Final Amendments to Air Toxics Standards for Surface Coating of Large Appliances; Printing Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles; and Surface Coating of Metal Furniture

FACT SHEET
Final Amendments to Air Toxics Standards for Surface Coating of Large Appliances; Printing
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles; and Surface Coating of Metal Furniture
ACTION
• On December 20, 2018, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued final
amendments to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for
three source categories:
o Surface Coating of Large Appliances;
o Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles; and
o Surface Coating of Metal Furniture.
• EPA is finalizing minor amendments to enhance the effectiveness of the rules by improving
compliance and implementation. EPA is also bringing consistency to all three source
categories by finalizing an amendment requiring performance testing every 5 years.
• EPA issued the air toxics standards for Surface Coatings of Large Appliances on July 23,
2002; for Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles on May 29, 2003; and
Surface Coatings of Metal Furniture on May 23, 2003.
• Following a residual risk and technology review (RTR) conducted under the Clean Air Act
(CAA), EPA is finalizing:
o Amendments to the requirements for periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction
(SSM) to be consistent with recent court decisions;
o Amendments to the requirements for recordkeeping and reporting; and
o Amendments to the requirements concerning the frequency of performance testing.
RESIDUAL RISK ASSESSMENT
• The CAA requires EPA to assess the risk remaining after application of the final air toxics
emission standards. This is known as a residual risk assessment.
• Based on the completed risk assessment, available health information and associated
uncertainties, EPA determined risks from all three source categories are acceptable and
provide an ample margin of safety to protect public health.
o The maximum individual cancer risk (MIR) for inhalation for the Surface Coating of
Large Appliances source category is estimated to be less than 1-in-l million. The
maximum acute hazard quotient (HQ) is 2.
o The MIR for the Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles source
category is 9-in-l million with an HQ below 1.
o The MIR for the Surface Coating of Metal Furniture source category is 7-in-l million
and the HQ is 2.
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
• The CAA requires EPA to assess, review and revise air toxics standards, as necessary, taking
into account developments in practices, processes and control technologies. The technology
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review of the standards for the Surface Coating of Large Appliances, Printing, Coating, and
Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles, and Surface Coating of Metal Furniture source
categories did not identify any developments that would further reduce hazardous air
pollutant (HAP) emissions beyond the original NESHAP.
BACKGROUND
•	The CAA requires EPA to regulate toxic air pollutants, also known as air toxics, from
categories of industrial facilities in two phases.
•	The first phase is "technology-based," where EPA develops standards for controlling the
emissions of air toxics from sources in an industry group or "source category." These
maximum achievable control technology (MACT) standards are based on emission levels
that are already being achieved by the best-controlled and lower-emitting sources in an
industry.
•	Within 8 years of setting the MACT standards, the CAA directs EPA to assess the remaining
health risks from each source category to determine whether the MACT standards protect
public health with an ample margin of safety and protect against adverse environmental
effects. This second phase is a "risk-based" approach called residual risk. Here, EPA must
determine whether more health-protective standards are necessary.
•	Also, every 8 years after setting the MACT standards, the CAA requires EPA to review and
revise the standards, if necessary, to account for improvements in air pollution controls
and/or prevention.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
•	Interested parties can download a copy of the final rules from EPA's website at the
following addresses:
Surface Coating of Large Appliances:
https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/surface-coating-large-appliances-
national-emission-standards
Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles:
https://www.epa.gov/stationarv-sources-air-pollution/printing-coating-and-dyeing-fabrics-
and-other-textiles-national
Surface Coating of Metal Furniture:
https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/surface-coating-metal-furnitu re-
national-emission-standards
•	Today's action and other background information are also available either electronically at
https://www.regulations.gov. EPA's electronic public docket and comment system, or in
hardcopy at the EPA Docket Center's Public Reading Room. The Docket ID numbers for this
final action are EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0668, EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0669 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-
0670.
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o The Public Reading Room is located at the EPA Headquarters Library, room
number 3334 in the EPA WJC West Building, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW,
Washington, DC. Hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard
Time, Monday through Friday, excluding Federal holidays,
o Visitors are required to show photographic identification, pass through a metal
detector and sign the EPA visitor log. All visitor materials will be processed through
an X-ray machine as well. Visitors will be provided a badge that must be visible at
all times.
• For additional technical information about the final rule, contact Kaye Whitfield, EPA's
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Sector Policies and Programs Division, Minerals
and Manufacturing Group, at (919) 541-2509 or whitfield.kaye@epa.gov.
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