* — \
*1 PROt^
DOCUMENTATION FOR THE FINAL 2002
NONPOINT SECTOR (FEB 06 VERSION)
NATIONAL EMISSION INVENTORY FOR
CRITERIA AND HAZARDOUS AIR
POLLUTANTS
-------
-------
EPA-454/B-20-014
July 2006
DOCUMENTATION FOR THE FINAL 2002 NONPOINT SECTOR (FEB 06 VERSION)
NATIONAL EMISSION INVENTORY FOR CRITERIA AND HAZARDOUS AIR
POLLUTANTS
Prepared by:
E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
3622 Lyckan Parkway, Suite 2002
Durham, NC 27707
Prepared for:
Emissions Inventory and Analysis Group (C339-02)
Air Quality Assessment Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Contract No. 68-D-02-063
Work Order Nos. 2-11, 3-02, and 4-01
Pechan Report No. 05.10.001/9014.401
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Air Quality Assessment Division
Research Triangle Park, NC
-------
[This page intentionally left blank.]
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS -vi-
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 What Is the National Emissions Inventory? 1-1
1.2 What Are the Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants? 1-1
1.3 Why Did the EPA Create the NEI for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants? 1-2
1.4 What Are Nonpoint Sources? 1-3
1.5 Evolution of the 2002 Nonpoint Source NEI 1-4
1.5.1 Preliminary 2002 NEI (January 2004 Version) 1-4
1.5.2 Draft 2002 NEI (March 2005 Version) 1-4
1.5.3 Final 2002 NEI (February 2006 Version) 1-5
1.6 Uses of the Nonpoint Source NEI 1-5
1.7 Report Organization 1-6
2.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE DRAFT 2002 NONPOINT SOURCE NEI 2-1
2.1 What is the Final 2002 Nonpoint Source NEI? 2-1
2.2 Who Provided an Original Inventory Submittal to EPA for the Draft NEI? 2-1
2.3 Who Provided Comments on the Draft NEI? 2-4
2.4 What is EPA's Policy for Accepting State/Local/Tribal Inventories? 2-4
2.4.1 Animal Husbandry NH3 Emissions 2-4
2.4.2 Agricultural Fertilizer NH3 Emissions 2-7
2.4.3 Dioxins and Furans 2-7
2.4.4 Gasoline Distribution 2-8
2.4.5 Natural Sources 2-9
2.4.6 Portable Fuel Containers 2-9
2.4.7 Tribal Inventories 2-15
2.4.8 Wildfires, Prescribed Burning, and Rangeland Burning 2-15
2.5 What did EPA do with the State/Local Comments on the Draft NEI? 2-15
2.5.1 Initial Processing and QA of Inventories 2-16
2.5.2 Feedback to the S/L/T Agencies 2-17
2.5.3 Additional QA Review and Resolution of QA Issues 2-17
2.6 How do I Find My Inventory Data? 2-17
2.6.1 Summary Files 2-17
2.6.2 Data Source Codes 2-18
2.7 What are the Categories in the Final 2002 NEI for which EPA Prepared 2002 Estimates
or Carried Forward Estimates from the 1999 NEI? 2-23
2.8 What Revisions did EPA Make to the Final NEI After Incorporating State/Local
Comments on the Draft NEI? 2-31
2.8.1 Corrections to Source Classification Codes (SCCs) 2-31
2.8.2 Corrections to Pollutant Codes 2-31
2.8.3 Solvent Utilization HAP Emissions 2-36
2.8.4 Fossil Fuel Combustion 2-39
-in-
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
2.8.5 Gasoline Distribution 2-45
2.8.6 PM Augmentation 2-46
2.8.7 HAP Reconciliation 2-52
2.8.8 Assignment of Process MACT Codes, MACT Compliance Status Codes, and
MACT Flags 2-56
2.8.9 Point Source Adjustments for Nonpoint Categories Other Than ICI Fossil
Fuel Combustion and Solvent Utilization 2-67
2.8.10 Additional QA Review 2-68
3.0 INTERPRETATION AND USE OF THE 2002 NONPOINT SOURCE INVENTORY . 3-1
3.1 What Are the Limitations to the Source Categories Included Here? 3-1
3.1.1 General 3-1
3.1.2 Non-2002 Data 3-1
3.1.3 Categories Not Included 3-2
3.1.4 Coverage gaps 3-3
3.1.5 Category Double Counting 3-3
3.2 What Are the Limitations of the Emissions Data? 3-4
3.2.1 Methods 3-4
3.2.2 Facility Double Counting 3-4
3.2.3 Spatial Allocation 3-5
3.2.4 Emission Reductions Due to State/Local Regulations 3-5
3.3 How Does This Inventory Comply with the Information Quality Guidelines? 3-5
3.3.1 Purpose 3-5
3.3.2 Product Content - Inputs, Methodologies, and Outputs 3-6
3.3.3 Product Limitations and Caveats 3-6
3.3.4 Contact Information 3-7
3.3.5 Changes Subsequent to the February 2006 Ver of the NEI 3-7
4.0 REFERENCES 4-1
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP Emissions Estimation Methodology A-l
Appendix B - Electronic Appendix Containing Data Sets Used to Spatially Allocate National
Activity Data and Emissions to Counties B-l
Appendix C - Emission Factors and County-Level Activity Data Used to Calculate 2002
Emissions by Category C-l
Appendix D - Electronic Appendix Summary of Changes Made to State, Local, and Tribal
(S/L/T) Inventory Data to Prepare the Draft and the Final 2002 Nonpoint Source NEI . D-l
-iv-
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
TABLES
Page
2-1. Summary of State and Local Agencies that Provided Original Emission Inventory
Submittals for the Draft 2002 Nonpoint NEI 2-2
2-2. Summary of Tribal Authorities that Provided Original Emission Inventory Submittals
Included in the Draft 2002 Nonpoint NEI 2-3
2-3. Summary of State and Local Agencies that Provided Comments
Included in the Final 2002 Nonpoint NEI 2-5
2-4. Summary of Tribal Authorities Who Provided Data for the Final 2002 Nonpoint NEI . . 2-6
2-5. Dioxin and Furan Pollutant Codes Removed from the Final 2002 NEI 2-8
2-6. Categories of Natural Sources (Biogenic and Geogenic) Removed from Draft 2002
Nonpoint NEI 2-10
2-7. Source Categories for which EPA Prepared an Emissions Inventory for the 2002 Nonpoint
NEI 2-23
2-8. Source Categories for Which 1999 NEI Emissions Were Carried Forward to the 2002
NEI (1999 NEI Emissions Estimated by EPA) 2-27
2-9. Source Categories for Which 1999 NEI Emissions Were Carried Forward to the 2002
NEI (1999 NEI Emissions Estimated by a State or Local Agency) 2-28
2-10. Revisions to SCCs in the Final Nonpoint NEI 2-32
2-11. Revisions to Pollutant Codes 2-34
2-12. SCCs for which 16-PAH was Changed to 15-PAH or Naphthalene in the Final Nonpoint
NEI 2-35
2-13. Solvent Categories for which EPA Prepared a 2002 Emissions Inventory for VOC and
HAPs 2-37
2-14. Destructive VOC Control Devices for Point Source Solvent Utilization Categories .. 2-38
2-15. Revised HAP Emission Factors for ICI Coal Combustion 2-41
2-16. Adjustments to PM Emissions for ICI and Residential Natural Gas and LPG Stationary
Source Fuel Combustion 2-44
2-17. Summary of State/Local Agency Comments and EPA Disposition of Comments .... 2-47
2-18. SCCs for which PM25-PRI Emissions were Estimated by Applying a Ratio to the PM10-
PRI Emissions in the S/L/T inventory 2-50
2-19. Revisions to PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL Emissions for Paved and Unpaved Roads
and Construction 2-51
2-20. HAP Categories Reviewed for Double Counting of Emissions 2-54
2-21. Summary of Process MACT Codes and Process MACT Compliance Status Codes Used in
the Final 2002 Nonpoint NEI 2-58
2-22. Source Categories for Process MACT Codes that were Removed from the NEI 2-65
3-1. 2002 NEI Nonpoint Carry Forward Source Categories That Do Not Have a 1999 Base
Year 3-2
-v-
-------
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AHS
American Housing Survey
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
AvGas
aviation gasoline
BACM
best available control measure
BEIS
Biogenic Emission Inventory System
BELD
Biogenic Emissions Land Cover Database
BLS
Bureau of Labor Statistics
CAA
Clean Air Act
CAP
criteria air pollutant
CAS
Chemical Abstract Service (number)
CBP
County Business Patterns
CDD
cooling degree day
CE
control efficiency
CERR
Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule
CMU
Carnegie Mellon University
CO
carbon monoxide
D&B
Dun & Bradstreet
DOC
Department of Commerce
EIAG
Emissions Inventory and Analysis Group
EIA
Energy Information Administration
EIIP
Emission Inventory Improvement Program
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ESD
Emission Standards Division
FHWA
Federal Highway Administration
FIRE
Factor Information REtrieval (database)
FIPS
Federal Information Processing Standards
HAP
hazardous air pollutant
HDD
heating degree day
IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer
IC
internal combustion
ICI
industrial, commercial, and institutional
LPG
liquified petroleum gas
LTO
landing-take off
MACT
maximum achievable control technology
MMGAL
million gallons
MMGD
million gallons per day
MSW
municipal solid waste
MTBE
Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether
NAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAICS
North American Industrial Classification System
NAPAP
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
NATA
National Air Toxics Assessment
-vi-
-------
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (continued)
NEI
National Emissions Inventory
NEMA
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
nh3
ammonia
NIF
NEI Input Format
NMIM
National Mobile Inventory Model
no2
nitrogen dioxide
N0X
oxides of nitrogen
NOF
NEI Output Format
NTI
National Toxics Inventory
03
ozone
PAD
Petroleum Administration District
PAH
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Pb
lead
PE
precipitation-evaporation
PM
particulate matter
PM-CON
condensible particulate matter
PM10-FIL
filterable particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of
10 micrometers or less
PM10-PRI
primary particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of
10 micrometers or less
PM2.5-FIL
filterable particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of
2.5 micrometers or less
PM2.5-PRI
primary particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of
2.5 micrometers or less
RPO
Regional Planning Organization
POM
polycyclic organic matter
POTW
Publicly-Owned Treatment Works
QA
quality assurance
QC
quality control
QCEW
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
RIPA
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association
RVP
Reid vapor pressure
RWC
residential wood combustion
SCAQMD
South Coast Air Quality Management District
see
source classification code
SIC
Standard Industrial Classification (code)
SIP
State Implementation Plan
S/L/T
State, Local, and Tribal
so2
sulfur dioxide
TCDD
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
TCDF
2,3,7,8 -tetrachl orodib enzofuran
TEL
tetraethyl lead
-vii-
-------
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (continued)
TEQ
toxic equivalent
tpy
tons per year
U.S.
United States
USD A
U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS
U.S. Geological Survey
VOC
volatile organic compound
-viii-
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 What Is the National Emissions Inventory?
The National Emissions Inventory (NEI) is a comprehensive inventory of the amount and
types of air pollutants emitted into the atmosphere annually by various sources for all areas of
the United States. The air pollutants maintained in the NEI include the pollutants that contribute
to the formation of one or more of the six criteria air pollutants (CAPs) and regional haze, and
the 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) listed in the Clean Air Act (CAA). Sources include
point source facility-specific data, mobile source data, and nonpoint (area) source data. The
emission estimates are based on many factors, including actual monitored readings, levels of
industrial activity, fuel consumption, vehicle miles traveled, and other activities that cause air
pollution. The NEI is created by the Emissions Inventory and Analysis Group (EIAG) of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. This report presents an overview of how the nonpoint source component of the final
2002 NEI was compiled.
1.2 What Are the Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants?
The CAA, as amended in 1990, established a list of 188 HAPs that cause or may cause
cancer or other serious health effects in humans, and may also cause adverse environmental and
ecological effects. The list of the 188 HAPs and their Chemical Abstract Service (CAS)
numbers are available at, http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/atw/allabout.html#what.
Under the CAA, EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) to
protect the public health and public welfare. NAAQS have been established for ozone (03),
nitrogen dioxide (N02), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (S02), primary particulate matter
with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 10 and 2.5 micrometers (PM10-PRI and PM25-
PRI) or less, and lead (Pb). These pollutants are referred to as the "criteria air pollutants" or
CAPs (note that Pb is also included in the list of 188 HAPs and is typically tracked only as a
1-1
-------
HAP). The EPA includes in the NEI emissions for the pollutants that contribute to the formation
of CAPs. These pollutants include volatile organic compounds (VOC), CO, oxides of nitrogen
(NOx), S02, PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI, ammonia (NH3), and Pb. In addition, because PM10-
PRI and PM25-PRI are the sum of the filterable (FIL) and condensible (CON) fractions of
PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI; PM10-FIL, PM25-FIL, and PM-CON are carried in the NEI when
(1) provided by State, Local, and Tribal (S/L/T) agencies; or (2) when calculated by EPA to
support development of PM10-PRI or PM25-PRI emissions.
1.3 Why Did the EPA Create the NEI for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants?
The EPA produces the NEI for CAPs and HAPs for various base years. These data are
needed by EPA, Regional Planning Organizations (RPOs), and S/L/T agencies to evaluate
emissions trends in each State and to compare emission trends between States. The NEI is also
used as a basis for various modeling and regulatory analyses. The CAA, as amended in 1990,
includes many mandates for the EPA related to CAPs and HAPs. The NEI is a tool that EPA
uses to meet the CAA mandates. Also, the NEI is used by RPOs and S/L/T agencies to evaluate
air pollution trends and regulatory programs. Finally, the NEI contains the data used to produce
EPA's Air Trends Reports.
Prior to the 2002 base year, the NEI and predecessor inventories for CAPs and HAPs were
prepared separately. Starting with the 2002 base year, EPA synchronized the methodologies for
preparing the CAP and HAP emissions in order to base the emissions on the same activity basis.
However, as discussed later in this report, 2002 activity data were not available for calculating
CAP and HAP emissions for all nonpoint source categories when the emissions inventories were
prepared for the final 2002 NEI. Consequently, categories for which 2002 activity data are not
available, emissions are carried forward from final Version 3 of the 1999 CAP and HAP NEI
(EPA, 2004b; EPA, 2003).
1-2
-------
1.4 What Are Nonpoint Sources?
For emission inventory development purposes, EPA has traditionally used the term "area
sources" to refer to stationary air pollutant emission sources that are not inventoried at the
facility-level. The Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) specifies reporting
thresholds for point and area CAPs, which vary depending on the pollutant and the attainment
status of a county (see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/cerr/ index.html). The CAA also includes a
specific definition of area HAP sources for the purpose of identifying regulatory applicability.
In particular, the CAA defines an area HAP source as "any stationary source . . . that emits or
has the potential to emit considering controls, in the aggregate, less than 10 tons per year of any
HAP or 25 tons per year of any combination of HAPs." Sources that emit HAPs above these
thresholds are categorized as "major sources." To reduce confusion between these two sets of
area source definitions, EPA has adopted the term "nonpoint" to refer to all CAP and HAP
stationary emission sources that are not incorporated into the point source component of the NEI.
Section 2.7 of this report identifies the nonpoint source categories included in the final 2002
NEI. The 2002 nonpoint source NEI includes approximately 520 source classification codes
(SCCs) with CAP and/or HAP emissions, culminating in over 4.2 million county-level records in
the NEI Input Format (NIF) 3.0 Emission table. Like other emissions inventories, the nonpoint
source NEI has limitations based on the availability of data for some source categories and
pollutants. These limitations are discussed in Section 3 of this document, and it is important to
review them before interpreting the nonpoint source NEI data.
1.5 Evolution of the 2002 Nonpoint Source NEI
1-3
-------
The EPA developed three versions (i.e., preliminary, draft, and final) of the 2002 nonpoint
source NEI. This section provides a brief overview of how EPA prepared each version. For all
three versions, EPA placed emphasis on integrating the methods used to prepare the CAP and
HAP inventories to provide a consistent activity basis for estimating emissions for both types of
pollutants.
1.5.1 Preliminary 2002 NEI (January 2004 Version)
The preliminary 2002 nonpoint NEI, that was released to the public during February 2004,
is the first version of the 2002 nonpoint NEI (EPA, 2004a). The EPA prepared this inventory
starting with nonpoint categories for which it prepared emissions using the most recent activity
data available (i.e., 2000, 2001, or 2002). For all remaining categories, EPA carried forward the
emissions data in final Version 3 of the 1999 NEI (EPA, 2003; EPA, 2004b). The preliminary
2002 NEI was provided to the S/L/T agencies to use as a starting point for preparing their 2002
inventories.
1.5.2 Draft 2002 NEI (March 2005 Version)
The draft 2002 NEI was prepared starting with the inventories that S/L/T agencies
submitted to EPA by June 1, 2004. The EPA conducted QA review of the S/L/T inventories and
communicated with the S/L/T agencies as needed to correct QA issues. On August 11, 2004,
EPA distributed via e-mail an Excel workbook file containing a series of spreadsheets that
identified QA issues, and identified how EPA would correct the issues if the S/L/T agencies did
not provide alternative corrections to the issues. The S/L/T inventories were revised to
incorporate corrections provided by the agencies and to apply the default corrections to the
inventories for which agencies did not respond to the issues identified. After correcting the
inventories, the preliminary 2002 NEI was merged with the S/L/T inventories to fill in missing
categories and pollutants.
1-4
-------
After release of the preliminary 2002 NEI, EPA continued work on preparing 2002
inventories for several categories. The data for these category-specific inventories were used to
replace the old inventory data that were carried forward from the 1999 NEI and included in the
preliminary 2002 NEI. The categories for which EPA prepared or updated inventories after the
preliminary 2002 NEI was released are identified in Section 3 of the report for the draft 2002
NEI (EPA, 2005a).
1.5.3 Final 2002 NEI (February 2006 Version)
The EPA prepared the final 2002 NEI by revising the draft 2002 NEI to incorporate S/L/T
agency comments on the draft. After incorporating comments, EPA added emissions data for
missing pollutants (primarily HAPs) for the industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) fossil
fuel combustion and solvent utilization categories. In addition, EPA ran many QA checks to
identify and resolve QA issues with PM emissions, to reconcile HAP emissions where emissions
for one pollutant code double-counted emissions for another pollutant code, and to identify
remaining QA issues with invalid NIF codes (e.g., SCCs). Section 2 of this report provides more
details on how EPA prepared the final NEI after incorporating S/L/T comments.
1.6 Uses of the Nonpoint Source NEI
The CERR required State agencies to submit their 2002 base year inventories for CAPs to
EPA by June 1, 2004 (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/cerr/index.html). The agencies could
voluntarily submit HAPs with their 2002 CAP inventories. The EPA prepared the preliminary
2002 NEI for the agencies to use in supplementing their inventories with data for categories for
which the agencies did not prepare 2002 emissions estimates. Some States used the preliminary
NEI entirely for their submittals. The EPA also used the preliminary nonpoint source NEI to add
categories and pollutants missing from the S/L/T inventories. The EPA prepared the draft 2002
NEI for review and comment by S/L/T agencies, and incorporated the comments into the final
NEI.
1-5
-------
The final 2002 base year NEI has multiple end uses. One of these uses is the production of
EPA's Air Trends Reports available at, http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/reports.html. Also, for
CAPs, the emissions data will be used to evaluate State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and support
modeling studies for complying with the 8-hour ozone NAAQS, the fine PM NAAQS, and
regional haze regulations. The EPA may also use the 2002 NEI as the basis for rulemaking
support activities.
The NEI is a critical component of the EPA's National Air Toxics Program. The CAA
presents a list of 188 HAPs for which EPA is to identify their sources, quantify their emissions
by source category, develop regulations for each source category, and assess public health and
environmental impacts after the regulations are put into effect. The initial objective is to make
the data available to EPA modelers for use in the National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). The
goal of NATA is to identify those air toxics which are of greatest potential concern, in terms of
contribution to population risk. The results will be used to set priorities for the collection of
additional air toxics data (e.g., emissions data and ambient monitoring data). In addition, the
emissions data compiled as part of this inventory effort will be used in residual risk assessments
conducted by EPA.
1.7 Report Organization
This report is organized in the following structure:
Section 1. Provides background information on the NEI and its uses;
Section 2. Describes how the final 2002 nonpoint source NEI was developed;
Section 3. Describes how to interpret and use the nonpoint source NEI results, including
a discussion of the inventory limitations;
Section 4. Provides the references used in the previous sections;
Appendix A. Lists the nonpoint source categories for which 2002 emissions were
calculated by EIAG, and documents how nonpoint emission estimates were
developed;
1-6
-------
Appendix B. Documents electronic files containing data sets used to allocate 2002 national
activity and emissions to States and counties;
Appendix C. Documents electronic files containing the emission factors and county-level
activity data used to calculate 2002 emissions for the nonpoint source
categories for which EIAG prepared an inventory for the 2002 NEI; and
Appendix D. Provides a tabular summary of the revisions that EPA made to S/L/T
inventories to correct QA issues and to add source categories and pollutants
missing from the S/L/T inventories. This appendix includes revisions
completed on the original S/L/T agency inventory submittals to EIAG for
preparing the draft NEI as well as revisions completed on S/L/T agency
comments submitted on the draft NEI. The appendix is sorted by State.
1-7
-------
2.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE DRAFT 2002 NONPOINT SOURCE NEI
2.1 What is the Final 2002 Nonpoint Source NEI?
The EPA prepared the final 2002 nonpoint source NEI by incorporating comments that the
S/L/T agencies submitted on the draft NEI. After incorporating S/L/T agency comments, EPA
added emissions data for missing pollutants (primarily HAPs) for the ICI fossil fuel combustion
and solvent utilization categories. In addition, EPA ran many QA checks to identify and resolve
(1) QA issues with PM emissions, (2) double counting of HAP emissions reported under
different pollutant codes in the same HAP group, and (3) QA issues with invalid NIF codes (e.g.,
SCCs). The EPA prepared and reviewed emissions summaries, charts, and graphs comparing the
final 2002 NEI emissions to the final 1999 NEI emissions (Version 3). The EPA also compared
the final 2002 NEI emissions by State to identify and resolve emissions data that showed
unreasonably high emissions for a State relative to emissions for other States. In addition, EPA
revised the Emission Process table to ensure the accuracy of Process MACT (maximum
achievable control technology) Codes, Process MACT Compliance Status Codes, and MACT
Flags.
This section of the report identifies the S/L/T agencies that submitted inventories that were
included in the draft 2002 NEI, provided comments on the draft 2002 NEI, and details all of the
augmentation procedures and the QA review that EPA completed on the final 2002 nonpoint
NEI. Appendix D provides additional details on revisions that EPA made to the original S/L/T
inventory submittals to EPA as well as the S/L/T comments provided on the draft NEI.
2.2 Who Provided an Original Inventory Submittal to EPA for the Draft NEI?
Table 2-1 shows the S/L agencies that provided original emission inventory submittals to
EPA for inclusion in the draft 2002 NEI. This table provides information on the geographic and
pollutant coverage of each inventory. A total of 34 States and 12 local agencies provided
2-1
-------
original emission inventory submittals to EPA. HAP emissions data provided by Duval and
Pinellas Counties in FL were not included in the draft 2002 NEI due to QA issues.
Table 2-1. Summary of State and Local Agencies that Provided Original Emission Inventory Submittals for
the Draft 2002 Nonpoint NEI
Number of
Number of
Geographic
Local
FIPS
Counties in
Counties in
State
Coverage
Agency
Code1
Inventory
State
CAPs2
HAPs2
Notes
AL
Statewide
01
67
67
X
AZ
Local
Maricopa
County
04013
15
X
X
For HAPs, county submitted emissions for
only lead. State agency did not submit any
nonpoint source inventory data.
AR
Statewide
05
75
75
X
X
For HAPs, State submitted emissions for only
lead and lead compounds.
CA
Statewide
06
58
58
X
X
CO
08
63
64
X
State provided comments on the preliminary
2002 nonpoint NEI.
CT
Statewide
09
8
8
X
X
For CAPs, State submitted emissions for only
VOC, NOX, and CO.
DE
Statewide
10
3
3
X
X
DC
Statewide
11
1
X
X
FL
Statewide
12
67
67
X
FL
Local
Broward
County
12011
67
X
FL
Local
Duval
County
12031
67
X
Inventory was not included in the draft 2002
NEI due to QA issues.
FL
Local
Pinellas
County
12103
67
X
Inventory was not included in the draft 2002
NEI due to QA issues.
GA
Statewide
13
159
159
X
ID
Statewide
16
44
44
X
X
IL
Statewide
17
102
102
X
X
IN
Statewide
18
92
92
X
X
For HAPs, State submitted emissions for only
lead.
KS
Statewide
20
105
105
X
X
KY
Local
Jefferson
County
21111
120
X
State agency did not submit any nonpoint
source inventory data.
ME
Statewide
23
16
16
X
X
MD
Statewide
24
24
24
X
X
MA
Statewide
25
14
14
X
X
For HAPs, State submitted emissions for only
mercury.
MI
Statewide
26
83
83
X
MN
Statewide
27
87
87
X
X
MS
Statewide
28
82
82
X
MO
Statewide
29
115
115
X
X
NE
Local
Lancaster
County
31109
93
X
State's nonpoint source inventory consisted of
small point sources. State withdrew its
nonpoint source inventory and submitted the
emissions in point source format.
NV
Local
Clark
County
32003
17
X
State agency did not submit any nonpoint
source inventory data.
NH
Statewide
33
10
10
X
NJ
Statewide
34
21
21
X
NM
Local
Bernalillo
County
35001
33
X
X
State agency did not submit any nonpoint
source inventory data.
NY
Statewide
36
62
62
X
X
OH
Statewide
39
88
88
X
X
OH
Local
Regional
Air
Pollution
Control
Agency
39023,
39037,
39057,
39109,
39113,
6
88
X
For CAPs, inventory included VOC only. For
HAPs, inventory contained emissions for
trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and
methylene chloride only.
2-2
-------
Table 2-1 (continued)
Number of
Number of
Geographic
Local
FIPS
Counties in
Counties in
State
Coverage
Agency
Code1
Inventory
State
CAPs2
HAPs2
Notes
39135
OK
Statewide
40
77
77
X
OR
Statewide
41
36
36
X
X
PA
Statewide
42
67
67
X
X
For HAPs, State submitted emissions for only
lead
SC
Statewide
45
46
46
X
TN
Local
Davidson
County
47037
1
95
State agency did not submit any nonpoint
source inventory data.
TN
Local
Knox
County
47093
1
95
X
X
State agency did not submit any nonpoint
source inventory data.
TX
Statewide
48
254
254
X
X
UT
Statewide
49
29
29
X
X
VT
Statewide
50
14
14
X
X
VA
Statewide
51
134
134
X
For CAPs, State submitted emissions for only
VOC, NOX, and CO.
WA
Statewide
53
35
39
X
X
WA
Local
Puget
Sound
Clean Air
Agency
53033,
53035,
53053,
53061
4
39
X
X
WV
Statewide
54
55
55
X
WI
Statewide
55
72
72
X
X
1 Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code.
2 An "x" in this column indicates the State or local agency included CAPs or HAPs in its inventory.
2-3
-------
Table 2-1 (continued)
Table 2-2 shows the tribal inventories that were included in the draft 2002 nonpoint NEI.
Twenty Three tribes submitted nonpoint source inventories to EPA. These data are not
incorporated into the NEI because of difficulties of reconciling tribal and county boundaries, and
also because of issues regarding double counting of emissions. These data are kept in a separate
file.
Table 2-2. Summary of Tribal Authorities that Provided Original Emission Inventory Submittals Included in
the Draft 2002 Nonpoint NEI
Tribal Agency
Tribal
Code
CAP1
HAP1
Notes
Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian
Reservation, Montana
206
R-00-X
R-00-X
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Fond du Lac Band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe
405
R-01-X
R-01-X
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation, Oregon
143
R-98-F
Data carried forward from 1999 NEI
La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the La Posta
Indian Reservation, California
577
R-99-X
Data carried forward from 1999 NEI
Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation,
Colorado, New Mexico & Utah
751
R-99-F
Data carried forward from 1999 NEI
Penobscot Tribe of Maine
018
R-02-X
R-02-X
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap
Reservation of Montana
204
R-02-X
R-02-X
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian
Reservation, Montana
207
R-02-X
R-02-X
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming
281
R-02-X
NA
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe
407
R-02-X
NA
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa
Indians of the Bad River Reservation, Wisconsin
430
R-02-X
R-02-X
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin
433
R-02-X
R-02-X
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California
513
R-01-F
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community of the
Bishop Colony, California
549
R-01-F
R-01-F
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma &
Yuima Reservation, California
585
R-00-F
NA
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian
Reservation, Arizona
614
R-97-F
NA
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt
River Reservation, Arizona
615
R-97-F
NA
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community of the
Lone Pine Reservation, California
624
R-00-F
NA
Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico
703
R-97-F
NA
Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico
707
R-96-F
NA
Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico
715
R-98-F
NA
Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah
780
R-02-X
NA
Tribal agency submitted inventory for draft
2002 NEI
Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Mississippi
980
R-99-F
NA
1 The data source codes in this column are defined in section 2.6.2 of this report.
2-4
-------
2.3 Who Provided Comments on the Draft NEI?
Table 2-3 shows the S/L agencies that provided comments to EPA on the draft 2002
nonpoint NEI, and Table 2-4 shows the tribal agencies that provided comments on the draft 2002
NEI or provided new inventories. A total of 23 States and 4 local agencies provided comments
on the draft 2002 NEI. Washoe County, NV submitted an original inventory after the deadline
for incorporating S/L/T data into the draft NEI. This inventory had minimal QA issues so EPA
incorporated it into the final NEI.
2.4 What is EPA's Policy for Accepting State/Local/Tribal Inventories?
In general, the EPA preferentially uses S/L/T nonpoint source data in the NEI. This section
of the report identifies the inventory data for which EPA did not accept S/L/T data and explains
the reasons for not accepting the data.
2.4.1 Animal Husbandry NH3 Emissions
Texas and Bernalillo County, New Mexico were the only agencies that provided comments
on the NH3 emissions inventory in the draft NEI. These comments were incorporated into the
final NEI. Otherwise, the emissions in the final NEI are the same as those in the draft NEI. The
inventory in the draft 2002 nonpoint source NEI is from Version 3.6 of the CMU NH3 model.
The CMU model was updated with 2002 activity data from the Census of Agriculture that was
not available when the EPA inventory was prepared (EPA, 2004a). Also, many States or their
RPOs submitted inventories to EPA based on an earlier version of the CMU model that did not
included the 2002 Census of Agriculture activity data. Therefore, for the draft NEI, EPA
replaced all State NH3 emissions (except for four States) and NH3 emissions originating from the
preliminary NEI with the NH3 inventory developed from Version 3.6 of the CMU model. Note
that the CMU model creates NIF 3.0 files containing only monthly emissions. The monthly
emissions were summed to create annual emissions and the annual emissions were inserted into
the 2002 NEI.
2-5
-------
Table 2-3. Summary of State and Local Agencies that Provided Comments
Included in the Final 2002 Nonpoint NEI
State
Geographic
Coverage
Local Agency
FIPS
Code1
Number of
Counties in
Inventory
Number of
Counties in
State
CAPs2
HAPs2
AZ
Local
Maricopa County
04013
1
15
X
X
CO
Statewide
08
63
64
X
X
CT
Statewide
09
8
8
X
DE
Statewide
10
3
3
X
X
DC
Statewide
11
1
1
X
FL3
Local
Pinellas County
12103
1
67
X
X
ID
Statewide
16
44
44
X
X
IL
Statewide
17
102
102
X
X
IN
Statewide
18
92
92
X
ME
Statewide
23
16
16
X
X
MA
Statewide
25
14
14
X
X
MI
Statewide
26
83
83
X
X
MN
Statewide
27
87
87
X
X
NV4
Local
Washoe County
32031
1
17
X
NH
Statewide
33
10
10
X
NJ
Statewide
34
21
21
X
NM
Local
Bernalillo County
35001
1
33
X
X
OH
Statewide
39
88
88
X
X
OR
Statewide
41
36
36
X
RI
Statewide
X
X
SC
Statewide
45
46
46
X
X
TN5
Statewide
TX
Statewide
48
254
254
X
X
UT
Statewide
49
29
29
X
X
VA
Statewide
51
134
134
X
WA
Statewide
53
35
39
X
X
WV
Statewide
54
55
55
X
X
WI
Statewide
55
72
72
X
X
1 Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code.
2 An "x" in this column indicates the State or local agency included CAPs or HAPs in its inventory.
3 Local agency's comments were not incorporated into the final NEI due to QA issues.
4 This county provided an original inventory to EPA after the submittal deadline for incorporating S/L/T agency inventories
into the draft NEI. This inventory had minimal QA issues, and, therefore, was incorporated into the final NEI.
2-6
-------
Table 2-4. Summary of Tribal Authorities Who Provided Comments for the Final 2002 Nonpoint NEI
Tribal Agency
Tribal
Code
CAP1
HAP1
Notes
La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of
the La Posta Indian Reservation, California
577
R-99-X
Data carried forward from 1999
NEI
Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of
California
513
R-01-X
Penobscot Tribe of Maine
018
R-02-X
R-02-X
Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe
407
R-02-X
1 The data source codes in this column are defined in section 2.6.2 of this report.
The exceptions are California, Kansas, Minnesota, and Missouri who requested that EPA
keep their inventory in the 2002 NEI for this category. California believes its inventory is better
than the inventory from the CMU model. In addition, California included emissions for
PM10-FIL, PM25-FIL, VOC, and 11 HAPs along with NH3 emissions for this category;
therefore, by using California's data, the emissions for all of the pollutants are based on the same
activity data. Kansas, Minnesota, and Missouri included NH3 emissions for confined animal
feeding operations in their point source inventories and adjusted their nonpoint source
inventories to exclude the point source emissions. Therefore, their nonpoint source inventories
were not replaced since the CMU model inventory is not adjusted for point source emissions.
The EPA evaluated the final 2002 point source inventory for other States and determined that
there is no double counting of NH3 emissions in the final nonpoint source inventory. For the
final nonpoint NEI, all CMU data for this category were assigned a data source code of P-02-X.
In addition, the inventories for Kansas, Minnesota, and Missouri were assigned the same data
source code (P-02-X) since their inventories were sponsored by their RPO.
Other S/L agencies included PM10-PRI or PM10-FIL and PM25-PRI or PM25-FIL in their
animal husbandry inventories. The EPA kept the emissions for these pollutants in the final NEI
since the CMU model does not provide estimates for these pollutants. The records for these
pollutants were assigned the S-02-X data source code.
2-7
-------
2.4.2 Agricultural Fertilizer NH3 Emissions
This category covers NH3 emissions associated with agricultural fertilizer application (SCC
28017xxxxx). Texas and Bernalillo County, New Mexico were the only agencies that provided
comments on the NH3 emissions inventory in the draft NEI. These comments were incorporated
into the final NEI. Otherwise, the emissions in the final NEI are the same as those in the draft
NEI. The inventory in the draft 2002 nonpoint source NEI is from Version 3.6 of the CMU NH3
model. For the draft 2002 NEI, EPA replaced all State NH3 emissions and NH3 emissions
originating from the preliminary NEI with the NH3 inventory developed from Version 3.6 of the
CMU model. The EPA included only annual NH3 emissions in the NEI. California did not
provide any data for this category so the CMU model inventory for California was added in the
draft NEI. All CMU data for this category were assigned a data source code of P-02-X. Oregon
provided NOx emissions for this category that were kept in the draft NEI (and assigned the
S-02-X data source code).
2.4.3 Dioxins and Furans
The emissions data for dioxins and furans were removed from the final NEI pending further
QA review by EPA. Table 2-5 lists the dioxin and furan pollutant codes removed from the final
NEI.
2-8
-------
Table 2-5. Dioxin and Furan Pollutant Codes Removed from the Final 2002 NEI
Pollutant Code
Pollutant Name
123911
p-Dioxane
132649
Dibenzofuran
136677093
Dioxins, Total, W/O Individ. Isomers Reported {PCDDS}
136677106
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, Total
1746016
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
19408743
1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
30402143
Total Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
30402154
Total Pentachlorodibenzofuran
3268879
Octachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
34465468
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
35822469
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
36088229
Total Pentachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
37871004
Total Heptachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
38998753
Total Heptachlorodibenzofuran
39001020
Octachlorodibenzofuran
39227286
1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
40321764
1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
51207319
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
55673897
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran
55684941
Total Hexachlorodibenzofuran
57117314
2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran
57117416
1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran
57117449
1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachloro dibenzofuran
57653857
1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
600
2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ
60851345
2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachloro dibenzofuran
626
Dioxins/Furans as 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQs -1/89
67562394
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran
70648269
1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachloro dibenzofuran
72918219
1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachloro dibenzofuran
2.4.4 Gasoline Distribution
On February 18, 2005, EPA sent a notice to all S/L agency nonpoint source inventory
contacts that had supplied gasoline distribution emissions for incorporation in the draft NEI
(Driver, 2005). The purpose of this notice was to notify S/L agencies that EPA intended to
replace all gasoline distribution data incorporated into the draft 2002 NEI with newly prepared
2002 EPA estimates for the final 2002 NEI. The EPA requested that S/L agencies review EPA's
gasoline distribution emission estimation methods and emission estimates and provide any
2-9
-------
necessary feedback to EPA. The EPA notified States that it would only retain the EPA's new
2002 estimates unless S/L agencies directed EPA with new submissions (and documentation) or
identified issues related to EPA's emission estimation methods. This notice also transmitted a
memorandum detailing EPA's methodology and a spreadsheet that compared EPA's new
estimates with those reported in the draft 2002 NEI. Section 2.8.5 identifies (1) the reasons why
EPA revised the draft 2002 NEI estimates, (2) the comments that were received from S/L
agencies on the EPA prepared estimates, and (3) the steps EPA took to address each comment
with respect to preparation of the final 2002 NEI.
2.4.5 Natural Sources
The EPA did not include emissions associated with natural sources that agencies included in
their inventory submittals. Table 2-6 lists the SCCs, pollutants, and States for which EPA did
not include emissions associated with natural sources in the draft NEI.
2.4.6 Portable Fuel Containers
The EPA did not accept inventories that some States submitted for portable fuel containers.
The EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) will be preparing a national
inventory for this nonpoint source category that EPA plans to use in future versions of the NEI.
This is a new nonpoint category for the NEI and EPA wants to ensure consistency in both the
methodology and geographic coverage of emissions for portable fuel containers. The EPA will
provide the State data it received for this category in a separate database in NIF 3.0.
2-10
-------
Table 2-6. Categories of Natural Sources (Biogenic and Geogenic) Removed from Draft 2002 Nonpoint NEI
see
SCC Description
State FIPS
State Name
Pollutant Code
2701010000
Natural Sources, Biogenic, Oak Forests, Total
48
TEXAS
NH3
2701020000
Natural Sources, Biogenic, Non-oak Forests, Total
48
TEXAS
NH3
2701400000
Natural Sources, Biogenic, Soil, Total
53
WASHINGTON
NH3
2701405000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Unknown Land Use (Anderson Land Use Code 0), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701405000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Unknown Land Use (Anderson Land Use Code 0), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701405000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Unknown Land Use (Anderson Land Use Code 0), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701405000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Unknown Land Use (Anderson Land Use Code 0), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701405000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Unknown Land Use (Anderson Land Use Code 0), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701411000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Residential (Anderson Land Use Code 11), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701411000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Residential (Anderson Land Use Code 11), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701411000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Residential (Anderson Land Use Code 11), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701411000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Residential (Anderson Land Use Code 11), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701411000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Residential (Anderson Land Use Code 11), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701412000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Commercial Services (Anderson Land Use Code 12), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701412000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Commercial Services (Anderson Land Use Code 12), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701412000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Commercial Services (Anderson Land Use Code 12), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701412000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Commercial Services (Anderson Land Use Code 12), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701412000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Commercial Services (Anderson Land Use Code 12), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701413000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial (Anderson Land Use Code 13), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701413000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial (Anderson Land Use Code 13), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701413000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial (Anderson Land Use Code 13), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701413000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial (Anderson Land Use Code 13), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701413000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial (Anderson Land Use Code 13), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701414000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Transportation, Communications (Anderson LUC 14), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701414000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Transportation, Communications (Anderson LUC 14), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701414000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Transportation, Communications (Anderson LUC14), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701414000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Transportation, Communications (Anderson LUC 14), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701414000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Transportation, Communications (Anderson LUC14), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701415000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial and Commercial (Anderson LUC 15), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701415000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial and Commercial (Anderson LUC 15), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701415000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial and Commercial (Anderson LUC 15), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701415000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial and Commercial (Anderson LUC 15), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701415000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Industrial and Commercial (Anderson LUC 15), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701416000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Mixed Urban or Build-Up Land (Anderson LUC 16), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701416000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Mixed Urban or Build-Up Land (Anderson LUC 16), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701416000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Mixed Urban or Build-Up Land (Anderson LUC 16), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701416000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Mixed Urban or Build-Up Land (Anderson LUC 16), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701416000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Mixed Urban or Build-Up Land (Anderson LUC 16), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701417000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Other Urban or Built-Up Land (Anderson LUC 17), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701417000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Other Urban or Built-Up Land (Anderson LUC 17), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701417000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Other Urban or Built-Up Land (Anderson LUC 17), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701417000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Other Urban or Built-Up Land (Anderson LUC 17), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701417000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Urban or Built-Up Land/Other Urban or Built-Up Land (Anderson LUC 17), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2-11
-------
Table 2-6 (continued)
see
SCC Description
State FIPS
State Name
Pollutant Code
2701420000
Natural Sources, Biogenic, Soil/Agriculture, Total
06
CALIFORNIA
PM, PM10-FIL, PM25-FIL,
7439921, 7439965, 7439976,
7440020, 7440360, 7440382,
7440439, 7440473, 7440484,
7723140, 7782492, 7782505
2701420000
Natural Sources, Biogenic, Soil/Agriculture, Total
25
MASSACHUSETTS
NH3
2701421000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Cropland and Pasture (Anderson Land Use Code 21), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701421000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Cropland and Pasture (Anderson Land Use Code 21), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701421000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Cropland and Pasture (Anderson Land Use Code 21), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701421000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Cropland and Pasture (Anderson Land Use Code 21), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701421000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Cropland and Pasture (Anderson Land Use Code 21), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701422000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries (AndrsnLUC22), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701422000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries (AndrsnLUC22), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701422000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries (AndrsnLUC22), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701422000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries (AndrsnLUC22), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701422000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries (AndrsnLUC22), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701423000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Confined Feeding Operations(Anderson LUC23), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701423000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Confined Feeding Operations(Anderson LUC23), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701423000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Confined Feeding Operations(Anderson LUC23), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701423000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Confined Feeding Operations(Anderson LUC23), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701423000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Confined Feeding Operations(Anderson LUC23), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701424000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Other Agricultural Land (Anderson Land Use Code 24), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701424000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Other Agricultural Land (Anderson Land Use Code 24), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701424000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Other Agricultural Land (Anderson Land Use Code 24), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701424000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Other Agricultural Land (Anderson Land Use Code 24), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701424000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Agricultural Land/Other Agricultural Land (Anderson Land Use Code 24), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701431000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Herbaceous Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 31), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701431000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Herbaceous Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 31), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701431000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Herbaceous Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 31), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701431000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Herbaceous Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 31), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701431000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Herbaceous Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 31), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701432000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Shrub and Brush Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 32), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701432000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Shrub and Brush Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 32), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701432000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Shrub and Brush Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 32), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701432000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Shrub and Brush Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 32), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701432000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Shrub and Brush Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 32), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701433000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Mixed Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 33), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701433000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Mixed Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 33), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701433000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Mixed Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 33), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701433000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Mixed Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 33), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701433000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Rangeland/Mixed Rangeland (Anderson Land Use Code 33), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701441000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Deciduous Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 41), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701441000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Deciduous Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 41), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701441000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Deciduous Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 41), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701441000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Deciduous Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 41), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2-12
-------
Table 2-6 (continued)
see
SCC Description
State FIPS
State Name
Pollutant Code
2701441000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Deciduous Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 41), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701442000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Evergreen Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 42), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701442000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Evergreen Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 42), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701442000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Evergreen Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 42), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701442000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Evergreen Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 42), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701442000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Evergreen Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 42), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701443000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Mixed Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 43), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701443000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Mixed Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 43), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701443000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Mixed Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 43), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701443000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Mixed Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 43), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701443000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Forest Land/Mixed Forest Land (Anderson Land Use Code 43), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701451000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Streams and Canals (Anderson Land Use Code 51), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701451000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Streams and Canals (Anderson Land Use Code 51), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701451000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Streams and Canals (Anderson Land Use Code 51), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701451000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Streams and Canals (Anderson Land Use Code 51), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701451000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Streams and Canals (Anderson Land Use Code 51), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701452000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Lakes (Anderson Land Use Code 52), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701452000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Lakes (Anderson Land Use Code 52), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701452000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Lakes (Anderson Land Use Code 52), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701452000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Lakes (Anderson Land Use Code 52), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701452000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Lakes (Anderson Land Use Code 52), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701453000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Reservoirs (Anderson Land Use Code 53), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701453000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Reservoirs (Anderson Land Use Code 53), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701453000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Reservoirs (Anderson Land Use Code 53), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701453000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Reservoirs (Anderson Land Use Code 53), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701453000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Reservoirs (Anderson Land Use Code 53), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701454000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Bays and Estuaries (Anderson Land Use Code 54), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701454000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Bays and Estuaries (Anderson Land Use Code 54), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701454000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Bays and Estuaries (Anderson Land Use Code 54), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701454000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Bays and Estuaries (Anderson Land Use Code 54), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701454000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Water/Bays and Estuaries (Anderson Land Use Code 54), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701461000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Forested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 61), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701461000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Forested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 61), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701461000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Forested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 61), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701461000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Forested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 61), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701461000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Forested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 61), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701462000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Nonforested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 62), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701462000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Nonforested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 62), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701462000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Nonforested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 62), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701462000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Nonforested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 62), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701462000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Wetlands/Nonforested Wetlands (Anderson Land Use Code 62), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701471000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Dry Salt Flats (Anderson Land Use Code 71), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701471000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Dry Salt Flats (Anderson Land Use Code 71), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701471000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Dry Salt Flats (Anderson Land Use Code 71), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701471000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Dry Salt Flats (Anderson Land Use Code 71), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2-13
-------
Table 2-6 (continued)
see
SCC Description
State FIPS
State Name
Pollutant Code
2701471000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Dry Salt Flats (Anderson Land Use Code 71), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701472000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 72), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701472000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 72), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701472000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 72), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701472000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 72), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701472000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 72), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701473000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Sandy Areas Other than Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 73), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701473000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Sandy Areas Other than Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 73), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701473000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Sandy Areas Other than Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 73), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701473000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Sandy Areas Other than Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 73), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701473000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Sandy Areas Other than Beaches (Anderson Land Use Code 73), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701474000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Bare Exposed Rock (Anderson Land Use Code 74), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701474000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Bare Exposed Rock (Anderson Land Use Code 74), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701474000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Bare Exposed Rock (Anderson Land Use Code 74), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701474000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Bare Exposed Rock (Anderson Land Use Code 74), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701474000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Bare Exposed Rock (Anderson Land Use Code 74), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701475000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Strip Mines, Quarries, and Gravel Pits (Anderson LUC 75), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701475000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Strip Mines, Quarries, and Gravel Pits (Anderson LUC 75), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701475000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Strip Mines, Quarries, and Gravel Pits (Anderson LUC 75), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701475000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Strip Mines, Quarries, and Gravel Pits (Anderson LUC 75), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701475000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Strip Mines, Quarries, and Gravel Pits (Anderson LUC 75), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701476000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Transitional Areas (Anderson Land Use Code 76), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701476000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Transitional Areas (Anderson Land Use Code 76), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701476000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Transitional Areas (Anderson Land Use Code 76), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701476000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Transitional Areas (Anderson Land Use Code 76), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701476000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Transitional Areas (Anderson Land Use Code 76), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701477000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Mixed Barren Land (Anderson Land Use Code 77), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701477000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Mixed Barren Land (Anderson Land Use Code 77), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701477000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Mixed Barren Land (Anderson Land Use Code 77), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701477000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Mixed Barren Land (Anderson Land Use Code 77), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701477000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Barren Land/Mixed Barren Land (Anderson Land Use Code 77), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701481000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Shrub and Brush Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 81), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701481000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Shrub and Brush Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 81), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701481000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Shrub and Brush Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 81), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701481000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Shrub and Brush Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 81), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701481000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Shrub and Brush Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 81), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701482000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Herbaceous Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 82), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701482000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Herbaceous Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 82), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701482000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Herbaceous Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 82), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701482000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Herbaceous Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 82), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701482000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Herbaceous Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 82), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701483000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Bare Ground (Anderson Land Use Code 83), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701483000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Bare Ground (Anderson Land Use Code 83), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701483000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Bare Ground (Anderson Land Use Code 83), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701483000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Bare Ground (Anderson Land Use Code 83), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2-14
-------
Table 2-6 (continued)
see
SCC Description
State FIPS
State Name
Pollutant Code
2701483000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Bare Ground (Anderson Land Use Code 83), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701484000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Wet Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 84), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701484000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Wet Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 84), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701484000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Wet Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 84), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701484000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Wet Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 84), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701484000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Wet Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 84), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701485000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Mixed Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 85), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701485000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Mixed Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 85), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701485000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Mixed Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 85), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701485000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Mixed Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 85), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701485000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Tundra/Mixed Tundra (Anderson Land Use Code 85), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701491000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Perennial Snowfields (Anderson LUC 91), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701491000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Perennial Snowfields (Anderson LUC 91), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701491000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Perennial Snowfields (Anderson LUC 91), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701491000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Perennial Snowfields (Anderson LUC 91), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701491000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Perennial Snowfields (Anderson LUC 91), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2701492000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Glaciers (Anderson Land Use Code 92), Total
19
IOWA
NH3
2701492000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Glaciers (Anderson Land Use Code 92), Total
20
KANSAS
NH3
2701492000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Glaciers (Anderson Land Use Code 92), Total
22
LOUISIANA
NH3
2701492000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Glaciers (Anderson Land Use Code 92), Total
31
NEBRASKA
NH3
2701492000
Natural Sources , Biogenic , Perennial Snow and Ice/Glaciers (Anderson Land Use Code 92), Total
40
OKLAHOMA
NH3
2730050000
Natural Sources, Geogenic, Geyser/Geothermal, Total
06
CALIFORNIA
VOC, 108883, 71432
2730100000
Natural Sources / Geogenic / Wind Erosion / Total
04013
ARIZONA,
MARICOPA COUNTY
PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI
2730100000
Natural Sources / Geogenic / Wind Erosion / Total
05
ARKANSAS
PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI
2730100000
Natural Sources / Geogenic / Wind Erosion / Total
06
CALIFORNIA
PM, PM10-PRI, PM10-FIL, PM25-
PRI, PM25-FIL, 7439921,
7439965, 7439976, 7440020,
7440360, 7440382, 7440439,
7440473, 7440484, 7723140,
7782492, 7782505
2-15
-------
2.4.7 Tribal Inventories
Due to time and resource constraints, EPA was unable to reconcile the tribal emissions data
with State emissions data to ensure that double counting of emissions was eliminated.
Therefore, the tribal inventory data were removed from the final NEI and placed in a separate
database that will be made available to the public.
2.4.8 Wildfires, Prescribed Burning, and Rangeland Burning
For these categories, EPA has prepared a 2002 inventory in point source format. This
inventory provides much more detail and accuracy than the nonpoint source inventory methods
applied previously. Thus, all S/L and EPA data for the following SCCs were removed from the
nonpoint NEI to avoid double counting of the emissions in the final point source NEI:
SCC SCC Description
2810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Forest Wildfires : Total
2810015000 Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Prescribed Burning for
Forest Management: Total
2810020000 Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Prescribed Burning of
Rangeland : Total
For more information on how the point source fire inventory was developed, go to the CHIEF
website http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/2002inventorv.html#point.
2.5 What did EPA do with the State/Local Comments on the Draft NEI?
This section of the report provides an overview of how EPA processed S/L comments on
the draft NEI and conducted QA review of the NEI after incorporating the S/L comments.
Appendix D provides documentation of the revisions that EPA performed on the draft NEI after
incorporating S/L comments. Appendix D also includes the revisions that EPA performed on the
NEI after incorporating the original S/L inventories into the NEI (i.e., the data provided in
Appendix D of the report for the draft NEI dated March 2005). Appendix D is sorted by State to
facilitate identification of revisions to your inventory.
2-16
-------
2.5.1 Initial Processing and QA of Inventories
Each file that S/L agencies submitted to EPA was logged into a spreadsheet to identify the
submitting agency, name of the file, date the file was received, and record counts by submittal
flag for each NIF 3.0 table. The valid NIF 3.0 submittal flag code values A; D; RD; or RA for
Add, Delete, Revise/Delete, or Revise/Add, respectively, indicate the corrective action for each
record included in a S/L agency's comment file. Revisions to data elements for a record require
a copy of the record as it existed in the draft NEI noted with an "RD" submittal flag, and the
same record containing the revised data elements noted with an "RA" submittal flag. The S/L
agency was contacted and requested to provide corrections or guidance for correcting the
following QA issues:
When the number of "RA" and "RD" records was unequal;
When the submittal flag field held a null or invalid submittal flag; and
When the table in the comment file contained duplicate records. Note that the
submittal flag field was included as a part of the data key when checking for duplicate
records.
After correcting for submittal flag and duplicate record issues, the comment files were
compared to the draft NEI to verify that the submittal flags were correct. For example, if a
record in the comment file had a submittal flag of "A" but the record had a data key match in the
draft NEI, the submittal flag was changed to "RA". If a record in the comment file had a
submittal flag of "RA" but there was no data key match in the draft NEI, the submittal flag was
changed to "A".
QA checks were also run on the S/L comment files to identify invalid NIF 3.0 codes. After
incorporating S/L comments into the NEI, EPA also ran QA checks to identify and resolve
referential integrity issues.
2-17
-------
2.5.2 Feedback to the S/L/T Agencies
The EPA provided each agency that submitted comments on the NEI with acknowledgment
of receipt of their data file submittal to EPA. In addition, the agencies were contacted on an as
needed basis to obtain corrections to the comment files or guidance for correcting submittal flag
and invalid NIF 3.0 code issues.
2.5.3 Additional QA Review and Resolution of QA Issues
The EPA prepared and reviewed emissions summaries, charts, and graphs comparing the
final 2002 NEI emissions by State and pollutant. The EPA also compared the final 2002 NEI
emissions to the emissions in the final 1999 NEI (Version 3) by State and pollutant and by
source category and pollutant. If emissions data appeared to be suspect based on these
comparisons, EPA contacted the S/L agency for clarification of potential emissions data issues.
Section 2.8.10 of the report provides more details on the types of QA review EPA completed on
the final NEI after completing the revisions to the final NEI discussed in section 2.8 of this
report.
2.6 How do I Find My Inventory Data?
This section identifies the emissions summaries that EPA prepared for the final 2002
nonpoint NEI and the data source codes used to identify the origin and year of the data included
in the final 2002 nonpoint NEI. The emissions summaries as well as the data in NEI output
format (NOF) is available at the CHIEF website at the following web address;
(ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2002finalnei/nonpoint_sector_data/).
2.6.1 Summary Files
The EPA prepared the following summary files to assist agencies in reviewing the 2002
nonpoint source NEI:
2-18
-------
• County-level emissions by SCC, for the criteria pollutants only
• Emissions summed by SCC to the State level for hazardous and criteria pollutants; and
• County-level emissions by SCC with data source codes, annual emissions only for hazardous
and criteria pollutants (broken up into 5 files by EPA regions to reduce file size);
These files are available in ASCII text. They have been zipped and each includes a README
file. The summary files can be downloaded from the following web link:
ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2002finalnei/nonpoint_sector_data/
2.6.2 Data Source Codes
Data source codes are included in the NIF plus field named "Data Source" of the Emission
table in NIF 3.0 to document the origin of the emissions data. You should use these data source
codes when reviewing the draft 2002 nonpoint source NEI to identify your data and identify data
that originate from previous versions of the NEI or RPO inventories. The remainder of this
section explains the codes that are used in the final 2002 nonpoint NEI. Examples of how the
codes are used are presented at the end of this section.
The data source codes are based on the following 9-character format:
[Data Origin]-[Year]-[Grown/Not Grown/Carried Forward]-[PM Augmentation Code]
Code Field Length
Data Origin 1
Year 3 (including leading hyphen)
Grown/Not Grown/Carried Forward 2 (including leading hyphen)
PM Augmentation 3 (including leading hyphen)
2-19
-------
Data Origin Codes
Code Description
S State agency-supplied data
L Local agency-supplied data
P RPO-generated data either supplied by the S/L agency or by an RPO
E EIAG-generated data
M ESD-generated data
Year Codes
Year for which data are supplied (e.g., Year = -02 for 2002), or from which prior year data
are taken (e.g., Year = -99 for 1999).
In addition, for winter season emissions that cover the period from December 1 to February
28 (or 29 for a leap year), the Start Date and End Date is coded as usual. For example, for winter
season emissions for 2002, the Start Date is December 1, 2001 and the End Date is February 28,
2002. The year in the data source code is 2002.
Grown/Carried Forward/Not Grown Codes/Generate Parent Record
Code Description
-G Used when emissions in a pre-2002 inventory are grown to represent 2002
emissions.
-F Used when emissions in a pre-2002 inventory are carried forward and included in
the 2002 inventory without adjustment for growth.
-X Used when the emissions are not grown or are not carried forward. For example,
X is used when emissions are calculated for the 2002 inventory using 2002
activity, or when data are replaced with data that S/L/T agencies submit for
inclusion in the 2002 base year inventory.
-GP Used to identify records generated and added to the Emission Period table to
fulfill referential integrity requirements. This code was used when a S/L/T
2-20
-------
inventory submitted to EPA contained an Emission table record but not a parent
Emission Period table record. If necessary, an Emission Process table record was
also added if missing from the S/L/T inventory.
Augmentation Codes
Extensions are added to the end of the data source codes to identify records where EIAG
applied augmentation procedures to either correct S/L-supplied emissions or to add emissions for
pollutants not supplied by the S/L agency. The following explains these extension codes:
PM Augmentation Codes
-PA Used to identify PM10/PM2 5 emission records that were revised or added using
ad-hoc updates.
-PC Used to identify records added for PM10/PM2 5 emissions estimated using the PM
Calculator.
-PR Used to identify records added for PM10/PM2 5 emissions estimated using ratios of
PM10-to-PM or PM2 5-to-PM10.
Augmentation Codes for Industrial and Commercial/Institutional Fossil Fuel Combustion
and Solvent Utilization
If a S/L/T agency provided VOC, NOX, or S02 emissions for one or more of the ICI fossil
fuel combustion categories, EPA applied ratios to the agency-supplied emissions to calculate
missing CAP and HAP emissions. For the solvent utilization categories for which an agency
supplied VOC but not HAP emissions, EPA applied speciation profiles to the agency-supplied
VOC emissions to estimate HAP emissions. To identify records containing emissions calculated
from these methods, EPA added the following extensions to the VOC, NOX, or S02 data source
codes used as the base pollutant for estimating missing pollutant emissions:
-VR Record added for pollutant emissions missing from S/L/T inventory using ratio of
missing pollutant emission factor to VOC emission factor times S/L-supplied
VOC emissions. This code is also used to identify HAP records for which EIAG
2-21
-------
estimated emissions by applying a speciation profile to the S/L-supplied VOC
emissions.
-NR Record missing pollutant emissions using ratio of missing pollutant emission
factor to NOX emission factor times S/L-supplied NOX emissions.
-SR Record missing pollutant emissions using ratio of missing pollutant emission
factor to S02 emission factor times S/L-supplied S02 emissions.
Augmentation Codes Used for the First Time in the Final 2002 Nonpoint NEI
-XI Used to identify residential wood combustion records in New Jersey for which
EPA reallocated New Jersey-supplied data for counties with emissions to counties
that did not have emissions in the New Jersey's inventory submittal to EPA. This
data source code extension is used for the first time in the final 2002 nonpoint
NEI.
-SUM Used to identify records added to the NEI for PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, or VOC
when the S/L agency did not provide emissions for these pollutants but provided
emissions for other pollutants that could be used to calculate the missing pollutant
emissions. VOC emissions were calculated as the sum of the S/L-supplied HAP
emissions classified as ozone precursor emissions. PM10-PRI emissions were
calculated as the sum of the S/L-supplied PM10-FIL and PM-CON emissions, and
PM25-PRI emissions were calculated as the sum of the S/L-supplied PM25-FIL
and PM-CON emissions. This data source code extension is used for the first time
in the final 2002 nonpoint NEI.
Examples of Data Source Code Uses
Using the coding scheme previously described, examples of how the data source codes are
applied are as follows:
Code Data Source
2-22
-------
E-02-X Data generated by EIAG using EPA methods and 2002 or most recent activity
data (e.g., 2002 activity and 2002 allocation factors) (E = EPA-generated data; -02
= year 2002; -X = emissions are not grown or carried forward). The
documentation explains the source of the allocation factors.
S-02-X State-submitted data for 2002 that replaced EIAG estimates for the source
category (S = State data; -02 = year 2002 data; -X = emissions are not grown or
carried forward).
S-02-X-VR The data source code for emissions calculated by applying a ratio to the State-
supplied VOC emissions is S-02-X-VR. If NOX or S02 is used as the base
pollutant, the data source code is S-02-X-NR or S-02-X-SR, respectively.
E-99-F The data source code to identify EIAG-generated emissions data carried forward
from the 1999 NEI. If State or local data are carried forward from the 1999 NEI,
the data source code is S-99-F or L-99-F, respectively.
E-99-G The data source code to identify EIAG-generated emissions data grown from the
1999 NEI. If State or local data are grown from the 1999 NEI, the data source
code is S-99-G or L-99-G, respectively.
2-23
-------
2.7 What are the Categories in the Final 2002 NEI for which EPA Prepared 2002
Estimates or Carried Forward Estimates from the 1999 NEI?
Table 2-7 lists the nonpoint categories for which EPA prepared a 2002 inventory and
included in the final NEI if a S/L agency did not provide any data for the category. This table
also identifies the categories for which emissions were estimated for the territories of Puerto
Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands. Emission activity data are not available for these territories for
most source categories. Section 3.5 of the report for the draft NEI discusses the procedure that
was used to estimate emissions for these U.S. territories when activity data were not available
(EPA, 2005a).
Emissions were estimated using various types of data and calculations depending on the
source category. Appendix A presents the methodologies used to estimate 2002 emissions for
the source categories listed in Table 2-7. The appendix provides detailed descriptions of the
emission factors, the activity and allocation data information sources, and the procedures used to
estimate county-level emissions. The allocation data are provided in an Access 2000 database
described in Appendix B. The county-level activity data and the emission factors for each
nonpoint source category used to calculate 2002 emissions are provided in an Access 2000
database described in Appendix C.
Table 2-7. Source Categories for which EPA Prepared an Emissions Inventory for the 2002 Nonpoint NEI
Maximum
Achievable
Control
Emissions for
Technology
Puerto Rico
(MACT)
Point Source
and U.S. Virgin
Source Category
see
Category
Component
Islands
Agricultural Tilling
2801000003
No
Animal Husbandry (Ammonia Emissions)
2805001100-
2805053100
Yes1
Aviation Gasoline Distribution: Stage I
2501080050
0601
No
Aviation Gasoline Distribution: Stage II
2501080100
No
Commercial Cooking
2302002100,
2302002200,
2302003000,
2302003100,
2302003200
No
Cotton Ginning2
2801000000
Yes1
Construction
Non-Residential
2311020000
Yes1
Residential
2311010000
Yes1
Roadway
2311030000
No
Drum and Barrel Reclamation
2461160000
Yes1
2-24
-------
Table 2-7 (continued)
Maximum
Achievable
Control
Emissions for
Technology
Puerto Rico
(MACT)
Point Source
and U.S. Virgin
Source Category
see
Category
Component
Islands
Fertilizer Application
2801700001,
2801700002,
2801700003,
2801700004,
2801700005,
2801700006,
2801700007,
2801700008,
2801700009,
2801700010,
No
Fossil Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional
Anthracite Coal (Total: All Boiler Types)
2103001000
0107-1
Yes
Bituminous/ Subbituminous Coal (Total: All Boiler Types)
2103002000
0107-1
Yes
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Distillate Oil (Total: Boilers and Internal Combustion [IC] Engines)
2103004000
0107-3
Yes
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Residual Oil (Total: All Boiler Types)
2103005000
0107-3
Yes
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Natural Gas (Total: Boilers and IC Engines)
2103006000
0107-2
Yes
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Kerosene (Total: All Combustor Types)
2103011000
0107
No
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Fossil Fuel Combustion, Industrial
Anthracite Coal (Total: All Boiler Types)
2102001000
0107-1
Yes
Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal (Total: All Boiler Types)
2102002000
0107-1
Yes
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Distillate Oil (Total: Boilers and IC Engines)
2102004000
0107-3
Yes
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Residual Oil (Total: All Boiler Types)
2102005000
0107-3
Yes
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Natural Gas (Total: Boilers and IC Engines)
2102006000
0107-2
Yes
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) (Total: All Boiler Types)
2102007000
0107-2
Yes
Kerosene (Total: All Boiler Types)
2102011000
0107
No
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Gasoline Marketing
Gasoline Distribution Stage I - Bulk Terminals
2501050120
0601
Yes1
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Gasoline Distribution Stage I - Bulk Plants
2501055120
0601
Yes1
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Gasoline Distribution Stage I - Tank Trucks in Transit
2505030120
0601
Yes1
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Gasoline Distribution Stage I - Pipelines
2505040120
0601
Yes1
Puerto Rico
Gasoline Distribution Stage I - Gasoline Service Stations:
2501060051
0601
Yes1
Submerged Filling
Gasoline Distribution Stage I - Gasoline Service Stations: Splash
2501060052
0601
Yes1
Puerto Rico and
Filling
U.S. Virgin Islands
Gasoline Distribution Stage I - Gasoline Service Stations:
2501060053
0601
Yes1
Balanced Submerged Filling
Gasoline Distribution Stage II
2501060100
0601
Yes1
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Gasoline Distribution Stage I - Gasoline Service Stations:
2501060201
0601
Yes1
Puerto Rico and
Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying
U.S. Virgin Islands
General Laboratory Activities
2851001000s
No
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
2-25
-------
Table 2-7 (continued)
Maximum
Achievable
Control
Emissions for
Technology
Puerto Rico
(MACT)
Point Source
and U.S. Virgin
Source Category
see
Category
Component
Islands
Lamp Breakage
2861000000
No
U.S. Virgin Islands
Lamp (Fluorescent) Recycling
28610000104
No
Open Burning
Scrap Tires
2830000000
No
Household Waste
2610030000
No
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Yard Waste - Leaves
2610000100
No
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Yard Waste - Brush
2610000400
No
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Land Clearing Debris
2610000500
No
Publically Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)
2630020000
0803
Yes1
Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands
Residential Heating
Anthracite Coal
2104001000
No
Bituminous & Lignite
2104002000
No
Distillate Oil
2104004000
No
Kerosene
2104011000
No
Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)
2104007000
No
Natural Gas
2104006000
No
Wood
2104008001,
2104008002,
2104008003,
2104008004,
2104008010,
2104008030,
2104008050
No
Solvent Utilization
Autobody Refinishing Paint Application, all solvents
2401005000
No
Commercial Pesticide Application - agricultural pesticides, total
2461850000
No
Consumer and Commercial Products Usage: Household Products, all
2460200000
No
types
Consumer Products Usage - Automotive Aftermarket Products
2465400000
No
Consumer Products Usage - Household Products
2465200000
No
Consumer Products Usage - Personal Care Products
2465100000
No
Consumer Products Usage - Pesticide Application
2465800000
No
Degreasing - All Industries: Cold Cleaning, all solvent types
2415300000
1614
Yes
Degreasing - All Industries: Open Top, all solvent types5
2415100000
1614
No
Graphic Arts
2425000000
Yes
Industrial Adhesive Application
2440020000
Yes
Miscellaneous Industrial Solvent Usage: All Solvent Types
2440000000
Yes
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
2301030000
Solvent Use on Rubber/Plastics
2430000000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Architectural, all coating types
2401001000
Surface Coatings: Electronic and Other Electrical, all coating types
2401065000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Factory-finished Wood, all coating types
2401015000
Yes
Surface Coating: Industrial Maintenance
2401100000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Large Appliances
2401060000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Machinery and Equipment, all coating types
2401055000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Marine, all coating types
2401080000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Metal Cans
2401040000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Metal Furniture, all coating types
2401025000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Miscellaneous Finished Parts
2401050000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Miscellaneous Metals Manufacturing
2401090000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Motor Vehicles
2401070000
Yes
2-26
-------
Table 2-7 (continued)
Maximum
Achievable
Control
Emissions for
Technology
Puerto Rico
(MACT)
Point Source
and U.S. Virgin
Source Category
SCC
Category
Component
Islands
Surface Coatings: Other Special Purpose Coatings
2401200000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Paper, all coating types
2401030000
Yes
Surface Coatings: Traffic Markings, all coating types
2401008000
No
Surface Coatings: Wood Furniture, all coating types
2401020000
Yes
1 See Appendix A for discussion of point SCCs or North American Standard Industrial Classification (NAICS) codes associated with these
emission processes.
2 For the final NEI, the point SCC 30200410 in the draft NEI under which Texas reported HAP emissions was changed to the nonpoint SCC
2801000000 in the final NEI to be consistent with the SCC EPA uses for this category.
3 The emissions for this category were previously reported under the point SCC 31503001 in the draft and preliminary 2002 NEI and in the 1999
NEI. For the final 2002 NEI, the point SCC was changed to the new nonpoint SCC 2851001000 (Miscellaneous Area Sources : Laboratories :
Bench Scale Reagents : (probably "Total")).
4 The emissions for this category were previously reported under the point SCC 31301200 in the draft and preliminary 2002 NEI and in the 1999
NEI. For the final 2002 NEI, the point SCC was changed to the new nonpoint SCC 2861000010 (Miscellaneous Area Sources : Fluorescent
Lamp Breakage : Recycling Related Emissions : Total).
5 The EPA solvent inventory estimated zero emissions for this SCC; therefore, point source backouts were not required.
For many of the source categories identified, calendar year 2002 activity data and/or
allocation data were not available during the time-frame for completing this project. For these
categories, EIAG decided to carry forward the emissions estimates contained in final Version 3
of the 1999 nonpoint source NEI (EPA, 2004b; EPA, 2003). Tables 2-8 and 2-9 present the
source categories for which emissions from final Version 3 of the 1999 nonpoint source NEI
were included in the 2002 NEI in the absence of S/L agency data. Table 2-8 identifies categories
for which the emissions in the 1999 NEI are based on estimates prepared by EPA's Emissions
Standards Division (ESD) or for which EPA data were carried forward from the 1999 NEI
because there were not resources for calculating 2002 emissions. Table 2-8 also identifies the
MACT source categories included in the 2002 nonpoint source NEI. The emission factors,
activity data, and/or emissions data for many of these source categories were provided by
EPA/ESD.
Table 2-9 shows the categories for which EPA carried forward S/L-supplied HAP and CAP
daily, monthly, and seasonal emissions included in final Version 3 of the 1999 NEI if the S/L
agency did not provide 2002 data in their inventory submittals to EPA.
2-27
-------
Table 2-8. Source Categories for Which 1999 NEI Emissions Were Carried Forward to the 2002 NEI
(1999 NEI Emissions Estimated by EPA)
Source Category
SCC Used in
the Draft NEI
SCC Used in the Final
NEI
Rationale for
Carrying Forward
Maximum
Achievable
Control
Technology
(MACT) Category
Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing
2305070000
2305070000
Emission Standards
Division (ESD)
estimates
Asphalt Paving
2461020000
2461020000
See Footnote 2
Asphalt Roofing Materials Manufacturing
2306010000
2306010000
ESD estimates
Beef Cattle Feedlots (Fugitive Dust Emissions)3
2805001000
See Footnote 3
Cremation - Human
2810060100
2810060100
See Footnote 2
Cremation - Animal
2810060200
2810060200
See Footnote 2
Chromic Acid Anodizing
2309100050
2309100050
See Footnote 2
Chromium Electroplating - Decorative
2309100030
2309100030
See Footnote 2
1610
Chromium Electroplating - Hard
2309100010
2309100010
See Footnote 2
1615
Dental Preparation and Use
31502500 1
2850001000
See Footnote 2
Flexible Polyurethane Foam Fabrication Operations
30101880 1
2301050001
ESD estimates
Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production
30801005 1
2301050002
ESD estimates
Grain Elevators: Terminal
30200512 1
2801000007
See Footnote 2
Halogenated Solvent Cleaners
2415000000
2415000000
See Footnote 2
1614
Hospital Sterilization
2850000010
2850000010
See Footnote 2
1644
Industrial Boilers
Distillate Oil
10200501 1
2102004000
ESD estimates
0107-3
Industrial Boilers
Waste Oil
10201302 1
2102012000
ESD estimates
0107-3
Industrial Boilers
Wood (Total: All Boiler Types)
2102008000
2102008000
See Footnote 2
0107-4
Institutional/Commercial Fuel Combustion: Wood
(Total: All Boiler Types)
2103008000
2103008000
ESD estimates grown
from 1996 to 1999
0107-4
Institutional/Commercial Heating: Public Owned
Treatment Works (POTW) Digester Gas
10300701 1
2103010000
ESD estimates
0107-2
Mining and Quarrying
2325000000
2325000000
See Footnote 2
Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Processes
30199999 1
Removed
ESD estimates; see
Footnote 4
1640
Natural Gas Transmission and Storage
31000299 1
2310020000
ESD estimates
0504
Oil and Natural Gas Production
2310000000,
2310020000,
2310030000
2310000000,
2310020000
ESD estimates
0501
Paint Stripping Operations
68240059 1
2402000000
ESD estimates
1621
Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning
2420000055
2420000055
See Footnote 2
1643
Refractories Manufacturing
2305000000
2305000000
ESD estimates
Steel Pickling with Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)
2303000000
2303000000
ESD estimates
Structure Fires
2810030000
2810030000
See Footnote 2
Swimming Pools
2862000000
2862000000
See Footnote 2
Synthetic Fiber Manufacturing
2301020000
Removed
See Footnote 5
1 The EPA did not carry forward 1999 CAP emissions for these point source categories that were included in the 1999 HAP NEI.
2 Emissions not estimated due to budget limitations.
3 For the draft NEI, the 1999 PM10-PRI/-FIL and PM25-PRI/-FIL emissions for the beef cattle feedlots category were not carried forward
because of the uncertainty with the default NEI estimates prepared by EPA. For the draft NEI, S/L data are included if submitted to EPA.
4 This category was included in the preliminary 2002 NEI but EPA removed the category from the draft and final 2002 NEI because the emissions
for the category are accounted for in the draft and final 2002 point source NEI.
5 This category was included in the preliminary and draft 2002 NEI but EPA removed the category from the final 2002 NEI for all States except
CA because the emissions for the category are accounted for in the final 2002 point source NEI. CA provided 2002 data for this SCC; therefore,
CA's data were kept in the final 2002 NEI.
2-28
-------
Table 2-9. Source Categories for Which 1999 NEI Emissions Were Carried Forward to the 2002 NEI
(1999 NEI Emissions Estimated by a State or Local Agency)
SCC Used
in the
Final NEI
SCC 3 Description
SCC 6 Description
SCC 10 Description
Record Count
State Count
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion
21020040001
Industrial
Distillate Oil
Total: Boilers and IC Engines
195
1
21020050002
Industrial
Residual Oil
Total: All Boiler Types
78
1
21020060002
Industrial
Natural Gas
Total: Boilers and IC Engines
12
1
21020080003
Industrial
Wood
Total: All Boiler Types
40
1
21030020002
Commercial/Institutional
Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal
Total: All Boiler Types
6
1
21030040002
Commercial/Institutional
Distillate Oil
Total: Boilers and IC Engines
2
1
2103008000
Commercial/Institutional
Wood
Total: All Boiler Types
377
2104001000
Residential
Anthracite Coal
Total: All Combustor Types
12
1
2104005000
Residential
Residual Oil
Total: All Combustor Types
34
1
Mobile Sources
2275900000
Aircraft
Refueling: All Fuels
All Processes ** (Use 25-01-080-xxx)
1
1
Industrial Processes
23010500014
Chemical Manufacturing: SIC 28
Plastics Production
Reactor (Polyurethane)
108
2
2302050000
Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20
Bakery Products
Total
5
1
2302070001
Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20
F ermentation/Beverages
Breweries
1
1
2305070000
Mineral Processes: SIC 32
Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products
Total
2
1
2306010000
Petroleum Refining: SIC 29
Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials
Total
21
1
2308000000
Rubber/Plastics: SIC 30
All Processes
Total
27
1
2309100010
Fabricated Metals: SIC 34
Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services
Electroplating
3
2
2309100030
Fabricated Metals: SIC 34
Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services
Plating: Metal Deposition
2
1
2310000000
Oil and Gas Production: SIC 13
All Processes
Total: All Processes
54
2
2325000000
Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14
All Processes
Total
2140
2
2399000000
Industrial Processes: NEC
Industrial Processes: NEC
Total
441
4
Solvent Utilization
2401045000
Surface Coating
Metal Coils: SIC 3498
Total: All Solvent Types
422
2
2401075000
Surface Coating
Aircraft: SIC 372
Total: All Solvent Types
318
3
2401085000
Surface Coating
Railroad: SIC 374
Total: All Solvent Types
80
1
2-29
-------
Table 2-9 (continued)
SCC Used
in the
Final NEI
SCC 3 Description
SCC 6 Description
SCC 10 Description
Record Count
State Count
Solvent Utilization (continued)
24020000005
Paint Strippers
Chemical Strippers
Application, Degradation, and Coating
Removal Steps: Other Not Listed
24
1
2420000000
Dry Cleaning
All Processes
Total: All Solvent Types
73
3
2420000055
Dry Cleaning
All Processes
Perchloroethylene
24
3
2420010000
Dry Cleaning
Commercial/Industrial Cleaners
Total: All Solvent Types
77
1
2420010055
Dry Cleaning
Commercial/Industrial Cleaners
Perchloroethylene
289
4
2420010370
Dry Cleaning
Commercial/Industrial Cleaners
Special Naphthas
139
1
2420020055
Dry Cleaning
Coin-operated Cleaners
Perchloroethylene
127
2
24610200002
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial
Asphalt Application: All Processes
Total: All Solvent Types
744
1
2461021000
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial
Cutback Asphalt
Total: All Solvent Types
254
6
2461022000
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial
Emulsified Asphalt
Total: All Solvent Types
165
4
Storage and Transport
2505000120
Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport
All Transport Types
Gasoline
5
1
2505020030
Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport
Marine Vessel
Crude Oil
8
1
2505020090
Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport
Marine Vessel
Distillate Oil
8
1
2505020120
Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport
Marine Vessel
Gasoline
32
3
2505020150
Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport
Marine Vessel
Jet Naphtha
16
2
2505020180
Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport
Marine Vessel
Kerosene
8
1
2515020000
Organic Chemical Transport
Marine Vessel
Total: All Products
24
1
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery
2601000000
On-site Incineration
All Categories
Total
74
3
26010100006
On-site Incineration
Industrial
Total
895
2
2601020000
On-site Incineration
Commercial/Institutional
Total
2174
4
2610000300
Open Burning
All Categories
Yard Waste - Weed Species Unspecified
(incl Grass)
16
1
2620000000
Landfills
All Categories
Total
270
1
2620030000
Landfills
Municipal
Total
59
3
2630000000
Wastewater Treatment
All Categories
Total Processed
918
3
2630020001
Wastewater Treatment
Public Owned
Flaring of Gases
2
1
2640000000
TSDFs
All TSDF Types
Total: All Processes
41
2
2-30
-------
Table 2-9 (continued)
SCC Used
in the
Final NEI
SCC 3 Description
SCC 6 Description
SCC 10 Description
Record Count
State Count
Miscellaneous Area Sources
2801500000
Agriculture Production - Crops
Agricultural Field Burning - whole field set on
fire
Total, all crop types
96
2
2801500100
Agriculture Production - Crops
Agricultural Field Burning - whole field set on
fire
Field Crops Unspecified
16
1
2801500170
Agriculture Production - Crops
Agricultural Field Burning - whole field set on
fire
Field Crop is Grasses: Burning Techniques
Not Important
16
1
2801500300
Agriculture Production - Crops
Agricultural Field Burning - whole field set on
fire
Orchard Crop Unspecified
1
1
2801500360
Agriculture Production - Crops
Agricultural Field Burning - whole field set on
fire
Orchard Crop is Citrus (orange, lemon)
16
1
2805001000
Agriculture Production - Livestock
Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots
(drylots)
Dust Kicked-up by Hooves (use 28-05-020,
-001, -002, or -003 for Waste
1516
1
2810005000
Other Combustion
Managed Burning, Slash (Logging Debris)
Total
82
1
2810030000
Other Combustion
Structure Fires
Total
2561
11
2810050000
Other Combustion
Motor Vehicle Fires
Total
78
1
2810060100
Other Combustion
Cremation
Humans
947
2810060200
Other Combustion
Cremation
Animals
200
2830000000
Catastrophic/Accidental Releases
All Catastrophic/Accidental Releases
Total
236
1
2850000010
Health Services
Hospitals
Sterilization Operations
8
2
1 Point SCC 10200501 in the preliminary and draft NEI was changed to the nonpoint SCC 2102004000 in the final NEI.
2 Texas added this SCC in its comments on the draft NEI; the data are either carried forward or grown from the 1999 NEI depending on the SCC.
3 Point SCC 10200901 in the preliminary and draft NEI was changed to the nonpoint SCC 2102008000 in the final NEI.
4 Point SCC 30101880 in the preliminary and draft NEI was changed to the nonpoint SCC 2301050001 in the final NEI.
5 Point SCC 68240059 in the preliminary and draft NEI was changed to the nonpoint SCC 2402000000 in the final NEI.
6 Point SCC 50490004 in the preliminary and draft NEI was changed to the nonpoint SCC 2601010000 in the final NEI.
2-31
-------
2.8 What Revisions did EPA Make to the Final NEI After Incorporating State/Local
Comments on the Draft NEI?
This section of the report documents revisions that EPA completed on the final NEI after
revising the draft NEI to incorporate S/L comments on the draft NEI.
2.8.1 Corrections to Source Classification Codes (SCCs)
Table 2-10 shows changes that EIAG made to SCCs or SCC descriptions that are
incorporated into the final nonpoint NEI. This table identifies the SCC used in the draft 2002
NEI and the SCC to which it was changed in the final NEI. Also, this table lists SCCs that were
classified as invalid (i.e., not in EPA's master SCC list) or inactive (i.e., in EPA's master SCC
list but no longer used) in the draft NEI but have been added or re-activated for the final NEI.
2.8.2 Corrections to Pollutant Codes
Table 2-11 shows the revisions to pollutant codes for the final nonpoint NEI. The old
pollutant codes were previously used in the NEI as place holders until official, new codes could
be issued by the Chemical Registry System. Therefore, in the final nonpoint NEI, the old codes
were updated with the new codes.
The pollutant 16-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (pollutant code 40) includes all
15-PAH species plus naphthalene (pollutant code 91203). For the final NEI, EPA reported
naphthalene under its own pollutant code and eliminated the use of the pollutant code for
16-PAH. Therefore, 16-PAH was mapped to either naphthalene or 15-PAH depending on the
source category (see Table 2-12). For fuel combustion sources, it was assumed that emissions
associated with 16-PAH are mostly if not all 15-PAH. For non-fuel combustion sources, it was
assumed that the majority of the 16-PAH emissions are naphthalene.
2-32
-------
Table 2-10. Revisions to SCCs in the Final Nonpoint NEI
SCC Used in
Draft Nonpoint
NEI
SCC Description
SCC Used ill
Final
Nonpoint NEI
New SCC
Created for
Final NEI
SCC Description
Mapping of Point SCCs in Draft NEI to Nonpoint SCCs in Final NEI
102005011
External Combustion Boilers : Industrial : Distillate Oil : Grades 1 and 2 Oil
2102004000
No
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Industrial : Distillate Oil : Total: Boilers and IC Engines
102009011
External Combustion Boilers : Industrial: Wood/Bark Waste : Bark-fired Boiler
2102008000
No
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Industrial : Wood : Total: All Boiler Types
102013021
External Combustion Boilers : Industrial: Liquid Waste : Waste Oil
2102012000
Yes
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Industrial : Waste oil: Total
103007011
External Combustion Boilers : Commercial/Institutional: Process Gas : POTW
Digester Gas-fired Boiler
2103010000
Yes
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Commercial/Institutional : Process gas : POTW Digester
Gas-fired Boiler
203001011
Internal Combustion Engines : Commercial/Institutional : Distillate Oil (Diesel):
Reciprocating
2103004000
No
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Commercial/Institutional : Distillate Oil: Total: Boilers
and IC Engines
203002011,2
Internal Combustion Engines : Commercial/Institutional: Natural Gas :
Reciprocating
2103006000
No
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Commercial/Institutional: Natural Gas : Total: Boilers and
IC Engines
301018801
Industrial Processes : Chemical Manufacturing : Plastics Production : Reactor
(Polyurethane)
2301050001
Yes
Industrial Processes : Chemical Manufacturing: SIC 28 : Plastics Production : Reactor
(Polyurethane)
301999991
Industrial Processes : Chemical Manufacturing : Other Not Classified : Specify in
Comments Field
2301000000
No
Industrial Processes : Chemical Manufacturing: SIC 28 : All Processes : Total
302004101
Industrial Processes : Food and Agriculture : Cotton Ginning : General - Entire
Process, Sum of Typical Equip Used
2801000000
No
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Agriculture Production - Crops : Agriculture - Crops : Total
302005121
Industrial Processes : Food and Agriculture : Feed and Grain Terminal Elevators :
Country Elevators: General
2801000007
No
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Agriculture Production - Crops : Agriculture - Crops : Loading
305002051,3
Industrial Processes : Mineral Products : Asphalt Concrete : Drum Dryer: Drum Mix
Plant (see 3-05-002-55 thru -63 for subtypes)
2305000000
No
Industrial Processes : Mineral Processes: SIC 32 : All Processes : Total
305006091,2
Industrial Processes : Mineral Products : Cement Manufacturing (Dry Process):
Primary Crushing
2305070000
No
Industrial Processes : Mineral Processes: SIC 32 : Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products : Total
30502701
Industrial Processes : Mineral Products : Industrial Sand and Gravel: Primary
Crushing of Raw Material
2325030000
No
Industrial Processes : Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 : Sand and Gravel: Total
308010051
Industrial Processes : Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products : Plastic Products
Manufacturing : Foam Production - General Process
2301050002
Yes
Industrial Processes : Chemical Manufacturing: SIC 28 : Plastics Production : Foam Production -
General Process
309012011
Industrial Processes : Fabricated Metal Products : Precious Metals Recovery :
Reclamation Furnace
2309010000
Yes
Industrial Processes : Fabricated Metals: SIC 34 : Precious Metals Recovery : Reclamation
Furnace
310002991
Industrial Processes : Oil and Gas Production : Natural Gas Production : Other Not
Classified
2310020000
No
Industrial Processes : Oil and Gas Production: SIC 13 : Natural Gas : Total: All Processes
313012001
Industrial Processes : Electrical Equipment: Fluorescent Lamp Recycling :
Fluorescent Lamp Recycling: Lamp Crusher
2861000010
Yes
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Fluorescent Lamp Breakage : Recycling Related Emissions : Total
315025001
Industrial Processes : Photo Equip/Health Care/Labs/Air Condit/SwimPools : Dental
Alloy (Mercury Amalgams) Production : Dental Alloy (Mercury Amalgams)
Production: Overall Process
2850001000
Yes
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Health Services : Dental Alloy Production : Overall Process
315030011
Industrial Processes : Photo Equip/Health Care/Labs/Air Condit/SwimPools :
Laboratories : Bench Scale Reagents: Research
2851001000
Yes
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Laboratories : Bench Scale Reagents : (probably "Total")
50100410
Waste Disposal : Solid Waste Disposal - Government: Landfill Dump : Waste Gas
Destruction: Waste Gas Flares
2620030000
No
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : Landfills : Municipal: Total
504900041
Waste Disposal: Site Remediation : : General Processes Incinerators: Process Gas
2601010000
No
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : On-site Incineration : Industrial : Total
682400591
MACT Source Categories : Miscellaneous Processes : Paint Stripper Users -
Chemical Strippers : Application, Degradation, and Coating Removal Steps: Other
Not Listed
2402000000
Yes
Solvent Utilization : Paint Strippers : Chemical Strippers : Application, Degradation, and
Coating Removal Steps: Other Not Listed
2-33
-------
Table 2-10 (continued)
SCC Used ill
Draft Nonpoint
NEI
SCC Description
SCC Used in
Final
Nonpoint NEI
New SCC
Created for
Final NEI
SCC Description
Mapping of Invalid to Valid Nonpoint SCCs
2420000999
Solvent Utilization : Dry Cleaning : All Processes : Solvents: NEC
2420000000
No
Solvent Utilization : Dry Cleaning : All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
New SCC Added in Final NEI
Not Applicable
2501055120
Yes
Storage and Transport: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage : Bulk Plants : Breathing Loss
: Gasoline
SCC Description Revised
2501050120
Storage and Transport: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage : Bulk
Stations/Terminals: Breathing Loss : Gasoline
2501050120
No
Storage and Transport: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage : Bulk Terminals Breathing
Loss : Gasoline
2861000000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Fluorescent Lamp Breakage : Total: Total
2861000000
No
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Fluorescent Lamp Breakage : Non-recycling Related Emissions :
Total
SCCs Added to EPA's Master List
2104008070
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Residential : Wood : Outdoor Wood Burning
Equipment
2104008070
No
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Residential : Wood : Outdoor Wood Burning Equipment
2399010000
Industrial Processes: Industrial Refrigeration: Refrigerant Losses: All Processes
2399010000
Industrial Processes: Industrial Refrigeration: Refrigerant Losses: All Processes
2630020010
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Wastewater Treatment: Public Owned :
Wastewater Treatment Processes Total
2630020010
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : Wastewater Treatment: Public Owned : Wastewater
Treatment Processes Total
2630020020
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery: Wastewater Treatment: Public Owned :
Biosolids Processes Total
2630020020
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery: Wastewater Treatment: Public Owned : Biosolids
Processes Total
2630050000
Waste Disposal, Treatment and Recovery; Wastewater Treatment; Public Owned;
Land Application - Digested Sludge
2630050000
Waste Disposal, Treatment and Recovery; Wastewater Treatment; Public Owned; Land
Application - Digested Sludge
2870000002
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Humans : Infant Diapered Waste : Total
2870000011
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Domestic Activity : Household Products : Total
2870000015
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Domestic Activity : Non-agricultural Fertilizers : Total
SCCs Revised from Invalid to Valid in EPA's Master List
2311010040
Industrial Processes : Construction: SIC 15 - 17 : Residential: Ground Excavations
2311020040
Industrial Processes : Construction: SIC 15 - 17 : Industrial/Commercial/Institutional : Ground
Excavations
2601030000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery On-site Incineration : Residential : Total
2601030000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : On-site Incineration : Residential: Total
2610000000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open Burning : All Categories : Total
2610000000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : Open Burning : All Categories : Total
2610010000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open Burning : Industrial : Total
2610010000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : Open Burning : Industrial : Total
2610020000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open Burning : Commercial/Institutional
: Total
2610020000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : Open Burning : Commercial/Institutional : Total
2805000000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Agriculture Production - Livestock : Agriculture -
Livestock : Total
2805000000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Agriculture Production - Livestock : Agriculture - Livestock :
Total
1 For the draft NEI, this point SCC was for a MACT category carried forward from 1999 HAP NEI.
2 Changing this point SCC to the nonpoint SCC shown in this table resulted in double counting of emissions with State or local data; therefore, the emissions for this point SCC were removed to avoid double counting of State and local
data.
3 This point SCC was removed from the draft NEI as a result of incorporating State, local, and EPA comments.
2-34
-------
Table 2-11. Revisions to Pollutant Codes
Old
Pollutant
Code1
Old Pollutant Code
Description
HAP Category for Old
Pollutant Code
New Pollutant
Code2
New Pollutant Code
Description
HAP Category for New
Pollutant Code
Notes
331
Cresols (Includes o, m, & p) /
Cresylic Acids
Cresol/Cresylic Acid
(Mixed Isomers)
1319773
Cresol
Cresols (Includes o, m, & p)
/ Cresylic Acids
New code replaces old for all
SCCs
247
Methylbenzopyrenes
Polycyclic Organic Matter
65357699
Methylbenzopyrene
Polycyclic Organic Matter
as non-15 PAH
New code replaces old for all
SCCs
248
Methylchrysene
Polycyclic Organic Matter
41637905
Methylchrysene
Polycyclic Organic Matter
as non-15 PAH
New code replaces old for all
SCCs
234
PAH, Total
Polycyclic Organic Matter
as 7-PAH
130498292
PAH, total
Polycyclic Organic Matter
as 7-PAH
New code replaces old for all
SCCs
40
16-PAH
Polycyclic Organic Matter
as 7-PAH
249
15-PAH
Polycyclic Organic Matter
as 15-PAH
If a fuel combustion SCC, code
was changed to 249
40
16-PAH
Polycyclic Organic Matter
as 7-PAH
91203
Naphthalene
Naphthalene
If a non-fuel combustion SCC,
code was changed to 91203
1 The old pollutant codes were used in the draft and preliminary 2002 NEI as well as previous versions (e.g., 1999 NEI).
2 The new pollutant code is used in the final 2002 NEI for the first time.
2-35
-------
Table 2-12. SCCs for which 16-PAH was Changed to 15-PAH or Naphthalene in the Final Nonpoint NEI
see
SCC Description
Revised Pollutant
Code1
Revised Pollutant Code
Description
Fuel Combustion Sources
2102004000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Industrial: Distillate Oil: Total: Boilers and IC Engines
249
15-PAH
2102005000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Industrial: Residual Oil: Total: All Boiler Types
249
15-PAH
2102008000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Industrial: Wood : Total: All Boiler Types
249
15-PAH
2103002000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Commercial/Institutional: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal: Total: All
Boiler Types
249
15-PAH
2103004000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Commercial/Institutional: Distillate Oil: Total: Boilers and IC Engines
249
15-PAH
2103005000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Commercial/Institutional: Residual Oil: Total: All Boiler Types
249
15-PAH
2104002000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Residential: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal: Total: All Combustor
Types
249
15-PAH
2104004000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Residential: Distillate Oil: Total: All Combustor Types
249
15-PAH
2104008000
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Residential: Wood : Total: Woodstoves and Fireplaces
249
15-PAH
2104008001
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Residential: Wood : Fireplaces: General
249
15-PAH
2104008070
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Residential: Wood : Outdoor Wood Burning Equipment
249
15-PAH
2601020000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : On-site Incineration : Commercial/Institutional: Total
249
15-PAH
2801500000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Agriculture Production - Crops : Agricultural Field Burning - whole field set on
fire : Total, all crop types
249
15-PAH
2810001000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Forest Wildfires : Total
249
15-PAH
2810005000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Managed Burning, Slash (Logging Debris): Total
249
15-PAH
2810015000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Prescribed Burning for Forest Management: Total
249
15-PAH
2810020000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Prescribed Burning of Rangeland : Total
249
15-PAH
2810060100
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Cremation : Humans
249
15-PAH
2810060200
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Other Combustion : Cremation : Animals
249
15-PAH
Non-Fuel Combustion Sources
2305070000
Industrial Processes : Mineral Processes: SIC 32 : Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products : Total
91203
Naphthalene
2401008000
Solvent Utilization : Surface Coating : Traffic Markings : Total: All Solvent Types
91203
Naphthalene
2401100000
Solvent Utilization : Surface Coating : Industrial Maintenance Coatings : Total: All Solvent Types
91203
Naphthalene
2505020120
Storage and Transport: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport: Marine Vessel: Gasoline
91203
Naphthalene
2830010000
Miscellaneous Area Sources : Catastrophic/Accidental Releases : Transportation Accidents : Total
91203
Naphthalene
1 This column shows the pollutant code to which 16-PAH (pollutant code 40) was changed. For fuel combustion sources, it was assumed that emissions associated with 16-PAH are mostly if not all 15-PAH. For non-fuel
combustion sources, it was assumed that the majority of the 16-PAH emissions are naphthalene.
2-36
-------
For the phosphorus compounds HAP category, only elemental phosphorus (pollutant code
7723140) is classified as a HAP. The final NEI was reviewed for all species associated with the
phosphorus compounds HAP category, and phosphorothioic acid (pollutant code 2921882) and
phosphoric acid (pollutant code 7664382) species were identified and removed.
2.8.3 Solvent Utilization HAP Emissions
The EPA prepared a VOC and HAP inventory for the 2002 NEI for the categories shown in
Table 2-13. The detailed methods and data EPA used to prepare the VOC and HAP inventory
for these SCCs is provided in Appendices A through C.
The VOC inventory was included in the draft 2002 NEI, and S/L comments on the VOC
emissions were incorporated into the final 2002 NEI. After incorporating S/L comments, EPA
applied speciation profiles to the VOC emissions in the final 2002 NEI to estimate HAPs. The
speciation profiles were applied to the S/L-supplied VOC emissions as well as the EPA VOC
inventory emissions. Note that the S/L SCCs were preserved in the NEI. In addition, EPA
replaced S/L-supplied HAPs with the HAP emissions estimated by applying the HAP speciation
profiles to the S/L-supplied VOC emissions to ensure consistency in the methods for estimating
HAPs. For example, this approach ensures that the sum of the HAPs classified as ozone
precursors does not exceed the VOC emissions for a given State and county FIPS code, SCC,
start date, end date, and emission type combination.
For the draft NEI, EPA added VOC emissions for categories for which S/L agencies did not
provide any data. The VOC emissions were adjusted to account for emissions included in the
draft point source NEI. Table 2-13 identifies the nonpoint categories for which point source
adjustments were completed. The VOC emissions in the draft point source NEI changed after
incorporating S/L comments. Therefore, before calculating HAPs for the EPA inventory, EPA
recalculated the point source adjustments using the VOC emissions in the final 2002 point source
NEI. In general, the methods outlined in Chapter 6 of the report documenting the draft solvent
2-37
-------
Table 2-13. Solvent Categories for which EPA Prepared a 2002 Emissions Inventory for VOC and HAPs
see
SCC Description
Point Source
Adjustments
Applied to
Nonpoint
Emissions
2401001000
Surface Coating : Architectural Coatings : Total: All Solvent Types
No
2401005000
Surface Coating : Auto Refinishing: SIC 7532 : Total: All Solvent Types
No
2401008000
Surface Coating : Traffic Markings : Total: All Solvent Types
No
2401015000
Surface Coating : Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242 : Total: All Solvent
Types
Yes
2401020000
Surface Coating : Wood Furniture: SIC 25 : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401025000
Surface Coating : Metal Furniture: SIC 25 : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401030000
Surface Coating : Paper: SIC 26 : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401040000
Surface Coating : Metal Cans: SIC 341 : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401050000
Surface Coating : Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34 - (341 + 3498): Total: All
Solvent Types
Yes
2401055000
Surface Coating : Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35 : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401060000
Surface Coating : Large Appliances: SIC 363 : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401065000
Surface Coating : Electronic and Other Electrical: SIC 36 - 363 : Total: All Solvent
Types
Yes
2401070000
Surface Coating : Motor Vehicles: SIC 371 : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401080000
Surface Coating : Marine: SIC 373 : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401090000
Surface Coating : Miscellaneous Manufacturing : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401100000
Surface Coating : Industrial Maintenance Coatings : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2401200000
Surface Coating : Other Special Purpose Coatings : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2415^00000
Degreasing : All Industries: Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent Types
No
2415300000
Degreasing : All Industries: Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2425000000
Graphic Arts : All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2430000000
Rubber/Plastics : All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2440000000
Miscellaneous Industrial: All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2440020000
Miscellaneous Industrial: Adhesive (Industrial) Application : Total: All Solvent Types
Yes
2460200000
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial: All Household Products :
Total: All Solvent Types
No
2461850000
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial: Pesticide Application: Agricultural: All
Processes
No
2465100000
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer : Personal Care Products : Total: All Solvent
Types
No
2465200000
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer : Household Products : Total: All Solvent
Types
No
2465400000
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer : Automotive Aftermarket Products : Total:
All Solvent Types
No
2465800000
Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer : Pesticide Application : Total: All Solvent
Types
No
1 The EPA inventory has zero VOC emissions for this category for all counties in the U.S. All non-zero values
are from States/Locals
2-38
-------
inventory were followed in applying the point source adjustments (EPA, 2005b). These
procedures involved back-calculating uncontrolled emissions for emission processes in the point
source inventory equipped with one of the destructive VOC control devices shown in Table 2-
14.
If the control efficiency was not available in the point source NEI, a default control efficiency of
70 percent was used to back-calculate emissions. Note, however, that the control efficiencies
used to back-calculate uncontrolled emissions for destructive controls (i.e., 70 or 98 percent) do
not match the default control efficiency values listed in Chapter 6 of the draft report for the EPA
inventory (EPA, 2005b). This is because the draft report has not yet been revised to reflect the
revised methods applied for back-calculating uncontrolled emissions for both the draft and final
2002 point source NEI. To be consistent with the methods documented in Chapter 6 of the
report for the draft solvent inventory, rule effectiveness was not included in these calculations
because of the expected high variability of its applicability in the NEI (EPA, 2005b).
Table 2-14. Destructive VOC Control Devices for Point Source Solvent Utilization Categories
Control Device Code
Control Device Description
019
CATALYTIC AFTERBURNER
020
CATALYTIC AFTERBURNER WITH HEAT EXCHANGER
021
DIRECT FLAME AFTERBURNER
022
DIRECT FLAME AFTERBURNER WITH HEAT EXCHANGER
023
FLARING
024
MODIFIED FURNACE OR BURNER DESIGN
025
STAGED COMBUSTION
027
REDUCED COMBUSTION - AIR PREHEATING
065
CATALYTIC REDUCTION
080
CHEMICAL OXIDATION
081
CHEMICAL REDUCTION
082
OZONATION
109
CATALYTIC OXIDIZER
112
AFTERBURNER
116
CATALYTIC INCINERATOR
131
THERMAL OXIDIZER
133
INCINERATOR
138
BOILER AT LANDFILL
203
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
2-39
-------
If the point source VOC control device was not destructive (e.g., a carbon adsorber), the
solvent was assumed to be used at some other point in the process, contributing to the overall
solvent consumption at the source. In this case, the controlled VOC emissions were treated as
uncontrolled VOC emissions in the point source subtraction step, as were the VOC emissions
from solvent sources without control devices (EPA, 2005b).
The uncontrolled VOC emissions for all processes within a solvent category were then
summed to the county-level by the 6-digit point source SCC for each category. For each solvent
category, the county-level point source emissions developed from the final point source NEI
were then subtracted from the county-level point source emissions from the draft point source
NEI, and then the difference in the VOC emissions was used to adjust the draft nonpoint VOC
emissions. Matching was performed at the 6-digit point and 7-digit nonpoint SCC levels. The
table named "Solvent Nonpoint to Point SCC Crosswalk" in Appendix C provides the crosswalk
that matches the point and nonpoint SCCs for each category.
Point source emissions for SCCs associated with "thinning" or "oven" activity were
equally distributed to the several nonpoint SCCs mapped to the point source SCCs. The
procedures for performing this allocation are documented in Chapter 6, section 6 of the report for
the draft solvent inventory (EPA, 2005b).
2.8.4 Fossil Fuel Combustion
This section of the report documents revisions that EPA made to the emissions for the fossil
fuel combustion categories after completing the draft NEI. The following explains the revisions
to (1) emissions EPA added to the draft NEI for pollutants missing in S/L inventories, (2) the
EPA inventories for the industrial coal combustion categories (i.e., anthracite and bituminous/
subbituminous) to remove activity associated with coke plants included in the final point source
NEI, (3) HAP emission factors for ICI coal combustion; and (4) the point source adjustments to
the EPA inventories for all of the ICI fossil fuel combustion categories. This section also
explains the methods EPA applied to all S/L and EPA PM emissions for the ICI and residential
2-41
-------
natural gas and LPG categories to account for new data indicating that PM-CON emissions are
approximately 10 times lower than the PM-CON emission factors published in AP-42 and the
Factor Information REtrieval (FIRE) Data System (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/
software/fire/index.html).
Methods for Estimating Missing Pollutant Emissions from S/L-Supplied Emissions
If a S/L inventory included VOC, NOX, or S02 emissions, EPA used the ratio of the
uncontrolled emission factor for the missing pollutant to the uncontrolled emission factor for
VOC, NOX, or S02 and applied the ratio to the VOC, NOX, or S02 emissions (in this order) to
estimate emissions for the missing CAPs and/or HAPs. The records for which emissions were
estimated using this ratio method were assigned the S/L agency data source code with an
extension of -VR, NR, or -SR indicating that the ratio was applied to the S/L agency-supplied
VOC, NOX, or S02 emissions, respectively. The emission factors used to prepare the ratios are
those documented in the NEI method for the ICI fossil fuel combustion categories (see
Appendix A for the emissions factors). Note that EPA applied this same method for estimating
missing pollutant emissions for the draft NEI. Because the base pollutant emissions changed as
a result of incorporating S/L comments on the draft NEI, all records estimated using the method
were removed and the method was re-applied to ensure that the missing pollutant emissions were
estimated using the final base pollutant emissions.
Revisions to Industrial Coal Combustion to Remove Coke Coal Activity Data
For the final NEI, EPA revised the activity data and emissions for the industrial coal
combustion category to remove activity associated with coke coal consumption since the
emissions data for coke plants are included in the point source inventory. Appendix A identifies
the 11 States with industrial coke coal consumption available from the Energy Information
Administration's (EIA) State Energy Data (SED) reports. In the final NEI, the EPA inventory
for this category was used for 4 of the 11 States (i.e., IL, KY, OH, and WV). For the remaining
2-42
-------
7 States that supplied data included in the final NEI, it was assumed that these States excluded
coke coal consumption from their nonpoint inventories for industrial coal combustion.
Revisions to ICI Coal Combustion HAP Emission Factors
The EPA/ESD provided new emission factors for some of the HAPs for anthracite and
bituminous/subbituminous coal combustion. The new emission factors are shown in Table 2-15.
These emission factors were used in the final NEI to calculate emissions using the EPA/NEI
method and to calculate missing pollutant emissions from S/L-supplied VOC, NOX, or S02
emissions.
Table 2-15. Revised HAP Emission Factors for ICI Coal Combustion
Uncontrolled Emission
Pollutant Code
Pollutant Name
Factor (Lb/Ton)
Anthracite Coal (SCCs 2102001000 and 2103001000)
7439965
Manganese
0.00049
7439976
Mercury
0.000083
7440020
Nickel
0.00028
7440382
Arsenic
0.00041
7440417
Beryllium
0.000021
7440439
Cadmium
0.000051
7440473
Chromium
0.00026
7439921
Lead
0.00042
Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal (SCCs 2102002000 and 2103002000)
7440473
Chromium
0.00026
50000
Formaldehyde
0.00024
7439921
Lead
0.00042
7440382
Arsenic
0.00041
7440439
Cadmium
0.000051
Revisions to Point Source Adjustments
As a result of incorporating S/L comments on the draft point source NEI, the methods used
to calculate point source adjustments to the ICI fuel combustion categories were revised to
account for changes in point source throughput data. Thus, the final nonpoint NEI estimates
2-43
-------
were revised to reflect point source throughput estimated using the final point source NEI. The
remainder of this section explains the methods for estimating point source throughput using CO
emissions from the final point source NEI and uncontrolled CO emission factors.
State-level point source fuel consumption was subtracted from the State-level fuel
consumption obtained from the EIA SED reports. The EPA reviewed the S/L inventories and
found that many S/L agencies did not report point source fuel consumption data. Consequently,
EPA back-calculated point source fuel consumption by dividing the point source CO emissions
in the final 2002 point source NEI by the uncontrolled point source CO emission factors
available in AP-42 and the FIRE database. Emissions for CO were used to back-calculate fuel
consumption because CO is typically not controlled for these ICI fossil fuel combustion
categories. This calculation was performed for each SCC by summing CO emissions to the
State-level, back-calculating the throughput, and subtracting the throughput from the State-level
SED fuel consumption estimates. The SED reports provide total coal consumption by State.
Thus, the back-calculated point source anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal
consumption was summed and subtracted from the SED fuel consumption. After adjusting the
SED fuel consumption for point source fuel consumption, any remaining activity was allocated
to counties using employment data (see Appendix A for details on the State-to-county allocation
methods and Appendix B for employment data used in the allocation procedures). Note that if
the fuel consumption was negative or zero, the emissions for the nonpoint source inventory were
set to zero and records were not added to the draft nonpoint source inventory. Appendix C
provides an Access table containing the crosswalk between the point and nonpoint SCCs and the
uncontrolled CO emission factors for the point source SCCs.
Revisions to PM Emissions for Natural Gas and LPG
On August 11, 2005, EPA issued an NEI Listserv notice indicating its intent to revise the
PM emissions from natural gas combustion and LPG in the final version of the 2002 NEI. This
adjustment was applied to all of the PM emissions (i.e., S/L and EPA) in the final 2002 nonpoint
NEI. The adjustment decreased the emissions of PM10-PRI, PM2.5-PRI, and PM-CON by 93 to
2-44
-------
95 percent. The reason for this adjustment is that EPA believes that the current AP-42 factors
for condensable emissions are too high. The EPA based this adjustment on some limited data
from the draft EPA dilution method that is similar to Conditional Test Method (CTM) 39
(http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/ctm.html) that measures PM10-PRI and PM2.5-PRI directly. The
data that this adjustment is based on can be found at
http://www.nyserda.Org/programs/Environment/emepreports.asp#FineParticulates.
Table 2-16 lists the ICI and residential SCCs to which the adjustments were made; the
adjustment ratio; and the PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, and PM-CON emissions before and after
applying the adjustments. For cases where PM10-FIL emissions were provided for the same
State and county FIPS code, SCC, start date, end date, and emission type combination, the
PM10-FIL emissions were recalculated by subtracting PM-CON emissions from the PM10-PRI
emissions. The PM25-FIL emissions were recalculated by subtracting PM-CON emissions from
the PM25-PRI emissions.
Note that the PM emission factors and national emissions presented in Appendix A for the
NEI methods for the ICI and residential fuel combustion categories are not adjusted with the
ratios shown in Table 2-16.
2-45
-------
Table 2-16. Adjustments to PM Emissions for ICI and Residential Natural Gas and LPG Stationary Source Fuel Combustion
PM10-PRI
PM25-PRI
PM-CON
National
National
National
National
National
National
Emissions
Emissions
Emissions
Emissions
Emissions
Emissions
After
Before
After
Before
After
Before
Applying
Applying
Ratio
Applying
Ratio
Applying
Ratio
Applying
Ratio
Applying
Ratio
see
SCC Description
Ratio (Tons)
(Tons)
Ratio
(Tons)
(Tons)
Ratio
(Tons)
(Tons)
Ratio
2101006000
Electric Utility : Natural Gas : Total: Boilers and IC
Engines
249.9
17.1
0.0684211
149.9
8.5
0.0565789
2101006002
Electric Utility : Natural Gas : All IC Engine Types
1.2
0.1
0.0684211
1.2
0.1
0.0565789
2102006000
Industrial: Natural Gas : Total: Boilers and IC Engines
13,840.2
947.0
0.0684211
13,737.9
777.3
0.0565789
7,837.1
443.4
0.0565789
2102006001
Industrial: Natural Gas : All Boiler Types
824.0
56.4
0.0684211
823.7
46.6
0.0565789
14.0
0.8
0.0565789
2102006002
Industrial: Natural Gas : All IC Engine Types
154.5
10.6
0.0684211
154.2
8.7
0.0565789
2102007000
Industrial: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG): Total: All
Boiler Types
1,013.0
69.3
0.0684211
989.3
56.0
0.0565789
174.7
9.9
0.0565789
2103006000
Commercial/Institutional: Natural Gas : Total: Boilers and
IC Engines
16,583.9
1,134.7
0.0684211
16,565.5
937.3
0.0565789
8,013.7
453.4
0.0565789
2103007000
Commercial/Institutional: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG):
Total: All Combustor Types
730.2
50.0
0.0684211
730.2
41.3
0.0565789
235.4
13.3
0.0565789
2103007005
Commercial/Institutional: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG):
All Boiler Types
0.1
0.0
0.0684211
0.1
0.0
0.0565789
2104006000
Residential: Natural Gas : Total: All Combustor Types
20,574.7
1,407.7
0.0684211
20,560.9
1,163.3
0.0565789
9,985.9
565.0
0.0565789
2104006010
Residential: Natural Gas : Residential Furnaces
2,357.3
161.3
0.0684211
2,357.3
133.4
0.0565789
58.1
3.3
0.0565789
2104007000
Residential: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG): Total: All
Combustor Types
2,836.6
194.1
0.0684211
2,761.1
156.2
0.0565789
1,084.2
61.3
0.0565789
2199007000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Liquified Petroleum
Gas (LPG): Total: All Boiler Types
117.6
8.0
0.0684211
117.6
6.7
0.0565789
Totals
59,283.1
4,056.2
0.0684211
58,948.8
3,335.3
0.0565789
27,403.0
1,550.4
0.0565789
2-46
-------
2.8.5 Gasoline Distribution
The EPA received comments from one local and six State agencies on its plans for
incorporating EPA Gasoline Distribution emissions data into the final NEI. As noted in the
February 18, 2005 memorandum, there were two main reasons for replacing the draft 2002 NEI
estimates, which reflect both S/L agency-supplied 2002 data and 1999 NEI estimates that were
carried forward to 2002 (when S/L 2002 data were not provided), with the new EPA-prepared
2002 estimates:
(1) For some categories, the draft 2002 NEI contained more criteria air pollutants (CAPs) and
more hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) than EPA intended to retain. Similarly, the draft
2002 NEI contained records for SCCs that EPA did not plan to maintain in the final NEI.
EPA has determined that it is important to maintain consistency in these areas to avoid
potential double-counting; the final NEI provided an opportunity to remove suspect records
(e.g., NOx emission records) for these categories. In addition, because EPA required a
Gasoline Distribution inventory to support an upcoming rulemaking (Mobile Source Air
Toxics Rule), the new EPA inventory provided a consistent data set for evaluating the
impacts of potential regulatory alternatives.
(2) The new EPA inventory uses an improved set of emission estimation methods in relation to
those used for the 1999 NEI. These improvements include: (a) for source categories where
activity-based emission factors are available (all except Bulk Terminals and Pipelines), EPA
has established methods that maintain mass balance for storage and transfer activities, such
that there is agreement with the activity estimates used for each of the different distribution
sectors; (b) EPA has developed CAP and HAP emission estimates using the same activity
data and a consistent set of speciation profiles; and © EPA has developed county-specific
methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene speciation profiles reflecting fuel
parameters for each county. These profiles reflect compliance with regulatory requirements
(e.g., reformulated gasoline programs).
2-47
-------
EPA reviewed the comments and conducted follow-up with each of the S/L agency contacts
to ensure a complete understanding of each comment. This follow-up included a detailed
description of how EPA planned to address each comment with respect to the final 2002
nonpoint source NEI. Table 2-17 provides a summary of the S/L agency comments, and how
EPA addressed each comment with respect to the final 2002 nonpoint source NEI.
2.8.6 PM Augmentation
For fuel combustion sources that have both filterable and condensible emissions, the
methods for estimating primary emissions missing from S/L inventories are detailed in section
2.9 of the report for the draft 2002 NEI. Note that time and resource constraints precluded
application of these procedures to correct PM data in S/L comments on the draft 2002 NEI.
Consequently, in some cases EPA set the primary emissions equal to the S/L-supplied filterable
emissions if the S/L agency did not supply condensible emissions with their filterable emissions.
For non-fuel combustion categories that have only filterable emissions, the primary and
filterable emissions are equal. For S/L agencies that provided only PM10-FIL and PM25-FIL
emissions, PM10-PRI emissions were set equal to PM10-FIL emissions and PM25-PRI
emissions were set equal to PM25-FIL emissions. The PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI emissions that
were added to the inventory were assigned a data source code of S-02-X-PR where S-02-X
represents the code assigned to the PM10-FIL and PM25-FIL emissions provided by the S/L
agency and the "-PR" indicates that the ratio was applied to estimate the primary emissions (in
this case, the ratio of primary to filterable emissions is "1").
2-48
-------
Table 2-17. Summary of State/Local Agency Comments and EPA Disposition of Comments
Geographic Area
see
S/L Agency Comment
EPA Resolution
Notes
Bernalillo County,
New Mexico
2501060050
Local agency had service stations develop
their tank filling and UST breathing and
emptying emissions based on their station's
throughput and an emissions factor
representing the sum of factors for each
process. Agency requested that EPA use the
resulting VOC emission estimates, which
were reported in SCC 2501060050 (Stage I:
Total).
Because local agency reported VOC
emissions in an SCC that EPA was not
supporting, EPA split the county's
emissions into individual SCCs used by
EPA (2501060053 and 2501060201).
The split was computed using the EIIP
emission factors for each process. EPA
computed HAP emissions from the
resulting VOC emissions by applying
EPA HAP speciation profiles.
EPA notes that use of local agency
supplied estimates results in loss of
gasoline throughput mass balance
across gasoline distribution source
categories.
2501050000
Requested replacement of EPA bulk terminal
emissions with local agency supplied
emissions. These estimates were from bulk
annual criteria pollutant emission inventory
reports prepared by bulk terminals. These
emissions were reported in SCC 2501050000
(All Petroleum Products ) because agency was
unable to determine the products reflected in
the bulk terminal reports.
EPA did not use the local agency's
criteria pollutant emission estimates
because HAP emissions were not
supplied and it was not possible for EPA
to calculate HAP emissions from the
reported VOC emissions because the
product(s) associated with the estimates
were unknown. Also, EPA prefers to use
product-specific SCCs, which assist in
ensuring that double-counting of
emissions does not occur. EPA
incorporated EPA's emission estimates,
which are reported using the gasoline
bulk terminal SCC (2501050120).
Local agency noted that future
Bernalillo County submittals will
report all bulk terminal emissions
in the point source inventory.
Maryland
2501060100
2501060053
2501060201
2505030120
Replace EPA VOC emission estimates with
estimates supplied by State.
Replaced EPA VOC emission estimates
with MD's estimates and calculated HAP
emission estimates by multiplying EPA
speciation profiles by MD's VOC
estimates.
2-49
-------
Table 2-17 (continued)
Geographic Area
see
S/L Agency Comment
EPA Resolution
Notes
Massachusetts
2501050120
2501055120
State commented that all bulk terminal and
bulk plant emissions are reported in point
source inventory.
Removed all bulk terminal and bulk plant
emissions from nonpoint source
inventory.
2501060053
2501060201
2505030120
Requested that State's VOC emission
estimates be used in place of EPA's estimates.
Replaced EPA VOC emission estimates
with State-supplied estimates. EPA
calculated HAP emissions from State-
supplied VOC emissions using the EPA
speciation profiles identified in
Appendix A.
Although MA's VOC emission
estimates for 2501060201 are
similar to EPA's ; their estimates
for other two SCCs are more than
double EPA's. EPA recommends
that State compare their emission
estimation methods to EPA's
methods for SCC 2505030120 and
2501060053.
New Hampshire
2501060201
2505030120
Replace EPA's VOC emission estimates with
State-supplied emissions that reflect State
controls.
Replaced EPA's VOC emission estimates
with NH's estimates and calculated HAP
emissions by multiplying VOC emissions
by EPA HAP speciation profiles.
New Jersey
2501060053
Replace EPA's VOC emission estimates with
State-supplied estimates.
Replaced EPA VOC emissions with NJ's
estimates and calculated HAP emissions
by applying EPA HAP speciation profiles
to State-supplied VOC estimates.
2501060100
EPA should calculate Stage II emissions using
a control efficiency of 62 percent rather than
EPA's estimate of 86 percent.
EPA was unable to develop revised
emission estimates based on the 62
percent control efficiency value due to
budget constraints. However, EPA
incorporated the 62 percent value into the
National Mobile Inventory Model
(NMIM) database.
EPA notes that the final NEI may
slightly overstate NJ's emissions
for this category.
2501050120
2501055120
2505040120
Remove all EPA pipeline, bulk terminal, and
bulk plant emission estimates from nonpoint
source inventory because all emissions are
categorized in the point source inventory.
Removed EPA's emissions for these
SCCs from the nonpoint source NEI.
2-50
-------
Table 2-17 (continued)
Geographic Area
see
S/L Agency Comment
EPA Resolution
Notes
Ohio
2501060052
Revise assumption of percentage of
throughput in each county of State that is
splash fill to 5 percent.
EPA recalculated splash fill VOC and
HAP emissions to reflect the throughput
filling method percentage value supplied
by Ohio.
2501060053
Revise assumption of percentage of
throughput in each county that is balanced
submerged fill to 95 percent.
EPA recalculated balanced submerged fill
VOC and HAP emissions to reflect the
throughput filling method percentage
value supplied by Ohio.
Vermont
2501055120
Replace EPA VOC emission estimates with
controlled emission estimates supplied by VT.
Incorporated VT's bulk plant VOC
emissions and calculated bulk plant HAP
emissions by applying EPA HAP
speciation profiles.
2501050120
Remove EPA's bulk terminal emission
estimates from nonpoint source NEI
Removed EPA's nonpoint source bulk
terminal emissions from final nonpoint
source NEI.
2-51
-------
If time and resource constraints permitted, PM25-PRI emissions missing from S/L
inventories were estimated by applying a ratio of PM25-PRI to PM10-PRI emissions to the
PM10-PRI emissions provided by the S/L agency. Table 2-18 identifies the agencies with SCCs
for which ratios were applied to estimate PM25-PRI emissions. This table also shows the ratios
and the reference for the ratios. Otherwise, the PM25-PRI emissions were set equal to the
S/L-supplied PM25-FIL emissions to ensure that the final NEI contained a complete set of both
PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI emissions for all nonpoint sources of PM.
Table 2-18. SCCs for which PM25-PRI Emissions were Estimated by Applying a Ratio to the PM10-PRI
Emissions in the S/L/T inventory
see
SCC Description
Ratio of PM25-
PRI to PM10-
PRI
Reference
2294000000
Mobile Sources : Paved Roads : All Paved Roads : Total: Fugitives
0.25
NEI Method.
2296000000
Mobile Sources : Unpaved Roads : All Unpaved Roads : Total:
Fugitives
0.15
NEI Method.
2309100010
Industrial Processes: Fabricated Metals: SIC 34: Coating, Engraving,
and Allied Services: Electroplating
0.947
AP-42 emission factors for hard
chrome plating tank controlled with
nist eliminator. AP-42 (Table 12.20-
3) shows 94.7% of total PM as less
than 2.35 micrometers. Applied
factor to state-supplied PM10-PRI
emissions to estimate PM25-PRI
emissions.
2461023000
Solvent Utilization: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial:
Asphalt Roofing: Total: All Solvent Types
1
No data available; assumed PM25-
PRI equals PM10-PRI.
2505020000
Storage and Transport: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport:
Marine Vessel : Total: All Products
1
No data available; assumed PM25-
PRI equals PM10-PRI.
2535010000
Storage and Transport: Bulk Materials Transport: Rail Car : Total: All
Products
1
No data available; assumed PM25-
PRI equals PM10-PRI.
2601000000
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery: On-site Incineration: All
Categories: Total
1
No data available; assumed PM25-
PRI equals PM10-PRI.
2610000100
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery: On-site Incineration: All
Categories: Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified
1
No data available; assumed PM25-
PRI equals PM10-PRI.
2810001000
Miscellaneous Area Sources: Other Combustion: Forest Wildfires:
Total
1
No data available; assumed PM25-
PRI equals PM10-PRI.
2810015000
Miscellaneous Area Sources: Other Combustion: Prescribed Burning
for Forest Management: Total
1
No data available; assumed PM25-
PRI equals PM10-PRI.
2810020000
Miscellaneous Area Sources: Other Combustion: Prescribed Burning
of Rangeland: Total
0.86
Based on ratio of PM25-PRI to
PM10-PRI for same SCC used by
states in 2002 NEI.
2810030000
Miscellaneous Area Sources: Other Combustion: Structure Fires:
Total
0.91
NEI Method.
2810050000
Miscellaneous Area Sources: Other Combustion: Motor Vehicle
Fires: Total
0.91
NEI Method.
2-52
-------
Information developed by the Western Regional Air Partnership and EPA indicate that,
for paved and unpaved roads and the construction nonpoint source categories, the
PM2.5-to-PM10 ratio is lower than the ratio used in the NEI method to estimate PM25-PRI/-FIL
emissions from PM10-PRI/-FIL emissions. Therefore, for the final NEI, EPA applied an
adjustment factor to the PM25-PRI/-FIL emissions to correct for overestimates of PM25-PRI/-
FIL emissions for these categories. Table 2-19 identifies the categories to which this adjustment
was applied, the old and new PM2.5-to-PM10 ratios, and the adjustment factors applied to the
PM25-PRI/-FIL emissions in the final NEI.
Table 2-19. Revisions to PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL Emissions for Paved and Unpaved Roads
and Construction
see
SCC Description
Original
PM25-to-PM10
Ratio
Revised
PM25-to-
PMnn Ratio
NEI
Adjustment
Factor1
2294000000
Mobile Sources : Paved Roads : All Paved Roads :
Total: Fugitives
0.25
0.15
0.6
2296000000
Mobile Sources : Unpaved Roads : All Unpaved
Roads : Total: Fugitives
0.15
0.1
0.67
2296005000
Mobile Sources : Unpaved Roads : Public Unpaved
Roads : Total: Fugitives
0.15
0.1
0.67
2296010000
Mobile Sources : Unpaved Roads : Industrial
Unpaved Roads : Total: Fugitives
0.15
0.1
0.67
2311000000
Industrial Processes : Construction: SIC 15-17 :
All Processes : Total
0.15
0.1
0.67
2311010000
Industrial Processes : Construction: SIC 15-17 :
Residential : Total
0.15
0.1
0.67
2311010040
Industrial Processes : Construction: SIC 15-17 :
Residential : Ground Excavations
0.15
0.1
0.67
2311020000
Industrial Processes : Construction: SIC 15-17 :
Industrial/Commercial/lnstitutional : Total
0.15
0.1
0.67
2311020040
2311030000
Industrial Processes : Construction: SIC 15-17 :
Industrial/Commercial/lnstitutional : Ground
Excavations
Industrial Processes : Construction: SIC 15-17 :
Road Construction : Total
0.15
0.15
P P
0.67
0.67
1 For these categories, filterable and primary emissions are equal because they are not sources of condensible emissions.
Therefore, the NEI adjustment factor was applied to both the PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL emissions in the NEI.
2-53
-------
2.8.7 HAP Reconciliation
Background
The CAA list of 188 HAPs includes several HAP groups in addition to individual
chemicals. Examples of some HAP groups are metal compounds, cresols/cresylic acid (isomers
and mixture), polycyclic organic matter (POM), dioxins, and furans. The nonpoint NEI data
structure allows information on individual chemicals in these HAP groups to be retained, and
their emissions could be reported either as the individual chemicals or as a combination of
emissions that represent the entire HAP group. In the nonpoint source NEI, emissions were
estimated for the individual HAPs, and not grouped together. However, if only a HAP group
estimate was available, no attempt was made to disaggregate the HAP group emissions into the
individual HAPs.
For POM, emissions are listed in the nonpoint source NEI as either the more general
POM HAP group, individual POM HAPs, or as two subsets of the POM groups that EPA
developed for other national inventories. The first subset consists of 7 PAHs, and the other
consists of 15 PAHs. Individual POM chemicals that are not in either the 7-PAH or 15-PAH
groups, or emissions defined simply as POM, are reported as POM in the nonpoint source
component of the NEI.
The compounds listed below constitute the 7-PAH (marked with asterisks) and the
15-PAH compounds. The 7-PAH compounds have been determined by the International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC) (http://www.iarc.fr/) to be animal carcinogens. The sum of these
7 compounds represents the 7-PAH emission subset that is used in this inventory, and the sum of
the 15 compounds represents the 15-PAH emission subset used in this inventory.
2-54
-------
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
B enz(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Chrysene
Dib enz(a, h)anthracene
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Indeno( 1,2,3 -cd)pyrene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Thus, an estimate of the emissions for all the POM compounds in the nonpoint source NEI is the
sum of the 15-PAH (group or individual), the non-15-PAH individual HAPs, and the unspeciated
POM emissions.
HAP Reconciliation
This section documents the methods applied to reconcile emissions within a HAP
category to eliminate double-counting of emissions reported, for example, under a pollutant code
representing total emissions for all individual species for the HAP group and under one or more
different pollutant codes for individual species that belong to the HAP group. Table 2-20 lists
the HAP categories for which reconciliation was performed. This table also identifies for each
HAP category the pollutant names and their pollutant codes that were identified in the final 2002
NEI with overlapping emissions for the same State and county FIPS code, SCC, start date, end
date, and emission type combination. Note that the HAP reconciliation procedures were applied
after incorporating all S/L comments and after applying all augmentation procedures to add HAP
emissions not supplied by S/L agencies.
2-55
-------
Table 2-20. HAP Categories Reviewed for Double Counting of Emissions
HAP Category
Reconciliation
Required
Overlapping Pollutants Identified and Corrected in the Final 2002
Nonpoint NEI1
Antimony Compounds
No
No overlap between Antimony & Compounds (92) and Antimony
Metal (7440360) or species
Arsenic Compounds
Yes
Arsenic & Compounds (Inorganic Including Arsine) (93) overlapped
with Arsenic Metal (7440382)
Beryllium Compounds
Yes
Beryllium & Compounds (109) overlapped with Beryllium Metal
(7440417)
Cadmium Compounds
Yes
Cadmium & Compounds (125) overlapped with Cadmium Metal
(7440439)
Chromium Compounds
Yes
Chromium & Compounds (136) overlapped with Chromium (VI)
(18540299) and
Chromium Metal (7440473)
Cobalt Compounds
No
No overlap between Cobalt & Compounds (139) and Cobalt Metal
(7440484) or species
Cresol/Cresylic Acid
(Mixed Isomers)
No
No overlap between Cresols (Includes o, m, & p)/Cresylic Acids (331)
and Cresol (1319773) or species
Cyanide Compounds
Yes
Cyanide & Compounds (144) overlapped with Hydrogen Cyanide
(74908)
Glycol Ethers
Yes
Glycol Ethers Total (171) overlapped with the following Glycol Ether
species:
Cellosolve Solvent (110805);
Cellosolve Acetate (111159);
Butyl Cellosolve (111762);
Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (111773);
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (111900);
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether (112345);
Di(Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether) Phthalate (16672392); and
Diethylene Glycol Monovinyl Ether (929373).
Lead Compounds
Yes
Lead & Compounds (195) overlapped with Lead Metal (7439921)
Manganese Compounds
Yes
Manganese & Compounds (198) overlapped with Manganese Metal
(7439965)
Mercury Compounds
Yes
Mercury & Compounds (199) overlapped with Mercury Metal
(7439976)
Nickel Compounds
Yes
Nickel & Compounds (226) overlapped with Nickel Metal (7440020)
Polycyclic Organic
Matter as 7-PAH
Yes
Benzo bk Fluoranthene (102) overlapped with Benzo b Fluoranthene
(205992) and Benzo k Fluoranthene Emissions (207089).
7-PAH Total (75) overlapped with the following 7-PAH species:
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene (102):
Indeno[l,2,3-c,d]Pyrene (193395);
Chrysene (218019):
Polycyclic Organic Matter (246):
Benzo[a]Pyrene (50328):
Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene (53703): and
Benz[a]Anthracene (56553).
2-56
-------
Table 2-20 (continued)
HAP Category
Reconciliation
Required
Overlapping Pollutants Identified and Corrected in the Final 2002
Nonpoint NEI1
Polycyclic Organic
Matter as 15-PAH
Yes
15-PAH Total (249) overlapped with the following 7-PAH Total or
species:
7-PAH (75):
Benzo[b]Fluoranthene (205992);
Benzo[k]Fluoranthene (207089);
Benzofluoranthenes (56832736);
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene (102);
Indeno[l,2,3-c,d]Pyrene (193395);
Chrysene (218019);
Benzo[a]Pyrene (50328);
Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene (53703); and
Benz[a]Anthracene (56553).
15-PAH Total (249) overlapped with the following 15-PAH species:
Anthracene (120127);
Pyrene (129000);
Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene (191242);
Fluoranthene (206440);
Acenaphthylene (208968);
Acenaphthene (83329);
Phenanthrene (85018); and
Fluorene (86737).
Selenium Compounds
Yes
Selenium & Compounds (253) overlapped with Selenium Metal
(7782492)
Xylenes (Mixed Isomers)
Yes
Xylene Isomers Total (1330207) overlapped with m-Xylene (108383),
o-Xylene (95476), andp-Xylene (106423)
1 This column lists the pollutant names (and pollutant codes) that were identified in the final 2002 NEI with overlapping
emissions for the Emission table data key minus the pollutant code (i.e., pollutant emissions occurred for the same State and
county FIPS code, SCC, start date, end date, and emission type).
2-57
-------
The emissions reported for the pollutant code for aggregated emissions were compared to
the sum of the emissions reported for the individual species within each HAP group. If the data
source code was the same for all pollutants, the emissions for the species were kept in the NEI if
the sum of the species' emissions was greater than or equal to the emissions reported for the
pollutant code for aggregated emissions. Otherwise, the emissions for the pollutant code for
aggregated emissions were kept in the NEI if the emissions were greater than the sum of the
species. The following provides an example for the lead HAP group:
1. If the sum of the speciated lead emissions was greater than or equal to lead and
compounds emissions, lead and compounds emissions were deleted from the NEI.
2. If lead and compounds emissions were greater than the sum of the speciated lead
emissions, speciated lead emissions were deleted from the NEI.
3. If emissions were speciated and no lead and compounds were reported (lead and
lead oxide for example), all records were kept in the NEI.
Where the data source codes for the pollutant code for aggregated emissions and the
pollutant codes for the species were different, preference was given to keeping S/L-supplied data
in the final NEI. For example, if State-supplied emissions for lead and compounds was less than
emissions for lead metal originating from an NEI method, the State-supplied emissions for lead
and compounds were kept in the final NEI.
2.8.8 Assignment of Process MACT Codes, MACT Compliance Status Codes, and MACT
Flags
The Emission Process table includes fields for holding the Process MACT Code, Process
MACT Compliance Status Code, and the MACT Flag. This section of the report explains how
these fields were populated for the final 2002 nonpoint NEI.
2-58
-------
Table 2-21 provides an unique list of the MACT categories, their Process MACT Codes,
and Process MACT Compliance Status Codes assigned to nonpoint source categories in the final
2002 NEI. This table also identifies the SCCs associated with the Process MACT Codes, and
Process MACT Compliance Status Codes.
The categories for which the MACT codes are assigned are based on the expected
applicability of MACT rules to nonpoint sources. Note that in prior versions of the nonpoint
NEI (i.e., draft and preliminary 2002 NEI and the 1999 NEI), several other categories were
identified as covered by MACT rules. Therefore, for the final NEI, EPA removed the Process
MACT Codes and Process MACT Compliance Status Codes previously supplied by either S/L
agencies or by EPA in prior versions of the NEI. The EPA also removed invalid MACT codes
provided by S/L agencies. Table 2-22 lists the MACT source categories and codes removed
from the final NEI.
2-59
-------
Table 2-21. Summary of Process MACT Codes and Process MACT Compliance Status Codes Used in the Final 2002 Nonpoint NEI
Process
Process
MACT
MACT
Complianc
Process MACT Code Description
Code
e Status1
see
SCC Description
Industrial/Commercial/ Institutional Boilers
& Process Heaters - coal
0107-1
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Coal
03
2102001000
Industrial: Anthracite Coal: Total: All Boiler Types
03
2102002000
Industrial: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal: Total: All Boiler Types
03
2103001000
Commercial/Institutional: Anthracite Coal: Total: All Boiler Types
03
2103002000
Commercial/Institutional: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal: Total: All Boiler
Types
03
2199001000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Anthracite Coal: Total: All Boiler Types
03
2199002000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal: Total:
All Boiler Types
Industrial/Commercial/ Institutional Boilers
& Process Heaters - gas
0107-2
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Natural Gas, LPG, and Process Gas
03
2102006000
Industrial: Natural Gas : Total: Boilers and IC Engines
03
2102006001
Industrial: Natural Gas : All Boiler Types
03
2102007000
Industrial: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG): Total: All Boiler Types
03
2102010000
Industrial: Process Gas : Total: All Boiler Types
03
2103006000
Commercial/Institutional: Natural Gas : Total: Boilers and IC Engines
03
2103007000
Commercial/Institutional: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) : Total: All
Combustor Types
03
2103007005
Commercial/Institutional: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) : All Boiler Types
03
2103010000
Commercial/Institutional: Process gas : POTW Digester Gas-fired Boiler
03
2199006000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Natural Gas : Total: Boilers and IC
Engines
03
2199006001
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Natural Gas : All Boiler Types
03
2199007000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG): Total: All
Boiler Types
2-60
-------
Table 2-21 (continued)
Process
Process
MACT
MACT
Complianc
Process MACT Code Description
Code
e Status1
see
SCC Description
Stationary Reciprocal Internal Combustion
Engines - gas
0105-2
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Natural Gas, LPG, and Process Gas
03
2102006002
Industrial: Natural Gas : All IC Engine Types
Industrial/Commercial/ Institutional Boilers
& Process Heaters - oil
0107-3
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Oil
03
2102004000
Industrial: Distillate Oil: Total: Boilers and IC Engines
03
2102005000
Industrial: Residual Oil: Total: All Boiler Types
03
2102012000
Industrial: Waste oil: Total
03
2103004000
Commercial/Institutional: Distillate Oil: Total: Boilers and IC Engines
03
2103005000
Commercial/Institutional: Residual Oil: Total: All Boiler Types
03
2199004000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Distillate Oil: Total: Boilers and IC
Engines
03
2199004001
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Distillate Oil: All Boiler Types
03
2199005000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Residual Oil: Total: All Boiler Types
Stationary Reciprocal Internal Combustion
Engines - oil
0105-3
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Oil
03
2199004002
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Distillate Oil: All IC Engine Types
Industrial/Commercial/ Institutional Boilers
& Process Heaters - wood or waste
0107-4
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Wood
03
2102008000
Industrial: Wood : Total: All Boiler Types
03
2103008000
Commercial/Institutional: Wood : Total: All Boiler Types
03
2199008000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Wood : Total: All Boiler Types
Industrial/Commercial/ Institutional Boilers
& Process Heaters
0107
Stationary Source Fuel Combustion : Kerosene
03
2102011000
Industrial: Kerosene : Total: All Boiler Types
03
2103011000
Commercial/Institutional: Kerosene : Total: All Combustor Types
03
2103011005
Commercial/Institutional: Kerosene : All Boiler Types
2-61
-------
Table 2-21 (continued)
Process MACT Code Description
Process
MACT
Code
Process
MACT
Complianc
e Status1
see
SCC Description
03
2199011000
Total Area Source Fuel Combustion : Kerosene : Total: All Heater Types
Industrial Processes : Fabricated Metals: SIC 34 : Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services
Hard Chromium Electroplating
1615
03
2309100010
Electroplating
Decorative Chromium Electroplating
1610
03
2309100030
Plating: Metal Deposition
Oil & Natural Gas Production
0501
Industrial Processes : Oil and Gas Production: SIC 13 :
03
2310000000
All Processes : Total: All Processes
03
2310001000
All Processes : On-shore : Total: All Processes
03
2310002000
All Processes : Off-shore : Total: All Processes
03
2310010000
Crude Petroleum : Total: All Processes
03
23100200002
Natural Gas : Total: All Processes
03
2310030000
Natural Gas Liquids : Total: All Processes
Natural Gas Transmission & Storage
0504
Industrial Processes : Oil and Gas Production: SIC 13 :
06
23100200002
Natural Gas : Total: All Processes
Paint Stripping Operations
1621
Solvent Utilization : Paint Strippers
03
2402000000
Chemical Strippers : Application, Degradation, and Coating Removal Steps:
Other Not Listed
Halogenated Solvent Cleaners
1614
Solvent Utilization : Degreasing :
03
2415000000
All Processes/All Industries : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415005000
Furniture and Fixtures (SIC 25): All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415015000
Secondary Metal Industries (SIC 33): All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415020000
Fabricated Metal Products (SIC 34): All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415025000
Industrial Machinery and Equipment (SIC 35): All Processes : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415030000
Electronic and Other Elec. (SIC 36): All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415035000
Transportation Equipment (SIC 37): All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
2-62
-------
Table 2-21 (continued)
Process
Process
MACT
Process MACT Code Description
MACT
Code
Complianc
e Status1
see
SCC Description
03
2415040000
Instalments and Related Products (SIC 38): All Processes : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415045000
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC 39): All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415055000
Automotive Dealers (SIC 55): All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415060000
Miscellaneous Repair Services (SIC 76): All Processes : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415065000
Auto Repair Services (SIC 75): All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415100000
All Industries: Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415105000
Furniture and Fixtures (SIC 25): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415110000
Primary Metal Industries (SIC 33): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415120000
Fabricated Metal Products (SIC 34): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415125000
Industrial Machinery and Equipment (SIC 35): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415130000
Electronic and Other Elec. (SIC 36): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415135000
Transportation Equipment (SIC 37): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415140000
Instruments and Related Products (SIC 38): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415145000
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC 39): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415150000
Transportation Maintenance Facilities (SIC 40-45): Open Top Degreasing :
Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415155000
Automotive Dealers (SIC 55): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415160000
Auto Repair Services (SIC 75): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415165000
Miscellaneous Repair Services (SIC 76): Open Top Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415200000
All Industries: Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All Solvent Types
2-63
-------
Table 2-21 (continued)
Process
Process
MACT
Process MACT Code Description
MACT
Code
Complianc
e Status1
see
SCC Description
03
2415205000
Furniture and Fixtures (SIC 25): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415210000
Primary Metal Industries (SIC 33): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415220000
Fabricated Metal Products (SIC 34): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415225000
Industrial Machinery and Equipment (SIC 35): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total:
All Solvent Types
03
2415230000
Electronic and Other Elec. (SIC 36): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415235000
Transportation Equipment (SIC 37): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415240000
Instruments and Related Products (SIC 38): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total:
All Solvent Types
03
2415245000
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC 39): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415250000
Trans. Maintenance Facilities (SIC 40-45): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415255000
Automotive Dealers (SIC 55): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415265000
Miscellaneous Repair Services (SIC 76): Conveyerized Degreasing : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415300000
All Industries: Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415305000
Furniture and Fixtures (SIC 25): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415310000
Primary Metal Industries (SIC 33): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415320000
Fabricated Metal Products (SIC 34): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415325000
Industrial Machinery and Equipment (SIC 35): Cold Cleaning : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415330000
Electronic and Other Elec. (SIC 36): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415335000
Transportation Equipment (SIC 37): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
2-64
-------
Table 2-21 (continued)
Process MACT Code Description
Process
MACT
Code
Process
MACT
Complianc
e Status1
see
SCC Description
03
2415340000
Instalments and Related Products (SIC 38): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415345000
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC 39): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent
Types
03
2415350000
Transportation Maintenance Facilities (SIC 40-45): Cold Cleaning : Total: All
Solvent Types
03
2415355000
Automotive Dealers (SIC 55): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415360000
Auto Repair Services (SIC 75): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2415365000
Miscellaneous Repair Services (SIC 76): Cold Cleaning : Total: All Solvent
Types
Dry Cleaning: Perchloroethylene
1643
Solvent Utilization : Dry Cleaning
2420000000
All Processes : Total: All Solvent Types
03
2420000055
All Processes : Perchloroethylene
03
2420010055
Commercial/Industrial Cleaners : Perchloroethylene
03
2420020055
Coin-operated Cleaners : Perchloroethylene
Gasoline Distribution (Stage I)
0601
Storage and Transport: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage
02
2501050120
Bulk Terminals: Breathing Loss : Gasoline
2501055120
Bulk Plants: Breathing Loss, Gasoline
2501060051
Gasoline Service Stations : Stage 1: Submerged Filling
2501060052
Gasoline Service Stations : Stage 1: Splash Filling
2501060053
Gasoline Service Stations : Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling
2501060100
Gasoline Service Stations : Stage 2: Total
2501060201
Gasoline Service Stations : Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying
2501080050
Airports : Aviation Gasoline : Stage 1: Total
Gasoline Distribution (Stage I)
0601
Storage and Transport: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport
03
2505030120
Truck : Gasoline
02
2505040120
Pipeline : Gasoline
2-65
-------
Table 2-21 (continued)
Process MACT Code Description
Process
MACT
Code
Process
MACT
Complianc
e Status1
SCC
SCC Description
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
Emissions
0803
Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery : Wastewater Treatment:
2630000000
All Categories : Total Processed
03
2630020000
Public Owned : Total Processed
03
2630020001
Public Owned : Flaring of Gases
03
2630020010
Public Owned : Wastewater Treatment Processes Total
03
2630020020
Public Owned : Biosolids Processes Total
Hospital Sterilizers
1644
Miscellaneous Area Sources
03
2850000010
Health Services : Hospitals : Sterilization Operations
1 Definitions for the codes shown in this column are as follows:
02 = Major source (>10/25 tpy), compliance date has occurred:
03 = Area source (<10/25tpy) category listed in, and subject to, Section 112 &129 standards;
06 = Rule only affects major sources; area may be flagged; and
Null = the EP
2 If a State or local agency provided MACT code 0501 for this SCC, the MACT code was not changed; otherwise EPA assigned the default MACT code 0504 to the SCC. The point SCC
31000299 (Industrial Processes : Oil and Gas Production : Natural Gas Production : Other Not Classified) in the draft NEI was changed to the nonpoint SCC 2310020000 in the final NEI.
This category was assigned the process MACT code 0504 in the draft and; therefore, this process MACT code was not changed for the final. If a county had both the point and nonpoint
SCCs, the point SCC was removed to avoid double counting of emissions in the final NEI.
2-66
-------
Table 2-22. Source Categories for Process MACT Codes that were Removed from the NEI
Maximum Achievable Control Technology
Source Category
(MACT) Category
Engine Test Facilities
0101
Engine Test Facilities
0101
Rocket Engine Test Firing
0101
Stationary Reciprocal Internal Combustion Engines
0105
Steel Pickling - E1CL Process
0310
Refractory Products Manufacturing
0406
Asphalt Roofing and Processing
0418
Marine Vessel Loading Operations
0603
Aerospace Industries
0701
Auto & Light Duty Truck (Surface Coating)
0702
Wood Building Products (Surface Coating)
0703
Large Appliance (Surface Coating)
0704
Metal Can (Surface Coating)
0707
Metal Coil (Surface Coating)
0708
Metal Furniture (Surface Coating)
0709
Miscellaneous Metal Parts & Products (Surface Coating)
0710
Paper & Other Webs (Surface Coating)
0711
Printing, Coating & Dyeing Of Fabrics
0713
Printing/Publishing (Surface Coating)
0714
Shipbuilding & Ship Repair (Surface Coating)
0715
Wood Furniture (Surface Coating)
0716
Municipal Landfills
0802
Site Remediation
0805
Boat Manufacturing
1305
Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production
1314
Flexible Polyurethane Foam Fabrication Operations
1341
Chlorine Production
1403
Chromic Acid Anodizing
1607
Medical Waste Incinerators
1801
Invalid
1807-1
In general, the Process MACT Compliance Status Code of 03 (area source (<10/25 tons
per year) category listed in, and subject to, Section 112 &129 standards) was assigned to the
majority of the MACT categories. One exception was for the Gas Transmission & Storage
category that was assigned a default Process MACT Compliance Status Code of 06 (rule only
affects major sources; area may be flagged). The other exception was for the gasoline marketing
sector where a the Process MACT Compliance Status Code of 02 (major source (>10/25 tons per
year), compliance date has occurred) was assigned to the gasoline bulk terminals and pipeline
categories. MACT code 02 was assigned to these two categories because 95 percent of the
emissions for the categories are in the nonpoint NEI after removing point source emissions. The
Process MACT Compliance Status Code was not assigned to some of the categories because it
was uncertain what code should be assigned.
2-67
-------
The EPA added the MACT Flag field to the NEI Output Format (NOF) to track how
MACT codes were assigned in the Emission Process table. The following MACT Flag codes
were assigned in the order shown in the final 2002 nonpoint NEI are:
1. STATE-BASED - Identifies MACT code supplied by the State agency;
2. LOCAL-BASED - Identifies MACT code supplied by the local agency;
3. ESD-BASED - Identifies categories for which the emissions are based on
EPA/ESD estimates; and
4 SCC-DEFAULT - Used when the MACT code was not supplied by the State or
local agency or ESD.
The MACT flags were assigned in sequential order using the data source codes to
identify S/L-supplied data and emissions data based on ESD estimates. The flags for State and
local agency codes were assigned first, the ESD-BASED code was assigned next, and the SCC-
DEFAULT code was assigned last. If the MACT Flag was null after assigning the
STATE-BASED, LOCAL-BASED, and ESD-BASED codes, the SCCs shown in Table 2-21
were used to assign the SCC-DEFAULT code to the MACT Flag field.
For SCC 2310020000 (Industrial Processes : Oil and Gas Production: SIC 13 : Natural
Gas : Total: All Processes), two MACT codes have been assigned (see Table 2-21). If a State or
local agency provided MACT code 0501 (Oil & Natural Gas Production) for this SCC, the
MACT code was not changed; otherwise EPA assigned the default MACT code 0504 to the
SCC. The point SCC 31000299 (Industrial Processes : Oil and Gas Production : Natural Gas
Production : Other Not Classified) in the draft 2002 NEI was changed to the nonpoint SCC
2310020000 in the final 2002 NEI. This category was assigned the process MACT code 0504
(Natural Gas Transmission & Storage) in the draft, and, therefore, this process MACT code was
not changed for the final. If a county had both the point and nonpoint SCCs, the point SCC was
removed to avoid double counting of emissions in the final NEI.
2-68
-------
2.8.9 Point Source Adjustments for Nonpoint Categories Other Than ICI Fossil Fuel
Combustion and Solvent Utilization
Table 2-7 identifies each nonpoint source category that has a point source component. In
addition to performing point source adjustments to the nonpoint emissions for the animal
husbandry, solvent utilization, and ICI fossil fuel combustion categories discussed in sections
2.4.1, 2.8.3, and 2.8.4 of this report, respectively, EPA also performed point source adjustments
to the EPA's PM inventory for cotton ginning.
For cotton ginning, uncontrolled point source PM10-PRI/-FIL and PM25-PRI/-FIL
emissions were back-calculated using the reported point source control efficiency, summed to
the county level, and subtracted from the county-level nonpoint PM10-PRI/-FIL and PM25-
PRI/-FIL emissions. For this category, there are no PM-CON emissions so the primary and
filterable emissions are equal. If the subtraction resulted in a negative or zero number for one or
more of the pollutants, the nonpoint emissions for all of the pollutants (i.e., PM10-PRI/-FIL and
PM25-PRI/-FIL) were set to zero. Note that EPA performed point source adjustments to the
nonpoint emissions originating from EPA's inventory. It was assumed that the agencies
completed point source adjustments to the nonpoint emissions they provided EPA.
Due to time and resource constraints for completing the final 2002 nonpoint NEI, point
source adjustments were not completed for the following categories: POTWs; drum and barrel
cleaning; open burning of landclearing debris; and construction (residential, non-residential, and
road). It should be noted that the point source adjustments are needed to EPA emissions that are
used in the final nonpoint NEI due to the lack of S/L data for the categories. Many of the S/L
agencies did provide emissions for these categories and it was assumed that the agencies
completed point source adjustments to their nonpoint emissions.
2.8.10 Additional QA Review
2-69
-------
The following explains additional QA and data tracking that was performed on the S/L
comments on the draft NEI and the final NEI after incorporating S/L comments and completing
the other revisions and augmentation procedures previously discussed in this report:
PM Emissions Consistency and Completeness;
Control Device Codes and Control Efficiency Values;
Start and End Dates; and
Annual and Daily Emissions Comparison.
PM Emissions Consistency and Completeness Review
The following consistency checks were performed at the Emission table data key level
(for annual emissions) to compare PM emissions:
If an SCC was associated with a PM emission record, but was missing one or
more of the following (as appropriate for the SCC [i.e., PM-CON is associated
with fuel combustion only]): PM10-FIL, PM10-PRI, PM25-FIL, PM25-PRI, or
PM-CON, the record was flagged for review.
The following equations were used to determine consistency:
PMIO-FIL + PM-CON = PM10-PRI
PM25-FIL + PM-CON = PM25-PRI
The following comparisons were made to determine consistency:
PM10-PRI >= PMIO-FIL
PM25-PRI >= PM25-FIL
PM10-PRI >= PM-CON
PM25-PRI >= PM-CON
PMIO-FIL >= PM25-FIL
PM10-PRI >= PM25-PRI
If the data failed one of these checks it was diagnosed as an error. If a S/L agency did
not provide corrections to these errors, the errors were corrected/filled in according to the
augmentation procedures explained in section 2.8.6.
2-70
-------
Control Device Type and Control Efficiency Data Review
The "Primary Device Type Code" and "Secondary Device Type Code" fields in the
control Equipment (CE) table were reviewed to identify invalid codes (i.e., codes that did not
exist in the NIF 3.0 reference table) and missing codes (e.g., records with a null or uncontrolled
code of 000 but with control efficiency data). QA review of control efficiency data involved
diagnosis of two types of errors. First, records were reviewed to identify control efficiency
values that were reported as a decimal rather than as a percent value. Records with control
efficiencies with decimal values were flagged as a potential error (although not necessarily an
error, since the real control efficiency may be less than 1%). The second check identified
records where 100% control was reported in the Control Equipment table, but the emissions in
the Emission table were greater than zero and the rule effectiveness value in the Emission table
was null, zero, or 100% (implying 100% control of emissions). Because many agencies did not
populate the rule effectiveness field or a default value of zero was assigned, records with null or
zero rule effectiveness values were included where the Control Equipment was 100% and
emissions were greater than zero. If these QA checks identified records with errors, EPA
corrected the errors.
Start and End Date Checks
The values in the start date and end date fields in the Emission Period and Emission
tables were reviewed to confirm consistency with the inventory year in the transmittal table, and
to confirm that the end date reported was greater than the start date reported. For dates that
contained a year other than 2002, the year provided by the S/L agency was recorded in the data
source code and the year in the start and end date fields was changed to 2002.
2-71
-------
Annual and Daily Emissions Comparison
The S/L inventories were reviewed to determine if any of the following conditions
existed:
Multiple records coded at the SCC level as emission type 30, but with different
start and end dates. While not a true duplicate, this may indicate an error or
inclusion of both annual and seasonal values.
Multiple records coded at the SCC level as a daily emission type (27, 29, etc.) but
with different start and end dates. While not a true duplicate, this may indicate an
error or just inclusion of additional types of daily emissions.
Multiple records coded at the SCC level with the same start and end date, but
different emission types. While not a true duplicate, this may indicate an error or
just inclusion of additional types of daily emissions.
Any "DAILY" type record that was missing its associated "ANNUAL" record
was removed from the NEI.
Any "DAILY" type record that was greater than its associated "ANNUAL"
record was removed from the NEI.
If these checks identified potential errors, EPA consulted with the S/L agency to determine if and
how the errors should be corrected.
2-72
-------
Comparisons of CAP and HAP Fields
The EPA prepared summaries using the CAPHAP NOF field to identify SCCs for which
only CAPs or only HAPs were included in the final NEI. This summary was prepared for the
Emission table data key minus the pollutant code (i.e., State and county FIPS code, SCC, start
date, end date, and emission type) as a crosstab summing the emissions reported in the emission
ton value field by CAP and HAP. The EPA reviewed the records where the CAP emissions were
more than zero and the HAP emissions were null or zero and vice versa. Categories that had
only HAPs were removed from the review. These categories include, for example, ESD data
carried forward from the 1999 NEI for which only HAP emissions are available, chromium
electroplating (both hard and decorative), chromic acid anodizing, as well as other categories.
The EPA then reviewed summary data to determine if CAPs were reported under one SCC and
HAPs were reported under a different SCC for the same category and eliminated these records
from further review (e.g., residential wood combustion is a good example where this situation
exists in the final NEI). For the remaining records, EPA added CAPs or HAPs if missing in the
NEI but available from an EPA inventory prepared for the 2002 NEI. For some of the solvent
utilization categories, HAP data carried forward from the 1999 NEI or originating from the
preliminary 2002 NEI did not get removed when EPA augmented the NEI to add its new VOC
and HAP inventory because the old data were reported under SCCs not used in EPA's new
inventory. Therefore, the old HAP data for the solvent utilization categories were removed.
Comparison of VOC Emissions to Sum of Emissions for HAPs Classified as Ozone
Precursors
The EPA prepared a crosstab summary to compare VOC emissions and the sum of the
emissions for HAPs classified as ozone precursors. This summary was prepared for the
Emission table data key minus the pollutant code (i.e., State and county FIPS code, SCC, start
date, end date, and emission type. Records where the VOC emissions were significantly less
than the sum of the HAP emissions were reviewed further to determine if any records should be
removed or if HAPs should be revised so that the sum of their emissions are less than or equal to
2-73
-------
the VOC emissions. Note that due to time and resource constraints, EPA did not correct every
case where the sum of the HAPs exceeded the VOC emissions. The EPA focused on correcting
only those cases were the sum of the HAP emissions were significantly higher than the VOC
emissions.
2-74
-------
3.0 INTERPRETATION AND USE OF THE 2002 NONPOINT SOURCE
INVENTORY
3.1 What Are the Limitations to the Source Categories Included Here?
3.1.1 General
Nonpoint source inventories contain emission estimates for the smaller and more diffuse
sources within a geographic area of study. Any nonpoint source inventory can have limitations,
usually due to a lack of emission activity data and emission factors for some CAPs and HAPs
and source categories. Planning for this inventory began with compiling a list of potential
nonpoint source categories. The primary resource for this list was Version 3 of the 1999
nonpoint source NEI. As the information-gathering phase progressed, it was determined that
emissions could not be estimated for some of the categories because of budget limitations.
3.1.2 Non-2002 Data
For source categories where 2002 base year emissions could not be estimated, data for
other base years were used if S/L data were not submitted to EPA. In many cases, the 1999 NEI
data were carried forward in the 2002 NEI (see Tables 2-8 and 2-9). For some of these carry-
forward source categories, ESD provided emissions data for a year other than 1999 and noted
that the data are the best available to represent 1999. For MACT source categories, the 1996
nonpoint source NEI was also used to fill these gaps (EPA, 2001). For other source categories,
activity data or emission estimates from a different year were used that should approximate
1999. For these non-MACT source categories, a variety of resources was used to best estimate
emissions. Table 3-1 provides a list of the 2002 NEI carry-forward source categories with data
from a base year other than 1999.
3-1
-------
Table 3-1. 2002 NEI Nonpoint Carry Forward Source Categories That Do Not Have a 1999 Base Year
Source Category Group
Year
Asphalt Concrete Manufacturing1
1996
Asphalt Roofing and Processing
1996
Flexible Polyurethane Foam Fabrication Operations
1993
Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production
1993
Industrial Boilers: Waste Oil1
1996
Institutional/Commercial Heating: POTW Digester Gas
1996
Natural Gas Transmission and Storage
1998
Oil and Natural Gas Production
1993
Paint Stripping Operations
1998
Refractory Products Manufacturing
1996
Steel Pickling HC1 Process
1991
1 Non-MACT Source Category Groups.
3.1.3 Categories Not Included
During preparation of the preliminary NEI, EPA did not run an evaluation to determine if
there were any categories with CAPs in the 1999 NEI that were not carried forward and included
in the preliminary 2002 NEI. Subsequently, residential kerosene and LPG combustion were
identified as categories in the 1999 CAP NEI that were not included in the preliminary NEI. For
the draft 2002 NEI, EPA prepared 2002 inventories for these categories. Time and resource
constraints have limited further evaluations to determine if there were any additional categories
in the 1999 NEI that are not included in the preliminary or draft 2002 NEI.
As discussed in Section 2.4.8, EPA prepared an inventory for wildfires, prescribed
burning for forest management, and prescribed burning of rangeland in point source format.
Therefore, the nonpoint inventories for these categories that EPA included in the preliminary and
draft 2002 NEI were removed from the final nonpoint NEI.
3-2
-------
3.1.4 Coverage gaps
For some source categories, there may be gaps in the coverage of pollutants, or the
available activity data may only partially represent the category.
A notable example is the source category for open burning of scrap tires. The activity
estimate for this category was very difficult to obtain and most likely underestimates activity for
a given State or county. For this inventory, a literature search via the internet and Lexis-Nexis®
provided major incidences of open burning of scrap tires, which were used to estimate activity
data for specific counties.
3.1.5 Category Double Counting
Section 2.8.9 of this report identifies the categories for which EPA prepared a 2002
inventory and completed point source adjustments to the nonpoint emissions using the emissions
in the final point source NEI. This section also identifies the categories for which EPA prepared
a 2002 inventory and did not complete point source adjustments due to time and resource
constraints for completing the final 2002 nonpoint NEI.
For the carry-forward categories, double counting of emissions may occur when, for
example, a S/L agency's inventory is included in the 1999 point NEI, but the S/L agency did not
provide an inventory for the 1999 nonpoint NEI. In this example, the 1999 nonpoint NEI would
have been grown from a prior year inventory (e.g., 1996) which may account for emissions that
the agency included in its 1999 point source inventory.
Table 2-7 presents the list of source categories for which EPA prepared 2002 emission
estimates. To identify source categories for which 2002 estimates were not developed, but
estimates were included in the 1999 NEI, EPA compared the list of 1999 NEI HAP source
categories with the categories in Table 2-7. Emissions for the 1999 NEI HAP source categories
that are listed in Table 2-7 were not carried forward to the 2002 NEI. In several cases, the 1999
3-3
-------
HAP NEI reported emissions for the categories in Table 2-7, but these emissions were reported
in similar but different SCCs. To eliminate the possibility of double-counting in the 2002 NEI
for these categories, EPA did not carry forward their 1999 NEI emissions. For example, the
1999 NEI includes emission estimates for the Residential Natural Gas combustion source
category in both SCC 2014006000 (Residential Natural Gas, Total: All Combustor Types) and
in SCC 2104006010 (Residential Furnaces). The SCC 2014006010 emissions were not carried
forward to the 2002 NEI because EPA estimated and reported 2002 emissions for the Residential
Natural Gas combustion source category under SCC 2014006000.
3.2 What Are the Limitations of the Emissions Data?
3.2.1 Methods
Nonpoint source methods and emission factors necessarily simplify processes and
emissions. When national-level emissions are calculated, the methods and factors cannot take
into account local variations or use locally available activity data. Emissions estimated using
national-level methods calculate average emissions, not true local emissions. Emission factors
may not reflect materials used or controls in place within a particular locality.
3.2.2 Facility Double Counting
Double counting can also occur when facility-specific data (from the 2002 point source
NEI) overlaps with nonpoint source categories that have emissions estimated using top-down
methods. A potential example of this type of double-counting is the POTW nonpoint source
category (SCC 2630020000) overlapping with POTW-related point SCCs (50100701 through
50100781 and 50100791 through 50182599).
3-4
-------
3.2.3 Spatial Allocation
National- and State-level emissions in the nonpoint source NEI were allocated to the
county level using allocation factors. An allocation factor was identified for each source
category, with typical allocation factors being county-level population or employment within a
certain industry. Category emissions attributed to a specific county were assigned only where
the county information was available. Detailed discussions of the spatial allocation procedures
are in Appendix A. Appendix B provides spatial allocation data used for many nonpoint source
categories.
3.2.4 Emission Reductions Due to State/Local Regulations
A national-level inventory consists of emissions typically calculated for the entire United
States, using national activity factors, national average emission factors, and considering only
national regulations. It generally does not take into account emission reductions due to State and
Local regulations. The methods in Appendix A indicate if State or Local regulations were
incorporated into the estimate of 2002 emissions for a source category.
3.3 How Does This Inventory Comply with the Information Quality Guidelines?
3.3.1 Purpose
The NEI is a comprehensive inventory covering all CAPs and HAPs for all areas of the
United States. The 2002 base year NEI will be used to support emission trends analyses, air
quality modeling, and other activities. To this end, the EPA established a goal to compile a
comprehensive, 2002 base year nonpoint source inventory, in addition to facility-specific point
source data, and mobile source data.
3-5
-------
3.3.2 Product Content - Inputs, Methodologies, and Outputs
The scope of the inventory effort was to compile 2002 base year CAP and HAP
emissions data for nonpoint sources in the United States and its territories. If 2002 activity data
were not available for a source category, emissions from final Version 3 of the 1999 NEI were
incorporated into the 2002 inventory. The 2002 NEI is compiled in the NIF 3.0 database
structure.
For the categories for which 2002 emissions were calculated, the county-level activity
and emissions data were compiled into a common flat file format using NIF 3.0 fields. The data
were then converted to NIF 3.0. The categories for which emissions were carried forward from
final Version 3 of the 1999 CAP NEI were in NIF 2.0 in an Oracle database. The 1999 CAP
NEI was converted to NIF 3.0 in an Access database. The categories for which emissions were
carried forward from final Version 3 of the 1999 HAP NEI were in NIF 3.0. The 1999 CAP and
HAP inventory data and the 2002 inventory data were combined into a single NIF 3.0 data set.
The EPA's QA software was run on the NIF 3.0 data files to identify data format and data
quality issues. The issues were then resolved. The data and summary files and documentation
for the final 2002 nonpoint source inventory are available on the CHIEF website
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html.
3.3.3 Product Limitations and Caveats
The March 2005 version of the draft 2002 nonpoint source NEI is a composite of
emission estimates developed by EPA. Because the estimates originated from a variety of
sources and estimation methods, as well as differing purposes, they will in turn vary in quality,
including pollutant coverage, level of detail, and geographic coverage. However, this
compilation of emissions estimates represents the best available information to date.
For some source categories, emissions estimates were not available for 2002. In these
cases, data were carried froward from the 1999 NEI. Within the 1999 NEI, data for other base
3-6
-------
years were used as well. When data are reported for a year other than 2002, it is noted in the
data source code field of the Emission table of the NEI.
Users of the data should consider that pollutants emitted from a particular source may
have little impact on the immediate geographic area, and the amount of pollutants emitted does
not indicate whether the source is complying with applicable regulations.
3.3.4 Contact Information
NEI nonpoint sector questions should be forwarded to:
Mr. Roy Huntley
huntlev. rov(a),epa. gov
919-541-1060
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emissions Inventory and Analysis Group (C339-02)
Air Quality Assessment Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
3-7
-------
4.0 REFERENCES
Driver, 2005: Driver, Laurel, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Memorandum to
State/Local Agencies that Submitted 2002 Gasoline Distribution Emissions, "Request for
Review/Comment on EPA Plans for FINAL 2002 NEI," transmitted February 18, 2005.
EPA, 2005a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. "Documentation for the Draft 2002
Nonpoint Source National Emissions Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants
(March 2005 Version), Emissions Inventory Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC. March 2005.
EPA, 2005b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. "Solvent Mass Balance" Approach
for Estimating VOC Emissions from Eleven Nonpoint Solvent Source Categories,
Emissions Inventory Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research
Triangle Park, NC. March 2005. Available at the following EPA website:
http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html#nonpoint
EPA, 2004a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Documentation for the 2002
Nonpoint Source National Emission Inventory For Criteria and Hazardous Air
Pollutants (January 2004 Version), Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC. March 2004.
EPA, 2004b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Documentation for the Final 1999
National Emissions Inventory (Version 3.0) For Criteria Air Pollutants And Ammonia,
Area Sources, Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC. January 31, 2004. Available at:
(http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/1999inventory.html.
4-1
-------
EPA, 2004c. Basic Format & Content Checker 3.0 (Formerly known as the Quality Assurance /
Quality Control Software 3.0) - March 2004; Extended Quality Control Tool - Updated
May 18, 2004. Available at the following EPA website:
http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/nif/index.html#nei
EPA, 2003. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Documentation for the Final 1999
Nonpoint Area Source National Emissions Inventory For Hazardous Air Pollutants
(Version 3), Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC. August 26, 2003. Available at:
(http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/1999inventory.html.
EPA, 2001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Documentation for the 1996 Base
Year National Toxics Inventory for Area Sources. Emission Factor and Inventory Group,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
EPA, 2006. Western Governors'Association. 2006. Background Document for Revisions to
Fine Fraction Ratios Usedfor AP-42 Fugitive Dust Emission Factors. Western Regional
Air Partnership (WRAP), 1515 Cleveland Plance, Suite 200, Denver, Colorado 80202 .
4-2
-------
Appendix A
Criteria and HAP Emissions
Estimation Methodology
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AGRICULTURAL TILLING A-4
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I A-8
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE II A-15
COMMERCIAL COOKING A-16
CONSTRUCTION - NON-RESIDENTIAL A-23
CONSTRUCTION - RESIDENTIAL A-25
CONSTRUCTION - ROAD A-29
COTTON GINNING A-32
DRUM AND BARREL RECLAMATION A-35
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: ANTHRACITE AND
BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL A-38
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: DISTILLATE OIL A-44
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: KEROSENE A-47
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS . . A-50
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: NATURAL GAS A-53
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: RESIDUAL OIL A-56
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS
COAL A-59
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: DISTILLATE OIL A-66
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: KEROSENE A-69
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: NATURAL GAS A-72
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: RESIDUAL OIL A-75
FUGITIVE DUST FROM PAVED ROADS A-78
FUGITIVE DUST FROM UNPAVED ROADS A-82
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I A-87
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE II A-103
GENERAL LABORATORY ACTIVITIES A-104
LAMP BREAKAGE A-105
LAMP (FLUORESCENT) RECYCLING A-107
OPEN BURNING - LAND CLEARING DEBRIS A-108
OPEN BURNING - RESIDENTIAL HOUSEHOLD WASTE A-110
OPEN BURNING - SCRAP TIRES A-113
OPEN BURNING - YARD WASTE - LEAF AND BRUSH SPECIES A-116
PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW) A-119
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL A-123
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: DISTILLATE OIL A-130
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: KEROSENE A-133
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS A-136
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: NATURAL GAS A-138
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) A-140
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - ARCHITECTURAL COATING A-15 6
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - AUTOMOBILE REFINISHING A-
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - CONSUMER & COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS A-
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - DRY CLEANING A-
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - GRAPHIC ARTS A-
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - INDUSTRIAL ADHESIVES & SEALANTS A-
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - INDUSTRIAL COATINGS A-
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - PROCESS SOLVENTS A-
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - PESTICIDE APPLICATION A
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - SURFACE CLEANING; DEGREASING A-
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - TRAFFIC PAINTS A-
A-2
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AGRICULTURAL TILLING
SCC: 2801000003
2002 Methodology
Primary PM10 emissions estimates for agricultural tilling for calendar year 2002 are grown from 1998 PM10
emissions. Emissions for this source category are all filterable; there are no condensible emissions. The 1998 PM10
particulate matter emissions are calculated using a database containing county-level data on the number acres
planted by type of tilling and crop type that was purchased by EPA from the Conservation Technology Information
Center at Purdue University.1 PM10 emissions from agricultural tilling are a function of the acres planted, the PM
emission factors, the silt content of the surface soil, and the number of passes or tillings in a year.2
Emission estimates for 2002 are grown from national-level data on the number of acres tilled by tilling type. Puerto
Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are assumed not to have emissions from agriculture tilling. The 2002 National
Crop Residue Management Survey2 presents the total number of acres planted in the United States for 1998 and 2002
by type of tilling. The five types of tilling used in growing emissions are: No Tilling, Mulch Tilling, Ridge Tilling,
Reduced-Tilling (15 to 30 percent residue tilling), and Intensive Tilling (zero to 15 percent residue tilling). The
growth factor for 2002 emissions is determined by dividing the number of acres tilled by tillage type in 2002 by the
number of acres tilled in 1998. Table 1 presents the acres tilled by type for 1998 and 2002 and the calculated growth
factor.
Table 1. Acres Planted and Growth Factor for 2002
Actual National Number
of Acres Planted
(Million Acres)
2002 Growth
Tillage System
1998
2002
Factor
No-Till/Strip Till
47.8
55.3
1.1569
Ridge-Till
3.5
2.8
0.8000
Mulch-Till
57.9
45
0.7772
Conservation
109.2
103.1
N/Aa
Reduced-Till (15-30% cover)
78.1
64.1
0.8207
Intensive-Till (<15% cover)
106.1
114.1
1.0754
Total
293.4b
281.4b
a Conservation is not utilized to calculate emissions.
b Totals do not include acreage for conservation tillage system.
For each type of tillage and crop type, the county-level 1998 PM10 emissions were multiplied by the 2002 growth
factors from Table 1 to obtain PM10 emissions by tillage type for 2002. These emissions were summed to get total
county-level PM10 emissions. Once PM10 estimates were developed, PM2 5 emissions were estimated by applying a
particle size multiplier of 0.20 to PM10 emissions.3 Table 2 presents a summary of the 2002 national emissions for
agricultural tilling.
A-4
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AGRICULTURAL TILLING (continued)
SCC: 2801000003
Table 2. National Criteria Pollutant Emissions Summary
Pollutant
2002
2002
Description and
1998
National Activity
National
NIF 3.0
National
2002
for Tilling
Emissions
Pollutant Code
Emissions (tons)
Growth Factor
(acres tilled)
(tons)
PM10-PRP
4,366,404
See Table 1
281.4
4,202,411
PM25-PRI
873,281
Not Applicable
281.4
840,482
a Emissions are all filterable; there are no condensible emission.
1998 Methodology
The basis of agricultural tilling emission estimates was the number of acres of crops tilled in each county by crop
type and tillage type. This data was obtained from the National Crop Residue Management Survey, developed by
the Conservation Technology Information Center (CTIC).4 The survey is released in November of even numbered
years. Data summarizations are available on the CTIC web site at: http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/CTIC/CTIC.html
The five types of tilling for which emissions estimates are calculated are as follows:
Conservation Till Conventional Till
No till/strip till 0 to 15 percent residue till (Intensive Till)
Mulch till 15 to 30 percent residue till (Reduced till)
Ridge till
Note that for the 1998 activity data for Highly Erodable Land (HEL) is a total of the amount of land in a county that
is HEL or Treated HEL for all crop types. That is, this data overlaps the other crop-type-specific data. The HEL and
Treated HEL data is not included for the calculation of emissions estimates.
Emission Factors
The emission factors for agricultural tilling (in lbs per acre) are calculated using the following equation:5'6
EF = 4.8 • k ¦ s0A ¦ p
where:
k = dimensionless particle size multiplier (PM10 = 0.21; PM2 5 = 0.042),
5 = silt content of surface soil (%),
p = number of passes or tillings in a year.
The silt content of surface soil is defined as the percentage of particles (mass basis) of diameter smaller than 25
micrometers (|am) found in the soil to a depth of 10 centimeters (cm). Silt contents were assigned by comparing the
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) surface soil survey map to a USDA county map and assigning a soil type to
each county. Table 3 shows silt content assumed for each soil type.
A-5
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AGRICULTURAL TILLING (continued)
SCC: 2801000003
Table 3. Silt content for soil types in USDA surface soil map.
Soil Type Silt Content (%)
Silt Loam 52
Sandy Loam 33
Sand 12
Loamy Sand 12
Clay 29
Clay Loam 29
Organic Material 10-82
Loam 40
Table 4 shows the number of passes or tillings in a year for each crop for conservation use and conventional use.7
No till, mulch till, and ridge till tillage systems are classified as conservation use, while 0 to 15 percent residue and
15 to 30 percent residue tillage systems are classified as conventional use.
Table 4. Number of Passes or Tillings Per Year.
Crop
Conservation Use
Conventional Use
Corn
2
6
Spring Wheat
1
4
Rice
5
5
Fall-Seeded Small Grain
3
5
Soybeans
1
6
Cotton
5
8
Sorghum
1
6
Forage
3
3
Permanent Pasture
1
1
Other Crops
3
3
Fallow
1
1
1998 Emissions
The following equation5'6 was used to determine the emissions from agricultural tilling for 1998. The county-level
activity data is the acres of land tilled. The equation is adjusted to estimate PM10-FIL and PM25-FIL using the
following parameters: the silt content of the surface soil, a particle size multiplier, and the number of tillings per
year.
E = c x k x 506 x p x a
A-6
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AGRICULTURAL TILLING (continued)
SCC: 2801000003
where:
E
PM10-FIL orPM25-FIL emissions
constant 4.8 lbs/acre-pass
dimensionless particle size multiplier
c
k
P
a
s
(PM10=0.21; PM2 5=0.042)
percent silt content of surface soil, defined as
75 |im diameter found in soil to a depth of 10
number of passes or tillings in a year
acres of land tilled (activity data)
the mass fraction of particles smaller than
cm
The EPA's Temporal Allocation Factor File (TAFF) was used to calculate seasonal activity. Daily emissions for
agricultural tilling are calculated for the summer season (i.e., June through August), a time span of 92 days. For
SCC 2801000003, the TAFF assumes that 25% of the emissions occur during the summer season. Thus, the county-
level annual emissions were multiplied by the ratio of 0.25/92 to calculate daily emissions.
1. National Crop Residue Management Survey, Conservation Technology Information Center, 1998
http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/CTIC/CTIC.html
2. National Crop Residue Management Survey, Conservation Technology Information Center, 2002
http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/CTIC/CTIC.html
3. Agricultural Activities Influencing Fine Particulate Matter Emissions, Woodard, Kenneth R., Midwest
Research Institute, March 1996.
4. National Crop Residue Management Survey, Conservation Technology Information Center, 2000
http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/CTIC/CTIC.html
5. The Role of Agricultural Practices in Fugitive Dust Emissions, T.A. Cuscino, Jr., et al., California Air
Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, June 1981.
6. Memorandum from Chatten Cowherd of Midwest Research Institute, to Bill Kuykendal of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group, and W.R. Barnard of E.H. Pechan
& Associates, Inc., September 1996.
7. Agricultural Activities Influencing Fine Particulate Matter Emissions, Woodard, Kenneth R., Midwest
Research Institute, March 1996.
References
A-7
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I
SCC: 2501080050
Aviation gasoline (also called "AvGas") is the only aviation fuel that contains tetraethyl lead (TEL) as a knock-out
component for small reciprocating, piston-engine crafts in civil aviation.1 Commercial and military aviation rarely
use this fuel. AvGas is shipped to airports and is filled into bulk terminals, and then into tanker trucks. These
processes fall under the definition of stage I, displacement vapors during the transfer of gasoline from tank trucks to
storage tanks, and vice versa. These processes are subject to EPA's maximum available control technology (MACT)
standards for gasoline distribution.2
The amount of AvGas consumed was obtained from the Petroleum Supply Annual3 for designated Petroleum
Administration Districts, or PADs. A nationwide total of 6,682,000 barrels of AvGas were consumed in 20023
(Table 1). This information was used to calculate national-level emissions estimates for one criteria pollutant and
ten hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Assumptions for bulk plant processes are summarized in Table 2. Emission
factors were provided by ESD and EIAG publications1'4,5'6 (Tables 3 and 4). The national-level emissions estimates
were first allocated based on consumption reported for each PAD, and then allocated to the counties within the
PADs based on 2002 Landing-Take Off (LTO) data for General aviation flights.7 Appendix B contains this data in
database format. General aviation flights were used in this allocation because they are the primary consumers of
AvGas.
There are five PADs across the United States8:
PAD 1 comprises seventeen States plus the District of Columbia along the Atlantic Coast;
PAD 2 comprises fifteen States in the Midwest;
PAD 3 comprises six States in South Central U.S.;
PAD 4 comprises five States in the Rocky Mountains; and
PAD 5 comprises seven States along the West Coast.
Table 1 - Summary of AvGas Consumed and LTOs by PAD in 2002
PAD
AvGas Consumed
(barrels)
LTOs
1
1,019,000
204,000
2
2,391,000
186,368
3
1,757,000
138,401
4
399,000
20,625
5
1,116,000
184,271
6,682,000
733,665
National-Level Calculations
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (barrels) = 6,682,000
Conversion: 1 barrel = 42 gallons
1 gallon = 3.78 liters
lkg = 2.205 lb
1 kg = 1,000,000 mg
1 ton = 2000 lb
A-8
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCC: 2501080050
Step 1 - Convert AvGas consumption into gallons and liters using conversion factors.
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (gallons) = 6,682,000 barrels * 42 gallons/barrel
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (gallons) = 280,644,000
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (liters) = 280,644,000 gallons * 3.78 liters/gal
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (liters) = 1,060,834,320
Step 2 - Use the liters of AvGas consumed and apply the non-fugitive VOC emission factors in Table 3 to calculate
non-fugitive VOC estimates. VOC emission factors for the four non-fugitive processes are listed in Table 3.
Unloading/Tank Filling: tank fill VOC emissions = 1081 mg/L * 1,060,834,320 L * 1.1025E-9 ton/mg
Unloading/Tank Filling: tank fill VOC emissions = 1,264.30 tpy
Unloading/Tank Filling: Storage tank VOC emissions = (432 mg/L) * 1,060,834,320 L * 1.1025E-9 ton/mg
Unloading/Tank Filling: Storage tank VOC emissions = 505.25 tpy
Tank Truck Filling - Composite VOC Emissions = (1235 mg/L) * 1,060,834,320 L * 1.1025E-9 ton/mg
Tank Truck Filling - Composite VOC Emissions = 1,444.42 tpy
Storage Tank - Breathing losses VOC Emissions = (203 mg/L) * 1,060,834,320 L * 1.1025E-9 ton/mg
Storage Tank - Breathing losses VOC Emissions = 237.42 tpy
Total non-fugitive VOC emissions = 1,264.30 tpy + 505.25 tpy + 1,444.42 tpy + 237.42 tpy = 3,451.39 tpy
Step 3 - Use the assumptions in Table 2 and the fugitive VOC emission factors in Table 3 to generate fugitive VOC
emissions.
AvGas - Fugitive from valves VOC Emissions = (# Bulk Plant Equivalents)*(#valves/plant)*EF*days
AvGas - Fugitive from valves VOC Emissions = (2442 plants) * (50 valves/plant) * (0.26 kg/valve/day)* 300
days * 1.1025E-3 ton/kg
AvGas - Fugitive from valves VOC Emissions = 10,499.99 tpy
AvGas - Fugitive from pumps VOC Emissions = (# Bulk Plant Equivalents)*(#pumps/plant)* (#seals/pump) * EF *
days
AvGas - Fugitive from pumps VOC Emissions = (2442 plants) * (2 pumps/plant) * (4 seals/pump) *
(2.7 kg/seal/day)* 300 days * 1.1025E-3 ton/kg
AvGas - Fugitive from pumps VOC Emissions = 17,446.14 tpy
Total fugitive VOC emissions = 10,499.99 tpy + 17,446.14 tpy
Total fugitive VOC emissions = 27,946.04 tpy
Step 4 - Sum the fugitive and non-fugitive VOC emissions together for total VOC emissions.
Total VOC emissions = 3,451.39 tpy + 27,946.04 tpy = 31,397.43 tpy
Step 5 - Apply the speciation emission factors in Table 4 for tetraethyl lead, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, benzene,
cumene, ethylbenzene, hexane, naphthalene, toluene, and xylene to calculate HAP emissions.
Tetraethyl Lead emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 0.000978 % = 0.31 tpy
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 0.8 % = 251.18 tpy
Benzene emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 0.9 % = 282.58 tpy
A-9
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCC: 2501080050
Cumene emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 0.01 % = 3.14 tpy
Ethylbenzene emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 0.10 % = 31.40 tpy
Hexane emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 1.60 % = 502.36 tpy
Naphthalene emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 0.05 % = 15.70 tpy
Toluene emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 1.30 % = 408.17 tpy
Xylene emissions = 31,397.43 tpy VOC * 0.5 % = 156.99 tpy
Step 6 - Use the ethylene dichloride emission factor in Table 4 to calculate ethylene dichloride emissions.
Ethylene dichloride emissions = 280,644,000 gal * 2.167E-6 LB/gal * ton/2000 LB = 0.30 tpy
Data Tables
Table 2 - Assumptions Used For Bulk Terminals Using AvGas
Parameter
Data
Reference
Number of Bulk Plant Equivalents (U.S.)
2,442 plants
Number of valves per bulk plant
50 valves/plant
Number of pumps per bulk plant
2 pumps/plant
1
Number of seals per bulk plant
4 seals/pump
Number of days per year used
300 days
Table 3 - VOC Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions
Pollutant
Description and NIF
3.0 Pollutant Code
Emission Source
Emission
Factor
Emission
Factor Units
Emissions
(tpy)
Factor
Reference
VOC
Aviation Gas
Unloading/ Tank Filling
- tank fill
1081
Aviation Gas
Unloading/ Tank Filling
- Storage tank working
432
mg/L AvGas
Aviation Gas Tank
Truck Filling -
Composite
1235
31,397.43
1
Aviation Gas Storage
Tank - Breathing losses
203
Aviation Gas - Fugitive
from valves
0.26
kg/valve/day
Aviation Gas - Fugitive
from pumps
2.7
kg/seal/day
A-10
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCC: 2501080050
Table 4 - HAP Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions
Pollutant
Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Emission
Source
Emission
Factor
Emission
Factor Units
Emission
s (tpy)
Factor
Reference
Ethylene
Dichloride
107062
All
processes
2.167 E-6
lb/gal AvGas
0.30
4
Tetraethyl Lead
(TEL)
78002
All
processes
9.78 E-6
kg/kg VOC
0.31
1
2,2,4-
Trimethylpentane
540841
All
processes
0.80
251.18
5
Benzene
71432
All
processes
0.90
282.58
Cumene
98828
All
processes
0.01
3.14
6
Ethylbenzene
100414
All
processes
0.10
31.40
Hexane
110543
All
processes
1.60
lb/100 lb VOC
502.36
Naphthalene
110543
All
processes
0.05
15.70
5
Toluene
108883
All
processes
1.30
408.17
Xylene (Mixture of
o, m, and p
isomers)
1330207
All
processes
0.50
156.99
Example Calculations for Wake County. NC
Wake County VOC emissions = (National VOC emissions) * (PAD 1 consumption/Total consumption) * (Wake
County LTOs/PAD 1 LTOs)
Wake County VOC emissions = (31,397.43 tpy) * (1,019,000 bbl/6,682,000 bbl) * (4,387 LTOs/204,000 LTOs)
Wake County VOC emissions = 102.97 tpy
Wake County Benzene Emissions = (Wake County VOC emissions)*(Benzene Emission Factor)
Wake County Benzene Emissions = (102.97 tpy VOC) * (0.90 lb benzene/100 lb VOC)* (2000 lb VOC/2000 lb
benzene)
Wake County Benzene Emissions = 0.93 tpy
A-ll
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCC: 2501080050
References
1. TRC Environmental Corporation. Estimation of Alkylated Lead Emissions, Final Report. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park,
NC 1993.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Emission Standards for Source Categories: Gasoline
Distribution (Stage I). 40CFRPart63. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle
Park, NC. February 28, 1997. Pages 9087-9093.
3. Energy Information Administration. U.S. Department of Energy. Petroleum Annual Supply, 2002. Tables 2,
4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Department Of Energy. Washington, D.C. August 2003. (Internet address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/psa_volumel/psa_vol
umel.html).
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Ethylene
Dichloride. EPA-450/4-84-007d. Research Triangle Park, NC. March 1984.
5. Memorandum from Greg LaFlam and Tracy Johnson (PES) to Stephen Shedd (EPA/OAQPS). Speciated
Hazardous Air Pollutants - Baseline Emissions and Emissions Reductions Under the Gasoline Distribution
NESHAP. August 9, 1996.
6. Personal Communication via e-mail from Stephen Shedd (EPA/OAQPS) to Laurel Driver (EPA/OAQPS).
E-mail dated May 29, 2002.
7. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Air Traffic Activity Data System (ATADS) for General Aviation,
Year 2002. FAA. 2003.
8. Energy Information Administration. U.S. Department of Energy. Petroleum Annual Supply, 2002.
Appendix A. Department Of Energy. Washington, D.C. August 2003. (Internet address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/psa_volumel/psa_vol
umel.html)
A-12
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE II
SCC: 2501080100
AvGas is the only aviation fuel that contains TEL as a knock-out component for small reciprocating, piston-engine
crafts in civil aviation.1 Commercial and military aviation rarely use this fuel. AvGas is shipped to airports and is
filled into bulk terminals, and then into tanker trucks. These transfer processes fall under the definition of stage I,
and are subject to MACT standards for gasoline distribution.2 Stage II, discussed here, involves the transfer of fuel
from the tanker trucks into general aviation aircraft.
The amount of AvGas consumed was retrieved from the Petroleum Supply Annual for designated PADs. A
nationwide total of 6,682,000 barrels of AvGas were consumed in 20 023 (Table 1). This information was used to
calculate national-level emissions estimates for one criteria pollutant and ten HAPs. Emission factors were obtained
from ESD and the EIAG publications1,4'5,6 (Table 2). The national-level emissions estimates were first allocated
based on consumption reported for each PAD, and then allocated to the counties within the PADs based on 2002
LTO data for General aviation flights.7 Appendix B contains this data in database format. General aviation flights
were used in this allocation because they are the primary consumers of AvGas.
There are five PADs across the United States8:
PAD 1 comprises seventeen States plus the District of Columbia along the Atlantic Coast;
PAD 2 comprises fifteen States in the Midwest;
PAD 3 comprises six States in South Central U.S.;
PAD 4 comprises five States in the Rocky Mountains; and
PAD 5 comprises seven States along the West Coast.
Table 1 - Summary of AvGas Consumed and LTOs by PAD in 2002
PAD
AvGas Consumed
(barrels)
LTOs
1
1,019,000
204,000
2
2,391,000
186,368
3
1,757,000
138,401
4
399,000
20,625
5
1,116,000
184,271
6,682,000
733,665
National-Level Calculations
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (barrels) = 6,682,000
Conversion: 1 barrel = 42 gallons
1 gallon = 3.78 liters
lkg = 2.205 lb
1 kg = 1,000,000 mg
1 ton = 2000 lb
A-13
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE II (continued)
SCC: 2501080100
Step 1 - Convert AVGas consumption into gallons and liters using conversion factors.
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (gallons) = 6,682,000 barrels * 42 gallons/barrel
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (gallons) = 280,644,000
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (liters) = 280,644,000 gallons * 3.78 liters/gal
Amount of AvGas consumed in 2002 (liters) = 1,060,834,320
Step 2 - Use the gallons of AvGas consumed and apply the refueling VOC emission factors to first calculate
refueling VOC estimates.
AvGas Refueling VOC emissions = (1.36 E-2 LB/gal AvGas) * 280,644,000 gallons * 1 ton/2000 LB
AvGas Refueling VOC emissions = 1,908.38 tpy
Step 3 - Apply the HAP speciation emission factors in Table 2 for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, benzene, cumene,
ethylbenzene, hexane, naphthalene, toluene, and xylene to calculate HAP emissions. The VOC estimate is
then speciated to yield the HAP estimate.
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane emissions = 1,908.38 tpy VOC * 0.8 % = 15.27 tpy
Benzene emissions = 1,908.38 tpy VOC * 0.9 % = 17.18 tpy
Cumene emissions = 1,908.38 tpy VOC * 0.01 % = 0.19 tpy
Ethylbenzene emissions = 1,908.38 tpy VOC * 0.10 % = 1.91 tpy
Hexane emissions = 1,908.38 tpy VOC * 1.60 % = 30.53 tpy
Naphthalene emissions = 1,908.38 tpy VOC * 0.05 % = 0.95 tpy
Toluene emissions = 1,908.38 tpy VOC * 1.30 % = 24.81 tpy
Xylene emissions = 1,908.38 tpy VOC * 0.5 % = 9.54 tpy
Step 4 - Use the ethylene dichloride and tetraethyl lead emission factors in Table 2 to calculate ethylene dichloride
and tetraethyl lead emissions.
Ethylene dichloride emissions = 280,644,000 gal * 1.883 E-6 LB/gal * ton/2000 LB = 0.26 tpy
Tetraethyl Lead emissions = 1,060,834,320 L * 1.59 E-2 mg/L * 1.1025E-9 ton/mg = 0.019 tpy
Table 2 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Emissions
Factor
Pollutant Description
Pollutant Code
Factor
Factor Units
(tpy)
Reference
VOC
VOC
1.36 E-2
lb/gal AvGas
1,908.38
1
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
540841
0.80
15.27
5
Benzene
71432
0.90
17.18
Cumene
98828
0.01
0.19
6
Ethylbenzene
100414
0.10
lb/100 lb VOC
1.91
Hexane
110543
1.60
30.53
Naphthalene
91203
0.05
0.95
5
Toluene
108883
1.30
24.81
Xylene
1330207
0.50
9.54
Ethylene Dichloride
107062
1.883 E-6
lb/gal AvGas
0.26
4
Tetraethyl Lead (TEL)
78002
1.59 E-2
mg/L AvGas
0.019
1
A-14
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
AVIATION GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE II (continued)
SCC: 2501080100
Example Calculations for Wake County. NC
Wake County VOC emissions = (National VOC emissions) * (PAD 1 consumption/Total consumption) * (Wake
County LTOs/PAD 1 LTOs)
Wake County VOC emissions = (1,908.38 tpy) * (1,019,000 bbl/6,682,000 bbl) * (4,387 LTOs/204,000 LTOs)
Wake County VOC emissions = 6.26 tpy
Wake County Benzene Emissions = (Wake County VOC emissions)*(Benzene Emission Factor)
Wake County Benzene Emissions = (6.26 tpy VOC) * (0.90 lb benzene/100 lb VOC)* (2000 lb VOC/2000 lb
benzene)
Wake County Benzene Emissions = 0.056 tpy
References
1. TRC Environmental Corporation. Estimation of Alkylated Lead Emissions, Final Report. Prepared for U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park,
NC 1993.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Emission Standards for Source Categories: Gasoline
Distribution (Stage I). 40CFRPart63. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle
Park, NC. February 28, 1997. Pages 9087-9093.
3. Energy Information Administration. U.S. Department of Energy. Petroleum Annual Supply, 2002. Tables 2,
4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Department Of Energy. Washington, D.C. August 2003. (Internet address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/psa_volumel/psa_vol
umel.html)
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Ethylene
Dichloride. EPA-450/4-84-007d. Research Triangle Park, NC. March 1984.
5. Memorandum from Greg LaFlam and Tracy Johnson (PES) to Stephen Shedd (EPA/OAQPS). Speciated
Hazardous Air Pollutants - Baseline Emissions and Emissions Reductions Under the Gasoline Distribution
NESHAP. August 9, 1996.
6. Personal Communication via e-mail from Stephen Shedd (EPA/OAQPS) to Laurel Driver (EPA/OAQPS).
E-mail dated May 29, 2002.
7. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Air Traffic Activity Data System (ATADS) for General Aviation,
Year 2002. FAA. 2003.
8. Energy Information Administration. U.S. Department of Energy. Petroleum Annual Supply, 2002.
Appendix A. Department Of Energy. Washington, D.C. August 2003. (Internet address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/psa_volumel/psa_vol
umel.html)
A-15
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COMMERCIAL COOKING
SCCs: 2302002100,2302002200, 2302003000, 2302003100, & 2302003200
Commercial cooking emissions were estimated for five source categories, which are based on equipment type. The
equipment types include: chain-driven (conveyorized) charbroilers (SCC 2302002100), under-fired charbroilers
(2302002200), deep-fat fiyers (2302003000), flat griddles (2302003100), and clamshell griddles (2302003200).
Source categories comprise emissions from all meat types for a particular piece of equipment. The following types
of meat are included: hamburger, steak, fish, pork, and chicken. Emissions for deep-fat frying of french fries were
also estimated.
With the exception of deep-fat frying of french fries, commercial cooking activity was developed from survey data
obtained from a Public Research Institute (PRI) report on charbroiling activity estimation in the State of California.1
Table 1 presents the average pounds of meat cooked on each type of equipment per week. Tables 2 and 3 provide
data from the PRI survey that were also used to construct the activity data. Table 2 presents the percent of
restaurants by restaurant type with each cooking equipment type. Table 3 presents the average number of equipment
pieces by restaurant type. Weekly commercial cooking activity data for meat were estimated by first multiplying the
county number of restaurants in Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) industry classifications that use commercial cooking
equipment by the percentage of restaurants with each type of cooking equipment (Table 2).2 The resulting product is
then multiplied by the number average number of equipment pieces by restaurant type (Table 3), and then by the
average weekly pounds of meat cooked by equipment type (Table 1). Table 4 presents the D&B restaurant
classifications used in this procedure. Commercial cooking activity data for each combination of equipment type
and meat type were developed for each of the five restaurant types, and then summed to get county-level pounds of
meat cooked on each type of equipment for all restaurants.
The mass of frozen potatoes sold in 2001 (6,736,530 lbs) was obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA).3 French fries sold by fast food restaurants account for 91 percent (6,130,242 lbs) of frozen potatoes sold;
9,338 lbs of french fries were sold by other restaurant types.4 County-level activity data for deep fat frying of french
fries at fast food restaurants were developed by applying county-to-national proportions to the national amount of
french fries sold by these restaurants. These proportions were compiled using the number of fast food restaurants
reported by D&B. County-level activity data for deep fat frying of french fries at all other restaurants were
estimated by applying similar county-to-national proportions to the 9,338 lbs of french fries sold nationally by these
restaurants. The D&B count of the number of these other restaurants was used to calculate these proportions.
The activity data were converted to tons of meat and french fries cooked on each type of equipment by dividing by
2000. The NIF allows only one entry for activity data for each SCC and county combination. Due to this limitation,
county-level composite activity data were calculated by first summing the activity to get county-level tons of all food
cooked on each type of equipment per week. Tons of food cooked per week were then converted to annual tons by
multiplying by 52 weeks/year.
Table 1. Average Weekly Pounds of Meat Cooked by Equipment Type
Type of Meat
Chain-Driven
Charbroilers
Underfired
Charbroilers
Deep-Fat
Fryers
Flat
Griddles
Clamshell
Griddles
Steak
236
180
181
166
94
Hamburger
798
270
274
362
1314
Poultry, With Skin
147
144
365
88
113
Poultry, Skinless
266
179
208
111
108
Pork
57.6
148
58.6
112
118
Seafood
119
143
159
92.1
632
Other
-
41.5
274
57.5
-
A-16
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COMMERCIAL COOKING (continued)
SCCs: 2302002100,2302002200, 2302003000, 2302003100, & 2302003200
Table 2. Percent of Restaurants with Each Type of Cooking Equipment
Restaurant
Category
Chain-Driven
Charbroilers
Underfired
Charbroilers
Deep-Fat
Fryers
Flat Griddles
Clamshell
Griddles
Ethnic
3.5
47.5
81.9
62.7
4
Family
10.1
60.9
91.4
82.9
1.4
Fast Food
18.6
30.8
96.8
51.9
14.7
Seafood
0
52.6
100
36.8
10.5
Steak &
Barbeque
6.9
55.2
82.8
89.7
0
Table 3. Average Number of Equipment Pieces by Restaurant Type1
Restaurant
Category
Chain-Driven
Charbroilers
Underfired
Charbroilers
Deep-Fat
Fryers
Flat Griddles
Clamshell
Griddles
Ethnic
1.62
1.54
1.63
1.88
1.8
Family
1.71
1.29
2.34
2.03
_i
Fast Food
1.07
1.58
3.1
1.43
2.09
Seafood
-
1.1
2.47
1.11
1.5
Steak &
Barbeque
2,3
1.63
2.42
1.35
-
1 Average number of equipment pieces only for the segment of restaurants estimated as having such equipment.
2 Not clear why the number of pieces of equipment was not reported for this category.
3 Steak and barbeque restaurants are not likely to employ chain-driven charbroilers.
Table 4. Dun & Bradstreet Restaurant Classifications
Restaurant Type Dun & Bradstreet Code
Ethnic food 5812-01
Fast food 5812-03
Family 5812-05
Seafood 5812-07
Steak & Barbecue 5812-08
To develop emissions (in lb/year), the mass of meat and french fries cooked on each equipment type was multiplied
by an appropriate emission factor. Emissions were then divided by lton/2000 lb to convert the emissions to
ton/year. Commercial cooking criteria air pollutant and HAP emission factors can be found in the EPA report
Methods for Developing a National Emission Inventory for Commercial Cooking Processes: Technical
Memorandum.5 The emission factors are expressed in lb/ton and g/kg, and are by equipment and food type. The
NIF allows only one emission factor for each SCC and pollutant combination. Due to this limitation, weighted
composite emission factors, in lb/ton, were calculated by dividing emissions by the mass of meat and french fries
cooked, multiplying by 2000 lb/ton; and then incorporated into the NIF.
A-17
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COMMERCIAL COOKING (continued)
SCCs: 2302002100,2302002200, 2302003000, 2302003100, & 2302003200
The only known area with controls in place for commercial charbroiling is the South Coast Air Quality Management
District (SCAQMD) in California. Controls consistent with the requirements of Rule 1138 currently only affect
chain-driven charbroilcrs." A control efficiency (CE) of 86% was applied for VOC and a CE of 83% was applied for
PM10-PRI and PM2.5-PRI to uncontrolled chain-driven charbroiler emissions in the following SCAQMD counties:
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino. The CE that was used to estimate controlled VOC emissions
or the CE used to estimate controlled PM10-PRI and PM2.5-PRI emissions was applied to the uncontrolled HAP
emissions in these counties. Controlled emissions of volatile organic HAP species were estimated by using the VOC
CE, while those associated with PM10-PRI and PM2.5-PRI were estimated using the PM10-PRI CE. Table 5 lists
each HAP and the CE assumption that was used to estimate controlled HAP emissions. Rule effectiveness for the
four controlled counties was set to 100%. Los Angeles and Orange counties are assumed to have 100% rule
penetration. San Bernardino and Riverside counties were assumed to have 80% rule penetration, since about 80% of
the population of these counties resides within the SCAQMD.
Table 5. HAP Pollutants and CE
Pollutant
Description
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
CE Used
4-Nitrophenol
100027
PM10
Acenaphthene
83329
PM,0
Acenaphthylene
208968
PM10
Acetaldehyde
75070
VOC
Acetophenone
98862
VOC
Anthracene
120127
PM,0
Benz[a]Anthracene
56553
PM10
Benzene
71432
VOC
Benzo[a]Pyrene
50328
PM,0
Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene
191242
PM,0
Biphenyl
92524
PM10
Dibutyl Phthalate
84742
PM10
Ethyl Benzene
100414
VOC
Ethylene Dichloride
107062
VOC
Fluoranthene
206440
PM10
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
CE Used
Fluorene
86737
PM10
Formaldehyde
50000
VOC
lndeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene
193395
PM10
m,p-xylenes
1330207
VOC
Naphthalene
91203
VOC
o-Cresol
95487
VOC
o-Xylene
95476
VOC
p-Cresol
106445
VOC
Phenanthrene
85018
PM,0
Phenol
108952
VOC
Propionaldehyde
123386
VOC
Pyrene
129000
PM10
Styrene
100425
VOC
Toluene
108883
VOC
Total PAH1
130498292
PM10
1 Pollutant code 234 for Total PAH in draft NEI was changed to pollutant code 130498292 for the
final NEI.
Table 6 summarizes the national CAP and HAP composite emission factors, annual activity, and emissions by SCC
and pollutant
A-18
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COMMERCIAL COOKING (continued)
SCCs: 2302002100,2302002200, 2302003000, 2302003100, & 2302003200
Table 6. National Emissions Summary
Composite
National
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Emissions
Pollutant
Factor
Factor
Annual
(tons)
see
Cooking Device
Pollutant Description
Code
(lb/ton)
Reference
Activity (ton)
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
4.002084
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
2,116.1
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
Carbon Monoxide
CO
13.364824
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
7,400.7
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
15.996058
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
8,857.7
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
15.506208
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
8,586.6
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
4-NITROPHENOL
100027
0.003826
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
2.1
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
ACENAPHTHENE
83329
0.000415
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.2
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
ACENAPHTHYLENE
208968
0.007423
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
4.1
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
ACETALDEHYDE
75070
0.163475
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
90.5
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
ACETOPHENONE
98862
0.001409
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.8
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
ANTHRACENE
120127
0.001669
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.9
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE
56553
0.000477
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.3
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
BENZENE
71432
0.292169
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
161.8
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
BENZO[A]PYRENE
50328
0.000275
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.2
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
BENZO[G,H,l,]PERYLENE
191242
0.000256
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.1
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
BIPHENYL
92524
0.003623
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
2.0
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
84742
0.001113
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.6
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
ETHYL BENZENE
100414
0.023188
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
12.8
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
107062
0.008116
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
4.5
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
FLUORANTHENE
206440
0.001863
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
1.0
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
FLUORENE
86737
0.001806
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
1.0
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
FORMALDEHYDE
50000
0.227822
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
126.2
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
INDENO[1,2,3-C,D]PYRENE
193395
0.000162
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.1
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
NAPHTHALENE
91203
0.034368
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
19.0
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
O-CRESOL
95487
0.000974
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
0.5
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
O-XYLENE
95476
0.019130
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
10.6
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
PAH,TOTAL
130498292
0.081077
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
44.9
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
P-CRESOL
106445
0.001988
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
1.1
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
PHENANTHRENE
85018
0.008221
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
4.6
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
PHENOL
108952
0.013333
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
7.4
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
PROPIONALDEHYDE
123386
0.044057
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
24.4
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
PYRENE
129000
0.002508
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
1.4
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
STYRENE
100425
0.110143
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
61.0
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
TOLUENE
108883
0.115940
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
64.2
2302002100
Conveyorized
Charbro
ng
XYLENES
1330207
0.016232
See
footnote
a
1,107,492
9.0
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC
3.918318
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
7,233.5
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
Carbon Monoxide
CO
12.817540
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
23,662.1
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
32.666124
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
60,304.0
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
31.577929
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
58,295.1
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
4-NITROPHENOL
100027
0.005624
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
10.4
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
ACENAPHTHENE
83329
0.000219
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
0.4
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
ACENAPHTHYLENE
208968
0.005542
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
10.2
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
ACETALDEHYDE
75070
0.340875
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
629.3
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
ACETOPHENONE
98862
0.002804
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
5.2
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
ANTHRACENE
120127
0.001622
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
3.0
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE
56553
0.000441
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
0.8
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
BENZENE
71432
0.586544
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
1,082.8
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
BENZO[A]PYRENE
50328
0.000187
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
0.3
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
BENZO[G,H,l,]PERYLENE
191242
0.000196
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
0.4
2302002200
Under-fired Charbroil
ng
BIPHENYL
92524
0.002233
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
4.1
A-19
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COMMERCIAL COOKING (continued)
SCCs: 2302002100,2302002200, 2302003000, 2302003100, & 2302003200
Table 6. National Emissions Summary (continued)
Composite
National
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Emissions
Pollutant
Factor
Factor
Annual
(tons)
see
Cooking Device
Pollutant Description
Code
(lb/ton)
Reference
Activity (ton)
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
84742
0.002049
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
3.8
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
ETHYL BENZENE
100414
0.044503
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
82.2
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
107062
0.018742
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
34.6
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
FLUORANTHENE
206440
0.002287
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
4.2
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
FLUORENE
86737
0.001698
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
3.1
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
FORMALDEHYDE
50000
0.469920
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
867.5
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
INDENO[1,2,3-C,D]PYRENE
193395
0.000115
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
0.2
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
NAPHTHALENE
91203
0.022748
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
42.0
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
O-CRESOL
95487
0.001799
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
3.3
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
O-XYLENE
95476
0.037336
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
68.9
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
PAH,TOTAL
130498292
0.066015
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
121.9
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
P-CRESOL
106445
0.003632
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
6.7
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
PHENANTHRENE
85018
0.007460
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
13.8
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
PHENOL
108952
0.026010
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
48.0
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
PROPIONALDEHYDE
123386
0.092009
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
169.9
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
PYRENE
129000
0.003087
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
5.7
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
STYRENE
100425
0.222409
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
410.6
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
TOLUENE
108883
0.232132
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
428.5
2302002200
Under-fired
Charbroil
ng
XYLENES
1330207
0.033076
See
footnote
a
3,692,145
61.1
2302003000
Deep Fat Frying
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC
0.129029
See footnote a
18,180,911
1,172.9
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC
0.355080
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
940.0
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Fryinc
Carbon Monoxide
CO
0.733239
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
1,941.1
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Fryinc
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
5.922517
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
15,678.9
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
4.501113
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
11,916.0
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
ACENAPHTHENE
83329
0.000055
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
0.1
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
ACENAPHTHYLENE
208968
0.000271
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
0.7
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Fryinc
ANTHRACENE
120127
0.000478
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
1.3
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE
56553
0.000158
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
0.4
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
BENZO[A]PYRENE
50328
0.000030
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
0.1
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
BIPHENYL
92524
0.000153
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
0.4
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
FLUORANTHENE
206440
0.001409
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
3.7
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
FLUORENE
86737
0.000362
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
1.0
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frying
NAPHTHALENE
91203
0.007855
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
20.8
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Fryinc
PAH,TOTAL
130498292
0.015412
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
40.8
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Fryinc
PHENANTHRENE
85018
0.003628
See
footnote
a
5,294,678
9.6
2302003100
Flat Griddle
Frvina
PYRENE
129000
0.001878
See
footnote
a
5.294.678
5.0
2302003200
Clamshell Griddle Frying
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC
0.036472
See footnote a
2,132,336
38.9
2302003200
Clamshell Griddle Frying
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
1.006137
See footnote a
2,132,336
1,072.7
2302003200
Clamshell Griddle Frying
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
0.852257
See footnote a
2,132,336
908.6
a - Composite emission factor developed by dividing national emissions by the national mass of meat and french fries cooked, then multiplying
by 2000 lb/ton. Emission factors that were used to estimate national emissions are in Tables 1A, 2A, IB, and 2B of the EPA document Methods
for Developing a National Emission Inventory for Commercial Cooking Processes: Technical Memorandum (Reference 5).
A-20
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COMMERCIAL COOKING (continued)
SCCs: 2302002100,2302002200, 2302003000, 2302003100, & 2302003200
Sample Calculations
The following sample calculations illustrate how activity data (pounds of meat) were estimated for SCC 2302002200
(Under-fired Charbroiling) for one county. The facility counts for each type of restaurant in the county were used
with the survey data in the above tables to estimate activity. The steps in this process are:
Step 1. Multiply county-level facility counts by the fraction of each restaurant type with each type of cooking equipment:
N * f = N
ethnic J ethnic, ufc ethnic, ufc
where: Netlmic = Number of ethnic food restaurants in county;
fethnic, ufc = fraction of ethnic food rest, with under-fired charbroilers; and
Ndhmc, ufc = Number of ethnic food rest, with under-fired charbroilers.
538 restaurants x 0.475 = 256 ethnic food rest, with under-fired charbroilers
Step 2. Multiply number of restaurants with each type of cooking equipment by number of pieces of equipment:
K
*
ethnic, ufc ethnic, ufc
= E.
ethnic, ufc
where:
N,
ethnic, ufc
" ethnic, ufc
E.
ethnic, ufc
Number of ethnic food rest, with under-fired charbroilers;
Number of under-fired charbroilers at ethnic food restaurants with at least one
under-fired charbroiler;
Total number of under-fired charbroilers at ethnic food restaurants.
256 ethnic food rest, with under-fired charbroilers * 1.54 under-fired charbroilers
= 394 under-fired charbroilers at ethnic food restaurants
Step 3. Sum number of pieces of cooking equipment across restaurant types:
ethnic,ufc ^ -^family,ufc ^ ^fast,ufc seafood,ufc ^S&B,ufc ^all,ufc
where: = Total number of under-fired charbroilers at ethnic food restaurants;
Efamiiy.ufc = Total number of under-fired charbroilers at family restaurants;
Efast,ufc = Total number of under-fired charbroilers at fast food restaurants;
Eseafood,ufc = Total number of under-fired charbroilers at seafood restaurants;
Es&B,ufc = Total number of under-fired charbroilers at steak & barbecue restaurants; and
Ealhufc = Total number of under-fired charbroilers at all restaurants.
394 ethnic + 238family + 62 fast food + 14 seafood + 32 steak & barbecue
= 737 under-fired charbroilers at all restaurants
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
A-21 Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COMMERCIAL COOKING (continued)
SCCs: 2302002100,2302002200, 2302003000, 2302003100, & 2302003200
Step 4. Multiply total number of under-fired charbroilers by average pounds of meat cooked on each type of
equipment per week:
77 ^ mi = AA
all,ufc steak, ufc steak,ufc
where: Eallufc = Total number of under-fired charbroilers at all restaurants
msteak,ufc = Average pounds per week of steak cooked on one under-fired charbroiler
Msteak,ufc = Total pounds per week of steak cooked on all under-fired charbroilers in the
county
(737 under-fired charbroilers x 180.06 lbs/week) / (2000 lbs/ton)
= 66.4 tons of steak per week
Step 5. The mass of meat was then multiplied by the appropriate emission factor to estimate annual emissions.
A A * J7J7 = FM
steak,ufc steak,ufc steak,ufc
where: = Total tons per week of steak cooked on all under-fired charbroilers in the county
EFsteak,ufc = VOC emission factor for steak cooked on all under-fired charbroilers
¥Msteak ufc = Annual VOC emissions from steak cooked on all under-fired charbroilers in the
county
(66.4 tons of steak per week x 0.86 lb/ton) * (52 weeks/year) / (2000 lb/ton)
= 1.48 tons of VOC emitted per year
References
1. Public Research Institute, Charbroiling Activity Estimation, Draft Report, prepared for California
Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board, March 2003.
2. Dun & Bradstreet, Marketplace CD-ROM, Jan-Mar, 2002.
3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, "U.S. Pack of Frozen Potato Products," American Frozen Food Institute,
2001.
4. G. Lucier, U.S. Department of Agriculture, personal communication with P. Hemmer, E.H. Pechan &
Associates, Inc., May 2003.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Methods for
Developing a National Emission Inventory for Commercial Cooking Processes: Technical Memorandum,
prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2003.
6. South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), Perryman, Pamela and Peter Votlucka, "Staff
Report for Proposed Rule 1138 - Control of Emissions from Restaurant Operations," October 10, 1997.
A-22
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - NON-RESIDENTIAL
SCC: 2311020000
Primary PM10 and PM2 5 emissions were estimated for non-residential construction. Emissions for this source
category are all primary; there are no condensible emissions. Emissions from non-residential construction activity
are a function of the acreage disturbed for non-residential construction.1 Non-residential construction activity is
developed from data obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC)'s Bureau of the Census.2 Emissions
from non-residential construction in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands was not estimated.
The national value of non-residential construction put in place (in millions of dollars) was allocated to counties using
county-level non-residential construction (NAICS Code 2362) employment data obtained from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program.3 For many counties, employment
data from the BLS was withheld (not reported). In these cases, the BLS county employment data was supplemented
with Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) county non-residential construction employment data.4 State non-residential
construction employment totals from the BLS included employment numbers for the counties where county-level
employment data was withheld. A ratio of D&B county-to-State employment was applied to the BLS State
employment totals to estimate county-level non-residential construction employment for those counties where
employment data was withheld. Appendix B contains the non-residential construction employment data by county.
To estimate the number of acres disturbed by non-residential construction, a conversion factor of 1.55 acres/106
dollars was applied to the county-level construction valuation data. This conversion factor was developed by
adjusting the 1999 value of 2 acres/106 dollars to 2002 constant dollars using the Price and Cost Indices for
Construction.5
Emission Factors
Initial PM10 emissions from construction of non-residential buildings are calculated using an emission factor of 0.19
tons/acre/month. The duration of construction activity for non-residential construction is assumed to be 11 months.
Adjustments
Regional variances in construction emissions are corrected using soil moisture level, silt content, and control
efficiency. These correction parameters are applied to initial PM10 emissions from non-residential construction to
develop the final emissions inventory.
To account for the soil moisture level, the PM10 emissions are weighted using the precipitation-evaporation (PE)
values from Thornthwaite's PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were estimated based
on PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41.
To account for the silt content, thePM10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data
base containing county-level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by applying a correction
factor developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values.6
The equation for PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content is:
Corrected EPM10 = Initial EPM10 / Jyr / ^7
where: Corrected EPM10 = PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content,
PE = precipitation-evaporation value for each State,
S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.
A-23
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - NON-RESIDENTIAL (continued)
SCC: 2311020000
Nonattainment areas are assumed to require controls for PM emissions from non-residential construction activity. A
control efficiency of 50 percent is assumed for both PM10 and PM2 5 in nonattainment areas.
Once PM10 estimates are developed, PM2 5 emissions are estimated by applying a particle size multiplier of 0.20 to
PM10 emissions.1 Note that EPA lowered the PM25-PRI/-FIL particle size multiplier to 0.10 just prior to completing
the final 2002 nonpoint NEI. The EPA applied an adjustment factor of 0.67 (an error) to the PM25-PRI/-FIL
emissions in the final NEI; the emission factor in this documentation and in Appendix C has been revised to reflect
this change. Note EPA will make a further adjustment of 0.75 in version 2 of the 2002 NEI to correct the error.7
Table 1 provides a national summary of activity and emissions by pollutant. It is important to note that the values in
Table 1 represent total activity and emissions. Due to time and resource constraints for completing the final 2002
nonpoint NEI, an evaluation was not performed to determine if there was double counting of point source emissions
in the nonpoint source NEI. Point source emissions are classified under SCCs 31100101 through 31100103. Note
that the emission factor for PM2.5 was adjusted from 0.038 to 0.026 to account for the correction mentioned in the
previous paragraph. The factor should be 0.019 and will be corrected in version 2 of the 02 NEI. See Section 2.8.6
of this report for further discussion of this adjustment.
Table 1. National Emissions Summary for Non-Residential Construction:
Not Adjusted for Point Source Activity or Emissions
Pollutant Description
National Activity
and NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Emission
Emission Factor
Level (Reference
National Emissions
Code
Factor
Reference
2,3)
(tons/year)
PM10-PRI / PM10-FIL
0.19
Reference 1
258,980
622,723
PM25-PRI / PM25-FIL
0.026
Reference 1
258,980
83,445
References:
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. "Technical
Memorandum: Revised Methodology for Estimating Emissions from Construction." Prepared by E.H.
Pechan & Associates. Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2000.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Construction Statistics. Annual Value of Construction
Put in Place in the U.S. 1998-2002. 2002.
3. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
Program. County Employment and Wages, 2002. 2002.
4. Dun & Bradstreet, Marketplace CD-ROM, Jan-Mar, 2002.
5. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Construction Statistics. Annual Construction Cost
Indexes (1964 to 2002). 2002.
6. Campbell, 1996: Campbell, S.G., D.R. Shimp, and S.R. Francis. Spatial Distribution of PM-10 Emissions
from Agricultural Tilling in the San Joaquin Valley, pp. 119-127 in Geographic Information Systems in
Environmental Resources Management, Air and Waste Management Association, Reno, NV. 1996.
7. EPA, 2006. Western GovernorsAssociation. 2006. Background Document for Revisions to Fine Fraction
Ratios Used for AP-42 Fugitive Dust Emission Factors. Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP), 1515
Cleveland Plance, Suite 200, Denver, Colorado 80202 .
A-24
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - RESIDENTIAL
SCC: 2311010000
Primary PM10 and PM2 5 emissions were estimated for residential construction. Emissions for this source category
are all filterable; there are no condensible emissions. Emissions from residential construction activity are a function
of the acreage disturbed and volume of soil excavated for residential construction.1 Residential construction activity
is developed from data obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC)'s Bureau of the Census. Emissions
from residential construction in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands was not estimated.
Annual regional housing starts data by housing category (1-unit, 2 to 4-units, 5-units or more) are developed from
the 2002 New Privately Owned Housing Units Started.2 Table 1 presents the housing starts data obtained from the
DOC. The resulting annual regional housing starts for each housing category are then converted from 'number of
units' data into 'number of structures' data. The regional number of structures started in 2002 is then allocated to
counties. The Permits by County3 data for 2002 is used to calculate the ratio of the number of building permits in
each county to the total number of building permits in the region. This ratio is then used to estimate the number of
structures started in each county. Appendix B contains the permit data by county.
Table 1. New Privately Owned Housing Units Started in 2002 (thousands)2
Month
Total
1 unit
2 to 4
units
5 or
more
units
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Total
Total
Total
Total
1 unit
1 unit
1 unit
1 unit
Jan
110.4
84.7
4.7
21.1
8.9
18.1
57.0
26.4
6.4
13.4
44.2
20.6
Feb
120.4
99.1
2.9
18.4
7.8
20.6
61.7
30.2
6.6
17.1
51.2
24.2
Mar
138.2
109.5
3.7
25.0
13.1
25.6
65.0
34.5
10.1
19.9
50.7
28.8
Apr
148.8
122.2
2.3
24.2
11.3
27.4
74.4
35.7
9.1
24.6
58.9
29.6
May
165.5
133.7
3.2
28.5
15.5
36.0
74.8
39.1
12.3
27.6
61.8
32.1
Jim
160.3
130.1
4.0
26.2
17.5
35.4
70.3
37.1
13.6
31.0
54.9
30.5
Jul
155.9
125.2
2.9
27.8
14.9
35.5
68.2
37.2
9.2
28.5
55.6
31.9
Aug
147.0
111.4
2.9
32.6
16.5
31.0
67.3
32.1
12.0
21.4
52.0
26.0
Sep
155.6
124.0
3.2
28.4
15.9
34.5
67.5
37.8
10.8
25.9
55.6
31.7
Oct
146.8
118.8
3.2
24.9
13.4
30.7
60.7
42.0
10.5
23.9
52.4
32.0
Nov
133.0
102.6
2.9
27.5
12.0
30.5
59.5
31.1
9.0
23.8
46.8
23.1
Dec
123.1
97.2
2.6
23.3
11.6
24.4
54.9
32.2
8.1
19.7
44.1
25.3
The percentage of one family houses with basements is obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau in the report
Characteristics of New Houses, Type of Foundation in New One Family Houses Completed.4 Table 2 presents the
percentage of one-family homes with basements for each region. The percentages are applied to 1-unit structures to
obtain the number of structures with basements in each county.
Table 2. Type of Foundation in New One Family Houses Completed in 20024
Region
Total
Full or Partial
Basement
Slab or other
Type
Crawl
Space
Percent
Basements
Northeast
113
100
9
4
0.8850
South
615
90
403
122
0.1463
Midwest
272
205
46
21
0.7537
West
325
60
203
62
0.1846
United States
1,325
455
661
208
0.3434
A-25
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - RESIDENTIAL (continued)
SCC: 2311010000
The county-level housing starts by structure type is used to estimate the acreage disturbed due to residential
construction. The total area disturbed in each county is calculated by assuming an average acreage disturbed for
each type of structure as given below:
1-Unit -1/4 acre/structure
2-Unit -1/3 acre/structure
Apartment - acre/structure
The U.S. Census Bureau no longer reports separate data for 2-unit structures, but groups them into a 2 to 4-units
category. However, the Census Bureau was contacted to request the number of 2-unit structure starts and number of
3 to 4-unit structure starts. The available national data are displayed in Table 3. The ratio of number of 2-unit
structure starts and number of 3 to-4 unit structure starts to number of 2 to 4-unit structure starts was then computed
as shown in Table 3. These ratios were used to allocate the number of 2 to 4-unit starts in each region to 2-unit starts
and 3 to 4-unit starts.5
Table 3. National Number of Housing Starts for 2-units and 3 to 4-units
2 units
3-4 units
Total
National Starts (thousands)
14
24
38
Ratios
0.368
0.632
The cubic yards of dirt excavated for 1-unit structures with basements is also estimated. This estimation assumes all
single-family homes are 2,000 square feet in area, have a basement depth of 8 feet, and have additional peripheral dirt
removed amounting to 10% of the basement volume. Table 4 summarizes the activity data for residential construction.
Table 4. Summary of National Activity Data for Residential Construction
Type of Structure Units Activity
Apartments acres disturbed 12,828
2-Unit Structures acres disturbed 2,363
1-Unit Structures w/o Basements acres disturbed 222,950
acres disturbed 116,676
1-unit Structures with Basements
cubic yards excavated 304,221,375
Emission Factors
Initial PM10 emissions from construction of single family, two family, and apartments structures are calculated using
the emission factors given in Table 5. The duration of construction activity for houses is assumed to be 6 months
and the duration of construction for apartments is assumed to be 12 months. For single-unit houses with basements,
emissions are calculated assuming best available control measures (BACM).6 The BACM Level 2 emission factor
equation is applied to the acreage disturbed and the cubic yards of dirt excavated.
A-26
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - RESIDENTIAL (continued)
SCC: 2311010000
Table 5. Emission Factors for Residential Construction
Type of Structure
Emission Factor
Duration of
Construction
Apartments
0.11 tons PMlO/acre-month
12 months
2-Unit Structures
0.032 tons PMlO/acre-month
6 months
1-Unit Structures w/o Basements
0.032 tons PMlO/acre-month
6 months
1-unit Structures with Basements
0.011 tons PMlO/acre-month
6 months
0.059 tons PM10/1000 cubic yards
Adjustments
Regional variances in construction emissions are corrected using soil moisture level, silt content, and control
efficiency. These correction parameters are applied to initial PM10 emissions from residential construction to
develop the final emissions inventory.
To account for the soil moisture level, the PM10 emissions are weighted using the precipitation-evaporation (PE)
values from Thornthwaite's PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were estimated based
on PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41.
To account for the silt content, thePM10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data
base containing county-level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by applying a correction
factor developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values.7
The equation for PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content is:
Corrected EPM10 = Initial EPM10 / - ^7
where: Corrected EPM10 = PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content,
PE = precipitation-evaporation value for each State,
S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.
Nonattainment areas are assumed to require controls for PM emissions from residential construction activity. A
control efficiency of 50 percent is assumed for both PM10 and PM2 5 in nonattainment areas.
Once PM10 estimates are developed, PM2 5 emissions are estimated by applying a particle size multiplier of 0.20 to
PM10 emissions.1 Note that EPA lowered the PM25-PRI/-FIL particle size multiplier to 0.10 just prior to completing
the final 2002 nonpoint NEI. The EPA applied an adjustment factor of 0.67 (an error) to the PM25-PRI/-FIL
emissions in version 1 of the final NEI; the emission factor in this documentation and in Appendix C has been
revised to reflect this change. Note EPA will make a further adjustment of 0.75 in version 2 of the 2002 NEI to
correct the error. See Section 2.8.6 of this report for further discussion of this adjustment8.
Table 6 provides a national summary of activity and emissions by pollutant. It is important to note that the values in
Table 6 represent total activity and emissions. Due to time and resource constraints for completing the final 2002
nonpoint NEI, an evaluation was not performed to determine if there was double counting of point source emissions
in the nonpoint source NEI. Point source emissions are classified under SCCs 31100101 through 31100103.
A-27
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
A-28 Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - RESIDENTIAL (continued)
SCC: 2311010000
Table 6. National Criteria Pollutant Emissions Summary for Residential Construction:
Not Adjusted for Point Source Activity or Emissions
Pollutant Description
National Activity
and NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Emission
Emission Factor
Level (Reference
National Emissions
Code
Factor
Reference
2,3,4)
(tons/year)
PM10-PRI / PM10-FIL
See Table 2
Reference 1
See Table 1
100,109
PM25-PRI / PM25-FIL
See Table 2
Reference 1
See Table 1
13,414
References:
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, "Technical
Memorandum: Revised Methodology for Estimating Emissions from Construction." Prepared by E.H.
Pechan & Associates. Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2000.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Construction Statistics. Housing Starts - New
Privately Owned Housing Units Started. 2002.
3. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Construction Statistics. Annual Characteristics of
New Housing - Type of Foundation in New One-Family Houses Completed, 2002.
4. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Construction Statistics. Annual Housing Units
Authorized by Building Permits - Permits by County. 2002.
5. U.S. Census Bureau, Residential Construction Branch, personal communication with P. Hemmer of E.H.
Pechan & Associates, Inc., June 2003.
6. Midwest Research Institute. Improvement of Specific Emission Factors (BACM Project No. 1). Prepared for
South Coast Air Quality Management District. March 29, 1996.
7. Campbell, 1996: Campbell, S.G., D.R. Shimp, and S.R. Francis. Spatial Distribution of PM-10 Emissions
from Agricultural Tilling in the San Joaquin Valley, pp. 119-127 in Geographic Information Systems in
Environmental Resources Management, Air and Waste Management Association, Reno, NV. 1996.
8. EPA, 2006. Western GovernorsAssociation. 2006. Background Document for Revisions to Fine Fraction
Ratios Used for AP-42 Fugitive Dust Emission Factors. Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP), 1515
Cleveland Plance, Suite 200, Denver, Colorado 80202 .
A-29
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - ROAD
SCC: 2311030000
Primary PM10 and PM2 5 emissions were estimated for road construction. Emissions for this source category are all
primary; there are no condensible emissions. Emissions from road construction activity are a function of the acreage
disturbed for road construction.1 Road construction activity is developed from data obtained from the Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA). Emissions from road construction in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
was not estimated.
State-level new miles of road constructed are estimated by first obtaining 2002 FHWA State expenditure for capital
outlay data, in thousands of dollars, according to the following six classifications:2
1. Interstate, urban
2. Interstate, rural
3. Other arterial, urban
4. Other arterial, rural
5. Collectors, urban
6. Collectors, rural
The State expenditure data are then converted to new miles of road constructed using $/mile conversions obtained
from the North Carolina Department of Transportation.3 A conversion of $4 million/mile is applied to the interstate
expenditures. This conversion corresponds to freeways and interstate projected listed for: 1) new location; 2) widen
existing 2-land shoulder section; and 30 widen existing 4-lane median. For expenditures on other arterial and
collectors, a conversion factor of $1.9 million/mile is applied, which corresponds to all other projects (excluding
freeway and interstate projects) listed for: 1) new location; 2) widen existing 2-land shoulder section; and 30 widen
existing 4-lane median.
The new miles of road constructed is used to estimate the acreage disturbed due to road construction. The total area
disturbed in each State is calculated by converting the new miles of road constructed to acres using an acres
disturbed/mile conversion factor for each road type as given below:1
1. Interstate, urban and rural; Other arterial, urban -15.2 acres/mile
2. Other arterial, rural - 12.7 acres/mile
3. Collectors, urban - 9.8 acres/mile
4. Collectors, rural - 7.9 acres/mile
Residential building starts are used to allocate the State-level acres disturbed by road construction to the county. A
ratio of the number of building starts in each county to the total number of building starts in each State is applied to
the State-level acres disturbed to estimate the total number of acres disturbed by road construction in each county.
Emission Factors
Initial PM10 emissions from construction of roads are calculated using an emission factor of 0.42 tons/acre/month.
Since most road construction consists of grading and leveling of land, the higher emission factor more accurately
reflects the high level of cut and fill activity that occurs at road construction sites. The duration of construction
activity for road construction is assumed to be 12 months.
Adjustments
Regional variances in construction emissions are corrected using soil moisture level, silt content, and control
efficiency. These correction parameters are applied to initial PM10 emissions from road construction to develop the
final emissions inventory.
A-30
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - ROAD (continued)
SCC: 2311030000
To account for the soil moisture level, the PM10 emissions are weighted using the precipitation-evaporation (PE)
values from Thornthwaite's PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were estimated based
on PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41.
To account for the silt content, thePM10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data
base containing county-level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by applying a correction
factor developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values.4
The equation for PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content is:
Corrected EPM10 = Initial EPMI0 / Jyr / ^7
where: Corrected EPM10 = PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content,
PE = precipitation-evaporation value for each State,
S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.
Nonattainment areas are assumed to require controls for PM emissions from road construction activity. A control
efficiency of 50 percent is assumed for both PM10 and PM2 5 in nonattainment areas.
Once PM10 estimates are developed, PM2 5 emissions are estimated by applying a particle size multiplier of 0.20 to
PM10 emissions.1 Note that EPA lowered the PM25-PRI/-FIL particle size multiplier to 0.10 just prior to
completing the version one of the final 2002 nonpoint NEI. The EPA applied an adjustment factor of 0.67 (an error)
to the PM25-PRI/-FIL emissions in the final NEI; the emission factor in this documentation and in Appendix C has
been revised to reflect this change. Note EPA will make a further adjustment of 0.75 in version 2 of the 2002 NEI to
correct the error. See Section 2.8.6 of this report for further discussion of this adjustment5.
Table 1 provides a national summary of activity and emissions by pollutant. It is important to note that the values in
Table 1 represent total activity and emissions. Due to time and resource constraints for completing the final 2002
nonpoint NEI, an evaluation was not performed to determine if there was double counting of point source emissions
in the nonpoint source NEI. Point source emissions are classified under SCCs 31100101 through 31100103.
Table 1. National Criteria Pollutant Emissions Summary for Road Construction:
Not Adjusted for Point Source Activity or Emissions
Pollutant Description
and NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission
Factor
Emission Factor
Reference
National Activity
Level (Reference
2,3)
National Emissions
(tons/year)
PM10-PRI
0.42
Reference 1
239,682
1,369,212
PM10-FIL
0.42
Reference 1
239,682
1,369,212
PM25-PRI
0.084
Reference 1
239,682
183,474
PM25-FIL
0.084
Reference 1
239,682
183,474
A-31
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
CONSTRUCTION - ROAD (continued)
SCC: 2311030000
References:
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. "Technical
Memorandum: Revised Methodology for Estimating Emissions from Construction." Prepared by E.H.
Pechan & Associates. Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2000.
2. Federal Highway Administration. Highway Statistics, Section IV - Highway Finance, Table SF-12A, "State
Highway Agency Capital Outlay -2002." 2002.
3. North Carolina Department of Transportation. Facsimile from D. Lane, North Carolina Department of
Transportation, to R. Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Research Triangle Park. September 2000.
4. Campbell, 1996: Campbell, S.G., D.R. Shimp, and S.R. Francis. Spatial Distribution of PM-10 Emissions
from Agricultural Tilling in the San Joaquin Valley, pp. 119-127 in Geographic Information Systems in
Environmental Resources Management, Air and Waste Management Association, Reno, NV. 1996.
5. EPA, 2006. Western GovernorsAssociation. 2006. Background Document for Revisions to Fine Fraction
Ratios Used for AP-42 Fugitive Dust Emission Factors. Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP), 1515
Cleveland Plance, Suite 200, Denver, Colorado 80202 .
A-32
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COTTON GINNING
SCC: 2801000000
Filterable PM10 and PM2 5 (PM10-FIL and PM25-FIL) emissions estimates for 2002 were developed for cotton
ginning. Emissions from cotton ginning are a function of the number of bales of cotton ginned.1 Ginning activity
occurs in 16 States. The USDA Cotton Ginning reports present the amount of cotton ginned by State, district, and
county for each crop year. The following data files were obtained from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics
Service 2:
NASS_01-2002.txt Activity data for period August/September 2002 through January 25, 2002.
NASS 01-2003 .txt Activity data for period August/September 2002 through March 22, 2002.
NASS_01-2002.txt Activity data for period August/September 2003 through January 23, 2003.
Appendix B contains a compilation of these data files into a one table in database format.
A crop year begins in August/September 2002 through March 2003, covering parts of two calendar years. Since the
activity data are reported as running totals for the growing season, the number of bales ginned for a calendar year
needs to be determined using data from two crop years. The amount of cotton ginned from January 1 to the end of
the season (March) for calendar year x (crop year x) and the amount of cotton ginned from the beginning of the
season (August/September) for calendar year x (crop year y) is summed to get the calendar year x total. To
determine the amount ginned from January 1 to the end of the season, the amount ginned before January 1 (in the
early January Cotton Ginnings report) was subtracted from the total reported in the end of season (March) Cotton
Ginnings report. To determine the amount ginned from the beginning of the season to January 1, the total recorded
by January 1 in the early January Cotton Ginnings report was used.
The Cotton Ginnings report may not show detailed data for a county, but may include those data in the district, State,
or U.S. totals. Data for a gin may be considered confidential if (1) there are fewer than three gins operating in the
county, or (2) more than 60 percent of the cotton ginned in the county is ginned at one mill. The standard Cotton
Ginnings report lists the following four codes to its table of running bales ginned:
1/ withheld to avoid disclosing individual gins
2/ withheld to avoid disclosing individual gins, but included in State total
3/ excludes some gins' data to avoid disclosing individual gins, but included in the State total
4/ withheld to avoid disclosing individual gins but included in the U.S. total
The following methodology is used for estimating the number of bales ginned in counties with confidential data.
(1) If all counties in the district show confidentiality, but there is a district total, divide district total by the
number of counties to get individual county estimates.
(2) If some (but not all) counties in a district show confidentiality and there is a district total, subtract
county totals from district total and divide the remainder by the number of counties showing
confidentiality to get estimates for the "confidential" counties.
(3) If both county and district totals are considered confidential within a State, divide the State total by the
number of counties to get individual county estimates.
(4) If some (but not all) districts show confidentiality, subtract recorded district totals from the State total
and divide the remainder by the number of counties showing confidentiality to get estimates for the
"confidential" counties.
In some cases, data in the March report differed from earlier reports for the crop year in both total number of bales
ginned and counties where ginning occurred. The January reports showed higher totals for some counties, and
subtracting the January totals from the March totals for these counties yielded a negative number. In these cases, the
A-33
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COTTON GINNING (continued)
SCC: 2801000000
activity for the county for that time period was considered zero. In instances where counties were recorded in the
March final report, but not in earlier reports, the activity was assumed to have occurred sometime before January.
These counties were then added to the January listing as confidential counties, and distribution of ginning activity
was then performed.
Kansas has only one small gin operating in the State, and this gin does not operate every year. Since the amount of
cotton ginned at this facility is considered insignificant (less than 0.005 percent of the total cotton ginned in the
United States in 1995), no emissions for Kansas were calculated.
Once all the cotton ginning activity was distributed using the methodologies above, PM10-FIL and PM25-FIL
emissions were calculated. Table 1 presents the emission factors for cotton ginning. There are 2 sets of emission
factors, one set for full PM controls (high-efficiency cyclone) and one set for conventional PM controls (screened
drums or cages). For each State, a certain percentage of cotton ginning is assumed to apply conventional controls
and full controls.3 Table 2 shows the estimated percentage of crop by emission control method for each State. The
equation for calculating emissions is:
E = [EFc(Pcx 5)]+ \EFf(pf x #)]
= percent crop full controls,
= percent crop conventional controls,
= number of bales ginned,
= Ml controls emission factor, and
= conventional controls emission factor.
Table 1. Cotton Ginning Emission Factors 1
Control Type
PM-FIL
(lb/bale)
PM10-FIL
(lb/bale)
PM25-FIL
(lb/bale)
Full controls (high-efficiency cyclone)
2.4
0.82
0.024
Conventional controls (screened drums or cages)
3.1
1.2
0.031
Table 3 provides a national summary of activity and emissions by pollutant for the cotton ginning category. It is
important to note that the cotton ginning values in Table 3 represent total activity and emissions. However, point
source adjustments were completed on the emissions in the final nonpoint NEI. The final 2002 point source
inventory contained State-supplied emissions for cotton ginning reported under point source SCCs 30200401
through 30200499. For the States that did not report nonpoint source emissions for this category and for which
EPA's estimates were included in the final 2002 nonpoint NEI, EPA adjusted its nonpoint source emissions by
subtracting the uncontrolled point source emissions from the nonpoint emissions. Uncontrolled point source PM10-
PRI/-FIL and PM25-PRI/-FIL emissions were back-calculated using the point source control efficiencies that each
State provided in the point source inventory. The uncontrolled point source emissions were summed to the county
level, and subtracted from the county-level nonpoint PM10-PRI/-FIL and PM25-PRI/-FIL emissions. If the
subtraction resulted in a negative or zero number for one or more of the pollutants, the nonpoint emissions for all of
the pollutants (i.e., PM10-PRI/-FIL and PM25-PRI/-FIL) were set to zero. Note that EPA did not perform point
source adjustments to the nonpoint emissions supplied by State agencies. It was assumed that the agencies
completed point source adjustments to the nonpoint emissions they provided EPA.
where Pc
Pf
B
EFc
EFf
A-34
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
COTTON GINNING (continued)
SCC: 2801000000
Table 2. Estimated Percentage of Crop By Emission Control Method 3
Percentage of Crop
Percentage of Crop
Full
Conventional
Full
Conventional
State
Controls
Controls
State
Controls
Controls
Alabama
20
80
Missouri
20
80
Arizona
50
50
New Mexico
20
80
Arkansas
30
70
North
30
70
California
72
28
Oklahoma
20
80
Florida
20
80
South
20
80
Georgia
30
70
Tennessee
20
80
Louisiana
20
80
Texas
30
70
Mississippi
20
80
Virginia
20
80
Table 3. National Criteria Pollutant Emissions Summary:
Not Adjusted for Point Source Activity or Emissions
Pollutant
Description
and NIF 3.0
Emissions Factors
(lb/bale)
Percentage of Crop a
(National Average)
Emission Factor and
National Activity Level
National
Pollutant
Full
Conventional
Full
Conventional
Crop Percentage
(Reference 2)
Emissions
Code
Controls
Controls
Controls
Controls
References
(No. of Bales Ginned)
(tons/year)
PM10-PRI /
PM10-FIL
0.82
1.2
35
65
Reference 1
Reference 3
16,790,805
9,026
PM25-PRI /
PM25-FIL
0.024
0.031
35
65
Reference 1
Reference 3
16,790,805
241
a Average is based on the average crop (average total bales ginned per year) from 1991 to 1995 for these States.
References
1. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
"Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area
Sources, Section 9.3.1 Cotton Harvesting." Research Triangle Park, NC. 1995.
2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. "Reports by Commodity - Cotton
Ginnings." 2002. http://www.usda.gOv/nass/pubs/estindxl.htm#cotton
3. Johnson, 1996: Memorandum from Fred Johnson, National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN, to Bill Mayfield,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Memphis, TN. "Estimated Percent of Crop by Emission Control Method,"
July 23, 1996.
A-35
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
DRUM AND BARREL RECLAMATION
SCC: 2461160000
A number of facilities in the United States recondition used industrial packaging, including drums and barrels, for
reuse. Approximately 35 million 55-barrel drums are reclaimed annually. As part of the reclamation process, many
of these drums and barrels are placed in a furnace to burn off any residue remaining from prior use. This
reclamation process results in CAP and HAP emissions. The emissions are assumed to be a function of the number
of drums and barrels burned.
The Reusable Industrial Packaging Association (RIPA) was contacted to provide data on the number of drums and
barrels reclaimed in furnaces. No calendar year 2002 data were available; the most recent data available were from
surveys of reclamation companies for calendar year 2000. However, RIPA estimates that 20 million 55-gallon
barrels were reclaimed using furnaces in the United States in 2002.1
The 2002 national emission estimates for drum and barrel reclamation were developed by multiplying the
appropriate emission factors by the national activity estimate. Emission factors for most of the HAPs are from the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Locating and Estimating Air Emissions From Sources ofPolycyclic
Organic Matter? The emission factor for lead is taken from Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
Lead and Lead Compounds? Emission factors for NOx and PM10-FIL were taken from EPA's Factor Information
REtrieval (FIRE) database.4 Emission factors for PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL are not available. Consequently, in
order to include PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL emissions in the NEI, the PM25-PRI emission factor was set equal to the
PM10-PRI emission factor, and the PM25-FIL emission factor was set equal to the PM10-FIL emission factor.
Eleven drum reclamation facilities that utilize furnaces were identified during the 112(c)(6) inventory effort.5
Table 1 lists the nine counties where these facilities are located. Because furnace throughput for each facility is not
available, national drum reclamation activity was allocated evenly among the 11 facilities. Table 2 presents the
national summary of activity data, emission factors, and emissions for each pollutant. It is important to note that
these values represent total emissions.
The nonpoint source emissions for IL and MD are not included in the final nonpoint source NEI because the
emissions for the category are included in their point source inventories. Due to time and resource constraints for
completing the final 2002 nonpoint NEI, an evaluation was not performed to determine if there was double counting
of point source emissions in the nonpoint source NEI for the remaining States. Point source emissions are classified
under SCC 30902501 (Drum Cleaning/Reclamation, Drum Burning Furnace).
Table 1. Counties with Drum Reclamation Facilities
FIPS Code
State
County
Number of
Facilities
National Activity
Allocation Ratio
17031
IL
Cook
1
0.09091
19163
IA
Scott
1
0.09091
20015
KS
Butler
1
0.09091
20209
KS
Wyandotte
2
0.18182
24510
MD
Baltimore City
2
0.18182
27053
MN
Hennepin
1
0.09091
42003
PA
Allegheny
1
0.09091
42101
PA
Philadelphia
1
0.09091
45019
SC
Charleston
1
0.09091
A-36
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
DRUM AND BARREL RECLAMATION (continued)
SCC: 2461160000
Table 2. National Criteria and HAP Emissions Summary:
Not Adjusted for Point Source Activity or Emissions
Emission
NIF3.0
Factor
Converted
National
National
Pollutant
(lb/103
Emission Factor
Emission Factor
Activity
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
barrels)1
Reference
(lb/103 barrels)
(barrels)
(tons/vr)
Acenaphthene
83329
2.85E-06
Reference 2
20,000,000
2.85E-05
Acenaphthylene
208968
7.07E-07
Reference 2
20,000,000
7.07E-06
Anthracene
120127
2.63E-06
Reference 2
20,000,000
2.63E-05
Benz[a]anthracene
56553
3.54E-07
Reference 2
20,000,000
3.54E-06
Benzo [b] fluoranthene
205992
1.33E-07
Reference 2
20,000,000
1.33E-06
Chrysene
218019
6.63E-08
Reference 2
20,000,000
6.63E-07
Fluoranthene
206440
5.30E-07
Reference 2
20,000,000
5.30E-06
Fluorene
86737
6.32E-06
Reference 2
20,000,000
6.32E-05
Lead
7439921
3.50E-04
Reference 3
3.50E-01
20,000,000
3.50E+00
Naphthalene
91203
1.67E-05
Reference 2
20,000,000
1.67E-04
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
2.30E-03
Reference 5
2.30E+00
20,000,000
2.30E+01
Phenanthrene
85018
4.66E-06
Reference 2
20,000,000
4.66E-05
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
2.00E-02
Reference 4
2.00E+01
20,000,000
2.00E+02
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
2.00E-02
Reference 4
2.00E+01
20,000,000
2.00E+02
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
2.00E-02
Reference 4
2.00E+01
20,000,000
2.00E+02
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
2.00E-02
Reference 4
2.00E+01
20,000,000
2.00E+02
Pyrene
129000
6.63E-07
Reference 2
20,000,000
6.63E-06
1 All emission factors reported in lb/103 barrels except lead, NOx, and PM10-FIL, which are reported in lb/barrel.
2 Emission factors for PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL are not available. The PM25-PRI emission factor was set equal to the PM10-
PRI emission factor, and the PM25-FIL emission factor was set equal to the PM10-FIL emission factor.
Sample Calculation: Acenaphthene
lb 3
Emission Factor (— ) * 2002 Activity (\0 barrels)
^ . 10 barrel
Emissions = —
2000 lb/ton
lb
2.85E - 06— - * 20,000 103barrels
Emissions = ——arre „ = 2.85E - 05 tons
2000 lb / ton
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
A-37 Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
DRUM AND BARREL RECLAMATION (continued)
SCC: 2461160000
References
1. C.L. Pettit, Director, Regulatory & Technical Affairs, Reusable Industrial Packaging Association. Personal
communication with Holly Lindquist, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. November, 2003.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998 Locating and Estimating Air Emissions From Sources of
Polycyclic Organic Matter. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC. 3.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998 Locating and Estimating Air Emissions From Sources of Lead
and Lead Compounds. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) System. Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC, accessed 2002.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1990 Emissions Inventory of Section 112(c)(6) Pollutants:
Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM), 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/2,3,7,8-
Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds (PCBs), Hexachlorobenzene,
Mercury, and Alkylated Lead. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC.
1998.
A-38
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: ANTHRACITE AND
BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
SCCs: 2103001000 and 2103002000
The mass of coal consumed by commercial/institutional combustion in the U.S. was used to estimate emissions.
Coal consumption by energy use sector is presented in State Energy Data 2001 consumption tables published by the
Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Year 2001 consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions
because year 2001 data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Due to
the potential inclusion of point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions
data were used to back-calculate throughput associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was
then subtracted from the 2001 EIA State-level total fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point
source activity is not being included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point
source throughput estimation methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
EIA data do not distinguish between anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal consumption estimates. The EIA
table "Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 2001," provides State-level residential and
commercial coal distribution data for 2001 that were used to develop separate estimates of anthracite and
bituminous/subbituminous coal consumption.2 The residential and commercial sectors were combined in the EIA
table. The 2001 ratio of anthracite (and bituminous/subbituminous) coal consumption to total coal consumption was
used to distribute the EIA's total commercial/institutional sector coal consumption data by coal type. Table 1
presents the 2001 anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal ratios for each State.
Table 1. 2001 Anthracite and Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Distribution for the
Residential and Commercial Sectors
Ratio of
Ratio of
Bituminous/
Ratio of
Bituminous/
Ratio of
State
Subbituminous
Anthracite
State
Subbituminous
Anthracite
Alaska
1
0
Montana
1
0
Alabama
1
0
North Carolina
1
0
Arkansas
0
0
North Dakota
1
0
Arizona
1
0
Nebraska
1
0
California
0
0
New Hampshire
0
1
Colorado
0.976
0.024
New Jersey
0
1
Connecticut
0
1
New Mexico
1
0
District of Columbia
1
0
Nevada
1
0
Delaware
0
1
New York
0.667
0.333
Florida
1
0
Ohio
0.978
0.022
Georgia
1
0
Oklahoma
1
0
Hawaii
0
0
Oregon
0
0
Iowa
1
0
Pennsylvania
0.424
0.576
Idaho
1
0
Rhode Island
0
1
Illinois
1
0
South Carolina
0
0
Indiana
0.964
0.036
South Dakota
1
0
Kansas
0
0
Tennessee
1
0
Kentucky
1
0
Texas
1
0
Louisiana
0
0
Utah
1
0
Massachusetts
0.375
0.625
Virginia
1
0
Maryland
0.974
0.026
Vermont
1
Maine
0
1
Washington
1
0
Michigan
0.889
0.111
Wisconsin
1
0
Minnesota
1
0
West Virginia
0.979
0.021
Missouri
1
0
Wyoming
1
0
Mississippi
0
0
A-39
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: ANTHRACITE AND
BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2103001000 and 2103002000
State-level coal consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment data
forNAICS codes 42, 44-45, 51-54, 56, 61-62, 71-72, and 81.3 This allocation specifically used the ratio of the
number of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of commercial/institutional
sector employees in each State. Year 2001 employment data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because year
2001 data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Refer to Appendices
B and C for more details on the allocation.
In some cases (see Table 2 below), S02, PM10, and PM2 5 emission factors required information on the sulfur and/or
ash content of the coal burned. State-specific sulfur and ash contents of anthracite and sulfur contents of
bituminous/subbituminous coal were obtained from data compiled in preparing 1999 residential coal combustion
emissions inventory estimates.4 This study mostly relied on data obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's
COALQUAL database. States not included in the database but that reported coal usage were assigned values based
on their proximity to coal seams or using an average value for Pennsylvania (see 1999 inventory report for details of
the analysis). Table 3 presents the bituminous/subbituminous coal sulfur content values used for each State. For
anthracite coal, an ash content value of 13.38 and a sulfur content of 0.89 were applied to all States except New
Mexico (ash content 16.61%, sulfur content 0.77%), Washington (ash content 12%, sulfur content 0.9%), and
Virginia (ash content 13.38%, sulfur content 0.43%).
Table 2. S02 and PM Emission Factors for Commercial/Institutional
Anthracite and Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion
Pollutant Description
and NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
(lb/ton)
AP-42 Table
Anthracite Emission Factors (SCC 2103001000)
PM-CON
0.08
1.2-3
PM10-FIL
1.1 * % Ash
1.2-4
PM25-FIL
0.48 * % Ash
1.2-4
PM10-PRI
1.1 *% Ash + 0.08
1.2-3 and 1.2-4
PM25-PRI
0.48 * % Ash + 0.08
1.2-3 and 1.2-4
S02
39 * % Sulfur
1.2-1
Bituminous/Subbituminous Emission Factors (SCC 2103002000)
PM-CON
1.04
1.1-5
PM10-FIL
12
1.1-9
PM25-FIL
1.4
1.1-9
PM10-PRI
13.04
1.1-5 and 1.1-9
PM25-PRI
2.44
1.1-5 and 1.1-9
S02
38 * % Sulfur
1.1-3
Note: PM10, PM2 5, and condensible PM emission factors for bituminous/
subbituminous coal do not require ash content, nor does the condensible
PM emission factor for anthracite coal.
A-40
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: ANTHRACITE AND
BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2103001000 and 2103002000
Table 3. State-Specific Sulfur Content for Bituminous/Sub bituminous Coal (SCC 2103002000)
Percent Sulfur
Percent Sulfur
State
Content
State
Content
Alabama
2.08
Montana
0.60
Alaska
0.31
Nebraska
2.43
Arizona
0.47
Nevada
2.30
Arkansas
1.20
New Hampshire
2.42
California
0.47
New Jersey
2.42
Colorado
0.61
New Mexico
0.75
Connecticut
2.42
New York
2.42
Delaware
1.67
North Carolina
1.62
District of Columbia
1.67
North Dakota
0.97
Florida
1.28
Ohio
3.45
Georgia
1.28
Oklahoma
3.08
Hawaii
1.00
Oregon
0.50
Idaho
0.31
Pennsylvania
2.42
Illinois
3.48
Rhode Island
2.42
Indiana
2.49
South Carolina
1.28
Iowa
4.64
South Dakota
0.97
Kansas
5.83
Tennessee
1.62
Kentucky
1.93
Texas
1.14
Louisiana
0.86
Utah
0.80
Maine
2.42
Vermont
2.42
Maryland
1.67
Virginia
1.19
Massachusetts
2.42
Washington
0.50
Michigan
1.20
West Virginia
1.25
Minnesota
0.97
Wisconsin
1.00
Mississippi
1.24
Wyoming
0.87
Missouri
3.39
PM10-FIL/PRI and PM25-FIL/PRI emission factors for Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal are based on
boilers controlled by multiple cyclones. Control efficiency table records were added to the NEI using the primary
device type code 121 (multiple cyclones). Due to a lack of control efficiency data, the control efficiency fields were
left blank in the NEI.
PM10-FIL/PRI and PM25-FIL/PRI emission factors for Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal
are based on boilers controlled by multiple cyclone with fly ash reinjection. CE records were added to the NEI using
the primary device type code 077 (multiple cyclone with fly ash reinjection). Due to a lack of control efficiency
data, the control efficiency fields were left blank in the NEI.
CAP and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total annual coal consumption in each county by an
emission factor. All emission factors, except for Ammonia, are from AP-42.5 Ammonia emission factors are from
EPA's Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report6 Some AP-42 HAP
emission factors were updated based on current information supplied by EPA.7 The HAP's were: Arsenic,
Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Formaldehyde, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, and Nickel. The emission factors
table in Appendix C contains a field called "EFs Updated Sept05." HAP emission factors that were updated are
marked in this field with an "X." Table 4 presents a summary of emission factors, total national commercial/
institutional anthracite coal consumption, and associated national emissions (SCC 2103001000). Table 5 presents a
summary of emission factors, total national commercial/institutional bituminous/subbituminous coal consumption,
and associated national emissions (SCC 2103002000). For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI),
A-41
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: ANTHRACITE AND
BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2103001000 and 2103002000
commercial/institutional coal combustion emissions were estimated, but these emissions are not represented in the
Table 4 and 5 totals (see section 2.5 of this report for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
Table 4. National Criteria and HAP Emissions Summary for Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal
Combustion (SCC 2103001000): Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
NIF 3.0
Emission
National
National
Pollutant
Factor
Throughput
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Codes
(lb/ton)
Emission Factor Reference
(tons)
(tons/year)
Ammonia
NH,
0.030
Reference 6
319,378.88
4.79E+00
Arsenic
7440382
0.00041
Reference 7
319,378.88
6.55E-02
Beryllium
7440417
0.00021
Reference 7
319,378.88
3.35E-03
Biphenyl
92524
0.025
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-5)
319,378.88
3.99E+00
Cadmium
7440439
5.10e-05
Reference 7
319,378.88
8.14E-03
Carbon Monoxide
CO
0.6
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-2)
319,378.88
9.58E+01
Chromium
7440473
0.00026
Reference 7
319,378.88
4.15E-02
Lead
7439921
0.00042
Reference 7
319,378.88
6.71E-02
Manganese
7439965
0.00049
Reference 7
319,378.88
7.82E-02
Mercury
7439976
0.000083
Reference 7
319,378.88
1.33E-02
Naphthalene
91203
0.13
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-5)
319,378.88
2.08E+01
Nickel
7440020
0.00028
Reference 7
319,378.88
4.47E-02
Nitrogen Oxides
noy
9
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-1)
319,378.88
1.44E+03
Phenanthrene
85018
0.0068
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-5)
319,378.88
1.09E+00
PM-CON
PM-CON
0.08
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-3)
319,378.88
1.28E+01
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.1* State-
specific %
ash content
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-4)
319,378.88
2.35E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
0.48*State-
specific %
ash content
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-4)
319,378.88
1.03E+03
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
1.1* State-
specific %
ash content +
0.08
Reference 5 (Tables 1.2-3 and
1.2-4)
319,378.88
2.36E+03
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
0.48*State-
specific %
ash content +
0.08
Reference 5 (Tables 1.2-3 and
1.2-4)
319,378.88
1.04E+03
Selenium
7782492
0.0013
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-7)
319,378.88
2.08E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
39*State-
specific %
sulfur
content
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-1)
319,378.88
5.54E+03
Volatile Organic
voc
0.3
Reference 5 (Table 1.2-6)
319,378.88
4.79E+01
Compounds
A-42
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: ANTHRACITE AND
BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2103001000 and 2103002000
Table 5. National Criteria and HAP Emissions Summary for Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/
Subbituminous Coal Combustion (SCC 2103002000): Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
(lb/ton)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput (tons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Ammonia
NH,
0.030
Reference 6
2,128,165.29
3.19E+01
Arsenic
7440382
0.00041
Reference 7
2,128,165.29
4.36E-01
Cadmium
7440439
0.00051
Reference 7
2,128,165.29
5.43E-02
Carbon Monoxide
CO
5
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-3)
2,128,165.29
5.32E+03
Chromium
7440473
0.00026
Reference 7
2,128,165.29
2.77E-01
Formaldehyde
50000
0.00024
Reference 7
2,128,165.29
2.55E-01
Hydrochloric Acid
7647010
1.2
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-15)
2,128,165.29
1.28E+03
Hydrogen Fluoride
7664393
0.15
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-15)
2,128,165.29
1.60E+02
Lead
7439921
0.00042
Reference 7
2,128,165.29
4.47E-01
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
11
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-3)
2,128,165.29
1.17E+04
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.04
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-5)
2,128,165.29
1.11E+03
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
12
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-9)
2,128,165.29
1.28E+04
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
1.4
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-9)
2,128,165.29
1.49E+03
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
13.04
Reference 5 (Tables
1.1-5 and 1.1-9)
2,128,165.29
1.39E+04
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
2.44
Reference 5 (Tables
1.1-5 and 1.1-9)
2,128,165.29
2.60E+03
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
3 8* State-specific
% sulfur content
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-3)
2,128,165.29
6.74E+04
Volatile Organic
Compounds
VOC
0.05
Reference 5 (Table
1.1-19)
2,128,165.29
5.32E+01
A-43
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: ANTHRACITE AND
BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2103001000 and 2103002000
Example Calculation:
Emission Factor
V ton coal
x National Activity
tons coal burned
National Emissions
year
ton
\3E - 03 lb
x 319,378.88 tons
ton
National selenium emissions from anthracite coal combusion
lb
2000
2.08E - 01 tons
ton
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, DC 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_use_cl.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). "Domestic and Foreign Distribution
of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 2001." Washington, DC. Internet Address:
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/coal/coaldistrib/distables.pdf, accessed November 2004.
3. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_
residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
7. Porter, Fred. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. HAP Emission Factors for Industrial Boilers.
Received from ERG via email on September 15, 2005.
A-44
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: DISTILLATE OIL
SCC: 2103004000
The State-level volume of distillate oil consumed by the commercial/institutional sector was used to estimate
emissions. Distillate oil consumption by energy use sector is available from State Energy Data 2001 consumption
tables published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Because 2002 consumption data were not yet
available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004, year 2001 consumption data were used to estimate
2002 emissions. Due to the potential inclusion of point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point
source CO emissions data were used to back-calculate throughput associated with the point sources. State-level point
source throughput was then subtracted from the 2001 EIA State-level fuel consumption data. This adjustment
ensures that any point source activity is not being included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4
describes the point source throughput estimation methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level distillate oil consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment
data for NAICS codes 42, 44-45, 51-54, 56, 61-62, 71-72, and 81.2 This allocation procedure used the ratio of the
number of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of commercial/institutional
sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001
data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and
C for more details on the allocation.
Criteria pollutant emission factors for distillate oil were taken from AP-42.3 For all counties in the United States,
the distillate oil consumed by commercial/institutional combustion is assumed to be No. 2 fuel oil with a heating
value of 140,000 Btu per gallon and a sulfur content of 0.30%.4 HAP emission factors are from "Documentation for
the 1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants."5 The
ammonia emission factor is from EPA's Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final
Report.6
County-level pollutant emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source distillate oil consumed in each
county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that displays the
emissions factors, volume of nonpoint source distillate oil burned, and national nonpoint emissions from
commercial/institutional combustion of distillate oil. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI),
commercial/institutional distillate oil combustion emissions were estimated, but the emissions are not included in
Table 1 (see section 3.5 of the report for the draft 2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI
emissions).
Table 1. National Emissions Summary for Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Combustion:
Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Emission
Factor
National
NIF 3.0
(lb/thousa
Throughput
National
Pollutant
nd
Emission Factor
(thousands of
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
gallons)
Reference
gallons)
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
0.000021
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
3.32E-02
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.52E-07
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
3.98E-04
Acetaldehyde
75070
0.0049
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
7.75E+00
Ammonia
nh3
0.8
Reference 6
3,162,524.70
1.27E+03
Anthracene
120127
1.218e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
1.93E-03
Arsenic
7440382
0.00056
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
8.86E-01
B enz [a] Anthracene
56553
4.06e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
6.42E-03
Benzene
71432
0.00021
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
3.32E-01
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene
102
1.54e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
2.44E-03
Benzo|g,h,i,lPerylene
191242
2.24e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
3.54E-03
Beryllium
7440417
4.20e-04
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
6.64E-01
Cadmium
7440439
4.20e-04
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
6.64E-01
Carbon Monoxide
CO
5
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
3,162,524.70
7.91E+03
A-45
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: DISTILLATE OIL (continued)
SCC: 2103004000
Table 1 (continued)
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Emission
Factor
(lb/thousa
nd
gallons)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(thousands of
gallons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Chromium
7440473
4.20e-04
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
6.64E-01
Chrysene
218019
2.38e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
3.76E-03
Dibenzo [a,h] Anthracene
53703
1.68e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
2.66E-03
Fluoranthene
206440
4.90e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
7.75E-03
Fluorene
86737
4.48e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
7.08E-03
Formaldehyde
50000
0.0336
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
5.31E+01
Indeno [1,2,3-c,dlPyrene
193395
2.10e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
3.32E-03
Lead
7439921
0.00126
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
1.99E+00
Manganese
7439965
0.00084
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
1.33E+00
Mercury
7439976
0.00042
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
6.64E-01
Naphthalene
91203
0.001134
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
1.79E+00
Nickel
7440020
0.00042
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
6.64E-01
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
20
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
3,162,524.70
3.16E+04
Phenanthrene
85018
1.05e-05
Reference 6
3,162,524.70
1.66E-02
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.3
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-2)
3,162,524.70
2.06E+03
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.08
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-7)
3,162,524.70
1.71E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
0.83
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-7)
3,162,524.70
1.31E+03
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
2.38
Reference 3 (Tables
1.3-2 and 1.3-7)
3,162,524.70
3.76E+03
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
2.13
Reference 3 (Tables
1.3-2 and 1.3-7)
3,162,524.70
3.37E+03
Pyrene
129000
4.20e-06
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
6.64E-03
Selenium
7782492
0.0021
Reference 5
3,162,524.70
3.32E+00
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
142* %
sulfur
content
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
3,162,524.70
6.74E+04
Volatile Organic
Compounds
voc
0.34
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-3)
3,162,524.70
5.38E+02
A-46
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: DISTILLATE OIL (continued)
SCC: 2103004000
Example Calculation:
National Emissions
(tons I _
year J
_ . . „ / lb \ OAAMMBtu 1000gallons ... , . . . / thousands of gal oil burned \
h,mission t actor I Ix x 2 x National Activity I I
\MMBtuOilJ gal Ithousand gallons \ year I
2000 —
ton
National selenium emissions =
\.5E - 05 lb QIAMMBtu 1000gallons , ,
x x 5 x 3,162,524.70 thousand gal
MMBtu gallon Ithousand gallons
j- = 3.32E - 00 tons
2000 —
ton
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_use_df.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_
residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
A-47
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: KEROSENE
SCC: 2103011000
The State-level volume of kerosene consumed by the commercial/institutional sector was used to estimate emissions.
Kerosene consumption by energy use sector is available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA).1
Because 2002 consumption was not yet available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004, year 2001
consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions. Due to the potential inclusion of point source fuel
consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions data were used to back-calculate throughput
associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was then subtracted from the 2001 EIA State-
level fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point source activity is not being included in the
nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point source throughput estimation methods used in
this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level kerosene consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment
data for NAICS codes 42, 44-45, 51-54, 56, 61-62, 71-72, and 81.2 This allocation procedure used the ratio of the
number of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of commercial/institutional
sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001
data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and
C for more details on the allocation.
Distillate oil emission factors were multiplied by a factor of 135/140 to convert them for use as kerosene emission
factors. This factor is based on the ratio of the heat content of kerosene (135,000 Btu/gallon) to the heat content of
distillate oil (140,000 Btu/gallon).3 Distillate oil criteria pollutant emission factors were taken from AP-42.4 HAP
emission factors are from "Documentation for the 1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission
Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants."5 A distillate oil sulfur content of 0.30% was used for kerosene.3 The
ammonia emission factor is from EPA's Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final
Report.6
County-level pollutant emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source kerosene consumed in each county
per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that displays the emissions
factors, volume of nonpoint source kerosene burned, and national nonpoint emissions from commercial/institutional
combustion of kerosene. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI), commercial/institutional kerosene
combustion emissions were estimated, but the emissions are not included in Table 1 (see section 3.5 of the report for
the draft 2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
Table 1. National Emissions Summary for Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Combustion:
Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Emission
Factor
(lb/thousand
gallons)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(thousands of
gallons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
2.025e-05
Reference 5
230,093.70
2.33E-03
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.43e-07
Reference 5
230,093.70
2.80E-05
Acetaldehyde
75070
0.004725
Reference 5
230,093.70
5.44E-01
Ammonia
NH,
0.80
Reference 6
230,093.70
8.88E+01
Anthracene
120127
1.1745e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
1.35E-04
Arsenic
7440382
0.00054
Reference 5
230,093.70
6.21E-02
B enz [a] Anthracene
56553
3.915e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
4.50E-04
Benzene
71432
0.0002025
Reference 5
230,093.70
2.33E-02
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene
102
1.485e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
1.71E-04
Benzo|g,h,i,lPerylene
191242
2.16e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
2.49E-04
Beryllium
7440417
0.000405
Reference 5
230,093.70
4.66E-02
Cadmium
7440439
0.000405
Reference 5
230,093.70
4.66E-02
Carbon Monoxide
CO
4.821428571
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-1)
230,093.70
5.55E+02
Chromium
7440473
0.000405
Reference 5
230,093.70
4.66E-02
A-48
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: KEROSENE (continued)
SCC: 2103011000
Table 1 (continued)
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Emission
Factor
(lb/thousand
gallons)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(thousands of
gallons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Chrysene
218019
2.295e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
2.64E-04
Dibenzo [a,h] Anthracene
53703
1.62e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
1.86E-04
Fluoranthene
206440
4.725e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
5.44E-04
Fluorene
86737
4.32e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
4.97E-04
Formaldehyde
50000
0.0324
Reference 5
230,093.70
3.73E+00
Indeno [1,2,3-c,dlPyrene
193395
0.000002025
Reference 5
230,093.70
2.33E-04
Lead
7439921
0.001215
Reference 5
230,093.70
1.40E-01
Manganese
7439965
0.00081
Reference 5
230,093.70
9.32E-02
Mercury
7439976
0.000405
Reference 5
230,093.70
4.66E-02
Naphthalene
91203
0.0010935
Reference 5
230,093.70
1.26E-01
Nickel
7440020
0.000405
Reference 5
230,093.70
4.66E-02
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
19.28571429
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-1)
230,093.70
2.22E+03
Phenanthrene
85018
0.000010125
Reference 6
230,093.70
1.16E-03
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.253571429
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-2)
230,093.70
1.44E+02
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.041428571
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-7)
230,093.70
1.20E+02
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
0.800357143
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-7)
230,093.70
9.21E+01
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
2.295
Reference 4
(Tables 1.3-2 and
1.3-7)
230,093.70
2.64E+02
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
2.053928572
Reference 4
(Tables 1.3-2 and
1.3-7)
230,093.70
2.36E+02
Pyrene
129000
4.05e-06
Reference 5
230,093.70
4.66E-04
Selenium
7782492
0.002025
Reference 5
230,093.70
2.33E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
142 * % sulfur
content
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-1)
230,093.70
4.73E+03
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
0.327857143
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-3)
230,093.70
3.77E+01
A-49
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: KEROSENE (continued)
SCC: 2103011000
Example Calculation:
( lbs ) ( lb \ lAmillionBtu 1000 gallons
National Emissions = Distillate Emission Factor x x x
Vyear) KmillionBtuJ gallon 1 thousand gallons
(135^1 f 1000 barrels] \ton
n\ x National Activity -
Distillate to Kerosene Conversion] x National Activity x
V140/ v year ) 2000 lbs
1.5E-05/6 0. \A million Btu 1000 gallons
National Selenium Emissions = x x —-
1 million Btu gallon 1 thousand gallons
135 1 ton
x x 230,093.70 thousandsof gallons x — = 2.33E- 01 tons
140 J s 2000 lbs
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_ks.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_residfuel_
inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
A-50
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
SCC: 2103007000
Commercial/institutional liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) combustion emissions were calculated using the volume of
LPG consumed in the United States. State-level LPG consumption by sector is available from the Energy
Information Administration (EIA).1 Year 2001 consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because
these were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Due to the potential
inclusion of point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions data were used
to back-calculate throughput associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was then subtracted
from the 2001 EIA State-level fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point source activity is not
being included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point source throughput
estimation methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level LPG consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment data
forNAICS codes 42, 44-45, 51-54, 56, 61-62, 71-72, and 81.2 This allocation procedure used the ratio of the number
of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of commercial/institutional sector
employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001 data
were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and C
for more details on the allocation.
Pollutant emission factors for commercial/institutional LPG combustion are based on the commercial/institutional
natural gas combustion emission factors.3'4,5'6 For all counties in the United States, the natural gas consumed by
commercial/institutional combustion is assumed to have a heating value of 1,050 Btu per cubic foot and a sulfur
content of 2,000 grains per million cubic feet.3 Natural gas emission factors originally presented in the units
"pounds per million cubic feet" were converted to energy-based units using the 1,050 Btu/cubic foot conversion
factor. Once all the natural gas emission factors were converted to energy-based units, the natural gas emission
factors were converted to LPG emission factors by multiplying by 91,330 Btu/gallon.7 See Appendix C for each step
in the natural gas-to-LPG emission factor conversion process.
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source LPG consumed
in each county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that displays the
emission factors, volume of nonpoint source LPG burned, and national nonpoint criteria pollutant and HAP
emissions from commercial/institutional combustion of LPG. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI),
commercial/institutional LPG combustion emissions were estimated, but the emissions are not included in Table 1
(see section 3.5 of the report for the draft 2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
A-51
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
(continued)
SCC: 2103007000
Table 1. National Criteria Pollutant and HAP Emissions Summary for Commercial/Institutional LPG
Combustion: Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Emission
National
NIF 3.0
Factor
Throughput
National
Pollutant
(lb/thousands
Emission Factor
(thousands of
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
of barrels)
Reference
barrels)
(tons/year)
Acetaldehyde
75070
4.98662e-05
Reference 4
24,772.86
6.18E-04
Ammonia
NH,
0.49
Reference 6
24,772.86
2.22E+01
Benzene
71432
0.00767172
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
9.50E-02
1.4-3)
Carbon Monoxide
CO
306.8688
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
3.80E+03
1.4-1)
Fluoranthene
206440
1.15076e-05
Reference 4
24,772.86
1.43E-04
Fluorene
86737
1.07404e-05
Reference 4
24,772.86
1.33E-04
Formaldehyde
50000
0.2876895
Reference 4
24,772.86
3.56E+00
Lead
7439921
0.0018266
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
2.26E-02
1.4-2)
Naphthalene
91203
0.002339875
Reference 4
24,772.86
2.90E-02
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
365.32
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
4.53E+03
1.4-1)
Phenanthrene
85018
6.52096e-05
Reference 4
24,772.86
8.08E-04
PM-CON
PM-CON
20.82324
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
2.58E+02
1.4-2)
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
6.94108
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
8.60E+01
1.4-2)
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
6.94108
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
8.60E+01
1.4-2)
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
27.76432
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
3.44E+02
1.4-2)
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
27.76432
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
3.44E+02
1.4-2)
Pyrene
129000
1.91793e-05
Reference 4
24,772.86
2.38E-04
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
2.19192
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
2.72E+01
1.4-2)
Volatile Organic
VOC
20.0926
Reference 3 (Table
24,772.86
2.49E+02
Compounds
1.4-2)
A-52
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
(continued)
SCC: 2103007000
Example Calculation:
(lb } 91,330 million Btu
National Emissions = Natural Gas Emission Factor x x
V million Btu J million gallons (LPG)
42gallons lmillionbarrels , . (thousandbarrels | 1 ton
x x National Activity x
barrel 1000/nous andbarrels v year J 2,000lbs
2$>E-Q9lb 91,330million Btu Mgallons lmillionbarrels
x x x X
million Btu million gallons barrel \000thousandbarrels
1 ton
0.266lbs x — = 1.33i? - 04tons
2000lbs
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_lg.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_
residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
7. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, 2001 Glossary, available from
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/glossary.html, accessed September 2004.
National fluorene emissions =
24,772.86 million cubic feet
year
A-53
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: NATURAL GAS
SCC: 2103006000
The State-level volume of natural gas consumed by the commercial/institutional sector was used to estimate
emissions. Natural gas consumption by energy use sector is available from State Energy Data 2001 consumption
tables published by the EIA.1 Year 2001 consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because these data
were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Due to the potential inclusion of
point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions data were used to back-
calculate throughput associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was then subtracted from the
2001 EIA State-level fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point source activity is not being
included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point source throughput estimation
methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level natural gas consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment
data for NAICS codes 42, 44-45, 51-54, 56, 61-62, 71-72, and 81.2 This allocation procedure used the ratio of the
number of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of commercial/institutional
sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001
data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and
C for more details on the allocation.
Criteria pollutant emission factors for natural gas were taken from AP-42.3 HAP emission factors are from AP-42
and "Documentation for the 1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air
Pollutants."4 According to AP-42, natural gas has a heat content of 1,050 million Btus per million cubic feet.3 This
value was used to convert emission factors originally specified as "pounds per million Btu" to units of "pounds per
million cubic feet." Natural gas is also assumed to have a sulfur content of 2,000 grains per million cubic feet.5 The
ammonia emission factor is from EPA's Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft
Report.6
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source natural gas
consumed in each county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that
displays the emissions factors, volume of nonpoint source natural gas burned, and national nonpoint criteria pollutant
and HAP emissions from commercial/institutional combustion of natural gas. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S.
Virgin Islands (VI), commercial/institutional natural gas combustion emissions were estimated, but the emissions are
not included in Table 1 (see section 3.5 of the report for the draft 2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR
and VI emissions).
A-54
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: NATURAL GAS (continued)
SCC: 2103006000
Table 1. National Criteria Pollutant and HAP Emissions Summary for Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas
Combustion: Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Emission
National
NIF 3.0
Factor
Throughput
National
Pollutant
(lb/million
Emission Factor
(millions of
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
cubic feet)
Reference
cubic feet)
(tons/year)
Acetaldehyde
75070
0.00001365
Reference 4
2,401,728
1.64E-02
Ammonia
NH,
0.49
Reference 6
2,401,728
5.88E+02
Benzene
71432
0.0021
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
2.52E+00
1.4-3)
Carbon Monoxide
CO
84
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
1.01E+05
1.4-1)
Fluoranthene
206440
3.15e-06
Reference 4
2,401,728
3.78E-03
Fluorene
86737
2.94e-06
Reference 4
2,401,728
3.53E-03
Formaldehyde
50000
0.07875
Reference 4
2,401,728
9.46E+01
Lead
7439921
0.0005
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
6.00E-01
1.4-2)
Naphthalene
91203
0.0006405
Reference 4
2,401,728
7.69E-01
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
100
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
1.20E+05
1.4-1)
Phenanthrene
85018
0.00001785
Reference 4
2,401,728
2.14E-02
PM-CON
PM-CON
5.7
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
2.28E+03
1.4-2)
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.9
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
9.13E+03
1.4-2)
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
1.9
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
2.28E+03
1.4-2)
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
7.6
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
9.13E+03
1.4-2)
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
7.6
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
6.84E+03
1.4-2)
Pyrene
129000
5.25e-06
Reference 4
2,401,728
6.30E-03
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
0.6
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
7.21E+02
1.4-2)
Volatile Organic
VOC
5.5
Reference 3 (Table
2,401,728
6.60E+03
Compounds
1.4-2)
A-55
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: NATURAL GAS (continued)
SCC: 2103006000
Example Calculation:
_ _ ( lb \ 1050 MMBtu I million fr* nat gas
Emission Factor I I x x National Activity I
\ MMBtu j milHon fl3 \ year
' m
National Emissions ( *°nS I = -n—
\year J 2000 —
ton
2.8E - 09 lb \Q5QMMBtu -i
— x x 2,401,728 million ft
MMBtu million ft
National fluorene emissions = = 3.53E - 03 tons
tons
2000
yr
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_use_ng.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_
residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
A-56
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: RESIDUAL OIL
SCC: 2103005000
The volume of residual oil consumed by the commercial/institutional sector in the U.S. was used to estimate
emissions. Residual oil consumption by energy use sector is available from State Energy Data 2001 consumption
tables published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Year 2001 consumption data were used to
estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001 data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in
November 2004. Due to the potential inclusion of point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI
point source CO emissions data were used to back-calculate throughput associated with point sources. State-level
point source throughput was then subtracted from the 2001 EIA State-level fuel consumption data. This adjustment
ensures that any point source activity is not being included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4
describes the point source throughput estimation methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level residual oil consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment
data for NAICS codes 42, 44-45, 51-54, 56, 61-62, 71-72, and 81.2 This allocation procedure used the ratio of the
number of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of commercial/institutional
sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001
data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and
C for more details on the allocation.
Criteria pollutant emission factors for residual oil were taken from AP-42.3 HAP emission factors are from
"Documentation for the 1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air
Pollutants."4 According to AP-42 (page 1.3-8), #4, #5, and #6 residual oil have a heat content of 150 million Btus
per thousand gallons.3 Emission factors that were originally provided on a Btu basis were converted to physical
units using this value. The midpoint of the range of sulfur content values provided in Appendix A of AP-42 (2.25%)
was used in the PM and S02 emission calculations.3 The ammonia emission factor is from EPA's Estimating
Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report,5
County-level pollutant emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source residual oil consumed in each
county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that displays the
emissions factors, volume of nonpoint source residual oil burned, and national nonpoint emissions from commercial/
institutional combustion of residual oil. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI), commercial/
institutional combustion of residual oil emissions were estimated, but the emissions are not included in Table 1 (see
section 3.5 of the report for the draft 2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
A-57
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: RESIDUAL OIL (continued)
SCC: 2103005000
Table 1. National Emissions Summary for Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Combustion:
Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
National
NIF 3.0
Emission
Throughput
National
Pollutant
Emission Factor
Factor
(thousands
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
(lb/thousand gallons)
Reference
of gallons)
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
2.25e-05
Reference 4
327,738.61
3.69E-03
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.70e-07
Reference 4
327,738.61
4.42E-05
Acetaldehyde
75070
0.00525
Reference 4
327,738.61
8.60E-01
Ammonia
NH,
0.8
Reference 5
327,738.61
1.31E+02
Anthracene
120127
1.305e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
2.14E-04
Arsenic
7440382
0.00141
Reference 4
327,738.61
2.31E-01
Ben/|a| Anthracene
56553
4.35e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
7.13E-04
Benzene
71432
0.000225
Reference 4
327,738.61
3.69E-02
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene
102
1.65e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
2.70E-04
Benzo|g,h,i,lPerylene
191242
2.40e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
3.93E-04
Beryllium
7440417
3.00e-05
Reference 4
327,738.61
4.92E-03
Cadmium
7440439
4.20e-04
Reference 4
327,738.61
6.88E-02
Carbon Monoxide
CO
5
Reference 3
(Table 1.3-1)
327,738.61
8.19E+02
Chromium
7440473
0.0009
Reference 4
327,738.61
1.47E-01
Chrysene
218019
2.55e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
4.18E-04
Dibenzo [a,h] Anthracene
53703
1.80e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
2.95E-04
Fluoranthene
206440
5.25e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
8.60E-04
Fluorene
86737
4.80e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
7.87E-04
Formaldehyde
50000
0.036
Reference 4
327,738.61
5.90E+00
Indeno [1,2,3-c,dlPyrene
193395
2.25e-06
Reference 4
327,738.61
3.69E-04
Lead
7439921
0.00165
Reference 4
327,738.61
2.70E-01
Manganese
7439965
0.00315
Reference 4
327,738.61
5.16E-01
Mercury
7439976
0.0001215
Reference 4
327,738.61
1.99E-02
Naphthalene
91203
0.001215
Reference 4
327,738.61
1.99E-01
Nickel
Nickel
0.09
Reference 4
327,738.61
1.47E+01
Nitrogen Oxides
noy
55
Reference 4
327,738.61
9.01E+03
Phenanthrene
85018
1.125e-05
Reference 4
327,738.61
1.84E-03
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.5
Reference 3
(Table 1.3-2)
327,738.61
2.46E+02
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
5.17
* (1.12 * % sulfur
Reference 3
327,738.61
2.45E+03
content + 0.37)
(Table 1.3-7)
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
1.92
* (1.12 * % sulfur
Reference 3
327,738.61
9.09E+02
content + 0.37)
(Table 1.3-7)
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
5.17
* (1.12 * % sulfur
Reference 3
327,738.61
2.69E+03
content + 0.37) + 1.5
(Tables 1.3-2
and 1.3-7)
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
1.92
* (1.12 * % sulfur
Reference 3
327,738.61
1.16E+03
content + 0.37) + 1.5
(Tables 1.3-2
and 1.3-7)
Pyrene
129000
0.0000045
Reference 4
327,738.61
7.37E-04
Selenium
7782492
0.000735
Reference 4
327,738.61
1.20E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
157
% sulfur content
Reference 3
(Table 1.3-1)
327,738.61
5.79E+04
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
1.13
Reference 3
(Table 1.3-3)
327,738.61
1.85E+02
A-58
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL: RESIDUAL OIL (continued)
SCC: 2103005000
Example Calculation:
4.9E-06 lb mMMBtu
x
x 327,138.6\thousand gal
National selenium emissions
MMBtu thousand gallons
1.20E- 01 tons
lb
2000
ton
Emission Factor
MMBtu j thousand gallons
lb \ 150 MMBtu
x National Activity
thousands of gal oil burned
year
National Emissions
15
2000
ton
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_rf.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
A-59
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS
COAL
SCCs: 2102001000 and 2102002000
The mass of coal consumed by industrial combustion sector was used to estimate emissions. Coal consumption by
energy use sector is available from State Energy Data 2001 consumption tables published by the Energy Information
Administration (EIA).1 Year 2001 consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001 data
were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Due to the potential inclusion of
point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions data were used to back-
calculate throughput associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was then subtracted from the
2001 EIA State-level fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point source activity is not being
included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point source throughput estimation
methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
It was determined that for a number of States, the 2001 industrial sector coal consumption data also included coke
consumption in the State. This coke consumption was subtracted from the 2001 data for these particular States. The
EIA only reported 2001 year coke consumption on a national level and for the State of Indiana.2 After subtracting
Indiana's coke consumption from the national total, the remaining coke consumption was allocated to the States
based on the proportion of coke distributed to each State in 2001.3 Table 1 displays the estimated amount of coke
consumed in each State in year 2001.
Table 1. Estimated 2001 Coke Consumption By State
State
2001 Coke
Consumption
(Tons)
Alabama
1,513,047
Illinois
881,059
Indiana
8,100,000
Kentucky
1,101,033
Michigan
1,125,474
New York
736,738
Pennsylvania
8,047,083
Ohio
1,780,740
Utah
592,416
Virginia
1,166,210
West Virginia
1,031,200
EIA data do not distinguish between anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal consumption estimates. The EIA
table "Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 2001," provides State-level industrial coal
distribution data for 2001 that was used to estimate the proportion of coal consumption associated with anthracite
and bituminous/subbituminous coal.4 The 2001 ratio of anthracite (and bituminous/subbituminous) coal
consumption to total coal consumption was used to distribute the EIA's total industrial sector coal consumption data
by coal type. Table 2 presents the 2001 anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal ratios for each State.
A-60
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS
COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2102001000 and 2102002000
Table 2. 2001 Anthracite and Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Distribution for the Industrial Sector
Bituminous/
Bituminous/
Subbituminous
Anthracite
Subbituminous
Anthracite
State
Ratio
Ratio
State
Ratio
Ratio
Alaska
1
0
Montana
0.993
0.007
Alabama
0.9997
0.0003
North Carolina
0.993
0.007
Arkansas
0.973
0.027
North Dakota
1
0
Arizona
1
0
Nebraska
1
0
California
1
0
New Hampshire
0
0
Colorado
0.952
0.048
New Jersey
0.741
0.259
Connecticut
0
0
New Mexico
1
0
District of Columbia
0
0
Nevada
1
0
Delaware
0.958
0.042
New York
0.997
0.003
Florida
1
0
Ohio
0.998
0.002
Georgia
1
0
Oklahoma
1
0
Hawaii
1
0
Oregon
0
0
Iowa
0.985
0.015
Pennsylvania
0.944
0.056
Idaho
1
0
Rhode Island
0
0
Illinois
0.9992
0.0008
South Carolina
0.988
0.012
Indiana
1
0
South Dakota
1
0
Kansas
0.991
0.009
Tennessee
0.996
0.004
Kentucky
0.997
0.003
Texas
0.9998
0.0002
Louisiana
1
0
Utah
1
0
Massachusetts
1
0
Virginia
0.9994
0.0006
Maryland
0.913
0.087
Vermont
0
0
Maine
1
0
Washington
1
0
Michigan
0.9992
0.0008
Wisconsin
0.996
0.004
Minnesota
0.998
0.002
West Virginia
0.996
0.004
Missouri
1
0
Wyoming
0.9994
0.0006
Mississippi
1
0
A-61
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS
COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2102001000 and 2102002000
State-level coal consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment data
for NAICS codes 31-3 3.5 This allocation procedure used the ratio of the number of industrial sector employees in
each county to the total number of industrial sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used
to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001 data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared
in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and C for more details on the allocation.
In some cases (see Table 3 below), S02 and PM emission factors required information on the sulfur or ash content of
the coal burned. Sulfur and ash content values for anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal were obtained from
data compiled in preparing 1999 residential coal combustion emissions estimates.6 This study mostly relied on data
obtained from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) COALQUAL database. States not included in the database but that
reported coal usage were assigned values based on their proximity to coal seams or the average value for
Pennsylvania (see residential coal combustion report for details on these assignments). Table 4 presents the
bituminous/subbituminous coal sulfur content values used for each State. For anthracite coal, an ash content value
of 13.38 and a sulfur content of 0.89 were applied to all States except New Mexico (ash content 16.61%, sulfur
content 0.77%), Washington (ash content 12%, sulfur content 0.9%), and Virginia (sulfur content 0.43%).
Table 3. S02 and PM Emission Factors for Industrial Anthracite and
Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion
Pollutant Description
and NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
(lb/ton)
AP-42 Table
Anthracite Emission Factors (SCC 2102001000)
PM-CON
0.08
1.2-3
PM10-FIL
1.1 * % Ash
1.2-4
PM25-FIL
0.48 * % Ash
1.2-4
PM10-PRI
1.1 *% Ash + 0.08
1.2-3 and 1.2-4
PM25-PRI
0.48 * % Ash + 0.08
1.2-3 and 1.2-4
S02
39 * % Sulfur
1.2-1
Bituminous/Subbituminous Emission Factors (SCC 2102002000)
PM-CON
1.04
1.1-5
PM10-FIL
12
1.1-9
PM25-FIL
1.4
1.1-9
PM10-PRI
13.04
1.1-5 and 1.1-9
PM25-PRI
2.44
1.1-5 and 1.1-9
S02
38 * % Sulfur
1.1-3
Note: PM10, PM2 5, and condensible PM emission factors for bituminous/
subbituminous coal do not require ash content, nor does the condensible
PM emission factor for anthracite coal.
A-62
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS
COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2102001000 and 2102002000
Table 4. State-Specific Sulfur Content for Bituminous/Sub bituminous Coal (SCC 2102002000)
Percent Sulfur
Percent Sulfur
State
Content
State
Content
Alabama
2.08
Montana
0.60
Alaska
0.31
Nebraska
2.43
Arizona
0.47
Nevada
2.30
Arkansas
1.20
New Hampshire
2.42
California
0.47
New Jersey
2.42
Colorado
0.61
New Mexico
0.75
Connecticut
2.42
New York
2.42
Delaware
1.67
North Carolina
1.62
District of Columbia
1.67
North Dakota
0.97
Florida
1.28
Ohio
3.45
Georgia
1.28
Oklahoma
3.08
Hawaii
1.00
Oregon
0.50
Idaho
0.31
Pennsylvania
2.42
Illinois
3.48
Rhode Island
2.42
Indiana
2.49
South Carolina
1.28
Iowa
4.64
South Dakota
0.97
Kansas
5.83
Tennessee
1.62
Kentucky
1.93
Texas
1.14
Louisiana
0.86
Utah
0.80
Maine
2.42
Vermont
2.42
Maryland
1.67
Virginia
1.19
Massachusetts
2.42
Washington
0.50
Michigan
1.20
West Virginia
1.25
Minnesota
0.97
Wisconsin
1.00
Mississippi
1.24
Wyoming
0.87
Missouri
3.39
PM10-FIL/PRI and PM25-FIL/PRI emission factors for Industrial Anthracite Coal are based on boilers controlled by
multiple cyclones. CE records were added to the NEI using the primary device type code 121 (multiple cyclones).
Due to a lack of control efficiency data, the control efficiency fields were left blank in the NEI.
PM10-FIL/PRI and PM25-FIL/PRI emission factors for Industrial Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal are based on
boilers controlled by multiple cyclone with fly ash reinjection. CE records were added to the NEI using the primary
device type code 077 (multiple cyclone with fly ash reinjection). Due to a lack of control efficiency data, the
control efficiency fields were left blank in the NEI.
The remaining criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total coal consumed in each
county per year by an emission factor. Most emission factors were taken from AP-42.7 Ammonia emission factors
were taken from EPA's Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report ,8 Some
HAP emission factors were updated based on current information from EPA.9 The HAP's were: Arsenic,
Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Formaldehyde, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, and Nickel. The emission factors
table in Appendix C contains a field called "EFs Updated Sept05." HAP emission factors that were updated are
marked in this field with an "Sept 2005." Table 5 presents a summary of the emission factors, total nonpoint source
industrial coal consumption, and national nonpoint source emissions from industrial anthracite coal combustion
(SCC 2103001000). Table 6 presents analogous information for industrial bituminous/subbituminous coal
combustion (SCC 2103002000). For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI), industrial coal combustion
emissions
A-63
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS
COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2102001000 and 21020020
were estimated, but these emissions are not included in Tables 5 and 6 (see section 3.5 of the report for the draft
2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
Table 5. National Criteria and HAP Emissions Summary for Industrial Anthracite Coal Combustion
(SCC 2102001000): Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
NIF 3.0
National
Pollutant
Emission
Emission Factor
National
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
Factor (lb/ton)
Reference
Throughput (tons)
(tons/year)
Ammonia
NH,
0.030
Reference 8
109,699.94
1.65E+00
Arsenic
7440382
0.00041
Reference 9
109,699.94
2.25E-02
Beryllium
7440417
0.00021
Reference 9
109,699.94
1.15E-03
Biphenyl
92524
0.025
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-5)
109,699.94
1.37E+00
Cadmium
7440439
5.10e-05
Reference 9
109,699.94
2.80E-03
Carbon Monoxide
CO
0.6
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-2)
109,699.94
3.29E+01
Chromium
7440473
0.00026
Reference 9
109,699.94
1.43E-02
Lead
7439921
0.00042
Reference 9
109,699.94
2.30E-02
Manganese
7439965
0.00049
Reference 9
109,699.94
2.69E-02
Mercury
7439976
8.30e-05
Reference 9
109,699.94
4.55E-03
Naphthalene
91203
0.13
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-5)
109,699.94
7.13E+00
Nickel
7440020
0.00028
Reference 9
109,699.94
1.54E-02
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
9
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-1)
109,699.94
4.94E+02
Phenanthrene
85018
0.0068
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-5)
109,699.94
3.73E-01
PM-CON
PM-CON
0.08
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-3)
109,699.94
4.39E+00
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.1* State-
specific % ash
content
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-4)
109,699.94
8.07E+02
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
0.48*State-
specific % ash
content
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-4)
109,699.94
3.52E+02
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
1.1* State-
specific % ash
content + 0.08
Reference 6
(Tables 1.2-3 and
1.2-4)
109,699.94
8.12E+02
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
0.48*State-
specific % ash
content + 0.08
Reference 6
(Tables 1.2-3 and
1.2-4)
109,699.94
3.57E+02
Selenium
7782492
0.0013
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-7)
109,699.94
7.13E-02
Sulfur Dioxide
so2
39*State-
specific %
sulfur content
Reference 6 (Table
1.2-1)
109,699.94
1.90E+03
Volatile Organic
VOC
0.3
Reference 6 (Table
109,699.94
1.65E+01
Compounds
1.2-6)
A-64
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS
COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2102001000 and 2102002000
Table 6. National Criteria and HAP Emissions Summary for Industrial
Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion
(SCC 2102002000): Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
NIF 3.0
Emission
National
National
Pollutant
Factor
Emission Factor
Throughput
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
(lb/ton)
Reference
(tons)
(tons/year)
Ammonia
NH,
0.030
Reference 7
27,832,191.26
4.17E+02
Arsenic
7440382
0.00041
Reference 9
27,832,191.26
5.71E+00
Cadmium
7440439
0.000051
Reference 9
27,832,191.26
7.10E-01
Carbon Monoxide
CO
5
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-3)
27,832,191.26
6.96E+04
Chromium
7440473
0.00026
Reference 9
27,832,191.26
3.62E+00
Formaldehyde
50000
0.00024
Reference 9
27,832,191.26
3.34E+00
Hydrochloric Acid
7647010
1.2
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-15)
27,832,191.26
1.67E+04
Hydrogen Fluoride
7664393
0.15
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-15)
27,832,191.26
2.09E+03
Lead
7439921
0.00042
Reference 9
27,832,191.26
5.84E+00
Nitrogen Oxides
noy
11
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-3)
27,832,191.26
1.53E+05
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.04
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-5)
27,832,191.26
1.45E+04
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
12
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-9)
27,832,191.26
1.67E+05
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
1.4
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-9)
27,832,191.26
1.95E+04
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
13.04
Reference 6 (Tables 1.1-5
and 1.1-9)
27,832,191.26
1.81E+05
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
2.44
Reference 6 (Tables 1.1-5
and 1.1-9)
27,832,191.26
3.40E+04
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
38*State-
specific %
sulfur content
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-3)
27,832,191.26
8.76E+05
Volatile Organic
VOC
0.05
Reference 6 (Table 1.1-19)
27,832,191.26
6.96E+02
Compounds
A-65
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS
COAL (continued)
SCCs: 2102001000 and 2102002000
Example Calculation:
, lb \ | tons coal burned 1
Emission E actor x National Activity
tons ] V ton coal) V. year )
National Emissions \ = —
year) ^
ton
1.3E - 03 lb
x 109,699.94 tons
National selenium emissions from anthracite coal combustion = r, = 7.13.E - 02 tons
J lb
2000
ton
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, DC 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_use_cl.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. "Annual Coal Report 2002," DOE/EIA-
0584(2002). Washington, DC. Internet Address: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/coal/05842002.pdf,
accessed August 2005.
3. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. "Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by
Distribution State, Consumer, Destination and Method of Transportation, 2001." Washington, DC. Internet
Address: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/coal/coaldistrib/coaldistrib.html, last modified October 12,
2004..
4. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). "Domestic and Foreign Distribution
of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 2001." Washington, DC. Internet Address:
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/coal/coaldistrib/distables.pdf, accessed November 2004.
5. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C 1-EOl-CBPX-Ol-US 1 [Electronic files]. Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_
residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
9. Porter, Fred. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. HAP Emission Factors for Industrial Boilers.
Received from ERG via email on September 15, 2005.
A-66
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: DISTILLATE OIL
SCC: 2102004000
The State-level volume of distillate oil consumed by the industrial sector was used to estimate emissions. Distillate
oil consumption by energy use sector is available from State Energy Data 2001 consumption tables published by the
Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Because 2002 consumption data were not yet available when this
inventory was prepared in November 2004, year 2001 consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions. Due
to the potential inclusion of point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions
data were used to back-calculate throughput associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was
then subtracted from the 2001 EIA State-level fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point source
activity is not being included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point source
throughput estimation methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level distillate oil consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment
data for NAICS codes 31-33.2 This allocation procedure used ratio of the number of industrial sector employees in
each county to the total number of industrial sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used
to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001 data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared
in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and C for more details on the allocation.
Criteria pollutant emission factors for distillate oil were taken from AP-42.3 For all counties in the United States,
the distillate oil consumed by industrial combustion is assumed to be No. 2 fuel oil with a heating value of 140,000
Btu per gallon and a sulfur content of 0.30%.4 HAP emission factors are from "Documentation for the 1999 Base
Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants."5 The ammonia emission
factor is from EPA's Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report.6
County-level pollutant emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source distillate oil consumed in each
county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that displays the
emissions factors, volume of nonpoint source distillate oil burned, and national nonpoint emissions from industrial
combustion of distillate oil. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI), industrial distillate oil
combustion emissions were estimated, but the emissions are not included in Table 1 (see section 3.5 of the report for
the draft 2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
Table 1. National Emissions Summary for Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion:
Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Emission
Factor
(lb/thousand
gallons)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(thousands of
gallons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
2.10e-05
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
7.70E-02
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.52e-07
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
9.25E-04
Acetaldehyde
75070
0.0049
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.80E+01
Ammonia
nh3
0.8
Reference 6
7,337,378.75
2.93E+03
Anthracene
120127
1.218e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
4.47E-03
Arsenic
7440382
5.60e-04
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
2.05E+00
Benzfa] Anthracene
56553
4.06e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.49E-02
Benzene
71432
2.10e-04
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
7.70E-01
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene
102
1.54e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
5.65E-03
Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene
191242
2.24e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
8.22E-03
Beryllium
7440417
4.20e-04
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.54E+00
Cadmium
7440439
4.20e-04
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.54E+00
Carbon Monoxide
CO
5
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
7,337,378.75
1.83E+04
Chromium
7440473
4.20e-04
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.54E+00
Chrysene
218019
2.38e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
8.73E-03
Dibenzo[a,h] Anthracene
53703
1.68e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
6.16E-03
Fluoranthene
206440
4.90e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.80E-02
A-67
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: DISTILLATE OIL (continued)
SCC: 2102004000
Table 1 (continued)
Emission
National
NIF 3.0
Factor
Throughput
National
Pollutant
(lb/thousand
Emission Factor
(thousands of
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
gallons)
Reference
gallons)
(tons/year)
Fluorene
86737
4.48e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.64E-02
Formaldehyde
50000
0.0336
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.23E+02
Indenofl ,2,3-c,d]Pyrene
193395
2.10e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
7.70E-03
Lead
7439921
1.26e-03
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
4.62E+00
Manganese
7439965
8.40e-04
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
3.08E+00
Mercury
7439976
4.20e-04
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.54E+00
Naphthalene
91203
0.001134
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
4.16E+00
Nickel
7440020
0.00042
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.54E+00
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
20
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
7,337,378.75
7.34E+04
Phenanthrene
85018
1.05e-05
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
3.85E-02
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.3
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-2)
7,337,378.75
4.77E+03
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-6)
7,337,378.75
3.67E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
0.25
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-6)
7,337,378.75
9.17E+02
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
2.3
Reference 3
(Tables 1.3-2 and
1.3-6)
7,337,378.75
8.44E+03
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
1.55
Reference 3
(Tables 1.3-2 and
1.3-6)
7,337,378.75
5.69E+03
Pyrene
129000
4.20e-06
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
1.54E-02
Selenium
7782492
0.0021
Reference 5
7,337,378.75
7.70E+00
Sulfur Dioxide
so2
142 * %
sulfur
content
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
7,337,378.75
1.56E+05
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC
0.2
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-3)
7,337,378.75
7.34E+02
A-68
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: DISTILLATE OIL (continued)
SCC: 2102004000
Example Calculation:
National Emissions
(tons \ _
year J
/ lb \ 0.14 MMBtu 1000 gallons ... , . . . (thousands of gal oil burned \
Emission factor I |x x 2 x National Activity I — I
\MMBtuOilJ gal \ thousand gallons \ year I
2000 —
ton
National selenium emissions =
\5E-Q5lb 014MMBtu 1000gallons , ,
x x 2 x 7,337,378.75 thousand gal
MMBtu gallon 1 thousand gallons
- 1 = 7.70E + 00 tons
2000 —
ton
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_use_df.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_
residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
A-69
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: KEROSENE
SCC: 2102011000
The State-level volume of kerosene consumed by the industrial sector was used to estimate emissions. Kerosene
consumption by energy use sector is available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Because 2002
consumption data were not yet available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004, year 2001
consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions. Due to the potential inclusion of point source fuel
consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions data were used to back-calculate throughput
associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was then subtracted from the 2001 EIA State-
level fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point source activity is not being included in the
nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point source throughput estimation methods used in
this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level kerosene consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment
data for NAICS codes 31-33.2 This allocation procedure used ratio of the number of industrial sector employees in
each county to the total number of industrial sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used
to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001 data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared
in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and C for more details on the allocation.
Distillate oil emission factors were multiplied by a factor of 135/140 to convert them for use as kerosene emission
factors. This factor is based on the ratio of the heat content of kerosene (135,000 Btu/gallon) to the heat content of
distillate oil (140,000 Btu/gallon).3 Distillate oil criteria pollutant emission factors were taken from AP-42.4 HAP
emission factors are from "Documentation for the 1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission
Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants."5 A distillate oil sulfur content of 0.30% was used for kerosene.3 The
ammonia emission factor is from EPA's Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final
Report.6
County-level pollutant emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source kerosene consumed in each county
per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that displays the emissions
factors, volume of nonpoint source kerosene burned, and national nonpoint emissions from industrial combustion of
kerosene. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI), industrial kerosene combustion emissions were
estimated, but the emissions are not included in Table 1 (see section 3.5 of the report for the draft 2002 NEI for the
methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
Table 1. National Emissions Summary for Industrial Kerosene Combustion:
Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Emission
Factor
(lb/thousand
gallons)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(thousands of
gallons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
2.025e-05
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.39E-03
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.43e-07
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.67E-05
Acetaldehyde
75070
0.004725
Reference 5
137,062.92
3.24E-01
Ammonia
NH3
0.80
Reference 6
137,062.92
5.29E+01
Anthracene
120127
1.1745e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
8.05E-05
Arsenic
7440382
0.00054
Reference 5
137,062.92
3.70E-02
B enz [a] Anthracene
56553
3.915e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.68E-04
Benzene
71432
0.0002025
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.39E-02
Bcn/o|b+k|Fluoranthcnc
102
1.49e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.02E-04
Benzo|g,h,i,lPerylene
191242
2.16e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.48E-04
Beryllium
7440417
0.000405
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.78E-02
Cadmium
7440439
0.000405
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.78E-02
Carbon Monoxide
CO
4.821428571
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-1)
137,062.92
3.30E+02
Chromium
7440473
0.000405
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.78E-02
Chrvsene
218019
2.30e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.57E-04
A-70
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: KEROSENE (continued)
SCC: 2102011000
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Emission
Factor
(lb/thousand
gallons)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(thousands of
gallons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Dibenzo [a,h] Anthracene
53703
1.62e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.11E-04
Fluoranthene
206440
4.725e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
3.24E-04
Fluorene
86737
4.32e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.96E-04
Formaldehyde
50000
0.0324
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.22E+00
Indeno [1,2,3-c,dlPyrene
193395
2.025e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.39E-04
Lead
7439921
0.001215
Reference 5
137,062.92
8.33E-02
Manganese
7439965
0.00081
Reference 5
137,062.92
5.55E-02
Mercury
7439976
0.000405
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.78E-02
Naphthalene
91203
0.0010935
Reference 5
137,062.92
7.49E-02
Nickel
7440020
0.000405
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.78E-02
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
19.28571429
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-1)
137,062.92
1.32E+03
Phenanthrene
85018
0.000010125
Reference 5
137,062.92
6.94E-04
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.253571429
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-2)
137,062.92
8.59E+01
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
0.964285714
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-6)
137,062.92
6.61E+01
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
0.241071429
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-6)
137,062.92
1.65E+01
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
2.217857143
Reference 4 (Tables
1.3-2 and 1.3-6)
137,062.92
1.52E+02
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
1.494642858
Reference 4 (Tables
1.3-2 and 1.3-6)
137,062.92
1.02E+02
Pyrene
129000
4.05e-06
Reference 5
137,062.92
2.78E-04
Selenium
7782492
0.002025
Reference 5
137,062.92
1.39E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
142 * % sulfur
content
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-1)
137,062.92
2.82E+03
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
0.192857143
Reference 4 (Table
1.3-3)
137,062.92
1.32E+01
Example Calculation:
lbs} f lb ^ AAmillionBtu 1000 gallons
National Emissions \ = Distillate Emission Factor —— x x — — x
. year) V million Btuy gallon 1 thousand gallons
f 135^| f 1000 barrels) I ton
Distillate to Kerosene Conversion x National Activity x
V140/ year J 2000 lbs
References:
1,5E - 05 lb 0.14millionBtu 1000gallons
National Selenium Emissions = x x
ImillionBtu gallon I thousand gallons
135 1 ton
x x 137,062.92 thousandsof gallons x 1.39/•' - 01 tons
140 J s 2000 lbs
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
A-71 Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: KEROSENE (continued)
SCC: 2102011000
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_ks.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_
residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
A-72
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: NATURAL GAS
SCC: 2102006000
The State-level volume of natural gas consumed by the industrial sector was used to estimate emissions. Natural gas
consumption by energy use sector is available from State Energy Data 2001 consumption tables published by the
Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Year 2001 consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions
because these data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Due to the
potential inclusion of point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions data
were used to back-calculate throughput associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was then
subtracted from the 2001 EIA State-level fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point source
activity is not being included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point source
throughput estimation methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level natural gas consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment
data for NAICS codes 31-33.2 This allocation procedure used ratio of the number of industrial sector employees in
each county to the total number of industrial sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were used
to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001 data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared
in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and C for more details on the allocation.
Criteria pollutant emission factors for natural gas were taken from AP-42.3 HAP emission factors are from AP-42
and "Documentation for the 1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air
Pollutants."4 According to AP-42, natural gas has a heat content of 1,050 million Btus per million cubic feet.3 This
value was used to convert emission factors originally specified as "pounds per million Btu" to units of "pounds per
million cubic feet." Natural gas is also assumed to have a sulfur content of 2,000 grains per million cubic feet.5 The
ammonia emission factor is from EPA's Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final
Report.6
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source natural gas
consumed in each county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that
displays the emissions factors, volume of nonpoint source natural gas burned, and national nonpoint criteria pollutant
and HAP emissions from industrial combustion of natural gas. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands
(VI), industrial natural gas combustion emissions were estimated, but the emissions are not included in Table 1 (see
section 3.5 of the report for the draft 2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
Table 1. National Criteria Pollutant and HAP Emissions Summary for Industrial Natural
Gas Combustion: Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Codes
Emission
Factor
(lb/million
cubic feet)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(millions of
cubic feet)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Acetaldehyde
75070
0.00001365
Reference 4
4,776,591
3.26E-02
Ammonia
NH,
3.2
Reference 6
4,776,591
7.64E+03
Benzene
71432
0.0021
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-3)
4,776,591
5.02E+00
Carbon Monoxide
CO
84
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-1)
4,776,591
2.01E+05
Fluoranthene
206440
3.15e-06
Reference 4
4,776,591
7.52E-03
Fluorene
86737
2.94e-06
Reference 4
4,776,591
7.02E-03
Formaldehyde
50000
0.07875
Reference 4
4,776,591
1.88E+02
Lead
7439921
0.0005
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-2)
4,776,591
1.19E+00
Naphthalene
91203
0.0006405
Reference 4
4,776,591
1.53E+00
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
100
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-1)
4,776,591
2.39E+05
Phenanthrene
85018
0.00001785
Reference 4
4,776,591
4.26E-02
A-73
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: NATURAL GAS (continued)
SCC: 2102006000
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Codes
Emission
Factor
(lb/million
cubic feet)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(millions of
cubic feet)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
PM-CON
PM-CON
5.7
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-2)
4,776,591
1.36E+04
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.9
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-2)
4,776,591
4.54E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
1.9
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-2)
4,776,591
4.54E+03
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
7.6
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-2)
4,776,591
1.82E+04
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
7.6
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-2)
4,776,591
1.82E+04
Pyrene
129000
5.25e-06
Reference 4
4,776,591
1.25E-02
Sulfur Dioxide
so2
0.6
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-2)
4,776,591
1.43E+03
Volatile Organic
Compounds
voc
5.5
Reference 3 (Table
1.4-2)
4,776,591
1.31E+04
Example Calculation:
National Emissions 1 *°nS
year
/ lb \ 1,050MMBtu ... , ... I million fP nat gas
Emission factor I I x x National Activity I - 2
\MMBtuJ million ft3 \ year
million ft
2000 —
ton
2.8E - 09 lb l,050MMBtu ?
———— x ~— x 4,776,591 million ft
MMBtu million ft
National fluorene emissions = = 152E - 03 tons
J tons
2000
yr
References:
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
A-74 Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: NATURAL GAS (continued)
SCC: 2102006000
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_use_ng.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September
2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_
residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip, accessed November 2004.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
A-75
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: RESIDUAL OIL
SCC: 2102005000
The volume of residual oil consumed by the industrial sector was used to estimate emissions. Residual oil
consumption by energy use sector is presented in State Energy Data 2001 consumption tables published by the
Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Year 2001 consumption data were used to estimate 2002 emissions
because these data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared in November 2004. Due to the
potential inclusion of point source fuel consumption in the activity, final 2002 NEI point source CO emissions data
were used to back-calculate throughput associated with point sources. State-level point source throughput was then
subtracted from the 2001 EIA State-level fuel consumption data. This adjustment ensures that any point source
activity is not being included in the nonpoint source consumption data. Section 2.8.4 describes the point source
throughput estimation methods used in this point source subtraction procedure.
State-level residual oil consumption was allocated to each county using 2001 County Business Patterns employment
data for NAICS codes 31-33.2 The allocation procedure used the ratio of the number of industrial sector employees
in each county to the total number of industrial sector employees in the State. Year 2001 employment data were
used to estimate 2002 emissions because year 2001 data were the latest data available when this inventory was
prepared in November 2004. Refer to Appendices B and C for more details on the allocation.
Criteria pollutant emission factors for residual oil were taken from AP-42.3 HAP emission factors are from
"Documentation for the 1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air
Pollutants."4 According to AP-42 (page 1.3-8), #4, #5, and #6 residual oil have a heat content of 150 million Btus
per thousand gallons value.3 Emission factors that were originally provided on a Btu basis were converted to
physical units using this value. The midpoint of the range of sulfur content values provided in Appendix A of AP-
42, (2.25%) was used in the PM and S02 emission calculations.3 The ammonia emission factor is from EPA's
Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report.5
County-level pollutant emissions were calculated by multiplying nonpoint source residual oil consumed in each
county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that contains the
emissions factors, volume of nonpoint source residual oil burned, and national nonpoint emissions from industrial
combustion of residual oil. For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI), industrial residual oil combustion
emissions were estimated, but the emissions are not included in Table 1 (see section 3.5 of the report for the draft
2002 NEI for the methodology used to estimate PR and VI emissions).
Table 1. National Emissions Summary for Industrial Residual Oil Combustion:
Adjusted for Point Source Fuel Consumption
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Codes
Emission
Factor
(lb/thousand
gallons)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(thousands of
gallons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
2.25e-05
Reference 4
334,903.40
3.77E-03
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.70e-07
Reference 4
334,903.40
4.52E-05
Acetaldehyde
75070
0.00525
Reference 4
334,903.40
8.79E-01
Ammonia
NH,
0.8
Reference 5
334,903.40
1.34E+02
Anthracene
120127
1.305e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
2.19E-04
Arsenic
7440382
0.00141
Reference 4
334,903.40
2.36E-01
B enz [a] Anthracene
56553
4.35e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
7.28E-04
Benzene
71432
0.000225
Reference 4
334,903.40
3.77E-02
Bcn/o|b+k|Fluoranthcnc
102
1.65e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
2.76E-04
Benzo|g,h,i,lPerylene
191242
2.40e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
4.02E-04
Beryllium
7440417
3.00e-05
Reference 4
334,903.40
5.02E-03
Cadmium
7440439
4.20e-04
Reference 4
334,903.40
7.03E-02
Carbon Monoxide
CO
5
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
334,903.40
8.37E+02
Chromium
7440473
9.00e-04
Reference 4
334,903.40
1.51E-01
Chrysene
218019
2.55e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
4.27E-04
A-76
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: RESIDUAL OIL (continued)
SCC: 2102005000
Table 1 (continued)
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Codes
Emission
Factor
(lb/thousand
gallons)
Emission Factor
Reference
National
Throughput
(thousands of
gallons)
National
Emissions
(tons/year)
Dibenzo [a,h] Anthracene
53703
1.80e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
3.01E-04
Fluoranthene
206440
5.25e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
8.79E-04
Fluorene
86737
4.80e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
8.04E-04
Formaldehyde
50000
3.60e-02
Reference 4
334,903.40
6.03E+00
Indeno [1,2,3-c,dlPyrene
193395
2.25e-06
Reference 4
334,903.40
3.77E-04
Lead
7439921
1.65e-03
Reference 4
334,903.40
2.76E-01
Manganese
7439965
3.15e-03
Reference 4
334,903.40
5.27E-01
Mercury
7439976
0.0001215
Reference 4
334,903.40
2.03E-02
Naphthalene
91203
0.001215
Reference 4
334,903.40
2.03E-01
Nickel
7440020
0.09
Reference 4
334,903.40
1.51E+01
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
55
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
334,903.40
9.21E+03
Phenanthrene
85018
1.125e-05
Reference 4
334,903.40
1.88E-03
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.5
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-2)
334,903.40
2.51E+02
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
7.17*(1.12 * %
sulfur content +
0.37)
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-5)
334,903.40
3.47E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
4.67*(1.12 * %
sulfur content +
0.37)
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-5)
334,903.40
2.26E+03
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
7.17*(1.12 * %
sulfur content +
0.37)+ 1.5
Reference 3
(Tables 1.3-2 and
1.3-5)
334,903.40
3.72E+03
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
4.67*(1.12 * %
sulfur content +
0.37)+ 1.5
Reference 3
(Tables 1.3-2 and
1.3-5)
334,903.40
2.51E+03
Pyrene
129000
0.0000045
Reference 4
334,903.40
7.54E-04
Selenium
7782492
0.000735
Reference 4
334,903.40
1.23E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
157 * % sulfur
content
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-1)
334,903.40
5.92E+04
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
0.28
Reference 3 (Table
1.3-3)
334,903.40
4.69E+01
A-77
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION - INDUSTRIAL: RESIDUAL OIL (continued)
SCC: 2102005000
Example Calculation:
National Emissions (
Emission Factor
\year
lb
\ MMBtu
)150 MMBtu [ thousands of gal oil burned \
x x National Activity I I
thousand gallons \ year J
2000 —
ton
National selenium emissions =
0.0000049/6 \50A4MBtu ,w> , , ,
x x 334,903.40 thousand gal
MMBtu thousand gallons , ,
2 = 123E - 01 tons
2000 —
ton
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2001
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2004. Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_fuel/html/fuel_rf.html, accessed November 2004.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2001 County Business Patterns,
C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1 [Electronic files], Washington, DC. Issued April 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Documentation for the
1999 Base Year Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants." Prepared
by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
A-78
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM PAVED ROADS
SCC: 2294000000
Fugitive dust emissions from paved road traffic were estimated for PM10-PRI, PM10-FIL, PM25-PRI, and PM25-
FIL. Since there are no PM-CON emissions for this category, PM10-PRI emissions are equal to PM10-FIL
emissions and PM25-PRI emissions are equal to PM25-FIL. Table 1 provides a national summary of the 2002
annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) activity and emissions by pollutant.
Table 1. 2002 National Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions Summary for Fugitive Dust from Paved Roads
Pollutant Description and
NIF 3.0 Pollutant Code
Emission
Factor
National Activity
(Million Miles)
National
Emissions
PM10-FIL
Reference 1
2,762,373
2,073,974
PM10-PRI
Reference 1
2,762,373
2,073,974
PM25-FIL
Reference 1
2,762,373
203,442
PM25-PRI
Reference 1
2,762,373
203,442
Uncontrolled paved road emissions were calculated at the State level by roadway class and month. This was done
by multiplying the State/roadway class VMT by the appropriate monthly temporal allocation factor and by the paved
road emission factor. After the paved road dust emissions were calculated at the State/road class/monthly level of
detail, the uncontrolled emissions were then allocated to the county level using total VMT as a surrogate. Next,
control factors were applied to the paved road emissions in PM10 nonattainment area counties. Emissions and VMT
by roadway class were then totaled to the county level for reporting in the NEI. The following provides further
details on the emission factor equation, temporal and spatial allocation procedures, and controls.
Emission Factor Equation
Reentrained road dust emissions for paved roads were estimated using paved road VMT and the emission factor
equation from AP-42:1
E = [ k * (sL/2)0 65 * (W/3)15 - C ] * [1 - P/(4*N)]
where: E = paved road dust emission factor (gram [g]/VMT)
k = particle size multiplier (7.3 g/VMT forPM10-PRI/-FIL and 1.1 g/VMT forPM25-PRI/-FIL)
sL = road surface silt loading (g/square meter [m2])
W = average weight (tons) of all vehicles traveling the road
C = emission factor for 1980's vehicle fleet exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear
N = number of days in the month
P = number of days in the month with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation
The uncontrolled PM10-PRI/-FIL and PM25-PRI/-FIL emission factors are provided in Appendix C by State,
roadway class, and month. Note that the EPA lowered the PM25-PRI/-FIL particle size multiplier just prior to
completing the final 2002 nonpoint NEI to about 1.1 g/VMT. The EPA applied an adjustment factor of 0.6 to the
PM25-PRI/-FIL emissions in the final NEI. Appendix C was not revised to reflect this change. See Section 2.8.6 of
this report for further discussion of this adjustment.
Paved road silt loadings were assigned to each of the twelve functional roadway classes (six urban and six rural)
based on the average annual traffic volume of each functional system by State.2 The resulting paved road silt
loadings calculated from the average annual traffic volume data are shown in Table 2.
The AP-42 equation listed above includes a correction factor to adjust for the number of days with measurable
precipitation in each month. The factor of "4" in the precipitation adjustment accounts for the fact that paved roads
dry more quickly than unpaved roads and that precipitation may not occur over the entire 24-hour day period. The
number of days with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation in each month by State was obtained from the National
A-79
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM PAVED ROADS (continued)
SCC: 2294000000
Climatic Data Center.3 Data were collected from a meteorological station selected to be representative of urban
areas within each State. The precipitation data are presented in Appendix C by State and month. There are cases
where the emission factor calculated using the equation above ends up negative due to the subtraction of the C term
that accounts for vehicle exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear. In these cases, the emission factor was reset to 0, under
the assumption that the emissions have been accounted for in the onroad emission inventory.
Activity
Total annual VMT estimates by State and roadway class were obtained from the Federal Highway Administration's
(FHWA) annual Highway Statistics report.2 Paved road VMT was calculated by subtracting the State/roadway class
unpaved road VMT from total State/roadway class VMT.
Allocation
The paved road VMT estimates by State/roadway class were first temporally allocated by season using the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) Inventory seasonal temporal allocations factors for VMT.4 These
factors are included in Appendix B. The seasonal VMT values were then multiplied by the ratio of the number of
days in a month to the number of days in a season to adjust to monthly VMT. The emission factors were then
applied to estimate emissions by month.
The paved road activity and emissions were spatially allocated to counties according to the fraction of total VMT in
each county for the specific roadway class as shown by the following equation:
EMIS^y = EMISST>y * VMTxy / VMTST y
where: EMISxy = paved road emissions (tons) for county x and roadway class y
EMISst y = paved road emissions (tons) for the entire State for roadway class y
VMTxy = total VMT (million miles) in county x and roadway class y
VMTst y = total VMT (million miles) in entire State for roadway class y
The county-level VMT by roadway class developed to calculate onroad mobile source emissions was used in this
equation.5 The county-level allocation factors are provided in Appendix B. Note that because of differences in the
methodologies for calculating total and unpaved road VMT, there are rural counties where unpaved road VMT was
higher than total VMT. For these counties, unpaved VMT was reduced to total VMT and paved road VMT was
assigned a value of zero.
Controls
Paved road dust controls were applied by county to urban and rural roads in serious PM10 nonattainment areas and to
urban roads in moderate PM10 nonattainment areas. The assumed control measure is vacuum sweeping of paved
roads twice per month. A control efficiency of 79 percent was assumed for this control measure.6 The assumed rule
penetration varies by roadway class and PM10 nonattainment area classification (serious or moderate).6 The rule
penetration rates are shown in Table 3. Rule effectiveness was assumed to be 100% for all counties where this
control was applied.
Note that the controls were applied at the county/roadway class level, and the controls differ by roadway class. In
the NIF 3.0 emissions table, the emissions for all roadway classes were summed to the county level. Therefore, the
emissions at the county level can represent several different control, rule effectiveness, and rule penetration levels.
As a result, the control efficiency, rule effectiveness, and rule penetration values were reported in the control
equipment table as a composite, overall control level for each county; the rule effectiveness and rule penetration
values were not reported separately in the emission table.
A-80
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM PAVED ROADS (continued)
SCC: 2294000000
Table 2. 2002 Silt Loadings by State and Roadway Class Modeled in Paved Road Emission Factor
Calculations (g/m2)
Rural Roadway Classes Urban Roadway Classes
Other Freeways Other
Inter- Principal Minor Major Minor Inter- & Express- Principal Minor
State
state
Arterial
Arterial
Collector
Collector
Local
state
ways
Arterial
Arterial
Collector
Local
Alabama
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Alaska
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.2
0.2
Arizona
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Arkansas
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.6
California
0.015
0.03
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.2
0.2
Colorado
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Connecticut
0.015
0.03
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Delaware
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Dist. of Columbia
0.015
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Florida
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Georgia
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Hawaii
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Idaho
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Illinois
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Indiana
0.015
0.06
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Iowa
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Kansas
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Kentucky
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.2
0.2
Louisiana
0.015
0.06
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.6
Maine
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Maryland
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Massachusetts
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Michigan
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.2
0.2
Minnesota
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Mississippi
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Missouri
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Montana
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Nebraska
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Nevada
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
New Hampshire
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
New Jersey
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
New Mexico
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
New York
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
North Carolina
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
North Dakota
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.2
0.2
0.2
Ohio
0.015
0.03
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Oklahoma
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Oregon
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Pennsylvania
0.015
0.03
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Rhode Island
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.6
South Carolina
0.015
0.06
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.2
0.6
South Dakota
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.6
Tennessee
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Texas
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.6
Utah
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.2
Vermont
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Virginia
0.015
0.03
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
0.2
0.2
Washington
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
West Virginia
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Wsconsin
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.06
0.2
0.2
Wyoming
0.015
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.015
0.015
0.06
0.2
0.2
0.2
A-81
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM PAVED ROADS (continued)
SCC: 2294000000
Table 3. Penetration Rate of Paved Road Vacuum Sweeping
PM10
Nonattainment
Status
Roadwav Class
Vacuum Sweeping
Penetration Rate
Moderate
Urban Interstate
0.42
Moderate
Urban Freeway & Expressway
0.67
Moderate
Urban Other Principal Arterial
0.90
Moderate
Urban Minor Arterial
0.67
Moderate
Urban Collector
0.64
Moderate
Urban Local
0.88
Serious
Rural Interstate
0.55
Serious
Rural Other Principal Arterial
0.37
Serious
Rural Minor Arterial
0.71
Serious
Rural Major Collector
0.83
Serious
Rural Minor Collector
0.59
Serious
Rural Local
0.35
Serious
Urban Interstate
0.42
Serious
Urban Freeway & Expressway
0.67
Serious
Urban Other Principal Arterial
0.90
Serious
Urban Minor Arterial
0.67
Serious
Urban Collector
0.64
Serious
Urban Local
0.88
References
1. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
"Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area
Sources, Section 13.2.1, Paved Roads." Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003.
2. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Highway Statistics 2001. Office of
Highway Policy Information. Washington, DC. 2002. Available at
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/hs01/index.htm.
3. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Summary of the Day
Element TD-3200, 2002 data provided on CD. National Climatic Data Center. 2003.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "The 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory: Development of Temporal
Allocation Factors," EPA-600/7-89-010d. Air & Energy Engineering Research Laboratory. Research
Triangle Park, NC. April 1990.
5. E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. "Documentation for the Onroad National Emission Inventory (NEI) for Base
Years 1970 - 2002," report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. January 2004.
6. E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. "Phase II Regional Particulate Strategies; Task 4: Particulate Control
Technology Characterization," draft report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Policy, Planning and Evaluation. Washington, DC. June 1995.
A-82
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
7. EPA, 2006. Western Governors'Association. 2006. Background Document for Revisions to Fine Fraction
Ratios Used for AP-42 Fugitive Dust Emission Factors. Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP), 1515
Cleveland Plance, Suite 200, Denver, Colorado 80202 .
A-83
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM UNPAVED ROADS
SCC: 2296000000
Fugitive dust emissions from unpaved road traffic were estimated for PM10-PRI, PM10-FIL, PM25-PRI, and PM25-
FIL. Since there are no PM-CON emissions for this category, PM10-PRI emissions are equal to PM10-FIL
emissions and PM25-PRI emissions are equal to PM25-FIL. Table 1 provides a national summary of the 2002
annual VMT activity and emissions by pollutant.
Table 1. 2002 National Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions Summary for Fugitive Dust from Unpaved Roads
Pollutant Description and
NIF 3.0 Pollutant Code
Emission Factor
Reference
National Activity
(Million Miles)
National
Emissions
PM10-FIL
Reference 1
41,041
8,585,509
PM10-PRI
Reference 1
41,041
8,585,509
PM25-FIL
Reference 1
41,041
842,402
PM25-PRI
Reference 1
41,041
842,402
Uncontrolled unpaved road emissions were calculated at the State level by roadway class and month. This was done
by multiplying the State/roadway class unpaved roadway VMT by the appropriate monthly temporal allocation
factor and by the monthly unpaved road emission factor. After the unpaved road dust emissions were calculated at
the State/roadway class/monthly level of detail, the uncontrolled emissions were then allocated to the county level
using 1990 rural population data as a surrogate. Next, control factors were applied to the unpaved road emissions in
PM10 nonattainment area counties. Emissions and VMT by roadway class were then totaled to the county level for
reporting in the NEI. The following provides further details on the emission factor equation, temporal and spatial
allocation procedures, and controls.
Emission Factor Equation
Reentrained road dust emissions for unpaved roads were estimated using unpaved road VMT and the emission factor
equation from AP-42:1
E =[ k * (s/12)a * (SPD/30)b] / (M/0.5)c - C
where k, a, b, and c are empirical constants given in Table 2, and
E = size specific emission factor (lb/VMT)
s = surface material silt content (%)
SPD = mean vehicle speed (mph)
M = surface material moisture content (%)
C = emission factor for 1980's vehicle fleet exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear (lb/VMT)
The uncontrolled emission factors are provided in Appendix C by State, roadway class, and month.
Average State-level unpaved road silt content values, developed as part of the 1985 NAPAP Inventory, were
obtained from the Illinois State Water Survey.2 Silt contents of over 200 unpaved roads from over 30 States were
obtained. Average silt contents of unpaved roads were calculated for each sate that had three or more samples for
that State. For States that did not have three or more samples, the average for all samples from all States was used as
a default value. Appendix C provides a table of the silt content values by State, and identifies if the values were
based on a sample average or default value.
A-84
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM UNPAVED ROADS (continued)
SCC: 2296000000
Table 2. Constants for Unpaved Roads Reentrained Dust Emission Factor Equation1
Constant
PM25-PRI/
PM25-FIL
PM10-PRI/
PM10-FIL
k (lb/VMT)
0.18
1.8
a
1
1
b
0.5
0.5
c
0.2
0.2
C
0.00036
0.00047
Note that table 2 reflects the change in the PM25 factor from 0.27 to 0.18 effective with version 1 of the 02 NEI8.
Table 3 lists the speeds modeled on the unpaved roads by roadway class. These speeds were determined based on
the average speeds modeled for onroad emission calculations and weighted to determine a single average speed for
each of the roadway classes. The value of 0.5 percent for M was chosen as the national default as sufficient
resources were not available at the time the emissions were calculated to determine more locally-specific values for
this variable.
Table 3. Speeds Modeled by Roadway Type on Unpaved Roads
Unpaved Roadway Type Speed (mph)
Rural Minor Arterial 3 9
Rural Major Collector 34
Rural Minor Collector 30
Rural Local 30
Urban Other Principal Arterial 20
Urban Minor Arterial 20
Urban Collector 20
Urban Local 20
Correction factors were applied to the emission factors to account for the number of days with a sufficient amount of
precipitation to prevent road dust resuspension. Monthly corrected emission factors by State and roadway
classification were calculated using the following equation:
Ecorr = E * [(D-p)/D]
where: Ecorr = unpaved road dust emission factor corrected for precipitation effects
E = uncorrected emission factor
D = number of days in the month
p = number of days in the month with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation
A-85
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM UNPAVED ROADS (continued)
SCC: 2296000000
The number of days with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation in each month was obtained from the National Climatic
Data Center.3 Data were collected from a meteorological station selected to be representative of rural areas within
the State. The monthly precipitation data used by State for 2002 are included in Appendix C.
Note that the EPA lowered the PM25-PRI/-FIL particle size multiplier just prior to completing the final 2002
nonpoint NEI. The EPA applied an adjustment factor of 0.67 to the PM25-PRI/-FIL emissions in the final NEI;
however, the emission factor in this documentation and in Appendix C was not revised due to resource constraints.
Section 2.8.6 of this report for further discussion of this adjustment.
Activity
Unpaved roadway mileage estimates were obtained from the FHWA's annual Highway Statistics report.4 Unpaved
mileage data for 2001 were used, as data for 2002 were not yet available. Separate calculations of VMT were
performed for county- and noncounty- (State or federally) maintained roadways. State-level, county-maintained
roadway mileage was organized by surface type (rural and urban) and the average daily traffic volume (ADTV)
groups shown in Table 4. From these data, State-level unpaved roadway mileage estimates were made. The
following equation was then used to calculate State-level unpaved road VMT estimates.
VMTUP = ADTV * FSRM * 365 days/year
where: VMTUP = VMT on unpaved roads (miles/year)
ADTV = average daily traffic volume (vehicles/day/mile)
FSRM = functional system roadway mileage (miles)
State and federally maintained roadway mileage was categorized by arterial classification, not roadway traffic
volume; therefore, the VMT was calculated differently than for county-maintained roadways. The ADTV was
assumed to not vary by roadway maintenance responsibility, so the ADTV calculated from county-maintained VMT
and mileage (ADTV = VMT / Mileage) was used with noncounty-maintained roadway mileage to calculate VMT in
the above equation.
Table 4. Assumed Values for Average Daily Traffic Volume (ADTV) by Volume Group
Rural Roads
Volume Category (vehicles per day per mile)
<50
50-199
200-499
>500
Assumed ADTV
5*
125**
350**
550***
Urban Roads
Volume Category (vehicles per day per mile)
<200
200-499
500-1999
>2000
Assumed ADTV
20*
350**
1250**
2200***
Notes: *10% of volume group's maximum range endpoint.
** Average of volume group's range endpoints.
*** 110% of volume group's minimum range endpoint.
A-86
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM UNPAVED ROADS (continued)
SCC: 2296000000
Allocation
The unpaved road VMT estimates by State/roadway class were first temporally allocated by season using the
NAPAP Inventory seasonal temporal allocations factors for VMT.5 These factors are included in Appendix B. The
seasonal VMT values were then multiplied by the ratio of the number of days in a month to the number of days in a
season to adjust to monthly VMT. The emission factors were then applied to estimate emissions by month.
The State/roadway class unpaved road emissions were then spatially allocated to each county using estimates of the
ratio of 1990 county rural population to the State rural population from the U.S. Census Bureau6 as shown by the
following equation:
EMISxy =(CLX / SL) * EMIS y
where: EMISxy = unpaved road emissions (tons) for county x and roadway class y
CLX = rural population in county x
SL = rural population in the State
EMIS y = unpaved road emissions in entire State for roadway class y
The county-level allocation factors are provided in Appendix B.
Controls
The controls assumed for unpaved roads varied by PM10 nonattainment area classification and by urban and rural
areas. On urban unpaved roads in moderate PM10 nonattainment areas, paving of the unpaved road was assumed,
and a control efficiency of 96 percent and a rule penetration of 50 percent were applied. Chemical stabilization, with
a control efficiency or 75 percent and a rule penetration of 50 percent, was assumed for rural areas in serious PM10
nonattainment areas. A combination of paving and chemical stabilization, with a control efficiency of 90 percent
and a rule penetration of 75 percent, was assumed for urban unpaved roads in serious PM10 nonattainment areas.7
Note that the controls were applied at the county/roadway class level, and the controls differ by roadway class. In
the NIF 3.0 emissions table, the emissions for all roadway classes were summed to the county level. Therefore, the
emissions at the county level can represent several different control, rule effectiveness, and rule penetration levels.
As a result, the control efficiency, rule effectiveness, and rule penetration values were reported in the control
equipment table as a composite, overall control level for each county; the rule effectiveness and rule penetration
values were not reported separately in the emissions table.
A-87
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
FUGITIVE DUST FROM UNPAVED ROADS (continued)
SCC: 2296000000
References
1. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
"Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area
Sources, Section 13.2.2, Unpaved Roads." Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003.
2. W. Barnard, G. Stensland, and D. Gatz, Illinois State Water Survey, "Evaluation of Potential Improvements
in the Estimation of Unpaved Road Fugitive Emission Inventories," paper 87-58.1, presented at the 80th
Annual Meeting of the APCA . New York, New York. June 21-26, 1987.
3. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Summary of the Day
Element TD-3200, 2002 data provided on CD. National Climatic Data Center. 2003.
4. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Highway Statistics 2001. Office of
Highway Policy Information. Washington, DC. 2002. Available at
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/hs01/index.htm.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "The 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory: Development of Temporal
Allocation Factors," EPA-600/7-89-010d. Air & Energy Engineering Research Laboratory. Research
Triangle Park, NC. April 1990.
6. U.S. Department of Commerce. "1990 Census of Population, Volume I Characteristics of Population,"
Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC. July 1992.
7. E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. "Phase II Regional Particulate Strategies; Task 4: Particulate Control
Technology Characterization," draft report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Policy, Planning and Evaluation. Washington, DC. June 1995.
8. EPA, 2006. Western Governors Association. 2006. Background Document for Revisions to Fine Fraction
Ratios Used for AP-42 Fugitive Dust Emission Factors. Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP), 1515
Cleveland Plance, Suite 200, Denver, Colorado 80202 .
A-88
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
Stage I gasoline distribution includes the following gasoline emission points: 1) bulk terminals; 2) pipeline facilities;
3) bulk plants; 4) tank trucks; and 5) service stations. Emissions from Stage I gasoline distribution occur as gasoline
vapors are released into the atmosphere. The EPA considers these processes as comprising the Stage I gasoline
distribution maximum available control technology (MACT) category.1
Emissions from gasoline distribution at bulk terminals and bulk plants take place when gasoline is loaded into a
storage tank or tank truck, from working losses (for fixed roof tanks), and from working losses and roof seals (for
floating roof tanks). Working losses consist of both breathing and emptying losses. Breathing losses are the
expulsion of vapor from a tank vapor space that has expanded or contracted because of daily changes in temperature
and barometric pressure; these emissions occur in the absence of any liquid level change in the tank. Emptying
losses occur when the air that is drawn into the tank during liquid removal saturates with hydrocarbon vapor and
expands, thus exceeding the fixed capacity of the vapor space and overflowing through the pressure vacuum valve.2
Emissions from tank trucks in transit occur when gasoline vapor evaporates from (1) loaded tank trucks during
transportation of gasoline from bulk terminals/plants to service stations, and (2) empty tank trucks returning from
service stations to bulk terminals/plants.3 Pipeline emissions result from the valves and pumps found at pipeline
pumping stations and from the valves, pumps, and storage tanks at pipeline breakout stations. Stage I gasoline
distribution emissions also occur when gasoline vapors are displaced from storage tanks during unloading of
gasoline from tank trucks at service stations (Gasoline Service Station Unloading) and from gasoline vapors
evaporating from service station storage tanks and from the lines going to the pumps (Underground Storage Tank
Breathing and Emptying).
Bulk Terminals and Pipelines
There are no generally accepted activity-based VOC emission factors for the pipelines and bulk terminals sectors
because they are generally treated as point sources whose emissions are estimated using site-specific information.
For example, emission estimates for bulk terminal storage tanks are typically derived from tank specific parameters
that are input into the TANKS program.4 Therefore, for bulk terminals and pipelines, EPA estimated 2002 national
VOC emissions by multiplying 1998 national estimates developed in support of the Gasoline Distribution MACT
standard5 by the 2002 to 1998 ratio of the national volume of wholesale gasoline supplied (see Table 1). The
gasoline supply information was obtained from Table S4 in of Volume I of Petroleum Supply Annual 2003.6
Table 1. Estimation of Total 2002 VOC Emissions for Pipelines and Bulk Terminals
Category
1998 Post-
MACT Control
Emissions (Mg)
Mg to Ton
Conversion
Factor
1998
Emissions
(tons)
Ratio of 2002 to 1998 Gasoline
Supplied
2002
Emissions
(tons)
Pipelines
79,830
1.1023
87,997
(8,848 thousand barrels per day /
8,253 thousand barrels per day)
= 1.072
94,341
Bulk Terminals
137,555
1.1023
151,627
162,558
A-89
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
To estimate HAP emissions, EPA applied national average speciation profiles to these VOC emission estimates.7
Table 2 presents these speciation profiles and total national bulk terminal and pipeline HAP emission estimates (note
that unless otherwise noted, all emission values reported in this section exclude estimates for Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands). As noted below, EPA used the total VOC emission estimates as the first step in calculating
nonpoint source VOC and HAP emissions. The following describes how these total national VOC estimates were
allocated to counties, and how nonpoint source VOC and HAP emissions were calculated for each county.
Table 2. Bulk Terminal and Pipeline HAP Speciation Profiles and Total Emission Estimates
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Code
Percentage of
VOC
Emissions
Reference
National Emissions (tpy)
Bulk Terminals
Pipelines
Benzene
71432
0.7
7
1.14E+03
6.60E+02
Methyl Tertiary-Butyl
Ether (MTBE)
1634044
2.4
7
3.90E+03
2.26E+03
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
540841
0.827
7
1.34E+03
7.80E+02
Cumene
98828
0.01
7
1.63E+01
9.43E+00
Ethyl Benzene
100414
0.138
7
2.24E+02
1.30E+02
Hexane
110543
1.589
7
2.58E+03
1.50E+03
Naphthalene
91203
0.046
7
7.48E+01
4.34E+01
Toluene
108883
1.290
7
2.10E+03
1.22E+03
Xylenes
1330207
0.530
7
8.62E+02
5.00E+02
For both categories, EPA allocated national total VOC emissions to counties in a two-step manner. First, EPA
allocated VOC emissions based on 2002 gasoline supply data reported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
Next, EPA allocated emissions based on employment data reported in the 2001 County Business Patterns.8
For pipelines, EPA allocated VOC emissions to Petroleum Administration District (PAD)s based on the total amount
of finished motor gasoline moved by pipeline in each PAD in year 2002. There are five PADs across the United
States: PAD 1 comprises seventeen States plus the District of Columbia along the Atlantic Coast; PAD 2 comprises
fifteen States in the Midwest; PAD 3 comprises six States in South Central U.S.; PAD 4 comprises five States in the
Rocky Mountains; and PAD 5 comprises seven States along the West Coast. These data, which are displayed below
in Table 3, are reported in Table 33 of Volume 1 of Petroleum Supply Annual 2002.9 Next, EPA allocated pipeline
VOC emissions in each PAD to counties based on County Business Patterns employment data. Because
employment data for NAICS code 48691 (Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products) are often withheld
due to confidentiality reasons, EPA used the number of employees in NAICS code 42271 (Petroleum Bulk Stations
and Terminals) for this allocation. To better account for the location of refined petroleum pipelines,
A-90
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
however, EPA did not allocate any activity to States which had employees in this NAICS code, but did not have
employees in NAICS code 48691 (i.e., Connecticut, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Vermont, and West Virginia).
Table 3. Movement of Finished Motor Gasoline by Pipeline Between PAD Districts, 2002
From I
From II
From III
From IV
From V
To I
n/a
1,140
486,453
0
0
To II
73,668
n/a
119,254
6,890
0
To III
0
11,347
n/a
0
0
To IV
0
8,798
10,114
n/a
0
To V
0
0
21,414
9,045
n/a
For bulk terminals, EPA first allocated total national VOC emissions to States based on the 2002 refinery, bulk
terminal, and natural gas plant stocks of motor gasoline reported for each State in Table 31 of Volume 1 of DOE's
Petroleum Supply Annual 2002 (see Table 4).9 Next, EPA allocated total VOC emissions in each State to counties
based on the number of NAICS code 42271 (Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals) employees reported in the
2001 County Business Patterns.8 When the DOE publication reported totals for multiple States, EPA aggregated the
employment data for these States to develop the necessary county allocation ratios. Appendix B contains the NAICS
code 42271 County Business Patterns employment data in database format.
For Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI), EPA estimated VOC emissions for bulk terminals because
DOE information indicates that each territory has at least one bulk terminal. Bulk terminal total VOC emissions
were estimated based on per capita emission factors calculated from the total VOC emissions and population data for
Monroe County, Florida (for PR) and Broward County, Florida (for VI). These per capita factors were multiplied by
2002 county populations in PR and VI to estimate total VOC emissions. Pipeline emissions were not estimated for
the VI based on information indicating that only PR has a refined petroleum product pipeline.10 To calculate total
pipeline VOC emissions for PR, EPA used a per capita emission estimation approach analogous to that used for bulk
terminals.
It is important to reiterate that the above discussion addresses the calculation of total VOC emissions. The 2002
point source NEI reports VOC emissions related to bulk terminal and pipeline processes. For pipelines, EPA
estimated nonpoint source VOC emissions by subtracting 2002 point source VOC emission estimates from total
pipeline VOC emissions. The following pipeline SCCs had VOC emissions reported in the 2002 point source NEI:
40600501 (Pipeline Petroleum Transport - General - All Products; Pipeline Leaks); 40600502 (Pipeline Petroleum
Transport - General - All Products; Pipeline Venting); 40600503 (Pipeline Petroleum Transport - General - All
Products; Pump Station); and 40600504 (Pipeline Petroleum Transport - General - All Products; Pump Station
Leaks). For bulk terminals, EPA estimated nonpoint source VOC emissions by subtracting 2002 point source VOC
emission estimates from total bulk terminal VOC emissions for the point SCCs displayed in Table 5. The EPA
estimated nonpoint source HAP bulk terminal and pipeline emissions in each county by multiplying HAP speciation
profiles from Table 2 by each county's nonpoint source bulk terminal and pipeline VOC emissions.
A-91
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
Table 4. Refinery, Bulk Terminal, and Natural Gas Plant Stocks of Motor Gasoline, 2002
Motor Gasoline
Motor Gasoline
State
(Thousand Barrels)
State
(Thousand Barrels)
Alabama
1,106
Missouri
812
Alaska
515
Montana
1,068
Arizona
394
Nevada
180
Arkansas
704
New Jersey
9,276
California
10,698
New Mexico
378
Colorado
994
New York
2,778
Connecticut
949
North Carolina
2,255
Delaware, D.C., Maryland
1,909
N. Dakota, S. Dakota
423
Florida
4,915
Ohio
3,107
Georgia
2,018
Oklahoma
1,490
Hawaii
602
Oregon
1,235
Idaho
334
Pennsylvania
5,342
Illinois
2,658
Rhode Island
565
Indiana
2,608
South Carolina
1,222
Iowa
1,317
Tennessee
1,597
Kansas, Nebraska
2,440
Texas
17,800
Kentucky
804
Utah
504
Louisiana
6,319
Virginia
2,424
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont
1,070
Washington
3,385
Massachusetts
1,631
West Virginia
144
Michigan
2,889
Wisconsin
1,971
Minnesota
1,501
Wyoming
875
Mississippi
2,477
Bulk Plants
Because bulk plants are generally inventoried as point sources using site-specific information, there is no
acknowledged nonpoint source VOC emission estimation methodology for this category. Therefore, EPA calculated
total VOC emissions from bulk plants by developing an average emission factor from the bulk plant motor gasoline
VOC emissions and throughput data developed in support of the Gasoline Distribution MACT standards.2'5 To
estimate 2002 national total VOC emissions, the VOC emission factor (8.62 pounds of VOC per 1,000 gallons) was
applied to the estimated national volume of gasoline passing through bulk plants in 2002. The volume of bulk plant
gasoline throughput was assumed to be 9 percent of total gasoline consumption.11 Total gasoline consumption
estimates were calculated as the sum of the 2002 onroad and nonroad gasoline consumption estimates developed
from National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) and NONROAD2004 model runs, respectively. Onroad gasoline
consumption (in gallons) was calculated for each county based on a conversion factor that was applied to the C02
emissions estimated for each county from the NMIM 2002 NEI.12 This factor (102.2982 gallons per ton of C02)
was applied to the NMIM 2002 results for the gasoline fueled vehicle classes. Because PR and VI are not included
in NONROAD2004, the total national gasoline consumption value used in this procedure excluded gasoline
consumption estimates for these territories. The resulting national total VOC emission estimate was then allocated
to counties based on employment data for NAICS code 42271 (Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals).
A-92
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
Table 5. Bulk Terminal SCCs with VOC Emissions in 2002 Point Source NEI
see
SCC Description
40400103
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline Reid vapor pressure (RVP) 7: Breathing Loss (67000 Bbl. Capacity) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400104
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Breathing Loss (250000 Bbl Capacity)-Fixed Roof Tank
40400105
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Breathing Loss (250000 Bbl Capacity )-Fixed Roof Tank
40400106
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Breathing Loss (250000 Bbl Capacity) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400107
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Working Loss (Diam. Independent) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400108
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Working Loss (Diam. Independent) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400109
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Working Loss (Diam. Independent) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400110
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss (67000 Bbl Capacity )-Float. Roof Tank
40400111
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss (67000 Bbl Capacity )-Float. Roof Tank
40400112
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss (67000 Bbl Capacity)- Floating Roof Tank
40400113
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss (250000 Bbl Capacity) - Floating Roof Tank
40400114
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss (250000 Bbl Capacity) - Floating Roof Tank
40400115
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss (250000 Bbl Capacity) - Floating Roof Tank
40400116
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13/10/7: Withdrawal Loss (67000 Bbl Capacity) - Floating Roof Tank
40400117
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13/10/7: Withdrawal Loss (250000 Bbl Capacity) - Floating Roof Tank
40400118
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Filling Loss (10500 Bbl Capacity) - Variable Vapor Space
40400119
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Filling Loss (10500 Bbl Capacity) - Variable Vapor Space
40400120
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Filling Loss (10500 Bbl Capacity) - Variable Vapor Space
40400131
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400132
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400133
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400141
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400142
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400143
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400148
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13/10/7: Withdrawal Loss - External Floating Roof (Primary/Secondary Seal)
40400150
Bulk Terminals, Miscellaneous Losses/Leaks: Loading Racks
40400151
Bulk Terminals, Valves, Flanges, and Pumps
40400152
Bulk Terminals, Vapor Collection Losses
40400153
Bulk Terminals, Vapor Control Unit Losses
40400161
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400162
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400163
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400171
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400172
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400173
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400178
Bulk Terminals, Gasoline RVP 13/10/7: Withdrawal Loss - Internal Float Roof (Primary/Secondary Seal)
Total VOC emissions for PR and VI were estimated using per capita emission factors calculated from the VOC
emissions and population data for Monroe County, Florida (for PR) and Broward County, Florida (VI). These per
capita factors were multiplied by 2002 county populations to estimate total VOC emissions. Table 6 presents the
HAP speciation profiles and total VOC and HAP emissions estimates for bulk plants (note that these estimates do
not include PR and VI emissions).
A-93
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
Table 6. Bulk Plant HAP Speciation Profiles and Total Emission Estimates
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant Code
Emission Factor
Reference
National Emissions (tpy)
VOC
VOC
8.62 lb/1,000 gallons
2 and 5
5.25E+04
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
540841
0.827% of VOC
7
4.34E+02
Cumene
98828
0.01% of VOC
7
5.25E+00
Ethyl Benzene
100414
0.138% of VOC
7
7.24E+01
Hexane
110543
1.589% of VOC
7
8.34E+02
Naphthalene
91203
0.046% of VOC
7
2.41E+01
Toluene
108883
1.290% of VOC
7
6.77E+02
Xylenes
1330207
0.530% of VOC
7
2.78E+02
Benzene
71432
county-specific % of VOC
13
3.76E+02
MTBE
1634044
county-specific % of VOC
13
1.80E+03
It is important to note that the above discussion pertains to total bulk plant emission. There are numerous point
SCCs associated with gasoline distribution at bulk plants. EPA developed a list of potential bulk plant point SCCs
and reviewed the 2002 point source NEI for the presence of VOC emission estimates. Point source VOC emission
estimates were identified in the 2002 point source NEI for the SCCs displayed in Table 7. EPA calculated nonpoint
source bulk plant VOC emissions in each county by subtracting 2002 point source NEI VOC emissions in each
county from total VOC emissions. To estimate benzene and MTBE emissions from bulk plants, EPA multiplied the
nonpoint source VOC emission estimates by county-level speciation profiles calculated from the annual onroad
refueling (Stage 2) emissions from the 2002 NEI NMIM results.13 All other HAP emissions were estimated by
multiplying VOC emissions by the national average speciation profiles displayed in Table 6.
A-94
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
Table 7. Bulk Plant SCCs with VOC Emissions in 2002 Point Source NEI
see
SCC Description
40400201
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13: Breathing Loss (67000 Bbl Capacity) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400202
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10: Breathing Loss (67000 Bbl Capacity) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400203
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 7: Breathing Loss (67000 Bbl. Capacity) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400204
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13: Working Loss (67000 Bbl. Capacity) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400205
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10: Working Loss (67000 Bbl. Capacity) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400206
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 7: Working Loss (67000 Bbl. Capacity) - Fixed Roof Tank
40400207
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss (67000 Bbl Cap.) - Floating Roof Tank
40400208
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss (67000 Bbl Cap.) - Floating Roof Tank
40400209
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss (67000 Bbl Cap.) - Floating Roof Tank
40400210
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13/10/7: Withdrawal Loss (67000 Bbl Cap.) - Floating Roof Tank
40400211
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13: Filling Loss (10500 Bbl Cap.) - Variable Vapor Space
40400212
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10: Filling Loss (10500 Bbl Cap.) - Variable Vapor Space
40400213
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 7: Filling Loss (10500 Bbl Cap.) - Variable Vapor Space
40400231
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400232
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400233
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400241
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400242
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400243
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss - External Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400248
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10/13/7: Withdrawal Loss - External Floating Roof (Primary/Secondary Seal)
40400250
Bulk Plants, Loading Racks
40400251
Bulk Plants, Valves, Flanges, and Pumps
40400252
Bulk Plants, Miscellaneous Losses/Leaks: Vapor Collection Losses
40400253
Bulk Plants, Miscellaneous Losses/Leaks: Vapor Control Unit Losses
40400261
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400262
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400263
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Primary Seal
40400271
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 13: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400272
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10: Standing Loss -Internal Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400273
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 7: Standing Loss - Internal Floating Roof w/ Secondary Seal
40400278
Bulk Plants, Gasoline RVP 10/13/7: Withdrawal Loss - Internal Floating Roof (Primary/Secondary Seal)
40400401
Underground Tanks, Gasoline RVP 13: Breathing Loss
40400402
Underground Tanks, Gasoline RVP 13: Working Loss
40400403
Underground Tanks, Gasoline RVP 10: Breathing Loss
40400404
Underground Tanks, Gasoline RVP 10: Working Loss
40400405
Underground Tanks, Gasoline RVP 7: Breathing Loss
40400406
Underground Tanks, Gasoline RVP 7: Working Loss
40600101
Tank Cars/Trucks, Gasoline: Splash Loading
40600126
Tank Cars/Trucks, Gasoline: Submerged Loading
40600131
Tank Cars/Trucks, Gasoline: Submerged Loading (Normal Service)
40600136
Tank Cars/Trucks, Gasoline: Splash Loading (Normal Service)
40600141
Tank Cars/Trucks, Gasoline: Submerged Loading (Balanced Service)
40600144
Tank Cars/Trucks, Gasoline: Splash Loading (Balanced Service)
40600147
Tank Cars/Trucks, Gasoline: Submerged Loading (Clean Tanks)
A-95
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
Tank Trucks in Transit
The EPA calculated total VOC emissions from tank trucks in transit by multiplying county-level tank truck gasoline
throughput by a 0.06 lb of VOC per 1,000 gallon emission factor. As noted in Table 8, this emission factor is the
sum of the individual emission factors reported in the Gasoline Distribution EIIP guidance document for gasoline-
filled trucks (traveling to service station/bulk plant for delivery) and vapor-filled trucks (traveling to bulk
terminal/plant for reloading).3 Gasoline throughput for tank trucks was computed by multiplying the sum of the
NMIM and NONROAD2004 consumption estimates by a factor of 1.09 to account for gasoline that is transported
more than once in a given area (i.e., transported from bulk terminal to bulk plant and then from bulk plant to service
station).11 Tank trucks in transit total VOC emissions for PR and VI were calculated in an analogous manner.
Because onroad gasoline consumption estimates were available from NMIM, but nonroad estimates were not
available from NONROAD2004, it was necessary to develop these estimates from gasoline consumption/VOC
emission ratios. These ratios were calculated from the nonroad total VOC emission and gasoline consumption
estimates for two surrogate Florida counties (Monroe County, Florida for PR and Broward County, Florida for VI).
These ratios were then applied to the nonroad VOC emission estimates for PR and VI to estimate gasoline
consumption in each territory. Table 9 presents HAP speciation profiles and total VOC and HAP emission estimates
for tank trucks in transit (these estimates do not include PR and VI).
Table 8. Tank Trucks in Transit VOC Emission Factors
VOC Emission Factor
Vapor-Filled Trucks
0.055 lb/1,000 gallons
Gasoline Filled Trucks
0.005 lb/1,000 gallons
Total
0.06 lb/1,000 gallons
Table 9. Tank Trucks in Transit HAP Speciation Profiles and Total Emission Estimates
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant Code
Emission Factor
Reference
National Emissions (tpy)
VOC
VOC
0.06 lb/1,000 gallons
3
4.42E+03
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
540841
0.827% of VOC
7
3.66E+01
Cumene
98828
0.01% of VOC
7
4.42E-01
Ethyl Benzene
100414
0.138% of VOC
7
6.10E+00
Hexane
110543
1.589% of VOC
7
7.03E+01
Naphthalene
91203
0.046% of VOC
7
2.03E+00
Toluene
108883
1.290% of VOC
7
5.71E+01
Xylenes
1330207
0.530% of VOC
7
2.34E+01
Benzene
71432
county-specific % of VOC
13
2.91E+01
MTBE
1634044
county-specific % of VOC
13
1.81E+02
A-96
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
It is important to note that the above tank trucks in transit emission values represent total emissions. The EPA
identified a list of point SCCs associated with gasoline tank trucks in transit emissions and reviewed the 2002 point
source NEI for the presence of VOC emissions in each SCC. Point source VOC emissions were identified in the
following SCCs: 40400154 (Bulk Terminals, Tank Truck Vapor Leaks); 40400254 (Bulk Plants, Tank Truck Vapor
Losses); 40600162 (Tank Cars and Trucks, Gasoline: Loaded with Fuel [Transit Losses]); and 40600163 (Tank Cars
and Trucks, Gasoline: Return with Vapor [Transit Losses]). Point source VOC emissions were subtracted from total
VOC emissions to yield the nonpoint source VOC emission estimates for this category. The EPA then estimated
nonpoint source HAP emissions in each county by applying the HAP speciation profiles from Table 9 to each
county's nonpoint source VOC emissions.
Underground Storage Tank (UST) Breathing and Emptying
The EPA calculated total VOC emissions from UST breathing and emptying by multiplying total gasoline
consumption, calculated as described above in the Bulk Plants section, by the 1 lb/1,000 gallons emission factor
recommended by the Gasoline Distribution EIIP guidance document.3 UST breathing and emptying VOC emissions
for PR and VI were calculated in an analogous manner using the total gasoline consumption estimates described
above in the tank trucks in transit section. Table 10 displays the HAP speciation profiles and national total emission
estimates for this source category (note that these estimates exclude PR and VI).
Table 10. Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying HAP Speciation Profiles and Total Emissions
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant Code
Emission Factor
Reference
National Emissions (tpy)
VOC
VOC
1 lb/1,000 gallons
3
6.76E+04
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
540841
0.827% of VOC
7
5.59E+02
Cumene
98828
0.01% of VOC
7
6.76E+00
Ethyl Benzene
100414
0.138% of VOC
7
9.33E+01
Hexane
110543
1.589% of VOC
7
1.07E+03
Naphthalene
91203
0.046% of VOC
7
3.11E+01
Toluene
108883
1.290% of VOC
7
8.72E+02
Xylenes
1330207
0.530% of VOC
7
3.58E+02
Benzene
71432
county-specific % of VOC
13
4.45E+02
MTBE
1634044
county-specific % of VOC
13
2.76E+03
A-97
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
The EPA reviewed the 2002 point source NEI for the presence of VOC emissions in SCCs associated with UST
breathing and emptying. The 2002 point source NEI included point source VOC emissions for the following point
source UST breathing and emptying SCCs: 40600307 (Gasoline Retail Operations - Stage I, Underground Tank
Breathing and Emptying) and 40600707 (Consumer [Corporate] Fleet Refueling - Stage I, Underground Tank
Breathing and Emptying). County-level point source VOC emissions for these SCCs were subtracted from total
county-level VOC emissions to yield the nonpoint source VOC emission estimates for this category. With the
exception of benzene and MTBE, HAP emissions were estimated by multiplying VOC emissions by the national
HAP speciation profiles listed in Table 10. To estimate benzene and MTBE emissions, EPA multiplied VOC
emissions by county-level speciation profiles from NMIM.
Gasoline Service Station Unloading
The EPA estimated uncontrolled total VOC emissions from unloading of gasoline into service station tanks from
county-level total gasoline consumption estimates12 and the following AP-42 equation:
L = (12.46 xSxPxM)/T
where:
L = uncontrolled loading loss of liquid loaded (in lb/1,000 gallons)
S = saturation factor;
P = true vapor pressure of liquid loaded (pounds per square inch absolute);
M = molecular weight of vapors (lbs per lb/mole); and
T = temperature of liquid loaded (rankine).14
This equation requires geographic-specific information. This information includes the saturation factor, which
differs by method of loading (e.g., submerged filling), Reid vapor pressure (RVP), temperature, and true vapor
pressure of gasoline.
Gasoline RVP values were obtained from the NMIM 2002 database.15 Because NMIM is a county-level database
that reports RVP values by month, EPA developed county-level monthly gasoline consumption estimates by
multiplying annual county gasoline consumption by monthly allocation factors. State-level monthly allocation
factors were developed from monthly gasoline sales data reported in the Federal Highway Administration's Highway
Statistics 2002.16 Geographic-specific information on the temperature of gasoline and the method of loading were
obtained from a recent Stage I and II gasoline distribution emission inventory study prepared for the EIIP.17 In lieu
of available information, for PR and VI, EPA used the monthly allocation factors and gasoline temperature data for
Florida and assumed that all gasoline was splash loaded.
A-98
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
The true vapor pressure of gasoline was estimated for each county/month using the following equation:
P = exp
0.7553 -
413 .0
T + 459 .6
2,416
T + 459 .6
- 2.013
S05 log l0(RVP)~
log 10 (RVP ) -
1.854 -
8,742
1,042
T + 459 .6
T + 459 .6
f15.64
where:
P = Stock true vapor pressure, in pounds per square inch absolute.
T = Stock temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit.
RVP = Reid vapor pressure, in pounds per square inch.
S = Slope of the ASTM distillation curve at 10 percent evaporated, in degrees Fahrenheit per
percent (assumed that S = 3.0 for gasoline per Figure 7. l-14a of AP-42).18
This equation was used to calculate monthly county-level true vapor pressure estimates. In cases where more than
one filling method was assumed to apply in a county (e.g., due to vapor balancing requirement applying to a portion
of a county's total gasoline throughput due to a throughput exemption), EPA developed two sets of calculations for
each month, one for each filling method.
The EIIP study regional stock temperature information was used to estimate the temperature of gasoline in each
county in each month (see Table 11).17
The EPA incorporated the effect of Stage I Gasoline Service Station vapor balancing controls based on the
county-level control efficiency values (either 90 or 95 percent) that were compiled for the EIIP study.17 As noted
earlier, EPA assumed splash filling (i.e., no Stage I Service Station controls) in PR and VI counties. Table 12
presents the HAP speciation profiles and total VOC and HAP emission estimates calculated using these procedures
(note that the estimates for PR and VI are not included in these totals).
A-99
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
Table 11. Temperature Data Used in Estimating True Vapor Pressure (°F)
Region
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1 (Northeast)
46
44
44
48
57
64
70
73
70
64
60
51
2 (Southeast)
66
67
69
74
78
81
80
81
80
77
69
60
3 (Southwest)
60
61
62
66
73
78
81
84
82
78
71
62
4 (Midwest)
33
35
40
47
55
62
71
73
68
65
64
63
5 (West)
50
52
62
66
73
76
80
83
86
84
73
60
6 (Northwest)
49
50
50
52
57
62
67
72
68
60
49
42
Region 1:
Region 2:
Region 3:
Region 4:
Region 5:
Region 6:
Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, DC, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont,
Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, N. Carolina, S. Carolina,
Tennessee
Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, N. Dakota, S. Dakota, Wyoming
California, Nevada, Utah
Idaho, Oregon, Washington
Table 12. Stage I Service Station Unloading HAP Speciation Profiles and Total Emission Estimates
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
Reference
National Emissions (tpy)
VOC
VOC
Equation l1
14
3.53E+05
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
540841
0.827% of VOC
7
2.92E+03
Cumene
98828
0.01% of VOC
7
3.53E+01
Ethyl Benzene
100414
0.138% of VOC
7
4.87E+02
Hexane
110543
1.589% of VOC
7
5.61E+03
Naphthalene
91203
0.046% of VOC
7
1.62E+02
Toluene
108883
1.290% of VOC
7
4.55E+03
Xylenes
1330207
0.530% of VOC
7
1.87E+03
Benzene
71432
county-specific % of VOC
13
2.70E+03
MTBE
1634044
county-specific % of VOC
13
7.50E+03
^ote that Appendix C does not list an emission factor for VOC because the emission factor is an equation that is difficult to express via the
Appendix C database structure
A-100
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
The above procedures were used to calculate total stage I service station unloading VOC emissions. The EPA
identified point SCCs associated with this process and reviewed the 2002 point source NEI for the presence of VOC
emissions. Point source VOC emissions were generally categorized into the three different stage I filling methods:
submerged filling, splash filing, and balanced submerged filling. The following point source submerged filling
SCCs were identified as having VOC emissions in the 2002 point source NEI: 40600302 (Gasoline Retail
Operations - Stage I, Submerged Filling w/o Controls) and 40600702 (Consumer [Corporate] Fleet Refueling - Stage
I, Submerged Filling w/o Controls). The following point source splash fill SCCs were determined to have VOC
emissions in the 2002 point source NEI: 40600301 (Gasoline Retail Operations - Stage I, Splash Filling) and
40600701 (Consumer [Corporate] Fleet Refueling - Stage I, Splash Filling). The point source balanced submerged
SCCs with VOC emissions in the 2002 point source NEI were identified as: 40600305 (Gasoline Retail Operations -
Stage I, Unloading); 40600306 (Gasoline Retail Operations - Stage I, Balanced Submerged Filling); and 40600706
(Petroleum Products, Consumer [Corporate] Fleet Refueling - Stage I, Balanced Submerged Filling). Point source
VOC emissions were also reported in SCC 40600399 (Gasoline Retail Operations - Stage I, Not Classified). To
facilitate the point source subtractions, EPA allocated these point source VOC emissions to splash filling and
balanced submerged filling based on the proportion of total VOC emissions calculated by EPA in each category in
the applicable county.
Next, EPA estimated nonpoint source HAP emissions in each county by multiplying the nonpoint source VOC
emission estimates by HAP speciation profiles. Benzene and MTBE emissions were calculated by multiplying the
VOC emission estimates by county-level speciation profiles from NMIM. All other HAPs were estimated in a
similar manner using the national average HAP speciation profiles displayed in Table 12. Nonpoint source
emissions are reported by SCC based on the filling methods used in each county as determined from the EIIP study:
SCC 2501060051 (Submerged Filling); SCC 2501060052 (Splash Filling); and SCC 2501060053 (Balanced
Submerged Filling).
A-101
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
Example Total Emission Calculations
Bulk Terminals
2002 national benzene emissions = VOC emissions x HAP speciation factor
1.63E+05 tons x 0.007
1.14E+03 tons
Pipelines
2002 national MTBE emissions = VOC emissions x HAP speciation factor
9.43E+04 tons x 0.024
2.26E+03 tons
Bulk Plants
2002 national VOC emissions
national gasoline consumption x proportion passing through bulk plants x VOC emission factor
135,253,077.45 thousand gallons x 0.09 x 8.62 lbs VOC/thousand gallons
= 1.05E+08 lbs/2000 lbs
= 5.25E+04 tons
Tank Trucks in Transit
2002 Alamance County, North Carolina VOC emissions
total county gasoline consumption x (1+proportion of gasoline transported twice) x VOC emission factor
61,985.91 thousand gallons x (1+0.09) x 0.06 lbs VOC/thousand gallons
= 4.05E+03 lbs / 2000 lbs
= 2.03E+00 tons
LIST Breathing and Emptying
2002 Alamance County, North Carolina VOC emissions
total county gasoline consumption x VOC emission factor
61,985.91 thousand gallons x 1 lb VOC/thousand gallons
= 6.20E+04 lbs / 2000 lbs
= 30.99E+00 tons
Stage I Gasoline Service Station Unloading July VOC uncontrolled emissions for Alamance County, NC
annual county consumption x proportion of annual gasoline sold in July x VOC emission factor
= 61,985.91 thousand gallons x 0.08835 x VOC emission factor
5,476.182 thousand gallons x ((12.46 x saturation factor x true vapor pressure x vapor molecular weight) /
temperature))
= 5,476.182 thousand gallons x ((12.46 x 1.0 x 5.471 x 67.733) / 540)
= 46,827.53 lbs
Incorporate effect of control (vapor balancing requirement)
= Uncontrolled emissions x ((100-CE)/100)
= 46,827.53 lbs x ((100-90)/100)
= 4,682.75 lbs / 2,000 lbs
= 2.34E+00 tons.
A-102
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "National Emission Standards for Source Categories: Gasoline
Distribution (Stage I), 40 CFR Part 63." Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, February 28, 1997.
Pages 9087-9093.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Gasoline Distribution Industry (Stage I)-Background Information
for Proposed Standards," EPA-453/R94-002a, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, January 1994.
3. Eastern Research Group, Inc., "Volume III: Chapter 11, Gasoline Marketing (Stage I and Stage II), Revised
Final," prepared for the Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "TANKS Emission Estimation Software," Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Emission Inventory Group, available from
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/tanks/index.html, last updated October 29, 2004.
5. Hester, Charles, MACTEC, Inc., Memorandum from Charles Hester, MACTEC, Inc., to Stephen Shedd, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Standards
Division, "Review of the Gasoline Distribution Emission Estimation Methods and Emission Estimates
Presented in Laurel Driver's Memorandum 'Request for Review/Comment on EPA Plans for FINAL 2002
NEI'," June 17, 2005.
6. U.S. Department of Energy, "Petroleum Supply Annual 2003, Volume 1," DOE/EIA-0340(03)/1, Energy
Information Administration, retrieved from
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/psa_volumel/psa_vol
umel.html, released July 2004.
7. Hester, Charles and J. Cavalier, MACTEC, Inc., Memorandum from Charles Hester and Julia Cavalier,
MACTEC, Inc., to Stephen Shedd, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, Emission Standards Division, "Gasoline HAP Profiles," December 9, 2004.
8. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 2000-2001 (electronic files
on CD-ROM), C1-E01-CBPX-01-US1, Washington, DC, issued April 2003.
9. U.S. Department of Energy, "Petroleum Supply Annual 2002, Volume 1," DOE/EIA-0340(02)/1, Energy
Information Administration, retrieved from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/petroleum/0340201.pdf, June
2003.
10. Hall, Samuel, U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Pipeline Safety, personal communication with
Andrea Mannino, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 15, 2004.
11. Cavalier, Julia, MACTEC, Inc., personal communication, "RE: Percentage of Gasoline Transported Twice
By Truck," with Stephen Shedd, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Emission Standards Division, July 6, 2004.
A-103
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE I (continued)
SCCs: 2501050120 (Bulk Terminals)
2501055120 (Bulk Plants)
2505030120 (Tank Trucks in Transit)
2505040120 (Pipelines)
2501060051 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Submerged Fill)
2501060052 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Splash Fill)
2501060053 (Gasoline Service Station Unloading: Balanced Submerged Fill)
2501060201 (Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying)
References (continued)
12. Brzezinski, David, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Gasoline Fuel Consumption by County," email
file transmission to Laurel Driver, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 8, 2004.
13. Brzezinski, D., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Re: 2002 NEI Gasoline Distribution Methods,"
email file transmission to R. Cook, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 21, 2004.
14. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth
Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Section 5.2 Transportation and Marketing of
Petroleum Liquids," Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, January 1995.
15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) County-Level
Database," files available from ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/draftnei2002/mobile/nmim_related/, Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Inventory Group, accessed December 2004.
16. Federal Highway Administration, "Highway Statistics 2002," Office of Highway Policy Information,
available from http:www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs02/index.htm, accessed December 2004.
17. Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., "Draft Summary of the Analysis of the Emissions Reported in the 1999
NEI for Stage I and Stage II Operations at Gasoline Service Stations," prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and the Emission Inventory Improvement Program, September 2002.
18. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth
Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Chapter 7: Liquid Storage Tanks," Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Inventory Group, September 1997.
A-104
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION: STAGE II
SCC: 2501060100 (Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Total)
This SCC is used in the NEI to report emissions for onroad gasoline vehicle refueling. These estimates were
generated via the MOBILE6 model, using the county-specific fuel parameters, temperature, humidity, Reid vapor
pressure, and other relevant model inputs for each county. (Estimates for Stage II nonroad equipment gasoline
refueling are included in the nonroad source emissions inventory.) The documentation for the final 2002 mobile
source NEI describes the methods for calculating total onroad and nonroad gasoline vehicle refueling VOC emission
estimates.
Stage II gasoline distribution nonpoint source VOC emission estimates were calculated by subtracting point source
VOC emission estimates from total onroad source VOC emissions. The EPA identified the following SCCs with
VOC emission estimates in the 2002 point source NEI: 40600401 (Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Vapor Loss
w/o Controls); 40600402 (Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Liquid Spill Loss w/o Controls); 40600403 (Filling
Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/o Controls); 40600499 (Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Not
Classified **); 40600601 (Consumer (Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/o Controls); 40600602
(Consumer (Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Liquid Spill Loss w/o Controls); and 40600603 (Consumer
(Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/controls).
The EPA calculated nonpoint source HAP emission estimates by applying HAP speciation profiles to the resulting
nonpoint source VOC emissions. For this step, EPA used the same HAP speciation profiles as indicated in Table 12
of the Stage I Service Station Unloading source category discussion presented earlier.
A-105
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
GENERAL LABORATORY ACTIVITIES
SCC: 2851001000
Note: The emissions for this category were previously reported under the point SCC 31503001 in the draft and
preliminary 2002 NEI and in the 1999 NEI. For the final 2002 NEI, the point SCC was changed to the new nonpoint
SCC 2851001000 (Miscellaneous Area Sources : Laboratories : Bench Scale Reagents : (probably "Total")).
National mercury emissions from general laboratory activities are calculated by multiplying the tons of mercury
consumed by laboratories by an emission factor. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, (USGS) laboratories in
the United States consumed 8 Mg of mercury during the year 2002.1 EPA estimates that for every Mg of mercury
used in laboratories, 40 kg of mercury are emitted.2
Emissions estimate:
Total mercury emitted from laboratories = total mercury consumed by laboratories x Emission Factor
Total mercury emitted from laboratories = 8 Mg total mercury x 40 kg mercury released/Mg total mercury
Total mercury emitted from laboratories = 320 kg mercury released = 0.3527 tons mercury released
Emissions were allocated to the county-level by the county proportion of the national population.3 Appendix B
contains population data in database format.
The estimate of mercury consumed in the United States does not include the amount of mercury consumed in Puerto
Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands. Emissions for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were estimated using the
approach outlined in the report text. Broward County in Florida is assumed to be the surrogate county for Puerto
Rico. Monroe County in Florida is assumed to be the surrogate for the U.S. Virgin Islands. Emissions for mercury
in the surrogate counties were divided by the population of the surrogate counties obtained from the U.S. Census
Bureau to estimate emissions on a per capita basis.3 The per capita emissions were then multiplied by the population
in each county of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands to estimate emissions. Using this methodology, EPA
estimated 0.00485 tons of mercury was emitted in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands during 2002 from general
laboratory activities. Table 1 provides a national summary of activity and emissions.
Table 1. National HAP Pollutant Emissions Summary for General Laboratory Activities
Pollutant
Description
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
(Kg of Hg per Mg
of Hg consumed)
Emission
Factor
Reference
2002
National Activity Level
(Mg of Hg consumed)
2002
National Emissions a
(tons/year)
Mercury
7439976
40
Reference 2
8
0.3576
a Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
References:
1. Goonan, 2003. Thomas Goonan from the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Dept. of Interior, personal
communication to Paula Hemmer, E.H. Pechan& Associates, Inc., July 10, 2003.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Mercury Study Report to Congress, Volume II: An Inventory of
Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions in the United States. December 1997. EPA-452/R-97-004.
3. U.S. Census Bureau 7/1/2002 County Population Estimates File and Components of Change, [Data file],
April 17, 2003. Available from Population Estimates Branch Web site
http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php
A-106
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
LAMP BREAKAGE
SCC: 2861000000
According to National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 660 million lamps containing 9 tons of
mercury were either discarded into landfills or recycled in the year 2002.1 NEMA estimated that approximately 142
million broken lamps were recycled and 518 million were sent to landfills. EPA estimates that of all lamps sent to
landfills, only 6.6% of the mercury contained in the lamps is released into the atmosphere.2
Emissions estimate:
Percentage of lamps sent to landfills = 518 million/660 million x 100% = 78.5%
Amount of Hg sent to landfills = 9 tons Hg x 78.5% = 7.0636 tons Hg discarded to landfills
National Emissions = 7.0636 tons Hg sent to landfills x 6.6% Hg released
= 0.4662 tons Hg released
Mercury emissions are not subject to the proposed Municipal Solid Waste Landfills MACT3, and any control devices
required by the MACT do not effectively control mercury emissions.4 Therefore, mercury emissions from landfills
are not assumed to have any controls.
Mercury emissions are allocated to the county-level by the county proportion of the national population.5 Appendix
B contains population data in database format.
The estimate of mercury consumed in the United States does not include the amount of mercury consumed in Puerto
Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands. Emissions were not estimated for Puerto Rico because this category did not appear
in the 1996 HAP inventory for this territory. Emissions for the U.S. Virgin Islands were estimated using the
approach outlined in the report text. Monroe County in Florida is assumed to be the surrogate for the U.S. Virgin
Islands. Emissions for mercury in Monroe County were divided by the population obtained from the U.S. Census
Bureau to estimate emissions on a per capita basis.5 The per capita emissions estimate was then multiplied by the
population in each county of the U.S. Virgin Islands to estimate emissions. Using this methodology, EPA estimated
0.0001759 tons of mercury was emitted in the U.S. Virgin Islands during 2002 from lamp breakage. Table 1
provides a national summary of activity and emissions.
Table 1. National HAP Pollutant Emissions Summary for Lamp Breakage
Pollutant
Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant Code
Emission Factor
(% of Hg in lamps)
Emission Factor
Reference
2002
National Activity Level
(tons of Hg in lamps)
2002
National Emissions a
(tons/yr)
Mercury
7439976
6.6
Reference 2
7.065
0.4664
" Includes the U.S. Virgin Islands
A-107
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
LAMP BREAKAGE
SCC: 2861000000
References:
1. Erdheim, 2003. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), Government Affairs, personal
communication with Paula Hemmer, E.H. Pechan& Associates, Inc., August, 2003.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Mercury Study Report to Congress, Volume II: An Inventory of
Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions in the United States. December 1997. EPA-452/R-97-004.
3. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Proposed Standards for Municipal Solid Waste
Landfills. Federal Register 58. Pages 66672-66685.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Section 2.4 of Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors, 5th
Edition, AP-42, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
1996.
5. U.S. Census Bureau. 7/1/2002 County Population Estimates File and Components of Change, [Data file],
April 17, 2003. Available from Population Estimates Branch Web site
http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php
A-108
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
LAMP (FLUORESCENT) RECYCLING
SCC: 2861000010
Note: The emissions for this category were previously reported under the point SCC 31301200 in the draft and
preliminary 2002 NEI and in the 1999 NEI. For the final 2002 NEI, the point SCC was changed to the new nonpoint
SCC 2861000010 (Miscellaneous Area Sources : Fluorescent Lamp Breakage : Recycling Related Emissions :
Total).
National level mercury (Hg) estimates for 2002 from fluorescent lamp recycling were determined by multiplying the
number of lamps recycled by an emission factor. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
reported that 660 million lamps were discarded in the United States during 2002.1 According to NEMA, 142 million
of the discarded lamps were recycled. EPA estimates that 0.00088 mg of mercury are released from the recycling
process per lamp recycled.2
Emissions estimate:
Total 2002 fluorescent lamps recycled = 142,000,000
Total 2002 Hg emissions from recycled lamps = No. of lamps recycled x mg Hg released/lamp recycled
= 142,000,000 lamps x 0.00088 mg Hg/lamp
= 124,960 mg Hg
= 0.000137 tons Hg
Emissions were allocated to the county-level by the county proportion of the national population.3 Mercury
emissions from general laboratory activity in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands was not estimated. Table 1
provides a national summary of activity and emissions.
Table 1. National HAP Pollutant Emissions Summary for Fluorescent Lamp Recycling
Pollutant
Description
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
(mg Hg/ lamp
recycled)
Emission Factor
Reference
National Activity
Level (lamps)
National
Emissions
(tons/yr)
Mercury
7439976
0.00088
Reference 2
142,000,000
1.3774E-04
References:
1. Erdheim, 2003. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), Government Affairs, personal
communication with Paula Hemmer, E.H. Pechan& Associates, Inc., August, 2003.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Mercury
and Mercury Compounds." December 1997.
3. U.S. Census Bureau 7/1/2002 County Population Estimates File and Components of Change, [Data file],
April 17, 2003. Available from Population Estimates Branch Web site
http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php
A-109
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - LAND CLEARING DEBRIS
SCC: 2610000500
Criteria pollutant and HAP emission estimates for land clearing debris burning are a function of the amount of
material or fuel subject to burning per year. The amount of material burned was estimated using the county-level
total number of acres disturbed by residential, non-residential, and road construction. County-level weighted loading
factors were applied to the total number of construction acres to convert acres to tons of available fuel.
Version 2 of the Biogenic Emissions Land cover Database (BELD2) within EPA's Biogenic Emission Inventory
System (BEIS) was used to identify the acres of hardwoods, softwoods, and grasses in each county. Table 1 presents
the average fuel loading factors by vegetation type. The average loading factors for slash hardwood and slash
softwood were adjusted by a factor of 1.5 to account for the mass of tree that is below the soil surface that would be
subject to burning once the land is cleared.1 Weighted average county-level loading factors were calculated by
multiplying the average loading factors by the percent contribution of each type of vegetation class to the total land
area for each county.
Table 1. Fuel Loading Factors by Vegetation Type
Unadjusted Average
Adjusted Average Fuel
Fuel Loading Factor
Loading Factor
Vegetation Type
(Ton/acre)
(Ton/acre)
Hardwood
66
99
Softwood
38
57
Grass
4.5
Not Applicable
Controls for land clearing debris burning are generally in the form of a ban on open burning of waste in a given
municipality or county. Counties that were more than 80% urban were assumed not to practice any open burning.
Appendix B contains the counties with a population more than 80% urban. Therefore, criteria pollutant and HAP
emissions from yard waste burning are zero in these counties. In addition, the State of Colorado implemented a
State-wide ban on open burning. Emissions from open burning of land clearing debris in all Colorado counties were
assumed to be zero.
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions (in lb/year) were calculated by multiplying the total mass of land
clearing debris burned per year by an emission factor.123 Emissions were then converted to ton/year by dividing the
emissions by 1 ton/2000 lb. Table 2 contains the emissions factors, total mass of land clearing debris burned, and
national criteria and HAP emissions from open burning of land clearing debris. It is important to note that the values
in Table 2 represent total emissions. Due to time and resource constraints for completing the final 2002 nonpoint
NEI, an evaluation was not performed to determine if there was double counting of point source emissions in the
nonpoint source NEI. Industrial point source emissions are classified under SCCs 50200201 and 50200202, and
commercial/institutional point source emissions are classified under SCCs 50300201 and 50300202).
A-110
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - LAND CLEARING DEBRIS (continued)
SCC: 2610000500
Table 2. National Emissions Summary for Open Burning of Land Clearing Debris (SCC 2610000500):
Not Adjusted for Point Source Activity or Emissions
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
2002 National
2002
Pollutant
Factor
Factor
Activity Level
National Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
(lb/ton)
Reference
(tons burned/year)
(tons/year)
voc
VOC
1.16E+01
Reference 1
1.35E+07
7.81E+04
NOx
NOx
5.00E+00
Reference 2
1.35E+07
3.37E+04
CO
CO
1.69E+02
Reference 1
1.35E+07
1.14E+06
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.70E+01
Reference 1
1.35E+07
1.14E+05
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
1.70E+01
Reference 1
1.35E+07
1.14E+05
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
1.70E+01
Reference 1
1.35E+07
1.14E+05
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
1.70E+01
Reference 1
1.35E+07
1.14E+05
Cumene
98828
1.33E-02
Reference 3
1.35E+07
8.92E+01
Ethyl Benzene
100414
4.80E-02
Reference 3
1.35E+07
3.23E+02
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
6.70E-02
Reference 3
1.35E+07
4.51E+02
Phenol
108952
1.15E-01
Reference 3
1.35E+07
7.75E+02
Styrene
100425
1.02E-01
Reference 3
1.35E+07
6.84E+02
References
1. Ward, D.E., C.C. Hardy, D.V. Sandberg, and T.E. Reinhardt. "Mitigation of Prescribed Fire Atmospheric
Pollution Through Increased Utilization of Hardwoods, Piled Residues, and Long-Needled Conifers." Final
Report. USD A Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fire and Air Resource Management.
1989.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth
Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Section 13.1 Prescribed Burning,, Table 13.1.3
October 1992.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning of Household Waste
in Barrels, EPA-600/R-97-134a, Control Technology Center. November 1997.
A-lll
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - RESIDENTIAL HOUSEHOLD WASTE
SCC: 2610030000
Criteria pollutant and HAP emission estimates for residential municipal solid waste burning are a function of the
amount of household waste burned per year. The amount of household waste burned was estimated using data from
EPA's report Municipal Solid Waste in the United States.1 The report presents the total mass of waste generated in
the United States by type of waste for the calendar year 2000. This information was used to calculate a daily
estimate of the per capita household waste subject to burning, 3.37 lbs/person/day. Non-combustibles waste, such as
glass and metals was not considered to be waste subject to burning. Burning of yard waste is included in SCC
2610000100 and SCC 2610000400, therefore, it is not part of residential household waste. Approximately 25 to 32
percent of all waste that is subject to open burning is actually burned.2 A median value of 28 percent is assumed to
burned in all counties in the United States.
The per capita estimate was then multiplied by the 2002 population in each county that is expected to burn waste.
Since open burning is generally not practiced in urban areas, only the rural population of each county was assumed
to practice open burning. The ratio of urban to rural population was obtained from 2000 U.S. Census data.3 This
ratio was then multiplied by the 2002 U.S. Census Bureau estimate of the population in each county to obtain the
county-level rural population for 2002.4 Appendix B contains the urban and rural population data in database
format.
Controls for residential municipal solid waste burning are generally in the form of a ban on open burning of waste in
a given municipality or county. Counties that were more than 80% urban were assumed not to practice any open
burning. Therefore, criteria pollutant and HAP emissions from residential municipal solid waste burning are zero in
these counties. In addition, the State of Colorado implemented a State-wide bun on open burning. Emissions from
open burning of residential waste in all Colorado counties were assumed to be zero. Emissions that were set to zero
due to burning bans excluded from the NEI. Table 1 contains the national emissions summary for both HAP and
criteria pollutants.
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total amount of residential
municipal solid waste burned per year by an emission factor.5,6 Residential municipal solid waste (MSW) open
burning emissions factors for VOC, NOx, CO, and S02 were obtained from AP-42 (Table 2.5-1 (Municipal Refuse).5
Residential MSW open burning emission factors for PM10 and PM2 5 were obtained from Table 3-11 in the report
"Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning of Household Waste in Barrels."6 The emission factors were
calculated by taking the average of test numbers 4 and 5 (non-recycler) PM10 and PM2 5 emissions. Tables 1 contains
the emissions factors, total mass of yard waste burned and national criteria pollutants and HAP emissions from
residential municipal solid waste.
Emission from residential municipal solid waste burning in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were estimated
according to the methodology outlined in the report text. The surrogate counties for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin
Islands, Broward County, and Monroe County in Florida, are more than 80% urban, therefore, the emissions are
zero. The emissions from residential municipal solid waste burning in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were
assumed to be zero as well.
A-112
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - RESIDENTIAL HOUSEHOLD WASTE (continued)
SCC: 2610030000
Table 1. National Emissions Summary
National Activity
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Level (Reference 4)
National
Pollutant
Factor
Factor
(tons of waste
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
(lb/ton)
Reference
burned/yr)
(tons/year)
CO
CO
8.50E+01
Reference 3
8.73E+06
3.68E+05
o
£
o
£
6.00E+00
Reference 3
8.73E+06
2.60E+04
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
3.80E+01
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.64E+05
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
3.80E+01
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.64E+05
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
3.48E+01
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.51E+05
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
3.48E+01
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.51E+05
SO,
SO,
1.00E+00
Reference 3
8.73E+06
4.33E+03
VOC
VOC
3.00E+01
Reference 3
8.73E+06
1.30E+05
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
120821
2.20E-04
Reference 4
8.73E+06
9.52E-01
1,4-dichlorobenzene
106467
3.20E-04
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.38E+00
Acenaphthene
83329
1.54E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
6.64E+00
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.26E-02
Reference 4
8.73E+06
9.78E+01
Anthracene
120127
3.66E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.58E+01
B enz [a] anthracene
56553
4.48E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.94E+01
Benzene
71432
2.48E+00
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.07E+04
Benzo|alpyrene
50328
4.24E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.84E+01
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
205992
5.26E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
2.28E+01
Benzol g.h.i.|Pcrvlcnc
191242
3.95E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.71E+01
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
207089
2.05E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
8.87E+00
Chlorobenzene
108907
8.48E-04
Reference 4
8.73E+06
3.67E+00
Chrysene
218019
5.07E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
2.19E+01
Dibenzo [a,h] anthracene
53703
6.46E-04
Reference 4
8.73E+06
2.79E+00
Fluoranthene
206440
8.14E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
3.52E+01
Fluorene
86737
7.31E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
3.16E+01
Hexachlorobenzene
118741
4.40E-05
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.90E-01
Hydrochloric Acid
7647010
5.68E-01
Reference 4
8.73E+06
2.46E+03
Hydrogen Cyanide
74908
9.36E-01
Reference 4
8.73E+06
4.05E+03
Indenori,2,3-c,dlpyrene
193395
3.75E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.62E+01
Naphthalene
91203
3.51E-02
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.52E+02
Pentachlorophenol
87865
1.06E-04
Reference 4
8.73E+06
4.59E-01
Phenanthrene
85018
1.46E-02
Reference 4
8.73E+06
6.34E+01
Phenol
108952
2.80E-01
Reference 4
8.73E+06
1.21E+03
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
1336363
5.72E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
2.47E+01
Pyrene
129000
9.66E-03
Reference 4
8.73E+06
4.18E+01
Styrene
100425
1.48E+00
Reference 4
8.73E+06
6.40E+03
A-113
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - RESIDENTIAL HOUSEHOLD WASTE (continued)
SCC: 2610030000
References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. "Municipal Solid
Waste Generation, Recycling and Disposal in the United States: 2000 Facts and Figures." June 2002.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V. "Emission Characteristics of Burn Barrels." Prepared by
Two Rivers Regional Council of Public Officials and Patrick Engineering, Inc. June 1994.
3. U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Censuses, 2000 Census: SF1, Table P2
4. U.S. Census Bureau 7/1/2002 County Population Estimates File and Components of Change, [Data file],
April 17, 2003. Available from Population Estimates Branch Web site
http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php
5. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Compilation
of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources,
Section 2.5 Open Burning. Research Triangle Park, NC. October 1992.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Control Technology Center. "Evaluation of Emissions from the
Open Burning of Household Waste in Barrels." EPA-600/R-97-134a. November 1997.
A-114
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - SCRAP TIRES
SCC: 2830000000
The 2002 National Emissions for "Open Burning: Scrap Tires" are based on EPA-approved emission factors1,2
multiplied by the number of tires burned. The national number of tires was found by summing up the number of
tires burned by county which were based on a literature search for incidences of tire fires in 2002. Table 1 provides
a summary of tire fires found, which also includes the date and number of tires burned. Emissions were allocated to
each of these counties by the number of tires burned.
Table 1 - Summary of 2002 Tire Fires Found
County Location
State
Date of Fire
Number of
Tires Burned
Reference
Saratoga County
NY
March 28, 2002
700,000
3
Roanoke City
VA
March 23, 2002
3,000,000a
4
Otoe County
NE
January 23, 2002
50,000
5
Keokuk County
IA
November 25, 2002
50,000
6
St. Lucie County
FL
October 13, 2002
l,800,000b
7
St. Mary
MD
June 12, 2002
5,000c
8
Luzerne County
PA
August 26, 2002
175,000d
9
Bernalillo County
NM
January 22, 2002
100
10
El Paso
CO
January 3, 2002
30,000
11
Androscoggin
County
ME
June 30, 2002
2,250
12
Suffolk
VA
June 22, 2002
35,000
13
Etowah
AL
May 25, 2002
1,250
14
2002 National Number of Tires Burned
5,848,600
Estimates ranged from 2 to 4 million tires. An average of 3,000,000 was
assumed.
Number of tires burned not available. However, an estimate on the number of
tires was generated using information on the volume of the pile of tire chips: 1.5
million cubic ft. (Reference 7), average loose density of tire shreds, 24 lb/cubic
ft (Reference 15), and assumed weight of a tire (20 pounds/tire).
Assumed 5,000. Report stated "several thousand tires were on fire."
Estimates ranged from 150,000 to 200,000 tires. An average of 175,000 was
assumed.
Calculations
It was assumed that each tire burned weighed approximately 20 pounds. Thus,
Amount of tires burned = Number of tires * assumed weight of tire = (5,848,600 tires) * (20 pounds/tire)
Amount of tires burned = 116,960,000 pounds = 58,480 tons = 58.480 thousand tons (10E3)
For comparison, in 1999, 16,179,540 tires burned in twelve counties.16
A-115
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - SCRAP TIRES (continued)
SCC: 2830000000
Tables 2 and 3 list the EPA-approved emission factors from AP-42 and the ORD report for HAPs and criteria
pollutants. Two types of emission factors are reported: chunk and shredded. An average emission factor was
calculated and applied to the national number of tires burned. Emission factors for PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL are
not available. Consequently, in order to include PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL emissions in the NEI, the PM25-PRI
emission factor was set equal to the PM10-PRI emission factor, and the PM25-FIL emission factor was set equal to
the PM10-FIL emission factor.
Table 2 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for Criteria (PM, VOCs) Pollutants
Pollutant Description and
NIF 3.0 Pollutant Code
Reference
Chunk (lb/1000 tons)
Shredded (lb/1000 tons)
Average (lb/1000 tons)
Emissions (tpy)
PM10-PRI
1
227,000
298,000
262,500
7,676.288
PM10-FIL
1
227,000
298,000
262,500
7,676.288
PM25-PRI
1
227,000
298,000
262,500
7,676.288
PM25-FIL
1
227,000
298,000
262,500
7,676.288
VOC
2
22,364
26,136
24,250
709.143
1 Emission factors for PM25-PRI and PM25-FIL are not available. The PM25-PRI emission factor was set equal to the PM10-
PRI emission factor, and the PM25-FIL emission factor was set equal to the PM10-FIL emission factor.
Table 3- Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for HAPs (Metals, PAH, Others)
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Chunk (lb/1000
Shredded (lb/1000
Average (lb/1000
Pollutant Description
Code
Reference
tons)
tons)
tons)
Emissions (tpy)
Antimony
7440360
1
5.88
4.73
5.31
0.155
C/3
Arsenic
7440382
1
0.10
0.40
0.25
0.007
Chromium
7440473
1
3.94
3.43
3.69
0.108
(L)
Lead
7439921
1
0.67
0.20
0.44
0.013
Nickel
7440020
1
4.74
2.15
3.45
0.101
Selenium
7782492
1
0.13
0.40
0.27
0.008
Acenaphthene
83329
2
580.60
4891.40
2736.00
80.009
Acenaphthylene
208968
2
1494.50
1093.00
1293.75
37.833
Anthracene
120127
2
113.00
99.00
106.00
3.100
Benzo(a)pyrene
50328
2
170.00
227.80
198.90
5.816
Benzon(b)fluoranthene
205992
2
139.00
177.00
158.00
4.620
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
191242
2
132.00
318.80
225.40
6.591
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
207089
2
149.00
199.00
174.00
5.088
Benz(a)anthracene
56553
2
164.00
204.80
184.40
5.392
5
Chrysene
218019
2
142.00
183.00
162.50
4.752
Ph
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
53703
2
2.20
0.00
1.10
0.032
Fluoranthene
206440
2
677.40
916.00
796.70
23.298
Fluorene
86737
2
521.00
373.60
447.30
13.080
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
193395
2
103.00
171.00
137.00
4.006
Naphthalene
91203
2
1632.00
972.00
1302.00
38.074
Phenanthrene
85018
2
475.00
505.00
490.00
14.329
Pyrene
129000
2
67.60
303.40
185.50
5.425
Benzene
71432
2
4312.60
4410
4361.30
127.537
Biphenyl
92524
2
419.00
660.20
539.60
15.778
1,3-Butadiene
106990
2
616.80
320.00
468.40
13.697
Ethylbenzene
100414
2
921.60
590.20
755.90
22.105
+->
o
Phenol
108952
2
1.00
29.00
15.00
0.439
Styrene
100425
2
1320.00
1291.00
1305.50
38.177
A-116
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - SCRAP TIRES (continued)
SCC: 2830000000
References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, NC. 1995
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Air Emissions from Scrap Tire Combustion. EPA Office of
Research and Development. EPA-600/R-97-115. Washington D.C. October 1997.
3. Town of Waterford Board Meeting. Report from Chief Williams. (Internet address:
http://town.waterford.ny.us/clerk/board_mtgs/april_9_2002.htm)
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency On-Scene Coordinator, "Starlight Lane Tire Fire." (Internet address:
http://www.epaosc.org/site_profile.asp?site_id=A3Q7)
5. York News Times, January 25, 2002. (Internet address:
http://www.yorknewstimes.eom/stories/012502/neb_0125020009.shtml)
6. EcoNews Wire, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, November 21, 2002. (Internet address:
http://www.state.ia.us/epd/eco/02nov21eco.pdf)
7. Truini, Joe. "Fla. Tire flames tamed; Fire at tire recycling firm under control, officials say." Waste
News. Oct. 28, 2002.
8. Hollywood Volunteers Fire Department, June, 12, 2002. (Internet address:
http://www.hvfd7.com/TireFire061202.htm)
9. Benton News Archive. Aug. 2002. (Internet address: http://www.bentonnews.net/Archive/aug/aug02.htm)
10. Associated Press (via LexisNexis). "Tractor-sized tires dumped and burned in west Albuquerque." Load
date: January 23, 2002.
11. Associated Press (via LexisNexis). "Fire in two hangars giving off hazardous fumes." Load date: January 4,
2002.
12. Associated Press (via LexisNexis). "Firefighters from five towns bring tire dump fire under control." Load
date: July 1, 2002.
13. Barrett, Arthur. City of Suffolk, VA. E-mail sent to Regi Oommen, ERG on August 11, 2003.
14. Associated Press (via LexisNexis). "Black Smoke billows from tire dump fire." Load date: May 26, 2002.
15. NEWMOA Fact Sheet. "Beneficial Use of Tire Shreds as Lightweight Fill." April 6, 2001. (Internet address:
www.newmoa.org/Newmoa/htdocs/solidwaste/BUDtirefactsheet.pdf)
16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999 National Emissions Inventory for HAPS, Nonpoint Sources.
Prepared by ERG. July 2003. (Documentation available at:
ftp://ftp.epa.gov/pub/EmisInventory/finalnei99ver3/documentation/nonpoint/)
A-117
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - YARD WASTE - LEAF AND BRUSH SPECIES
SCC: 2610000100 & 2610000400
Criteria pollutant and HAP emission estimates for leaf and brush waste burning are a function of the amount of
waste burned per year. The amount of leaf and brush waste burned was estimated using data from EPA's report
Municipal Solid Waste in the United States.1 The report presents the total mass of waste generated in the United
States by type of waste, including yard waste, for the calendar year 2000. This information was used to calculate a
daily estimate of the per capita yard waste, 0.54 lbs/person/day. Of the total amount of yard waste generated, the
yard waste composition was assumed to be 25 percent leaves, 25 percent brush, and 50 percent grass by weight.2
Open burning of grass clippings is not typically practiced by homeowners, and as such only estimates for leaf
burning and brush burning were developed. Approximately 25 to 32 percent of all waste is actually burned.2 It was
assumed that 28 percent of the leaf and brush yard waste generated is burned.
The per capita estimate was then multiplied by the 2002 population in each county that is expected to burn waste.
Since open burning is generally not practiced in urban areas, only the rural population of each county was assumed
to practice open burning. The ratio of urban to rural population was obtained from 2000 U.S. Census data3. This
ratio was then multiplied by the 2002 U.S. Census Bureau estimate of the population in each county to obtain the
county-level rural population for 20024. Appendix B contains both the total population and urban and rural
population data in database format.
The percentage of forested acres from Version 2 of BELD2 within BEIS was used to adjust for variations in
vegetation. The percentage of forested acres per county (including rural forest and urban forest) was then
determined. To better account for the native vegetation that would likely be occurring in the residential yards of
farming States, agricultural land acreage was subtracted before calculating the percentage of forested acres. Table 1
presents the ranges that were used to make adjustments to the amount of yard waste that is assumed to be generated
per county.
Table 1. Adjustment for Percentage of Forested Acres
Percent Forested Acres
Adjustment for
per County
Yard Waste Generated
< 10%
0% generated
>= 10%, and < 50%
50% generated
>= 50%
100% generated
Controls for yard waste burning are generally in the form of a ban on open burning of waste in a given municipality
or county. Counties that were more than 80% urban were assumed not to practice any open burning. Therefore,
criteria pollutant and HAP emissions from residential municipal solid waste burning are zero in these counties. In
addition, the State of Colorado implemented a State-wide ban on open burning. Emissions from open burning of
residential waste in all Colorado counties were assumed to be zero. Emissions that were set to zero due to burning
bans excluded from the NEI.
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total amount of yard waste
(leaf and brush) burned per year by an emission factor.5'6 Emissions for leaves and residential brush were calculated
separately, since emission factors vary by yard waste type. Tables 2 and 3 contain the emissions factors, total mass
of yard waste burned and national criteria pollutants and HAP emissions from burning of leaves and brush,
respectively.
A-118
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - YARD WASTE - LEAF AND BRUSH SPECIES (continued)
SCC: 2610000100 & 2610000400
Example Calculations:
2000 Leaf Burning activity, ton/year = 2.84E+05
2000 Leaf Burning Styrene, ton/year = 2.84E+05* 1.02E-01 * (1/2000) = 1.44E+01
Table 2. National Emissions Summary for Leaf Species (SCC 2610000100)
2002 National
2002
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Activity Level
National
Pollutant
Factor
Factor
(tons
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Codes
(lb/ton)
Reference
burned/year)
(tons/year)
CO
CO
1.12E+02
Reference 3
2.84E+05
1.59E+04
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
3.80E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
5.41E+03
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
3.80E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
5.41E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
3.80E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
5.41E+03
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
3.80E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
5.41E+03
VOC
VOC
2.80E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
3.99E+03
Ethyl Benzene
100414
4.80E-02
Reference 4
2.84E+05
6.83E+00
Styrene
100425
1.02E-01
Reference 4
2.84E+05
1.44E+01
Phenol
108952
1.15E-01
Reference 4
2.84E+05
1.64E+01
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
6.70E-02
Reference 4
2.84E+05
9.54E+00
Cumene
98828
1.33E-02
Reference 4
2.84E+05
1.89E+00
A-119
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
OPEN BURNING - YARD WASTE - LEAF AND BRUSH SPECIES (continued)
SCC: 2610000100 & 2610000400
Table 3. National Emissions Summary for Brush Species (SCC 2610000400)
2002
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
2002 National
National
Pollutant
Factor
Factor
Activity Level
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
(lb/ton)
Reference
(tons burned/year)
(tons/year)
CO
CO
1.40E+02
Reference 3
2.84E+05
1.99E+04
PM10-PRI
PM10-PRI
1.70E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
2.42E+03
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.70E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
2.42E+03
PM25-PRI
PM25-PRI
1.70E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
2.42E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
1.70E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
2.42E+03
voc
VOC
1.90E+01
Reference 3
2.84E+05
2.70E+03
Cumene
98828
1.33E-02
Reference 4
2.84E+05
1.89E+00
Ethyl Benzene
100414
4.80E-02
Reference 4
2.84E+05
6.83E+00
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
6.70E-02
Reference 4
2.84E+05
9.54E+00
Phenol
108952
1.15E-01
Reference 4
2.84E+05
1.64E+01
Stvrene
100425
1.02E-01
Reference 4
2.84E+05
1.44E+01
References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2000 Facts and Figures,
EPA530-R-02-001, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. June 2002.
2. Two Rivers Regional Council of Public Officials and Patrick Engineering, Inc. "Emission Characteristics of Burn
Barrels," prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V. June 1994.
3. U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Censuses, 2000 Census: SF1, Table P2
4. U.S. Census Bureau. 7/1/2002 County Population Estimates File and Components of Change, [Data file], April
17, 2003. Available from Population Estimates Branch Web site
http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Section 2.5 Open Burning,, Tables 2.5-5 and 2.5-6. October 1992.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning of Land-Clearing Debris,
EPA-600/R-96-128, Control Technology Center. October 1996.
A-120
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW)
SCC: 2630020000
Publicly owned treatment works (POTW) facilities are owned by a municipality, State, an intermunicipality or
interstate agency, and departments/agencies of the federal government. The definition of a POTW facility includes
intercepting sewers, outfall sewers, sewage collection systems, pumping, power, and other equipment. The
wastewater treated by these POTWs is generated by industrial, commercial, and domestic sources.1 The national
emission estimates for POTW facilities were calculated using an interpolated nationwide flow rate for base year
2002, and then applying emission factors for VOCs, ammonia, and 53 HAPs. Nationwide projected flow rates for
2000 and 2005 were available from an EPA report2, and are summarized in Table 1. In 2000, flow rate was
estimated to be 34,710 million gallons per day (MMGD); in 2005, flow rate was estimated to be 37,085 MMGD.
The interpolated 2002 nationwide flow rate (using a linear regression) was calculated at 35,660 MMGD, or
13,015,900 million gallons annually.
The ammonia emission factor was obtained from a report to EPA3, while the VOC emission factor was retrieved
from FIRE program.4 Emission factors for the 53 HAPs were derived using 1996 nonpoint source emissions
estimates that were provided by ESD5 and the 1996 nationwide flow rate.6 Table 2 lists the 53 HAPs, the 1996
nonpoint source emissions, and the derived emission factor in pounds per million gallons treated. It was assumed
that the emission factors derived from the 1996 information are applicable for the year 2002. Emissions were
allocated to the county-level by the county proportion of the U.S. population.7 Appendix B contains the total
population data in database format.
Table 2 provides a national summary of emissions by pollutant. It is important to note that the values in Table 2
represent total emissions. Due to time and resource constraints for completing the final 2002 nonpoint NEI, an
evaluation was not performed to determine if there was double counting of point source emissions in the nonpoint
source NEI. Point source emissions are classified under SCCs 50100781 and 50100791 through 50182599.
The national POTW flow rate estimate does not include Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands. Emissions for
Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were estimated using the approach outlined in the report text. Broward
County in Florida is assumed to be the surrogate county for Puerto Rico. Monroe County in Florida is assumed to be
the surrogate for the U.S. Virgin Islands. POTW emissions in the surrogate counties were divided by the population
of the surrogate counties obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau to estimate emissions on a per capita basis.7 The per
capita emissions were then multiplied by the population in each county of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands to
estimate emissions. The emissions data reported in Table 2 include the emission estimates for Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands.
Example Calculations:
The 1996 flow rate per day was 32,175 MMGD. (1996 was a leap year.) Annually, this computes to:
32,175 MMGD treated * 366 days = 11,776,050 million gallons treated
Benzene emissions in 1996 for nonpoint source POTWs were estimated to be 461.44 tons peryear. The derived
benzene emission factor is calculated as follows:
Benzene emission factor = (461.44 tons * 2000 lb/ton)/(l 1,776,050 million gallons treated)
Benzene emission factor = 0.078369 lb/million gallons treated
Benzene estimates for 2002 for nonpoint source POTWs (excluding Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) are
calculated as follows:
2002 Benzene emissions = (35,660 MMGD * 365 days) * (0.078369 lb/million gallons treated)
2002 Benzene emissions = 1,020,043 pounds = 510.02 tons/year
A-121
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW) (continued)
SCC: 2630020000
Data Parameters
Table 1 - National Flow Rates, 1996-2005
Year
Flow rate
(MMGD)
Reference
1996
32,175
6
2000
34,710
2
2002
35,660
interpolated by linear regression
2005
37,085
2
Table 2 - Criteria and HAP Emission Factors and National-Level Estimates:
Not Adjusted for Point Source Emissions
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Codes
1996 Emissions
(tpy)
Derived
Emission
Factor
(lb/MMGAL)
2002 Emissions
(tpy)1
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
79345
0.12
2.0380E-05
0.1335
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
79005
0.08
1.3587E-05
0.0890
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
120821
5.92
1.0054E-03
6.5839
1,3-Butadiene
106990
1.72
2.9212E-04
1.9129
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
106467
14.76
2.5068E-03
16.4152
1 -Chloro-2,3 -Epoxypropane
106898
0.31
5.2649E-05
0.3448
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
121142
3.3
5.6046E-04
3.6701
2-Nitropropane
79469
0.02
3.3967E-06
0.0222
Acetaldehyde
75070
21.27
3.6124E-03
23.6552
Acetonitrile
75058
23.67
4.0200E-03
26.3244
Acrolein
107028
26.3
4.4667E-03
29.2493
Acrylonitrile
107131
26.47
4.4956E-03
29.4384
Allyl Chloride
107051
1.33
2.2588E-04
1.4791
Ammonia
nh3
NA
0.169 2
1,070
Benzene
71432
461.44
7.8369E-02
513.1862
Benzyl Chloride
100447
0.56
9.5108E-05
0.6228
Biphenyl
92524
5.16
8.7636E-04
5.7386
Carbon Disulfide
75150
296.41
5.0341E-02
329.65496
Carbon Tetrachloride
56235
77.35
1.3137E-02
86.0241
Chlorobenzene
108907
33.13
5.6267E-03
36.8452
Chloroform
67663
441.89
7.5049E-02
491.4438
Chloroprene
126998
1.63
2.7683E-04
1.8128
Cresols (includes o,m,p)
331
0.11
1.8682E-05
0.1223
Dimethyl Sulfate
77781
0.09
1.5285E-05
0.1001
Ethyl Acrylate
140885
0.12
2.0380E-05
0.1335
A-122
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW) (continued)
SCC: 2630020000
Table 2 (continued)
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Codes
1996 Emissions
(tpy)
Derived
Emission
Factor
(lb/MMGAL)
2002 Emissions
(tpy)1
Ethyl benzene
100414
525.48
8.9246E-02
584.4077
Ethylene Oxide
75218
15.22
2.5849E-03
16.9268
Formaldehyde
50000
1.35
2.2928E-04
1.5014
Glycol Ethers
171
788.86
1.3398E-01
877.3233
Hexachlorobutadiene
87683
0.05
8.4918E-06
0.0556
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
77474
0.04
6.7935E-06
0.0445
Methanol
67561
782.48
1.3289E-01
870.2278
Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)
71556
38.62
6.5591E-03
42.9509
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone)
78933
195.16
3.3145E-02
217.0454
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone)
108101
184.45
3.1326E-02
205.1343
Methyl Methacrylate
80626
21.31
3.6192E-03
23.6997
MTBE
1634044
4.37
7.4218E-04
4.8601
Methylene Chloride
75092
625.92
1.0630E-01
696.1111
N,N-Dimethylaniline
121697
22.10
3.7534E-03
24.5783
Naphthalene
91203
90.00
1.5285E-02
100.0927
Nitrobenzene
98953
0.45
7.6426E-05
0.5005
o-Toluidine
95534
0.12
2.0380E-05
0.1335
P-Dioxane
123911
1.23
2.0890E-04
1.3679
Propionaldehyde
123386
0.24
4.0761E-05
0.2669
Propylene Dichloride
78875
0.79
1.3417E-04
0.8786
Propylene Oxide
75569
50.21
8.5275E-03
55.8406
Styrene
100425
187.35
3.1819E-02
208.3596
Tetrachloroethylene
127184
292.47
4.9672E-02
325.2678
Toluene
108883
839.51
1.4258E-01
933.6532
Trichloroethylene
79016
20.98
3.5632E-03
23.3327
Vinyl Acetate
108054
5.25
8.9164E-04
5.8387
Vinyl Chloride
75014
0.46
7.8125E-05
0.5116
Vinylidene Chloride
75354
29.01
4.9269E-03
32.2632
VOC
VOC
NA
9.90E+00 2
64,828.2886
Xylenes (includes o, m, and p)
1330207
4100.05
6.9634E-01
4,559.8322
1 Includes estimates for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
2 Actual emission factor, not derived.
A-123
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW) (continued)
SCC: 2630020000
References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 64FR57572. National Emission Standards for Publicly Owned
Treatment Works, Final Rule. 40 CFR Part 63. October 26, 1999.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Biosolids Generation, Use, and Disposal in The United States.
EPA530-R-99-009. September, 1999. Table A-8.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
Durham, NC. April 2004.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) program. Version 6.23.
5. Memorandum from Bob Lucas, EPA to Greg Nizich, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "Review of
Baseline Emissions Inventory." October 16, 1998.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "Facilities Database (Needs Survey) - Frequently Asked Questions."
Internet address: www.epa.gov/oqm/faqwfd.htm. June 28, 2001.
7. U.S. Census Bureau. 7/1/2002 County Population Estimates File and Components of Change, [Data file],
April 17, 2003. Available from Population Estimates Branch Web site
http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php
A-124
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
SCC: 2104001000 and 2104002000
The mass of coal consumed for residential heating in the U.S. is used to estimate emissions. Coal consumption by
energy use sector is presented in the State Energy Data 2000 Consumption published by the Energy Information
Administration (EIA).1 Year 2000 consumption data (452 thousand tons) were used to estimate 2002 consumption
because year 2000 data were the latest data available.
The State Energy Data Report does not distinguish between anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal
consumption estimates. EPA's report "Final Summary of the Development and Results of a Methodology for
Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel Combustion," uses State-level anthracite and bituminous/
subbituminous coal consumption estimates for 1999 that were obtained directly from EIA.2 The 1999 ratio of
anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal consumption to total coal consumption is used to distribute the 2000
coal consumption data by coal type. Table 1 presents the 1999 ratio between anthracite and bituminous/
subbituminous coal consumption in each State.
Table 1. 1999 State Distribution of Anthracite and Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal
Consumed for Residential Heating
Ratio of
Ratio of
Bituminous/
Ratio of
Bituminous/
Ratio of
State
Subbituminous
Anthracite
State
Subbituminous
Anthracite
Alabama
1.00000
0.00000
Montana
1.00000
0.00000
Alaska
1.00000
0.00000
Nebraska
0.00000
0.00000
Arizona
0.00000
0.00000
Nevada
0.00000
0.00000
Arkansas
0.00000
0.00000
New Hampshire
0.00000
1.00000
California
1.00000
0.00000
New Jersey
0.00000
1.00000
Colorado
1.00000
0.00000
New Mexico
1.00000
0.00000
Connecticut
0.00000
1.00000
New York
0.63636
0.36364
Delaware
0.00000
1.00000
North Carolina
1.00000
0.00000
District of Columbia
1.00000
0.00000
North Dakota
1.00000
0.00000
Florida
1.00000
0.00000
Ohio
0.98430
0.01570
Georgia
1.00000
0.00000
Oklahoma
1.00000
0.00000
Hawaii
0.00000
0.00000
Oregon
0.00000
0.00000
Idaho
1.00000
0.00000
Pennsylvania
0.19450
0.80550
Illinois
1.00000
0.00000
Rhode Island
0.00000
1.00000
Indiana
0.97527
0.02473
South Carolina
1.00000
0.00000
Iowa
1.00000
0.00000
South Dakota
1.00000
0.00000
Kansas
1.00000
0.00000
Tennessee
1.00000
0.00000
Kentucky
1.00000
0.00000
Texas
1.00000
0.00000
Louisiana
1.00000
0.00000
Utah
1.00000
0.00000
Maine
0.00000
1.00000
Vermont
0.00000
1.00000
Maryland
0.92771
0.07229
Virginia
0.98625
0.01375
Massachusetts
0.61165
0.38835
Washington
1.00000
0.00000
Michigan
0.91724
0.08276
West Virginia
1.00000
0.00000
Minnesota
1.00000
0.00000
Wisconsin
1.00000
0.00000
Mississippi
0.00000
0.00000
Wyoming
1.00000
0.00000
Missouri
0.97746
0.02254
A-125
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCC: 2104001000 and 2104002000
State-level coal consumption was allocated to each county using the U.S. Census Bureau's 2000 Census Detailed
Housing Information.3 These data include the number of housing units using a specific type of fuel for residential
heating. Appendix B provides these data in database format. State coal consumption was allocated to each county
using the ratio of the number of houses burning coal in each county to the total number of houses burning coal in the
State. Refer to Appendices B and C for more details on this allocation.
Calculation of S02 and PM emissions requires sulfur content and ash content of the coal burned. Table 2 presents
S02 and sulfur content of PM emission factors for anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal. State -specific
sulfur and ash content of anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal is obtained from EPA's report "Final
Summary of the Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from
Residential Fuel Combustion"2 This report presents an analysis of the sulfur content and ash content in each State
with a coal seam based on data obtained from USGS COALQUAL database. States that are not included in the
database but reported coal usage are assigned values based on their proximity to coal seams or using an average
value for Pennsylvania (see report for details of the analysis). Table 3 presents the sulfur and ash content by coal
type for each State.
Table 2. Emission Factors for Residential Anthracite and Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion
Pollutant Description and
NIF 3.0 Pollutant Code
Emission Factor
(lb/ton)
AP-42 Table
Anthracite Emission Factors
S02
39 x % Sulfur
1.2-1
PM10-FIL
10.0
1.2-3
PM25-FIL
0.6 x % Ash
1.2-4
PM-CON
0.08 x % Ash
1.2-3
Bituminous/Subbituminous Emission Factors
S02
31 x % Sulfur
1.1-3
PM10-FIL
6.2
1.1-4
PM25-FIL
3.8
1.1-10
PM-CON
0.04
1.1-5
Note: PM10, PM2 5, and condensible PM emission factors for bituminous/
subbituminous coal do not require ash content.
A-126
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCC: 2104001000 and 2104002000
Table 3. State-Specific Sulfur and Ash Content for Anthracite and Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal
Anthracite
Bituminous/Subbituminous
State
Percent
Ash Content
Percent
Sulfur
Content
State
Percent
Sulfur
Content
State
Percent
Sulfur
Content
Connecticut
13.38
0.89
Alabama
2.08
Montana
0.6
Delaware
13.38
0.89
Alaska
0.31
New Mexico
0.75
Indiana
13.38
0.89
California
0.47
New York
2.42
Maine
13.38
0.89
Colorado
0.61
North Carolina
1.62
Maryland
13.38
0.89
Dist. Columbia
1.67
North Dakota
0.97
Massachusetts
13.38
0.89
Florida
1.28
Ohio
3.45
Michigan
13.38
0.89
Georgia
1.28
Oklahoma
3.08
Missouri
13.38
0.89
Idaho
0.31
Pennsylvania
2.42
New Hampshire
13.38
0.89
Illinois
3.48
South Carolina
1.28
New Jersey
13.38
0.89
Indiana
2.49
South Dakota
0.97
New York
13.38
0.89
Iowa
4.64
Tennessee
1.62
Ohio
13.38
0.89
Kansas
5.83
Texas
1.14
Pennsylvania
13.38
0.89
Kentucky
1.93
Utah
0.8
Rhode Island
13.38
0.89
Maryland
1.67
Virginia
1.19
Vermont
13.38
0.89
Massachusetts
2.42
Washington
0.5
Virginia
27.6
0.43
Michigan
1.2
West Virginia
1.25
Minnesota
0.97
Wisconsin
1
Missouri
3.39
Wyoming
0.87
The remaining criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total coal consumed in each
county per year by an emission factor. Emissions for anthracite and bituminous/subbituminous coal were calculated
separately, since emission factors vary by coal type. Table 4 presents a summary of the CAP emissions factors, total
mass of coal burned and the national CAP emissions. Table 5 presents HAP emissions factors, total mass of coal
burned and the national HAP emissions. Emissions from residential heating by coal in the Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands were not estimated for the 2002 NEI.
A-127
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCC: 2104001000 and 2104002000
Table 4. National Criteria Pollutant Emissions Summary
for Residential Heating with Anthracite and Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal
Pollutant Description and
NIF 3.0 Pollutant Code
Emission Factor
(lb/ton)
Emission Factor
Reference
National Activity
Level (thousand
short tons)
National Emissions
(tons/yr)
Anthracite
CO
275
Reference 2
74.45
10,237
NOX
3
Reference 2
74.45
112
PM10-FIL
See Table 2
Reference 2
74.45
4,989
PM-CON
See Table 2
Reference 2
74.45
39.9
PM25-FIL
See Table 2
Reference 2
74.45
299
S02
See Table 2
Reference 2
74.45
1,291
VOC
10
Reference 2
74.45
372
Bituminous/Subbituminous
CO
275
Reference 2
377.55
51,913
NOX
9.1
Reference 2
377.55
1,718
PM10-FIL
6.2
Reference 2
377.55
1,170
PM25-FIL
3.8
Reference 2
377.55
717
PM-CON
0.04
Reference 2
377.55
7.6
S02
See Table 2
Reference 2
377.55
11,388
VOC
10
Reference 2
377.55
1,888
A-128
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCC: 2104001000 and 2104002000
Table 5. National HAP Emissions Summary
for Residential Heating with Anthracite and Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
(lb/ton)
Emission Factor
Reference
National Activity Level
(thousand short tons)
National Emissions
(tons/yr)
Anthracite
Acenaphthene
83329
5.10e-07
Reference 5
74.45
1.90e-05
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.50e-07
Reference 5
74.45
9.31e-06
Acetaldehyde
75070
5.70e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
2.12e-02
Acetophenone
98862
1.50e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
5.58e-04
Acrolein
107028
2.90e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.08e-02
Anthracene
120127
2.10e-07
Reference 5
74.45
7.82e-06
Antimony
7440360
1.80e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
6.70e-04
Arsenic
7440382
4.10e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.53e-02
Benz [a] Anthracene
56553
8.00e-08
Reference 5
74.45
2.98e-06
Benzene
71432
1.30e-03
Reference 4,5
74.45
4.84e-02
Benzo[a]Pyrene
50328
3.80e-08
Reference 5
74.45
1.41e-06
Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene
191242
2.70e-08
Reference 5
74.45
1.01e-06
Benzofluoranthenes
56832736
1.10e-07
Reference 5
74.45
4.09e-06
Beryllium
7440417
2.10e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
7.82e-04
Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate
117817
7.30e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
2.72e-03
Cadmium
7440439
5.10e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.90e-03
Carbon Disulfide
75150
1.30e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
4.84e-03
Chlorobenzene
108907
2.20e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
8.19e-04
Chromium
7440473
2.64e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
9.83e-03
Chrysene
218019
1.00e-07
Reference 5
74.45
3.72e-06
Cobalt
7440484
1.00e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
3.72e-03
Ethyl Benzene
100414
9.40e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
3.50e-03
Ethylene Dichloride
107062
4.00e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.49e-03
Fluoranthene
206440
7.10e-07
Reference 5
74.45
2.64e-05
Fluorene
86737
9.10e-07
Reference 5
74.45
3.39e-05
Formaldehyde
50000
2.40e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
8.93e-03
Hexane
110543
6.70e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
2.49e-03
Hydrochloric Acid
7647010
1.20e+00
Reference 4,5
74.45
4.47e+01
Hydrogen Fluoride
7664393
1.50e-01
Reference 5
74.45
5.58e+00
lndeno[l,2,3-c,d]Pyrene
193395
6.10e-08
Reference 5
74.45
2.27e-06
Isophorone
78591
5.80e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
2.16e-02
Lead
7439921
4.20e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.56e-02
Manganese
7439965
4.90e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.82e-02
Mercury
7439976
8.30e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
3.09e-03
Methyl Bromide
74839
1.60e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
5.96e-03
Methyl Chloride
74873
5.30e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.97e-02
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
3.90e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.45e-02
Methylene Chloride
75092
2.90e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.08e-02
Naphthalene
91203
1.30e-05
Reference 5
74.45
4.84e-04
Nickel
7440020
2.80e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.04e-02
Phenanthrene
85018
2.70e-06
Reference 5
74.45
1.01e-04
Phenol
108952
1.60e-05
Reference 5
74.45
5.96e-04
Propionaldehyde
123386
3.80e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.41e-02
Pyrene
129000
3.30e-07
Reference 5
74.45
1.23e-05
Selenium
7782492
1.30e-03
Reference 4,5
74.45
4.84e-02
Styrene
100425
2.50e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
9.31e-04
Tetrachloroethylene
127184
4.30e-05
Reference 4,5
74.45
1.60e-03
Toluene
108883
2.40e-04
Reference 4,5
74.45
8.93e-03
A-129
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCC: 2104001000 and 2104002000
Table 5 (continued)
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
(lb/ton)
Emission Factor
Reference
National Activity Level
(thousand short tons)
National Emissions
(tons/yr)
Bituminous/Subbituminous
Acetaldehyde
75070
5.70e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
1.08e-01
Acetophenone
98862
1.50e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
2.83e-03
Acrolein
107028
2.90e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
5.47e-02
Antimony
7440360
1.80e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
3.40e-03
Arsenic
7440382
4.10e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
7.74e-02
Benz [a] Anthracene
56553
8.00e-08
Reference 5
377.55
1.51e-05
Benzene
71432
1.30e-03
Reference 4,5
377.55
2.45e-01
Benzo[b]Fluoranthene
205992
1.10e-07
Reference 5
377.55
2.08e-05
Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene
191242
2.70e-08
Reference 5
377.55
5.10e-06
Beryllium
7440417
2.10e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
3.96e-03
Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate
117817
7.30e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
1.38e-02
Cadmium
7440439
5.10e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
9.63e-03
Carbon Disulfide
75150
1.30e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
2.45e-02
Chlorobenzene
108907
2.20e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
4.15e-03
Chromium
7440473
2.60e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
4.91e-02
Chrysene
218019
1.00e-07
Reference 4
377.55
1.89e-05
Cobalt
7440484
1.00e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
1.89e-02
Ethyl Benzene
100414
9.40e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
1.77e-02
Ethylene Dichloride
107062
4.00e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
7.55e-03
Formaldehyde
50000
2.40e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
4.53e-02
Hexane
110543
6.70e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
1.27e-02
lndeno[l,2,3-c,d]Pyrene
193395
6.10e-08
Reference 5
377.55
1.15e-05
Isophorone
78591
5.80e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
1.09e-01
Lead
7439921
4.20e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
7.93e-02
Manganese
7439965
4.90e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
9.25e-02
Mercury
7439976
8.30e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
1.57e-02
Methyl Bromide
74839
1.60e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
3.02e-02
Methyl Chloride
74873
5.30e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
1.00e-01
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
3.90e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
7.36e-02
Methylene Chloride
75092
2.90e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
5.47e-02
Nickel
7440020
2.80e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
5.29e-02
Phenol
108952
1.60e-05
Reference 5
377.55
3.02e-03
Propionaldehyde
123386
3.80e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
7.17e-02
Pyrene
129000
3.30e-07
Reference 5
377.55
6.23e-05
Selenium
7782492
1.30e-03
Reference 4,5
377.55
2.45e-01
Styrene
100425
2.50e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
4.72e-03
Tetrachloroethylene
127184
4.30e-05
Reference 4,5
377.55
8.12e-03
Toluene
108883
2.40e-04
Reference 4,5
377.55
4.53e-02
A-130
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS/SUBBITUMINOUS COAL (continued)
SCC: 2104001000 and 2104002000
Example Calculations
„ „ i lb ^ , , f tons coal burned
Emission I •actor x National Activity
. tons | v ton coal J v year j
National Emissions \ = —
year) 2000 —
ton
1.3x10-'lb ln3 ,
x 377.55x 10 ton
National selenium emissions from bituminous coal combustion = = .024541 tons
2000 —
ton
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2000
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2003. Internet Address:
http ://www. eia. doe .gov/emeu/states/_use_multistate. htm
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion." Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2002.
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip
3. U.S. Census Bureau. "Table H40. House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3, [Data file],
March, 2003.
4. Porter, Fred, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Standards Division. Note to Anne Pope, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency/Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division. Comments on Industrial
Boiler information in the "Baseline Emission Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources - Interim
Final Report," September 18, 1998. November 13, 1998.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
A-131
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: DISTILLATE OIL
SCC: 2104004000
The State-level volume of distillate oil consumed for residential heating in the U.S. is used to estimate emissions.
Distillate Oil consumption by energy use sector is presented in the State Energy Data 2000 Consumption published
by the Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Because 2002 consumption data were not yet available, year
2000 consumption data (6,175,092 thousand gallons) were used to estimate 2002 consumption.
State-level distillate oil consumption was allocated to each county using the U.S. Census Bureau's 2000 Census
Detailed Housing Information.2 These data include the number of housing units using a specific type of fuel for
residential heating. Appendix B provides these data in database format. State distillate oil consumption was
allocated to each county using ratio of number of houses burning distillate oil in each county to the total number of
houses burning distillate oil in the State.
Criteria pollutant emission factors for distillate oil are from "Final Summary of the Development and Results of a
Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel Combustion."3 For all counties in the
U.S., the distillate oil consumed for residential heating is assumed to be No. 2 fuel oil with a heating value of
140,000 Btu per gallon and a sulfur content of 0.30%.3
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total distillate oil consumed in
each county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that contains the
emissions factors, total volume of distillate oil burned, and national criteria pollutant and HAP emissions from
residential heating with distillate oil. Emissions from residential heating by distillate oil in the Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands were not estimated for the 2002 NEI.
A-132
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: DISTILLATE OIL (continued)
SCC: 2104004000
Table 1. National Criteria Pollutant and HAP Emissions Summary
for Residential Heating with Distillate Oil
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant Code
Emission
Factor
(lb/1,000 gal)
Emission Factor
Reference
National Activity Level Distillate Oil
Consumption (thousand gallons)
National
Emissions
(lb/yr)
Acenaphthene
83329
2.11e-05
Reference 5
6,175,092
6.51E-02
Acenaphthylene
208968
2.53e-07
Reference 5
6,175,092
7.81E-04
Acetaldehyde
75070
4.92e-03
Reference 5
6,175,092
1.52E+01
Anthracene
120127
1.22e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
3.77E-03
Arsenic
7440382
5.62e-04
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
1.73E+00
Benz [a] Anthracene
56553
4.07e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
1.26E-02
Benzene
71432
2. lle-04
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
6.51E-01
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene
102
1.55e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
4.77E-03
Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene
191242
2.25e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
6.94E-03
Beryllium
7440417
4.21e-04
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
1.30E+00
Cadmium
7440439
4.21e-04
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
1.30E+00
Chromium
7440473
4.21e-04
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
1.30E+00
Chrysene
218019
2.39e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
7.37E-03
Dibenzo [a,h] Anthracene
53703
1.69e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
5.20E-03
Fluoranthene
206440
4.92e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
1.52E-02
Fluorene
86737
4.50e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
1.39E-02
Formaldehyde
50000
3.37e-02
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
1.04E+02
Indeno [ 1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene
193395
2.11e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
6.51E-03
Lead
7439921
1.26e-03
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
3.90E+00
Manganese
7439965
8.43e-04
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
2.60E+00
Mercury
7439976
4.21e-04
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
1.30E+00
Naphthalene
91203
1.14e-03
Reference 5
6,175,092
3.51E+00
Nickel
7440020
4.21e-04
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
1.30E+00
Phenanthrene
85018
1.05e-05
Reference 5
6,175,092
3.25E-02
Pyrene
129000
4.21e-06
Reference 5
6,175,092
1.30E-02
Selenium
7782492
2. lle-03
Reference 4, 5
6,175,092
6.51E+00
CO
CO
5.00e-00
Reference 3
6,175,092
1.54E+04
NOx
NOx
1.80e+01
Reference 3
6,175,092
5.56E+04
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.08e+00
Reference 3
6,175,092
3.33E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
8.30e-01
Reference 3
6,175,092
2.56E+03
PM-CON
PM-CON
1.30e+00
Reference 3
6,175,092
4.01E+03
so2
so2
4.26e+01
Reference 3
6,175,092
1.32E+05
VOC
VOC
7.00e-01
Reference 3
6,175,092
2.16E+03
A-133
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: DISTILLATE OIL (continued)
SCC: 2104004000
Example Calculation
National Emissions
(tons I
year J
( lb \ OAAMMBtu (gal oil burned\
I — Ix x National Activity I I
\MMBtu Oil/ gal \ year J
Emission Factor
\MMBtuUil) gal
T5~
2000
ton
1.5 x 10 lb O.UMMBtu
X X 6,175.092 X 106 gal
.. . ii- ¦ ¦ MMBtu gal
National selenium emissions = t; = 6-51 tons
lb
2000
ton
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2000
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2003. Internet Address:
http ://www. eia. doe .gov/emeu/states/_use_multistate. html
2. U.S. Census Bureau. "Table H40. House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3, [Data file],
March, 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion." September 2002.
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_residluel_inven_apr2003.zip
4. Porter, Fred, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Standards Division. Note to Anne Pope, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency/Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division. Comments on Industrial
Boiler information in the "Baseline Emission Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources - Interim
Final Report," September 18, 1998. November 13, 1998.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
A-134
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: KEROSENE
SCC: 2104011000
The State-level volume of kerosene consumed for residential heating in the United States is used to estimate
emissions. Kerosene consumption by energy use sector is available from the Energy Information Administration
(EIA).1 Because 2002 consumption data were not yet available, year 2000 consumption data were used to estimate
2002 consumption.
State-level kerosene consumption was allocated to each county using the U.S. Census Bureau's 2000 Census
detailed housing data.2 These data provide the number of housing units using fuel oil/kerosene for residential
heating. Appendix B provides these data in database format. Kerosene consumption ratios were calculated using the
ratio of the number of houses burning kerosene in each county to the total number of houses burning kerosene in the
State. These consumption ratios were used to calculate county-level kerosene consumption.
Pollutant emission factors for residential kerosene combustion are based on the emission factors for residential
distillate oil combustion. 'IA Because the heating value of kerosene is approximately 135,000 Btu/gallon and the
heating value of distillate fuel oil is approximately 140,000 Btu/gallon, the kerosene emission factors were estimated
by multiplying the distillate fuel oil emission factors by 135/140.6
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total annual amount of
kerosene consumed in each county by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that
displays the emission factors, total volume of kerosene burned, and national criteria pollutant and HAP emissions
from residential heating with kerosene. Emissions from residential heating by kerosene in Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands were not estimated for the 2002 NEI.
A-135
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: KEROSENE (continued)
SCC: 2104011000
Table 1. National Criteria Pollutant and HAP Emissions Summary
for Residential Heating with Kerosene
National Activity Level
National
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Emission Factor
Emission Factor
Kerosene Consumption
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Codes
(lb/1,000 barrels)
Reference
(thousand barrels)
(tons/yr)
Acenaphthene
83329
8.53E-04
Reference 5,6
16,679
7.12E-03
Acenaphthylene
208968
1.02E-05
Reference 5,6
16,679
8.54E-05
Acetaldehyde
75070
1.99E-01
Reference 5,6
16,679
1.66E+00
Anthracene
120127
4.95E-05
Reference 5,6
16,679
4.13E-04
Arsenic
7440382
2.28E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
1.90E-01
Benz [a] Anthracene
56553
1.65E-04
Reference 5,6
16,679
1.38E-03
Benzene
71432
8.53E-03
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
7.12E-02
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene
102
6.26E-05
Reference 5,6
16,679
5.22E-04
Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene
191242
9.10E-05
Reference 5,6
16,679
7.59E-04
Beryllium
7440417
1.71E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
1.42E-01
Cadmium
7440439
1.71E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
1.42E-01
Chromium
7440473
1.71E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
1.42E-01
Chrysene
218019
9.67E-05
Reference 5,6
16,679
8.07E-04
Dibenzo [a,h] Anthracene
53703
6.83E-05
Reference 5,6
16,679
5.69E-04
Fluoranthene
206440
1.99E-04
Reference 5,6
16,679
1.66E-03
Fluorene
86737
1.82E-04
Reference 5,6
16,679
1.52E-03
Formaldehyde
50000
1.37E+00
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
1.14E+01
Indeno [ 1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene
193395
8.53E-05
Reference 5,6
16,679
7.12E-04
Lead
7439921
5.12E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
4.27E-01
Manganese
7439965
3.41E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
2.85E-01
Mercury
7439976
1.71E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
1.42E-01
Naphthalene
91203
4.61E-02
Reference 5,6
16,679
3.84E-01
Nickel
7440020
1.71E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
1.42E-01
Phenanthrene
85018
4.27E-04
Reference 5,6
16,679
3.56E-03
Pyrene
129000
1.71E-04
Reference 5,6
16,679
1.42E-03
Selenium
7782492
8.53E-02
Reference 4,5,6
16,679
7.12E-01
CO
CO
2.03E+02
Reference 3,6
16,679
1,688.78
NOx
NOx
7.29E+02
Reference 3,6
16,679
6,079.62
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
4.37E+01
Reference 3,6
16,679
364.78
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
3.36E+01
Reference 3,6
16,679
280.34
PM-CON
PM-CON
5.27E+01
Reference 3,6
16,679
439.08
so2
so2
1.73E+03
Reference 3,6
16,679
14,388.42
VOC
VOC
2.84E+01
Reference 3,6
16,679
236.43
A-136
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: KEROSENE (continued)
SCC: 2104011000
Example Calculation
National Emissions
= Distillate Emission Factor
barrel
1000 barrels
I ton
National Activity
X 2000lbs
year
National Selenium Emissions
0.002107ft 135 42
x x —
X
X
x 16,679.33 thousand barrels x
1 ton
1000 gallons 140 1
2000 lbs
= 0.712 tons / year
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2000
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2003. Internet Address:
http ://www. eia. doe .gov/emeu/states/_use_multistate. html
2. U.S. Census Bureau. "Table H40. House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3, [Data file],
March, 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. "Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion." September 2002.
http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/dratl999_residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip
4. Porter, Fred, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Standards Division. Note to Anne Pope, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency/Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division. Comments on Industrial
Boiler information in the "Baseline Emission Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources - Interim
Final Report," September 18, 1998. November 13, 1998.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
6. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Commercial Buildings Glossary, available
from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/gloss.html, accessed September 2004.
A-137
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
SCC: 2104007000
Residential liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) combustion emissions were calculated using the volume of LPG
consumed in the United States. State-level LPG consumption by sector is available from the Energy Information
Administration (EIA).1 Year 2000 consumption data were used to estimate 2002 consumption because these data
were the latest data available.
State-level LPG consumption was allocated to each county using the U.S. Census Bureau's 2000 Census detailed
housing data.2 These data report the number of housing units using "bottled, tank, or LP gas" for residential heating.
Appendix B provides these data in database format. State LPG consumption was allocated to each county using the
ratio of number of houses burning LPG in each county to the total number of houses burning LPG in the State.
Pollutant emission factors for residential LPG are based on the residential natural gas emission factors.3'4,5 For all
counties in the United States, the natural gas consumed for residential heating is assumed to have a heating value of
1,050 Btu per cubic foot and a sulfur content of 2,000 grains per million cubic feet.3 The natural gas emission
factors (in lb/million Btu) were converted to LPG emission factors (in lb/million gallons) by multiplying by 91,330
Btu/gallon.6
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total annual amount of LPG
consumed in each county by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that displays
the emission factors, total volume of LPG burned, and national criteria pollutant and HAP emissions from residential
heating with LPG. Emissions from residential heating by LPG in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were not
estimated for the 2002 NEI.
Table 1. National Criteria Pollutant and HAP Emissions Summary
for Residential Heating with LPG
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0 Pollutant
Code
Emission Factor
(lb/thousand barrels)
Emission Factor
Reference
National Activity LPG
(Thousand barrels)
National
Emissions
(tons/yr)
Formaldehyde
50000
2.88E-01
Reference 4,6
156,280
2.25E+01
Benzene
71432
8.07E-03
Reference 4,6
156,280
6.31E-01
Acetaldehyde
75070
5.00E-05
Reference 4,6
156,280
3.91E-03
Pyrene
129000
1.92E-05
Reference 5,6
156,280
1.50E-03
Phenanthrene
85018
6.54E-05
Reference 5,6
156,280
5.11E-03
Fluoranthene
206440
1.15E-05
Reference 5,6
156,280
8.99E-04
Fluorene
86737
1.07E-05
Reference 5,6
156,280
8.39E-04
Naphthalene
91203
2.34E-03
Reference 5,6
156,280
1.83E-01
CO
CO
1.46E+02
Reference 3,6
156,280
1.14E+04
NOX
NOX
3.43E+02
Reference 3,6
156,280
2.68E+04
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
6.94E+00
Reference 3,6
156,280
5.42E+02
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
6.94E+00
Reference 3,6
156,280
5.42E+02
PM-CON
PM-CON
2.08E+01
Reference 3,6
156,280
1.63E+03
so2
so2
2.19E+00
Reference 3,6
156,280
1.71E+02
VOC
VOC
2.01E+01
Reference 3,6
156,280
1.57E+03
A-138
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (continued)
SCC: 2104007000
Example Calculation:
, „ , ,, ^ . lb | \ million cubic ft (Natural Gas)
National Emissions = Natural Gas Emission bactor x x
million cubic ft) 1,050 million Btu
91,330Btu A2 gallons Imillionbarrels , , f thousand barrels
x x x National Activity -
gallon (I.I'G) barrel 1000 thousand barrels v year
1 ton
2000 lbs
2.94 E-06/Z> 1 million cubic feet 91,330 Btu Mgallons
National fluorene emissions = — -— x x - x — — x
million cubic jeet 1,'050 million Btu gallon barrel
Imillionbarrels 156,:280.15003 thousand barrels Iton
¦ x x ¦
1000 thousand barrels year 2000 lbs
8.39 x 10 4 tons ! year
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2000
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2003. Internet Address:
http://www. eia. doe .gov/emeu/states/_use_multistate. html
2. U.S. Census Bureau. "Table H40. House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3, [Data file],
March, 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. September 2002. Internet address:
http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/dratl999_residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip
4. Porter, Fred, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Standards Division. Note to Anne Pope, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency/Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division. Comments on Industrial
Boiler information in the "Baseline Emission Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources - Interim
Final Report," September 18, 1998. November 13, 1998.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
6. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, 2001 Glossary, available from
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/glossary.html, accessed September 2004.
A-139
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: NATURAL GAS
SCC: 2104006000
The State-level volume of natural gas consumed for residential heating in the United States is used to estimate
emissions. Natural gas consumption by energy use sector is presented in the State Energy Data 2000 Consumption
published by the EIA.1 Year 2000 consumption data (4,991,678 million cubic feet) were used to estimate 2002
consumption because these data were the latest data available.
State-level natural gas consumption was allocated to each county using the U.S. Census Bureau's 2000 Census
Detailed Housing Information.2 These data include the number of housing units using a specific type of fuel for
residential heating. Appendix B contains the fuel type data in database format. State distillate oil consumption was
allocated to each county using ratio of number of houses burning distillate oil in each county to the total number of
houses burning distillate oil in the State.
Criteria pollutant emission factors for natural gas are from "Final Summary of the Development and Results of a
Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel Combustion."3 For all counties in the
United States, the natural gas consumed for residential heating is assumed to have a heating value of 1,050 Btu per
cubic foot and a sulfur content of 2,000 grains per million cubic feet.3
County-level criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total natural gas consumed in
each county per year by an emission factor. Table 1 is a national summary of the emissions data that contains the
emissions factors, total volume of natural gas burned, and national criteria pollutant and HAP emissions from
residential heating with natural gas. Emissions from residential heating by natural gas in the Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands were not estimated for the 2002 NEI.
Table 1. National Criteria Pollutant and HAP Emissions Summary
for Residential Heating with Natural Gas
Pollutant Description
NIF 3.0
Pollutant
Codes
Emission Factor
(lb/million cubic ft)
Emission
Factor
Reference
National Activity
Natural Gas
(million cubic feet)
National
Emissions
(tons/yr)
Formaldehyde
50000
7.88e-02
Reference 4
4,991,678
1.97e+02
Benzene
71432
2.21e-03
Reference 4
4,991,678
5.51e+00
Acetaldehyde
75070
1.37e-05
Reference 4
4,991,678
3.41e-02
Pyrene
129000
5.25e-06
Reference 5
4,991,678
1.31e-02
Phenanthrene
85018
1.79e-05
Reference 5
4,991,678
4.46e-02
Fluoranthene
206440
3.15e-06
Reference 5
4,991,678
7.86e-03
Fluorene
86737
2.94e-06
Reference 5
4,991,678
7.34e-03
Naphthalene
91203
6.41e-04
Reference 5
4,991,678
1.60e+00
CO
CO
4.00E+01
Reference 3
4,991,678
9.98E+04
NOx
NOx
9.40E+01
Reference 3
4,991,678
2.35E+05
PM10-FIL
PM10-FIL
1.90E+00
Reference 3
4,991,678
4.74E+03
PM25-FIL
PM25-FIL
1.90E+00
Reference 3
4,991,678
4.74E+03
PM-CON
PM-CON
5.70E+00
Reference 3
4,991,678
1.42E+04
S02
S02
6.00E-01
Reference 3
4,991,678
1.50E+03
VOC
VOC
5.50E+00
Reference 3
4,991,678
1.37E+04
A-140
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING: NATURAL GAS (continued)
SCC: 2104006000
Example Calculation:
(lb \ 1050MMBtu I million fP nat gas
, — Ix x National Activity
MMBtu) million ft
\year J
t million ft y year
National Emissions f
lb
2000
ton
2.8x10~9 lb 1050MMBtu 1
x — x 4,991,678 million ft
MMBtu milhon ft3
National fluorene emissions = = 7.34e- 03 tons
tons
2000
yr
References:
1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2000
Consumption. Washington, D.C. 2003. Internet Address:
http://www. eia. doe .gov/emeu/states/_use_multistate. html
2. U.S. Census Bureau. "Table H40. House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3, [Data file],
March, 2003.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the
Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel
Combustion. September 2002. Internet address:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draftl999_residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip
4. Porter, Fred, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Standards Division. Note to Anne Pope, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency/Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division. Comments on Industrial
Boiler information in the "Baseline Emission Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources - Interim
Final Report," September 18, 1998. November 13, 1998.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42,
Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.
A-141
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
The emission estimation methodology for this source category was taken directly from the results of a study by
EIAG.1 Emissions associated with residential heating with wood are estimated for seven types of equipment and
reported under the following SCCs:
Fireplaces: Without Inserts (SCC = 2104008001);
Fireplaces: Inserts - Catalytic, non-EPA-certified (SCC = 2104008002);
Fireplaces: Inserts - Non-catalytic, EPA-certified (SCC = 2104008003);
Fireplaces: Inserts - Catalytic, EPA-certified (SCC = 2104008004);
Woodstoves - Conventional (SCC = 2104008010);
Woodstoves - Catalytic (SCC = 2104008030); and,
Woodstoves - Non-catalytic (SCC = 2104008050)
The following is a summary of the study's methods.
Appendix C contains the final activity data, wood consumption by type of combustion device, that was developed
for residential heating using wood. The following steps were taken to estimate the national and county-level activity
data for this category:
1. Use the 2001 national activity data to extrapolate national activity data for 2002. The activity data for
residential wood combustion (RWC) were estimated based on the type of combustion unit. Table 1 identifies
the steps followed to estimate the national number of fireplaces without inserts, and the national amount of
cordwood burned in the fireplaces. Table 2 shows the steps followed to estimate the national number of
woodstoves and fireplaces with inserts, and the national amount of cordwood burned in these combustion
units. The national number of fireplaces without inserts, fireplaces with inserts, and woodstoves was taken
from the 2001 American Housing Survey for the United States (AHS)2, which is released every two years.
The national numbers were adjusted to account for the number of usable fireplaces and woodstoves that are
used to burn wood (see Tables 1 and 2). Cordwood consumption was then estimated for each of these three
types of equipment. The 2001 national cordwood consumption was then adjusted to 2002 national cordwood
consumption using a ratio of national heating demand for both years (see Tables 1 and 2).3
2. Group all counties into one of five climate zones to address wood consumption differences due to
temperature. The extent of wood consumption in residential combustion units is directly related to
temperature - in colder climates more wood is consumed. The second step in the method was to use
historical climate data to assign each county in the country to one of five climate zones. The climate zones
are defined by the National Climatic Data Center and are based on heating degree day (HDD) and cooling
degree day (CDD) data. The database used for climate zone assignments was revised in May 2004. Each
climate zone was then assigned a percentage of total national wood consumption based on information
contained in the Energy Information Administration's Residential Energy Consumption database.4 The
following shows the percentage of national wood consumption allocated to each climate zone:
Activity Data
Climate Zone
1 (>7000 HDD)
2 (5500-7000 HDD)
3 (4000-5499 HDD)
4 (<4000 HDD and <2000 CDD)
5 (<4000 HDD and >2000 CDD)
Percent of Wood Consumed
36
19
21
15
9
A-142
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 1. Methods for Estimating National Wood Consumption for Fireplaces Without Inserts
Step
Description
Calculation Step
Reference
Total
1
Number of homes with usable
fireplaces (inserts and no inserts)
2001 American Housing
Survey (Table 2-25; Selected
Amenities, Usable Fireplaces)
(http://www.census.gov/hhes/
www/housing/ahs/ahsO 1/
tab225.html)
35,097,000
2
Number of usable fireplaces
(inserts and no inserts)
Multiply Step 1 by factor (1.17)
for more than 1 unit per home
US Consumer Product Safety
Commission, March 1989
41,063,490
3
Number of usable fireplaces
burning wood (as opposed to gas)
Multiply Step 2 by factor (0.74)
to estimate number of units
burning wood
Houck, Based on industry sales
data from Hearth Products,
Vista Marketing, and Industry
reps.
30,386,983
4
Number of wood burning, usable
fireplaces actually in use
Multiply Step 3 by factor (0.58)
to estimate the number of
fireplaces in use
Houck, Based on five local
surveys, Vista Marketing
Research survey, US Consumer
Product Safety report and on a
3/97 Housing economics
article.
17,624,450
5
Number of homes with fireplaces
with inserts, used for main heating
2001 American Housing
Survey (Table 2-4)
(http://www.census.gov/hhes/
www/housing/ahs/ahsO 1/
tab24.html)
145,000
6
Number of homes with fireplaces
with inserts, used for other heating
2001 American Housing
Survey (Table 2-4)
(http://www.census.gov/hhes/
www/housing/ahs/ahsO 1/
tab24.html)
4,937,000
7
Total number of homes with
fireplaces with inserts, used for
heating
Sum of Steps 5 and 6
5,082,000
8
Total number of fireplaces with
inserts, used for heating
Multiply Step 7 by factor (1.10)
for more than 1 unit per home
US Consumer Product Safety
Commission, March 1989
5,590,200
9
Total fireplaces without inserts
burning wood
Step 4 minus Step 8
12,034,250
10
Number of homes with fireplaces
(no inserts) used for main heating
2001 American Housing
Survey (Table 2-4)
(http://www.census.gov/hhes/
www/housing/ahs/ahsO 1/
tab24.html)
64,000
11
Number of homes with fireplaces
(no inserts) used for other heating
2001 American Housing
Survey (Table 2-4)
(http://www.census.gov/hhes/
www/housing/ahs/ahsO 1/
tab24.html)
4,055,000
12
Total number of homes with
fireplaces (no inserts) used for
heating
Sum of Steps 10 and 11
4,119,000
13
Total number of fireplaces (no
inserts) used for heating
Multiply Step 12 by factor
(1.17) for more than 1 unit per
home
US Consumer Product Safety
Commission, March 1989
4,819,230
14
Number of fireplaces used for
aesthetics and pleasure
Step 9 minus Step 13
7,215,020
A-143
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 1 (continued)
Step
Description
Calculation Step
Reference
Total
15
Cords consumed in fireplaces
without inserts used for heating
Step 13 times 0.656
cords/unit/yr (wood
consumption rate for fireplaces
w/o inserts used for heating)
3,161,415
16
Cords consumed in fireplaces
without inserts used for aesthetics
and pleasure
Step 14 times 0.069
cords/unit/yr (wood
consumption rate for fireplaces
w/o inserts used for aesthetics
and pleasure)
497,836
17
Total cords consumed in fireplaces
without inserts
Sum of Steps 15 and 16
3,659,251
18
Dry weight wax/sawdust fireplace
logs (tons)
Calculating the 2 year
percentage increase from 1997
to 1999 then applying that
increase to estimate 2001.
Houck 2001b. Recommended
Procedure for Compiling
Emission Inventory Data For
Manufactured Wax/Sawdust
Fireplace Logs.
263,695
19
Approximate cordwood equivalent
value for wax/sawdust fireplace
logs used in 2001 (dry tons)
Multiply Step 18 by 4.49
Houck 2001b. Recommended
Procedure for Compiling
Emission Inventory Data For
Manufactured Wax/Sawdust
Fireplace Logs.
1,183,991
20
Cordwood value adjusted for
wax/sawdust fireplace log use 2001
Subtract Step 19 from 17
2,475,261
21
Cordwood value adjusted for
wax/sawdust fireplace log use 2002
Multiply Step 20 times amount
of cordwood used in 2002/2001
(350/407 Trillion BTU)
EIA. Estimated Renewable
Energy Consumption:
Residential and Commercial
Sectors. Table 10.2a. Monthly
Energy Review. August, 2003.
This table has both the 2001
and 2002 fuel consumption
from residential wood (in
trillion BTU)
2,128,603
A-144
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 2. Methods for Estimating National Wood Consumption for Fireplaces with Inserts and Woodstoves
Step
Description
Calculation Step
Reference
Total
1
Number of homes with
woodstoves used for main heating
2001 American Housing Survey
(Table 2-4)
(http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/
housing/ahs/ahsO 1 /tab24 .html)
1,137,000
2
Number of homes with
woodstoves used for other heating
2001 American Housing Survey
(Table 2-4)
(http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/
housing/ahs/ahsO 1 /tab24 .html)
4,834,000
3
Total number of homes with
woodstoves used for heating
Sum of Steps 1 and 2
5,971,000
4
Total number of woodstoves used
for heating
Multiply Step 3 by factor
(1.09) for more than 1 unit per
home
US Consumer Product Safety
Commission, March 1989
6,508,390
5
Number of homes with fireplaces
with inserts, used for main
heating
From Table 1, Step 5
145,000
6
Number of homes with fireplaces
with inserts, used for other
heating
From Table 1, Step 6
4,937,000
7
Total number of homes with
fireplaces with inserts
Sum of Steps 5 and 6
From Table 1, Step 7
5,082,000
8
Total number fireplaces with
inserts
Multiply Step 7 by factor
(1.10) for more than 1 unit per
home
US Consumer Product Safety
Commission, March 1989
5,590,200
9
Total number of fireplaces with
inserts and woodstoves
Sum of Steps 4 plus 8
12,098,590
10
Total cords of wood consumed by
residential sector (doesn't include
consumption for aesthetics or
pleasure)
Multiply 1997 data
(21,700,000 cords) by
2001/1997 ratio of residential
wood Btus (407 trillion
Btus/433 trillion Btus)
1997 cords of wood data from EIA
Renewable Energy Annual (Dec.
1998). 2001 Btu data from Table 7 of
Renewable Energy Annual 2002
(Nov. 2003); 1997 Btu data from
Table 7 of Renewable Energy Annual
2001 (Nov. 2002).
20,396,998
11
Cords consumed in fireplaces
without inserts used for heating
From Table 1, Step 15
3,161,415
12
Total cords of wood consumed by
residential sector in
woodstoves/fireplaces with
inserts
Step 10 minus Step 11
17,235,583
13
Cords consumed per
woodstove/insert unit per year
Step 12 divided by Step 9
1.425
14
Cords consumed in fireplaces
with inserts in 2001
Step 13 times Step 8
7,963,767
15
Cords consumed in woodstoves in
2001
Step 13 times Step 4
9,271,816
16
Cords consumed in fireplaces
with inserts in 2002
Multiply Step 14 times amount
of cordwood used in
2002/2001 (350/407 Trillion
BTU)
EIA. Estimated Renewable Energy
Consumption: Residential and
Commercial Sectors. Table 10.2a.
Monthly Energy Review. August,
2003. This table has both the 2001
and 2002 fuel consumption from
residential wood (in trillion BTU)
6,848,449
A-145
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Step
Description
Calculation Step
Reference
Total
17
Cords consumed in woodstoves in
2002
Multiply Step 15 times amount
of cordwood used in
2002/2001 (350/407 Trillion
BTU)
EIA. Estimated Renewable Energy
Consumption: Residential and
Commercial Sectors. Table 10.2a.
Monthly Energy Review. August,
2003. This table has both the 2001
and 2002 fuel consumption from
residential wood (in trillion BTU)
7,973,306
3. Allocate the consumption level in each zone to individual counties in that zone. The next step in the
procedure was to allocate the wood consumption in each climate zone to individual counties in that zone.
This was accomplished using the relative percent of detached single-family homes in each county compared
to the number of detached single-family homes in the entire climate zone. The number of detached single-
family homes by county was obtained from year 2000 Census data.5 The county-level housing data are
presented in Appendix B by State and county FIPS and climate zone.
4. Designate each county as urban or rural. Each county was then designated as urban or rural in order to
reflect equipment usage patterns. The U.S. Bureau of Census classifies a county as rural if less than 50% of
its population is located in cities and towns, and urban if more than 50% of its population is located in cities
and towns. Estimated 2002 urban/rural population data were used for this classification. These data were
developed by multiplying the year 2000 ratios of U.S. Census Bureau urban and rural population to total
population by the year 2002 U.S. Census Bureau total population in each county.6
5. Adjust urban and rural wood consumption to match AHS data. In each zone, the total urban and rural
county wood consumption was summed. If the urban and rural totals did not match the expected percent split
for that combustion unit as described in the AHS data, then an adjustment was made within the zone for each
county's consumption. The 2001 AHS shows that each type of combustion unit occurs preferentially in
urban and rural areas.2 The percent of combustion units found in urban and rural areas was used as a
surrogate for wood consumption. AHS estimated that 73% of fireplaces without inserts are found in urban
areas compared to 27% in rural areas. For woodstoves, AHS estimated that 65% of the woodstoves are found
in rural areas compared to 35% in urban areas. For fireplaces with inserts, AHS estimated that 57% of the
inserts are found in urban areas compared to 43% in rural areas. The following Table 3 shows how the
percentages were derived from the 2001 AHS data:
A-146
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 3. Calculation of Urban Versus Rural Distribution of Fireplaces Without Inserts,
Fireplaces With Inserts, and Woodstoves
Type of Heating/
Geographic Location
2001 National Number of Occupied Housing Units
(1,000)
Fireplaces
Without Inserts
Fireplaces
With Inserts
Woodstoves
Main
Urban
33
61
192
Rural
31
84
939
Other Heating
Urban
2,985
2,840
1,910
Rural
1,071
2,097
2,924
Total Heating
Urban
3,018
2,901
2,102
Rural
1,102
2,181
3,863
% Urban
73%
57%
35%
% Rural
27%
43%
65%
From second page of Table 2-4 (Selected Equipment and Plumbing Occupied Units) of 2001 American Housing
Survey for the United States (pdf file).
6. Allocate wood consumption to equipment types designated by SCC. Wood consumption in fireplaces
without inserts was placed on SCC 2104008001. Total wood consumption for woodstoves and fireplaces
with inserts were apportioned as follows:
Type of Device
Non-certified
Certified non-catalytic
Certified catalytic
SCCs for Fireplaces SCCs for Percent of Total
with Inserts Woodstoves Wood Consumption
2104008002 2104008010 92
2104008003 2104008050 5.7
2104008004 2104008030 2.3
The steps described above resulted in final cordwood consumption by county. Cordwood was converted to tons of
wood before estimating emissions using a conversion factor of one cord of wood equaling 1.163 tons.7 The wood
consumption estimates for stoves and inserts were further divided to account for the different designs of units that
exist in the marketplace. The different designs of stoves/inserts have been found to have different levels of
emissions. Based on data received from the Hearth Products Association,8 three primary types of units are in use:
non-certified, which constitute 92% of the stoves manufactured; certified, non-catalytic (5.7%); and catalytic (2.3%).
These splits were applied to the national, State, and county cordwood consumption estimates prior to the application
of emission factors. National-level usage by SCC was computed as follows:
SCC 2104008001 = 2,475,565 tons;
SCC 2104008002 = 7,327,566 tons;
SCC 2104008003 = 453,991 tons;
SCC 2104008004 = 183,189 tons;
SCC 2104008010 = 8,531,118 tons;
SCC 2104008030 = 213,278 tons; and
SCC 2104008050 = 528,558 tons.
A-147
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Emission Factors
The majority of the emission factors used to determine national emission estimates for RWC were obtained from
EPA's AP-42 document (Tables 1.9-1, 1.10-3, and 1.10-4).9 Some of the stove and insert factors were adjusted
based on new data developed in the reference Review of Wood Heater and Fireplace Emission Factors.10 The
emission factors generated by Houck, et. al.10 for 7-PAH and 16-PAH were lower than the associated AP-42
emission factors. Therefore, the AP-42 PAH emission factors were adjusted downward by 62% for conventional
woodstoves, 51% for catalytic woodstoves, and 40% for non-catalytic woodstoves. Tables 4-10 summarize the
emission factors and emissions used for the HAP and criteria pollutants.
Seasonal Throughput Data
Default seasonal throughput values prepared during development of the RWC methodology are listed as follows by
National Climate Data Center climate zone:
Climate
Zone
Winter
S Drin a
Summer
Fall
5
100
0
0
0
4
70
15
0
15
3
50
25
0
25
2
40
30
0
30
1
33.33
33.33
0
33.33
These seasonal throughput percentage values were included in the Emission Process table of the inventory. The
climate zone to which each State and county was assigned is available in the Appendix B table containing the year
2000 detached single-family housing data.
Table 4 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for SCC 2104008001
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Pollutant
Emission
Factor
Factor
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
Factor
Units
Reference
(tons/year)
Carbon Monoxide
CO
1.28E+02
lb/ton
10
1.59E+05
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
2.60E+00
lb/ton
9
3.22E+03
Primary PM10,total
PM10-PRI
2.36E+01
lb/ton
10
2.92E+04
Primary PM2 5, total
PM25-PRI
2.36E+01
lb/ton
10
2.92E+04
Sulfur Dioxide
S02
4.00E-01
lb/ton
9
4.95E+02
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC
2.29E+02
lb/ton
9
2.83E+05
A-148
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 5 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for SCC 2104008002
NIF 3.0
Emission
Pollutant
Emission
Emission Factor
Factor
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
Factor
Units
Reference
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
6.21E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.28E+01
Acenaphthylene
208968
1.32E-01
lb/ton
9,10
4.84E+02
Anthracene
120127
8.69E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.18E+01
Benz(a)anthracene
56553
1.24E-02
lb/ton
9,10
4.54E+01
Benzene
71432
1.94E+00
lb/ton
9
7.10E+03
Benzo(a)pyrene
50328
2.48E-03
lb/ton
9,10
9.09E+00
B enzo (b)fluoranthene
205992
3.73E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.37E+01
Benzo(e)pyrene
192972
7.45E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.73E+01
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
191242
2.48E-03
lb/ton
9,10
9.09E+00
B enzo (k)fluoranthene
207089
1.24E-03
lb/ton
9,10
4.54E+00
Cadmium
7440439
2.20E-05
lb/ton
9
8.06E-02
Carbon Monoxide
CO
2.31E+02
lb/ton
9
8.46E+05
Chrysene
218019
7.45E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.73E+01
Fluoranthene
206440
1.24E-02
lb/ton
9,10
4.54E+01
Fluorene
86737
1.49E-02
lb/ton
9,10
5.46E+01
Manganese
7439965
1.70E-04
lb/ton
9
6.23E-01
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
2.90E-01
lb/ton
9
1.06E+03
Naphthalene
91203
1.79E-01
lb/ton
9,10
6.56E+02
Nickel
7440020
1.40E-05
lb/ton
9
5.13E-02
Nitrogen Oxides
noy
2.80E+00
lb/ton
9
1.03E+04
O-xylene
95476
2.02E-01
lb/ton
9
7.40E+02
Phenanthrene
85018
4.84E-02
lb/ton
9,10
1.77E+02
Primary PMin, total
PM10-PRI
3.06E+01
lb/ton
9
1.12E+05
Primary PM,total
PM25-PRI
3.06E+01
lb/ton
9
1.12E+05
Pyrene
129000
1.49E-02
lb/ton
9,10
5.46E+01
Sulfur Dioxide
SO,
4.00E-01
lb/ton
9
1.47E+03
Toluene
108883
7.30E-01
lb/ton
9
2.67E+03
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
5.30E+01
lb/ton
9
1.94E+05
A-149
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 6 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for SCC 2104008003
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Pollutant
Emission
Factor
Factor
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
Factor
Units
Reference
(tons/year)
7,12-Dimethyl/benz(a)anthracene
57976
1.62E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.68E-01
Acenaphthene
83329
4.04E-03
lb/ton
9,10
9.17E-01
Acenaphthylene
208968
1.29E-02
lb/ton
9,10
2.93E+00
Anthracene
120127
3.64E-03
lb/ton
9,10
8.26E-01
Benzo(a)pyrene
50328
2.42E-03
lb/ton
9,10
5.49E-01
B enzo (b)fluoranthene
205992
1.62E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.68E-01
Benzo(e)pyrene
192972
8.08E-04
lb/ton
9,10
1.83E-01
Benzo(g,h,i)Fluoranthene
203123
1.13E-02
lb/ton
9,10
2.57E+00
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
191242
8.08E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.83E+00
Biphenyl
92524
8.89E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.02E+00
Cadmium
7440439
2.00E-05
lb/ton
9
4.54E-03
Carbon Monoxide
CO
1.41E+02
lb/ton
9
3.20E+04
Chrysene
218019
4.04E-03
lb/ton
9,10
9.17E-01
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
53703
1.62E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.68E-01
Fluoranthene
206440
3.23E-03
lb/ton
9,10
7.33E-01
Fluorene
86737
5.66E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.28E+00
Indeno( 1,2,3 -cd)pyrene
193395
8.08E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.83E+00
Manganese
7439965
1.40E-04
lb/ton
9
3.18E-02
Naphthalene
91203
5.82E-02
lb/ton
9,10
1.32E+01
Nickel
7440020
2.00E-05
lb/ton
9
4.54E-03
Perylene
198550
8.08E-04
lb/ton
9,10
1.83E-01
Phenanthrene
85018
4.77E-02
lb/ton
9,10
1.08E+01
PRIMARY PMin, total
PM10-PRI
1.96E+01
lb/ton
9
4.45E+03
PRIMARY PM, „ total
PM25-PRI
1.96E+01
lb/ton
9
4.45E+03
Pyrene
129000
3.23E-03
lb/ton
9,10
7.33E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
SO,
4.00E-01
lb/ton
9
9.08E+01
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC
1.20E+01
lb/ton
9
2.72E+03
A-150
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 7 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for SCC 2104008004
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Pollutant
Emission
Factor
Factor
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
Factor
Units
Reference
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
3.08E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.82E-01
Acenaphthylene
208968
3.49E-02
lb/ton
9,10
3.20E+00
Anthracene
120127
4.10E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.76E-01
Benz(a)anthracene
56553
1.23E-02
lb/ton
9,10
1.13E+00
Benzene
71432
1.46E+00
lb/ton
9
1.34E+02
Benzo(a)pyrene
50328
2.05E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.88E-01
B enzo (b)fluoranthene
205992
2.05E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.88E-01
Benzo(e)pyrene
192972
2.05E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.88E-01
Benzo(g,h,i)Fluoranthene
203123
3.08E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.82E-01
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
191242
1.03E-03
lb/ton
9,10
9.43E-02
B enzo (k)fluoranthene
207089
1.03E-03
lb/ton
9,10
9.43E-02
Carbon Monoxide
CO
1.04E+02
lb/ton
9
9.56E+03
Chrysene
218019
5.13E-03
lb/ton
9,10
4.70E-01
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
53703
1.03E-03
lb/ton
9,10
9.43E-02
Fluoranthene
206440
6.16E-03
lb/ton
9,10
5.64E-01
Fluorene
86737
7.18E-03
lb/ton
9,10
6.58E-01
Indeno( 1,2,3 -cd)pyrene
193395
2.05E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.88E-01
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
6.20E-02
lb/ton
9
5.68E+00
Naphthalene
91203
9.54E-02
lb/ton
9,10
8.74E+00
Nitrogen Oxides
noy
2.00E+00
lb/ton
9
1.83E+02
O-xylene
95476
1.86E-01
lb/ton
9
1.70E+01
Phenanthrene
85018
2.46E-02
lb/ton
9,10
2.25E+00
PRIMARY PMin, total
PM10-PRI
2.04E+01
lb/ton
9
1.87E+03
PRIMARY PM, „ total
PM25-PRI
2.04E+01
lb/ton
9
1.87E+03
Pyrene
129000
5.13E-03
lb/ton
9,10
4.70E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
SO,
4.00E-01
lb/ton
9
3.66E+01
Toluene
108883
5.20E-01
lb/ton
9
4.76E+01
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
1.50E+01
lb/ton
9
1.37E+03
A-151
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 8 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for SCC 2104008010
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Pollutant
Emission
Factor
Factor
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
Factor
Units
Reference
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
6.21E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.65E+01
Acenaphthylene
208968
1.32E-01
lb/ton
9,10
5.63E+02
Anthracene
120127
8.69E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.71E+01
Benz(a)anthracene
56553
1.24E-02
lb/ton
9,10
5.29E+01
Benzene
71432
1.94E+00
lb/ton
9
8.27E+03
Benzo(a)pyrene
50328
2.48E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.06E+01
B enzo (b)fluoranthene
205992
3.73E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.59E+01
Benzo(e)pyrene
192972
7.45E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.18E+01
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
191242
2.48E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.06E+01
B enzo (k)fluoranthene
207089
1.24E-03
lb/ton
9,10
5.29E+00
Cadmium
7440439
2.20E-05
lb/ton
9
9.38E-02
Carbon Monoxide
CO
2.31E+02
lb/ton
9
9.84E+05
Chrysene
218019
7.45E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.18E+01
Fluoranthene
206440
1.24E-02
lb/ton
9,10
5.29E+01
Fluorene
86737
1.49E-02
lb/ton
9,10
6.36E+01
Manganese
7439965
1.70E-04
lb/ton
9
7.25E-01
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
2.90E-01
lb/ton
9
1.24E+03
Naphthalene
91203
1.79E-01
lb/ton
9,10
7.64E+02
Nickel
7440020
1.40E-05
lb/ton
9
5.97E-02
Nitrogen Oxides
noy
2.80E+00
lb/ton
9
1.19E+04
O-xylene
95476
2.02E-01
lb/ton
9
8.62E+02
Phenanthrene
85018
4.84E-02
lb/ton
9,10
2.06E+02
PRIMARY PMin, Total
PM10-PRI
3.06E+01
lb/ton
9
1.31E+05
PRIMARY PM, „ Total
PM25-PRI
3.06E+01
lb/ton
9
1.31E+05
Pyrene
129000
1.49E-02
lb/ton
9,10
6.36E+01
Sulfur Dioxide
SO,
4.00E-01
lb/ton
9
1.71E+03
Toluene
108883
7.30E-01
lb/ton
9
3.11E+03
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
5.30E+01
lb/ton
9
2.26E+05
A-152
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 9 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for SCC 2104008030
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Pollutant
Emission
Factor
Factor
Emissions
Pollutant
Codes
Factor
Units
Reference
(tons/year)
Acenaphthene
83329
3.08E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.28E-01
Acenaphthylene
208968
3.49E-02
lb/ton
9,10
3.72E+00
Anthracene
120127
4.10E-03
lb/ton
9,10
4.37E-01
Benz(a)anthracene
56553
1.23E-02
lb/ton
9,10
1.31E+00
Benzene
71432
1.46E+00
lb/ton
9
1.56E+02
Benzo(a)pyrene
50328
2.05E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.19E-01
B enzo (b)fluoranthene
205992
2.05E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.19E-01
Benzo(e)pyrene
192972
2.05E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.19E-01
Benzo(g,h,i)Fluoranthene
203123
3.08E-03
lb/ton
9,10
3.28E-01
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
191242
1.03E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.10E-01
B enzo (k)fluoranthene
207089
1.03E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.10E-01
Carbon Monoxide
CO
1.04E+02
lb/ton
9
1.11E+04
Chrysene
218019
5.13E-03
lb/ton
9,10
5.47E-01
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
53703
1.03E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.10E-01
Fluoranthene
206440
6.16E-03
lb/ton
9,10
6.57E-01
Fluorene
86737
7.18E-03
lb/ton
9,10
7.66E-01
Indeno( 1,2,3 -cd)pyrene
193395
2.05E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.19E-01
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
78933
6.20E-02
lb/ton
9
6.61E+00
Naphthalene
91203
9.54E-02
lb/ton
9,10
1.02E+01
Nitrogen Oxides
noy
2.00E+00
lb/ton
9
2.13E+02
O-xylene
95476
1.86E-01
lb/ton
9
1.98E+01
Phenanthrene
85018
2.46E-02
lb/ton
9,10
2.62E+00
PRIMARY PMin, Total
PM10-PRI
2.04E+01
lb/ton
9
2.18E+03
PRIMARY PM, „ Total
PM25-PRI
2.04E+01
lb/ton
9
2.18E+03
Pyrene
129000
5.13E-03
lb/ton
9,10
5.47E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
SO,
4.00E-01
lb/ton
9
4.27E+01
Toluene
108883
5.20E-01
lb/ton
9
5.55E+01
Volatile Organic Compounds
voc
1.50E+01
lb/ton
9
1.60E+03
A-153
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
RESIDENTIAL HEATING USING WOOD (FIREPLACES, INSERTS, AND WOODSTOVES) (continued)
SCCs: 2104008001, 2104008002, 2104008003, 2104008004, 2104008010, 2104008030,and 2104008050
Table 10 - Emission Factors and National-Level Emissions for SCC 2104008050
NIF 3.0
Emission
Emission
Pollutant
Emission
Factor
Factor
Emissions
Pollutant Description
Code
Factor
Units
Reference
(tons/year)
7,12-Dimethyl/benz(a)anthracene
57976
1.62E-03
lb/ton
9,10
4.28E-01
Acenaphthene
83329
4.04E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.07E+00
Acenaphthylene
208968
1.29E-02
lb/ton
9,10
3.41E+00
Anthracene
120127
3.64E-03
lb/ton
9,10
9.62E-01
Benzo(a)pyrene
50328
2.42E-03
lb/ton
9,10
6.40E-01
B enzo (b)fluoranthene
205992
1.62E-03
lb/ton
9,10
4.28E-01
Benzo(e)pyrene
192972
8.08E-04
lb/ton
9,10
2.14E-01
Benzo(g,h,i)Fluoranthene
203123
1.13E-02
lb/ton
9,10
2.99E+00
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
191242
8.08E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.14E+00
Biphenyl
92524
8.89E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.35E+00
Cadmium
7440439
2.00E-05
lb/ton
9
5.29E-03
Carbon Monoxide
CO
1.41E+02
lb/ton
9
3.72E+04
Chrysene
218019
4.04E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.07E+00
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
53703
1.62E-03
lb/ton
9,10
4.28E-01
Fluoranthene
206440
3.23E-03
lb/ton
9,10
8.54E-01
Fluorene
86737
5.66E-03
lb/ton
9,10
1.50E+00
Indeno( 1,2,3 -cd)pyrene
193395
8.08E-03
lb/ton
9,10
2.14E+00
Manganese
7439965
1.40E-04
lb/ton
9
3.70E-02
Naphthalene
91203
5.82E-02
lb/ton
9,10
1.54E+01
Nickel
7440020
2.00E-05
lb/ton
9
5.29E-03
Perylene
198550
8.08E-04
lb/ton
9,10
2.14E-01
Phenanthrene
85018
4.77E-02
lb/ton
9,10
1.26E+01
PRIMARY PMin, Total
PM10-PRI
1.96E+01
lb/ton
9
5.18E+03
PRIMARY PM, „ Total
PM25-PRI
1.96E+01
lb/ton
9
5.18E+03
Pyrene
129000
3.23E-03
lb/ton
9,10
8.54E-01
Sulfur Dioxide
SO,
4.00E-01
lb/ton
9
1.06E+02
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC
1.20E+01
lb/ton
9
3.17E+03
A-154
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "Documentation Report for National and County-level Emission
Estimates for Residential Wood Combustion." Prepared for Emission Factors and Inventory Group by
Eastern Research Group, Inc. July 3, 2001.
2. U.S. Census Bureau. 2002. U.S. Census Data, American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001, Table
2-4. Report No. H-150-01. October 2002.
3. Energy Information Administration (EI A). 2003. Monthly Energy Review July 2003, Table T10.02a
(http://tonto.eia. doe.gov/merquery/mer_sec.asp?sec=10)
4. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 1999. A Look at Residential Energy Consumption in 1997. U.S.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC, Report Number DOE/EIA-0632 (97)
(http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/pubs.html). November, 1999.
5. U.S. Census Bureau. 2003. American FactFinder, Data Sets, Census 2000 Summary File 3, Quick Tables.
Internet address: http://factfinder.census.gov. Data Retrieved for each U.S. County on June 30, 2003.
6. U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Censuses, 2000 Census: SF1, Table P2," [Data file] available from U.S.
Census Bureau American Fact Finder website
http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTGeoSearchByRelationshipServlet?_ts=109163658632 and U.S. Census
Bureau, "7/1/2002 County Population Estimates File and Components of Change," [Data file], April 17,
2003. Available from Census Bureau Population Estimates Branch website
http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php.
7. Houck, J.E. Personal Communication from Jim Houck/Omni to Joe Mangino/ERG. September 26, 2000.
8. Hearth & Home = Hearth, Barbeque, and Patio Retailing, 2000. April, 2000. Pages 26-34.
9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. AP-42, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1 External Combustion
Sources, Section 1.9 Residential Fireplaces, 1.10 Residential Wood Stove, Supplement B
www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/final
10. Houck, J.E., J. Crouch, and R.H. Huntley. 2001. Review of Wood Heater and Fireplace Emission Factors.
Technical presentation at the International Emission Inventory Conference "One Atmosphere, One Inventory,
Many Challenges," Denver, CO, April 30 - May 3, 2001.
A-155
Appendix A - Criteria and HAP
Emissions Estimation Methodology
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - SURFACE COATING - ARCHITECTURAL
SCC:2401001000
Emissions from Architectural Surface Coating are those emitted from the application of paints and other coatings
that contain solvent. The solvent emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach that began with
national solvent production and consumption estimates derived from national sales and other national market data,
and accounted for point source contributions using facility estimates submitted to EPA by state, local and tribal
agencies. Because only the solvent was used to estimate emissions, information about the specific coatings used, for
example, the coating density and water content, was not necessary. Solvent utilization was assumed to be equal to
solvent emissions.
National solvent utilization data were taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research report1 in units
of million pounds of solvent in the Paint and Coating (P&C) source category. The fraction of the total P&C solvent
consumed by Architectural Surface Coating was estimated from an earlier Freedonia report that included a separate
estimate for solvent use in Architectural Surface Coating and also total P&C.2 To estimate solvent use for
Architectural Surface Coating in 2002, the solvent fraction for Architectural Surface Coating from the earlier
Freedonia report was multiplied by the most recent Freedonia estimate for total P&C solvent. All solvent used in
Architectural Surface Coating was assumed to be VOC based on previous Freedonia solvent reports.3 Table 1
shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source category for
2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Architectural Surface Coating.
Item
Data
Data Year
2002
National Consumption Freedonia Market
Architectural Coating, Paint and Coatings
Market Solvent National Consumption (10s lbs)
2,570
Fraction of Total Paint and Coating Solvent
0.33
References
National Consumption
Freedonia, 20041
Solvent Fraction
Freedonia 20032
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)
0.42
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using (1) business activity data by
North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code and (2) population. 60 percent of the solvent use
was apportioned by employment in NAICS 23521 (Painting and Wall Covering Contractors) and 40 percent by
population.
It was not necessary to subtract out the point source component from the total national solvent consumption since
there are no point source emissions for this source category in the NEI. Table 2 shows the national nonpoint VOC
emissions estimate for Architectural Surface Coating.
-------
SURFACE COATING - ARCHITECTURAL (continued)
SCC:2401001000
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Architectural Surface Coating.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.42
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.00
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.42
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1).
b 2002 NEI Point Sources Sector File.
The HAP emissions from architectural surface coatings were estimated by developing chemical profiles for
the organic solvents used. These profiles, expressed as fractions of the total VOC solvent, were multiplied
by the total VOC estimated to obtain tons per year (tpy) estimates of speciated solvent emissions from
architectural surface coatings. The individual species were identified as HAP and then summed to obtain
the total HAP emissions for architectural surface coatings. The procedure used to develop the speciation
profiles is described below. References to spreadsheet tables are shown in parentheses which are posted in
a separate file.
The speciated profile for emissions from architectural surface coatings was a composite of three profiles
taken from two surveys performed for the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Profiles for solvent
(ASC-1) and water-based (ASC-2) paints were taken from a 1998 CARB architectural coatings survey.4 A
profile for thinners (ASC-2) was taken from a 1996 CARB report.5 These three profiles were combined to
make a composite profile, weighted according to national architectural paint and coatings industry sales
data (ASC-4) from the 2002 U.S. Census of Manufacturers.6
Annual architectural surface coating paint sales volumes for 2002 and 2001 were averaged to produce the
following estimated sales volumes in units of 1,000 gallons: 114,115 solvent-based; 569,958 water-based;
and 18,971 thinners. To estimate solvent use from the sales data, the annual sales volumes were adjusted
(ASC-5) to remove the volume of the coatings attributed to solids (resins and pigments) and water, based
on the composition of a typical latex interior paint.7 The solvent proportions in the architectural surface
coatings were then calculated as 8 percent solvent in water-based paints and 63 percent solvent in solvent-
based paints. Thinners were assumed to be completely volatile. Multiplying the percent solvent by the
paint sales volumes (1,000 gallons) produced the following solvent quantities, in 1,000 gallons: 71,322
(0.63 x 114,115) solvent from solvent-based architectural surface coating paint; 42,747 (569,958 x 0.08)
solvent from water-based architectural surface coating paint; and 18,971 from thinner (1.0 x 18,971). The
fractions then for solvent-based, water-based, and thinners, respectively, of the total architectural surface
coating solvent purchased based on sales data were 0.54, 0.32, and 0.14. The speciated profile fractions for
solvent-based paint, water-based paint, and thinners were then multiplied by their respective weighting
fractions and combined (ASC-6) into a industry composite speciated profile.
In addition, the chemical species contained in "naphtha" or "mineral spirits" (CAS# 8704) were replaced
by a more detailed speciation profile (ASC-7) taken from a representative MSDS.8 The seven naphtha
species and percent of total naphtha were: pentane (77.3); 2-methylpentane (3.3); 3-methyl pentane (8.3);
cyclopentane (2.8); 2,2-dimethly butane (2.8); 2,3-dimethyl butane (2..8); and 2-methylbutane (2.8).
An example follows for toluene. The toluene fraction in solvent-based paint was 0.0318, and was weighted
by 0.54, the industry solvent sales fraction for solvent-based coatings; the water-based paint fraction for
toluene of 0.00106 was weighted by 0.32, the water-based solvent industry fraction; and the thinner
fraction for toluene of 0.0415 was weighted by 0.14, the thinner fraction of the industry sales, to produce a
composite fraction for toluene of 0.0233 (2.3 percent).
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were
-------
SURFACE COATING - ARCHITECTURAL (continued)
SCC:2401001000
used in the NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation
profiles, shown in Table 3, to estimate HAP emissions. If neither VOC nor HAP emissions were submitted
to EPA, county-level nonpoint HAP emissions were estimated by applying the HAP speciation profiles to
the county-level nonpoint VOC consumption estimates developing using Freedonia data. National
nonpoint HAP emissions were then obtained by summing the county-level nonpoint HAP emissions. Table
3 shows the national HAP emissions estimates for Architectural Coating.
Table 3. HAP Speciation Profiles and Emissions for Architectural Surface Coating
pAQ M
U A D Mama
Percent of Total
Emissions
vnO ff
Hrtr IMdlllc
Solvent VOC
(tons/year)
123911
1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide)
0.002
584849
2,4-Toluene diisocyanate
0.002
101688
4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)
0.014
75070
Acetaldehyde
0.010
117817
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)
0.003
98828
Cumene
0.038
84742
Dibutyl phthalate
0.002
131113
Dimethyl phthalate
0.001
100414
Ethylbenzene
0.248
107211
Ethylene glycol
5.049
50000
Formaldehyde
0.002
171
Glycol Ethers
2.065
110543
Hexane
0.015
67561
Methanol
1.008
80626
Methyl methacrylate
0.012
71556
Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)
0.933
108101
Methyl isobutyl ketone(Hexone)
0.301
78933
Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone)
1.349
75092
Methylene chloride(Dichloromethane)
0.597
91203
Naphthalene
0.046
100425
Styrene
0.102
127184
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
0.006
108883
Toluene
2.332
121448
Triethylamine
0.006
108054
Vinyl acetate
0.012
1330207
Xylenes (mixed isomers)
2.851
Total
17.01
-------
SURFACE COATING - ARCHITECTURAL (continued)
SCC:2401001000
List of Glycol Ethers Used in Glycol Ether Group
CAS#
Glycol Ether
112345
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol {Butyl Carbitol}
111773
Methyl Carbitol {2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol} {DEGME}
8701
Misc. Glycols, Glycol Ethers, and Acetates
2807309
Ethylene Glycol Propyl Ether {2-Propoxyethanol}
124174
Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether Acetate {2-2-(Butoxyethoxy)Ethyl
Acetate
111900
Carbitol {DEGEE} {2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)Ethanol}
111159
2-Ethoxyethyl Acetate {Cellosolve Acetate}
110496
Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate {Methyl Cellosolve
Acetate}
1 Personal email communication. Neumore, Jennifer, The Freedonia Group, Cleveland, OH, with Donna
Lee Jones, EC/R, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC. ARevised Table X-X: Paints & Coatings Market for Solvents.@
August 18, 2004.
2 The Freedonia Group. ASolvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663.@ Chapter 2: Solvents
Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for Solvents (million
pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
3 The Freedonia Group. ASolvents to 2003. Study 1115.@ Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
4 "1998 Architectural Coatings Survey Results." Final Report. California Air Resources Board,
Sacramento, CA. September 1999.
5 "Improvement of Speciation Profiles for Architectural and Industrial Maintenance Coating Operations
(CARB Report 93-319). Prepared by A. Censullo, D. Jones, and M. Wills for the California Air Resources
Board. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA June 30, 1996.
6 Current Industrial Reports: Paint and Allied Products - 2002 (MA325F(02)-1). U.S. Census Bureau,
Washington, DC. July 2003.
7 U.S. Paint Industry Database. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. 1990.
8 MSDS for Product ID: Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Naphtha, Benzine CAS# 8032-32-4 EM Science
Division of EM Industries. 02/11/1988. Obtained from Vermont SIRI MSDS Database.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - AUTOMOBILE REFINISHING
SCC:2401005000
Emissions from Automobile Refinishing are those emitted from the application of paints and other coatings
that contain solvent. The solvent emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach that
began with national solvent production and consumption estimates derived from national sales and other
national market data, and accounted for point source contributions using facility estimates submitted to
EPA by state, local and tribal agencies. Because only the solvent was used to estimate emissions,
information about the specific coatings used, for example, the coating density and water content, was not
necessary. Solvent utilization was assumed to be equal to solvent emissions.
National solvent utilization data were taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research
report1 in units of million pounds of solvent in the Paint and Coating (P&C) source category. The fraction
of the total P&C solvent consumed by Automobile Refinishing was estimated from a National Paint and
Coating Association (NPCA) report2 on solvent use. To estimate solvent use for Automobile Refinishing,
the solvent fraction for Automobile Refinishing (0.030) from the NPCA report2 was multiplied by the total
Freedonia P&C solvent consumption to obtain an estimate of solvent consumption for the source category.
All solvent used in Automobile Refinishing was assumed to be VOC based on previous Freedonia solvent
reports.3 Table 1 shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for
the source category for 2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Automobile Refinishing.
Item
Data
Data Year
2002
National Consumption Freedonia Market
Paint and Coating
Market Solvent National Consumption (10s lbs)
80
Fraction of Total Paint and Coating Solvent
0.03
References
National Consumption
Freedonia, 20031
Solvent Fraction
NPCA2
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)
0.04
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data,
by North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. The spatial surrogates used to
apportion the national solvent consumption data for the Automobile Refinishing source category were
Couriers and Messengers (NAICS 492); Auto Equipment Rental and Leasing (NAICS 5321); and Auto
Repair and Maintenance (NAICS 8111). It was not necessary to subtract out the point source component
from the total national solvent consumption since there are no point source emissions for this source
category in the NEI. Table 2 shows the national nonpoint VOC emissions estimates for Automobile
Refinishing.
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Automobile Refinishing.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.04
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.00
-------
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (10 tons)
0.04
Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1).
From the 2002 NEI point sources sector file.
National solvent HAP emission estimates for Automobile Refinishing were developed through use of an
adjusted speciated chemical profile. The profile, expressed as a fraction of the total VOC solvent, was
multiplied by the total VOC to obtain estimates of speciated solvent emissions. Individual species were
identified as HAP and then summed to obtain the total HAP emissions for Automobile Refinishing. A
more detailed explanation of the procedure used to develop the speciation profile and HAP estimates is
presented below. References to tables are shown in parentheses.
HAP emissions from the Automobile Refinishing category were estimated using speciation profiles from
EPA's SPECIATE database,4 which are based on 1990 solvent data. The SPECIATE profile was updated
with current industry information that included individual solvent consumption data for 1998 obtained by
The Freedonia Group5 from market sales data and a 1995 National Paint and Coatings Association
(NPCA)6 projection breakdown of solvent use by surface coating source category. The industry data were
used to adjust the EPA SPECIATE profiles to reflect recent changes in solvent composition due to market
changes and regulatory issues.
In the first step, the 1990 SPECIATE profiles for eight surface coating source categories (SURF-1), by
pollutant and by source category, were used to develop a "1990 Composite Paints and Coatings SPECIATE
Profile" (by pollutant) using weighting factors for each surface coating source category developed from the
1995 NPCA report (SURF-2). The weighting factors were developed from the volume of coating
consumed by each surface coating source category based on 1994 data projected to 2000. Using this
procedure a"1990 Composite Paint and Coating SPECIATE Profile" (SURF-3, column 1) was developed
that consisted of a breakdown of "Paints and Coatings" consumption, by pollutant, in units of percent of
total coating.
In the second step, the "1990 Composite Paint and Coating SPECIATE Profile" (SURF-3, column 3) was
compared to 1998 Freedonia data (by pollutant) for the "Paint and Coating" source category as a whole,
that was similarly expressed in terms of the percent that each individual solvent species comprised of the
total (SURF-4 and, also, SURF-3 column 4). This comparison showed that there was a significant
difference between 1990 coatings and 1998 coatings which was due to substitution of aliphatic
hydrocarbons and alcohols (ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and mineral spirits) for more
hazardous solvents (toluene and xylene). Adjustment factors were then calculated (SURF-3, column 5) for
the six species that showed significant change using the ratio of the 1998 Freedonia data to the "1990
Composite." Also, species described as "naptha" or "mineral spirits" were replaced with a more detailed
speciation profile taken from a representative MSDS.
The adjustment factors were multiplied by the "1990 Composite" speciation percentages for each of the six
affected species, and then all "1990 Composite" species, as adjusted and amended as above, were
normalized to 100 percent VOC to produce an "Updated Speciated Profile- Adjusted and Normalized," by
pollutant and source category in terms of percent of total VOC (SURF-5). The pollutants that are HAP
then were identified to develop HAP profiles, as a percent of total VOC, for Automobile Refinishing
(SURF-6).
Acetone, which is not a VOC, was estimated separately for Automobile Refinishing using Freedonia5 data
for total acetone consumption for the "Paint and Coating" source category. Acetone consumption for 2002
for "Paint and Coating" was estimated to be 0.14 million tons based on 1998 market data and projected
consumption for 2003 from the Freedonia report. Using the same apportionment of total paint and coating
for the three surface coating source categories developed from the NPCA report,6 as above, the
consumption of acetone for 2002 in the Automobile Refinishing surface coating category was estimated
(see SURF-6).
-------
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were
used in the NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation
profiles developed from Freedonia compound data and shown in Table 3, to estimate HAP emissions. If
neither VOC nor HAP emissions were submitted to EPA, county-level nonpoint HAP emissions were
estimated by applying the HAP speciation profiles to the county-level nonpoint VOC consumption
estimates developed using Freedonia data. National nonpoint HAP emissions were then obtained by
summing the county-level nonpoint HAP emissions. Table 3 shows the national HAP emissions estimates
for Automobile Refinishing.
Table 3. HAP Speciation Profiles and Emissions for and Emissions for Automobile Refinishing
CAS#
MAI* Name
I'crcenl of Toial Sol\en( VOC
I'lmissions
(lnns/\ear)
107211
Ethylene glycol
0.16
171
Glycol Ethers
0.95
78933
Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone)
11.9
108101
Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone)
3.2
108883
Toluene
1.8
1330207
Xylenes (mixed isomers)
2.0
Total
20.0
Glycol Ethers Used
in Glycol Ether Group
CAS#
Glycol Ether
112345
Butyl Carbitol
111159
Cellosolve Acetate
110805
Cellosolve
111900
Carbitol
111773
Methyl Carbitol
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2:
Solvents Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for
Solvents (million pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
2. Paint and Coatings '2000': Review and Forecast. Prepared by Kline and Company, Inc., for the
National Paint and Coating Association, Washington, DC. 1995.
3. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
4. EPA SPECIATE Database 2002. Profile Numbers 2402 for Auto Refinishing, 2403 for Traffic
Markings, and 2418 for Industrial Maintenance Coatings (Data Quality Rating B). "Industrial
Solvents - Winter 1989." Frost & Sullivan, Inc., New York, New York; and "National Paint
Industry Data Base." National Paint and Coatings Association, Washington, D.C. 1990. Profiles
prepared by EC/R Incorporated, Durham, NC, for the U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC.
September 30, 1994.
5
The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
-------
6. Paint and Coatings '2000': Review and Forecast. Prepared by Kline and Company, Inc., for the
National Paint and Coating Association, Washington, DC. 1995.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - CONSUMER AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS USAGE
2460200000, 2460000000, 2460100000,2460400000
see
sec li
SCC L2
SCC L3
SCC L4
2460000000
Solvent Utilization
Miscellaneous Non-
industrial: Consumer
and Commercial
All Processes
Total: All Solvent
Types
2460100000
Solvent Utilization
Miscellaneous Non-
All Personal Care
Total: All Solvent
industrial: Consumer
Products
Types
and Commercial
2460200000
Solvent Utilization
Miscellaneous Non-
All Household
Total: All Solvent
industrial: Consumer
Products
Types
and Commercial
2460400000
Solvent Utilization
Miscellaneous Non-
All Automotive
Total: All Solvent
industrial: Consumer
Aftermarket Products
Types
and Commercial
Emissions from Consumer and Commercial Products are those emitted from the use of products that
contain solvent. The solvent emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach based upon
national solvent production and consumption estimates derived from national sales and other national
market data. Because only the solvent was used to estimate emissions, information about the specific
products used, for example, the density and water content, was not necessary. Solvent utilization was
assumed to be equal to solvent emissions.
National solvent utilization data were taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research
reports1'2 in units of million pounds of solvent. The Freedonia solvent market data were matched to
individual nonpoint source categories according to the solvent usage descriptions in the Freedonia
background documentation, as needed. Solvent consumption data by individual solvent chemical in 1998
were available in a 2000 Freedonia report. National solvent consumption data for the individual solvent
chemicals from 1998 were projected to 2002 using growth factors also developed using solvent data from
2002 from a Freedonia report for the source category as a whole. Table 1 shows the Freedonia solvent
market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source category for 2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Consumer and Commercial Products.
Item
Data
Data Year
1998
National Consumption Freedonia Markets
Consumer Products, Detergents & Cleaners, Household
Products, Household Cleaning, Household Cleaning & Other,
Household Cleaners and Consumer, and Toiletries &
Cosmetics
Market Solvent National Consumption (10s lbs)
1,960
Annual Growth (percent)
-0.61
References
National Consumption
Freedonia, 20001
Annual Growth (market type)
Freedonia, 20032 (Other)
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106
tons)
1.0
In the Consumer and Commercial Products nonpoint source solvent category the only antifreeze and deicer
solvent data used from Freedonia was for methanol, since the other solvent compounds were assumed to be
recycled and/or to not volatilize.
-------
The procedure used to "grow" the 1998 solvent consumption data utilized the ratio of the total solvent
consumption for the source category in 2002 to that reported for 1998, as follows:
Source Category Consumption in 2002 (tons) = Consumption in 1998(tons) X Consumption in 2002
Consumption in 1998
The national solvent VOC consumption estimates for Consumer and Commercial Products were obtained
by identifying the reported individual solvent chemicals for 1998 as VOC and then projecting the
individual solvent chemical consumption to 2002, as in the equation above. Solvent consumption was then
assumed to be equal to VOC emissions.
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using population data as a
spatial surrogate. Because information was otherwise not available, solvent consumption was divided
equally among the SCCs for the source category. It was not necessary to subtract out the point source
component from the total national solvent consumption since there are no point source emissions for this
source category. Table 2 shows the national solvent VOC consumption and nonpoint VOC emissions
estimates for Consumer and Commercial Products.
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Consumer and Commercial Products.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.98
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.00
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.98
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1)
b From the 2002 NEI point sources sector file
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were
used in the NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation
profiles developed from Freedonia compound data and shown in Table 3, to estimate HAP emissions. If
neither VOC or HAP emissions were submitted to EPA, county-level nonpoint HAP emissions were
estimated by applying the HAP speciation profiles to the county-level nonpoint VOC consumption
estimates. National nonpoint pesticide HAP emissions were then obtained by summing the county-level
nonpoint HAP emissions. Table 3 shows the national HAP emissions estimates for Consumer and
Commercial Products.
Table 3. HAP Speciation Profiles and Emissions for Consumer and Commercial Products.
CAS#
HAP Name
Percent of Total
Solvent VOC
Emissions
(tons/year)
107211
Ethylene Glycol
29.18
67561
Methyl Alcohol
13.44
108883
Toluene
0.27
Total
42.89
-------
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
2. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2:
Solvents Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for
Solvents (million pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - DRY CLEANING
SCC:2420020000
Dry Cleaning emissions are generated by the use of solvent in the cleaning process. The solvent emissions were
estimated using a material mass balance approach that began with national solvent production and consumption
estimates derived from national sales and other national market data, and accounted for point source contributions
using facility estimates submitted to EPA by state, local and tribal agencies. Solvent utilization was assumed to be
equal to solvent emissions.
National solvent utilization data was taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research reports1'2 in
units of million pounds of solvent. The Freedonia solvent market data were matched to individual nonpoint source
categories according to the solvent usage descriptions in the Freedonia background documentation. Solvent
consumption data by individual solvent chemical in 1998 were available in the 2000 Freedonia report. National
solvent consumption data for the individual solvent chemicals from 1998 were projected to 2002 using growth
factors also developed using solvent data from a 2002 Freedonia report for the source category as a whole. Table 1
shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source category for
2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Dry Cleaning.
Item
Data
Data Year
1998
National Consumption Freedonia Markets
Dry Cleaning
Market Solvent National Consumption (10s lbs)
40
Annual Growth (percent)
-0.61
References
National Consumption
Freedonia, 20001
Annual Growth (market type)
Freedonia, 20032 (Other)
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)
0.02
The procedure used to "grow" the 1998 solvent consumption data utilized the ratio of the total solvent consumption
for the source category in 2002 to that reported for 1998, as follows:
Solvent Chemical
Consumption
in 2002
(tons)
Solvent Chemical
Consumption in 1998
(tons)
Source Category
x Consumption in 2002
Source Category
Consumption in 1998
The national solvent VOC consumption estimates for Dry Cleaning were obtained by identifying the reported
individual solvent chemicals for 1998 as VOC and then projecting the individual solvent chemical consumption to
2002, as in the equation above. Solvent consumption was then assumed to be equal to VOC emissions.
-------
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data,
by North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. The spatial surrogates used to
apportion the national solvent consumption data for the Dry Cleaning source category were: Dry Cleaners:
Coin-op (NAICS 81231), Services (NAICS 81232), and Linen and Uniform (NAICS 81233). It was not
necessary to subtract out the point source component from the total national solvent consumption since
there are no point source emissions for this source category in the NEI. Table 2 shows the national
nonpoint VOC emissions estimate for Dry Cleaning.
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Dry Cleaning.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.02
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.00
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.02
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1).
No HAP emission estimates were generated using the VOC estimates for coin operated and petroleum
solvent drycleaners shown in Table 2. However, where HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by
state, local or tribal agencies for these sources , they were included in the NEI.
Perchloroethylene emissions (a HAP, but not a VOC) from drycleaners were based upon estimates from
EPA's Emission Standards Division and were developed for the dry cleaning MACT standard. These
estimates were used in the 1999 NEI and "carried forward" to the 2002 NEI. No adjustments were
attempted for the effects of growth and control between 1999 and 2002.
Table 3. National Percholoethylene Emissions Summary for Dry Cleaning.
Pollutant
Emissions (106 tons/year)
Perchloroethylene
" From Dry cleaning MACT standard
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
2. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2:
Solvents Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for
Solvents (million pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - GRAPHIC ARTS
SCC:2425000000
Emissions from Graphic Arts are those emitted from the application of inks that contain solvent. The solvent
emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach that began with national solvent production and
consumption estimates derived from national sales and other national market data, and accounted for point source
contributions using facility estimates submitted to the EPA by state, local and tribal agencies. Because only the
solvent was used to estimate emissions, information about the properties of the specific inks used (e.g., density) was
not necessary. Solvent utilization was assumed to be equal to solvent emissions.
National solvent utilization data for 2002 was taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research
report1 in units of million pounds of solvent. The Freedonia solvent market data were matched to individual
nonpoint source categories according to the solvent usage descriptions in the Freedonia background documentation.
2
All solvent used in Graphic Arts was assumed to be VOC based on previous Freedonia solvent reports. Table 1
shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source category for
2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Graphic Arts.
Item
Data
Data Year
2002
National Consumption Freedonia Market
Printing Inks
Market Solvent National Consumption (10s lbs)
1,040
Reference for Solvent Consumption
Freedonia, 20031
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (10s tons)
0.52
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data, by North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. The spatial surrogates used to apportion the national
solvent consumption data for the Graphic Arts source category were Paperboard Container (NAICS 3222) and
Printing (NAICS 32311).
It was necessary to subtract out the point source component from the total national solvent consumption to obtain
the nonpoint solvent emissions, since the national solvent utilization corresponds to both point and nonpoint solvent
emissions sources. The NEI was used as a reference to estimate the point source component of the solvent
emissions. Because point source control efficiencies for a process may vary on the county level, the spatial
allocation procedure was performed before the point source component was subtracted.
The point and nonpoint source emissions in the NEI are identified by source classification codes (SCCs). Point
SCCs were matched with the appropriate nonpoint SCCs for the same solvent process and subtracted from the
county level allocations to prevent "double counting" of emissions. The point-to-nonpoint SCC correlations in this
step can be found in the report titled Top Down Approach for Estimating VOC Emissions From Eleven Area Source
Solvent Source Categories located at: http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/2002inventorv.html#nonpoint.
Some of the point source emissions data in the NEI are controlled emissions. Therefore, it was necessary to "back
out" uncontrolled point source emissions, which are equal to solvent consumption. If the point source solvent
control devices were not destructive, the solvent removed was assumed to be used at some other point in the process,
-------
contributing to the overall solvent consumption at the source. In this case, the reported controlled solvent emissions
were assumed to be equal to uncontrolled solvent emissions, as were the solvent emissions from solvent sources
without control devices.
Control device control efficiency (CE) was used to "back out" uncontrolled emissions. The CE used was either the
reported CE, the EPA default CE for the control device, or a default CE of 70 percent for all control devices,
depending on the availability of control information in the NEI.
The following equation was used to develop a control efficiency factor (CEF) for point source solvent control
devices that were destructive, for each point source, p (CEF,):
CEF^ = 1/(1 - (eff/100 )
where,
CEF;, = Control efficiency factor for each point source, p
eff = Control efficiency (percent)
Uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for each point source (p) were obtained by multiplying the point source
controlled solvent emissions by the CEF;,. as follows:
Uncontrolled Controlled
Point Source (p) = Point Source (p) x CEF;,
Solvent (tons) Solvent (tons)
The total county uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for all point sources/stacks in the county with the same
SCCs were then obtained by summing the uncontrolled individual point source solvent emissions, for all point
sources in the county with the same SCC. The total county point source solvent consumption by SCC was then
subtracted from the total county solvent consumption by SCC to produce the total county nonpoint solvent
emissions by SCC, as follows:
Nonpoint Solvent Total Solvent Point Source
Emissions by = Consumption - Solvent Consumption
SCC (tons) by SCC (tons) by SCC (tons)
In this last step, if the results were negative a zero was assigned to that nonpoint SCC in the county.
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Graphic Arts.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.52
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.09
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.43
-------
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1).
b From the 2002 NEI point sources sector file
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were used in the
NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation profiles, shown in Table
3, to estimate HAP emissions. If neither VOC or HAP emissions were submitted to EPA, county-level nonpoint
HAP emissions were estimated by applying the HAP speciation profiles to the county-level nonpoint VOC
consumption estimates. National nonpoint HAP emissions were then obtained by summing the county-level
nonpoint HAP emissions. Table 3 shows the national HAP emissions estimates for Graphic Arts.
Table 3. HAP Speciation Profiles and Emissions for Graphic Arts.
CAS#
HAP Name
Percent of Total
Solvent VOC
Emissions
(tons/year)
107211
Ethylene Glycol
0.37
67561
Methyl Alcohol
3.71
78933
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
0.89
108101
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
0.22
108883
Toluene
3.79
1330207
Xylene
0.97
Total
9.95
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2: Solvents
Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for Solvents (million
pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
2.
The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - INDUSTRIAL ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS
SCC:2440020000
Industrial Adhesive and Sealant emissions are from the evaporation of solvents during the adhesive and sealant
drying or curing process. The solvent emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach that began
with national solvent production and consumption estimates derived from national sales and other national market
data, and accounted for point source contributions using facility estimates submitted to the EPA by state, local and
tribal agencies. Because only the solvent was used to estimate emissions, information about the properties (e.g.,
density) of the specific adhesive or sealant was not necessary. Solvent utilization was assumed to be equal to
solvent emissions.
1 2
National solvent utilization data were taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research reports • in
units of million pounds of solvent. The Freedonia solvent market data were matched to individual nonpoint source
categories according to the solvent usage descriptions in the Freedonia background documentation, as needed.
Solvent consumption data by individual solvent chemical in 1998 were available in a 2000 Freedonia report.
National solvent consumption data for the individual solvent chemicals from 1998 were projected to 2002 using
growth factors also developed using solvent data from 2002 from a Freedonia report for the source category as a
whole. Table 1 shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source
category for 2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Industrial Adhesive and Sealants.
Item
Data
Data Year
1998
National Consumption Freedonia Market
Other
Market Solvent National Consumption (106 lbs)
440
Annual Growth (percent)
-0.61
References
National Consumption
Freedonia, 20001
Annual Growth (market type)
Freedonia, 20032 (Other)
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)
0.22
The procedure used to "grow" the 1998 solvent consumption data utilized the ratio of the total solvent consumption
for the source category in 2002 to that reported for 1998, as follows:
Solvent Chemical
Consumption
in 2002
(tons)
Solvent Chemical
Consumption in 1998
(tons)
Source Category
Consumption in 2002
Source Category
Consumption in 1998
The national solvent VOC consumption estimates for Industrial Adhesive and Sealants were obtained by identifying
the reported individual solvent chemicals for 1998 as VOC and then projecting the individual solvent chemical
consumption to 2002, as in the equation above. Solvent consumption was then assumed to be equal to VOC
emissions.
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data, by North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. The spatial surrogates used to apportion the national
solvent consumption data for the Industrial Adhesive and Sealants source category were Wood Products
(NAICS 3212); Paperboard (NAICS 32221); Paper Bag, Treated Paper (NAICS 32222); Sanitary Paper
-------
(NAICS 322291); Printing (NAICS 32311); Plastics and Rubber (NAICS 326); Motor Vehicle Body
(NAICS 336211); Building Materials/Supplies (NAICS 4441); and Auto Repair and Maintenance (NAICS 8111).
It was necessary to subtract out the point source component from the total national solvent consumption to obtain
the nonpoint solvent emissions, since the national solvent utilization corresponds to both point and nonpoint solvent
emissions sources. The NEI was used as a reference to estimate the point source component of the solvent
emissions. Because point source control efficiencies for a process may vary on the county level, the spatial
allocation procedure was performed before the point source component was subtracted.
The point and nonpoint source emissions in the NEI are identified by source classification codes (SCCs). Point
SCCs were matched with the appropriate nonpoint SCCs for the same solvent process and subtracted from the
county level allocations to prevent "double counting" of emissions. The point-to-nonpoint SCC correlations in this
step are shown in the full documentation report that is located at:
http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/2002inventorv.html#nonpoint.
Some of the point source emissions data in the NEI are controlled emissions. Therefore, it was necessary to "back
out" uncontrolled point source emissions, which are equal to solvent consumption. If the point source solvent
control devices were not destructive, the solvent removed was assumed to be used at some other point in the process,
contributing to the overall solvent consumption at the source. In this case, the reported controlled solvent emissions
were assumed to be equal to uncontrolled solvent emissions, as were the solvent emissions from solvent sources
without control devices.
Control device control efficiency (CE) was used to "back out" uncontrolled emissions. The CE used was either the
reported CE, the EPA default CE for the control device, or a default CE of 70 percent for all control devices,
depending on the availability of control information in the NEI. The following equation was used to develop a
control efficiency factor (CEF) for point source solvent control devices that were destructive, for each point source,
P (CEF,):
CEF^ = 1/(1 - (eff/100 )
where,
CEF;, = Control efficiency factor for each point source, p
eff = Control efficiency (percent)
Uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for each point source (p) were obtained by multiplying the point source
controlled solvent emissions by the CEF;„ as follows:
Uncontrolled Controlled
Point Source (p) = Point Source (p) x CEF;,
Solvent (tons) Solvent (tons)
The total county uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for all point sources/stacks in the county with the same
SCCs were then obtained by summing the uncontrolled individual point source solvent emissions, for all point
sources in the county with the same SCC. The total county point source solvent consumption by SCC was then
subtracted from the total county solvent consumption by SCC to produce the total county nonpoint solvent
emissions by SCC, as follows:
Nonpoint Solvent Total Solvent Point Source
Emissions by = Consumption - Solvent Consumption
SCC (tons) by SCC (tons) by SCC (tons)
-------
In this last step, if the results were negative, a zero was assigned to that nonpoint SCC in the county.
The county-level nonpoint VOC emissions for Industrial Adhesive and Sealants for the county were obtained by
summing the county-level nonpoint source VOC emissions for all SCCs in the county. National nonpoint VOC
emissions were then obtained by summing the county nonpoint solvent emissions for all counties. Table 2 shows
the national solvent VOC consumption, and point and nonpoint VOC emissions estimates for Industrial Adhesive
and Sealants.
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Industrial Adhesive and Sealants.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.20
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.02
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.19
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1)
b Obtained from point source data submitted to EPA for the 2002 NEI.
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were used in the
NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation profiles, developed from
compound data in the 2000 Freedonia report shown in Table 3, to estimate HAP emissions. If neither VOC nor
HAP emissions were submitted to EPA, county-level nonpoint HAP emissions were estimated by applying HAP
speciation profiles developed from the 2000 Freedonia report to the county-level nonpoint VOC consumption
estimates. National nonpoint HAP emissions were then obtained by summing the county-level nonpoint HAP
emissions. Table 3 shows the national HAP emissions estimates for Industrial Adhesives and Sealants.
Table 3. HAP Speciation Profiles and Emissions for Industrial Adhesive and Sealants.
CAS#
HAP Name
Percent of Total
Solvent VOCa
Emissions
(tons/year)
67561
Methyl Alcohol
12.45
78933
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
11.16
108101
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
0.43
108883
Toluene
8.37
1330207
Xylene
2.36
Total
34.77
a Derived from the ratio of the individual HAP solvent compound consumption to the total VOC solvent consumption from the
2000 Freedonia report.1
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
2. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2: Solvents
Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for Solvents (million
pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - INDUSTRIAL COATING
SCC:2401010000,2401015000,2401020000,2401025000, 2401030000,2401040000, 2401050000, 2401055000,
2401060000,2401065000,2401070000,2401080000, 2401090000, 2401100000, 2401200000, 2401990000
SCC
SCC LI
SCC L2
SCC L3
SCC L4
2401010000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Textile Products: SIC 22
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401015000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Factory Finished Wood: SIC
2426 thru 242
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401020000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Wood Furniture: SIC 25
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401025000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Metal Furniture: SIC 25
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401030000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Paper: SIC 26
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401040000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Metal Cans: SIC 341
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401050000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Miscellaneous Finished Metals:
SIC 34 -(341 + 3498)
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401055000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Machinery and Equipment: SIC
35
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401060000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Large Appliances: SIC 363
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401065000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Electronic and Other Electrical:
SIC 36 - 363
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401070000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Motor Vehicles: SIC 371
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401080000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Marine: SIC 373
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401090000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401100000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Industrial Maintenance Coatings
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401200000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
Other Special Purpose Coatings
Total: All Solvent
Types
2401990000
Solvent Utilization
Surface Coating
All Surface Coating Categories
Total: All Solvent
Types
Emissions from Industrial Coating are from the application of paints and other coatings that contain solvent. The
solvent emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach that began with national solvent
production and consumption estimates derived from national sales and other national market data, and accounted for
point source contributions using facility estimates submitted to EPA by state, local and tribal agencies. Because
only the solvent was used to estimate emissions, information about the specific coatings used, for example, the
coating density and water content, was not necessary. Solvent utilization was assumed to be equal to solvent
emissions.
National solvent utilization data were taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research reports1 in
units of million pounds of solvent in the Paint and Coating (P&C) source category. The fraction of the total P&C
solvent consumed by Industrial Coating was estimated from a National Paint and Coating Association (NPCA)
report2 on paint and coating use. To estimate solvent use for Industrial Coating, the fraction of paint and coatings
for Industrial Coating (0.29) from the NPCA report was multiplied by the total Freedonia P&C solvent consumption
to obtain an estimate of solvent consumption for the source category. All solvent used in Industrial Coating was
-------
assumed to be VOC based on previous Freedonia solvent reports.3 Table 1 shows the Freedonia solvent market data
used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source category for 2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Industrial Coating.
Item Data
Data Year 2002
National Consumption Freedonia Market Paint and Coating
Market Solvent National Consumption (106 lbs) 780
Fraction of Total Paint and Coating Solvent 0.29
References
National Consumption Freedonia, 20031
Solvent Fraction NPCA2
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons) 0.39
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data, by North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. The spatial surrogates used to apportion the national
solvent consumption data for the Industrial Coating source category were: Logging (NAICS 1133); Wood Mfg
(NAICS 321xx); Pulp&Paper (NAICS 322x); Chemical Mfg (NAICS 325); Plastics and Rubber (NAICS 326);
Pottery, Plumbing Mfg (NAICS 32711); Glass (NAICS 327212); Concrete (NAICS 32739); Metal (NAICS 332xx);
Computer&Electron. Mfg (NAICS 334xx); Electr. Equip. Mfg (NAICS 335xx); Transp. Equip. Mfg (NAICS
336xx); Furniture Mfg (NAICS 337xx), Misc Mfg (NAICS 339xx); Couriers (NAICS 492); Cables (NAICS 5132);
Telecomm. (NAICS 5133); Auto Rental (NAICS 5321); Auto Repair (NAICS 8111); and Electronic Repair
(NAICS 81 lx). Because information was otherwise not available, solvent consumption was divided equally among
the SCCs for the source category.
-------
INDUSTRIAL COATING (continued)
SCC:2401010000,2401015000, 2401020000,2401025000, 2401030000, 2401040000, 2401050000,
2401055000, 2401060000, 2401065000, 2401070000, 2401080000, 2401090000, 2401100000,
2401200000,2401990000
It was necessary to subtract out the point source component from the total national solvent consumption to
obtain the nonpoint solvent emissions, since the national solvent utilization corresponds to both point and
nonpoint solvent emissions sources. The NEI was used as a reference to estimate the point source
component of the solvent emissions. Because point source control efficiencies for a process may vary on
the county level, the spatial allocation procedure was performed before the point source component was
subtracted.
The point and nonpoint source emissions in the NEI are identified by source classification codes (SCCs).
Point SCCs were matched with the appropriate nonpoint SCCs for the same solvent process and subtracted
from the county level allocations to prevent "double counting" of emissions. The point-to-nonpoint SCC
correlations in this step are shown in the full documentation report that is located at:
http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/2002inventorv.html#nonpoint.
Some of the point source emissions data in the NEI are controlled. Therefore, it was necessary to "back
out" uncontrolled point source emissions, which are equal to solvent consumption. If the point source
solvent control devices were not destructive, the solvent removed was assumed to be used at some other
point in the process, contributing to the overall solvent consumption at the source. In this case, the reported
controlled solvent emissions were assumed to be equal to uncontrolled solvent emissions, as were the
solvent emissions from sources without control devices.
Control device control efficiency (CE) was used to "back out" uncontrolled emissions. The CE used was
either the reported CE, the EPA default CE for the control device, or a default CE of 70 percent for all
control devices, depending on the availability of control information in the NEI. The following equation
was used to develop a control efficiency factor (CEF) for point source solvent control devices that were
destructive, for each point source, p (CEF,):
Uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for each point source (p) were obtained by multiplying the
point source controlled solvent emissions by the CEF,,. as follows:
CEFp = 1/(1 - (eff/100 )
where,
CEF,
eff
Control efficiency factor for each point source, p
Control efficiency (percent)
Uncontrolled
Point Source (p)
Solvent (tons)
Controlled
Point Source (p)
Solvent (tons)
x
CEF^
-------
INDUSTRIAL COATING (continued)
SCC:2401010000,2401015000, 2401020000,2401025000, 2401030000, 2401040000, 2401050000,
2401055000, 2401060000, 2401065000, 2401070000, 2401080000, 2401090000, 2401100000,
2401200000,2401990000
The total county uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for all point sources/stacks in the county with
the same SCCs were then obtained by summing the uncontrolled individual point source solvent emissions,
for all point sources in the county with the same SCC. The total county point source solvent consumption
by SCC was then subtracted from the total county solvent consumption by SCC to produce the total county
nonpoint solvent emissions by SCC, as follows:
Nonpoint Solvent Total Solvent Point Source
Emissions by = Consumption - Solvent Consumption
SCC (tons) by SCC (tons) by SCC (tons)
(The point source SCC to nonpoint SCC crosswalk is available in Appendix C) In this last step, if the
results were negative, a zero was assigned to that nonpoint SCC in the county.
The county-level nonpoint VOC emissions for Industrial Coating were obtained by summing the county-
level nonpoint source VOC emissions for all SCCs in the county. National nonpoint VOC emissions were
then obtained by summing the county nonpoint solvent emissions for all counties. Table 2 shows the
national solvent VOC consumption, and point and nonpoint VOC emissions estimates for Industrial
Coating.
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Industrial Coating.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.39
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.12
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.28
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1).
b Obtained from point source data submitted to EPA for the 2002 NEI.
The national solvent HAP consumption estimates for Industrial Coating were estimated by developing
speciated chemical profiles for the organic solvents used. The profiles, expressed as fractions of the total
VOC solvent, were multiplied by total VOC to obtain estimates of speciated solvent emissions from the
source categories. Individual species were identified as HAP and then summed to obtain the total HAP
emissions for the surface coatings categories. The procedures used to develop the speciation profiles and
other HAP estimates are described below. References to tables are shown in parentheses.
Speciated emissions from the surface coating categories were estimated using speciation profiles from
EPA's SPECIATE database,4 which are based on 1990 solvent data. For the purpose of the 2002 NEI
estimate, the SPECIATE profiles were updated with current industry information that included individual
solvent consumption data for 1998 obtained by The Freedonia Group5 from market sales data and a 1995
National Paint and Coatings Association (NPCA)6 projection breakdown of solvent use by surface coating
source category. The industry data were used to adjust the EPA SPECIATE profiles to reflect recent
changes in solvent composition due to market changes and regulatory issues.
In the first step, the 1990 SPECIATE profiles for eight surface coating source categories (SURF-1), by
pollutant and by source category, were used to develop a "1990 Composite Paints and Coatings SPECIATE
-------
INDUSTRIAL COATING (continued)
SCC:2401010000,2401015000, 2401020000,2401025000, 2401030000, 2401040000, 2401050000,
2401055000, 2401060000, 2401065000, 2401070000, 2401080000, 2401090000, 2401100000,
2401200000,2401990000
Profile" (by pollutant) using weighting factors for each surface coating source category developed from the
1995 NPCA report (SURF-2). The weighting factors were developed from the volume of coating
consumed by each surface coating source category based on 1994 data projected to 2000. Using this
procedure a"1990 Composite Paint and Coating SPECIATE Profile" (SURF-3, column 1) was developed
that consisted of a breakdown of "Paints and Coatings" consumption, by pollutant, in units of percent of
total coating.
In the second step, the "1990 Composite Paint and Coating SPECIATE Profile" (SURF-3, column 3) was
compared to 1998 Freedonia data (by pollutant) for the "Paint and Coating" source category as a whole,
that was similarly expressed in terms of the percent that each individual solvent species comprised of the
total (SURF-4 and, also, SURF-3 column 4). This comparison showed that there was a significant
difference between 1990 coatings and 1998 coatings which was due to substitution of aliphatic
hydrocarbons and alcohols (ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and mineral spirits) for more
hazardous solvents (toluene and xylene). Adjustment factors were then calculated (SURF-3, column 5) for
the six species that showed significant change using the ratio of the 1998 Freedonia data to the "1990
Composite." Also, species described as "naptha" or "mineral spirits" were replaced with a more detailed
speciation profile taken from a representative MSDS.7 For the Industrial Coating surface coating category,
the SPECIATE profiles of Industrial Maintenance (#2418) and Miscellaneous Manufacturing (#2417) were
combined and averaged to produce a new "Industrial Coating" profile.
The adjustment factors were multiplied by the "1990 Composite" speciation percentages for each of the six
affected species, and then all "1990 Composite" species, as adjusted and amended as above, were
normalized to 100 percent VOC to produce an "Updated Speciated Profile ~ Adjusted and Normalized," by
pollutant and source category in terms of percent of total VOC (SURF-5). The pollutants that are HAP
then were identified to develop HAP profiles, as a percent of total VOC, for the three surface coating
categories (SURF-6).
Acetone, which is not a VOC, was estimated separately for the surface coating source categories using
Freedonia5 data for total acetone consumption for the "Paint and Coating" source category. Acetone
consumption for 2002 for "Paint and Coating" was estimated to be 0.14 million tons based on 1998
Freedonia market data and projected consumption for 2003 from the Freedonia report. Using the same
apportionment of total paint and coating for the three surface coating source categories developed from the
NPCA report,6 as above, the consumption of acetone for 2002 in the three individual surface coating
categories also was estimated (see SURF-6).
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were
used in the NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation
profiles developed from Freedonia compound data and shown in Table 3, to estimate HAP emissions.
Table 3 lists the individual Glycol Ethers included in the Glycol Ether Group. If neither VOC nor HAP
emissions were submitted to EPA, county-level nonpoint HAP emissions were estimated by applying the
HAP speciation profiles to the county-level nonpoint VOC consumption estimates developed using
Freedonia data. National nonpoint HAP emissions were then obtained by summing the county-level
nonpoint HAP emissions. Table 4 shows the national HAP emissions estimate for Industrial Coating.
-------
INDUSTRIAL COATING (continued)
SCC:2401010000,2401015000, 2401020000,2401025000, 2401030000, 2401040000, 2401050000,
2401055000, 2401060000, 2401065000, 2401070000, 2401080000, 2401090000, 2401100000,
2401200000,2401990000
Table 3. HAP Speciation Profiles and Emissions for Industrial Coating.
CAS #
HAP Name
Percent of Total
Emissions
Solvent VOC
(tons/year)
107211
Ethylene glycol
0.45
171
Glycol Ethers
1.4
78933
Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone)
3.6
108101
Methyl isobutyl ketone(Hexone)
8.3
71556
Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-
Trichloroethane)
0.8
108883
Toluene
2.6
1330207
Xylenes (mixed isomers)
2.2
Total
19.4
Table 4. Glycol Ethers in the Glycol Ether Group
CAS#
Glycol Ether
112345
Butyl Carbitol
111159
Cellosolve Acetate
110805
Cellosolve
111900
Carbitol
111773
Methyl Carbitol
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2:
Solvents Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for
Solvents (million pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
2. Paint and Coatings '2000': Review and Forecast. Prepared by Kline and Company, Inc., for the
National Paint and Coating Association, Washington, DC. 1995.
3. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
4. EPA SPECIATE Database 2002. Profile Numbers 2402 for Auto Refinishing, 2403 for Traffic
Markings, and 2418 for Industrial Maintenance Coatings (Data Quality Rating B). "Industrial
Solvents - Winter 1989." Frost & Sullivan, Inc., New York, New York; and "National Paint
Industry Data Base." National Paint and Coatings Association, Washington, D.C. 1990. Profiles
prepared by EC/R Incorporated, Durham, NC, for the U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC.
September 30, 1994.
5.
The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
-------
INDUSTRIAL COATING (continued)
SCC:2401010000,2401015000, 2401020000,2401025000, 2401030000, 2401040000, 2401050000,
2401055000, 2401060000, 2401065000, 2401070000, 2401080000, 2401090000, 2401100000,
2401200000,2401990000
6. Paint and Coatings '2000': Review and Forecast. Prepared by Kline and Company, Inc., for the
National Paint and Coating Association, Washington, DC. 1995.
7.
MSDS for Product ID: Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Naphtha, Benzine CAS# 8032-32-4 EM
Science Division of EM Industries. 02/11/1988. Obtained from Vermont SIRI MSDS Database.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION -PROCESS SOLVENTS
SCC: 2301030000,2430000000, 2440000000
SCC
SCC LI
SCC L2
SCC L3
SCC L4
2301030000
Industrial Processes
Chemical
Manufacturing: SIC 28
Process Emissions from
Pharmaceutical Manuf
(NAPAP cat. 106)
Total
2430000000
Solvent Utilization
Rubber/Plastics
All Processes
Total: All Solvent
Types
2440000000
Solvent Utilization
Miscellaneous
Industrial
All Processes
Total: All Solvent
Types
Process solvent emissions are from the use of solvents in industrial processes including pharmaceutical and chemical
production. The solvent emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach that began with national
solvent production and consumption estimates derived from national sales and other national market data, and
accounted for point source contributions using facility estimates submitted to the EPA for the point source sector of
the NEI. Solvent utilization was assumed to be equal to solvent emissions.
1 2
National solvent utilization data were taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research reports ' in
units of million pounds of solvent. The Freedonia solvent market data were matched to individual nonpoint source
categories according to the solvent usage descriptions in the Freedonia background documentation, as needed.
Solvent consumption data by individual solvent chemical in 1998 were available in a 2000 Freedonia report.
National solvent consumption data for the individual solvent chemicals from 1998 were projected to 2002 using
growth factors also developed using solvent data from 2002 from a Freedonia report for the source category as a
whole. Table 1 shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source
category for 2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Process Solvents.
Item
Data
Data Year
1998
Solvent Source Category
Process Solvents
National Consumption Freedonia Market
Extractive Solvents, Paint Strippers, Lubricants,
Other Pharmaceutical Chemicals, and Other
Markets (See Table 2)
Market Solvent National Consumption (10s lbs)
1,480
Annual Growth (percent)
-0.61
References
National Consumption
Freedonia, 20001
Annual Growth (market type)
Freedonia, 20032 (Other)
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)
0.74
Table 2 shows which chemical data in Freedonia's "Other Markets" solvent market category were allocated to the
Process Solvents source category.
-------
The procedure used to "grow" the 1998 solvent consumption data utilized the ratio of the total solvent consumption
for the source category in 2002 to that reported for 1998, as follows:
Solvent Chemical
Consumption
Solvent Chemical
Consumption in 1998
(tons)
x
Source Category
Consumption in 2002
Source Category
Consumption in 1998
in 2002
(tons)
Table 2. Freedonia "Other Markets" Chemical Data Included in the
"Process Solvents" Source Category.
"Other Market" Solvents
Acetone
Benzene
Benzene Derivatives
Butyl Acetate
E-Series Ether Solvents
Ester Solvents
Ethyl Acetate
Ether Solvents
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethylene Glycol
Furfural solvents
Hydrocarbon Solvents
Isopropyl Alcohol
Methyl Alcohol
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methylene Chloride
Other Alcohol Solvents
Other Chlorinated Solvents
Other Ethylene Oxide Solvents
Other Ketone Solvents
Other Propylene Oxide-Derived Solvents
Other Solvents
Perchloroethylene
Pinene Solvents
Propyl Acetate
Propylene Glycol Solvents
Special Naphthas
Tetrahydrofuran Solvents
Toluene
Trichloroethane
Trichloroehylene
Xylene
-------
The national solvent VOC consumption estimates for Process Solvents were obtained by identifying the reported
individual solvent chemicals for 1998 as VOC and then projecting the individual solvent chemical consumption to
2002, as in the equation above.
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data, by North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. The spatial surrogates used to apportion the national
solvent consumption data for the Process Solvents source category were Chemical Manufacturing (NAICS 325) and
Computer & Electronic Manufacturing (NAICS 334). Because information was otherwise not available, solvent
consumption was divided equally between these two SCCs for the source category.
It was necessary to subtract out the point source component from the total national solvent consumption to obtain
the nonpoint solvent emissions, since the national solvent utilization corresponds to both point and nonpoint solvent
emissions sources. The NEI was used as a reference to estimate the point source component of the solvent
emissions. Because point source control efficiencies for a process may vary on the county level, the spatial
allocation procedure was performed before the point source component was subtracted.
The point and nonpoint source emissions in the NEI are identified by source classification codes (SCCs). Point
SCCs were matched with the appropriate nonpoint SCCs for the same solvent process and subtracted from the
county level allocations to prevent "double counting" of emissions. The point-to-nonpoint SCC correlations in this
step are listed in Table 10 of the Report titled "Solvent Mass Balance" Approach for Estimating VOC Emissions
From 11 Nonpoint Solvent Source Categories located at:
http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/2002inventorv.html#nonpoint
Some of the point source emissions data in the NEI are controlled. Therefore, it was necessary to "back out"
uncontrolled point source emissions, which are equal to solvent consumption. If the point source solvent control
devices were not destructive, the solvent removed was assumed to be used at some other point in the process,
contributing to the overall solvent consumption at the source. In this case, the reported controlled solvent emissions
were assumed to be equal to uncontrolled solvent emissions, as were the solvent emissions from solvent sources
without control devices.
Control device control efficiency (CE) was used to "back out" uncontrolled emissions. The CE used was either the
reported CE, the EPA default CE for the control device, or a default CE of 70 percent for all control devices,
depending on the availability of control information in the NEI. The following equation was used to develop a
control efficiency factor (CEF) for point source solvent control devices that were destructive, for each point source,
P (CEF,):
CEF,, = 1/(1 - (eff/100 )
where,
CEF,, = Control efficiency factor for each point source, p
eff = Control efficiency (percent)
Uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for each point source (p) were obtained by multiplying the point source
controlled solvent emissions by the CEF,,. as follows:
Uncontrolled
Point Source (p)
Solvent (tons)
Controlled
Point Source (p)
Solvent (tons)
x CEFp
-------
The total county uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for all point sources/stacks in the county with the same
SCCs were then obtained by summing the uncontrolled individual point source solvent emissions, for all point
sources in the county with the same SCC. The total county point source solvent consumption by SCC was then
subtracted from the total county solvent consumption by SCC to produce the total county nonpoint solvent
emissions by SCC, as follows:
Nonpoint Solvent Total Solvent Point Source
Emissions by = Consumption - Solvent Consumption
SCC (tons) by SCC (tons) by SCC (tons)
In this last step, if the results were negative a zero was assigned to that nonpoint SCC in the county.
The county-level nonpoint VOC emissions for Process Solvents for the county were obtained by summing the
county-level nonpoint source VOC emissions for all SCCs in the county. National nonpoint VOC emissions were
then obtained by summing the county nonpoint solvent emissions for all counties. Table 3 shows the national
solvent VOC consumption, and point and nonpoint VOC emissions estimates for Process Solvents.
Table 3. National VOC Emissions Summary for Process Solvents.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.72
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.02
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.70
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1)
b Obtained from point source data submitted to EPA for the 2002 NEI.
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were used in the
NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation profiles, shown in Table
4, to estimate HAP emissions. If neither VOC nor HAP emissions were submitted to EPA, county-level nonpoint
HAP emissions were estimated by applying HAP speciation profiles developed from the 2000 Freedonia Report to
the county-level nonpoint VOC consumption estimates. National nonpoint HAP emissions were then obtained by
summing the county-level nonpoint HAP emissions. Table 4 shows the national HAP emissions estimates for
Process Solvents.
-------
Table 4. HAP Speciation Profiles and Emissions for Process Solvents.
CAS#
HAP Name
Percent of Total
Solvent VOC'
Emissions
(tons/year)
71432
Benzene
1.56
107211
Ethylene Glycol
7.00
67561
Methyl Alcohol
4.67
78933
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
5.32
108101
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
0.78
108883
Toluene
1.10
79016
Trichloroethylene
0.58
1330207
Xylene
0.78
Total
21.79
a Derived from the ratio of the individual HAP solvent compound consumption to the total VOC solvent consumption from the
2000 Freedonia report.1
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
2. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2: Solvents
Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for Solvents (million
pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - PESTICIDE APPLICATION
SCC:2461850000,2465800000
SCC
SCC LI
SCC L2
SCC L3
SCC L4
2461850000
Solvent Utilization
Miscellaneous Non-
industrial: Commercial
Pesticide Application:
Agricultural
All Processes
2465800000
Solvent Utilization
Miscellaneous Non-
industrial: Commercial
Pesticide Application
Total: All Solvent
Types
Emissions from Pesticide Application are from the use of pesticides that contain organic solvents. The solvent
emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach based upon national solvent production and
consumption estimates derived from national sales and other national market data. Because only the solvent was
used to estimate emissions, information about the specific properties of the pesticides used (e.g., the density and
water content) were not necessary. Solvent utilization was assumed to be equal to solvent emissions.
1 2
National solvent utilization data was taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research reports ' in
units of million pounds of solvent. The Freedonia solvent market data were matched to individual nonpoint source
categories according to the solvent usage descriptions in the Freedonia background documentation, as needed.
Solvent consumption data by individual solvent chemical in 1998 were available in a 2000 Freedonia report.
National solvent consumption data for the individual solvent chemicals from 1998 were projected to 2002 using
growth factors also developed using solvent data from 2002 from a Freedonia report for the source category as a
whole. Table 1 shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source
category for 2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Pesticide Application.
Item
Data
Data Year
1998
National Consumption Freedonia Market
Carrier Solvents, Other Markets (See Table 2)
Market Solvent National Consumption (10s lbs)
260
Annual Growth (percent)
-0.61
References
National Consumption
Freedonia, 20001
Annual Growth (market type)
Freedonia, 20032 (Other)
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)
0.13
Table 2 shows which chemical data in Freedonia's "Other Markets" solvent market category were allocated to the
Pesticide Application source category.
The procedure used to "grow" the 1998 solvent consumption data utilized the ratio of the total solvent consumption
for the source category in 2002 to that reported for 1998, as follows:
-------
Solvent Chemical Solvent Chemical Source Category
Consumption = Consumption in 1998 x Consumption in 2002
in 2002 (tons) Source Category
(tons) Consumption in 1998
Table 2. Freedonia "Other Markets" Chemical Data Included in the
"Pesticides" Source Category.
"Other Market" Solvents
Benzene
Benzene Derivatives
Ethyl Acetate
Hydrocarbon Solvents
Other Solvents
Special Naphthas
The national solvent VOC consumption estimates for Pesticide Application were obtained by identifying the
reported individual solvent chemicals for 1998 and then projecting the individual solvent chemical consumption to
2002, as in the equation above. Solvent consumption was then assumed to be equal to VOC emissions.
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data, by North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes and population. For the Pesticide Application source
category, one-half of the solvent use was allocated using employment data in Crop Production (NAICS 111) and
one-half by population. Because information was otherwise not available, solvent consumption was divided equally
among the SCCs for the source category. It was not necessary to subtract out the point source component from the
total national solvent consumption since there are no point source emissions for this source category. Table 3 shows
the national solvent VOC consumption and nonpoint VOC emissions estimates for Pesticide Application.
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were used in the
NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation profile developed from
Freedonia compound data and shown in Table 4, to estimate HAP emissions. If neither VOC nor HAP emissions
were submitted to EPA, county-level nonpoint HAP pesticide emissions were estimated by applying the HAP
speciation profile developed from compound data in the 2002 Freedonia report to the county-level nonpoint VOC
consumption estimates. National nonpoint pesticide HAP emissions were then obtained by summing the county-
level nonpoint HAP emissions. Table 4 shows the national HAP emissions estimate for Pesticide Application.
-------
Table 3. National VOC Emissions Summary for Pesticide Application.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.12
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.00
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.12
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1)
b From the 2002 NEI point sources sector file
Table 4. HAP Speciation Profile and Emissions for Pesticide Application.
CAS#
HAP Name
Percent of Total
Emissions
Solvent VOCa
(tons/year)
71432
Benzene
26.15
Total
26.15
a Derived from the ratio of the individual HAP solvent compound consumption to the total VOC solvent consumption from the
2000 Freedonia report.1
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
2.
The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2: Solvents
Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for Solvents (million
pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - SURFACE CLEANING - DEGREASING
SCC:2415100000,2415125000,2415300000,2415130000
SCC
SCC LI
SCC L2
SCC L3
SCC L4
2415100000
Solvent Utilization
Degreasing
All Industries: Open Top Degreasing
Total: All Solvent
Types
2415125000
Solvent Utilization
Degreasing
'Industrial Machinery and Equipment
(SIC 35): Open Top Degreasing
Total: All Solvent
Types
2415130000
Solvent Utilization
Degreasing
'Electronic and Other Elec. (SIC 36):
Open Top Degreasing
Total: All Solvent
Types
2415300000
Solvent Utilization
Degreasing
All Industries: Cold Cleaning
Total: All Solvent
Types
Surface Cleaning emissions are from organic solvents used in cold cleaning and vapor degreasing operations. The
solvent emissions were estimated using a material mass balance approach that began with national solvent
production and consumption estimates derived from national sales and other national market data, and accounted for
point source contributions using facility estimates submitted to the EPA by state, local and tribal agencies. Solvent
utilization was assumed to be equal to solvent emissions.
1 2
National solvent utilization data was taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research reports ' in
units of million pounds of solvent. The Freedonia solvent market data were matched to individual nonpoint source
categories according to the solvent usage descriptions in the Freedonia background documentation, as needed.
Solvent consumption data by individual solvent chemical in 1998 were available in a 2000 Freedonia report.
National solvent consumption data for the individual solvent chemicals from 1998 were projected to 2002 using
growth factors also developed using solvent data from 2002 from a Freedonia report for the source category as a
whole. Table 1 shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate national solvent emissions for the source
category for 2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Surface Cleaning.
Item
Data
Data Year
1998
National Consumption Freedonia Market
Cold Cleaning, Vapor Degreasing
Market Solvent National Consumption (10s lbs)
300
Annual Growth (percent)
-0.71
References
National Consumption
Freedonia, 20001
Annual Growth (market type)
Freedonia, 20032 (Cleaning Products)
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (10s tons)
0.15
The procedure used to "grow" the 1998 solvent consumption data utilized the ratio of the total solvent consumption
for the source category in 2002 to that reported for 1998, as follows:
Solvent Chemical Solvent Chemical
Source Category
-------
Consumption
Consumption in 1998
(tons)
x
Consumption in 2002
Source Category
Consumption in 1998
in 2002
(tons)
The national solvent VOC consumption estimates for Surface Cleaning were obtained by identifying the reported
individual solvent chemicals for 1998 as VOC and then projecting the individual solvent chemical consumption to
2002, as in the equation above. Solvent consumption was then assumed to be equal to VOC emissions. The
national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data, by North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. The spatial surrogates used to apportion the national
solvent consumption data for the Surface Cleaning source category were: Metal (NAICS 331,332); Machinery
(NAICS 333); Computers (NAICS 334); Electrical (NAICS 335); Transportation (NAICS 336); Furniture
(NAICS 337); Misc Mft (NAICS 339); Auto Parts (NAICS 441); Transp. (NAICS 483, 484, 485, 488); Auto Repair
(NAICS 8111); Electronic Repair (NAICS 8112}. Because information was otherwise not available, solvent
consumption was divided equally among the SCCs for the source category.
It was necessary to subtract out the point source component from the total national solvent consumption to obtain
the nonpoint solvent emissions, since the national solvent utilization corresponds to both point and nonpoint solvent
emissions sources. The NEI was used as a reference to estimate the point source component of the solvent
emissions. Because point source control efficiencies for a process may vary on the county level, the spatial
allocation procedure was performed before the point source component was subtracted.
The point and nonpoint source emissions estimates in the NEI are organized using source classification codes
(SCCs). Point source SCCs were matched to nonpoint source SCCs. These SCC matches were used to subtract
point source solvent consumption from the total solvent allocated to each county. The point-to-nonpoint SCC
correlations used in this step are in the report titled Top Down Approach for Estimating VOC Emissions From
Eleven Area Source Solvent Categories located at: http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/2002inventorv.html#nonpoint.
Some of the point source emissions data in the NEI are controlled. Therefore, it was necessary to "back out"
uncontrolled point source emissions, which are equal to solvent consumption. If the point source solvent control
devices were not destructive, the solvent removed was assumed to be used at some other point in the process,
contributing to the overall solvent consumption at the source. In this case, the reported controlled solvent emissions
were assumed to be equal to uncontrolled solvent emissions, as were the solvent emissions from solvent sources
without control devices.
Control device control efficiency (CE) was used to "back out" uncontrolled emissions. The CE used was either the
reported CE or a default CE of 70 percent for all control devices, depending on the availability of control
information in the NEI. The following equation was used to develop a control efficiency factor (CEF) for point
source solvent control devices that were destructive, for each point source, p (CEF,):
CEF^ = 1/(1 - (eff/100 )
where,
CEFp
eff
Control efficiency factor for each point source, p
Control efficiency (percent)
Uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for each point source (p) were obtained by multiplying the point source
controlled solvent emissions by the CEF;,. as follows:
-------
Uncontrolled
Point Source (p)
Solvent (tons)
Controlled
Point Source (p)
Solvent (tons)
x CEF^
The total county uncontrolled point source solvent emissions for all point sources/stacks in the county with the same
SCCs were then obtained by summing the uncontrolled individual point source solvent emissions, for all point
sources in the county with the same SCC. The total county point source solvent consumption by SCC was then
subtracted from the total county solvent consumption by SCC to produce the total county nonpoint solvent
emissions by SCC, as follows:
Nonpoint Solvent Total Solvent Point Source
Emissions by = Consumption - Solvent Consumption
SCC (tons) by SCC (tons) by SCC (tons)
In this last step, if the results were negative a zero was assigned to that nonpoint SCC in the county.
The county-level nonpoint VOC emissions for Surface Cleaning for the county were obtained by summing the
county-level nonpoint source VOC emissions for all SCCs in the county. National nonpoint VOC emissions were
then obtained by summing the county nonpoint solvent emissions for all counties. Table 2 shows the national
solvent VOC consumption, and point and nonpoint VOC emissions estimates for Surface Cleaning.
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Surface Cleaning.
Item
Data
Pollutant
VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3
0.14
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b
0.01
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106 tons)
0.13
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1)
b Obtained from point source data submitted to EPA for the 2002 NEI.
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were used in the
NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation profile developed from
Freedonia compound data and shown in Table 3, to estimate HAP emissions. If neither VOC nor HAP emissions
were submitted to EPA, county-level nonpoint HAP emissions were estimated by applying a HAP speciation profile
developed from the 2002 Freedonia report to the county-level nonpoint VOC consumption estimates. National
nonpoint pesticide HAP emissions were then obtained by summing the county-level nonpoint HAP emissions.
Table 3 shows the national HAP emissions estimate for Surface Cleaning.
-------
Table 3. HAP Speciation Profile and Emissions for Surface Cleaning.
CAS#
HAP Name
Percent of Total
Solvent VOCa
Emissions
(tons/year)
79016
Trichloroethylene
0.68
Total
0.68
a Derived from the ratio of the individual HAP solvent compound consumption to the total VOC solvent consumption from the
2000 Freedonia report.1
References:
1. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents to 2003. Study 1115." Cleveland, Ohio. 2000.
2. The Freedonia Group. "Solvents: Green & Conventional to 2007. Study 1663." Chapter 2: Solvents
Demand (million pounds) 1997 - 2012; Chapter 5: Paints and Coatings Market for Solvents (million
pounds) 1992-2012. Cleveland, Ohio. April 2003.
-------
SOLVENT UTILIZATION - TRAFFIC PAINTS
SCC:2401008000
Emissions from Traffic Paints are from the application of paints that contain solvent. The solvent emissions were
estimated using a material mass balance approach that began with national solvent production and consumption
estimates derived from national sales and other national market data. Because only the solvent was used to estimate
emissions, information about the specific coatings used, for example, the coating density and water content, was not
necessary. Solvent utilization was assumed to be equal to solvent emissions.
National solvent utilization data were taken from The Freedonia Group, Inc., solvent market research reports1 in
units of million pounds of solvent in the Paint and Coating (P&C) source category. The fraction of the total P&C
solvent consumed by Traffic Paints was estimated from a National Paint and Coatings Association (NPCA) report2
on paint and coating use. To estimate solvent use for Traffic Paints, the fraction of total coating use for Traffic
Paints (0.022) from the NPCA report2 was multiplied by the total Freedonia P&C solvent consumption to obtain an
estimate of solvent consumption for the source category. All solvent used in Traffic Paints was assumed to be VOC
based on previous Freedonia solvent reports.3 Table 1 shows the Freedonia solvent market data used to estimate
national solvent emissions for the source category for 2002.
Table 1. National Solvent Consumption Data for Traffic Paints.
Item Data
Data Year 2002
National Consumption Freedonia Market Paint and Coating
Market Solvent National Consumption (106 lbs) 60
Fraction of Total Paint and Coatings 0.02
References
National Consumption Freedonia, 20031
Paint and Coatings Fraction NPCA2
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons) 0.03
The national solvent utilization data were allocated to the states and counties using business activity data, by North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. The spatial surrogate used to apportion the national
solvent consumption data for the Traffic Paints source category was Highway and Street Construction
(NAICS 23411). Table 2 shows the national solvent VOC consumption and nonpoint VOC emissions estimates for
Traffic Paints.
-------
TRAFFIC PAINTS (continued)
SCC:2401008000
Table 2. National VOC Emissions Summary for Traffic Paints
Item Data
Pollutant VOC
Source Category National Solvent Emissions (106 tons)3 0.03
Estimated Point Source VOC Emissions (106 tons)b 0.00
National Nonpoint VOC Emissions (106tons) 0.03
a Derived from national sales and other national market data (see Table 1).
b From the 2002 NEI point sources sector file
National solvent HAP consumption estimates for Traffic Paints were obtained by applying speciation
profiles developed from compound data in the Freedonia Reports and are shown in Table 3. The profiles,
expressed as fractions of the total VOC solvent, were multiplied by total VOC to obtain estimates of
speciated solvent emissions from the source categories. Individual species were identified as HAP and then
summed to obtain the total HAP emissions for the surface coatings categories. The procedure used to
develop the speciation profiles and other HAP estimates are described below. References to tables are
shown in parentheses below.
Speciated emissions from the surface coating categories were estimated using speciation profiles from
EPA's SPECIATE database,4 which are based on 1990 solvent data. For the purpose of the 2002 NEI
estimate, the SPECIATE profiles were updated with current industry information that included individual
solvent consumption data for 1998 obtained by The Freedonia Group5 from market sales data and a 1995
National Paint and Coatings Association (NP&CA)6 projection breakdown of solvent use by surface
coating source category. The industry data were used to adjust the EPA SPECIATE profiles to reflect
recent changes in solvent composition due to market changes and regulatory issues.
In the first step, the 1990 SPECIATE profiles for eight surface coating source categories (SURF-1), by
pollutant and by source category, were used to develop a "1990 Composite Paints and Coatings SPECIATE
Profile" (by pollutant) using weighting factors for each surface coating source category developed from the
1995 NPCA report (SURF-2). The weighting factors were developed from the volume of coating
consumed by each surface coating source category based on 1994 data projected to 2000. Using this
procedure a"1990 Composite Paint and Coating SPECIATE Profile" (SURF-3, column 1) was developed
that consisted of a breakdown of "Paints and Coatings" consumption, by pollutant, in units of percent of
total coating.
In the second step, the "1990 Composite Paint and Coating SPECIATE Profile" (SURF-3, column 3) was
compared to 1998 Freedonia data (by pollutant) for the "Paint and Coating" source category as a whole,
that was similarly expressed in terms of the percent that each individual solvent species comprised of the
total (SURF-4 and, also, SURF-3 column 4). This comparison showed that there was a significant
difference between 1990 coatings and 1998 coatings which was due to substitution of aliphatic
hydrocarbons and alcohols (ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and mineral spirits) for more
hazardous solvents (toluene and xylene). Adjustment factors were then calculated (SURF-3, column 5) for
the six species that showed significant change using the ratio of the 1998 Freedonia data to the "1990
Composite." Also, species described as "naptha" or "mineral spirits" were replaced with a more detailed
speciation profile taken from a representative MSDS.7
The adjustment factors were multiplied by the "1990 Composite" speciation percentages for each of the six
affected species, and then all "1990 Composite" species, as adjusted and amended as above, were
normalized to 100 percent VOC to produce an "Updated Speciated Profile ~ Adjusted and Normalized," by
pollutant and source category in terms of percent of total VOC (SURF-5). The pollutants that are HAP
then were identified to develop HAP profiles, as a percent of total VOC, for the three surface coating
categories (SURF-6).
-------
TRAFFIC PAINTS (continued)
SCC:2401008000
Acetone, which is not a VOC, was estimated separately for the surface coating source categories using
Freedonia5 data for total acetone consumption for the "Paint and Coating" source category. Acetone
consumption for 2002 for "Paint and Coating" was estimated to be 0.14 million tons based on 1998
Freedonia market data and projected consumption for 2003 from the Freedonia report. Using the same
apportionment of total paint and coating for the three surface coating source categories developed from the
NPCA report,6 as above, the consumption of acetone for 2002 in the three individual surface coating
categories also was estimated (see SURF-6).
If HAP emission estimates were submitted to EPA by state, local or tribal agencies, these numbers were
used in the NEI. Where only VOC estimates were submitted, they were used with the HAP speciation
profiles, shown in Table 3, to estimate HAP emissions. If neither VOC nor HAP emissions were submitted
to EPA, county-level nonpoint HAP emissions were estimated by applying the HAP speciation profiles to
the county-level nonpoint VOC consumption estimates developed using Freedonia data. National nonpoint
HAP emissions were then obtained by summing the county-level nonpoint HAP emissions. Table 3 shows
the national HAP emissions estimates for Traffic Paints.
Table 3. HAP Speciation Profiles and Emissions for Traffic Paints.
CAS#
MAP Name
Percenl of Tulal
I'lmissions
S
-------
TRAFFIC PAINTS (continued)
SCC:2401008000
7. MSDS for Product ID: Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Naphtha, Benzine CAS# 8032-32-4 EM
Science Division of EM Industries. 02/11/1988. Obtained from Vermont SIRI MSDS
Database.
-------
[This page intentionally left blank.]
-------
Appendix B
Electronic Appendix Containing
Data Sets Used to Spatially Allocate National
Activity Data and Emissions to Counties
Appendix B - Electronic Appendix Containing
Spatial Allocation Data Sets
-------
The data sets used to allocate 2002 activity data to counties for the nonpoint source NEI are included in an
Access 2000 database named "Appendix B_Final02NPNEI_Jan06.mdb." The database is located at the following
link on the web: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html under Inventory Documentation in the
NONPOINT folder.
This database contains the following tables:
Table Name Description
T01 - 2002 Landings and Takeoffs General Aviation LTO data for 2002 computed from
FAA's ATADS for Instrument Operations
T02- 2002 Bales of Cotton Ginned U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural
Statistics Service. "Reports by Commodity - Cotton
Ginnings." 2002.
http://www.usda.gOv/nass/pubs/estindxl.htm#cotton
T03 - 2002 Number of Building Permits
T04 - 2000 Number of Houses Heating By Fuel Type
T05 - 2002 Population
T06 - 2002 Urban/Rural Population
T07 - 2002 Number of Restaurants
T08 - Detached Single-Family Housing Data
T09 - PavedRoad_02_emis_alloc_fac
T10 - UnpavedRoad_02_emis_alloc_fac
Til - Paved UnpavedRoad VMTtempfactors
T12 - 2002 Non-ResConstruction
Employment Data
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
Construction Statistics. Annual Housing Units Authorized
by Building Permits - Permits by County. 2002.
U.S. Census Bureau. "Table H40. House Heating Fuel
Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3, [Data file], March,
2003.
U.S. Census Bureau. 7/1/2002 County Population
Estimates File and Components of Change. April 17, 2003.
Memorandum from Regi Oommen, ERG, to Andy
Bollman and Randy Strait, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.,
"Determination of 2002 County U1/U2/R Classifications
for the United States," January 7, 2004.
Dun & Bradstreet, Marketplace CD-ROM, Jan-Mar, 2002.
(Restaurants associated with commercial cooking)
U.S. Census Bureau. 2003. American FactFinder, Data
Sets, Census 2000 Summary File 3, Quick Tables. Internet
address: http://factfinder.census.gov. Data Retrieved for
each U.S. County on June 30, 2003.
2002 Paved Road Fugitive Dust County/Road Type-level
Emission Allocation Factors
2002 Unpaved Road Fugitive Dust County-level Emission
Allocation Factors
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Annual Average
Employment for NAICS 2362. Withheld BLS Data
supplemented with Non-ResConstruction employment data
from Dun & Bradstreet, Marketplace CD-ROM, Jan-Mar,
2002.
Paved and Unpaved Road VMT Seasonal Temporal
Allocation Factors from NAPAP
B-2
Appendix B - Electronic Appendix Containing
Spatial Allocation Data Sets
-------
Table Name
T13 - 2001 Comm/Inst County Business Patterns
Employment Data
T14 - 2001 Industrial County Business Patterns
Employment Data
T15 - 2001 NAICS Code 42271 County Business
Patterns Employment Data
Description
From County Business Patterns 2001
From County Business Patterns 2001
From County Business Patterns 2001
B-3
Appendix B - Electronic Appendix Containing
Spatial Allocation Data Sets
-------
[This page intentionally left blank.]
-------
Appendix C
Emission Factors and County-Level
Activity Data Used to Calculate 2002
Emissions by Category
Appendix C - Emission Factors and County-Level Activity
Data Used to Calculate 2002 Emissions by Category
-------
The activity data sets and emission factors used to calculate county-level 2002 emissions for the nonpoint
source NEI are included in an Access 2000 database named "Appendix C_Final02NPNEI_Jan06.mdb." This
database is located at the following link on the web: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html under
Inventory Documentation in the NONPOINT folder.
Table Name
Description
AvGasStagelActivity Data
AvGasStagelEmiss Fact Composite
AvGasStagelEmiss Fact Original
AvGasStagellActivity Data
AvGasStagellEmiss Factors
BulkPlantActivity Data
BulkPlant Emission Factors
countylevel
BulkPlant Emission Factors
nationallevel
BulkTerminalsActivity Data
BulkTerminalsEmission Factors
ComCookActivity Data Composite
ComCookActivity Data Original
ComCookEmission Factors
ConsumerProductsActivity Data
ConsumerProductsEmission Factors
CottonGin_Activity Data
CottonGin Emission Factors
2002 Activity Data for Aviation Gasoline Distribution: Stage I Source
Category
2002 Composite Emission Factors for Aviation Gasoline Distribution:
Stage I Source Category
2002 Original Emission Factors for Aviation Gasoline Distribution: Stage
I Source Category
2002 Activity Data for Aviation Gasoline Distribution: Stage II
Source Category
2002 Emission Factors for Aviation Gasoline Distribution: Stage II
Source Category
2002 Activity Data for Bulk Plants
2002 Emissions Factors, County Level MTBE and Benzene, for Bulk
Plants
2002 Emission Factors, National Level, for Bulk Plants
2002 Activity Data for Bulk Terminals
2002 Emissions Factors for Bulk Terminals
2002 Composite Activity Data for Commercial Charbroiling Source
Categories (sum of original activity to the SCC-level)
2002 Original Activity Data for Commercial Cooking Source Categories
(in tons/week)
2002 Emission Factors for Commercial Cooking Source Categories
2002 Activity Data for Commercial & Consumer Products Usage Source
Categories
2002 Emission Factors for Commercial & Consumer Products Usage
Source Categories
2002 Activity Data for Cotton Ginning Source Category
2002 Emission Factors for Cotton Ginning Source Category
C-2
Appendix C - Emission Factors and County-Level Activity
Data Used to Calculate 2002 Emissions by Category
-------
Table Name
DrumReclamActivity Data
DrumReclamEmission Factors
FuelCombustionActivity Data
FuelCombustionNP Emission Factors
FuelCombustionPT to NP Xwalk_
PT CO EFs
Hg CategoriesActivity Data
Hg CategoriesEmission Factors
HwyConstructionActivity Data
HwyConstructionEmission Factors
Non-ResConstruction_Activity Data
Non-ResConstruction_Emission Factors
OpenBurnLandClearingActivity Data
OpenBurnLandClearingEmission
Factors
OpenBurnMSWActivity Data
OpenBurnMSWEmission Factors
OpenBurnTiresActivity Data
OpenBurnTiresEmission Factors
OpenBurnYWActivty Data
OpenBurnYWEmission Factors
PavedUnpavedRoadControlFactors
Description
2002 Activity Data for Drum and Barrel Reclamation Source Category
2002 Emission Factors for Drum and Barrel Reclamation Source
Category
2001 County-Level Activity Data for Commercial/Institutional and
Industrial Fuel Combustion Categories
2002 State-Level Nonpoint Emission Factors for
Commercial/Institutional and Industrial Fuel Combustion Categories
Used for point source backouts; contains point source uncontrolled CO
emission factors and mapping of point to nonpoint SCCs for back-
calculating point source throughput to subtract from total State Energy
Data fuel consumption
2002 Activity Data for Lamp Breakage, Fluorescent Lamp Recycling,
and General Laboratory Activities Source Categories
2002 Emission Factors for Lamp Breakage, Fluorescent Lamp Recycling,
and General Laboratory Activities Source Categories
2002 Activity Data for Highway Construction Source Category
2002 Emission Factors for Highway Construction Source Category
2002 Activity Data for Non-Residential Construction Source Category
2002 Emission Factors for Non-Residential Construction Source
Category
2002 Activity Data for Open Burning of Land Clearing Debris Source
Category
2002 Emission Factors for Open Burning of Land Clearing Debris Source
Category
2002 Activity Data for Open Burning of Residential Municipal Solid
Waste Source Category
2002 Emission Factors for Open Burning of Residential Municipal Solid
Waste Source Category
2002 Activity Data for Open Burning of Scrap Tires Source Category
2002 Emission Factors for Open Burning of Scrap Tires Source Category
2002 Activity Data for Open Burning of Yard Waste Source Categories,
Leaves & Brush
2002 Emission Factors for Open Burning of Yard Waste Source
Categories, Leaves & Brush
Paved and Unpaved Road Fugitive Dust Control Factors
C-3
Appendix C - Emission Factors and County-Level Activity
Data Used to Calculate 2002 Emissions by Category
-------
Table Name
PavedRoad_Precipitation_02_Data
PavedRoadUncontrolledPM 10_EF s
PavedRoad_Uncontrolled_PM25_EF s
Pipelines_Activity Data
Pipelines_Emission Factors
POTWActivity Data
POTWEmission Factors
ResConstructionActivity Data
ResConstructionEmission Factors
ResHeatCoalActivity Data
ResHeatCoalEmission Factors
ResHeatDistillActivity Data
ResHeatDistillEmission Factors
ResHeatNatGasActivity Data
ResHeatNatGasEmission Factors
ResKeroseneActivity Data
ResKeroseneActivity DataStatelevel
ResKeroseneEmission Factors
ResLPGActivity Data
ResLPGActivity DataStatelevel
ResLPG Emission Factors
Description
Number of days with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation by month in
2002 for paved roads
2002 Paved Road Fugitive Dust Uncontrolled PM10-PRI7-FIL Emission
Factors by State, Road Class, and Month
2002 Paved Road Fugitive Dust Uncontrolled PM25-PRI/-FIL Emission
Factors by State, Road Class, and Month
2002 Activity Data for Pipelines
2002 Emission Factors for Pipelines
2002 Activity Data for Publicly Owned Treatment Works Source
Category
2002 Emission Factors for Publicly Owned Treatment Works Source
Category
2002 Activity Data for Residential Construction Source Category
2002 Emission Factors for Residential Construction Source Category
2002 Activity Data for Residential Heating: Anthracite and Bituminous/
Subbituminous & Lignite Source Categories
2002 Emission Factors for Residential Heating: Anthracite and
Bituminous/Subbituminous & Lignite Source Categories
2002 Activity Data for Residential Heating: Distillate Oil Source
Category
2002 Emission Factors for Residential Heating: Distillate Oil Source
Category
2002 Activity Data for Residential Heating: Natural Gas Source Category
2002 Activity Data for Residential Heating: Natural Gas Source Category
2000 county-level residential kerosene consumption in thousands of
barrels
2000 state-level residential kerosene consumption in thousands of barrels
Residential kerosene emission factors in pounds per thousand barrels
2000 county-level residential LPG consumption in thousands of barrels
2000 state-level residential LPG consumption in thousands of barrels
Residential LPG emission factors in pounds per thousand barrels
C-4
Appendix C - Emission Factors and County-Level Activity
Data Used to Calculate 2002 Emissions by Category
-------
Table Name
ResWoodCombActivity Data
ResWoodComb Emission Factors
Description
2002 Activity Data for Residential Wood Combustion Source Categories
2002 Emission Factors for Residential Wood Combustion Source
Categories
Solvent Nonpoint to Point SCC Crosswalk Solvent Utilization: Nonpoint to Point SCC Crosswalk for Point Source
Backouts
StageIServiceStation_ Activity Data
StagelServiceStationEmission
Factors county level
StagelServiceStationsEmission
Factorsnationallevel
TankTruckActivity Data
TankTruckEmission Factors
county level
TankTruck Emission Factors
nationallevel
UnpavedRoad_Precipitation_02_Data
UnpavedRoad Silt Content by State
2002 Activity data for Stage I Service Stations: Stage I Source Category
2002 Emissions Factors, County Level MTBE and Benzene, for
Stage I Service Stations: Stage I Source Category
2002 Emissions Factors, National Level, for Stage I Service Stations:
Stage I Source Category
2002 Activity Data for Tank Trucks in Transit
2002 Emissions Factors, County Level MTBE and Benzene, for Tank
Trucks in Transit
2002 Emission Factors, National Level, for Tank Trucks in Transit
Number of days with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation by month in
2002 for unpaved roads
Silt Content Values Used in Unpaved Road Fugitive Dust Emission
Calculations
UnpavedRoadUncontrolledPMlOEFs 2002 Unpaved Road Fugitive Dust Uncontrolled PM10-PRI/-FIL
Emission Factors by State, Road Class, and Month
UnpavedRoad_Uncontrolled_PM25_EFs 2002 Unpaved Road Fugitive Dust Uncontrolled PM25-PRI/-FIL
Emission Factors by State, Road Class, and Month
USTEmptying&Breathing Activity Data 2002 Activity Data for Underground Storage Tank Emptying and
Breathing
USTEmptying&Breathing Emission
Factors _county_level
U STEmpty ing&Breathing_Emission
Factors national level
2002 Emissions Factors, County Level MTBE and Benzene, for
Underground Storage Tanks Emptying and Breathing
2002 Emission Factors, National Level, for Underground Storage
Tanks Emptying and Breathing
C-5
Appendix C - Emission Factors and County-Level Activity
Data Used to Calculate 2002 Emissions by Category
-------
Appendix D
Electronic Appendix Summary of Changes
Made to State, Local, and Tribal (S/L/T)
Inventory Data to Prepare the Draft 2002
and the Final Nonpoint Source NEI
Appendix D - Electronic Appendix Summarizing
Changes to S/L/T Inventories
-------
The Electronic Appendix Summary of Changes Made to State, Local, and Tribal (S/L/T) Inventory Data to
Prepare the Draft 2002 and the Final Nonpoint Source NEI is in an MS Excel Spreadsheet named "Appendix
D Nonpoint Doc Feb 02 version of 2002 NEI.xls." The spreadsheet is located at the following link on the web:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html under Inventory Documentation in the NONPOINT folder.
D-2
Appendix D - Electronic Appendix Summarizing
Changes to S/L/T Inventories
-------
United States Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Publication No. EPA-454/B-20-014
Environmental Protection Air Quality Assessment Division July 2006
Agency Research Triangle Park, NC
------- |