FACT SHEET
Proposed Amendments to Air Toxics Standards for Surface Coating of Automobiles and
Light-Duty Trucks; Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products;
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products; Surface Coating of Large Appliances;
Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles; and Surface Coating of Metal
Furniture
ACTION
•	On August 16, 2019, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed to
amend the 2004 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for
three source categories: Surface Coating of Automobile and Light-Duty Trucks, Surface
Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts, and Products and Surface Coating of Plastic Parts
and Products.
•	EPA is proposing minor amendments to enhance the effectiveness of these rules by
improving compliance and implementation.
•	Surface coating operations for these source categories are defined as the application of
coating to a substrate using, for example, spray guns or dip tanks. When a coating is
applied to a substrate, then surface coating also includes associated activities, such as
surface preparation, cleaning, mixing and storage.
•	The processes in these three source categories produce similar air toxics, including:
xylene, toluene, naphthalene, glycol ethers, ethyl benzene and methyl isobutyl ketone.
•	Following a residual risk and technology review (RTR) conducted under the Clean Air Act
(CAA), with this action EPA is proposing to:
o Revise requirements for periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM) to
be consistent with recent court decisions;
o Require 5-year testing for facilities with add-on controls; and
o Require electronic reporting of performance test results.
•	In addition, EPA is proposing technical corrections to the rule text for the NESHAP for
Surface Coating of Metal Furniture; Surface Coating of Large Appliances; and Printing,
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles.
•	EPA will accept comment on the proposed amendments for 45 days after publication in
the Federal Register.
RESIDUAL RISK ASSESSMENT
•	The CAA requires EPA to assess the risk remaining after application of the final air toxics
emissions standard. This is known as a residual risk assessment.
•	The inhalation cancer maximum individual risk (MIR) based on actual emissions is 20-in-
1 million for the Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products source
category and 10-in-l million for both the Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty
Trucks and the Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products source categories.
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•	An MIR of 20-in-l million implies that up to 20 people out of 1 million equally exposed
people could contract cancer if exposed continuously (24 hours per day) to the specific
concentration over 70 years (an assumed lifetime). This would be in addition to cancer
cases that would normally occur in 1 million unexposed people.
•	Chronic noncancer hazard indices for all three source categories are less than 1. A
hazard index of 1 or lower means air toxics are unlikely to cause adverse noncancer
health effects over a lifetime of exposure.
•	EPA determined the remaining risk after application of the standard is acceptable, and
the standard provides and ample margin of safety to protect public health and the
environment.
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
•	The CAA requires EPA to assess, review and revise air toxics standards, as necessary,
taking into account developments in practices, processes and control technologies.
•	The technology review of the standards for Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-
Duty Trucks, Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products, and Surface
Coating of Plastic Parts and Products facilities did not identify any developments that
would further reduce hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions beyond the original
NESHAP.
BACKGROUND
•	The CAA requires EPA to regulate toxic air pollutants, also known as air toxics, from
categories of industrial facilities in two phases.
•	The first phase is "technology-based," where EPA develops standards for controlling the
emissions of air toxics from sources in an industry group or "source category." These
maximum achievable control technology (MACT) standards are based on emissions
levels that are already being achieved by the best-controlled and lower-emitting sources
in an industry.
•	Within 8 years of setting the MACT standards, the CAA directs EPA to assess the
remaining health risks from each source category to determine whether the MACT
standards protect public health with an ample margin of safety and protect against
adverse environmental effects. This second phase is a "risk-based" approach called
residual risk. Here, EPA must determine whether more health-protective standards are
necessary.
•	Also, every 8 years after setting MACT standards, the CAA requires EPA to review and
revise the standards, if necessary, to account for improvements in air pollution controls
and/or prevention.
HOW TO COMMENT
•	The EPA will accept comment on the proposal for 45 days after publication in the
Federal Register. Comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0312 for the
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Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP, Docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OAR-2019-0313 for the Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products NESHAP,
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0314 for the Surface Coating of Automobiles and
Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP, Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0668 for the Printing
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles; EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0669 for the
Surface Coating of Metal Furniture, and Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0670, for the
Surface Coating of Large Appliances may be submitted by one of the following methods:
o Go to https://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for
submitting comments,
o Send comments by email to: a-and-r-Docket@epa.gov, with the subject line:
Attention Docket ID No. [insert appropriate Docket ID No.],
o Fax your comments to: (202) 566-9744, Attention Docket ID No. [insert
appropriate Docket ID No.],
o Mail your comments to: EPA Docket Center, Environmental Protection Agency,
Mail Code: 28221T, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
Attention Docket ID No. [insert appropriate Docket ID No.],
o Deliver comments in person to: EPA Docket Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW,
Room 3334, Washington, DC. Note: In person deliveries (including courier
deliveries) are only accepted during the Docket's normal hours of operation.
Special arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
•	Interested parties can download a copy of the proposed rule notice from EPA's website
at the following addresses:
o https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/surface-coating-
miscellaneous-metal-parts-and-products-national
o https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/surface-coating-plastic-
parts-and-products-national-emission
o https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/surface-coating-
automobiles-and-light-duty-trucks-national-emission
o https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/printing-coating-and-
dyeing-fabrics-and-other-textiles-national
o https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/surface-coating-metal-
furniture-national-emission-standards
o https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/surface-coating-large-
appliances-national-emission-standards
•	Today's action and other background information are also available either electronically
at https://www.regulations.gov/, EPA's electronic public docket and comment system,
or in hardcopy at the EPA Docket Center's Public Reading Room.
o The Public Reading Room is located at the EPA Headquarters Library, room
number 3334 in the EPA WJC West Building, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW,
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Washington, DC. Hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard
Time, Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays,
o Visitors are required to show photographic identification, pass through a metal
detector and sign the EPA visitor log. All visitor materials will be processed
through an X-ray machine as well. Visitors will be provided a badge that must be
visible at all times.
o Materials for this proposed action can be accessed using the appropriate Docket
ID No.
•	For further technical information about the NESHAP RTR for Surface Coating of
Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks, contact Kaye Whitfield, EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, at (919) 541-2509 or whitfield.kaye@epa.gov.
•	For further technical information about the NESHAP RTR for Surface Coating of
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products or the Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and
Products, contact Kim Teal, EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, at (919)
541-5580 or teal.kim@epa.gov.
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