PEER REVIEW DRAFT, DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Chemical Safety and
Pollution Prevention
Draft Risk Evaluation for
Methylene Chloride
(Dichloromethane, DCM)
Systematic Review Supplemental File:
Data Extraction Tables for Consumer and Environmental
Exposure Studies
October 2019
NOTICE: This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer
review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by
EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or
policy. It is being circulated for review of its technical accuracy and science policy implications.
CASRN: 75-09-2
H
1

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Monitoring Data Extracted for Methylene Chloride for Indoor Air, Personal Breathing Zone, Surface Water, and Wastewater
K)
Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Indoor Air (jig/m3)
US
CA (five regions)
Commercial/Public
Commercial buildings
(n= 37), 1 m from
floor: Fleet service /
Gas station
convenience store,
Dentist office /
Healthcare facility,
Grocery / Restaurant,
Hair salon / Gym,
Office, Miscellaneous,
Retail
2011
40(1)
1.68
ND to
17.1
NR (mean);
0.83 (GM)

1062239
(Wu et al..
2011)
High
US
CA
School
Early childhood
education facilities
(n=34) at sample
height of 1 m.
2010-
2011
34 (0.03)
0.36
0.36 to
0.5
0.36
(mean);
0.36
(median)
1.3
3453092
(Hoana et
al.. 2016)
High
us
Detroit, MI area
Residential
Homes (n=126) with
children with asthma
2009-
2010
126
(0.06)
0.71
ND to
7.85
0.54
(mean);
0.71
(median)
0.91
2443355
(Chin et al..
2014)
High
us
Boston, MA
Residential
Garage of residences
2004-
2005
16(0.25)
0.39 to
1.25
ND to
147
(95th)
9.8 (mean);
0.3
(median)
36
1065844
(Dodson et
al.. 2008)
High
us
Boston, MA
Residential
Apartment hallway of
residences
2004-
2005
10(0.2)
0.39 to
1.25
ND to 15
(95th)
2.6 (mean);
0.4
(median)
4.6
1065844
(Dodson et
al.. 2008)
High
us
Boston, MA
Residential
Basement of
residences
2004-
2005
52 (0.42)
0.39 to
1.25
ND to
0.66
(95th)
9.5 (mean);
0.4
(median)
28
1065844
(Dodson et
al.. 2008)
High

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CO
Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
Boston, MA
Residential
Interior room of
residences
2004-
2005
83 (0.4)
0.39 to
1.25
ND to 10
(95th)
0.28
(mean);
0.21
(median)
8.7
1065844
(Dodson et
al., 2008)
High
US
NR
Commercial/Public
(Near Source:
printmaking)
Printmaking art studio
at a university (n =1).
Mechanically vented
second-floor studio,
with area samples
collected near a
cleaning station and in
the middle of the
studio during a
printmaking session.
2002
18 (NR)
NR
NR
27.2
(mean); 9.6
(median)
0.5
49414
(Rvan et al..
2002)
High
us
NR
Commercial/Public
Non-art related floor at
a university, three
floors above a
printmaking floor with
separate ventilation (n
=1). Area samples
collected from
hallway.
2002
18(<1)
NR
ND to
NR
0.2 (mean);
0.25
(median)
0.9
49414
(Rvan et al.,
2002)
High
us
Los Angeles, CA
Residential
Homes (n=32) in
inner-city
neighborhood,
sampled in the fall
2000
32(1)
0.22
0.2 to 4.3
1.4 (mean);
1.1
(median)
1.2
1066049
(Sax et al.,
2004)
High

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Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
Los Angeles, CA
Residential
Homes (n=40) in
inner-city
neighborhood,
sampled in the winter
2000
40 (0.95)
0.27
0.27 to
8.7
2.4 (mean);
1.9
(median)
2
1066049
(Sax et al..
2004)
High
US
Minneapolis, MN
Residential
Indoors in the child's
primary residence,
during the spring.
2000
113
(0.20)
NR
ND to
1.2 (90th)
NR (mean);
0.3
(median)

632310
(Adaate et
al.. 2004)
Medium
us
Minneapolis, MN
Residential
Indoors in the child's
primary residence,
during the winter.
2000
113
(0.23)
NR
ND to
1.3 (90th)
NR (mean);
0.4
(median)

632310
(Adaate et
al.. 2004)
Medium
us
Minneapolis, MN
School
Indoors in five
randomly selected
classrooms in each
school, during the
spring.
2000
113
(0.02)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
0.3
(median)

632310
(Adaate et
al.. 2004)
Medium
us
Minneapolis, MN
School
Indoors in five
randomly selected
classrooms in each
school, during the
winter.
2000
113
(0.02)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
0.4
(median)

632310
(Adaate et
al.. 2004)
Medium
us
New York, NY
Residential
Homes (n=30) in
inner-city
neighborhood,
sampled in the summer
1999
30 (0.28)
1.63
1.63 to
176
10 (mean);
1.4
(median)
32.9
1066049
(Sax et al..
2004)
High

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Ul
Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
New York, NY
Residential
Homes (n=36) in
inner-city
neighborhood,
sampled in the winter
1999
36 (0.97)
0.22
0.2 to 69
5.5 (mean);
2.2
(median)
12.3
1066049
(Sax et al..
2004)
High
US
Southeast Chicago
Residential
Urban homes (n=10)
sampled over a 10-
month period.
Stationary samples
were collected from
the kitchen in the
breathing zone.
1994-
1995
48(1)
NR
0.76 to
1190
140 (mean);
60.5
(median)
235
31210
(Van
Winkle and
Scheff.
2001)
High
us
Denver, CO
Residential
VOCs from homes,
pre-occupancy (n=8)
1994
9 (0.78)
0.14
0.14 to
NR
2.64
(mean);
1.57
(median)
2.63
78782
(Lindstrom
et al.. 1995)
Medium
CA
NR
Residential
Homes (n=6), main
floor
1987
6(1)
NR
4 to NR
26.9
(mean); NR
(median)

27974
(Chan et al..
1990)
Medium
CA
NR
Residential
Homes (n=12), main
floor
1986
12 (0.92)
NR
ND to
NR
9.1 (mean);
NR
(median)

27974
(Chan et al..
1990)
Medium
SA
Kuwait
Residential
Houses (n=20),
sampled from living
room
1998
226
(0.66)
0.26
ND to
NR
NR (mean)
1.36
1744157
(Bouhamra
and
Elkilani.
1999)
Medium

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CD
Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
CN
NR
Commercial/Public
Non-office premises
(n=10) including one
library, one social
services center, two
customer services
centers, two shopping
malls, two recreational
building units, one
reception area and one
training center under
renovation. 1.1 rn
above the floor level.
1998-
2000
10(0.9)
0.2
ND to
35.8
14.1
(mean);
10.7
(median);
7.41 (GM)
9.6
824555
(Chao and
Chan, 2001)
Medium
CN
Metropolitan area
Commercial/Public
Restaurants (n=4) in
urban area, ventilated
using central air-
conditioning systems.
Samples collected
during dinner or lunch
in main seating area.
2000
16(1)
0.2
0.9 to
139
7.1 (mean);
NR
(median)

1642248
(Lee et al.,
2001)
Medium
CN
Southern China
Commercial/Public
New hotels (n=13),
sampled from 1 meter
above floor
2006-
2007
13 (NR)
NR
NR to 34
10 (mean);
NR
(median)
4.53
1978790
(Chan et al..
2011)
High

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Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
CN
Beijing
Residential
50 residences during
the heating season
(December 2011) and
50 residences during
the non-heating season
(April/May 2012).
2011-
2012
100 (NR)
NR
NR to
780
12.5
(mean);
4.05
(median);
(GM)

3449449
(Duan et al..
2016)
High
CN
Shanghai
Residential
Eight residences that
had been renovated
within the previous
year. Three sampling
sites were used in each
participating residence
(the living room,
bedroom, and study).
2015
8 (NR.)
NR
NR
47.43
(mean);
15.48
(median)

3453725
(Dai et al..
2017)
High
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
Houses (n=30),
sampled from
bedrooms
1995
238(1)
NR
0.769 to
1790
108 (mean);
NR
(median);
36.1 (GM)

3545469
(Amaaai et
al.. 1999)
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
Houses (n=30),
sampled from
bathrooms.
1995
117(1)
NR
0.75 to
1030
56.2
(mean); NR
(median);
22.3	(GM)

3545469
(Amaaai et
al.. 1999)
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
Houses (n=30),
sampled from living
rooms
1995
237(1)
NR
1.13 to
2280
112 (mean);
NR
(median);
33.1 (GM)

3545469
(Amaaai et
al.. 1999)
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
Houses (n=30),
sampled from kitchens.
1995
116(1)
NR
1.46 to
1950
109 (mean);
NR
(median);
34.6 (GM)

3545469
(Amaaai et
al.. 1999)
Medium

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00
Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
Houses (n=13),
samples collected from
living rooms
1995
51(1)
NR
2.57 to
341
58.1
(mean); NR
(median);
35 (GM)

3545469
(Amaaai et
al.. 1999)
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
Houses (n=13),
samples collected from
kitchens
1995
51(1)
NR
3.81 to
368
62.6
(mean); NR
(median);
38.7	(GM)

3545469
(Amaaai et
al.. 1999)
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
Houses (n=13),
samples collected from
bedrooms
1995
50(1)
NR
1.04 to
305
55.7
(mean); NR
(median);
35.4 (GM)

3545469
(Amaaai et
al.. 1999)
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
Houses (n=13),
sampled from
bathrooms.
1995
51(1)
NR
2.79 to
294
46 (mean);
NR
(median);
31.5 (GM)

3545469
(Amaaai et
al.. 1999)
Medium
Personal Breathing Zone (jig/m3)
US
NR
Commercial/Public
(Near Source:
printniaking)
12 students and 1
faculty member in
university art
(printmaking) studio.
Mechanically
ventilated second-
floor.
2002
90 (NR)
NR
NR
4.9 (mean);
2.6
(median)
8.4
49414
(Rvan et al..
2002)
High
US
Minneapolis, MN
Residential
In personal breathing
zones, during the
spring.
2000
113
(0.17)
NR
NR
0.3
(median)

632310
(Adaate et
al.. 2004)
Medium

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CD
Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
Minneapolis, MN
Residential
In personal breathing
zones, during the
winter.
2000
113
(0.19)
NR
NR
0.4
(median)

632310
(Adaate et
al., 2004)
Medium
US
Minneapolis-St.
Paul, MN
General
Adults, non-smoking
(n=70) living in three
neighborhoods: (inner-
city/economically
disadvantaged, blue-
collar/near
manufacturing plants,
and affluent)
1999
333 (1)
NR
NR
6.7 (mean);
1.4
(median)

730121
(Sexton et
al., 2007)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Department Stores
(n=10).
2004
5 (NR)
2.55
ND to
10.5
2.04 (GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Drug Stores (11= 8)
2003
7 (NR)
2.55
ND to
9.67
2.31 (GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Electronics Stores
(ii=9)
2004
7 (NR)
2.55
ND to
4.75
1.06 (GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High

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o
Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Furniture Stores
(ii=ll)
2003
6 (NR)
2.55
ND to 14.5
1.275
(GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
US
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Grocery Stores (n=16)
2003
12 (NR)
2.55
ND to 6.13
1.275
(GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Hardware Stores
(n=32)
2003-
2004
23 (NR)
2.55
4.17 to 123
11.12
(GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Home Stores (11= 16)
2003
7 (NR)
2.55
ND to 3.64
1.275
(GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Multipurpose Stores
(n=24)
2003-
2005
15 (NR)
2.55
ND to 9.36
3.97 (GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Sporting Goods
Stores (n=14)
2003
7 (NR)
2.55
ND to 7.45
1.275
(GM)

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Dining Stores (n=20)
2004
20 (NR)
2.55
ND to 90.3
NR

2442846
(Loh et al.,
2006)
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan Area
Commercial/Public
Transportation Stores
(ii=5)
2003-
2004
21 (NR)
2.55
ND to 1.46
1.275
(GM)

2442846
(Loh et al..
2006)
High

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Country
St ate/C ity/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Surface Water (ng/L)
US
NR
Background
Nation-wide; Surface
water for drinking
water sources (rivers
and reservoirs)
1999-
2000
375
(0.0027)
0.2
ND to
2.6
NR
NR
3975046
(Usgs.
2003)
Medium
US to CL
NR
Background
Eastern Pacific Ocean
(California, US to
Valparaiso, Chile)
1979-
1981
30 (0.93)
0.0004
ND to
0.008
0.0031
(mean); NR
(median)
0.0032
29192
(Sinah et
al.. 1983)
Medium
BR
NR
Background
Santo Antonio da
Patrulha, Tres Coroas,
and Parobe in the
Sinos River Basin;
River samples
collected from seven
points on the three
main rivers of the
Sinos River Basin
2012-
2013
60 (0.72)
NR
ND to
0.0058
0.0019
(mean)
NR
3489827
(Bianchi et
al.. 2017)
Medium
CN
NR
Background
Daliao River (n=20
sites), heavily
industrialized
2011
20 (0.75)
0.675
ND to
4.47
0.678
(mean)
NR
3488897
(Ma et al..
2014)
High
EU
NR
Background
Estuaries of the
Scheldt, Thames,
Loire, Rhine
1997-
1999
73(1)
NR
0.0003 to
4.98
NR
NR
3242836
(Christof et
al.. 2002)
High

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No. of

Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Country
State/City /Region
Site
Year
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
FR
NR
Background
Paris; River samples
(raw) collected from
the River Seine
(n=14 stations),
River Marne (n=l
station) and River
Oise (n=l station).
Wastewater
treatment plants are
located on the river.
1994-
1995
43(1)
NR
0.016 to
4.92
1.004
(mean);
0.473
(median)
1.218
3587944
(Duclos et
al., 2000)
Medium
JP
NR
Background
Osaka; Rivers and
estuaries (30 sites) in
industrialized city
1993-
1995
136 (NR)
NR
NRto
134
1.7
(median)
NR
645789
(Yamamoto
etal.. 1997)
High
Wastewater (ug/L)
IR
NR
Near Facilit\>
(WWTP for
automotive
manufacturing
industry')
Influent wastewater
2012
15 (NR)
NR
NR
64 (mean)
12
2667557
(Abtahi et
al.. 2013)
Medium
IR
NR
Near Facilit\>
(WWTP for
automotive
manufacturing
industry')
Effluent following
treatment by flow
equalization basin,
primary
sedimentation tank,
conventional
activated sludge
process
2012
15(0)
NR
ND


2667557
(Abtahi et
al.. 2013)
Medium
KR
Nation-wide
Near Facility
(industrial WWTPs)
Influent/Effluent
2012
81
1
1 to 120
5 (median)

3580141
(Lee et al.,
2015)
Medium

-------
KR
Nation-wide
Near Facilit\>
2012
81
1
ND
—
—
3580141
(Lee et al..
Medium


(industrial WWTPs)







2015)



Effluent









Study Info: The information provided includes the HERO ID and citation; country and year samples collected; number of samples and detection frequency.
Abbreviations: If a value was not reported, it is shown in this table as ND = not detected at the reported detection limit; GM = geometric mean; DF = detection frequency; NR
= Not reported.
The following abbreviations are for countries/continents: BR = Brazil; CA = Canada; CL = Chile; CN = China; EU = Europe; FR = France; IR = Iran; .TP = Japan; KR = Korea;
SA = Saudi Arabia; US = United States.
Parameters: All statistics are shown as reported in the study. All minimum values determined to be less than the detection limit are shown in this table as "ND". If a maximum
value was not provided, the highest percentile available is shown (as indicated in parentheses); if a minimum value was not provided, the lowest percentile available is shown (as
indicated in parentheses).

-------
DCM Biomonitoring Studies
Systematic review identified biomonitoring measurements from only one source, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES), conducted by CDC's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The survey is "a complex, stratified, multistage, probability-
cluster design survey" designed to collect data on the health and nutrition of a representative sample of the US population. Based on subsamples of
approximately 2,500 participates in each 2-year survey cycle, the concentration of methylene chloride in blood of males and females age 12 to 60+
yrs were non-detect between 2003 and 2016. Detection limits varied between 0.07 and 0.25 ng/mL (C'dc. 2019).
Note, only CDC 2017 was identified in systematic review which has data from 2003-2008. The 2019 report had the same data, plus new data
through 2016.
References
Abtahi. M; Naddafi. K; Mesdaghinia. A; Yaghmaeian. K; Nabizadeh. R; Jaafarzadeh. N; Rastkari. N; Saeedi. R; Nazmara. S. (2013).
Dichloromethane emissions from automotive manufacturing industry in Iran: Case study of the SAIPA automotive manufacturing
company. Toxicol Environ Chem 95: 757-764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2Q13.821126
Adgate. JL; Church. TR; Ryan. AD; Ramachandran. G; Fredrickson. AL; Stock. TH: Morandi. MT; Sexton. K. (2004). Outdoor, indoor, and
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