Evaluating Ozone Control Programs in
the Eastern United States: Focus on the
NOx Budget Trading Program, 2004
State and Local Information for EPA Region 1
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
October 2005

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Connecticut
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
8,638
2,946
2,194
Mobile On-Road
40,214
32,921
30,159
Other
16,325
17,675
16,370
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
26,101
18,433
16,434
Solvent Usage
20,748
19,633
18,426
Other
21,789
19,256
17,692
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

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Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2C
)02 and 200^

Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Bridgeport, CT PMSA
0.1
0.1
0.08
Danbury, CT PMSA
0.11
0.11
0.09
New Haven—Meriden, CT PMSA
0.11
0.11
0.08
Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA
0.11
0.11
0.08
Worcester, MA--CT PMSA
0.09
0.09
0.07
Hartford, CT MSA
0.1
0.11
0.08
New London—Norwich, CT--RI MSA
0.1
0.1
0.08
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).
Notes:
•	Data from exceptional events are not included.
•	The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs
according to their air quality.
•	The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Hartford, CT
Abington (ABT147)
1997	1999	2001	2003	1997	1999	2001	2003
Year	Year

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Maine
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
1,195
587
319
Mobile On-Road
21,019
15,045
13,685
Other
12,292
6,353
7,946
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
13,364
9,373
8,260
Solvent Usage
10,926
11,935
12,244
Other
25,475
21,099
21,099
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

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Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2C
)02 and 200^

Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Portsmouth—Rochester, NH--ME PMSA
0.1
0.09
0.08
Portland, ME MSA
0.1
0.1
0.07
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).
Notes:
•	Data from exceptional events are not included.
•	The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs
according to their air quality.
•	The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.

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Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Portland, ME
Howland (HOW132)
Ashland (ASH135)
80 -
70 -
a 60-

1997	1999	2001	2003
Year

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Massachusetts
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
18,480
12,402
7,479
Mobile On-Road
69,883
55,406
50,778
Other
46,306
46,693
45,001
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
49,791
32,655
28,890
Solvent Usage
52,325
38,740
37,418
Other
42,856
39,444
36,915
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

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Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
	Area, 1997, 2002 and 2004	
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Boston, MA--NH PMSA
0.09
0.11
0.08
Lawrence, MA--NH PMSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
New Bedford, MA PMSA
0.09
0.09
0.08
Worcester, MA--CT PMSA
0.09
0.09
0.07
Pittsfield, MA MSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
Providence—Fall River—Warwick, RI—MA MSA
0.09
0.09
0.09
Springfield, MA MSA
0.11
0.11
0.08
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).


Notes:



• Data from exceptional events are not included.



• The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs according
to their air quality.
• The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Boston, MA

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New Hampshire
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
8,134
2,438
3,050
Mobile On-Road
18,539
15,604
14,449
Other
10,885
6,821
6,734
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
11,659
8,312
7,509
Solvent Usage
10,646
9,386
8,973
Other
16,945
13,429
12,849
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

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Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2C
)02 and 200^

Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Boston, MA--NH PMSA
0.09
0.11
0.08
Lawrence, MA--NH PMSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
Manchester, NH PMSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
Nashua, NH PMSA
0.09
0.09
0.08
Portsmouth—Rochester, NH--ME PMSA
0.1
0.09
0.08
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).
Notes:
•	Data from exceptional events are not included.
•	The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs
according to their air quality.
•	The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
80 -
70 -
S 60-
<1>
S 50-
o
40 -
30 -
1997	1999	2001	2003
Year
Woodstock (WST109)

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Rhode Island
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
3,294
251
177
Mobile On-Road
10,178
8,340
7,675
Other
1,035
5,112
5,061
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
7,037
5,084
4,527
Solvent Usage
9,023
12,560
12,920
Other
6,147
5,832
5,632
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

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Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
	Area, 1997, 2002 and 2004	
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
New London—Norwich, CT--RI MSA
0.1
0.1
0.08
Providence—Fall River—Warwick, RI—MA MSA
0.09
0.09
0.09
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).


Notes:



• Data from exceptional events are not included.



• The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs according
to their air quality.
• The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.

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Vermont
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
77
105
122
Mobile On-Road
11,059
12,517
10,969
Other
5,009
3,384
3,379
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
7,048
6,774
5,845
Solvent Usage
6,533
4,691
4,543
Other
8,635
8,231
8,026
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

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