to process diary data into CHAD.
During this process of importing diary data into CHAD, the data being imported and sometimes
all of the CHAD-Master data are subjected to the QA checks listed below.
• Check for events lasting less than 1 minute or more than 60 minutes, based on the start time
of the event and the start time of the next event. Can reveal errors in coding times or dates,
and can reveal missing event breaks at the top of the hour.
• Check for more than 24 hours in a day. Can reveal further errors in date coding and
incorrectly placed hour breaks (hour breaks placed before last event in the hour; for example,
if diary had events at 6:45, 6:50, and 7:10, an hour break may have been added for 7:00, but
placed incorrectly between the 6:45 and 6:50 event).
• Check that all hour breaks are present and in the correct order. Can identify some errors that
for various reasons were not previously identified by the above tests. Such errors in the hour-
break events can be due to software (e.g., due to Microsoft® Excel automatically
incrementing the values of location and activity codes for adjacent events).
55
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• Check for valid location and activity codes.
• Check for improper activity/location pairs; specifically, travel should not occur at home and
outdoor activities should not occur indoors at home. Examples of how such errors originated
might include: a coder might have automated the activity "unpack" to be outdoor chores,
irrespective of where it occurred; when the diary said "Home" as the location for an outdoor
activity (such as unloading a car or doing yard work), the location might have automatically
been coded as "indoor your residence" irrespective of activity; or, a coder might link the
"outdoor home" location incorrectly to the code for "dining room".
Data-quality Indicators
Data-quality indicators are used to indicate potential problems with data content. Listed below
are the two classes of such problems that can arise in CHAD.
• Data are present but outside the allowable range. If "clean" study data sets are incorporated
into CHAD, this type of error should rarely occur, but such errors will occasionally be found.
When these errors are detected, either they are corrected when the data are incorporated into
CHAD (if possible) or the values are deleted.
• Data are present and the values are within allowable range, but are deemed to be of poor
quality by a researcher or analyst. This is the most difficult type of problem to resolve when
incorporating study data into CHAD.
Some of the problems with data content can be identified by using the descriptive variables and
data-quality flags present in CHAD. The descriptive variables RECCOUNT and WRAPTIME
are discussed below. Beyond those descriptive variables, CHAD has two main types of quality
indicators: variables whose names start with "QF" are binary pass/fail quality flags, and those
starting with "QC" indicate how often a condition was met within the diary. Flagged diaries have
not been modified. It is left to the CHAD user to correct or otherwise account for flagged
records. To resolve the quality issues being flagged, an analyst would examine each flagged
diary in detail to determine whether changes should be made. For example, some diaries do not
report any sleep time or any meals in a 24-hour period; these can be identified by using the
QCSLEEP and QCMEALS flags. It is left to the user to determine which flags are important and
whether or not a diary is acceptable.
The data from some studies underwent other or additional QA measures when coded into
CHAD, and those study-specific measures are discussed in the individual study sections in this
appendix.
Descriptive Variables
There are several descriptive variables that are a part of CHAD and can be used for QA
purposes. These include RECCOUNT and WRAPTIME, which are described below.
RECCOUNT. For a given study respondent, RECCOUNT is the number of individual activity
records in a diary-day, as mapped into CHAD from the study's original dataset. A small number
of reported activities over a 24-hour period may be a sign of poor or unreliable diaries. Some
activity databases delete diaries that contain fewer than some specified number of entries
56
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(records), but any specific number of entries would represent an arbitrary standard. Using the
RECCOUNT variable as a filter, the CHAD user can select any desired minimum number. Note
that all diary-days have at least 24 records because there is one or more for every hour.
WRAPTIME. WRAPTIME is discussed in Section 3.1. It is the time at which a 24-hour diary
actually started in the study's original dataset. For consistency, all of the diary-days in CHAD
are organized into a midnight-to-midnight form and no CHAD event record crosses the boundary
between one clock hour and another. These hour and midnight requirements mean that some
original diary records were split at the hour boundary or at midnight, creating two records in
CHAD when there originally was one record. The WRAPTIME variable indicates if this has
been done, showing the actual start time of the diary using a 24-hour time convention. For
wrapped diaries, the date and the weekday given in CHAD represent the day that contained more
than 12 hours of time.
Quality-flag (QF) Variables
Variables whose names start with "QF" are binary pass/fail quality flags. The QF variables
QFACTLOC, QFTRAVEL, QFINFER, and QFMETAB are discussed below. The flagged
diaries have not been modified. It is left to the CHAD user to correct or otherwise account for
flagged records. To resolve the quality issues being flagged, an analyst would examine each
flagged diary in detail to determine whether changes should be made.
QFACTLOC. QFACTLOC indicates inconsistent activity-location pairs in the diary. Each
record in the events portion of CHAD contains both an activity code and a location code. Certain
activities are not compatible with certain locations. For example, travel activities (i.e., activity
codes 18000 and over) should not take place in one's home (i.e., location codes less than 31000).
Since certain activity-location combinations are unlikely but not impossible, the identification of
suspect combinations will always be partly subjective. The total amount of time that
QFACTLOC is "on" in each diary is summarized in the variable QCACTLOC (see below).
QFTRAVEL. One of the logical constraints on a valid activity diary is that travel to a remote
location (such as a workplace) should be roughly matched in duration by a later return trip (i.e.,
should create a round-trip travel). There are complicating factors such as traffic jams, running
errands, and so on which may result in differing travel times. Another difficulty arises from
trying to identify each leg of the round-trip travel. Without examining all the diaries individually,
an attempt at flagging potential travel inconsistencies was made. The QFTRAVEL variable flags
those person-days that meet the four conditions listed below.
• The person is employed outside the home
• The sampled day is a weekday (Monday-Friday)
• The total travel time in the morning rush hours (6-9 AM) differs by more than a factor of 2
from the evening rush hour (4-7 PM) travel time
• Either the morning or evening travel time was at least 30 minutes.
The travel time used is the travel time to/from work (Activity=182* in the current [November
2016] CHAD, if recorded) plus the time for unspecified travel (Activity=180*).
57
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QFINFER. All data in CHAD is faithful to the original raw data. If the original data contained
gaps in time, or missing activity or location codes, then these show up as CHAD records with
missing codes (Activity="X" and/or Location="X"). At some point, it might be desirable to
assign inferred activities in place of the missing data. If this is done, then the QFINFER flag will
be set to indicate this, and the user will have the option of "turning off the changes. Similarly,
diaries with no missing time might be altered (to add meals or sleep time, for instance), and the
QFINFER flag would then be used to indicate this condition. The cumulative variable QCINFER
indicates the total time per diary with QFINFER=1 (see below).
QFMETAB. A distribution of possible values for MET is associated with each activity. The
QFMETAB flag indicates those activities for which the median value in the distribution is
greater than or equal to 3. These activities will have an effect on the breathing rates of
subsequent activities through the process of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. The total
amount of time per diary with QFMETAB set to "on" is recorded in the count variable
QCMETAB (see below).
Quality-count Variables
Besides quality flags, the other type of quality indicators use the prefix "QC". These variables
are counts (usually of time) indicating how often within a diary some condition was met. For
example, the variable QCSLEEP records the number of hours of sleep time in each diary-day and
can be used to select diaries that contain sleep durations within a desired range. These indicators
are discussed below.
QCSLEEP. The only two activities that are expected in each diary-day are sleeping and eating.
For sleeping, the daily total time (rounded to the nearest whole number of hours) is recorded in
the variable QCSLEEP, which appears with the questionnaire data. Diary-days with little or no
reported sleep time should probably be examined more closely to allow the analyst to decide on
their reliability.
QCMISS. CHAD is divided into person-days that contain exactly 24 hours of consecutive diary
data. In some cases, the original data did not span a full 24 hours or contained one or more time
gaps with no recorded activities. The total amount (in minutes) of such time is recorded in the
QCMISS variable, so that the CHAD user can use filtering to eliminate incomplete diaries.
QCMEALS. A meal is defined as one or more consecutive records of eating activity. Two meals
must be separated by at least one non-eating activity. Examination of the diaries shows that
eating is not reported in some cases because it is subsumed under some other activity (e.g.,
visiting a friend or relative for a very long period of time). Eating may also take place while
watching television or traveling. Excessive eating (more than 6 hours per day) might also occur.
The diaries are flagged but are not excluded because of unusual eating patterns. The analyst must
decide on the appropriateness of using any of these diaries.
QCLONG. Some diaries report a single activity (meaning that both the activity and location
codes do not change) lasting 10 hours or more. The duration in minutes of the longest such
activity is recorded in the variable QCLONG for each diary. Diaries with large values (e.g.,
greater than 600 minutes) for QCLONG could be examined to determine whether or not the
diary appears complete.
58
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QF Summaries
The remaining quality variables listed below provide time summaries of other flags. This allows
the CHAD user to exclude diaries on the basis of thresholds of time flagged in each category.
QCACTLOC. Total time (minutes) in diary with QFACTLOC flag set to "on"
QCEATIME. Total time (minutes) in diary spent eating
QCINFER. Total time (minutes) in diary with QFINFER set to "on"
QCMETAB. Total time (minutes) in diary with QFMETAB set to "on"
QCHEAVY. Total time (minutes) in diary with HEAVYBR=1 (heavy breathing). The definition
of heavy breathing is subjective and not consistent across individuals or across studies.
Nevertheless, this flag is provided so that the user can quickly find those diaries that are likely to
represent active individuals. The fields QFMETAB and QCMETAB give similar information.
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A.3. American Time Use Survey (ATUS), Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS)
The U.S. Census Bureau (for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)) conducts the American Time
Use Survey (ATUS) on an annual basis for U.S. people aged 15 years or older. ATUS data from
2003 through 2011 are incorporated into CHAD-Master as described in an EPA (2014) internal
report, amounting to 124,517 diary-days of human-activity and location data.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. The ATUS measures the
amount of time respondents spend doing various
paid and unpaid activities. ATUS is sponsored by
the BLS and conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau. The Census Bureau collects and
processes the survey data. ATUS raw data (diary
information and demographic information) can be
downloaded from the ATUS website
(http://www.bls.gov/tus/) (BLS, 2016). The
current CHAD-Master uses data from 2003
through 2011.
Format of Data Provided. ATUS multi-year
microdata files (both diary information and
demographic information) that combine data for
2003 through 2011 were downloaded from the
ATUS website (see
http://www.bls.gov/tus/datafiles 0311 .htm) and
processed for use in CHAD-Master. Multi-year
ATUS data dictionaries contain more information
on the variables included in the Current
Population Survey (CPS)1 and Respondent files
and describe differences in content for the multi-year versus single-year files; these data
dictionaries can also be accessed at the ATUS website cited above. Multi-year data files are now
available for download for years beyond 2011 (see http://www.bls.gov/tus/datafiles my.htm),
but they are not currently included in the CHAD-Master.
The multi-year files processed for CHAD-Master include the following CSV .dat text files,
accompanied by other programs to work with statistics software.
• ATUS Activity file (atusact_0311.dat)
• ATUS CPS file (atuscps_0311 .dat)
Incorporating ATI'S (lil.S) into
( IIAD-Master
• Source—
hup www Msuo\ ins lor
2< 103-2HI I
• Data formal multi-year
comma-delimited dat text files
• Data gathering 24-hour
recall dala collected In
telephone intei\iew comMninu
structured questions and
coin ei sational intei \ iewinu
• l-'inal CMAl)-.\laslcr ATI'S
data set A l l S added
124.5 I 7 diary-days of luinian-
acti\il\ and location dala to
Cll.\l)-\laslcr
1 The Current Population Survey (CPS) is a monthly survey of households conducted by the Census Bureau for the BLS. It
provides a comprehensive body of data on the labor force, employment, unemployment, persons not in the labor force, hours of
work, earnings, and other demographic and labor force characteristics rhttp://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm'l.
60
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• ATUS Well-being Module file (wbresp_1013.dat)
• ATUS Respondent file (atusresp_0311 .dat)
The above files were linked by using TUCASEID (the variable used to identify each household)
and TULINENO (the variable used to identify each individual within the household). All coding
of the ATUS data into CHAD-Master was performed in SAS®.
Study Details
The major goal of ATUS is to provide nationally representative estimates of how people spend
their time, with whom they spend their time, and where they spend their time (BLS, 2014). The
geographic coverage of the ATUS is the US, and study respondents must be at least 15 years old.
Study dates are January 2003 through December 2013 (as noted above, 2003 through 2011 are
incorporated into CHAD-Master). Thus far, ATUS data files have been collected from over
148,000 interviews. ATUS records the amount of time respondents spend doing various paid and
unpaid activities. Unpaid activities of individuals might include childcare, housework,
volunteering, religious activities, socializing, exercising, and relaxing. Collected demographic
information of respondents includes gender, race, age, educational attainment, occupation,
income, marital status, and presence of children in the household (BLS, 2014). The ATUS raw
data (both diary information and demographic information) for 2003 through 2013 can be
downloaded from the ATUS website (http://www.bls.gov/tus/home.htm). Households that have
completed their final (eighth) month of the CPS can participate in the ATUS. Households that
are selected from this group represent a range of demographic characteristics. One person at least
15 years old is randomly chosen from each selected household to answer questions about time
use. This person is interviewed for the ATUS 2 to 5 months after the household's final CPS
interview. ATUS respondents are interviewed only one time about how, where, and with whom
they spent their time on the day before the interview (diary-day). The "designated person" is
interviewed about his or her activities using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI).
Active military personnel and people residing in institutions such as nursing homes and prisons
are not surveyed (BLS, 2014).
Recall versus Real-time Diary. During the ATUS interview, respondents are asked to recall
how they spent the past 24 hours. Specifically, activities starting at 4 AM. the previous day and
ending at 4 AM on the interview day are described. For each activity, respondents are asked how
long the activity lasted (in minutes), where they were when these activities occurred (except for
personal care activities such as sleeping and grooming), and who was in the room with them (if
at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home) (except for personal care activities and
work). If respondents report doing more than one activity at a time, they are asked to identify
which one was the primary activity; if a primary activity cannot be identified, then the first
activity mentioned is the activity recorded. After completing the time diary, respondents are
asked additional questions to clarify work, volunteering, and secondary childcare activities (i.e.,
caring for a child under 13 years old while doing another activity) (BLS, 2014).
Limitations of ATUS include the following (BLS, 2014).
• With the exception of childcare, information on secondary activities (activities done at the
same time as the primary activity) is not recorded. This might result in underestimates of the
amount of time respondents spend doing activities that are frequently done in combination
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with other activities (e.g., listening to music).
• Lack of specificity for location data (e.g., distinction between indoor and outdoor locations at
home) and lack of consistent commuting information could impact analyses using these data.
• Non-sampling errors that may occur—e.g., inability to obtain information from all sampled
households, data entry or coding errors, and misinterpretation of definitions—are not
measured as part of ATUS; however, the Census Bureau uses QA procedures to minimize
non-sampling data entry and coding errors in survey estimates.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. For the ATUS interview, respondents are asked to recall
how they spent the past 24 hours—specifically, activities starting at 4 AM the previous day and
ending at 4 AM on the interview day. This one-time telephone interview lasts approximately 15
to 20 minutes (BLS, 2014). Activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1
minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. The ATUS interview is conducted using CATI with a
combination of structured questions and conversational interviewing. As described in the ATUS
User's Guide (BLS, 2014), for all parts of the interview except the collection of the time-use
diary data, interviewers read scripted text on the CATI screen and enter the reported responses.
For the time-use diary, interviewers use conversational interviewing, a technique that allows
respondents to feel more comfortable while reporting on activities and allows interviewers to use
methods to guide respondents through memory lapses, to probe respondents in a non-leading
way for additional information, and to redirect a respondent's attention to an area more relevant
to the activity (BLS, 2014).
ATUS activities are coded using a three-tiered classification system, with 17 major (first-tier)
categories and two additional tiers to help define the activity type (BLS, 2014). There are
approximately 30 ATUS location codes, some of which indicate unspecified or unknown
locations (see below).
Details of the Coding of Study Information
All coding of the ATUS data into CHAD-Master was performed in SAS®. The CHAD
questionnaire file variables were determined from the ATUS data as presented in Table A.3-1.
Coding of diary (events) file variables is also provided in the table.
The mapping of location and activity variables is described in the following sections (EPA,
2014), leading to 124,517 diary-days of human-activity data added to CHAD-Master.
As discussed below, limitations on the specificity of location data (including no distinction
between indoor and outdoor locations at home) and lack of consistent commuting information
could impact any analyses using these data. However, in the coding of ATUS for CHAD-Master,
attempts were made to infer missing location data from activities and code more specific
locations from activities where possible. The mapping of location and activity variables is
described in the following section.
Mapping of Locations from ATUS to CHAD-Master. In general, CHAD location variables
were assigned from values of the ATUS variable TEWHERE as shown in Table A.3-2.
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However, many locations were updated (or inferred, if missing) as described below.
Once the activities were coded, the originally coded locations were updated where possible. If a
location was given as in a residence ("Respondent's Residence" or "Other's Residence"), then
activities including the following were assumed to occur inside the residence (see codes below):
sleeping; grooming; health-related self-care; personal activities; personal care activities; interior
housework; interior arrangement and repair; interior maintenance; household/financial
management types of activities; and computer activities. Activities including the following were
assumed to occur outside the residence (see codes below): exterior cleaning; exterior repair,
improvements, & decoration; exterior maintenance, repair & decoration; lawn, garden, and
houseplant care; ponds, pools, and hot tubs; vehicle repair and maintenance (by self); playing
sports with children; playing baseball; playing basketball; participating in equestrian sports; and
playing and watching other sports activities.
• If an activity took place in a residence ("Respondent's Residence" or "Other's Residence"),
the initial coding of CHAD location codes 30010 and 30020 were replaced with indoor
CHAD Residence location codes (30120 and 30130) for the following ATUS codes: 010101,
010102, 010199, 010201, 010299, 010301, 010399, 010401, 010499, 010501, 010599,
019999, 020101, 020102, 020103, 020104, 020199, 020203, 020299, 020301, 020399,
020901, 020902, 020903, 020904, 020999, 030101, 030201, 030203, 030301, 030401,
030403, 030499, 030502, 040101, 040102, 040108, 040201, 040203, 040301, 040401,
040403, 040499, 040501, 040505, 040506, 050481, 050101, 050102, 060301, 060302,
060399, 060401, 060402, 060499, 069999, 070201, 070299, 079999, 120303, 120304,
120308, 120309, 120310, 120311, 130105, 130128, 150101, 150102, 150103, 150104,
150105, 150106, and 150199.
• If an activity took place in a residence ("Respondent's Residence" or "Other's Residence"),
the initial coding of CHAD location codes 30010 and 30020 were replaced with outdoor
CHAD Residence location codes (30210 and 30220) for the following ATUS codes, with the
exceptions described below: 020401, 020402, 020499, 020501, 020502, 020599, 020701,
020799, 040502, 130102, 130103, 130110, 130113, 130112, 130114, 130117, 130120,
130122, 130123, 130125, 130126, 130127, 130129, 130130, 130132, 130199, 130202,
130203, 130204, 130212, 130213, 130214, 130216, 130218, 130220, 130221, 130223,
130224, 130225, 130227, 130229, and 130299.
As exceptions, work- and income-producing activities performed at "Respondent's Residence"
were assumed to occur indoors (these were assumed to be teleworking activities). Work- and
income-producing activities performed at "Other's Residence" were not assumed to occur
indoors as these activities could reflect respondents having outdoor jobs in fields such as
landscaping and construction.
Once the above assumptions were implemented, only 32 percent of the activities coded as being
in a residence failed to be categorized as either indoors or outdoors.
Investigators making use of the CHAD-Master data could additionally categorize one or more of
these activities (or any others not listed here) as indoor/outdoor to suit their purposes. The
following additional reasonable assumptions were made to update a large number of missing
locations in ATUS.
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• There was a substantial number of missing locations for sleeping events. If the location
for sleeping was missing, and the previous activity occurred in a residential location, the
sleeping events were assigned the same residential location. This replaced approximately
275,000 missing event locations (about 6 percent of all missing locations).
• All non-missing locations for each activity in the diary (events) file were analyzed. In
many cases, greater than 90 percent of the activity events occurred in a single location.
For each of these cases, the missing locations for each of these events were replaced with
this dominant location. This replaced about 19,500 events (or 0.41 percent of missing
locations).
Mapping of Activities from ATUS to CHAD-Master. ATUS activities are coded using a three-
tier (six-digit) coding system (ATUS variable: TRCODEP). The first two digits represent the
major activity category; the next two digits represent the second-tier level of detail for the
activity; and the final two digits represent the third, most-detailed level of activity. The final
code in every tier is 99, which represents an activity not elsewhere classified (displayed as
"n.e.c").
The CHAD activity variable was assigned based on the ATUS variable TRCODEP (see Table
A.3-3). Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD activity codes in 2015, after the ATUS
data were incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Personal Variables. The mappings of some ATUS personal variable to CHAD-
Master—including EDUCATION, OCCUP, RACE, INCOME, and EMPLOYED—are shown
below (Tables A.3-4 through A.3-8).
Assumptions. Mapping of CHAD-Master locations from ATUS study data required that many
locations be updated (e.g., to categorize them as indoor/outdoor) or inferred, if missing. These
coding assumptions have been described above.
References
BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 2016. American Time Use Survey User's Guide:
Understanding ATUS 2003 to 2013; Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC; December
2014. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/tus/atususersguide.pdf.
U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2014. Coding the American Time Use
Survey (ATUS) for Inclusion in EPA's Consolidated Human Activity Database. EPA/600/X-
14/298.
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Table A.3-1. Assignment of ATUS Data to CHAD-Master
CHAD
Variable
CHAD Variable Description
ATUS File
ATUS Variable
Variables in Questionnaire File
Diary Variables
CHADID
EPA-assigned ID for this diary-day
N/Aa
ATUS diaries given the CHAD prefix "BLS"
CHADID numbers assigned in order of the raw ATUS respondent ID
TUCASID, left-padded with zeros to six digits
rawid
Raw data ID in the current study. May
be missing or anonymized based on
conditions imposed by the original
investigators for inclusion in CHAD.
All files
TUCASEID
daynum
Index of current diary-day for this
respondent
N/A
Set to 1 (all diaries are a single day)
totaldays
Number of diary-days in CHAD for this
respondent
N/A
Set to 1 (all diaries are a single day)
Location Variables
county
County of residence
CPS file
GECO, "Federal Processing Information Standards (FIPS) county code"b
state
State of residence
CPS file
GESTFIPS, "Federal Processing Information Standards (FIPS) state
code"b
zipcode
Zip code of residence
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
Date Variables
daymonth
Day of the month of diary-day (1-31)
Respondent file
TUDIARYDATE, "Date of diary-day (date about which the respondent
was interviewed)". Date value, YYMMDD10
month
Month of diary-day (1-12)
year
Year of diary-day
wdwe
Day type of diary-day (WE or WD)
dayofweek
Day of the week (abbreviation) (SUN,
MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT)
Weather Variables
avgtemp
Average temperature on day of study
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Table A.3-1. Assignment of ATUS Data to CHAD-Master
CHAD
Variable
CHAD Variable Description
ATUS File
ATUS Variable
maxtemp
Maximum temperature on day of
study
Derived by ICF; primary and
secondary NOAA WBAN (weather
station) assigned for each location
and merged with daily summary
weather data for the stations in
question; if data for primary met
station missing for the diary date,
then data for the secondary met
station used
CPS file
GECMSA, MSA_PMSA, GTCSA, and GTCBSA before 2004; due to
changes in the Metropolitan Statistical Area definitions, no
corresponding variables after 2004
inchrain
Inches of rainfall on day of study
hourrain
Hours of rainfall on day of study
Personal Variables
age
Age
CPS file
PRTAGE
gender
Gender
from ATUS codebook 1 = male, 2 = female
weight
Weight
EUWGT, converted to kilograms; set to -999 (missing) when not
available
education
Level of education
PEEDUCAC
occup
U.S. Census Bureau occupation group
PRDTOCClc
race
Racial/Ethnic group
PTDTRACEC and PEHSPNON
income
Household income before taxes
HUFAMINCC (2003-2009), HEFAMINC (2010+); CHAD INCOME variable
set as midpoint of bins (in thousands of dollars), except for the
maximum ATUS bins (set to missing = -999)
hrsworked
Hours worked in the last 7 days
PRHRUSL and PEHRUSLT (best as possible via the value; typical hours
worked)
housingtype
Best description of living quarters
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
heatingtype
Type of heating for living quarters
fueltype
Fuel or energy source used to heat
living quarters
Personal Flags
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Table A.3-1. Assignment of ATUS Data to CHAD-Master
CHAD
Variable
CHAD Variable Description
ATUS File
ATUS Variable
aircond
Flag for air conditioning (Y/N)
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
asthma
Flag for having asthma (Y/N)
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
employed
Flag for employed outside home (Y/N)
CPS file
TELFSC labor force status)
fulltime
Flag for working full-time (Y/N)
TRDPFTPT (1 = full-time, 2 = part-time)
garage
Flag for attached garage (Y/N)
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
gasstove
Flag for gas stove used in house (Y/N)
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
heartlung
Flag for having a heart or lung
condition (Y/N)
Well-being Module file
Initialized to missing ("X") as no general information on heart/lung
health provided; however, if the well-being file variable WHBP (in the
last 5 years, were you ever told by a doctor or other health
professional that you have hypertension, also called high blood
pressure, or borderline hypertension) = 1 (Yes), then HEARTLUNG was
set = "Y"
pesticides
Flag for pesticide exposure (Y/N)
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
pregnant
Flag for being pregnant (Y/N)
CPS file
Initialized to "N"
If EUWGT variable = -5 ("Pregnant"), then PREGNANT = "Y"
student
Flag for attending school (Y/N)
Respondent file
TESCHFT
smoker
Flag for being a smoker (Y/N)
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
nearsmoker
Flag for having been around smoker
(Y/N)
N/A
Could not be determined from the ATUS data; set to "X"
Variables in Diary (Events) File
duration
Duration of event
Activity file
TUSTARTTIM
starttime
Time of start of event
TUSTARTTIM
endtime
Time of end of event
STARTTIME and activity durations/end times
loc
CHAD location code
TEWHERE
act
CHAD activity code
TRCODEP
Note: Variables shown in the above table are only those relevant to the current study. A list of all CHAD-Master variables can be found in Section 4.
aN/A = not available or not applicable
Available at: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long fips.htm.
Additional information for these parameters provided in Tables A.3-4 through A.3-8.
67
-------
Table A.3-2. Assignment ATUS Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
TEWHERE
Code (ATUS)
TEWHERE Code Description (ATUS)
LOC Code
(CHAD)
LOC Code Description (CHAD)
-1
Blank
X
Missing
-2
Don't Know
X
Missing
-3
Refused
X
Missing
1
Respondent's home or yard
30010
Your Residence
2
Respondent's workplace
33400
At work : no specific location,
moving among locations
3
Someone else's home
30020
Other's Residence
4
Restaurant or bar
33600
At Restaurant
5
Place of worship
33700
At Church
6
Grocery store
32300
Grocery store/convenience store
7
Other store/mall
32400
Shopping mall/non-grocery store
8
School
33500
At School
9
Outdoors away from home
35000
Other outdoor, general
10
Library
32920
Library/courtroom/museum/theater
11
Other place
X
Other place
12
Car, truck, or motorcycle (driver)
31100
Motorized travel
13
Car, truck, or motorcycle (passenger)
31100
Motorized travel
14
Walking
31210
Travel by walk
15
Bus
31140
Travel by bus
16
Subway/train
31150
Travel by Train/Subway/rapid transit
17
Bicycle
31220
Travel by bicycle/skateboard/roller-
skates
18
Boat/ferry
31170
Travel by boat
19
Taxi/limousine service
31110
Travel by car
20
Airplane
31160
Travel by airplane
21
Other mode of transportation
31900
Other travel
30
Bank
32100
Office building/bank/post office
31
Gym/health club
32700
Indoor gym/sports or health club
32
Post Office
32100
Office building/bank/post office
89
Unspecified place
X
Unspecified place
99
Unspecified mode of transportation
31900
Other travel
68
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
10101
Sleeping
14500
Sleep or nap
10102
Sleeplessness
17250
Think and relax
10199
Sleeping, n.e.c.
14500
Sleep or nap
10201
Washing, dressing and grooming
oneself
14600
Dress, groom
10299
Grooming, n.e.c.
14600
Dress, groom
10301
Health-related self care
14200
Medical care
10399
Self care, n.e.c.
14200
Medical care
10401
Personal/Private activities
14700
Other personal needs
10499
Personal activities, n.e.c.
14700
Other personal needs
10501
Personal emergencies
14700
Other personal needs
10599
Personal care emergencies, n.e.c.
14700
Other personal needs
19999
Personal care, n.e.c.
14700
Other personal needs
20101
Interior cleaning
11220
Clean house
20102
Laundry
11400
Care of clothes
20103
Sewing, repairing, & maintaining
textiles
11400
Care of clothes
20104
Storing interior hh items, inc. food
11200
Indoor chores
20199
Housework, n.e.c.
11200
Indoor chores
20201
Food and drink preparation
11100
Prepare food
20202
Food presentation
11100
Prepare food
20203
Kitchen and food clean-up
11210
Clean-up food
20299
Food & drink prep, presentation, &
clean-up, n.e.c.
11210
Clean-up food
20301
Interior arrangement, decoration, &
repairs
11640
Home repairs
20302
Building and repairing furniture
11640
Home repairs
20303
Heating and cooling
11640
Home repairs
20399
Interior maintenance, repair, &
decoration, n.e.c.
11640
Home repairs
20401
Exterior cleaning
11310
Clean outdoors
20402
Exterior repair, improvements, &
decoration
11300
Outdoor chores
20499
Exterior maintenance, repair &
decoration, n.e.c.
11300
Outdoor chores
20501
Lawn, garden, and houseplant care
11700
Care of plants
20502
Ponds, pools, and hot tubs
11300
Outdoor chores
20599
Lawn and garden, n.e.c.
11300
Outdoor chores
20681
Care for animals and pets (not
veterinary care)
11800
Care for pets/animals
20699
Pet and animal care, n.e.c.
11800
Care for pets/animals
69
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
20701
Vehicle repair and maintenance (by
self)
11630
Repair/maintain car
20799
Vehicles, n.e.c.
11630
Repair/maintain car
20801
Appliance, tool, and toy set-up, repair,
& maintenance (by self)
11600
Repair, general
20899
Appliances and tools, n.e.c.
11600
Repair, general
20901
Financial management
17242
Write for
leisure/pleasure/paperwork
20902
Household & personal organization and
planning
17242
Write for
leisure/pleasure/paperwork
20903
HH & personal mail & messages (except
e-mail)
17242
Write for
leisure/pleasure/paperwork
20904
HH & personal e-mail and messages
17160
Use of computers
20905
Home security
11200
Indoor chores
20999
Household management, n.e.c.
11200
Indoor chores
29999
Household activities, n.e.c.
11000
General household activities
30101
Physical care for hh children
12200
Care of child
30102
Reading to/with hh children
12400
Talk/read
30103
Playing with hh children, not sports
12500
Play indoors
30104
Arts and crafts with hh children
17142
Create domestic crafts
30105
Playing sports with hh children
17110
Participate in sports
30186
Talking with/listening to hh children
17241
Converse
30108
Organization & planning for hh children
17242
Write for
leisure/pleasure/paperwork
30109
Looking after hh children (as a primary
activity)
12200
Care of child
30110
Attending hh children's events
17260
Other passive leisure
30111
Waiting for/with hh children
12800
Other child care
30112
Picking up/dropping off hh children
18300
Travel for child care
30199
Caring for & helping hh children, n.e.c.
12200
Care of child
30201
Homework (hh children)
12300
Help/teach
30202
Meetings and school conferences (hh
children)
17240
Converse/write
30203
Home schooling of hh children
12300
Help/teach
30204
Waiting associated with hh children's
education
12800
Other child care
30299
Activities related to hh child's
education, n.e.c.
12800
Other child care
30301
Providing medical care to hh children
12700
Medical care-child
30302
Obtaining medical care for hh children
13400
Obtain medical service
70
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
30303
Waiting associated with hh children's
health
12200
Care of child
30399
Other child care
12800
30401
Physical care for hh adults
14300
Help and care
30402
Looking after hh adult (as a primary
activity)
14300
Help and care
30403
Providing medical care to hh adult
14200
Medical care
30404
Obtaining medical and care services for
hh adult
13400
Obtain medical service
30405
Waiting associated with caring for
household adults
17122
Passive, sitting
30499
Caring for household adults, n.e.c.
14300
Help and care
30501
Helping hh adults
14300
Help and care
30502
Organization & planning for hh adults
17240
Converse/write
30503
Picking up/dropping off hh adult
18400
Travel for goods and services
30504
Waiting associated with helping hh
adults
17122
Passive, sitting
30599
Helping household adults, n.e.c.
14300
Help and care
39999
Caring for & helping hh members, n.e.c.
14300
Help and care
40101
Physical care for nonhh children
12200
Care of child
40102
Reading to/with nonhh children
12200
Care of child
40103
Playing with nonhh children, not sports
12500
Play indoors
40104
Arts and crafts with nonhh children
17142
Create domestic crafts
40105
Playing sports with nonhh children
17110
Participate in sports
40186
Talking with/listening to nonhh children
17241
Converse
40108
Organization & planning for nonhh
children
17242
Write for
leisure/pleasure/paperwork
40109
Looking after nonhh children (as
primary activity)
12200
Care of child
40110
Attending nonhh children's events
17260
Other passive leisure
40111
Waiting for/with nonhh children
12800
Other child care
40112
Dropping off/picking up nonhh children
18300
Travel for child care
40199
Caring for and helping nonhh children,
n.e.c.
12200
Care of child
40201
Homework (nonhh children)
12300
Help/teach
40202
Meetings and school conferences
(nonhh children)
17240
Converse/write
40203
Home schooling of nonhh children
12300
Help/teach
40204
Waiting associated with nonhh
children's education
12800
Other child care
71
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
40299
Activities related to nonhh child's educ.,
n.e.c.
12800
Other child care
40301
Providing medical care to nonhh
children
12700
Medical care-child
40302
Obtaining medical care for nonhh
children
13400
Obtain medical service
40303
Waiting associated with nonhh
children's health
12200
Care of child
40399
Activities related to nonhh child's
health, n.e.c.
12800
Other child care
40401
Physical care for nonhh adults
14300
Help and care
40402
Looking after nonhh adult (as a primary
activity)
14300
Help and care
40403
Providing medical care to nonhh adult
14200
Medical care
40404
Obtaining medical and care services for
nonhh adult
13400
Obtain medical service
40405
Waiting associated with caring for
nonhh adults
17122
Passive, sitting
40499
Caring for nonhh adults, n.e.c.
14300
Help and care
40501
Housework, cooking, & shopping
assistance for nonhh adults
11200
Indoor chores
40502
House & lawn maintenance & repair
assistance for nonhh adults
11300
Outdoor chores
40503
Animal & pet care assistance for nonhh
adults
11800
Care for pets/animals
40504
Vehicle & appliance
maintenance/repair assistance for
nonhh adults
11600
Repair, general
40505
Financial management assistance for
nonhh adults
17240
Converse/write
40506
Household management & paperwork
assistance for nonhh adults
17240
Converse/write
40507
Picking up/dropping off nonhh adult
18400
Travel for goods and services
40508
Waiting associated with helping nonhh
adults
17122
Passive, sitting
40599
Helping nonhh adults, n.e.c.
14300
Help and care
49999
Caring for & helping nonhh members,
n.e.c.
14300
Help and care
50101
Work, main job
10100
Work, General
50102
Work, other job(s)
10100
Work, General
50103
Security procedures related to work
10100
Work, General
50189
Working, n.e.c.
10100
Work, General
72
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
50201
Socializing, relaxing, and leisure as part
of job
17200
Participate in passive leisure
50202
Eating and drinking as part of job
14400
Eat
50203
Sports and exercise as part of job
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
50204
Security procedures as part of job
10100
Work, General
50289
Work-related activities, n.e.c.
10100
Work, General
50301
Income-generating hobbies, crafts, and
food
17142
Create domestic crafts
50302
Income-generating performances
17144
Perform music/drama/dance
50303
Income-generating services
10130
Work, secondary (income-related)
50304
Income-generating rental property
activities
10130
Work, secondary (income-related)
50389
Other income-generating activities,
n.e.c.
10130
Work, secondary (income-related)
50481
Job search activities
17240
Converse/write
50403
Job interviewing
17240
Converse/write
50404
Waiting associated with job search or
interview
17122
Passive, sitting
50405
Security procedures rel. to job
search/interviewing
17240
Converse/write
50499
Job search and Interviewing, n.e.c.
17240
Converse/write
59999
Work and work-related activities, n.e.c.
10100
Work, General
60101
Taking class for degree, certification, or
licensure
15140
Attend adult education and special
training
60102
Taking class for personal interest
15140
Attend adult education and special
training
60103
Waiting associated with taking classes
17242
Write for
leisure/pleasure/paperwork
60104
Security procedures rel. to taking
classes
17240
Converse/write
60199
Taking class, n.e.c.
15140
Attend adult education and special
training
60201
Extracurricular club activities
17141
Participate in hobbies
60202
Extracurricular music & performance
activities
17144
Perform music/drama/dance
60203
Extracurricular student government
activities
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
60289
Education-related extracurricular
activities, n.e.c.
15500
Other education
60301
Research/homework for class for
degree, certification, or licensure
15300
Do homework
73
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
60302
Research/homework for class for pers.
interest
15300
Do homework
60303
Waiting associated with
research/homework
17122
Passive, sitting
60399
Research/homework n.e.c.
15300
Do homework
60401
Administrative activities: class for
degree, certification, or licensure
17240
Converse/write
60402
Administrative activities: class for
personal interest
17240
Converse/write
60403
Waiting associated w/admin. activities
(education)
17122
Passive, sitting
60499
Administrative for education, n.e.c.
17240
Converse/write
69999
Education, n.e.c.
15500
Other education
70101
Grocery shopping
13210
Shop for food
70102
Purchasing gas
13600
Obtain car services
70103
Purchasing food (not groceries)
13210
Shop for food
70104
Shopping, except groceries, food and
gas
13200
Shop/run errands
70105
Waiting associated with shopping
17122
Passive, sitting
70199
Shopping, n.e.c.
13200
Shop/run errands
70201
Comparison shopping
13200
Shop/run errands
70299
Researching purchases, n.e.c.
17240
Converse/write
70301
Security procedures rel. to consumer
purchases
17240
Converse/write
70399
Security procedures rel. to consumer
purchases, n.e.c.
17240
Converse/write
79999
Consumer purchases, n.e.c.
13200
Shop/run errands
80101
Using paid childcare services
13800
Other services
80102
Waiting associated w/purchasing
childcare svcs
17122
Passive, sitting
80199
Using paid childcare services, n.e.c.
13800
Other services
80201
Banking
13500
Obtain government/financial
services
80202
Using other financial services
13500
Obtain government/financial
services
80203
Waiting associated w/banking/financial
services
17122
Passive, sitting
80299
Using financial services and banking,
n.e.c.
13500
Obtain government/financial
services
80301
Using legal services
13800
Other services
80302
Waiting associated with legal services
13800
Other services
80399
Using legal services, n.e.c.
13800
Other services
74
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
80401
Using health and care services outside
the home
13400
Obtain medical service
80402
Using in-home health and care services
13400
Obtain medical service
80403
Waiting associated with medical
services
17122
Passive, sitting
80499
Using medical services, n.e.c.
13400
Obtain medical service
80501
Using personal care services
13300
Obtain personal care service
80502
Waiting associated w/personal care
services
17122
Passive, sitting
80599
Using personal care services, n.e.c.
13300
Obtain personal care service
80601
Activities rel. to purchasing/selling real
estate
13800
Other services
80602
Waiting associated
w/purchasing/selling real estate
17122
Passive, sitting
80699
Using real estate services, n.e.c.
13800
Other services
80701
Using veterinary services
13800
Other services
80702
Waiting associated with veterinary
services
17122
Passive, sitting
80799
Using veterinary services, n.e.c.
13800
Other services
80801
Security procedures rel. to
professional/personal svcs.
13800
Other services
80899
Security procedures rel. to
professional/personal svcs n.e.c.
13800
Other services
89999
Professional and personal services,
n.e.c.
13800
Other services
90101
Using interior cleaning services
11000
General household activities
90102
Using meal preparation services
11000
General household activities
90103
Using clothing repair and cleaning
services
11000
General household activities
90104
Waiting associated with using
household services
17122
Passive, sitting
90199
Using household services, n.e.c.
11000
General household activities
90201
Using home
maint/repair/decor/construction svcs
11000
General household activities
90202
Waiting associated w/ home
main/repair/decor/constr
17122
Passive, sitting
90299
Using home maint/repair/decor/constr
services, n.e.c.
11000
General household activities
90301
Using pet services
13800
Other services
90302
Waiting associated with pet services
17122
Passive, sitting
90399
Using pet services, n.e.c.
13800
Other services
90401
Using lawn and garden services
11000
General household activities
75
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
ACT Code
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
90402
Waiting associated with using lawn &
garden services
17122
Passive, sitting
90499
Using lawn and garden services, n.e.c.
11000
General household activities
90501
Using vehicle maintenance or repair
services
13600
Obtain car services
90502
Waiting associated with vehicle main,
or repair svcs
17122
Passive, sitting
90599
Using vehicle maint. & repair svcs, n.e.c.
13600
Obtain car services
99999
Using household services, n.e.c.
11000
General household activities
100101
Using police and fire services
13500
Obtain government/financial
services
100102
Using social services
13500
Obtain government/financial
services
100103
Obtaining licenses & paying fines, fees,
taxes
13500
Obtain government/financial
services
100199
Using government services, n.e.c.
13500
Obtain government/financial
services
100201
Civic obligations & participation
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
100299
Civic obligations & participation, n.e.c.
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
100381
Waiting associated with using
government services
17122
Passive, sitting
100383
Waiting associated w/civic obligations
& participation
17122
Passive, sitting
100399
Waiting assoc. w/govt svcs or civic
obligations, n.e.c.
17122
Passive, sitting
100401
Security procedures rel. to govt
svcs/civic obligations
17240
Converse/write
100499
Security procedures rel. to govt
svcs/civic obligations, n.e.c.
17240
Converse/write
109999
Government services, n.e.c.
13500
Obtain government/financial
services
110101
Eating and drinking
14400
Eat
110199
Eating and drinking, n.e.c.
14400
Eat
110281
Waiting associated w/eating & drinking
17122
Passive, sitting
110289
Waiting associated with eating &
drinking, n.e.c.
17122
Passive, sitting
119999
Eating and drinking, n.e.c.
14400
Eat
120101
Socializing and communicating with
others
16600
Visit
120199
Socializing and communicating, n.e.c.
16600
Visit
76
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
120201
Attending or hosting
parties/receptions/ceremonies
16700
Attend a party
120202
Attending meetings for personal
interest (not volunteering)
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
120299
Attending/hosting social events, n.e.c.
16700
Attend a party
120301
Relaxing, thinking
17250
Think and relax
120302
Tobacco and drug use
17200
Participate in passive leisure
120303
Television and movies (not religious)
17223
Watch TV
120304
Television (religious)
17223
Watch TV
120305
Listening to the radio
17221
Listen to radio
120306
Listening to/playing music (not radio)
17140
Create art, music, participate in
hobbies
120307
Playing games
17150
Play games
120308
Computer use for leisure (exc. Games)
17160
Use of computers
120309
Arts and crafts as a hobby
17142
Create domestic crafts
120310
Collecting as a hobby
17141
Participate in hobbies
120311
Hobbies, except arts & crafts and
collecting
17141
Participate in hobbies
120312
Reading for personal interest
17230
Read, general
120313
Writing for personal interest
17242
Write for
leisure/pleasure/paperwork
120399
Relaxing and leisure, n.e.c.
17200
Participate in passive leisure
120401
Attending performing arts
16400
Attend theater
120402
Attending museums
16500
Visit museums
120403
Attending movies/film
16400
Attend theater
120404
Attending gambling establishments
16000
General entertainment/social
activities
120405
Security procedures rel. to arts &
entertainment
17240
Converse/write
120499
Arts and entertainment, n.e.c.
16000
General entertainment/social
activities
120501
Waiting assoc. w/socializing &
communicating
17122
Passive, sitting
120502
Waiting assoc. w/attending/hosting
social events
17122
Passive, sitting
120503
Waiting associated with relaxing/leisure
17122
Passive, sitting
120504
Waiting associated with arts &
entertainment
17122
Passive, sitting
120599
Waiting associated with socializing,
n.e.c.
17122
Passive, sitting
129999
Socializing, relaxing, and leisure, n.e.c.
16000
General entertainment/social
activities
77
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
130101
Doing aerobics
17130
Exercise
130102
Playing baseball
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130103
Playing basketball
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130104
Biking
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
130105
Playing billiards
17113
Bowling/pool/ping pong/pinball
130106
Boating
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130107
Bowling
17113
Bowling/pool/ping pong/pinball
130108
Climbing, spelunking, caving
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130109
Dancing
17144
Perform music/drama/dance
130110
Participating in equestrian sports
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130111
Fencing
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130112
Fishing
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
130113
Playing football
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130114
Golfing
17112
Golf
130115
Doing gymnastics
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130116
Hiking
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
130117
Playing hockey
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130118
Hunting
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
130119
Participating in martial arts
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130120
Playing racquet sports
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130121
Participating in rodeo competitions
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130122
Rollerblading
17130
Exercise
130123
Playing rugby
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130124
Running
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
130125
Skiing, ice skating, snowboarding
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130126
Playing soccer
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
78
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
130127
Softball
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130128
Using cardiovascular equipment
17130
Exercise
130129
Vehicle touring/racing
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130130
Playing volleyball
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130131
Walking
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
130132
Participating in water sports
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130133
Weightlifting/strength training
17130
Exercise
130134
Working out, unspecified
17130
Exercise
130135
Wrestling
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130136
Doing yoga
17114
Yoga
130199
Playing sports n.e.c.
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
130201
Watching aerobics
16100
Attend sports events
130202
Watching baseball
16100
Attend sports events
130203
Watching basketball
16100
Attend sports events
130204
Watching biking
16100
Attend sports events
130205
Watching billiards
16100
Attend sports events
130206
Watching boating
16100
Attend sports events
130207
Watching bowling
16100
Attend sports events
130208
Watching climbing, spelunking, caving
16100
Attend sports events
130209
Watching dancing
16100
Attend sports events
130210
Watching equestrian sports
16100
Attend sports events
130211
Watching fencing
16100
Attend sports events
130212
Watching fishing
16100
Attend sports events
130213
Watching football
16100
Attend sports events
130214
Watching golfing
16100
Attend sports events
130215
Watching gymnastics
16100
Attend sports events
130216
Watching hockey
16100
Attend sports events
130217
Watching martial arts
16100
Attend sports events
130218
Watching racquet sports
16100
Attend sports events
130219
Watching rodeo competitions
16100
Attend sports events
130220
Watching rollerblading
16100
Attend sports events
130221
Watching rugby
16100
Attend sports events
130222
Watching running
16100
Attend sports events
130223
Watching skiing, ice skating,
snowboarding
16100
Attend sports events
79
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
ACT Code
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
130224
Watching soccer
16100
Attend sports events
130225
Watching softball
16100
Attend sports events
130226
Watching vehicle touring/racing
16100
Attend sports events
130227
Watching volleyball
16100
Attend sports events
130228
Watching walking
16100
Attend sports events
130229
Watching water sports
16100
Attend sports events
130230
Watching weightlifting/strength
training
16100
Attend sports events
130231
Watching people working out,
unspecified
16100
Attend sports events
130232
Watching wrestling
16100
Attend sports events
130299
Attending sporting events, n.e.c.
16100
Attend sports events
130301
Waiting related to playing sports or
exercising
17122
Passive, sitting
130302
Waiting related to attending sporting
events
17122
Passive, sitting
130399
Waiting associated with sports,
exercise, & recreation, n.e.c.
17122
Passive, sitting
130401
Security related to playing sports or
exercising
17240
Converse/write
130402
Security related to attending sporting
events
17240
Converse/write
130499
Security related to sports, exercise, &
recreation, n.e.c.
17240
Converse/write
139999
Sports, exercise, & recreation, n.e.c.
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
140101
Attending religious services
16210
Practice religion
140102
Participation in religious practices
16210
Practice religion
140103
Waiting associated w/religious &
spiritual activities
17122
Passive, sitting
140104
Security procedures rel. to religious &
spiritual activities
17240
Converse/write
140105
Religious education activities
16210
Practice religion
149999
Religious and spiritual activities, n.e.c.
16210
Practice religion
150101
Computer use
17160
Use of computers
150102
Organizing and preparing
17240
Converse/write
150103
Reading
17230
Read, general
150104
Telephone calls (except hotline
counseling)
17241
Converse
150105
Writing
17242
Write for
leisure/pleasure/paperwork
150106
Fundraising
17240
Converse/write
80
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
150199
Administrative & support activities,
n.e.c.
17240
Converse/write
150201
Food preparation, presentation, clean-
up
11110
Prepare and clean-up food
150202
Collecting & delivering clothing & other
goods
13230
Run errands
150203
Providing care
14300
Help and care
150204
Teaching, leading, counseling,
mentoring
12300
Help /teach
150299
Social service & care activities, n.e.c.
14300
Help and care
150301
Building houses, wildlife sites, & other
structures
11300
Outdoor chores
150302
Indoor & outdoor maintenance, repair,
& clean-up
11300
Outdoor chores
150399
Indoor & outdoor maintenance,
building & clean-up activities, n.e.c.
11300
Outdoor chores
150401
Performing
17144
Perform music/drama/dance
150402
Serving at volunteer events & cultural
activities
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
150499
Participating in performance & cultural
activities, n.e.c.
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
150501
Attending meetings, conferences, &
training
15140
Attend adult education and special
training
150599
Attending meetings, conferences, &
training, n.e.c.
15140
Attend adult education and special
training
150601
Public health activities
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
150602
Public safety activities
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
150699
Public health & safety activities, n.e.c.
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
159989
Volunteer activities, n.e.c.
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
160101
Telephone calls to/from family
members
17241
Converse
160102
Telephone calls to/from friends,
neighbors, or acquaintances
17241
Converse
160103
Telephone calls to/from education
services providers
17241
Converse
160104
Telephone calls to/from salespeople
17241
Converse
160105
Telephone calls to/from professional or
personal care svcs providers
17241
Converse
81
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
160106
Telephone calls to/from household
services providers
17241
Converse
160107
Telephone calls to/from paid child or
adult care providers
17241
Converse
160108
Telephone calls to/from government
officials
17241
Converse
169989
Telephone calls, n.e.c.
17241
Converse
180101
Travel related to personal care
18400
Travel for goods and services
180199
Travel related to personal care, n.e.c.
18400
Travel for goods and services
180280
Travel related to household activities
180381
Travel related to caring for and helping
hh children
18300
Travel for child care
180382
Travel related to caring for and helping
hh adults
18400
Travel for goods and services
180399
Travel rel. to caring for & helping hh
members, n.e.c.
18400
Travel for goods and services
180481
Travel related to caring for and helping
nonhh children
18300
Travel for child care
180482
Travel related to caring for and helping
nonhh adults
18400
Travel for goods and services
180499
Travel rel. to caring for & helping nonhh
members, n.e.c.
18400
Travel for goods and services
180501
Travel related to working
18100
Travel during work
180502
Travel related to work-related activities
18100
Travel during work
180589
Travel related to work, n.e.c.
18100
Travel during work
180601
Travel related to taking class
18600
Travel for education
180682
Travel related to education (except
taking class)
18600
Travel for education
180699
Travel related to education, n.e.c.
18600
Travel for education
180701
Travel related to grocery shopping
13200
Shop/run errands
180782
Travel related to shopping (except
grocery shopping)
13200
Shop/run errands
180801
Travel related to using childcare
services
18300
Travel for child care
180802
Travel related to using financial services
and banking
18400
Travel for goods and services
180803
Travel related to using legal services
18400
Travel for goods and services
180804
Travel related to using medical services
18400
Travel for goods and services
180805
Travel related to using personal care
services
18400
Travel for goods and services
180806
Travel related to using real estate
services
18400
Travel for goods and services
82
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
180807
Travel related to using veterinary
services
18400
Travel for goods and services
180899
Travel rel. to using prof. & personal care
services, n.e.c.
18400
Travel for goods and services
180901
Travel related to using household
services
18400
Travel for goods and services
180902
Travel related to using home
main./repair/decor./construction svcs
18400
Travel for goods and services
180903
Travel related to using pet services (not
vet)
18400
Travel for goods and services
180904
Travel related to using lawn and garden
services
18400
Travel for goods and services
180905
Travel related to using vehicle
maintenance & repair services
18400
Travel for goods and services
180999
Travel related to using household
services, n.e.c.
18400
Travel for goods and services
181081
Travel related to using government
services
18400
Travel for goods and services
181002
Travel related to civic obligations &
participation
18800
Travel for event/social activity
181099
Travel rel. to govt svcs & civic
obligations, n.e.c.
18400
Travel for goods and services
181101
Travel related to eating and drinking
18800
Travel for event/social activity
181199
Travel related to eating and drinking,
n.e.c.
18800
Travel for event/social activity
181201
Travel related to socializing and
communicating
18800
Travel for event/social activity
181202
Travel related to attending or hosting
social events
18800
Travel for event/social activity
181283
Travel related to relaxing and leisure
18900
Travel for leisure
181204
Travel related to arts and
entertainment
18900
Travel for leisure
181299
Travel rel. to socializing, relaxing, &
leisure, n.e.c.
18900
Travel for leisure
181301
Travel related to participating in
sports/exercise/recreation
18900
Travel for leisure
181302
Travel related to attending
sporting/recreational events
18900
Travel for leisure
181399
Travel related to sports, exercise, &
recreation, n.e.c.
18900
Travel for leisure
181401
Travel related to religious/spiritual
practices
18800
Travel for event/social activity
83
-------
Table A.3-3. Assignment of ATUS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
TRCODEP
Code (ATUS)
TRCODEP Code Description (ATUS)a
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
181499
Travel rel. to religious/spiritual
activities, n.e.c.
18800
Travel for event/social activity
181501
Travel related to volunteering
18800
Travel for event/social activity
181599
Travel related to volunteer activities,
n.e.c.
18800
Travel for event/social activity
181601
Travel related to phone calls
18000
Travel, general
181699
Travel rel. to phone calls, n.e.c.
18000
Travel, general
181801
Security procedures related to traveling
17240
Converse/write
181899
Security procedures related to
traveling, n.e.c.
17240
Converse/write
189999
Traveling, n.e.c.
18000
Travel, general
500101
Insufficient detail in verbatim
X
Missing
500103
Missing travel or destination
X
Missing
500104
Recorded simultaneous activities
incorrectly
X
Missing
500105
Respondent refused to provide
information/"none of your business"
X
Missing
500106
Gap/can't remember
X
Missing
500107
Unable to code activity at 1st tier
X
Missing
509989
Data codes, n.e.c.
X
Missing
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the ATUS data were incorporated into
CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs.
an.e.c = not elsewhere classified; hh = household
84
-------
Table A.3-4. Assignment of ATUS Education Codes to CHAD-Master Education Codes
PEEDUCA Code (ATUS)
PEEDUCA Code Description (ATUS)
EDUCATION Code (CHAD)
-3
Refused
X
-2
Don't Know
X
-1
Blank
X
31
Less than 1st grade
N
32
1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th grade
SE
33
5th or 6th grade
SE
34
7th or 8th grade
E
35
9th grade
SH
36
10th grade
SH
37
11th grade
SH
38
12th grade - no diploma
SH
39
High school graduate - diploma or equivalent (GED)
H
40
Some college but no degree
SC
41
Associate degree - occupational/vocational
C
42
Associate degree - academic program
C
43
Bachelor's degree (BA, AB, BS, etc.)
C
44
Master's degree (MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, etc.)
G
45
Professional school degree (MD, DDS, DVM, etc.)
G
46
Doctoral degree (PhD, EdD, etc.)
G
85
-------
Table A.3-5. Assignment of ATUS Occupation Codes to CHAD-Master Occupation Codes
PRDTOCC1 Code (ATUS)
PRDTOCC1 Code Description (ATUS)
OCCUP Code (CHAD)
-3
Refused
X
-2
Don't Know
X
-1
Blank
X
1
Management occupations
ADMIN
2
Business and financial operations occupations
ADMIN
3
Computer and mathematical science occupations
PROF
4
Architecture and engineering occupations
PROF
5
Life, physical, and social science occupations
PROF
6
Community and social service occupations
PROF
7
Legal occupations
PROF
8
Education, training, and library occupations
PROF
9
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations
PROF
10
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
PROF
11
Healthcare support occupations
TECH
12
Protective service occupations
PROTECT
13
Food preparation and serving related occupations
SERV
14
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations
LABOR
15
Personal care and service occupations
SERV LABOR
16
Sales and related occupations
SALE
17
Office and administrative support occupations
ADMSUP
18
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
FARM
19
Construction and extraction occupations
LABOR
20
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
PREC
21
Production occupations
MECH
22
Transportation and material moving occupations
TRANS
23
Armed Forces
PROTECT
86
-------
Table A.3-6. Assignment of ATUS Race Codes to CHAD-Master Race Codes
PTDTRACE Code(ATUS)
PTDTRACE Code Description (ATUS)
RACE Code (CHAD)
-3
Refused
X
-2
Don't Know
X
-1
Blank
X
1
White only
w
2
Black only
B
3
American Indian, Alaskan Native only
0
4
Asian only
A
5
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander only
0
6
White-Black
B
7
White-American Indian
0
8
White-Asian
A
9
White-Hawaiian
0
10
Black-American Indian
B
11
Black-Asian
B
12
Black-Hawaiian
B
13
American Indian-Asian
0
14
Asian-Hawaiian
A
15
White-Black-American Indian
B
16
White-Black-Asian
B
17
White-American Indian-Asian
0
18
White-Asian-Hawaiian
0
19
White-Black-American Indian-Asian
0
20
2 or 3 races
0
21
4 or 5 races
0
87
-------
Table A.3-7. Values of ATUS Variables HUFAMINC/HEFAMINC for CHAD-Master Income
Codes
HUFAMINC (2003-2009)/HEFAMINC (2010-)
Code (ATUS)
HUFAMINC (2003-2009)/HEFAMINC (2010-) Code
Description (ATUS)
1
Less than $5,000
2
$5,000 to $7,499
3
$7,500 to $9,999
4
$10,000 to $12,499
5
$12,500 to $14,999
6
$15,000 to $19,999
7
$20,000 to $24,999
8
$25,000 to $29,999
9
$30,000 to $34,999
10
$35,000 to $39,999
11
$40,000 to $49,999
12
$50,000 to $59,999
13
$60,000 to $74,999
14
$75,000 to $99,999(2011-); $75,000+ (2003-2009)
15
$100,000 to $149,999 (2011-)
16
$150,000 and over (2011-)
Note: The CHAD-Master INCOME variable set as midpoint of bins (in thousands of dollars), except for the
maximum ATUS bins (set to missing = -999).
Table A.3-8. Assignment of ATUS Employed Codes to CHAD-Master Employed Codes
TELFS Code (ATUS)
TELFS Description Code (ATUS)
EMPLOYED Code (CHAD)
-3
Refused
X
-2
Don't Know
X
-1
Blank
X
1
Employed - at work
Y
2
Employed - absent
Y
3
Unemployed - on layoff
N
4
Unemployed - looking
N
5
Not in labor force
N
88
-------
A.4. Baltimore Retirement Home Study (BAL)
The Baltimore Retirement Home Study (BAL) was conducted with respondents aged 65 years or
older in a retirement home in Baltimore County, Maryland during January and February 1997
and July and August 1998. BAL added 391 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. Data were provided in
Williams et al. (2000).
Format of Data Provided. No information
provided at this time.
Study Details
All respondents were Caucasian and at least 65
years of age. No individual was a part of both
study periods. In each of 3 consecutive weeks in
1997, five people recorded diaries 5 days per
week. Twenty-one people participated in 1998.
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Study staff used
recall from each respondent to document personal
activity patterns, measured as the amount of time
spent in selected activities or scenarios (e.g.,
sleeping; driving; spending time indoors or
outdoors; trips to stores, family outings, or church)
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Study staff recorded a daily activity log at 15-minute
intervals for each respondent.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. No information provided at this time.
Details of the Coding of Study Information
BAL added 391 diary-days of human-activity and location data to CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Locations from BAL to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Mapping of Activities from BAL to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Williams, R, Suggs, J, Creason, J, Rodes, C, Lawless, P, Kwok, R, Zweidinger, R, and Sheldon,
L. 2000. The 1998 Baltimore Particulate Matter Epidemiology-Exposure Study: Part 2. Personal
89
Incorporating liAL into CIIAD-
Masler
• Source—dala pro\ided in
W illiams el al (2<)<)<))
• Dala formal not a\ailaMe
• Dala gathering daily recall
dala collected l\\ sludy staff
o\ er a 3-week period
• I inal ( IIAD-Masler IJAI
dala set 15 AI. added 3l> I
diary-days of luiman-acli\ ily
and location data to CI IAD-
Master
-------
exposure associated with an elderly population. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 10(6): 533—
543.
90
-------
A.5. California Activity Pattern Studies (CAA, CAC, CAY)
Studies of activity patterns of California residents were conducted from 1987 to 1990 by the
California Air Resources Board (Wiley et al., 1991a; 1991b). The California Adults Activity
Patterns Study (CAA) and California Youth Activity Patterns Study (CAY) were conducted in
California from October 1987 through September 1988 (Wiley et al., 1991a). CAA respondents
were 18 to 94 years of age, and the CAA added one diary-day to CHAD-Master for each of
1,579 CAA respondents. CAY respondents were 12 to 17 years of age, and the CAY added one
diary-day to CHAD-Master for each of 183 CAY respondents. The California Children Activity
Patterns Study (CAC) was conducted in California from April 1989 through February 1990
(Wiley et al. 1991b). Its 1,200 respondents were up to 11 years of age and added 1,200 diary-
days to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. James Capel (independent
consultant) supplied EPA with the data after
receiving a letter from Tom McCurdy (of EPA)
requesting the data.
Format of Data Provided. Paper diaries were
provided as Microsoft® Excel files.
Study Details
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Retrospective
time diaries were collected via telephone for all
activities occurring on the previous day.
Questionnaire data were also collected on housing
and socioeconomic characteristics.
For CAA, one adult aged 18 years or older was
interviewed. As part of the adult interview, the
presence of youths aged 12 through 17 years
living in the household was determined. If one or
more youths were present in the household, a
shortened version of the interview was
administered to a randomly selected youth in the
household (as permitted by the youth's parent or
guardian) (Wiley et al., 1991a).
For CAA and CAY, respondents provided location of each activity, an indication of whether they
or anyone else nearby was smoking during the activity, and time that the current activity ended
and the next activity began. A total of 36,918 (CAA and CAY) records were collected (571 cases
missing data) (Wiley et al., 1991a).
For CAC, each respondent (either the child 9 to 11 years old or an adult informant living in the
child's household) was asked to recall the child's activities the previous day. For each activity,
respondents provided location of the activity, an indication of whether or not tobacco smoke was
91
Incorporating CAA. ( AC. and
CAY into( IIAD-Masler
• Source—data from Wiley el al
(I win. I wih). James Capel
pro\ ided database
• Data formal paper diaries
|ii'o\ ided as Microsoft I-aeel
liles: database pro\ ided by
James Capel
• Data gathering 24-hour
recall data collected In
telephone intemews with
structured questions
• l-'inal CIIAD-Masler CAA
data set CAA. CAY. and
(AC added I.571). I S3, and
1,2i)o diary-days of luiman-
acti\ ity and location data,
respecti \ el v. to CI IAD-Master
-------
present, and the timeframe of the activity. A total of 27,048 records were collected (Wiley et al.,
1991b).
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Using telephone survey, respondents—or adults in the
household for some child respondents—were asked to recall activities that occurred the previous
day. Activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. The CAA, CAY, and CAC interviews were conducted
using CATI with a set of structured questions (Wiley et al., 1991a; 1991b).
Details of the Coding of Study Information
CAA, CAY, and CAC added 1,579, 183, and 1,200 diary-days of human-activity and location
data, respectively, to the CHAD-Master.
For CAA, The table c_tblCali_To_Chad was created to link CAA observations in
tblCali DataSetl (and others) and tblCHAD Data. The CHADID was developed from the PID
in original data, which was padded with leading zeros as needed until it was five characters long
and then was augmented with a trailing "A" and a leading "CAA" (i.e., CHADID = "CAA" &
right("00000"&trim([PID],5)&"A").
For CAY, the data were stored in tblCali DataSet3 and 5. Most item names started with "y". The
CHAD IDs for the youth and the IDs in the diary are the corresponding adult's ID plus 2. The
CHADID was developed from the adult's PID in the original data, which was incremented by 2
and then padded with leading zeros as needed until it was five characters long, and then it was
augmented with a trailing "A" and a leading "CAY" (i.e., CHADID = "CAY" &
right("00000"&str(val(trim([PID]))+2),5)&"A"). The table c_tblCHAD_To_CA links the main
California data tables with CHAD tables. The diaries use different IDs.
Mapping of Locations from CAA, CAY, and CAC to CHAD-Master. Mapping of CAA,
CAY, CAC location variables to CHAD-Master locations is presented in Table A.5-1.
Mapping of Activities from CAA, CAY, and CAC to CHAD-Master. Mapping of CAA,
CAY, CAC CHAD activity variables to CHAD-Master activities is presented in Table A.5-2.
Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD activity codes in 2015, after the CAA data were
incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Wiley J, Robinson J, Piazza T, Garrett K, Cirksena K, Cheng Y, and Martin G. 1991a. Activity
Patterns of California Residents. Final Report. Prepared for California Air Resources Board,
Research Division, Sacramento, CA.
Wiley J, Robinson J, Cheng Y, Piazza T, Stork L, and Pladsen K. 1991b. Study of Children's
Activity Patterns. Final Report under contract no A733-149. Prepared for California Air
Resources Board, Research Division, Sacramento, CA.
92
-------
Table A.5-1. Assignment of CAA, CAY, and CAC Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (CAA and CAY)
Location Code (CAC)
30020: other's residence
32
-
30121: kitchen
1
1
30122: living room/family room
2
2
30123: dining room
3
3
30124: bathroom
4
4
30125: bedroom
5
5
30126: study/ office
6
6
30127: basement
8
8
30128: utility room/laundry room
9
9
30131: kitchen
-
3201
30132: living room/family room
-
3202
30133: dining room
-
3203
30134: bathroom
-
3204
30135: bedroom
-
3205
30136: study/office
-
3206
30137: basement
-
3208
30138: utility room/laundry room
-
3209
30211: pool, spa
10
10
30219: other outdoor
11
11
30221: pool, spa
-
3210
30229: other outdoor
-
3211
30330:your garage
7
7
30340: other's garage
-
3207
30400: other, residence
-
13
31110:car
51
51
31121: truck (pick-up or van)
52
52
31122: truck (other than pick-up or van)
57
57
31130: motorcycle/ moped/motorized scooter
60
60
31140:bus
55
55
31150: train/subway/rapid transit
56
56, 69, 70
31160: airplane
58
58
31210: walk
53
53
31220: bicycle/ skateboard/roller- skates
59
59
31230: in a stroller or carried by an adult
-
63
31310: wait for bus, train, ride (at stop)
54
54
31900: travel, other
61
-
32100: office building/ bank/ post office
21
21
32200: industrial plant/ factory/warehouse
22
22
32300: grocery store/convenience store
23
23
32400: shopping mall non-grocery store
24
24
32510: bar/night club
29
29
93
-------
Table A.5-1. Assignment of CAA, CAY, and CAC Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (CAA and CAY)
Location Code (CAC)
32610: auto repair shop/gas station
33
33
32700: indoor gym, sports or health club
31
31
32810: childcare facility, house
-
253
32820: childcare facility, commercial
-
255
32900: public building/library/ museum/theater
26
26
33200: hospital/health care facility/doctor's office
27
27
33300: beauty parlor/ barber shop/hair dresser's
37
37
33400: at work: no specific location, moving among
locations
38
-
33500:school
25
251
33600: restaurant
28
28
33700:church
30
30
33800: hotel/ motel
35
35
33900: dry cleaners
36
36
34200: other, indoor (specify)
39
39
35000: other outdoor, general
34, 11
-
35500: amusement park
-
38
35620: playground
-
34
36300: other outdoor (specify)
40
40
94
-------
Table A.5-2. Assignment of CAA, CAY, and CAC Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (CAA and CAY)
Activity Code (CAC)
10110: work, general, for organizational activities
-
60
10111: work for professional/union organizations
60
-
10112: work for special interest identity
organizations
61
-
10113: work for political party and civic participation
62
-
10114: work for volunteer/helping organizations
63
-
10115: work of/for religious groups
64
-
10116: work for fraternal organizations
66
-
10117: work for child/youth/family organizations
67
-
10118: work for other organizations
68
-
10120: work, income-related only
1
5
10130: work, secondary (income-related)
5
-
10200: unemployment
2
2
10300:breaks
8
-
11100:prepare food
10
10
11210: clean-up food
11
11
11220: clean house
12
12
11310: clean outdoors
13
13
11400: care of clothes
14
14
11410: wash clothes
-
149
11500: build a fire
169
169
11610: repair of boat
166
166
11620: paint home/room
167
167
11630: repair/maintain car
15
15
11640: home repairs
-
16
11650: other repairs
16
-
11700: care for plants
17
17
11800: care for pets/animals
18
19
11900:other household
19
18
12100:care of baby
20
20
12200: care of child
21
21
12300: help/teach
22
22
12400: talk/read
23
23
12500: play indoors
24
24
12600: play outdoors
25
25
12700: medical care-child
26
26
12800: other child care
27
27
13100: dry clean
28
-
13200: shop/run errands, general
-
301
13210:shop for food
30
30
13220: shop for clothes or household goods
31
31
95
-------
Table A.5-2. Assignment of CAA, CAY, and CAC Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (CAA and CAY)
Activity Code (CAC)
13230: run errands
38
38
13300: obtain personal care service
32
32
13400: obtain medical service
33
33
13500: obtain government/financial services
34
34
13600: obtain car service
35
35
13700: other repairs
36
36
13800: other services
37
37
14100: shower, bathe, personal hygiene
40
40
14200: medical care
41
41
14300: help and care
42
42
14400:eat
43, 44, 6
43, 44, 6, 711
14500: sleep or nap
45,46
45,46
14600: dress, groom
47
47
15100: attend full-time school
50
50
15110: attend day-care
-
52
15200: attend other classes
51
51
15300: do homework
54
54, 549
15400: use library
55
55
15500: other education
56
56
16100: attend sports events
70
70
16210: practice religion
65
-
16300: view movie
72
72
16400: attend theater
73
73
16500: visit museums
74
74
16600: visit
75
75
16700: attend a party
76
76
16800: go to bar/lounge
77
77
16900: other entertainment/social events
78, 71
71, 78
17110: participate in sports
80
80
17111: hunting, fishing, hiking
-
-
17112: golf
801
801
17113: bowling/pool/ping pong/pinball
802
802
17114:yoga
803
803
17120: participate in outdoor leisure
-
81
17121: play, unspecified
-
811
17131: walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
82
82
17141: participate in hobbies
83
83
17142: create domestic crafts
84
84
17143: create art
85
85
17144: perform music/drama/dance
86
86
17150: play games
87
87
96
-------
Table A.5-2. Assignment of CAA, CAY, and CAC Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (CAA and CAY)
Activity Code (CAC)
17160: use of computer
88
-
17211: watch adult at work
-
8
17212: watch someone provide childcare
-
28
17213: watch personal care
-
48
17214: watch education
-
58
17215: watch organizational activities
-
68
17216: watch recreation
-
88
17221: listen to radio
90
90
17222: listen to recorded music
92
92
17223: watch TV
91, 914
91, 914, 915
17231:read books
93, 939
93, 934, 937, 938
17232: read magazine/not ascertained
94
94, 944
17233: read newspaper
95, 954
95, 954
17241:converse
96
96
17242: write for leisure/pleasure/paperwork
97, 971
97, 971
17250: think and relax
98
-
17300: other leisure
-
98, 875, 877, 879
18100: travel during work
3
3
18200: travel to/from work
9
9
18300: travel for child care
29
29
18400: travel for goods and services
39
39
18500: travel for personal care
49
49
18600: travel for education
59
59
18700: travel for organizational activity
69
69
18800: travel for event/social activity
79
79
18900: travel for leisure
-
-
18910: travel for active leisure
89
89
18920: travel for passive leisure
99
99
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the CAA, CAC, and CAY data were
incorporated into CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs.
97
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A.6. Cincinnati Activity Patterns Study (CIN)
The Cincinnati Activity Patterns Study (CIN) was conducted in March and April or August and
September of 1985 in the Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan area and included respondents aged less
than 1 to 86 years (Johnson, 1989). With 973 respondents, CIN provided 2,614 diary-days of
human activity to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Incorporating ( IN into ( IIAD-
Source of Study Data. The data were from M-isicr
Johnson (1989), and the electronic data were
provided by James Capel (independent . So(|m. t,.lUl ,Vom Johnson
consultant). (| jlimcs ( npd pro\ idcd
Format of Data Provided. No information '1M"
provided at this time. . ,.k.ccroni,
Study Details
pro\idcd (formal unspccilied)
Data "alhcriii" acli\ il\ diarv
l inal ( IIAD-Masler ( IN
data sol CIN added 2.M4
diary-days of luiman-acli\ ily
and location data lo CI IAD-
Masler
The study was funded by the Electric Power ,, , ,
Research Institute and was conducted in 1985 '1IK s^lolMK <-|LH-sln.>nnai1
(Johnson, 1989). Using a screening questionnaire
administered to several thousand households in
the study area, 973 respondents were randomly
selected. The respondent questionnaire included
detailed questions about the respondent's home,
age, gender, education environment, work
environment, commuting habits, occupation,
leisure-time activities, socioeconomic status, indoor pollution sources, time spent indoors and
outdoors, time spent in strenuous activities, and number of children in household. Respondents
kept activity diaries for 3 consecutive 24-hour periods. In 1991, EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS) combined data from the Cincinnati, Denver, and Washington,
DC studies into a "Multicity Activity Data Base" (Paul et al., 1991).
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Each respondent was asked to carry an activity diary for 3
consecutive 24-hour sampling periods in either March/April or August/September of 1985.
These months were chosen to represent seasons with differing activity patterns. Each respondent
was also requested to complete a detailed background questionnaire. The questionnaire responses
and approximately 2,800 respondent-days of activity diary data were collected, validated, and
entered into an activity-pattern data base; 2,614 of these diary-days were incorporated into
CHAD-Master.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. The start and end times were not consistent from person to
person, and activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. A questionnaire was administered with a set of structured
questions.
98
-------
Details of the Coding of Study Information
CIN added 2,614 diary-days of human-activity and location data to CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Locations from CIN to CHAD-Master. Mapping of CIN location variables to
CHAD-Master locations is presented in Table A.6-1.
Mapping of Activities from CIN to CHAD-Master. The CIN activity diary page includes the
following data items. Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD activity codes in 2015,
after the CIN data were incorporated into CHAD-Master.
• Time activity started (TIME)
• Activity (A)
• Location (B)
• Breathing rate (C)
• Smoking (D)
• Fireplace use (El)
• Woodstove use (E2)
• Window status (E3)
Mapping of CIN activity variables to CHAD-Master activities is presented in Table A.6-2.
Assumptions. The table c tblCHAD ToCinByPerson links summaries made by person to
CHAD-Master. CHAD values for SMOKER were set based on diary entries. If a person had
smoked at all during any diary-day, then SMOKER-'Y" was assigned for all of his diary-days.
If he never smoked then SMOKER="N" was set. Values for passive smoke exposure,
SMOKER2, were set for a diary-day (not an individual) to "Y" if any passive smoke exposure
was recorded in the diary. Otherwise, the value was set to "N".
Quality Flags/Quality Assurance Checks. CIN asked the respondents to identify those
activities accompanied by heavy breathing. The definition of heavy breathing is therefore
subjective and not consistent across individuals or across studies.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Johnson, T. 1989. Human Activity Patterns in Cincinnati, Ohio. Final Report. Prepared for
Electric Power Research Institute, Health Studies Program, Palo Alto, CA.
Paul RA, Yoder JM, Johnson T, and Capel J. 1991. Documentation for the Multicity Activity
Data Base. Report for International Technology Air Quality Services, Durham, NC.
99
-------
Table A.6-1. Assignment of CIN Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (CIN)
30120: your residence, indoor
3
30130: other's residence, indoor
4
30200: residence, outdoor
60
30310: indoor garage
38
30320:outdoor garage
55
31110:car
1
31120:truck
28
31121: truck (pick-up or van)
30
31130: motorcycle/ moped/motorized scooter
31
31140:bus
29
31150: train/subway/rapid transit
32
31160: airplane
33
31171: motorized boat
34
31172: unmotorized boat
35
31910: other vehicle
36
32100: office building/ bank/ post office
5
32200: industrial plant/ factory/warehouse
6
32300: grocery store/convenience store
8
32400: shopping mall non-grocery store
48
32510: bar/night club
52
32520: bowling alley
51
32610: auto repair shop/gas station
40
32620: other repair shop
41
32700: indoor gym, sports or health club
42
32910: auditorium, sport's arena, concert hall
43
32920: library, courtroom, museum, theater
44, 50, 45
33200: hospital/health care facility/doctor's office
49
33500:school
7
33600: restaurant
46
33700:church
47
34100: parking garage
39
34200: other, indoor (specify)
53, 9
35110: within 10 yards of street
10
35210: public garage
56
35220: parking lot
57
35300: service station/gas station
58
35400: construction site
59
35610:school grounds
61
35620: playground
62
35700: sports stadium and amphitheater
63
35800: park/golf course
64
100
-------
Table A.6-1. Assignment of CIN Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (CIN)
36300: other outdoor (specify)
67, 11
101
-------
Table A.6-2. Assignment of CIN Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (CIN)
10110: work, general, for organizational activities
19
10120: work, income-related only
2
11110: prepare and clean-up food
8
11300:outdoor chores
11
11400: care of clothes
9
11900:other household
10
12000: child care, general
12
13200: shop/run errands, general
13
14400: eat
15
14500: sleep or nap
16
14700:other personal needs
17
15110: attend day-care
3
15120: attend K-12
4
15130: attend college or trade school
5
15140: attend adult education and special training
6
15300: do homework
7
16100: attend sports events
21
16210: practice religion
18
16500: visit museums
24
16600: visit
26
16700: attend a party
25
16800: go to bar/lounge
23
16900: other entertainment/social events
22
17110: participate in sports
28
17111: hunting, fishing, hiking
29
17131: walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
30, 31
17140: create art, music, participate in hobbies
32
17170: participate in recess and physical education
27
17180: other sports and active leisure
33
17220: listen to radio/listen to recorded music/watch TV
35
17230: read, general
34
17240: converse/write
36
17250: think and relax
37
17260: other passive leisure
38
18000: travel, general
1
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the CIN data were incorporated into
CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs.
102
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A.7. Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEA)
The Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEA) was a particulate matter study
conducted by the EPA from June 2004 through October 2007 in the Detroit, Michigan area. Over
100 respondents aged 18 years or more in the Detroit area kept daily activity diaries during
several seasons, leading to 340 diary-days entered into CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. Data were provided by
Ron Williams of EPA.
Format of Data Provided. No information
provided at this time.
Study Details
A randomized recruitment strategy recruited 137
respondents from the Wayne County/Detroit area
of Michigan to participate in a two-season
(summer and winter) monitoring program for 5
days per season. Respondents were nonsmokers,
lived in nonsmoking households, were
ambulatory, were expected to live in the same
dwelling for 9 consecutive months, lived in a
detached home, were 18 years of age or older, and
were able to understand English or Spanish. Daily
activity diaries indicating location, activity, and
level of exertion were kept (Williams et al., 2008).
Recall versus Real-time Diary. No information provided at this time.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Diaries contained entries for every 15-minute segment of
the day. Activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. Activities were recorded via free-form entry while
location data were structured.
Incorporating DKA into ( IIAD-
Master
• Source Ron W illiams of N\\
• Data formal no information
pro\ ided al this time
• Data gathering acli\ilies
recorded \ ia lYee-lorm entry,
while location data were
structured
• I'inal ('IIAI)-.Mastcr DMA
data set 1)1-A added 34<)
diary-days of luiman-acti\ ity
and location data to CI IAD-
Master
Details of the Coding of Study Information
Activity diaries were hand-coded into CHAD-Master by EPA staff (Tom McCurdy and Kristin
Isaacs), leading to 340 diary-days of human-activity data added to CHAD-Master. Table A.7-1
provides information on the presence and absence of available diary variables from DEA.
Mapping of Locations from DEA to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Mapping of Activities from DEA to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
103
-------
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Williams R, Rea A, Vette A, Croghan C, Whitaker D, Stevens C, McDow S, Fortmann R,
Sheldon L, Wilson H, Thornburg J, Phillips M, Lawless P, Rodes C, and Daughtrey H. 2008.
The design and field implementation of the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study.
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 19: 643-659.
Table A.7-1. CHAD-Master Variables with Corresponding Data from DEA
CHAD Variable
CHAD Variable Description
Event Variables
actdesc
Original activity description from survey
Location Variables
state
State of residence
Weather Variables
Weather data were collected from the Detroit airport weather station for the day of the diary
collection; however, information is not currently available on which variables were present.
Personal Variables
fueltype
Fuel or energy source used to heat living quarters
heatingtype
Type of heating for living quarters
housingtype
Best description of living quarters
race
Racial/Ethnic group
weight
Weight
Personal Flags
aircond
Flag for air conditioning (Yes/No)
employed
Flag for employed outside home (Yes/No)
garage
Flag for attached garage (Yes/No)
gasstove
Flag for gas stove used in house (Yes/No)
nearsmoker
Flag for having been around smoker (Yes/No)
smoker
Flag for being a smoker (Yes/No)
student
Flag for being a student (Yes/No)
Note: Variables shown in the above table are only those relevant to the current study. A list of all CHAD-Master
variables can be found in Section 4.
104
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A.8. Denver, Colorado Personal Exposure Study (DEN)
The Denver, Colorado Carbon Monoxide (CO) Personal Exposure Study (DEN) was conducted
in November 1982 through February 1983 in the Denver metropolitan area. A total of 454 study
respondents aged 18 to 70 years provided data from CO personal exposure monitors (PEMs) and
activity diary data for 2 consecutive 24-hour sampling periods, leading to 805 diary-days of
human-activity and location data added to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Incorporating l)K\ into CMAD-
Source of Study Data. The electronic data were M-ister
provided by James Capel (independent consultant),
and was found to have an incomplete questionnaire. # Source data from lolinson
So far, a complete version of that questionnaire has (| ,)|K| |0|inson cl ;1|
not been found. (] ). .lames Cupel pimided
_ , ¦ -kt • p database
Format of Data Provided. No information
provided at this time. _ i,,.,
^ • Data lorninl eleclionie data
Study Details
pix>\ iclecl (formal unspecified)
Final ( IIAD-Master I)KM
data set 1)1 A added N<)5
and location data to CI IAD-
Master
The target population for DEN included all non- * J1''1'111 'n^ 'Kl'} 'l> >
• .• r , , • • i , r.., and nackmound questionnaire
institutionalized, non-smoking residents or the - 1
urbanized portion of the metropolitan area who
were 18 to 70 years of age. The study was
sponsored by the Environmental Monitoring "'V
„ ^ T 1 . m.„TV r-T-T^A T^T-NT Cl I illA""Clcl\"S Ol ll II 111 (1 II ~(lCl I \ I I V
Systems Laboratory (EMSL) of EPA. DEN was
conducted concurrently with a similar study in
Washington, DC (WAS; see Section A. 19). DEN
and WAS were carried out as part of studies of
personal exposure to CO using PEMs. A total of 454 study respondents were identified through
the use of a screening questionnaire administered by telephone or in person to 1,404 households
in the study area. Each person carried a PEM (breath samples) and an activity diary for 2
consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. Approximately 900 person-days of PEM and activity data
were collected in DEN, with 805 going into CHAD-Master. Detailed background questionnaire
data was also collected. In 1991, EPA/OAQPS combined data from the Cincinnati, Denver, and
Washington, DC studies into a "Multicity Activity Data Base" (Paul et al., 1991).
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Each respondent carried a PEM and an activity diary for 2
consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; that is, 48 continuous hours. Detailed background
questionnaire data were also collected. The 2 diary-days from each respondent were first
recombined into one 48-hour diary. If data were available for less than 45 hours, then only 1
diary-day was retained.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. The start and end times were not consistent from person to
person, and activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. A diary of activities was recorded via free-form entry. A
background questionnaire was administered with a set of structured questions.
105
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Details of the Coding of Study Information
Coding of CHAD-Master variables was carried out for DEN using SAS® programs.
Approximately 900 person-days of PEM and activity data were collected, with 805 going into
CHAD-Master.
The number of consecutive diary-days from the same respondent is indicated by the variable
NDAYS. In most cases in the original data, there was some time overlap between the first and
second days. This was due to the extending or adding of records, often with missing activity
codes, so that the diary-days either started or ended on an hour. These records were removed
from the data, and a stop time was set exactly 24 hours after the first record started. The second
diary-day then starts immediately and continues another 24 hours. If the second day was too
short, then additional records were added with the activity and location codes set to missing (i.e.,
"X"). The different diary-days from the same individual are indicated in two ways: (1) The
leftmost eight characters in the CHADID are the same, and the ninth (rightmost) is "A" for the
first diary-day, "B" for the second, and so on; and (2) the DAYNUM variable on the personal
summary screen indicates the day number numerically.
Mapping of Locations from DEN to CHAD-Master. Mapping of DEN location variables to
CHAD-Master is presented in Table A.8-1.
Mapping of Activities from DEN to CHAD-Master. Mapping of DEN activity variables to
CHAD-Master is presented in Table A.8-2. Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD
activity codes in 2015, after the DEN data were incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Johnson, T. 1984. Study of Personal Exposure to Carbon Monoxide in Denver, Colorado.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Johnson, T, Capel J, and Wijnberg L. 1986. Selected Data Analyses Relating to Studies of
Personal Carbon Monoxide Exposure in Denver and Washington, D.C. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Paul RA, Yoder JM, Johnson T, and Capel J. 1991. Documentation for the Multicity Activity
Data Base. Report for International Technology Air Quality Services, Durham, NC.
106
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Table A.8-1. Assignment of DEN Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (DEN)
30100: residence, indoor
2
30200: residence, outdoor
76
30331: indoor garage
51
30332:outdoor garage
71
31000: travel, general
1
32000: other indoor, general
6, 50
32100: office building/ bank/ post office
3
32200: industrial plant/ factory/warehouse
53
32300: grocery store/convenience store
4
32400: shopping mall non-grocery store
58
32610: auto repair shop/gas station
54
32620: other repair shop
55
32910: auditorium, sport's arena, concert hall
56
32920: library, courtroom, museum, theater
61
33200: hospital/health care facility/doctor's office
59
33500:school
60
33600: restaurant
5
33700:church
57
34100: parking garage
52
34200: other, indoor (specify)
62
35000: other outdoor, general
8, 70
35110: within 10 yards of street
7
35210: public garage
72
35220: parking lot
73
35300: service station/gas station
74
35400: construction site
75
35610:school grounds
77
35700: sports stadium and amphitheater
78
35800: park/golf course
79
107
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Table A.8-2. Assignment of DEN Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (DEN)
10120: work, income-related only
2
11100: prepare food
3
11300: outdoor chores
6
11400: care of clothes
4
13200: shop/run errands, general
7
14400: eat
8
14500: sleep or nap
9
14700:other personal needs
10
16200: participate in social, political, or religious activities
11
17131: walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
13
17300: other leisure
14
18000: travel, general
1
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the DEN data were incorporated into
CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs.
108
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A.9. EPA Longitudinal Studies (EPA)
The EPA diaries were daily diaries kept by EPA researchers familiar with CHAD, and their
family members in some cases, in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, North Carolina area. The
diaries were kept for various periods in 1999-2000, 2002, 2006-2008, and 2012-2013. The EPA
data have provided 1,786 diary-days of human activity to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. Data were provided from
the diaries of EPA staff and some of their family
members for various periods in 1999 through
2000, 2002, 2006 through 2008, and 2012 through
2013.
Format of Data Provided. Paper diaries were
hand-coded into electronic records (typically in
Microsoft® Excel) of the natural language
descriptions and corresponding CHAD activity
and location codes by Alion Science and
Technology and Tom McCurdy (of EPA).
Study Details
Other than an infant aged "zero" years, all
respondents were adults between 35 and 72 years
old in central North Carolina. Activities and
locations were coded directly from general,
shorthand, activity descriptions into CHAD codes
(typically in Microsoft® Excel). These coded
diaries were then typically read into SAS® and
given a variety of QA tests.
Incorporating KPA into (" 11AI)-
Masler
• Source data from diaries of
l-l\\ slalVaiul some family
members lor \aiions periods in
| w) 2i mo. 2()i)2. 2oo(i Zoos,
and 2o 12 2<) 13 (Isaacs el al .
2012)
• Data formal paper diaries
hand-coded into electronic
records
• Data gathering paper diary:
free-form questionnaire
• Final ( IIAD-Masler KPA
data set N\\ added 1,7S(i
diary-days of luiman-acli\ ily
and location data to CI IAD-
Master
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Real-time data were collected by study respondents using a
standard paper diary format.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Respondents were instructed to record any unique
activity/location pair that was longer than 1 minute in duration, and activity event intervals coded
into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. Demographic CHAD variables were collected via
questionnaire at the start of the study. These data were translated to electronic records by Alion
Science and Technology. The answers were free-form; respondents described their activities
using natural language.
Details of the Coding of Study Information
EPA added 1,786 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master. All coding of the 2012-
2013 EPA data into CHAD-Master was performed in SAS®.
109
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Weather Variables. In 2015, ICF derived the weather variables for the 2012-2013 records of
the EPA study, using methods very similar to those used for the ATUS (BLS) study. U.S. Census
population-weighted county centroids (using 2010 Census data) were used for county centroids.
Hourly data were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Quality-controlled Local Climatological Dataset (QCLCD), and in a few cases those data were
supplemented with daily QCLCD data and/or hourly data from NOAA's Integrated Surface
Database. Each county in the EPA 2012-2013 records were matched with a primary weather
station (the closest station based on proximity to the population-weighted county centroid) and a
secondary weather station (the closest major-airport station; is allowed to be the same as the
primary station). After numerous processing and quality-assessment evaluations (including
checks on missing data, handling of sub-hourly data, and logic and value-bounds checks), each
day in the diary was matched with the best available data from either the primary station, the
secondary station, or a mix of both stations. Data from the primary station were used in most
cases.
Mapping of Locations from EPA to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Location-code mapping for the 2012-2013 data was conducted by ICF for EPA.
Mapping of Activities from EPA to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Activity-code mapping for the 2012-2013 data was conducted by ICF for EPA.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Isaacs K, McCurdy T, Glen G, Nysewander M, Errickson A, Forbes S, Graham S, McCurdy L,
Smith L, Tulve N, and Vallero, D. 2012. Statistical properties of longitudinal time-activity data
for use in human exposure modeling. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental
Epidemiology 23(3): 328-336.
110
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A.10. Population Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) I, II, III (ISR)
The Population Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) began in 1968 using a nationally-
representative sample of more than 18,000 respondents living in 5,000 families in the US. PSID I
was conducted February through December 1997 on children aged 0 to 12 years (2,300 families).
Information was collected again in 2002 through 2003 (PSID II) and September 2007 through
May 2008 (PSID III) for children in this cohort who remained under 18 years old. Collectively
called "ISR" in CHAD-Master, these studies added 13,354 diary-days of human activity to
CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Incorporating INK into ( IIAD-
Source of Study Data. Data collection efforts M-isler
were performed by University of Michigan
faculty. Alion Science and Technology provided « Source I ni\ersilv of
the SAS® data set. Michigan (2<><>4). source of
SAS i< dala sets was Alion
Format of Data Provided. All coding of the ISR ScjuKV ,1|u| kvhno|ouv
data into CHAD-Master was performed in SAS®.
„ A „ . „ • Dala formal moxidedas
SAS® files included ReadDianes2002.sas, ^ ^ k |
ReadDiaries2007.sas, Readlndividuals2002.sas,
and Readlndividuals2007.sas). Data were . Dala «all.erin« iniemeus.
processed as lime diaries
Process_PSID_2002_201 lDec02.sas,
Process PSID 2007 201 lDec02.sas, and . |.in.,| ( || \l)-\lasler ISU dala
ChadCorrectAndMerge201 lOct.sas. sc( (SR .K|t)ct| 5 0|o (|>sil) I).
4.W7 (PSID II). and 2.741
Study Details
(PSID III) diary-days of liiiman-
acli\ily and location dala lo
CMAD-Masler
PSID is directed by faculty members at the
University of Michigan who have performed
various data collection efforts (University of
Michigan, 2014). PSID I, II, and III were conducted as part of the Child Development
Supplement of PSID. Information on PSID children was obtained through extensive interviews
with the child, their primary caregiver, secondary caregiver, absent parent, teacher, and school
administrator. Information was collected on physical health, emotional well-being, intellectual
and academic achievement, cognitive ability, social relationships with family and peers, and time
use (University of Michigan, 2014).
Recall versus Real-time Diary. For each diary-day (1 weekday and 1 weekend day), the
primary caregiver of the child respondent was asked to recall the child's activities during the 24-
hour period beginning at midnight on the specified day. For each activity, caregivers of the
respondents provided location of the activity, time that each activity began and ended, who else
was present during the activity (except for personal care activities and sleeping), and what else
the child was doing at the time of the activity (except for personal care activities and sleeping). If
the child was watching television or playing a video or computer game, the name of the program
or game must also be indicated (University of Michigan, undated).
ill
-------
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. The diary lists the child's activities during 1 weekday and 1
weekend day. A diary is kept for an entire 24-hour time period, starting with midnight on the
specified day and running until midnight on the next day (University of Michigan, undated).
Activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. Interviews were conducted using structured sets of
questions (University of Michigan, 2014). Time diaries for 1 weekday and 1 weekend day were
also collected using a structured form requiring the following information: activity description,
time the activity began, time the activity ended, location of the child at the time of the activity,
who was with the child during the activity, and other activities the child was doing at the same
time (University of Michigan, undated).
Details of the Coding of Study Information
All coding of the ISR data into CHAD-Master was performed in SAS®. ISR added 5,616 (PSID
I), 4,997 (PSID II), and 2,741 (PSID III) diary-days of human-activity and location data to the
CHAD-Master. The 2002 diaries were reprocessed, starting with the raw data, to ensure
consistency with the 2007-2008 data. The 1997 CHAD ID prefixes were updated from "UMC" to
"ISR" to match the other two ISR study entries (Alion Science and Technology, 2012).
Mapping of Locations from ISR to CHAD-Master. Mapping of ISR location variables to
CHAD-Master is presented in Table A. 10-1.
Mapping of Activities from ISR to CHAD-Master. Mapping of ISR activity variables to
CHAD-Master is presented in in Table A. 10-2. Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD
activity codes in 2015, after the ISR data were incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
Quality Flags/Quality Assurance Checks. As part of the integration into CHAD-Master
conducted by Alion Science and Technology, a set of new QA tests were created and collected
into a single SAS® program: ChadUtilities_201 lDec02. The tests focused on data
transformations and mapping to ensure that the information was processed correctly (Alion
Science and Technology, 2012).
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Alion Science and Technology. 2012. PSID Integration into CHAD (a description from Alion
on integrating ISR into CHAD).
University of Michigan. 2016. PSID. A national study of socioeconomics and health over
lifetimes and across generations. http://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/Studies.aspx.
University of Michigan. 1997. Child Development Supplement; Time Diary.
https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/CDS/questionnaires/cds-i/english/Tdiary.pdf.
112
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Table A.10-1. Assignment of ISR Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (ISR)
31000: Travel, general
20
32000: Other, indoor general
30, 35
33600: At Restaurant
50
33500: At School
80
33700: At Church
81
32400: Shopping mall / non-grocery store
82
32900: Public building / library / museum /theater
83
32820: Childcare facility, commercial
84
Multiple CHADIDs: Various
10
Multiple CHADIDs: Various
40, 45, 60, 70, 89
113
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Table A.10-2. Assignment of ISR Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (ISR)
10120: Work, income-related only
110, 120
10130: Work, secondary (income-related)
590
10200: Unemployment
220
10300: Breaks
890
11100: Prepare food
1080
11200: Indoor chores
1090, 1290
11210: Clean-up food
1180, 1190
11300: Outdoor chores
1390, 1920, 1680, 1710
11400: Care of clothes
1490
11410: Wash clothes
1480
11600: Repair, general
1610, 1620
11610: Repair of boat
8330
11630: Repair / maintain car
1630, 1670, 8320
11640: Home repairs
1640
11650: Other repairs
3530, 1650, 1660
11700: Care of plants
1730
11800: Care for pets/animals
1890, 8440
11900: Other household
1280, 1910
12000: Child care, general
4870, 4880, 2780, 2790
12100: Care of baby
2090, 2480
12200: Care of child
2180, 2190, 2490, 2590
12300: Help / teach
2210, 2220, 2360
12400: Talk/read
2380
12700: Medical care-child
2690
12800: Other child care
2770
13000: Obtain goods and services, general
3120
13100: Dry clean
3520
13210: Shop for food
3010
13220: Shop for clothes or household goods
3020, 3110
13230: Run errands
3780, 3890
13300: Obtain personal care service
3290
13400: Obtain medical service
3390, 3772, 3773
13500: Obtain government / financial services
3771, 3410, 3420
13600: Obtain car services
3510
13800: Other services
3790
14000: Personal needs and care, general
3690, 4070, 4820
14110: Shower, bathe
4080
14200: Medical care
4110,4120
14300: Help and care
4210, 4220, 4230, 4240
14400:Eat
690, 4390, 4480, 4490, 4495
114
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Table A.10-2. Assignment of ISR Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (ISR)
14500: Sleep or nap
4590, 4690
14600: Dress, groom
4090
14700: Other personal needs
4840, 4850, 4860
15100: Attend full-time school
5092
15110: Attend day-care
5091, 5680
15140: Attend adult education and special
training
5691
15200: Attend other classes
5093, 5190, 5191, 5192, 5193, 6130, 6131, 6134, 6136,
6138, 8880
15300: Do homework
5490, 5491, 5492, 5493, 5494
15500: Other education
5690
16100: Attend sports events
7090, 7091, 7092, 7093, 7094, 7095, 7096, 7098
16200: Participate in social, political, or religious
activities
6110, 6210, 6310, 6311, 6313, 6322, 6330, 6340, 6341,
6342, 6350, 6620, 6710, 6720
16210: Practice religion
6410, 6420, 6430, 6440, 6510, 6520
16300: Watch movie
7290
16400: Attend theater
7390
16500: Visit museums
7490
16600: Visit
7520
16700: Attend a party
7690
16800: Go to bar / lounge
7710, 7730
16900: Other entertainment / social events
6890, 7890
17000: Leisure, general
8890
17100: Participate in sports and active leisure
8032, 8040, 8041, 8042, 8050, 8051, 8052, 8053, 8054,
8055, 8070, 8160, 8850, 8851, 8865
17110: Participate in sports
8010, 8011, 8012, 8013, 8014, 8015, 8016, 8017, 8020,
8021, 8023, 8091, 8092
17111: Hunting, fishing, hiking
8110, 8120, 8130, 8220
17112: Golf
8030
17113: Bowling / pool / ping pong / pinball
8060, 8061, 8062
17114: Yoga
8080, 8864
17120: Participate in outdoor leisure
7190, 8180
17121: Play, unspecified
8760, 9090
17130: Exercise
8100, 8860, 8861, 8863
17131: Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
8210, 8230, 8240, 8241, 8260
17140: Create art, music, participate in hobbies
8871, 8872
17141: Participate in hobbies
8310, 8340
17142: Create domestic crafts
8350, 8420, 8430
17143: Create art
8510, 8511, 8512, 8513
17144: Perform music / drama / dance
6132, 6133, 8610, 8611, 8612, 8620, 8630, 8640, 8870
17150: Play games
8730
115
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Table A.10-2. Assignment of ISR Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (ISR)
17160: Use of computers
5010, 5020, 5030, 5040, 5050, 5060, 5070, 5080, 5110,
5120, 5121, 5122, 5123, 5130, 8790
17180: Other sports and active leisure
8140, 8242, 8660, 8750, 8830, 8831, 8832, 8833, 8834,
8835, 8836, 8837, 8838, 8839, 8840, 8841, 8843, 8844,
8846, 8847, 8854
17211: Watch adult at work
1940, 1950, 1960
17213: Watch personal care
4890
17216: Watch recreation
8820
17222: Listen to recorded music
9290
17223: Watch TV
9190
17230: Read, general
5100, 9420, 9790
17231: Read books
9390
17232: Read magazines / not ascertained
9410
17233: Read newspaper
9590
17241: Converse
780, 6135, 9610, 9620, 9630, 9640, 9650, 9660, 9661
17242: Write for leisure / pleasure / paperwork
1930, 8521, 8523
17250: Think and relax
9810, 9820, 9830
17260: Other passive leisure
8710, 8720, 8740, 9430, 9890
17300: Other leisure
8650, 8770, 8780
18000: Travel, general
970
18200: Travel to/from work
980, 990
18300: Travel for child care
2980, 2990
18400: Travel for goods and services
1990, 3990
18500: Travel for personal care
4980, 4990
18600: Travel for education
5390, 5970, 5980, 5990
18700: Travel for organizational activity
6980, 6990
18800: Travel for event / social activity
7990
18900: Travel for leisure
8250
18910: Travel for active leisure
8150,8990
18920: Travel for passive leisure
8170, 9970, 9970, 9980, 9990
U: Uncertain
4810, 5790
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the ISR data were incorporated into
CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs.
116
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A. 11. Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: Elementary School/High
School (LAE/LAH)
The Los Angeles Ozone Exposure Study: Elementary School/High School (LAE/LAH) was
conducted between 1989 and 1992 and examined the exposure of outdoor workers and students
to ozone pollution in the Los Angeles, California area. For students aged 10 to 17 years, data
from Fall 1989 and Fall 1990 added 94 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. Data were provided in
Spier et al. (2012) and were obtained from
Kenneth Clark.
Format of Data Provided. All survey
instruments consisted of a background
questionnaire and a real-time 3-day diary.
Study Details
The study assessed outdoor workers exposed to
oxidant pollution, elementary and high school
students exposed to oxidant pollution, and
construction workers exposed to ozone. The
activity records from these studies cover only 1
work day or school day period of time, as the
purpose of these studies was to focus on
exposures in specific microenvironments. Only
diary data from students were incorporated into
CHAD-Master.
Incorporating LAK/LAII into
( ll \i)-\laslcr
f
• Source data pro\ ided in Spier
el al (2'112) and ohuiined from
Kenneth Clark
• Data formal no information
|">io\ ided al this lime
• Data gathering leal-lime
diaries
• Final ('IIAI)-Masler
I.AK/I.AII data sel
I.AI- I.AI I added diary-days
of luiman-acli\ily and location
data to CI l \l)-Master
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Respondents were asked to record diary entries every hour in
real time.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. The activity records cover only 1 work day or school day
(typically 8 hours). Respondents were asked to fill out the diary every hour. In addition,
respondents provided a daily summary that evaluated the activity level and symptoms that day
relative to other days. Activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1
minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. The hourly form contained eight questions for each of up
to three activities per hour, plus 15 general questions.
Details of the Coding of Study Information
LEA/LAH added 94 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Locations from LAE/LAH to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this
time.
117
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Mapping of Activities from LAE/LAH to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this
time.
Assumptions. Since the respondents of this survey were self-selected volunteers, the extent to
which they are representative of asthmatics is not known; for that reason, it is not clear how well
the estimates given here will characterize other groups of asthmatics.
Additional Data. Because of the limited study sizes and the difficulty of extending the diaries to
a standard 24-hour period, the construction and outdoor workers studies were not incorporated
into the CHAD database.
Of the 52 survey respondents in this sample, 29 had been previously classified as either
"minimal/mild" or "moderate/severe" asthmatics by investigators at Rancho Los Amigos
Medical Center. All of the additional 23 respondents would have fallen into one of these two
categories and were later classified into one of the categories by the original investigation of the
human clinical studies to yield a total of 26 minimal/mild to 26 moderate/severe asthmatics.
References
Roth Associates. 1988. LA_partl and LA_part2 (A Study of Activity Patterns Among a Group
of Los Angeles Asthmatics). Electric Power Research Institute
Spier C, Little D, Trim S, Johnson T, Linn W, and Hackney J. 1992. Activity Patterns in
Elementary and High School Students Exposed to Oxidant Pollution. Journal of Exposure
Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2: 277-293.
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A. 12. National Human Activity Pattern Study (NHAPS): Air/Water
(NHA/NHW)
The National Human Activity Pattern Studies (NHAPS) for air (NHA) and water (NWA) were
conducted September 1992 through October 1994 (Klepeis et al., 1995; Tsang and Klepeis,
1996), during which 24-hour activity diaries were collected from 9,386 respondents aged less
than 1 to 93 years—4,723 for NHA and 4,663 for NHW, all of which were added to CHAD-
Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. The original data for this
study were obtained from William Nelson of
EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory
(NERL).
Format of Data Provided. No information
provided at this time.
Study Details
Recall versus Real-time Diary. NHA and NHW
were conducted using a next-day telephone
interview.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Twenty-
four-hour diaries were collected from 9,386
respondents that were interviewed September
1992 through October 1994. It was conducted as a
next-day telephone interview. Questionnaire data
was also collected. Activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. The interviews were conducted by telephone. This method
had the advantage that an interviewer could insist on filling in gaps in a diary, but was limited by
a respondent's memory regarding the exact time and duration of activities.
Details of the Coding of Study Information
This survey was one of the largest and most geographically diverse (data from 48 states) of the
studies that went into CHAD-Master. Coding of CHAD-Master variables was carried out for
NHA/NHW using SAS® programs. The NHA/NHW location and activity coding system was
selected as the foundation for the CHAD system. The NHA/NHW system of nesting digits so
that the leftmost digit describes the most general (broadest) category, both for activities and for
locations, was extended to a five-digit system in CHAD-Master. This provided enough flexibility
to allow new codes to be added as needed. Some of the other activity studies used coarser or
finer subdivisions of activities than NHA/NHW used; therefore, CHAD-Master codes were
created or modified for these cases. Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD activity
codes in 2015, after the NHA/NHW data were incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Incorporating MIA/MIW into
( IIAD-Masler
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William Nelson of NW W.\U.
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119
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NHA/NHW codes were modified in CHAD-Master to address the following issues.
• In some cases, there were new categories that were not mentioned in NHA/NHW.
• There were situations in which the code from one study could fit under more than one
category in the NHA/NHW coding system.
• Other codes did not properly fit anywhere within the NHA/NHW coding system.
NHA/NHW added 9,386 diary-days of human-activity and location data to the CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Locations from NHA/NHW to CHAD-Master. Mapping of NHA/NHW location
variables to CHAD-Master is presented in Table A. 12-1.
Mapping of Activities from NHA/NHW to CHAD-Master. Mapping of NHA/NHW activity
variables to CHAD-Master is presented in Table A. 12-2. Note that EPA updated the full set of all
CHAD activity codes in 2015, after the NHA/NHW data were incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Assumptions. NHA/NHW contains 9,386 diary-days total. The RESPIDS field only contained
about 9,088 unique values. In order to uniquely identify an individual, the RESPIDS and
QUARTER fields were linked together to form a unique identifier.
The table c tblCHAD To NHAPS was used to link the raw tables with the consolidated
database.
The NHA/NHW data contained a set of primary and secondary tables. The primary tables created
by reading the NHA/NHW data were named tblNHAPS_DatasetXX where XX=1, 2, 3, ..., 20. A
set of update queries (e.g., qupd ExpToSmoke) created respondent-specific tables
(tblExpToSmoke) from the somewhat randomly organized data set tables. Once created, these
respondent-specific tables, with matching select queries to transform some of the coding, were
used to display values in the forms. There are values in the data set tables that are not represented
in the respondent-specific tables.
The individual's exposure to second hand smoke (SMOKER2) was re-coded in CHAD-Master
for NHA/NHW with the following logic.
• Start with all SMOKER2 = "X" or missing.
~ If "Someone else smoked at house" (WHOSMHM), OR ("Was at Bar/Night Club/Or
Bowling is True AND environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is unknown") then
SMOKER2 ="Y".
~ If the respondent was a non-smoker AND the diary indicated that someone was smoking,
then SMOKER2 ="Y"
~ If the respondent was a smoker
- AND other smokers lived in the house
— AND someone smoked at the house then SMOKER2 ="'Y"
120
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~ If NOT someone smoked at their house (No one smoked in house.) AND NOT someone
smoked in their diaries (No smoking in diary.)
- then SMOKER2 ="N"
~ Otherwise, SMOKER2 ="N/A"
• All children 0 through 9 years old with an "X" for SMOKER were set to "N" for SMOKER.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Klepeis N, Tsang A, and Behar J. 1995. Analysis of the National Human Activity Pattern
Survey (NHAPS) Respondents from a Standpoint of Exposure Assessment. Final Report.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory,
Las Vegas, NV.
Tsang AM and Klepeis NE. 1996. Descriptive Statistics Tables from a Detailed Analysis of the
National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) Data, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
121
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Table A.12-1. Assignment of NHAPS (NHA, NHW) Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location
Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (NHAPS (NHA, NHW))
30121: kitchen
101
30122: living room/family room
102
30123: dining room
103
30124: bathroom
104
30125: bedroom
105
30126: study/ office
106
30127: basement
108
30128: utility room/laundry room
110
30131: kitchen
201
30132: living room/family room
202
30133: dining room
203
30134: bathroom
204
30135: bedroom
205
30136: study/office
206
30137: basement
208
30138: utility room/laundry room
210
30211: pool, spa
111
30219:other outdoor
112
30221: pool, spa
211
30229:other outdoor
212
30310: indoor garage
38
30320:outdoor garage
55
30330:your garage
107
30340: other's garage
207
31110:car
301
31121: truck (pick-up or van)
302
31122: truck (other than pick-up or van)
303
31130: motorcycle/ moped/motorized scooter
304
31140:bus
305
31150: train/subway/rapid transit
310
31160: airplane
311
31170:boat
312
31210: walk
306
31220: bicycle/ skateboard/roller-skates
307
31230: in a stroller or carried by an adult
308
31310: wait for bus, train, ride (at stop)
313
31320: wait for travel, indoors
314
31900: travel, other
300, 320
31910: other vehicle
36
32100: office building/ bank/ post office
401
122
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Table A.12-1. Assignment of NHAPS (NHA, NHW) Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location
Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (NHAPS (NHA, NHW))
32200: industrial plant/ factory/warehouse
402
32300: grocery store/convenience store
403
32400: shopping mall non-grocery store
404
32500: bar/night club/bowling alley
405
32610: auto repair shop/gas station
406
32620: other repair shop
418
32700: indoor gym, sports or health club
407
32900: public building/library/ museum/theater
408
33100: laundromat
409
33200: hospital/health care facility/doctor's office
410
33300: beauty parlor/ barber shop/hair dresser's
411
33400: at work: no specific location, moving among locations
412
33500:school
413
33600: restaurant
414
33700:church
415
33800: hotel/ motel
416
33900: dry cleaners
417
34100: parking garage
419
34200: other, indoor (specify)
400, 420
35100: sidewalk/street/neighborhood
501
35220: parking lot
502
35300: service station/gas station
503
35400: construction site
504
35600: school grounds/playground
505
35700: sports stadium and amphitheater
506
35800: park/golf course
507
35900: pool, river, lake
508
36100: restaurant, picnic
510
36200: farm
511
36300: other outdoor (specify)
500, 520
123
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Table A.12-2. Assignment of NHAPS (NHA, NHW) Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (NHAPS (NHA, NHW))
10111: work for professional/union organizations
60
10112: work for special interest identity organizations
61
10113: work for political party and civic participation
62
10114: work for volunteer/helping organizations
63
10115: work of/for religious groups
64
10116: work for fraternal organizations
66
10117: work for child/youth/family organizations
67
10118: work for other organizations
68
10120: work, income-related only
01
10130: work, secondary (income-related)
05
10200: unemployment
02
10300:breaks
08
11100: prepare food
10
11210: clean-up food
11
11220: clean house
12
11300:outdoor chores
13
11400: care of clothes
14
11630: repair/maintain car
15
11650: other repairs
16
11700: care for plants
17
11800: care for pets/animals
18
11900:other household
19
12100:care of baby
20
12200: care of child
21
12300: help/teach
22
12400: talk/read
23
12500: play indoors
24
12600: play outdoors
25
12700: medical care-child
26
12800: other child care
27
13100: dry clean
28
13210:shop for food
30
13220: shop for clothes or household goods
31
13230: run errands
38
13300: obtain personal care service
32
13400: obtain medical service
33
13500: obtain government/financial services
34
13600: obtain car service
35
13700: other repairs
36
13800: other services
37
14110: shower, bathe
40
124
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Table A.12-2. Assignment of NHAPS (NHA, NHW) Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (NHAPS (NHA, NHW))
14120: personal hygiene
44
14200: medical care
41
14300: help and care
42
14400: eat
43
14500: sleep or nap
45
14600: dress, groom
47
14700:other personal needs
48
15100: attend full-time school
50
15200: attend other classes
51
15300: do homework
54
15400: use library
55
15500: other education
56
16100: attend sports events
70
16210: practice religion
65
16300: view movie
72
16400: attend theater
73
16500: visit museums
74
16600: visit
75
16700: attend a party
76
16800: go to bar/lounge
77
16900: other entertainment/social events
71, 78
17110: participate in sports
80
17122: passive, sitting
81
17130: exercise
82
17141: participate in hobbies
83
17142: create domestic crafts
84
17143: create art
85
17144: perform music/drama/dance
86
17150: play games
87
17160: use of computer
88
17221: listen to radio
90
17222: listen to recorded music
92
17223: watch TV
91
17231:read books
93
17232: read magazine/not ascertained
94
17233: read newspaper
95
17241:converse
96
17242: write for leisure/pleasure/paperwork
97
17250: think and relax
98
18100: travel during work
03
18200: travel to/from work
09
125
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Table A.12-2. Assignment of NHAPS (NHA, NHW) Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (NHAPS (NHA, NHW))
18300
travel for child care
29
18400
travel for goods and services
39
18500
travel for personal care
49
18600
travel for education
59
18700
travel for organizational activity
69
18800
travel for event/social activity
79
18910
travel for active leisure
89
18920
travel for passive leisure
99
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the NHA/NHW data were
incorporated into CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs.
126
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A.13. National-scale Activity Study (NSA)
The National-scale Activity Study (NSA) was conducted from June through September 2009 by
a team consisting of EPA staff and private consulting firms. The study collected activity data for
respondents aged 35 through 92 years in seven U.S. metropolitan areas. In total, 6,862 diary-days
of data were collected and later coded into CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. Data files were provided
by Carol Mansfield of RTI International. Details
regarding the survey structure and generation of
the NSA data sets are found in Knowledge
Networks (2009).
Format of Data Provided. Two useable file
types were provided, both in the form of SAS®
data sets. The first file was the
Rti NS AS baseline main client data set (dated
April 15, 2011), which contained demographic
and other person-level attributes for each
respondent. The second type of file(s) was the
rti NS AS diary X main client files (dated
October 9, 2009), where X ranged from 1 to 16
and contained the time-location-activity-pattern
data for the study respondents.
Study Details
Recall versus Real-time Diary. The NSA diary
data were collected based on the responses of
each of the respondents to a recall activity diary
questionnaire.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Diaries contained entries for every 15-minute segment of
the day, with some intervals down to 5 minutes as coded in CHAD-Master.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. The NSA study was conducted using a structured format
with eight location codes and 13 activity codes (see Table A. 13-1 and Table A. 13-2
respectively).
Details of the Coding of Study Information
All coding of the NSA data into CHAD-Master was performed in SAS®. The CHAD-Master
variables derived from the NSA data are presented in see Table A. 13-3. NSA added 6,862 diary-
days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Weather Variables. Meteorological data were downloaded from NOAA. Meteorological data
are available from ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/gsod/. Meteorological sites were first
Incorporating NSA into ( IIAD-
.Master
• Source data pro\ ided In
Carol Mansfield (of RTI
International)
• Data formal luo file types
one containing demographic
and |">crson-lc\ el allrihules and
another containing time,
location, and acli\ily patterns
data
¦¦
!
• Data gathering recall acti\ity
diarv questionnaire
'
• I'inal ( IIAD-.Master NSA
data set NSA added (\S(-<2
diary-days of luiman-acti\ ity
and location data to CI IAD-
Master
127
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identified using Integrated Surface Database stations listed in the ish-history.txt file (dated April
6, 2011). With the exception of the Sacramento area, the major airport meteorology station
within each study area was selected to represent the local meteorology (see Table A. 13-4). The
Sacramento area included a range counties north of and within the San Joaquin Valley that were
assumed to have unique meteorology. For each county in California, the primary meteorological
station closest in distance to each California county in the study was selected for use (see Table
A. 13-4). Data were summarized for the year 2009 (files dated June 16, 2010) when the NSA
study was conducted. After processing the raw data files, four meteorological variables were
retained for use in the NSA questionnaire file: daily-mean temperature (degrees F), maximum
hourly temperature (degrees F), precipitation (inches of water), and precipitation duration
(hours). There were no missing values for either temperature or precipitation. These
meteorological data were included within the NSAS_quest_final.sas7bdat file.
Mapping of Locations from NSA to CHAD-Master. Automated location responses were given
both an indoor and outdoor CHAD-Master location code; a later question asked the respondent to
identify the proportion of their time they were indoors or outdoors. These events were
subdivided as necessary. Additionally, respondents could type in custom answers to their
location if the given selections did not suffice. These locations and activities were hand-coded
according to their best CHAD-Master code match. Assignments of CHAD-Master location codes
from NSA data are presented in Table A. 13-1.
If the activity recorded was "Travel to another destination" then no location was provided by the
respondent. However, the CHAD location codes for these activities were derived from the NSA
mode of travel variable Q travel (see Table A. 13-5).
Mapping of Activities from NSA to CHAD-Master. A large number of the NSA diary entries
corresponded to fixed (predetermined) survey responses for activity. The CHAD-Master activity
code was assigned based on the NSA variable Q_activity (see Table A. 13-2). A general
education and professional training activity code of 15000 was used because all persons in the
study were adults. Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD activity codes in 2015, after
the NSA data were incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Assumptions.
Missing Locations: One of the options for location was "Other Location". If the respondents
designated this location for an event, they were supposed to type in a description (hand-
coded by author). However, in a number of cases, the description was missing, although
indoor/outdoor information was included. The portion of these events that were designated as
occurring indoors was set to location code 32000 (other indoor, general). The portion of these
events that was designated outdoors was set to location code 35000 (other outdoor, general).
Missing INDOOR/OUTDOOR Designations: For events that have locations but are
missing the indoor/outdoor designation (NSA variable Q10 2 L8F), the following
assumptions were made: for home, school, work, and vehicle locations, the event was
assumed to be all indoors (see the indoor CHAD-Master codes above); and for parking
lot/garage or park (natural area) locations, the event was assumed to be all outdoors. These
assumptions were made 16,747 times in 106,000 events.
Missing Date Variables: If an xdiary variable was missing, the date of the diary was
128
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assumed to be the day prior to the day given by the baseline NSA variable TMSTART
(which contained the day and time that the questionnaire was started). This occurred on 1,019
days out of a total of 7,881 days, spread out across respondents. This was a good assumption,
as the xdiary variables indicated the day prior to TM START in 5,661 cases out of 6,862. In
the other cases, there was a lag of 2 days.
Meteorological Data: For each county in California, the primary meteorological station
closest in distance to each California county in the study was selected for use (see Table
A. 13-4).
Subdivision of Events: Each event was given a location based on the response to the survey.
However, there was an additional question that indicated the proportion of time in the
location that was spent indoors/outdoors. Each NSA location was given an "indoor" and an
"outdoor" location code (see above). The event was subdivided into two events if time was
spent both indoors and outdoors according to the survey response, using the following
methods:
• All indoors: 100 percent of time indoors (event not subdivided)
• Mostly indoors: 66.7 percent of time indoors, balance outdoors, new event created
• Mostly outdoors: 66.7 percent of time outdoors, balance indoors, new event created
• Equally indoors and outdoors: 50 percent of time in each location, new event created
• All outdoors: 100 percent of time outdoors (event not subdivided)
New start times and event durations were calculated when each activity was subdivided.
Insertion of Travel Events: In addition to the main activity/location questions, for each
event on the recall diary, the respondent was asked "How did you get from PREV
LOCATION to CURRENT LOCATION?" A response may or may not have indicated the
need to insert a travel event. This occurred when a response was provided for means of
transportation AND a travel time was given as greater than 0 minutes (as indicated by the
NSA Q 8 1A MIN L and Q 8 1A HRS L variables). There were 4,715 events (out of an
initial count of 89,918 events) where the insertion of a travel event was required, with these
events being distributed across respondents. The time required for travel was subtracted from
the time of the previous activity, and new event start times and durations were calculated. In
only 250 of these events did this result in a 0 or negative duration for the previous event. In
the majority of these instances, we judged that the respondent used the question to provide
additional information for a previous event, which was itself often a travel event. In these
cases, the easiest solution was to not insert a travel event.
Events of 0-minute Duration: There were 895 events that had 0-minute durations scattered
across the respondents. These events arose when two concurrent activities on the raw diaries
had the same start time. In a majority of cases, it was assumed that these were events that
may have been noted as occurring but lasted less than 1 minute (e.g., "fed dog"). It is also
possible that some of these events are miscoded, but to recode them would be an intractable
undertaking at this time. The simplest solution was to delete these events from the diaries.
129
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Event Duration: After all the above processing was complete, the required CHAD-Master
clock-hour sequencing was added to the data set. That is to say, at a minimum, there were 24
events per diary-day, none of which was longer than 60 minutes in duration, with start and
end times for events occurring at each clock hour. As a result, the final event start/end times
and durations were recalculated.
HEAVYBREATHING: If the activity level was 5 or 6 (indicating heavy/vigorous or
maximal exertion levels, respectively), then the CHAD-Master event variable
"HEAVYBREATHING" was set to "Y".
GASSTOVE, SMOKING, COOKINGSELF, COOKINGOTHER, SMOKINGMON,
VOCS, WINDOWSOPEN, and COMBUSTION: There were no other data provided on the
NSA questionnaires that would allow the setting of these additional CHAD-Master event file
variables. Therefore, the CHAD-Master default of missing ("X") was used.
Quality Flags/Quality Assurance Checks. Additional QA/quality-control (QC) steps were
taken to ensure the accuracy of the NSA data being imported into CHAD-Master. The following
QA tests were performed on the final NSA events file.
• Check for incompatible start times and event durations (i.e., next event start time not equal to
previous event start time plus event duration)
• Check for 24 hours in each day
• Check for invalid activity and location codes
Additional Data. An additional data set, NSAS quest additional, was generated from a number
of NSA questionnaire responses that are not normally included in CHAD-Master. This includes
variables obtained from files rti_NSAS_baseline_main_client.sas7bdat and
NSAS merge baseline debrief v8.sas7bdat. Also included in the data set are the corresponding
CHADIDs, raw NSA case IDs, and a number of demographic variables from the
NSAS quest final data set that may be useful. Note that the additional data set contains 1,019
more respondents than NSAS quest final because it includes respondents who did not complete
the diary survey.
References
Knowledge Networks. 2009. Field Report: National Scale Activity Survey (NSAS). Conducted
for Research Triangle Institute. Submitted to Carol Mansfield November 13, 2009.
130
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Table A.13-1. Assignment of NSA Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
QJocation
Code(NSA)
QJocation Code
Description (NSA)
LOC Code (CHAD)
LOC Code Description (CHAD)
-1
Refused
-
-
1
Home or near school
Indoor: 30120
Outdoor: 30210
Indoor: Your residence
Outdoor: Your residence
2
Work or school
Indoor: 33400
Outdoor: 35000
Indoor: At work, no specific location
Outdoor: Other outdoor, general
3
Other's home
Indoor: 30130
Outdoor: 30220
Indoor: Other's residence
Outdoor: Other's residence
4
A parking lot/garage
Indoor: 30300
Outdoor: 35220
Indoor: Garage
Outdoor: Parking lot
5
An outdoor park or natural
area
Indoor: 32000
Outdoor: 35810
Indoor: Other, general
Outdoor: Park
6
A private vehicle
Indoor: 31110
Outdoor: 35000
Indoor: Travel by car
Outdoor: Other, general
7
A public vehicle
Indoor: 31100
Outdoor: 35000
Indoor: Motorized travel
Outdoor: Other, general
8
Other (please specify)
-
-
Table A.13-2. Assignment of NSA Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
(^activity Code
(^activity Code Description
ACT Code
(NSA)
(NSA)
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
-1
Refused
X
Missing
1
Shower, bathe, personal hygiene
14120
Personal hygiene
2
Eat
14400
Eat
3
Sleep/nap
14500
Sleep or nap
4
Work (any paid work)
10000
Work and other income producing
activities, general
5
Childcare
12000
Child care, general
6
Caregiving for an adult
14300
Help and care
7
General household activities
11000
General household activities
8
Shop, run errands
13200
Shop/run errands
9
Attend classes
15000
General education and professional
training
10
Exercise, participate in sports
17130
Exercise
11
General leisure activities
17000
Leisure, general
12
Travel to another destination
18000
Travel, general
13
Other (please specify)
-
-
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the NSA data were incorporated into
CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs.
131
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Table A.13-3. Assignment of NSA Variables to CHAD-Master Variables
CHAD Variable
CHAD Variable
Description
NSA Variable
Diary Variables
CHADID
EPA-assigned ID for this
CHADIDs were created as the text string "NSA" plus the
diary-day
RAWID (2 to 2,287, front 0-padded as necessary to five
digits), plus a letter A through P indicating the multiple days
for each person.
rawid
Raw data ID in the
Raw NSA respondent ID number, as given in
current study. May be
"Rti_NSAS_baseline_main_client"
missing or anonymized
based on conditions
imposed by the original
investigators for
inclusion in CHAD.
starttime
Time of start of event
Q start time:
Contains the index (1 through 96) of the 15-minute period
of the day for the activity, starting at midnight such that the
time = 0000
Location Variables
county
County of residence
The county names were assigned using the FIPS codes
provided by RTI International (filename FIPS.SAS7bdat).
state
State of residence
PPSTATEN where:
if PPSTATEN = 54 then state = "Virginia"
if PPSTATEN = 22 then state = "New Jersey"
if PPSTATEN = 33 then state = "Illinois"
if PPSTATEN = 43 then state = "Missouri"
if PPSTATEN = 52 then state = "Maryland"
if PPSTATEN = 53 then state = "District of Columbia"
if PPSTATEN = 58 then state = "Georgia"
if PPSTATEN = 93 then state = "California"
if PPSTATEN = 74 then state = "Texas"
if PPSTATEN = 23 then state = "Pennsylvania"
There were no missing values.
Date Variables
daymonth
Day of the month of
The date of the diary in question is given in the baseline
diary-day (1-31)
variables xdiaryl through xdiaryl6. These dates were used
dayofweek
Day of the week
to obtain all the date-related variables. If an xdiary variable
(abbreviation) (SUN,
was missing, the date of the diary was assumed to be the
MON, TUE, WED, THU,
day prior to the day given by the baseline NSA variable
FRI, SAT)
TM_START (which contained the day and time that the
month
Month of diary-day (1-
questionnaire was started).
12)
year
Year of diary-day
weekend
Flag for weekend of
current diary-day (0 or 1)
132
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Table A.13-3. Assignment of NSA Variables to CHAD-Master Variables
CHAD Variable
CHAD Variable
Description
NSA Variable
wdwe
Day type of diary-day
(WE or WD)
Personal Variables
age
Age
PPAge
There were no missing values.
education
Level of education
PPEDUC where:
if PPEDUC = 1 then education = "N"
if PPEDUC in (2 3) then education = "SE"
if PPEDUC = 4 then education = "E"
if PPEDUC in (5 6 7 8) then education = "SH"
if PPEDUC = 9 then education = "HS"
if PPEDUC = 10 then education = "SC"
if PPEDUC in (11 12) then education = "C"
if PPEDUC in (13 14) then education = "G"
if PPEDUC in (-1 -2) then education = "X"
There were no missing values.
gender
Gender
PPgender where:
if PPgender = 1 then gender = "M"
if PPgender = 2 then gender = "F"
if PPgender in (-1 -2) then gender = "X"
There were no missing values.
housingtype
Best description of living
quarters
PPHOUSE where:
if PPHOUSE = 1 then housingtype = "SF"
if PPHOUSE = 2 then housingtype = "MF"
if PPHOUSE = 3 then housingtype = "AP"
if PPHOUSE = 4 then housingtype = "MH"
if PPHOUSE = 5 then housingtype = "0"
if PPHOUSE in (-1 -2) then housingtype = "X" *or missing
There were no missing values.
income
Household income
before taxes
PPINCIMP as a range of incomes:
INCOME was assigned to the midpoint of the range.
There were 563 person-days with missing values.
133
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Table A.13-3. Assignment of NSA Variables to CHAD-Master Variables
CHAD Variable
CHAD Variable
Description
NSA Variable
race
Racial/Ethnic group
PPETHM where:
if PPETHM = 1 then race = "W"
if PPETHM = 2 then race = "B"
if PPETHM = 3 then race = "X"
if PPETHM = 4 then race="H"
if PPETHM = 5 then race ="0"
if PPETHM in (.-1 -2) then race = "X"
PPHETHM = 3 (other, non-Hispanic) was assigned to
"missing" in CHAD-Master to avoid confusion because it
included Asians, which in CHAD-Master has its own
category. However, biracial persons were categorized as
"other" in CHAD-Master.
There were 210 person-days with missing values.
Personal Flags
asthma
Flag for having asthma
(Yes/No)
if Q23 = 1 (Y) AND Q24 =1 (Y) then asthma = "Y"
if Q23 = 2 (N) OR Q24 = 2 (N) then asthma = "N"
There were 569 person-days with missing values.
employed
Flag for employed
outside home (Yes/No)
Q32 (are you currently employed?) where:
if Q32 = "Yes" then employed = "Y"
if Q32 = "No" then employed = "N"
There were 412 person-days with missing values.
fulltime
Flag for working full-time
(Yes/No)
Q34 (In an average week how many hours do you work in
total for all paid jobs?) where:
if employed = "N" then fulltime = "N"
if employed = "Y" and Q34 in (4 5 6 7) then fulltime = "Y"
if employed = "Y" and Q34 in (1 2 3) then fulltime = "N"
There were 412 person-days with missing values
heartlung
Flag for having a heart or
lung condition (Yes/No)
if Q20 = 1 (Y) or Q21 = 1 (Y) or Q25 = 1 (Y) then heartlung =
"Y"
if Q20 = 2 (N) and Q21 = 2 (N) and Q25 = 2 (N) then
heartlung ="N"
There were 531 person-days with missing values.
Note: Variables shown in the above table are only those relevant to the current study. A list of all CHAD-Master
variables can be found in Section 4.
134
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Table A. 13-4. Meteorological Stations Associated with the NSA Study Person-days
STN
WBAN
Station Name
Call
Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
State
Combined
Statistical Area
724050
13743
WASHINGTON/NATIONAL
KDCA
38.865
-77.034
198
DC
DC
722190
13874
ATLANTA MUNICICPAL
KATL
33.64
-84.427
3127
GA
ATL
724395
3958
ST LOUIS RGNL
KALN
38.89
-90.046
1658
IL
STL
724080
13739
PHILADELPHIA INTL
KPHL
39.868
-75.231
85
PA
PHI
722430
12960
HOUSTON/INTERCONTIN
KIAH
29.993
-95.364
320
TX
HOU
722590
3927
DALLAS-FORT WORTH/F
KDFW
32.896
-97.041
1817
TX
DAL
724839
93225
SACRAMENTO INTL
KSMF
38.696
-121.59
101
CA
SAC - Yolo County
723840
23155
BAKERSFIELD/MEADOWS
KBFL
35.43
-119.06
150
CA
SAC-Kern County
725845
23225
BLUE CANYON (AMOS)
KBLU
39.29
-120.71
1610.3
CA
SAC-Placer County
723890
93193
FRESNO AIR TERMINAL
KFAT
36.78
-119.72
99.7
CA
SAC-Fresno County
N/A
53119
HANFORD MUNI ARPT
KHJO
36.32
-119.63
73.8
CA
SAC-Kings County
725847
93230
LAKETAHOE
KTVL
38.89
-120.00
1912
CA
SAC-EI Dorado
County
N/A
93242
MADERA
KMAE
36.99
-120.11
77.1
CA
SAC-Madera County
724815
23257
MERCED/MACREADY FLD
KMCE
37.29
-120.51
47.5
CA
SAC-Merced County
724926
23258
MODESTO CITY CO HAR
MOD
37.63
-120.95
29.6
CA
SAC-Stanislaus
County
724830
23232
SACRAMENTO/EXECUTIV
KSAC
38.51
-121.49
7.6
CA
SAC-Sacramento
County
724920
23237
STOCKTON/METROPOLIT
KSCK
37.89
-121.24
8.2
CA
SAC-San Joaquin
County
N/A
93241
VACAVILLE NUT TREE
KVCB
38.38
-121.96
34.7
CA
SAC-Solano County
Note: STN = Air Force Datsav3 station number; WBAN = NCDC Weather-Bureau-Army-Navy (WBAN) number; Call =
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) call sign; elevation = elevation in tenths of meters
135
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Table A.13-5. Assignment to CHAD-Master Locations for NSA Activities Recorded as "Travel to
another destination"
Q^travel Code
(NSA)
Q-travel Code Description
(NSA)
LOC Code (CHAD)
LOC Code Description (CHAD)
-1
Refused
31000
*travel general
1
Car
31110
*travel by car
2
Hybrid car
31110
*travel by car
3
Minivan
31121
*travel by van/truck
4
Full-size passenger van
31121
*travel by van/truck
5
SUV
31121
*travel by van/truck
6
Motorcycle
31130
*travel by motorcycle
7
Pickup truck
31121
*travel by van/truck
8
Walking/running to destination
31210
*travel by walk
9
Riding on a bus
31140
*travel by bus
10
Riding on a train, subway, or
light rail
31150
*travel by train
11
Commercial vehicle
31100
*motorized travel
12
Bicycle, skate etc. to
destination
31220
*bike or skate
13
Airplane
31160
*airplane
14
Boat
31170
*boat
15
Other method (please specify)
31000
*travel general
136
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A.14. RTI Ozone Averting Behavior Study (OAB)
The RTI Ozone Averting Behavior (OAB) study collected activity diaries of children's activities
on high and low ozone days during July through September 2002 and August 2003 (Mansfield et
al., 2009). Asthmatic and non-asthmatic children ages 2 to 12 years were studied in 35 U.S.
metropolitan areas having the worst ozone pollution. A total of 2,907 diary-days were added to
CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Incorporating OAK into CI IAD-
Source of Study Data. Data were provided by Masler
Carol Mansfield of RTI International.
Format of Data Provided. No information
provided at this time.
Study Details
Approximately half of the respondents studied
were asthmatics. Activity data were collected
from each respondent on a maximum of 6 non-
consecutive days.
Recall versus Real-time Diary. No information
provided at this time.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. No
information provided at this time. Activity event
intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small
as 15 minutes.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. No information provided at this time.
Details of the Coding of Study Information
Table A. 14-1 provides information on the diary variables from OAB that are relevant for CHAD-
Master. OAB added 2,907 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Locations from OAB to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Mapping of Activities from OAB to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Mansfield C, Houtven GV, Johnson F R, and Yang J-C. 2009. Environmental Risks and
Behavior: Do children spend less time outdoors when ozone pollution is high? ASSA annual
137
Source data |">ro\ided by
Carol Mansfield of RTI
International
Data formal no information
|">m\ ided al this lime
Dala gathering no
information proxided al this
lime
I'inal ( IIAD-Masler OAK
dala sel OAli added Z.l)<)7
diary-days of luiman-acli\ ily
and location data to CI IAD-
Master
-------
meeting, January 5, 2009. Update of Houtven et al. (2003) using the OAB CHAD data set, and
related to Mansfield et al. (2006).
Table A.14-1. CHAD-Master Variables with Corresponding Data from OAB
CHAD Variable
Description
Event Variables
actdesc
Original activity description from survey
Location Variables
state
State of residence
zipcode
Zip code of residence
Weather Variables
Weather data was present for diary entries.
Personal Variables
race
Ethnic group
Personal Flags
asthma
Flag of having asthma (Yes/No)
employed
Flag for employed outside home (Yes/No)
heartlung
Flag for having a heart or lung condition (Yes/No)
nearsmoker
Flag for having been around smoker (Yes/No)
smoker
Flag for being a smoker (Yes/No)
138
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A.15. RTP Particulate Matter Panel Study (RTP)
The Research Triangle Park (RTP) Particulate Matter Panel Study was conducted by the EPA
from June through November 2000 and January through May 2001 (Williams et al., 2003a,b). A
total of 38 respondents aged 55 to 85 years in Wake and Orange Counties, North Carolina were
monitored for exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameters no larger than 2.5 microns)
and filled out daily questionnaires and activity diaries (Williams et al., 2001). This information
provided 998 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. Data were provided in
Williams et al. (2003a,b).
Format of Data Provided. Data on study
activities were provided in the form of
Microsoft® Excel files and processed into
separate events and questionnaire files.
Study Details
Incorporating K I P into CHAD-
Master
• Source cliilii pic>\ iclecl i 11
Williams el al (2<)i)3a.l">)
• Data format pro\idedas
Microsoft l-\cel files
• Data gathering diaries
recorded in real lime
I inal ( IIAD-Master KIP
data set R IP added lWN
diary-days of luiman-acli\ ily
and location data to CI I \D-
M aster
Over the course of the year, a total of 3 8
respondents living in 37 homes in Wake and
Orange Counties, North Carolina were involved
in personal, residential indoor, residential
outdoor, and ambient PM2.5 exposure monitoring
(Williams et al., 2003a,b). Each respondent was
monitored for 7 consecutive days in each of the
four seasons. Respondents included 30
nonsmoking, hypertensive African-Americans from low to moderate socioeconomic status areas
in southeast Raleigh, North Carolina, and eight nonsmoking individuals with implanted cardiac
defibrillators from Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In addition to a number of PM measures, each
respondent filled out daily questionnaires and activity diaries in relation to information on
locations, activities, and potential sources of PM exposure (Williams et al., 2001).
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Diaries were recorded in real time.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Diaries contained entries for every 15-minute segment of
the day and were entered into CHAD-Master at that resolution.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. Activities were free-form records and were coded by hand
directly into CHAD-Master codes.
Details of the Coding of Study Information
Location and activity codes were determined from the coded values in the Microsoft® Excel
files. Some values had been mistyped by Tom McCurdy or his students, and these were hand-
corrected. The CHAD-Master variables derived from the RTP data are presented in Table A. 15-
1. All other questionnaire variables not listed were set to "X" (missing). RTP added 998 diary-
139
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days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Locations from RTP to CHAD-Master. Approximately 12 location codes from
the RTP data set were coded in CHAD-Master. Additional information is not provided at this
time.
Mapping of Activities from RTP to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Assumptions.
• If "at store" was listed with no specific activity, the activity was assumed to be "shop".
• If "get up", "awaken", etc. were listed with no activity, the activity was assumed to be
"personal care".
• If "bathroom" was given as a location with no other information, the activity was assumed to
be "personal care".
• If the location was "bus", "cab ride", or "riding in car with other person driving", "sit" was
used instead of "travel by bus" due to considerations around MET distributions for travel. If
it was unknown whether a respondent was driving, the code was kept as "travel by car".
• For respondents who were obviously nurses, activities such as "pulling charts", "check on
patients", or were locations such as "nurses station" were all coded as "work".
• For respondents who were obviously teachers, activities such as "in classroom" or
"classroom/teaching" were coded as "work".
• One respondent restocked vending machines. This and other potentially vague activities were
coded as "work".
• If location was "in restaurant" with no activity code, the activity was coded as "eat".
• Activities listed as "in route to X" were coded "travel" with "car" as the location unless
otherwise noted (bus, etc.).
• Activities listed as "in transit" were coded "travel" with "car" as the location unless
otherwise noted (bus, etc.).
• Records listed as "inside at work" etc. were all coded as "work".
• There were a number of notes regarding whether cooking was occurring. Professional
judgment was used to determine whether the respondents themselves or another individual
was doing the cooking.
• Activities described as "depart for X" were coded as "travel".
• If a record referenced a residential indoor location, such as "dining room" or "den", or if the
location was "indoor at home" but no activity was listed, then the activity was coded as
140
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"general household activities".
• Multiple diary entries noted PM sources, such as "wife cooking", "daughter vacuuming",
"dryer running", etc. without any information on the diary respondent. If these activities
happened at a residential indoor location, they were coded as "general household activities"
where no other activity listed for the respondent would carry over into these entries.
• If a diary indicated "parking lot" then the activity was coded as "walk" unless another
activity, such as "chat" or "sit in car", was noted.
• Any interactions between RTI International and the respondent were coded as
"talk/converse".
• For multiple activities listed in the same diary event, the first activity was typically used.
However, if one activity would likely have taken much longer than the others, the entry was
coded as the longer activity. For example, "make coffee, clean house, eat" would be coded
"clean house".
• For events that listed the name of a meal, such as "lunch" or "dinner", without indicating
whether it was being prepared or eaten, professional judgment was used to code the event. In
general, if a food was listed with the name of the meal, such as "lunch-soup", then it was
assumed the lunch was being prepared. If no food was listed, then it was assumed the meal
was being eaten.
• Nursing homes were coded as the location "health care facility".
• If another activity was listed on the same line as "TV" then the more active activity was
coded.
• A number of times, after a respondent had gone to bed they entered their last activity of the
day (such as "eat dinner") multiple times until the end of the diary, as opposed to coding
"sleep". In these cases, it was assumed that all activities except the first instance should be
coded as "sleep".
• Missing activities in locations other than in a residential indoor location were either
discerned from surrounding entries using professional judgment or were listed as unknown
("U").
• If a respondent left the personal monitoring vest at home, then location was coded as
"indoors at home" even if the person was not home. These activities and locations were
coded as "U" if the diary did not note the individual's location.
Quality Flags/Quality Assurance Checks. In addition to the standard CHAD-Master QA/QC
variables and steps (see Section A.2), other QA/QC steps were taken to ensure the accuracy of
the RTP data being imported into CHAD-Master. The following QA tests were performed on the
final RTP diaries.
QFinfer: Set to 1 when changes were made by Tom McCurdy or his students
141
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WRAP: Set to "Y" when changes made to first day of diary by Tom McCurdy or his
students
WRAPTIME: Set based on the "wrapping" changes to the first day in the simulation (by
Tom McCurdy or his students); # minutes where wrap = "Y"
References
Williams RW, Wallace LA, Suggs JC, Evans EG, Creason JP, Highsmith VR, Sheldon LS, Rea
AW, Vette AF, Zweidinger RB, Leovic KW, Norris GA, Landis MS, HowardReed C, Stevens
C, Conner TL, Rodes CE, Lawless PA, Thornburg J, Liu LS, Kalman D, Kaufman J, Koenig
JQ, Larson TL, Lumley T, Sheppard L, Brown K, Suh H, Wheeler A, Gold D, Koutrakis P, and
Lippmann M. 2001. Preliminary particulate matter mass concentrations associated with
longitudinal panel studies: assessing human exposures of high risk subpopulations to particulate
matter. Office of Research and Development. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA/600/R-01/086.
Williams R, Suggs J, Rea A, Leovic K, Vette A, Croghan C, Sheldon L, Rodes C, Thornburg J,
Ejire A, Herbst M, and Sanders W. 2003a. The Research Triangle Park particulate matter panel
study: PM mass concentration relationships. Atmospheric Environment 37 (38): 5349-5363.
Williams R, Suggs J, Rea A, Sheldon L, Rodes C, and Thornburg J. 2003b. The Research
Triangle Park particulate matter panel study: Modeling ambient source contribution to personal
and residential PM mass concentrations. Atmospheric Environment 37 (36): 5365-5378.
142
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Table A.15-1. Assignment of RTP Data to CHAD-Master
CHAD Variable
Description
RTP Variable
Diary Variables
CHADID
EPA-assigned ID for this
The prefix for the CHADID was "RTP". The next four
diary-day
digits were the respondent number (e.g., "0001"
through "0038"). The final two digits were the day ID,
assigned a letter OA through 0Z for days 1 to 26 and AA
through GG for days 27 to 33.
Location Variables
county
County of residence
Respondents 16 through 24 lived in Chapel Hill, NC so
COUNTY was set to "Orange". All other respondents
resided in southeast Raleigh, NC, so COUNTY was set to
"Wake".
state
State of residence
"North Carolina" for all respondents.
Date Variables
dayofweek
Day of the week
Both date-related variables were set based on the date
(abbreviation) (SUN,
listed in the diary entry.
MON, TUE, WED, THU,
FRI, SAT)
wdwe
Day type of diary-day
(WE or WD, for weekend
or weekday, respectively)
Weather Variables
avgtemp
Average temperature on
Set based on the data at the Raleigh-Durham
day of study
International Airport (RDU) NOAA weather station for
hourrain
Hours of rainfall on day
the dates in question. (Calculated by Alion Science and
of study
Technology Corp. from NOAA's Integrated Surface
inchrain
Inches of rainfall on day
of study
Hourly Data files).
maxtemp
Maximum temperature
on day of study
Personal Variables
housingtype
Best description of living
TYPE where:
quarters
if TYPE = lthen housingtype = "SF"; *detached
if TYPE = 2 then housingtype = "MF"; *duplex
if TYPE = 4 then housingtype = "AP"; *apartment
if TYPE = 6 then housingtype = "MA"; *trailer
race
Ethnic group
RACE was unknown for respondents 16 through 24. All
other respondents were African-American.
Personal Flags
garage
Flag for attached garage
GARAGE where:
(Yes/No)
if garage = 1 then garage = "Y"
gasstove
Flag for gas stove used in
C_FUEL where:
house (Yes/No)
if (C_FUEL = 1) then gasstove = "Y"; *these residences
have a gas stove
143
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Table A.15-1. Assignment of RTP Data to CHAD-Master
CHAD Variable
Description
RTP Variable
heartung
Flag for having a heart or
lung condition (Yes/No)
All respondents were either hypertensive or had
implanted defibrillators. HEARTLUNG was set to "Y" for
all.
Note: Variables shown in the above table are only those relevant to the current study. A list of all CHAD-Master
variables can be found in Section 4.
144
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A.16. Seattle Study (SEA)
The Seattle (SEA) study was a PM exposure study of susceptible study groups living in Seattle,
Washington between October 1999 and May 2001 (Liu et al., 2003), though the data coded into
CHAD-Master stops after March 2002. Respondents ranging in age from 6 to 91 years and were
monitored for PM exposure and kept diaries of time, activity, and location. Of the 1,872 diary-
days of human-activity data in the study, 1,692 were coded into CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Source of Study Data. Source of the data was
Liu et al. 2003.
Format of Data Provided. Final questionnaire
and events files were provided in SAS® data set
and CSV formats. The CSV events file was split
into 3 files (parts I to III) so it could be opened in
Microsoft® Excel. The questionnaire file
contained entries for all fields that could be
exported from the Microsoft® Access version of
CHAD, although several were set to missing.
Several other fields (for example, housing
characteristics and health status) could be filled in
using the data in the raw SEA data files Health2
and House2.
Study Details
Two cohorts were studied with respondents ranging in age from 6 to 91 years: an older adult
group of 89 people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, or
without any signs or symptoms of cardiorespiratory disease, and a group of 19 children ages 6 to
13 years old with asthma (Liu et al., 2003).
The study included 26 monitoring sessions over the 2-year period, and up to nine respondents
were evaluated per session. During each session, activity data were collected on 10 consecutive
days from each respondent, with some respondents providing fewer days. For each session,
information was gathered on each respondent's housing type, parking garage type, heating type,
and proximity to a busy roadway for the purpose of assessing PM exposure. Respondent's also
kept diaries of time, activity, and location (Liu et al., 2003).
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Diaries were recorded in real time.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Diaries contained entries for every 15-minute segment of
the day, though activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. Activities were recorded via free-form entry. Respondents
used time-activity diaries to record the amount of time spent in different microenvironments over
each 24-hour monitoring day.
Incorporating SKA into ( IIAD-
Master
• Source l.iu el til 2<)')3
• Data formal pm\idedas
SAS i< dala sel and CSV
formats
• Dala gathering diaries
recorded in real lime
• l-'inal ('IIAI)-Mastcr SKA
dala sel SLA added 1.(^2
diary-days of luiman-acli\ ily
and location dala lo CI IAI)-
Masler
145
-------
Details of the Coding of Study Information
The SEA activity diaries contained activity and location data for 15-minute blocks. About 89
percent of these blocks contained a single activity code and a single location, while the
remaining blocks can contain up to three activities and/or locations. The data were coded using a
custom SAS® program (process seattle.sas and seattle questionnaire.sas). SEA added 1,692
diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Activities and Locations from SEA to CHAD-Master. For the blocks with a
single activity/location code, decisions were made as to which CHAD codes were most
appropriate for mapping to the SEA activity codes. These mappings are given in Table A. 16-1.
Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD activity codes in 2015, after the SEA data were
incorporated into CHAD-Master.
The six SEA locations were home; yard; work; in transit; outdoor other; and indoor other. These
codes were respectively assigned to the CHAD codes 30010 Your Residence; 30210 Your
residence, Outdoor; 33400 At work: no specific location; 31000 Travel, general; 35000 Other
outdoor, general; and 34300 Other, indoor. In some cases, more specific location mappings could
be made based on the SEA activity codes. These mappings override the above mappings, and are
also given in Table A. 16-1.
For blocks having multiple (up to three, but usually two) locations and activities, assigning
CHAD codes was more difficult. This was because there was no information in the SEA diaries
as to which activities correspond to which locations within each block. The following general
"rules" were developed for assigning codes.
• The order of the activities in time was determined by the activity number (activity 1, 2, or 3).
The amount of time spent in each activity was determined by the minutes spent in the
location ultimately assigned to that activity. For blocks with multiple locations but single
activities, order does not matter. The block was split into two (or three) events with the same
activity but different locations, and no consideration was made about order. Because the
MET should be close for these identical activities, the location order should be insignificant
for exposure modeling purposes.
• If the number of activities was greater than one, but only one location (number of minutes)
was given, the time in the 15-minute block was split as evenly as possible between the
activities (8/7 minutes or 5/5/5 minutes depending on number of activities). The order was
dictated by the order of the activity codes (1, 2, or 3).
• If one of the locations was "home" AND one of the activities listed was code 1-9 or 14-17
(likely home activities) and the other is not THEN the "home" location was assigned to the
"home" activity.
• If one of the locations was "in transit" AND one of the activities was code 31-38 (transit
activities) and the other was not THEN the "transit" location was assigned to the "transit"
activity.
• If one of the locations was "indoor other" AND one of the activities was code 22-31 (likely
indoor other activities) and the other was not THEN the "indoor other" location was assigned
146
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to the "indoor other" activity.
• If one of the locations was "yard" AND one of the activities was code 41, 44, 46, or 47
(likely yard activities) and the other was not THEN the "yard" location was assigned to the
"yard" activity.
• After each of the four preceding rules was applied, one of the first two rules above were
applied, if appropriate, to the block (either the "one location and multiple acts" or "one
activity and multiple Iocs" situation remaining). If only one activity and one location
remained, these locations/activities were paired.
• Any blocks that were not resolved by the above rules were handled individually. There were
174 blocks that had to be processed by hand.
The rules for assigning housing characteristics were as follows:
Housing type
if hbtype = "detached house" then housingtype = "SF"
if hbtypeo = "townhouse" then housingtype = "MF"
if hbtypeo = "fourplex" then housingtype = "MF"
if hbtype = "duplex/triplex" then housingtype = "MF"
if hbtype = "low rise apt" then housingtype = "AP"
if hbtype = "high rise apt" then housingtype = "AP"
if hbtype = "other" then housingtype = "O"
if hbtypeo = "townhouse" then housingtype = "MF"
if hbtypeo = "fourplex" then housingtype = "MF"
Heating type
if hvfair = -1 then heatingtype = "VB"
if hvradi = -1 then heatingtype = "S"
if hvoth = -1 then heatingtype = "O"
if hvothsp = "3 electric heaters" then heatingtype = "UV"; fueltype = "ES"
if hvothsp = "BASEBOARDCHEATER" then heatingtype = "E"; fueltype = "ES"
if hvothsp = "GRAVITY FLON, FUEL OIL" then heatingtype = "O"; fueltype = "OK"
if hvothsp = "HEAT PANELS IN CEILING" then heatingtype = "O"
if hvothsp = "RADIATING HEAT IN CELING" then heatingtype = "O"
if hvothsp = "baseboard" then heatingtype = "E"; fueltype = "ES"
if hvothsp = "central heater" then heatingtype = "VB"
if hvothsp = "central heating" then heatingtype = "VB"
if hvothsp = "elec wall ht (fan)" then heatingtype = "E"; fueltype = "ES"
if hvothsp = "electric heating" then heatingtype = "E"; fueltype = "ES"
if hvothsp = "electric, baseboard" then heatingtype = "E"; fueltype = "ES"
if hvothsp = "floor heated" then heatingtype = "O"
if hvothsp = "floor heater" then heatingtype = "O"
if hvothsp = "gas" then do; heatingtype = "VB"; fueltype = "OK"
if hvothsp = "gas furnace" then heatingtype = "VB"; fueltype = "OK"
if hvothsp = "heat pump-electric" then heatingtype = "VB"
if hvothsp = "oil" then do; heatingtype = "VB"; fueltype = "OK"
147
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if hvothsp = "oil furnace" then heatingtype = "VB"; fueltype = "OK"
if hvothsp = "radiant heat in floor" then heatingtype = "O"
if hvothsp = "through floor" then heatingtype = "O"
if hvothsp = "wall/floor heater" then heatingtype = "E"; fueltype = "ES"
if (heatingtype ="X" and hvfirepl = -1) then heatingtype = "UV"
if (heatingtype ="X" and hvgspcht = -1) then heatingtype = "UV"
if (heatingtype ="X" and hvkspcht = -1) then heatingtype = "UV"
if (heatingtype ="X" and hvespcht = -1) then heatingtype = "UV"
if (heatingtype = "X" and hvwstove = -1) then heatingtype = "UV"
Gas stove
if (hcpilgr = " Y" or hcpilov = "Y") then gasstove = "Y"
if (hcpilgr = "N" and hcpilov = "N") then gasstove = "N"
Attached garage
if (hbgarage = "attached" or hbgarage = "underneath") then garage = "Y"
if (hbgarage = "none detached or separate carport") then garage = "N"
AC
if (hvcentac > 0) then aircond = "Y"
if (hvcentac = 0) then aircond = "N"
Health status
if hstatus = "Healthy" then heartlung = "N"
if hstatus = "Healthy" then asthma = "N"
if hstatus = "COPD" then heartlung = "Y"
if hstatus = "AST" then asthma = "Y"
if hstatus = "CHD" then heartlung = "Y"
Other variables
state = "Washington"
avgtemp and maxtemp set based on the daily average and max temperatures at the SEA-TAC
airport NOAA weather station for the days in question; calculated by Alion from NOAA's
Integrated Surface Hourly Data files
Assumptions
"Blank" SEA Codes. There were 6 blocks assigned a "blank" code (code 40 and 49); it was
assumed that these were typos and were set to "missing".
"Missing monitoring data" in block. There were 186 blocks that had used code 91-93
(missing monitor data indicators). These codes were set to the previous activity if the
location did not change. Otherwise, these activity data were set to missing if no other activity
info was available for the block.
Bad time values in block. There were 171 15-minute blocks where the time spent in
different locations summed to a value other than 15. Usually these blocks were off by a
single minute. These were corrected in processing by removing a minute from the final event
in the block.
148
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10-minute blocks. There were several respondents whose diaries utilized 10-minute blocks
instead of 15-minute blocks. This was not a problem from a coding standpoint, but it should
be noted.
Wrapping of first and last day. On the first and last day of each person's diary, a full 24
hours' worth of data was not collected. The data from the last day of the study was
"wrapped" to the first day of the study to create as full a day of data as possible, and the last
day was deleted. The "properties" of the first day (the date, daytype) of the first day was not
changed. Events that were wrapped from the last day to the first contain the flag
WRAP="Y".
Missing Blocks. There were missing 15-minute (or 10-minute) blocks in 14 diary-days.
Usually either a section of early morning or late evening was missing. These blocks were
added to the diaries and the data were set as "missing".
Quality Flags/Quality Assurance Checks. In addition to the standard CHAD-Master QA/QC
variables and steps (see Section A.2), other QA/QC steps were taken to ensure the accuracy of
the SEA data being imported into CHAD-Master. The following QA tests were performed on the
final SEA diaries.
QA Flags. Some illogical entries existed. For example, several blocks were observed with
the single activity "transit by car/taxi", but with significant minutes in both home and transit
locations. The extent of such entries is unknown; a further canvass of the data would be
necessary. These anomalies in the raw data were flagged where possible. The variable
QFACTLOC (the CHAD quality flag for such as case) was set to "1" on the events file when
the following were true:
• Activity is an "in vehicle" activity, time is in location other than transit
• Activity is outdoor activity, location is not outdoor
• Activity is indoor activity, location is outdoor
• QFTravel could not be set because the employment status of the respondents was
unknown. Because the respondents were either elderly or children, it was assumed that
matching travel times was unimportant.
There were 1,939 events out of a total of 178,168 where QFACTLOC was 1.
References
Liu L-JS, Box M, Kalman D, Kaufman J, Koenig J, Larson T, Lumley T, Sheppard L, and
Wallace L. 2003. Exposure assessment of particulate matter for susceptible populations in
Seattle. Environ Health Perspect 111: 909-918.
149
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Table A.16-1. Assignment of SEA Data to CHAD-Master
SEA
Code
SEA Code Description
CHAD Code and
Description
CHAD Location
(overwrites generic SEA
location, see text)
Personal Activities (at home/away from home)
01
Sleeping
14500 Sleep or nap
02
Laying down
17250 Think and relax
03
Personal needs: shower, bathroom,
getting dressed, etc. (incl. meds, AW)
14000 Personal needs
and care, general
04
Sitting-down activities-very passive: TV,
crossword, phone, reading
17122 Passive, sitting
05
Sitting-down activities-not as passive:
doing paperwork, reading newspaper,
playing quietly/homework
17230 Read, general
06
Other activities not sitting- medium level
of effort: feeding animals, babysitting,
playing more actively
11000 General household
activities
07
Exercise-indoor; playing actively indoors
17130 Exercise
08
Putting on nail polish/hair spray
14120 Personal hygiene
09
At home-activity unknown
11000 General household
activities
10
At work
10000 Work and other
income-producing
activities, general
Eating/Cooking/Cleaning/Chores (at home/away from home)
11
Eating
14400 Eat
12
Real cooking (except microwave)
11100 Prepare food
13
Preparing food/using microwave/no
cooking
11100 Prepare food
14
Doing dishes/washing stuff in
sink/cleaning, wiping surfaces
11210 Clean up food
15
Ironing
11400 Care of clothes
16
Laundry
11400 Care of clothes
17
Dusting, vacuuming, sweeping
11220 Clean house
18
Tidying up/putting away clothes or
groceries/making bed, general
housekeeping
11200 Indoor chores
19
Washing windows, floors, mopping
11220 Clean house
20
Errands, grocery shopping, other chores
13200 Shop/run errands
(for SEA code not
"home")
11200 Indoor chores (for
SEA code "home")
Social Events/Miscellaneous Locations
150
-------
Table A.16-1. Assignment of SEA Data to CHAD-Master
SEA
Code
SEA Code Description
CHAD Code and
Description
CHAD Location
(overwrites generic SEA
location, see text)
21
Socializing: with 1-3 friends, visitors,
family (incl. playing cards w/ friends)
16600 Visit
22
Social/religious/political gathering (over
3 people)
16200 Participate in
social, political, or
religious activities
23
Theater, movies, concert, music festival,
other leisure
16400 Attend theater
32900 Public
building/library/
museum/theater
(unless SEA code is
"outdoors")
24
Doctor's visit, phlebotomist
14200 Medical care
Doctor's office (unless SEA
code is "home")
25
Hair dresser
13300 Obtain personal
care service
33300 Beauty
parlor/barber shop/ hair
dresser's
26
Miscellaneous appointments
13200 Run errands
27
At school in class/library
15100 Attend full-time
school
33500 At school
28
Recess (with 47, 05, 06 or 07)
17170 Participate in
recess and physical
education
35600 School
grounds/playgrounds (if
SEA code "outdoors")
33500 At school (if SEA
code "indoors")
29
Sports/martial arts/dance class (more
active)
17100 Participate in
sports and active leisure
30
Music/theater/other lesson (less active)
17140 Create art, music,
participate in hobbies
In Transit
31
Walking in hallways/waiting in building
17131 Walk, bike, or jog
(not in transit)
32
Transport-walking or biking outside
17131 Walk, bike, or jog
(not in transit)
33
Transport-car, taxi
18000 Travel, general
31110 Travel by car
34
Transport-bus or shuttle
18000 Travel, general
31140 Travel by bus
35
In car when car is not running
17122 Passive, sitting
31110 Travel by car
36
Waiting outside for car/bus/taxi/etc.
17122 Passive, sitting
31310 Wait for bus, train,
ride (at stop) (if SEA code
"outdoors")
31320 Wait for travel,
indoors (if SEA code
"indoors")
37
Transport-unknown type
18000 Travel, general
151
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Table A.16-1. Assignment of SEA Data to CHAD-Master
SEA
Code
SEA Code Description
CHAD Code and
Description
CHAD Location
(overwrites generic SEA
location, see text)
38
Transport-airplane/helicopter/ultralight
18000 Travel, general
31160 Travel by airplane
40
U Unknown
Outside activities/Home Improvements
41
Yard work-removing leaves/cutting
grass/outdoor burning
11300 Outdoor chores
42
Having workers at home/repair
crew/cleaning person in home
11000 General household
activities
43
Painting/wall papering
11620 Paint home/room
44
Shoveling snow/snow blower
11300 Outdoor chores
45
Sanding/carpentry
11650 Other repairs
46
In yard outside-inactive
17200 Participate in
passive leisure
47
Exercise-outdoor; playing actively
outdoors
17100 Participate in
sports and active leisure
49
U Unknown
Miscellaneous
51
Other
11000 General household
activities
52
Uncertain
U Unknown
53
No entry-location and activity unknown
X Missing
54
Respondent with field team while in
house visit
17241 Converse
55
Burning candles/incense
11000 General household
activities
56
Wood fire in stove
11500 Build a fire
57
Using air freshener
11200 Indoor chores
58
Pumping gas
11630 Repair/maintain
car
59
Birthday party
16700 Attend a party
60
Problems in Field
91
Monitor not worn but working
X Missing
92
Monitor worn but not working
X Missing
93
Monitor not worn and not working
X Missing
Note: Variables shown in the above table are only those relevant to the current study. A list of all CHAD-Master
variables can be found in Section 4. EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD activity codes in 2015, after
the SEA data were incorporated into CHAD-Master. The CHAD activity codes shown here do not reflect the
updated activity codes.
152
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A.17. Study of Use of Products and Exposure-related Behaviors (SUP)
As part of the SUPERB Project (Study of Use of Products and Exposure-related Behaviors,
coded as "SUP" in CHAD-Master), bar codes were used to quickly and reliably determine what
household and personal care products people have in their homes and determine the amount used
over a 1-week period. The study included 47 California households, 30 with young children and
17 with an older adult (cumulatively covering ages up to 88 years), studied across June 2006
through March 2010. SUP added 9,446 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Incorporating M P into CIIAD-
Source of Study Data. The SUP diaries were \hster
provided to EPA (Kristin Isaacs) by the study's
principal investigator (Deborah Bennett of the . Source dala pio\idcd In
University of California-Davis [UC-Davis]). |)cbor.lh |k.nncll ofl (_|);u is
Format ofData Provided. The data provided by . f(, plwidw|as
Deborah Bennett of UC-Davis was in the form of
a SAS® data set.
Study Details
SANK dataset
Dala gathering 24-hoiir
recall dala. collected In phone
inlei'\ ieu
l inal ( IIAD-Masler SI P
data set SI P added lM4(->
diary-days of human-acli\ ily
and location data to CI IAD-
Master
Traditionally, use of household and personal care
products has been collected through
questionnaires, which is very time consuming, a
burden on respondents, and prone to recall bias.
As part of the SUP, a novel platform was
developed using bar codes to quickly and reliably
determine what household and personal care
products people have in their homes and
determine the amount used over a 1-week period. The acceptability and feasibility of that
methodology was evaluated in a longitudinal field study that included 47 California households,
30 with young children and 17 with an older adult. The dataset provided for CHAD
incorporation by UC-Davis had already been coded for CHAD.
Recall versus Real-time Diary. Retrospective diaries were collected via interview for all
activities that occurred the previous day. Each respondent was asked to recall their activities
during the previous day, from midnight to midnight. Two separate forms were used, one for
weekdays and one for weeknights. For respondents less than 8 years of age, the parent responded
in place of the child. For children older than 8 years of age, the children responded. For each
activity, respondents were asked the location of the activity, the duration, and whether the
activity was indoor, outdoor, or in a car. Questionnaire data were also collected on general
activities.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. Respondents were asked to recall activities that occurred on
the previous day. Activity event intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. Activity questionnaires were free form, followed by
structured questionnaires about various activities and the relative intensity of those activities.
153
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Details of the Coding of Study Information
SUP added 9,446 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Locations from SUP to CHAD-Master. Mapping of location codes at two tiers are
provided Table A. 17-1 and Table A. 17-3. UC-Davis had already coded their electronic diaries in
terms of CHAD codes.
Mapping of Activities from SUP to CHAD-Master. Mapping of activity codes at two tiers are
provided in Table A. 17-2 and Table A. 17-4. UC-Davis had already coded their electronic diaries
in terms of CHAD codes. Note that EPA updated the full set of all CHAD activity codes in 2015,
after the SEA data were incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Bennett DH, Wu XM, Teague CH, Lee K, Cassady DL, Ritz B, and Hertz-Picciotto I. 2012.
Passive sampling methods to determine household and personal care product use. Journal of
Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 22(2): 148-160.
154
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Table A.17-1. Tier 1 Assignment of SUP Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
Tier 1
Location
Code (SUP)
Tier 1 Location Code Description (SUP)
LOC Code
(CHAD)
LOC Code Description (CHAD)
R-B
basement - own
30127
basement
R-G
garage - own
30330
your garage
R-H
own home
30010
your residence
R-HI
own home, indoor
30120
your residence, indoor
R-HO
own home, outdoor
30210
your residence, outdoor
R-0
someone else's home
30020
other's residence
R-OI
someone else's home, indoor
30130
other's residence, indoor
R-00
someone else's home, outdoor
30220
other's residence, outdoor
S-C
childcare at a bldg
32820
childcare facility, commercial
S-D
school, pre-school, or daycare
32800
childcare facility
S-DC
"school"/daycare (commercial bldg, includes
churches)
32820
childcare facility, commercial
S-H
childcare at a house
32810
childcare facility, house
S-HC
home daycare (child care at a house)
32810
childcare facility, house
S-K
k -12 school
33500
at school
S-KO
k -12 outside + outside preschool/daycare
facility
35600
school grounds/ playgrounds
S-0
other school or childcare location
32800
childcare facility
S-U
child care facility - unknown
32800
childcare facility
T-A
airplane
31160
travel by airplane
T-B
riding on a bus
31140
travel by bus
T-BO
boat
31170
travel by boat
T-C
in stroller or carried
31230
travel in a stroller or carried by an
adult
T-M
motorcycle, etc.
31130
travel by motorcycle/moped
motorized scooter
T-0
other method
31910
other travel
T-0
other method
31900
other travel
T-P
personal vehicle
31180
personal vehicle
T-R
bicycle/skate/etc.-with destination
31220
travel by bicycle/ skateboard/
roller-skates
T-RN
bicycle/skate/etc-no destination
31220
travel by bicycle/ skateboard/
roller-skates
T-S
bus/train stop
31310
wait for bus, train, ride
T-T
riding on train or light rail
31150
travel by train/subway/ rapid
transit
T-V
commercial vehicle
31190
commercial vehicle
T-W
walk/run-with destination
31210
travel by walk
T-WN
walk/run-no destination
31210
travel by walk
V-B
public park, beach, golf course
35800
park/ golf course
155
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Table A.17-1. Tier 1 Assignment of SUP Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
Tier 1
Location
Code (SUP)
Tier 1 Location Code Description (SUP)
LOC Code
(CHAD)
LOC Code Description (CHAD)
v-c
construction site
35400
construction site
V-DK
don't know
U
uncertain
V-F
farm
36200
farm
V-G
gym, health club
32700
indoor gym, sports or health club
V-H
hotel or motel
33800
at hotel/motel
V-L
library
32920
library / courtroom / museum /
theater
V-NR
not recorded
X
missing
V-0
other indoor general
32000
other, indoor general
V-OG
other outdoor general
36300
other outdoor
V-P
public bldg/museum/theatre/arena
32900
public bldg/museum/
theatre/arena
V-PG
parking garage
34100
parking garage
V-R
religious institution
33700
at church
V-S
swimming pool
35900
pool, river, lake
V-Z
amusement park or zoo
35500
amusement park
W-A
auto related repair shop
32630
auto related repair shop
W-B
beauty salon
33300
beauty parlor/barber shop/ hair
dresser
W-BP
bank / post office
33300 or
32120
beauty parlor/barber shop/ hair
dresser or bank/post office
W-CS
convenience store
32320
convenience store
W-D
dry cleaners
33900
at dry cleaners
W-G
grocery store
32310
grocery store
W-GA
gas station
32640
gas station
W-H
medical facility
33200
hospital/ health care facility
/doctor's office
W-l
Industrial facility
32200
Industrial
plant/factory/warehouse
W-M
other store / shopping mall
32400
shopping mall/ non-grocery store
W-N
bar or nightclub
32510
bar/night club
W-0
office building
32110
office building
W-R
restaurant
33600
at restaurant
W-S
multipurpose store
32410
multipurpose store
156
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Table A.17-2. Tier 1 Assignment of SUP Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
Tier 1
Activity
Code (SUP)
Tier 1 Activity Code
Description (SUP)
ACT Code
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
WS-A
very active activities
17130
exercise
17132
highly active social/leisure activity
17133
highly active social/leisure activity
17134
highly active social/leisure activity
17135
highly active social/leisure activity
17138
highly active social/leisure activity
17600
highly active social/leisure activity
WS-C
attend daycare
15110
Attend day-care
15120
Attend K-12
18300
Travel for child care
WS-D
don't know
U
Unknown
WS-E
activities requiring walking
13000
obtain goods and services, general
13100
dry clean
13210
shop for food
13400
obtain medical service
17500
active social/leisure activity
WS-F
eat
14400
eat
WS-G
outdoor chores
11200
indoor chores
11300
outdoor chores
WS-H
hpcc
13000
obtain goods and services, general
13500
obtain government / financial services
16000
general entertainment / social activities
19000
household/personal and child care
WS-I
repair
11600
repair, general
WS-J
taking a walk
16800
go to bar/ lounge
17500
active social/leisure activity
WS-K
attend k -12
15120
attend k-12
18600
travel for education
WS-M
play - moderate
12510
play, moderate, indoor
12610
play, moderate, outdoor
U
unknown
X
missing
WS-N
sleep/nap
14500
sleep or nap
WS-0
other
13000
obtain goods and services, general
13100
dry clean
13210
shop for food
13500
obtain government / financial services
157
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Table A.17-2. Tier 1 Assignment of SUP Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
Tier 1
Activity
Tier 1 Activity Code
ACT Code
Code (SUP)
Description (SUP)
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
13600
obtain car services
14400
eat
15000
general education and professional training
15110
Attend day-care
15120
attend K-12
16000
general entertainment / social activities
16800
go to bar/ lounge
17131
walk, bike or job (not in transit)
17500
active social/leisure activity
17600
highly active social/leisure activity
U
unknown
WS-P
play - not specified
17121
play, unspecified
WS-Q
play - quiet/non-specified
17121
play, unspecified
WS-R
not recorded
X
missing
WS-S
school
15000
general education and professional training
15110
Attend day-care
15120
attend K-12
18600
travel for education
WS-T
transit
17134
travel, general
17135
travel, general
18000
travel, general
18200
travel to/from work
18400
travel for goods and services
18500
travel for personal care
18600
travel for education
18800
travel for event / social activity
18900
travel for leisure
WS-U
unknown
U
unknown
WS-V
play - vigorous
12520
play, vigorous, indoor
12620
play, vigorous, outdoor
17600
highly active social/leisure activity
WS-W
work
10100
work, general
WS-X
errands
13000
obtain goods and services, general
13100
dry clean
13230
run errands
13600
obtain car services
14400
eat
16000
general entertainment / social activities
16210
practice religion
158
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Table A.17-2. Tier 1 Assignment of SUP Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
Tier 1
Activity
Tier 1 Activity Code
ACT Code
Code (SUP)
Description (SUP)
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
16800
go to bar/ lounge
17000
leisure, general
17130
exercise
18000
travel, general
18400
travel for goods and services
U
unknown
WS-Y
standing
17400
quiet social/leisure activity
WS-Z
sitting
17200
passive social/leisure activity
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the SUP data were incorporated into
CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs. Repeated entries for the SUP code
correspond to diary events where the location code helped dictate the most appropriate ACT
159
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Table A.17-3. Tier 2 Assignment of SUP Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
Tier 2 Location
Code (SUP)
Tier 2 Location Code Description
(SUP)
LOC Code
(CHAD)
LOC Code Description (CHAD)
R-B
basement - own
30127
basement
R-G
garage - own
30330
your garage
R-H
own home
30010
your residence
30120
your residence, indoor
30210
your residence, outdoor
R-0
someone else's home
30020
other's residence
30130
other's residence, indoor
30220
other's residence, outdoor
S-C
childcare at a commercial or
community bldg (e.g., church)
32820
childcare facility, commercial
S-D
school, pre-school, or daycare
32800
childcare facility
S-H
childcare at a house
32810
childcare facility, house
S-0
other school or childcare location
32800
childcare facility
T-A
airplane
31160
travel by airplane
T-B
riding on a bus
31140
travel by bus
T-C
in stroller or carried by adult
31230
travel in a stroller or carried by an
adult
T-M
motorcycle, motor scooter, or
moped
31130
travel by motorcycle/moped
motorized scooter
T-0
other transit method (not
otherwise specified)
31900
other travel
T-P
car, pickup truck, or personal van
31180
personal vehicle
T-R
bicycle, skateboard, roller skates,
etc.
31220
travel by bicycle/ skateboard/ roller-
skates
T-S
waiting at bus stop or train/rail
station
31310
wait for bus, train, ride
T-T
riding on train or light rail
31150
travel by train/subway/ rapid transit
T-V
commercial truck or commercial
van
31190
commercial vehicle
T-W
walk/run-with destination
31210
travel by walk
V-B
public park, beach, playground or
other outdoor rec fac
35800
park/ golf course
V-C
construction site (commercial,
not home maintenance)
35400
construction site
V-F
farm (commercial, not home
gardening)
36200
farm
V-G
gym, health club, or other indoor
recreation facility
32700
indoor gym, sports or health club
V-H
hotel or motel
33800
at hotel/motel
V-0
other indoor general
32000
other, indoor general
V-P
public building (museum, theatre,
library)
32900
public bldg/museum/ theatre/arena
160
-------
Table A.17-3. Tier 2 Assignment of SUP Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
Tier 2 Location
Code (SUP)
Tier 2 Location Code Description
(SUP)
LOC Code
(CHAD)
LOC Code Description (CHAD)
V-R
religious institution (church,
temple, mosque, synagogue)
33700
at church
V-Z
amusement park or zoo
35500
amusement park
W-A
auto repair shop, gas station,
indoor parking area, car wash
32610
auto repair shop / gas station
W-B
beauty parlor, barbershop,
hairdresser, nail salon
33300
beauty parlor/barber shop/ hair
dresser
W-D
dry cleaners
33900
at dry cleaners
W-G
grocery store
32310
grocery store
W-H
hospital, medical office, or other
healthcare facility
33200
hospital/ health care facility
/doctor's office
W-l
industrial plant, factory or
warehouse
32200
industrial plant/factory/ warehouse
W-M
shopping mall or other non-
grocery store
32400
shopping mall/ non-grocery store
W-N
bar or nightclub
32510
bar/night club
W-0
office building (e.g., bank, post
office)
32100
office building / bank / post office
W-R
restaurant
33600
at restaurant
W-S
multipurpose store
32410
multipurpose store
Note: Repeated entries for the SUP code correspond to diary events where the additional aspects of the diary
entry helped dictate the most appropriate LOC.
161
-------
Table A.17-4. Tier 2 Assignment of SUP Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
Tier 2
Activity
Tier 2 Activity Code
ACT Code
Code (SUP)
Description (SUP)
(CHAD)
ACT Code Description (CHAD)
WS-N
sleep/nap
14500
sleep or nap
WS-0
other
13000
obtain goods and services, general
13100
dry clean
13200
shop/ run errands
13300
obtain personal care service
13400
obtain medical service
13600
obtain car services
13800
other service
14400
eat
16210
practice religion
16800
go to bar/ lounge
16900
other entertainment /social events
17130
exercise
u
unknown
X
missing
WS-P
play (moderate play)
12510
play, moderate, indoor
12610
play, moderate, outdoor
WS-S
school/daycare
15000
general education and professional training
15110
attend day-care
18300
travel for child care
WS-T
travel time
18000
travel, general
18300
travel for child care
WS-V
play (vigorous play)
12520
play, vigorous, indoor
12620
play, vigorous, outdoor
WS-W
work (paid work only)
10100
work, general
ws-wv
work (volunteer)
10119
volunteer work / non-income related
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the SUP data were incorporated into
CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs. Repeated entries for the SUP code
correspond to diary events where the location code helped dictate the most appropriate ACT.
162
-------
A.18. Valdez Air Health Study (VAL)
This Valdez Air Health Study (VAL) study was conducted during April, May, and August of
1990 and February and March of 1991 (Goldstein et al., 1992). A total of 289 individuals from
different households were interviewed as part of a continuous monitoring program that also
measured criteria pollutants, volatile organic compounds, and weather conditions. This sample
covered 23 percent of the residences in the Valdez area and added 397 diary-days of human-
activity data to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Incorporating \ Al. inlo CIIAD-
Source of Study Data. The data for this study M-isler
were provided by Ted Johnson (of TRJ
Environmental). # Source data |">i o\ iilcil b\ Ted
, -kt . r. Johnson (of TR.I
Format of Data Provided. No information
provided at this time.
Study Details
r.n\ iionmcntal)
Data formal nol pro\ iileil
Recall versus Real-time Diary. No information . , ,
• i i .• nol pio\ id oil
provided at this time. 1
Data gathering information
l inal ( IIAD-Masler VAI.
data sel \ Al. added 3l)7
diary-days of human-acti\ ilv
anil location data to CI IAD-
Master
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. No
information provided at this time. Activity event
intervals coded into CHAD-Master were as small
as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. No
information provided at this time.
Details of the Coding of Study Information
VAL added 397 diary-days of human-activity and location data to the CHAD-Master. The
CHAD questionnaire file variables were determined from the VAL data as presented in Table
A.18-1.
Mapping of Locations from VAL to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Mapping of Activities from VAL to CHAD-Master. No information provided at this time.
Assumptions. No information provided at this time.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Goldstein B, Tardiff R, Hoffnagle G, and Kester R. 1992. Valdez Air Health Study: Summary
163
-------
Report. Prepared for Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, Anchorage, AK.
Table A.18-1. Assignment of VAL Data to CHAD-Master
CHAD Variable
CHAD Variable Description
Location Variables
county
County of residence
state
State of residence
Weather Variables
Weather data were present for diary entries.
Personal Variables
fueltype
Fuel or energy source used to heat living quarters
heatingtype
Type of heating for living quarters
occup
U.S. Census Bureau occupation group
weight
Weight
Personal Flags
aircond
Flag for air conditioning (Yes/No)
employed
Flag for employed outside home (Yes/No)
garage
Flag for attached garage (Yes/No)
heartlung
Flag for having a heart or lung condition (Yes/No)
Note: Variables shown in the above table are only those relevant to the current study. A list of all CHAD-Master
variables can be found in Section 4.
164
-------
A.19. Washington, DC Study (WAS)
The Washington, DC Study (WAS) was a CO exposure study conducted November 1982
through February 1983 in the Washington, DC metropolitan area using 705 respondents between
18 and 71 years of age (Settergren et al., 1984; Hartwell et al., 1984; Johnson et al., 1986). WAS
added 699 diary-days of human-activity data to CHAD-Master.
Data Transfer
Incorporating W AS into CIIAD-
Source of Study Data. The electronic data
were provided by James Capel, and were
found to have incomplete questionnaire data.
This caused many variables to contain
missing data. So far, a source for the
remaining questionnaire has not been found.
Format of Data Provided. No information
provided at this time.
Study Details
The study was sponsored by the EMSL of
EPA. WAS was conducted concurrently with
DEN (see Section A.8) and covered each of
the 705 respondents for 1 day (Settergren et
al., 1984). DEN and WAS were carried out as
part of studies of personal exposure to CO. In
1991, EPA/OAQPS combined data from the
CIN, DEN, and WAS studies into a
"Multicity Activity Data Base" (Paul et al.,
1991).
WAS was performed by RTI International, and has been described in detail by Hartwell et al.
(1984), Settergren et al. (1984), and Johnson et al. (1986). It differs from DEN in two ways: (1)
twice as many respondents were used in WAS and (2) each WAS respondent carried a PEM and
a diary for a single 24-hour period. The CIN, DEN, and WAS studies were similar in that each
used an activity diary and a background questionnaire as data collection instruments.
Recall versus Real-time Diary. An activity diary was also provided to each respondent. Each
respondent was asked to carry an activity diary for a single 24-hour sampling period. Each
respondent was also requested to complete a detailed background questionnaire. WAS added 699
diary-days of human-activity and location data to CHAD-Master.
Time Resolution of Questionnaire. The start and end times were not consistent from person to
person. No other information is provided at this time. Activity event intervals coded into CHAD-
Master were as small as 1 minute.
Structured versus Free-form Entry. A questionnaire was administered with a set of structured
Source dala pm\ ided in
Johnson el al (I^SO). I larlw el I
el al ( NK4). Sellei uien el al
( ll>K4). .lames Capel pix>\ icletl
database
Dala formal electronic dala
pimided (formal unspecified)
Dala gathering acli\ ilv diary
and background questionnaire
Final (IIAD-.Masler WAS
dala sel WAS added W-)
diary-days of luiman-acli\ ily
and location dala to CI IAD-
\ I aster
165
-------
questions.
Details of the Coding of Study Information
WAS added 699 diary-days of human-activity and location data to the CHAD-Master.
Mapping of Locations from WAS to CHAD-Master. The list of potential location codes is
fairly short, limiting the resolution in location description that is possible in this study. Mapping
of CHAD-Master locations to WAS location variables is presented in Table A. 19-1.
Mapping of Activities from WAS to CHAD-Master. The list of potential activity codes is
fairly short, limiting the resolution in activity description that is possible in this study. Mapping
of CHAD-Master activities to WAS activity variables is presented in Table A. 19-2. Note that
EPA updated the full set of all CHAD activity codes in 2015, after the WAS data were
incorporated into CHAD-Master.
Assumptions. The activity data in each study should reflect activities for a 24-hour period.
However, it was found that records may have missing activity data such that a complete 24-hour
period was not represented. Also, the start and end times were not consistent from person to
person. In CHAD, all diaries are exactly 24-hours long and start at midnight. The variable
WRAPTIME indicates the true diary starting time. Two sequencing numbers are provided:
RECNUM indicates the new midnight-to-midnight order, while SEQ indicates the original
chronological sequence.
Additional Data. No information provided at this time.
References
Hartwell TD, Clayton CA, Richie RM, Whitmore RW, Zelon HS, Jones SM, and Whitehurst
DA. 1984. Study of Carbon Monoxide Exposure of Residents of Washington, D.C. and Denver,
Colorado. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC.
Johnson, T, Capel J, and Wijnberg L. 1986. Selected Data Analyses Relating to Studies of
Personal Carbon Monoxide Exposure in Denver and Washington, DC. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Paul RA, Yoder JM, Johnson T, and Capel J. 1991. Documentation for the Multicity Activity
Data Base. Report for International Technology Air Quality Services, Durham, NC.
Settergren SK, Hartwell TD, and Clayton CA. 1984. Study of Carbon Monoxide Exposure of
Residents of Washington, DC.: Additional Analyses. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
166
-------
Table A.19-1. Assignment of WAS Location Codes to CHAD-Master Location Codes
LOC Code and Description (CHAD)
Location Code (WAS)
30100: residence, indoor
0200
30200: residence, outdoor
0883
30331: indoor garage
0661
30332:outdoor garage
0881
31000: travel, general
0100
32100: office building/ bank/ post office
0300
32300: grocery store/convenience store
0400
32400: shopping mall non-grocery store
0664
32910: auditorium, sport's arena, concert hall
0662
33200: hospital/health care facility/doctor's office
0666
33500:school
0665
33600: restaurant
0500
33700:church
0663
34100: parking garage
0661
34200: laboratory
0667
34200: other, indoor (specify)
0669
35200: public garage/parking lot
0881
35300: service station/gas station
0885
35400: construction site
0882
35800: park/golf course
0884
36300: other outdoor (specify)
0889
Table A.19-2. Assignment of WAS Activity Codes to CHAD-Master Activity Codes
ACT Code and Description (CHAD)
Activity Code (WAS)
10100: work, general
2, 22
11100: prepare food
3, 23
11200: indoor chores
5, 25
11300:outdoor chores
6, 26
11400: care of clothes
4, 24
13200: shop/run errands, general
7, 27
14000: personal needs and care, general
8, 28
14400: eat
13, 33
14500: sleep or nap
11, 31
15000: general education and professional training
12, 32
16200: participate in social, political, or religious activities
15
17000: leisure, general
9, 29
17100: participate in sports and active leisure
14, 34
18000: travel, general
1, 21
Note: EPA updated and expanded the full set of all CHAD ACTs in 2015, after the WAS data were incorporated into
CHAD-Master. The ACTs shown here do not reflect the updated ACTs.
167
-------
Appendix B: Crosswalk between
Previous and Current CHAD Activity
Codes
In early 2015, EPA updated the set of activity codes used in CHAD so that some specific
activities undertaken by study respondents now have correspondingly specific activity codes,
whereas they previously were grouped with similar activities into broader, less-specific activity
codes. For example, the previous "Participate in sports" activity code included four specific sub-
categories of activities (Hunting, fishing, hiking; Golf; Bowling / pool / ping pong / pinball; and
Yoga), and those not fitting into those four sub-categories were allocated to the broad
"Participate in sports" code. In early 2015, the broad "Participate in sports, general" activity still
exists, but there are now more than 30 sub-categories spanning combat sports, racquet sports,
team sports, water sports, and winter sports. A crosswalk between previous and current CHAD
activity codes is provided below. The third column of the table indicates if the activity code
number was changed during the development of the new activity codes so that the coding
sequence and relationships between adjacent codes were logical, and the fourth column indicates
if the August 15, 2014, activity code was among the subset of codes assessed for activity-code
revision (not all activity codes were assessed this way).
168
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
10000
Work and other income
producing activities, general
NO
NO
10000
Work and other income
producing activities, general
10100
Work, general
NO
NO
10100
Work, general
10110
Work, general, for organizational
activities
NO
NO
10110
Work, general, for organizational
activities
10111
Work for professional/union
organizations
NO
NO
10111
Work for professional/union
organizations
10112
Work for special interest identity
organizations
NO
NO
10112
Work for special interest identity
organizations
10113
Work for political party and civic
participation
NO
NO
10113
Work for political party and civic
participation
10114
Work for volunteer/ helping
organizations
NO
NO
10114
Work for volunteer/ helping
organizations
10115
Work of/for religious groups
NO
NO
10115
Work of/for religious groups
10116
Work for fraternal organizations
NO
NO
10116
Work for fraternal organizations
10117
Work for child / youth / family
organizations
NO
NO
10117
Work for child / youth / family
organizations
10118
Work for other organizations
NO
NO
10118
Work for other organizations
10120
Work, income-related only
NO
NO
10120
Work, income-related only
10130
Work, secondary (income-
related)
NO
NO
10130
Work, secondary (income-
related)
10200
Unemployment
NO
NO
10200
Unemployment
10300
Breaks
NO
NO
10300
Breaks
169
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
11000
General household activities
NO
YES
11000
Household activities, general
11900
Other household
YES
NO
11001
Other household
11100
Prepare food
NO
YES
11100
Prepare food, general
11100
Prepare food
NO
YES
11101
Washing
11110
Prepare and clean-up food
NO
NO
11110
Prepare and clean-up food
11100
Prepare food
NO
YES
11120
Cooking
11100
Prepare food
NO
YES
11121
Baking
11100
Prepare food
NO
YES
11122
Fry, grill, sautee
11100
Prepare food
NO
YES
11130
Simple food preparation
11100
Prepare food
NO
YES
11131
Cutting/chopping
11200
Indoor chores
NO
YES
11200
Indoor chores, general
11200
Indoor chores
NO
YES
11210
Move things
11200
Indoor chores
NO
YES
11220
Put things away
11200
Indoor chores
NO
YES
11230
Straighten up
11200
Indoor chores
NO
YES
11231
Make bed
11210
Clean-up food
YES
YES
11240
Clean-up food
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11300
Outdoor chores, general
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11301
Shoveling
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11310
Clean outdoors
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11320
Chop wood
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11330
Garden
170
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11331
Harvest
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11332
Watering
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11333
Weeding
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11340
Lawn/grass
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11341
Lawn watering
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11342
Lawn weeding
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11343
Mowing
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11344
Pruning
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11345
Use rake/leaf blower
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11350
Load/unload
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11360
Mechanical chores
11300
Outdoor chores
NO
YES
11370
Move objects
11400
Care of clothes
NO
YES
11400
Care of clothes, general
11400
Care of clothes
NO
YES
11401
Fold/sort
11410
Wash clothes
NO
NO
11410
Wash clothes
11400
Care of clothes
NO
YES
11411
Hand wash/dry
11400
Care of clothes
NO
YES
11412
Laundry
11400
Care of clothes
NO
YES
11420
Maintain clothes
11400
Care of clothes
NO
YES
11421
Mend/sew
11400
Care of clothes
NO
YES
11422
Press/iron/steam
11500
Build a fire
NO
NO
11500
Build a fire
171
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
11600
Repair, general
NO
NO
11600
Repair, general
11610
Repair of boat
NO
NO
11610
Repair of boat
11620
Paint home / room
NO
NO
11620
Paint home / room
11630
Repair / maintain car
NO
NO
11630
Repair / maintain car
11640
Home repairs
NO
YES
11640
Home repairs, general
11640
Home repairs
NO
YES
11641
Home
improvement/construction,
moderate level
11640
Home repairs
NO
YES
11642
Home maintenance, low level
11650
Other repairs
NO
NO
11650
Other repairs
11700
Care of plants
NO
YES
11700
Care of plants, general
11700
Care of plants
NO
YES
11710
Care of plants, low level
11700
Care of plants
NO
YES
11720
Care of plants, moderate level
11800
Care for pets/animals
NO
NO
11800
Care for pets/animals
11220
Clean house
YES
YES
11900
Clean house, general
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11901
Collect/empty trash
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11902
Mop
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11903
Sweep
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11904
Vacuum
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11910
Clean house, heavy
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11911
Clean bathroom
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11912
Clean carpet
172
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11913
Clean floors
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11914
Clean kitchen
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11915
Wash windows
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11920
Clean house, light
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11921
Dust
11220
Clean house
NO
YES
11922
Use aerosol cleaner/freshener
12000
Child care, general
NO
YES
12000
Child care, general
12100
Care of baby
NO
NO
12100
Care of baby
12200
Care of child
NO
NO
12200
Care of child
12300
Help / teach
NO
NO
12300
Help / teach
12400
Talk /read
NO
NO
12400
Talk /read
12500
Play indoors
NO
NO
12500
Play indoors
12600
Play outdoors
NO
NO
12600
Play outdoors
12700
Medical care-child
NO
NO
12700
Medical care-child
12800
Other child care
NO
NO
12800
Other child care
13000
Obtain goods and services,
general
NO
NO
13000
Obtain goods and services,
general
13100
Dry clean
NO
NO
13100
Dry clean
13200
Shop / run errands
NO
YES
13200
Shop/run errands, general
13200
Shop / run errands
NO
YES
13201
Errands for children or pets
13200
Shop / run errands
NO
YES
13202
Shopping, general
173
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
13200
Shop / run errands
NO
YES
13203
Shop at mall or superstore
13210
Shop for food
NO
YES
13210
Shop for food, general
13210
Shop for food
NO
YES
13211
Grocery shopping
13210
Shop for food
NO
YES
13212
Shop for meals/snacks
13220
Shop for clothes or household
goods
NO
NO
13220
Shop for clothes or household
goods
13230
Run errands
NO
NO
13230
Run errands
13300
Obtain personal care service
NO
NO
13300
Obtain personal care service
13400
Obtain medical service
NO
NO
13400
Obtain medical service
13500
Obtain government / financial
services
NO
NO
13500
Obtain government / financial
services
13600
Obtain car services
NO
NO
13600
Obtain car services
13700
Other repairs
NO
NO
13700
Other repairs
13800
Other services
NO
NO
13800
Other services
14000
Personal needs and care, general
NO
YES
14000
Personal needs and care, general
14000
Personal needs and care, general
NO
YES
14001
Wake up
14100
Shower, bathe, personal hygiene
NO
NO
14100
Shower, bathe, personal hygiene
14110
Shower, bathe
NO
YES
14110
Shower, bathe, general
14110
Shower, bathe
NO
YES
14111
Bathe
14110
Shower, bathe
NO
YES
14112
Shower
14120
Personal hygiene
NO
YES
14120
Personal hygiene, general
14120
Personal hygiene
NO
YES
14121
Use restroom
174
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
14120
Personal hygiene
NO
YES
14122
Wash hands/teeth/face
14200
Medical care
NO
YES
14200
Medical care, general
14200
Medical care
NO
YES
14201
Use nebulizer/oxygen machine
14200
Medical care
NO
YES
14210
Feel sick
14300
Help and care
NO
NO
14300
Help and care
14400
Eat
NO
NO
14400
Eat
14500
Sleep or nap
NO
NO
14500
Sleep or nap
14600
Dress, groom
NO
NO
14600
Dress, groom
14700
Other personal needs
NO
NO
14700
Other personal needs
15000
General education and
professional training
NO
NO
15000
General education and
professional training
15100
Attend full-time school
NO
NO
15100
Attend full-time school
15110
Attend day-care
NO
NO
15110
Attend day-care
15120
Attend K-12
NO
YES
15120
Attend K-12
15130
Attend college or trade school
NO
NO
15130
Attend college or trade school
15140
Attend adult education and
special training
NO
NO
15140
Attend adult education and
special training
15200
Attend other classes
NO
NO
15200
Attend other classes
15300
Do homework
NO
NO
15300
Do homework
15400
Use library
NO
NO
15400
Use library
15500
Other education
NO
NO
15500
Other education
175
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
16000
General entertainment / social
activities
NO
YES
16000
Social activities, general
16000
General entertainment / social
activities
NO
YES
16001
Gamble
16000
General entertainment / social
activities
NO
YES
16002
Go to park or festival
16100
Attend sports events
NO
NO
16100
Attend sports events
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
NO
NO
16200
Participate in social, political, or
religious activities
16210
Practice religion
NO
NO
16210
Practice religion
16300
Watch movie
NO
NO
16300
Watch movie
16400
Attend theater
NO
NO
16400
Attend theater
16500
Visit museums
NO
NO
16500
Visit museums
16600
Visit
NO
NO
16600
Visit
16700
Attend a party
NO
YES
16700
Attend a party, general
16700
Attend a party
NO
YES
16701
Attend a party, dance
16700
Attend a party
NO
YES
16702
Attend a party, eat/drink
16700
Attend a party
NO
YES
16703
Attend a party, sit/stand
16700
Attend a party
NO
YES
16704
Attend a party, talk
16700
Attend a party
NO
YES
16705
Attend a party, walk
16800
Go to bar / lounge
NO
NO
16800
Go to bar / lounge
176
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
16900
Other entertainment / social
events
NO
NO
16900
Other entertainment / social
events
17000
Leisure, general
NO
YES
17000
Leisure, general
17000
Leisure, general
NO
YES
17010
Indoor leisure
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
NO
NO
17111
Hunting, fishing, hiking
17112
Golf
NO
NO
17112
Golf
17113
Bowling / pool / ping pong /
pinball
NO
NO
17113
Bowling / pool / ping pong /
pinball
17114
Yoga
NO
NO
17114
Yoga
17120
Participate in outdoor leisure
NO
NO
17120
Participate in outdoor leisure
17122
Passive, sitting
YES
NO
17121
Passive, sitting
17140
Create art, music, participate in
hobbies
NO
NO
17140
Create art, music, participate in
hobbies
17141
Participate in hobbies
NO
NO
17141
Participate in hobbies
17142
Create domestic crafts
NO
NO
17142
Create domestic crafts
17143
Create art
NO
NO
17143
Create art
17144
Perform music / drama / dance
NO
NO
17144
Perform music / drama / dance
17121
Play, unspecified
YES
YES
17150
Play, unspecified, general
17121
Play, unspecified
YES
YES
17151
Play, unspecified, low level
17121
Play, unspecified
YES
YES
17152
Play, unspecified, moderate level
17160
Use of computers
NO
NO
17160
Use of computers
177
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
17170
Participate in recess and physical
education
NO
NO
17170
Participate in recess and physical
education
17180
Other sports and active leisure
NO
YES
17180
Other sports and active leisure,
general
17200
Participate in passive leisure
NO
YES
17200
Passive leisure, general
17200
Participate in passive leisure
NO
YES
17201
Indoor passive leisure
17210
Watch
NO
NO
17210
Watch
17211
Watch adult at work
NO
NO
17211
Watch adult at work
17212
Watch someone provide
childcare
NO
NO
17212
Watch someone provide
childcare
17213
Watch personal care
NO
NO
17213
Watch personal care
17214
Watch education
NO
NO
17214
Watch education
17215
Watch organizational activities
NO
NO
17215
Watch organizational activities
17216
Watch recreation
NO
NO
17216
Watch recreation
17220
Listen to radio / listen to
recorded music / watch T.V.
NO
NO
17220
Listen to radio / listen to
recorded music / watch T.V.
17221
Listen to radio
NO
NO
17221
Listen to radio
17222
Listen to recorded music
NO
NO
17222
Listen to recorded music
17223
Watch TV
NO
NO
17223
Watch TV
17230
Read, general
NO
NO
17230
Read, general
17231
Read books
NO
NO
17231
Read books
178
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
17232
Read magazines / not
ascertained
NO
NO
17232
Read magazines / not
ascertained
17233
Read newspaper
NO
NO
17233
Read newspaper
17240
Converse / write
NO
NO
17240
Converse / write
17241
Converse
NO
NO
17241
Converse
17242
Write for leisure / pleasure /
paperwork
NO
NO
17242
Write for leisure / pleasure /
paperwork
17250
Think and relax
NO
NO
17250
Think and relax
17260
Other passive leisure
NO
NO
17260
Other passive leisure
17300
Other leisure
NO
NO
17300
Other leisure
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17400
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit),
general
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17410
Bike, general
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17411
Bike
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17412
Cycles, other
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17413
Tricycle
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17420
Run or jog, general
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17421
Run around, casual
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17422
Running, vigorous/sustained
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17430
Walk, general
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17431
Crawl
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17432
Use of walker
179
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17433
Walk dog
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17434
Walk for chores
17131
Walk, bike, or jog (not in transit)
YES
YES
17435
Walk inside
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17500
Participate in sports, general
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17501
Archery
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17502
Equestrian sports
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17503
Frisbee
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17504
Gymnastics
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17505
Skateboarding
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17506
Skating
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17507
Track
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17510
Combat sports
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17511
Boxing
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17512
Fencing
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17513
Martial arts
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17514
Wrestling
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17520
Racquet sports
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17521
Badminton
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17522
Racquetball
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17523
Squash
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17524
Tennis
180
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17530
Team sports
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17531
Baseball
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17532
Basketball
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17533
Cheerleading
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17534
Dodgeball
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17535
Football
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17536
Hockey
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17537
Kickball
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17538
Lacrosse
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17539
Rugby
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17541
Soccer
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17542
Softball
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17543
Volleyball
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17550
Water sports
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17551
Surfing
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17552
Swimming
17110
Participate in sports
YES
YES
17560
Winter sports
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17600
Play games, general
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17610
Active games
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17611
Fighting
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17612
Running games
181
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17613
Trampoline
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17620
Board games/card games
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17621
Board games
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17622
Bingo
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17623
Card games
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17630
Dress-up/make believe
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17640
Low energy games
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17641
Arts and crafts
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17642
Play with books
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17643
Writing/drawing
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17650
Outdoor play
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17651
Playground/swings
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17660
Play with animals
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17670
Puzzles
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17671
Jigsaw puzzle
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17672
Word puzzle
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17680
Toys
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17681
Toy balls
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17690
Video games
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17691
Active video games
17150
Play games
YES
YES
17692
Computer games
182
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17700
Active leisure, general
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17701
Camping
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17702
Caving/rock climbing
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17703
Climb trees/structures
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17710
Dance
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17720
Hiking
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17730
Horseback riding
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17740
Water recreation
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17741
Boating
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17742
Recreational swim
17100
Participate in sports and active
leisure
YES
YES
17743
Scuba diving
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17800
Exercise, general
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17810
Cardiovascular exercise
183
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17811
Aerobics
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17812
Bike for exercise
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17813
Run or jog for exercise
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17814
Swim for exercise
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17815
Walk for exercise
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17820
Strength/stretching
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17821
Lift weights
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17822
Physical therapy
17130
Exercise
YES
YES
17823
Stretching
18000
Travel, general
NO
YES
18000
Travel, general
18300
Travel for child care
YES
YES
18000
Travel, general
18400
Travel for goods and services
YES
YES
18000
Travel, general
18500
Travel for personal care
YES
YES
18000
Travel, general
18700
Travel for organizational
activities
YES
YES
18000
Travel, general
18800
Travel for event/social activities
YES
YES
18000
Travel, general
18900
Travel for leisure
YES
YES
18000
Travel, general
18910
Travel for active leisure
YES
YES
18000
Travel, general
18920
Travel for passive leisure
YES
YES
18000
Travel, general
18000
Travel, general
NO
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
18300
Travel for child care
YES
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
184
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
18400
Travel for goods and services
YES
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
18500
Travel for personal care
YES
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
18700
Travel for organizational
activities
YES
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
18800
Travel for event/social activities
YES
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
18900
Travel for leisure
YES
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
18910
Travel for active leisure
YES
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
18920
Travel for passive leisure
YES
YES
18010
Travel by bus, general
18000
Travel, general
NO
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18300
Travel for child care
YES
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18400
Travel for goods and services
YES
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18500
Travel for personal care
YES
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18700
Travel for organizational
activities
YES
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18800
Travel for event/social activities
YES
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18900
Travel for leisure
YES
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18910
Travel for active leisure
YES
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18920
Travel for passive leisure
YES
YES
18020
Travel by foot, general
18000
Travel, general
NO
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18300
Travel for child care
YES
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18400
Travel for goods and services
YES
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18500
Travel for personal care
YES
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
185
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
18700
Travel for organizational
activities
YES
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18800
Travel for event/social activities
YES
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18900
Travel for leisure
YES
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18910
Travel for active leisure
YES
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18920
Travel for passive leisure
YES
YES
18030
Travel by motor vehicle, general
18000
Travel, general
NO
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18300
Travel for child care
YES
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18400
Travel for goods and services
YES
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18500
Travel for personal care
YES
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18700
Travel for organizational
activities
YES
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18800
Travel for event/social activities
YES
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18900
Travel for leisure
YES
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18910
Travel for active leisure
YES
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18920
Travel for passive leisure
YES
YES
18031
Drive a motor vehicle, general
18000
Travel, general
NO
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18300
Travel for child care
YES
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18400
Travel for goods and services
YES
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18500
Travel for personal care
YES
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18700
Travel for organizational
activities
YES
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
186
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
18800
Travel for event/social activities
YES
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18900
Travel for leisure
YES
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18910
Travel for active leisure
YES
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18920
Travel for passive leisure
YES
YES
18032
Ride in a motor vehicle, general
18000
Travel, general
NO
YES
18040
Wait, general
18300
Travel for child care
YES
YES
18040
Wait, general
18400
Travel for goods and services
YES
YES
18040
Wait, general
18500
Travel for personal care
YES
YES
18040
Wait, general
18700
Travel for organizational
activities
YES
YES
18040
Wait, general
18800
Travel for event/social activities
YES
YES
18040
Wait, general
18900
Travel for leisure
YES
YES
18040
Wait, general
18910
Travel for active leisure
YES
YES
18040
Wait, general
18920
Travel for passive leisure
YES
YES
18040
Wait, general
18100
Travel during work
NO
YES
18100
Travel during work, general
18100
Travel during work
NO
YES
18110
Travel during work by bus
18100
Travel during work
NO
YES
18120
Travel during work by foot
18100
Travel during work
NO
YES
18130
Travel during work by motor
vehicle
18100
Travel during work
NO
YES
18131
Travel during work, drive a
motor vehicle
187
-------
Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
18100
Travel during work
NO
YES
18132
Travel during work, ride in a
motor vehicle
18100
Travel during work
NO
YES
18140
Travel during work, wait
18200
Travel to/from work
NO
YES
18200
Travel to/from work, general
18200
Travel to/from work
NO
YES
18210
Travel to/from work by bus
18200
Travel to/from work
NO
YES
18220
Travel to/from work by foot
18200
Travel to/from work
NO
YES
18230
Travel to/from work by motor
vehicle
18200
Travel to/from work
NO
YES
18231
Travel to/from work, drive a
motor vehicle
18200
Travel to/from work
NO
YES
18232
Travel to/from work, ride in a
motor vehicle
18200
Travel to/from work
NO
YES
18240
Travel to/from work, wait
18600
Travel for education
YES
YES
18300
Travel for education, general
18600
Travel for education
YES
YES
18310
Travel for education by bus
18600
Travel for education
YES
YES
18320
Travel for education by foot
18600
Travel for education
YES
YES
18330
Travel for education by motor
vehicle
18600
Travel for education
YES
YES
18331
Travel for education, drive a
motor vehicle
18600
Travel for education
YES
YES
18332
Travel for education, ride in a
motor vehicle
18600
Travel for education
YES
YES
18340
Travel for education, wait
188
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Table B-l. Crosswalk between Previous and Current (November 2015 and later) CHAD Activity Codes
CHAD (August
Activity Code
L5, 2014)
Activity Description
Change to Original
CHAD Code
Number in
November 2015
Revision?
Activity Assessed
for Potential
Revision in
November 2015?
Current CHAD I
Activity Code
November 2015 and later)
Activity Description
U
Uncertain
NO
NO
U
Uncertain
X
Missing
NO
NO
X
Missing
189
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United States Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Publication No. EPA-452/B-19-001
Environmental Protection Health and Environmental Impacts Division October 2019
Agency Research Triangle Park, NC
190
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