* — \ *1 PROt^ DOCUMENTATION FOR THE FINAL 2002 MOBILE NATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY, VERSION 3 ------- ------- EPA-454/B-20-022 September 2007 DOCUMENTATION FOR THE FINAL 2002 MOBILE NATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY, VERSION 3 Prepared by: Assessment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ann Arbor, MI 48105 And E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 3622 Lyckan Parkway, Suite 2005 Durham, NC 27707 Prepared for: Emissions Inventory Group (D205-01) Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Contract No. 68-D-02-063 Work Order No. 5-02 Pechan Report No. 07.09.002/9014.502 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Air Quality Assessment Division Research Triangle Park, NC ------- [Thispage intentionally left blank] ------- September 2007 CONTENTS Page TABLES vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT? 1 1.2 WHAT CATEGORIES ARE COVERED IN THIS REPORT? 2 1.3 HOW IS THIS REPORT ORGANIZED? 2 2.0 SUMMARY OF 2002 NONROAD AND ONROAD MOBILE METHODOLOGIES. 3 2.1 WHAT ARE THE GENERAL METHODOLOGIES EPA USED TO DEVELOP PREVIOUS MOBILE NEIS? 3 2.2 HOW HAVE EMISSION ESTIMATES CHANGED FROM THE 2002 PRELIMINARY NEI? 3 2.2.1 Basis for 2002 Preliminary Mobile NEI 3 2.2.2 Basis for 2002 Draft Mobile NEI 12 2.2.3 Onroad Mobile Pollutant Emission Comparisons 14 2.2.4 NONROAD Model Pollutant Emission Comparisons 16 2.3 HOW HAVE 2002 VERSION 2 EMISSION ESTIMATES CHANGED FROM THE 2002 DRAFT NEI? 17 2.3.1 Ammonia Calculations for Nonroad Engines 18 2.3.2 Temperature and Humidity Data 18 2.3.3 Fuel Properties 18 2.3.4 I/M Program Changes 21 2.3.5 S/L/T Changes 29 2.4 HOW HAVE 2002 VERSION 3 EMISSION ESTIMATES CHANGED FROM THE 2002 VERSION 2 NEI? 34 2.4.1 MOBILE Model Changes 35 2.4.2 NONROAD Model Changes 35 2.4.3 Additions and Revisions to NMIM 36 3.0 NMIM 38 3.1 NMIM METHODOLOGY 38 3.1.1 Introduction and Overview 38 3.1.2 How NMIM Works 39 3.1.3 How NMIM Runs Mobile6 39 3.1.4 How NMIM Runs NONROAD 43 3.1.5 Pollutants for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM 44 3.1.6 Source Categories for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM 46 3.2 THE NMIM COUNTY DATABASE 48 3.2.1 Database Structure 48 3.2.2 Onroad VMT 48 3.2.2.1 Annual 50 3.2.2.2 Monthly Allocation 57 in Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 3.2.3 Fuel Properties 61 3.2.3.1 Gasoline 61 3.2.3.2 Diesel and Natural Gas 62 3.2.4 Environmental Data 63 3.2.4.1 Temperature and Humidity 63 3.2.4.2 Altitude and Barometric Pressure 69 3.2.5 Nonroad-Specific Parameters 69 3.2.6 Onroad Local Emission Control Programs 71 3.2.6.1 Inspection and Maintenance Programs 71 3.2.6.2 Anti-Tampering Programs 71 3.2.6.3 Low Emitting Vehicle Programs 71 3.2.6.4 Refueling Emission Control Programs 72 3.2.7 Onroad Fleet and Activity 73 3.2.7.1 Age Distribution 73 3.2.7.2 Diesel Sales Fractions 74 3.2.7.3 Average Speeds 74 3.2.7.4 Annual Mileage Accumulation Rates 75 3.2.7.5 Trips Per Day 75 3.2.7.6 Trip Length Distribution 76 3.2.7.7 Hourly Distribution of Engine Starts 76 3.2.7.8 Hourly Distribution of Vehicle Miles Traveled 76 3.2.7.9 Soak Time Distribution 77 3.2.7.10 Diurnal Activity Distribution 77 3.2.7.11 Hot Soak Distribution 78 3.2.8 NMIM Toxic Emission Factors 78 3.2.8.1 Gaseous HAPs 79 3.2.8.2 PAHs 80 3.2.8.3 Metals, Dioxins, and Furans 80 3.2.8.4 Revisions to NMIM Toxic Emission Factors 80 3.2.9 Quality Assurance (QA) Procedures 81 4.0 2002 ONROAD NEI DEVELOPMENT 83 4.1 HOW WAS NMIM RUN TO GENERATE A DEFAULT ONROAD NEI? 83 4.2 HOW WERE NMIM EMISSIONS AND STATE DATA USED? 83 4.3 WHAT AUGMENTATION PROCEDURES WERE USED FOR STATE DATA?.86 4.3.1 Missing Pollutants 86 4.3.2 SCC Allocations 86 4.3.2.1 Vehicle Type Allocations 86 4.3.2.2 Road Type Allocations 87 4.3.2.3 Exhaust/Evaporative/Tire/Brake Allocations 87 4.3.2.4 Ammonia Allocations 88 4.3.3 Estimating Annual Emissions 88 4.4 QA PROCEDURES 88 4.4.1 Models 88 4.4.2 NMIM County Database 88 4.4.3 Completeness Checks 88 4.4.4 Comparison of the Draft 2002 NEI with Preliminary 2002 NEI 89 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile IV National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 4.5 NOTES 89 5.0 2002 NONROAD NEI DEVELOPMENT 91 5.1 HOW WAS NMIM RUN TO GENERATE A DEFAULT NONROAD NEI? 91 5.2 HOW WERE NMIM EMISSIONS AND S/L/T DATA USED? 91 5.3 WHAT AUGMENTATION PROCEDURES WERE USED FOR STATE DATA?.91 5.3.1 Missing Pollutants 91 5.3.2 SCC Detail 94 5.3.3 Estimating Annual Emissions 94 5.4 QA PROCEDURES 94 5.4.1 Models 94 5.4.2 NMIM County Database 95 5.4.3 Completeness Checks 95 5.4.4 Comparison with Preliminary 2002 NEI 95 5.4.5 Quality Assurance ofNIF3.0 Format 95 5.5 NOTES 96 6.0 2002 MOBILE STAGE II REFUELING NEI 97 6.1 HOW WERE STAGE II ONROAD REFUELING EMISSIONS DEVELOPED?. . 97 6.2 HOW WERE STAGE II NONROAD REFUELING EMISSIONS DEVELOPED?.97 6.3 REPORTING OF MOBILE STAGE II REFUELING 98 6.4 QA PROCEDURES 98 7.0 REFERENCES 99 APPENDIX A. LOCAL DATA FOR NMIM COUNTY DATABASE A-1 APPENDIX B. ONROAD MOBILE EMISSIONS DATA SUMMARIES FOR S/L/T SUBMITTALS B-l APPENDIX C. NONROAD MODEL EMISSIONS DATA SUMMARIES FOR S/L/T SUBMITTALS C-l v Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 TABLES 1-1. Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 1 2-la. Methods Used to Develop Emission Estimates for Onroad Vehicle Sources 4 2-lb. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for Nonroad Mobile Sources 6 2-2. Summary of Onroad and Nonroad 2002 CERR Data Submissions 13 2-3. Comparison of 2002 Onroad Mobile Draft and Preliminary NEI 16 2-4. Comparison of 2002 NONROAD Model Draft and Preliminary NEI 17 2-5. Comparison of 2002 Onroad Mobile Version 2 and Draft NEI 17 2-6. Comparison of 2002 NONROAD Model Version 2 and Draft NEI 18 2-7. List of Original I/M Program Description Files Adapted from the 1999 NEI Inputs 29 2-8. List of State Supplied I/M Program Description Files 30 2-9. List of I/M Program File Names Used for Version 2 of the 2002 National Emission Inventory 31 2-10. Comparison of 2002 Onroad Mobile Final (Version 3) and Version 2 NEI 34 2-11. Comparison of 2002 NONROAD Model Final (Version 3) and Version 2 NEI 35 3-1. The 18 Vehicle Class-roadway Type Combinations inNMIM 42 3-2. The MOBILE6 Calendar Years and Evaluation Months That Are Used by NMIM to Produce an Inventory for Each Month of a Given Year, Y. 43 3-3. Hydrocarbon Forms Available from NMIM (MOBILE6 User Guide) 44 3-4. List of Pollutants for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM 45 3-5a. The 12 Vehicle Classes That Correspond to SCCs 47 3-5b. The 28 MOBILE6 Vehicle Classes and the 12 Vehicle Classes Corresponding to SCCs That Are Output by NMIM 47 3-6. 12 Roadway Types 48 3-7. NONROAD Model Equipment Segments 48 3-8. Tables in the NMIM County Database (NCD) 49 3-9. Allocation of VMT from HPMS Vehicle Categories to MOBILE6 Vehicle Types for 2002 59 3-10. NMIM Default VMT Seasonal and Monthly Temporal Allocation Factors 60 3-11. Survey Cities and 2000 Diesel Sulfur Values 64 3-12. City Mapping and Weights for Diesel Sulfur 64 3-13. Nonroad Diesel Sulfur Levels by Category and by State 66 3-14. Nonroad Specific Parameters Provided by State 70 3-15. Updates to the SCCToxics Factors Evaporative Emissions (All SCCs) 81 4-1. Summary of Onroad S/L/T Emission Submittals and Data Allocation Procedures 84 4-2. SCCs Included in Onroad Inventory 90 5-1. Summary of NONROAD Model S/L Submittals and Data Augmentation Procedures. ... 92 6-1. Stage II HAP Speciation Profiles Applied to VOC Emissions 97 A-l. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2002 A-2 A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies A-7 A-3. 25 Year Trend of Vehicle Registrations And New Sales in Puerto Rico A-16 A-4. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies A-17 A-5. Average Speeds by Road Type and Vehicle Type A-21 A-6. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies A-22 A-7. Trip Length Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies A-29 A-8. Vehicle Miles Traveled by Hour of the Day Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal (S/L/T) Agencies A-30 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile VI National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAMA Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers of America ALVW adjusted loaded vehicle weight ASOS Automated Surface Observing System AWOS Automated Weather Observing System ATV all-terrain vehicle BSFC brake-specific fuel consumption CAP criteria air pollutant CASRN Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers CENRAP Central Regional Air Planning Association CERR Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule CNG compressed natural gas CO carbon monoxide EC elemental carbon EIG Emission Inventory Group EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ERG Eastern Research Group, Inc ETBE ethyl tertiary butyl ether ETOH ethanol FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FID flame ionization detection FIPS Federal Information Processing System GSE ground support equipment GUI graphical user interface GVWR gross vehicle weight rating HAPs hazardous air pollutants HC hydrocarbons HDDV heavy duty diesel vehicle HDGV heavy duty gasoline vehicle HHDDV heavy heavy-duty vehicle HPMS Highway Performance Monitoring System I/M inspection and maintenance LDDT light duty diesel truck LDGT light duty gasoline truck LDDV light duty diesel vehicle LDGV light duty gasoline vehicle LDV light duty vehicle LEV low emission vehicle LHDDV light heavy-duty diesel vehicle LPG liquefied petroleum gas LVW loaded vehicle weight MC motorcycle MHDDV medium heavy-duty diesel vehicle mph miles per hour MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether NAPAP National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program vii Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 NCD NCDC NEI NGV nh3 NIF NMHC NMIM NMOG NOx NWS oc OTAQ PAH Pechan PM PM10 PM2.5 psi QA REMSAD RFG RVP SCC SEMCOG S/L/T so2 so4 SOA TAME THC TOG U.S. VOC VMT WO NMIM County Database National Climatic Data Center National Emissions Inventory natural gas vehicle ammonia NEI Input Format nonmethane hydrocarbons National Mobile Inventory Model nonmethane organic gases oxides of nitrogen National Weather Service organic carbon Office of Transportation and Air Quality polyaromatic hydrocarbons E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. particulate matter particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers pounds per square inch quality assurance Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition reformulated gasoline Reid vapor pressure source classification code South Eastern Michigan Council of Governments State, local, and tribal sulfur dioxide sulfate secondary organic aerosol tertiary amyl methyl ether total hydrocarbons total organic gases United States volatile organic compounds vehicle miles traveled winter oxygenate Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile Vlll National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 1.0 INTRODUCTION The National Emissions Inventory (NEI) is a comprehensive inventory covering criteria pollutants and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for the 50 United States (U.S.), Washington DC, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. The NEI was created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Emission Inventory Group (EIG) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The NEI will be used to support air quality modeling, rule development, international reporting, air quality trends analysis, and other activities. To this end, the EPA established a goal to compile comprehensive emissions data in the NEI for criteria and HAPs for nonroad mobile, onroad mobile, point, and nonpoint sources. 1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT? This report summarizes the procedures EPA used to estimate annual emissions for the onroad mobile sector and a portion of the nonroad sector of EPA's 2002 final NEI, also referred to as the 2002 NEI Version 3. Relevant activities for preparing the mobile sector 2002 draft final NEI (i.e., 2002 NEI Version 2) are also summarized. For complete documentation of the 2002 draft mobile NEI, see "Documentation for the Draft 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory," (EPA, 2005a). A preliminary 2002 NEI, which preceded the draft 2002 NEI, is also briefly discussed. The nonroad sector is comprised of nonroad engines in EPA's NONROAD model, as well as other engines not modeled in NONROAD, including aircraft, commercial marine vessels, and locomotives. This report only addresses those categories included in EPA's NONROAD model. Methodologies for other nonroad categories are documented in a separate report entitled, "Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessel, and Locomotive, and Other Nonroad Components of the National Emissions Inventory" (ERG, 2005). A summary of national annual onroad mobile and NONROAD model criteria pollutant emissions as calculated for the final 2002 mobile NEI is provided in Table 1-1. Table 1-1. Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 Pollutant Onroad Emissions, tpy NONROAD Emissions, tpy voc 4,917,692 2,838,912 NOx 7,870,197 2,197,879 CO 60,597,280 21,788,376 PM10 202,907 230,577 PM25 147,620 219,219 S02 245,274 189,347 NH3 294,016 1,884 1 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 1.2 WHAT CATEGORIES ARE COVERED IN THIS REPORT? The "on-road vehicles" category includes motorized vehicles that are normally operated on public roadways. This includes passenger cars, motorcycles, minivans, sport-utility vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty trucks, and buses. NONROAD model categories include recreational marine and land-based vehicles, farm and construction machinery, industrial, commercial, logging, and lawn and garden equipment. Aircraft ground support equipment (GSE) and rail maintenance equipment are also included in NONROAD. These equipment are powered by compression-ignition engines, which are typically diesel-fueled, as well as spark-ignition or gasoline-fueled engines. Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engines may also power certain types of nonroad equipment. 1.3 HOW IS THIS REPORT ORGANIZED? Chapter 2 provides an overview of the procedures used to develop the 2002 nonroad and onroad mobile emission estimates, as well as a summary of methodologies used for developing historic year mobile emission estimates. Chapter 3 presents a discussion of EPA's National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM), as well as a description of the inputs used in the NMIM County Database (NCD). Chapters 4 and 5 describe how NMIM results and State, local, and tribal emissions data were used to develop the onroad mobile, and NONROAD model emissions inventory, respectively. Finally, Chapter 6 describes the procedures used to estimate mobile source refueling (i.e., Stage II) emission estimates. The report also contains three appendices. Appendix A contains a detailed listing of the local inputs used for the NCD as referenced in Chapter 3. Appendix B provides a listing of the onroad mobile emissions data received and the corrections and additions EPA made to the S/L/T data submissions. Appendix C provides a comparable listing for NONROAD model emissions data. 2 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 2.0 SUMMARY OF 2002 NONROAD AND ONROAD MOBILE METHODOLOGIES This section provides an overview of the methods used to develop the preliminary 2002 NEI, draft 2002 NEI, and the 2002 NEI Versions 2 and 3. Though the focus of this documentation is on describing the methodologies and data used for 2002, section 2.1 of this document provides an overview of methodologies used for developing historic year mobile emission estimates, including onroad and all nonroad mobile categories. 2.1 WHAT ARE THE GENERAL METHODOLOGIES EPA USED TO DEVELOP PREVIOUS MOBILE NEIS? Criteria air pollutant (CAP) emission estimates for mobile sources have been developed for the years 1970, 1975, and 1978 through 2002. HAP emission estimates for mobile sources have been prepared for the years 1990, 1996, 1999, and 2002. Table 2-la provides a summary of the methods used for preparing current base year (2002) and historic year HAP and CAP onroad mobile emission estimates. Table 2-lb lists the methods used to prepare various subsectors of the nonroad mobile sector inventory, for 2002 and previous inventory years. 2.2 HOW HAVE EMISSION ESTIMATES CHANGED FROM THE 2002 PRELIMINARY NEI? This section provides an overview of the basis of the 2002 preliminary mobile NEI and the 2002 draft NEI. The basis for some of the differences is also highlighted. 2.2.1 Basis for 2002 Preliminary Mobile NEI EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) has developed a model known as the NMIM. NMIM includes a county-level database with parameters specific to each county. The data in this county-level database are used to develop MOBILE6.2 and NONROAD model input files within NMIM. NMIM is described in more detail in Section 3.1 of this document. EPA's NMIM was used to generate the preliminary nonroad estimates for the 2002 NEI, but not to generate the onroad estimates. Documentation of the procedures for the 2002 preliminary NONROAD model NEI is available in a December 2003 report (EPA, 2003a). The preliminary onroad estimates were developed by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. (Pechan), but using many of the same data and methods being used in NMIM (EPA, 2004a). Both the preliminary and the draft NEI were based on version MOBILE6.2.03 of the MOBILE6 emission factor model to generate emission rates and for any default values used. 3 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-1 a. Methods Used to Develop Emission Estimates for Onroad Vehicle Sources (Years addressed in this report are noted in bold print) Base Year(s) Pollutant(s) Geographic Area Emission Estimation Method 1970, 1975 1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 2000 1979- 1986 1988- 1989 1991- 1995 1990, 1996 1997- 1998 1999 All Criteria All Criteria All Criteria All Criteria All Criteria HAPs All Criteria All Criteria 1999 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 1999 NH, 1999 PM10 Exhaust 1999 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10 brake and tire wear, PM2.5, nh3 1999 All Criteria 1999 All Criteria 1999 HAPs 1999 HAPs 2001 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, US US US US US US US AL; ME; MA; MS; UT; VA; WV; Maricopa County, AZ; Hamilton County, TN California California Colorado Colorado Oregon Rest of US, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands California Rest of US, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands California Linear extrapolation at national vehicle type level based on 1978 and 1987 national data Calculated at State/county/source classification code (SCC) level by month using MOBILE6, no State data incorporated Linear interpolation at State/count/SCC level based on 1978 and 1987 State/count/SCC level data Linear interpolation at State/count/SCC level based on 1987 and 1990 State/count/SCC level data Linear interpolation at State/count/SCC level based on 1990 and 1996 State/count/SCC level data MOBILE6 emission factors calculated at State/county/SCC level by season; applied to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-based vehicle miles traveled (VMT) 2-step linear interpolation at State/count/SCC level based on 1996 and 1999 State/count/SCC level data Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month using MOBILE6; State-provided VMT data used Emissions and VMT provided by California at county/vehicle type level; State-provided emissions expanded to county/SCC level by EPA Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month using MOBILE6 emission factors with State-provided VMT data PM10 emissions and VMT provided by State Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month using MOBILE6; State-provided VMT data used Emissions and VMT provided by Oregon at county/vehicle type level; State-provided emissions expanded to county/SCC level by EPA Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month using MOBILE6 and FHWA-based VMT HAP emissions and VMT provided by California at county/vehicle type level; emissions allocated to SCC level by EPA MOBILE6 emission factors calculated at State/county/SCC level by season; applied to FHWA- based VMT Emissions and VMT provided by California at county/vehicle type level; State-provided emissions 4 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-1a (continued) Base Year(s) Pollutant(s) Geographic Area Emission Estimation Method PM2.5 expanded to county/SCC level by EPA 2001 nh3 California Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month using MOBILE6 emission factors with State-provided VMT data 2001 All Criteria AL; CO; ME; MA; MS; OR; UT; VA; WV; Maricopa County, AZ; Hamilton County, TN State-provided VMT grown to 2001; emissions calculated by EPA using MOBILE6 emission factors 2001 All Criteria Rest of US Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month using MOBILE6 and FHWA-based VMT 2002 All Criteria, US, Puerto Rico, Emission estimates for all pollutants were HAPs Virgin Islands developed using EPA's National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM), which uses MOBILE6 to calculate onroad emission factors. Where States provided alternate onroad MOBILE6 inputs or VMT, these data replaced EPA default inputs. California- supplied emissions data which replaced default EPA emission estimates for this state. Default VMT is based on FHWA 2002 data and population data from 2000 Census. 5 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-1 b. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for Nonroad Mobile Sources (Categories/years addressed in this report are noted in bold print) Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* NONROAD Categories Nonroad Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, CNG 2002 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5, NH3, & HAPs Emission estimates for NONROAD model engines were developed using EPA's National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM), which incorporates NONROAD2005. Where States provided alternate nonroad inputs, these data replaced EPA default inputs. California- supplied emissions data also replaced EPA emission estimates for this State. 1999 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Using emission estimates from two emission inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level inventory, developed using EPA's October 2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) an updated 1999 national inventory, based on EPA's draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May 2002). Using the 1996 county-level emission estimates, seasonal and daily county-to-national ratios were then developed for application to updated national estimates per season estimated from the Lockdown C model. Replaced State-submitted data for California for all NONROAD model categories; Pennsylvania for recreational marine and aircraft ground support equipment, and Texas for select equipment categories. 1996, 1997, 1998,2000 & 2001 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Using emission estimates from two emission inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level inventory, developed using EPA's October 2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated year- specific national and California inventories, based on EPA's draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May 2002). Using the 1996 county-level emission estimates, seasonal and daily county-to- national ratios and California county-to-State ratios were then developed for application to updated national estimates per season estimated from the Lockdown C model. California results replace the diesel equipment emissions generated from prior application of county-to-national ratios. 1991-1995 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5, NH3 Using 1990 and 1996 county-level emissions inventories, estimated emissions using linear interpolation of national emissions between 1990 and 1996. From these emissions, calculated the average annual growth rate for each pollutant/SCC combination for each year, and then applied the growth factors to 1990 county-level emissions to estimate 1991-1995 emissions. 6 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-1b (continued) Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* Nonroad Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, and CNG (Continued) 1990 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Using emission estimates from two emission inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level inventory, developed using EPA's October 2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated 1990 national inventory, based on EPA's draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May 2002). Using the 1996 county-level emission estimates, seasonal and daily county-to-national ratios were then developed for application to updated national estimates per season estimated from the Lockdown C model. 1986, 1988, & 1989 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5, NH3 Using 1985 and 1990 county-level emissions inventories, estimated emissions using linear interpolation of national emissions between 1985 and 1990. From these emissions, calculated the average annual growth rate for each pollutant/SCC combination for each year, and then applied the growth factors to 1985 county-level emissions to estimate 1986-1989 emissions. 1987 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Using EPA's draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May 2002), developed updated national emissions for 1987 by running 4 seasonal NONROAD model runs to estimate annual criteria pollutant emissions. Also performed national NONROAD model runs to estimate typical summer weekday emissions. 1985 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Using emission estimates from two emission inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level inventory, developed using EPA's October 2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated 1985 national inventory, based on EPA's draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May 2002). Using the 1996 county-level emission estimates, seasonal and daily county-to-national ratios were then developed for application to updated national estimates per season estimated from the Lockdown C model. 1970, 1975, 1978,& 1980 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Using EPA's draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May 2002), developed updated national emissions for all years by running 4 seasonal NONROAD model runs to estimate annual criteria pollutant emissions. Also performed national NONROAD model runs to estimate typical summer weekday emissions. 7 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-1b (continued) Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* Nonroad Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, and CNG (Continued) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,& 2001 nh3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates from the Lockdown C NONROAD model, multiplying by NH3 emission factors, and distributing to counties using 1996 inventory, based on October 2001 draft NONROAD. NH3 emissions for California were also recalculated using updated diesel fuel consumption values generated for California-specific runs, and assuming the 1996 county-level distribution. 1985 & 1990 nh3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates from the Lockdown C NONROAD model, multiplying by NH3 emission factors, and distributing to counties using 1996 inventory, based on October 2001 draft NONROAD. 1987 NH3 Obtaining 1987 national fuel consumption estimates from Lockdown C NONROAD model and multiplying by NH3 emission factors. 1970, 1975, 1978,& 1980 nh3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates from the Lockdown C NONROAD model and multiplying by NH3 emission factors. 1990, 1996, & 1999 HAPs Speciation profiles applied to county VOC and PM estimates. Metal HAPs were calculated using fuel and activity-based emission factors. Some State data were provided and replaced national estimates. (2003) Aircraft Commercial Aircraft 2002 Criteria and HAPs Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Emissions and Dispersion and Modeling System (EDMS) was run for criteria pollutants, VOC and PM emissions were speciated into HAP components. (2004) 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001 VOC, NO,, CO, SOx Input landing and take-off (LTO) data into FAA EDMS. National emissions were assigned to airports based on airport specific LTO data and BTS GIS data. State data replaced national estimates. (2003) 1970-1998 VOC, NO„, CO, SOx Estimated emissions for interim years using linear interpolation between available base years. (2003) 1990, 1996, 1999 HAPs Speciation profiles were applied to VOC estimates to get national HAP estimates. State data replaced national estimates. (2003) 8 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-1b (continued) Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* General Aviation, Air Taxis 1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001,& 2002 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved emission factors for criteria estimates. Speciation profiles were applied to VOC estimates to get national HAP estimates. State data replaced national estimates. (2004) 1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, PM2.5 Estimated emissions for interim years using linear interpolation between available base years. (2003) 1990, 1996, 1999,& 2002 HAPs Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved emission factors for criteria estimates. Speciation profiles were applied to VOC estimates to develop national HAP estimates. (2004) 1990, 1996, 1999,& 2002 Pb Used Department of Energy (DOE) aviation gasoline usage data with lead concentration of aviation gasoline. (2004) 1996 nh3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to 1996 national jet fuel and aviation gasoline consumption estimates. Military Aircraft 1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001,& 2002 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved emission factors for criteria estimates. Representative HAP profiles were not readily available, therefore HAP estimates were not developed. State data replaced national estimates. (2004) 1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, PM2.5 Estimated emissions for interim years using linear interpolation between available base years. (2003) Auxiliary Power Units 1985-2001 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Grew 1996 emissions to each year using LTO operations data from the FAA. Estimation methods prior to 1996 reported in EPA, 1998. Unpaved Airstrips1 1985-2001 PM10, PM2.5 Grew 1996 emissions to each year using SIC 45-Air Transportation growth factors, consistent with the current draft version of EGAS. Estimation methods prior to 1996 reported in EPA, 1998. Aircraft Refueling1 1985-2001 VOC Grew 1996 emissions to each year using SIC 45-Air Transportation growth factors, consistent with the current draft version of EGAS. Estimation methods prior to 1996 reported in EPA, 1998. Commercial Marine Vessel (CMV) All CMV Categories 2002 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 2001 Estimates carried over. Used State data when provided. (2004) HAPs 1999 Estimates carried over. Used State data when provided. (2004) 9 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-1b (continued) Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* CMV Diesel 1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000, & 2001 VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, & PM2.5, Used criteria emission estimates in the background document for marine diesel regulations for 2000. Adjusted 2000 criteria emission estimates for other used based on fuel usage. Emissions were disaggregated into port traffic and underway activities. Port emissions were assigned to specific ports based on amount of cargo handled. Underway emissions were allocated based on Army Corp of Engineering waterway data. State data replaced national estimates. (2003) 1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, PM2.5 Estimated emissions for interim years using linear interpolation between available base years. (2003) 1990, 1996, 1999 HAPs VOC and PM emission estimates were speciated into HAP components. State data replaced national estimates. (2003) 1996 nh3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to 1996 distillate and residual fuel oil estimates (i.e., as reported in EIA, 1996). 1990-1995 nh3 Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. CMV Steam Powered 1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000, & 2001 VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, & PM2.5 Calculated criteria emissions based on EPA SIP guidance. Emissions were disaggregated into port traffic and under way activities. Port emissions were assigned to specific ports based on amount of cargo handled. Underway emissions were allocated based on Army Corp of Engineering waterway data. State data replaced national estimates. (2003) 1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, PM2.5 Estimated emissions for interim years using linear interpolation between available base years. (2003) 1990, 1996, & 1999 HAPs VOC and PM emission estimates were speciated into HAP components. State data replaced national estimates. (2003) Military Marine 1997-2001 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Applied EGAS growth factors to 1996 emissions estimates for this category. CMV Coal,2 CMV, Steam powered, CMV Gasoline2 1997-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Applied EGAS growth factors to 1996 emissions estimates for this category. CM Coal, CMV, Steam powered, CMV Gasoline, Military Marine 1991-1995 VOC, NOx, CO, S02, PM10, PM2.5 Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. 10 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-1b (continued) Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* Locomotives Class 1, Class II, Commuter, Passenger, and Ya rd Locomotives 1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2000,& 2002 VOC, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5 Criteria pollutants were estimated by using locomotive fuel use data from DOE EIA and available emission factors. County-level estimates were obtained by scaling the national estimates with the rail GIS data from DOT. State data replaced national estimates. (2004) 1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001,& 2002 S02 SOx emissions were calculated by using locomotive fuel use and fuel sulfur concentration data from EIA. County-level estimates were obtained by scaling the national estimates with the county level rail activity data from DOT. State data replaced national estimates. (2004) 1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, PM2.5 Estimated emissions for interim years using linear interpolation between available base years. (2003) 1990, 1996, 1999,& 2002 HAPs HAP emissions were calculated by applying speciation profiles to VOC and PM estimates. County-level estimates were obtained by scaling the national estimates with the county level rail activity from DOT. State data replaced national estimates. (2004) 1997-1998 nh3 Grew 1996 base year emissions using EGAS growth indicators. 1996 nh3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to diesel consumption estimates for 1996. 1990-1995 nh3 Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. Notes: * Dates included at the end of Estimation Method represent the year that the section was revised. 1. Emission estimates for unpaved airstrips and aircraft refueling are included in the area source NEI, since they represent non-engine emissions. 2. National Emission estimates for CMV Coal and CMV Gasoline were not developed though States and local agencies may have submitted estimates for these source categories. EPA, 1998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factors and Inventory Group, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends, Procedures Document, 1900-1996, EPA- 454/R-98-008. May 1998. 11 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 2.2.2 Basis for 2002 Draft Mobile NEI In developing the 2002 draft mobile NEI, EPA provided State, local, and tribal (S/L/T) agencies the opportunity to review and provide comment on the preliminary NEI. EPA prepared instructions for S/L/T agencies to explain the preferred methods for submitting either NMIM inputs and/or emissions data (EPA, 2004b). Air agencies were required to submit these data to EPA by June 1, 2004, according to the Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) requirements. Once submitted, these data were logged, reviewed, and quality-assured by EPA. Table 2-2 provides a summary of the data submitted by S/L/T agencies for the CERR. As a first step, all emission estimates for the draft 2002 onroad and NONROAD model (hereafter referred to as simply "nonroad") NEI were made using NMIM and the updated NCD. The NMIM county-level database for 2002 was updated with local data submitted by State and local agencies and EPA's most current default 2002 data where local data were not provided. As seen in Table 2-2, many States provided emissions estimates to EPA directly as part of the June 2004 CERR requirements, and these emission estimates replaced the default EPA estimates. Some updates were also made by EPA to NMIM between the preliminary and draft version of the NEI. The 2002 preliminary nonroad inventory was based on an assumption that the diesel fuel used by all nonroad sources in a county would be the same in terms of sulfur content. The version of NMIM used for the draft NEI reflects a difference in the sulfur content of diesel fuel used by recreational marine engines compared to the sulfur content of diesel fuel used by other nonroad engines in the county. There was also a change in the method used to assign the MOBILE6 evaluation year and month. The preliminary inventory used January for all months from January through June and July for the months July through December. The version of NMIM used for the draft NEI uses January for January through March, July for April through September and January of the following calendar year (2003) for the months October through December. Also, the draft NEI used county specific hourly average temperature values and the preliminary NEI used State average minimum and maximum values. A more detailed listing by parameter of S/L/T inputs used in the updated NCD for the draft 2002 NEI is presented in Section 3.2 of this document. 12 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-2. Summary of Onroad and Nonroad 2002 CERR Data Submissions MOBILE6 State Data Provided NCD Input Onroad NIF NONROAD Model NONROAD/NMIM ID State Name For Files Files Emission Files NIF Emission Files external files 01 AL Alabama All Counties V7 v7 02 AK Alaska 04 AZ Arizona Maricopa County •J •J Pima County V7 •J Rest of State 05 AR Arkansas All Counties •J •J 06 CA California All Counties •J •J La Posta Tribe •J 08 CO Colorado All Counties v7 •J •J v7 09 CT Connecticut 10 DE Delaware All Counties •J •J •J •J 11 DC District of Columbia •J V7 12 FL Florida Pinnelas County •J Broward County •J Rest of State 13 GA Georgia All Counties •J •J 15 HI Hawaii 16 ID Idaho All Counties •J •J •J 17 IL Illinois All Counties •J •J •J •J (opt files only) 18 IN Indiana v7 19 IA Iowa All Counties •J Onroad NIF only for ammonia •J Only for ammonia 20 KS Kansas All Counties •J Only for ammonia 21 KY Kentucky Jefferson County •J v7 •J Rest of State 22 LA Louisiana All Counties •J Only for ammonia 23 ME Maine All Counties v7 •J 24 MD Maryland All Counties V7 V7 •J (seasonal only) 25 MA Massachusetts All Counties •J V7 26 Ml Michigan All Counties •J v7 v7 SEMCOG •J •J •J 27 MN Minnesota All Counties •J Onroad NIF only for ammonia v7 Only for ammonia 28 MS Mississippi All Counties •J •J 29 MO Missouri All Counties •J v7 Only for ammonia 30 MT Montana 31 NE Nebraska Lancaster County •J v7 Rest of State 32 NV Nevada 15 of 17 Counties •J v7 Clark County •J v7 Washoe County 33 NH New Hampshire All Counties •J 34 NJ New Jersey All Counties •J •J v7 35 NM New Mexico 36 N Y New York All Counties •J •J v7 37 NC North Carolina All Counties •J v7 38 ND North Dakota 39 OH Ohio All Counties •J v7 40 OK Oklahoma 41 OR Oregon All Counties •J •J 42 PA Pennsylvania All Counties •J v7 72 PR Puerto Rico 44 Rl Rhode Island •J v7 45 SC South Carolina 46 SD South Dakota 13 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-2 (continued) MOBILE6 State Data Provided NCD Input Onroad NIF NONROAD Model NONROAD/NMIM ID State Name For Files Files Emission Files NIF Emission Files external files 47 TN Tennessee 91 of 95 Counties v7 v7 •J (opt files only) Davidson County V7 v7 V7 •J (opt files only) Hamilton County •J Knox County •J •J Shelby County •J 48 TX Texas All Counties •J •J •J 49 UT Utah All Counties •J •J •J •J 50 VT Vermont All Counties •J •J 78 VI Virqin Islands 51 VA Virginia All Counties •J •J (seasonal only) 53 WA Washinqton All Counties •J •J •J (except 4 counties) •J 54 WV West Virginia All Counties •J v7 55 Wl Wisconsin All Counties •J •J 56 WY Wyoming 2.2.3 Onroad Mobile Pollutant Emission Comparisons For the onroad sources, the primary differences between the preliminary 2002 NEI estimates and the draft 2002 NEI estimates stem from changes in the default vehicle miles traveled (VMT), county-specific temperature and humidity information used in NMIM, S/L/T-provided emission estimates or MOBILE6 and NMIM inputs, and sulfur inputs. Table 2-4 summarizes the differences in criteria pollutant emissions and VMT between these two versions of the NEI for the entire United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. At the national level, the changes are relatively small, with oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (S02) showing the greatest differences. When viewed at the State level, however, the changes between the two versions become much more significant. Annual VMT The annual VMT used in the preliminary version of the NEI was based on growing the 2001 VMT estimates to 2002, based on preliminary national 2002 VMT estimates made by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The default VMT values used in the draft version of the NEI include both actual 2002 FHWA data at the State and roadway type level and the State/urban area/roadway type level and a change to the underlying population data that is used to allocate the VMT by county and road type from the 1990 Census to the 2000 Census. In addition, the draft 2002 NEI includes VMT values provided by S/L/T agencies. The resulting change in VMT for the entire inventory is only a 0.7 percent increase from the preliminary to the draft 2002 NEI. However, at the State level, the VMT changes range from a 22 percent decrease from the preliminary to the draft version in Nevada to an increase in VMT of 13 percent in Florida. 14 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Total Annual Emissions The onroad emission estimates in both the preliminary and draft versions of the NEI are based on running the MOBILE6 model to generate emission factors in grams per mile and then determining total annual tons using annual VMT. Although both inventories used the same emission factor model, any changes in the methodology, the input values to MOBILE6, and the VMT estimates will affect the inventory results. The NMIM tool was designed to replicate the methodology used in the 1999 NEI onroad emission inventory calculations, which was also used for the 2002 preliminary NEI estimates. However, in the draft version of the NEI, there have been changes in many of the MOBILE6 input values. Some of these changes were submitted by individual S/L/T agencies. These include inputs such as vehicle distributions by age, speeds, and distribution of VMT by vehicle type. Changes in any of these inputs can cause significant changes in the resulting emission values. In addition, some changes were made by EPA to update the default values. This includes a change from state-level monthly minimum and maximum average daily temperatures to county-level monthly average hourly temperatures and updates to fuel parameters, including diesel sulfur contents. As shown in Table 2-3, the S02 emission estimates decreased by about 6 percent from the preliminary to draft versions of the NEI. Emissions of S02 are assumed to be directly proportional to the content of sulfur in the fuel. In the preliminary version of the NEI, a sulfur content of 500 parts per million (ppm) had been modeled nationwide. The draft version incorporated diesel sulfur content survey data from 2000, showing diesel sulfur contents generally in the range of 300 to 400 ppm. This change caused a direct reduction in the S02 emission values. Changes in fuel properties have also directly impacted the methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) emission estimates, resulting in lower MTBE emission estimates in the draft version of the NEI. The relatively large increase in the NOx emissions of 10.9 percent is caused, in part, by the introduction of county-by-county humidity values to the calculations. Humidity has a large affect on the NOx output from the MOBILE6 model. The preliminary NEI results used a constant default humidity value for all counties in all seasons. Differences among all pollutants and VMT are also caused by the use of S/L/T provided emissions data. In cases where the supporting MOBILE6 inputs were not supplied, it is not possible to determine the specific reasons for the differences. However, the methodology and the source of data inputs used in the calculation of onroad emissions inventories generally differs for each individual State. 15 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-3. Comparison of 2002 Onroad Mobile Draft and Preliminary NEI Preliminary Draft 2002 NEI, 2002 NEI, Percent tpy tpy Difference VOC 4,543,183 4,661,574 2.6 NOX 7,365,121 8,167,031 10.9 CO 62,160,738 62,731,794 0.9 PM 10-PRI 203,518 204,097 0.3 PM25-PRI 148,502 149,265 0.5 S02 275,487 258,942 -6.0 NH3 286,803 288,644 0.6 VMT (million miles) 2,821,912 2,841,676 0.7 2.2.4 NONROAD Model Pollutant Emission Comparisons Table 2-4 summarizes the differences in NONROAD model criteria pollutant emissions between the preliminary and draft versions of the 2002 NEI for the entire US, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. At the national level, the changes are relatively small, with the exception of ammonia (NH3). When viewed at the State level, however, the changes in pollutant emissions between the two versions become much more apparent. For nonroad, differences between the preliminary and draft NEI are due in part to changes in the NONROAD model, and category-level emissions differences are consistent with the changes in the model for certain equipment categories. Diesel recreational marine populations and horsepower increased significantly, explaining large increases in particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the HAPs (which are calculated as ratios to PM and VOC) for those source category codes (SCCs). Gasoline recreational equipment PM increased due to increased emission factors for all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and motorcycles. Decrease in S02 and NH3 are explained by large decreases in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for the same two recreational equipment categories. As shown in Table 2-4 though, some of these changes are reversed by the incorporation of State- supplied emissions data to the draft NEI. Overall, VOC, PM10-PRI, and PM25-PRI showed relatively small decreases. It should be noted that the addition of emissions for PM10-FIL and PM25-FIL (from California) to PM-PRI totals would make these totals more comparable. Carbon monoxide (CO) and S02 showed decreases of approximately 10 percent. Though NOx emissions increased a small percentage (4 percent), NH3 showed a significant increase. Again, more meaningful comparisons would need to be conducted on a State-by-State basis. 16 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-4. Comparison of 2002 NONROAD Model Draft and Preliminary NEI Preliminary 2002 NEI, tpy Draft 2002 NEI, tpy Percent Difference voc 2,600,466 2,513,340 -3.4 NOX 2,105,334 2,194,924 4.3 CO 23,971,684 21,580,651 -10.0 PM10-PRI 242,314 228,695 -5.6 PM25-PRI 223,039 211,625 -5.1 PM10-FIL NA 18,634 NA PM25-FIL NA 16,374 NA S02 205,853 183,733 -10.7 NH3 3,163 14,198 348.9 2.3 HOW HAVE 2002 VERSION 2 EMISSION ESTIMATES CHANGED FROM THE 2002 DRAFT NEI? This section provides an overview of the differences in the 2002 mobile NEI Version 2 compared to the 2002 draft NEI. In developing Version 2 of the NEI, EPA provided State, local, and tribal (S/L/T) agencies the opportunity to review and provide comment on the draft NEI posted in February 2005. Tables 2-5 and 2-6 summarizes the differences in national (including Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands) mobile source criteria pollutant emissions between the Version 2 and draft versions of the 2002 NEI for the onroad mobile and NONROAD model sector, respectively. Differences result from the incorporation of new State data or NMIM inputs for the Version 2 NEI. However, some of the differences are due to changes in the default EPA NMIM emission estimates, as described in the sections below. Generally, the overall differences are minimal, with the differences in nonroad S02 and NH3 being relatively greater. Table 2-5. Comparison of 2002 Onroad Mobile Version 2 and Draft NEI Draft 2002 NEI, tpy Version 2 2002 NEI, tpy Percent Difference VOC 4,661,574 4,660,584 0.0 NOX 8,167,031 8,133,574 -0.4 CO 62,731,794 62,957,988 0.4 PM10-PRI 204,097 203,258 -0.4 PM25-PRI 149,265 148,433 -0.6 S02 258,942 257,520 -0.5 NH3 288,644 289,567 0.3 17 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-6. Comparison of 2002 NONROAD Model Version 2 and Draft NEI Preliminary Version 2 Percent 2002 NEI 2002 NEI Difference voc 2,513,340 2,492,244 -0.8 NOX 2,194,924 2,202,898 0.4 CO 21,580,651 21,520,638 -0.3 PM10-PRI 228,695 230,423 0.8 PM25-PRI 211,625 213,161 0.7 PM10-FIL 18,634 18,634 NA PM25-FIL 16,374 16,374 NA S02 183,733 196,410 6.9 NH3 14,198 13,263 -6.6 2.3.1 Ammonia Calculations for Nonroad Engines The emission factors used to calculate ammonia inventories from nonroad equipment in NMIM were updated from 153 to 116 mg/gallon for gasoline and from 166 to 83 mg/gal for diesel engines based on an EPA internal memo dated April 8, 2004, which summarizes our current knowledge of NH3 emission factors. The updated factors are consistent with those used in MOBILE6.2 for onroad sources (EPA, 2004f). 2.3.2 Temperature and Humidity Data New temperature and relative humidity values have been calculated for use in determining the EPA default emission inventories for the 2002 NEI Version 2. The original humidity values were improperly calculated, so that, in some cases, relative humidity values could exceed 100%. Some of the averaged temperature values have also changed. The new temperature values include some new temperature and humidity measurements as a result of updates in the source data from the National Weather Service (NWS) and its Cooperative Observation branches (over 6000 sites) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as of June 2005. The method for calculating average temperature and humidity values was not changed. There are temperature and relative humidity changes in every state. Since temperature and humidity values are calculated using interpolation, changes in individual weather stations may affect many neighboring areas, even across state lines. However, only 2.3% of all temperature values had changes of more than one degree Fahrenheit. The average relative humidity change in any state is less than 2%. 2.3.3 Fuel Properties Changes were made to some of the fuel IDs in some of the counties in the following states: • Colorado (FIPSStateID=8) • Delaware (10) • Maryland (24) 18 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 • Michigan (26) • Virginia (51) • Washington (53) These changes had been submitted for the draft version of the 2002 NEI, but had not been reviewed in time to be used for the draft inventory estimates. These changes have now been included in the Version 2 2002 NEI emission inventory estimates from NMIM. Below is a brief description of the types of changes in the fuel specifications provided by states for the 2002 NEI. Colorado (8) The highway and nonroad gasolines in Boulder County were all switched to the same gasolines used in Adams, Arapahoe, Denver, Douglas and Jefferson Counties (FIPS 1, 5, 31, 35 and 59). The new county, Broomfield, is assumed to have all the same fuel properties as Boulder County and was also changed. Delaware (10) The gasolines used in October were set to be the same as the gasolines used in November in all three counties. Maryland (24) The highway diesel sulfur values were changed in all counties with values provided by Maryland. All new values are between 300 and 500 ppm. These values were obtained by Maryland from monthly retail fuel data from the State comptroller office fuel laboratory. Michigan (26) Livingston and Washtenaw County highway and nonroad gasolines were switched to the same gasolines used in Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair and Wayne County (FIPS 87, 99, 115, 125, 147 and 163). These changes were provided by the South Eastern Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG). Virginia (51) In the default, Charles City was using the same gasoline as Chesterfield, Hanover, Henrico, Colonial Heights City, Hopewell City and Richmond Counties (41, 85, 87, 570, 670 and 760). Charles City now uses the gasoline used in the rest of the state instead. Washington (53) All diesel fuel assignments for all counties were updated to be consistent with Western Regional Air Partnership Section 309 modeling inventories and EPA's draft regulatory impact analysis document for nonroad diesel engines. 19 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 All nonroad diesel sulfur values were increased from 2457 to 3400 ppm, except for Kitsap (53035) and Pierce (53053) Counties. These counties were left at 2457 ppm. This was done at the direction of the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency (agency having jurisdiction in those counties). It is noted that this creates an inconsistency in the NMIM database for western Washington counties in the central Puget Sound area. All highway diesel in eastern WA was set to 310 ppm for all months of the year. In western WA, the summer months (May through September) use 260 ppm and the remaining months use 320 ppm. The default gasoline assignments for Adams County (eastern WA), and Island, King and Snohomish Counties (western WA) were reasonable, and were not changed. The gasoline assignments for the remaining counties required updating. Counties were grouped into one of three groups: • Eastern WA, • Spokane County, or • Western WA. Each is briefly discussed below. Eastern WA: All counties in eastern WA (except Spokane) were changed to have the same assignment. In eastern WA the gasoline primarily comes from sources further east, so all eastern WA counties were assigned to TRW District 9 (Northern Mountain) rather than the default of District 13 (Pacific Northwest). The Adams County gasoline (District 9) assignments were used for all remaining eastern WA counties. Spokane County: Spokane County (53063) operates an oxygenated fuel program September through February. To capture this program, the default winter gasoline assignment for Missoula County (30063), Montana, was used for September through February for Spokane County. Missoula is in District 9, like Spokane, and the record indicated the presence of oxygenated fuels at approximately the same level as Spokane. For the remaining months, the regular eastern WA (Region 9) assignment above was used for Spokane County. Western WA: The assignments made to Island, King and Snohomish Counties were identical and were assigned throughout western WA. The AAMA was the source of the data. In particular, the summer RVP of the AAMA data seemed a closer match than the default District 13 data. There are problems with accounting for some special summertime situations. In Clark County, gasoline is primarily obtained from the Portland, OR suppliers and therefore has a lower RVP (7.8 required in Portland, 9.0 in WA). In King, Pierce and Snohomish Counties, there is a voluntary agreement to supply 7.8 RVP gasoline during July and August. These are not captured in the fuel records. The state has been using these special RVP values in emissions calculations, but without changing the other fuel parameters. At this time it seems that some error cannot be avoided: the special RVPs will not be captured in NMIM, which will result in some error. The state data will have some internal fuel inconsistencies since it is using the special RVPs without changing the other parameters. WA looks forward to getting better resolution on this issue in the future. 20 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 After the highway gasoline reassignments, all nonroad gasoline assignments were set to be identical to the highway gasoline assignments for all counties in WA in all months. 2.3.4 I/M Program Changes All of the I/M program description files used to generate the EPA estimates for the 2002 NEI Version 2, both those submitted by states and those previously created for EPA were given a final review by EPA. Many changes were made in these external data files, some new I/M program files were made, and all files were made consistent with the NMIM file naming conventions. The original set of I/M description files, shown in Table 2-5, were intended to represent the I/M programs only in the 1999 calendar year for the 1999 National Emission Inventory (NEI). For the 2002 NEI, these I/M description files were adapted so that they would apply to calendar year 2002 as well. This was done using a summary of the features of current I/M programs updated annually by EPA (see Table 2-6). States were encouraged to supply EPA with MOBILE6 input file information used by the counties, including I/M description files, representative of the 2002 calendar year for use in the development of the 2002 NEI. Many states provided new I/M description files to EPA for this purpose. EPA has reviewed all of the I/M programs descriptions that were to be used for the 2002 NEI Version 2, both those generated by EPA contractors and those provided by states, to assure that the I/M program descriptions both accurately account for changes in the programs between 1999 and 2002 and can be used for projections beyond the 2002 calendar year. This review has revealed a number of errors and ambiguities. Some changes were also needed in order to allow the I/M program descriptions to be used for all calendar years. These problems and our proposed solutions are described below. Most of the errors involved switching from an existing inspection of 1996 and newer vehicles from a previous test procedure to an OBD inspection and in some cases, would not have affected the results for calendar year 2002. Most of the additional I/M description files created were necessary for calendar years before or after calendar year 2002 and would not affect the results for the 2002 NEI. The list of I/M Program file names used for the 2002 NEI Version 2 are presented in Table 2-7. Alaska (02) No additional data was provided by AK. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. Arizona (04) EPA expanded the 2002 I/M program file provided by AZ for Tucson (0401902.imp) to all calendar years. 21 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The 2002 I/M description file provided by AZ for Phoenix (0401302.imp) was changed to use a 5 year grace period (instead of a fixed model maximum of 1997 for the 2002 calendar year) for all program elements. This file was renamed (0401301.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. Another I/M program file was created to apply to the 1999 through 2000 calendar years (0401395.imp) for Phoenix using the same 5 year grace period. Colorado (08) No additional data was provided by CO. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. Connecticut (09) No additional data was provided by CT. The EPA generated I/M program file was changed to properly apply evaporative OBD to heavy duty vehicles. A single file (0900199.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. Delaware (10) The I/M program files provided by DE (1000102.imp, 1000302.imp and 1000502.imp) were changed. Files 1000102 and 1000302 were changed to assume that 1996 and newer model years were inspected for gas caps between 1995 and 2001 and inspected using Evap OBD beginning in 2002. These files were renamed (1000191.imp and 1000383.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. The Sussex County file (1000502.imp) was changed to apply the Idle test to all model year vehicles and renamed (1000591.imp). District of Columbia (11) The I/M program file provided by DC (1100102.imp) was applied to calendar years 1999 through 2002. A new file (1100103.imp) with OBD inspections was created to apply to 2003 and later calendar years. Florida (12) No additional data was provided by FL. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. Georgia (13) New I/M description files were provided by Georgia for all calendar years (1305700.imp, 1305702.imp, 1305799.imp, 1306700.imp, 1306702.imp and 1306799.imp). 22 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Idaho (16) No additional data was provided by ID. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. Illinois (17) The I/M program file provided by IL (1700002.imp) was changed so that the I/M start date for the 1968 and newer model year vehicles is 1986 (instead of 1999) to allow these vehicles to achieve their full tampering deterrence effect. This file was applied the I/M program file to all 2002 and later calendar years. A new file (1700099.imp) was constructed from the EPA generated and the state supplied files which applies to the 1999 through 2001 calendar years. The I/M program files were also applied to Monroe County (17133), which was not included in the list of I/M counties for the 1999 NEI. Indiana (18) No additional data was provided by IN. The EPA generated I/M program files (IN01 .im and IN97.im) were changed to properly apply OBD. Two new files (1808997.imp and 1806101.imp) were constructed which apply to calendar years 1999 and 2000 and the 2001 and later calendar years respectively. Kentucky (21) The I/M program file supplied by KY (2111102.imp) were applied to all 2002 and later calendar years. A new file (2111198.imp) was made to apply to 1999 through 2001 calendar years. Louisiana (22) No additional data was provided by LA. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. Maine (23) No additional data was provided by ME. The EPA generated I/M program file was changed to properly apply OBD and the new file (2300599.imp) was applied to all the 1999 and later calendar years. Maryland (24) The I/M program file supplied by MD (2400002.imp) was applied to the 1999 through 2002 calendar years. A new file (2400003.imp) was created to apply to 2003 and later calendar years, which includes OBD inspections. These files were applied only to counties 3, 5, 13, 25, 27, 31, 33, 43 and 510. 23 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Two new files (2300998.imp and 2300902.imp), with a different program start date, were created to apply to the five counties (9, 15, 17, 21 and 35) added to the MD program in 1995. Massachusetts (25) The I/M program file provided by MA (2500002.imp) was changed so that the I/M start date for the 1984 and newer model year vehicles is 1984 (instead of 2000) to allow these vehicles to achieve their full tampering deterrence effect and applied the I/M program file to calendar years 2000 through 2002. The file was renamed (2500000.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. Separate files were created for the 1999 calendar year (2500099.imp) and for the 2003 and later calendar years (2500003.imp). Minnesota (27) No additional data was provided by MN. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. Missouri (29) No additional data was provided by MO. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. Nevada (32) No additional data was provided by NV. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. New Hampshire (33) No additional data was provided by NH. The EPA generated descriptions were renamed using the NMIM naming convention. New Jersey (34) The I/M program file provided by NJ (3400102.imp) was changed so that the I/M start date for testing vehicles is 1974 (instead of 2000) to allow these vehicles to achieve their full tampering deterrence effect and applied the I/M program file to the 2000 through 2004 calendar years. The file was renamed (3400100.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. A new file (3400199.imp) was created that applies to the 1999 calendar year, before the ASM test was introduced. A new file (3400105.imp) was created to apply to 2005 and later calendar years, which includes OBD inspections. 24 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 New Mexico (35) The I/M program file supplied by NM (3500102.imp) was applied to calendar years 1999 through 2002. This file was renamed (3500189.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. A new file (3500103.imp) was constructed to apply OBD and applied to all the 2003 and later calendar years. New York (36) The I/M program file provided by NY (3600502.imp) was changed so that the I/M start date for testing vehicles is 1981 (instead of 1999) to allow these vehicles to achieve their full tampering deterrence effect and applied the I/M program file to the 1999 through 2002 calendar years. The file was renamed (3600599.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. A new file (3600503.imp) was created to apply to 2003 and later calendar years, which includes OBD inspections. A new I/M program file (3600101.imp) was created to apply to the 2001 and 2002 calendar years for upstate NY counties. Another I/M file (3600103.imp) was created to apply to the 2003 and later calendar years in upstate NY. North Carolina (37) No additional data was provided by NC. The existing I/M program file (NCOl.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and a new file (3702501.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. The existing I/M program file (NC83.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and a new file (3711983.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. The existing I/M program file (NC87.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and a new file (3718387.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. The existing I/M program file (NC92.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and a new file (3705792.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. Ohio (39) No additional data was provided by OH. The existing I/M program file (OH96c.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and two new files (3905596.imp and 3905503.imp) were constructed which apply to calendar years 1999 through 2002 and the 2003 and later calendar years respectively. The existing I/M program file (OH96cl.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and two new files (3910398.imp and 3910303.imp) were constructed which apply to calendar years 1999 through 2002 and the 2003 and later calendar years respectively. 25 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Oregon (41) Two additional counties (41009 and 41071) were added to the Portland I/M program (41005, 41051 and 41067) in calendar year 2001. Jackson county (41029) has a separate I/M program. The I/M program file provided by OR for Jackson County (4102902.imp) was changed to extend the programs to 2050 and applied the file to the 2001 and later calendar years. The file was renamed (4102901.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. A new file (4102997.imp) without OBD inspections was created for Jackson County to apply to the 1999 and 2000 calendar years. This file assumes a gas cap inspection for all 1975 and newer light duty cars and trucks beginning in calendar year 1997. The I/M program file provided by OR for Clackamas County (4100502.imp) was changed to extend the programs to 2050 and applied the file to the 2001 and later calendar years. The file was renamed (4100501.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. A new file (4100597.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999 and 2000 calendar years. This file assumes a gas cap inspection for all 1975 and newer light duty cars and trucks beginning in calendar year 1997. Pennsylvania (42) No additional data was provided by PA. The existing I/M program file (PA98ph.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and a new file (4201797.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. The existing I/M program file (PAOlole.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and a new file (4201101.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. The existing I/M program file (PA97.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and a new file (4207785.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. The existing I/M program file (PA98pt.im) was changed to properly apply OBD and a new file (4200397.imp) was constructed which applies to all the 1999 and later calendar years. Rhode Island (44) The 2002 I/M program file provided by RI (4400002.imp) was applied to all calendar years. Tennessee (47) The I/M program files provided by TN (4703702.imp, 4714902.imp and 4715702.imp) were changed to extend the programs to 2050. The files were renamed (4703702.imp, 4714995.imp and 4715702.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. These files were applied to all calendar years. 26 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Texas (48) The 2002 I/M program file provided by TX for counties 39, 71, 157, 167, 291, 339 and 473 for evaporative testing (4803902.imp) was applied to those counties beginning in calendar year 2000. The 2002 I/M program file provided by TX for El Paso County (4814102.imp) was applied to all calendar years 1999 and later. The I/M program file provided by TX for Harris County (4820102.imp) was changed to use the I/M GRACE PERIOD command (instead of explicit model year coverage) so that the file could be used for multiple calendar years. This file was applied to calendar years 2002 and later. A new file (4820197.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999, 2000 and 2001 calendar years for Harris County. The I/M program file provided by TX for Collin County (85) and Denton (121) Counties (4808502.imp) was changed to use a 2 year grace period (instead of a fixed model maximum of 2000 for the 2002 calendar year) for all programs. The corrected file was applied to all calendar years 2002 and later. A new evaporative testing file (4808500.imp) was constructed to apply to calendar years 2000 and 2001 using the same 2 year grace period. The I/M program file provided by TX for Dallas County (113) and Tarrant (439) Counties (4811302.imp) were changed to use a 2 year grace period (instead of a fixed model maximum of 2000 for the 2002 calendar year) for all programs. The corrected file was applied to all calendar years 2002 and later. A new file (4811390.imp) was constructed to apply to calendar years 1999, 2000 and 2001 using the same 2 year grace period. Utah (49) The I/M program file provided by UT for Davis County (4901102.imp) was changed. The I/M effectiveness can only be applied once to all I/M program elements, so the initial I/M effectiveness values intended for the first I/M program were removed. The program ending dates were all changed to 2050 to allow the file to be used for all calendar years. The file was renamed (4901197.imp) to match the file naming convention to use the earliest calendar year the file applies. This file was applied to all calendar years 1999 and later. The 2002 I/M program file provided by UT for Salt Lake County (4903502.imp) was applied to calendar years 1999 through 2002. A new file (4903503.imp) with OBD was created to apply to the 2003 and later calendar years for Salt Lake County. The 2002 I/M program file provided by UT for Utah County (4904902.imp) was applied to calendar years 2002 and later. A new file (4904986.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999, 2000 and 2001 calendar years for Utah County. This file assumes a gas cap inspection for all vehicle types and model years. 27 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The I/M program file provided by UT for Weber County (4905702.imp) was changed to make the I/M program end date 2050 so that the file could be applied to all 2002 and later calendar years. I/M effectiveness can only be applied to all I/M programs, so the initial I/M effectiveness values intended for the first I/M program were removed. A new file (4905792.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999, 2000 and 2001 calendar years for Weber County. Vermont (50) The 2002 I/M program file provided by VT (5000002.imp) was applied to calendar years 2001 and later. A new file (5000097.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999 and 2000 calendar years for Vermont. Virginia (51) The 2002 I/M program file provided by VA (5101302.imp) was applied to all calendar years 1999 and later for counties 13, 59, 153, 510, 600, 610, 683 and 685. The 2002 I/M program file provided by VA (5110702.imp) was applied to all calendar years 1999 and later for counties 107 and 179 (Loudoun and Stafford). Washington (53) The 2002 I/M program file provided by WA for Clark County (11) (5301102.imp) was applied to all calendar years 2002 and later. A new file (5301198.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999, 2000 and 2001 calendar. The 2002 I/M program file provided by WA for Pierce County (53) (5305302.imp) was applied to all calendar years 2002 and later. A new file (5305393.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999, 2000 and 2001 calendar. The 2002 I/M program file provided by WA for King County (33) (5303302.imp) was applied to all calendar years 2002 and later. A new file (5303382.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999, 2000 and 2001 calendar. The 2002 I/M program file provided by WA for Snohomish County (61) (5306102.imp) was applied to all calendar years 2002 and later. A new file (5306193.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999, 2000 and 2001 calendar. The 2002 I/M program file provided by WA for Spokane County (63) (5306302.imp) was applied to all calendar years 2002 and later. A new file (5306385.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999, 2000 and 2001 calendar. 28 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Wisconsin (55) The 2002 I/M program file provided by WI for Sheboygan County (117) (5511702.imp) was applied to all calendar years 2001 and later. A new file (5511794.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999 and 2000 calendar. The 2002 I/M program file provided by WI (5505902.imp) for the other counties (59, 79, 89, 101, 131 and 133) was applied to all calendar years 2001 and later. A new file (5505984.imp) without OBD inspections was created to apply to the 1999 and 2000 calendar. 2.3.5 S/L/T Changes As mentioned above, EPA provided S/L/T agencies with the opportunity to review, comment upon, and revise the draft 2002 NEI. EPA's preferred method for updates for the NEI was the submission of NMIM inputs by S/L/T agencies. However, in some cases, EPA also accepted emission inventory revisions or updates for the NEI Version 2. For the onroad sector, new or revised emission data from Connecticut and Missouri; Clark County, Nevada; and the Penobscot Tribe in Maine were accepted and incorporated in the NEI Version 2. A number of S/L/T agencies also provided onroad NMIM updates, including VMT revisions, that were included in the NMIM runs for the NEI. All NMIM inputs provided by S/L/T agencies are listed in Chapter 3 of this document. Table 2-7. List of Original I/M Program Description Files Adapted from the 1999 NEI Inputs AK85A.IM MA95.IM PA01 OLE.IM AK85F.IM MD85.IM PA97.IM AZ95P.IM MD95.IM PA98PH.IM AZ95T.IM ME99.IM PA98PT.IM CA95B.IM MN92.IM RI97.IM CA99E.IM M097.IM TN84.IM C095C.IM NC01.IM TN85.IM C095D.IM NC83.IM TN95.IM CT98.IM NC87.IM TX98.IM DC99.IM NC92.IM UT97D.IM DE83.IM NH02.IM UT97S.IM DE90.IM NJ97.IM UT97W.IM FL92.IM NM97.IM VA98.IM GA01.IM NV95.IM VT97.IM GA99.IM NY01.IM WA83.IM ID85.IM NY99.IM WA86.IM IL99.IM OH96C.IM WA94.IM IN01.IM OH98CL.IM WI85.IM IN97.IM OR01P.IM WI95.IM KY98.IM OR98.IM LA00.IM OR98P.IM 29 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-8. List of State Supplied l/M Program Description Files 0401302. mp 4100502. mp 4904902. mp 0401902. mp 4102902. mp 4905702. mp 1000102. mp 4400002. mp 5000002. mp 1000302. mp 4703702. mp 5101302. mp 1000502. mp 4714902. mp 5110702. mp 1100102. mp 4715702. mp 5301102. mp 1700002. mp 4808502. mp 5303302. mp 2111102. mp 4811302. mp 5305302. mp 2400002. mp 4803902. mp 5306102. mp 2500002. mp 4814102. mp 5306302. mp 3400102. mp 4820102. mp 5505902.IMP 3500102. mp 4901102. mp 5511702.IMP 3600502. mp 4903502. mp 30 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-9. List of l/M Program File Names Used for Version 2 of the 2002 National Emission Inventory First Last State Filename Year Year Counties ALASKA 0202099. mp 1999 2050 20 ALASKA 0209099. mp 1999 2050 90 ARIZONA 0401395. mp 1999 2001 13 ARIZONA 0401301. mp 2002 2050 13 ARIZONA 0401902. mp 1999 2050 19 CALIFORNIA 0600199. mp 1999 2050 1,13,41,55,75,81,95 CALIFORNIA 0607999. mp 1999 2050 7,11,17,19,21,29,31,37,39,47,53,57,59,61,65,6 7,69,71,73,77,79,83,85,87,89,97,99,101,103,1 07,111,113,115 COLORADO 0800199.imp 1999 2050 1,5,13,14,31,35,59 COLORADO 0804199.imp 1999 2050 41,69,97,123 CONNECTICUT 0900199.imp 1999 2050 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15 DELAWARE 1000191. mp 1999 2050 1 DELAWARE 1 000383.imp 1999 2050 3 DELAWARE 1000591. mp 1999 2050 5 DISTRICT OF 1100102.imp 1999 2002 1 COLUMBIA DISTRICT OF 1100103.imp 2003 2050 1 COLUMBIA FLORIDA 1200099. mp 1999 2050 11,31,57,86,99,103 GEORGIA 1305799. mp 1999 1999 57,63,77,97,113,117,151,223,247 GEORGIA 1305700. mp 2000 2001 57,63,77,97,113,117,151,223,247 GEORGIA 1305702. mp 2002 2050 57,63,77,97,113,117,151,223,247 GEORGIA 1306799. mp 1999 1999 67,89,121,135 GEORGIA 1306700. mp 2000 2001 67,89,121,135 GEORGIA 1306702. mp 2002 2050 67,89,121,135 IDAHO 1600099. mp 1999 2050 1 ILLINOIS 1700099. mp 1999 2001 31,43,63,89,93,97,111,119,133,163,197 ILLINOIS 1700002. mp 2002 2050 31,43,63,89,93,97,111,119,133,163,197 INDIANA 1806101. mp 2001 2050 61 INDIANA 1808997. mp 1999 2050 19,43,89,127 KENTUCKY 2111198. mp 1999 2001 15,37,111,117 KENTUCKY 2111102. mp 2002 2050 15,37,111,117 LOUISIANA 2200000. mp 2000 2050 33,121 MAINE 2300599. mp 1999 2050 5 MARYLAND 2400995. mp 1999 2002 9,15,17,21,35 MARYLAND 2400903. mp 2003 2050 9,15,17,21,35 MARYLAND 2400002. mp 1999 2002 3,5,13,25,27,31,33,43,510 MARYLAND 2400003. mp 2003 2050 3,5,13,25,27,31,33,43,510 MASSACHUSETTS 2500099. mp 1999 1999 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 MASSACHUSETTS 2500000. mp 2000 2002 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 MASSACHUSETTS 2500003. mp 2003 2050 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 MINNESOTA 2700099. mp 1999 2050 3,19,37,53,123,139,163,171 MISSOURI 2900099. mp 1999 2050 71,99,183,189,510 NEVADA 3200099. mp 1999 2050 3,31 NEW HAMPSHIRE 3300002. mp 2002 2050 11,15,17 NEW JERSEY 3400199. mp 1999 1999 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33, 35,37,39,41 NEW JERSEY 3400100.imp 2000 2004 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33, 35,37,39,41 NEW JERSEY 3400105.imp 2005 2050 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33, 35,37,39,41 31 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-9 (continued) State Filename First Year Last Year Counties NEW MEXICO 3500189.imp 1999 2002 1 NEW MEXICO 3500103.imp 2003 2050 1 NEW YORK 3600101 .imp 1999 2002 1,3,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,3 5,37,39,41,43,45,49,51,53,55,57,63,65,67,69,7 1,73,75,77,79,83,89,91,93,95,97,99,101,105,1 07,109,111,113,115,117,121,123 NEW YORK 3600103.imp 2003 2050 1,3,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,3 5,37,39,41,43,45,49,51,53,55,57,63,65,67,69,7 1,73,75,77,79,83,89,91,93,95,97,99,101,105,1 07,109,111,113,115,117,121,123 NEW YORK 3600599.imp 1999 2002 5,47,59,61,81,85,87,103,119 NEW YORK 3600503.imp 2003 2050 5,47,59,61,81,85,87,103,119 NORTH CAROLINA 3702501 .imp 2001 2050 25,135,179 NORTH CAROLINA 3705792.imp 1999 2050 57,59,63,67,71,77,81 NORTH CAROLINA 3711983.imp 1999 2050 119 NORTH CAROLINA 3718387.imp 1999 2050 183 OHIO 3905596. mp 1999 2002 17,23,35,55,57,61,85,93,113,133,153,165 OHIO 3905503. mp 2003 2050 17,23,35,55,57,61,85,93,113,133,153,165 OHIO 3910398. mp 1999 2002 25,103 OHIO 3910303. mp 2003 2050 25,103 OREGON 4100597. mp 1999 2000 5,51,67 OREGON 4100501. mp 2001 2050 5,51,67 OREGON 4100901. mp 2001 2050 9,71 OREGON 4102997. mp 1999 2000 29 OREGON 4102901. mp 2001 2050 29 PENNSYLVANIA 4201797. mp 1999 2050 17,29,45,91,101 PENNSYLVANIA 4201101. mp 2001 2050 11,13,21,27,41,43,49,69,71,75,79,81,85,133 PENNSYLVANIA 4200397. mp 1999 2050 3,7,73,125,129 PENNSYLVANIA 4207785. mp 1999 2050 77,95 RHODE ISLAND 4400002. mp 1999 2050 1,3,5,7,9 TENNESSEE 4703785. mp 1999 2050 37 TENNESSEE 4714995. mp 1999 2050 149,165,187,189 TENNESSEE 4715784. mp 1999 2050 157 TEXAS 4808500. mp 2000 2001 85,121 TEXAS 4808502. mp 2002 2050 85,121 TEXAS 4811390. mp 1999 2001 113,439 TEXAS 4811302. mp 2002 2050 113,439 TEXAS 4814102. mp 1999 2050 141 TEXAS 4820197. mp 1999 2001 201 TEXAS 4820102. mp 2002 2050 201 TEXAS 4803902. mp 2000 2050 39,71,157,167,291,339,473 UTAH 4901197. mp 1999 2050 11 UTAH 4903502. mp 1999 2002 35 UTAH 4903503. mp 2003 2050 35 UTAH 4904986. mp 1999 2001 49 UTAH 4904902. mp 2002 2050 49 UTAH 4905792. mp 1999 2001 57 UTAH 4905702. mp 2002 2050 57 VERMONT 5000097. mp 1999 2001 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 VERMONT 5000002. mp 2002 2050 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 32 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-9 (continued) First Last State Filename Year Year Counties VIRGINIA 5101302. mp 1999 2050 13,59,153,510,600,610,683,685 VIRGINIA 5110702. mp 1999 2050 107,179 WASHINGTON 5301198. mp 1999 2001 11 WASHINGTON 5301102. mp 2002 2050 11 WASHINGTON 5303382. mp 1999 2001 33 WASHINGTON 5303302. mp 2002 2050 33 WASHINGTON 5305393. mp 1999 2001 53 WASHINGTON 5305302. mp 2002 2050 53 WASHINGTON 5306193. mp 1999 2001 61 WASHINGTON 5306102. mp 2002 2050 61 WASHINGTON 5306385. mp 1999 2001 63 WASHINGTON 5306302. mp 2002 2050 63 WISCONSIN 5505984. mp 1999 2000 59,79,89,101,131,133 WISCONSIN 5505902. mp 2001 2050 59,79,89,101,131,133 WISCONSIN 5511794. mp 1999 2000 117 WISCONSIN 5511702. mp 2001 2050 117 33 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 2.4 HOW HAVE 2002 VERSION 3 EMISSION ESTIMATES CHANGED FROM THE 2002 VERSION 2 NEI? Some updates were made by EPA to the NMIM, MOBILE and NONROAD models between Version 2 of the 2002 NEI and Version 3. In addition, because inputs and algorithms for these core models were revised or in some cases corrected, EPA used these updated onroad and nonroad emission estimates in place of State-supplied emissions data that had been included in the 2002 NEI Version 2. NMIM-generated emissions were used in the onroad and NONROAD model sector of the 2002 NEI Version 3 with the exception of California. California emissions were state-submitted and were based on their submittal for the 2002 NEI Version 2. This exception was made because California has their own onroad mobile source estimation model (EMFAC2002), and nonroad model (OFFROAD). Note that any State-submitted NCD inputs (e.g., I/M inputs described in Section 2.3, and data discussed in Chapter 3) accepted by EPA for earlier versions of the 2002 NEI are reflected in the 2002 NEI Version 3. Version 3 is considered by EPA to be the final version of the 2002 NEI. Tables 2-10 and 2-11 summarize the differences in national mobile source CAP emissions between the final Version 3 and Version 2 of the 2002 NEI. Differences result from updates to NMIM and the core emission models as described below. VOC emissions for onroad show the largest increase, due primarily to updates to cold start and RVP modeling, discussed in more detail below. For nonroad, VOC also significantly increases, due largely to updates to small gasoline engines and recreational marine inputs. The decrease in NH3 emissions is due to the removal of State-supplied NH3 emissions data for select States. Further details on the changes made to the MOBILE and NONROAD model, as well as to NMIM, are described in the following sections. Table 2-10. Comparison of 2002 Onroad Mobile Final (Version 3) and Version 2 NEI Version 2 NEI Final Version 3 NEI Percent Difference VOC 4,660,584 4,917,692 5.5 MOX 8,133,574 7,870,197 -3.2 CO 62,957,988 60,597,280 -3.7 DM10-PRI 203,258 202,907 -0.2 DM25-PRI 148,433 147,620 -0.5 S02 257,520 245,274 -4.8 MH3 289,567 294,016 1.5 34 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 2-11. Comparison of 2002 NONROAD Model Final (Version 3) and Version 2 NEI Version 2 NEI Final Version 3 NEI Percent Difference VOC 2,492,244 2,838,912 13.9 NOX 2,202,898 2,197,879 -0.2 CO 21,520,638 21,788,376 1.2 PM10 230,423 230,577 0.1 PM25 213,161 219,219 2.8 S02 196,410 189,347 -3.6 NH3 13,263 1,884 -85.8 2.4.1 MOBILE Model Changes Onroad mobile emissions were based on the NMIM model, using a slightly modified version of MOBILE6.2.03 to better estimate the effects of cold temperatures on engine start emissions for hydrocarbons from light-duty gasoline fueled vehicles and to correct two oxygenate-related calculations in MOBILE6. This modified version of MOBILE6 was also used for the final Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSAT) rule (EPA 2007a). Specifically, the MOBILE6 model was revised for the 2002 NEI Version 3 as follows: • An adjustment was made for HC to account for vehicle "cold starts" which will greatly increase HC emissions (especially in colder areas) and other pollutants such as HAPs that are a function of HC emissions. Newer vehicles meeting Tier 2 have higher emissions than previously estimated when below 50° F when the engine is first started. A detailed discussion of this can be found in the document, "Cold Temperature Effects on Vehicle HC Emissions," (EPA 2006). • Two corrections were made to the handling of oxygenates which affects VOC and HAP estimates. The first involved a correction to the calculation of the market- weighted oxygen level. The second correction was related to benzene evaporative emissions. For this calculation, all oxygenates were affecting benzene evaporative emissions, whereas the only oxygenate that should have an effect is MTBE. 2.4.2 NONROAD Model Changes OTAQ generated monthly nonroad emissions using the NMIM model, including a version of NONROAD2005 called NR05c-BondBase. This version of NONROAD2005 improves inputs and emissions estimates for small spark-ignition (SI) and SI recreational marine equipment, and adds the ability to model the effects of ethanol blends on fuel hose and tank permeation. It is the same version of NONROAD that was used to generate base case inventories for the proposed rule, "Control of Emissions from Marine SI and Small SI Engines, Vessels, and Equipment" (EPA, 2007b). These emission estimates were used for all States with the exception of California, in which data submitted by California for the NEI Version 2 were used. 35 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The version of NONROAD used for the 2002 NEI Version 3 has the following improvements over the version used for the 2002 NEI Version 2. Unless otherwise noted, some of these changes have no appreciable effect on emissions for 2002: General • New evaporative emission categories were added for tank permeation, hose permeation, hot soak, and running loss emissions, and the methodology for calculating diurnal emissions was revised. Effects of ethanol blends on permeation were added. This change will substantially increase HC emissions. • Enhanced the equipment scrappage algorithm. • Effects of evaporative emission standards for recreational vehicles and large spark ignition equipment were incorporated. • Geographic allocations were updated. Small SI Inputs • Updated emission factors and deterioration rates for Phase 2 engines based on new test data. • Corrected technology mix for snowblowers to account for 4-stroke engines (previously assumed all 2-stroke). Recreational Marine Inputs • Recreational marine horsepower distributions were updated. This change will result in increased emissions for all exhaust pollutants. • 2-stroke recreational marine PM emission factors were updated, resulting in lower PM emissions. • Updated many inputs for high performance recreational marine sterndrive/inboard engines >600 hp (population, average hp, median life, activity, emission factors). This change will increase emissions for this category of engines. 2.4.3 Additions and Revisions to NMIM Updates to NMIM and the NCD, including fuel inputs and emission factors, were completed as described below. External MOBILE6 data input files were developed to account for the introduction of new California highway vehicle emission standards, beginning with the 2004 model year. These standards have been formally adopted by 11 states (California, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington). These standards supersede the federal certification standards for highway vehicles sold in those states. The changes to the external data files to reflect California standards will tend to slightly decrease HC, CO, and NOx emissions in the affected areas. Improvements were also made to county-level gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) estimates based on an updated analysis of fuels. Previously, the fuel survey results from a few counties in 36 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 a state were used for all counties in a state. However, often the surveyed counties would have RVP control programs, so that the other counties in the state, without controls, would have inappropriately low RVP. EPA changed the RVP for counties without fuel surveys and without RVP control to use federally-regulated RVP levels instead. The changes in gasoline RVP will tend to result in higher emissions in the non-urban areas affected by the changes, especially for HC emissions in the summer months. Mercury and arsenic emission factors have been added to the current version of NMIM. For mercury, these emission factors were developed from recent vehicle emissions testing data conducted in EPA. The mercury data include speciation of total mercury by phase (gas and particle) and characterization of reactive gas-phase mercury. For arsenic, the emission factors were developed from data reported for recent tunnel tests (Schauer et al., 2006). Chromium emission factors have also been revised in NMIM. No speciation of chromium from mobile sources currently exists. The current version of NMIM assumes that 18 percent of the chromium from mobile sources is hexavalent, based on combustion data from stationary combustion turbines that burn diesel fuel (Taylor, 2003). Previously, NMIM had assumed that 34 percent of chromium from mobile sources was hexavalent. This estimate was based on an assumption in the 1996 national scale air toxics assessment that 34 percent of all atmospheric chromium was hexavalent. This percent estimate was based on the high end of the range for utility boilers. 37 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 3.0 NMIM 3.1 NMIM METHODOLOGY 3.1.1 Introduction and Overview EPA's NMIM is a consolidated emissions modeling system for EPA's MOBILE6 and NONROAD models. It was developed to produce, in a consistent and automated way, national, county-level mobile source emissions inventories for the NEI and for EPA rulemaking. When national inventories have previously been constructed from MOBILE6 and NONROAD, the necessary input data have been widely scattered in disparate formats and have required additional specialized software to convert these data into input files for MOBILE6 and NONROAD, to run the models, to integrate the results into a final inventory, and to post-process the results into forms suitable for the national inventories. NMIM is designed to accomplish all of these tasks in a single package. NMIM comprises a Java framework, graphical and command line user interfaces, the MOBILE6 and NONROAD models, a national county database, and postprocessing and aggregation capabilities. NMIM's primary improvements over MOBILE6 and NONROAD are: 1) the inclusion of all the required county data for the nation in a single database; 2) graphical user interface (GUI); 3) "shortcuts" for generating national inventories; 4) tools for aggregation and post-processing; 5) estimation of 33 HAPs and 17 dioxin/furan congeners by ratio to various MOBILE6 and NONROAD output parameters; and 6) distributed processing capability to enhance performance. NMIM specifically extends MOBILE6's capabilities by producing inventories rather than just emissions factors. NMIM provides consistency across both models and all pollutants by using a single input database for MOBILE6 and NONROAD and for criteria pollutants and HAPs. An installation package and general information about NMIM may be downloaded from ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/nmimtraining/. This download supports the NMIM training scheduled for April 11, 2005, at the 14th International Emission Inventory Conference in Las Vegas. The posted version of NMIM is identical to that used in the Draft 2002 NEI, except for some bug fixes that do not affect the results. In addition, OTAQ is constructing a website that will have an installation package and other information about NMIM. That site is not available as of this writing, but is expected to be accessible as a link from OTAQ's emissions modeling web page, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models.htm, which also contains links to the MOBILE and NONROAD models. Questions about NMIM can be emailed to mobile@epa.gov. This chapter begins with an overall explanation of how NMIM works, followed by the details of how it runs MOBILE6 and NONROAD. Next, it discusses the pollutant and source category inventories available from running NMIM. Then it describe the NCD and plans for updating and improving it through the NEI process. Lastly, there is an explanation of how NMIM estimates various HAPs that are not direct outputs of MOBILE6 and NONROAD. 38 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 3.1.2 How NMIM Works The NMIM user specifies a set of years and months, a geographic region (the whole United States, any combination of whole States, or any combination of particular counties, including Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands), a set of pollutants, and categories of on-road vehicles and nonroad equipment. This collection of user requests is called a "run specification" or RunSpec, and can be saved in a file for later execution or for text editing. RunSpecs can be produced by the NMIM GUI or by using a text editor. NMIM RunSpecs can be executed from the GUI or from the command line. Based on the RunSpec and information in the NCD, NMIM writes input files for the MOBILE6 and NONROAD models. NMIM then runs these models, reads their output files, performs additional processing if necessary, and puts the inventories into an output database. Additional processing includes multiplying MOBILE6 emission factors by VMT and estimating emissions of some other pollutants (see below) as ratios to pollutant inventories generated by MOBILE6 and NONROAD. NMIM has post-processing capability that can be applied after the inventory is generated. This includes NEI Input Format Version 3.0 (NIF3), although bugs in the NIF3 converter required separate conversion for this version of the NEI for the 2002 NEI Draft (completed February 2005). NMIM employs two main techniques, adopted from previous NEIs, to make the production of national inventories tractable. The first is to assume that monthly time resolution is adequate for both meteorology and source activity and therefore to perform 12 monthly runs instead of 365 daily runs. NMIM is designed to do only monthly runs and produces annual inventories by summing the 12 monthly inventories. The second technique, which was not used for this version of the 2002 NEI Draft, is to group similar counties, allowing NMIM to do a single MOBILE6 or NONROAD run for the entire group. All counties were run individually for this version of the 2002 NEI Draft to make maximum use of county-specific information. As a way of further improving performance, NMIM may be run in a distributed-processing mode, employing multiple computers. NMIM comprises two programs, Master and Worker. Both Master and Worker(s) have a simple text configuration file which specifies the path to a shared folder through which they communicate. The GUI, used to produce RunSpecs and AgSpecs as discussed above, is on the Master. In standalone mode, one Master, one Worker, and the shared folder are on the same computer. In distributed mode, there are multiple workers on separate computers. For this version of the 2002 Draft NEI, NMIM was run in distributed mode, using one master and 20 workers. 3.1.3 How NMIM Runs Mobile6 NMIM writes a MOBILE6 input file and executes MOBILE6 once for each month for each representing county (if the user chose the Geographic Representation option "County Group") or for each county (if the user chose the Geographic Representation option "County"). The 39 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 resulting emission factors are multiplied by the VMT for each county. Each MOBILE6 input file is constructed using data obtained from the NCD. The MOBILE6 input files constructed by NMIM are designed to accommodate detailed user input and to use a consistent set of commands. In order to use consistent fuels data for all pollutants, the AIR TOXICS command is always used, even if no air toxics are requested by the user. To enable the AIR TOXICS command, NMIM always inserts the command to model acrolein in the MOBILE6 input file, whether the user requests it or not. However, if the user does not request acrolein, it will not appear in the output table. Similarly, other commands, such as ALTITUDE, POLLUTANTS and EVALUATION MONTH are always explicitly used, rather than depending on MOBILE6 default settings and will always appear in NMIM MOBILE6 input files. The NMIM MOBILE6 input files always use the HOURLY TEMPERATURES command, rather than MIN/MAX TEMPERATURE command. The hourly RELATIVE HUMIDITY command is always used, rather than the ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY command. The BAROMETRIC PRES command is always used, since this value interacts with the relative humidity values. Average speed distributions are always specified using the SPEED VMT command, rather than the AVERAGE SPEED command. For consistency, NMIM requires that gasoline fuel parameters have the level of detail to properly model air toxic emissions, even though less detail is required to model criteria pollutants. The OXYGENATE command is used instead of the OXYGENATED FUELS command, so all oxygen content values must be expressed as volume percent instead of weight percent. GAS AROMATIC%, GAS OLEFIN%, GAS BENZENE%, E200 and E300 must always be specified. RVP OXY WAIVER command is always set to 1 (no waiver), because Reid vapor pressure (RVP) values from the fuel surveys are assumed to already account for any RVP effect from oxygenated fuels. The FUEL RVP command is always required. The GASOLINE SULFUR command and FUEL PROGRAM command Option 4 are always used to explicitly set the sulfur content of gasoline. The same gasoline sulfur content is used for both commands and for all years in the FUEL PROGRAM command, although it would normally have different sulfur values for different years. Each MOBILE6 run covers only a single month in a particular calendar year, so NMIM sets all possible sulfur values the same to avoid programming logic to determine which of the possible years to change. Some counties have local emission control programs. The basic information for these programs is stored in the NCD and used to create the appropriate commands for the input file when needed. Inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs for counties are stored in external data files and accessed using the I/M DESC FILE command. In addition to the basic required information, NMIM can also include county specific data that is normally provided to MOBILE6 using external data files. Nearly any of the valid MOBILE6 commands can be used, including commands used to model local Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) phase-in programs and local natural gas vehicle fractions. Diesel sales fractions are stored in an external file and used to create the appropriate input command. Not all MOBILE6 commands are used by NMIM. The VMT FRACTIONS and VMT BY FACILITY commands are not needed, since these commands are only needed to create composite emission rates. NMIM converts all emission rate results from MOBILE6 to tons using 40 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 the county specific VMT for each vehicle class and roadway type. Since all gasolines are explicitly defined, both the SEASON command and FUEL PROGRAM command Option 2 are never used. Only weekdays are modeled by NMIM. Commands that apply to weekend variations are not used. This simplification makes sense because most weekend differences in MOBILE6 are temporal distributions, so MOBILE6's emission factors at the day level are little affected by these differences. (Parameters that can differ between weekends and weekdays are hot soak duration distribution, start distribution, starts/day, soak distribution, and trip length distribution.) The major difference between weekdays and weekends is VMT, which is provided by month, vehicle type, and roadway type in the NCD. MOBILE6 has only 4 facility or roadway types: freeways, arterials, ramps, and locals. Ramp speed is fixed at 34.6 miles per hour (mph) and local speed at 12.9 mph. Distributions of average speeds are specified separately for freeways and arterials using the SPEED VMT command. If only a single MOBILE6 scenario were run, the same distribution of average speeds would be applied to all vehicle types. Separate specification of average speed distributions for all combinations of the 12 roadway types and all 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types would require running 168 MOBILE6 scenarios. In order to avoid running so many MOBILE6 scenarios, while retaining reasonable flexibility, NMIM groups vehicle class-roadway type combinations into 18 groups, shown in Table 3-1. These groups are those that have been used in past NEI base years, and provide flexibility in assigning average speeds while limiting the number of MOBILE6 runs necessary to generate an inventory. Since nine of these combinations use the MOBILE6 freeway facility type and nine use the arterial facility type, a total of nine MOBILE6 scenarios are needed to model the eighteen vehicle class/roadway type combinations. Average speed distributions for each of these eighteen vehicle class/roadway type combinations can be specified for each county. Because MOBILE6 can model only one particle size at a time, if both PM10 and PM2.5 are desired, NMIM runs a tenth MOBILE6 scenario to obtain emission factors for the extra particle size. MOBILE6 separates exhaust particulates into sulfate (S04), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), lead, tire wear, and brake wear. Of these, only S04 depends on speed. If either PM10 or PM2.5 is requested, the results are obtained from the standard nine scenarios. If both PM10 and PM2.5 are requested, the nine scenarios are run for PM10. Since all S04 is PM2.5, if both PM10 and PM2.5 are requested, the S04 emission factor for both is taken from the nine scenarios that are sensitive to speed, and the tenth scenario is used to obtain the emission factors for all the other PM2.5 components. 41 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-1. The 18 Vehicle Class-roadway Type Combinations in NMIM M6Vtypes* Road Types M6 Ftype LDV Rural Interstate Freeway LDT Rural Interstate Freeway HDV Rural Interstate Freeway LDV Urban Interstate Freeway LDT Urban Interstate Freeway HDV Urban Interstate Freeway LDV Urban Freeways & Expressways Freeway LDT Urban Freeways & Expressways Freeway HDV Urban Freeways & Expressways Freeway LDV,LDT Rural Principal Arterial Arterial LDV,LDT Rural Minor Arterial Arterial HDV Rural Principal Arterial Arterial LDV,LDT Rural Major Collector Arterial LDV,LDT Rural Minor Collector, Rural Local Arterial HDV Rural Minor Arterial Arterial LDV,LDT Urban Principal Arterial, Urban Minor Arterial, Urban Collector Arterial HDV Rural Major Collector, Rural Minor Collector, Rural Local Arterial HDV Urban Principal Arterial, Urban Minor Arterial, Urban Collector Arterial * Reference MOBILE6.2 User Guide, Appendix B LDV = MOBILE6 Vehicle Types 1 and 16. LDT = MOBILE6 Vehicle Types 2-5. HDV = MOBILE6 Vehicle Types 6-15. MOBILE6 specifies a calendar year and an evaluation month of either January or July. This combination determines the fleet composition for which emission factors are generated. For each month of a given inventory year, NMIM writes the MOBILE6 input file using the combination of calendar year and evaluation month shown in Table 3-2. The reasoning behind this scheme is that the fleet composition in October, November, and December of year Y is more like that of January of year Y+l than it is like July of year Y. This scheme does not cause a problem with fuel properties, because NMIM always looks up the fuel properties in the NCD for the inventory year and month being modeled. Control programs in MOBILE6 are always assumed to begin on January 1, but MOBILE6 assumes that these programs have no effect on that day, since the program has had no time to get started. Hence NMIM is not erroneously introducing next year's control programs by modeling October, November, and December as January 1 of the following year. 42 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-2. The MOBILE6 Calendar Years and Evaluation Months That Are Used by NMIM to Produce an Inventory for Each Month of a Given Year, Y NMIM Month of Inventory Year Y MOBILE6 calendar year MOBILE6 evaluation month 1 Y 1 2 Y 1 3 Y 1 4 Y 7 5 Y 7 6 Y 7 7 Y 7 8 Y 7 9 Y 7 10 Y+1 1 11 Y+1 1 12 Y+1 1 3.1.4 How NMIM Runs NONROAD NONROAD estimates monthly fuel consumption and emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC), CO, NOx, S02, and PM. NMIM then processes the monthly results as needed to produce annual and ozone season day emissions. Additional pollutants are produced by NMIM as ratios to some of these outputs. The NONROAD Model reads a set of ASCII instructions, known as an "opt file" (for options). NMIM creates this file from data in the NCD. As employed in NMIM, the opt file is limited to one State and specifies month and year, fuel properties, temperature, and the counties for which to calculate emissions, which may be all or a subset of the counties in the State. NONROAD internally produces emissions for the whole State and then allocates the emissions for each SCC to the requested counties. Output is produced only for the county or counties selected in the NMIM RunSpec. The NONROAD Model includes a group of files that specify equipment populations, emission factors, deterioration rates, activities, and allocations from the State to the county level. County- specific allocation, population, seasonality, and activity files that will override the default files can be specified in the NCD. The fuel properties required by the NONROAD Model are not the same as those in the NCD. The NONROAD Model requires "Oxygen Weight %" in its opt file. The conversion from NCD fuel properties to oxygen weight percent is performed by NMIM as follows: oxywtpct = etohvo lume *0.3448* etohmktshar e + mtbevolume*0.1786*mtbemktshare + tamevolume*0.1636*tamemktshare + etbevolume*0.1533*etbemktshare 43 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 These conversion factors are detailed under the OXYGENATE command in the MOBILE6 User's Guide (EPA, 2003b). How NMIM converts from THC to other hydrocarbon (HC) species THC is the NONROAD Model's native output. The other HC species that can be requested from NMIM are listed and defined in Table 3-3 below. The conversion from THC to the other HC species differs between exhaust and evaporative emissions. For NONROAD, NMIM classifies all emissions as either exhaust, evaporative, or refueling. NONROAD's crankcase emissions are classified as exhaust. NMIM uses factors in the SCC table to convert NONROAD exhaust THC to the other HC outputs (VOC, NMHC, TOG, and NMOG). For evaporative emissions except for FuelType=CNG, no conversion is necessary (i.e., VOC = NMHC = TOG = NMOG = THC). For evaporative CNG emissions, TOG = THC, and NMOG = NMHC = VOC = 0. 3.1.5 Pollutants for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM HCs may be expressed in one of five forms, listed in Table 3-3 below. The conversion factors are those used in the MOBILE6 and NONROAD models and depend on fuel and engine type. Table 3-3. Hydrocarbon Forms Available from NMIM (MOBILE6 User Guide) Hydrocarbon Form Includes FID HC Includes Methane Includes Ethane Includes Aldehydes Total Hydrocarbons (THC) Yes Yes Yes Partially Nonmethane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) Yes No Yes Partially Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Yes No No Yes Total Organic Gases (TOG) Yes Yes Yes Yes Nonmethane Organic Gases (NMOG) Yes No Yes Yes Table 3-4 lists all pollutants for which NMIM produces inventories. The pollutant codes are those specified by NIF3.1 Numeric codes are Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers2 (CASRN) with the hyphens removed. In Table 3-4, a non-blank "Ratio to" column (MB for MOBILE6, NR for NONROAD) indicates that the pollutant is calculated by NMIM, after the MOBILE6 or NONROAD model is run, by ratio to the pollutant listed in the column. A blank "Ratio to" column indicates that the pollutant is calculated inside MOBILE6 or NONROAD. The ratio depends on source type, expressed as a SCC, and fuel characteristics. The complete list of these ratios may be found in the NCD SCC table and SCCToxics table. Ratio units are g/gallon, g/mile, and g/g of PM or VOC. For on-road vehicles, naphthalene is ratioed to exhaust PM and to evaporative VOC. For nonroad, it is 1 Details of the NIF3 maybe found as links to http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/nif/index.html#ver3. 2 See EPA's Substance Registry System: http://www.epa.gov/srs/ and the CAS Registry website: http://www.cas.org/EO/regsys.html. 44 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 ratioed to exhaust PM10 only. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is present to provide input to REMSAD (Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition3). The "Six HAPs" category represents the first HAPs studied for mobile sources. They are selected individually in the NMIM RunSpec. The 27 "Add'l. HAPs" (additional HAPs) are selected as a group in the NMIM RunSpec. The 17 dioxin/furan congeners are also selected as a group. Pollutants in Table 3-4 without a category listed may be selected individually in the NMIM RunSpec. All pollutants are output separately, even if they are selected as a group. Table 3-4. List of Pollutants for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM Pollutant Ratio to Code PollutantName Category MB NR CO Carbon Monoxide HC Hydrocarbons (choice of five forms) NOX Nitrogen Oxides S02 Sulfur Dioxide PM10-PRI Primary PM10 (Filterables and Condensibles) PM25-PRI Primary PM2.5 (Filterables and Condensibles) PM10* NH3 Ammonia Gal* 75070 Acetaldehyde Six HAPS VOC 107028 Acrolein Six HAPS VOC 71432 Benzene Six HAPS VOC 106990 1,3-Butadiene Six HAPS voc 50000 Formaldehyde Six HAPS voc 1634044 MTBE Six HAPS voc 100414 Ethyl Benzene Add'l. HAPS voc voc 100425 Styrene Add'l. HAPS voc voc 108883 Toluene Add'l. HAPS voc voc 110543 Hexane Add'l. HAPS voc voc 120127 Anthracene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 123386 Propionaldehyde Add'l. HAPS voc voc 129000 Pyrene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 1330207 Xylene Add'l. HAPS VOC voc 16065831 Chromium (Cr3+) Add'l. HAPS Mile Gal 18540299 Chromium (Cr6+) Add'l. HAPS Mile Gal 191242 Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 193395 lndeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 205992 Benzo(b)fluoranthene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 206440 Fluoranthene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 207089 Benzo(k)fluoranthene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 208968 Acenaphthylene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 218019 Chrysene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 50328 Benzo(a)pyrene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 3 Information on REMSAD may be found at http://remsad.saintl.com/overview.htm. 45 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-4 (continued) Pollutant Ratio to Code PollutantName Category MB NR 53703 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 540841 2,2,4-T rimethylpentane Add'l. HAPS VOC VOC 56553 Benz(a)anthracene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 7439965 Manganese Add'l. HAPS Mile Gal 7440020 Nickel Add'l. HAPS Mile Gal 83329 Acenaphthene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 85018 Phenanthrene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 86737 Fluorene Add'l. HAPS PM10 PM 10 91203 Naphthalene Add'l. HAPS PM VOC PM 10 1746016 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 19408743 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 3268879 Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 35822469 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 39001020 Octachlorodibenzofu ran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 39227286 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 40321764 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 51207319 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofu ran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 55673897 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 57117314 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofu ran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 57117416 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 57117449 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 57653857 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 60851345 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofu ran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 67562394 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 70648269 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal 72918219 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzofuran D oxin/ uran Mile Gal C02 Carbon Dioxide SOA Secondary Organic Aerosol VOC* VOC* * Ratios for these pollutants are in the NCD SCC table. All others are in the SCCToxics table. 3.1.6 Source Categories for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM NMIM's output is always in terms of SCC, which are described in the SCC table. For on-road output, NMIM also distinguishes five emission types (exhaust, evaporation, refueling, brake wear, and tire wear). For NONROAD, NMIM distinguishes three emission types (exhaust, evaporation, and refueling) and also reports the NONROAD power classes, which subdivide a given SCC by horsepower range. The VMT in the BaseYearVMT table is by the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle classes. In NMIM output, however, these 28 vehicle classes are aggregated into the 12 vehicle classes that correspond to SCC codes. These 12 vehicle classes are shown in Table 3-5a. The NCD M6VClass table defines the correspondence between these two sets of vehicle classes, which are also shown in Table 3-5b. 46 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-5a. The 12 Vehicle Classes That Correspond to SCCs Class Description Class Description LDGV Light duty gasoline vehicles LDDT Light duty diesel trucks LDGT1 Light duty gasoline truck 1 2BHDDV Class 2b heavy duty diesel vehicles LDGT2 Light duty gasoline truck 2 LHDDV Light heavy-duty diesel vehicles HDGV Heavy duty gasoline vehicles, include buses MHDDV Medium heavy-duty diesel vehicles MC Motorcycles HHDDV Heavy heavy-duty diesel vehicles LDDV Light duty diesel vehicles BUSES Diesel buses Table 3-5b. The 28 MOBILE6 Vehicle Classes and the 12 Vehicle Classes Corresponding to SCCs That Are Output by NMIM M6# 28 M6 12 SCC Description 1 LDGV LDGV Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (Passenger Cars) 2 LDGT1 LDGT1 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 1 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 0-3750 lbs. LVW) 3 LDGT2 LDGT1 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 2 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 3751-5750 lbs. LVW) 4 LDGT3 LDGT2 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 3 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR, 0-5750 lbs. ALVW) 5 LDGT4 LDGT2 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 4 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR, 5751 lbs. and greater ALVW) 6 HDGV2B HDGV Class 2b Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (8501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) 7 HDGV3 HDGV Class 3 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) 8 HDGV4 HDGV Class 4 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) 9 HDGV5 HDGV Class 5 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) 10 HDGV6 HDGV Class 6 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) 11 HDGV7 HDGV Class 7 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) 12 HDGV8A HDGV Class 8a Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) 13 HDGV8B HDGV Class 8b Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) 14 LDDV LDDV Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles (Passenger Cars) 15 LDDT12 LDDT Light-Duty Diesel Trucks 1 and 2 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR) 16 HDDV2B 2BHDDV Class 2b Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (8501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) 17 HDDV3 LHDDV Class 3 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) 18 HDDV4 LHDDV Class 4 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) 19 HDDV5 LHDDV Class 5 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) 20 HDDV6 MHDDV Class 6 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) 21 HDDV7 MHDDV Class 7 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) 22 HDDV8A HHDDV Class 8a Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) 23 HDDV8B HHDDV Class 8b Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) 24 MC MC Motorcycles (Gasoline) 25 HDGB HDGV Gasoline Buses (School, Transit and Urban) 26 HDDBT BUSES Diesel Transit and Urban Buses 27 HDDBS BUSES Diesel School Buses 28 LDDT34 LDDT Light-Duty Diesel Trucks 3 and 4 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR) SCC output also distinguishes 12 roadway types, listed in Table 3-6. The 12 roadway types are those used by the FHWA Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS).4 These roadway types, in combination with the 12 vehicle types, result in 144 SCCs for on-road mobile sources. 4 Information on the FHWA HPMS is available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hpms/. 47 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-6. 12 Roadway Types Interstate: Rural Interstate: Urban Other Principal Arterial: Rural Other Freeways and Expressways: Urban Minor Arterial: Rural Other Principal Arterial: Urban Major Collector: Rural Minor Arterial: Urban Minor Collector: Rural Collector: Urban Local: Rural Local: Urban Emissions are estimated by the NONROAD Model for 214 SCCs. SCCs distinguish between equipment types, fuels (gasoline, diesel, LPG, and CNG) and between two stroke and four stroke gasoline engines. In addition, NONROAD produces horsepower categories, and NMIM retains these in its output. Within NMIM and the NONROAD Model, the nonroad SCCs are grouped into 12 segments, listed in Table 3-7. Table 3-7. NONROAD Model Equipment Segments Recreational Lawn/Garden Logging Oil Field Construction Agriculture Airport Support Pleasure Craft Industrial Commercial Underground Mining Railroad Any single SCC always falls under only one of these segments, corresponding to its most typical application, although it may be used in other segments as well. For example, skid steer loaders are in the construction segment, although they are also used in agriculture. Fuels are gasoline, diesel, LPG, and CNG. NMIM users must choose a segment and fuel; individual SCCs may not be selected. Output, however, is by individual SCC. 3.2 THE NMIM COUNTY DATABASE 3.2.1 Database Structure The NCD contains all the county-specific information needed to run MOBILE6 and NONROAD. It also contains the list of pollutants and the ratios of HAPs, dioxins/furans, and some metals to various NONROAD and MOBILE6 outputs that are used to estimate inventories of these nonstandard pollutants. This database is in MySQL, an open source database management system that is available from www.mysql.com. The tables in the database are listed in Table 3-8. 3.2.2 Onroad VMT The NCD is populated with 2002 VMT data developed from information provided by the FHWA. These default FHWA-based VMT data were then replaced by State data where these data were supplied to EPA. VMT data in the NCD is contained in the BaseYearVMT table. To use this table, the VMT data for a given county must contain records for each of the 12 HPMS 48 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 functional roadway types and the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle classes, for a total of 336 records in this table per county. The VMT data in the NMIM BaseYearVMT table is annual data in units of millions of miles. Table 3-8. Tables in the NMIM County Database (NCD) Table Contents BaseYearVMT VMT by year, county, M6VCIass, and HPMSRoadType. County For each county, Federal Information Processing System (FIPS) codes for the county and State, altitude, beginning and end of ozone season, Stage 2 information, Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fraction file name CountyMap The representing county for each county, one for NONROAD and one for MOBILE6. CountyMonth Defines the set of possible county-month combinations. CountyMonthHour Monthly average hourly temperature and humidity table used if "Use yearly weather data" is not selected or there is no data for the requested year in the CountyYearMonthHour table. County NRFile References to external NONROAD files pertaining to a county. CountyVMTMonth Allocation Mileage allocation factors for the 12 months of the year, by county. CountyYear Stage2 percent input to the NR model, plus external file references for MOBILE6 and NR. CountyYearMonth Gasoline, diesel, and natural gas fuel IDs for each county for each year and month. CountyYearMonth Hour Historical hourly temperature and relative humidity. DataSource Defines datasource identifiers used in other tables. Diesel Diesel sulfur content associated with each diesel ID. EmissionType Associates emission types (exhaust, evap, brake, tire) with EmissionTypelD used in other tables FileType Defines the set of valid external files and their 3-character extensions. Gasoline Detailed fuel properties associated with each gasoline ID. Hour Defines the hour identifiers. HPMSRoadType Defines the 12 HPMS road type identifiers. M6VCIass Defines the 28 vehicle classes used in MOBILE6. These are the valid combinations of M6Vtype and fuel. M6VType Defines the fuel-independent vehicle types used in MOBILE6. NaturalGas Natural gas sulfur content associated with each natural gas ID. PollutantCode Associates NIF pollutant codes and pollutant names with PollutantCodelD used in other tables. see Associates with each SCCID an SCC code and description, and ratios for NH3, PM25, and for converting between HC forms. SCCToxics SCC and fuel property-dependent ratios for calculating HAPs, dioxin/furans, and metals. State Associates State names and abbreviations with State FIPS codes used in other tables. VMTGrowth The annual VMT growth rate for a M6VCIass by county and year. VMTMonth Allocation Factors for allocating annual VMT to the 12 months, by M6VType and HPMSRoadType, used if there are no county-specific values in CountyVMTMonthAllocation. 49 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 3.2.2.1 Annual 3.2.2.1.1 Data Sources Used to Develop VMT The default 2002 VMT database was developed by EPA, using data supplied directly by FHWA and as well as publicly available data from FHWA's Highway Statistics series (FHWA, 2003). From Highway Statistics 2002, EPA uses Table VM-2 "Functional System Travel - 2002; Annual Vehicle-Miles (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs02/pdf/vm2.pdf). This table contains state-level summaries of miles of annual travel in each State by functional system and by rural and urban areas. Rural VMT is provided on a State level for the following six roadway types: interstate, other principal arterial, minor arterial, major collector, minor collector, and local. Urban VMT is provided on a State level for the following six roadway types: interstate, other freeways and expressways, other principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, and local. EPA also uses Table VM-1 "Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data - 2002; by Highway Category and Vehicle Type" (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs02/pdf/vml.pdf) from Highway Statistics 2002. This table provides annual VMT separated by rural and urban areas broken down into the following vehicle categories: passenger cars, motorcycles, buses, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicles, single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more trucks, and combination trucks. In addition to these publicly available tables, FHWA provided EPA with its HPMS 2002 universe and sample databases (Kashuba, 2004). From these data tables, EPA extracted daily VMT by urban area (areas with a population of 50,000 or more) in each of the six urban roadway categories as listed for Table VM-2, broken down by urban area and State. This data is similar to that in Table HM-71 from Highway Statistics 2002 with the exception that Table HM-71 does not break down multi-state urban areas into the portion in each State. EPA also calculated roadway mileage by county and each of the 12 roadway classes listed above from the HPMS 2002 data provided by FHWA. In addition to the FHWA data, EPA uses Census data in developing the VMT database. Three data sets are used. The first contains the 2002 population estimates by county (BOC, 2004a). The second is the 2000 Census data listing the urban and rural population in each county (BOC, 2004b). The third table has the 2000 Census data showing the population breakdown for each urban area by county for each county included in that urban area. 3.2.2.1.2 How Does EPA Estimate VMT? VMT is the activity factor EPA uses to estimate on-road vehicle emissions; therefore, the development of a VMT database is critical to the estimation process. Starting with State-level VMT totals for each year, EPA allocates VMT by county, roadway type, and vehicle type. There are four basic steps in this process: (1) allocate state-level rural VMT by roadway type to county/roadway type level; (2) allocate large urban area VMT by roadway type to the county/roadway type level; (3) allocate remaining state-level small urban VMT by roadway type to the county/roadway type level; and (4) allocate county/roadway type level VMT to each of the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle classes for each county and roadway type combination. Each of these steps is described in more detail in the following sections. 50 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 2002 Rural VMT Development Rural Interstates Rural interstate VMT is allocated from the State level to the county level based on rural interstate roadway mileage. To estimate county-level VMT on rural interstates, EPA calculated each county's fraction of the State's total rural interstate roadway mileage and then multiplied that fraction by the State's 2002 rural interstate VMT total from Table VM-2. Equation 1 shows this calculation. MILmr VMrmc - vmt^ x (Eq 1} R1,S where: VMT RI,C VMT RI,S MILjuc; MILRI,S Rural interstate VMT in county C (calculated) = Rural interstate VMT, State total {Highway Statistics Table VM-2) Rural interstate mileage in county C (FHWA) = Rural interstate mileage, State total (FWHA) Rural Local Roads For the rural local roadway type, VMT was allocated from the State to the county level using rural population to determine the allocation fractions. Thus, rural local VMT at the county level was calculated by multiplying the State's rural local VMT total by the ratio of a county's rural population to the State's rural population. The equation used for this calculation is the same as Equation 1, but with rural interstate mileage replaced by rural population. 2002 rural population was first estimated at the county level by multiplying the Census Bureau's 2002 county-level population estimates by the ratio of each county's rural population in the 2000 Census to its total rural plus urban population. Other Rural Roadway Types EPA allocated VMT for the remaining four rural roadway types (other principal arterials, minor arterials, major collectors, and minor collectors) from the State level to the county level using rural county population as the primary source of the VMT allocation. Additionally, VMT for a specific roadway type was distributed only to counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type, based on the roadway mileage file data from FHWA. Thus, rural population within a State was totaled individually for each of these four rural roadway types, including only population from counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type. Equation 2 shows the equation used to calculate county-level VMT on rural roadway types other than rural interstates. P°PRXC VMTrx^ = VMT^ x ^ (Eq 2) RXS 51 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 where: VMT^ = VMT on rural roadtype X in county C (calculated) VMTrx s = VMT on rural roadtype X, State total (.Highway Statistics Table VM-2) POPR c = Rural population in county C with nonzero mileage from rural roadway type X (0 if zero mileage from rural roadway type X in county C) (Census) POPR S = Rural population, State total of all counties with nonzero mileage from rural roadway type X (Census) 2002 Urban Area VMT Development The procedure for developing urban area VMT at the county and road type level involves allocating the FHWA State/urban area VMT data to the county level using the Census data on urban area population by county as well as the FHWA roadway mileage data by county and road type. The FHWA urban area VMT data are in units of average daily miles. These data are first converted to millions of annual miles to be consistent with the Table VM-2 State-level data by multiplying the urban area VMT data by 365 and dividing by 1,000,000. The Census data containing information on the population by county in each urban area is prepared only for the decennial censuses. Therefore, these data are converted from 2000 population by county in each State/urban area combination to the fraction of the total State/urban area population in each of the counties making up that State/urban area. As shown in Equation 3, EPA then calculates each county's share of a State/urban area's VMT by distributing urban area VMT from FHWA's State/urban area VMT database based on the percentage of the urban area's population in each county. As with the rural VMT allocations, VMT for a specific roadway type is distributed only to counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type, based on the FHWA roadway mileage data. Thus, the county-level State/urban population fractions are divided by the total State/urban area population fraction from counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type. For the urban local roadway category, VMT is distributed strictly by urban population, assuming that all counties with urban populations have mileage in the urban local roadway category. POP VMTyr = VMTya x - PQP XJG (Eq. 3) xj where: VMT x,c VMT POP x,s x,c POP X,A State/urban area A's VMT on roadway type X in county C (calculated) Total of State/urban area A's VMT on roadway type X (FHWA) State/urban area A's population fraction in county C with nonzero mileage from urban roadway type X (Census) State/urban area A's total population fraction from all counties with nonzero mileage from urban roadway type X (Census) 52 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 2002 Small Urban VMT Development The urban VMT included in Table VM-2 of Highway Statistics 2002 accounts for VMT from both urban (population greater than 50,000) and small urban areas. Thus, small urban VMT is calculated by subtracting the urban VMT, calculated as discussed above, from the urban VMT totals in Table VM-2. First, the resultant annual VMT for urban areas was totaled by State and roadway type and was then subtracted from the total urban VMT by State and roadway type reported in Table VM-2. This calculation results in small urban VMT by State and roadway type. To allocate the small urban VMT to the county level, EPA first estimated the county-level population in small urban areas. The Census 2000 urban area population data by county was totaled by county to determine the population in each county falling in the Census-defined urban areas. This population was then subtracted from the Census total urban population for each county in 2000. The small urban population fraction was then calculated for each county as the ratio of the county small urban county population to the total county population. These 2000 small urban population fractions by county were then multiplied by the 2002 county-level population to estimate 2002 small urban population. Finally, each county's small urban population was calculated as a fraction of the total State's small urban population to use in allocating the small urban VMT from the State to the county level. As with the rural and urban VMT allocations, the small urban VMT for a specific roadway type was distributed only to counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type, based on the FHWA roadway mileage data. Thus, the county-level State/small urban population fractions are divided by the total State/small urban population fraction from counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type. For the small urban local roadway category, VMT is distributed strictly by small urban population, assuming that all counties with small urban populations have mileage in the urban local roadway category. Equation 4 shows the equation used to calculate county-level VMT on small urban roadway types. POP„vr V^Tsx,c = V^Tsx,s x pnp (Eq. 4) rursx,s where: VMTSX c = VMT on small urban roadtype X in county C (calculated) VMTSX s = VMT on small urban roadtype X, State total (obtained by subtracting large urban VMT from total urban VMT from Highway Statistics Table VM-2) POPsx c = Small urban population fraction in county C with nonzero mileage from urban roadway type X (Census data) (0 if zero mileage from urban roadway type X in county C) POPsx s = State's small urban population fraction total from all counties with nonzero mileage from urban roadway type X (Census data) 53 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 3.2.2.1.3 2002 VMTAllocation by Vehicle Type For input to the NCD, the 2002 VMT must be allocated to the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types for each county and roadway type. This allocation was done for 2002 using the distribution of the 2002 VMT among the six HPMS vehicle types found in Table VM-1 ("Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data - 2002 - by Highway Category and Vehicle Type") of FHWA's Highway Statistics 2002 (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs02/pdf/vml.pdf) and a mapping of these HPMS vehicle categories to the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types, provided by OTAQ. First, the VMT totals for each of the six HPMS vehicle categories (passenger cars, motorcycles, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicles, single unit 2-axle 6-tire or more trucks, combination trucks, and buses) were calculated as a fraction of the total VMT. This calculation was performed separately for five groups of roadway classes. The resulting 2002 VMT fractions for each group of roadway classes are shown in Table 3-9. Next, EPA assigned each of the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types to one of the 6 HPMS vehicle categories, as shown in Table 3-9. Using the default MOBILE6 VMT fractions for 2002, the MOBILE6 VMT fractions were renormalized among all MOBILE6 vehicle types mapped to a given HPMS vehicle category. Then the HPMS VMT fractions for each roadway group were separately multiplied by the renormalized MOBILE6 VMT fractions for all MOBILE6 vehicle types included within a given HPMS vehicle category. For example, Table 3-9 shows that the HPMS Passenger Car vehicle category includes the MOBILE6 LDGV and LDDV vehicle types. Therefore, the default 2002 MOBILE6 VMT fraction for LDGVs was divided by the sum of the LDGV and LDDV default 2002 MOBILE6 VMT fractions. This number was then multiplied by the HPMS VMT fraction for Passenger Cars (0.4947 for rural interstates). This resulted in a 2002 LDGV VMT fraction on rural interstates of 0.4939. Table 3-9 lists the resulting VMT fractions for 2002 for each of the MOBILE6 vehicle types and each of the five roadway groups. Finally, each of the VMT records in the 2002 VMT database, at the State/county/roadway type level of detail was then multiplied by the fraction of VMT in each of the corresponding MOBILE6 vehicle type categories to obtain total annual VMT at the State/county/roadway type/MOBILE6 vehicle type level. 3.2.2.1.4 How Were State VMT Estimates Incorporated into the NEI? For the final version of the 2002 NEI, a number of State and local agencies submitted 2002 VMT data that were accepted by EPA for incorporation into the NEI. VMT data were submitted for all counties in the following 32 States for 2002: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia. Additionally, VMT data were submitted for Maricopa County, Arizona; Jefferson County, Kentucky; Bernalillo County, New Mexico; and Lancaster County, Nebraska. VMT data were also submitted for all counties in Nevada except for Washoe County. The VMT data were submitted in several different formats. Several States submitted VMT data in the NMIM BaseYearVMT table format. Others supplied VMT at the 8 or 12 vehicle type level. Some of the submitted VMT files did not include a distribution of the VMT by roadway 54 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 type, while others had distributed VMT to the roadway types but not to any vehicle types. Therefore, EPA developed procedures to expand all of the VMT data to the 28 vehicle type and 12 roadway type level of detail. The procedures followed to expand the VMT for all of these States to the 28 vehicle type level and 12 roadway type level are discussed below. Expanding State/Local VMT to the 28 Vehicle Classes In nearly all cases the vehicle class information available from measurements of VMT, such as those obtained from the HPMS or State departments of transportation, are not as detailed as used by NMIM. The vehicle classifications used in NMIM are the same as used in the MOBILE6 output: MOBILE6 Vehicle Classifications Number Abb reviation Description 1 LDGV Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (Passenger Cars) 2 LDGT1 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 1 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 0-3,750 lbs. LVW) 3 LDGT2 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 2 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 3,751-5,750 lbs. LVW) 4 LDGT3 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 3 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR, 0-5,750 lbs. ALVW) 5 LDGT4 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 4 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR, greater than 5,751 lbs. ALVW) 6 HDGV2b Class 2b Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) 7 HDGV3 Class 3 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) 8 HDGV4 Class 4 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) 9 HDGV5 Class 5 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) 10 HDGV6 Class 6 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) 11 HDGV7 Class 7 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) 12 HDGV8a Class 8a Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) 13 HDGV8b Class 8b Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) 14 LDDV Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles (Passenger Cars) 15 LDDT12 Light-Duty Diesel Trucks land 2 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR) 16 HDDV2b Class 2b Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) 17 HDDV3 Class 3 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) 18 HDDV4 Class 4 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) 19 HDDV5 Class 5 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) 20 HDDV6 Class 6 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) 21 HDDV7 Class 7 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) 22 HDDV8a Class 8a Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) 23 HDDV8b Class 8b Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) 24 MC Motorcycles (Gasoline) 25 HDGB Gasoline Buses (School, Transit and Urban) 26 HDDBT Diesel Transit and Urban Buses 27 HDDBS Diesel School Buses 28 LDDT34 Light-Duty Diesel Trucks 3 and 4 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR) EPA guidance ("Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6 for Emission Inventory Preparation," January 2002, Section 4.1 (EPA, 2002a)) allows the use of the VMT distribution calculated by MOBILE6 to be used to disaggregate local VMT information into more disaggregate vehicle classifications. However, since MOBILE6 calculates the VMT distribution internally using vehicle counts, age distributions, annual mileage accumulation rates and diesel sales fractions, user supplied local information may affect the VMT distribution values 55 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 calculated. The most accurate reflection of local VMT is therefore obtained by first running MOBILE6 using all local inputs (if any) for: • Age distributions (registration fractions), • Annual mileage accumulation rates, • Diesel sales fractions, and • VMT mix fractions. Therefore, for each State or local area that submitted VMT with fewer than the 28 NMIM vehicle classes, EPA created MOBILE6 input files representing each unique set of the above inputs provided by a State or local agency. If none of these inputs were provided, the default MOBILE6 VMT distribution was used. Within each of these MOBILE6 input files, the DATABASE OUTPUT and AGGREGATED OUTPUT commands were used to generate database output aggregated across all hours, ages, emission types and roadway types. The POLLUTANTS command was set to NOX to restrict the output to a single pollutant to reduce duplication of the VMT results. The EVALUATION MONTH was set to "7" (July) to give a midyear VMT distribution. The CALENDAR YEAR was set to 2002. The resulting 28 VMT fractions in the MOBILE6 output files add up to one, or due to rounding, are very close. The 28 MOBILE6 vehicle classes must be mapped unambiguously to the more aggregate eight MOBILE5 or 12 SCC level vehicle types. The following table shows the mapping of the MOBILE6 classes to the eight or 12 vehicle classifications. Mapping of MOBILE6 to MOBILE5 Vehicle Classes MOBILE5 8 SCC-Level 12 Vehicle MOBILE6 MOBILE6 Vehicle Vehicle Classes Classes Vehicle Class Class Code LDGV LDGV (2201001) LDGV 1 LDGT1 LDGT1 (2201020) LDGT1 2 LDGT2 3 LDGT2 LDGT2 (2201040) LDGT3 4 LDGT4 5 HDGV HDGV (2201070) HDGV2B 6 HDGV3 7 HDGV4 8 HDGV5 9 HDGV6 10 HDGV7 11 HDGV8A 12 HDGV8B 13 HDGB 25 MC MC (2201080) MC 24 LDDV LDDV (2230001) LDDV 14 LDDT LDDT (2230060) LDDT12 15 LDDT34 28 HDDV 2BHDDV (2230071) HDDV2B 16 LHDDV (2230072) HDDV3 17 HDDV4 18 HDDV5 19 56 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Mapping of MOBILE6 to MOBILE5 Vehicle Classes MOBILE5 8 Vehicle Classes SCC-Level 12 Vehicle Classes MOBILE6 Vehicle Class MOBILE6 Vehicle Class Code MHDDV (2230073) HDDV6 20 HDDV7 21 HHDDV (2230074) HDDV8A 22 HDDV8B 23 BUS (2230075) HDDBT 26 HDDBS 27 Next, the fractions of each MOBILE5 or SCC-level vehicle type represented by each MOBILE6 class is calculated. For clarity, the calculated fractions are referred to here as "factors" and the original VMT fractions as "fractions." This factor is the MOBILE6 VMT fraction divided by the sum of all MOBILE6 VMT fractions which are mapped into that MOBILE5 or SCC-level vehicle type to which the each MOBILE6 VMT fraction belongs. For example, the representing factor for LDGV, LDDV and MC are one, since there is only one MOBILE6 vehicle class (themselves) in the corresponding MOBILE5 class in which they belong. The MOBILE6 LDGT1 fraction would be divided by the sum of the MOBILE6 LDGT1 and LDGT2 fractions, which both belong to the MOBILE5 LDGT1 category to give the LDGT1 factor. Each MOBILE6 class fraction mapped to the MOBILE5 HDDV category would be divided by the sum of the MOBILE6 fractions from all ten of the classes mapped to that MOBILE5 category. When completed, there will be 28 factors. The value of the sum of the factors within each MOBILE5 category will be one, when starting with data at the 8 MOBILE5 vehicle class level. The factors are applied to the eight VMT values corresponding to each of the eight MOBILE5 vehicle classifications or to the 12 VMT values corresponding the each of the 12 SCC-level vehicle classifications. This divides the VMT in each of the MOBILE5 or SCC-level classes to the MOBILE6 classes that make it up. When completed, the total VMT sum of all 28 vehicle classes will be the same as the total VMT sum from the original eight VMT values. Expanding State/Local VMT by Roadway Type As mentioned above, several State or local agencies supplied VMT data that was not allocated by roadway type. In these cases, EPA relied on the VMT data from the preliminary 2002 NEI to allocate the VMT by roadway type to develop ratios of VMT by roadway type for each county and vehicle type. These ratios were then used to allocate the VMT data developed as discussed above to the 12 roadway types. 3.2.2.2 Monthly Allocation The table CountyVMTMonthAllocation within the NCD provides the ability to supply NMIM with monthly temporal allocation factors. If these data are supplied, the allocation factors must be specified by the 28 vehicle types, 12 roadway types, and for each month of the year. State or local data were supplied by Delaware, Maryland, Minnesota, Utah, and Washington for these monthly temporal allocation factors. In some cases, the data supplied by the State agencies was replicated by EPA to include the appropriate coverage in NMIM. For example, if a State supplied monthly temporal allocation factors with corresponding county, road type, and month codes, but no vehicle type codes, the monthly factors were replicated so that the same data would 57 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 be provided for each vehicle type corresponding to the county, road type, and month provided by the State. The table CountyVMTMonthAllocation within the NCD contains the NMIM default values for the monthly temporal allocation factors. Annual VMT data are temporally allocated to months within the NMIM code using defaults if no data are included in the NMIM County VMTMonthAllocation table. EPA uses seasonal 1985 National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) temporal allocation factors (EPA, 1990) to apportion the VMT to the four seasons. Monthly VMT data are then obtained by using a ratio between the number of days in a month and the number of days in the corresponding season. These temporal factors are shown in Table 3-10. 58 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-9. Allocation of VMT from HPMS Vehicle Categories to MOBILE6 Vehicle Types for 2002 HPMS 2002 VMT Fractions 2002 VMT Fractions by MOBILE6 Vehicle Type RMajC, UFwyExp, MOBILE6 RMajC, UFwyExp, HPMS Vehicle ROPA, RminC, UOPA, UMinArt, UCol, Vehicle ROPA, RminC, UOPA, UMinArt, Category Rlnt RMinArt RLoc Ulnt ULoc Type Rlnt RMinArt RLoc Ulnt UCol, ULoc Passenger Cars 0.4947 0.5485 0.5622 0.5951 0.6111 LDGV 0.4939 0.5476 0.5613 0.5941 0.6101 LDDV 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 Motorcycles 0.0043 0.0037 0.0039 0.0041 0.0026 MC 0.0043 0.0037 0.0039 0.0041 0.0026 Other 2-Axle 4-Tire 0.3034 0.3474 0.3592 0.3181 0.3425 LDGT1 0.0476 0.0545 0.0564 0.0499 0.0537 Vehicles LDGT2 0.1585 0.1815 0.1876 0.1662 0.1789 LDGT3 0.0482 0.0552 0.0571 0.0505 0.0544 LDGT4 0.0222 0.0254 0.0262 0.0232 0.0250 LDDT12 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 LDDT34 0.0010 0.0011 0.0012 0.0010 0.0011 HDGV2B 0.0195 0.0223 0.0231 0.0205 0.0220 HDDV2B 0.0063 0.0072 0.0075 0.0066 0.0071 Single-Unit 2-Axle 6- 0.0312 0.0337 0.0361 0.0223 0.0216 HDGV3 0.0012 0.0013 0.0014 0.0008 0.0008 Tire or More Trucks HDGV4 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0004 0.0004 HDGV5 0.0013 0.0014 0.0015 0.0009 0.0009 HDGV6 0.0028 0.0031 0.0033 0.0020 0.0020 HDGV7 0.0013 0.0014 0.0015 0.0009 0.0009 HDDV3 0.0032 0.0034 0.0037 0.0023 0.0022 HDDV4 0.0028 0.0030 0.0032 0.0020 0.0019 HDDV5 0.0012 0.0013 0.0014 0.0009 0.0009 HDDV6 0.0068 0.0073 0.0078 0.0048 0.0047 HDDV7 0.0101 0.0109 0.0117 0.0072 0.0070 Combination Trucks 0.1630 0.0641 0.0340 0.0585 0.0206 HDGV8A 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 HDGV8B 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 HDDV8A 0.0357 0.0141 0.0075 0.0128 0.0045 HDDV8B 0.1273 0.0501 0.0265 0.0456 0.0161 Buses 0.0034 0.0025 0.0046 0.0020 0.0016 HDGB 0.0006 0.0004 0.0008 0.0003 0.0003 HDDBT 0.0011 0.0008 0.0015 0.0006 0.0005 HDDBS 0.0017 0.0013 0.0023 0.0010 0.0008 Total 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Total 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Notes: Rlnt = Rural Interstate, ROPA = Rural Other Principal Arterial, RMinArt = Rural Minor Arterial, RMajC = Rural Major Collector, RMinC = Rural Minor Collector, RLoc = Rural Local, Ulnt = Urban Interstate, UFwyExp = Urban Other Freeway and Expressway, UOPA = Urban Other Principal Arterial, UMinArt = Urban Minor Arterial, UCol = Urban Collector, ULoc = Urban Local 59 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- Table 3-10. NMIM Default VMT Seasonal and Monthly Temporal Allocation Factors Vehicle Type Roadway Seasonal VMT Factors Type Winter Spring Summer Fall LDV, LDT, MC Rural 0.2160 0.2390 0.2890 0.2560 LDV, LDT, MC Urban 0.2340 0.2550 0.2650 0.2450 HDV All 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 Monthly VMT Factors Roadway Vehicle Type Type Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec LDV, LDT, MC Rural 7.44 6.72 8.05 7.79 8.05 9.42 9.74 9.75 8.44 8.72 8.44 7.44 LDV, LDT, MC Urban 8.06 7.28 8.6 8.33 8.6 8.65 8.94 8.94 8.09 8.36 8.09 8.06 HDV All 8.62 7.78 8.42 8.15 8.42 8.15 8.42 8.42 8.24 8.52 8.24 8.62 60 Documentation National Em is ------- September 2007 3.2.3 Fuel Properties NMIM contains average gasoline, diesel and natural gas fuel properties for each month of calendar year 2002. Each county may have different fuel properties from other counties in the State, as reflected in the CountyYearMonth table of the NCD. For the 2002 draft NEI, several States provided information to update fuel properties for their counties; however for the draft version of the NEI these data were not reviewed and incorporated by EPA into NMIM. 3.2.3.1 Gasoline The same gasoline fuel properties are used for both onroad and nonroad inventories. For the preliminary NEI, gasoline fuel properties were determined by the Eastern Research Group, Inc., (ERG) under contract to EPA (ERG, 2003). The fuel properties stored in the Gasoline table include: • Average RVP • Average sulfur content • Maximum sulfur content • RVP waiver flag indicating whether a waiver has been granted to allow splash blending of alcohol-based oxygenates that allows alcohol-based oxygenated fuels to exceed the RVP requirements by up to 1 pound per square inch (psi) • Ethanol (ETOH) percent (by volume) of ethanol blended gasolines • Ethanol blend market share • MTBE (percent (by volume) of ether blended gasolines • MTBE blend market share • ETBE (Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether) percent (by volume) of ether blended gasolines • ETBE blend market share • TAME (Tertiary Amyl Methyl Ether) percent (by volume) of ether blended gasolines • TAME blend market share • Aromatic content • Olefin content • Benzene content • E200 (vapor percentage of gasoline at 200 degrees Fahrenheit) • E300 (vapor percentage of gasoline at 300 degrees Fahrenheit) • Reformulated gasoline (RFG) flag The gasoline properties were derived from several surveys including: • EPA's "Reformulated Gasoline Survey Data for 2000" (EPA, 2000) • EPA's "Oxygenated Fuel Program Summary, State Winter Oxygenated Fuel Program Requirements for Attainment or Maintenance of CO NAAQS" (EPA, 2001a) . 1999 JRW (previously NIPER) fuel survey (TRW, 1999) • 1992 Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers of America (AAMA) survey (AAMA, 1992) 61 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Market share for oxygenated gasolines was obtained from the EPA's Oxygenate Type Analysis Tables (EPA, 2001a) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA, 1999). If the MTBE percent volume content was less than 0.1 percent, MTBE content was assumed to be zero with a zero percent market share. Similarly, if the ethanol percent volume content was less than 0.1 percent, ethanol content was assumed to be zero with a zero percent market share. For any area which reported non-zero values for TAME or ETBE, the entire market share was assumed to be MTBE, since it was not possible to distinguish the market share between these specific oxygenates. All gasoline properties are area-wide averages, except for oxygenates, which are allowed to have market shares. Three fuels (winter, summer, and spring/fall) were determined for each county and assigned to months by season. Months representing seasons varied by location. Spring/fall gasoline properties were derived from summer and winter fuels by interpolation. Gasolines in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands were assumed to be similar to gasolines in Collier County, Florida. Details of how the fuel survey data were applied to individual States and counties are described in the report, "National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) Base and Future Year County Database Documentation and Quality Assurance Procedures to EPA" (ERG, 2003). 3.2.3.2 Diesel and Natural Gas For diesel fuel and natural gas, the only fuel property stored is sulfur content, in the Diesel and NaturalGas tables of the NCD, respectively. 3.2.3.2.1 Diesel Sulfur Contents for Onroad Vehicles The preliminary 2002 NEI inventory used 500 ppm diesel sulfur content for onroad vehicles in all counties. For the final 2002 NEI, OTAQ developed diesel sulfur content values for each State based on 2000 January and July diesel fuel sulfur content data obtained for a number of survey cities from the AAMA fuel surveys done each calendar year in the January and July (AAM, 2002). The January sulfur data were applied in the winter months (December, January, and February) and the July sulfur data were applied in the summer months (June, July, and August). For the remaining months, the average of the January and July sulfur content values were applied. Table 3-11 lists the diesel fuel survey cities and the 2000 winter and summer diesel sulfur values obtained for these cities, along with the spring and fall sulfur values calculated from the winter and summer data. The method for mapping fuel values follows the basic procedure that EPA developed for allocating RVP that is described in previous Trends/NEI report (EPA, 2004a). The method is based on assigning a single set of monthly fuel sulfur data to each State, either from a single survey city which represents the State or from the weighted average of nearby cities. The same set of fuel values for the State is then assigned to every county in the State in the NCD. Table 3-12 shows the weighting from each of the survey cities in a given State. Note that the diesel fuel survey includes fewer cities than the Alliance gasoline surveys. Thus, there are several surrogate city assignments from the original RVP work that have no matching surveyed 62 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 city in the diesel sulfur data. In these cases, the average values from all of the surveyed cities were used. These values are shown in Table 3-11 in the row labeled "Average US." For example, Table 3-12 shows that two of the survey cities would be mapped to Alabama—city 2 (Atlanta) gets a weight of 3 and city 16 (Average U.S.) gets a weight of 1. Therefore, Alabama's diesel sulfur would be calculated by the following equation: ((3 * Atlanta diesel sulfur content) + (1 * Average US diesel sulfur content))/(3+1) The weight numbers were originally determined based on a list that OTAQ derived which mapped Alliance survey cities to each non-attainment area in the country, as well as some additional metropolitan areas. The weight for a given survey city was determined by adding up the number of areas in the State that had that survey city mapped to it. 3.2.3.2.2 Diesel Sulfur Contents for Nonroad Vehicles For nonroad engines in the preliminary 2002 NEI inventory , a diesel sulfur content of 2700 ppm was modeled in all counties, except for California. In California, 120 ppm diesel sulfur content was assumed for nonroad engines in all counties. The 2002 preliminary nonroad inventory was based on an assumption that the diesel fuel used by all nonroad sources in a county would be the same in terms of sulfur content. The version of NMIM used for the final 2002 NEI reflects a difference in the sulfur content of diesel fuel used by recreational marine engines compared to the sulfur content of diesel fuel used by other nonroad engines in the county. Diesel sulfur values by category and by State are listed in Table 3-13. These values are based on the regulatory impact analyses performed for the Clean Air Diesel Rule (EPA, 2004c). 3.2.3.2.3 Natural Gas Sulfur Content The sulfur content of natural gas was assumed to be 30 ppm in both the preliminary and draft versions of the 2002 NEI inventories. 3.2.4 Environmental Data Environmental data are the parameters that affect emissions which are a property of the environment in which the source is operated. The environmental parameters used in the modeling of mobile sources are ambient temperature, humidity and altitude. 3.2.4.1 Temperature and Humidity MOBILE6 allows daily temperatures to be supplied as either minimum and maximum temperatures (as in MOBILE5) or as hourly average temperatures. However, since MOBILE6 calculates emissions separately for each hour of the day, user supplied minimum and maximum temperatures are used to internally derive hourly temperatures, using a default diurnal temperature profile, for use by MOBILE6. MOBILE6 also allows the entry of hourly relative humidity levels. The NOx emission results from MOBILE6 are sensitive to humidity levels, and 63 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-11. Survey Cities and 2000 Diesel Sulfur Values Survey City Index 2000 Diesel Fuel Sulfur Content (ppm) Survey City Winter Summer Fall and Spring 1 Albuquerque, NM 330 300 315 2 Atlanta, GA 340 400 370 4 Billings, MT 330 300 315 5 Boston, MA 340 400 370 6 Chicago, IL 350 400 375 7 Cleveland, OH 320 300 310 9 Denver, CO 360 400 380 10 Detroit, Ml 350 400 375 11 Kansas City, MO 370 400 385 13 Los Angeles, CA 120 100 110 14 Miami, FL 360 400 380 15 Minneapolis/St. Paul 290 300 295 17 New York City, NY 340 300 320 18 Philadelphia, PA 280 300 290 21 San Antonio, TX 400 300 350 23 Seattle, WA 300 300 300 24 St. Louis, MO 320 300 310 All others Average US 324 329 326 Table 3-12. City Mapping and Weights for Diesel Sulfur State Abbreviation State FIPS City Index Weight AL 1 2 3 AL 1 16 1 AK 2 26 2 AZ 4 19 1 AR 5 24 1 CA 6 13 5 CO 8 9 5 CT 9 5 2 CT 9 17 1 DE 10 18 2 DC 11 25 1 FL 12 14 3 GA 13 2 2 HI 15 27 1 ID 16 4 1 ID 16 23 1 IL 17 6 1 IL 17 24 1 IL 17 24 1 64 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-12 (continued) State Abbreviation State FIPS City Index Weight IN 18 6 1 IN 18 7 7 IA 19 15 1 KS 20 11 1 KY 21 2 1 KY 21 6 1 KY 21 7 6 KY 21 24 1 KY 21 28 1 LA 22 16 3 ME 23 5 6 ME 23 28 1 MD 24 18 2 MD 24 25 2 MA 25 5 5 Ml 26 10 4 MN 27 15 2 MS 28 24 1 MO 29 11 1 MO 29 24 1 MT 30 4 2 NE 31 11 1 NE 31 15 1 NV 32 12 1 NV 32 22 1 NH 33 5 3 NJ 34 17 1 NJ 34 18 2 NJ 34 28 1 NM 35 1 1 NY 36 17 2 NY 36 28 7 NC 37 2 5 ND 38 15 1 OH 39 7 10 OH 39 10 1 OH 39 28 1 OK 40 11 1 OK 40 24 1 OR 41 22 2 OR 41 23 2 PA 42 7 2 PA 42 18 2 PA 42 28 8 65 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-12 (continued) State Abbreviation State FIPS City Index Weight Rl 44 5 1 SC 45 2 5 SD 46 15 1 TN 47 2 4 TN 47 24 1 TX 48 1 1 TX 48 16 2 TX 48 16 2 TX 48 21 1 UT 49 9 2 VT 50 15 1 VA 51 2 2 VA 51 25 3 WA 53 23 4 WV 54 7 4 WV 54 28 3 Wl 55 6 4 Wl 55 15 7 WY 56 4 1 WY 56 9 1 PR 72 14 1 VI 78 14 1 Table 3-13. Nonroad Diesel Sulfur Levels by Category and by State State Land-Based Diesel Equipment Fuel Sulfur Level, PPm Recreational Marine Diesel Equipment Fuel Sulfur Level, ppm Alaska 2570 2570 California 120 120 Hawaii 2381 2421 All Other States 2457 2765 66 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 hourly humidity levels are the most accurate way to represent daily humidity. Therefore, NMIM requires that each county have both hourly average temperatures and hourly relative humidity values for each month of the year. Temperature and relative humidity are linked, since the value of relative humidity is in units of percent, which depends on the temperature. The NCD contains a full set of default hourly average temperatures and hourly relative humidity values for each county for each month. These temperature and humidity values were derived from raw measurement data obtained from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The NCDC data were obtained from stations of all classifications, including First-Order (National Weather Service), Second-Order (both Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) and Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS)), and cooperative (local). Population centroids (latitude and longitude) for each county were obtained from the 2000 U.S. Census. Population, rather than geographic, centroids were used to provide a reasonable estimate of where the county's vehicle miles traveled and nonroad activity would be concentrated. From each county's centroid, EPA calculated the distance and direction to each weather station. The distance was computed using the standard great circle navigation method and the constant course direction was computed using the standard rhumb line method. A rhumb line is a line on a sphere that cuts all meridians at the same angle; for example, the path taken by a ship or plane that maintains a constant compass direction. For each of the eight compass directions (octant), the stations were sorted by distance. The station closest to the centroid for each octant was chosen for further processing. If the closest station was more than 200 miles away, that octant was ignored. (Such situations occurred near the oceans and the along the Canadian and Mexican borders.) The temperatures from these eight (or fewer) stations were then averaged together using inverse-distance weighting to produce an average county temperature for each hour of the day. Relative humidity is a calculated value that depends on both temperature and dew point. Average hourly dew points were computed employing the same octal search, inverse-distance weighting scheme as used for temperature. The relative humidity was then computed from the resulting hourly temperature and dew point pairs. The daily temperature and dew point averages for each hour were then used to calculate adjusted monthly averages for each hour. Because minimum and maximum temperatures occur at different hours each day, the minimum of the hourly averages will be higher than the average of the daily minima, and the daily maximum of the hourly averages will be lower than the average of the daily maxima. To avoid this narrowing of the daily temperature range, the monthly average of hourly temperatures was assumed to capture the daily temporal pattern and was mathematically stretched so that the low temperature equaled the monthly average of the daily minima and the high temperature equals the monthly average of the daily maxima, producing a set of monthly average hourly temperatures consistent with the maximum and minimum values. Not all stations record hourly temperature values, so the subset of the stations which do record hourly temperatures was used to determine the initial average temperatures in each hour for each month. The same procedure was applied to the dewpoint values. An adjusted monthly average hourly 67 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 relative humidity was then calculated from the adjusted monthly average hourly temperatures and dewpoints. The stretching algorithm used to produce the adjusted hourly temperatures and dewpoints using the maximum, minimum and hourly values is shown here: T = MinT + (t-mint)* [ (MaxT-MinT)/(maxt-mint)] D = MinD + (d-mind) * [ (MaxD-MinD)/(maxd-mind) ] where: T t MaxT MinT maxt mint D d MaxD MinD maxd mind The adjusted monthly average temperature for an hour in a month. The average temperature for an hour in the month calculated from the hourly point measurements taken at a fixed time each hour at some stations. The monthly average daily maximum temperature using all daily maximum (peak) temperature reading from all stations. The monthly average daily minimum temperature using all daily minimum (peak) temperature reading from all stations. The maximum monthly average hourly temperature calculated from the maximum hourly point measurements taken at a fixed time each hour at some stations. The minimum monthly average hourly temperature calculated from the minimum hourly point measurements taken at a fixed time each hour at some stations. The adjusted monthly average dewpoint for an hour in a month. The average dewpoint for an hour in the month. The monthly average daily maximum dewpoint. The monthly average daily minimum dewpoint. The maximum monthly average hourly dewpoint. The minimum monthly average hourly dewpoint. The determination of the default NMIM temperature and relative humidity values is discussed in more detail in the report, "Derivation of By-Month, By-County, By-Hour Temperature and Relative Humidity with Monthly Data," by Air Improvement Resources, Inc. (AIR, 2004). EPA is confident that in most cases the default temperature and humidity values calculated from the NCDC data will be the best values to use in the inventory calculations for each county. However, EPA recognizes that there are circumstances under which these generic methods may not provide the best estimate of temperature and humidity values for a county. These circumstances include: The use of more local temperature and humidity measurements that are not provided to the NCDC. Physical characteristics of the county (such as sea shores, valleys and sudden changes in altitude) which make the centroid interpolation methodology used by EPA inappropriate. 68 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 In these cases, temperature and humidity values determined by S/L/T agencies may provide better estimates of temperatures and humidity values. 3.2.4.2 Altitude and Barometric Pressure MOBILE6 can calculate separate emission rates for high- and low-altitude regions. Low-altitude emission factors are based on conditions representative of approximately 500 feet above mean sea level. High-altitude factors are based on conditions representative of approximately 5,500 feet above mean sea level. When high-altitude region emission factors are requested, MOBILE6 also includes vehicles that were built to meet specific high-altitude emission standards. The NCD contains an indication for each county as to whether the county should be modeled as a high altitude area. The NCD assumes that all counties in Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah (except Washington County) are high altitude areas. When relative humidity inputs are used in MOBILE6, the user supplied relative humidity values are converted to absolute humidity for use in adjustment equations. This conversion requires values of temperature and barometric pressure. The barometric pressure is provided as a single value in inches of mercury, with valid values between 13.0 and 33.0 inches of mercury. The NCD has a barometric pressure value for each county. The average barometric pressure value for each county was calculated for calendar year 2002 using the same octal-search, inverse-distance-squared scheme used to estimate the temperature values (see Section 3.2.4.1). All available NCDC stations were used, which included 1st and 2nd Order, AWOS, and ASOS stations. All barometric values averaged were station (actual) pressures, NOT sea level adjusted pressures. In mountainous terrain, the station pressure can vary considerably over relatively short distances due to elevation variations. Therefore, the values supplied should be used with caution in those areas. 3.2.5 Nonroad-Specific Parameters Temperature and fuel parameters are shared by the onroad and nonroad inventory estimates and are addressed in sections 3.2.3 and 3.2.4. However, the NCD also contains fields that may be populated with the file names of external data files containing State or county data specific to nonroad. If alternate data files are not provided, NMIM uses the default NONROAD model data files. The NONROAD external data files include: • Activity rates (including annual hours of use and load factor) • Temporal (monthly and daily) allocations • Source populations. • Growth indexes • Geographic allocations by equipment category Many of the nonroad specific parameters are contained in the NONROAD model itself as defaults. These values may change with different versions. The preliminary 2002 NEI results used the draft 2002a version of the NONROAD model. The final 2002 NEI used the 2004n version of NONROAD. Default values were used for all nonroad specific parameters in the preliminary results. Default values were also used for nonroad specific parameters in the draft results, except where changes were submitted by S/L/T agencies. Table 3-14 details the changes provided by S/L/T agencies for use in NMIM for the final 2002 NEI. 69 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 3-14. Nonroad Specific Parameters Provided by State State Description File Type Colorado Oil production equipment allocations. oil Delaware Airport equipment allocations. air Delaware Golf equipment allocations. gc Delaware Household allocations. hou Delaware Logging equipment allocations. log Delaware Source populations. pop Delaware Recreational vehicle park allocations. rvp Illinois Nonroad activity act Illinois Growth rates. grw Illinois Source populations. pop Illinois Seasonal allocations. sea Illinois Inboard watercraft allocations. wib Illinois Outboard watercraft allocations. wob Indiana Nonroad activity act Indiana Growth rates. grw Indiana Source populations. pop Indiana Seasonal allocations. sea Indiana Inboard watercraft allocations. wib Indiana Outboard watercraft allocations. wob Iowa Nonroad activity act Iowa Source populations. pop Iowa Seasonal allocations. sea Iowa Inboard watercraft allocations. wib Iowa Outboard watercraft allocations. wob Michigan Nonroad activity act Michigan Growth rates. grw Michigan Source populations. pop Michigan Seasonal allocations. sea Michigan Inboard watercraft allocations. wib Michigan Outboard watercraft allocations. wob Minnesota Nonroad activity act Minnesota Growth rates. grw Minnesota Seasonal allocations. sea Minnesota Snowmobile allocations. snm Minnesota Inboard watercraft allocations. wib Minnesota Outboard watercraft allocations. wob Ohio Nonroad activity act Ohio Growth rates. grw Ohio Source populations. pop Ohio Seasonal allocations. sea Ohio Inboard watercraft allocations. wib Ohio Outboard watercraft allocations. wob Rhode Island Source populations. pop Washington Inboard watercraft allocations. wib Washington Outboard watercraft allocations. wob Wisconsin Nonroad activity act Wisconsin Growth rates. grw Wisconsin Source populations. pop Wisconsin Seasonal allocations. sea Wisconsin Inboard watercraft allocations. wib Wisconsin Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 70 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 3.2.6 Onroad Local Emission Control Programs The following sections discuss several different onroad control programs that are modeled in MOBILE6/NMIM. These include inspection and maintenance, anti-tampering, low emitting vehicle, and refueling emission control (i.e., Stage II) programs. 3.2.6.1 Inspection and Maintenance Programs MOBILE6 and NMIM account for local periodic inspection programs to identify and repair vehicles in need of emission related repairs, typically known as inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs. State and local agencies may supply an improved description of their I/M program. See Section 6.0 of the report, "Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation" for a discussion of I/M programs (EPA, 2004d). MOBILE6 allows the description of the I/M program to be stored in an external ASCII text file, rather than included in the input command file, using the I/M DESC FILE command. I/M programs may require additional external data files which contain emission cutpoints used for IM240 tailpipe emission inspections. NMIM uses these files in the same format as used by MOBILE6. For the 2002 final NEI, the I/M program data submitted by State or local agencies to reflect improvements to I/M programs are discussed in section 2.3.4 of this document.. 3.2.6.2 Anti-Tampering Programs Anti-tampering programs may be implemented by States or local areas, which involve periodic inspections to visually identify and repair vehicles with disabled emission control systems. Where they exist, MOBILE6 and the NCD account for these local programs. Section 6.12 of the report, "Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation" also discusses anti-tampering programs (EPA, 2004d). Anti-tampering program information is provided to MOBILE6 using the ANTI-TAMP PROG command. NMIM uses this information in the same format as used by MOBILE6, however, it is stored in an external ASCII text file, rather than included in the input command file. The external ASCII file may also contain comment records that comply with MOBILE6 rules. One or more counties in the following States were modeled with an anti-tampering program in the 2002 final NEI: Arizona, Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Virginia. 3.2.6.3 Low Emitting Vehicle Programs MOBILE6 already accounts for the federal national LEV program as part of the federal motor vehicle emission compliance program. Some States have implemented an accelerated phase in for LEV vehicles, and these local programs are accounted for in the NCD. State and local agencies may supply an accelerated phase in for LEV vehicles or information to reflect improvements to their programs. Section 7.4.1 of the report, "Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation" addresses phase in for LEV vehicles (EPA, 2004d). 71 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The phase in for LEV vehicles is provided to MOBILE6 using an external ASCII text file using the 94+ LDG IMP command. NMIM uses this file in the same format as used by MOBILE6. For the final 2002 NEI, no State or local agencies submitted additional information to reflect an alternate phase in for LEV vehicles. 3.2.6.4 Refueling Emission Control Programs Stage II Gasoline Distribution encompasses the refueling of a vehicle at a gasoline service station. According to the Clean Air Act, Section 182, areas with ozone nonattainment classifications greater than Moderate were required to install vapor recovery systems at these service stations. If installed and inspected annually, a minimum of 86 percent reduction percentage can be applied to estimated emissions using uncontrolled emission factors. The default emissions percentage is from the Control Techniques Guidance for Stage II Vapor Recovery (EPA, 1991). A list of counties with this regulation imposed were identified for the 1999 NEI via a literature search, and is found in Table E-2 of Appendix E of the "Documentation for the Final 1999 Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants (Version 3)" (EPA, 2003c). This list was used as the basis for the list of counties used for the 2002 NEI. A copy of the list was sent to each of the ten EPA Regional offices for verification. The changes suggested by the EPA Regions are listed below. 1. Add all Vermont counties. 2. Remove Shelby County (TN). 3. Remove Kent and Queen Anne's Counties (MD). 4. Add Berks County (PA). 5. Remove all Colorado counties. 6. Remove all Utah counties. 7. Remove Maricopa County (AZ). 8. Remove Amador, Calaveras, Colusa, Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Lassen, Mariposa, Mendocino, Modoc, Siskiyou, Tehama and Trinity Counties (CA). 9. Remove Thurston County (WA). 10. Add Kitsap, King and Snohomish Counties (WA). 11. Add Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington Counties (OR). While compiling the list of applicable counties for the 1999 NEI, 14 States listed vapor recovery emission reduction percentages in their State regulations greater than the default value. New York provided a 90 percent reduction for ten counties, while the remaining 13 States provided a 95 percent reduction for 153 counties. The remaining 116 counties that have Stage II controls either listed 86 percent as their reduction percentage or did not provide a reduction percentage (in which case the 86 percent reduction was used as a default). New Jersey provided revisions to the 86 percent reduction effectiveness for the 2002 final NEI of 62 percent and 77 percent, respectively. All of the counties added for the 2002 NEI assume 86 percent effectiveness, unless other counties in that State already exist and have effectiveness values greater than 86 percent. In these cases, the added counties take on the effectiveness of the other counties in the State. For purposes of MOBILE6 modeling of Stage II controls, all counties were assumed to be completely phased in by calendar year 2002 and that the effectiveness for Stage II was the same for gasoline fueled light duty and heavy duty vehicles. 72 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table A-l of Appendix A lists the resulting 274 counties with their assumed effectiveness (refueling vapor loss emission reduction) values as used in the 2002 final NEI. 3.2.7 Onroad Fleet and Activity Fleet and activity data refer to those parameters in the model which describe the type of vehicles assumed in the fleet and their use by vehicle owners which impacts the calculation of emissions from these sources. References to MOBILE6 in this section apply to NMIM as well, since MOBILE6 is the underlying model in NMIM for onroad sources. Most of the onroad fleet and activity information used in the NEI inventory are in the format specified by MOBILE6. There are default values for all of the fleet and activity parameters in the MOBILE6 model based on national averages and no input of these parameters is required to run the model. However, alternate values which are more representative of the local fleet and local fleet activity may be provided. More information about the scope and format of these alternate values are contained in the document, "User's Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2, Mobile Source Emission Factor Model" (EPA, 2003b). Guidance on how to obtain these values is contained in the report "Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation" (EPA, 2004d). 3.2.7.1 Age Distribution A typical vehicle fleet includes a mix of vehicles of different ages. MOBILE6 covers a 25-year range of vehicle ages, with vehicles 25 years and older grouped together. If no alternate data are supplied, MOBILE6 will use a set of default values for these distributions. The technical report, "Fleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6" (EPA, 2001b), describes how these default values were derived. MOBILE6 allows the user to specify the fraction of vehicles in each of 25 vehicle ages for each of the 16 vehicle classes (combined gasoline and diesel) in the model. This requires that an external data file be provided containing the alternate values. The NMIM model runs for the NEI all used the default MOBILE6 registration distribution, except where alternate distributions were provided by S/L/T agencies. Age distributions were provided for at least some counties in Arizona, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. Table A-2 of Appendix A indicates which counties used default distributions and which counties used S/L/T supplied distributions. To determine whether the default MOBILE6 registration distribution would be appropriate to apply in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, data available from Puerto Rico listing new vehicle sales and the total number of vehicle registrations, both by model year, was examined and compared to national trends in the United States. Table A-3 in Appendix A has the 25-year trend of vehicle sales and registrations in Puerto Rico. 73 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Based on comparisons made between this list and the national trend, and without more specific data, it was determined that the default MOBILE6 registration distribution would sufficiently represent Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 3.2.7.2 Diesel Sales Fractions Within any vehicle class, diesel and gasoline vehicles have distinctly different emission rates. Diesel fractions allow the model to separate gasoline and diesel vehicles within a vehicle class. MOBILE6 includes default diesel sales fractions for 14 of the 16 composite vehicle classes - all except urban/transit buses, which are assumed to be all diesel-fueled, and motorcycles, which are assumed to be all gasoline-fueled. MOBILE6 projects future diesel fractions as constant beginning with the 1996 model year. Users can enter alternative diesel fractions for these 14 vehicle classes for each of 25 vehicle ages in any calendar year. The derivation of the default diesel sales fractions is found in the report "Fleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6" (EPA, 2001b). The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding diesel sales fractions by model year and vehicle type, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Diesel sales fractions were provided for at least some counties in Arizona, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Texas and Virginia. Table A-4 presents the counties for which alternate diesel sales fractions were provided. 3.2.7.3 Average Speeds MOBILE6 uses VMT distribution over preselected average speed ranges. MOBILE6 calculates these distributions for each of the 24 hours of the day and for freeways and arterials (producing 48 separate distributions, each containing 14 fractions). The data in this array only specify the average speeds on the roadway types at a particular time of day. The data do not affect either the hourly VMT distribution or the VMT distributions by facility type. NMIM does not use the default average speed distributions found in MOBILE6. Instead a separate single average speed is used, depending on the vehicle class and roadway type. Every combination of vehicle class grouping and roadway type does not have an independent average speed estimate. There are four MOBILE6 roadway types: freeways, arterials, locals, and freeway ramps. The 12 roadway types shown in Table A-5 were assigned to one of these MOBILE6 roadway types based on EPA guidance. The MOBILE6 freeway roadway type was assigned to rural interstates, urban interstates, and urban other freeways and expressways. Each roadway assigned to the MOBILE6 freeway roadway type also assume that the average speed includes the effects of freeway ramps and that ramps account for 8 percent of travel on these roadways. The MOBILE6 arterial roadway type was assigned to rural other principal arterials, rural minor arterials, rural major collectors, rural minor collectors, rural locals, urban other principal arterials, urban minor arterials, and urban collectors. Urban local roadways are modeled using the "Local" roadway category of MOBILE6, with an average speed of 12.9 mph. The average speed of this roadway type cannot be varied, since the emission factors modeled on the MOBILE6 local roadway type do not vary by average speed. The groupings of vehicle class groups and roadway types is explained in more detail in Section 3.1 above. 74 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The default average speeds represent the average speeds that had been modeled nationally in prior years of the Trends analysis. Table A-5 shows the default average speed used for each of the 12 roadway types for each of the vehicle class groupings for the final 2002 NEI. The final 2002 NEI used the same set of average speeds for each roadway type and vehicle class grouping, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Average speed information was provided for at least some counties in Delaware, District of Columbia, Iowa, Maryland, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, Utah, and Virginia. Table A-6 presents the counties for which alternate average speed distributions were provided. 3.2.7.4 Annual Mileage Accumulation Rates The annual mileage accumulation rate represents the total annual travel accumulated per vehicle of a given age and individual vehicle class. Vehicles accumulate mileage at different rates depending on the type and age of the vehicle. Trucks tend to be driven more miles per year than cars. Older vehicles tend to be driven fewer miles per year than newer ones. Annual mileage accumulation affects the rate at which vehicle emission controls deteriorate and affect the relative emissions contributions of newer and older vehicles to fleet emissions. Vehicles with higher total mileage accumulation will tend to have higher emission rates, however, older vehicles tend to travel fewer miles each year. Annual mileage accumulation rates are also used in MOBILE6 to determine the daily vehicle miles traveled per vehicle. This estimate is used to convert daily emissions in grams per day from engine starts, hot soaks, diurnal losses, resting losses and refueling to units of grams per mile of vehicle travel. The derivation of the default annual mileage accumulation rates is found in the report, "Fleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6" (EPA, 2001b). The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding annual mileage accumulation rates by model year and vehicle class, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Only the State of New York provided alternate annual mileage accumulation rates for use in NMIM. 3.2.7.5 Trips Per Day The nearly uncontrolled exhaust emissions that occur immediately after a cold engine start can account for a significant fraction of the emissions that occur during a vehicle trip. There will be at least one engine start for each vehicle trip, so this parameter is also called starts per day. Only light duty vehicles (passenger cars), light duty trucks and motorcycles account for engine starts separately in MOBILE6. The emission rates for heavy duty vehicles and buses include the effects of engine starts and the number of engine starts and the soak time distribution cannot be changed by the user for these vehicle classes. The derivation of the default values for the number of vehicle trips per day is found in the report "Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions" (EPA, 2002b). Although MOBILE6 allows the number of trips per day to vary by vehicle age, all default values are the same for all vehicle ages. 75 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding vehicle trips per day rates by vehicle class. No changes for light duty vehicles, light duty trucks or motorcycles were submitted by S/L/T agencies. 3.2.7.6 Trip Length Distribution Fuel evaporation occurs during trips due to the heating of the fuel system, especially including the fuel tank. These emissions are affected by the length of time the vehicle has been in operation. Longer trips mean more evaporative running loss emissions due to increased fuel system temperatures. Only gasoline fueled vehicles (not including motorcycles) are affected by the distribution of trip lengths in MOBILE6. Diesel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are assumed to have negligible evaporative running loss emissions. The derivation of the default values for the trip length distributions is found in the report "Trip Length Activity Factors for Running Loss and Exhaust Running Emissions" (EPA, 2001c). The same distribution of vehicle trip lengths is used for all vehicle classes for all hours of the day, for both weekdays and weekend days. The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default weekday MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the trip length distributions, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Trip length data were provided for at least some counties in District of Columbia, Maryland, Texas, and Virginia. Table A-7 lists the counties for which alternate trip length distributions were provided. 3.2.7.7 Hourly Distribution of Engine Starts MOBILE6 distributes the daily number of engine starts across the hours of the day. The same distribution is used for all vehicle classes, although there are different distributions for weekdays and weekend days. Only light duty vehicles (passenger cars), light duty trucks and motorcycles account for engine starts separately. The emission rates for heavy duty vehicles and buses include engine starts and these emission rates are not affected by changes in the distribution of engine starts across the hours of the day. The derivation of the default values for the distribution of engine starts across the hours of the day is found in the report "Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions" (EPA, 2002b). The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default weekday MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the distribution of engine starts across the hours of the day, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Only the State of New York provided an alternate hourly distribution of engine starts. 3.2.7.8 Hourly Distribution of Vehicle Miles Traveled MOBILE6 distributes the estimate for daily vehicle miles traveled across the hours of the day. There are separate distributions for the freeway, arterial/collector and local roadway classifications. The same distribution is used for all vehicle classes, although there are different distributions for weekdays and weekend days. 76 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The derivation of the default values for the distribution of vehicle miles traveled across the hours of the day is found in the report "Development of Methodology for Estimating VMT Weighting by Facility Type" (EPA, 200Id). The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default weekday MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the distribution of vehicle miles traveled across the hours of the day, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Hourly distributions for daily vehicle miles traveled were provided for at least some counties in Illinois, New York, Texas, and Utah. Table A-8 lists the counties which provided alternate distributions for vehicle miles traveled across the hours of the day. 3.2.7.9 Soak Time Distribution Soak time is defined as the time between when the engine is turned off to the next time it is restarted. The soak time can have a significant effect on the emissions associated with an engine start. MOBILE6 contains default values for the distribution of the soak times before an engine start by hour of the day. The same soak time distributions are applied to all vehicle classes and all vehicle ages. Only light duty vehicles (passenger cars), light duty trucks and motorcycles account for engine starts separately. The emission rates for heavy duty vehicles and buses include engine starts and changing the soak time distribution does not affect their emissions. The derivation of the default values for the distribution of vehicle miles traveled across the hours of the day is found in the report "Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions" (EPA, 2002b). The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding soak times by hour of the day. No changes for light duty vehicles, light duty trucks or motorcycles were submitted by S/L/T agencies. 3.2.7.10 Diurnal Activity Distribution While the engine is shut down (key off) and during times of day when the ambient temperature is rising, fuel vapors will be driven off the vehicle from the increasing temperature of the fuel in the tank and other locations on the vehicle. The ability of the vehicle emission control components to adsorb these vapors depends on how long the vehicle has been subjected to diurnal emission generation. The resulting hydrocarbon losses are referred to as diurnal emissions. If the vehicle is restarted, the active emission control systems begin again and the full diurnal effect is interrupted, resulting in fewer diurnal emissions. MOBILE6 contains default values for the distribution of the diurnal soak time by hour of the day. Only gasoline fueled vehicles are affected by the diurnal soak activity. Diesel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are assumed to have negligible diurnal evaporative emissions. The same distribution of diurnal soak times is used for all vehicle classes. The derivation of the default values for the distribution of diurnal soak activity across the hours of the day is found in the report, "Soak Length Activity Factors for Diurnal Emissions" (EPA, 200 le). 77 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the distribution of evaporative diurnal activity. No changes were submitted by S/L/T agencies. 3.2.7.11 Hot Soak Distribution Immediately after an engine is shut down (key off), while the engine is still hot, fuel vapors in the intake manifold and other locations in the fuel system are driven off the vehicle by the heat of the engine. These hydrocarbon losses are referred to as hot soak emissions. If the vehicle is restarted, the active emission control systems begin again and the full hot soak effect is interrupted, resulting in fewer hot soak emissions. MOBILE6 contains default values for the distribution of the hot soak time after an engine shut down by hour of the day. The actual number of hot soaks that occur is a function of the number of engine starts per day that occur. Changing the number of engine starts per day will automatically change the number of hot soaks in a day. The number of engine starts (trips) per day is discussed in Section 3.2.7.5 above. Only gasoline fueled vehicles are affected by the hot soak activity. Diesel vehicles and natural gasoline vehicles are assumed to have negligible hot soak evaporative emissions. The same distribution of hot soak times is used for all vehicle classes. The derivation of the default values for the distribution of the hot soak time by hour of the day is found in the report, "Soak Length Activity Factors for Hot Soak Emissions" (EPA, 200If). The final 2002 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the distribution of hot soak times. No changes were submitted by S/L/T agencies. 3.2.8 NMIM Toxic Emission Factors The hazardous air pollutants for which inventories are produced by NMIM are listed in Table 3-4 above. The "six HAPs" are produced internally by MOBILE6. In all other cases, as indicated in the "Pollutants" section above, HAP inventories were generated by ratios to various MOBILE6 and NONROAD outputs. HAPs are estimated using data sources and methods developed for the 1999 NEI for HAPs, version 3 (EPA, 2003d; EPA, 2004a), with some modifications, described below. NMIM does not estimate HAP emissions for CNG engines. HAPs are estimated in NMIM using one of three approaches: 1. Gaseous HAPs - Apply toxic to VOC ratios to VOC estimates. 2. Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Apply toxic to PM10 ratios to PM10 estimates. 3. Metals, Dioxins and Furans - For NONROAD, multiply HAP gram per gallon emission factors by county level fuel consumption estimates. For MOBILE6, multiply HAP gram per mile emission factors by county level VMT estimates. 78 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 The NCD SCCToxics table provides a complete listing of toxic ratios and emission factors for all SCCs and fuel combinations. The above approaches are described in more detail in the following sections. 3.2.8.1 Gaseous HAPs NMIM uses the toxic to VOC ratios described in the documentation for the 1999 NEI for HAPs, version 3, and summarized in Volume 1, Appendix D, Table 1 (EPA, 2003d). Separate ratios are used for evaporative and exhaust emissions for each of the following four categories of gasoline blends: 1. Baseline Gasoline. All cases that do not fall into categories 2-4 below. Ratios are in variables "ExhBaseGas" and "EvapBaseGas" in the SCCToxics table. 2. WO (Winter Oxygenate) Gasoline/ETBE - used where the fuel contains ethanol which is greater than or equal to 5 percent by volume or ETBE greater than or equal to 5 percent by volume. Ratios are in variables "ExhEthGas" and "EvapEthGas" in the SCCToxics table. 3. WO Gasoline/ethanol or MTBE/TAME - used where the fuel contains MTBE which is greater than or equal to 12 percent by volume or TAME greater than or equal to 13 percent by volume. Ratios are in variables "ExhMTBEGas" and "EvapMTBEGas" in the SCCToxics table. 4. RFG/MTBE/TAME - Used where the fuel is RFG and where the fuel contains oxygenate greater than 5 percent by volume and where the fuel contains MTBE which is less than 12 percent by volume or TAME less than 13 percent by volume. Ratios are in variables "ExhRFGGas" and "EvapRFGGas" in the SCCToxics table. It should be noted that NMIM uses a different set of criteria to determine which toxic to VOC ratios to use than that used in the 1999 NEI final version 3 for HAPs. In the 1999 NEI inventory, ratios for different fuel types were weighted according to whether the county participated in the Federal or California Reformulated Gasoline Program or a winter oxygenated fuel program, and the percentage of the year the county participated in these programs. For example, if a county participated in the Federal Reformulated Gasoline Program for 4 months, the RFG/MTBE/ TAME fraction would be weighted by a factor of 0.33, and the baseline fraction by 0.67 to develop a composite annual fraction, which would then be applied to VOC. This approach does not adequately account for reformulated and oxygenated gasoline use outside counties participating in the program, or use outside the fuel program season. One result is an underestimate of the nonroad MTBE inventory. Thus, when comparing the unofficial NMIM 1999 estimates with those of the 1999 NEI, NMIM estimates for 1999 result in substantially higher nationwide MTBE than those in the 1999 NEI for HAPs. In some cases, HAP profiles for specific nonroad equipment and engine type combinations are available. However, for many equipment/engine type combinations, no speciation data are available. In such instances, default values for 2-stroke gasoline engines, 4-stroke gasoline engines, and diesel engines are used. These default values represent an average fraction for various equipment types within an engine category. 79 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 3.2.8.2 PAHs All PAHs emitted in exhaust are estimated as fractions of PM10, although the data used to calculate mass ratios includes both gas and particle phase PAH emissions. The data used to develop the PAH fractions are described in the documentation for the 1999 NEI for HAPs. Evaporative naphthalene emissions from on-road vehicles is estimated as a fraction of VOC. NMIM does not currently estimate evaporative naphthalene emissions for nonroad equipment. 3.2.8.3 Metals, Dioxins, and Furans For metals, dioxins, and furans, NMIM estimates on-road emissions using g/mile emission factors developed for the 1999 NEI for HAPs, version 3. The approach used by NMIM to estimate nonroad county-level metal emissions differs in a number of respects from the approach used in the 1999 NEI for HAPs, version 3. In the 1999 NEI, nationwide metal emissions for gasoline engines were obtained by applying a mass per gallon emission factor by nationwide gasoline consumption from the NONROAD model. For diesel engines, a mass per brake-horsepower emission factor was multiplied by nationwide energy output. The resultant nationwide emission estimates were then spatially allocated to counties relative to the county proportion of PM10 emissions compared to the national PM10 emissions, as obtained from the NONROAD model. In contrast, NMIM multiplies mass per gallon emission factors for gasoline engines by county level fuel consumption to obtain a county level inventory estimate. For diesel engines, mass per brake horsepower emission factors were converted to mass per gallon emission factors using the following equation: grams per gallon = (micrograms per brake-horsepower hour (ijg/bhphr) * average fuel density (lb/gallon))/fuel consumption per brake-horsepower hour (lb fuel/bhphr)*1,000,000 where: average fuel density =7.01 lb/gal fuel consumption per brake horsepower hour = 0.408 lb for engines less than 100 hp = 0.367 lb for engines greater than 100 hp The fuel consumption per brake horsepower hour estimates are from the NONROAD model (EPA, 2002c). The gram per gallon metal emission factors for gasoline and diesel engines are contained in the NCD SCCToxics table. Mass per gallon emission factors for dioxins and furans from nonroad engines were calculated by multiplying the on-road vehicle emission factors in grams per mile by fleet average fuel economy estimates. The assumed fuel economy for gasoline vehicles was 21.5 miles per gallon; for diesel vehicles it was 7 miles per gallon. Resulting gram per gallon emission factors are contained in the NCD SCCToxics table. 3.2.8.4 Revisions to NMIM Toxic Emission Factors EPA also made some revisions to the NMIM toxic emission factors used for the preliminary 2002 NEI. There is no physical reason why evaporating gasoline would differ by SCC 80 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 classification. However, factors for toxic compounds from evaporating gasoline for onroad and nonroad sources often came from different sources. The following changes were made for the final 2002 NEI to make the estimates for toxic compounds from evaporating gasoline consistent across SCCs. • There were two different factors for 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane from evaporative gasoline. The factor used for LDV was applied to all SCCs. • There were no factors for onroad Benzene in the table. The nonroad factors were applied to onroad as well, although MOBILE6 actually generates the benzene emissions and does not use the table. • There were no factors for Naphthalene from evaporative gasoline for nonroad. The factor for onroad was applied to all nonroad SCCs. • There were two different factors for Ethyl Benzene, Hexane, Toluene, and Xylene from evaporative gasoline. The factor for onroad for these pollutants was applied to all nonroad SCCs as well. The SCCToxics table also had several small errors in the factors used to generate toxic emission rates from HC results. These were corrected to produce the values listed in Table 3-15. Table 3-15. Updates to the SCCToxics Factors Evaporative Emissions (All SCCs) Pollutant Code Toxic Compound Base Gasoline Gasoline with Ethanol Gasoline with MTBE Reformulated Gasoline 540841 2,2,4-T rimethylpentane 0.0157667 0.0157667 0.0157667 0.0157667 71432 Benzene 0.0220 0.01254 0.01584 0.01584 100414 Ethyl Benzene 0.0077 0.0045 0.0063 0.0063 110543 Hexane 0.0234 0.0096 0.0087 0.0087 91203 Naphthalene 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 108883 Toluene 0.0413 0.0195 0.0276 0.0276 1330207 Xylene 0.0223 0.0119 0.0188 0.0188 3.2.9 Quality Assurance (QA) Procedures The NCD was compiled using default data augmented with State data provided for the June 2004 CERR submittal in Access format. These data were reviewed and many of the data elements were checked using a quality assurance program developed specifically for the NCD. This quality assurance program includes a table in Microsoft Access (called tblQADefinitions) listing the data elements to be checked from the following NCD tables: BaseYearVMT, County, CountyMonthHour, CountyNRFile, CountyVMTMonthAllocation, CountyYear, CountyYearMonth, Diesel, Gasoline, NaturalGas, State, and DataSource. For each of these tables, the QA program lists the data fields that need to be reviewed. The QA program does several different types of checks, depending on the type of field being evaluated. The 81 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 tblQADefinitions table indicates whether individual field entries can be null, the minimum and maximum string length of certain fields, the minimum and maximum allowable value of certain fields, and checks on certain file naming conventions for some of the fields that include file names. This table also lists the name of additional tables that contain the entire set of allowable values for a given field. As an example, for the BaseYearVMT table, the tblQADefinitions table indicates that the values in the field Vclass must be able to be matched to the values for this field within another external table called m6class which provides the allowable set of vehicle class codes. Similarly, the RoadType, FIPSCountylD, FIPSStatelD, and DataSource fields in the BaseYearVMT table are also referred to individual external tables containing the allowable set of codes for these variables. The QA table also lists the allowable minimum and maximum length of each of these variables. The field RoadType, for example, has both a minimum and maximum length of 2. Therefore, any inputs to this field that do not have a length of 2 will produce error messages. As another example, this QA table lists the maximum value of LDVStage2Percent (in table County) as 100 and the minimum value as 0, while the field OzoneSeasonStartMonth in this same table has a maximum allowable value of 12 and a minimum of 1. 82 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 4.0 2002 ONROAD NEI DEVELOPMENT 4.1 HOW WAS NMIM RUN TO GENERATE A DEFAULT ONROAD NEI? For the 2002 onroad NEI Version 2, NMIM was run for all counties. The NCD used is designated as NCD20050714, which includes the data provided by the States after they reviewed the draft 2002 NEI (posted in February 2005). State-specific files that correspond to the updated NCD are posted at EPA's web site at: http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html#nmim. The version of the NMIM software was NMIM20050429. The MOBILE model version was MOBILE6.2.03. In cases where S/L/T agencies provided NIF data, including the PE table where VMT data are stored, the NIF VMT data were converted to the NMIM BaseYearVMT table format. The NCD was then updated with these VMT data before it was run. In this manner, onroad emissions from all pollutants would be calculated using the same activity data, even if the S/L/T provided emissions only for some of the pollutants. The conversion from the NIF to NMIM VMT formats was performed in the manner discussed in Section 3.2.2 of this document for VMT provided at the 12 vehicle type level of detail and then expanded to the 28 vehicle type level of detail. 4.2 HOW WERE NMIM EMISSIONS AND STATE DATA USED? EPA accepted criteria and HAP annual emissions data from S/L/T agencies to replace the default EPA estimates generated by NMIM. These were accepted for the draft version of the NEI even in cases where the S/L/T agency had provided inputs to use for the default NMIM runs, since State emissions data were determined to take precedence. However, when S/L/T agencies provided NMIM inputs for the NEI Version 2, the NMIM-based emissions, incorporating the S/L/T-supplied NMIM inputs, were included in the2002 NEI rather than the emissions data submitted for the draft NEI. Emissions that were provided only for a single season or day were not used. However, in the cases where emissions and VMT data were provided for all months or seasons, the data were processed as needed to obtain annual emissions and VMT estimates. Table 4-1 shows a summary by State that lists whether any emissions data were provided by S/L/Ts that were included in the2002 NEI Version 2, what pollutants the submission covered, and what data from the default NEI were used to gap-fill missing pollutants. The specific augmentation procedures are described in Section 4.3. For a more detailed listing of the emissions data received and the corrections and additions EPA made to the data submissions, please see Appendix B. 83 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 4-1. Summary of Onroad S/L/T Emission Submittals and Data Allocation Procedures Use NMIM Results Allocation Procedures Applied FIPS State or State/County S/L/T Provided Number of Pollutants as Default Onroad Vehicle Road Emission Code Name Emissions? SCCs Submitted Inventory Type Type Process Type 01000 Alabama Y 348 CAPs for HAPs Y 02000 Alaska N Y 04013 Arizona- Maricopa V* Y 04019 Arizona - Pima Y 8 VOC, CO, NOx, for PM25-PRI, NH3, YY Y S02, PM10-PRI HAPs 04000 Arizona N Y 05000 Arkansas Y 8 CAPs for HAPs Y Y Y 06000 California Y CAPs: 31 CAPs and 32 for some HAPs Y Y Y HAPs: 27 HAPs 08000 Colorado V* Y 09000 Connecticut Y 8 VOC, CO, NOx forS02, PM10-PRI, YY Y PM2.5-PRI, NH3, HAPs 10000 Delaware Y 492 CAPs and 50 for some HAPs HAPs 11000 District of Columbia N Y 12103 Florida - Pinellas Y 8 CAPs for HAPs Y Y Y 12000 Florida N Y 13xxx Georgia -25-county Atlanta Y 96 CAPs for HAPs Y Y area 13000 Georgia Y 348 CAPs for HAPs Y 15000 Hawaii N Y 16000 Idaho Y 48 VOC, CO, NOx, for PM25-PRI, Y Y S02, PM10-PRI, some HAPs NH3, 6 HAPs 17000 Illinois Y 8 CAPs for HAPs Y Y Y 18000 Indiana N Y 19000 Iowa V* Y 20000 Kansas N Y 21111 Kentucky - Jefferson Y CAPs: 492 CAPs and 33 for some HAPs HAPs HAPs: 144 HAPs 21000 Kentucky N Y 22000 Louisiana N Y 23000 Maine - Penobscot Tribe Y** 3 VOC, CO, NOx, S02, PM10-PRI, 6 for PM25-PRI, NH3, HAPs some HAPs 23000 Maine Y 492 CAPs for HAPs 24000 Maryland N Y 25000 Massachusetts Y 492 CAPs for HAPs 26xxx Michigan - 7 SEMCOG Y 88 VOC, CO, NOx forS02, PM10-PRI, Y Y counties PM25-PRI, NH3, HAPs 26000 Michigan N Y 27000 Minnesota V* Y 28000 Mississippi Y 348 CAPs for HAPs Y 29000 Missouri Y 8 VOC, CO, NOx, for HAPs, NH3 Y Y Y S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI 30000 Montana N Y 31109 Nebraska - Lancaster Y 8 CAPs for HAPs Y Y Y 31000 Nebraska N Y Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile 84 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- FIPS Code 32003 32031 32000 33000 34000 35000 36000 37000 38000 39000 40000 41000 42000 72000 44000 45000 46000 47037 47065 47093 47157 47000 48000 49000 50000 51000 78000 53000 54000 55000 56000 Notes: September 2007 Table 4-1 (continued) State or State/County Name S/L/T Provided Emissions? Number of SCCs Pollutants Submitted Use NMIM Results Allocation Procedures Applied as Default Onroad Vehicle Road Emission Inventory Type Type Process Type Nevada- Clark Y 492 CAPs for HAPs Nevada- Washoe Y Nevada 456 CAPs for HAPs New Hampshire Y New Jersey New Mexico Y New York 492 CAPs for HAPs North Carolina 348 CAPs for HAPs North Dakota Y Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Y Pennsylvania 350 CAPs for HAPs VOC exhaust and evap only Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Y Tennessee - Davidson VOC, CO, NOx, SO,, PM10-PRI for HAPs, PM25- PRI, NH, YY Tennessee- Hamilton Y Tennessee- Knox 144 CAPs for HAPs Tennessee- Shelby Y Tennessee 144 CAPs for HAPs Y Texas 576 CAPs for HAPs VOC exhaust and evap only Utah 96 CAPs, 6 HAPs for some HAPs Y Vermont VOC, CO, NOx, S02, PM10-PRI, NH,, 7 HAPs for some HAPs Y Virginia Virgin Islands Y Washington 492 CAPs, 50 HAPs for some HAPs West Virginia 348 CAPs for HAPs Wisconsin Y Wyoming N Y *These S/L/T agencies provided emissions data for the draft NEI, but then supplied NMIM input data for the NEI Version 2 that superceded the draft emissions data. "Emissions data for the Penobscot Tribe in Maine were added to the NEI Version 2 as is for the 3 SCCs submitted. No emission allocation procedures were applied to the Penobscot data. '"Emissions from the 12-county Dallas, Texas area were those from the final NMIM run, including NMIM inputs supplied by Texas. CAP emissions for the remainder of the State were taken from the Texas emission submittal for the draft NEI. 85 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 4.3 WHAT AUGMENTATION PROCEDURES WERE USED FOR STATE DATA? 4.3.1 Missing Pollutants Of the S/L/T onroad emission submittals, most included all or some of the criteria pollutants, but not HAPs. Several of the submittals included some, but not all of the HAPs generated by NMIM. In cases where any of the pollutants that were included in the NMIM-generated onroad emission inventory were not included in a S/L/T submittal, then the NMIM-generated emissions from that pollutant were used. Because VMT and any other MOBILE/NMIM inputs submitted by the S/L/T agencies were included in the NMIM runs, there is at least some consistency between the emissions for the pollutants calculated using NMIM and the emissions for the pollutants supplied by the S/L/Ts. Due to the significant uncertainty of the arsenic and mercury emission factors for onroad vehicles, emissions for these pollutants were not included in the 2002 NEI Version 2. Thus, mercury and arsenic emissions were removed from any S/L/T emission inventory that included these emissions (EPA, 2005b). For Version 3, mercury and arsenic were added. See section 2.4.3 for details. Pollutants provided by the S/L/T agencies that were not in the list of pollutants generated by NMIM were not retained in the 2002 onroad NEI Version 2. 4.3.2 SCC Allocations For the 2002 NEI Version 2, EPA accepted the use of 492 unique onroad SCCs. The first seven digits define the vehicle, with 12 possible codes. The eighth and ninth digits define the roadway class, with 12 unique codes, and the final digit of the SCC defines the emission process. Table 4- 2 shows the allowable values for each of these three portions of the onroad SCCs. Note that for diesel vehicle and trucks, the MOBILE model does not calculate any evaporative emissions. Therefore, SCCs for diesel vehicles that end in "V" are not included in the allowable SCC list. Also, only the particulates have brake and tire wear emissions so the endings "B" and "T" are used only for PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI. Similarly, evaporative emissions occur only with VOC, so the "V" is only used when the pollutant code is VOC. When S/L/T emission submissions did not include the necessary level of detail, EPA developed procedures to allocate the emissions to this set of SCCs. These allocation procedures are discussed below. Note that in some cases, more than one of the allocations described below were applied. 4.3.2.1 Vehicle Type Allocations Previous versions of the SCC list included only eight vehicle types. In this case, the five heavy duty diesel vehicle types were replaced by a single vehicle type with an SCC starting with "2230070". This code was included in many of the S/L/T submittals, but was not an allowable code for the 2002 NEI. Therefore, EPA distributed the emissions submitted by the S/L/T agencies that were coded with an SCC starting with "2230070" among the five heavy duty diesel vehicle categories shown in Table 4-2 (SCCs starting with "2230071", "2230072", "2230073", "2230074", and "2230075"). These allocations were performed based on the output of the 86 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 NMIM runs. For each affected State, county, and pollutant combination, the corresponding emissions from the NMIM outputs were totaled using the first six and last three digits of the SCC to obtain the heavy duty diesel emission total (equivalent to an SCC code of "2230070"). The ratio of the emissions from each of the five individual SCCs to the "2230070" total from the NMIM runs was then calculated and this ratio was multiplied by the State/county/pollutant emissions from the S/L/T submittal to obtain five new emission records, representing each of the five heavy duty diesel vehicles. There were also several submittals that did not include any vehicle type information in the SCCs (e.g., the third through seventh digits of the SCCs were filled in with "00000" or "XXXXX". The same ratio method, based on emissions calculated by NMIM, was used to allocate these emissions among the 12 vehicle categories. However, in this case, the NMIM emissions were totaled using only the last three digits of the SCC. For each record in the S/L/T submittal, 12 new records replaced it with the appropriate vehicle type code included in the SCC. 4.3.2.2 Road Type Allocations Some of the S/L/T submittals used the code "00" for the roadway type portion of the SCC code (the eighth and ninth digits). To allocate these emissions by road type, a similar procedure was followed as discussed above for the heavy duty diesel allocations. Again, the allocations to road type were made based on ratios obtained from the NMIM-generated emission inventory. For each affected State, county, and pollutant combination, the corresponding emissions from the NMIM outputs were totaled using the first seven and last one digit of the SCC to obtain the vehicle/emission process emission total. The ratio of the emissions from each of the 12 individual SCCs that included the roadway type code to the vehicle/emission process emission total from the NMIM runs was then calculated and this ratio was multiplied by the State/county/pollutant emissions from the S/L/T submittal to obtain 12 new emission records, representing each of the 12 roadway types. 4.3.2.3 Exhaust/Evaporative/Tire/Brake Allocations There were a number of cases where the S/L/T submittals included a "0" in the last digit of the onroad SCC, indicating the total of all emission processes. However, for VOC and some of the HAPs, the breakdown between exhaust and evaporative emissions is needed. In addition, the PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI emissions need to be broken down by exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear. For all pollutants other than VOC, the HAPs with an evaporative component, PM10-PRI, and PM25-PRI, EPA replaced the final digit of the SCC with "X" to indicate exhaust emissions. The allocation between exhaust and evaporative emissions for VOC and the HAPs as well as the allocation to exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear for PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI were both calculated separately using a ratio method based on the NMIM-generated emissions output. For these State/county/pollutant combinations, emissions from the NMIM-generated inventory were totaled for the first nine digits of the SCC. Ratios between these totals and the corresponding State/county/pollutant/10-digit SCC emissions were calculated and then multiplied by the State- provided emission values to create two new emission records for VOC and the HAPs and three new emission records for PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI at the 10-digit SCC level of detail. 87 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 4.3.2.4 Ammonia Allocations Several States in the central United States provided only ammonia emissions for onroad vehicles. These were emissions prepared by the Central Regional Air Planning Association (CENRAP). In these cases, the ammonia emissions were coded only as a county level total either for all vehicles combined or as a gasoline total and a diesel total. Again, EPA employed a ratio method to allocate these emissions to the 144 ammonia SCCs for each county. Ammonia emissions from the NMIM output were totaled by county or by county/fuel type for these States and then the ratios from each of the 144 SCCs to the total were calculated. The resulting ratios were multiplied by the county-level or county/fuel type-level ammonia emissions supplied by the States to yield a 144 SCC emission data set for each county in these States. 4.3.3 Estimating Annual Emissions Most S/L/Ts provided estimates that represented annual 2002 emissions. Where seasonal or monthly emission estimates supplied by S/L/Ts could be summed together to generate an annual inventory, this calculation was performed. Seasonal, monthly, or daily emission estimates provided by S/L/Ts were not retained in the NEI Version 2. 4.4 QA PROCEDURES 4.4.1 Models NMIM has been tested to ensure that the MOBILE6 input files it generates are correct, that it reads the NCD properly, and that its output files properly read and process the MOBILE6 output files. MOBILE6.2.03 has been peer reviewed and publically released. 4.4.2 NMIM County Database The NCD has been undergoing review ever since it was developed. The database was assembled by Eastern Research Group under contract to OTAQ and included significant QA effort, as documented in "National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) Base and Future Year County Database Documentation and Quality Assurance Procedures" (EPA, 2003e). The NCD was subsequently quality checked by Pechan under contract to OTAQ, as documented in "Comparison of NMIM County Database to NEI Modeling, Final Report" (EPA, 2003f). States most recently reviewed the data in the NCD posted for NEI 2002 vl and provided corrections, which, except for fuels, have been incorporated into the database. For more information on the NCD, see Section 3.2. 4.4.3 Completeness Checks EPA checked that data for all county-month combinations were generated by the NMIM run. Since the NMIM MOBILE6 runs are always executed in county-month combinations, the presence in the output data of all county-month combinations indicates that all MOBILE6 runs completed and that NMIM processed them. 88 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 4.4.4 Comparison of the Draft 2002 NEI with Preliminary 2002 NEI Comparison of the draft with the preliminary NEI was performed with the expectation that most changes would be small and that the direction and magnitude of the larger changes would be consistent with the changes in the NCD and/or methodology. The VMT nationally was 0.7 percent higher, with only Nevada and North Carolina showing decreases greater than five percent and only New York and Florida showing increases greater than five percent. The source of VMT changes between the two inventories was State submitted data. For national pollutant totals, only MTBE and S02 showed decreases greater than five percent, and only NOx and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene showed increases of greater than five percent. MTBE decreased because of more accurate gasoline fuels data. S02 decreased because of more accurate diesel sulfur data. NOx increased because of including relative humidity in the NCD, whereas the MOBILE6 default (75 grains per pound of dry air) was used previously. Actual humidities tend to be lower than this default, producing higher NOx emissions. The dibenzo(a,h)anthracene increase was an artifact that resulted from extremely low emissions and limited precision in the preliminary NEI database. 4.5 NOTES Local data collection efforts by States are uneven. For the Pima County, Arizona submittal, the emissions of CO, NOx, PM10-PRI, S02, VOC were reported as daily emissions (Emission Type =27), not total seasonal emissions, but with start and end dates covering three seasons making up the entire year. Therefore, emissions for these pollutants are reported incorrectly in the 2002 NEI Version 2. Emissions should have first been calculated as total emissions for each season before summing to obtain annual emissions. However, preliminary checks on this indicate that the magnitude of the starting emissions are not truly daily lbs, either. 89 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 4-2. SCCs Included in Onroad Inventory Applicable see Portion of Portion that SCC Digits SCC Code Describes Description 1 - 7 2201001 Vehicle type Light-duty gasoline vehicles (passenger cars) Light-duty gasoline trucks 1 (0-6,000 pounds (lbs) gross vehicle 1 - 7 2201020 Vehicle type weight rating [GVWR]) 1 - 7 2201040 Vehicle type Light-duty gasoline trucks 2 (6,001-8,500 lbs GVWR) 1 - 7 2201070 Vehicle type Heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (> 8,500 lbs GVWR) 1 - 7 2201080 Vehicle type Motorcycles (gasoline) 1 - 7 2230001 Vehicle type Light-duty diesel vehicles (passenger cars) 1 - 7 2230060 Vehicle type Light-duty diesel trucks (0-8,500 lbs GVWR) 1 - 7 2230071 Vehicle type Class 2b heavy-duty diesel vehicles (8,501-10,000 lbs GVWR) Class 3, 4, and 5 heavy-duty diesel vehicles (10,001-19,500 lbs 1 - 7 2230072 Vehicle type GVWR) Class 6 and 7 heavy-duty diesel vehicles (19,501-33,000 lbs 1 - 7 2230073 Vehicle type GVWR) 1 - 7 2230074 Vehicle type Class 8 heavy-duty diesel vehicles (> 33,000 lbs GVWR) 1 - 7 2230075 Vehicle type Diesel buses 8 - 9 11 Roadway type Rural interstates 8 - 9 13 Roadway type Rural other principal arterials 8 - 9 15 Roadway type Rural minor arterials 8 - 9 17 Roadway type Rural major collectors 8 - 9 19 Roadway type Rural minor collectors 8 - 9 21 Roadway type Rural locals 8 - 9 23 Roadway type Urban interstates 8 - 9 25 Roadway type Urban other freeways and expressways 8 - 9 27 Roadway type Urban other principal arterials 8 - 9 29 Roadway type Urban minor arterials 8 - 9 31 Roadway type Urban collectors 8 - 9 33 Roadway type Urban locals 10 X Emission process Exhaust 10 V Emission process Evaporative 10 B Emission process Brake wear 10 T Emission process Tire wear 90 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 5.0 2002 NONROAD NEI DEVELOPMENT 5.1 HOW WAS NMIM RUN TO GENERATE A DEFAULT NONROAD NEI? For the 2002 nonroad NEI Version 2, NMIM was run for all counties. The NCD used is designated as NCD20050714, which includes the data provided by the States after reviewing the draft 2002 NEI (posted in February 2005). The specific State-submitted data related to nonroad activity parameters used for the NONROAD/NMIM runs is described in detail in Chapter 3, Section 3.2.5. The version of the NMIM software was NMIM20050429. The NONROAD Model version was NR04N, which is functionally the same as the publically released Draft NONROAD2004. It contains a change to handle two separate nonroad diesel sulfur levels, one for nonroad's pleasure craft segment and one for all other equipment. 5.2 HOW WERE NMIM EMISSIONS AND S/L/T DATA USED? EPA accepted criteria and HAP annual emissions data from S/L/T agencies to replace the default EPA estimates. These were accepted even in cases where the S/L/T agencies had provided inputs to use for the default NMIM runs, since these S/L/T emissions data were determined to take precedence. Emissions that were provided only for a single season or day were not used. Table 5-1 shows a summary by State that lists whether any emissions data were provided by S/L/T agencies, what pollutants the submission covered, and what data from the default NEI were used to gap-fill missing pollutants. The specific augmentation procedures are described in Section 5.3. For a more detailed listing of the emissions data received and the corrections and additions EPA made to the data submissions, including additional comments/submissions for the Version 2 NEI, please see Appendix C. 5.3 WHAT AUGMENTATION PROCEDURES WERE USED FOR STATE DATA? 5.3.1 Missing Pollutants Many S/L/T agencies provided the complete suite of pollutants generated from NONROAD, including VOC, NOx, CO, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, and S02. However, several States did not provide estimates for NH3 or HAPs. Because NMIM generates estimates for these pollutants, EPA augmented the State-supplied inventories when any of these pollutants were missing. This procedure was performed by matching on the existing State-supplied county/SCC combinations so as not to add additional records that reflect a different county/SCC distribution than the State intended. It should be noted that zero emission numeric value records that existed in EPA's default NMIM data set were added to the draft NEI. These zero value records may be removed for the final NEI for space considerations. 91 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 5-1. Summary of NONROAD Model S/L Submittals and Data Augmentation Procedures FIPS Code State or State/County Name State Provided Emissions? Number of SCCs Pollutants Use NMIM Results as Default NONROAD Model Inventory CAPs to Augment HA Ps to Augment 01000 Alabama Y 196 CAPs only None All HAPs 02000 Alaska N Y 04013 Arizona- Maricopa Y 216 CAPs only None All HAPs 04000 Arizona N Y 05000 Arkansas Y 193 CAPs only None All HAPs 06000 California Y 30 CAPs only, no NH3 nh3 All HAPs 08000 Colorado* Y 214 CAPs only Y None All HAPs 09000 Connecticut N Y 10000 Delaware Y 214 CAPs and HAPs None None 11000 District of Columbia N Y 12000 Florida N Y 13000 Georgia Y 200 CAPs only None All HAPs 15000 Hawaii N Y 16000 Idaho Y 199 CAPs only, no S02 or nh3 S02 and NH3 All HAPs 17000 Illinois* Y 214 CAPs only Y None All HAPs 18000 Indiana N Y 19000 Iowa* Y 90 NH3 only Y 20000 Kansas Y 106 NH3 only Y 21000 Kentucky N Y 21111 Kentucky - Jefferson Cty Y 185 CAPs only None All HAPs 22000 Louisiana Y 91 NH3 only Y 23000 Maine Y 214 CAPs only None All HAPs 24000 Maryland Y 207 CAPs only None All HAPs 25000 Massachusetts N Y 26000 Michigan* Y 214 CAPs only Y 27000 Minnesota Y 128 NH3 only Y 28000 Mississippi Y 192 CAPs only None All HAPs 29000 Missouri Y 121 NH3 only Y 30000 Montana N Y 31000 Nebraska Y 1 CAPs only, no NH3 Y 32000 Nevada Y 185 CO, NOX, PM-PRI VOC, S02, nh3 32003 Nevada- Clark Y 183 CAPs only, no NH3 nh3 All HAPs 32031 Nevada- Washoe N Y 33000 New Hampshire Y 6 CAPs and HAPs Some HAPs 34000 New Jersey Y 216 CAPs only None All HAPs 35000 New Mexico N Y 36000 New York Y 214 CAPs only None All HAPs 37000 North Carolina Y 201 CAPs only None All HAPs Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile 92 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Table 5-1 (continued) FIPS Code State or State/County Name State Provided Emissions? Number of SCCs Pollutants Use NMIM Results as Default NONROAD Model Inventory CAPs to Augment HA Ps to Augment 38000 North Dakota N Y 39000 Ohio* N Y 40000 Oklahoma N Y 41000 Oregon Y 38 CAPs and HAPs, no nh3 nh3 Some HAPs 42000 Pennsylvania Y 214 CAPs only None All HAPs 72000 Puerto Rico N Y 44000 Rhode Island N Y 45000 South Carolina N Y 46000 South Dakota N Y 47000 Tennessee Y 201 CAPs only, no NH3 nh3 All HAPs 47037 Tennessee - Davidson Cty (Nashville) Y 192 CAPs only, no NH3 nh3 All HAPs 47065 Tennessee- Hamilton N Y 47093 Tennessee- Knox N Y 47157 Tennessee- Shelby N Y 48000 Texas Y 219 CAPs only None All HAPs 49000 Utah* Y 214 CAPs no NH3 Y nh3 All HAPs 50000 Vermont N Y 51000 Virginia Y 214 VOC, NOX, CO (summer day emissions) Y 78000 Virgin Islands N Y 53000 Washington Y 214 CAPs and HAPs None Some HAPs 53033 Washington- King N Y 53035 Washington- Kitsap N Y 53053 Washington- Pierce N Y 53061 Washington- Snohomish N Y 54000 West Virginia Y 193 CAPs only, PM-PRI only None All HAPs 55000 Wisconsin* N Y 56000 Wyoming N Y 'States with an asterisk provided emissions for the draft NEI or Version 2 NEI, but requested that their inventories be based on EPA's NMIM results for the NEI Version 2. NOTE: For a summary of Tribal data incorporated, see Appendix C. 93 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Several S/L/Ts provided PM10-PRI but not PM25-PRI. Instead of using the above procedure where the missing pollutants were augmented from the NMIM results, EPA estimated the PM25- PRI based on their PM10-PRI estimates. This would remove the possibility that PM25 estimates inconsistent with PM10 estimates would be larger than PM10 estimates. EPA used the particle- sized distributions available from NONROAD that vary based on fuel/engine type as follows: Engine Type PM2.5/PM10 Particle Size Multiplier 2-stroke/4-stroke gasoline 0.92 LPG/CNG 1.0 Diesel 0.97 Due to the significant uncertainty of the arsenic and mercury emission factors for nonroad vehicles, emissions for these pollutants were not included in the Version 2 2002 NEI. Thus, mercury and arsenic emissions were removed from any S/L/T emission inventory that included these emissions (EPA, 2005b). For Version 3, mercury and arsenic were added. See section 2.4.3 for details. 5.3.2 SCC Detail The NONROAD model/NMIM provides emission estimates at the 10-digit SCC level of detail (representing specific applications within broader nonroad categories). Some States provided emission estimates that represented a more aggregate emission estimate [e.g., SCCs corresponding to 7-digit or 4-digit level of detail, which are generally category or engine level estimates]. To place these emission estimates on a consistent basis with the rest of the inventory, EPA estimated the distribution of emissions at the 10-digit level. This was performed by calculating the ratio of the 10-digit SCC emission estimate to the 7-digit or 4-digit emission estimates reported for these States in the default inventory. This ratio was them multiplied by the appropriate State-supplied emission estimates. This was done for all States that supplied these more aggregate data, except for California. Because California uses their own model (OFFROAD), EPA is not able to easily match all SCCs and allocate the California estimates using NONROAD model default estimates. 5.3.3 Estimating Annual Emissions Most S/L/T agencies provided estimates that represented annual 2002 emissions. Where seasonal emission estimates supplied could be summed together to generate an annual inventory, this calculation was performed. Seasonal, monthly, or daily emission estimates provided by S/L/T agencies were not retained in the draft NEI. 5.4 QA PROCEDURES 5.4.1 Models NMIM has been tested to ensure that the NONROAD option ("opt") files it generates are correct, that it reads the NCD properly, and that it properly reads and processes the NONROAD output files. Draft NONROAD2004 has been peer reviewed and publically released. 94 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 5.4.2 NMIM County Database The NCD has been undergoing review ever since it was developed. The database was assembled by Eastern Research Group under contract to OTAQ and included significant QA effort, as documented in "National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) Base and Future Year County Database Documentation and Quality Assurance Procedures" (EPA, 2003e). The database was subsequently quality checked by Pechan under contract to OTAQ, as documented in "Comparison of NMIM County Database to NEI Modeling, Final Report" (EPA, 2003f). S/L/T agencies most recently reviewed the data in the NCD posted for NEI 2002 vl and provided corrections, which, except for fuels, have been incorporated into the database. For more information on the NCD, see Section 3.2. 5.4.3 Completeness Checks EPA checked that all county-month combinations were generated. Since the NMIM NONROAD runs are always executed in county-month combinations, the presence in the output data of all county-month combinations indicates that all NONROAD runs were completed and that NMIM processed them. 5.4.4 Comparison with Preliminary 2002 NEI Comparison of EPA's default 2002 draft NEI with the preliminary NEI was performed with the expectation that most changes would be small and that the direction and magnitude of the larger changes would be consistent with the changes in the NCD and/or methodology. The major differences are due to changes in the NONROAD Model between the preliminary 2002 NEI and the 2002 draft NEI, and the emissions differences are consistent with the changes in the model. Diesel recreational marine populations and horsepower increased significantly, explaining large increases in PM, VOC and the HAPs (which are calculated as ratios to PM and VOC) for those SCCs. Gasoline recreational equipment PM increased due to increased emission factors for ATVs and motorcycles. Drops in S02 and NH3 are explained by large decreases in BSFC for the same two recreational equipment categories. 5.4.5 Quality Assurance of NIF3.0 Format Upon receipt of State data, EPA ran the QA Checker Program on the NIF3.0 files. Errors identified by the program including invalid NIF3.0 codes and referential integrity were corrected and confirmed as necessary with the appropriate S/L/T contact. During the data augmentation with the default NMIM data, Pechan prepared record counts of pollutant codes by FIPS and SCC, to ensure that augmentation procedures were performed correctly. Pechan also prepared crosstab comparisons of the State data before and after data augmentation to check that data not being augmented was not changed during the process. Pechan then ran EPA's QA Checker to identify and resolve any additional errors in the final State-specific databases. 95 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 5.5 NOTES In developing the 2002 nonroad NEI Version 2, several procedures were followed that are noted below due to the limitations inherent in these procedures. • Missing pollutant emissions data were added to S/L/T submissions that may represent estimates on a different activity basis than the S/L/T-supplied estimates. This may especially be the case for HAP estimates added to inventories that only included criteria emissions. • SCCs that were provided in the S/L/T submissions that were not included in EPA's inventory were kept in the final State-specific databases. As such these could not be augmented with missing data for most pollutants, except for PM25-PRI. • Emissions for Clifton Forge City, Virginia (FIPS code 51560) are reported by EPA's NMIM/NONROAD. This county FIPS is no longer valid, and the results for this county were combined with emissions reported in Allegheny County, Virginia (FIPS code 51005). • In 2001, the State of Colorado created Broomfield County (FIPS code 08014) from areas within four counties (Adams, Boulder, Jefferson, and Weld) that contained the City of Broomfield. The portion of the population in the City of Broomfield that was part of each of these counties was obtained and used to estimate the 2002 Broomfield County emissions from the 2002 NMIM/NONROAD results (since NONROAD does not reflect Broomfield county). 96 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 6.0 2002 MOBILE STAGE II REFUELING NEI This section describes how Stage II emission estimates related to onroad mobile and nonroad mobile refueling were estimated, and how they were reported in the 2002 NEI. No updates were made to the Stage II emissions reported in the draft NEI for the final 2002 NEI. 6.1 HOW WERE STAGE II ONROAD REFUELING EMISSIONS DEVELOPED? The EPA developed onroad Stage II refueling emission estimates for VOC, benzene, and MTBE based on the results of the draft NEI 2002 NMIM runs. These estimates were not updated for Version 3. NMIM/MOBILE6 calculates Stage II emissions using a base uncontrolled displacement emission factor of 5.46 grams/gallon HC, and a base uncontrolled spillage EF is 0.31 grams/gallon HC. These emission factors are then adjusted for temperature and RVP, and are converted from HC to VOC within MOBILE6. For a description of the counties with Stage II control programs, as well as the assumed control efficiency for the program, see section 3.2.6.4. For several other HAPs, EPA applied national HAP speciation profiles to the VOC emission estimates from NMIM. These HAPs are listed in Table 6-1, along with their emission factors (MACTEC, 2004). Table 6-1. Stage II HAP Speciation Profiles Applied to VOC Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor 2,2,4-T rimethylpentane 0.827% of VOC Cumene 0.01% of VOC Ethyl Benzene 0.138% of VOC Hexane 1.589% of VOC Naphthalene 0.046% of VOC Toluene 1.290% of VOC Xylenes 0.530% of VOC 6.2 HOW WERE STAGE II NONROAD REFUELING EMISSIONS DEVELOPED? NMIM/NONROAD accounts for refueling emissions from nonroad equipment under two separate components, vapor displacement and spillage. The procedures that NONROAD uses to estimate refueling emissions are documented in the EPA report, "Refueling Emissions for Nonroad Engine Modeling" (EPA, 2004e). For both spillage and vapor displacement, NONROAD incorporates emission factor values in terms of grams of emissions per gallon of fuel consumed. Fuel consumption is then used to calculate total emissions based on the g/gal emissions factors. Nonroad equipment may be fueled from a gasoline pump or a portable container. Stage II nonroad emissions are associated with nonroad equipment being filled directly at the gasoline pumps. Because the different refueling modes result in different emissions, NONROAD includes assumptions concerning which equipment will be refueled 97 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 predominantly using a gasoline pump and which will be refueled predominantly from a portable container. In general, gasoline-powered equipment with larger horsepower engines are fueled at the pump while equipment with smaller horsepower engines are fueled with a container. Both Stage II and portable fuel container components may be included in the SCC-level vapor displacement and spillage emissions output of NMIM (depending on the SCC). As such, Stage II emissions were not subtracted out of the NONROAD model emission estimates and unlike Stage II onroad emissions, were not reported as part of the area source inventory. 6.3 REPORTING OF MOBILE STAGE II REFUELING Nonroad Stage II emissions were included in all relevant nonroad gasoline SCCs that have engines assumed to be refueled at a gasoline pump. Onroad Stage II emissions are reported under the SCC 22501060100 (Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Total) in the non-point source inventory. It should be noted that Stage II vehicle refueling emissions may also be reported in the point source inventory under the following SCCs: Point Source SCCs Description 40600401 Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/o Controls 40600402 Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Liquid Spill Loss w/o Controls 40600403 Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/o Controls 40600499 Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Not Classified ** 40600601 Consumer (Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/o Controls 40600602 Consumer (Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Liquid Spill Loss w/o Controls 40600603 Consumer (Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/ Controls 6.4 QA PROCEDURES Spot checks were performed of the onroad Stage II HAP emission estimates developed using the speciation profiles listed in Table 6-1. In addition, onroad Stage II emissions are currently undergoing S/L/T review, facilitated by emission summaries that compare the newly-developed Stage II emissions to the draft NEI emission estimates. These comparisons are likely to result in changes and/or corrections to the final NEI estimates for this category. Nonroad Stage II emissions would have been subject to the same QA procedures as NONROAD model exhaust and evaporative emission estimates (described in Section 5.4). 98 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 7.0 REFERENCES AAM, 2002: North American Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Survey. Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, Washington, DC. 2002. AAMA, 1992: North American Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Survey. American Automobile Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC. 1992. AIR, 2004: "Derivation of By-Month, By-County, By-Hour Temperature and Relative Humidity with Monthly Data," by Air Improvement Resources, Inc., December 8, 2004. BOC, 2004a: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Population Estimates, Subcounty population dataset, downloaded at http://www.census.gOv/popest/archives/2000s/vintage_2002/SUB-EST2002/SUB- EST2002-ST.txt (downloaded September 2004). BOC, 2004b: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data, Table P2 Urban and Rural Population, data tables downloaded from http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2001/sumfilel .html (downloaded September 2004). EPA, 1990: "The 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory: Development of Temporal Allocation Factors," EPA-600/7-89-010d, Air & Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. April 1990. EPA, 1991: "Technical Guidance - Stage II Vapor Recovery Systems for Control of Vehicle Refueling Emissions at Gasoline Dispensing Facilities, Volume I: Chapters." EPA-450/3-91-022a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. November 1991. EPA, 1998: "National Air Pollutant Emission Trends, Procedures Document, 1900-1996," EPA- 454/R-98-008. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, NC. May 1998. EPA, 2000: "Reformulated Gasoline Survey Data for 2000." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/fuels/mtbe/oxy-95-00.pdf EPA, 2001a: U.S. EPA Oxygenated Fuel Program Summary, State Winter Oxygenated Fuel Program Requirements for Attainment or Maintenance of CO NAAQS, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, Michigan. October. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/oxy-area.pdf EPA, 2001b: "Fleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6," M6.FLT.007, EPA420-R-01-047, September 2001. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm 99 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 EPA, 2001c: "Trip Length Activity Factors for Running Loss and Exhaust Running Emissions" (M6.FLT.005, EPA420-R-01-013, April 2001. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm EPA, 200 Id: "Development of Methodology for Estimating VMT Weighting by Facility Type" M6.SPD.003, EPA420-R-01-009, April 2001. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm EPA, 200le: "Soak Length Activity Factors for Diurnal Emissions," M6.FLT.006, EPA420-R-01-014, April 2001. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm EPA, 200If: Soak Length Activity Factors for Hot Soak Emissions" M6.FLT.004, EPA420-R-01-012, April 2001. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm EPA, 2002a: "Technical Guidance of the Use of MOBILE6 for Emission Inventory Preparation," US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI. January 2002. EPA, 2002b: "Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions," M6.FLT.003, EPA420-R-01-011, February 2002. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm EPA, 2002c: "Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling- Compression-Ignition," EPA420-P-02-016, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI, November 2002. http://www.epa.gOv/otaq/nonrdmdl.htm#docs. EPA, 2003a: "Draft Documentation for the NONROAD Model Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutant Components of the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) for 2002 Version: January 2004," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factor and Inventory Group. Prepared by EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Inc. December 2003. EPA, 2003b: "User's Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor Model," EPA420-R-03-010, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI, August 2003. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm. EPA, 2003c: "Documentation for the Final 1999 Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants (Version 3)," August 26, 2003, Appendix E-2, "County Level Allocation Values Used for Allocation Schemes 18, 22 and 27 (Stage 2 Control), 1999 National Emission Inventory." EPA, 2003d: "Documentation for Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessel, Locomotive, and Other Nonroad Components in the National Emissions Inventory, Volumes I and II," prepared by Eastern Research Group for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, October 7, 2003. http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/1999inventory.html#final3haps 100 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 EPA, 2003e: "National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) Base and Future Year County Database Documentation and Quality Assurance Procedures," EPA420-R-03-017, April 2003. EPA, 2003f: "Comparison of NMIM County Database to NEI Modeling, Final Report," EPA Contract No. 68D-02-063, Work Assignment No. 1-17, Pechan Document No. 03.09.002/9014.117, September 15, 2003. EPA, 2004a: "Documentation for the Onroad National Emissions Inventory (NEI) For Base Years 1970-2002," prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, January 2004. http://www.epa.gOv/ttn/chief/net/1999inventory.html#final3haps EPA, 2004b: "Instructions to State and Local Agencies for Updating the County Level Database from EPA's National Mobile Inventory Model - Technical Memorandum," prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. November 2004. EPA, 2004c: "Final Regulatory Analysis: Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines," EPA420-R-04-007, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, Ann Arbor, MI. May 2004. EPA, 2004d: "Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation EPA420-R-04-013, August 2004. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm EPA, 2004e: "Refueling Emissions for Nonroad Engine Modeling," NR-013b, EPA420-P-04- 013, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI. April 2004. EPA, 2004f: "Nonroad Ammonia Emission Factors in NMIM," Technical Memo, from C. Harvey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI. April 8, 2004. EPA, 2005a: "Documentation for the 2002 Draft Mobile National Emissions Inventory," EPA420-R-03-017, prepared by EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality and E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., for EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emissions Inventory Group, March 2005. EPA, 2005b: "Potential Approaches for Developing a Mercury Inventory for Mobile Sources," memorandum to Laurel Driver and Phil Lorang, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC from Rich Cook and Marion Hoyer, Air Toxics Center, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI. Received by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. from Laurel Driver, EPA, on March 23, 2005. 101 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 EPA, 2006: "Cold Temperature Effects on Vehicle HC Emissions," Draft Report, EPA420-D- 06-001, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Assessment and Standards Division, Ann Arbor, MI. February 2006. EPA, 2007a: "Control of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Mobile Sources," Regulatory Impact Analysis, EPA420-D-07-002, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Assessment and Standards Division, Ann Arbor, MI. February 2007. EPA, 2007b: "Control of Emissions from Marine SI and Small SI Engines, Vessels, and Equipment," Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis, EPA420-D-07-004, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Assessment and Standards Division, Ann Arbor, MI. April 2007. ERG, 2003: "National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) Base and Future Year County Database Documentation and Quality Assurance Procedures," EPA420-R-03-017, prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc., for EPA OTAQ. ERG, 2005: "Documentation for Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessel, and Locomotive, and Other Nonroad Components of the National Emissions Inventory," prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc. and E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division, Emission Factor and Inventory Group. February 9, 2005. FHWA, 1999: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) website for oxygenated fuel sale percentage. Table MF-33E - Estimated Use of Gasohol and Table MF-21 - Motor-Fuel Use. Internet address: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/hs99/mfpage.htm FHWA, 2003: Highway Statistics 2002. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington. DC, 2003. Kashuba, 2004: Letter from Edward Kashuba, Federal Highway Administration, to Maureen Mullen, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., transmitting HPMS universe and sample data files for 2002, June 16, 2004. MACTEC, 2004: Hester, Charles and J. Cavalier, MACTEC, Inc. Memorandum from Charles Hester and Julia Cavalier, MACTEC, Inc., to Stephen Shedd, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Standards Division, "Gasoline HAP Profiles," December 9, 2004. Schauer et al., 2006: "Characterization of Metals Emitted from Motor Vehicles," Schauer JJ, Lough GC, Shafer MM, Christensen WF, Arndt MF, DeMinter JT, Park J-S, 2006, Health Effects Institute Research Report Number 133, available at: http://pubs.healtheffects.org/ 102 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 Taylor, 2003: "Revised HAP Emission Factors for Stationary Combustion Turbines," memorandum prepared by M. Taylor, Alpha-Gamma Technologies, Inc for Sims Roy, EPA OAQPS ESD Combustion Group, August, 2003. Docket ID: OAR-2002-0060- 0649, available at http://www.regulations.gov. TRW, 1999: Thompson, Ramo, and Woolridge (TRW) or National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) Fuel Survey. 103 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- [This page intentionally left blank.] ------- September 2007 APPENDIX A.LOCAL DATA FOR NMIM COUNTY DATABASE A-l Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-1. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2002 FIPS State Code State Name FIPS County Code County Name Effect.% 6 CALIFORNIA 1 Alameda County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 3 Alpine County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 7 Butte County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 13 Contra Costa County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 17 El Dorado County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 19 Fresno County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 21 Glenn County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 25 Imperial County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 27 Inyo County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 29 Kern County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 31 Kings County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 37 Los Angeles County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 39 Madera County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 41 Marin County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 47 Merced County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 51 Mono County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 53 Monterey County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 55 Napa County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 57 Nevada County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 59 Orange County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 61 Placer County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 63 Plumas County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 65 Riverside County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 67 Sacramento County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 69 San Benito County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 71 San Bernardino County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 73 San Diego County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 75 San Francisco County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 77 San Joaquin County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 79 San Luis Obispo County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 81 San Mateo County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 83 Santa Barbara County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 85 Santa Clara County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 87 Santa Cruz County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 89 Shasta County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 91 Sierra County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 95 Solano County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 97 Sonoma County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 99 Stanislaus County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 101 Sutter County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 107 Tulare County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 109 Tuolumne County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 111 Ventura County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 113 Yolo County 95 6 CALIFORNIA 115 Yuba County 95 9 CONNECTICUT 1 Fairfield County 95 9 CONNECTICUT 3 Hartford County 95 9 CONNECTICUT 5 Litchfield County 95 9 CONNECTICUT 7 Middlesex County 95 9 CONNECTICUT 9 New Haven County 95 9 CONNECTICUT 11 New London County 95 9 CONNECTICUT 13 Tolland County 95 9 CONNECTICUT 15 Windham County 95 10 DELAWARE 1 Kent County 86 10 DELAWARE 3 New Castle County 86 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-2 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-1. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2002 FIPS FIPS State County Code State Name Code County Name Effect.% 10 DELAWARE 5 Sussex County 86 11 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 District of Columbia 86 12 FLORIDA 11 Broward County 95 12 FLORIDA 86 Miami-Dade County 95 12 FLORIDA 99 Palm Beach County 95 13 GEORGIA 57 Cherokee County 86 13 GEORGIA 63 Clayton County 86 13 GEORGIA 67 Cobb County 86 13 GEORGIA 77 Coweta County 86 13 GEORGIA 89 DeKalb County 86 13 GEORGIA 97 Douglas County 86 13 GEORGIA 113 Fayette County 86 13 GEORGIA 117 Forsyth County 86 13 GEORGIA 121 Fulton County 86 13 GEORGIA 135 Gwinnett County 86 13 GEORGIA 151 Henry County 86 13 GEORGIA 223 Paulding County 86 13 GEORGIA 247 Rockdale County 86 17 ILLINOIS 31 Cook County 86 17 ILLINOIS 43 DuPage County 86 17 ILLINOIS 63 Grundy County 86 17 ILLINOIS 89 Kane County 86 17 ILLINOIS 93 Kendall County 86 17 ILLINOIS 97 Lake County 86 17 ILLINOIS 111 McHenry County 86 17 ILLINOIS 197 Will County 86 18 INDIANA 19 Clark County 86 18 INDIANA 43 Floyd County 86 18 INDIANA 89 Lake County 86 18 INDIANA 127 Porter County 86 21 KENTUCKY 15 Boone County 95 21 KENTUCKY 19 Boyd County 95 21 KENTUCKY 29 Bullitt County 95 21 KENTUCKY 37 Campbell County 95 21 KENTUCKY 89 Greenup County 95 21 KENTUCKY 111 Jefferson County 95 21 KENTUCKY 117 Kenton County 95 21 KENTUCKY 185 Oldham County 95 22 LOUISIANA 5 Ascension Parish 95 22 LOUISIANA 33 East Baton Rouge Parish 95 22 LOUISIANA 47 Iberville Parish 95 22 LOUISIANA 63 Livingston Parish 95 22 LOUISIANA 77 Pointe Coupee Parish 95 22 LOUISIANA 121 West Baton Rouge Parish 95 23 MAINE 5 Cumberland County 95 23 MAINE 23 Sagadahoc County 95 23 MAINE 31 York County 95 24 MARYLAND 3 Anne Arundel County 95 24 MARYLAND 5 Baltimore County 95 24 MARYLAND 9 Calvert County 95 24 MARYLAND 13 Carroll County 95 24 MARYLAND 15 Cecil County 95 24 MARYLAND 17 Charles County 95 24 MARYLAND 21 Frederick County 95 24 MARYLAND 25 Harford County 95 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-3 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-1. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2002 FIPS State Code State Name FIPS County Code County Name Effect.% 24 MARYLAND 27 Howard County 95 24 MARYLAND 31 Montgomery County 95 24 MARYLAND 33 Prince George's County 95 24 MARYLAND 510 Baltimore city 95 25 MASSACHUSETTS 1 Barnstable County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 3 Berkshire County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 5 Bristol County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 7 Dukes County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 9 Essex County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 11 Franklin County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 13 Hampden County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 15 Hampshire County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 17 Middlesex County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 19 Nantucket County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 21 Norfolk County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 23 Plymouth County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 25 Suffolk County 86 25 MASSACHUSETTS 27 Worcester County 86 29 MISSOURI 71 Franklin County 95 29 MISSOURI 99 Jefferson County 95 29 MISSOURI 183 St. Charles County 95 29 MISSOURI 189 St. Louis County 95 29 MISSOURI 510 St. Louis city 95 32 NEVADA 3 Clark County 95 32 NEVADA 31 Washoe County 95 33 NEW HAMPSHIRE 11 Hillsborough County 86 33 NEW HAMPSHIRE 13 Merrimack County 86 33 NEW HAMPSHIRE 15 Rockingham County 86 33 NEW HAMPSHIRE 17 Strafford County 86 34 NEW JERSEY 1 Atlantic County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 3 Bergen County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 5 Burlington County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 7 Camden County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 9 Cape May County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 11 Cumberland County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 13 Essex County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 15 Gloucester County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 17 Hudson County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 19 Hunterdon County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 21 Mercer County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 23 Middlesex County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 25 Monmouth County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 27 Morris County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 29 Ocean County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 31 Passaic County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 33 Salem County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 35 Somerset County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 37 Sussex County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 39 Union County 62 34 NEW JERSEY 41 Warren County 62 36 NEW YORK 5 Bronx County 90 36 NEW YORK 47 Kings County 90 36 NEW YORK 59 Nassau County 90 36 NEW YORK 61 New York County 90 36 NEW YORK 71 Orange County 90 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-4 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-1. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2002 FIPS State Code State Name FIPS County Code County Name Effect.% 36 NEW YORK 81 Queens County 90 36 NEW YORK 85 Richmond County 90 36 NEW YORK 87 Rockland County 90 36 NEW YORK 103 Suffolk County 90 36 NEW YORK 119 Westchester County 90 39 OHIO 7 Ashtabula County 77 39 OHIO 17 Butler County 77 39 OHIO 23 Clark County 77 39 OHIO 25 Clermont County 77 39 OHIO 35 Cuyahoga County 77 39 OHIO 55 Geauga County 77 39 OHIO 57 Greene County 77 39 OHIO 61 Hamilton County 77 39 OHIO 85 Lake County 77 39 OHIO 93 Lorain County 77 39 OHIO 103 Medina County 77 39 OHIO 109 Miami County 77 39 OHIO 113 Montgomery County 77 39 OHIO 133 Portage County 77 39 OHIO 153 Summit County 77 39 OHIO 165 Warren County 77 41 OREGON 5 Clackamus County 86 41 OREGON 51 Multnomah County 86 41 OREGON 67 Washington County 86 42 PENNSYLVANIA 3 Allegheny County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 5 Armstrong County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 7 Beaver County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 11 Berks County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 17 Bucks County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 19 Butler County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 29 Chester County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 45 Delaware County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 51 Fayette County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 91 Montgomery County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 101 Philadelphia County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 125 Washington County 95 42 PENNSYLVANIA 129 Westmoreland County 95 44 RHODE ISLAND 1 Bristol County 86 44 RHODE ISLAND 3 Kent County 86 44 RHODE ISLAND 5 Newport County 86 44 RHODE ISLAND 7 Providence County 86 44 RHODE ISLAND 9 Washington County 86 47 TENNESSEE 37 Davidson County 86 47 TENNESSEE 149 Rutherford County 86 47 TENNESSEE 165 Sumner County 86 47 TENNESSEE 187 Williamson County 86 47 TENNESSEE 189 Wilson County 86 48 TEXAS 39 Brazoria County 95 48 TEXAS 71 Chambers County 95 48 TEXAS 85 Collin County 95 48 TEXAS 113 Dallas County 95 48 TEXAS 121 Denton County 95 48 TEXAS 141 El Paso County 95 48 TEXAS 157 Fort Bend County 95 48 TEXAS 167 Galveston County 95 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-5 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-1. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2002 FIPS State Code State Name FIPS County Code County Name Effect.% 48 TEXAS 199 Hardin County 95 48 TEXAS 201 Harris County 95 48 TEXAS 245 Jefferson County 95 48 TEXAS 291 Liberty County 95 48 TEXAS 339 Montgomery County 95 48 TEXAS 361 Orange County 95 48 TEXAS 439 Tarrant County 95 48 TEXAS 473 Waller County 95 50 VERMONT 1 Addison County 86 50 VERMONT 3 Bennington County 86 50 VERMONT 5 Caledonia County 86 50 VERMONT 7 Chittenden County 86 50 VERMONT 9 Essex County 86 50 VERMONT 11 Franklin County 86 50 VERMONT 13 Grand Isle County 86 50 VERMONT 15 Lamoille County 86 50 VERMONT 17 Orange County 86 50 VERMONT 19 Orleans County 86 50 VERMONT 21 Rutland County 86 50 VERMONT 23 Washington County 86 50 VERMONT 25 Windham County 86 50 VERMONT 27 Windsor County 86 51 VIRGINIA 13 Arlington County 95 51 VIRGINIA 36 Charles City County 95 51 VIRGINIA 41 Chesterfield County 95 51 VIRGINIA 59 Fairfax County 95 51 VIRGINIA 85 Hanover County 95 51 VIRGINIA 87 Henrico County 95 51 VIRGINIA 107 Loudoun County 95 51 VIRGINIA 153 Prince William County 95 51 VIRGINIA 179 Stafford County 95 51 VIRGINIA 510 Alexandria city 95 51 VIRGINIA 570 Colonial Heights city 95 51 VIRGINIA 600 Fairfax city 95 51 VIRGINIA 610 Falls Church city 95 51 VIRGINIA 670 Hopewell city 95 51 VIRGINIA 683 Manassas city 95 51 VIRGINIA 685 Manassas Park city 95 51 VIRGINIA 760 Richmond city 95 53 WASHINGTON 11 Clark County 86 53 WASHINGTON 15 Cowlitz County 86 53 WASHINGTON 33 King County 86 53 WASHINGTON 35 Kitsap County 86 53 WASHINGTON 53 Pierce County 86 53 WASHINGTON 61 Snohomish County 86 55 WISCONSIN 59 Kenosha County 86 55 WISCONSIN 61 Kewaunee County 86 55 WISCONSIN 71 Manitowoc County 86 55 WISCONSIN 79 Milwaukee County 86 55 WISCONSIN 89 Ozaukee County 86 55 WISCONSIN 101 Racine County 86 55 WISCONSIN 117 Sheboygan County 86 55 WISCONSIN 131 Washington County 86 55 WISCONSIN 133 Waukesha County 86 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-6 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 1 AL Default 2 AK Default 4 AZ 0401302 4 AZ 0401902 4 AZ Default 5 AR Default 6 CA Default 8 CO Default 9 CT Default 10 DE 1000102 10 DE 1000302 10 DE 1000502 11 DC 1100102 12 FL Default 13 GA Default 15 HI Default 16 ID Default 17 IL 1703102 17 IL 1711902 17 IL Default 18 IN Default 19 IA 1900102 19 IA 1900302 19 IA 1900502 19 IA 1900702 19 IA 1900902 19 IA 1901102 19 IA 1901302 19 IA 1901502 19 IA 1901702 19 IA 1901902 19 IA 1902102 19 IA 1902302 19 IA 1902502 19 IA 1902702 19 IA 1902902 19 IA 1903102 19 IA 1903302 19 IA 1903502 19 IA 1903702 19 IA 1903902 19 IA 1904102 19 IA 1904302 19 IA 1904502 19 IA 1904702 19 IA 1904902 19 IA 1905102 19 IA 1905302 19 IA 1905502 19 IA 1905702 19 IA 1905902 19 IA 1906102 19 IA 1906302 19 IA 1906502 19 IA 1906702 19 IA 1906902 19 IA 1907102 19 IA 1907302 19 IA 1907502 19 IA 1907702 19 IA 1907902 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-7 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 19 IA 1908102 19 IA 1908302 19 IA 1908502 19 IA 1908702 19 IA 1908902 19 IA 1909102 19 IA 1909302 19 IA 1909502 19 IA 1909702 19 IA 1909902 19 IA 1910102 19 IA 1910302 19 IA 1910502 19 IA 1910702 19 IA 1910902 19 IA 1911102 19 IA 1911302 19 IA 1911502 19 IA 1911702 19 IA 1911902 19 IA 1912102 19 IA 1912302 19 IA 1912502 19 IA 1912702 19 IA 1912902 19 IA 1913102 19 IA 1913302 19 IA 1913502 19 IA 1913702 19 IA 1913902 19 IA 1914102 19 IA 1914302 19 IA 1914502 19 IA 1914702 19 IA 1914902 19 IA 1915102 19 IA 1915302 19 IA 1915502 19 IA 1915702 19 IA 1915902 19 IA 1916102 19 IA 1916302 19 IA 1916502 19 IA 1916702 19 IA 1916902 19 IA 1917102 19 IA 1917302 19 IA 1917502 19 IA 1917702 19 IA 1917902 19 IA 1918102 19 IA 1918302 19 IA 1918502 19 IA 1918702 19 IA 1918902 19 IA 1919102 19 IA 1919302 19 IA 1919502 19 IA 1919702 20 KS Default 21 KY 2111102 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-8 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 21 KY Default 22 LA Default 23 ME Default 24 MD 2400102 24 MD 2400302 24 MD 2400902 24 MD 2401502 24 MD 2401702 24 MD 2402102 24 MD 2403102 24 MD 2403302 24 MD 2403502 24 MD 2404302 25 MA 2500002 26 Ml Default 27 MN 2700102 27 MN 2700302 27 MN 2700502 27 MN 2700702 27 MN 2700902 27 MN 2701102 27 MN 2701302 27 MN 2701502 27 MN 2701702 27 MN 2701902 27 MN 2702102 27 MN 2702302 27 MN 2702502 27 MN 2702702 27 MN 2702902 27 MN 2703102 27 MN 2703302 27 MN 2703502 27 MN 2703702 27 MN 2703902 27 MN 2704102 27 MN 2704302 27 MN 2704502 27 MN 2704702 27 MN 2704902 27 MN 2705102 27 MN 2705302 27 MN 2705502 27 MN 2705702 27 MN 2705902 27 MN 2706102 27 MN 2706302 27 MN 2706502 27 MN 2706702 27 MN 2706902 27 MN 2707102 27 MN 2707302 27 MN 2707502 27 MN 2707702 27 MN 2707902 27 MN 2708102 27 MN 2708302 27 MN 2708502 27 MN 2708702 27 MN 2708902 27 MN 2709102 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-9 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 27 MN 2709302 27 MN 2709502 27 MN 2709702 27 MN 2709902 27 MN 2710102 27 MN 2710302 27 MN 2710502 27 MN 2710702 27 MN 2710902 27 MN 2711102 27 MN 2711302 27 MN 2711502 27 MN 2711702 27 MN 2711902 27 MN 2712102 27 MN 2712302 27 MN 2712502 27 MN 2712702 27 MN 2712902 27 MN 2713102 27 MN 2713302 27 MN 2713502 27 MN 2713702 27 MN 2713902 27 MN 2714102 27 MN 2714302 27 MN 2714502 27 MN 2714702 27 MN 2714902 27 MN 2715102 27 MN 2715302 27 MN 2715502 27 MN 2715702 27 MN 2715902 27 MN 2716102 27 MN 2716302 27 MN 2716502 27 MN 2716702 27 MN 2716902 27 MN 2717102 27 MN 2717302 28 MS Default 29 MO Default 30 MT Default 31 NE Default 32 NV Default 33 NH Default 34 NJ 3400102 35 NM Default 36 NY 3600102 36 NY 3600502 37 NC Default 38 ND Default 39 OH 3900102 39 OH 3900302 39 OH 3900502 39 OH 3900702 39 OH 3900902 39 OH 3901102 39 OH 3901302 39 OH 3901502 A-10 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 39 OH 3901702 39 OH 3901902 39 OH 3902102 39 OH 3902302 39 OH 3902502 39 OH 3902702 39 OH 3902902 39 OH 3903102 39 OH 3903302 39 OH 3903502 39 OH 3903702 39 OH 3903902 39 OH 3904102 39 OH 3904302 39 OH 3904502 39 OH 3904702 39 OH 3904902 39 OH 3905102 39 OH 3905302 39 OH 3905502 39 OH 3905702 39 OH 3905902 39 OH 3906102 39 OH 3906302 39 OH 3906502 39 OH 3906702 39 OH 3906902 39 OH 3907102 39 OH 3907302 39 OH 3907502 39 OH 3907702 39 OH 3907902 39 OH 3908102 39 OH 3908302 39 OH 3908502 39 OH 3908702 39 OH 3908902 39 OH 3909102 39 OH 3909302 39 OH 3909502 39 OH 3909702 39 OH 3909902 39 OH 3910102 39 OH 3910302 39 OH 3910502 39 OH 3910702 39 OH 3910902 39 OH 3911102 39 OH 3911302 39 OH 3911502 39 OH 3911702 39 OH 3911902 39 OH 3912102 39 OH 3912302 39 OH 3912502 39 OH 3912702 39 OH 3912902 39 OH 3913102 39 OH 3913302 39 OH 3913502 39 OH 3913702 A-ll Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 39 OH 3913902 39 OH 3914102 39 OH 3914302 39 OH 3914502 39 OH 3914702 39 OH 3914902 39 OH 3915102 39 OH 3915302 39 OH 3915502 39 OH 3915702 39 OH 3915902 39 OH 3916102 39 OH 3916302 39 OH 3916502 39 OH 3916702 39 OH 3916902 39 OH 3917102 39 OH 3917302 39 OH 3917502 40 OK Default 41 OR 4100102 41 OR 4100302 41 OR 4100502 41 OR 4100702 41 OR 4100902 41 OR 4101102 41 OR 4101302 41 OR 4101502 41 OR 4101702 41 OR 4101902 41 OR 4102102 41 OR 4102302 41 OR 4102502 41 OR 4102702 41 OR 4102902 41 OR 4103102 41 OR 4103302 41 OR 4103502 41 OR 4103702 41 OR 4103902 41 OR 4104102 41 OR 4104302 41 OR 4104502 41 OR 4104702 41 OR 4104902 41 OR 4105102 41 OR 4105302 41 OR 4105502 41 OR 4105702 41 OR 4105902 41 OR 4106102 41 OR 4106302 41 OR 4106502 41 OR 4106702 41 OR 4106902 41 OR 4107102 42 PA Default 44 Rl 4400002 45 SC Default 46 SD Default 47 TN 4700302 A-12 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 47 TN 4703702 47 TN 4706502 47 TN 4709302 47 TN 4715702 47 TN 4716302 47 TN Default 48 TX 4800102 48 TX 4800302 48 TX 4800502 48 TX 4800702 48 TX 4800902 48 TX 4801102 48 TX 4801302 48 TX 4801502 48 TX 4801702 48 TX 4802102 48 TX 4802702 48 TX 4802902 48 TX 4803102 48 TX 4803302 48 TX 4803702 48 TX 4803902 48 TX 4804102 48 TX 4804302 48 TX 4804502 48 TX 4804702 48 TX 4804902 48 TX 4805502 48 TX 4807102 48 TX 4808102 48 TX 4808502 48 TX 4809102 48 TX 4811302 48 TX 4811902 48 TX 4812102 48 TX 4812702 48 TX 4813902 48 TX 4814102 48 TX 4814302 48 TX 4815702 48 TX 4816702 48 TX 4818302 48 TX 4818702 48 TX 4819902 48 TX 4820102 48 TX 4820302 48 TX 4820902 48 TX 4821302 48 TX 4822102 48 TX 4823102 48 TX 4824102 48 TX 4824502 48 TX 4825102 48 TX 4825702 48 TX 4829102 48 TX 4833902 48 TX 4836102 48 TX 4836702 48 TX 4839702 48 TX 4840102 48 TX 4842302 A-13 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 48 TX 4843902 48 TX 4845302 48 TX 4845902 48 TX 4847302 48 TX 4849102 48 TX 4849302 49 UT 4900102 49 UT 4900302 49 UT 4900502 49 UT 4900702 49 UT 4900902 49 UT 4901102 49 UT 4901302 49 UT 4901502 49 UT 4901702 49 UT 4901902 49 UT 4902102 49 UT 4902302 49 UT 4902502 49 UT 4902702 49 UT 4902902 49 UT 4903102 49 UT 4903302 49 UT 4903502 49 UT 4903702 49 UT 4903902 49 UT 4904102 49 UT 4904302 49 UT 4904502 49 UT 4904702 49 UT 4904902 49 UT 4905102 49 UT 4905302 49 UT 4905502 49 UT 4905702 50 VT 5000002 51 VA 5101302 51 VA 5102302 51 VA 5103302 51 VA 5103602 51 VA 5104102 51 VA 5105902 51 VA 5106902 51 VA 5107302 51 VA 5108502 51 VA 5108702 51 VA 5109302 51 VA 5109502 51 VA 5110702 51 VA 5114902 51 VA 5115302 51 VA 5116102 51 VA 5117702 51 VA 5117902 51 VA 5119902 51 VA 5151002 51 VA 5155002 51 VA 5157002 51 VA 5163002 51 VA 5165002 51 VA 5167002 A-14 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-2. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State Registration Distribution State FIPS Abbreviation File Name 51 VA 5170002 51 VA 5171002 51 VA 5173002 51 VA 5173502 51 VA 5174002 51 VA 5176002 51 VA 5177002 51 VA 5177502 51 VA 5180002 51 VA 5181002 51 VA 5183002 51 VA 5184002 51 VA Default 53 WA 5300002 54 WV Default 55 Wl 5500002 56 WY Default 72 PR Default 78 VI Default All external file names use the file name extension REG. All file names have the form aabbbcc.reg, where aa is the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county and cc is the last two digits of the calendar year. Default means that the MOBILE6 default registration distributions were used. A-15 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-3. 25 Year Trend of Vehicle Registrations And New Sales in Puerto Rico Year New Vehicle Sales Total Vehicle Registrations 1973 138,108 681,596 1974 66,738 738,485 1975 73,388 773,742 1976 83,505 814,373 1977 110,393 830,373 1978 101,254 980,200 1979 103,859 1,035,200 1980 88,000 1,120,312 1981 98,193 1,201,774 1982 66,158 1,228,405 1983 60,987 1,259,111 1984 92,974 1,245,000 1985 116,431 1,353,670 1986 141,219 1,451,281 1987 118,048 1,560,308 1988 131,958 1,551,415 1989 148,459 1,567,319 1990 125,577 1,582,081 1991 116,386 1,516,102 1992 113,682 1,650,709 1993 141,550 1,740,371 1994 146,951 1,872,361 1995 160,394 2,014,207 1996 147,605 2,166,697 1997 180,027 2,272,643 Highway Statistics 2002. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 2002. A-16 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-4. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies Diesel Sales Fraction State FIPS State Abbreviation File Name 1 AL Default 2 AK Default 4 AZ 0401302 4 AZ Default 5 AR Default 6 CA Default 8 CO Default 9 CT Default 10 DE Default 11 DC Default 12 FL Default 13 GA Default 15 HI Default 16 ID Default 17 IL Default 18 IN Default 19 IA 1900002 20 KS Default 21 KY Default 22 LA Default 23 ME Default 24 MD 2400302 24 MD 2400902 24 MD 2401502 24 MD 2401702 24 MD 2402102 24 MD 2403102 24 MD 2403302 24 MD 2403502 24 MD 2404302 24 MD Default 25 MA Default 26 Ml Default 27 MN 2700102 27 MN 2700302 27 MN 2700502 27 MN 2700702 27 MN 2700902 27 MN 2701102 27 MN 2701302 27 MN 2701502 27 MN 2701702 27 MN 2701902 27 MN 2702102 27 MN 2702302 27 MN 2702502 27 MN 2702702 27 MN 2702902 27 MN 2703102 27 MN 2703302 27 MN 2703502 27 MN 2703702 A-17 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-4. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State FIPS State Abbreviation Diesel Sales Fraction File Name 27 MN 2703902 27 MN 2704102 27 MN 2704302 27 MN 2704502 27 MN 2704702 27 MN 2704902 27 MN 2705102 27 MN 2705302 27 MN 2705502 27 MN 2705702 27 MN 2705902 27 MN 2706102 27 MN 2706302 27 MN 2706502 27 MN 2706702 27 MN 2706902 27 MN 2707102 27 MN 2707302 27 MN 2707502 27 MN 2707702 27 MN 2707902 27 MN 2708102 27 MN 2708302 27 MN 2708502 27 MN 2708702 27 MN 2708902 27 MN 2709102 27 MN 2709302 27 MN 2709502 27 MN 2709702 27 MN 2709902 27 MN 2710102 27 MN 2710302 27 MN 2710502 27 MN 2710702 27 MN 2710902 27 MN 2711102 27 MN 2711302 27 MN 2711502 27 MN 2711702 27 MN 2711902 27 MN 2712102 27 MN 2712302 27 MN 2712502 27 MN 2712702 27 MN 2712902 27 MN 2713102 27 MN 2713302 27 MN 2713502 27 MN 2713702 A-18 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-4. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies Diesel Sales Fraction State FIPS State Abbreviation File Name 27 MN 2713902 27 MN 2714102 27 MN 2714302 27 MN 2714502 27 MN 2714702 27 MN 2714902 27 MN 2715102 27 MN 2715302 27 MN 2715502 27 MN 2715702 27 MN 2715902 27 MN 2716102 27 MN 2716302 27 MN 2716502 27 MN 2716702 27 MN 2716902 27 MN 2717102 27 MN 2717302 28 MS Default 29 MO Default 30 MT Default 31 NE Default 32 NV Default 33 NH Default 34 NJ 3400102 35 NM Default 36 NY 3600102 36 NY 3600502 37 NC Default 38 ND Default 39 OH Default 40 OK Default 41 OR Default 42 PA Default 44 Rl Default 45 SC Default 46 SD Default 47 TN Default 48 TX 4800102 48 TX 4802102 48 TX 4802902 48 TX 4803902 48 TX 4808502 48 TX 4811302 48 TX 4813902 48 TX 4814102 48 TX 4818302 48 TX 4819902 49 UT Default 50 VT Default 51 VA 5101302 51 VA 5105902 51 VA 5110702 A-19 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-4. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies Diesel Sales Fraction State FIPS State Abbreviation File Name 51 VA 5115302 51 VA 5117902 51 VA 5151002 51 VA Default 53 WA Default 54 WV Default 55 Wl Default 56 WY Default 72 PR Default 78 VI Default All external file names use the file name extension DSL. All file names have the form aabbbcc.dsl, where aa is the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county and cc is the last two digits of the calendar year. Default means that the MOBILE6 default diesel sales fractions were used. A-20 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-5. Average Speeds by Road Type and Vehicle Type (mph) Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Principal Minor Major Minor Interstate Arterial Arterial Collector Collector Local LDV 60 45 40 35 30 30 LDT 55 45 40 35 30 30 HDV 40 35 30 25 25 25 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Other Freeways & Principal Minor Interstate Expressways Arterial Arterial Collector Local LDV 45 45 20 20 20 20 LDT 45 45 20 20 20 20 HDV 35 35 15 15 15 15 LDV: Passenger cars. LDT : Trucks less than 8,500 lbs. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). HDV : Trucks greater than 8,500 lbs. GVWR. A-21 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-6. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies Average Speed State County State Distribution Base File FIPS FIPS Abbreviation County Name Name 10 1 DE Kent County 1000102 10 3 DE New Castle County 1000302 10 5 DE Sussex County 1000502 11 1 DC District of Columbia 1100102 19 1 IA Adair County 1900102 19 3 IA Adams County 1900302 19 5 IA Allamakee County 1900502 19 7 IA Appanoose County 1900702 19 9 IA Audubon County 1900902 19 11 IA Benton County 1901102 19 13 IA Black Hawk County 1901302 19 15 IA Boone County 1901502 19 17 IA Bremer County 1901702 19 19 IA Buchanan County 1901902 19 21 IA Buena Vista County 1902102 19 23 IA Butler County 1902302 19 25 IA Calhoun County 1902502 19 27 IA Carroll County 1902702 19 29 IA Cass County 1902902 19 31 IA Cedar County 1903102 19 33 IA Cerro Gordo County 1903302 19 35 IA Cherokee County 1903502 19 37 IA Chickasaw County 1903702 19 39 IA Clarke County 1903902 19 41 IA Clay County 1904102 19 43 IA Clayton County 1904302 19 45 IA Clinton County 1904502 19 47 IA Crawford County 1904702 19 49 IA Dallas County 1904902 19 51 IA Davis County 1905102 19 53 IA Decatur County 1905302 19 55 IA Delaware County 1905502 19 57 IA Des Moines County 1905702 19 59 IA Dickinson County 1905902 19 61 IA Dubuque County 1906102 19 63 IA Emmet County 1906302 19 65 IA Fayette County 1906502 19 67 IA Floyd County 1906702 19 69 IA Franklin County 1906902 19 71 IA Fremont County 1907102 19 73 IA Greene County 1907302 19 75 IA Grundy County 1907502 19 77 IA Guthrie County 1907702 19 79 IA Hamilton County 1907902 19 81 IA Hancock County 1908102 19 83 IA Hardin County 1908302 19 85 IA Harrison County 1908502 19 87 IA Henry County 1908702 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-22 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-6. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies Average Speed State County State Distribution Base File FIPS FIPS Abbreviation County Name Name 19 89 IA Howard County 1908902 19 91 IA Humboldt County 1909102 19 93 IA Ida County 1909302 19 95 IA Iowa County 1909502 19 97 IA Jackson County 1909702 19 99 IA Jasper County 1909902 19 101 IA Jefferson County 1910102 19 103 IA Johnson County 1910302 19 105 IA Jones County 1910502 19 107 IA Keokuk County 1910702 19 109 IA Kossuth County 1910902 19 111 IA Lee County 1911102 19 113 IA Linn County 1911302 19 115 IA Louisa County 1911502 19 117 IA Lucas County 1911702 19 119 IA Lyon County 1911902 19 121 IA Madison County 1912102 19 123 IA Mahaska County 1912302 19 125 IA Marion County 1912502 19 127 IA Marshall County 1912702 19 129 IA Mills County 1912902 19 131 IA Mitchell County 1913102 19 133 IA Monona County 1913302 19 135 IA Monroe County 1913502 19 137 IA Montgomery County 1913702 19 139 IA Muscatine County 1913902 19 141 IA O'Brien County 1914102 19 143 IA Osceola County 1914302 19 145 IA Page County 1914502 19 147 IA Palo Alto County 1914702 19 149 IA Plymouth County 1914902 19 151 IA Pocahontas County 1915102 19 153 IA Polk County 1915302 19 155 IA Pottawattamie County 1915502 19 157 IA Poweshiek County 1915702 19 159 IA Ringgold County 1915902 19 161 IA Sac County 1916102 19 163 IA Scott County 1916302 19 165 IA Shelby County 1916502 19 167 IA Sioux County 1916702 19 169 IA Story County 1916902 19 171 IA Tama County 1917102 19 173 IA Taylor County 1917302 19 175 IA Union County 1917502 19 177 IA Van Buren County 1917702 19 179 IA Wapello County 1917902 19 181 IA Warren County 1918102 19 183 IA Washington County 1918302 19 185 IA Wayne County 1918502 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-23 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-6. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies Average Speed State County State Distribution Base File FIPS FIPS Abbreviation County Name Name 19 187 IA Webster County 1918702 19 189 IA Winnebago County 1918902 19 191 IA Winneshiek County 1919102 19 193 IA Woodbury County 1919302 19 195 IA Worth County 1919502 19 197 IA Wright County 1919702 24 1 MD Allegany County 2400002 24 3 MD Anne Arundel County 2400002 24 5 MD Baltimore County 2400002 24 9 MD Calvert County 2400002 24 11 MD Caroline County 2400002 24 13 MD Carroll County 2400002 24 15 MD Cecil County 2400002 24 17 MD Charles County 2400002 24 19 MD Dorchester County 2400002 24 21 MD Frederick County 2400002 24 23 MD Garrett County 2400002 24 25 MD Harford County 2400002 24 27 MD Howard County 2400002 24 29 MD Kent County 2400002 24 31 MD Montgomery County 2400002 24 33 MD Prince George's County 2400002 24 35 MD Queen Anne's County 2400002 24 37 MD St. Mary's County 2400002 24 39 MD Somerset County 2400002 24 41 MD Talbot County 2400002 24 43 MD Washington County 2400002 24 45 MD Wicomico County 2400002 24 47 MD Worcester County 2400002 24 510 MD Baltimore city 2400002 34 1 NJ Atlantic County 3400102 34 3 NJ Bergen County 3400302 34 5 NJ Burlington County 3400502 34 7 NJ Camden County 3400702 34 9 NJ Cape May County 3400902 34 11 NJ Cumberland County 3401102 34 13 NJ Essex County 3401302 34 15 NJ Gloucester County 3401502 34 17 NJ Hudson County 3401702 34 19 NJ Hunterdon County 3401902 34 21 NJ Mercer County 3402102 34 23 NJ Middlesex County 3402302 34 25 NJ Monmouth County 3402502 34 27 NJ Morris County 3402702 34 29 NJ Ocean County 3402902 34 31 NJ Passaic County 3403102 34 33 NJ Salem County 3403302 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-24 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-6. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies Average Speed State County State Distribution Base File FIPS FIPS Abbreviation County Name Name 34 35 NJ Somerset County 3403502 34 37 NJ Sussex County 3403702 34 39 NJ Union County 3403902 34 41 NJ Warren County 3404102 35 1 NM Bernalillo County 3500102 44 1 Rl Bristol County 4400002 44 3 Rl Kent County 4400002 44 5 Rl Newport County 4400002 44 7 Rl Providence County 4400002 44 9 Rl Washington County 4400002 49 1 UT Beaver County 4900102 49 3 UT Box Elder County 4900102 49 5 UT Cache County 4900102 49 7 UT Carbon County 4900102 49 9 UT Daggett County 4900102 49 11 UT Davis County 4901102 49 13 UT Duchesne County 4900102 49 15 UT Emery County 4900102 49 17 UT Garfield County 4900102 49 19 UT Grand County 4900102 49 21 UT Iron County 4900102 49 23 UT Juab County 4900102 49 25 UT Kane County 4900102 49 27 UT Millard County 4900102 49 29 UT Morgan County 4900102 49 31 UT Piute County 4900102 49 33 UT Rich County 4900102 49 35 UT Salt Lake County 4903502 49 37 UT San Juan County 4900102 49 39 UT Sanpete County 4900102 49 41 UT Sevier County 4900102 49 43 UT Summit County 4900102 49 45 UT Tooele County 4900102 49 47 UT Uintah County 4900102 49 49 UT Utah County 4904902 49 51 UT Wasatch County 4900102 49 53 UT Washington County 4900102 49 55 UT Wayne County 4900102 49 57 UT Weber County 4905702 51 1 VA Accomack County 5100102 51 3 VA Albemarle County 5100302 51 5 VA Alleghany County 5100502 51 7 VA Amelia County 5100702 51 9 VA Amherst County 5100902 51 11 VA Appomattox County 5101102 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-25 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-6. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State FIPS County FIPS State Abbreviation County Name Average Speed Distribution Base File Name 51 13 VA Arlington County 5101302 51 15 VA Augusta County 5101502 51 17 VA Bath County 5101702 51 19 VA Bedford County 5101902 51 21 VA Bland County 5102102 51 23 VA Botetourt County 5102302 51 25 VA Brunswick County 5102502 51 27 VA Buchanan County 5102702 51 29 VA Buckingham County 5102902 51 31 VA Campbell County 5103102 51 33 VA Caroline County 5103302 51 35 VA Carroll County 5103502 51 36 VA Charles City County 5103602 51 37 VA Charlotte County 5103702 51 41 VA Chesterfield County 5104102 51 43 VA Clarke County 5104302 51 45 VA Craig County 5104502 51 47 VA Culpeper County 5104702 51 49 VA Cumberland County 5104902 51 51 VA Dickenson County 5105102 51 53 VA Dinwiddie County 5105302 51 57 VA Essex County 5105702 51 59 VA Fairfax County 5105902 51 61 VA Fauquier County 5106102 51 63 VA Floyd County 5106302 51 65 VA Fluvanna County 5106502 51 67 VA Franklin County 5106702 51 69 VA Frederick County 5106902 51 71 VA Giles County 5107102 51 73 VA Gloucester County 5107302 51 75 VA Goochland County 5107502 51 77 VA Grayson County 5107702 51 79 VA Greene County 5107902 51 81 VA Greensville County 5108102 51 83 VA Halifax County 5108302 51 85 VA Hanover County 5108502 51 87 VA Henrico County 5108702 51 89 VA Henry County 5108902 51 91 VA Highland County 5109102 51 93 VA Isle of Wight County 5109302 51 95 VA James City County 5109502 51 97 VA King and Queen County 5109702 51 99 VA King George County 5109902 51 101 VA King William County 5110102 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-26 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-6. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State FIPS County FIPS State Abbreviation County Name Average Speed Distribution Base File Name 51 103 VA Lancaster County 5110302 51 105 VA Lee County 5110502 51 107 VA Loudoun County 5110702 51 109 VA Louisa County 5110902 51 111 VA Lunenburg County 5111102 51 113 VA Madison County 5111302 51 115 VA Mathews County 5111502 51 117 VA Mecklenburg County 5111702 51 119 VA Middlesex County 5111902 51 121 VA Montgomery County 5112102 51 125 VA Nelson County 5112502 51 127 VA New Kent County 5112702 51 131 VA Northampton County 5113102 51 133 VA Northumberland County 5113302 51 135 VA Nottoway County 5113502 51 137 VA Orange County 5113702 51 139 VA Page County 5113902 51 141 VA Patrick County 5114102 51 143 VA Pittsylvania County 5114302 51 145 VA Powhatan County 5114502 51 147 VA Prince Edward County 5114702 51 149 VA Prince George County 5114902 51 153 VA Prince William County 5115302 51 155 VA Pulaski County 5115502 51 157 VA Rappahannock County 5115702 51 159 VA Richmond County 5115902 51 161 VA Roanoke County 5116102 51 163 VA Rockbridge County 5116302 51 165 VA Rockingham County 5116502 51 167 VA Russell County 5116702 51 169 VA Scott County 5116902 51 171 VA Shenandoah County 5117102 51 173 VA Smyth County 5117302 51 175 VA Southampton County 5117502 51 177 VA Spotsylvania County 5117702 51 179 VA Stafford County 5117902 51 181 VA Surry County 5118102 51 183 VA Sussex County 5118302 51 185 VA Tazewell County 5118502 51 187 VA Warren County 5118702 51 191 VA Washington County 5119102 51 193 VA Westmoreland County 5119302 51 195 VA Wise County 5119502 51 197 VA Wythe County 5119702 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-27 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-6. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State FIPS County FIPS State Abbreviation County Name Average Speed Distribution Base File Name 51 199 VA York County 5119902 51 510 VA Alexandria city 5151002 51 515 VA Bedford city 5151502 51 520 VA Bristol city 5152002 51 530 VA Buena Vista city 5153002 51 540 VA Charlottesville city 5154002 51 550 VA Chesapeake city 5155002 51 570 VA Colonial Heights city 5157002 51 580 VA Covington city 5158002 51 590 VA Danville city 5159002 51 595 VA Emporia city 5159502 51 600 VA Fairfax city 5160002 51 610 VA Falls Church city 5161002 51 620 VA Franklin city 5162002 51 630 VA Fredericksburg city 5163002 51 640 VA Galax city 5164002 51 650 VA Hampton city 5165002 51 660 VA Harrisonburg city 5166002 51 670 VA Hopewell city 5167002 51 678 VA Lexington city 5167802 51 680 VA Lynchburg city 5168002 51 683 VA Manassas city 5168302 51 685 VA Manassas Park city 5168502 51 690 VA Martinsville city 5169002 51 700 VA Newport News city 5170002 51 710 VA Norfolk city 5171002 51 720 VA Norton city 5172002 51 730 VA Petersburg city 5173002 51 735 VA Poquoson city 5173502 51 740 VA Portsmouth city 5174002 51 750 VA Radford city 5175002 51 760 VA Richmond city 5176002 51 770 VA Roanoke city 5177002 51 775 VA Salem city 5177502 51 790 VA Staunton city 5179002 51 800 VA Suffolk city 5180002 51 810 VA Virginia Beach city 5181002 51 820 VA Waynesboro city 5182002 51 830 VA Williamsburg city 5183002 51 840 VA Winchester city 5184002 All external file names use the base file name with extensions which identify which of the 12 HPMS roadway types that the speeds apply to. All file names have the form aabbbcc.ddd, where aa is the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county, cc is the last two digits of the calendar year and ddd indicates the HPMS roadway type. A-28 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-7. Trip Length Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies State FIPS County FIPS State Abbreviation County Name Trip Length File Name 11 1 DC District of Columbia 1100102 24 9 MD Calvert County 2400002 24 17 MD Charles County 2400002 24 21 MD Frederick County 2400002 24 31 MD Montgomery County 2400002 24 33 MD Prince George's County 2400002 48 39 TX Brazoria County 4803902 48 71 TX Chambers County 4803902 48 85 TX Collin County 4808502 48 113 TX Dallas County 4811302 48 121 TX Denton County 4808502 48 139 TX Ellis County 4813902 48 157 TX FortBend County 4803902 48 167 TX Galveston County 4803902 48 201 TX Harris County 4803902 48 213 TX Henderson County 4813902 48 221 TX Hood County 4813902 48 231 TX Hunt County 4813902 48 251 TX Johnson County 4813902 48 257 TX Kaufman County 4813902 48 291 TX Liberty County 4803902 48 339 TX Montgomery County 4803902 48 367 TX Parker County 4813902 48 397 TX Rockwall County 4813902 48 439 TX Tarrant County 4811302 48 473 TX Waller County 4803902 51 13 VA Arlington County 5101302 51 59 VA Fairfax County 5101302 51 107 VA Loudoun County 5101302 51 153 VA Prince William County 5101302 51 179 VA Stafford County 5101302 51 510 VA Alexandria City 5101302 51 600 VA Fairfax City 5101302 51 610 VA Falls Church City 5101302 51 683 VA Manassas City 5101302 51 685 VA Manassas Park City 5101302 All external file names use the file name extension WDT. All file names have the form aabbbcc.wdt, where aa is the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county and cc is the last two digits of the calendar year. A-29 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-8. Vehicle Miles Traveled by Hour of the Day Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal (S/L/T) Agencies State County State FIPS FIPS Abbreviation County Name VMT by Hour File Name 17 31 IL Cook County 1703102 17 43 IL DuPage County 1703102 17 89 IL Kane County 1703102 17 97 IL Lake County 1703102 17 111 IL McHenry County 1703102 17 119 IL Madison County 1711902 17 133 IL Monroe County 1711902 17 163 IL St. Clair County 1711902 17 197 IL Will County 1703102 36 1 NY Albany County 3600102 36 3 NY Allegany County 3600302 36 5 NY Bronx County 3600502 36 7 NY Broome County 3600702 36 9 NY Cattaraugus County 3600302 36 11 NY Cayuga County 3600302 36 13 NY Chautauqua County 3600302 36 15 NY Chemung County 3601502 36 17 NY Chenango County 3600302 36 19 NY Clinton County 3600302 36 21 NY Columbia County 3600302 36 23 NY Cortland County 3600302 36 25 NY Delaware County 3600302 36 27 NY Dutchess County 3602702 36 29 NY Erie County 3602902 36 31 NY Essex County 3600302 36 33 NY Franklin County 3600302 36 35 NY Fulton County 3600302 36 37 NY Genesee County 3600302 36 39 NY Greene County 3600302 36 41 NY Hamilton County 3600302 36 43 NY Herkimer County 3600302 36 45 NY Jefferson County 3600302 36 47 NY Kings County 3604702 36 49 NY Lewis County 3600302 36 51 NY Livingston County 3600302 36 53 NY Madison County 3600302 36 55 NY Monroe County 3605502 36 57 NY Montgomery County 3600302 36 59 NY Nassau County 3605902 36 61 NY New York County 3606102 36 63 NY Niagara County 3606302 36 65 NY Oneida County 3606502 36 67 NY Onondaga County 3606702 36 69 NY Ontario County 3600302 36 71 NY Orange County 3607102 36 73 NY Orleans County 3600302 36 75 NY Oswego County 3600302 36 77 NY Otsego County 3600302 36 79 NY Putnam County 3607902 36 81 NY Queens County 3608102 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile A-30 National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. A. Local Data for NCD September 2007 Table A-8. Vehicle Miles Traveled by Hour of the Day Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal (S/L/T) Agencies State County State FIPS FIPS Abbreviation County Name VMT by Hour File Name 36 83 NY Rensselaer County 3608302 36 85 NY Richmond County 3608502 36 87 NY Rockland County 3608702 36 89 NY St. Lawrence County 3600302 36 91 NY Saratoga County 3609102 36 93 NY Schenectady County 3609302 36 95 NY Schoharie County 3600302 36 97 NY Schuyler County 3600302 36 99 NY Seneca County 3600302 36 101 NY Steuben County 3600302 36 103 NY Suffolk County 3610302 36 105 NY Sullivan County 3600302 36 107 NY Tioga County 3600302 36 109 NY Tompkins County 3610902 36 111 NY Ulster County 3600302 36 113 NY Warren County 3611302 36 115 NY Washington County 3611502 36 117 NY Wayne County 3600302 36 119 NY Westchester County 3611902 36 121 NY Wyoming County 3600302 36 123 NY Yates County 3600302 48 85 TX Collin County 4808502 48 113 TX Dallas County 4808502 48 121 TX Denton County 4808502 48 139 TX Ellis County 4813902 48 213 TX Henderson County 4813902 48 221 TX Hood County 4813902 48 231 TX Hunt County 4813902 48 251 TX Johnson County 4813902 48 257 TX Kaufman County 4813902 48 367 TX Parker County 4813902 48 397 TX Rockwall County 4813902 48 439 TX Tarrant County 4808502 49 11 UT Davis County 4901102 49 35 UT Salt Lake County 4903502 49 49 UT Utah County 4904902 49 57 UT Weber County 4905702 All external file names use the file name extension VMT. All file names have the form aabbbcc.vmt, where aa is the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county and cc is the last two digits of the calendar year. A-31 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- [This page intentionally left blank.] ------- September 2007 APPENDIX B.ONROAD MOBILE EMISSIONS DATA SUMMARIES FOR S/L/T SUBMITTALS B-l Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 ALABAMA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Alabama Department of Environmental Management Lisa Cole lbcole@adem.state.al.us 334-270-5615 348 CO, NOX, NH3, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). Additions All HAPs. ARIZONA - MARICOPA COUNTY S/L/T Agency: Maricopa Association of Governments Roger Roy Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: rroy@mag.maricopa.gov 602-254-6300 96 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections Deleted monthly emissions. Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. Additions All HAPs. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile B-2 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 ARIZONA - PIMA COUNTY S/L/T Agency: Pima Association of Governments Contact Natalie Shepp Information: nshepp@pagnet.org 520-792-1093 SCCs: 8 CAPs: CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • Summed seasonal values into annual values and in unit of 'TON' instead of 'LBS'. • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. Additions Added PM25-PRI, NH3, all HAPs. Note: The emissions of CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, S02, VOC were reported as daily emissions (Emission Type =27), not total seasonal emissions, but with start and end dates covering three seasons making up the entire year. Therefore, emissions for these pollutants are reported incorrectly in the draft 2002 NEI. Emissions should have first been calculated as total emissions for each season before summing to obtain annual emissions. However, preliminary checks on this indicate that the magnitude of the starting emissions are not truly daily lbs, either. These emissions will need to be reevaluated for the final 2002 NEI. B-3 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 ARKANSAS S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality Ron Hoofman hoofman@adeq.state.ar.us 501-682-0537 8 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Deleted all winter and summer emission values. • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. Additions All HAPs. B-4 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 CALIFORNIA S/L/T Agency: California Air Resources Board Andy Alexis Contact Information SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: 916-323-1085 aalexis@arb.ca.gov 31 CAPs, 27 HAPs (from onroad sources only) CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC 32 HAPS Corrections • Deleted emission records for SCCs other than onroad sources. • Deleted emission records for arsenic (7440382) and mercury (7439976), as well as for other HAPs not included in the onroad NEI. • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. • For CO, NH3, NOX, S02, and VOC, replaced last digit of SCC with 'X' for SCCs ending in '0' or 'B'. For PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI, replaced last digit of SCC with 'X' for SCCs ending in '0'. Additions • Added remaining HAPs from NMIM. B-5 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 COLORADO S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Colorado APCD Dale M. Wells 303-692-3237 dale.wells@state.co.us 636 (includes records marked with submittal flag of 'D'; 144 SCCs from records marked with submittal flag of 'A') CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, S02, VOC 35 Corrections • Deleted emission records with submittal flag of 'D\ • Deleted daily emission records. • All remaining SCCs (with submittal flag of 'A') ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Deleted emission records for arsenic (7440382) and mercury (7439976). Additions • Added PM25-PRI and remaining HAPs from NMIM. CONNECTICUT S/L/T Agency: Connecticut DEP Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Steven Potter 860-424-3384 steven.potter@po.state.ct.us 8 CO, NOX, VOC None Corrections Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. Additions Added S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, NH3 and all HAPs from NMIM. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile B-6 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 DELAWARE S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Delaware Dept of Natural Resources & Environmental Control, AQMS David Fees david. fees@state. de .us 302-739-4791 492 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC 50 Corrections • None. Additions • Added emissions for manganese compounds (198) and nickel compounds (226) from NMIM. B-7 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 FLORIDA - PINELLAS COUNTY S/L/T Agency: Pinellas County Department of Environmental Management Bob Soptei Contact Information SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: 727-464-4422 bsoptei@co.pinellas.fl.us 8 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Revised the following pollutant codes: 630080 to CO, 7446095 to S02, 7664417 to NH3, PM10 to PM10-PRI, and PM25P to PM25-PRI. • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. • Replaced tribal code with '000'. Additions All HAPs. B-8 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 GEORGIA-25-County Atlanta Area S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Georgia Environmental Protection Division Jon Morton 404 363 7039 j on_morton@dnr. state. ga .us 96 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. Additions All HAPs. GEORGIA (Rest-of-State) S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Georgia Environmental Protection Division Jon Morton 404 363 7039 j on_morton@dnr. state. ga .us 348 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). Deleted all data for Pickens County (227) where last digit of SCC is not equal to '0'. Emissions for Pickens County data were included in the Atlanta area data set with SCCs ending in '0'. Additions All HAPs. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile B-9 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 IDAHO S/L/T Agency: DEQ Contact Gary Reinbold Information: 208-373-0253 greinbol@deq. state, id.us SCCs: 48 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, VOC HAPs: 106990, 107028, 1634044, 50000, 71432, 75070 Corrections • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. Additions PM25-PRI, 44 HAPs. ILLINOIS S/L/T Agency: Illinois EPA Contact David 'Buzz' Asselmeier Information: 217-524-4343 buzz. asselmeier@epa. state, il.us SCCs: 104 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • Totaled monthly emissions to annual emissions. • Deleted ozone season day emission values. • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. Additions All HAPs. B-10 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 IOWA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Iowa DNR - Air Quality Mamie Stein 515-281-8468 mamie. stein@dnr. state. ia .us 2 NH3 None Corrections • Updated transmittal data for all counties. The source type was updated from 'AREA' to 'ON-ROAD MOBILE'. • Allocated emission data from two vehicle types to 12 vehicle types. NH3 emissions from SCC '2201001000' were allocated to 2201001, 2201020, 2201040, 2201070, and 2201080 vehicle types. NH3 emissions from SCC '2230001000' were allocated to 2230001, 2230060, 2230071, 2230072, 2230073, 2230074, and 2230075 vehicle types. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. Additions Added emissions of CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC, and all HAPs from NMIM. B-ll Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 KENTUCKY- JEFFERSON COUNTY S/L/T Agency: Louisville Metro APCD Gary Flispart Contact Information SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: 502-574-6000 Gary.Flispart@loukymetro.org CAPs-492, HAPs-144 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC 33 Corrections • Deleted daily emissions. • All HAP SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative emissions allocation for HAPs. Additions • Remaining HAPs. MAINE S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Bureau of Air Quality Control, DEP David Wright 207-287-6104 david.w.wright@state.me.us 492 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None. Additions All HAPs. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile B-12 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 MAINE-PENOBSCOT TRIBE S/L/T Agency: ITEP Sarah Kelly Contact Information SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: 928-523-6377 S arahKelly@nau.edu 3 CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, S02, VOC 106990, 107028, 1634044, 50000, 71432, 75070 Corrections • None. Emissions and VMT data were added to NEI for only the 3 SCCs included. No allocation of emissions or VMT were performed. Additions • None. B-13 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 MASSACHUSETTS S/L/T Agency: MADEP Contact Kenneth Santlal Information: 617-292-5776 kenneth. santlal@state .ma.us SCCs: 492 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections None. Additions All HAPs. Note: The Massachusetts criteria pollutant emissions in the draft 2002 NEI are those prepared for the final version of the MANE-VU 2002 emission inventory. MICHIGAN - 7 SEMCOG COUNTIES (093, 099,115,125,147,161, and 163) MI DEQ - Air Quality Allan Ostrander 517-335-2717 ostranda@michigan.gov SCCs: 8 CAPs: CO, NOX, VOC HAPs: None S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: Corrections Deleted daily emissions. Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. Additions NH3, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, and all HAPs. B-14 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 MINNESOTA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Chun Yi Wu 651-282-5855 chun.yi.wu@pca.state.mn.us 2 NH3 None Corrections • Updated transmittal data for all counties. The source type was updated from 'AREA' to 'ON-ROAD MOBILE'. • Allocated emission data from two vehicle types to 12 vehicle types. NH3 emissions from SCC '2201001000' were allocated to 2201001, 2201020, 2201040, 2201070, and 2201080 vehicle types. NH3 emissions from SCC '2230001000' were allocated to 2230001, 2230060, 2230071, 2230072, 2230073, 2230074, and 2230075 vehicle types. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. Additions Added emissions of CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC, and all HAPs from NMIM. MISSISSIPPI S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Mississippi DEQ Keith Head 601-961-5577 Keith_Head@deq. state. ms .us 348 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDY subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). Additions All HAPs. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile B-15 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 MISSOURI S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Department of Natural Resources Air Pollution C ontrol Program Carlton Flowers 573-751-4817 carlton. flowers@dnr. gov 8 CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Deleted seasonal daily emissions. • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. Additions NH3 and all HAPs. B-16 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 NEBRASKA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: LANCASTER COUNTY Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department Gary Bergstrom 402-441-6541 gbergstrom@ci.lincoln.ne.us 8 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Deleted unpaved road emissions (SCC=2296000000). • Deleted emissions reported with pollutant code "HAPS". • Changed pollutant code from SOX to S02. • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. • Replaced tribal code with '000'. Additions All HAPs. B-17 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 NEVADA - CLARK COUNTY S/L/T Agency: DAQM Contact Ebrahim Juma Information: 702-455-5942 juma@co.clark.nv.us SCCs: 494 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections Deleted emission data for SCCs '2294000000' and 2296000000. Additions All HAPs. NEVADA (excluding Clark and Washoe Counties) S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: NDEP Sig 775-687-9392 sj aunara@ndep. state. nv.us 456 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None. Additions All HAPs. B-18 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 NEW YORK S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: NYSDEC BAQP MSS Jeff Marshall 518-402-8396 j tmarsha@gw. dec. state .ny.us 588 (includes 96 invalid SCCs, corrected as described below) CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Corrected several field names and formats in the emission table, as some of the data fields were not correctly matched to the field name and most of the field names were not NIF-compliant. • Deleted emission records with no corresponding VMT record in PE table. • Deleted emission records with SCC starting with '2230' and ending with 'V' as there are no valid SCCs for evaporative emissions from diesels. Emissions from these records totaled 0. • Replaced SCC code for records starting with an invalid SCC code of "2201700" with the corrected SCC code starting with "2201070". • Changed pollutant code from NOx to NOX, PM10-FIL to PM10-PRI and code of PM25-FIL to PM25-PRI. • Corrected VMT values in four counties (Lewis, Rockland, Wayne, and Wyoming) for one 9-digit SCC in each county based on corrected data provided by New York. Additions All HAPs. B-19 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 NORTH CAROLINA S/L/T Agency: NCDAQ Contact Mike Abraczinskas Information: 919-715-3743 michael. abraczinskas@ncmail. net SCCs: 348 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • Replaced affiliation type code in TR table with 'Report Certifier' instead of '02'. Additions All HAPs. B-20 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 PENNSYLVANIA S/L/T Agency: PA DEP Contact Brian Trowbridge Information: 717-783-9720 brtrowbrid@state.pa.us SCCs: 494 (includes double-counting of SCCs for PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI) CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • All NOx, CO, S02, and NH3 SCCs ended in '0'. Replaced the tenth digit of the SCC code with "X" for all emission records of NOx, CO, S02, andNH3. • Emissions from PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI reported with SCCs ending in '0', 'X', 'B', and 'T', with emissions from SCCs ending in '0' equivalent to the sum of the emissions from SCCs ending in 'X', 'B', and 'T\ Deleted emission records with SCC code ending with '0' for pollutant codes of PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI to eliminate double- counting of these emissions. • All VOC SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative emissions allocation. • Changed pollutant code from NOx to NOX. • Changed the Organization Name field for all records in TR table from US EPA EFIG to Pennsylvania DEP. Additions All HAPs. B-21 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 TENNESSEE (Excluded the following counties: Davidson (037), Knox (093) and Hamilton (065), and Shelby (157)) S/L/T Agency: TDEC APC Contact Ron Redus Information: 615-532-0577 ron.redus@state.tn.us SCCs: 144 CAPs: CO, NOX, NH3, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Updated tribal code to '000'. Additions • Added emissions for all CAPs and HAPs for Hamilton County and Shelby County from NMIM. • Added HAPs from NMIM for counties included in this State submittal. TENNESSEE S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: - KNOX COUNTY (093) TDEC Ron Redus 615-532-0577 ron.redus@state.tn.us 144 CO, NOX, NH3, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Correction • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Updated tribal code to '000'. Additions All HAPs. B-22 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 TENNESSEE - DAVIDSON COUNTY (037) S/L/T Agency: Metro Public Health Department Nashville/Davidson Cty Contact Laura Artates Information: 615-340-5653 laura. artates@nashville. gov SCCs: 8 CAPs: CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Road type portion of SCC coded with '00'. Allocated emissions to 12 road types. • Deleted daily values. • Updated tribal code to '000'. Additions None. B-23 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 TEXAS S/L/T Agency: Texas Commission On Environmental Quality Contact Anusuya Iyer Information: 512-239-1435 aiyer@tceq. state. tx .us SCCs: 576 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • Deleted daily emission records. • Changed pollutant codes from PM10-FIL to PM10-PRI and PM25-FIL to PM25-PRI. • All NOx, CO, S02, and NH3 SCCs ended in '0'. Replaced the tenth digit of the SCC code with "X" for all emission records of NOx, CO, S02, andNH3. • All VOC SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative emissions allocation. • Replaced tribal code with '000'. Additions All HAPs. UTAH S/L/T Agency: UT Division of Air Quality Contact Carol Nielsen Information: 801-536-4073 cnielsen@utah.gov SCCs: 96 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: 106990, 107028, 1634044, 50000, 71432, 75070 Corrections • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. • Deleted PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI emissions. Based on supporting information provided by Utah, these emissions also included fugitive dust emissions. Additions • Added emissions for PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, and remaining HAPs from NMIM. B-24 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 VERMONT S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: VT Air Pollution Control Division Paul Wishinski 802-241-3862 paul.wishinski@anr.state.vt.us 88 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, S02, VOC 106990, 107028, 1634044, 50000, 71432, 7439976, 7440020, 7440382, 75070 Corrections • Deleted emission records with submittal flag of "RD". • Deleted all seasonal emission records. • Deleted emission records for arsenic (7440382) and mercury (7439976). • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). • All SCCs ended in '0'. Performed exhaust/evaporative/brake wear/tire wear emissions allocation. Summed monthly emission values to annual values and replaced the start date with 20020101 and the end date with 20021231. Additions • Added emissions for PM25-PRI based on the relationship between PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI for Vermont from the NMIM outputs and added remaining HAPs from NMIM. Note: The Vermont criteria pollutant emissions in the draft 2002 NEI are those prepared for the final version of the MANE-VU 2002 emission inventory. B-25 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. B. ONROAD MOBILE Emissions Data September 2007 WASHINGTON S/L/T Agency: WA Dept. of Ecology Contact Sally Otterson Information: 360-407-6806 sott461 @ecy. wa.gov SCCs: 492 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: 50 Corrections • Deleted seasonal emission values. Additions • Added emissions for manganese compounds (198) and nickel compounds (226) from NMIM. WEST VIRGINIA S/L/T Agency: WVDEP Division of Air Quality Contact David Porter Information: 304-926-3647 dporter@wvdep. org SCCs: 348 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • Emissions provided for 8 vehicle types. Allocated emissions for SCC starting with '2230070' to five HDDV subcategories (SCCs '2230071' through '2230075'). Additions All HAPs. B-26 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- September 2007 APPENDIX C.NONROAD MODEL EMISSIONS DATA SUMMARIES FOR S/L/T SUBMITTALS C-l Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 ALABAMA S/L/T Agency: Alabama Department of Environmental Management Contact Lisa B. Cole Information: lbcolea@adem. state, al. us (334) 270-5615 SCCs: 196 CAPs: CO, NOX, NH3, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections None Additions CO, NOX, NH3, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC (for some SCCs) All HAPs ARIZONA - MARICOPA COUNTY S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Maricopa County Bob Downing bdowning@mail.maricopa.gov (602) 506-6790 216 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None Additions All HAPs Notes: 1. Submitted 2 additional SCCs not included in NONROAD model, including 2265008010 and 2270008010; emission records for these SCCs could not be augmented with missing pollutants. C-2 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 ARKANSAS S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality Ron Hoofman hoofman@adeq. state, ar.us (501) 682-0537 193 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections Removed seasonal records Additions All HAPs CALIFORNIA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: California Air Resources Board Andy Alexis aalexis@arb.ca.gov (916)323-1085 30 CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC 32 HAPS Corrections • Changed TONS in Emission Unit Numerator to TON (EM table) • Removed records with pollutant code 1151; not a valid NIF3.0 HAP Additions NH3 Notes: 1. The California PE table had no data in it. The PE and EP tables from NMIM runs were used and the records were rolled up to the more aggregate SCCs provided by California. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile C-3 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 CALIFORNIA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: LAPOSTA TRIBE ITEP Sarah Kelly Sarah.Kelly@nau.edu (928)523-6377 3 CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None Additions Added PM25-PRI records using particle size distribution multipliers in NONROAD. COLORADO S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Colorado APCD Dale M. Wells dale.wells@state.co.us (303) 692-3237 214 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Removed summer day emissions • Revised VOC emissions for 1 record to correct for NONROAD NIF reporting error (STCTY FIPS 08079; SCC 2270002066) Additions CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC (for some counties) All HAPS Notes: 1. Colorado had two sets of records for Adams, Boulder, Jefferson, and Weld Counties. They were differentiated by submittal flags and those with "A" submittal flags were deleted and those with "RA" submittal flags were kept. 2. EPA used default 2002 NMIM results for Colorado for final NEI. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile C-4 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 DELAWARE S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Delaware Air Quality Management, DNREC David Fees david. fees@state. de .us (302) 739-4791 214 CO, C02, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC 55 Corrections • Removed C02 records • Removed 5 HAPs not on list of valid NIF3.0 HAPs Additions None Notes: 1. Started with 2002 MANE-VU CAP modeling inventory as basis. FLORIDA - PINELLAS COUNTY S/L/T Agency: PINELLAS COUNTY FLORIDA Contact Bob Soptei Information: bsoptei@pinellascounty.org 727-464-4719 SCCs: 12 CAPs: Provided comments for final NEI to delete specified CAP emission records HAPs: Provided comments for final NEI to delete specified HAP emission records Corrections None Additions None Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile C-5 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 GEORGIA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Georgia Environmental Protection Division Scott Southwick sc ott_southwick@dnr. state. ga .us (404) 362-4569 200 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None Additions NH3, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) All HAPs IDAHO S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: DEQ Gary Reinbold greinbol@deq. state, id.us (208) 373-0253 199 CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, PM-PRI, VOC None Corrections Deleted PM-PRI from EM and CE tables Additions NH3 and S02 CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) All HAPs Notes: 1. Idaho submitted two additional SCCs (2270002063 & 2265001020) not in the NONROAD model. As such, these SCCs could not be augmented with missing pollutant data. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile C-6 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 ILLINOIS S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Illinois EPA David 'Buzz' Asselmeier buzz. asselmeier@epa. state, il.us (217) 524-4343 214 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections Removed summer day records Additions NH3 (for some counties) All HAPs Notes: 1. EPA used default 2002 NMIM results for Illinois for final NEI. KENTUCKY- JEFFERSON COUNTY S/L/T Agency: Louisville Metro APCD Gary Flispart Gary.Flispart@loukymetro.org (502) 574-6000 SCCs: 185 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Contact Information Corrections None Additions NH3, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) All HAPs C-7 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 MAINE S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Maine DEP Bureau of Air Quality David Wright David.W.Wright@maine.gov (207) 287-6104 214 CO, C02, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Removed C02 records • Removed average summer day and winter weekday records Additions All HAPs Notes: 1 Started with 2002 MANE-VU CAP modeling inventory as basis. MAINE - PENOBSCOT TRIBE S/L/T Agency: ITEP Contact Angelique Luedeker Information: angelique.luedeker@nau.edu SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: 928-523-5037 8 CO, NOX, PM-PRI, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC 13 Corrections None Additions None Notes: 1. Tribal data not available from EPA NMIM data to augment missing SCCs and pollutants. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile C-8 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 MARYLAND S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Maryland Department of the Environment Roger Thunell rthunell@mde.state.md.us (410)537-3273 207 CO, C02, NH3, NOX, PM-PRI, S02, HC None Corrections Changed PM-PRI to PM10-PRI • Converted HC to VOC using SCC-level NONROAD model conversion factors • Removed C02 records Additions CO, NH3, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) • Added PM25-PRI records using particle size distribution multipliers in NONROAD All HAPs Notes: 1. Started with 2002 MANE-VU CAP modeling inventory as basis. 2. Maryland submitted seasonal records, representing summer, autumn, winter, and spring. These were summed together to develop annual emissions. MICHIGAN S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Michigan DEQ Air Quality Allan Ostrander ostranda@michigan. gov (517)335-2717 214 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None Additions Notes: 1 .Michigan requested that EPA use the default 2002 NMIM results for their State in place of their submittal. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile C-9 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 MISSISSIPPI S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Mississippi DEQ Keith Head Keith_Head@deq.state.ms.us (601)961-5577 192 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None Additions CO, NH3, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) All HAPs NEBRASKA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: LANCASTER COUNTY Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department Gary Bergstrom gbergstrom@ci.lincoln.ne.us (402) 441-6541 1 CO, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None Additions Notes: 1 Lancaster County requested that EPA use the default 2002 NMIM results for their State in place of their submittal. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile C-10 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 NEVADA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: NDEP Brenda Harpring bharprin@ndep. nv. go v (775) 687-9498 185 CO, NOX, PM-PRI None Corrections Changed PM-PRI to PM10-PRI Additions NH3, S02, VOC • NOX, and PM10-PRI (for some counties) • Added PM25-PRI using particle size distribution multipliers in NONROAD All HAPs Notes: 1. Nevada's submittal included all counties except for Clark and Washoe County. Clark County provided its own submittal, and Washoe county records were added based on EPA's default inventory. 2. Nevada submitted seasonal records, representing summer, autumn, winter, and spring. These were summed together to develop annual emissions. C-ll Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 NEVADA - CLARK COUNTY S/L/T Agency: DAQM Contact Ebrahim Juma Information: UMA@CO.CLARK.NV.US (702) 455-1621 SCCs: 183 CAPs: CO, C02, HC, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, SOX HAPs: None Corrections • Renamed SOX to S02 • Converted HC to VOC using SCC-level NONROAD model conversion factors • Removed C02 records Additions NH3 NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC (for some counties) All HAPs C-12 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 NEW HAMPSHIRE S/L/T Agency: NH Dept of Environmental Services Air Resources Division Contact David Healy Information: dhealy@des.state.nh.us (603) 271-0871 SCCs: 6 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: 32 Corrections • NH provided HAP emissions at an SCC-aggregated level (i.e., 4-digit SCC or engine type). • Estimated PM25-PRI emissions for SCC 2270008000 using the assumption that 97% of PM10 is PM25 (NONROAD2004). • Where HAPs matched EPA reported HAPs in preliminary NEI, EPA estimated 10-digit SCC emissions using county ratio of 10-digit to 4-digit SCC pollutant emissions from the 2002 preliminary NEI for NH. • For non-matching HAPs: • Allocated p-xylene, m-xylene, and o-xylene (CAS 106423, 108383, 95476) based on Xylenes mixture (CAS 1330207). • Allocated Chromium & Compounds (CAS 136) based on Chromium III (CAS 16065831). • Allocated Manganese & Compounds (CAS 198) based on Manganese (7439965). • Allocated Nickel & Compounds (CAS 226) based on Nickel (CAS 7440020). • Removed records for Mercury (CAS 7439976) and Arsenic & Compounds (CAS 93). • All other reported non-matching HAP estimates were retained at the 4-digit SCC level. Additions NH3 CO, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) Notes: 1. Started with 2002 MANE-VU CAP modeling inventory as basis, which had already compiled the NR Model output from NR Model runs they performed to develop the CAP inventory in NIF3.0 format at the 10-digit SCC level.. 2. Submitted 1 additional SCC not in NONROAD model (2270008000); as such, this SCC could not be augmented with missing pollutant data (except for PM25-PRI as described above). C-13 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 NEW JERSEY S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: NJ Department of Environmental Protection John Gorgol john. gorgol@dep .state.nj .us (609)292-1413 216 CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections None Additions All HAPs Notes: 1. Started with 2002 MANE-VU CAP modeling inventory as basis. 2. Submitted 2 additional SCCs not included in NONROAD model, including 2260008005 and 2268008005; emission records for these SCCs could not be augmented with missing pollutants. C-14 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 NEW YORK S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: NYSDEC Division of Air Resources BAQP/MSS Kevin P. McGarry kpmcgarr@gw. dec .state .ny.us (518) 402-8396 214 CO, C02, NH3, NOX, PM, PM25, S02, VOC None Corrections • Removed C02 records Changed PM to PM 10-PRI and PM25 to PM25-PRI • Removed Material Code "0" from EM and PE tables • Removed SIC code "0" from EP table • Divided NH3 emissions by 1,000 to convert the emissions to the correct unit basis. Additions All HAPs Notes: 1. Started with 2002 MANE-VU CAP modeling inventory as basis. NORTH CAROLINA S/L/T Agency: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. Contact Kirstin B. Thesing Information: kthesing@pechan.com (919) 493-3144 SCCs: 201 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • Added Affiliation Type Code "Report Certifier" to TR table. Additions CO, NH3, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) All HAPs C-15 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 OREGON S/L/T Agency: ODEQ Contact Jeffrey Stocum Information: Stocum.jeffrey@deq.state.or.us (503) 229-5506 SCCs: 38 CAPs: CO, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC HAPs: 34 Corrections EM table Changed PM10 to PM10-PRI Changed PM25 to PM25-PRI • Changed CAS Number 630080 to CO • Changed SOX to S02 • Allocated 7-digit SCC estimates for Chromium & Compounds (CAS 136) using 10- digit SCC estimates for Chromium III (CAS 16065831) • Removed records for Mercury (CAS 7439976) and Flourine (CAS 7782414) EM and PE Table • Changed PER CAPITA in Throughput Unit Numerator field to EACH • Changed HOURS of 0[peration] in Throughput Unit Numerator field to HOUR • Changed Gallons bu[rned] in Throughput Unit Numerator field to GAL CE Table • Deleted the CE table since there was no primary device type listed and no controlled emissions were in the table. Additions NH3 and 15 HAPs • CO, S02, and 28 HAPs (for some counties) Notes: 1. Oregon's submittal was provided at the nonroad category level (i.e., the 7-digit SCC level). EPA estimated 10-digit SCC emissions using county ratio of 10-digit to 7-digit SCC pollutant emissions from the 2002 preliminary NEI for Oregon. This was done for all HAPs except flourine compounds (CAS 7782414) since flourine compounds is not a valid NIF3.0 HAP. C-16 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 PENNSYLVANIA S/L/T Agency: PA DEP Contact Chris Trostle Information: dtrostle@state.pa.us (717) 787-9494 SCCs: 214 CAPs: CO, C02, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections • Removed C02 records • Removed average summer weekday and average winter weekday records Additions All HAPs Notes: 1. Started with 2002 MANE-VU CAP modeling inventory as basis. C-17 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 TENNESSEE S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: TDEC APC James R. Redus Ron.Redus@state.tn.us (615)532-0577 201 CO, NOX, PM-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections Changed PM-PRI to PM10-PRI Additions NH3 CO, NOX, S02, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) • Added PM25-PRI records using particle size distribution multipliers in NONROAD All HAPs Notes: 1. Tennessee's submittal included all counties except for Davidson, Hamilton, Knox, and Shelby Counties. Davidson County provided its own submittal, and records for Hamilton, Knox, and Shelby counties were added based on EPA's default inventory. C-18 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 TENNESSEE S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: DAVIDSON COUNTY Metro Public Health Department Nashville/Davidson Cty Laura Artates laura. artates@nashville. gov (615) 340-5653 192 CO, NOX, PM-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections Changed PM-PRI to PM10-PRI Additions NH3 NOX, S02, PM 10-PRI, PM25-PRI, VOC (for some counties) • Added PM25-PRI records using particle size distribution multipliers in NONROAD All HAPs C-19 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 TEXAS S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: TCEQ Charlie Rubick cmbick@tceq.state.tx.us (512) 239-0058 219 CO, C02, NH3, NOX, PM10-FIL, PM10-PRI, PM25-FIL, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC None Corrections • Removed daily records • Removed C02, PM10-FIL and PM25-FIL records • Removed records with a submittal flag of "D" Changed "TONS" to "TON", "LBS" to "LB" Additions • NH3 (for some counties) All HAPs Notes: 1. Submitted 2 additional SCCs not in NONROAD model including 2270002063 and 2270008000; emission records for these SCCs could not be augmented with missing pollutants. 2. Submitted emissions data for 3 oil field equipment SCCs for final 2002 NEI. C-20 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 UTAH S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: UT Division of Air Quality Carol A. Nielsen CANielsen@Utah.gov (801) 536-4073 214 CO, NOX, PM10, S02, VOC None Corrections Changed PM10 to PM10-PRI • VOC actually represented HC emissions - converted emission values to VOC using SCC-specific NONROAD conversion factors Additions NH3 • Added PM25-PRI records using NONROAD particle size distribution multipliers All HAPs Notes: 1. Records were labeled as seasonal that actually represented annual emissions; start date, end date, and emission type were corrected to reflect annual time period. 2. EPA used default 2002 NMIM results for Utah for final NEI. C-21 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 VIRGINIA S/L/T Agency: Contact Information: SCCs: CAPs: HAPs: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality Thomas C. Foster tcfoster@deq.state.va.us (804) 698-4411 214 CO, NOX, VOC None Corrections None. Additions Notes: 1. Virginia only submitted daily emission estimates; as such, EPA used the default 2002 NMIM results for the annual emissions inventory for this State. WASHINGTON S/L/T Agency: WA Dept. of Ecology Contact Sally Otterson Information: sott461@ecy.wa.gov (360) 407-6806 SCCs: 214 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: 49 Corrections • Removed seasonal records Additions • NH3 (for some counties) • 1 HAP (for some counties), Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (CAS 1634044) Notes: 1. Washington's inventory did not include King, Kitsap, Pierce or Snohomish counties. Records for these counties were added based on EPA's default NMIM inventory. Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile C-22 National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- App. C. NONROAD Model Data September 2007 WEST VIRGINIA S/L/T Agency: WVDEP Division of Air Quality Contact David Porter Information: dporter@wvdep.org (304) 926-3647 SCCs: 193 CAPs: CO, NH3, NOX, PM-PRI, S02, VOC HAPs: None Corrections Changed PM-PRI to PM10-PRI • Removed summer weekday records Additions CO, NH3, NOX, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, S02, VOC (for some counties) • Added PM25-PRI records by using NONROAD particle size distribution multipliers All HAPs C-23 Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Em issions Inventory, Version 3 ------- [This page intentionally left blank.] ------- United States Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Publication No. EPA-454/B-20-022 Environmental Protection Air Quality Assessment Division September 2007 Agency Research Triangle Park, NC ------- |