EPA Response to External Peer Review
Comments on the EPA Report:
National Analysis of the Populations
Residing Near or Attending School
Near U.S. Airports
SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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EPA Response to External Peer Review
Comments on the EPA Report:
National Analysis of the Populations
Residing Near or Attending School
Near U.S. Airports
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or
positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data
that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to
facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of
technical developments.
Assessment and Standards Division
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE
4>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA-420-R-20-002
February 2020
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Contents
1. Introduction 2
1.1 Peer Reviewers 2
2. Charge to Reviewers 2
3. Response to Peer Reviewer Comments 4
3.1 Response to Comments Received from Reviewer 1: Francine Laden 4
3.2 Response to Comments Received from Reviewer 2: James R. Roberts 11
3.3 Response to Comments Received from Reviewer 3: George D. Thurston 21
Appendix: External Peer Review Comments on EPA's Draft Report, "National Analysis
of the Populations Residing Near or Attending School Near U.S. Airports" 29
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1. Introduction
The United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Transportation and Air
Quality (OTAQ) contracted with Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG) to organize an independent
external peer review of a draft analysis titled "National Analysis of the Population Residing Near
or Attending School Near U.S. Airports" to ensure that this analysis has been conducted in a
rigorous, appropriate, and defensible way. ERG conducted a search to identify experts who
collectively had the expertise in this field and who had no conflict of interest in performing this
review. Once selected, ERG provided the reviewers with the draft analysis and charge questions
as prepared by EPA. Each reviewer was asked to develop written comments in response to each
charge question. A full description on the peer review process can be found in the appendix which
includes the full contractor's report.
1.1 Peer Reviewers
ERG selected the following individuals to review the report provided by the EPA. Reviewers are
referred to by reviewer number throughout the response document as assigned here
alphabetically.
• Reviewer 1: Francine Laden, Harvard Medical School
• Reviewer 2: James R. Roberts, Medical University of South Carolina
• Reviewer 3: George D. Thurston, New York University School of Medicine
2. Charge to Reviewers
The following charge questions were provided to the reviewers to guide their review and highlight
specific areas for input and comment.
1. Are the databases used in this analysis appropriate for the analysis conducted? Are you
aware of additional databases that EPA should consider in order to supplement or further
refine the analysis?
2. Is the description of analytic methods and procedures clear? Do they provide enough
detail to allow the reader to understand the steps taken and assumptions made by EPA in
developing the runway layers, population layers and educational facility layers and the
intersection analyses?
3. Many runways for which runway buffers were developed (categories II through VII) are
not in FAA's shapefile data.
• Are there assumptions used in this analysis (along with the FAA facility level data)
appropriate and reasonable for generating runway geospatial data?
• Please provide a separate response for each of the categories II through VII
described in the report.
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• Please suggest alternative sets of assumptions that might lead to more reasonable
or accurate development of layers for EPA's use in this analysis, if possible.
4. EPA's conclusions about the number of people who live near airports and heliports include
uncertainties.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently described the uncertainties in the approach they
used?
• Please provide your opinion on the use of the method described in this paper to
estimate populations living near airport facilities and whether the method
sufficiently captures the relevant population.
• Please comment on other approaches for estimating this population including use
of the dasymetric method population data.
5. EPA's conclusions about the number of children who attend educational facilities near
airports include limitations.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties in the
approach used in the analysis?
6. Please provide any additional comments you feel would improve the report/analysis.
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3. Response to Peer Reviewer Comments
The following sections provide the full comments as received from each reviewer along with EPA's
responses. Small editorial errors present in reviewer's comments (e.g., misspellings, duplicated
words) are corrected in this section; the full, uncorrected comments from reviewers are provided
in the contractor's report which is an appendix to this document. Full citations to works cited in
both this document and the report are available in the References section of the report.
3.1 Response to Comments Received from Reviewer 1: Francine Laden
1. Are the databases used in this analysis appropriate for the analysis conducted? Are you
aware of additional databases that EPA should consider in order to supplement or
further refine the analysis?
To create the airport layers, EPA utilized geospatial linear runway data produced by the FAA
Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics, which is
part of the National Transportation Atlas Databases 2010 data, and the National Airspace System
Resources (NASR) database which is populated by airport submissions of Airport Master Record
(5010). These databases appear appropriate, and I am not qualified to determine if there are
additional databases available.
In the introduction, weather factors, such as wind direction and wind speed are mentioned as
important determinants of dispersion of aircraft emissions. Databases from National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are available on weather variables; however, they do not
appear to be used in the analysis. Furthermore, amount of aircraft activity is also mentioned in
the Introduction. These data also do not appear to be used.
EPA Response: The reviewer is correct that for the goals of this analysis, we did not
use databases to ascertain prevailing wind directions or airport-specific activity.
Wind direction, wind speed and other variables will influence size of the population
exposed at any given time, but the consistent 500 m buffer can inform the size of
the population exposed on average over a 3-month period of time as meteorology
and activity levels change. We use this consistent, uniform buffer distance around
runways in this analysis in order to evaluate the size of the population potentially
exposed to concentrations of lead that are above background levels for a 3-month
period.
To determine the population layer, EPA used the block data from the US Census Summary File 1.
These data are appropriate and should be comprehensive. In the Uncertainty section, EPA refers
to a dataset produced by ORD using dasymetric population mapping that is scheduled for release
in 2014. Population distribution data obtained by a multi-variable dasymetric modeling approach
(LandScan) is available from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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(http://web.ornl.gov/sci/landscan/index.shtml). Was this dataset considered? How does it differ
from the one developed by EPA?
EPA Response: The LandScan data was developed using an approach similar to that
used by EPA in developing the dasymetric data. There were several reasons we
decided not to use the LandScan data including the coarser spatial resolution
(LandScan data was available at a 1 km resolution and EPA's dasymetric approach
reslolved population at 30 meters), and the fact that the LandScan data are
proprietary, and cannot be made available to the public, while EPA's data is publicly
available.
To create the education facility layers, EPA used data on K-12 public and private schools from the
US Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences national Center for Education
Statistics (NCES). They also used data for the locations of all Head Start Facilities from the
Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Head Start. These data are appropriate and
should be comprehensive. However, although early education is covered by NCES, the use of
these data or the reasons why it may not be appropriate to use them are not included in the
report.
EPA Response: We expanded on the discussion of the uncertainty associated with
using school point data to further note that while early education is covered by the
NCES, this database is limited to Head Start Facilities and these facilities are a
subset of preschools in the US that also include center-based, school-based and in-
home early education and care programs serving children and infants. This broader
evaluation was not possible due to a lack of data on the facilities that are not Head
Start facilities. Children in this age group are clearly of interest for this analysis
because they are a highly susceptible population to the uptake and impacts of lead.
The absence of information regarding proximity of these facilities to aircraft lead
emissions may significantly underestimate this potentially exposed population. This
information has been included in the uncertainty discussion in the final report.
2. Is the description of analytic methods and procedures clear? Do they provide enough
detail to allow the reader to understand the steps taken and assumptions made by EPA
in developing the runway layers, population layers and educational facility layers and
the intersection analyses?
In general, the description of the analytic methods and procedures used to develop the airport
layers is not clear. The terms need to be better described. For example, the definition of the X and
Y coordinates in the equation should be clearly described and the axes in the figures should be
labeled. The equations in Figure 2 do not appear to be self-consistent. Also, the description of
going from runway ids (based on the magnetic coordinates) to the geographic coordinates is
confusing and the table is not consistent with the definitions provided. There is an overuse of
footnotes. Perhaps if details that are provided in this way are moved to the main text then the
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description could be clarified. It is not clear why EPA chose to use semicircles instead of circles at
the ends for the "End of Runway Buffers."
The assumptions made by EPA in developing the population layers and educational facility layers
and the intersection analyses are clear.
EPA Response: We have revised the description of the analytic methods,
procedures, and data used to develop the airport layers in order to clarify and
improve understanding and readability of these methods. These changes included
incorporation of information previously provided in footnotes into the descriptions
provided in the main body of the report where such a change was determined to
improve context and linkages among the steps used. We have also added more
descriptive labels to the airport figures to improve clarity and we identified the
inconsistency in the equations in Figure 2; we appreciate the reviewers attention to
these details. The end of runway buffers were identified using semicircles to
encompass the area of maximum impact from ground-based emissions of lead from
piston-engine aircraft. A more complete discussion of this has been added to the
report.
3. Many runways for which runway buffers were developed (categories II through VII) are
not in FAA's shapefile data.
• Are the assumptions used in this analysis (along with the FAA facility-level data)
appropriate and reasonable for generating runway geospatial data?
• Please provide a separate response for each of the categories II through VII described in
the report.
• Please suggest alternative sets of assumptions that might lead to more reasonable or
accurate development of layers for EPA's use in this analysis, if possible.
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Taking into account the comments to Charge Question 2, the assumptions used in this analysis
and the FAA facility-level data are appropriate and reasonable for generating runway geospatial
data. Separate responses for each category are below:
II: Adequate information is provided describing the start and endpoints of the runways.
III. The concepts described for this category appear to be appropriate; however, as mentioned for
Charge Question 2, there are some inconsistencies that should be cleared up.
EPA Response: See response to Charge Question 2 above.
IV. The concepts described for this category appear to be appropriate; however, as mentioned for
Charge Question 2, there are some inconsistencies that should be cleared up.
EPA Response: See response to Charge Question 2 above.
V. It is not clear why (as it says in footnote 30) it was assumed that the runway length represented
the distance from East to West and the width represented the distance from North to South. The
uncertainty associated with this decision is mentioned in the "Uncertainty" section; but perhaps
alternative orientations should be discussed here, or would a circular buffer be appropriate in this
case where orientation is unknown and aircraft can take off and land in many different
directions?
EPA Response: We made this assumption in the absence of information and
recognize that alternative assumptions could be made regarding the runway buffer.
Since many of these facilities are seaports, it is plausible, as noted by the reviewer,
that a circular buffer would be appropriate to consider. Alternatively, since
population census blocks do not extend into the water, it is also plausible that the
method EPA used intersects with the same census blocks that a circular buffer
would intersect. We made the determination that since this method was applied to
41 facilities and accounted for only 1% of the total population reported in this
analysis, that our assumption does not impart a significant source of uncertainty in
the overall results of the analysis presented in this report. In response to the
reviewers comment, we have added additional context about our assumption in the
report.
VI. The concepts described for this category appear to be appropriate.
VII. The concepts described for this category appear to be appropriate for all heliports with only 1
helipad. More detail is needed for the smaller number with more than 1 helipad.
EPA Response: We have added text to the discussion in the report describing the
selection of the method used to create airport layers for the 202 heliports with
more than one helipad. These facilities comprise 4% of all helipad facilities for
which method VII was used and, as noted in the report, visual inspection of a subset
of the 202 heliports using GoogleEarth software suggested that there is no
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standard layout for the location of helipads at airfields with multiple helipads and
they were largely removed from densely populated areas by significant setbacks or
because the facility is in a rural area. There may be instances when the selection of
a single centroid for these facilities may exclude relevant populations from this
analysis, and therefore, the simplification selected for this subset of facilities is
expected to result in an underestimate of the population in this analysis.
4. EPA's conclusions about the number of people who live near airports and heliports
include uncertainties.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently described the uncertainties in the approach they used?
• Please provide your opinion on the use of the method described in this paper to
estimate populations living near airport facilities and whether the method sufficiently
captures the relevant population.
• Please comment on other approaches for estimating this population including use of the
dasymetric method population data.
EPA has properly qualitatively described the uncertainties in the approach that they used to
identify the number of people who live near airports and heliports. However, a more quantitative
discussion may have been more appropriate. EPA mentions dasymetric mapping methods, that
data will be available for use in 2014, and performed a sensitivity analysis using this technique in
California. More detail defining the dasymetric approach would be appropriate in the main body
of the text, as well as a comparison with the LandScan data developed by Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. Also, there is no mention of the uncertainties inherent to the Census and other
databases.
EPA Response: We have included a description of the approach used by EPA to
create the dasymetric data used in this report (see Section 2.0 under the description
of the census block population layer approach), and we have noted that other such
databases are available (e.g., the Oak Ridge National Labs LandScan data). A
discussion of the differences between EPA's dasymetric approach and that of Oak
Ridge National Labs is provided in response to the comment provided above under
Question 1. In addition, we added text to Section 4 to note inherent uncertainties in
the census data and other population databases.
The methods described in this paper for estimating populations living near airport facilities are
appropriate. If anything, it is likely to be conservative and overestimate the numbers exposed. It is
not clear why some of the alternative approaches described in the Uncertainty section (e.g.
considering a different orientation of the Type V runways, or extending the buffers 14 m in all
directions to take into account the width of the runway) were not incorporated into the primary
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analyses. Weather information, particularly wind direction and activity data from the airports may
also have added to refining the estimations of the populations at risk.
EPA Response: In Section 4.0 we described parameters that could influence the
results of the analysis in order to be as complete and transparent as possible. We
determined that for parameters such as runway width, small changes in the
perimeter analyzed (e.g., extending the buffer by an additional 14 m beyond the
500 m), would not substantively impact the assessment conducted. We elected to
conduct a more detailed analysis for cases that improve the understanding of the
approach and may impact the quantification of the population (e.g., evaluating the
potential impact of having included census blocks that overlap the 500 m buffer in
urban versus rural areas).
5. EPA's conclusions about the number of children who attend educational facilities near
airports include limitations.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties in the approach
used in the analysis?
EPA has sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties to their approach for identifying the
number of children attending educational facilities near airports; however, there is an omission of
information about the uncertainties of the data itself. Information on the accuracy and
comprehensiveness of the data sources should be described and included. Also, as pointed out in
earlier sections of the report, the NCES data include information on preschools. However, these
data are not used and no explanation is provided.
EPA Response: We added information regarding the accuracy and
comprehensiveness of the school and preschool data sources. The reviewer likely
missed our presentation of the data regarding Head Start facilities which was
provided in the report; we noted that among the 16,794 preschool facilities, 92
were located in the whole perimeter buffers and 37 were located in the end-of-
runway buffers. Our analysis is limited to understanding the number of facilities
near runways because data regarding enrollment was not available.
6. Please provide any additional comments you feel would improve the report/analysis.
It would be helpful to add rows for the US population under 5 to tables 1 and 3, thus providing
information on the racial distribution of this age group. Would it be possible to include
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information on the distribution of other Census variables relevant to socioeconomic status - e.g.,
median family income or median home value?
EPA Response: The data provided in the 2010 US Census does not include race by
age, and information relevant to socioeconomic status is available only at
geographic levels larger than the census block level that was used in this analysis.
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3.2 Response to Comments Received from Reviewer 2: James R. Roberts
I have prepared this review in order of the Charge questions that were provided. For convenience,
I used the Charge Question document to begin the review and have included the original
questions provided and my answer to each follows.
1. Are the databases used in this analysis appropriate for the analysis conducted? Are you
aware of additional databases that EPA should consider in order to supplement or further
refine the analysis?
The databases appear to be appropriate for this analysis. I am not aware of any specific databases
that would supplement the analysis. However, I would consider whether Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) has some available data. Particularly, I would consider the following:
1) As the attempt is to correlate airborne lead from planes as a cause of childhood lead exposure,
I would think it important to control for exposure to well-known causes of lead paint—residences
in houses built before 1950. I think HUD may have data on age of housing;
2) Another possible source for age of housing data is County tax assessor data. For our
Geographic information systems (GIS) study in Charleston, we used local tax assessor data for age
of housing. This would be a big undertaking, but it would allow you to control for the most
common exposure and allow other exposures to be identified in the GIS system.
EPA Response: In this report, EPA is providing an estimate of the number of people
who may potentially be exposed to lead from aircraft emissions due to the
proximity of their residence or school to a runway where aircraft operating on
leaded fuel are expected to operate. We agree with the reviewer that if we were
endeavoring to conduct an epidemiological study or a correlation analysis to
evaluate the potential impact of aircraft lead emissions on blood lead in children,
we would need to consider other significant sources of lead exposure among this
population, including lead from paint in older homes.
2. Is the description of analytic methods and procedures clear? Do they provide enough detail
to allow the reader to understand the steps taken and assumptions made by EPA in
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developing the runway layers, population layers and educational facility layers and the
intersection analyses?
The description of the analytic methods and procedures is mostly clear. However regarding the
second question above, there are two overall issues I think could use additional detail. I have also
numbered these.
1) At the conference call, I asked about the intended audience for this document. Some of the
intended audience, namely those in the aviation industry should have no problem understanding
it, particularly the aeronautical terms, specific terms for ends of runways (base and reciprocal),
magnetic heading, and centroid. Those are the terms that stood out to me. Some of the other
intended audience, such as public health groups and advocacy groups, may be at a distinct
disadvantage in trying to understand the document. As a pediatrician, and not someone familiar
with airport runway configuration, it took several readings before I understood it. I think the
paper would benefit from a brief glossary of terms.
2) Even though it was mentioned in the introduction in the second paragraph, I also asked a
question about more detail why a 500 meter buffer was used. To my disappointment, the
response I received was pretty much the same 2-sentence answer in the introduction, basically
that impact of aircraft lead emissions can extend to almost 1000 meters downwind from the
runway, but that when averaged over a 3-month period, concentrations return to background
levels at 500 meters. What does the author mean by "local background levels"? Did they consider
soil deposition from airborne plumes? How frequent are those 1000 meter "down-wind days"? It
seems that the 500 meters is possibly over simplified, and I would challenge that there should be
consideration of a buffer zone of greater than 500 meters. I do find it troubling that I see no
discussion of soil lead concentrations, nor an attempt to measure that, even if it is in a small pilot
study such as what they did in some of the California airports.
EPA Response: In response to comment 1 above, where industry-specific
terminology was used, we have added definitions in the text. We also added
further clarity to the description of the methods to improve readability.
To address the question regarding local background concentrations: local
background concentrations are defined in this report as the lead concentrations
that would be expected in the absence of a localized source such as aircraft
emissions of lead. Air monitors that are sited to assess local background
concentrations are referred to as non-source oriented monitors. EPA summarized
the lead concentrations from non-source oriented monitors in the most recent
Integrated Science Assessment for lead; the median non-source oriented
concentration of lead was 0.01 ug/m3. [U.S. EPA Integrated Science Assessment for
Lead, 2013, Section 2. Available at: https://www.epa.aov/isa/integrated-science-
assessment-isa-leadl
We have added additional explanation to the report to describe the rationale for
the selection of the 500 meter buffer and we provide additional context here. As
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noted in the report, the purpose of this analysis is to estimate the number of people
whom, based on available data, may be exposed to elevated air concentrations of
lead due to piston-engine aircraft activity at airports with differences in activity
levels, aircraft types, and meteorological conditions over a 3-month period. As
noted in the Introduction to the report, the available data suggest that 500 meters
reasonably represents the distance at which these exposures occur.
We selected 500 meters as the buffer distance because the concentrations
averaged over 3-months (the form of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for
lead) suggest lead concentrations from aircraft return to background at
approximately 500 meters at these highly active airports. We acknowledge that
using this buffer distance will underestimate the number of people potentially
exposed to ground-based lead emissions on individual days out to 1,000 meters
from a runway at a very active airport; we also acknowledge that using a 1,000
meter distance around airports nationwide would likely overestimate the number
of people potentially exposed to ground-based lead emissions at the less active
airports.
We agree with the reviewer that selection of the 500 meter buffer is a simplified
approach. The goal of this analysis is to conduct a screening level assessment of
the number of people potentially exposed to elevated lead concentrations over the
duration of the averaging time of EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standard for
Lead which is 3 months. We acknowledge that the precise distance of a potential
elevation in exposure to lead attributable to lead emissions from piston-engine
aircraft will vary by airport based on a number of factors. Air quality modeling of
lead from piston-engine aircraft has demonstrated that the distances over which
aircraft emissions increase lead concentrations above local background levels
varies depending on the intensity of piston-engine aircraft activity and whether
those aircraft are single- or multi-engine, the lead concentration in the gasoline
used, and other operational factors such as the length of time a pilot conducts pre-
flight checks during which the engine is run at a high rate of power at a single
location, typically near the end of the take-off runway. Meteorological factors also
impact the ground-level lead concentrations, such as consistency in wind direction,
and magnitude of the wind speed. EPA has modeled daily events during which lead
concentrations from aircraft exhaust extend almost 1,000 meters downwind. This
occurs at the most active general aviation airports when wind speeds are low and
wind is consistent from one direction over the course of the day. [See the document
titled "Development and Evaluation of an Air Quality Modeling Approach for Lead
Emissions from Piston-Engine Aircraft Operating on Leaded Aviation Gasoline"
available at: https://www.epa.aov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-
engines/airport-lead-monitorina-and-modelinal
In addition to the modeling and monitoring data discussed above, a study published
in 2011 by Miranda et a!., informed our choice of the 500 meter buffer distance.
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Miranda et al., studied blood lead in children living within 500 meters, 1,000
meters, 1,500 meters and farther from runways where piston-engine aircraft
operate. In a categorical analysis, Miranda reported a statistically significant
increase in the concentration of lead in children's blood for those who resided
within 500 meters of airport runways compared with those living between 500
meters and 1,000 meters. [Miranda et.al., 2011 A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects
of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood Lead Levels. Environmental Health
Perspectives 119:1513-1516.]
While the analysis presented in this report is focused on air-related, near-field
exposure to lead from piston-engine aircraft, EPA is concerned about any exposure
to lead (see additional information in response to question 4 from Reviewer 3). We
agree with the reviewer that when considering the potential human health impacts
of lead emissions to air, consideration needs to be given to the potential for
deposition of lead to soil because soil uptake by young children is a dominant
pathway for their exposure to air-related lead sources. As the reviewer notes, EPA
collected soil samples at and near one airport in California and analyzed several
metals in the samples (see the EPA report "Development and Evaluation of an Air
Quality Modeling Approach for Lead Emissions from Piston-Engine Aircraft
Operating on Leaded Aviation Gasoline" referenced above in this response). Soil
samples collected on airport property did not show elevated lead concentrations
above typical background levels. The highest lead concentration in soil was
observed in samples collected near a road and at homes where external home
renovation had been conducted. Others have evaluated lead concentrations in soil
at and near airports where piston-engine aircraft operate and have reported
average or typical lead concentrations in soil /"Environment Canada, 2000. Airborne
Particulate Matter, Lead and Manganese at Buttonville Airport. Environment
Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Conor Pacific Environmental Technologies for
Environmental Protection Service, Ontario Region and Heiken, J., et al. (2014).
Quantifying Aircraft Lead Emissions at Airports. ACRP Report 133.
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/22142/quantifving-aircraft-lead-emissions-at-
airports].
I also noticed one additional, yet minor item. Under I. (runway layers from FAA geospatial data),
there is one item that could be reworded for clarity. The authors first mention 6090 runways, but
in the next sentence say the data contain 6159 runways. I'd suggest something trying to spell out
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how you went from 6159 runways to 6090 (6159 runways minus x closed runways minus y
runways in US territories = 6090 runways).
EPA Response: We modified this section as suggested to improve clarity.
3. Many runways for which runway buffers were developed (categories II through VII) are not
in FAA's shapefile data.
• Are the assumptions used in this analysis (along with the FAA facility-level data)
appropriate and reasonable for generating runway geospatial data?
For all of these methods ll-VII, as well as I, I will still include my point that I remain unconvinced
that the 500 meters is the best measure and question if 1000 meters is better.
II. This method sounds fine. It took me several readings but I finally got it. While the method is
okay, I wonder if it can be revised to read more clearly. Earlier I mentioned how a glossary of
terms might be helpful, and it may be that if the glossary is included, this statement would be a
little easier to understand.
EPA Response: We modified the text to improve flow and clarity and we added
additional definitions to terminology used in the report in lieu of a glossary of
terms.
III. This method sounds fine. The only question I had for clarity was whether anyway the data
report the length and direction of the runway. If this is there, please state; and if not in the data,
please state that information is not available.
EPA Response: We have clarified in the report that the magnetic heading of the
runway and the runway length were provided in the FAA database.
IV. This method sounds fine. I would suggest the following minor sentence structure revisions for
clarity: For 8,597 runways at 8,597 airports, the airport centroid (which is the center of the
runway on the runway centerline) were used to create... Again, the glossary can help, but as I
tried to read it, the terminology distracted me until the 4th line.
EPA Response: This edit has been made to the report.
I will add that for III and IV, I am not a math person, so I can't comment if the mathematical
equation is correct, and I will defer to your geocoding review experts.
V. My only concern is that this method seems more arbitrary than the others with some
significant assumptions; namely that the facility latitude and longitude is really located at the
center of the runway. Might it be that the runway is located on one side of the airport facility? If
this is the case, than a larger buffer zone should be used. The figure the author uses for this
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clearly demonstrate that for some runways, the buffer chosen is clearly too small, as in the
example, one end of one of the runways is much closer to the edge of the buffer zone, and
certainly less than 500 meters from the edge of the runway.
EPA Response: We acknowledge that the method used to create the airport layer
for category V facilities has several significant assumptions given the lack of data
regarding these facility types. It is important to focus the relevance of the
uncertainty on these airports given that many are seaports where aircraft are
taking off and landing on the water and given this situation, there are not people
living in the 500 meter buffer area of this activity. One could, if there were specific
facilities of interest in this category, evaluate them individually to ascertain which
census blocks closest to the shore are potentially impacted by the exhaust from
piston-engine aircraft operating at each facility. This type of individualized analysis
was not considered necessary for this national-scale evaluation for which these
category V facilities comprise less than 1% of the total number of airports
evaluated.
VI. I have more questions about this one. It really sounds, as I read this, that the authors really
don't know where the runways are located on these airports and that only using a centroid
coordinate will significantly underestimate the true buffer of the runways. Again, with this much
uncertainty of location of the runways (as least as I read this section), a larger buffer zone should
be used. If I am incorrect about my reading of this section, then it is more likely that other public
health professionals and child advocates will also misunderstand this section.
EPA Response: We have provided additional description of the potential
implications and uncertainties associated with the use of the airport centroid and a
1,000 meter buffer distance around the centroid to estimate the people living near
these airport facilities. In brief here, the selection of this buffer from the centroid of
these airport facilities has the potential to over- or under-estimate population
residing within a 500 meter buffer of the runways, depending on the runway
configuration and length for these facilities. Of the 856facilities in this category,
789 (92%) are in areas defined as rural by the U.S. Census Bureau and therefore
have low population densities.1 As such, we anticipate the use of this buffer
1 The U.S. Census Bureau defines urban areas as densely settled core areas of census tracts with a density of more
than 1,000 persons per square mile (ppsm) as well as census tracts that are contiguous to the core area and that have
a population density of at least 500 ppsm; all remaining territory not included within an urban area is classified as
rural, (from: "Urban Area Criteria for the 2010 Census" Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census, 76 FR 53030
-53043 (August 24, 2011)).
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distance for these facilities is a reasonable approach for the purpose of conducting
a national estimate of people living near airport facilities.
VII. I think this is okay, however I wonder if it would be reasonable to estimate the size of the
helipad (the full square) as opposed to a single point, and then create the buffer zone around the
full square as opposed to the single, centroid point?
EPA Response: Our air quality modeling of lead concentrations from the exhaust of helicopters
operating on leaded aviation gasoline suggests that when considering three-month average
concentrations of lead and the potential for aircraft emissions to cause lead concentrations about
local background levels, it is reasonable to evaluate a buffer zone around the point of helicopter
landing and take-off In addition, estimating the dimensions of helipads would introduce
significant uncertainty into this analysis since helipads are not uniform across facility types and
are designed for the size of the helicopters utilizing each facility. [See
https://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory circulars/index.cfm/go/document.current/doc
umentnumber/150 5390-2/.
• Please suggest alternative sets of assumptions that might lead to more reasonable or
accurate development of layers for EPA's use in this analysis, if possible.
Where I had questions about clarity of the methods, I did include alternative possibilities.
4. EPA's conclusions about the number of people who live near airports and heliports include
uncertainties.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently described the uncertainties in the approach they used?
They have done a good job with this section.
• Please provide your opinion on the use of the method described in this paper to estimate
populations living near airport facilities and whether the method sufficiently captures the
relevant population.
I think the overall methods used are good; although, I have two concerns.
1) In several places in tables and text, there is a misuse of the "less than" property with respect to
age. Sometimes the phrase "less than 5 years" is used, and other times "5 years or less" or
another equivalent is used. Less than 5 years means kids who are 4 years and younger are
considered. The way some of the phrases read, the authors are also using 5 year olds. This needs
to be consistent.
EPA Response: We identified the text to which the reviewer alerted us where we
inadvertently used the terminology "under 5 years of age" when we intended to
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communicate "5 years of age and under." We have corrected the text in the report
accordingly.
2) I question why 5 years (and here I am assuming the authors meant for all statements to be "5
years or younger") is used? Even so, most lead poisoning data, or at least the screening guidance,
considers kids 6 years or younger as being the high risk age group.
EPA Response: We reported the age breakdown as supplied by the 2010 US Census.
Population counts for each age group above age 5 are not reported in annual
increments. EPA agrees with the reviewer that the susceptible population for
children includes those under age 7; EPA includes this age group when conducting
reviews of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead.
• Please comment on other approaches for estimating this population including use of the
dasymetric method population data.
I am not familiar with dasymetric method population data. Having just looked up the definition, I
think this is a good approach to use, but I would defer to the GIS experts who are reviewing this,
rather than myself as the childhood lead poisoning expert.
5. EPA's conclusions about the number of children who attend educational facilities near
airports include limitations.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties in the approach
used in the analysis?
I don't think so. For the most part, I am satisfied, but I don't think a single point should be used
for the location of the school, with the buffer around the center of the school. I think the school
perimeter should be used, with the buffer zone around that. The primary reason I say this is that
the authors won't have the information of where on the school property any playgrounds or
other sports facilities may be located. Some playgrounds may be on the edge of the school
grounds. In this case, with the center point being at the center of the school itself, the buffer zone
will be less than 500 meters from the playground, the area where kids would most likely be
exposed.
EPA Response: We agree with the reviewer and acknowledge the limitation of
having only the school centroid information on which to evaluate the potential for
children attending school to be in the 500 meter buffer zone of a runway. To
understand the potential for our analysis to have excluded schools, we investigated
the guidance for school grounds size. For example, in the State of California, a
Guide to School Site Analysis and Development includes a rule-of-thumb area for
schools ranges from 10 acres (40,500 square meters) for elementary schools to 40
acres (162,000 square meters) for high schools (available at:
https://www.cde.ca.gOv/ls/fa/sf/auideschoolsite.asp#Sectionl). These areas, if
assumed to be a perfect square, are approximately 200- and 400-meters along
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each side for an elementary school grounds, and high school grounds, respectively.
Assuming the centroid of the school is in the center of this area, there could be up
to 200 meters of school property that is inside the 500 meter buffer area of a
runway, and the school would potentially not be included in this analysis. This
information supports the reviewers concern as well as the statements EPA provided
in the report regarding uncertainty of this analysis.
We find that given the complexity and nonuniformity for the shape and size of
school grounds, and the fact that these shape files are not publicly available (and
likely change over time), the assumptions made for the purposes of this national
estimate are appropriate. However, for specific community analyses, one would
collect specific information about a school and proximity of children to runways,
particularly in regard to the area of maximum impact typically located at a runway
end.
Also, it is unclear why the authors are looking at schools with reduced lunch costs are included. It
is not clear how they are used in any analysis. However, unless they are trying to control for
socioeconomic purposes, as an additional risk factor for lead, the school lunch program doesn't
seem relevant to the analysis. Kids who go to high end private schools are just as susceptible to
airborne lead hazards as are kids in the lower socioeconomic schools. Since the school lunch
program was brought up, I think this needs either clarification of how the authors will treat the
data, or it should be deleted.
EPA Response: We have added to text to the report to clarify the role of this
analysis. In this analysis, EPA was seeking to evaluate whether there is a
socioeconomic disparity among the children attending schools near airports
compared with the US school population generally.
6. Please provide any additional comments you feel would improve the report/analysis.
For the most part, with the exception of the descriptions of age in some of the tables and text
that I had already alluded to, I think this paper is well written. One thing I did notice however, is a
couple of places where a singular verb was used with the plural noun "data"; as in "Data is...". It
should be "data are", or another corresponding plural verb. A few times the authors got that
correct, so it stood out for the times it was incorrect.
EPA Response: EPA acknowledges this comment and has updated the report with
the corrected language.
I also wasn't sure where to address this, so I am putting it in here. On the page of the "creation of
airport buffer layer", I think the whole perimeter buffer allows for a graded assessment of risk,
with those in the ends of the buffer being at highest risk, but those along the mid side of the
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perimeter also at risk, just less than the ends of the runway. However, it was not clear to me why
the authors would use one of these buffers sometimes, and the other buffer other times.
EPA Response: EPA is providing this analysis for informational purposes, in
acknowledgement of the likelihood for greater exposure to lead for those living in
the Ends of Runway buffers compared with the areas along the sides of the runway.
Another issue, and again, I apologize that it is tacked on at the end, but I noticed this towards the
end of my review in the discussion of weaknesses. I think the use of the center line of the runway
only, with the buffer drawn around the center line is too narrow. I think the buffer should be
around the rectangle of the runway.
EPA Response: As noted in the report, the runways at airports used in this analysis
had an average width of 92 feet. Therefore, on average, the buffers would have
extended an additional 14 m in all directions if they had been drawn relative to the
edges of runway polygons as opposed to the runway centerline. We consider this a
small source of uncertainty.
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3.3 Response to Comments Received from Reviewer 3: George D. Thurston
1. Are the databases used in this analysis appropriate for the analysis conducted? Are you
aware of additional databases that EPA should consider in order to supplement or further
refine the analysis?
The databases used are appropriate to their application, but I would think that the additional
consideration of airport wind rose data layer files (e.g., from data provided by NOAA or FAA for
specific airports) would allow a consideration of the predominant wind direction in assessing the
affected perimeter around each airport. As it is, the buffer distance is assumed constant in all
directions, but published papers indicate that the emissions reach further in the downwind
direction, vs. upwind or crosswind (e.g., Carr et al, Atmospheric Environment 45 (2011) 5795-
5804). Since we are considering seasonal averages in this case, the long-term wind rose
information would seem very relevant to defining the proper buffer distance (i.e., further in the
predominantly downwind direction), if it could be incorporated into the definition of the buffer
distance.
EPA Response: We agree with the reviewer and our air quality modeling supports
the point made that the aircraft emissions plume extends farther downwind than
laterally. It is the work of Carr et al., 2011 that the reviewer references that we
used to select the 500 m buffer distance since the air quality modeling in that study
indicated that peak lead concentrations attributable to piston-engine aircraft reach
local background concentrations at a distance of 500 m. The averaging time for
these concentrations is 3-months, in alignment with the EPA National Ambient Air
Quality Standard for lead.
Additional modeling at a second general aviation airport confirmed 500 m as the
distance at which the a ire raft-related concentrations return to levels at or below
most local background concentrations (e.g., at or below 0.01 ug/m3 ofPb).
Since airport runways are purposefully oriented so that aircraft can take off into
and land into the wind, our selection of a 500 m buffer is anticipated to capture the
majority of people for whom aircraft lead emissions might contribute to an
elevation in concentrations of lead in air where they live or attend school. The
uniform application of the 500 m buffer was selected because it is too
computationally intensive to develop individual airport buffers for over 13,000
facilities. In addition to prevailing wind direction, an airport-specific analysis of the
potentially exposed population would also need to include an assessment of the
location of run-up areas where aircraft are parked for pre-flight engine checks that
have been determined to cause the ground-based peak concentration of lead at
airports. Such an airport-specific evaluation is beyond the scope of this assessment.
2. Is the description of analytic methods and procedures clear? Do they provide enough detail
to allow the reader to understand the steps taken and assumptions made by EPA in
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developing the runway layers, population layers and educational facility layers and the
intersection analyses?
The description of the analytical methods is logical, quite clear, and well presented.
3. Many runways for which runway buffers were developed (categories II through VII) are not
in FAA's shapefile data.
• Are the assumptions used in this analysis (along with the FAA facility-level data)
appropriate and reasonable for generating runway geospatial data?
• Please provide a separate response for each of the categories II through VII described in
the report.
• Please suggest alternative sets of assumptions that might lead to more reasonable or
accurate development of layers for EPA's use in this analysis, if possible.
Overall, the described approach presented is a plausible and efficient use of the data available for
each of the Categories II through VII described in the report. However, the specific choices made
are not always well enough documented, and more uncertainty analyses are needed in some
cases. Importantly, the original key choice of 500 meters as the airport buffer distance is not well
enough validated. As noted above, it would seem a variable distance, based on wind direction,
might be more appropriate. (Also, the uncertainty analysis should have evaluated this specific
choice for effect on the population size and characteristics. How different a result would come
from an alternate choice of 250m or 1000m, for example?)
EPA Response: We added to the report additional discussion on the choice of a 500
m buffer for this assessment. The additional text notes the points made in response
to Reviewer 2, Question 2.
The reviewer suggested evaluating a variable distance based on wind direction.
Runways are oriented such that the ability of aircraft to take off into the prevailing
wind is maximized; this is particularly true for runways servicing piston-engine
aircraft. This simplifies the analysis of the maximum impact area and is the
rationale for why EPA elected to analyze "End of Runway" buffers. These buffers
are expected to include areas downwind from where the most lead emitted by
piston-engine aircraft occur given shifts in wind direction. The reviewer is, of
course, correct in noting that different distances of analysis are relevant to
considering the potentially exposed population; we consider this a screening
analysis and variations tailored to individual airport types, activity rates and lead
concentration averaging times (to name a few), would be useful for more refined
analyses.
Regarding the specific categories, Category II airports had FAA 5010 runway reports available,
which include latitude and longitude coordinates for both the runway base and reciprocal ends,
providing appropriate means for estimating a buffer around runway line. Category Ill's FAA 5010
runway report had latitude/longitude coordinates for either the runway base or reciprocal end
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(not both), but the use of runway length, the available runway end coordinates, and the magnetic
heading of the runway to calculate the latitude/longitude coordinates of the opposite runway end
still seems adequate (especially since this category only included < .02% of facilities, and some
.01% of estimated affected population, so the effect of any uncertainties introduced would be
very small on the estimated population estimates). Given the percentages of population
potentially affected by each category, Category IV is a most critical category to address
appropriately (accounting for some 37% of facilities considered, and 42% of the estimated
affected population). Although these are airports with FAA 5010 runway reports lacking latitude
and longitude coordinates for both the runway base and reciprocal ends, they have only one
runway, so the use of runway length, facility centroid coordinates, and the magnetic heading of
the runway are appropriate to calculate the latitude/longitude coordinates of both runway ends.
Category V only had centroid coordinate, along with the runway width and length, to use to
calculate the four coordinate pairs of the rectangle representing the runway, but this was only
0.2% of facilities (and 1% of estimated population) to be considered, so any uncertainties
introduced by this approach would not be significant. Category VI facilities are multi-runway
facilities with no runway specific coordinates, so the facility centroid coordinates were employed,
but with a larger buffer. However, runway direction is not known, and this could introduce
significant error. Since this category accounts for some 8% of facilities and 7% of the estimated
affected population, it should get more attention in the uncertainty analysis, perhaps using
various runway directions to come up with a variety of possible answers to provide an assessment
of possible range in estimates. Lastly, Category VII (heliports) utilized centroid coordinates to
estimate the buffer, which is appropriate for this type of facility (i.e., without runways).
EPA Response: We acknowledge the reviewer's point that sensitivity analysis could
be conducted with Category VI airports utilizing assumptions regarding a range of
runway configurations to evaluate specific 500 meter buffers around each runway
at these facilities. We note in the report that the majority of these facilities (92%)
are located in rural areas and that our analysis suggests that this category of
facilities makes up 7% of the population in this analysis. We expect that in rural
environments, changes in runway configurations would have a small impact on the
population estimate, in part due to the larger size of census blocks in rural areas,
which would likely be less than the level we are using to round results. We also
note that this screening-level assessment is fit for the purpose of creating a
national estimate of people living in close proximity to airports, and we
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acknowledge that an airport-specific approach would need to be conducted to
refine these estimates by understanding specific runway headings.
4. EPA's conclusions about the number of people who live near airports and heliports include
uncertainties.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently described the uncertainties in the approach they used?
• Please provide your opinion on the use of the method described in this paper to estimate
populations living near airport facilities and whether the method sufficiently captures the
relevant population.
• Please comment on other approaches for estimating this population including use of the
dasymetric method population data.
As noted in the report, for methods II, III and IV, the data provided in the 5010 airport data report
and 5010 runway data report were assumed to provide an accurate record of the data elements
needed to draw the runway line. It is asserted that the uncertainty in the creation of these
runway layers is limited to the accuracy of the data provided to FAA for runway length, base
and/or reciprocal end coordinates, airport centroid coordinates, and magnetic heading. While
these might well be expected to be small compared to the overall estimates, the potential effects
of these uncertainties are not quantified. It would be desirable for the report to conduct an
uncertainty analysis to quantify how large these errors might actually be. One method to come up
with such an uncertainty estimate might be to employ the Category I facilities (for which
complete information is available), and apply only the portion of the data used in Methods II
through IV to those same facilities, and then determine how different the population estimates
are for those facilities vs. the original Category I method population estimates, to give estimates
of the potential uncertainties introduced in the Category II though IV facility population
estimates.
In my opinion, the proposed methods may not sufficiently capture the relevant population. As
noted above, it does not consider wind direction prevalence at each facility. In addition, the
choice of 500m for a buffer is not well enough documented, and the affected zone may be larger.
For example, results in Figure 4 of Steve et al. (Atmospheric Environment 67 (2013) 184-192)
suggest effects potentially ranging much further downwind of such facilities. Also, quantitative
uncertainty analyses should include estimates of the uncertainty introduced by the choice of a
buffer distance by trying various buffer distances and comparing estimates of the affected
population size for each Category. However, the approach of including any census block
intercepted by the buffer zone does seem appropriate, given the comparison presented using the
dasymetric method population data.
EPA Response: The reviewer proposes a meaningful method for evaluating the
uncertainties involved in using increasingly minimal data in Methods II through IV
by using these methods on Category I facilities and comparing our results from an
analysis with complete runway data to that derived from less than complete data.
We appreciate this suggestion and we agree with the reviewer that the uncertainty
in the estimates of population obtained might well be expected to be small. In
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addition, the airports for which the least amount of data is available, also represent
the airports where the lowest amount of aircraft activity occurs. These airports
with low amounts of activity are predominantly in rural areas (i.e., less densely
populated), which further supports the expectation that the uncertainty on the
national analysis presented here is likely to be small. As such, we have elected not
to pursue this quantitative uncertainty analysis.
We agree with the reviewer that, as described by Yim et a!., (referred to by the
reviewer as Steve et a!.,) the lead plume from piston-engine aircraft can extend
farther than 500 meters at airports with a highly active piston-engine fleet. We
note in the introduction to the report that EPA has also modeled this behavior of
the aircraft-induced lead plume. We further note that for the purposes of this
report, we are focusing our evaluation on the people who are potentially exposed
to lead concentrations from aircraft that are above background levels over a three-
month period, the averaging time of EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standard
for lead. The reviewer is correct in highlighting the potential for people living
downwind from the maximum impact areas to be exposed to emissions of lead
from piston-engine aircraft above background levels on individual days or multiple
days. This analysis is not intended to quantify the number of people potentially
exposed to any lead from piston-engine aircraft; we have also not quantified the
potential population exposed to lead that is emitted during flight that eventually
reaches ground-level. The number of people exposed to lead from any piston-
engine aircraft emissions would of course be larger than the estimates provided in
this report. The goal of the analysis presented in the report is to estimate the size of
the population experiencing elevated airborne lead concentrations from piston-
engine aircraft emissions over a 3-month period due to living or attending school in
close proximity to airports where piston-engine aircraft operate. [Yim et a!., (2011)
Air quality and public health impacts of UK airports. Part II: Impacts and policy
assessment Atmospheric Environment 67 (2013) 184-192 J
It is important to note that EPA is concerned about any exposure to lead. The
analysis presented in this report, by design, is confined to air-related, near-field
exposures from the exhaust of aircraft operating on leaded fuel. A more
comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of leaded aviation gasoline, would
consider transport and deposition of lead beyond the near-airport environment.
Such an assessment would include an evaluation of where and how this source
contributes to adult and children's blood lead levels, given that emissions from
aircraft can impact not just air, but also soil, water and food. Consideration of the
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impacts of lead from piston-engine aircraft could also include evaluation of
occupational exposures (e.g., dermal, inhalation, and ingestion).
5. EPA's conclusions about the number of children who attend educational facilities near
airports include limitations.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties in the approach
used in the analysis?
As noted in the report, school campuses have multiple sports fields and/or playground areas that
can cover large areas of land. The results of the school population analyses are therefore subject
to uncertainty, since inclusion of a school facility is dependent on where the school coordinates
fall within the school's actual campus. However, no estimate is provided as to how large this
uncertainty might be, relative to other potential sources of uncertainty. Assuming a typical range
of the potential sizes of such facilities and surrounding properties, it would be possible to come
up with a range in the school property coordinates considered by multiple model runs with
randomly varying coordinates for each facility, potentially allowing an estimate to be made of the
associated uncertainty in the population estimate.
EPA Response: Please see response to Reviewer 1, Question 3.
6. Please provide any additional comments you feel would improve the report/analysis.
While the report provides a useful analysis of the potentially affected population, its assumptions
(e.g., buffer distance) need to be better documented, and the uncertainties and possible range of
the true exposure population size from this report's estimates are not sufficiently quantified.
EPA Response: We have added to the report and in the responses above, additional
documentation for the selection of the 500 m buffer. We have further clarified that
the analysis presented in this report is focused on the immediate area around
runways where modeling data suggest that aircraft emissions of lead could result in
3-month average lead concentrations that are elevated above a typical background
level. This approach excludes people who live in areas downwind from the most
active airports where piston-engine aircraft emissions of lead can cause levels to be
elevated above background on individual days. Conversely, the choice of the 500 m
buffer includes populations living near less active airports where 3-month average
lead concentrations are expected to return to local background levels before 500 m.
A more refined analysis could consider airport-specific characteristics, such as the
amount of piston-engine activity. The analysis presented here is a scoping
evaluation intended to understand the potential scale of the near-field impact of
emissions of lead from aircraft engines. Quantifying the "true exposure population
size", as noted in response to Reviewer 3 (question 4), such an analysis would
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include evaluating the transport and deposition of lead to water, crops used for
food, soil, and occupational exposures.
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Appendix
External Peer Review Comments
on EPA's Draft Report,
"National Analysis of the Populations
Residing Near or Attending School
Near U.S. Airports"
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
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External Peer Review Comments on EPA's Draft Report,
"National Analysis of the Populations Residing Near or
Attending School Near U.S. Airports"
Contract No. EP-C-12-017
Work Assignment 2-16
Submitted to:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation & Air Quality
Assessment & Standards Division
2000 Traverwood Drive
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
Submitted by:
Eastern Research Group, Inc.
110 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, MA 02421-3136
April 23, 2014
Printed on Recycled Paper
l
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Contents
Introduction 1
Background 3
Peer Review 3
Individual Reviewer Comments 5
Francine Laden, Sc.D 7
James R. Roberts, MD, MPH 13
George D. Thurston, Sc.D 19
Appendix A: Peer Reviewer Resumes A-l
Appendix B: Peer Reviewer Conflict of Interest Certification B-l
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Introduction
1
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Background
In October 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received a petition from Friends of the
Earth (FoE) requesting that the Agency find that aircraft lead emissions may reasonably be anticipated to
endanger the public health or welfare, and to take action to control lead emissions from piston-engine
aircraft. FoE also requested that if there was insufficient information, EPA should commence a study of the
issue.
Since receiving the petition from FoE, EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) has been
actively studying this issue and generating and evaluating data to determine whether aircraft lead emissions
may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. The demographic analysis report
subject of this external peer review is one such analysis; it evaluates the number of people that reside in
census blocks which intersect 500 meters of all U.S. airports and runways and the number of U.S. private
and public schools (and enrollment) of schools which intersect 500 meters of all U.S. airports and runways.
Tetraethyl lead is used as an additive in gasoline that is used in piston-engine powered aircraft. EPA
estimates in the 2011 National Emissions Inventory that emissions of lead from these aircraft account for
58% of the lead emitted to the atmosphere. While a substantial portion of this lead is emitted in-flight, air
quality modeling and monitoring indicate that concentrations of lead in air at and near airports can be
significantly elevated compared with local background lead levels.1 There are almost 20,000 airport
facilities in the U.S. at which piston-engine aircraft operate, some of which are surrounded by densely
populated neighborhoods, educational, and recreational facilities.
The results of this analysis will be used by EPA to understand the potential magnitude of the population
living near airports or attending schools near airports that may experience an increase in exposure to lead
from piston-engine aircraft emissions.
Peer Review
Under an existing contract, EPA tasked Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG) with organizing an
independent external peer review of a draft analysis titled, "National Analysis of the Populations Residing
Near or Attending School Near U.S. Airports," to ensure that it has been conducted in a rigorous,
appropriate, and defensible way. ERG conducted a search to identify experts who collectively had the
following expertise and who had no conflict of interest (COI) in performing this review (as verified in a
signed confidential and detailed COI analysis form):
• Environmental exposure assessments
• GIS geospatial analysis of air pollution and community exposure
• Research or analysis of lead air emissions
• Knowledge of data sources for demographic data
• Experience analyzing demographic studies
ERG screened the pool of interested candidates against these selection criteria. From the set of candidates
who met these criteria, ERG selected three who collectively provided the optimal overall balance to identify
1 See information posted at http://www.epa.gov/otaa/aviation.htm including the following:
https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZvPDF.cgi/P100GNLC.PDF?Dockev=P 100GNLC.PDF. and
https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZvPDF.cgi/P1007H4Q.PDF?Dockev=P 1007H4Q.PDF.
3
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and address all significant issues. Upon EPA confirmation that the pool of proposed reviewers met the
technical selection criteria, ERG contracted with the following experts to perform the review:
• Francine Laden, Harvard Medical School
• James R. Roberts, Medical University of South Carolina
• George D. Thurston, New York University School of Medicine
ERG provided reviewers with the review materials (draft analysis) and a charge prepared by EPA. At the
beginning of the review period ERG organized and facilitated a briefing teleconference with reviewers and
EPA. This briefing provided EPA an opportunity to present background on and objectives for analysis, and
provided reviewers the opportunity to receive any clarifications on the review materials, technical charge, or
goals for the peer review. Each reviewer was asked to develop written comments in response to the charge
questions and to conduct their review individually, without consulting or sharing the materials with anyone
else. Reviewers were given approximately three weeks to conduct their review. They provided their
individual written comments to ERG who forwarded them to EPA. This report provides:
• Reviewers' comments organized by reviewer (pages 5 to 23)
• Peer Reviewer Resumes (Appendix A)
• Peer Reviewer Conflict of Interest Certification (Appendix B)
4
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Individual Reviewer Comments
5
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PEER REVIEW COMMENTS FROM
Francine Laden, Sc.D.
7
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
External Peer Review Comments on Draft Report, "National Analysis of the
Populations Residing Near or Attending School Near U.S. Airports"
Responses to Charge Questions from Dr. Francine Laden
1. Are the databases used in this analysis appropriate for the analysis conducted? Are you aware of
additional databases that EPA should consider in order to supplement or further refine the
analysis?
To create the airport layers, EPA utilized geospatial linear runway data produced by the FAA Research and
Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics, which is part of the National
Transportation Atlas Databases 2010 data, and the National Airspace System Resources (NASR) database
which is populated by airport submissions of Airport Master Record (5010). These databases appear
appropriate, and I am not qualified to determine if there are additional databases available.
In the introduction, weather factors, such as wind direction and wind speed are mentioned as important
determinants of dispersion of air craft emissions. Databases from National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) are available on weather variables; however, they do not appear to be used in the
analysis. Furthermore, amount of aircraft activity is also mentioned in the Introduction. These data also do
not appear to be used.
To determine the population layer, EPA used the block data from the US Census Summary File 1. These
data are appropriate and should be comprehensive. In the Uncertainty section, EPA refers to a dataset
produced by ORD using dasymetric population mapping that is scheduled for release in 2014. Population
distribution data obtained by a multi-variable dasymetric modeling approach (LandScan) is available from
the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (http://web.ornl.gov/sci/landscan/indcx.shtml). Was this dataset
considered? How does it differ from the one developed by EPA?
To create the education facility layers, EPA used data on K-12 public and private schools from the US
Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences national Center for Education Statistics (NCES).
They also used data for the locations of all Head Start Facilities from the Department of Health and Human
Services, Office of Head Start. These data are appropriate and should be comprehensive. However, although
early education is covered by NCES, the use of these data or the reasons why it may not be appropriate to
use them are not included in the report.
2. Is the description of analytic methods and procedures clear? Do they provide enough detail to
allow the reader to understand the steps taken and assumptions made by EPA in developing the
runway layers, population layers and educational facility layers and the intersection analyses?
In general the description of the analytic methods and procedures used to develop the airport layers is not
clear. The terms need to be better described. For example, the definition of the X and Y coordinates in the
equation should be clearly described and the axes in the figures should be labeled. The equations in Figure 2
do not appear to be self consistent. Also the description of going from runway ids (based on the magnetic
coordinates) to the geographic coordinates is confusing and the table is not consistent with the definitions
provided. There is an overuse of footnotes. Perhaps if details that are provided in this way are moved to the
9
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
main text then the description could be clarified. It is not clear why EPA chose to use semicircles instead of
circles at the ends for the "End of Runway Buffers."
The assumptions made by EPA in developing the population layers and educational facility layers and the
intersection analyses are clear.
3. Many runways for which runway buffers were developed (categories II through VII) are not in
FAA's shapefile data.
• Are the assumptions used in this analysis (along with the FAA facility-level data) appropriate
and reasonable for generating runway geospatial data?
• Please provide a separate response for each of the categories II through VII described in the
report.
• Please suggest alternative sets of assumptions that might lead to more reasonable or accurate
development of layers for EPA's use in this analysis, if possible.
Taking into account the comments to Charge Question 2, the assumptions used in this analysis and the FAA
facility-level data are appropriate and reasonable for generating runway geospatial data. Separate responses
for each category are below:
II: Adequate information is provided describing the start and endpoints of the runways.
III. The concepts described for this category appear to be appropriate; however, as mentioned for Charge
Question 2, there are some inconsistencies that should be cleared up.
IV. The concepts described for this category appear to be appropriate; however, as mentioned for Charge
Question 2, there are some inconsistencies that should be cleared up.
V. It is not clear why (as it says in footnote 30) it was assumed that the runway length represented the
distance from East to West and the width represented the distance from North to South. The uncertainty
associated with this decision is mentioned in the "Uncertainty" section; but perhaps alternative orientations
should be discussed here, or would a circular buffer be appropriate in this case where orientation is
unknown and aircraft can take off and land in many different directions?
VI. The concepts described for this category appear to be appropriate.
VII. The concepts described for this category appear to be appropriate for all heliports with only 1 helipad.
More detail is needed for the smaller number with more than 1 helipad.
10
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
4. EPA's conclusions about the number of people who live near airports and heliports include
uncertainties.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently described the uncertainties in the approach they used?
• Please provide your opinion on the use of the method described in this paper to estimate
populations living near airport facilities and whether the method sufficiently captures the
relevant population.
• Please comment on other approaches for estimating this population including use of the
dasymetric method population data.
EPA has properly qualitatively described the uncertainties in the approach that they used to identify the
number of people who live near airports and heliports. However, a more quantitative discussion may have
been more appropriate. EPA mentions dasymetric mapping methods, that data will be available for use in
2014, and performed a sensitivity analysis using this technique in California. More detail defining the
dasymetric approach would be appropriate in the main body of the text, as well as a comparison with the
LandScan data developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Also, there is no mention of the uncertainties
inherent to the Census and other databases.
The methods described in this paper for estimating populations living near airport facilities are appropriate.
If anything it is likely to be conservative and overestimate the numbers exposed. It is not clear why some of
the alternative approaches described in the Uncertainty section (e.g. considering a different orientation of
the Type V runways, or extending the buffers 14 m in all directions to take into account the width of the
runway) were not incorporated into the primary analyses. Weather information, particularly wind direction
and activity data from the airports may also have added to refining the estimations of the populations at risk.
5. EPA's conclusions about the number of children who attend educational facilities near airports
include limitations.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties in the approach used in
the analysis?
EPA has sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties to their approach for identifying the number of
children attending educational facilities near airports; however, there is an omission of information about the
uncertainties of the data itself. Information on the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the data sources
should be described and included. Also, as pointed out in earlier sections of the report, the NCES data
include information on preschools. However, these data are not used and no explanation is provided.
6. Please provide any additional comments you feel would improve the report/analysis.
It would be helpful to add rows for the US population under 5 to tables 1 and 3, thus providing information
on the racial distribution of this age group. Would it be possible to include information on the distribution of
other Census variables relevant to socioeconomic status - e.g., median family income or median home
value?
11
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PEER REVIEW COMMENTS FROM
James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
13
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
External Peer Review Comments on Draft Report, "National Analysis of the
Populations Residing Near or Attending School Near U.S. Airports"
Responses to Charge Questions from Dr. James R. Roberts
I have prepared this review in order of the Charge questions that were provided. For convenience, I used the
Charge Question document to begin the review and have included the original questions provided and my
answer to each follows.
1. Are the databases used in this analysis appropriate for the analysis conducted? Are you aware of
additional databases that EPA should consider in order to supplement or further refine the
analysis?
The databases appear to be appropriate for this analysis. I am not aware of any specific databases that would
supplement the analysis. However, I would consider whether Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has
some available data. Particularly, I would consider the following:
1) As the attempt is to correlate airborne lead from planes as a cause of childhood lead exposure, I would
think it important to control for exposure to well-known causes of lead paint—residences in houses built
before 1950.1 think HUD may have data on age of housing;
2) Another possible source for age of housing data is County tax assessor data. For our Geographic
information systems (GIS) study in Charleston, we used local tax assessor data for age of housing. This
would be a big undertaking, but it would allow you to control for the most common exposure and allow
other exposures to be identified in the GIS system.
2. Is the description of analytic methods and procedures clear? Do they provide enough detail to
allow the reader to understand the steps taken and assumptions made by EPA in developing the
runway layers, population layers and educational facility layers and the intersection analyses?
The description of the analytic methods and procedures is mostly clear. However regarding the second
question above, there are two overall issues I think could use additional detail. I have also numbered these.
1) At the conference call, I asked about the intended audience for this document. Some of the intended
audience, namely those in the aviation industry should have no problem understanding it, particularly the
aeronautical terms, specific terms for ends of runways (base and reciprocal), magnetic heading, and
centroid. Those are the terms that stood out to me. Some of the other intended audience, such as public
health groups and advocacy groups, may be at a distinct disadvantage in trying to understand the document.
As a pediatrician, and not someone familiar with airport runway configuration, it took several readings
before I understood it. I think the paper would benefit from a brief glossary of terms.
2) Even though it was mentioned in the introduction in the second paragraph, I also asked a question about
more detail why a 500 meter buffer was used. To my disappointment, the response I received was pretty
much the same 2-sentence answer in the introduction, basically that impact of aircraft lead emissions can
extend to almost 1000 meters downwind from the runway, but that when averaged over a 3 month period,
concentrations return to background levels at 500 meters. What does the author mean by "local background
15
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
levels"? Did they consider soil deposition from airborne plumes? How frequent are those 1000 meter
"down-wind days"? It seems that the 500 meters is possibly over simplified, and I would challenge that
there should be consideration of a buffer zone of greater than 500 meters. I do find it troubling that I see no
discussion of soil lead concentrations, nor an attempt to measure that, even if it is in a small pilot study such
as what they did in some of the California airports.
I also noticed one additional, yet minor item. Under I. (runway layers from FAA geospatial data), there is
one item that could be reworded for clarity. The authors first mention 6090 runways, but in the next
sentence say the data contain 6159 runways. I'd suggest something trying to spell out how you went from
6159 runways to 6090 (6159 runways minus x closed runways minus y runways in US territories = 6090
runways).
3. Many runways for which runway buffers were developed (categories II through VII) are not in
FAA's shapefile data.
• Are the assumptions used in this analysis (along with the FAA facility-level data) appropriate
and reasonable for generating runway geospatial data?
For all of these methods II-VII, as well as I, I will still include my point that I remain unconvinced that the
500 meters is the best measure and question if 1000 meters is better.
II. This method sounds fine. It took me several readings but I finally got it. While the method is okay, I
wonder if it can be revised to read more clearly. Earlier I mentioned how a glossary of terms might be
helpful, and it may be that if the glossary is included, this statement would be a little easier to understand.
III. This method sounds fine. The only question I had for clarity was whether anyway the data report the
length and direction of the runway. If this is there, please state; and if not in the data, please state that
information is not available.
IV. This method sounds fine. I would suggest the following minor sentence structure revisions for clarity:
For 8,597 runways at 8,597 airports, the airport centroid (which is the center of the runway on the runway
centerline) were used to create... Again, the glossary can help, but as I tried to read it, the terminology
distracted me until the 4th line.
I will add that for III and IV, I am not a math person, so I can't comment if the mathematical equation is
correct, and I will defer to your geocoding review experts.
V. My only concern is that this method seems more arbitrary than the others with some significant
assumptions; namely that the facility latitude and longitude is really located at the center of the runway.
Might it be that the runway is located on one side of the airport facility? If this is the case, than a larger
buffer zone should be used. The figure the author uses for this clearly demonstrate that for some runways,
the buffer chosen is clearly too small, as in the example, one end of one of the runways is much close to the
edge of the buffer zone, and certainly less than 500 meters from the edge of the runway.
VI. I have more questions about this one. It really sounds, as I read this, that the authors really don't know
where the runways are located on these airports and that only using a centroid coordinate will significantly
16
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
underestimate the true buffer of the runways. Again, with this much uncertainty of location of the runways
(as least as I read this section), a larger buffer zone should be used. If I am incorrect about my reading of
this section, then it is more likely that other public health professionals and child advocates will also
misunderstand this section.
VII. I think this is okay, however I wonder if it would be reasonable to estimate the size of the helipad (the
full square) as opposed to a single point, and then create the buffer zone around the full square as opposed to
the single, centroid point?
• Please suggest alternative sets of assumptions that might lead to more reasonable or accurate
development of layers for EPA's use in this analysis, if possible.
Where I had questions about clarity of the methods, I did include alternative possibilities.
4. EPA's conclusions about the number of people who live near airports and heliports include
uncertainties.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently described the uncertainties in the approach they used?
They have done a good job with this section.
• Please provide your opinion on the use of the method described in this paper to estimate
populations living near airport facilities and whether the method sufficiently captures the
relevant population.
I think the overall methods used are good; although, I have two concerns.
1) In several places in tables and text, there is a misuse of the "less than" property with respect to age.
Sometimes the phrase "less than 5 years" is used, and other times "5 years or less" or another equivalent is
used. Less than 5 years means kids who are 4 years and younger are considered. The way some of the
phrases read, the authors are also using 5 year olds. This needs to be consistent.
2) I question why 5 years (and here I am assuming the authors meant for all statements to be "5 years or
younger") is used? Even so, most lead poisoning data, or at least the screening guidance, considers kids 6
years or younger as being the high risk age group.
• Please comment on other approaches for estimating this population including use of the
dasymetric method population data.
I am not familiar with dasymetric method population data. Having just looked up the definition, I think this
is a good approach to use, but I would defer to the GIS experts who are reviewing this, rather than myself as
the childhood lead poisoning expert.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
5. EPA's conclusions about the number of children who attend educational facilities near airports
include limitations.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties in the approach used in
the analysis?
I don't think so. For the most part, I am satisfied, but I don't think a single point should be used for the
location of the school, with the buffer around the center of the school. I think the school perimeter should be
used, with the buffer zone around that. The primary reason I say this is that the authors won't have the
information of where on the school property any playgrounds or other sports facilities may be located. Some
playgrounds may be on the edge of the school grounds. In this case, with the center point being at the center
of the school itself, the buffer zone will be less than 500 meters from the playground, the area where kids
would most likely be exposed.
Also, it is unclear why the authors are looking at schools with reduced lunch costs are included. It is not
clear how they are used in any analysis. However, unless they are trying to control for socioeconomic
purposes, as an additional risk factor for lead, the school lunch program doesn't seem relevant to the
analysis. Kids who go to high end private schools are just as susceptible to airborne lead hazards as are kids
in the lower socioeconomic schools. Since the school lunch program was brought up, I think this needs
either clarification of how the authors will treat the data, or it should be deleted.
6. Please provide any additional comments you feel would improve the report/analysis.
For the most part, with the exception of the descriptions of age in some of the tables and text that I had
already alluded to, I think this paper is well written. One thing I did notice however, is a couple of places
where a singular verb was used with the plural noun "data"; as in "Data is...". It should be "data are", or
another corresponding plural verb. A few times the authors got that correct, so it stood out for the times it
was incorrect.
I also wasn't sure where to address this, so I am putting it in here. On the page of the "creation of airport
buffer layer", I think the whole perimeter buffer allows for a graded assessment of risk, with those in the
ends of the buffer being at highest risk, but those along the mid side of the perimeter also at risk, just less
than the ends of the runway. However, it was not clear to me why the authors would use one of these buffers
sometimes, and the other buffer other times.
Another issue, and again, I apologize that it is tacked on at the end, but I noticed this towards the end of my
review in the discussion of weaknesses. I think the use of the center line of the runway only, with the buffer
drawn around the center line is too narrow. I think the buffer should be around the rectangle of the runway.
18
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PEER REVIEW COMMENTS FROM
George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
19
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
External Peer Review Comments on Draft Report, "National Analysis of the
Populations Residing Near or Attending School Near U.S. Airports"
Responses to Charge Questions from Dr. George D. Thurston
1. Are the databases used in this analysis appropriate for the analysis conducted? Are you aware of
additional databases that EPA should consider in order to supplement or further refine the
analysis?
The databases used are appropriate to their application, but I would think that the additional consideration of
airport wind rose data layer files (e.g., from data provided by NOAA or FAA for specific airports) would
allow a consideration of the predominant wind direction in assessing the affected perimeter around each
airport. As it is, the buffer distance is assumed constant in all directions, but published papers indicate that
the emissions reach further in the downwind direction, vs. upwind or crosswind (e.g., Carr et al,
Atmospheric Environment 45 (2011) 5795-5804). Since we are considering seasonal averages in this case,
the long-term wind rose information would seem very relevant to defining the proper buffer distance (i.e.,
further in the predominantly downwind direction), if it could be incorporated into the definition of the buffer
distance.
2. Is the description of analytic methods and procedures clear? Do they provide enough detail to
allow the reader to understand the steps taken and assumptions made by EPA in developing the
runway layers, population layers and educational facility layers and the intersection analyses?
The description of the analytical methods is logical, quite clear, and well presented.
3. Many runways for which runway buffers were developed (categories II through VII) are not in
FAA's shapefile data.
• Are the assumptions used in this analysis (along with the FAA facility-level data) appropriate
and reasonable for generating runway geospatial data?
• Please provide a separate response for each of the categories II through VII described in the
report.
• Please suggest alternative sets of assumptions that might lead to more reasonable or accurate
development of layers for EPA's use in this analysis, if possible.
Overall, the described approach presented is a plausible and efficient use of the data available for each of the
Categories II through VII described in the report. However, the specific choices made are not always well
enough documented, and more uncertainty analyses are needed in some cases. Importantly, the original key
choice of 500 meters as the airport buffer distance is not well enough validated. As noted above, it would
seem a variable distance, based on wind direction, might be more appropriate. (Also, the uncertainty
analysis should have evaluated this specific choice for effect on the population size and characteristics. How
different a result would come from an alternate choice of 250m or 1000m, for example?)
Regarding the specific categories, Category II airports had FAA 5010 runway reports available, which
include latitude and longitude coordinates for both the runway base and reciprocal ends, providing
appropriate means for estimating a buffer around runway line. Category Ill's FAA 5010 runway report had
latitude/longitude coordinates for either the runway base or reciprocal end (not both), but the use of runway
21
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
length, the available runway end coordinates, and the magnetic heading of the runway to calculate the
latitude/longitude coordinates of the opposite runway end still seems adequate (especially since this
category only included < .02% of facilities, and some .01% of estimated affected population, so the effect of
any uncertainties introduced would be very small on the estimated population estimates). Given the
percentages of population potentially affected by each category, Category IV is a most critical category to
address appropriately (accounting for some 37% of facilities considered, and 42% of the estimated affected
population). Although these are airports with FAA 5010 runway reports lacking latitude and longitude
coordinates for both the runway base and reciprocal ends, they have only one runway, so the use of runway
length, facility centroid coordinates, and the magnetic heading of the runway are appropriate to calculate the
latitude/longitude coordinates of both runway ends. Category V only had centroid coordinate, along with the
runway width and length, to used to calculate the four coordinate pairs of the rectangle representing the
runway, but this was only 0.2% of facilities (and 1% of estimated population) to be considered, so any
uncertainties introduced by this approach would not be significant. Category VI facilities are multi-runway
facilities with no runway specific coordinates, so the facility centroid coordinates were employed, but with a
larger buffer. However, runway direction is not known, and this could introduce significant error. Since this
category accounts for some 8% of facilities and 7% of the estimated affected population, it should get more
attention in the uncertainty analysis, perhaps using various runway directions to come up with a variety of
possible answers to provide an assessment of possible range in estimates. Lastly, Category VII (heliports)
utilized centroid coordinates to estimate the buffer, which is appropriate for this type of facility (i.e., without
runways).
4. EPA's conclusions about the number of people who live near airports and heliports include
uncertainties.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently described the uncertainties in the approach they used?
• Please provide your opinion on the use of the method described in this paper to estimate
populations living near airport facilities and whether the method sufficiently captures the
relevant population.
• Please comment on other approaches for estimating this population including use of the
dasymetric method population data.
As noted in the report, for methods II, III and IV, the data provided in the 5010 airport data report and 5010
runway data report were assumed to provide an accurate record of the data elements needed to draw the
runway line. It is asserted that the uncertainty in the creation of these runway layers is limited to the
accuracy of the data provided to FAA for runway length, base and/or reciprocal end coordinates, airport
centroid coordinates, and magnetic heading. While these might well be expected to be small compared to
the overall estimates, the potential effects of these uncertainties are not quantified. It would be desirable for
the report to conduct an uncertainty analysis to quantify how large these errors might actually be. One
method to come up with such an uncertainty estimate might be to employ the Category I facilities (for which
complete information is available), and apply only the portion of the data used in Methods II through IV to
those same facilities, and then determine how different the population estimates are for those facilities vs.
the original Category I method population estimates, to give estimates of the potential uncertainties
introduced in the Category II though IV facility population estimates.
In my opinion, the proposed methods may not sufficiently capture the relevant population. As noted above,
it does not consider wind direction prevalence at each facility. In addition, the choice of 500m for a buffer is
22
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
not well enough documented, and the affected zone may be larger. For example, results in Figure 4 of Steve
et al. (Atmospheric Environment 67 (2013) 184-192) suggest effects potentially ranging much further
downwind of such facilities. Also, quantitative uncertainty analyses should include estimates of the
uncertainty introduced by the choice of a buffer distance by trying various buffer distances and comparing
estimates of the affected population size for each Category. However, the approach of including any census
block intercepted by the buffer zone does seem appropriate, given the comparison presented using the
dasymetric method population data.
5. EPA's conclusions about the number of children who attend educational facilities near airports
include limitations.
• Has EPA properly and sufficiently addressed the potential uncertainties in the approach used in
the analysis?
As noted in the report, school campuses have multiple sports fields and/or playground areas that can cover
large areas of land. The results of the school population analyses are therefore subject to uncertainty, since
inclusion of a school facility is dependent on where the school coordinates fall within the school's actual
campus. However, no estimate is provided as to how large this uncertainty might be, relative to other
potential sources of uncertainty. Assuming a typical range of the potential sizes of such facilities and
surrounding properties, it would be possible to come up with a range in the school property coordinates
considered by multiple model runs with randomly varying coordinates for each facility, potentially allowing
an estimate to be made of the associated uncertainty in the population estimate.
6. Please provide any additional comments you feel would improve the report/analysis.
While the report provides a useful analysis of the potentially affected population, its assumptions (e.g.,
buffer distance) need to be better documented, and the uncertainties and possible range of the true exposure
population size from this report's estimates are not sufficiently quantified.
23
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Appendix A: Peer Reviewer Resumes
A-l
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CURRICULUM VITAE
Francine Laden
12/20/2013
Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA
02115
EDUCATION:
1988 Biology A.B. Princeton University
1993 Environmental Health Management M.S. Harvard School of Public Health
1998 Epidemiology Sc.D. Harvard School of Public Health
POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING:
Date Field of Research
Place
Institution
1998-2000 Medicine, Channing Laboratory Brigham and
Environmental Epidemiology Department of Medicine Women's Hospital
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:
Dates
2011-
2009-
2007-2009
2004-2007
2002-2011
2000-2004
2000-2002
Title
Associate Professor
Department
Medicine
Mark and Catherine Winkler
Associate Professor
Mark and Catherine Winkler
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor
Research Associate
Instructor
Environmental Health,
Epidemiology
Environmental Health,
Epidemiology
Environmental Health,
Epidemiology
Medicine
Environmental Health
Medicine
Institution
Brigham and
Women's Hospital,
Harvard Medical
School
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Brigham and
Women's Hospital
and Harvard Medical
School
Harvard School of
Public Health
Brigham and
Women's Hospital
A-3
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS:
Dates Title
2000- Associate Epidemiologist
Department of Medicine
Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital
HONORS AND DISTINCTIONS:
2011 Alice Hamilton Lectureship, Harvard School of Public Health, Committee for
Concerns of Women Faculty
2002 Flight Attendants Medical Research Institute Young Investigators Award
1994-1996 National Cancer Institute National Research Award in Cancer Epidemiology
1988- Sigma Xi, National Scientific Honor Society, Associate Member
MAJOR PROFESSIONAL SERVICE:
Dates
National
2013-
2012
2009
2009-2010
2007-2009
2007-2009
2005-2006
International
2013
2013
2011
Service
Environmental Protection Agency Scientific Advisory Board
Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Committee on Review of the
Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix (SEM) Database
Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, CO
panel
Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Committee on Gulf War and
Health: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, Update 2009.
Member of the Environmental and Occupational Health (EOH) Program
Committee, American Thoracic Society
National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Contaminated Drinking Water at
Camp Lejeune
Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Committee on Gulf War and
Health: Review of the Medical Literature Relative to Gulf War Veterans' Health
Member of the Working Group for IARC Monographs volume 109; Ambient Air
pollution
President Elect, International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE)
National Institute of Health (NIH) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Joint
Workshop on Environmental Pollution and Cancer in China and the U.S.
2007-2010 Secretary Treasurer, International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE)
A-4
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
2007-2009 American Thoracic Society (EOH Program Committee Member)
2003- Harvard/Dana Farber Cancer Center
1998- International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (Secretary/Treasurer 2007-
2010President Elect 2013)
1993- Society for Epidemiologic Research
OTHER PUBLIC SERVICE:
2013 Scientific Reviewer, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Career
Award Applications
2012- Expert Member, VA Cooperative Study #595: Respiratory Health and Deployment
to Iraq and Afghanistan Planning Committee; VA Cooperative Study Program,
Epidemiology and Population Genomics Program
2011 Scientific Reviewer, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Environmental Health Sciences Review Committee EHS(P3), NIH
2011, 2012 Scientific Reviewer, Environment and Health Fund, Israel
2010 Scientific Reviewer, the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs
(CDMRP) Review Committee
2010, 2011 Scientific Reviewer, CBCRP Environmental Exposures Cohort Review, California
Breast Cancer Research Program
2010 Scientific Reviewer for NIH Neurological, Aging and Musculoskeletal
Epidemiology (NAME) Grant Panel
2008, 2010 Scientific Reviewer EPA STAR Research Grant Peer Review Panel
2007 Scientific Reviewer for the NICHD "National Children's Study" - East Coast
Review
2006, 2008, Scientist Reviewer of grants and progress reports for the Flight Attendants Medical
2010 Research Institute (FARMI)
2006 Scientist Reviewer for the NIOSH NORA Peer Review
2004 External reviewer for Institute of Medicine's report "Gulf War and Health Phase
III"
2003 Workshop on Breast Cancer and the Environment, Department of Health and
Human Services, Office on Women's Health, Washington, DC
2002 International Summit on Breast Cancer the Environment. Santa Cruz, CA
2000 National Breast Cancer Coalition (NBCC) Environmental Advisory Board
A-5
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
DEPARTMENT AND SCHOOL SERVICE:
2012- Faculty Council, Harvard School of Public Health
2012- Chair, Curriculum Committee, Department of Environmental Health
2008- Curriculum Committee, Department of Environmental Health
2007 Population Sciences Allston Committee
2004-2011 Training Committee, Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of
Environmental Health
EDITORIAL BOARDS:
2010- Environmental Health Perspectives, Associate Editor
2008-2010 Environmental Health Perspectives, Editorial Review Board
2007- Cancer, Causes and Control, Associate Editor
2005- Journal of Women's Health, Ad Hoc Reviewer
2004- Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Ad Hoc Reviewer
2003- American Industrial Hygiene Journal, Ad Hoc Reviewer
2003- Clinical Chemistry, Ad Hoc Reviewer
2001- American Journal of Epidemiology, Ad Hoc Reviewer
2001- Epidemiology, Ad Hoc Reviewer
2001- Journal of Environmental Epidemiology and Exposure Assessment, Ad Hoc
Reviewer
2001 - Oncology Research, Ad Hoc Reviewer
2000- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1999- Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1999- International Journal of Epidemiology, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1999- Annals of Epidemiology, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1998- Environmental Health Perspectives, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1998- Cancer, Causes and Control, Ad Hoc Reviewer
MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS:
Environmental risk factors of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory
diseases. Specific interests in exposure assessment and epidemiology of air pollution and factors
influencing the geographic variation of risk (e.g. the built environment).
Exploratory analyses of modification of inflammatory response to vehicle exhaust in a population
of trucking industry workers.
A-6
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
RESEARCH SUPPORT (PI or Co-PI):
Years Funding Source Pi/or Co-PI
Past Funding
2009-2010
2007-2008
Harvard Catalyst
NMUL1
RR025758-01
NIEHS
Center Pilot
Project Grant
2003-2009
2003-2008
2002-2008
Current Funding
2013-2015
2013-2014
2009-2014
2008-2014
FAMRI (Flight
Attendants Medical
Research Institute)
NIEHS R01
ES016284,
Co-PI
PI
NCIR01 CA98122 PI
EPA R83-0545-010 PI
PI
Susan J Komen For Co-PI
the Cure
NIEHS Center Pilot PI
Project Grant
NIEHS R01 PI
ES017017
PI
Grant Title
The effect of air pollution on morbidity
and mortality in end-stage renal disease
Exploratory analyses of modification of
inflammatory response to vehicle exhaust
in a Population of trucking industry
workers
Exposure to organochlorines, EBV, and the
risk of NHL
Chronic exposure to particulate matter and
cardiopulmonary disease
SHS exposure and health in a blue-collar
population
Environmental Exposures, Early
Proliferative Changes and Breast Cancer
Risk
Metabolomics to Identify Novel
Biomarkers of Exposure to Traffic Exhaust
Diet, Physical Activity, and the
Relationship Between Air Pollution and
CVD
Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in a
Traffic Exposed Population
TEACHING EXPERIENCE:
Date
2006-2013
2005-2013
2004-2013
2006
Title
Environmental Exposure,
Epidemiology and Risk Practicum
Environmental and Occupational
Epidemiology, spring
Environmental and Occupational
Epidemiology, summer
Epidemiology of Environment and
Occupational Health Regulations
Institution
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Experience
Course Instructor
Course Instructor
Course Instructor
Harvard School of Course Lecturer
Public Health
A-7
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
2005
2001-2004
1999-2012
1998,
2003- 2006
2010- 2012
1998, 2000
1995-1996
Applied Biomarkers in Cancer
Epidemiology
Environmental and Occupational
Epidemiology, spring
Epidemiology of Cancer
Cancer Prevention
Environmental and Occupational
Epidemiology, summer
Environmental and Occupational
Epidemiology, spring
1993-1995 Introduction to Epidemiology
1992-1994 Advance Seminar Program of the
Master of Public Health Program
2007, Critical Thinking on Issues of Env.
2011-2012 And Public Health
1995-1997 Introduction to Epidemiology
2000-2005, Analyzing Risk: Science, Assessment
2010-2013 and Management
2000-2003 Critical Reading of the Medical
Literature
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard School of
Public Health
Harvard Extension
School
Harvard Extension
School
Harvard Center for
Risk Analysis
Harvard Medical
School
Course Lecturer
Course Lecturer
Course Lecturer
Course Lecturer
Course Lecturer
Teaching Assistant
Teaching Assistant
Teaching Assistant
Lecturer
Teaching Assistant
Course Lecturer
Tutor
ADVISING/MENTORING:
Name
Postdoctoral Fellows
Completed Nitin Jain
Sharon Sagiv
Robin Puett
Jaime Hart
Natalia Palacios
Current Peter James
Thesis Research Advisor
Completed Shakira Franco Suglia
Jaime Hart
Department/Program
Channing Laboratory
OH Program, Environmental Health
EER Program, Environmental Health
EER Program, Environmental Health
Department of Nutrition
Department of Epidemiology
Departments of Environmental Health and
Epidemiology
EER Program, Environmental Health
A-8
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
Yueh-Hsiu Chiu
Kimberly Bertrand
Peter James
Andreas Neophytou
Current Erica Walker
Rachel Banay
Feiby Nassan
Thesis Advisory Committees
C ompl eted Li sa B axter
Nicole Middaugh
Oral Examination Committees
Completed
Lisas Baxter
Melanie Pickett
Jennifer Nguyen
Marie-Abele Bine
Nicole Middaugh
Mi-hye Lee
Ryan Seals
Masters students
Completed
Current
EER Program, Environmental Health
Department of Epidemiology
Departments of Environmental Health and
Epidemiology
Departments of Environmental Health and
Epidemiology
EER Program, Environmental Health
EER Program, Environmental Health
EER Program, Environmental Health
EER Program, Environmental Health
Epidemiology
EER Program, Environmental Health
EER Program, Environmental Health
EER Program, Environmental Health
EER Program, Environmental Health
Epidemiology
EER Program, Environmental Health
EOME Program, Environmental Health
Yueh-Hsiu Chiu
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
David Powers
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
Eric Apeagyei
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
Ceren Barlas
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
Nancy Diao
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
Matthew Grespin
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
Amelia Geggel
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
Kelsey Gleason
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
Ana Sandoval
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
Jina Kim
EER Program,
Environmental
Health
INVITED PRESENTATIONS:
2013
"Chronic Exposure to Fine Particles and Lung Cancer"/Presenter
Scientific Symposium: Links Between Environmental and Occupational Particles in
Neoplasia, American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting, Philadelphia PA
A-9
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
2012 "Place Matters: Best Practices for Measuring the Built Environment and Assessing
Neighborhood Characteristics'VCo-Presenter
Harvard Catalyst, Gene-Environment and Disparities Workshop, Boston MA
2012 "Air Pollution and Built Environment: How Where You Live Affects Your Health" /
Presenter, Frontiers in Spatial Epidemiology: International Symposium, Imperial
College, London
2012 "Built Environment and Obesity and Physical Activity"/Presenter
Annual Conference: Harvard Trans disciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer
Center, Boston MA
2011 "Environmental Risk Factors and Breast Cancer: Examples from the Nurses' Health
Study"/Presenter, Cancer and Environmental Exposures, International Symposium
December 12, 2011, Paris France; The French Agency for Food, Environmental and
Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) and the French National Cancer Institute
(INCa)
2011 "Walkability and Access to Healthy Food'7 Presenter
Workshop: Conceptualizing Gene-Environment Interactions in Obesity Research:
Complex Pathways to Health Disparities, Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics,
Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities. Boston MA
2011 "Location, Location, Location: Where You Live in the US Affects Your Health" /
Presenter, Neighborhood Effects on Health: Is the Grass Healthier on the Other Side?
The Porter School of Environmental Studies, The School of Public Health, Sackler
Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv Israel
2011 "Environmental Health Policy: The Case of Air Pollution and Morbidity/Mortality"
Environmental Pollution Respects No Boundaries, Van Leer Jerusalem Institute,
Jerusalem, Israel
2011 "Challenges and Opportunities in Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer"
The Haifa Bay Municipal Association for Environmental Protection, Haifa, Israel
2011 "Organochlorines and Cancer", Brown University, Providence RI
2010 "Challenges and Opportunities in Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer"
National Institute of Health (NIH) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Joint
Workshop on Environmental Pollution and Cancer in China and the U.S, Guangzhou
China
2007 "Challenges and Opportunities in Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer"
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Washington D.C.
2006 2006 "Update of Harvard Six Cities Study"
Air & Waste Management Association Annual Conference, New Orleans LA
2003 "Air Pollution and Health in Prospective Cohort Studies"
Proceedings of the Society (Proc Soc), Channing Laboratory, Boston MA
2001 Organizer and chair of session at ISEA annual meeting: Source Apportionment of
Particulate Matter and its Application to Health Studies, Charleston SC
A-10
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
2001
2001
"Further Analyses of Mortality and Air Pollution in the Harvard Six Cities Study"
Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Medical School,
Los Angelos CA
"Fine Particles and Risk: Is Diesel Different?"
World Truck Conference, California Trucking Association, Monterey CA
2000
"Organochlorines and Breast Cancer" Department of Epidemiology, School of Public
Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC
1999
"Environment and Cancer" Beta Omicron Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International
and
The Medical College of Georgia School of Nursing, Augusta GA
1997
1999
1999
"Organochlorines and Breast Cancer", Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention, Boston
MA
"DDE, PCBs and Breast Cancer", Harvard Symposium on Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs) Boston MA
"The Environment and Breast Cancer", The Nurses' Health Study Twentieth
Anniversary - Update on Women' Health, Boston MA
1997
"Environment and Cancer", Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston MA
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS
1. Laden F, Wolff MS, Niguidula NJ, Spiegelman D, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ. Reduced
aliquot size for a plasma organochlorine assay for use in epidemiological studies. Cancer
Epidemiology Biomarkers Prev 1997 May; 6(5):333-8. PMTD: 9149893.
2. Laden F, Spiegelman D, Neas LM, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Manson JE, Byrne C,
Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Hunter DJ. Geographic variation in breast cancer incidence rates in
a cohort of U.S. women. JNat'l Cancer Inst 1997 Sept 17; 89:1373-8. PMID: 9308708.
3. Hunter DJ, Hankinson S, Laden F, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Willett WC, Speizer FE,
Wolff MS. Plasma organochlorine levels and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1997
Oct 30;337:1253-8. PMID: 9345073.
4. Laden F, Neas LM, Spiegelman D, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Ireland K, Wolff MS,
Hunter DJ. Predictors of plasma concentrations of DDE and PCBs in a group of U.S.
women. Environ Health Perspect 1999 Jan;107:75-81. PMCID: PMC1566315. PMTD:
9872720.
5. Laden F, Neas LM, Tolbert PE, Holmes MD, Hankinson SE, Spiegelman D, Speizer FE,
Hunter DJ. Electric blanket use and breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study. Amer J
Epidemiol 2000 Jul l;52:41-49. PMID: 10901328.
A-ll
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
6. Laden F, Neas LM, Dockery DW, Schwartz J. Association of fine particulate matter from
different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environ Health Perspect. 2000
Oct;108(10):941-7. PMCID: PMC1240126. PMID: 11049813.
7. Laden F, Hankinson SE, Wolff MS, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Hunter DJ.
Plasma organochlorine levels and the risk of breast cancer: an extended follow-up in the
Nurses' Health Study. Int J Cancer 2001 Feb 15;91:568-574. PMID: 11251983.
8. Laden F, Collman G, Iwamoto K, Alberg, AJ, Berkowitz GS, Freudenheim JL, Hankinson
SE, Helzlsouer KJ, Holford TR, Huang H-Y, Moysich KB, Tessari JD, Wolff MS, Zheng T,
Hunter DJ. l,l-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and polychlorinated biphenyls
and breast cancer: combined analysis of five U.S. studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001 May
16;93:768-776. PMID: 11353787.
9. Schernhammer ES, Laden F, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Kawachi I, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA.
Rotating night shifts and risk of breast cancer in women participating in the Nurses' Health
Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001 Oct 17;93(20): 1563-8. PMID: 11604480.
10. Garshick E, Smith TJ, Laden F. Quantitative assessment of lung cancer risk from diesel
exhaust exposure in the US trucking industry: A feasibility study. In Diesel Epidemiology
Working Group. 2002. Research Directions to Improve Estimates of Human Exposure and
Risk from Diesel Exhaust. Health Effects Institute, Boston MA.
11. Schwartz J, Laden F, Zanobetti A. The concentration-response relation between PM(2.5)
and daily deaths. Environ Health Perspect 2002 Oct; 110(10): 1025-9. PMCID:
PMC 1241029. PMID: 12361928.
12. Laden F, Ishibe N, Hankinson SE, Wolff MS, Gertig DM, Hunter DJ, Kelsey KT.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Cytochrome P450 1 Al, and Breast Cancer Risk in the Nurses'
Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002 Dec;ll:1560-1565. PMID
12496044.
13. Schernhammer ES, Laden F, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Kawachi I, Colditz GA.
Night-shift work and risk of colorectal cancer in the Nurses' Health Study. J Natl Cancer
Inst 2003 Jun 4;95(11):825-8. PMID: 12783938.
14. Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Caron AM. Residence near a major road and respiratory
symptoms in U.S. Veterans. Epidemiology. 2003 Nov; 14(6):728-36. PMCID:
PMC 1242012. PMID: 14569190.
15. Schernhammer ES, Rosner B, Willett WC, Laden F, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE.
Epidemiology of urinary melatonin in women and its relation to other hormones and night
work. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Jun;13(6):936-43. PMID 15184249.
16. Quintana PJ, Delfino RJ, Korrick S, Ziogas A, Kutz FW, Jones EL, Laden F, Garshick E.
Adipose tissue levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and risk
A-12
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Environ Health Perspect 2004 Jun;l 12(8):854-61. PMCID:
PMC 1242012. PMID: 15175172.
17. Lee ML, Whitmore GA, Laden F, Hart JE, Garshick E. Assessing lung cancer risk in
railroad workers using a first hitting time regression model. Environmetrics. 2004
Aug;15(5):501-512. PMCID: PMC1473034. PMID: 16741563.
18. Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Moy ML. Respiratory symptoms and intensity of
occupational dust exposure. Inter Arch Occup Environ Health. 2004 Oct; 77(7):515-20.
PMCID: PMC 1896318. PMID: 15368060.
19. Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Rosner B, Smith TJ, Dockery DW, Speizer FE. Lung cancer
in railroad workers exposed to diesel exhaust. Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov;
112(15): 1539-43. PMCID: PMC1247618. PMID: 15531439.
20. Jain NB, Laden F, Guller U, Shankar A, Kazani S, and Garshick E. Relation between
blood lead levels and childhood anemia in India. Amer J Epidem 2005 May 15;
161(10):968-73. PMID: 15870161.
21. Thurston GD, Kazuhiko I, Mar T, Christensen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden
F, Lall R, Larson TV, Liu H, Neas L, Pinto J, Stolzel M, Suh H, Hopke PK. Workgroup
report: Workshop on source apportionment of particulate matter health effects—
intercomparison of results and implications. Environ Health Perspect 2005 Dec; 113:1768-
1774. PMCID: PMC1314918. PMID: 16330361.
22. Schernhammer ES, Kroenke CH, Laden F, Hankinson SE. Night work and risk of breast
cancer. Epidemiology. 2006 Jan;17(l):108-ll. PMID 16357603.
23. Laden F, Schwartz J, Speizer FE, Dockery DW. Reduction in fine particulate air pollution
and mortality: Extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study. Am J Respir Crit Care
Med. 2006 Mar 15;173(6):667-72. PMCID: PMC2662950. PMID: 16424447.
24. Hopke PK, Ito K, Mar T, Christensen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall
R, Larson TV, Liu H, Neas L, Pinto J, Stolzel M, Suh H, Paatero P, Thurston GD. PM
source apportionment and health effects: 1. Intercomparison of source apportionment
results. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2006 May;16(3):275-86. PMID 16249798.
25. Ito K, Christensen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R, Larson TV, Neas
L, Hopke PK, Thurston GD. PM source apportionment and health effects: 2. An
investigation of intermethod variability in associations between source-apportioned fine
particle mass and daily mortality in Washington, DC. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2006
Jul; 16(4):300-10. PMID: 16304602.
26. Mar TF, Ito K, Koenig JQ, Larson TV, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R,
Neas L, Stolzel M, Paatero P, Hopke PK, Thurston GD. PM source apportionment and
health effects. 3. Investigation of inter-method variations in associations between estimated
A-13
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
source contributions of PM2.5 and daily mortality in Phoenix, AZ. J Expo Sci Environ
Epidemiol. 2006 Jul; 16(4):311-20. PMID: 16288316.
27. Hart JE, Laden F, Schenker MB, Garshick E. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
mortality in diesel-exposed railroad workers. Environ Health Perspect 2006
Jul;114(7):1013-7. PMCID: PMC1513327. PMID: 16835052.
28. Davis ME, Smith TJ, Laden F, Hart JE, Ryan LM, Garshick E. Modeling Particle Exposure
in US Trucking Terminals. Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Jul l;40(13):4226-32. PMCID:
PMC1995567. PMID: 16856739.
29. Smith TJ, Davis ME, Reaser P, Natkin J, Hart JE, Laden F, Heff A, Garshick E. Overview
of particulate exposures in the US trucking industry. J Environ Monit. 2006 Jul;8(7):711-
20. PMCID: PMC 1899154. PMID: 16826284.
30. Laden F, Hart JE, Eschenroeder A, Smith TJ, Garshick E. Historical estimation of diesel
exhaust exposure in a cohort study of railroad workers and lung cancer. Cancer Causes and
Control. 2006 Sep;17(7):911-9. PMCID: PMC1550353. PMID: 16841258.
31. Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Smith TJ, Rosner B. Smoking imputation and lung cancer in
railroad workers exposed to diesel exhaust. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Sep;49(9):709-18.
PMCID: PMC 1945043. PMID: 16767725.
32. Jain NB, Hart JE, Smith TJ, Garshick E, Laden F. Smoking behavior in trucking industry
workers. Am J Ind Med. 2006 Dec;49(12): 1013-20. PMCID: PMC1945044. PMID:
17096359.
33. Garcia R, Hart JE, Davis ME, Reaser P, Natkin J, Laden F, Garshick E, Smith TJ. Effects
of wind on background particle concentrations at truck freight terminals. J Occup Environ
Hyg. 2007 Jan;4(l):36-48. PMCID: PMC2000817. PMID: 17162479.
34. Engel LS, Laden F, Andersen A, Strickland PT, Blair A, Needham LL, Barr DB, Wolff
MS, Helzlsouer K, Hunter DJ, Lan Q, Cantor KP, Comstock GW, Brock JW, Bush D,
Rothman N. Polychlorinated biphenyl levels in peripheral blood and non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma: a report from three cohorts. Cancer Res. 2007 Jun l;67(ll):5545-52. PMID
17545638.
35. Baxter LK, Clougherty JE, Laden F, Levy JI. Predictors of concentrations of nitrogen
dioxide, fine particulate matter, and particle constituents inside of lower socioeconomic
status urban homes. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2007 Aug;17(5):433-44. PMID
17051138.
36. Laden F, Hart JE, Smith TJ, Davis ME, Garshick E. Cause-specific mortality in the
unionized U.S. trucking industry. Environ Health Perspect 2007 Aug; 115(8): 1192-6.
PMCID: PMC 1940099. PMID: 17687446.
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37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Francine Laden, Sc.D.
Davis ME, Blicharz AP, Hart JE, Laden F, Garshick E and Smith TJ. Occupational
Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and Aldehydes in the US Trucking Industry.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Oct 15; 41(20): 7152-58. PMCID: PMC2386139. PMID:
17993162.
Davis ME, Smith TJ, Laden F, Hart JE, Blicharz AP, Reaser, P, and E Garshick. Driver
exposure to combustion particles in the US trucking industry. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007
Nov; 4(11): 848-54. PMCID: PMC2292342. PMID: 17885912.
Schwartz J, Coull B, Laden F, Ryan L. 2007. The effect of dose and timing of dose on the
association between airborne particles and survival. Environ Health Perspect. 2008,
Jan;l 16(l):64-9. PMCID: PMC2199297. PMID: 18197301.
Suglia SF, Ryan L, Laden F, Dockery DW, Wright RJ. Violence Exposure, a Chronic
Psychosocial Stressor, and Childhood Lung Function. Psychosom. Med. 2008
Feb;70(2): 160-9. PMID: 18158365.
Qureshi, AA, Laden F, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ. Geographic Variation and Risk of Skin
Cancer in US Women Differences Between Melanoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and
Basal Cell Carcinoma. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Mar 10;168(5):501-7. PMID: 18332296.
Sheesley RJ, Schauer JJ, Smith TJ, Garshick E, Laden F, Marr LC, Molina LT.
Assessment of diesel particulate matter exposure in the workplace: freight terminals. J.
Environ. Monit. 2008 Mar 10(3):305-14. PMCID: PMC2628448. PMID: 18392272.
Yanosky J, Paciorek C, Schwartz J, Laden F, Puett R, Suh H. Spatio-temporal modeling of
chronic PM10 exposure for the Nurses' Health Study. Atmos Environ. 2008 June;42(18):
4047-4062. PMCID: PMC2705904. PMID: 19584946.
Costenbader KH, Chang SC, Laden F, Puett R, Karlson EW. Geographic Variation in
Rheumatoid Arthritis Incidence among Women in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2008
Aug 11;168(15): 1664-70. PMCID: PMC2732358. PMID: 18695080.
Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Rosner B, Davis ME, Eisen EA, Smith TJ. Lung cancer and
vehicle exhaust in trucking industry workers. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Oct;
116(10): 1327-32. PMCID: PMC2569090. PMID: 18941573.
Puett RC, Schwartz J, Hart JE, Yanosky J, Speizer FE, Suh H, Paciorek C, Neas L, Laden
F. Chronic particulate exposure, mortality, and coronary heart disease in the Nurses' Health
Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Nov 15; 168(10): 1161-8. PMCID: PMC2732957.
PMID: 18835862.
Lee ML, Whitmore GA, Laden F, Hart JE, Garshick E. A Case-Control Study Relating
Railroad Worker Mortality to Diesel Exhaust Exposure Using a Threshold Regression
Model. J Stat Plan Inference. 2009; 139(5): 1633-1642. PMCID: PMC2642623. PMID:
19221608.
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
48. Chiu YH, Hart JE, Smith TJ, Hammond SK, Garshick E, Laden F. Nicotine contamination
in particulate matter sampling. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2009 Feb; 6(2):601-7.
PMCID: PMC2672355. PMID: 19440403.
49. Sobus JR, Waidyanatha S, McClean MD, Herrick RF, Smith TJ, Garshick E, Laden F, Hart
JE, Zheng Y, Rappaport SM. Urinary naphthalene and phenanthrene as biomarkers of
occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Occup Environ Med. 2009
Feb; 66(2):99-104. PMCID: PMC2633650. PMID: 19017700.
50. Sheesley RJ, Schauer JJ, Garshick E, Laden F, Smith TJ, Blicharz AP, Deminter JT.
Tracking personal exposure to particulate diesel exhaust in a diesel freight terminal using
organic tracer analysis. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009 Feb 19(2): 172-86. PMCID:
PMC2628448. PMID: 18322451.
51. Hart JE, Laden F, Eisen EA, Smith TJ, Garshick E. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
mortality in railroad workers. Occup Environ Med. 2009 Apr; 66(4):221-6. PMCID:
PMC2658724. PMID: 19039098.
52. Paciorek CJ, Yanosky JD, Puett RC, Laden F, Suh HH. Practical Large-Scale Spatio-
Temporal Modeling of Particulate Matter Concentrations. Annals Appl Stats. 2009; 3(1):
370-397.
53. Davis ME, Laden F, Hart JE, Garshick E, Blicharz AP, Smith TJ. Predicting changes in
PM exposure over time at US trucking terminals using structural equation modeling
techniques. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2009 Jul; 6(7):396-403. PMCID: PMC2719815. PMID:
19367483.
54. Hart JE, Laden F, Puett RC, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW. Exposure to Traffic Pollution
and Increased Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Jul; 117(7):
1065-9. PMCID: PMC2717131. PMID: 19654914.
55. Puett RC, Hart JE, Yanosky JD, Schwartz J, Paciorek CJ, Suh H, Speizer FE, Laden F.
Chronic Fine and Coarse Particulate Exposure, Mortality and Coronary Heart Disease in the
Nurses' Health Study. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Nov;117(ll):1697-701. PMCID:
PMC2801178. PMID: 20049120.
56. Hart JE, Yanosky JD, Puett RC, Ryan LM, Dockery DW, Smith TJ, Garshick E, Laden F.
Spatial Modeling of PM10 and N02 in the Continental US, 1985-2000. Environ Health
Perspect. 2009 Nov; 117(11): 1690-6. PMCID: PMC2801201. PMID: 20049118.
57. Bertrand KA, Spiegelman D, Aster JC, Altshul LM, Korrick SA, Rodig SJ, Zhang SM,
Kurth T, Laden F. Plasma organochlorine levels and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a
cohort of men. Epidemiology. 2010; 21(2): 172-180. PMCID: PMC2957873. PMID:
20087190.
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
58. Baxter LK, Wright RJ, Paciorek CJ, Laden F, Suh HH, Levy JI. Effects of exposure
measurement error in the analysis of health effects from traffic-related air pollution. J Expo
Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2010 Jan;20(l): 101-11. PMID: 19223939.
59. Chiu YH, Hart JE, Spiegelman D, Garshick E, Smith TJ, Dockery DW, Hammond SK,
Laden F. Workplace secondhand smoke exposure in the US trucking industry.
Environmental Health Perspectives. 2010 Feb;l 18(2):216-21. PMCID: PMC2831920.
PMID: 20123606.
60. Weisskopf MG, Knekt P, O'Reilly EJ, Lyytinen J, Reunanen A, Laden F, Altshul L,
Ascherio A. Persistent organochlorine pesticides in serum and risk of Parkinson disease.
Neurology. 2010 Mar 30;74(13): 1055-61. PMCID: PMC2848105. PMID: 20350979.
61. Davis ME, Laden F, Hart JE, Garshick E, Smith TJ. Economic activity and trends in
ambient air pollution. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 May;l 18(5):614-9. PMCID:
PMC2866675. PMID: 20056563.
62. Laden F, Bertrand KA, Altshul L, Aster J, Korrick S, Sagiv SK. Plasma organochlorine
levels and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Nurses' Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev. 2010 May;19(5):1381-4. PMCID: PMC2866053. PMID: 20406963.
63. Helzlsouer KJ; VDPP Steering Committee. Overview of the Cohort Consortium Vitamin
D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Jul l;172(l):4-9. PMCID:
PMC2892542.
64. Purdue MP, Freedman DM, Gapstur SM, Helzlsouer KJ, Laden F, Lim U, Maskarinec G,
Rothman N, Shu X, Stevens VL, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Albanes D, Bertrand K, Weinstein
SJ, Yu K, Irish L, Horst RL, Hoffman Bolton J, Giovannucci EL, Kolonel LN, Snyder K,
Willett W, Arslan AA, Hayes RB, Zheng W, Bing Xiang Y, Hartge P. Circulating 25-
hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D
Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Jul l;172(l):58-69. PMCID:
PMC2892540. PMID: 20562184.
65. Gallicchio L, Helzlsouer KJ, Chow W-H, Freedman DM, Hankinson SE, Hartge P,
Hartmuller V, Harvey C, Hayes RB, Horst RL, Koenig KL, Kolonel LN, Laden F,
McCullough ML, Parisi D, Purdue MP, Shu X, Snyder K, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ,
Tworoger SS, Varanasi A, Virtamo J, Wilkens LR, Xiang Y, Yu K, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A,
Zheng W, Abnet CC, Albanes D, Bertrand K, Weinstein SJ. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin
D and the Risk of Rarer Cancers: Design and Methods of the Cohort Consortium Vitamin D
Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Jul 1; 172(1): 10-20. PMCID:
PMC2892539. PMID: 20562188.
66. McCullough ML, Weinstein SJ, Freedman DM, Helzlsouer K, Flanders WD, Koenig K,
Kolonel L, Laden F, Le Marchand L, Purdue M, Snyder K, Stevens VL, Stolzenberg-
Solomon R, Virtamo J, Yang G, Yu K, Zheng W, Albanes D, Ashby J, Bertrand K, Cai H,
Chen Y, Gallicchio L, Giovannucci E, Jacobs EJ, Hankinson SE, Hartge P, Hartmuller V,
Harvey C, Hayes RB, Horst R, Shu X. Correlates of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D:
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Jul
l;172(l):21-35. PMCID: PMC2892536. PMID: 20562191.
67. Vieira VM, Hart JE, Webster TF, Weinberg J, Puett R, Laden F, Costenbader KH, Karlson
EW. Association between Residences in U.S. Northern Latitudes and Rheumatoid Arthritis:
A Spatial Analysis of the Nurses' Health Study. Environ Health Perspect. 2010
Jul; 118(7):957-61. PMCID: PMC2920915. PMID: 20338859.
68. Kim D, Masyn KE, Kawachi I, Laden F, Colditz GA. Neighborhood socioeconomic status
and behavioral pathways to risks of colon and rectal cancer in women. Cancer. 2010 Sep
1;116(17):4187-96. PMCID: PMC2962923. PMID: 20544839.
69. Abel GA, Bertrand KA, Earle CC, Laden F. Outcomes for lymphoid malignancies in the
Nurses' Health Study (NHS) as compared to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End
Results (SEER) Program. Hematol Oncol. 2010 Sep;28(3): 133-6. PMCID: PMC2946462.
PMID: 19866451.
70. Bertrand KA, Birmann BM, Chang ET, Spiegelman D, Aster JC, Zhang SM, Laden F. A
prospective study of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Blood 2010 Nov 4; 116(18):3547-53. PMCID: PMC2981477. PMID: 20647565.
71. Hart JE, Garshick E, Dockery DW, Smith TJ, Ryan LM, Laden F. Long-term ambient
multipollutant exposures and mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan;183(l): 73-8.
PMCID: PMC3040395. PMID: 20656944.
72. Puett RC, Hart JE, Schwartz J, Hu FB, Liese AD, Laden F. Are Particulate Matter
Exposures Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes? Environ Health Perspect. 2011
Mar; 119(3):384-9. PMCID: PMC3060003. PMID: 21118784.
73. Davis ME, Hart JE, Laden F, Garshick E, Smith TJ. A retrospective assessment of
occupational exposure to elemental carbon in the US trucking industry. Environ Health
Perspect. 2011 Jul;119(7):997-1002. PMCID: PMC3222985. PMID: 21447452.
74. Puett RC, Hart JE, Suh H, Mittleman M, Laden F. Particulate matter exposures, mortality,
and cardiovascular disease in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Environ Health
Perspect. 2011 Aug; 119(8): 1130-5. PMCID: PMC3237347. PMID: 21454146.
75. Chiu YH, Spiegelman D, Dockery DW, Garshick E, Hammond SK, Smith TJ, Hart JE,
Laden F. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Inflammatory Markers in Non-smokers in the
Trucking Industry. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Sep; 119(9): 1294-300. PMCID:
PMC3230397. PMID: 21628108.
76. Troped PJ, Tamura K, Whitcomb H, Laden F. Perceived Built Environment and Physical
Activity in U.S. Women by Sprawl and Region. Am J Prev Med. 2011 Nov;41(5):473-9.
PMID: 22011417.
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
77. Bertrand KA, Chang ET, Abel GA, Zhang SM, Spiegelman D, Qureshi AA, Laden F.
Sunlight exposure, vitamin D, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Nurses' Health
Study. Cancer Cause & Control. 2011 Dec;22(12): 1731-41. PMCID: PMC3240999. PMID:
21987081.
78. Weuve J, Puett RC, Schwartz J, Yanosky JD, Laden F*, Grodstein F*. Exposure to
particulate air pollution and cognitive decline in older women. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Feb
13;172(3):219-27. PMCID: PMC3622279. PMID: 22332151 (*contributed equally)
79. Wei-Passanese EX, Han J, Lin W, Li T, Laden F, Qureshi AA. Geographical variation in
residence and risk of multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers in US women and men.
Photochem Photobiol. 2012 Mar-Apr;88(2):483-9. PMID: 22211791.
80. Lepeule J, Laden F, Dockery DW, Schwartz J. Chronic exposure to fine particles and
mortality: an extended follow-up of the Harvard Six cities Study from 1974 to 2009.
Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jul;120(7):965-70. PMCID: PMC3404667 PMID:
22456598.
81. Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Davis ME, Eisen EA, Smith TJ. Lung Cancer and Elemental
Carbon Exposure in Trucking Industry Workers. Environ Health Perspect. 2012
Sept; 120(9): 1301-6. PMCID: PMC3440130. PMID:22739103.
82. Hart JE, Wu T, Laden F, Garshick E. Plasma fluorescent oxidation products and short-term
occupational particulate exposures. Am J Ind Med. 2012 Oct;55(10):953-60. PMCID:
PMC3439587. PMID: 22618714.
83. Bertrand KA, Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Malspeis S, Eliassen AH, Wu K, Holmes MD, Laden
F, Feskanich D. Determinants of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and development of
prediction models in three US cohorts. Br J Nutr. 2012 Nov 28;108(10):1889-96. PMCID:
PMC3346859. PMID: 22264926.
84. Weisskopf MG, Knekt P, O'Reilly EJ, Lyytinen J, Reunanen A, Laden F, Altshul L,
Ascherio A. Polychlorinated biphenyls in prospectively collected serum and Parkinson's
disease risk. Mov. Disord. 2012 Nov;27(13): 1659-65. PMCID: PMC3510340. PMID:
23044514.
85. Smith TJ, Davis ME, Hart JE, Blicharz A, Laden F, Garshick E; HEI Health Review
Committee. Potential Air Toxics Hot Spots in Truck Terminals and Cabs. Res Rep Health
Eff Inst. 2012 Dec;(172):5-82. PMID: 23409510.
86. Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K,
Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Ackerman I, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Ali
MK, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM,
Bahalim AN, Barker-Collo S, Barrero LH, Bartels DH, Basanez MG, Baxter A, Bell ML,
Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bernabe E, Bhalla K, Bhandari B, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A,
Birbeck G, Black JA, Blencowe H, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Bonaventure A, Boufous
S, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bridgett L, Brooker S, Brooks P,
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Buckle G, Budke CM, Burch M,
Burney P, Burstein R, Calabria B, Campbell B, Canter CE, Carabin H, Carapetis J,
Carmona L, Cella C, Charlson F, Chen H, Cheng AT, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE,
Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M,
Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC,
Dahiya M, Dahodwala N, Damsere-Derry J, Danaei G, Davis A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L,
Dellavalle R, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Derrett S, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD,
Dherani M, Diaz-Torne C, Dolk H, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Edmond K,
Elbaz A, Ali SE, Erskine H, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ewoigbokhan SE, Farzadfar F, Feigin
V, Felson DT, Ferrari A, Ferri CP, Fevre EM, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flood L, Foreman
K, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabbe BJ, Gabriel SE,
Gakidou E, Ganatra HA, Garcia B, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gmel G, Gonzalez-Medina D,
Gosselin R, Grainger R, Grant B, Groeger J, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, Gupta R, Haagsma J,
Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hall W, Haring D, Haro JM, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ,
Higashi H, Hill C, Hoen B, Hoffman H, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Huang JJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacobsen
KH, James SL, Jarvis D, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Jonas JB, Karthikeyan G,
Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Keren A, Khoo JP, King CH, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O,
Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Laden F, Lalloo R, Laslett LL, Lathlean T, Leasher JL,
Lee YY, Leigh J, Levinson D, Lim SS, Limb E, Lin JK, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Liu W,
Loane M, Ohno SL, Lyons R, Mabweijano J, Maclntyre MF, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L,
Manivannan S, Marcenes W, March L, Margolis DJ, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A,
Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGill N, McGrath J,
Medina-Mora ME, Meltzer M, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Meyer AC, Miglioli V, Miller
M, Miller TR, Mitchell PB, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Moffitt TE, Mokdad AA, Monasta L,
Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moran A, Morawska L, Mori R, Murdoch ME, Mwaniki
MK, Naidoo K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nelson PK, Nelson RG, Nevitt MC,
Newton CR, Nolte S, Norman P, Norman R, O'Donnell M, O'Hanlon S, Olives C, Omer
SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Page A, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Patten
SB, Pearce N, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Phillips D, Phillips MR,
Pierce K, Pion S, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pope CA 3rd, Popova S, Porrini E, Pourmalek
F, Prince M, Pullan RL, Ramaiah KD, Ranganathan D, Razavi H, Regan M, Rehm JT, Rein
DB, Remuzzi G, Richardson K, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, De Leon FR, Ronfani
L, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Saha S, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L,
Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Segui-Gomez M, Shahraz S, Shepard DS, Shin H,
Shivakoti R, Singh D, Singh GM, Singh JA, Singleton J, Sleet DA, Sliwa K, Smith E,
Smith JL, Stapelberg NJ, Steer A, Steiner T, Stolk WA, Stovner LJ, Sudfeld C, Syed S,
Tamburlini G, Tavakkoli M, Taylor HR, Taylor JA, Taylor WJ, Thomas B, Thomson WM,
Thurston GD, Tleyjeh IM, Tonelli M, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Tsilimbaris MK, Ubeda C,
Undurraga EA, van der Werf MJ, van Os J, Vavilala MS, Venketasubramanian N, Wang M,
Wang W, Watt K, Weatherall DJ, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Weisskopf MG, Weissman
MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiebe N, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC,
Williams SR, Witt E, Wolfe F, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Zaidi AK, Zheng ZJ, Zonies
D, Lopez AD. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21
regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
Lancet. 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2197-223. PMID: 23245608.
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
87. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, Amann M, Anderson
HR, Andrews KG, Aryee M, Atkinson C, Bacchus LJ, Bahalim AN, Balakrishnan K,
Balmes J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Bell ML, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bonner C, Borges G,
Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer M, Brooks P, Bruce NG, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock
C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnett RT, Byers TE, Calabria B, Carapetis J,
Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson F, Chen H, Chen JS, Cheng AT, Child JC, Cohen A, Colson
KE, Cowie BC, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dentener F, Des Jarlais DC,
Devries K, Dherani M, Ding EL, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali SE, Engell RE,
Erwin PJ, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Fowkes
FG, Freedman G, Freeman MK, Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K,
Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez HR, Hall W, Hoek HW, Hogan A, Hosgood HD
3rd, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell BJ, Hutchings SJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacklyn GL, Jasrasaria R, Jonas
JB, Kan H, Kanis JA, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang YH, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo JP,
Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin JK,
Lipshultz SE, London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Marcenes
W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, McGrath J, Mehta S, Mensah GA, Merriman
TR, Micha R, Michaud C, Mishra V, Hanafiah KM, Mokdad AA, Morawska L,
Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Neal B, Nelson PK, Nolla JM, Norman R, Olives
C, Omer SB, Orchard J, Osborne R, Ostro B, Page A, Pandey KD, Parry CD, Passmore E,
Patra J, Pearce N, Pelizzari PM, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Pope D, Pope CA 3rd, Powles J,
Rao M, Razavi H, Rehfuess EA, Rehm JT, Ritz B, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C,
Rodriguez-Portales JA, Romieu I, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Roy A, Rushton L, Salomon JA,
Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Sapkota A, Seedat S, Shi P, Shield K, Shivakoti
R, Singh GM, Sleet DA, Smith E, Smith KR, Stapelberg NJ, Steenland K, Stockl H,
Stovner LJ, Straif K, Straney L, Thurston GD, Tran JH, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A,
Veerman JL, Vijayakumar L, Weintraub R, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H,
Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams W, Wilson N, Woolf AD, Yip P,
Zielinski JM, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Ezzati M, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA. A
comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors
and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global
Burden of Disease Study of 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2224-60. PMID: 23245609.
88. Ben-Joseph E, Lee JS, Cromley EK, Laden F, Troped PJ. Virtual and actual: Relative
accuracy of on-site and web-based instruments in auditing the environment for physical
activity. Health Place. 2013 Jan;19:138-50. PMID 23247423. [PubMed - in process]
89. Wu H, Bertrand KA, Choi AL, Hu FB, Laden F, Grandjean P, Sun Q. Persistent Organic
Pollutants and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Analysis in the Nurses' Health Study and
Meta-analysis. Env Health Perspect 2013 Feb; 121(2): 153-61. PMCID: PMC3569682.
PMID: 23131992.
90. James P, Troped PJ, Hart JE, Joshu CE, Brownson RC, Ewing R, Laden F. Urban sprawl,
physical activity, and body mass index: Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Feb;103(2):369-75. PMCID: PMC3558772. PMID 22698015.
91. Laden F, Chiu Y-H, Garshick E, Hammond SK, Hart JE. A cross-sectional study of
secondhand smoke exposure and respiratory symptoms in non-current smokers in the U.S.
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trucking industry: SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms. BMC Public Health. 2013 Feb
1; 13:93. PMCID: PMC3655928. PMID: 23368999
92. Arkema EV, Hart JE, Bertrand KA, Laden F, Grodstein F, Rosner B, Karlson EW,
Costenbader KH. Exposure to Ultraviolet-B and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis
among women in the Nurses' Health Study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2013
Apr;72(4):506-11. PMCID: PMC3678095. PMID: 23380431.
93. Neophytou AM, Yiallouros P, Coull BA, Kleanthous S, Pavlou P, Pashiardis S, Dockery
DW, Koutrakis P, Laden F. Particulate matter concentrations during desert dust outbreaks
and daily mortality in Nicosia, Cyprus. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2013 May-
Jun;23(3):275-80. PMID: 23423218
94. Hart JE, Kallberg H, Laden F, Bellander T, Costenbader KH, Holmqvist M, Klareskog L,
Alfredsson L, Karlson EW. Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of rheumatoid
arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013
Jun;72(6):888-94. PMCID: PMC3659202. PMID: 22833374.
95. Roberts AL, Lyall K, Hart JE, Laden F, Just AC, Bobb JF, Koenen KC, Ascherio A,
Weisskopf MG. 2013. Perinatal air pollutant exposures and autism spectrum disorder in the
children of Nurses' Health Study II participants. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2013
Jun: 121:978-984. PMID 23803416 [PubMed-in process]
96. Hart JE, Kallberg H, Laden F, Costenbader KH, Yanosky JD, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L,
Karlson EW. Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis
Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Jul; 65(7): 1190-6. PMID: 23401426
97. Berndt SI, Skibola CF, Joseph V, Camp NJ, Meters A, Wang Z, Cozen W, Monnereau A,
Wang SS, Kelly RS, Lan Q, Teras LR, Chatterjee N, Chung CC, Yeager M, Brooks-Wilson
AR, Hartge P, Purdue MP, Birmann BM, Armstrong BK, Cocco P, Zhang Y, Severi G,
Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Lawrence C, Burdette L, Yuenger J, Hutchinson A, Jacobs KB, Call
TG, Shanafelt TD, Novak AJ, Kay NE, Liebow M, Wang AH, Smedby KE, Adami HO,
Melbye M, Glimelius B, Chang ET, Glenn M, Curtin K, Cannon-Albright LA, Jones B,
Diver WR, Link BK, Weiner GJ, Conde L, Bracci PM, Riby J, Holly EA, Smith MT,
Jackson RD, Tinker LF, Benavente Y, Becker N, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Foretova L,
Maynadie M, McKay J, Staines A, Rabe KG, Achenbach SJ, Vachon CM, Goldin LR,
Strom SS, Lanasa MC, Spector LG, Leis JF, Cunningham JM, Weinberg JB, Morrison VA,
Caporaso NE, Norman AD, Linet MS, De Roos AJ, Morton LM, Severson RK, Riboli E,
Vineis P, Kaaks R, Trichopoulos D, Masala G, Weiderpass E, Chirlaque MD, Vermeulen
RC, Travis RC, Giles GG, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Clavel J, Zheng T, Holford
TR, Offit K, Zelenetz A, Klein RJ, Spinelli JJ, Bertrand KA, Laden F, Giovannucci E,
Kraft P, Kricker A, Turner J, Vajdic CM, Ennas MG, Ferri GM, Miligi L, Liang L,
Sampson J, Crouch S, Park JH, North KE, Cox A, Snowden JA, Wright J, Carracedo A,
Lopez-Otin C, Bea S, Salaverria I, Martin-Garcia D, Campo E, Fraumeni JF Jr, de Sanjose
S, Hjalgrim H, Cerhan JR, Chanock SJ, RothmanN, Slager SL. Genome-wide association
study identifies multiple risk loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Genet. 2013
Aug;45(8):868-76. PMCID: PMC3729927. PMID: 23770605.
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
98. Bertrand KA, Giovannucci E, Zhang SM, Laden F, Rosner BA, Birmann BM. A
prospective analysis of body size during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood and risk of
non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Aug;6(8):864-73. PMTD:
23803416. [PubMed - in process]
99. Hart JE, Garshick E, Smith TJ, Davis ME, Laden F. Ischaemic heart disease mortality and
years of work in trucking industry workers. Occup Environ Med. 2013 Aug;70(8):523-8.
PMID: 22992341.
100. Link MS, Luttmann-Gibson H, Schwartz J, Mittleman MA, Wessler B, Gold DR, Dockery
DW, Laden F. Acute Exposure to Air Pollution Triggers Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll
Cardiol. 2013 Aug 27;62(9):816-25. PMID: 23770178 [PubMed - in process]
101. Hart JE, Rimm EB, Rexrode, KM, Laden F. Changes in Traffic Exposure and the Risk of
Incident Myocardial Infarction and All-Cause Mortality. Epidemiology. 2013
Sep;24(5):734-42. PMID: 23877047. [PubMed - in process]
102. Troped PJ, Starnes HA, Puett RC, Tamura K, Cromley EK, James P, Ben-Joseph E, Melly
SJ, Laden F. Relationships Between the Built Environment and Walking and Weight Status
Among Older Women in Three U.S. States. J Aging Phys Act. 2013 Mar 26. [Epub ahead
of print], PMID: 23538637
103. Mahalingaiah S*, Hart JE*, Laden F, Missmer SA. Association of air pollution exposures
and risk of endometriosis in the Nurses' Health Study II. Enviro Health Perspect 2013 Nov
13. [Epub ahead of print], (*Co-first authors). PMID: 24225723
104. Nguyen J, Laden F, Link M, Schwartz J, Luttman-Gibson H, Dockery D. Weather and
Triggering of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Implantable Cardiovascular-
Defibrillators. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2013 Oct 30. [Epub ahead of print], PMTD:
24169878
105. Neophytou AM, Hart JE, Cavallari JM, Smith TJ, Dockery DW, Coull BA, Garshick E,
Laden F. Traffic-related exposures and biomarkers of systemic inflammation, endothelial
activation and oxidative stress: a panel study in the US trucking industry. Environ Health.
2013 Dec 7; 12(1): 105. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 24314116
106. Palacios N, Fitzgerald K, Roberts AL, Weisskopf M, Schwarzschild MA, Laden F,
Ascherio A. Exposure to Airborne Metals and Risk of Parkinson Disease in a Prospective
Study of US Women. Environ Health Perspect (provisionally accepted)
107. Wu S, Han J, Vleugels R, Puett R, Laden F, Hunter D, and Qureshi A. Cumulative
ultraviolet radiation flux in adulthood and risk of incident skin cancers in women. BJ
Cancer (in press)
108. Kioumourtzoglou MA, Spiegelman S, Szpiro AA, Sheppard L, Kaufman JD, Yanosky JD,
Williams R, Laden F, Hong B, and Suh HH. Exposure Measurement Error in PM2.5 Health
Effects Studies: A Pooled Analysis of Eight Personal Exposure Validation Studies. Environ
Health. 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
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OTHER NON-PEER REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS
1. Laden F. Occupational exposure: fluorescent in spotlight. Indoor Pollution Law Report
1992;6:1,5.
2. Laden F, Gray GM. Toxic use reduction: pros and cons. Risk: Issues in Health and Safety
1993; 4:213-34.
3. Laden F, Hunter DJ. Environmental risk factors and female breast cancer. Ann Rev Pub
Health 1998;19:101-23. PubMedPMID: 9611614.
4. Laden F. Book review: The Melatonin Hypothesis: Breast Cancer and Use of Electric
Power" (RG Stevens, BW Wilson, LE Anderson, eds). The Physiologist 1999; 42:155.
5. Laden F. Electric and Magnetic Fields. In: Colditz GA, Hunter DJ eds. Cancer Prevention -
Cancer Causes. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000.
6. Laden F, Stampfer MJ, Walker AM. Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma among male
automobile mechanics: a review. Reviews on Env Health. 2004;19(1):39-61. PubMed
PMID: 15186039.
7. Megdal SP, Kroenke CH, Laden F, Pukkala E, Schernhammer ES. Night work and breast
cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41(13):2023-32.
PubMedPMID: 16084719.
8. Costenbader K, Laden F. What do pesticides, farming, and dose effects have to do with the
risk of developing connective tissue disease? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken).
2011;63(2): 175-7. PubMed PMID: 20890975.
9. Laden F, Winkelmayer WC. Editorial: Air Pollution and Coronary Risk in Kidney
Transplant Recipients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58(4):506-507. PubMed PMID 21944961.
10. Laden F, Neas LM. Current State of the Evidence: Air Pollution Impacts on Human
Health. EM Magazine 2011 Nov.:8-13.
11. Hart JE, Eisen EA, Laden F. Occupational diesel exhaust exposure as a risk factor for
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2012; 18(2): 151-4. PubMed
PMID: 22234274.
12. James P, Troped PJ, Laden F. The Impact of the Built Environment on Health. In:
Goldman MB, Troisi R, Rexrode KM eds. Women and Health, Second Edition. Waltham
MA: Academic Press.
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
SELECTED ABSTRACTS
1. James P, Hart JE, Subramanian SV, Dominici F, Troped PJ, Spengler JD, Laden F. Urban
sprawl and the risk of overweight and obesity in the Nurses' Health Study. Society for
Epidemiologic Research 2011, Montreal, Canada.
2. Liao X, Spiegelman D, Hart JE, Hong B, Puett RC, Suh H, Laden F. An application of a
risk set calibration method to a study of air pollution effects on all cause mortality in the
Nurses' Health Study. International Society for Environmental Epidemiology 2011
Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
3. Hart JE, Feskanich D, Puett RC, Yanosky JD, Laden F. Is the association of air pollution
with incident coronary heart disease or all-cause mortality modified by a healthy lifestyle?
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology 2011 Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
4. Laden F, Hart JE, Puett RC, Schwartz J, Speizer FE, Dockery DW. Exposure to PM2.5 and
cause-specific mortality risk in additional follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities Study:
Identification of susceptible sub-populations. International Society for Environmental
Epidemiology 2011 Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
5. Tamura K, Puett RC, Whitcomb HA, Hart JE, Laden F, Troped PJ. Are obesity and
overweight clustered? Spatial examination of older women in three states. International
Society for Environmental Epidemiology 2011 Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
6. James P, Hart JE, Troped PJ, Laden F. Urban sprawl and body mass index: A fixed-effects
analysis in two cohorts of older women in the United States. International Society for
Environmental Epidemiology 2011 Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
7. Tamura K, Puett RC, Starnes HA, Hart JE, Laden F, Troped PJ. Does physical activity
spatially cluster? Preliminary findings from an analysis of older women living in three US
states. American Public Health Association 2011 Conference, Washington, DC.
8. Hart JE, Feskanich D, Puett RC, Yanosky JD, Laden F. The association of PM2.5 and all-
cause mortality and possible effect modification by diet, alcohol, and physical activity.
Epidemiology. 22(5S): S-727, 2012. (Winner of an ISEENew Investigator Conference
Abstract Award)
9. Hart JE, Brookhart MA, Winkelmayer WC, Laden F. The effect of air pollution on
hemoglobin levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. Epidemiology. 22(5S):S-726,
2012.
10. James P, Hart JE, Dominici F, Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Subramanian SV, Troped PT,
Laden F. Impact of sprawl on chronic disease risk in a cohort of older women.
Epidemiology. 22(5S): S-575, 2012.
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
11. Neophytou A, Hart JE, Cavallari J, Smith TJ, Garshick E, Laden F. Short-term personal
traffic-related exposures and biomarkers of systemic inflammation and endothelial
activation. Epidemiology. 22(5S): S-427, 2012.
12. Tamura K, Puett RC, Hart JE, Starnes HA, Laden F, Troped PJ. Comparisons of Built
Environment Characteristics Inside and Outside Spatial Clusters of Physical Activity and
Obesity in Older U.S. Women. American Heart Association Epidemiology, Nutrition, and
Prevention (EPI-NAM) Conference 2012, New Orleans, LA.
13. James P, Berrigan D, Hart JE, Hoehner CM, Kerr J, Major JM, Oka M, Laden F. Effects of
buffer size and shape on associations between the built environment and energy balance.
Active Living Research 2013 Annual Conference, San Diego, CA.
14. James P, Hart JE, Laden F, Subramanian SV. Neighborhood self-selection: The role of pre-
move health status on the post-move socioeconomic environment. Society for
Epidemiologic Research 2013 Conference, Boston, MA.
15. James P, Hart JE, Subramanian SV, Laden F. Neighborhood self-selection: The role of pre-
move health status on the post-move built environment. Society for Epidemiologic
Research 2013 Conference, Boston, MA.
16. Palmer V, Hart JE, Garshick E, Smith TJ, Laden F. Trace metal exposure and
inflammatory biomarkers in a cohort of US trucking industry workers. 2013 Conference of
the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the International Society
of Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and
Climate (ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ Health Perspect;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
17. Hart JE, Prescott J, De Vivo I, Laden F. A cross-sectional assessment of ambient air
pollution exposure and leukocyte telomere length in US women. 2013 Conference of the
International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the International Society of
Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate
(ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ Health Perspect;
http://dx.doi.ore/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
18. Hart JE, Rexrode KM, Prescott J, De Vivo I, Laden F. Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution
and Changes in Leukocyte Telomere Length in US Women. 2013 Conference of the
International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the International Society of
Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate
(ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ Health Perspect;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
19. Hart JE, Chiuve SE, Laden F, Albert CM. Roadway Proximity and the Risk of Myocardial
Infarction, Nonsudden Fatal Coronary Heart Disease, and Sudden Cardiac Death. 2013
Conference of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the
International Society of Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society of Indoor
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ
Health Perspect; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
20. Puett RC, Hart JE, Yanosky JD, Speigelman D, Laden F. Chronic particulate matter
exposures and lung cancer in the Nurses' Health Study cohort. 2013 Conference of the
International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the International Society of
Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate
(ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ Health Perspect;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
21. James P, Hart JE, Laden F. Prospective effects of the built environment on walking and
weight gain. 2013 Conference of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology
(ISEE), the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society
of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013.
Environ Health Perspect; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
22. James P, Hart JE, Laden F. The association between walkability and particulate air
pollution. 2013 Conference of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology
(ISEE), the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society
of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013.
Environ Health Perspect; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
23. Palacios N, Fitzgerald K, Hart JE, Munger K, Ascherio A, Laden F. Particulate matter air
pollution and risk of multiple sclerosis in a large study of female nurses. 2013 Conference
of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the International
Society of Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society of Indoor Air Quality
and Climate (ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ Health
Perspect; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
24. Neophytou AM, Hart JE, Chang Y, Zhang J, Smith TJ, Garshick E, Laden F. Short-term
personal traffic-related exposures and biomarkers of nitro-PAH exposure and oxidative
DNA damage. 2013 Conference of the International Society of Environmental
Epidemiology (ISEE), the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES), and the
International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), August 19-23, 2013,
Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ Health Perspect;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
25. Neophytou AM, Hart JE, Eisen EA, Garshick E, Laden F. A structural approach to
analyzing occupational cohorts: The healthy-worker survivor effect and an application in
the Trucking Industry Cohort. 2013 Conference of the International Society of
Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the International Society of Exposure Science
(ISES), and the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), August
19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ Health Perspect;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
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Francine Laden, Sc.D.
26. Raz R, Roberts AL, Lyall K, Hart JE, Just AC, Laden F, Ascherio A, Weisskopf MG.
Exposure to particulate matter air pollution during pregnancy is associated with increased
risk for autism spectrum disorder. 2013 Conference of the International Society of
Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the International Society of Exposure Science
(ISES), and the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), August
19-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland. 2013. Environ Health Perspect;
http://dx.doi.ore/10.1289/ehp.ehbasell3.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Curriculum Vitae
James Russell Roberts MD, MPH
Work Address:
Division of General Pediatrics
135 Rutledge Avenue, PO Box 250561
Charleston, SC 29425
843-876-8512
843-876-8709 (fax)
rob ertsj @musc. edu
Citizenship: USA
Education
1984-1988 Bachelor of Science, summa cum laude, Biology; 1988. McMurry College,
Abilene, Texas
1988-1992 Doctor of Medicine; 1992. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center,
Lubbock, Texas
1992-1995 Pediatric Internship and Residency, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
1995-1997 General Academic Pediatrics Fellow. University of Alabama at Birmingham School of
Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
1995-1997 Master of Public Health, Maternal and Child Health. University of Alabama at
Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama
Board Certification
1995-Present American Board of Pediatrics
Licensure
11/92-Present Texas State Board of Medical Examiners, Physicians Permit, J4482
5/97- Present State Board of Medical Examiners of South Carolina, Physician's License, 19217
Faculty Appointment:
1995-1997 Instructor, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham,
Alabama
1997-2003 Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina
2003-2011 Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina
2012-Present Professor of Pediatrics with Tenure, Medical University of South Carolina
Administrative Appointments:
2008-Present Director, South Carolina Pediatric Practice Research Network
2008-Present Director, Frontiers in Pediatrics, Annual CME Course
2000-2005 Medical Director, 8D Infant and Toddler Unit
2003-Present Faculty Advisor, Public Health Student Interest Group
2012-Present Appointments, Promotion, and Tenure Committee, MUSC Col. of Medicine
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Medical University of South Carolina Hospital
Charleston Memorial Hospital
Children's Hospital of Alabama
University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital
Hospital Privileges:
1997-Present Active
1997-Present Active
1995-1997 Inactive
1995-1997 Inactive
Other Professional Experience
State/Local:
1996-1997 State Lead Consultant, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
1998- Present Consultant to South Carolina Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, Charleston, South
Carolina
1999-2006 South Carolina Lead Poisoning Advisory Committee
2000-2006 Medical Director, Infant/Toddler Unit, Medical University of South Carolina,
Charleston, South Carolina
National:
1997-2002 Children's Environmental Health Network, Education Committee
2002-Present Children's Environmental Health Network, Science Committee
2011-Present Chair, Children's Environmental Health Network, Science Committee
2011-Present Member of Board of Directors, Children's Environmental Health Network
2004-2010 Ex-officio Board Member, National Environmental Education Foundation (NEEF)
2003-2005 Chair, Steering Committee for National Environmental Education Training
Foundation, Environmental Management of Asthma
2005-Present Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee (Federal
Advisory Committee)
Professional Society Memberships
National/Regional:
1997-Present
2002-2009
2003-2009
2003-2009
1997-Present
1999-2004
2008-present
1999-Present
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Fellow
AAP, National Committee on Environmental Health,
AAP, Chair, Nexus (Section) on Environmental Health
Chair, Education subcommittee on Environmental Health
Ambulatory Pediatric Association (now known as Academic Pediatric Association)
Co-Chair, Environmental Health Special Interest Group (SIG),
Region VIII Co-Chair
American Academy of Clinical Toxicology
Local:
1997- 1998
2000-2008
1997- Present
1997-Present
1997-Present
Charleston Lead Poisoning Program Advisory Committee,
South Carolina Lead Poisoning Prevention Advisory Committee,
Data Usage, Policy, and Outreach Subcommittees
South Carolina Medical Association,
Charleston County Medical Society,
South Carolina Chapter of American Academy of Pediatrics
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Journal Reviewer
Academic Pediatrics
Archives of Diseases in Childhood
Clinical Pediatrics
Environmental Health Perspectives
International Journal of Pediatrics
Journal of Toxicology/Clinical Toxicology
Journal of Urban Health
Pediatrics
Vaccine
Grant Support
Extramural Funded:
Introduction of environmental medicine in to the curriculum of the Medical University
of South Carolina, part of the Sustainable Universities Initiative,
V. Kahn Rassmussen Foundation, $120,000 for period of July 1998-June 2002. PI,
20% salary time.
Development content and completing competencies for the educational curricula and
practice guidelines to educate and train health care providers on pesticide related
health outcomes. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Environmental
Education Training Foundation. $10,000, January 2000-December 2000.
Developing a lead poisoning screening strategy for South Carolina. South Carolina
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, through Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention. $42,000/year, July 1999 to 2002. PI, 20% salary.
Improving physician outreach for childhood lead poisoning. South Carolina Childhood
Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, through Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. $10,000/yr July 2002- 2005.
Incorporating environmental management of asthma into pediatric practice. National
Environmental Education Training Foundation. $26,250. July 2004 - October 2005.
Using a geographic information system (GIS) in combination with a hand-held lead
testing device to provide cost-effective efficient identification of children with
elevated blood lead levels. Environmental Protection Agency $93,664. Role on
Project:PI Aug 2005 - Feb 2007.
Integrating Environment Management of Pediatric Asthma into Health Care: Creating
Faculty Champions at Medical Schools and Outreach to the Health Care Community
and Developing a Power point presentation. National Environmental Education
Training Foundation. Role on Project: Principal Investigator, October 2006-September
2011. $55,000 for total period.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Providers Reminders: Improving Vaccine Delivery in Office Practice.
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases: Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention. Role on project: PI, $400,000 (25% time) 09/1/07-8/31/10.
Evaluation of the Effect of the Faculty Champion Asthma Initiative. National
Institute of Health/National Environmental Education Foundation. $43,500 Role on
Project: PI. 4/1/10-5/31/11.
6th Edition of Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings Manual. US
Environmental Protection Agency. $200,000
Role on project: Principal Investigator 8/1/08- 7/31/11.
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) 1 R40MC21522-01-00,
4/1/2011-3/31/2014. Communication Intervention for Adolescent Immunizations:
Cluster Randomized Trial. Role on Project: Co-Investigator.
D54HP05448. 9/01/2011- 08/31/2016. HRSA/BHP/MEDICINE Academic
Administrative Units in Primary Care. This grant will form a collaborative among
the SCPPRN, 4 MUSC Family Medicine Practices, and the OQUIN network to
incorporate automated data downloading and quality reporting. Total award
$800,000. Role: Project Director. 10% time on grant.
Select Health of South Carolina. 7/1/2012-6/30/2013. Initiating Controller
Medications in the Emergency Department and Improving Follow-up Visit Rates
via the South Carolina Pediatric Practice Research Network (SCPPRN). This is a
quality improvement project aimed at improving prescribing rates of ED physicians
and tracking asthma follow up visits in SCPPRN practices. Role on Project:
Mentor/Co-Investigator/Mentor
Children's Environmental Health Network. October 2012-June 2013. Revision of
Children's Environmental Health Training Manual. Role on Project: PI/ Editor-in-
Chief. 10% time.
Intramural Funded:
Validation of a lead poisoning educational intervention: A pilot study. Sustainable
Universities Initiative (SUI) Small Grants Program. $10,000, May 2002 to April 2003.
Contracts:
Novartis Vaccines. A Phase 3b, Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Multi-
Center study to Evaluate the Safety of Novartis MenACWY Conjugate Vaccine When
Administered with Routine Infant Vaccinations to Healthy Infants. Principal
Investigator, May 28, 2009 - June 28, 2010.
Sanofi Pasteur Vaccines. Exploratory Evaluation of a Two-dose Schedule Versus a
One-dose Schedule of Menactra (Meningococcal [Groups A,C,Y,W-135]
Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine) in Children in the US. Principal
Investigator, June 24 2008-September 3, 2009.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Novartis Vaccines. A Phase 3, Open-Label, Randomized, Multi-Center Study to
Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of ProQuad(TM) Vaccine When
Administered Concomitantly with Novartis Meningococcal ACWY Conjugate
Vaccine to Healthy Toddlers. Principal Investigator November 1, 2008 - January 21,
2010.
Nestle Nutrition. Happy Growth: Assessment of Growth of Infants Fed Formula With
Probiotics. Principle Investigator, April 2011-Dec 2013.
Awards, Honors
1989-1992 Texas Tech University Health Science Center Scholarship
June 1992 Outstanding Student in Pediatrics
March 1994 Selected to attend Frontiers in Science, Annual meeting of Pediatric Department
Chairman and selected pediatric residents
1998 Certificate of Appreciation, Trident Health District South Carolina, Charleston Lead
Poisoning Prevention Program
2001 Finalist, Robert Wood Johnson Faculty Scholars Program
April 2002 Thomas A. and Shirley W. Roe Award, South Carolina Medical Association,
Outstanding article in J SC Med Assoc of 2000-2001
July 2002 Mitchel I.Rubin Award, Outstanding Junior Faculty Researcher, Pediatrics
2002, 2003,
2005, & 2011 Nominee, Golden Apple Award Professor at MUSC
2008 Pediatric Housestaff Award, Best Clinic Attending
2010 College of Medicine, Nominee teacher of the month, September, and October
Academic Committee Activities
University:
1997-1998 Co-Chair, Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Working Group to develop guidelines
to incorporate issues of prevention into every day teaching activities
Department:
2000-2001 Children's Hospital Executive Committee
1997-Present Resident Recruitment Committee
2004-2008 Children's Hospital Quality and Safety Committee
2008-Present Asthma Committee
2008-Present MUSC Department of Pediatrics, Academy of Mentors
2009-Present Faculty Development Initiative Committee
2011-Present Faculty Compensation Committee
2013-Present Research Advisory Committee
Teaching Experience
Undergraduate Medical Education
1997-Present Preceptor, third year medical students on inpatient and outpatient portions of third year
Pediatric Core Clerkship, MUSC, Charleston
1997-Present Faculty Advisor to medical students, MUSC
1998 Preceptor, 1st Year Parallel Curriculum Physical Diagnosis Course, MUSC,
Charleston, South Carolina
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
1998
1998-2000
2001- Present
2001
2001-2011
1st Year Doctoring Curriculum, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
Lecturer on "Environmental aspects of asthma", Third year medical student noon
lecture series, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
Lecturer on "Environmental hazards", and "Dermatitis", Third year medical student
noon lecture series, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
Curriculum Development; Foundations of Clinical Medicine, Wrote case of child with
diarrhea secondary to organophosphate toxicity, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
Small Group Facilitator, Foundations of Clinical Medicine, MUSC, Charleston, South
Carolina
Graduate Medical Education
1997-Present Direct supervision and education of pediatric residents on inpatient and outpatient
rotations with general pediatrics, including weekly continuity clinic experience
1997-Present
1998- Present
Faculty Advisor/Academic Mentor Program for pediatric residents, MUSC
Brett MacLean, Mark Roque, Jimmy McElligott, Rita Chen, Maya Eady,
Jason Buckley, Poneh Davoodi, Becky Cafiero
Pediatric house staff noon conference series, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
Lecturer on "Childhood Lead Poisoning", "Pesticide Poisoning and Other
Environmental Hazards", "Environmental History Taking" and "Practical Parenting''
Rashes, Constipation, "Managing Environmental Triggers in Pediatric Asthma"
Graduate Medical and Graduate Studies Education
1999
Lecturer, Pediatric and Medicine Fellows Seminar, Medical University of South
Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
2000-2001 Research mentor and member of Graduate Committee for Lea Schwab. Analysis of
Lead Poisoning in an area with point source contamination. Department of Pediatrics,
and Epidemiology. Supervisor; Thomas C. Hulsey, ScD, MS awarded 2001.
2002-2004 Research mentor and member of Graduate Committee for Jennifer Shearer, PhD
candidate for School of Nursing. Lead poisoning education tools for parents. Medical
University of South Carolina, School of Nursing, PhD received July 2004.
2007-2008 Research mentor for Shannon Kennedy, Department of Pediatrics, General Pediatric
Fellowship
2008-Present Research mentor for Jimmy McElligott, Department of Pediatrics, General Pediatric
Fellowship, continuing as Clinical Instructor and Assistant Professor
2009-2010 Member of Graduate Committee for Kristina Gustafson, MSCR program, Department
of Pediatrics, General Pediatric Fellowship
2008-Present Research mentor for Resident Research Projects: Kimberly Sudheimer, Shilpa Shah,
Eliza Varardi, Frank Osei, Sarah Majstoravich, Kelli Wong Williams, Lauren Walker,
Emma Carter, Claire MacGeorge.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Major Clinical Interests and Responsibilities
Primary care and faculty practice general pediatric clinics
Inpatient pediatric wards
Childhood lead poisoning
Children's environmental health
Clinical toxicology
Immunization delivery and Quality Improvement
Published Abstracts/ Submitted Presentations: (Names in italics are Trainees (Student, resident, or
fellow), * denotes mentored junior faculty)
1. Roberts JR, Spooner SA. Pediatric resources on the Internet: Creation and growth of PEDINFO
index. J Invest Med 1996;44:44A. Presented at the Southern Regional Academic Societies
Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Feb 1996.
2. Roberts JR, Spooner SA. Intermediate Internet: Providing information via web pages and
mailing lists. Presented as a Workshop at the Pediatric Academic Societies, Washington DC,
May 1996.
3. Roberts JR, Oh MK, Thomas MH, Boker J, and Florence R. Male adolescents' communication
with partners about STD/HTV and family planning. J Invest Med 1997:45:37A. Presented at the
Southern Regional Academic Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Feb 1997.
4. Roberts JR, Spooner SA. Medical informatics curriculum in pediatric residency training.
Ambulatory Child Health 1997;3:166. Presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies,
Washington DC, 1997.
5. Roberts JR, Ratlif DR, Reigart JR. Prevalence of lead poisoning in the Charleston area. J Invest
Med 1998;46:6A. Presented at the Southern Regional Academic Societies Meeting, New
Orleans, LA, Feb 1998.
6. Roberts JR, Hulsey TC, Reigart JR. Natural progression of blood lead levels in non-chelated
children. J Invest Med 1999;47:130A. Presented at the Southern Regional Academic Societies
Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Feb 1999
7. Roberts JR, Reigart JR. Environmental history taking in the third year medical school
curriculum. Invest Med 1999;47:139A. Presented as the Southern Regional Academic Societies
Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Feb 1999. Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, San Francisco,
CA, May 1999. J Invest Med 1999;47:139A.
8. Roberts JR, Reigart JR, Ebeling M, Hulsey TC. Natural reduction of blood lead in non-chelated
chldren. XIX International Congress of the European Association of Poison Control Centres and
Clinical Toxicologists, Dublin Ireland, 1999. J Tox Clin Tox 1999;37:401.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
9. Roberts JR, Gitterman B. Environmental health education in pediatric residency programs.
Southern Regional Academic Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 2001. Pediatric
Academic Societies Meeting, Baltimore MD, May 2001. J Invest Med 2001;49:127A.
10. Schwab LT, Roberts JR, Reigart JR. The age of home question for lead risk assessment: Do
caretakers answer accurately? Southern Regional Academic Societies Meeting, New Orleans Feb
2001. Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, Baltimore MD, May 2001. J Invest Med
2001;49:138A.
11. Roberts JR, Curtis GB, Reigart JR, Ebeling M, Hulsey TC. Determining risk for lead poisoning
using a geographic information system. Southern Regional Academic Societies Meeting, New
Orleans Feb 2001. Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, Baltimore MD, May 2001. J Invest
Med 2001:49:138A.
12. Roberts JR, Hulsey TC, Curtis GB, Reigart JR. Using geographic information systems to define
point source lead contamination. J Invest Med 2002;50:139A. Oral presentation at Southern
Regional Academic Societies Meeting, New Orleans, Feb 2002.
13. Roberts JR, Hulsey TC, Curtis GB, Reigart JR. Using a geographic information system to
define point source lead contamination. Pediatric Research 2002;51:133 A. Presented as a Poster
Symposium at Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, Baltimore, MD, May 2002.
14. Roberts JR, Shearer JE, Stuart G, Reigart JR. Can we assess changes in parental knowledge of
lead poisoning? A Pilot study. J Invest Med 2003;51: In Press. Poster presentation at Southern
Regional Academic Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Feb 2003.
15. Reigart JR, Roberts JR, Hulsey, TC. Blood Lead Screening by South Carolina Primary Care
Providers. J Invest Med 2003;51:In Press. Presented at the Southern Regional Academic
Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Feb 2003.
16. Roberts JR, Reigart JR, Hulsey, TC. Blood Lead Screening by South Carolina Primary Care
Providers. Pediatric Research 2003: In Press. Oral presentation at Pediatric Academic Societies
Meeting, Seattle, WA, May 2003.
17. Roberts JR, Hulsey TC, Reigart JR. Home and Food Sources of Environmental Toxicants. J
Invest Med 2004:In Press. Oral presentation at Southern Regional Academic Societies Meeting,
New Orleans, LA, Feb 2004.
18. Roberts JR, Balk SJ, Forman J, Shannon M. Teaching about pediatric environmental health:
Knowledge and barriers reported by faculty. Pediatric Research 2005;In Press. Presented at the
Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, Washington DC, May 2005.
19. Roberts JR, Martines J, Battaglia R, White S, Darden PM. Improving delivery of care.
Palivizumab in a primary care clinic. J Invest Med 2006;54(1):S306. Oral presentation at
Southern Regional Academic Societies Meeting, Atlanta GA, Feb 2006.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
20. Roberts JR, Reigart JR, Hulsey TC. Association between pesticide metabolite levels and
exposure from the home and diet. J Invest Med 2007;55:S294. Oral presentation at Southern
Regional Academic Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Feb 2007.
21. Roberts JR, Reigart JR, Hulsey TC. Exposures related to pesticide residues in children. Oral
presentation at Pediatric Academic Societies meeting. Toronto, ON, Canada. May 2007.
22. Kennedy S, Roberts JR, Basco WT, Darden PM. Prevalence of Overweight in a sample of South
Carolina Children: Comparison to a National Sample. Presented at the Southern Regional
Meeting, New Orleans, La. Feb 22, 2008. J Invest Med 2008;56:429.
23. Roberts JR, Allen C, and Reigart JR. Are children still at risk for lead poisoning? Presented at
the Southern Societies Meeting, New Orleans, La. Feb 23, 2008. J Invest Med 2008;56:457.
24. Roberts JR, Freeland KD, McElligott JT*, O'Brien E, Darden PM. Immunization Procedures in
Pediatric Practices: A Study from the South Carolina Pediatric Practice Research Network
(SCPPRN). Presented at the Southern Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2009. J
Invest Med 2009;57:334.
25. Sudheimer K, Shah S, Roberts J. Efficient use of pediatric emergency rooms. Presented at
Presented at the Southern Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2009. J Invest Med
2009;57:334.
26. McElligott JT*, O'Brien ES, Roberts JR, Darden PM. Catch-Up Immunizations at 18 Months
of Age: Implications for Individual Practices. A Study from the South Carolina Pediatric Practice
Research Network (SCPPRN). Southern Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2009. J
Invest Med 2009;57:236. Also presented at 2010 National Immunization Conference, Atlanta,
GA.
27. Roberts JR, Freeland KD, McElligott JT*, O'Brien E, Kolasa M, Sperry J, Darden PM.
Immunization Procedures in Pediatric Practices: A Study from the South Carolina Pediatric
Practice Research Network (SCPPRN). Presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting,
Baltimore, MD, May 2009.
28. Roberts JR, Freeland KD, McCurdy, LE. Can we Improve Physician Knowledge of Managing
Environmental Triggers of Asthma? Presented at the Southern Societies Meeting, New Orleans,
LA, February 2010. J Invest Med 2010;58:461 A.
29. Roberts J, Kolasa M, Freeland K, Hletko P, O'Brien E, Darden P. How well do Practices
Incorporate QI Procedures for Vaccine Delivery? A Study from the South Carolina Pediatric
Practice Research Network. Presented at the 2010 National Immunization Conference, Atlanta,
GA.
30. Varadi E, McElligott JT*, Basco Jr, WT, and Roberts, JR. Parental Beliefs about Relative
Nutritional Value of Fruit Juice v. Fresh Fruit. Presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies
Meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, May 2010.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
31. Roberts JR, Hulsey TC, Alberg AJ, Obrien ES, Freeland KD, Basco WT. The Prevalence of
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Parental Predictors of Smoking Cessation in the South
Carolina Pediatric Practice Research Network (SCPPRN). Presented at the AHRQ Practice
Based Research Network Meeting, Bethesda, MD, June 2010.
32. Roberts, JR, Varadi E, McElligott JT*, Obrien ES, Freeland KD, Basco WT. Variation in Fruit
Juice Consumption Among Infants and Toddlers: A Study from the South Carolina Pediatric
Practice Research Network. Presented at the AHRQ Practice Based Research Network Meeting,
Bethesda, MD, June 2010.
33. Roberts JR, Hulsey TC, Basco Jr, WT, O'Brien, B, Alberg AJ. Prevalence of secondhand
smoke exposure and predictors of smoking cessation in the South Carolina Pediatric Practice
Based Research Network. Presented at the Southern Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA,
February 2011. J Invest Med 2011;59:473A.
34. Roberts JR, McElligott JT, Freeland KD, Ang SC, O'Brien ES, Darden PM. Can We Improve
Immunization Delivery in Pediatric Practices? A Study from the South Carolina Pediatric
Practice Research Network. Presented at the Southern Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA,
February 2011. J Invest Med 2011;59:474-5A.
35. Roberts JR, Karr C, Freeland KD, McCurdy LE, Deybarrondo L, and Forman J. Improving
Physician Knowledge about Environmental Triggers of Asthma. Oral Presentation at the
Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, Denver, May 2011.
36. Majstoravich SJ, Osei FA, Roberts JR, McElligott JT*, Martines J, and Bowman CM.
Improving guideline adherence in chronic asthma management. Oral Presentation at Pediatric
Academic Societies Meeting, Denver, May 2011.
37. Roland VA, McElligott JT, Greenhouse D, LeMay JR, Roberts JR. Do physicians follow the
AAP Guidelines on the Diagnosis of ADHD? Oral Presentation at the Southern Societies
Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2012. J Invest Med 2012;60:319-320A.
38. Roberts JR, Hale JJ, Thompson DM, Darden PM. Vaccine hesitancy among parents of teens.
Oral Presentation at the Southern Societies Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2013. J Invest
Med 2013;61:453.
39. Naifeh M, Roberts J, Hale J, O'Brien E, and Darden P. Variations in adolescent vaccination
rates by practice in South Carolina and Oklahoma. Poster Presentation at the Southern Societies
Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2013. J Invest Med 2013;61:387.
40. Darden P, Naifeh M, Roberts J, Hale J, O'BrienE, and Jacobson RM. Variations in adolescent
vaccination rates by practice in South Carolina and Oklahoma. Poster Presentation at the
National Practice Based Research Network Conference, Bethesda MD, June 18, 2013.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
41. Roberts JR, Hale JJ, Thompson DM, Jacobson RM, and Darden PM. Vaccine Hesitancy among
Parents of Adolescents: A Study from SCPPRN and OCHRN. Poster Presentation at the National
Practice Based Research Network Conference, Bethesda MD, June 18, 2013.
42. Roberts JR, Hale JJ, Thompson DM, Pope, C, Jacobson RM, and Darden PM. How Often do
Adolescents Receive HPV Vaccine on a Time? A Study from SCPPRN and OCHRN. Poster
Presentation at the National Practice Based Research Network Conference, Bethesda MD, June
18, 2013.
Invited Presentations:
1. Update on pediatric lead poisoning and screening in Alabama. Presented to the Alabama Chapter
of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Orange Beach, AL, Sept 1996.
2. Childhood lead poisoning. Nutrition for infants, children, and adolescents national course,
Birmingham, AL, Feb 1997.
3. Overview of children's environmental health issues. Children's Environmental Health Network
Workshop for the National Association for Hispanic Nurses Conference, Detroit, July 1998.
4. A perspective on lead poisoning: Past, present, and future. Keynote address for Chatham County
Department of Health's Annual Lead Poisoning Conference, Savannah, GA, July 1998.
5. Childhood lead poisoning. Invited panelist at the Children's Environmental Health Conference.
Co-sponsored by the University of South Carolina and the Department of Health and
Environmental Control. Columbia, SC, Sept 1998.
6. Environmental History-Taking: Exercises for the Here and Now. Children's Environmental
Health Network Conference, San Francisco, CA June, 1999.
7. Developmental aspects of pediatric environmental health. Environmental Hazards Assessment
Program's Teacher Institute, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, July 1999.
8. Using GIS to develop a targeted lead screening program. Presented at Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention Grantee Meeting, Washington DC, Jan 25, 2000.
9. Pesticide exposure in children: A visit to Mexico. Pediatric Grand Rounds. Medical University
of South Carolina, Charleston SC, Feb, 2001.
10. Screening children for lead poisoning. Presented at the Medicaid Targeting Workgroup Meeting
of the CDC Lead Poisoning Prevention Advisory Committee, Washington DC, June 22, 2001.
11. Lead Poisoning and Screening in the Charleston area. MUSC Family Medicine noon conference,
Trident Medical Center, Charleston, June 2001.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
12. Update on childhood lead poisoning. Tulane University, Department of Pediatrics, Noon
Conference. New Orleans, LA, February 2002.
13. Common Problems in the First Year of Life. Family Medicine Continuing Education Course,
Kiawah Island, June 2001-2004, 2006, 2007.
14. Pediatric Asthma. Family Medicine Continuing Education Course, Kiawah Island, June 2006,
2007.
15. Pesticide Poisoning in Children: Acute and Chronic Effects. The 1st Annual Conference on
Children's Health and the Environment, George Washington University Medical Center -
Children's National Medical Center and The Mid-Atlantic Center for Children's Health and the
Environment (MACCHE). Washington, DC, September 2002.
16. Applying Geographic Information Systems to Primary Care Issues. MUSC Pediatric Grand
Rounds, Charleston, October 2002.
17. Teaching Medical Providers about Pesticides: National Strategies for Health Care Providers:
Pesticides Initiative. 21st National Pesticides Forum, Toxics in the Age of Globalization, Univ.
Texas, Austin TX, April 2003.
18. Pesticides in Children: Controversial Issues. Presented at the APA Mini-Course on Children's
Environmental Health. Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, Seattle, WA, May 2003.
19. Making the Case: The Need to Improve Health Care Provider Education and Practice, Children
as a Vulnerable Population. Presented at the National Forum, National Strategies for Health Care
Providers Pesticides Initiative. Washington, DC, June 2003.
20. The Environmental History in Pediatric Practice, When is it Useful? Presented at American
Academy of Pediatrics National Conference and Exhibition. New Orleans, LA, November 2003.
21. Using an Environmental History in a busy Office Practice. Roper Hospital Grand Rounds for
pediatricians in Private Practice in Charleston. Charleston, SC November, 2004.
22. Pesticide Poisoning in Children: Acute and Chronic Effects. Presented at American Academy of
Pediatrics National Conference and Exhibition. San Francisco, October 2004.
23. Lead poisoning update and risk factors in the Charleston area. Roper Hospital Grand Rounds, for
Charleston community pediatricians. Charleston,SC, September 2002, 2005.
24. Human exposure to pesticides: Exposures, selected effects, and prevention. Pesticide
Conference, Maryland Pesticide Network, Baltimore MD, April 2006.
25. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health care Providers.
Children's Environmental Health Faculty Champions: Train-the-Trainer Workshop. Washington
DC, July 2006.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
26. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health care Providers. Frontiers
in Pediatrics Charleston, SC December, 2006.
27. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health care Providers.
American College of Preventive Medicine. Miami, FL, February, 2007.
28. Exposure of Children to Environmental Toxicants. Research Seminar series, Hollings Marine
Lab. Charleston, March 2007.
29. Skin rashes—What, why, and what to do. Presented at 2007 SC Association for School Nurses
7th Annual Conference. Myrtle Beach, SC June 2007.
30. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers.
Frontiers in Pediatrics. Grand Rounds, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC March, 2008.
31. Pesticide Exposure and Consequences in Children. Beyond Pesticides Annual National Forum.
University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2008.
32. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers.
Frontiers in Pediatrics. American Association of Physician Assistants National Meeting, San
Antonio, TX, May, 2008.
33. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers. SC
Association for School Nurses 8th Annual Conference. Myrtle Beach, SC June 2008.
34. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers. South
Carolina Asthma Summit. Greenville, SC, August 2008.
35. What Hazards are Lurking in the Home? Evaluating the Home for Environmental and Safety
Hazards. American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference and Exhibition. Boston, MA,
October 2008.
36. Pesticides in Children: Exposures, Health Effects, and Prevention. Plenary Session Speaker,
American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference and Exhibition. Boston, MA, October
2008.
37. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers.
Pediatrics Grand Rounds, Greenville Hospital System. Greenville, SC, October 2009.
38. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers. South
Carolina Asthma Summit. Greenville, SC, August 2010.
39. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers.
Pediatrics Grand Rounds, University of South Florida. Tampa, FL, November 2010.
40. Pesticides in Children: Exposures, health effects and prevention. Pediatrics Grand Rounds, Mt.
Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, April 2011.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
41. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers.
National Medical Association Annual Meeting. Washington, DC, July 2011.
42. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers. South
Carolina CATCH meeting, Charleston, SC February 2012.
43. American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference and Exhibition. Food Matters: New
meaning to the Phrase 'What's for Dinner?' New Orleans, LA, October 23, 2012.
44. American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference and Exhibition. Pesticide Poisoning:
Acute or Chronic, It's not the Same. New Orleans, LA, October 23, 2012.
45. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers. Ochsner
Pediatrics Grand Rounds, New Orleans, LA November, 2012.
46. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers.
Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Pediatric Grand Rounds, March 2013.
Publications: (Names in italics are Trainees (Student, resident, or fellow), * denotes mentored junior
faculty))
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles:
1. Roberts JR, Benjamin JT, Fox S. Crunchy peanut butter: A cause of foreign body aspiration in
children. Clinical Pediatrics 1996;35:591-2.
2. Roberts JR, Spooner SA. Pediatric internet resources: Creation and growth of the PEDINFO
index. Arch PedAdolMed 1997;151:592-7.
3. Spooner SA, Roberts JR. Characterizing the content of the pediatric Internet with the PEDINFO
database. Ambulatory Child Health 1997;3:308-318.
4. Roberts JR, Landers KM, Fargason CA. An unusual source of lead poisoning. Clinical
Pediatrics 1998;37:377-9.
5. Roberts JR, Spooner SA. Medical informatics curriculum in pediatric residency training.
Medical Education 1999;33:762-7.
6. Roberts JR, Boker JR, Oh MK, and DiClemente RJ. Health care service use and sexual
communication: Past experience and future intention of high-risk male adolescents. J Adol Health
2000;27:28-301.
7. Roberts JR, Reigart JR, Ebeling M, Hulsey TC. Time required for blood lead levels to decline in
non-chelated children. J Tox Clin Tox 2001;39:153-160.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
8. Roberts JR, Reigart JR. Environmental Health Education in the medical school curriculum.
Ambulatory Pediatrics 2001; 1:108-111.
9. Roberts JR, Reigart JR. Screening for lead poisoning in South Carolina children. J South
Carolina Medical Association 2001;97:459-64.
10. Reigart JR, Roberts JR. Exposure of children to pesticides. Pediatric Clinics of North America
2001;48:1185-98.
11. SribnickE, Goldblatt M, Campbell J, Roberts JR. Moyamoya disease in a four-month-old: A
case study. Clinical Pediatrics 2002;42:281-4.
12. Roberts JR, Gitterman B. Environmental health education in United States pediatric residency
programs. Ambulatory Pediatrics 2003;3:57-59.
13. Roberts JR, Curtis GB, Hulsey TC, Reigart JR. Using geographic information systems to assess
risk for elevated blood lead levels in children. Public Health Reports 2003; 118:221-9.
14. Schwab LT, Roberts JR, Reigart JR. Inaccuracy in parental reporting of the age of their home for
lead-screening purposes. Arch PedAdolMed 2003;157:584-6.
15. Roberts JR, Reigart JR. Insect Repellents: Does Anything Beat DEET? Pediatric Annals
2004;33:444-453.
16. McCurdy LE, Roberts JR, Rogers B, Love R, Etzel R, Paulson J, Witherspoon NO, and Dearry
A. Incorporating environmental health into pediatric and nursing education. Environmental
Health Perspectives 2004; 112:1755-60.
17. Smith L, Roberts JR, Reigart JR. Resident Rounds: Constipation; Diagnosis: Lead toxicity
without acute encephalopathy. Clinical Pediatrics 2007;46:83-5.
18. CanteyJB, GoldblattM, Johnson G, Roberts JR. Resident Rounds: A flu-like illness. Diagnosis:
Acute HIV-1 infection. Clinical Pediatrics 2007;46(6): 560-2.
19. Balk SJ, Forman JA, Johnson CL, Roberts JR. Pediatric environmental health update: What's
important in the history and accessing resources. Contemporary Pediatrics 2007;24(3):64-80.
20. Roberts JR, Hulsey TC, Reigart JR. South Carolina Physicians' knowledge and screening
practices for childhood lead poisoning. The Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association
2007; 103:
21. Roberts JR, Balk SJ, Forman J, Shannon M. Teaching about Pediatric Environmental Health:
Confidence in Teaching and Barriers Reported by Faculty. Ambulatory Pediatrics 2009;9:129-30.
22. Rogers B, McCurdy LE, Slavin K, Grubb K, Roberts JR. Children's Environmental Health
Faculty Champions Initiative: A Successful Model for Integrating Environmental Health into
Pediatric Healthcare. Environmental Health Perspectives 2009; 117(5): 850-855.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
23. Roberts JR, Kennedy SA, Basco WT, Darden PM. Prevalence of Obesity in Children:
Comparing Children from the South Carolina Pediatric Practice Research Network to a National
Sample. Clinical Pediatrics 2010;49:750-5.
24. Winterbottom K, McCurdy LE, Mehta S, Roberts JR. Using Nature and Outdoor Activity to
Improve Children's Health. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine.
2010;5:102-117.
25. McElligott, JT*, Roberts, JR, O'Brien, ES, Freeland, KD, Kolassa, MS, Stevenson, J, Darden,
PM. Improving Immunization Rates at 18 months of Age: Implications for Individual Practices.
A Modeling Study from the South Carolina Pediatric Practice Research Network. Public Health
Reports 2011; 126/Suppl 2:33-38.
26. Roberts JR, Freeland KD, Kolasa M, McElligott JT, Darden PM. Do immunization procedures
match provider perception? A study from the South Carolina Pediatric Practice Research
Network (SCPPRN). Quality in Primary Care 2011; 19(3): 147-154.
27. McElligott JT, Roberts JR, Varadi EA, O'Brien ES, Freeland KD, Basco WT, Jr Variation in
Fruit Juice Consumption Among Infants and Toddlers: Associations with WIC Participation.
Southern Medical Journal 2012;105(7):364-9.
28. Roberts JR, Allen CL, Ligon C, Reigart JR. Are children still at risk for lead poisoning?
Clinical Pediatrics 2013;52:125-130.
29. Roberts JR, Karr CK, deYbarrondo, McCurdy LE, Freeland KD, Hulsey TC, and Forman J.
Improving Pediatrician Knowledge about Environmental Triggers of Asthma. Clinical Pediatrics
2013; 52(6):523 - 530.
30. Darden PM, Thompson DM, Roberts JR, Hale JJ, Pope C, Naifeh M, and Jacobson RM. Reasons
for not vaccinating adolescents: National immunization survey of teens, 2008-2010. Pediatrics
2013; 131 (4): 64 5-51.
31. Jacobson RM, Roberts JR, and Darden PM. Parents' Perceptions of the HPV Vaccine: A Key
Target for Improving Immunization Rates. Expert Reviews in Clinical Immunology
2013;9(9):791-3.
Publications with AAP Committee on Environmental Health:
32. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatric Exposure and
Potential Toxicity of Phthalate Plasticizers Balk SJ (Chair) Best D, Johnson CL, Kim JJ, Mazur
LJ, Reynolds DW, Roberts JR, Shannon MW, Weil WB, Shea KM (lead author), Liaisons:
Amler RW, Blackburn E, Linet M, Miller RW, Rogan W Pediatrics, Jun 2003; 111: 1467 - 1474.
33. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Environmental Health. Radiation Disasters in
Children. Balk SJ (Chair) Best D, Johnson CL, Kim JJ, Mazur LJ, Reynolds DW, Roberts JR,
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Shea KM, Shannon MW (lead author), Weil WB, Liaisons: Amler RW, Blackburn E, Linet M,
Miller RW, Rogan W Pediatrics, Jun 2003; 111: 1455 - 1466.
34. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Environmental Health, and Committee on
Infectious Diseases. Nontherapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animal Agriculture:
Implications for Pediatrics. Shannon MW (chair), Balk SJ, Best D, Binns HJ, Johnson CL, Kim
JJ, Mazur LJ, Reynolds DW, Roberts JR, Shea KM (lead author), Weil WB, Liaisons: Amler
RW, Blackburn E, Linet M, Miller RW, Rogan W. Pediatrics, Sep 2004; 114: 862 - 868.
35. Committee on Environmental Health. Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children.
Shannon MW (chair), Balk SJ, Best D, Binns HJ, Johnson CL, Kim JJ (lead author), Mazur LJ,
Miller M, Reynolds DW, Roberts JR, Shea KM, Weil WB, Liaisons: Amler RW, Blackburn E,
Linet M, Miller RW, Rogan W. Pediatrics, Dec 2004; 114: 1699 - 1707.
36. Committee on Environmental Health and the Committee on Nutrition. Infant
Methemoglobinemia: The Role of Dietary Nitrate in Food and Water. Shannon MW (chair), Balk
SJ, Best D, Binns HJ, Greer F (lead author), Johnson CL, Kim JJ, Mazur LJ, Reynolds DW,
Roberts JR, Shea KM, Weil WB, Liaisons: Amler RW, Blackburn E, Linet M, Miller RW,
Rogan W Pediatrics, Sep 2005; 116: 784 - 786.
37. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Environmental Health. Lead exposure in
children: Prevention, detection, and management. Shannon MW (Chair), Best D, Binns HJ, Kim
JJ, Mazur LJ, Weil WB, Jr., Johnson CL, Reynolds DW, Roberts JR. Liaisons: Blackburn E,
Johnson RH, Linet M, Rogan WJ (lead author). Pediatrics 2005; 116:1036-1046.
38. Committee on Environmental Health and Committee on Infectious Diseases. Chemical-
Biological Terrorism and Its Impact on Children. Shannon MW (chair and lead author), Best
D, Binns HJ, Forman JA, Johnson CL, Karr CJ, Kim JJ, Mazur LJ, Roberts JR, Liaisons:
Johnson RH, Blackburn E, Linet M, Rogan W. Pediatrics 2006; 118:1267 - 1278.
39. Committee on Environmental Health. Spectrum of Noninfectious Health Effects From Molds.
Shannon MW (chair), Best D, Binns HJ, Forman JA, Johnson CL, Karr CJ, Kim (co-lead author),
JJ, Mazur LJ (co-lead author), Roberts JR, Liaisons: Anderson M, Blackburn E, Linet M, Rogan
W. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 2582 - 2586.
40. Committee on Environmental Health. Global Climate Change and Children's Health. Shannon
MW (chair), Best D, Binns HJ, Forman JA, Johnson CL, Karr CJ, Kim JJ (co-lead author), Mazur
LJ (co-lead author), Roberts JR, Liaisons: Anderson M, Blackburn E, Savage S, Rogan W.
Pediatrics 2007; 120:1149 - 1152.
41. Committee on Environmental Health and Committee on Infectious Diseases. Drinking Water
From Private Wells and Risks to Children. Binns HJ (chair), Forman JA, Karr CJ, Osterhoudt K,
Paulson JA, Roberts JR, Sandel MT, Seltzer JM, Wright RO, Liaisons: Anderson M, Blackburn
E, Linet M, Rogan W. Pediatrics 2009;123:1599 - 1605.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
42. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Environmental Health. The built environment:
Designing communities to promote physical activity in children. Committee members: Binns HJ,
chair, Forman JA, Karr CJ, Ousterhoudt K, Paulson JA, Sandel MT, Roberts JR, Seltzer JM,
Wright RO. Past Committee members: Kim JJ. Liason: Anderson M, Blackburn E, Savage S,
Rogan WJ. Consultants: Jackson RJ, Testor JM (lead author). Staff: Spire P. Pediatrics
2009;123:1591-8.
43. Roberts JR, Karr CJ (lead authors), American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on
Environmental Health. Pesticide exposure in children. Policy Statement. Committee members:
Paulson JA, chair, Brock-Utne AC, Brumberg HL, Campbell CC, Lanphear BP, Osterhoudt KC,
Sandel MT, Trasande L, Wright RO. Past Committee Members: Binns HJ, Forman JA, Selzter
JM. Pediatrics 2012;130(6): el757-1763.
44. Roberts JR, Karr CJ (lead authors), American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on
Environmental Health. Pesticide exposure in children. Technical Report. Committee members:
Paulson JA, chair, Brock-Utne AC, Brumberg HL, Campbell CC, Lanphear BP, Osterhoudt KC,
Sandel MT, Trasande L, Wright RO. Past Committee Members: Binns HJ, Forman JA, Selzter
JM. Pediatrics 2012; 130(6): el765-1788.
Peer Reviewed Scholarly Books and Monographs:
1. Reigart JR, Roberts JR. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 5th Edition. United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Free Hand Press, Inc. Washington DC, March 1999.
2. Roberts JR, Reigart JR. Medical assessment and intervention, In: CDC Guidelines for Childhood
Lead Poisoning. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Department of Health
and Human Services, Atlanta GA, 2002.
3. Roberts JR, Burns C. Developing pesticide toxicology content for medical education curriculum.
In: National Strategies for Health Care Providers: Pesticides Initiative. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington DC, 2003.
4. Curtis GB, Braggio JT, Fokum F, Roberts JR, Scott R, Staley F, Sweatlock J, and Tobin R.
Using GIS to assess and direct childhood lead poisoning prevention: Guidance for state and local
childhood lead poisoning prevention programs. Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
United States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta GA, 2005.
5. Roberts JR, McCurdy LE. Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma; Guidelines for
Health Care Providers. National Environmental Education & Training Foundation, Washington
DC, 2005.
6. Roberts JR, Reigart JR. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 6th Edition. United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Free Hand Press, Inc. Washington DC, 2013.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Chapters in Scholarly Books and Monographs:
1. Roberts JR. Metal Toxicology. In: Children's environmental Health Network, Training Manual,
Washington DC, 1999.
2. Roberts JR, Shannon M. Update on Arsenic. American Academy of Pediatrics News, Chicago
IL, February 2003.
3. Roberts JR. Carbon Monoxide. In: Handbook of Pediatric Environmental Health, 2nd Ed. Ruth
Etzel and Sophie Balk, Eds. American Academy of Pediatrics, Chicago, IL, November 2003.
4. Johnson CL, Roberts JR. PBDE's are ubiquitous, but effects of exposure are unclear. American
Academy of Pediatrics News, Chicago IL, January 2005.
5. Roberts JR, Weil WB, Shannon MW. DEET alternatives considered to be effective mosquito
repellents. American Academy of Pediatrics News, Chicago IL, June 2005.
6. Roberts JR. Carbon Monoxide. In: Handbook of Pediatric Environmental Health, 3rd Ed. Ruth
Etzel, Sophie Balk, and Michael Shannon, Eds. American Academy of Pediatrics, Chicago, IL
November, 2011.
7. Roberts JR, Gustafson KK, McElligott JM. The Play Environment. In: the Oxford Textbook of
Children's Environmental Health. Phillip Landrigan and Ruth Etzel, Eds. 2013: In Press.
Extramural Professional Activities:
Curriculum Development; Resident Primary Care Clinic Conferences for use by 11 faculty and 50
residents. Developed sessions for hearing screening, pre-participation sports physical, hyperlipidemia
in children, heart murmurs, cerebral palsy, and atopic dermatitis. University of Alabama at
Birmingham, 1995-1997
Channel 2 and Channel 4 news. Interviewed regarding recent posting of lead hazard in a local
elementary school. Charleston, SC, Segments aired Feb. 9, 2000.
Channel 2 News. Interviewed for two-part news segment on childhood lead poisoning and exposure
due to paint and soil. Charleston, SC. Segments aired in Feb. 2001.
Toxic Legacies. Featured in Documentary about children's exposure to pesticides in Mexico. Aired
on Canadian Broadcast Company (CBC) in March 2001; and Discovery Health Network, June 15,
2001.
CNN, MSNBC, and Channel 2 (local station) media interviews, "Lead in Fisher-Price Toy Recall'.
August, 2, 2007.
Live 5 news (local station). Media Interview. Childhood lead poisoning. Aired August 2011.
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James R. Roberts, MD, MPH
Community Service:
Lead Poisoning update. Presented outreach education program to parents of Frazier Elementary
School, January, 2002.
Science Fair Judge, Moultrie Middle School 7th, 8th grade. Charleston, SC, Jan. 1999 and Jan. 2000.
Medical aspects of childhood lead poisoning. Spoke to community based environmental protection
group of private citizens, April 1999.
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
November 2013
Curriculum Vitae
GEORGE D. THURSTON
Wk: (845) 731-3564
Fax: (845)351-5472
Email: george.thurston@nvu.edu
http://www.med.nyu.edu/biosketch/gdtl/research
Education
Degree
Diploma
Sc.B. (Honors)
A.B.
S.M.
Sc.D.
Field
Academic
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Studies
Environmental Health Sciences
Environmental Health Sciences
Institution
Barrington High School, RI
Brown University
Brown University
Harvard Univ. Schl. of Public Health
Harvard Univ. Schl. of Public Health
Postdoctoral Training
Specialty Mentor Place of Training
Environ. Epidemiology Dr. H. Ozkaynak Harvard Univ., Kennedy Schl. of Gov., Camb., MA
Internships and Residencies: N/A
Clinical and Research Fellowships: N/A
Licensure and Certification: N/A
Academic Appointments
1987-1993 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Environmental Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine, New York City, NY.
1993-2006 Associate Professor (Tenured), Dept. of Environmental Medicine, New York
University School of Medicine, New York City, NY.
2007-present Professor (Tenured), Dept. of Environmental Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine, New York City, NY.
2007-present Affiliated Faculty, Environmental Studies Program, College of Arts and
Sciences, New York University, New York City, NY.
2012-present Affiliated Faculty, Marron Institute on Cities and the Urban Environment, New
York University, New York City, NY
2012-present Faculty Mentoring Champion, Dept. of Environmental Medicine, New York
University School of Medicine, New York City, NY.
Hospital Appointments: N/A
Other Professional Positions and Visiting Appointments:
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow (2008-2010)
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Major Administrative Responsibilities
Year Title, Place of Responsibility
1995-2004 Director, Community Outreach and Environmental Education Program, NYU-
NIEHS Center of Excellence, Nelson Inst, of Environ. Med., NYU School of
Medicine, Tuxedo, NY
2002-2012 Deputy Director, NYU Particulate Matter Research Center, Nelson Inst, of
Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY
2007-2008 Director, Environmental Epidemiology Core, NYU-NTEHS Center of Excellence,
Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, NY
2010-present Co-Leader, Metals Research Focus Group, NYU-NTEHS Center of Excellence,
Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, NY.
2012-present Director, Program in Exposure Assessment and Human Health Effects, Department
of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine.
2012-present Chair, Appointments and Promotions Committee, Department of Environmental
Medicine, NYU School of Medicine.
Teaching Experience
Year Name of course
1984-1994 Air Poll. Transport Modeling (G48
2006-present Weather, Air Pollution, and Health (G48.
1986-present Aerosol Science (G48.
1984-2010 Environmental Contamination (G48.
1984-present Environ. Hygiene Measurements (G48.
1990-1998 Environmental Toxicology (G48.
1993-1995 Environmental Epidemiology I (G48.
2001-2003 NYU Summer Institute, Wagner School
2006-present Environmental Epidemiology I (G48.
2006-present Science, Health & Envir. Journalism (G54
2009-2011 Global Environmental Health (U10
2009-2012 Global Issues in Environ. Health (G48.
2009-present Earth Systems Science (undergrad) (V36.
2011-present Principles of Environmental Health (G48.
Type of Teaching/Contact Hrs.
2048) Course Director
1010) Course Director
2033) Course Director
2305) Lecturer
2035) Lecturer/Lab
1006) Lecturer
2039) Lecturer
Lecturer
2039) Lecturer
1017.0) Lecturer
2153.1) Course Director
1011) Course Director
0200) Lecturer
1004) Course Director
Awards and Honors
November 1999 Orange Environment Citizens Action Group, OE Award for Excellence in Translating
Science to the Public
December 2000 NYU School of Medicine Dean's Research Incentive Award
October 2012 Recipient of the "Haagen Smit Prize" for Best Paper, Atmospheric Environment.
https://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/singh/winnersl2.html
March 2013 Recipient of the "Top Science Paper of the Year - Science" Award from ES&T
https ://pub s. acs. org/ doi/full/10.1021 /es400924t
Major Committee Assignments
New York University Committees
2007-present University Sustainability Task Force
2010-2012 University Faculty Senate Alternate
2012-2013 University Faculty Senator
A-50
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
NYU School of Medicine Departmental Committees
1992-1998 Sterling Forest Library Committee, Member, NYU SOM Dept of Environ. Medicine
1991-1994 Health & Safety Committee, Member, NYU SOM Dept. of Environ.
Medicine
1992-2004 Community Outreach and Education Comm., Chairman, NYSOM Dept. of Environ.
Med.
1999-2004 Dept. Chairman's Internal Advisory Comm., Member, NYUSOM Dept. of Environ.
Med. 2005-present Dept. Academic Steering Committee, Member, NYUSOM Dept.
of Environ. Medicine 2007-2012 Dept. Appointments & Promotions Comm.,
Member, NYUSOM, Dept. of Environ. Medicine 2012-present Dept. Appointments &
Promotions Comm., Chair, NYUSOM, Dept. of Environ. Medicine
Advisory Committees
Regional
1983-1984 Massachusetts Acid Rain Advisory Board, Member, Mass. Dept. of Env. Protection
1984-1986 Committee on Environ. And Occup. Health. , NY State American Lung
Association 1991-1996 Air Management Advisory Comm., Member of Health Effects
Subcom., NY State DEC 1995-1999 Engineering Advisory Board, Member, Tuxedo, NY
1997-1998 Advisory Committee to the Mayor on the Port of Newburgh, Member, Newburgh, NY
1996-1999 CUES Asthma Working Group, Member, New York Academy of Medicine
2008-2010 New York City Community Air Study (NYCCAS) Advisory Panel
National
1995-1999
2007-2010
Mar. 2012
International
Comm. on Health Effects of Waste Incineration, Member, National Academy of
Sciences 1995-1999 National Air Conservation Commission, Member, American
Lung Association 2000-2004 National Action Panel on Environment, Member,
American Lung Association 2005-present National Clean Air Committee,
Member, American Lung Association
U.S. EPA Clean Air Science Advisory Committee (CASAC) for SOx and NOx
EPA Panelist for "Kickoff Workshop to Inform EPA's Review of the Primary NO2NAAQS'
1996-1997 Sulfur in Gasoline Health and Environment Panel, Chairperson, Health Canada
Sept. 2007 Illness Cost of Air Pollution Expert Committee, Canadian Medical Association
2008-2012 Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Committee on the Human Health Effects of
Outdoor Air Pollution, World Health Organization (WHO)
Grant Review Committees (National)
March 1989 EPA Air Chemistry and Physics Extramural Grants Review Panel {adhoc member)
Oct. 1989 NIEHS P30 Center Special Review Panel (ad hoc member)
July 1992 NIH R01 Epidemiology & Disease Control Study Section (ad hoc member)
Nov. 1992 NIEHS P20 Center Development Grant Special Study Section, (ad hoc member)
June 1996 EPA Special Review Panel of the Health Effects Institute (HEI) (ad hoc member)
March 1997 EPA Office of Res. and Development External Grant Review Panel (ad hoc member)
April 1997 NIEHS Community-Based Participatory Res. R01 Special Study Sect, (ad hoc member)
July 1997 EPA National Environ. Research Lab Intramural Research Review Panel (ad hoc member)
June 1998 EPA Office of Res. and Development External Grant Review Panel (ad hoc member)
July 1998 EPA Climate Policy and Programs Division Grant Application Review (ad hoc member)
Oct. 1998 Mickey Leland Center for Air Toxics Grant Review Panel (ad hoc member)
A-51
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
April 2000 NIEHS P30 Center Special Review Panel (ad hoc member)
July 2001 NIEHS Community-Based Participatory Res. R01 Special Study Sect, (ad hoc member)
Dec. 2001 NIEHS Program Project P01 Site Visit Review Panel (adhoc member)
April 2003 NIH R21 Fogarty Health, Env. and Economic Development Study Sect, (ad hoc member)
Nov. 2003 U.S. EPA STAR Grant Panel (Epidemiologic Research on Health Effects of Long-
Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter and Other Air Pollutants) (member)
Oct. 2004 NIEHS Program Project P01 Review Panel (adhoc member)
June 2005 NIH Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1 HOP Q 90 S) (ad hoc member)
Nov. 2005 NIH Infectious Disease, Reproductive Health, Asthma/Allergy, and Pulmonary
(IRAP) Conditions Study Section Review Panel (adhoc member)
Feb. 2006 NIH Infectious Disease, Reproductive Health, Asthma/Allergy, and Pulmonary
(IRAP) Conditions Study Section Review Panel (ad hoc member)
June 2006 NIH Infectious Disease, Reproductive Health, Asthma/Allergy, and Pulmonary
(IRAP) Conditions Study Section Review Panel (ad hoc member)
Dec. 2006 NIEHS Special Emphasis Panel on Genetics, Air Pollution, and Respiratory Effects
(ZES1 TN-E FG P) (member)
Nov. 2007 NIH Special Emphasis Panel on Community Participation in Research (ZRG1 HOPS)
(member)
June 2009 NIH Study Section Review Panel on Challenge Grants in Health & Science Research
March 2011 U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship
Review Panel - Clean Air Panel (chair)
Sept. 2011 NIH Special Epidemiology Study Section (ZRG1 PSE K 02 M) (member)
Oct. 2012 NIH Cardiac and Sleep Epidemiology (CASE) Study Section (ad hoc member)
June 2013 NIH Special NHLBI Dataset Study Section (ZRG1 PSEQ 56) (member)
July 2013 NIH "Career Awards" Study Section (ZES1 LWJ-D, K9) (member)
Sept. 2013 Appointed Permanent Member, NIH Cardiac & Sleep Epid. (CASE) Study Section
Memberships, Offices, and Committee Assignments In Professional Societies
Year Society/Committees
1980-1996 Air and Waste Management Association (Comm. on Health Effects and Exposure,)
1992-Present American Thoracic Society (ATS): Environmental and Occup. Health (EOH)
Assembly,
1995-1999, 2012-present: ATS EOH Long Range Planning Committee;
1993-1994, 2002-2004: ATS Program Committee
2006-2007 Chairman of the ATS-EOH Nominating Committee
2010-present: ATS Environmental Health Policy Committee, member
2012-present: ATS Environmental Health Policy Committee, Vice-Chairman
1990-present International Society of Exposure Analysis
1992-present International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
(Annual Meeting Program Committee: 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2006)
(ISEE Conference Planning Committee: 2006-present)
2007-2009 New York Academy of Sciences (membership given in appreciation for a 1/23/07
NYAS forum presentation)
Editorial Positions
Journal Board Membership
Year Name of Board
1993-2008 International Society of Exposure Analysis (J. of Exp. Anal, and Environ. Epid.)
A-52
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Ad Hoc Manuscript Reviewer
Years Journal
1996-1998 American Journal of Epidemiology
1994 Archives of Environmental Health
1995-present Atmospheric Environment
1995-present Environmental Health Perspectives
1994-present Environmental Research
2004-present Environmental Science and Technology
2011 -present Epidemiology
1993-present Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology
1994-present Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
1996-present Journal of the American Medical Association
1997-present Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
1997-present Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
2006-present Thorax
Scientific Report Reviewer
August, 1986 Reviewer for the National Academy of Sciences, Board on Environmental Studies
and Toxicology report "The Airliner Cabin Environment: Air Quality and Safety"
October, 2002 Reviewer for the NAS, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology report
"Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations"
Mentoring of Graduate Students, Residents, Post-Doctoral Fellows in Research
Under direct supervision:
Student Name
Mark Ostapczuk
Kazuhiko Ito
Peter Jaques
R. Charon Gwynn
Ramona Lall
Ariel Spira-Cohen
Kevin Cromar
Lital Yinon
Type of Position
Masters
Masters/Doctoral
Masters/Doctoral
Masters/Doctoral
Masters/Doctoral
Masters/Doctoral
Masters/Doctoral
Doctoral
Time Period Present Position
1984-1986 Industrial Hyg., Barr Labs, Pomona, NJ
1984-1990 Scientist, NYC Dept. of Health, NYC, NY
1988-1998 Assoc. Prof., Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY
1992-1999 Epidemiologist, Columbia Univ., NY
2000-2007 Research Sci. IV, NYC Dept. of Health, NY
2003-2009 Research Sci. Ill, NYC Dept. of Health, NY
2008-2012 Assistant Professor, NYU School Of Medicine
2011-present Doctoral Candidate, NYU School of Medicine
In advisory function
Student Name
Shao-Keng Liang
Jerry Formisano
Yair Hazi
Samantha Deleon
Chun Yi Wu
Carlos Restrepo
Shaou-I Hsu
Steven Schauer
Christine Ekenga
Rebecca Gluskin
Jiang Zhou
(thesis committee):
Advisory Role Time Period
Doctoral Committee member 1990-1994
Doctoral Committee member 1997-2000
Doctoral Committee member 1993-2001
Doctoral Committee member 1997-2003
Doctoral Committee member 2000-2004
Doctoral Committee member 2002-2004
Doctoral Committee member 2000-2009
Doctoral Committee member 2007-2009
Doctoral Committee Chair 2009-2011
Doctoral Committee Chair 2009-2012
Doctoral Committee Chair 2008-2012
Student's Supervisor
Dr. J. Waldman, UMDNJ, Rutgers
Dr. M. Lippmann, NYU SOM
Dr. B. Cohen, NYU SOM
Dr. K Ito, NYU SOM
Dr. L.C. Chen, NYU SOM
Dr. R. Zimmerman, Wagner, NYU
Dr. M. Lippmann, NYU-SOM
Dr. B. Cohen, NYU-SOM
Dr. G. Friedman-Jimenez, NYU-SOM
Dr. Kazuhiko Ito, NYU SOM
Dr. Kazuhiko Ito, NYU SOM
A-53
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Teaching Awards Received: N/A
Major Research Interests
1} Air Pollution Epidemiology: Real-world air pollution exposures and human health effects in the
general population and study cohorts of suspected susceptible individuals (e.g., children).
2) Aerosol Science: Ambient particulate matter aerosol exposures, including designing and
implementing air monitoring equipment to collect human exposures to air pollution.
3) Environmental Exposure Assessment: Methods to assess human exposures and health effects from
air pollution, especially the development of source apportionment models to separate human effects on
the basis of pollution source. Design of epidemiological models/methods that better incorporate
potential air pollution confounders/effect modifiers (e.g., weather and genetic influences).
Grants Received
Prior:
Agency
Title
Grant #
Period
Total Direct Costs
Role
% Effort
USEPA
Effects of Acute Exposure to
Summertime Haze Episodes on
the Health of Humans
R811563
05/01/84-
09/30/87
$538,586
CO-I
50%
NIH
Acid Aerosol Exposure: Effect
on Respiratory Morbidity
R01ES04612
09/25/87-
08/31/92
$846,966
PI
30%
USEPA
Acid Aerosol Chamber
Experiments
OD2524AEX
7/2/90-7/31/90
$5,810
PI
9%
USEPA
Analysis of Acid Aerosol
Experiments
00422248NAEX
8/1/90-9/30/90
$3,364
PI
5%
USEPA
Air Pollutants and Human
Health
R814023
05/18/87-
05/17/91
$690,921
CO-I
50%
USEPA
Development and Field Applic.
of an Automated Sequential
Weekly Average H+ Sampler
Subcontract to
EPA Grant
CR816740-03
6/1/92-2/28/93
$13,156.
PI
15%
NIH
Acid Aerosol Exposure: Effect
on Respiratory Morbidity
R01ES04612
09/01/92-
08/31/95
$377,298.
PI
30%
HEI
Retrospective Characterization
of Ozone Exposures
Health Effects
Institute Grant
11/1/93-
10/31/94
$98,238
CO-I
10%
NIH
Temperature and Air Pollution
Effects on Human Mortality
R01ES05711
6/1/92-5/31/9
5 $371,993
PI
30%
NYUSOM
Environmental Effects on
Human Mortality and Morbidity
Bridge Grant
9/1/95-8/31/96
$48,400
PI
-
USEPA
Effects of Exposure to Ambient
Air Pollutants on Human Health
R808325
10/1/91-
09/30/96
$870,565
CO-I
50%
USEPA
Investigation of Acid Aerosol
Exposures in Metropolitan
Settings
Subcontract to
Grant No.
CR822050
11/1/93-
10/31/96
$200,499
PI
10%
USEPA
An Evaluation of Potential
Confounders inPMlO Mortality
Associations
R825271
11/25/96-
11/24/01
$219,410
CO-I
10%
USEPA
Acidic PM and Daily Human
Mortality in Three U.S. Cities
#R825264
11/25/96-
11/24/00
$232,671
PI
15%
A-54
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
NYS-ERDA
Environmental Monitoring,
Evaluation, and Protection
Program
6084-ERTER-
ESOO
12/01/99-
11/30/02
$341,926
PI
20%
HEI
Children's Asthma Incidence
and Personal Exposures to
Diesel Particles and Traffic in
NYC
01/01/02-
12/31/02
$154,800
PI
30%
USEPA
Influence of Alternate Indicator
of Exposure to PM and PM
Components in Statistical
Associations with Mortality and
Hospital Admissions
SR827358
03/01/99-
02/28/03
$183,089
PI
30%
NIH
NIEHS Center Supplement:
ES00260-S1
04/01/02-
Total=$ 936,487
CO-PI
10%
Health Issues Related to the
03/31/03
Outreach=$172,031
PI
15%
World Trade Center Disaster,
Outreach Project
NIH
Effects of Ambient Air
Pollutants on Annual Mortality
ROl ES09560
9/15/99-
8/31/03
$471,408
PI
30%
USEPA
Particle Exposures of High-Risk
Sub Populations
R827164
10/01/98-
09/30/03
$1,327,240
CO-I
10%
USEPA
A Source Oriented Evaluation o
the Combined Effects of Fine
Particles and Co-pollutants
R827997
02/01/00-
01/31/04
$291,407
CO-I
15%
NIH
NIEHS Center Grant: Outreach
ES00260
04/01/00-
Total=$5,000,000
CO-I
5%
and Education Program
03/31/05
Outreach=$240,365
PI
5%
USEPA
EPA PM Health Effects Center
R827351
06/01/99-
Total=$6,000,000
CO-PI
15%
Project 6: "A Prospective Study
of Asthma Susceptibility to PM
05/31/05
Project 6=$134,923
Outreach=$77,779
PI
10%
10%
Epidemiologic Investigations of
Key PM Components and
PI
Biomarkers of Effects &
Community Outreach Project
NIH
Genetic/Epigenetic
Susceptibility to Superfund
Chemicals: Outreach Project
ES010344
05/08/00-
03/31/06
$156,812
CO-I
5%
USEPA
Env. Issues in the South Bronx.
Thurston Project: S. Bronx
X1982152
08/01/00-
09/30/06
Total=$921,922
CO-I
5%
Backpack Study
Project=$307,131
PI
15%
NIH
NIEHS Center Supplement:
ES00260-S2
04/01/02-
Total=$660,000
Co-PI
10%
Health Issues Related to the
03/31/04
Project 4=$69,999
PI
10%
World Trade Center Disaster,
Outreach=$ 172,03
PI
15%
Source Attribution (Project 4) &
Community Outreach
USEPA
The role of traffic-related
pollution in PM health effects
associations among inner-city
children with asthma
16511
09/01/06-
08/31/09
$51,516
PI
California
Air
Spatio-temporal Analysis of
Air Pollution and Mortality in
06/01/07-
5/31/10
Resources
California Based Upon the
Project=$13,634
Co-I
4%
Board
ACS Cohort (Thurston:
(CARB)
Consulting Project)
A-55
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
USEPA
Real time modeling of
weather, air pollution, health
outcome indicators in NYC.
RD-83362301-
0
12/07-11/10
$130,496
Co-I
5%
NIH
Fine Particles and Out-of-
Hospital Cardiac Arrest in
New York City
R01ES014387
-01A2
04/09-12/11
$200,000
C0-I
10%
Health
Effects
Institute
(HEI)
Characteristics of PM
Associated with Health
Effects. Thurston Project:
'Study Of PM Components
and U.S. Human Mortality In
The ACS Cohort.
4750
01/01/07-
3/31/11
Total=$3,247,567
Project=$355,920
Co-I
PI
5%
20%
Current:
Agency
Title
Grant #
Period
Total Direct Costs
Role
% Effort
New York
State DOT
Mobile Source Air Toxics
(MSATs) Mitigation Measures
09/01/10
06/31/13
SubProject=$89,062
Co-I
10%
Robert
Wood Johnson
Foundation
The Effect of Peak-Shaving
Regulations on the Activity,
Toxic Emissions, and Health
Impacts of Local Power Plants
Public Health
Law Research
1/12-
7/13
$151,500
Co-I
10%
NIH
Long-term Air Pollution
Exposure and Mortality in the
NIH-AARP Cohort.
R01ES019584
-01A1
1/01/12-
6/30/16
$1,221,253
MPI
(Contact PI)
20%
The Public
Health
Research
Institute of
Abu Dhabi
Development of a Public
Health Research Institute in
Abu Dhabi. Thurston Project.
'Air Pollution in Abu Dhabi".
3/2012-
2/2017
$9,993,960
Co-i
10%
NIH
Dietary Influence on Mortality
from Air Pollution Exposure
in the NIH-AARP Cohort
(R21)
1R21ES02119
4-01
7/12-
6/14
$150,000
MPI
(Contact PI)
8%
Patents
None
Boards and Community Organizations
1990-1995 St. Mary's Episcopal Church, Tuxedo, NY, Vestry member
1992-present Monroe-Woodbury Soccer Club, Coach (Board
Member: 1999-2000)
1994-present Orange County Citizen's Foundation, Member
1999-2009 Y2CARE Monroe-Woodbury, NY School District Residents Action Group,
Founder 2005-present St. Mary's Episcopal Church, Tuxedo, NY, Community
Outreach Committee, Member 2006-present EPISCOBUILD-Newburgh, NY
Habitat for Humanity Advisory Board, Member 2012-present St. Mary's
Episcopal Church, Tuxedo, NY, Vestry member
A-56
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Military Service
None
International Scientific Meetings Organized
May 28-30, 2003 "Workshop on the Source Apportionment of PM Health Effects." U.S. EPA PM
Centers, Harriman, NY.
Aug. 1-4, 2004 "Sixteenth Conference of the International Society for Environmental
Epidemiology," Kimmel Conference Center, Washington Square, New York
University, New York City, NY.
Scientific Forums for the Public Organized
June 2001 "Science and Community Interaction Forum on the Environment." Held at Hostos
Community College, Bronx,, New York City, NY.
October 2001 "Forum on Environmental Health Issues Related to the World Trade Center
Disaster." Held at NYU Law School, Washington Square, New York City, NY.
October 2002 "2nd Annual Forum on the Environmental Health Issues Related to the World
Trade Center Disaster." Held at Manhattan Borough Community College, New
York City, NY.
October 2003 "3nd Annual Forum on the Environmental Health Issues Related to the World
Trade Center Disaster." Held at NYU Lower Manhattan Campus, New York City,
NY.
Invited U.S. House and Senate Congressional Testimony
Feb. 5, 1997 "Human Health Effects of Ambient Ozone Exposures" Statement before the
Committee on Environment and Public Works, Subcommittee On Clean Air,
Wetlands, Private Property, And Nuclear Safety, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
https ://epw. senate, gov/105th/thurston.htm
April 16, 1997 "Human Health Effects of Ambient Ozone and Particulate Matter Exposures."
Statement before the Government Reform and Oversight Committee of the U.S.
House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.
May 8, 1997 "Human Health Effects of Ambient Ozone and Particulate Matter Exposures."
Statement before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment, Committee on
Commerce of U.S. House of Representatives, Washington,. D.C.
July 29, 1997, "The Human Health Effects of Ambient Ozone And Particulate Matter Air
Pollution." Statement before the Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative
Law of the Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
http s: //j udi ci ary. house. gov/1 egacy/commerci al. htm
October 22, 1997 "Ozone and Particulate Matter Air Pollution Health Effects." Statement before the
U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on
Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety. Washington, DC.
https ://epw. senate, gov/105th/thursto2.htm
July 15, 1999: "The Mandated Release of Government-Funded Research Data." Statement before
the Committee On Government Reform, Subcommittee on Government
Management, Information And Technology, U.S. House of Representatives
July 26, 2001 "The Human Health Effects Of Air Pollution From Utility Power Plants."
Statement before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
https://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/PlantE
A-57
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
March 5, 2002
Sept. 3, 2002
April 1, 2004
Feb 11, 2002: "The Air Pollution Effects of The World Trade Center Disaster." Statement before
the Committee On Environment And Public Works, Subcommittee On Clean Air,
Wetlands, And Climate Change. United States Senate, New York, NY.
https://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/Qualitva
"The Use of the Nationwide Registries to Assess Environmental Health Effects."
Statement before the Committee On Health, Education, Labor, And Pensions,
Subcommittee On Public Health, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
"The Clean Air Act and The Human Health Effects of Air Pollution from Utility
Power Plants." Statement before the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education,
Labor, and Pensions, Subcommittee on Public Health, Washington, D.C.
https://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/AirStand
"The Human Health Benefits Of Meeting the Ambient Ozone And Particulate
Matter Air Quality Standards." Statement before the Committee on Environment
and Public Works, Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear
Safety, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
http://epw. senate. gov/epwmultimedia/epw040104.ram
"The Science And Risk Assessment Of Particulate Matter (PM) Air Pollution
Health Effects." Statement before the Committee on Environment and Public
Works, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
http ://epw. senate, gov/hearingstatements. cfm?id=25 8766
"Science And Environmental Regulatory Decisions." Statement before the
Committee On Environment And Public Works of The U.S. Senate,
Subcommittee on Public Sector Solutions to Global Warming, Oversight, and
Children's Health Protection, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/RegulatoryD
http://epw. senate. gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&HearingI
D=al954f70-802a-23 ad-4192-fc2995dda7f4
October 4, 2011 "The Science of Air Pollution Health Effects and the Role of CASAC in EPA
Standard Setting" Statement before the Subcommittee on Energy and the
Environment, Committee on Science, Space and Technology, U.S. House Of
Representatives, Washington, DC.
http://science.house.gov/hearing/energy-and-environment-subcommittee—
hearing-quality-science-quality-air
July 19, 2006
May 7, 2008
Other Invited Presentations
Regional Presentations
April 21, 1993
Dec .14, 1995
Jan. 18, 1996
June 1, 1996
July 17, 1996
Feb. 11, 1997
Feb. 26, 1998
"Summertime Smog and Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Illness".
Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Seminar Series Lecture,
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ.
"Health Effects of Acidic Aerosols". NY State Dept. of Health, Wadsworth Center
Seminar, Albany, NY
"Outdoor Air Pollution and Asthma in Children " American Lung Association
Press Briefing, New York, NY.
"Asthma and Urban Air Pollution". WHEACT, Harlem Hospital, New York, NY.
"Asthma and Outdoor Air Pollution". Making the Connection: Urban Air Toxics &
Public Health. Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
(NESCAUM), Roxbury, MA
"Outdoor Air Pollution and Asthma". Bellevue Hospital Asthma Clinic Grand
Rounds. New York City, NY.
"Scientific Research for Ozone and Fine Particulate Standards ", Pace University
School of Law, White Plains, NY
A-58
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Nov. 30, 1998 "Outdoor Air Pollution and Asthma", Center for Urban and Environmental Studies
(CUES), NY Academy of Medicine,, New York, NY
Feb. 22, 1999 "Asthma and Air Pollution". Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
April 28, 2001 "Asthma and Air Pollution in New York City". NYC Council Environmental
Candidate School, NY League of Conservation Voters, New York, NY.
Nov. 1, 2001 "Air Quality and Environmental Impacts Due to the World Trade Center Disaster".
Testimony before the Comm. on Environ. Protection, NYC Council, New York,
NY.
Nov. 13, 2001 "WTC Pollution Impacts in Lower Manhattan". Stuyvesant High School Parents
Association General Meeting, Stuyvesant High School, New York, NY
Feb. 28, 2002 "Lung Cancer Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate
Matter". Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
April 5, 2002 "Air Pollution Impacts of the WTC Disaster". 23rd Annual Scientific Conference
of the NY/NJ Education and Research Center: "Worker Health and Safety: Lessons
Learned in the Aftermath of Sept. 11, 2001," Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, NYC,
NY
April 21, 2002 "Adverse Health Effects of Power Plant Air Pollution on Children" Earth Day 2002,
14th Street Y, New York City, NY.
May 23, 2002 "Human Health Effects of Power Plant Pollution". Rockland County Conservation
Association, Suffern, NY
May 31, 2002 "Environmental Health Impacts of the World Trade Center Disaster". University of
Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY.
Sept. 19, 2002 "Community Air Pollution Related to the World Trade Center Disaster". NYC
Council Forum: The Environmental Health Consequences of 9/11: Where Do We
Stand One Year Later? Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York
City, NY.
Oct. 3, 2002 "Community Exposures to Particulate Matter Air Pollution from the World Trade
Center Disaster". Mount Sinai School of Medicine Grand Rounds, New York City,
NY.
April 11, 2003 "Environmental Impacts of the World Trade Center Disaster", NIEHS Public
Interest Liaison Group, New York City, NY.
April 21, 2003 "Asthma and Air Pollution", Airborne Threats to Human Health, NIEHS Town
Hall Meeting, Syracuse, NY.
May 7, 2003 "Asthma and Air Pollution in NY City" Environmental Candidate School for New
York City Council Candidates, Wagner School, NYU, New York City, NY.
July 21, 2003 "Health Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution", Ozone Transport
Commission, Philadelphia, PA.
Nov. 18, 2004 "Ambient Air Pollution Particulate Matter (PM): Sources and Health Impacts".
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2, New York City, NY.
Feb. 17, 2005 "Community Air Pollution Aspects Of The Demolition Of 9-11 Contaminated
Buildings". Testimony before the Committee On Lower Manhattan
Redevelopment, New York City Council, New York City, NY.
Oct. 19, 2005 Air Pollution Health Effects: Consideration of Mixtures. Fall Meeting of the Mid-
Atlantic Chapter of the Society of Toxicology (MASOT), East Brunswick, NJ.
Dec.7, 2006 Asthma and Air Pollution Effects in the South Bronx. New York City Child Health
Forum, The Children's health Fund, Harlem, NYC, NY.
Jan. 18, 2007 Air Pollution Effects in New York City. NYU Environmental Sciences Seminar
Lecture, Washington Square, NYC, NY.
Jan. 23, 2007 The South Bronx Backpack Study: Asthma and Air Pollution in NYC. Presented at
the forum "High Asthma Rates in the Bronx: What Science Now Knows and
Needs to Learn." New York Academy of Sciences, 7 World Trade Center, NYC,
NY.
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Oct. 2, 2009 "Diesel Air Pollution and Asthma in New York City". Brown Superfund Research
Program. https://www.brown.edu/Research/SRP/thurston%20oct%202.pdf,
Brown University, Providence, RI.
June 19, 2012 "The Backpack Study of Asthma and Diesel Air Pollution in the South Bronx".
Region 1 U.S. EPA, Citizen Science Workshop, New York City, NY.
National Presentations
Oct. 20, 1987. NIEHS Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols: "Re-examination of
London. England. Mortality in Relation to Exposure to Acidic Aerosols During
1963- 1972 Winters" RTP, NC.
"Kuwait Mortality Risks from SO2 and Particles: Insights from the London Fogs"'
The Kuwait Oil Fires Conf., American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge,
MA.
"Air Pollution Epidemiology: Is the Model the Message?" The First Colloquium
on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Morbidity and Mortality". Beckman
Center of the NAS, Irvine, CA.
" Epidemiological and Field Studies". American Thoracic Society Annual
Meeting, Boston, MA.
"Epidemiological Evidence Linking Outdoor Air Pollution and Increased Hospital
Admissions for Respiratory Ailments" American Thoracic Society Annual
Meeting, Boston, MA.
"Associations Between PM10 & Mortality in Multiple US Cities". Second
Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Health. Park City, Utah.
"Particulate Matter Exposure Issues for Epidemiology" U.S. EPA Particulate
Matter Workshop, RTP, NC
"Health Effects of Ambient Ozone & Particulate Matter" Air and Waste Assoc.
Regional Conference On Impacts of EPA's Proposed Changes to Ozone and PM
Standards, Oak Brook, IL
"The New EPA Standards for Ambient PM and Ozone" American Lung
Aug. 13, 1991
Jan. 24, 1994
May 23, 1994
May 25, 1994
May 6,
Sept. 5,
April 3.
1996
1996
1997
April 22, 1998
Dec. 21, 1999
March 24, 2000
June 24, 2002
July 15,2002
July 26, 2002
October 7, 2002
Nov. 11, 2002
Dec. 5, 2002
Feb. 3, 2003
Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.
"Global Overview of Human Death and Illness due to Air Pollution". California
Air Resources, Sacramento, CA.
"Estimating Ancillary Impacts. Benefits and Costs Of Proposed GHG Mitigation
Policies For Public Health" Resources for the Future, Wash., DC.
"Investigations Into the Environmental Health Impacts Related to the WTC
Disaster" Air And Waste Management Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD.
"Air Pollution and Human Health" NIEHS Built Environment Conference, RTP,
NC
"The Human Health Effects of Power Plant Emissions and Associated Air
Pollution". The Environment & Health Forum, Physicians for Social
Responsibility, Washington, DC.
"Community Exposures to Particulate Matter Air Pollution from the World Trade
Center Disaster" Plenary Speaker at the American Association for Aerosol
Research, Charlottesville, North Carolina.
"Characterization of Community Exposures to World Trade Center Disaster
Airborne and Settled Dust Particulate Matter Air Pollution", American Public
Health Association Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA.
"Susceptibility of Older Adults to Air Pollution". EPA Workshop on Differential
Susceptibility of Older People to Environmental Hazards. National Academy of
Sciences, Washington, DC.
"Health Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution". National Air Quality
Conference, U.S. EPA, San Antonio, Texas
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
May 17, 2003 "Assessing the Influence of Particle Sources and Characteristics on Adverse
Health Effects of PM". PG18 - New Tools to Evaluate the Health Effects of Air
Pollution in Epidemiologic Studies. American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting,
Seattle, WA.
Sep. 10, 2003 "Nature and impact of World Trade Center Disaster fine particulate matter air
pollution at a site in Lower Manhattan after September 11Annual Meeting of the
American Chemical Society, New York, NY.
October 20, 2003 "Translating Air Pollution Risks to the Community" Annual Meeting of the
NIEHS Center Directors, Baltimore, MD.
May 18, 2004 "The Health Imperative for Implementation of the Clean Air Act" State and
Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators/ Association of Local Air
Pollution Control Officials (STAPPA/ALAPCO) National Conference, Point
Clear, Alabama.
Oct. 18, 2004 "NIEHS Centers' Investigations of the World Trade Center Collapse Pollution
Exposures and Effects: A Public Health Collaboration" National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences Center Directors' Meeting, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
May 25, 2005 "PM/Sulfate and Coal Combustion Particle Effects: Epidemiologic and
Toxicologic Evidence". American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting, San Diego,
CA
Oct. 24, 2005 "The Science Behind the Particulate Matter (PM) Standards" State and Territorial
Air Pollution Program Administrators/ Association of Local Air Pollution Control
Officials (STAPPA/ALAPCO) National Conference, Alexandria, Virginia.
Oct. 14, 2008 "Diesel Air Pollution and Asthma Exacerbations in a Group of Children with
Asthma" Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental
Epidemiology (ISEE). Pasadena, California.
Feb. 26, 2010 "What studies are appropriate to use to estimate health impacts from specific
sources such as diesel PM?" CARB Symposium: "EstimatingPremature Deaths
from Long-term Exposure to pm2.5". Sacramento, CA.
May 6, 2011 "Lung Cancer Risks from Exposure to Fine Particle Air Pollution" NYU Cancer
Institute Symposium: "Cancer and the Environment", NYC, NY.
May 16, 2012 "The Human Health Effects of Air Pollution" The Air We Breathe: Regional
Summit on Asthma and Environment at Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh,
PA.
June 20, 2013 "Particles in our Air: A Global Health Risk", Northeastern University, Research
Seminar. Boston, MA.
International Presentations
May 1, 1987 "Acid Aerosols: Their Origins. Occurrence, and Possible Health Effects".
Canadian Environmental Health Directorate Seminar, Health and Welfare Canada,
Ottawa, Canada
July 2, 1987 "Health Effects of Air Pollution in the US". University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,
Brasil
Feb. 5, 1991 "Results from the Analysis of Toronto Summer Sulfate and Aerosol and Acidity
Data", Workshop on Current Use and Future Directions of Hospital-Based Data in
the Assessment of the Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Human Health. Health
and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
April 23, 1997 "An Evaluation of the Role of Acid Aerosols in Particulate Matter Health Effects".
Conference on the Health Effects of Particulate Matter in Ambient Air. Air &
Waste Management Association, Prague, Czech Republic.
May 12, 1998 "The Health Effects of PM and Ozone Air Pollution". Air Pollution: Effects on
Ontario's Health and Environment. Ontario Medical Association, Toronto, Canada
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Nov. 1, 1999
August 31, 2000
January 29, 2001
Feb. 4-5, 2002:
May 2, 2002
Sept. 24, 2003
Dec. 1, 2003
Sept 14, 2005
Sept. 4, 2006
Sept. 4, 2007
Aug. 27, 2009
Dec. 1, 2010
July 17, 2012
Aug. 29, 2012
May 20, 2013
Oct. 27, 2013
"Climate Change and the Health Impacts of Air Pollution". The Public Health
Opportunities and Hazards of Global Warming Workshop at the U.N. Framework
Convention on Climate Change, Conference of Parties (COP5), Bonn, Germany.
"Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Health in three Northeastern Cities". World
Congress on Lung Health, Florence, Italy
"PM Exposure Assessment and Epidemiology". NERAM International Colloquia:
Health and Air Quality: Interpreting Science for Decision Makers. Ottawa,
Canada.
"Air Pollution Exposure Assessment Approaches in U.S. Long-Term Health
Studies". Workshop on Exposure Assessment in Studies on the Chronic Effects of
Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution, World Health Organization, Bonn, Germany
"Health Effects of Sulfate Air Pollution" Air Pollution as a Climate Forcing
Workshop, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
"Identification and Characterization of World Trade Center Disaster Fine
Particulate Matter Air Pollution at a Site in Lower Manhattan Following
September 11." Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental
Epidemiology (ISEE). Perth, Australia.
"Terrorism and the Pulmonary Effects of the World Trade Center Disaster
Particulate Matter Air Pollution". British Thoracic Society, London, England.
"Results And Implications of The Workshop on the Source Apportionment of PM
Health Effects". Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental
Epidemiology (ISEE). Johannesburg, South Africa.
"A Source Apportionment of U.S. Fine Particulate Matter Pollution for Health
Effects Analysis", Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental
Epidemiology (ISEE). Paris, France.
"Applying Attributable Risk Methods to Identify Susceptible Subpopulations".
Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
(ISEE). Mexico City, Mexico.
"Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Associations with Long-Term Exposure to
PM2.5 Components". Annual Meeting of the International Society for
Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Dublin, Ireland.
"The Hidden Air Quality Health Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation". The
Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India.
"Recent Findings on the Mechanisms and Health Risks of Particulate Matter Air
Pollution", European Centre for Environment & Human Health, Truro, England.
"Health Effects of PM Components: NYU NP ACT Epidemiology Results and
their Integration with Toxicology Results", Annual Meeting of the International
Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Columbia, SC.
"Long-term pm2.5 Exposure and Mortality in the N1H-AARP Cohort", Annual
Meeting of the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Philadelphia, PA.
"Human Health Effects and Global Implications of Particle Air Pollution", Center
of Excellence in Exposure Science and Environ. Health, Technion University,
Haifa, Israel.
Scientific Meeting Sessions Chaired
May 1, 1996 "Epidemiological Findings", 2nd Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution &
Health. Park City, UT.
May 14, 1996 "Particulate Toxicity", American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
LA.
Jan. 30, 1998 "Evaluation of PM Measurement Methods". pm2.5: A Fine Particulate Standard
Specialty Conference. Los Angeles, CA.
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
August 18, 1998
April 28, 1998
Oct. 21, 1998
April 26, 1999
Sept. 6, 1999
March 31, 2000
Jan. 26, 2000
May 8, 2000
Sept. 5, 2001
May 20, 2002
April 1, 2003
May 19, 2003
May 21, 2003
Sept. 2003
Sept. 25, 2005
June 22, 2006
Sept. 3, 2006
Sept. 20, 2006
Sept. 5, 2007
Aug. 26, 2009
March 23, 2010
Sept. 16,2011
Aug. 27, 2012
"Communities and Airports: How to Co-Exist?". Annual Meeting of the
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Boston, MA.
"Clean Air Act Update", American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.
"Health Effects and Regulatory Issues in PM". Particulate Methodology
Workshop,. U.S. EPA Center, for Statistics and the Env., Univ. of Washington,
Seattle, WA.
"Pulmonary Smoking and Air Pollution Epidemiology." American Thoracic
Society Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA
"Personal exposures to Gases and Particles". Annual Conference of the
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), Athens, Greece.
"Epidemiology: Particles. Co-pollutants & Morbidity and Mortality". Workshop
on Inhaled Environmental/Occupational Irritants and Allergens: Mechanisms of
Cardiovascular Responses, American Thoracic Society, Scottsdale, AZ
"Epidemiology of Particulate Matter Air Pollution". PM2000 Specialty
Conference, Air & Waste Management Assoc., Charleston, SC
"Outdoor Air Pollution: Epidemiologic Studies". American Thoracic Society
Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada
"Mortality Epidemiology Studies". Annual Meeting of the International Society
for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Garmisch, Germany.
"After September 11: Bio-terrorism and The Environmental Health Aftermath of
The World Trade Center Disaster". Plenary Session. American Thoracic Society
Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA.
"Epidemiology: Short-Term and Long-Term Health Effects". Conference on
Particulate Matter: Atmospheric Sciences, Exposure, and the Fourth Colloquium
on PM and Human Health, Pittsburgh, PA
"Particulate Air Pollution and Diseases in Adults". American Thoracic Society
Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA.
"Air Pollution as a Cause of Childhood Asthma and Chronic Airway Disease".
American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA.
"Unexplained Medical Symptoms". Annual Meeting of the International Society
for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Perth, Australia.
"Technology and Health". Annual Meeting of the International Society for
Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Johannesburg, South Africa.
"Characteristics of PM and Related Considerations", Annual Meeting of the Air
and Waste Management Association, New Orleans, LA.
"Air Pollution Mechanisms", Annual Meeting of the International Society for
Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Paris, France.
"Linkage and Analysis of Air Quality and Health Data", EPA & CDC Symposium
on Air Pollution Exposure and Health, RTP, NC
"Radiation Exposures and Health Risks", 2007 Annual Meeting of the
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Mexico City,
Mexico
"Exploring the Range of Methodological Approaches Available for Environmental
Epidemiology." 2009 Annual Meeting of the International Society for
Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Dublin, Ireland
"Exposure to and Health Effects of Traffic Pollution", 2010 American Association
for Aerosol Research Conference on Air Pollution and Health, San Diego, CA.
"Susceptibility to Air Pollution", 2011 Annual Meeting of the International Society
for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Barcelona, Spain.
"Source Apportionment Of Outdoor Air Pollution: Searching For Culprits". 2012
Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
(ISEE). Columbia, SC.
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Aug. 21, 2013 "Source-specific health effects of air pollution". 2013 Annual Meeting of the
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Basel, Switzerland.
Bibliography
Invited Journal Editorials
Thurston GD and Bates DM, Air Pollution as an Underappreciated Cause of Asthma Symptoms,
2003. JAMA, 290:14, pp. 1915-1916 (2003).
Thurston G.D. (2006). Hospital admissions and fine particulate air pollution. JAMA. Oct 25;
296(16): 1966.
Thurston G. (2007). Air pollution, human health, climate change and you. Thorax. 2007 Sep; 62 (9):
748-9.
Thurston GD, Balmes JR; Particulate matter and the environmental protection agency: setting the
right standard. Environmental Health Policy Committee of the American Thoracic Society. Am J
Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2012 Dec;47(6):727-8. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0414ED.
Book Chapters
Thurston, G.D. and Leber, M. The relationship between asthma and air pollution. In: Emergency
Asthma (ed.: B. Brenner), pp. 127-144. Marcel-Dekker, New York, NY (1999).
Thurston, G.D. and Ito, K. Epidemiological studies of ozone exposure effects. In: Air Pollution and
Health (ed.: S. Holgate and H. Koren). Academic Press. London, pp. 485-510 (1999).
Chen, LC, Thurston, G, and Schlesinger, RB. Acid Aerosols as a Health Hazard. In: Air Pollution
and Health (ed.: J. Ayres, R. Maynard, and R. Richards). Air Pollution reviews: Vol. 3. Imperial
College Press. London, pp. 111-161 (2006).
Thurston, G.D. and Wallace, L. Air Pollution: Outdoor and Indoor Sources. In: Environmental and
Occupational Medicine, 4th Edition (Eds.: W. Rom and S. Markowitz). Lippincott, Williams, and
Wilkins, Philadelphia (2006).
Thurston, G.D. Air Pollution. In: Encyclopedia of Public Health (ed. K. Heggenhougen) Elsevier
Press. (2007).
Thurston, G.D and Bell, M. Aerosols, global climate, and the human health co-benefits of climate
change mitigation. In Aerosol Handbook (2nd edition, in press) (eds.: Lev S. Ruzer and Naomi H.
Harley). CRC Press (2012)
National Academy Committee Books Co-Authored
National Research Council (NRC), Waste Incineration & Public Health. Committee on Health
Effects of Waste Incineration. Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. National
Academy Press, Washington, DC (2000).
International Reports Co-Authored
Health Canada, Health and Environmental Impact Assessment Panel Report, "Joint
Industry/Government Study: Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuels". Ottawa, Canada. (1997).
World Health Organization (WHO), Exposure assessment in studies on the chronic effects of long-
term exposure to air pollution. Report EUR/03/5039759. Geneva, Switzerland (2003).
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Peer Reviewed Journal Articles/Letters
Thurston, G.D. General Discussion: Atmospheric dispersion modeling - A critical review. J. Air
Pollut. Control Assoc. 29: 939 (1979).
Thurston, G.D. Discussion of multivariate analysis of particulate sulfate and other air quality
variables by principal components - part I. Annual data from Los Angeles and New York. Atmos.
Environ. 15: 424-425 (1981).
Thurston, G.D., J.D. Spengler and P.J. Samson. An assessment of the relationship between regional
pollution transport and trace elements using wind trajectory analysis. Receptor Models Applied to
Contemporary Pollution Problems, Ed. E. Frederick, Air Pollution Control Association,
Pittsburgh, PA (1982).
Spengler, J.D. and G.D. Thurston. Mass and elemental composition of fine and coarse particles in six
U.S. cities. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 33: 1162-1171 (1983).
Currie, L., R. Gerlach, C. Lewis, W.D. Balfour, J. Cooper, S. Dattner, R. DeCesar, G. Gordon, S.
Heisler, P. Hopke, J. Shah and G. Thurston. Inter-laboratory comparison of source apportionment
procedures: Results for simulated data sets. Atmos. Environ. 18: 1517-1537 (1984).
Thurston, G.D. and J.D. Spengler. A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable
particulate matter in metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts. Atmos. Environ. 19: 9-25 (1985).
Thurston, G.D. andN.M. Laird. Letters: Tracing aerosol pollution. Science 227: 1406-1407 (1985).
Thurston, G.D. and J.D. Spengler. A multivariate assessment of meteorological influences on
inhalable particle source impacts. J. Clim. and Appl. Met. 24: 1245-1256 (1985).
Ozkaynak, H., J.D. Spengler, A. Garsd and G.D. Thurston. Assessment of population health risks
resulting from exposures to airborne particles. Aerosols: Second U.S.-Dutch International
Symposium, Lewis Publishing Co., December 1985 (Peer Reviewed).
Ozkaynak, H., A.D. Schatz, G.D. Thurston, R.G. Isaacs and R.B. Husar. Relationships between
aerosol extinction coefficients derived from airport visual range observations and alternative
measures of airborne particle mass. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 35: 1176-1185 (1985).
Thurston, G.D. and P.J. Lioy. Receptor modeling and aerosol transport. Atmos. Environ. 21: 687-
698 (1987).
Ozkaynak, H., and G.D. Thurston. Associations between 1980 U.S. mortality rates and alternative
measures of airborne particle concentration. Risk Analysis 7: 449-460 (1987).
Lioy, P. J., D. Spektor, G. Thurston, N. Bock, F. Speizer, C. Hayes and M. Lippmann. The design
considerations for ozone and acid aerosol exposure and health investigation: The Fairview Lake
Summer Camp-Photochemical Smog Case Study. Environ. Int'l. 13: 27-83 (1987).
Spektor, D.M., M. Lippmann, P.J. Lioy, G.D. Thurston, K. Citak, D.J. James, N. Bock, F.E. Speizer
and C. Hayes. Effects of ambient ozone on respiratory function in active normal children. Am.
Rev. Resp. Dis. 137: 313-320 (1988).
Lippmann, M. and G.D. Thurston. Exposure Assessment - Input into risk assessment. Arch. Environ.
Health 43: 113-123 (1988).
Spektor, D.M., M. Lippmann, G.D. Thurston, P.J. Lioy, J. Stecko, G. O'Connor, E. Garshick, F.E.
Speizer, and C. Hayes. Effects of ambient ozone on respiratory function in healthy adults
exercising outdoors. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 138: 821-828 (1988).
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Ito, K. and G.D. Thurston. Characterization and reconstruction of historical London England acidic
aerosol concentrations. Environ. Health Presp. 79: 35-42 (1989).
Thurston, G.D., K. Ito, M. Lippmann, and C. Hayes. Re-examination of London mortality in relation
to exposure to acidic aerosols during 1962-1973 winters. Environ. Health Persp. 79: 73-82
(1989).
Waldman, J.M., P.J. Lioy, G.D. Thurston and M. Lippmann. Spatial and temporal patterns in
summertime sulfate aerosol acidity and neutralization within a metropolitan area. Atmos.
Environ. 24B: 115-126 (1990).
Echalar, E., P. Artaxo and G.D. Thurston. Source apportionment of aerosols in the industrial area of
Cubatao, Brazil. In: Aerosols: Science, Industry, Health and Environment (S. Masuda and K.
Takahashi, Eds.), pp. 942-945, Pergamon Press (1990).
Spektor, D.M., V.A. Hofmeister, P. Artaxo, J. Brague, F. Echelar, D.P. Nogueria, C. Hayes, G.D.
Thurston and M. Lippmann. Effects of heavy industrial pollution on respiratory function in the
children of Cubatao, Brazil: A preliminary report. Environ. Health Persp. 94: 51-54 (1991).
Waldman, J.M., S.K.C. Liang, P.J. Lioy, G.D. Thurston, andM. Lippmann. Measurements of sulfate
aerosol and its acidity in the S02 source region of Chestnut Ridge, PA. Atmos. Environ. 25 A:
1327-1333 (1991).
Spektor, D.M., G.D. Thurston, J. Mao, D. He, C. Hayes, and M. Lippmann. Effects of single and
multiday ozone exposures on respiratory function in active normal children. Environ. Res. 55:
107-122(1991).
Thurston, G.D. and H. Ozkaynak. Letters: Air pollution and mortality. Science 225: 382-383 (1992).
Thurston, G.D., J.F. Gorczynski Jr., P. Jaques, J. Currie and D. He. An automated sequential
sampling system for particulate acid aerosols: Description, characterization and field sampling
results. J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2: 415-428 (1992).
Thurston, G.D., K. Ito, P. Kinney and M. Lippmann. A multi-year study of air pollution and
respiratory hospital admissions in three New York State metropolitan areas: Results for 1988 and
1989 summers. J. Exposure Anal, and Environ. Epidemiol. 2: 429-450 (1992).
Jaques, P. A., G.D. Thurston, P.L. Kinney, and J.E. Gorczynski, Jr. Precision of an ambient sequential
acid aerosol sampling system. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8: 313-316 (1993).
Kinney, P.L. and G.D. Thurston. Field evaluation of instrument performance: Statistical
considerations. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8: 267-271 (1993).
Ito, K., G.D. Thurston, C. Hayes, and M. Lippmann. Associations of London, England daily
mortality with particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and acidic aerosol pollution. Arch. Environ.
Health 48: 213-220(1993).
Thurston, G.D., K. Ito, M. Lippmann and D.V. Bates. Respiratory hospital admissions and
summertime haze air pollution in Toronto, Ontario: Consideration of the role of acid aerosols.
Environ. Res. 65: 271-290 (1994).
Thurston, G.D., J.E. Gorczynski, J.H. Currie, D. He, K. Ito, M. Lippmann, J. Waldman and P. Lioy.
The nature and origins of acid aerosol pollution measured in Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario.
Environ. Res. 65:254-270 (1994).
Kinney, P.L., Ito, K., and Thurston, G.D. A sensitivity analysis of mortality/PM10 associations in
Los Angeles. Inhal. Toxicol. 7:59-69 (1995).
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Thurston, G.D. and Kinney, P.L. Air pollution epidemiology: Considerations in time-series modeling.
Inhal. Toxicol. 7:71-83 (1995).
Ito, K., Kinney, P., Christie, E., and Thurston, G.D. Variations in PM10 concentrations within two
metropolitan areas and their implications to health effects analyses. Inhal. Toxicol. 7:735-745
(1995).
Waldman, J. M., Koutrakis, P., Allen, G.A., Thurston, G.D., Burton, R.M., and Wilson, W.E. Human
Exposures to Particle Strong Acidity. Inhal. Toxicol. 7:657-670 (1995).
Thurston, G. Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for
suspended particles: Discussant. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 45:667-668 (1995).
Kinney, P.L., Thurston, G.D., and Raizenne, M. (1996) The effects of ambient ozone on lung
function in children: a reanalysis of six summer camp studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 104:170-
174.
Thurston, G.D. A critical review of PMlO-mortality time-series studies. J. Exposure Anal, and
Environ. Epidemiol. 6:3-22 (1996).
Ozkaynak, H., Xue, J., Zhou, H., Spengler, J.D., and Thurston, G.D. Intercommunity Differences in
Acid Aerosol (H+)/Sulfate (S04+) Ratios. J. Exposure Anal, and Environ. Epidemiol. 6:57-78
(1996).
Ito, K. and Thurston, G.D. Daily PMlO/mortality associations: An investigation of at-risk
subpopulations. J. Exposure Anal, and Environ. Epidemiol. 6:79-96 (1996).
Lippmann, M. and Thurston, G.D. Sulfate concentrations as an indicator of ambient particulate
matter air pollution for health risk evaluations. J. Exposure Anal, and Environ. Epidemiol. 6:123-
146 (1996).
Thurston, G. D., Lippmann, M., Scott, M.B., and; Fine, J.M. Summertime haze air pollution and
children with asthma. Am. J. Respir. and Crit. Care Med. 155:654-660 (1997).
Thurston, G.D. Mandating the release of health research data: issues and implications. Tulane
Environmental Law Journal. 11(2):331-354 (1998).
Thurston, G.D. The health benefits of the U.S. EPA clean air standards. Pace Environmental Law
Review. 16:1 (1998)
Cassino, C., Ito, K., Bader, I., Ciotoli, C., Thurston, G., and Reibman, J. Cigarette smoking and
ozone-associated emergency department use for asthma by adults in New York City. Am. J.
Respir. Crit. Care Med.. 159:1773-1779(1999).
Gwynn, R.C., Burnett, R.T., and Thurston, G.D. A time-series analysis of acidic particulate matter
and daily mortality and morbidity in the Buffalo, New York, region. Environ. Health Perspect.
108(2): 125-133 (2000).
Cifuentes, L., Boija-Aburto, V., Gouveia, N., Thurston, G., and Davis, D. Assessment of the urban
air pollution benefits of global warming mitigation: Santiago, Sao Paulo, Mexico City, and New
York City. Environ. Health Perspect. 109, Supplement 3:419-425 (2001).
Thurston, G.D. and Ito K. Epidemiological studies of acute ozone exposures and mortality. J. Expo.
Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 11(4):286-294 (2001).
Gwynn, R.C. and Thurston, G.D. The burden of air pollution: Impacts in racial minorities. Environ.
Health Perspect. 109 Suppl 4:501-506 (2001).
A-67
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Cifuentes, L., Boija-Aburto, V.H., Gouveia, N., Thurston, G., and Davis, D.L. Climate change.
Hidden health benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation. Science 293(5533): 1257-1259 (2001).
Pope, C.A. Ill, Burnett, R.T., Thun, M.J., Calle, E.E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., and Thurston, G.D. Lung
cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. J. Am.
Med. Assoc. (JAMA) 287(9): 1132-1141 (2002).
Chen LC, Thurston G. World Trade Center Cough. Lancet. 2002 Dec;360 Suppl:s37-38.
Thurston GD, Chen LC. Risk communication in the aftermath of the World Trade Center disaster.
Am J Ind. Med. Dec;42(6):543-4 (2002).
De Leon SF, Thurston GD, Ito K. Contribution of respiratory disease to nonrespiratory mortality
associations with air pollution. Am JRespir Crit Care Med. Apr 15; 167(8): 1117-23 (2003).
Pope CA, Burnett R, Thurston, GD, Thun M, Calle E, Krewski, D, Godleski, J. Cardiovascular
Mortality and Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution: Epidemiological Evidence of
General Pathophysiological Pathways of Disease. Circulation Jan 6; 109 (l):71-7 (2004).
Landrigan PJ, Lioy PJ, Thurston G, Berkowitz G, Chen LC, Chillrud SN, Gavett SH, Georgopoulos
PG, Geyh AS, Levin S, Perera F, Rappaport SM, Small C; NIEHS World Trade Center Working
Group. Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center disaster. Environ
Health Perspect. May; 112(6):731-9 (2004).
Ito K, De Leon S, Thurston GD, Nadas A, Lippmann M. Monitor-to-monitor temporal correlation of
air pollution in the contiguous US. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. Jun: 16 (2004).
Ito K , Xue N, Thurston G. (2004). Spatial variation of pm2.5 chemical species and source-apportioned
mass concentrations in New York City. Atmos. Environ. 38: 5269-5282.
Lall R, Kendall M, Ito K, Thurston G. Estimation of historical annual pm2.5 exposures for health
effects assessment. Atmos. Environ. V38:31, pp. 5217-5226 (2004).
Maciejczyk, PB, Offenberg, JH, Clemente J, Blaustein M, Thurston G., Chen LC. Ambient pollutant
concentrations measured by a mobile laboratory in South Bronx, NY. Atmospheric Environment.
V38:31, pp. 5295-5304 (2004).
Restrepo C, Zimmerman R, Thurston G, Clemente J, Gorczynski J, Zhong M, Blaustein M, and Chen
LC. A comparison of ground-level air quality data with New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation monitoring stations data in South Bronx, New York. Atmospheric
Environment. V38:31, pp. 5283-5294 (2004).
Trasande L, and Thurston, GD. The role of air pollution in asthma and other pediatric morbidity. J. of
Allergy & Clinical Immunol. Apr;l 15(4):689-99 (2005).
Krewski D, Burnett R, Jerrett M, Pope CA, Rainham D, Calle E, Thurston G, Thun M. Mortality and
long-term exposure to ambient air pollution: ongoing analyses based on the American Cancer
Society cohort. J Toxicol. Environ Health A. Jul 9-23;68(13-14): 1093-109 (2005).
Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Ma R, Pope CA 3rd, Krewski D, Newbold KB, Thurston G, Shi Y, Finkelstein
N, Calle EE, Thun MJ. Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in Los Angeles.
Epidemiology. 2005 Nov;16(6):727-36.
Krewski D, Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Ma R, Hughes E, Shi Y, Turner MC, Pope CA 3rd, Thurston G,
Calle EE, Thun MJ, Beckerman B, DeLuca P, Finkelstein N, Ito K, Moore DK, Newbold KB,
Ramsay T, Ross Z, Shin H, Tempalski B. Extended follow-up and spatial analysis of the
American Cancer Society study linking particulate air pollution and mortality. Res Rep Health
Eff Inst. 2009 May;(140):5-114
A-68
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Thurston GD, Ito K, Mar T, Christensen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R,
Larson TV, Liu H, Neas L, Pinto J, Stolzel M, Suh H, Hopke PK. Workgroup report: workshop
on source apportionment of particulate matter health effects—intercomparison of results and
implications. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Dec; 113(12): 1768-74.
Ito K, Christensen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R, Larson TV, Neas L, Hopke
PK, Thurston GD. PM source apportionment and health effects: 2. An investigation of
intermethod variability in associations between source-apportioned fine particle mass and daily
mortality in Washington, DC. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2006 Jul;16(4):300-10.
Mar TF, Ito K, Koenig JQ, Larson TV, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R, Neas L,
Stolzel M, Paatero P, Hopke PK, Thurston GD. PM source apportionment and health effects. 3.
Investigation of inter-method variations in associations between estimated source contributions of
PM(2.5) and daily mortality in Phoenix, AZ. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2006. Jul;16(4):311-
20.
Hopke PK, Ito K, Mar T, Christensen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R, Larson
TV, Liu H, Neas L, Pinto J, Stolzel M, Suh H, Paatero P, Thurston GD., PM source
apportionment and health effects: 1. Intercomparison of source apportionment results. J Expo Sci
Environ Epidemiol. 2006 May;16(3):275-86.
Lall R and Thurston G. (2006). Identifying and quantifying transported vs. local sources of New
York City pm2.5 fine particulate matter air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 40: S333-S346.
Ito K, Thurston GD, Silverman RA. Characterization of PM2.5, gaseous pollutants, and
meteorological interactions in the context of time-series health effects models. J Expo Sci
Environ Epidemiol. 2007 Dec;17 Suppl 2:S45-60.
Kim JY, Burnett RT, Neas L, Thurston, G.D., Schwartz J, Tolbert PE, Brunekreef B, Goldberg MS,
Romieu I. Panel discussion review: session two—interpretation of observed associations between
multiple ambient air pollutants and health effects in epidemiologic analyses. J Expo Sci Environ
Epidemiol. 2007 Dec;17 Suppl 2:S83-9.
Ross Z, Jerrett M, Ito K, Tempalski, Thurston G. A land use regression for predicting fine particulate
matter concentrations in the New York City region. 2007. Atmospheric Environment. 41: 2255-
2269.
Jerrett M, Newbold KB, Burnett RT, Thurston G., Lall R., Pope C. A. Ill, Ma R, De Luca P, Thun
M., Calle J, Krewski D. Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. Geographies of uncertainty in the
health benefits of air quality improvements. 2007. Volume 21, No. 5: 511-522.
Ito K, Thurston GD, Silverman RA. Characterization of pm2.5, gaseous pollutants, and meteorological
interactions in the context of time-series health effects models. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.
2007 Dec; 17 Suppl 2:S45-60.
Bell ML, Davis DL, Cifuentes LA, Krupnick AJ, Morgenstern RD, Thurston GD. Ancillary human
health benefits of improved air quality resulting from climate change mitigation. Environ Health.
2008 Jul 31 ;7:41.
Thurston GD, Bekkedal MY, Roberts EM, Ito K, Arden Pope C 3rd, Glenn BS, Ozkaynak H, Utell
MJ. (2009). Use of health information in air pollution health research: Past successes and
emerging needs. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009 Jan;19(l):45-58. Epub 2008 Sep 10.
Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Pope C. A. Ill, Ito K, Thurston G.. Krewski D., Shi Y., Calle J, Thun M., The
Contribution of Long-Term Ozone Exposure to Mortality. NEJM. 360; 11 March 12, 2009.
A-69
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Ying Z, Kampfrath T, Thurston G, Farrar B, Lippmann M, Wang A, Sun Q, Chen LC, Rajagopalan
S. Ambient particulates alter vascular function through induction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen
species. Toxicol Sci. 2009 Sep;l 1 l(l):80-8. Epub 2009 Jan 30.
McKean-Cowdin R, Calle EE, Peters JM, Henley J, Hannan L, Thurston GD. Thun MJ, Preston-
Martin S. Ambient air pollution and brain cancer mortality. Cancer Causes Control. 2009
Nov;20(9): 1645-51. Epub 2009 Aug 15.
Smith KR, Jerrett M, Anderson HR, Burnett RT, Stone V, Derwent R, Atkinson RW, Cohen A,
Shonkoff SB, Krewski D, Pope CA 3rd, Thun MJ, Thurston G. Public health benefits of strategies
to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: health implications of short-lived greenhouse pollutants.
Lancet. 2009 Dec 19;374(9707):2091-103. Epub 2009 Nov 26.
Chen L; Hwang J; Lall, R; Thurston, G; Lippmann, M. Alteration of cardiac function in ApoE-/-
mice by subchronic urban and regional inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient PM 2.5.
Inhalation toxicology. 2010 Jun;22(7):580-92.
Spira-Cohen A, Chen LC, Kendall M, Sheesley R, Thurston GD. (2010). Personal exposures to
traffic-related particle pollution among children with asthma in the South Bronx, NY. J Expo Sci
Environ Epidemiol. 2010 Jul;20(5):446-56. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
Ito K, Mathes R, Ross Z, NadasA, Thurston G, and Matte T. Fine Particulate Matter Constituents
Associated with Cardiovascular Hospitalizations and Mortality in New York City Environmental
Health Perspectives (EHP). 2011 Apr; 119(4):467-73. [Epub Dec. 2010 ahead of print]
Lall R, Ito K, Thurston G. Distributed Lag Analyses of Daily Hospital Admissions and Source-
Apportioned Fine Particle Air Pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP). 2011 Apr;
119(4):455-60. [Epub Dec. 2010 ahead of print],
Zhou J, Ito K, Lall R, Lippmann M, Thurston G. Time-series Analysis of Mortality Effects of Fine
Particulate Matter Components in Detroit and Seattle. Environ Health Perspect. 2011
Apr;119(4):461-6. (Epub. Dec. 2010 ahead of print).
Spira-Cohen A, Chen LC, Kendall M, Lall R, Thurston GD. Personal Exposures to Traffic-Related
Air Pollution and Acute Respiratory Health Among Bronx School Children with Asthma.
Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Apr;l 19(4):559-65 (Epub. Dec. 2010 ahead of print)
Thurston G., Ito K, and Lall R. A Source Apportionment of U.S. Fine Particulate Matter Air
Pollution. Atmospheric Environment. 2011 Aug. 45(24): 3924-3936.
Brauer M, Amann M, Burnett RT, Cohen A, Dentener F, Ezzati M, Henderson SB, Krzyzanowski M,
Martin RV, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Thurston GD. (2012). Exposure Assessment for
Estimation of the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Outdoor Air Pollution. Environ Sci
Technol. 2012 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMTD: 22148428.
Restrepo CE, Simonoff JS, Thurston GD, Zimmerman R (2012) Asthma Hospital Admissions and
Ambient Air Pollutant Concentrations in New York City. Journal of Environmental Protection,
Vol. 3 No. 9, 2012, pp. 1102-1116.
Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. (2012) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases
and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
2010. Lancet. Dec 15; 380(9859):2197-223.
Lim S, Vos T, Flaxman A, et al. (2012) A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and
injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic
analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. Dec 15;380(9859):2224-60.
A-70
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George D. Thurston, Sc.D.
Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R et al. (2012). Years lived with disability (YLDs) for
1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global
Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet Dec 15; 380(9859): 2163-96.
Trasande L, Wong K, Roy A; Savitz D, and Thurston, G (2013) Exploring prenatal outdoor air
pollution, birth outcomes and neonatal health care utilization in a nationally representative
sample". JExpo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2013 May-Jun;23(3):315-21. doi: 10.1038/jes.2012.124.
Epub 2013 Jan 23.
Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Beckerman BS, Turner MC, Krewski D, Thurston G, Martin R, von Donkelaar
A, Hughes E, Shi Y, Gapstur SM, Thun MJ, Pope CA 3rd. (2013) Spatial Analysis of Air
Pollution and Mortality in California. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Sep 1; 188(5): 593-9.
Murray CJ, Abraham J, Ali MK, Alvarado M, et al. (2013) US Burden of Disease Collaborators. The
State of US Health, 1990-2010: Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors. JAMA. 2013 Aug
14;310(6):591-608.
Thurston GD. (2013). Mitigation Policy: Health Co-Benefits. Nature Climate Change. Oct. (3) 863-
864.
A-71
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Appendix B: Peer Reviewer Conflict of Interest Certification
B-l
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ATTACHMENT E
COMFUCT OF INTEREST CERTIFICATION
Subcontractor;
Francm* Udan
EPA Contract No.
EP-C-12-017
EPA. Work ABsignnitfit No,.; 2-1 6
In aoconfence with EPAAR 1552,209-71 (Organizational Conflicts d InlamsQ, EPAAR 1552.209-73
(Noiiflcalitn of OortfctB o! Interest Regarding Personnel), and this Agreement, Suteonfaclflf makes His
foOowtng arti«cal«tt#*rfaiifci;
To the test of m* knew<,dgy af a fcatef. no Hca-d or CiOienOat ttffanizaional conflicts of Merest
exist, In addition, nor* of At MM* proposed for work under tW» work assignm W»R order tns
any personal conflicts d interest.
To tie best or my knowMfce and hoJkrf, •*» actual« wt^tial oiganfealional andpanonal
mini cis vt term' tmm been reported to t w LHti Fioject Manager. M applicable aBacfed te i letter
Jsetesirii th» ccwitfiet »1 interest.
TWs is1ft awtily thai our personnel who perform work under this- work assignmentflask order, or relating to
tils wertc astfii*n«irtask otder. haw been informed ol their eM-plton to report peraooai and
oiganizaflonat oonfiteta of interest
Subcontractor recognizes lis continuing obligation to search for, kfentiy, and report to the IRQ Project _
Itiaimitf any actual or potential CKgaitizafle-ia. or p»!rswwnl cxrtf «'ts o* mtenntB that aw »st AirSn® We
performance of this wmk assignment/task order or weA relating to this wotk malpmenHMk order.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONAL CONFUCTS OF INTEREST
triad Signal
Franoino Lalon
Printed Nam#
f]sso-a«k fhtfcswr
B-3
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ATTACHMENTE
CONFLICT OF INTEREST CERTIFICATION
StttentraGlor*
James Rij»«I4 Restarts
EPA Contract No,
EP-C-ia-017
EPA Work Assignment Ne,: 2-1S
In acceptance will EPMft 1652.209.71 (0ifanl2ilc»imi Conflicts of Eitterest), EPAAR lUfc8M-73
{NotHfcatfon of Cerllcis of mtwest'ReQBMbi and ttiis Agroomem, Subcontractor makes th»
fdloMrirtp fiwtifrca*Iorrfwtrf»ii«.;
TO tteijttt of my taiowledge and belief, no actual or potential organlitiforaf eotifiiel® affiliates!
exist in addition, none of ill# individuals proposed for wmic under ft® work, assjgnriwnt/task orcter has
any perioral ecrtlicte of Mmrm,
To t» best el my knowledge mm islet, all actual or potential «sanizaife rei and personal
conflicts of interest haw been repomdl to the ERA Prefect Managtt If applea&s#, sitacfwd is a Maw
disclosing tlie conflict of rnierast;
Tn» • td certify mm fflanl2tti©nal wrtf lets of interest.
Siscantfistor leeognfaet its. continuing obipfcfi ® search for, identify, end report lo fit 6RG Prefect
Manages any actual or potential organisational or person,ml' conflicts of Merest® that may arise during The
performance of Hit worfe assignment/test J • - ¦ mm¥mk 0(Xte,_
mmmmmAL mi personal conflicts ofwtebcst
. AaWefSaecJ S^siaiuw
Primed Name
m-P
fie
B-5
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ATTACHMENT E
CONFLICT OF INTEREST CERTIFICATION
Subcontractor:
Georgp D, Thurston
EPA Contract ;Mo>.
FP G 12 317
EPA Work Assignment No.: 2-16
In accordance with EPAAR 1552,209-7! (Organizational Conflicts of Interest), EPAAR t§62,209-73
(NoHicatton of Cflfiilets of Interest Regarding Personnel}. and ihis Agreement, Subcontractor makes the
fel«#ing certiflcmtkns/warf'arrties:
To fine best cl my knowledge arid belief, no actual or potential organizational ®nflcfs of Interest
exist, fn addition, none of the Wlvieluals proposed for work under Ihis work assignment/task order has
any personal conflicts of interest.
To the bust of my knowledge and tele!. all actual or potential organizational and personal
conflicts of Merest have been reported t»ttn» 1 in* Inject Manager, if applicable, attached •« a letter
disclosing the conflSet of interest
This is to oertify lha! our personnel who perform wortc under this worfc assignment/task order,«relating to
this work, assignment/task order, have been informed of their obligation to report personal and
organizational conflicts of interest
Subcontractor recognizes its continuing obligation to search for. Identify, and report to fw ERG Project
Manager any actual or potential organiz; that may arte during the
performance ef this work assig rwiemi/tai ignmenl/task order.
ORQANECATIOIIAL AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF" fNTEFEf B7
OR;
jorge if, I hureton
inted Name '
3 - /7- ff
Date
B-7
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