Control Strategy Tool (CoST)
Training Manual and User's Guide
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Contacts: David Misenheimer and Larry Sorrels
Last Updated
August 1, 2012
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Contents
Tables iv
Figures v
Acronyms vii
1 Introduction 1-1
2 Installing CoST Software and Data 2-1
2.1 Background on the CoST Client-Server System 2-1
2.2 Downloading the Software Installation Package 2-2
2.3 Installing Java 2-3
2.4 Installing PostgreSQL Database 2-4
2.5 Installing Tomcat Web/Application Server 2-7
2.6 Installing CoST Application 2-9
2.7 (Optional) Removing CoST Installation Package 2-11
2.8 Logging in to the EMF 2-11
3 Control Measure Manager 3-1
3.1 Control Measure Manager 3-2
3.2 Viewing Data for an Existing Control Measure 3-11
3.2.1 Viewing the Summary Tab for a Control Measure 3-12
3.2.2 Viewing the Efficiencies Tab for a Control Measure 3-14
3.2.3 Viewing the SCCs Tab for a Control Measure 3-18
3.2.4 Viewing the Equations Tab for a Control Measure 3-19
3.2.5 Viewing the Properties Tab for a Control Measure 3-21
3.2.6 Viewing the References Tab for a Control Measure 3-23
3.3 Copying a Control Measure 3-24
3.4 Editing Control Measure Data 3-25
3.4.1 Editing the Summary Tab for a Control Measure 3-25
3.4.2 Editing the Efficiencies Tab for a Control Measure 3-27
3.4.3 Editing the SCCs Tab for a Control Measure 3-30
3.4.4 Editing the Equations Tab for a Control Measure 3-32
3.4.5 Editing the Properties Tab for a Control Measure 3-34
3.4.6 Editing the References Tab for a Control Measure 3-37
3.5 Creating a New Control Measure 3-39
3.6 Finding Available Control Measures for Specific SCCs 3-40
3.7 The Pollutant Menu 3-41
3.8 The Cost Year Menu 3-42
3.9 Importing and Exporting Control Measure Data 3-42
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
4 Control Strategy Manager 4-1
4.1 Introduction to Control Strategies 4-1
4.1.1 Maximum Emissions Reduction Control Strategy 4-5
4.1.2 Apply Measures in Series Control Strategy 4-5
4.1.3 Least Cost Control Strategy 4-5
4.1.4 Least Cost Curve Control Strategy 4-6
4.1.5 Annotate Inventory Control Strategy 4-8
4.1.6 Multi-Pollutant Maximum Emissions Reduction Control Strategy 4-9
4.2 Managing Control Strategies 4-9
4.2.1 Opening the Control Strategy Manager 4-10
4.2.2 Sorting and Filtering Control Strategies 4-11
4.2.3 Copying Control Strategies 4-12
4.2.4 Removing Control Strategies 4-12
4.2.5 Creating a New Control Strategy 4-13
4.2.6 Editing Control Strategies 4-13
4.3 Inputs to Control Strategies 4-15
4.3.1 Inputs on the Summary tab 4-15
4.3.2 Fields Automatically Set by CoST 4-16
4.3.3 Inputs on the Inventories Tab 4-17
4.3.4 Inputs on the Measures Tab 4-25
4.3.5 Input on Constraints Tab 4-29
4.4 Running a Strategy and Accessing Its Outputs 4-33
4.4.1 Running a Strategy 4-33
4.4.2 Viewing and Editing Properties of the Strategy Outputs 4-36
4.4.3 Summarizing the Strategy Outputs 4-40
4.4.4 Exporting the Strategy Outputs 4-46
4.4.5 Analyzing the Strategy Outputs 4-46
4.4.6 Creating a Controlled Emissions Inventory 4-48
4.4.7 Creating Custom Strategy Outputs 4-50
4.5 Outputs of Control Strategies 4-50
4.5.1 Strategy Detailed Result 4-50
4.5.2 Strategy Measure Summary 4-56
4.5.3 Strategy County Summary 4-58
4.5.4 Controlled Emissions Inventory 4-59
4.5.5 Strategy Messages 4-59
4.6 Summaries of Strategy Inputs and Outputs 4-63
5 Control Strategy Exercises 5-1
5.1 Importing an Emissions Inventory (or County List File) 5-1
5.2 Running a Maximum Emissions Reduction Strategy 5-2
5.3 Running a Strategy with a Hypothetical Measure 5-2
5.4 Examining Cobenefits 5-3
6 Example SQL Statements for Creating Row Filters 6-1
7 References 7-1
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Tables
Table 3-1. Columns on the Control Measure Manager 3-5
Table 3-2. Components on the Summary Tab of the View Control Measure Window 3-12
Table 3-3. Components on the Control Measure View Efficiency Record Window 3-16
Table 3-4. Components on the Control Measure Equations Tab 3-20
Table 3-5. Components on the Control Measure View Efficiency Record Window 3-22
Table 4-1. Summary of Strategy Algorithms 4-3
Table 4-2. Key Columns of the Control Strategy Manager 4-11
Table 4-3. Tabs of the Edit Control Strategy Window 4-14
Table 4-4. Fields on the Control Strategy Summary Tab Automatically Set by CoST 4-17
Table 4-5. Tabs of the Dataset Properties View and Edit Windows 4-20
Table 4-6. Examples of Row Filters (Data Viewer window) and Inventory Filters
(Inventories tab of the Edit Control Strategy window) 4-23
Table 4-7. Constraints Common to Multiple Control Strategy Types 4-29
Table 4-8. Excerpt from the gdplev Table Used to Convert Data between Cost Years 4-51
Table 4-9. Columns in the Strategy Detailed Result 4-52
Table 4-10. Columns in the Strategy Measure Summary 4-57
Table 4-11. Columns in the Strategy County Summary 4-58
Table 4-12. Columns in the Strategy Messages Output 4-60
Table 4-13. Example of Strategy Messages Output 4-61
Table 4-14. Example of Strategy Measure Summary Data 4-62
Table 4-15. Example of Strategy County Summary Data 4-62
Table 6-1. Examples of Row Filters (Data Viewer window) and Inventory Filters
(Inventories tab of the Edit Control Strategy window) 6-1
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figures
Figure 2-1. CoST/EMF Client-Server System 2-1
Figure 2-2. Installation Package Zip File Folder and File Structure 2-2
Figure 2-4. Login to the Emissions Modeling Framework Window 2-11
Figure 2-5. Register New User Window 2-12
Figure 2-6. EMF Main Window 2-13
Figure 3-1. Manage Menu of EMF Main Window 3-2
Figure 3-2. Control Measure Manager before Control Measures are Loaded 3-3
Figure 3-3. Control Measure Manager with Control Measures 3-4
Figure 3-4. Control Measure Manager showing Control Measure Details 3-5
Figure 3-5. Filter Rows Dialog 3-7
Figure 3-6. Control Measure Manager with Filter Applied 3-8
Figure 3-7. Show/Hide Columns Dialog 3-9
Figure 3-8. Format Columns Dialog 3-10
Figure 3-9. Summary Tab of View Control Measure Window 3-12
Figure 3-10. Efficiencies Tab of View Control Measure Window 3-14
Figure 3-11. View Efficiency Record Window 3-16
Figure 3-12. SCCs Tab of View Control Measure Window 3-19
Figure 3-13. Equations Tab of View Control Measure Window 3-20
Figure 3-14. Properties Tab of View Control Measure Window 3-21
Figure 3-15. View Property Record Window 3-22
Figure 3-16. References Tab of View Control Measure Window 3-23
Figure 3-17. View Reference Record Window 3-24
Figure 3-18. Summary Tab of Edit Control Measure Window 3-26
Figure 3-19. Efficiencies Tab of Edit Control Measure Window 3-28
Figure 3-20. Edit Efficiency Record Window 3-29
Figure 3-21. SCCs Tab of Edit Control Measure Window 3-30
Figure 3-22. Select SCCs and Filter Rows Dialogs 3-31
Figure 3-23. Equations Tab of Edit Control Measure Window 3-33
Figure 3-24. Properties Tab of Edit Control Measure Window 3-35
Figure 3-25. Edit Property Record Window 3-36
Figure 3-26. References Tab of Edit Control Measure Window 3-37
Figure 3-27. Edit Reference Record Window 3-38
Figure 3-28. Add Reference Record Window 3-39
Figure 3-29. Exporting Control Measures Dialog 3-43
Figure 3-30. Browser 3-44
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-31. Import Control Measures Dialog 3-46
Figure 4-1. Basic Steps for Running a Control Strategy 4-2
Figure 4-2. Manage Menu of EMF Main Window 4-10
Figure 4-3. Control Strategy Manager Window 4-10
Figure 4-4. Filter Rows to Show Only Strategies Targeting NOx 4-12
Figure 4-5. Summary Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window 4-14
Figure 4-6. Inventories Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window 4-18
Figure 4-7. Selecting Inventory Datasets for a Control Strategy 4-19
Figure 4-8. Dataset Properties View Window for an Emissions Inventory 4-21
Figure 4-9. Data Viewer for an Emissions Inventory 4-22
Figure 4-10. Measures Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window 4-26
Figure 4-11. Dialog to Add Specific Control Measures to a Strategy 4-27
Figure 4-12. Measures Tab Showing Specific Measures to Include 4-28
Figure 4-13. Constraints Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window 4-31
Figure 4-14. Constraints Tab (for Multi-Pollutant Maximum Emission Reduction strategy
type) of Edit Control Strategy Window 4-32
Figure 4-15. Edit Target Pollutant Dialog of Edit Control Strategy Window 4-33
Figure 4-16. Outputs Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window for Least Cost Strategy 4-35
Figure 4-17. Sample Outputs Tab for a Least Cost Curve Strategy 4-36
Figure 4-18. View Data for Strategy Detailed Result 4-37
Figure 4-19. Summary Tab of Dataset Properties Editor 4-38
Figure 4-20. Keywords Tab of Dataset Properties Editor 4-39
Figure 4-21. Summarizing a Strategy Detailed Result 4-41
Figure 4-22. Available QA Summaries for a Strategy Detailed Result 4-41
Figure 4-23. Edit QA Step Window to Create a Summary 4-42
Figure 4-24. View QA Step Results Window 4-43
Figure 4-25. KMZ File Generator 4-44
Figure 4-26. Analyze Control Strategy Window 4-47
Figure 4-27. Analyzing a Least Cost Curve Output 4-48
Figure 4-28. Controlled Inventory for Maximum Emissions Reduction Example 4-49
Figure 4-29. Controlled Inventory for Least Cost Curve Example 4-49
Figure 4-30. Control Technologies used within a Least Cost Analysis 4-65
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Acronyms
AQM Air Quality Model
CE Control Efficiency
CMAQ Community Multiscale Air Quality model
CMAS Community Modeling and Analysis System
CoST Control Strategy Tool
CPT Cost per Ton
CRF Capital Recovery Factor
CSV Comma-separated values
DBF D-base Format
EC Elemental Carbon
EMF Emissions Modeling Framework
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute (creators of ArcGIS software)
FGD Flue Gas Desulfurization
FGR Flue gas recirculation
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GIS Geographic information system
GUI Graphical User Interface
HEID Health and Environmental Impacts Division (of EPA)
IE Institute for the Environment (University of North Carolina)
LNB Low NOx Burner
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
NEI National Emissions Inventory
NSCR Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction
OC Organic Carbon
O&M Operating and Maintenance
ORL One record per line
PM10 Particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less
PM2 5 Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less
PR Percent Reduction
RE Rule Effectiveness
RP Rule Penetration
SCC Source Classification Code
SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
SIC Standard Industrial Classification
SNCR Selective Noncatalytic Reduction
SQL Structured Query Language
SMOKE Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions modeling system
tpy Tons per year
UNC University of North Carolina
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
1 Introduction
This document provides a training manual and user's guide for the Control Strategy Tool (CoST)
software developed by EPA's Health and Environmental Impacts Division (HEID). CoST allows
users to estimate the emission reductions and costs associated with future-year control scenarios,
and then to generate emission inventories with the control scenarios applied [Misenheimer, 2007;
Eyth, 2008], CoST tracks information about control measures, their costs, and the types of
emissions sources to which they apply. The purpose of CoST is to support national- and
regional-scale multipollutant analyses. CoST helps to develop control strategies that match
control measures to emission sources using algorithms such as "Maximum Emissions
Reduction" (for both single- and multiple-target pollutants), "Least Cost", and "Apply Measures
in Series".
The result of a control strategy run contains information that specifies the estimated cost and
emissions reduction achieved for each control measure-source combination. CoST is an
engineering cost estimation tool for creating controlled inventories and is not currently intended
to model emissions trading strategies, nor is it an economic impact tool. Control strategy results
can be exported to comma-separated-values (CSV) files, Google Earth-compatible (.kmz) files,
or Shapefiles. The results can also be viewed in a graphical table that supports sorting, filtering,
and plotting. The Strategy Detailed Results from a strategy can also be merged with the original
inventory to create controlled emissions inventories datasets that can be exported to files that can
be input to the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) modeling system, which is
used by EPA to prepare emissions inputs for air quality modeling.
CoST is a component of the Emissions Modeling Framework (EMF), which is currently being
used by EPA to solve many of the long-standing complexities of emissions modeling [Houyoux,
2008], Emissions modeling is the process by which emissions inventories and other related
information is converted to hourly, gridded, chemically speciated emissions estimates suitable
for input to an air quality model such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model.
The EMF supports the management and quality assurance of emissions inventories and
emissions modeling-related data, and also the running of SMOKE to develop CMAQ inputs.
Providing CoST as a tool integrated within the EMF facilitates a level of collaboration between
control strategy development and emissions inventory modeling that was not previously possible.
The concepts that have been added to the EMF for CoST are "control measures" and "control
strategies". Control measures store information about available control technologies and
practices that reduce emissions, the source categories to which they apply, the expected control
efficiencies, and their estimated costs. A control strategy is a set of control measures applied to
emissions inventory sources (in addition to any controls that are already in place) to accomplish
an emissions reduction goal. These concepts are discussed in more detail later in this document.
CoST supports multipollutant analyses and data transparency, and provides a wide array of
options for developing control strategies. CoST uses a Control Measures Database to develop
control strategies, and provides a user interface to that database. CoST has been developed to
replace the older AirControlNET software. It has been applied to develop strategies for criteria
and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). CoST has been used in some very limited analyses for
greenhouse gases (GHGs). The main limiting factors in performing GHG analyses is the
availability of (1) GHG emissions inventories at an appropriate level of detail, and (2) control
measures for GHGs.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
CoST is an extensible software system that provides several types of algorithms for developing
control strategies:
• "Maximum Emissions Reduction"
• "Multi-Pollutant Maximum Emissions Reduction"
• "Least Cost"
• "Least Cost Curve"
• "Apply Measures in Series"
The first four algorithms are typically used for point and area sources; the last one is usually used
for mobile sources, for which most control techniques are independent of one another.
This document provides information on how to use CoST to view and edit control measures and
how to develop control strategies. This includes how to specify the input parameters to control
strategies, how to run the strategies, and how to analyze the outputs from the strategies. For
additional information on other aspects of CoST, please see the following independent
documents:
• Control Strategy Tool (CoST) Development Document: describes the algorithms
implemented in the software
• Control Strategy Tool (CoST) Control Measures Database Documentation: describes the
contents of the Control Measures Database
• Control Strategy Tool (CoST) Cost Equations Documentation: describes how CoST uses
control measure engineering cost equations
These documents, and additional information about CoST, can be found at: http://www.epa.gov/
ttn/ecas/cost.htm. A glossary of terms is included as an appendix to this document.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
2 Installing CoST Software and Data
2.1 Background on the CoST Client-Server System
Because CoST is fully integrated within the EMF, installing CoST is the same as installing the
EMF. There are two parts of the CoST/EMF system: a client and a server. For this guide, it is
assumed that you need to install both the client and the server.
In a client-server system, there is a client portion of the system that runs on your desktop
computer. The CoST/EMF client is a Java program that accesses software running on the
CoST/EMF server. Because it is written in Java, it requires that a recent version of Java be
installed on each user's computer. The EMF server runs a PostgreSQL
(http://www.postgresql.org) database that stores information related to emissions modeling,
including emissions inventory datasets and a database of control measures. When a control
strategy is developed, new datasets and summaries of them are created within CoST, and
controlled emissions inventories can optionally be generated. These emissions inventories can be
exported from CoST and then used as inputs to the SMOKE modeling system, which prepares
emissions data for use in the CMAQ model. A schematic of the CoST/EMF client-server system
is shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1. CoST/EMF Client-Server System
Future
Base Case
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
2.2 Downloading the Software Installation Package
The software installation package is a ZIP file ( -250MB) that contains all the relevant supporting
applications and software required to run the CoST system on a Windows-based machine. CoST
requires Java Runtime Environment 6 (also known as JRE 1.6), Tomcat, and PostgreSQL.
The total space required for the software is 5GB. Around 1.5GB of space can be freed at the end
of the installation process. Make sure you have enough storage space (-40-50 GB) available to
allow for future usage with your own custom inventories and control measures in the CoST
system.
The software package can be downloaded via UNC's Community Modeling and Analysis
System (CMAS).
1. Download the installation package at the CMAS software download site:
http ://www.cmascenter.org/download/ software .cfm
2. Unzip the ControlStrategyTool.zip file into a known folder location.
Figure 2-2 lists the batch file and the folders that are located in the install zip file; these are
described below the figure.
Figure 2-2. Installation Package Zip File Folder and File Structure
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• Install_EMF.bat - bat file to install the EMF Client and Server
• \control_measures - contains measures in the database (note: These are already installed)
• \database_backup - contains a backup of the database
• \EMF_Client - includes client installation package (all the Java libraries etc.)
• \EMF_Server - includes the emf.war file that will be pushed to the tomcat server
• \inventories - contains inventories
• \javajre - includes the Java JRE installation package
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
• \postgresql - includes the PostgreSQL installation package and postgresql jdbc driver
• \tomcat - includes the Tomcat installation package
2.3 Installing Java
3. Go to the java jre directory and double click the executable file, jre-6u30-windows-
i586.exe.
Follow the installation steps as illustrated in the following figures.
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Click Close to finalize the installation process.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
2.4 Installing PostgreSQL Database
4. Go to the postgresql directory and find the executable file, postgresql-9.1.2-1-
windows.exe. For Windows 7 and Vista, right click the file and choose Run as
administrator to install PostgreSQL. For Windows XP, just double click the file to
install PostgreSQL.
During the installation process, you'll be prompted to enter a database superuser
password. For this step, try and use the password postgres. Note, that your network
administrator might enforce password security restrictions. If this is the case, then
use a password that meets these restrictions. Remember this password for a later
step during the installation.
Follow the installation steps as illustrated in the following figures.
Welcome to the PostgreSQL Setup Wizard.
Cancel "|
Click Next to begin the installation process.
Installation Directory
Please specify the directory where PostgreSQL will be installed,
Installation Directory C: \Prograrn Files\PostgreSQL\9,11 |
The default location is sufficient, click Next to continue to the next step. Remember this
directory for later use in Step 2-6.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
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Data Directory
Please select a directory under which to store your data.
Data Directory :\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.1\data|
The default location is sufficient, click Next to continue to the next step.
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Please provide a password for the database superuser (postgres) and service account (postgres). If the
service account already exists in WindowSj you must enter the current password for the account. If the
account does not exist, it will be created when you click 'Next'.
Password ••••••••
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For this step, make sure you use the password postgres. This password is expected
during a later step when installing the CoST database. Note, that your network
administrator could have password security restrictions. If this is the case, then use
a password that meets these restrictions. Remember this password for a later step
during the installation.
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Please select the port number the server should listen on.
Port 5432|
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The default Port is sufficient, click Next to continue to the next step.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
»3 Setup
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Select the locale to be used by the new database cluster.
Locale [Default locale]
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The default Locale is sufficient, click Next to continue to the next step.
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When you reach the end, uncheck the Launch Stack Builder option and click Finish
The PostgreSQL database is now installed and ready for the CoST system database. This
database will be installed in a later step.
2.5 Installing Tomcat Web/Application Server
5. Go to the tomcat directory and find the executable file, apache-tomcat-6.0.35.exe.
Double click the file to install Tomcat. Follow the installation steps as illustrated in the
following figures.
Welcome to the Apache Tomcat
Setup Wizard
This wizard will guide you through the installation of Apache
Tomcat.
It is recommended that you close all other applications
before starting Setup, This will make it possible to update
relevant system files without having to reboot your
computer.
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Click Next to begin the installation process.
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Press Page Down to see the rest of the agreement.
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
1. Definitions.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. v
If you accept the terms of the agreement, click I Agree to continue. You must accept the
agreement to install Apache Tomcat,
I Agree
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
ClickAgree to continue to the next step.
P%l Apache Tomcat Setup
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Choose which features of Apache Tomcat you want to install,
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Expand the Tomcat option and check the Service Startup and Native components and
then click Next. Note by checking Service Startup, this important step will make sure
the application server is available on startup when the machine is rebooted.
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Tomcat basic configuration.
Server Shutdown Port
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Java Virtual Machine path selection.
Please select the path of a Java SE 5.0 or later JRE installed on your system.
C:\Program Files\Java\jre6
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The default location is sufficient, click Next to continue to the next step.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
i Apache Tomcat Setup
Choose Install Location
Choose the folder in which to install Apache Tomcat,
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Browse and select another folder. Click Install to start the installation.
Destination Folder
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The default location is sufficient, click Install to install the Tomcat web server.
Remember this folder for later use in Step 2-6.
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Please wait while Apache Tomcat is being installed.
Extract: requestProcess.pdf
Once the program files have been installed click Next to finalize installation process.
Completing the Apache Tomcat
Setup Wizard
Apache Tomcat has been installed on your computer.
Click Finish to close this wizard.
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When you reach the end, click Finish. The Tomcat application server is now installed
and ready for the CoST system application. This CoST application will be installed in
the next step.
2.6 Installing CoST Application
6. Go to the root directory where the zip file was installed and find the Install_EMF.bat
executable file. Edit the bat file and change the following variables to match your
computer's settings:
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
SET EMF CLIENT DIRECTORY=C:\EMF State
SET EMFDATADIRECTORY=C :\EMF_State_Data
SET POSTGRESDIR=C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.1
SET TOMCAT_DIR=C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0
The EMFCLIENTDIRECTORY variable contains the location where the EMF client
application will be installed. This is the location where you will find the actual program
to run CoST.
The EMF DATA DIRECTORY variable contains the location where the EMF data files
(e.g., inventories and control measure import files) will be installed.
The POSTGRESDIR variable contains the location where the PostgreSQL application
was installed.
The TOMCAT DIR variable contains the location where the Tomcat application was
installed.
7. Next, you will execute the batch file via the command prompt. For Windows 7 and
Vista, right click the command prompt and choose Run as administrator. For Windows
XP, run the command prompt through normal means. Go the root folder of the install
package.
C :\>cd C:\cost_software_installation_root_directotry
From there, execute the Install_EMF.bat by running the follow command:
C:\>C:\cost_software_installation_root_directotry>Install_EMF.bat
Note: This installation process can take around 30-40 minutes to finish. During the
installation process, you will be prompted once (see Figure below) to enter the
PostgreSQL superuser password, postgres. You will be prompted three times to enter
the emf user password, emf. The emf user password will be required when creating the
database, restoring the database backup, and when executing some SQL UPDATE
statements to the new database.
! Administrator: C:\Windows\system32\CMD.exe - Inst3ll_EMF_test.bat
B
EMF_ClientNconf igSref\delimitedSStateCountyFIPsCodes.csu
EMF_ClientSconf igSref SdelimitedSstates .txt
EMF_ClientSconf igSrefSdelimitedSTribalCodes.csu
25 file copied.
Copy control measures
control_measuresSmeasure_20120325_efficiencies.csu
control_measures\measure_20120325_equations.csu
control_measuresNmeasure_20±20325_Props.csu
control_measures\measure_20120325_Refs.csu
control_measuresNmeasure_20120325_SCCs.csu
control_measuresNmeasure_20120325_summary.csu
6 filets) copied.
Copy inuentories
inuentoriesSarinu_nonpt_pf4_cap_nopf c_2017ct_nc_sc_ua_18jan2012_u0_orl.txt
inuentories\arinu_nonpt_pf 4_cap_nopf c_2017ct_ref_28jul20il_u0_orl.txt
inuentories\ptinu_ptnonipm_xportfrac_cap20±7ct_nc_sc_ua_±8jan2012_u0_or1.txt
inuentoriesSptinu_ptnonipm_xportfrac_cap2017ct_ref_28jul2011_u0_orl.txt
4 file copied.
Vou will be prompted to enter the PosgreSQL Super User password (i.e., postgres)
during the next step. Press enter to continue to the next step where you'11 en
ter the password...
Type in the PostgreSQL Super User password, creating database user (emf> for new
database
Password for user postgres:
u
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
11. Next, go to the directory containing the EMF client application; this was specified in the
batch file via the EMFCLIENTDIRECTORY variable. Edit the EMFClient.bat batch
file to match your computer's settings:
set EMF_HOME=Location of EMF client application (e.g., C:\EMF_State - see
EMF CLIENT DIRECTORY environment from Step 6)
set JAVA_EXE= Location of Java runtime application (e.g., C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\java, note
that the directory is C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin and java is the Java runtime application)
12. Run the client by double clicking on the bat file EMFClient.bat. Instead of the using the
default system login, we recommend creating a new user by clicking the Register New
User button as shown in Figure 2-4.
2.7 (Optional) Removing CoST Installation Package
13. Go to the root directory where the zip file was installed (e.g., c:\temp\state_install).
Remove all files and sub folders from this directory. The original zip package contains a
compressed version of the installation package and can be kept for reference purposes.
Removing these files and directories will free up around 1.5GB of space.
2.8 Logging in to the EMF
The CoST application can now be run by going to the EMF client directory and locating the
EMFClient.bat file. Double click this file, and you will then be prompted to log in to the system.
If the configuration was specified properly and the server is running, you should see a window
like Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-3. Login to the Emissions Modeling Framework Window
^ Login to the Emissions Modeling Framework [v2.5 - 03/21/2012] u [xj
EMF Username
EMF Password
Log In
Cancel
Register New User
Reset Password
If you have never used the EMF before, click the Register New User button. You will then see a
window that looks like Figure 2-5.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 2-4. Register New User Window
Register New User rr" S
Profile
Name
Affiliation
Phone
Email
0 Receives EMF update emails?
Login
Username
Password
Confirm Password
Save
Close
In the Register New User window, fill in your full name, affiliation, phone number, and email
address. You may then select a username with at least three characters and enter a password with
at least 8 characters and at least one digit and then click OK. Once your account has been
created, the EMF main window should appear (Figure 2-6).
If instead you are an existing EMF user, enter your EMF username and password in the "Login
to the Emissions Modeling Framework" window and click Log In. The EMF main window
should appear (Figure 2-6).
Note: The administrator EMF login name is admin, with a password admin!2345.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 2-5. EMF Main Window
K* Emissions Modeling Framework (EMF): delvecch (delvecch),
Server (localhost)
File Manage Window Tools Help
i£.Sta(us
nr
~
Last Update : 01/26/2012 14:42:05 ft
Refresh
Messag.J
Message
Timesta...
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
3 Control Measure Manager
This section demonstrates the features of the Control Measure Manager. The CoST installation
already includes updated area- and stationary-source control measures. These measures can be
used as is during control strategy runs. The client user can also edit these measures, or import
their own measures to be used by CoST.
The Control Measure Manager allows control measure data to be entered, viewed, and edited.
The data that the Control Measure Manager is showing are stored in the Control Measures
Database (CMDB). The CMDB is stored as a set of tables within the EMF database. Control
measures can also be imported from files that are provided in a specific CSV format and
exported to that same format. Control measures store information about control technologies
and practices that are available to reduce emissions, the source categories to which they
apply, the expected control efficiencies, and their estimated costs. In CoST, the control
measures are stored separately from the emission inventory data and are matched with the
emission sources using a list of Source Classification Codes (SCCs) that are specified for each
control measure. The Control Measure Manager has the following major features:
• Facilitates storing and maintaining control measure data
• Shows minimum, maximum, and average control efficiency, cost per ton (based on year
2006 values), and average rule effectiveness and rule penetration
• Displays other control measure attributes (e.g., abbreviation, major pollutant, source
group, equipment life, sectors, class)
• Allows import of control measure information into the system from CSV files
• Enables export of control measure to CSV files
In this section, you will learn how to:
• View, sort, and filter a list of control measures from the Control Measure Manager
window
• Find control measure that apply to selected SCCs
• View the detailed data available for a control measure, including control efficiencies,
SCCs, cost equations, and properties
• Copy control measures
• Edit data for control measures
• Create new control measures
• Filter and display cost and control efficiency information for major and co-benefit
pollutants of the measures
• See cost per ton information for different cost years
• Export control measures data
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
This section is presented as a series of steps so that it can be used as part of a training class
or tutorial on how to use CoST.
3.1 Control Measure Manager
We begin by opening the Control Measure Manager and exploring the buttons and menus in the
upper portion of the window.
1. To open the Control Measure Manager, choose Control Measures from the Manage
menu on the EMF main window (Figure 2-6), as shown in Figure 3-1. The Control
Measure Manager window will appear (Figure 3-2). When the window first appears, it
will be empty. Notice that the window appears within the EMF main window.
Figure 3-1. Manage Menu of EMF Main Window
Emissions Modeling Framework (EMF): delvecch (delvecch), Server (localhost) ~
Manage Window Tools Help
File
DatasetTypes
Sectors
Control Measures
Control Strategies
Control Programs
Users
My Profile
Last Update: 01/31/2012 14:45:15
Message...! Message iTimesta..
Notice the different parts of the Control Measure Manager window. There is a Pollutant
Filter at the top, along with a Show Details checkbox and a Refresh button. Below those
buttons is a toolbar full of buttons that operate on the data shown in the table below the
toolbar, which is currently empty. There is also a distinct set of buttons and pull-down
menus below the table. The functions of all of these buttons will be discussed in the
coming sections.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-2. Control Measure Manager before Control Measures are Loaded
Emissions Modeling Framework (EMF): delvecch (delvecch), Server (localhost)
File Manage Window Tools Help
n" BP
Control Measure Manager
Please select a pollutant to retrieve related control measures.
Refresh
Pollutant Filter Select one
¦w mt 44 I -g
* ~ Show Details?
Name contains:
Abbreviation Pollutant
0 rows: 5 columns: 0 Selected [Filter None, Sort Name(+)]
Copy
Cost Year: 2006 ~
Import
Export
Last Update : 01/31/2012 14:46:15
Message..]-
Message
ITimesta...
2. To show some of the control measures from the database in the table, select a pollutant
from the Pollutant Filter pull-down menu at the upper left corner of the Control Measure
Manager (for the training, click on the down arrow and use the scroll bar to find and
select PM10). Information about any control measures that control the selected pollutant
will appear in the window (Figure 3-3). At this point, only the control measure name,
abbreviation, pollutant, and sector are shown in the manager window. Note that name
of each control measure must be unique within the database, and that the control
measures appear in a table in which the data can be sorted and filtered.
The abbreviation is a set of characters that is a 'short-hand' for the control measure.
Typically, the abbreviation should express the name of the control measure in an
abbreviated form such that if someone is familiar with the abbreviation conventions, the
person might be able to infer the name of the measure. Typically the first character of the
measure denotes the 'major pollutant' (e.g., 'P' for PM controls, 'N' for NOx controls,
'S' for SO2 controls). The next few characters usually denote the control technology (e.g.,
'ESP' for Electrostatic Precipitator, 'FFM' for fabric filter mechanical shaker).
Abbreviations must be unique within the database (i.e., no two control measures can use
the same abbreviation).
3-3
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-3. Control Measure Manager with Control Measures
rf. Emissions Modeling Framework (EMF): delvecch (delvecch), Server (localhost)
File Manage Window Tools Help
Control Measure Manager
a Ef
Pollutant Fitter PM10
$#cci
^ ~ Show Details?
Name contains:
JL
Name
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Non-Ferrous Meta.
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Non-Ferrous Meta.
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Wood Pulp & Paper
Dust Control Plan;Residential, Industrial, Commercial, Institutional, Ro..
Electrostatic Precipitator;Commercial Cooking (Charbroiling)
Electrostatic Precipitator;Petroleum Refinery Catalytic and Thermal Cra..
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type); Utility Boilers - Coal
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Asphalt Manufacture
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing -..
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing -..
Fahrir Filter fMerh Qhalfer Tvne»Vi'PM1 m ForrniiQ Metalc: PrnroQQinn -
PDESPWDPP
PCONWATCHM
PESPPETCRK
PFFMSASMN
Sector
ptnonipm
ptnonipm
ptnonipm
nonpt
ptnonipm
ptipm
ptnonipm
ptnonipm
ntnnriinm
146 rows : 5 columns: 0 Selected [Filter None, Sort NameH]
Copy
Pollutant MAJOR
Cost Year 2006
import
Export
Stat"s
Last Update: 01/31/2012 14:49:15
Message..]
Message
[ Timesta...
3. To see more information about the measures, check the Show Details checkbox -
additional columns will appear on the right of the table. An example is shown in Figure
3-4.
4. To better see the additional columns, you can make the Name column narrower by
positioning your mouse on the line between 'Name' and 'Abbreviation' on the table
header - this will cause a special mouse pointer with arrows to appear and you can then
drag your mouse to make the Name column narrower.
3-4
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-4. Control Measure Manager showing Control Measure Details
Control Measure Manager
a S" 0
n Details? Name contains
Refresh
Pollutant Fitter
PM10
^ 0 Shoi
I
tfl T
$000 44
e a
w rr
#
Select
Name
Abbreviation
Pollutant
Avg CPT
Avg CE
| Mi
?§
~
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Non-Ferr...
PDESPMPLD
PM2 5
328
95
9
I
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Non-Ferr...
PDESPMPOR
PM2 5
159
95
3
0
1
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Non-Ferr...
PDESPMPZC
PM2 5
126
95
91
1
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Wood Pu...
PDESPWDPP
PM2 5
132
95
( 92
1
Electrostatic Precipitator;Petroleum Refinery Catalytic and The...
PESPPETCRK
PM2 5
5,050
95
93
1
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying &...
PVSCRMISQ
PM10
751
95
94
1
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iro...
PVSCRMPGI
PM2 5
1,026
94
lj 95
"1
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Industrial Boilers-Wood
PVESCIBWD
PM2 5
1,102
92
96
1
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Commer...
PDESPCIBWD
PM2 5
163
90
q
7
PFFRAOIRWn
PM? 5
719
90
i
III
1 ~
146 rows : 23 columns: 1 Selected [Filter: None, Sort: Avg CE{-)]
View
Edit
Copy
New
find Pollutant: MAJOR ~ Cost Year: 2006
import Export
Close
5. Scroll to the right and examine the columns that are available in the Control Measure
Manager for future reference. Note that you may move the columns around by grabbing
the column's header with your mouse and dragging them. You may also change their
widths as desired. You can resize the Control Measure Manager window within the EMF
Main Window as desired, such as to make the entire window wider so that you can see
more columns.
6. After you scroll to the right a bit, hover your mouse over one of the columns other
than 'Name', you will see that the name of the measure corresponding to the row you are
on will appear briefly as a "tooltip". This is so that you can tell what the name of the
measure is even if has scrolled off the window.
The columns shown on the Control Measure Manager with brief descriptions are shown in
Table 3-1. The table that shows the control measures allows the user to sort and filter
the data. Tables of this same type are used many places throughout CoST and the EMF.
Table 3-1. Columns on the Control Measure Manager
Column Name
Description
Select
This column will allow the user to view, edit, or copy the measure by
clicking the corresponding button at the bottom of the manager
window. These features will be discussed later in the training.
Name
A unique name for the measure.
Abbreviation
A unique abbreviation for the measure.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Column Name
Description
Pollutant
A pollutant (e.g., NOx, PMio) that the measure might control. Note
that any pollutant-specific information in the row is for this pollutant.
Max, Min, and
Avg CE
Maximum, minimum, and average control efficiencies for the
specified pollutant, aggregated across all locales, effective dates, and
source sizes.
Max, Min, and
Avg CPT
Maximum, minimum, and average cost per ton for the specified
pollutant aggregated across all locales, effective dates, and source
sizes.
Avg Rule Eff.
Average rule effectiveness aggregated across all efficiency records
for the specified pollutant.
Avg Rule Pen.
Average rule penetration aggregated across all efficiency records for
the specified pollutant.
Control
Technology
The control technology that is used for the measure (e.g., Low NOx
burner, Onroad Retrofit).
Source Group
The group of sources to which the measure applies (e.g., Fabricated
Metal Products - Welding).
Equipment Life
Expected lifetime (in years) of the equipment used for the measure.
Sectors
An emission sector or set of EPA's emission sectors to which the
measure applies (e.g., ptipm, afdust, nonpoint). A sector represents a
broad group of similar emissions sources.
Class
The class of the measure. Options are Known (i.e., already in use),
Emerging (i.e., realistic, but in an experimental phase), Hypothetical
(i.e., the specified data are hypothetical), and Obsolete (i.e., no longer
in use).
Last Modified
Time
The date and time on which the information about the measure was
last modified in the editor or imported from a file.
Last Modified By
The last user to modify the measure.
Date Reviewed
The date on which the data for the measure were last reviewed.
Creator
The user that created the measure (either from the import process or
by adding it via the "New" button).
Data Source
A description of the sources or references from which the values
were derived. Temporarily, this is a list of numbers that correspond to
references listed in the References Sheet from when the control
measures were imported.
Description
A textual description of the applicability of the measure and any
other relevant information.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
7.
To sort based on data in one of the columns, click on the column header. For example, to
sort based on the average control efficiency of the measure, first you may want to make
the Name column narrower so that the column labeled "Avg CE" comes into view on
the window, and then click on the column header for the "Avg CE" column. The table
will now be sorted by the values of "Avg CE" in descending order. Notice that
information about the currently specified sort is reflected in the line just under the
horizontal scrollbar for the table.
If you click on the header of a column (e.g., Avg CE) a second time, the sort order will
be reversed.
9.
To perform a multicolumn sort, click the sort button w and then click Add to add an
additional column to sort by (e.g., Name). Notice that you can control whether the sort is
Ascending and whether it is Case Sensitive. Click OK once you have made your
selection. The data should now be sort according to the column(s) you specified.
10. To use a filter to
like a filter:
imit the measures shown, click the button on the toolbar that looks
. When you do this the "Filter Rows" dialog appears (Figure 3-5).
- Enter a criterion for the filter by clicking Add Criteria.
- Click in the cell under "Column Name" to make a pull-down menu appear, from
which you may choose a column to filter on (e.g., 'Name').
- Click in the cell under "Operation" to see the available operations and, if desired,
select an operation ('contains' is the default).
- Enter a value in the Value cell (e.g., 'Scrubber'). Note that the filter values are
case-sensitive (e.g., Measure names containing "scrubber" will not match a filter value of
"Scrubber").
Figure 3-5. Filter Rows Dialog
Filter Rows
*J
0 Apply Filter? Match using: <•> ALL criteria O ANY criteria
Add Criteria Delete Criteria
Column Name
Operation
Value
Name
contains
Scrubber
Avg CE
>
30.00
OK Cancel
11. To add a second criterion click Add Criteria again on the Filter Rows dialog (e.g., enter
'Avg CE > 80'). Note that if Match using is set to ALL criteria then only rows that
match all the specified criteria will be shown in the table after you click OK. If Match
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
using is set to ANY criteria, then rows will be shown in the table if they meet any of the
criteria that are listed.
12. Click OK to close the Filter Rows dialog and to apply the selected filter. Figure 3-6
shows the table that results from the selections shown in Figure 3-5. Notice that the
currently applied filter is re flected in the line under the horizontal scrollbar of the table.
Figure 3-6. Control Measure Manager with Filter Applied
if- Control Measure Manager
Ef 0
Refresh
Pollutant Filter. PM10
T 0 Show Details?
Name contains:
$00(1
44
Select
Name
Abbreviation
Pollutant
Avg CPT
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning
PVSCRMICC
PM2 5
1,427
98
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying & Processing
PVSCRMISQ
PM10
751
95
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundaries
PVSCRMPGI
PM2_5
1,026
94
~
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Industrial Boilers - Wood
PVESCIBWD
PM2 5
1,102
92
~
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke
PVSCRMPCE
PM2 5
1,082
89
~
Venturi Scrubber;(PM10) Industrial Boilers - Oil
PVESCIBOL
PM2_5
1,176
89
III
I
L>
6 rows : 23 columns: 0 Selected [Filter. Name contains Scrubber, Avg CE ? 80.0, Sort: Avg CE(-)]
View
Edit
Copy
New
Find
Pollutant:
MAJOR
~
Cost Year:
2006
•w
import
Export
Close
13. Open the filter dialog again by clicking the Filter rows button. Set Match using to ANY
criteria and then click OK to see what effect it has on the measures shown. Flint: you
should see more measures than when Match using is set to ALL criteria.
14. Open the filter dialog again by clicking the Filter rows button. Remove one of criteria by
clicking somewhere in one of the rows shown on the Filter Dialog and then clicking
Delete Criteria. Now click OK to have the less stringent filter take effect.
15. To select all of the control measures that meet your filter criteria, click the Select All
button on the toolbar: 1——I. You will see that the checkboxes in the Select column are
now all filled with checks. You may select or deselect individual measures by clicking
their checkboxes in the Select column. In the next subsection, we will discuss operations
that can be performed on selected measures, such as viewing them and exporting their
data.
16. To unselect all of the measures, click the Clear all the selections button:
see that all of the checks in the Select column are now removed.
and you will
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
17. To hide some of the columns that are shown in the table, click the Show/Hide columns
button: L^J On the Show/Hide Columns dialog that appears (similar to the one shown in
Figure 3-7), uncheck some of the checkboxes in the "Show?" column and then click OK.
The columns you unchecked will no longer be seen in the table.
Figure 3-7. Show/Hide Columns Dialog
3 Show/Hide Columns
E .si
Column Name
Show?
Select
~
Name
~
Abbreviation
~
Pollutant
~
Avg CRT
Avg CE
~
Min CE
Max CE
Min CPT
Max CPT
~
4 selected
Select
Invert
Show
r
Hide
~ Apply Filter? Match using
: (D ALL criteria G ANY criteria
Add Criteria
Delete Criteria
Column Name Operation
Value
OK
Cancel
18. Click the Show/Hide columns button again and scroll down through the list of columns
at the top of the dialog to see others that are farther down the list. Select multiple columns
to show or hide by clicking on the first column name of interest, then holding down
the shift key, then clicking a second column name to select the intervening columns,
and then clicking the Show button or the Hide button to either show or hide those
columns.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
If you want to select columns that are not next to each other, you can hold down the
control key when you click your mouse, then when you are finished selecting click Show
or Hide. The remaining buttons on the dialog are not used frequently: (a) Invert will
invert the selection of highlighted columns, (b) The Filter section at the bottom can be
used to locate columns when there are hundreds of column names, but there are no tables
that large used in CoST.
$€00
19. Click the Format columns button, , to open the Format columns dialog and examine
the options for controlling how data in the table are shown. For example, check the
checkboxes in the "Format?" column for one or more of the column names "Avg CE",
"Min CE", and "Max CE" (note that you may first need to unhide the columns if you
hid them in the previous step). Because these columns are all numeric, some controls
used to format numbers will appear in the lower right corner.
Next, change the Font to Arial, the Style to Bold, the Size to 14, the Horizontal
Alignment to Left, the Text Color to blue, the Column Width to 60, and the number
of Decimal Places to 0, and select significant digits. Once you have made all of your
selections, your dialog should look similar to the one in Figure 3-8; if so, click OK. The
columns that you had selected for formatting will have the attributes you specified on the
Format Columns dialog. In practice, this dialog is not used very often, but it can be
particularly helpful to format numeric data by changing the number of decimal places or
the number of significant digits shown.
Figure 3-8. Format Columns Dialog
Format Columns
Column Name
Format?
Select
*
Name
Abbreviation
Pollutant
Avg CPT
—
Avg CE
~
Min CE
~
Max CE
~
Min CPT
Max CPT
~
1 selected
Font
Angsana New
AngsanaUPC
Arabic Typesetting
Arial
Arial Black
Arial Narrow
Arial Rounded MT Bold
Arial Unicode MS
Style
Plain
Bold
Italic
Size
12
13
|f4 |
15
16
17
18
19
Horizontal Alignment Left
Select
Invert
Format
Ignore
Text Color Background Color Column Width |6Q
~ Apply Filter? Match using: (•) ALL criteria O ANY criteria
Add Criteria
Delete Criteria
Column Name
Operation
Value
Numeric Format Options
O Scientrfic_Notation
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
20. To remove the ^
-------
CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-9. Summary Tab of View Control Measure Window
EE View Control Measure: Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal u Ef ® I
Summary^ Efficiencies SCCs Equations Properties References
Name: Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) C
Description:
Application: This control is the use of dry
electrostatic precipitators (ESP) to reduce PM
emissions. An ESP uses electrical forces to move
particles in an exhaust stream onto collector
Major Pollutant: PM2_5
Control Technology:
Source Group:
Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Pla...
Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal
NEI Device code(s): 10,11,12,128
Sectors:
ptnonipm
Abbreviation: PDESPCIBCL
Creator: EMF Administrator
Last Modified Time: 2011/12/1512:54
Last Modified By: EMF Administrator
Class: Known
Equipment life (yrs}: 20.0
Date Reviewed: 01/01/2006
All Months
Months:
Report
Close
3.2.1 Viewing the Summary Tab for a Control Measure
The Summary tab of the View Control Measure window contains high-level summary
information about the measure. Table 3-2 shows brief descriptions of the fields on this
tab.
Table 3-2. Components on the Summary Tab of the View Control Measure Window
Component
Description
Name
A unique name that typically includes both the control technology used
and the group of sources to which the measure applies.
Description
A description of the applicability of the measure and any other relevant
information.
Abbreviation
A 10-character unique abbreviation that is used to assign the control
measure to sources in the inventory. Ideally, the abbreviation should be
somewhat readable so that the user has some idea of what type of
measure it is from reading the abbreviation (e.g., the DESP in
PDESPIBCL is short for 'Dry Electrostatic Precipitator, the IB is short
for 'Industrial Boiler', and the CL is short for 'Coal').
Creator
The name of the user who imported or created the measure.
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Component
Description
Last Modified
Time
The date and time on which the information about the measure was last
modified in the editor or imported from a file.
Last Modified
By
The last user to modify the measure.
Major
Pollutant
The pollutant most controlled by the measure. This is used to group the
measures only, and has no impact on how the measure is assigned to
sources.
Control
Technology
The control technology that is used for the measure (e.g., Low NOx
burner). You can type a new entry into this field and then choose it from
the pull-down menu in the future.
Source Group
The group of sources to which the measure applies (e.g., Fabricated
Metal Products - Welding). You can type a new entry into this field and
then choose it from the pull-down menu in the future.
NEI Device
Code
The numeric code used in the NEI to indicate that the measure has been
applied to a source. A cross-reference table to match the control
measure abbreviations and NEI Device Codes to one another may be
created.
Class
The class of the measure. Options are Known (i.e., already in use),
Emerging (i.e., realistic, but in an experimental phase), Hypothetical
(i.e., the specified data are hypothetical), Obsolete (i.e., no longer in
use), and Temporary (i.e., the specified data are temporary and should
be used only for testing purposes).
Equipment
Life
The expected life of the control measure equipment, in years.
Date
Reviewed
The date on which the data for the measure were last reviewed.
Sectors
An emissions modeling sector or set of emissions modeling sectors to
which the measure applies. A sector represents a broad group of similar
emissions sources.
Months
The month(s) of the year to which the control measure is applicable.
This is either "All Months" or a list of individual months (e.g., March,
April, and May for measures applicable only in spring months).
25. When viewing a control measure (as opposed to editing a control measure), you cannot
make changes to any of the selections. However, you can review the available selections
for some fields. Click the arrows next to the fields Major Pollutant, Control
Technology, Source Group, and Class to see the available options for each of these
fields. Note that if you make a selection that differs from the original value on one of
these menus, the new value will not be saved when you close the window because you
are only viewing the measure data.
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3.2.2 Viewing the Efficiencies Tab for a Control Measure
26. Click on the Efficiencies tab to see the data that are available from this tab. You will see
a table with many columns. Each row in the table corresponds to a different "efficiency
record" in the database. An efficiency record contains cost and control efficiency
information about the control measure. In the example shown in Figure 3-10, notice that
the control efficiency and cost data (CPT) vary by pollutant. Scroll to the right to see
some of the other columns in the table that are not immediately visible.
If the cost or control efficiency varies over region or time, it is possible to specify
different records in the table for each Locale (i.e., state or county) or for each Effective
Date if the measure will be "phased in" over time. Different efficiency records can also
be entered to account for different source sizes using the Min Emis and Max Emis
columns.
Figure 3-10. Efficiencies Tab of View Control Measure Window
View Control Measure: Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal : n"
f Summary | Efficiencies t SCCs Equations Properties References
Row Limit 100
Row Filter
Apply
stud
M
~
TT
Select
Pollutant
Locale
Effective Date
Cost Year
CPT
Ref YrCPT
Control Efficiency
Min Emis
Max Emis
~
PM10
98
~
PM2 5
1995
286
402
95
2 rows : 22 columns: 0 Selected [Filter: None, Sort: None]
View
Report
Close
The Row Limit and Row Filter fields are helpful when there are hundreds or thousands of
efficiency records (e.g., some data may be county specific and available for multiple
pollutants). The Row Limit is the maximum number of records that will be displayed on the
page. For example, if there were thousands of records, it could take a long time to transfer all
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of those data from the server, so by default only 100 records will be transferred if the Row
Limit is set to 100.
27. To see how the Row Filter works, enter Pollutant='PM10' into the text field and then
click Apply. You will see only the record for PM10. These filters follow the syntax that
can be used in a Structured Query Language (SQL) 'WHERE' clause. Note that the filter
may not seem necessary in this particular example that only has a few records, but if this
measure had entries for every county and pollutant as some mobile measure may have,
then the filter can be very helpful to wade through all the records. If desired, you may try
some other filters with this measure, such as:
"Pollutant like 'PM%"', "Pollutant='PM10"', or
"Control Efficiency > 95".
Here are some examples of other types of filters that you may find useful that illustrate
other aspects of the syntax, although they may not all be applicable to this particular
measure:
• Pollutant <> 'PM10'
• Locale LIKE '37%'
• Pollutant IN ('EXH_CO', 'EXH_VOC', 'EXH_PM10')
28. To see the data for an efficiency record in their own window: In the Select column,
check the checkbox for the PM25 efficiency record and click View. A View
Efficiency Record window will appear (Figure 3-11). The fields of the efficiency record
are shown in Table 3-3.
Notice that most of the fields in Figure 3-11 are set using text fields. The 'Ref Yr Cost
Per Ton Reduced' is shown with a label because this value is automatically computed
for the reference year (currently 2006) according to the cost year and the specified 'Cost
Per Ton Reduced'. Note that the cost per ton reduced should take into account the
specified rule effectiveness and rule penetration, which 'dilute' the effectiveness of the
control measure, but are not taken into account when the Ref Yr Cost Per Ton Reduced
is computed. Other fields that are labels are Last Modified By and Last Modified
Time. These fields are automatically updated and tracked by CoST when someone edits
the efficiency record, although editing is done from the 'Edit Efficiency Record' window
instead of the View Efficiency Record window.
Note: The efficiency records must be unique according to the contents of the
following fields: Pollutant, Locale, Effective Date, Minimum Emissions, Maximum
Emissions, and Existing Measure Abbreviation. This means that two records cannot have
the same values for all of these fields.
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Figure 3-11. View Efficiency Record Window
i£
View Efficiency Record 1 for Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PP.110) Commercial Ins... o Ef
Pollutant:* PM2_5
Locale:
Effective Date:
Existing Measure Abbreviation:
Existing NEI Device Code: 0
Cost Year 1995
Cost Per Ton Reduced: 286.0
Capital to Annual Ratio:
RefYrCost PerTon Reduced: 402,1954
Control Efficiency (% Red):* 95.0
Details:
cpton
Minimum Emissions:
Maximum Emissions:
Rule Effectiveness (%): 100.0
Rule Penetration (%}: 100.0
Equation Type:
Capital Recovery Factor: 0.090000004
Discount Rate (%}: 7.0
Incremental CPT (Based on
specified cost year dollars):
Last Modified By: EMF Administrator
Last Modified Time: 12/15/2011 12:55
Close
Table 3-3. Components on the Control Measure View Efficiency Record Window
Component
Description
Pollutant
The pollutant for which this record applies (emissions are either
decreased or increased). An asterisk appears beside this field because a
value for it must be specified.
Locale
A two-digit FIPS state code, or a five-digit FIPS county code, to denote
that the information on the row is relevant only for a particular state or
county. If left blank, it is assumed to apply to all states and counties.
Effective
Date
The month, day, and year on which the record becomes effective. The
system will find the record with the closest effective date that is less than
or equal to the date of the analysis. If this is left blank, the record is
assumed to apply to any date.
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Component
Description
Existing
Measure
Abbreviation
This field should be populated when the data on the row are provided,
assuming that a control measure has already been applied to the source.
The contents of the field should be the control measure abbreviation that
corresponds to the existing measure. The reason for this field is that the
efficiency of and cost of applying the measure may vary when there is
already a control measure installed on a source.
Existing NEI
Device Code
This is used in conjunction with Existing Measure and should specify the
device code used in the NEI that corresponds to the currently installed
device.
Cost Year
The year for which the cost data are provided.
Cost per Ton
Reduced
The cost to reduce each ton of the specified pollutant.
Capital to
Annual Ratio
The ratio of capital costs to annual costs. Applicable only for equation-
based annualized costs.
Ref Yr Cost
per Ton
Reduced
The cost per ton to reduce the pollutant in 2006 dollars.
Control
Efficiency
The [median] control efficiency (in units of percent reduction) that is
achieved when the measure is applied to the source, exclusive of rule
effectiveness and rule penetration. An asterisk is shown next to the field
because a value for the field is required, whereas other fields are optional.
Eventually, statistical distributions for percent reduction may be provided
to facilitate uncertainty analysis. Note that there are sometimes
disbenefits for certain pollutants as a result of the control device, so
control efficiency can be negative to indicate that the amount of a
pollutant actually increased.
Minimum
Emissions
The lower limit of emissions from the inventory required for the control
measure to be applied.
Maximum
Emissions
The upper limit of emissions from the inventory for the control measure
to be applied.
Rule
Effectiveness
The ability of a regulatory program to achieve all the emissions
reductions that could have been achieved by full compliance with the
applicable regulations at all sources at all times. A rule effectiveness of
100% means that all sources are fully complying at all times. Rule
effectiveness can sometimes vary by locale.
Rule
Penetration
The percent of sources that are required to implement the control
measure. Rule penetration might vary over time as a new rule is "phased
in" gradually, and can sometimes vary by locale.
Equation
Type
The type of cost equation to use.
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Component
Description
Capital
Recovery
Factor
The capital recovery factor to use. Applicable only for equation-based
annualized costs.
Discount
Rate
The discount rate used to compute the capital recovery factor. Applicable
only for equation-based annualized costs.
Incremental
CPT
The cost to reduce a ton of the specified pollutant, when applied on top of
an existing measure at an emissions source.
Last
Modified By
The last user to modify the efficiency record.
Last
Modified
Time
The last date and time a user modified the efficiency record.
Details
Text that specifies information about the source of data for this row or
reason they were changed.
29. When you are done examining the information on the View Efficiency Record Window,
click Close.
3.2.3 Viewing the SCCs Tab for a Control Measure
The inventory sources to which the control measure could be applied are those for which their
SCC appears on the SCCs tab for the control measure. Note that while multiple SCCs can be
specified for a measure, if the control efficiency or cost data differs for any of the SCCs, then a
separate measure must be created to contain that data.
30. Click on the SCCs tab to see the SCCs associated with the measure. An example of this
tab is shown in Figure 3-12. The control measure will be considered for application only
to sources with SCCs listed on this tab.
Note that no expanding of SCC codes ending in zeros is performed by CoST; therefore
each applicable SCC must be explicitly listed on this tab. You may sort and filter the
SCCs in the table to get a better idea of what SCCs are associated with the measure.
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Figure 3-12. SCCs Tab of View Control Measure Window
View Control Measure: Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10} Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal a 0* 0
Summary
Efficiencies
SCCs Equations Properties References
M § §
#
Select
see
description
1
10300101
External Combustion Boilers;Commerciali'lnstitutional;Anthracite Coal;Pulverized Coal
A.
2
10300102
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Anthracite CoalTraveling Grate (Overfeed} Stok<
—
3
10300103
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Anthradte Coal:Hand-fired
4
10300200
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;undefined
5
10300203
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal:Cyclone Furns
6
10300205
External Combustion Boilers;Commercialflnstitutional;BituminousJSubbituminous Coal;Pulverized Co
7
8
10300206
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal:Pulverized Co
10300207
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial.''lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;Overfeed Stok
9
10300208
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal:Underfeed Stc
10
10300209
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal:Spreader Stok
JU
12
10300211
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional:Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;Overfeed Stok
10300214
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;Hand-fired (Bi
13
10300216
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;Pulverized Co
14
10300217
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;Atmospheric F
15
10300218
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional:Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;Atmospheric F
16
10300221
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;Pulverized Co
17
10300222
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal;Pulverized Co
~
< II III I I ~
26 rows : 3 columns: 0 Selected [Filter: None, Sort: None]
Report Close
31. When you are finished examining the SCCs the measure can apply to, click Close.
3.2.4 Viewing the Equations Tab for a Control Measure
As an alternative to using a simple 'cost per ton of pollutant reduced' value to compute the cost
of a control measure, an engineering cost equation can be specified. The cost equation will then
be used to associate costs with a particular pollutant. The equation must be selected from a list of
pre-specified equation types. The value of the equation will be computed as specified by the
form of the equation using the values of variables specified on the equations tab and values
specified to the source that are given in the inventory (e.g., stack flow rate). Currently, only a
single equation can be specified for any given measure.
32. Click on the Equations tab to see any information associated with cost equations for the
measure. An example of this tab is shown in Figure 3-13. If the measure does not use a
cost equation, this tab will be blank. The table on the Equations tab shows the Equation
Type (the same type is repeated in every row), in addition to the variable name and value
for that variable. The fields of the Equations tab are shown in Table 3-4.
Each type of equation uses a different set of variables. CoST supports at least eleven
different types of cost equations. Additional types of equations may be added in the
future. For more information on the Equations and their input variables, see the document
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"Documentation of Cost Equations in EPA's Control Strategy Tool (CoST)" (available at
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/ecas/cost.htm). The appropriate form of the equation will be used
in conjunction with the specified values to compute the total cost of applying the measure
to the source for the specified pollutant and cost year.
33. Once you are finished viewing the information about the control measure, click the Close
button to close the View Control Measure window.
Figure 3-13. Equations Tab of View Control Measure Window
View Control Measure: Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal ra 0*
0
Summary Efficiencies SCCs [ Equations | Properties References
Equation Type:
Name: Type 8
Description: Non-EGU PM
Inventory Fields: stack_flow_rate
Equations:
Capital Cost= Typical Capital Costx Min. Stack Flow Rate
O&M Cost= Typical O&M Costx Min. Stack Flow Rate
Total Cost = Capital Cost x CRF + 0.04x capital cost + O&M Cost
Equation Type
Variable Name
Value
Type (
Pollutant
PM2 5
Type I
Cost Year
1995
Type \
Typical Capital Control Cost Factor
27.0
Type (
Typical O&M Control Cost Factor
16.0
Type I
Typical Default CPT Factor - Capital
710.0
Type I
Typical Default CPT Factor - O&M
41.0
Report
Close
Table 3-4. Components on the Control Measure Equations Tab
Component
Description
Name
The name of the engineering cost equation type (e.g., Type 8).
Description
The description of the engineering cost equation type (e.g., Non-EGU
PM Cost Equation).
Inventory
Fields
The input parameters to the cost equations found in the inventory (e.g.,
stack velocity and temperature or design capacity).
Equations
The cost equation definitions.
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3.2.5 Viewing the Properties Tab for a Control Measure
34. Click on the Properties tab to see the data that are available from this tab. You will see a
table with many columns. Each row in the table corresponds to a different "property
record" in the database. A property record allows for generic information to be stored
about the control measures (e.g., metadata). In the control measures example shown in
Figure 3-14, this shows property information that happened to be archived from the
AirControlNET software when the measures were transferred into the CMDB.
Figure 3-14. Properties Tab of View Control Measure Window
View Control Measure: Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM1Q) Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal n r fa" 0 |l
Summary Efficiencies SCCs Equations Properties References
Property
0
$CID(|
M
tr
9
Select
Name
PM10
PM25
PROPTX PCT
RPLMTL PCT
RULE
SPVLBR PCT
STEAM PCT
ADMIN PCT
CHEM PCT
Category
No category
No category1
No category
No category
No category
No category
No category
No category
No category
Units
%
%
%
%
%
%
Data Type
character varying(50)
character varying(50)
double precision
double precision
character varying(254)
double precision
double precision
double precision
double precision
Value
Co*
Co
3.65
0
Not Applicable
0.38
7.29
DB Field Name
PM10
PM25
PROPTX PCT
RPLMTL PCT
RULE
SPVLBR PCT
STEAM PCT
ADMIN PCT
CHEM PCT
35 rows : 7 columns: 0 Selected [Filter None, Sort: None]
View
Report
Close
35. To see the data for a property record in their own window: In the Select column,
check the checkbox for the STEAM PCT property record and click View. A View
Property Record window will appear (Figure 3-15). The fields of the property record are
shown in Table 3-5.
Notice that most of the fields in Figure 3-15 are set using text fields. The 'Category' is a
free-form drop down, where an existing category could be used or a new one could be
used by typing in the new category.
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When you are done examining the information on the View Property Record Window,
click Close.
Figure 3-15. View Property Record Window
GE
View Property 0 for Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10} Commercial Institutional... nr
Name: STEAM_PCT
Category: No category
Units: %
Data Type: double precision
DB Field Name: STEAM PCT
Value:
Close
Table 3-5. Components on the Control Measure View Efficiency Record Window
Component
Description
Name
The name of the property.
Category
The category for the property (e.g., AirControlNET Properties, Cost
Properties, or Control Efficiency Properties).
Units
The units for the property (e.g., % for percentage).
Data Type
If applicable, this defines the data type of the property (e.g., double preci-
sion/float for numeric values, or a varchar/string for textual information).
DB Field
Name
If specified, this is a placeholder to help identify the database field name
from the particular data source reference that supplied the property
information (e.g., an ancillary dataset has a steam percentage stored in the
STEAM PCT table field/column).
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Component
Description
Value
The value of the property.
3.2.6 Viewing the References Tab for a Control Measure
36. Click on the References tab to see the data that are available from this tab (Figure 3-16).
You will see a table with two columns. Each row in the table corresponds to a different
"reference record" in the database. A reference record stores source and reference
information that help create the control measure.
Figure 3-16. References Tab of View Control Measure Window
View Control Measure: Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type;(PM10) Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal a ' Ef
[ Summary Efficiencies SCCs Equations Properties References
References
$
¦w
i
$0(10
a
m
£3
~
tr
Select
De
~
EPA, 1998: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, "Stationary Source Ct
EPA, 1993: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, "OAQPS Control Cos-
EPA. 1999: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Center on Air Pollution. "Air Pollution Technology Fact Sheet - Dry
~
~
III
3 rows : 2 columns: 0 Selected [Filter Hone, Sort: None]
View
Report
Close
37. To see the data for a reference record in their own window: In the Select column,
check the checkbox for the first reference record and click View A View Reference
Record window will appear (Figure 3-17). Notice that only field in Figure 3-17 is the
actual source/reference description that can be entered into a text field.
When you are done examining the information on the View Reference Record Window,
click Close.
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Figure 3-17. View Reference Record Window
View Reference 0 for Dry Electrostatic Precipitator-Wire Plate Type... nr* ¦ Ef l>a
Description
EPA, 1999: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center on Air
Pollution, "Air Pollution Technology Fact Sheet- Dry Electrostatic
Precipitator (ESP) - Wire-Plate Type," May 1999.
Close
3.3 Copying a Control Measure
In addition to viewing existing control measure data, it is possible to create new control
measures in CoST. One way to create a new measure is to copy an existing control measure
and then edit its data.
38. To copy a measure, we first need to find a measure that we want to copy. Start by
44
clicking the Reset button ( ) on the toolbar of the Control Measure Manager to
remove any previously specified filters.
39. Next, uncheck the Show Details button at the top of the Control Measure Manager (to
speed the data transfer) and set the Pollutant Filter at the top of the Control Measure
Manager to the pollutant of interest (e.g., for the training pick NOX). For training
purposes, find the measure named "Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers -
Natural Gas". Hint: You may want to apply a filter to the manager to make it easier to
find this specific measure.
40. Once you have found the measure you wish to copy, check the corresponding checkbox
in the Select column and then click the Copy button. CoST will create a new control
measure called 'Copy of the starting measure name your name unique A unique
abbreviation was also automatically generated for the measure.
41. To see your new control measure in the Control Measure Manager, Scroll to the top of
the window. If you do not see the measure, click the Refresh button at the top right of
the manager - this causes the manager to obtain updated data from the server. Note: if
you still do not see the measure named 'Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI
Boilers...' you may have a filter applied that is preventing this from showing up. If that is
the case, you would need to remove the filter to see your newly copied measure.
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42. If you wish, you may view the contents of your new measure at this time by selecting it
and clicking the View button, but we will edit the data for the new measure in the next
section, so you may not need to view it now.
3.4 Editing Control Measure Data
CoST allows you to edit the data on each of the tabs for a control measure that you created,
but not for measures that you did not create, unless you are an Administrator.
43. Find a measure that you want to edit. First, click the Clear all the selections button to
unselect any measures you may have worked with previously: ! For training purposes,
find the new measure you just created using the copy button (Section 3.3) in the Control
Measure Manager and check the corresponding button in the Select column. Now,
click Edit to edit the data for the control measure. The Edit Control Measure window will
appear (Figure 3-18).
3.4.1 Editing the Summary Tab for a Control Measure
Like the View Control Measure window, the Edit Control Measure window has six tabs, and
the Summary tab is shown by default. The main difference between the View and Edit
windows is that you can actually change things from the Edit window, rather than just
viewing the information.
Notice that most of the fields have white backgrounds, which usually indicates that the field
is editable; fields that are not contained within boxes are set by the software and cannot be
changed by the user. In addition, there are Add and Remove buttons for the lists of Sectors
and Months.
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Figure 3-18. Summary Tab of Edit Control Measure Window
Edit Control Measure: Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers - Natural Gas delvecch 2340 a Ef
Summary Efficiencies SCCs Equations Properties
References
Name: |copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers -|
Description:
Application: This control is the reduction ofMOx
emission through selective non-catalytic reduction
add-on controls. SNCR controls are
post-combustion control technolooies based on
1206234023
Abbreviation:
Creator: delvecch
Last Modified Time: 2012/03/06 23:40
Last Modified By: delvecch
Major Pollutant:
Control Technology:
Source Group:
NOX
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction
ICI Boilers - Natural Gas
NEI Device code(s): 107
Class:
Known
Equipment life (yrs): 15.0
Date Reviewed: 101/01/2011
Sectors:
ptnonipm
Add Remove
Months:
All Months
Add Remove
Report
Save
Close
44. Change the Name of the newly created measure to reflect the name of the new measure
you intended to create (e.g., you might change the part of the name that deals with the
affected sources, such as Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers - Natural
Gas and Oil). Recall that measure names must be unique.
45. When the measure was copied, the abbreviation was set to a number that was known to
be unique so that it could be saved in the database. At this point, you should replace the
automatically generated Abbreviation for the new measure with one that has some
meaning to you (e.g., NSNCRIBNGO). Try to follow a similar naming convention as
the other measures, but your new abbreviation must be unique in the database.
46. Edit the fields of the measure as desired. For training purposes, change the
Equipment Life to 10, and the Date Reviewed to today's date, set the Class to
Emerging, and make any other changes you wish, such as entering a more detailed
Description.
47. Next click the Add button under the Sectors list to add another sector for the measure.
For example, from the Select Sectors dialog, choose ptipm (i.e., point sources handled by
the Integrated Planning Model) and click OK. You will then see the new sector added to
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
the list of applicable sectors. Note that the sectors listed here are informational only; they
do not affect the use of the measure in control strategies in any way.
48. To remove a sector, click on the sector in the list and click Remove and it will no longer
appear on the list.
49. Adding and removing Months works similarly to adding and removing sectors. For
training purposes, specify some specific months to which the measure should apply (e.g.,
March, April, and May).
Note: the feature of setting specific months for which a measure applies is effective
when you are applying measures to monthly emission inventories. Specifying
months in this way is not effective when you are applying measures to annual
emission inventories.
50. To set the months back to All Months, select all of the months in the Months list by
clicking on the first month and then going to the last month and doing shift-click with
your mouse. Then click Remove.
51. Option to discard your changes: Now that you have changed information for the
measure, notice that an asterisk (*) appears after the measure name in the title for the
window. This means that CoST is aware that you have made changes. If you try to Close
a window on which you have made changes to the data without saving it, CoST will ask
you "Would you like to discard the changes and close the current window?" If you want
to discard (i.e., undo) ALL of the changes made since you started editing the measure,
click Yes. If you prefer to not to close the window so that your changes stay in-tact, click
No. For training purposes, click No.
3.4.2 Editing the Efficiencies Tab for a Control Measure
52. Go to the Efficiencies tab of the Edit Control Measure Window (Figure 3-19). The
buttons on the Efficiencies tab of the Edit window are different from those on the View
window. The available buttons are Add, Edit, and Remove. Notice the efficiency record
for the measure shown in Figure 3-19 is for only one pollutant, and that this record can be
applied only to sources emitting at least 25 tons/yr as specified in the Min Emis field.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-19. Efficiencies Tab of Edit Control Measure Window
Edit Control Measure: Copy of Selective N oil -Catalytic Reduction; 1CI Boilers - Natural Gas delvecch 2340 '
eT EI
Summary
Efficiencies
SCCs
Equations Properties
References
Row Limit |iqq| | Row Fitter
Apply
$0(i(i
M
E
E
a
u
Select
Pollutant
Locale | Effective Date Cost Year | CPT | RefYrCPT | Control Efficiency Mm E
0
NOX
|2003
2,430
2,382
45
1 rows : 22 columns: 1 Selected [Filter None, Sort: None]
Add
Edit
Copy
Remove
Report
Save
Close
53. Scroll to the right to examine additional fields on the window. Note that more of the
fields are filled in than we saw for the PM measure that we examined in Section 3.2. The
additional data allow CoST to compute the capital and operating and maintenance
(O&M) costs in addition to overall annualized costs when this measure is used in a
control strategy.
54. To edit an efficiency record, check the corresponding checkbox in the Select column and
then click Edit. The Edit Efficiency Record window will appear (Figure 3-20).
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-20. Edit Efficiency Record Window
ZT Edit Efficiency Record 2 for Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers - Natural Gas del.,, Ef S
Pollutant:*
Locale:
Effective Date:
Existing Measure Abbreviation:
Existing NEI Device Code:
Cost Year:
Cost Per Ton Reduced:
Capital to Annual Ratio:
NOX
2008
2430.0
Ret VrCost PerTon Reduced: 2381.6907
Control Efficiency {% Red):* |45.0
Minimum Emissions:
Maximum Emissions:
Rule Effectiveness {%):
Rule Penetration {%):
Equation Type:
Capital Recovery Factor
Discount Rate (%}:
Incremental CPT (Based on
specified cost year dollars):
25.0
5000.0
1QQ.o|
100.0
cpton
0.13
10.0
Last Modified By: delvecch
Last Modified Time: 03/06/2012 23:38
Details:
Save
Cancel
55. You can edit the values for the efficiency record as needed to reflect your new control
measure. For training purposes, enter 5000 as the value for Maximum Emissions, then
click Save. Notice that this value has been updated in the table in the Edit Control
Measure window. This means that the record will apply only to sources that emit between
25 and 5000 tons of NOx each year.
56. To add a new efficiency record, click Add. You will need to fill in the appropriate values
in the Add Efficiency Record window that appears. For training purposes, select C02 as
the pollutant. Specify 06 as the Locale, 01/01/2015 as the Effective Date, and 10 as the
control efficiency. When you are finished, click Save. A new row should appear in the
table in the Edit Control Measure window. The effect of adding this record is to note that
there is a 10% reduction to CO2 when this control measure is applied, but only in
California (FIPS=06) starting on 01/01/2015.
57. To remove one or more efficiency records, click the corresponding checkboxes and then
click Remove to remove those records. For training purposes, click the checkbox in the
Select column for the record for CO2 that you just added. Next, click Remove to
remove that record. When ask to confirm if you are sure you want to remove the selected
record, click Yes. The record should disappear from the table.
When costs are specified for multiple efficiency records: If you have cost per ton values
specified for multiple efficiency records, they are additive when they are used in a control
strategy. For example, if a CPT is specified for both NOx and VOC for a measure, the total
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
cost of applying the measure is the sum of (1) the cost per ton for N0X times the NOx
emissions reduced and (2) the cost per ton for VOC times the VOC emissions reduced.
3.4.3 Editing the SCCs Tab for a Control Measure
58. Click on the SCCs tab on the Edit Control Measure window to show the SCCs for
inventory sources to which the edited measure can be applied. An example of this tab is
shown in Figure 3-21. From this tab, you may add or remove SCCs from the list
applicable to this measure.
Figure 3-21. SCCs Tab of Edit Control Measure Window
Edit Control Measure: Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICi Boilers - Natural Gas delvecch 2340'
12
Summary Efficiencies
SCCs I Equations Properties References
a
IT
Select
see
10200601
10200602
10200603
10200604
10201401
10300601
10300602
10300603
description
External Combustion B o i I e rs: I n d u stri a I: N atu ra I Gas;> 100 Million Btu/hr
External Combustion Boilers:! n du stri a I; N atu ra I Gas;10-100 Million Btu/hr
External Combustion BQilers:lndu stri a I: N atu ra I Gas;< 10 Million Btu/hr
External Combustion Boilers;lndustrial;Natural Gas:Cogeneration
External Combustion Boilers:lndustrial:CO BoilerNatural Gas
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Natural Gas;> 100 Million Btu/hr
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Natural Gas;10-100 Million Btu/hr
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional:Natural Gas:< 10 Million Btu/hr
8 rows : 3 columns: 0 Selected [Filter: None, Sort: None]
Add
Remove
Report
Save
Close
59. To add some new SCCs, click the Add button. A Select SCCs dialog similar to the one
shown in the background of Figure 3-22 will appear. Note that prior to filtering down the
list of SCCs (which we will do starting in the next step), there are over 11,500 possible
SCCs. This number of available SCCs can be found in the lower left hand corner of the
Select SCCs dialog.
60. To filter the SCCs on the Select SCCs dialog down to the more relevant ones, click the
Filter Rows button on the toolbar. For training purposes, in the Filter Rows dialog that
appears, click Add Criteria three times, enter the following criteria, then click OK:
• Description contains Natural Gas
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
• Description contains Boiler
• SCC starts with 1
Figure 3-22. Select SCCs and Filter Rows Dialogs
C^, Select SCCs
1 £3
$
•f
$011(1
M
IB
&
~
U
Select
SCC
description
10100601
External Combustion Boilers;Electric Generation;Natural Gas;Boilers : 100 Million Btu/hr except Tangential
10100602
External Combustion Boilers;Electric Generation;Natural Gas;Boilers <100 Million Btu/hr except Tangential
10100604
External Combustion Boilers;Electric Generation;Natural Gas;Tangentially Fired Units
10200601
External Combustion Boilers;lndustrial;Natural Gas;> 100 Million Btu/hr
10200602
External Combustion Boilers;lndustrial;Natural Gas;10-100 Million Btu/hr
~
10200603
External Combustion Boilers;lndustrial;Natural Gas;< 10 Million Btu/hr
~
10200604
External Combustion Boilers;lndustrial;Natural Gas;Cogener3tion
~
10201401
External Combustion Boilers;lndustrial;CO Boiler;Natural Gas
10300601
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Natural Gas;> 100 Million Btu/hr
External Combustion Boilers;Commercial/lnstitutional;Natural Gas;10-100 Million Btu/hr
~
~
~
10300603
External
10500106
External
10500206
External
£ Filter Rows
0 Apply Fitter?
Match using: <§> ALL criteria O ANY criteria
Add Criteria Delete Criteria
Column Name
Operation
Value
description
contains
Natural Gas
description
contains
Boiler
SCC
starts with
1
OK
Cancel
13 rows: 16 columns: 1 Selected [Filter description contains Natural Gas, description contains Boiler, SCC starts with 1, Sort: None]
OK
Cancel
61. At this point, in the Select SCCs window you should see only the SCCs that met your
criteria, such as the 13 SCCs shown in Figure 3-22. Many of these SCCs are already
associated with the measure (i.e., they are already shown on the SCCs tab of the Edit
Control Measure window in Figure 3-21), but apparently additional SCCs (i.e., the ones
starting with 101 and 105) may also be relevant for this measure.
Click the checkbox in the Select column for the SCCs you wish to add to the
measure (e.g., for training purposes 10100601) and then click OK. Now you will see
that the SCC is added to the list of applicable SCCs for the measure in the Edit Control
Measure window. If you had selected multiple SCCs, they all would have been added to
the Edit Control Measure window (if they were not already there). Note: If you select an
SCC to add that was already on the SCCs tab, it will not cause any problems and it will
not add the SCC for a second time.
Hints for adding groups of SCCs: If you need to add a lot of SCCs and are able to specify a
filter on the Select SCCs dialog that results in only the SCCs that are appropriate for the
control measure being shown, you could enter the filter and then click the Select All button
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on the toolbar to select all of those SCCs at once. Then, when you clicked OK, all of the
SCCs would be added to the SCCs tab for the measure. This keeps you from having to click
all of the individual Select checkboxes. Alternatively, if most but not all of the SCCs were
appropriate, you could select all of them and then click on a few checkboxes to deselect the
ones that were not needed and then click OK to add only the ones that remained selected.
3.4.4 Editing the Equations Tab for a Control Measure
62. Go to the Equations tab of the Edit Control Measure window (Figure 3-23). Notice the
Add and Remove buttons that were not there on the View Control Measure window.
Double click your mouse in the Value column next to the variable named Cost Year. For
training purposes, change the value to 1995 and then press the Enter key on your
keyboard. You will see that the new cost year is set to 1995. Note that the values for other
fields could be changed in a similar way.
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Figure 3-23. Equations Tab of Edit Control Measure Window
m dit Control Measure: Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers - Natural Gas delvecch 2340 * : a Ef
Summary Efficiencies SCCs Equations Properties References
Equation Type:
Name: Type 13
Description: ICI Boiler Cost Equations
Inventory Fields: design_capacity, design_capacity_unit_numerator, design_capacity_unit_denominator, stack_f!ow_rate, stack_ve
Equations:
Capital Cost = var1*input1/lvar2+ var3*input1ylvar4
O&M Costs =var5+var6*input1Avar7+var8*input1flvar9+var10*input3+var11*input2
where
Equation Type
Variable Name
Value
Type 13
Pollutant
NOX
Type 13
Cost Year
2008
Type 13
Capital Cost Size Multiplier No. 1
208706.86
Type 13
Capital Cost Exponent No. 1
0.21
Type 13
Capital Cost Size Multiplier No. 2
0.0
Type 13
Capital Cost Exponent No. 2
0.0
Type 13
O&M Known Costs
133401.0
Type 13
O&M Cost Size Multiplier No. 1
8348.3
Type 13
O&M Cost Exponent No. 1
0.21
Type 13
O&M Cost Size Multiplier No. 2
0.0
Type 13
O&M Cost Exponent No. 2
0.0
Type 13
O&M Flowrate Multiplier
19.24
Type 13
O&M Emissions Multiplier
425.3
Add
Remove
Report
Save
Close
63. To remove equation information, click the Remove button. You will see a dialog that
says "Are you sure you want to remove the equation information"? So that you can see
how removing and resetting equation information works using the copied version of the
measure, click "Yes", You will then see all of the equation information removed from the
Equations tab.
64. To add equation information to the measure, click the Add button on the Equations tab.
You will see a Select Equation Type dialog. Click the pull-down menu to see the
available types of equations—there are at least eight different types and select the desired
equation type. For training purposes, select Type 1 - EGU. You will see that there are
eight variables for this equation type. Note that the variables differ somewhat from the
variables for the Type 13 equation shown in Figure 3-23, and that the Type 1 equation is
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
for N0X controls.
Details on the types of cost equations and their variables are given in the "Documentation
of Cost Equations in EPA's Control Strategy Tool (CoST)" document referenced earlier.
65. For training purposes, click the Remove button again to remove the equation
information, and click Yes in the confirmation dialog. Then click the Add button, and
this time select Type 13 - ICI Boiler Cost Equations. Next, fill in the values for the
variables as they are shown in Figure 3-23 by double clicking on the field corresponding
to each Value and then entering the appropriate information.
Note: You can enter cost equations in terms of only one pollutant, even if the
measure reduces emissions for multiple pollutants.
66. Click Save at the bottom of the Edit Control Measure window to save the changes you
made to the control measure and to close the window. To see your revised name and
abbreviation you entered for the measure in section 3.4.1, click the Refresh button at the
upper right of the Control Measure Manager to load the updated data from the server.
3.4.5 Editing the Properties Tab for a Control Measure
67. Go to the Properties tab of the Edit Control Measure Window (Figure 3-24). The buttons
on the Properties tab of the Edit window are different from those on the View window.
The available buttons are Add, Edit, and Remove. The property record allows for
freeform property metadata/information to be associated with the measure. The property
can be assigned a category grouping (e.g., Steam Factors), units (e.g., MW/hr), and a data
type (e.g., numeric).
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-24. Properties Tab of Edit Control Measure Window
Edit Control Measure: Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers - Natural Gas delvecch 2340 '
utf 0,
I Summary Efficiencies SCCs Equations Properties References
Property
M
IE
It
~
rr
Select
Name
Category
Units
Data Type
Value
FUEL PCT
No category
%
double precision
SPVLBR PCT
No category
%
double precision
TDIR PCT
No category
%
double precision
CHEM PCT
No category
%
double precision
51.39
STEAM PCT
No category
%
double precision
0.11
TINDIR PCT
No category
%
double precision
UTIL PCT
No category
%
double precision
WSTDSP_PCT No category %
double precision
0.19
36 rows : 7 columns: 0 Selected [Filter: None, Sort: None]
Add
Edit
Remove
Report
Save
Close
68. To edit a property record, scroll down to the COST_BASIS property, and check the
corresponding checkbox in the Select column for the ("OS'I BASIS property and then
click Edit. The Edit Property Record window will appear (Figure 3-25). Notice that the
data type is a string, which means the property will contain textual information about the
measure. Notice also how the value field contains detailed information about the
methodologies used for costing this control measure.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-25. Edit Property Record Window
Edit Property 0 for Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers - Natural Gas delvecch 23... n* 13" E
Name: |CQST_BASIS|
Category:
No category
Units:
Data Type: |text
3B Field Name: COST BASIS
Value:
Sources are distinguished by NOx emission levels (Pechan. 1998).
Small source = emission levels less than 1 ton per ozone season day
Costs for stationary source NOx control are based on an analysis of EPA's NOx State
Implementation Plan (SIP) Call (Pechan. 1998). From this analysis, default cost perton values are
assigned for small sources. A discount rate of 7 percent and a capacity'factor of 65 percent are
assumed, along with an equipment life of 20 years (EPA, 1994).
In general, the incremental default cost is used for sources where there are existing controls (RACT
baseline), with efficiencies less than or equal to 70% (Pechan, 2001).
Save
Cancel
69. You can edit the value for the property record as needed to reflect your new control
measure. For training purposes, add some additional text to the Value, then click Save.
70. To add a new property record, click Add in the Properties tab. You will need to fill in
the appropriate values in the Add Property Record window that appears. For training
purposes, select No category as the Category. Specify POWER_LOSS for the Name,
MW/hr for the Units, numeric for the Data Type, POWER LOSS for the DB Field
Name, and 5 as the Value. When you are finished, click Save. A new row should appear
in the table in the Edit Control Measure window.
71. To remove one or more property records, click the corresponding checkboxes and then
click Remove. For training purposes, click the checkbox in the Select column for the
record for POWER LOSS that you just added. Next, click Remove to remove that
record. When ask to confirm if you are sure you want to remove the selected record, click
Yes. The record should disappear from the table.
72. Click Save at the bottom of the Edit Control Measure window to save the changes you
made to the control measure and to close the window.
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3.4.6 Editing the References Tab for a Control Measure
73. Go to the References tab of the Edit Control Measure Window (Figure 3-26). The
buttons on the References tab of the Edit window are different from those on the View
window. The available buttons are Add, Edit, and Remove.
Figure 3-26. References Tab of Edit Control Measure Window
Edit Control Measure: Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI Boilers - Natural Gas delvecch 2340
a 0*
Summary [ Efficiencies | SCCs | Equations j Properties | References
References
At
T
44
B
~
rr
Select
Desc
~
US EPA. Coal Utility Environmental Cost. CUECost Model Version 1.0. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/cato'products.htmlSsof
MACTEC Engineering and Consulting. Inc. March 30. 2005. Midwest Regional Planning Organization - Boiler Best Av
Bodnarik. Andy. September 29, 2011. Personal Communication with Andy Bodnarik of Ozone Transport Commissioi
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management. November 200S (revised January 2009). Applicability and Fe
Ozone Transport Commission & Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium. May 25, 2010. Pratt - Evaluation of Control
_L±
5 rows : 2 columns: 0 Selected [Filter: None, Sort: None]
Add
Edit
Remove
Report
Save
Close
74. To edit a property record, check the corresponding checkbox in the Select column for the
"MACTEC Engineering and Consulting..." reference and then click Edit. The Edit
Reference Record window will appear (Figure 3-27).
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 3-27. Edit Reference Record Window
Edit Reference 0 for Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI... rr" : 13" ES
Description
MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. March 30, 2005. Midwest
Regional Planning Organization - Boiler Best Available Retrofit
Technology Engineering Analysis
Save Cancel
75. You can edit the value for the reference record as needed to reflect your new control
measure. For training purposes, add some additional text to the Description, then click
Save.
76. To add a new reference to the control measure, click Add in the References tab, and the
Add Reference Record window will appear (Figure 3-28). You will need to either
choose a reference that already exists in the database, or add a new reference.
To choose an existing reference, click on the Use existing reference option and then
search for the reference by filling in the Text contains field, then click Search. When
you have located the correct reference, select the reference, and click Save to add the
reference. For this step, a new reference will be created instead of adding an existing one.
The next paragraph explains how to create a new reference.
To create a new reference, click on the Create new reference option and then type the
reference in the Description field, then click Save to add the reference. For training
purposes, click on Create new reference and then specify "sample technical reference"
for the Description. When you are finished, click Save. A new row should appear in the
table in the Edit Control Measure window.
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Figure 3-28. Add Reference Record Window
Add Reference 0 tor Copy of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; >CI Boilers - Natural Gas delvecch 2340
~ Ef
•> [use existing reference
Text contains
Search
References
O Create new reference
Description
Siave
Cancel
77. To remove one or more reference records in the References tab, click the corresponding
checkboxes and then click Remove. For training purposes, click the checkbox in the
Select column for the record for sample technical reference that you just added.
Next, click Remove to remove that record. When ask to confirm if you are sure you want
to remove the selected reference, click Yes. The record should disappear from the table.
78. Click Save at the bottom of the Edit Control Measure window to save the changes you
made to the control measure and to close the window.
3.5 Creating a New Control Measure
New control measures can be created in CoST.
79. To create a brand new control measure, click New on the Control Measure Manager. A
New Control Measure window will appear that looks like the Edit Control Measure
window shown in Figure 3-18, except that it has no information filled in.
80. Before you can save the control measure into the CMDB, enter a unique name (e.g.,
New PM10 Control Measure) and a unique abbreviation (e.g., PNCM) for the control
measure. You must also specify a major pollutant (e.g., PM10) and a class (e.g.,
Hypothetical) for the measure before the measure can be saved into the database. For
more information on the other fields on the Summary tab, such as the Major Pollutant,
Class, and Months, see Sections 3.2 and 3.4.
81. Go to the Efficiencies tab and add at least one Efficiency Record for the measure;
otherwise it will have no effect on any emissions sources. The Efficiencies tab should
look similar to Figure 3-19, except there will be no rows available initially. For more
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
information on the data needed for efficiency records, see Sections 3.2 and 3.4. You may
add as many efficiency records as you need to describe the control efficiency and cost of
the measure.
82. Go to the SCCs tab, which should look like the one shown in Figure 3-21, except that no
SCCs are listed initially. Add at least one SCC for the measure; otherwise it will have no
effect on any emissions sources. Note that the same control efficiency and cost
information must apply to all sources with SCCs listed on this tab, otherwise the
information must be stored in a separate measure for the other SCCs. For more
information on the data needed for SCCs, see Sections 3.2 and 3.4.
83. If you need to associate a cost equation with the measure, go to the Equations tab and
add an equation. The tab should look similar to the one shown in Figure 3-23. Cost
equations are optional. Ideally, if you do not have a cost equation, you will have entered
cost per ton information on one or more of the efficiency records so that the cost of
applying the measure can be computed when it is use in a control strategy.
84. If you need to associate a property with the measure, go to the Properties tab and add a
property. The tab should look similar to the one shown in Figure 3-24. Properties are
optional.
85. If you need to associate a reference with the measure, go to the References tab and add a
reference. The tab should look similar to the one shown in Figure 3-26. References are
optional.
86. Once you have entered all of the relevant information for the measure, click Save at the
bottom of the New Control Measure window. Hint: set your Pollutant Filter on the
Control Measure Manager to a pollutant that you specified an efficiency record for,
so that you can see the measure on the Manager, otherwise your new measure will
not be visible.
87. Set the Pollutant Filter to a pollutant you specified for one of your new measure's
efficiency records, and you should see the new measure listed. If you do not see it, try
clicking the Refresh button to reload the measures from the server.
3.6 Finding Available Control Measures for Specific SCCs
There are many situations in which you may be interested in what control measures might be
available for emissions sources of certain types. If you know what SCCs are used for the
source, the Find button on the Control Measure Manager (e.g., see Figure 3-4) can show you
what control measures are available for sources with those SCCs.
88. Before using the Find feature, set the Pollutant Filter (in the top left corner of the
Control Measure Manager) to Select one, and click the Reset button on the toolbar, so
that no pollutant or other filters will be applied prior to performing the next step.
89. Now, click the Find button. You will see the Select SCCs dialog, similar to the one
shown in Figure 3-22, except that all 11,500+ SCCs will be shown.
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90. Use the Filter Rows button on the toolbar of the Select SCCs dialog to enter a filter that
will help identify SCCs for which you would like to see available control measures. For
training purposes, try entering the filter SCC starts with 103 and then click OK. Hint:
the 'starts with' operation is above the 'contains' operation in the list of operations. You
should see about 54 SCCs that meet this criterion.
91. Click the checkbox in the Select column for a few of the SCCs that interest you
(e.g., select at least 10300101) and then click OK. If there are measures available for
your selected SCC(s), they will be shown in the table. If you happened to select an SCC
for which there are no measures available, none will be shown.
92. Click Find again and this time, enter a filter on the Select SCCs dialog based on the SCC
description instead of the SCC itself. For example, use the Filter Rows button on the
toolbar to enter the filter Description contains Cement, then click on the checkbox in
the Select column for a few of these SCCs (e.g., 30500606) and click OK. If there are
measures in the database for the selected SCCs, they will be shown in the Control
Measure Manager table. However, note that there may be some SCCs for which there are
no measures available in the database. In that case, no measures would be shown in the
table after you apply your filter. For the measures that are returned, notice whether they
all have the same value for Pollutant (e.g., measures for SCC 30500606 target NOx,
PMio, and SO2).
3.7 The Pollutant Menu
The Pollutant pull-down menu near the bottom of the Control Measure Manager selects the
pollutant for which the cost per ton, control efficiency, rule effectiveness, and rule
penetration data are shown in the Control Measure Manager when Show Details is
checked. Recall that each control measure can have efficiency records for multiple
pollutants, so the Pollutant pull-down menu allows you browse the data for different
pollutants. Note: The Pollutant menu at the bottom of the window performs a different
function than the Pollutant Filter at the top of the window. By setting the Pollutant
Filter at the top of the window, any measures that control the selected pollutant will be
shown in the table.
93. To see the effect of the Pollutant pull-down menu, first click the Reset button on the
Control Measure Manager toolbar to remove any previously specified filters. Then set the
Pollutant Filter to PM2_5, make sure that Show Details? is checked, and set the
Pollutant menu at the bottom to MAJOR. If desired, make the Name column narrower
so you can see more columns.
Examine the values in the Avg CPT, Min CPT, Max CPT, Avg CE, Min CE, and Max
CE columns for some of the measures. Notice that for some of the measures, PM2 5 is
not the pollutant listed in the pollutant column (e.g., sort on the Pollutant column by
clicking on it once or twice to find other pollutants). These measures are shown in the
manager because they affect PM2 5, even if PM2 5 is not the major pollutant for the
measure. In this case, the CPT and CE values are shown for the major pollutant specified
for the measure, not necessarily for PM2 5.
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94. Now change the value of the Pollutant menu to something other than MAJOR (e.g.,
PM10). You will see that all entries in the Pollutant column are now set to the pollutant
you specified, and the cost per ton (CPT) and control efficiency (CE) values are specific
to the selected pollutant instead of being for the major pollutant specified for the
measure. Note that CPT values may not be filled in for some measures. For PM
measures, the cost information is typically associated with PM10, as opposed to PM2 5.
Therefore, if you now set the Pollutant menu to PM2 5, you will not see CPT values for
many of the measures that do show CPT values for PM10.
95. Next, set the Pollutant menu to some other pollutant that interests you. The control
efficiency and cost information for the measures will be shown for the selected pollutant.
3.8 The Cost Year Menu
The Cost Year menu near the bottom of the Control Measure Manager controls the cost year
for which the cost data are shown in the manager. The default cost year is 2006. The cost
data are converted between cost years using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Implicit
Price Deflator, issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Details of the computation used are given in the "Control Strategy Tool (CoST)
Development Document".
96. Change the cost year in the Cost Year menu from 2006 to an earlier year (e.g., 2000).
You will see that the CPT information decreases. If you then change the cost year to a
later year than the current setting (e.g., 2005), the CPT information increases.
Note that due to the method used to convert the costs between years, it is not possible to
show costs for a future yt ar (e.g., 2025); costs can be shown only for years prior to the
current year. Also note that there is a 1- to 2-year lag between the current year and the
latest available cost year data, so you cannot specify the current year in this field.
Note that if an equation is specified for a measure, and there are no default CPT data
available for that measure, the CPT will not be shown in the Control Measure Manager
because it must be applied to an emissions source for the cost to be computed.
3.9 Importing and Exporting Control Measure Data
It is possible to export control measure data to a set of CSV files. To do this, you first need to
identify a set of control measures for which you wish to export data. You can export
measures based on specifically selected control measures via the Control Measure Manager,
or you can export measures associated to a certain sector.
97. For example, to export some measures that control PM10, set the Pollutant Filter on the
Control Measure Manager to PM10. Next, use the Filter Rows button the toolbar and
enter the following criterion: Name contains Fabric Filter. You should see about 52
measures in the manager.
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98. Click the Select all button on the Control Measure Manager toolbar, and then click the
Export button. The Exporting Control Measures dialog (Figure 3-29) will appear.
To export by selected measures, select the Export By Measure option . The list of
measures displayed for export are the same measures that were chosen from the Control
Measure Manager. Note it's not necessary to click the "Select" checkboxes for these
measures, all measures shown in the list will be exported regardless if they checked or
not. To export by control measure sector, select the Export By Sector option, then
choose the various sectors to include in the export process.
For training purposes export by measure, so make sure the Export By Measure option is
selected to export just the preselected measures from the Control Measure Manager.
To specify the folder (i.e., directory) into which the CSV files will be written, type the
folder name into the Folder text field (or paste it in using Control-V). Alternatively, you
may use the Browse button to bring up the file and directory browser shown in Figure
3-30. To specify an export file prefix when naming the new export files, type the prefix
into the Prefix text field.
Figure 3-29. Exporting Control Measures Dialog
Exporting 52 of the 52 Control Measures
* Ef
Export By Measure:
It®
Abbreviation
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type); Utility Boilers - Coal
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Asphalt Manufacture
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke
PFFMSMPCE
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundaries
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron & Steel Production
Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type);(PM10) Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundaries
f Filter fUarh Qh-al
.V'Pmni Uinarol Prnrtiif
PCCMQHIPU
52 rows: 5 columns: 0 Selected [Fitter None, Sort Name<+)]
Export By Sector
afdust
Prefix |
~ Overwrite files if they exist?
Export | I Close
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Figure 3-30. Browser
i_k
Create
Subfolders:
export
OK
gf, Select a folder to hold the exported control measure files
Finished retrieving subfolders.
Folder | C:\EMRoutput
New Subfolder I
99. To use the browser (Figure 3-30) to select the export folder, you may enter a starting
folder (e.g., C:\) by typing it into the Folder field and hitting the Enter key. To browse
into subfolders of the Folder, use the mouse or your arrow keys to find the folder you
wish to drill down into and either double click or press the Enter key on your keyboard.
If you want to create a new subfolder, enter the name in the New Subfolder field and
click the Create button. Once you have the desired folder, click OK.
100. Type an export file prefix string (e.g., fabric filter) into the Prefix field of the Exporting
Control Measures dialog. This string will be included at the front of the names of the
files that will be written. It will help you identify the types of measures that are included
once they have been exported into files.
101. Once you have specified the desired Folder and the Prefix on the Exporting Control
Measures dialog, click the Export button. The message at the top of the dialog will
notify you that the export has started and that you should monitor the Status window to
track your export request.
The Status window is near the bottom of the EMF main window (Figure 2-6). It will
show a message when the export starts and another when it is finished. You can see
updates to the status on demand by clicking the Refresh button at the top of the Status
window.
102. After the export is finished, close the Exporting Control Measures dialog by clicking
Close and then use your computer's file browser to look in the folder that you selected
for the export. In the example shown above, the files created in the selected folder are:
fabric filter summary.csv, fabric filter efficiencies.csv, fabric filter SCCs.csv,
fabric filter equations.csv, fabric filter Props.csv, and fabric filter Refs.csv.
These files may be opened with standard spreadsheet software. For a complete
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description of the fields in the files, see "Control Strategy Tool (CoST) Control
Measures Database (CMDB) Documentation".
Files in the exported format can also be imported into the CMDB. To import control
measures from files, you must be an Administrator for the EMF. If you are an
Administrator, you can click the Import button on the Control Measure Manager to start
importing measure. [Note that if you are taking a training class, you will not be an
Administrator and therefore will not be able to import control measure data, but you
can review the concepts for importing described in the following section.]
In the Import Control Measures window that appears (Figure 3-31), you may type or paste
the name of the Folder into the field. You may also use the Browse button to browse to a
folder containing the files to be imported (see the instructions for Figure 3-30) and select the
files directly from the browser. Alternatively, you may enter the folder name and then type in
a pattern to specify the files, then click Apply Pattern. When using a pattern, an asterisk (*)
will be expanded to the available file names.
It is also possible to purge existing measures from the system by sector. This feature will
remove all measures associated with the sectors chosen in the Purge Existing Measures By
Sectors list. The user must also click the Purge checkbox to allow the measures to be purged.
The measures will be purged when the Import button is clicked.
Once you have selected the files to import, click the Import button. Information about the
status of the import will be shown in the Status section of the window. To see updates to the
status of the import, click the Refresh Import Status button. Once the imports are complete,
click the Done button. If the measures you import already exist in the database, the new data
will replace the existing data. Note that you are not warned before the data are replaced, so
use the import feature with caution.
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Figure 3-31. Import Control Measures Dialog
^ Import Control Measures
eT 13
Folder
C:\EMRoutput\export
¦a Browse
Pattern
fab*, csv
Apply Pattern
Filenames
fa b ri c_fi Ite r_effi ci e n cies. csv
Ta bri c_filte r_eq u ati o ns. csv
fa bri c_fi Ite r_Pro ps. csv
fabric_filter_Refs.csv
fa bri c_fi Ite r_SC Cs. csv
fa b ri c_fi Ite r_s u m m a ry. csv
Purge Existing Measures By Sectors
~ Purge
All
*
afdust
Sector
ag
nonpt
ptfire
-
Status
Line 211: Measure, PFFRAUBC, Efficiency Record Issue for pollutant, PM2_5: Warning: Missing default cost perton
when an equation uses the same pollutant. A default CPT is not required.
Line 212: Measure, PFFRAUBC, Efficiency Record Issue for pollutant, PM2_5: Warning: Missing default cost perton
when an equation uses the same pollutant. A default CPT is not required.
Finished reading segment of Efficiency fie -211 lines read, saving efficiency records to the database
Creating and saving aggregated efficiency records to the database
Finished reading efficiency record file
Completed importing 52 control measures
Import
Import Status
Done
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4 Control Strategy Manager
This section demonstrates the features of the Control Strategy Manager. The Control Strategy
Manager allows control strategies to be created, edited, copied, and removed. A control strategy
is a set of control measures applied to emissions inventory sources (in addition to any
controls that are already in place) to accomplish an emissions reduction goal. Such goals are
usually set to improve air quality and/or to reduce risks to human health. In this section, you will
learn how to:
• View, sort, and filter a list of control strategies from the Control Strategy Manager
window
• Create control strategies
• Edit control strategies to specify their inputs and parameters
• Run control strategies
• Copy control strategies
• Remove control strategies
• Analyze and summarize outputs from control strategies
This section is presented as a series of steps so that it may be used as part of a training class or as
a tutorial on how to use CoST. The numbered steps are the ones you are expected to perform,
while other material is provided for documentation purposes.
4.1 Introduction to Control Strategies
CoST automates the key steps for preparing control strategies. The purpose of developing control
strategies is to answer questions about which sources can be controlled and how much the
application of those controls might cost. For example, suppose you have a goal to reduce NOx
emissions for the Southeast in 2030 by 100,000 tons per year. CoST can help answer questions
related to this goal, such as:
• What is the maximum emissions reduction achievable for NOx (i.e., is my reduction
goal less than the maximum possible reduction?), and what set of controls will achieve
this reduction?
• What set of controls can achieve the goal at the least cost?
• What does the cost curve look like for other levels of reduction?
• What emissions reductions for the target pollutant would be achieved?
• What are the emission reductions or increases for other pollutants of interest?
• What are the engineering costs of applying the controls for a specific strategy?
• What control measures are available for specific source categories and pollutants, how
much reduction does each one provide, and for what cost?
A future goal for CoST is to be able to answer this question: What is the optimum method for
achieving simultaneous targeted reductions for multiple pollutants?
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CoST can help answer the above questions when users set up and run one or more control
strategies. A diagram of the basic steps for running a control strategy is shown in Figure 4-1. As
illustrated in that figure, the inputs to a control strategy consist of:
• a set of parameters that control how the strategy is run
• one or more emissions inventory datasets (that have already been loaded into the EMF)
• filters to limit the sources included from those datasets
• filters to limit which control measures are to be included in the strategy analysis
• constraints that limit the application of measures to specific sources based on the
resulting costs or emissions reduction achieved
Figure 4-1. Basic Steps for Running a Control Strategy
1) Input Basic Parameters (e.g.):
• Type of Analysis
• Cost Year
• Target Pollutant
2) Select Strategy Algorithm (e.g.):
• Maximum Emissions Reduction
• Least Cost
• Least Cost Curve
• Apply Measure In Series
3) Select Inventory Dataset(s):
• Sectors (EGUs, point, area,
mobile)
• Projection year (2020, 2030)
• Filters for specific SCCs,
geographic areas, etc.
6) Run
Strategy
Query
4) Select Control Measures:
• Default is to include known measures
• Can select certain technologies
5) Select Constraints (e.g.):
• Max cost/ton controls (e.g.,
$20K/ton)
• Min emissions size (e.g., 10 tpy)
Outputs:
Detailed
Pairing of
Measures to
Sources
Control
Case
Emissions
Inventory
Various
Summary
Files
Once the inputs have been defined, the strategy can be run on the EMF server. The method by
which the measures are associated with the strategies depends on the algorithm that has been
selected for the strategy. At this time, six algorithms are available to determine how measures are
assigned to sources:
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• Annotate Inventory: assigns control measures to the inventory based on the control
efficiency specified for each source, and can be used to fill in control measure
information for inventory sources that are missing these details but have a control
efficiency assigned.
• Apply Measures in Series: assigns all control measures that can be used for a source in
the specified order; this is often used for mobile sources, for which the control measures
are typically independent of one another.
• Least Cost: each source can be assigned only a single measure to achieve a specified
percent or absolute reduction for the sources included in the strategy run, with the
minimum possible annualized cost.
• Least Cost Curve: performs least-cost runs iteratively at multiple percent reductions so
that a cost curve can be developed that shows how the annualized cost increases as the
level of desired reduction increases.
• Maximum Emissions Reduction: assigns to each source the single measure (if a
measure is available for the source) that provides the maximum reduction to the target
pollutant, regardless of cost.
• Multi-Pollutant Maximum Emissions Reduction: assigns all control measures that can
be used for a source based on a specific target pollutant order (e.g., NOx first, PMio
second, VOC third, and SO2 last). Each source target pollutant can be assigned only a
single measure, and it must be the one that provides the maximum reduction, regardless
of cost. If a source's target pollutant was already controlled via a co-impact from a
measure applied during a previous target pollutant iteration, then no additional control
will be chosen for that specific source's target pollutant (e.g., if a NOx measure also
controlled VOC as a co-impact, during the VOC iteration no measure would be attempted
for this source, since it was already controlled via the co-impact).
Some of the key aspects of each of the strategy types are summarized in Table 4-1, and some
additional information on each strategy type is provided in the following subsections.
Table 4-1. Summary of Strategy Algorithms
Strategy Type
Multiple
Inventories
Typical
Sectors
Measure
Assignment
Outputs
Annotate Inventory
Processed
independently
Area,
nonpoint
One per source
Standard
Apply Measures in
Series
Processed
independently
Mobile:
On road,
nonroad
Multiple per
source
Standard
Least Cost
Will be merged
Area,
nonpoint
One per source
Standard, Least Cost Con-
trol Measure Worksheet
Least Cost Curve
Will be merged
Area,
nonpoint
One per source
Standard, Least Cost Con-
trol Measure Worksheet,
Least Cost Curve
Summary
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Strategy Type
Multiple
Inventories
Typical
Sectors
Measure
Assignment
Outputs
Maximum
Emissions
Reduction
Processed
independently
Area,
nonpoint
One per source,
to achieve
maximum
reduction of
target pollutant
Standard
Multi-Pollutant
Maximum
Emissions
Reduction
Processed
independently
Area,
nonpoint
One per source
target pollutant;
based on
specified target
pollutant order;
could be multiple
per source
Standard
After the strategy run is complete, several outputs are associated with the strategy. The main
CoST output for each control strategy is a table called the "Strategy Detailed Result". This
table consists of emission source-control measure pairings, each of which contains information
about the cost and emission reduction that would be achieved if the measure were to be applied
to the source. If multiple inventories were processed by the strategy, then there will be one
Strategy Result for each input inventory, unless the inventories were merged for a least cost run
(as indicated in the 'Multiple Inventories' column Table 4-1). Also, there will be at least one
Strategy Detailed for each of the least cost iterations performed as part of a Least Cost Curve
run. In addition to the Strategy Detailed Result, two other outputs are produced for each strategy
run: the Strategy County Summary (which includes uncontrolled and controlled emissions), and
the Strategy Measure Summary (which summarizes how control measures were applied for each
sector-county-SCC-Pollutant combination). These three outputs are referred to in Table 4-1 as
the 'Standard' outputs.
The Strategy Detailed Result table itself can be summarized on-demand in many ways using
predefined summary queries (e.g., by state, by county, by control technology). Users familiar
with SQL can also define their own custom queries. The Strategy Detailed Result table can also
be merged with the original input inventory, in an automated manner, to produce a controlled
emissions inventory that reflects implementation of the strategy. The controlled emissions
inventory includes information about the measures that have been applied to the controlled
sources and can be directly input to the SMOKE modeling system to prepare air quality model-
ready emissions data. Comments are placed at the top of the inventory file to indicate the
strategy that produced it and the settings of the high-level parameters that were used to run the
strategy.
Detailed information on specifying control strategy input parameters is given in Section 4.3.1.
Section 4.3.2 discusses fields automatically set by CoST. Section 4.3.3 addresses inventories and
inventory filtering. Section 4.3.4 discusses control measure filtering and custom overrides.
Constraints are discussed in Section 4.3.5. Running a strategy and accessing its outputs are
discussed in Section 4.4. Documentation for the various types of strategy outputs is given in
Section 4.5, and information about summaries of strategy inputs and outputs is given in Section
4.6.
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4.1.1 Maximum Emissions Reduction Control Strategy
The Maximum Emissions Reduction control strategy is the simplest of the strategy algorithms. It
assigns to each source the single control measure that provides the maximum reduction to the
target pollutant, regardless of cost. The strategy produces the three standard types of strategy
outputs, including a Strategy Detailed Result for each input inventory.
4.1.2 Apply Measures in Series Control Strategy
The Apply Measures in Series control strategy applies all relevant controls to a source, as
opposed to the Maximum Emission Reduction strategy, where only the most relevant measure
(with the best possible reduction for lowest cost) is applied to the source. The Apply Measures
in Series strategy is typically used for mobile sources, for which the input inventories are often
average day inventories specific to a given month, and for which there are often multiple
independent controls available for each source. Therefore, the measures are applied to the source
in series, one after the other. The order of application is based on the user-specified "apply
order," but the system also considers the lowest cost and greatest control efficiency. Thus, the
cost factor in terms of dollars per ton of pollutant reduced is used to calculate the annualized cost
of the control measure when applied to a specific source.
The three standard types of outputs are generated after a successful strategy run: a Strategy
Detailed Result for each input inventory, a single Strategy Measure Summary, and a single
Strategy County Summary. Note that when input inventories contain average-day emissions data
for a month, the corresponding Strategy Detailed Result datasets will specify total monthly
emissions as opposed to average day emissions for each source; otherwise they will specify
annual emissions. The total monthly emissions are calculated by multiplying the average day
emissions by the number of days in the month. Regarding the two types of summary outputs, if
the input datasets have data for each of the 12 months, the summaries will provide annual
emissions.
4.1.3 Least Cost Control Strategy
The Least Cost strategy type assigns measures to emissions sources to achieve a specified
percent reduction or absolute reduction of a target pollutant for sources in a specified geographic
region while incurring the minimum possible annualized cost. This algorithm is similar to the
maximum emissions reduction strategy in that only a single measure is applied to each source.
For example, one measure might be selected for a source when trying to reduce the target
pollutant by 20%. However, if you were trying to obtain a 40% reduction of the target pollutant,
another more expensive measure that achieves a higher level of control might be selected for the
same source to meet the targeted level of reduction. If multiple inventories are specified as inputs
to a Least Cost strategy, they are automatically merged into one EMF dataset as an ORL Merged
dataset type. This allows the multiple inventory sectors to be considered simultaneously during
a single Least Cost run. Note that the merged inventory dataset will be truncated and repopulated
at the start of each strategy run, to ensure that the most up to date inventory data is included in
the run.
The Least Cost strategy automatically creates the same three standard output datasets, but it also
creates an additional output dataset called the Least Cost Control Measure Worksheet. This
output is a table of all possible emission source-control measure pairings (for sources and
measures that meet the respective filters specified for the strategy), each of which contains
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information about the cost and emission reduction achieved if the measure was to be applied to
the source. Examples of these tables are given in Section 4.5. This dataset will be used to help
generate a single Strategy Detailed Result (no matter how many input inventories were
processed) once the optimization process has been performed to achieve the desired reduction.
This dataset has the all of the same columns as the Strategy Detailed Result (see Table 4-9), in
addition to the following columns:
• marginal: This column stores the marginal cost (dollars are given based on the specified
cost year) for the source-measure record. This is calculated according to the following
equation:
marginal cost = annual cost (for specified cost year) / emission reduction (tons)
Note that cost equations are used to compute the annual cost, when applicable and all
required input data is available. For target pollutant source-control pair records, the
annual cost will be the total of the annual costs for the target pollutant and any costs
associated with cobenefit pollutants.
• status: This column contains a flag that helps determine which source-control records
should be actively considered during the strategy run.
• cumannualcost: This column contains the cumulative annual cost for the source and
all preceding sources that have been included in the strategy (i.e., for which status is
null). This is only specified for target pollutant sources, but it also includes costs
associated with cobenefit pollutants.
• cumemisreduction: This column contains the cumulative emission reduction for the
source and all preceding sources that have been included in the strategy (i.e., for which
status is null). This is only calculated for target pollutant sources. The emission
reduction is cumulated by following the apply order in an ascending order.
If multiple input inventories are used for the least cost strategy run and the user requests to create
controlled inventories, there will be one controlled inventory created for each of the input
inventories.
4.1.4 Least Cost Curve Control Strategy
The purpose of the Least Cost Curve strategy type is to iteratively run Least Cost strategies so
that a cost curve of can be generated. Typically, a cost curve will show has the total cost of
emissions reduction and the cost per ton of emissions reduction increases as the desired level of
reduction increases. The input inventories are treated in the same way as the least cost run in
that the data from the inventories will be put together into an ORL Merged inventory prior to
performing any of the runs. The inventory filters and measure filters work in the same way as
they do for the other strategy types, as do the constraints that apply to all strategy types. The
main difference between the Least Cost and Least Cost Curve strategy types is in the
specification of constraints. Instead of specifying a single percent reduction or absolute
emissions reduction, three new constraints are used to control the run:
• Domain-wide Percent Reduction Start (%): Specifies a percent reduction to be used for
the first Least Cost strategy to be run.
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• Domain-wide Percent Reduction End (%): Specifies a percent reduction to be used for
the last Least Cost strategy to be run.
• Domain-wide Percent Reduction Increment (%): Specifies an increment on percentages
to use between the first and last runs (e.g., if 25% is specified, runs will be performed for
25, 50, 75, and 100% reduction).
Additional runs can be added to a least cost curve strategy if you do not delete the previous
results when you rerun the strategy. Suppose that you generate a coarse cost curve (default
increment is 25%) and you find an area of interest that bears further examination. You can then
go back and specify different start, end, and increment to obtain more information (e.g.,
start=80%, end=90%, increment=2%) about that portion of the curve.
The types of outputs for a Least Cost Curve strategy are the following:
1) Strategy Detailed Result datasets for each targeted percent reduction. Note that several
results could have the same actual percent reduction if the targeted reduction exceeds the
maximum available reduction. As with a Least Cost strategy, the actual percent reduction
may not exactly match the targeted reduction due to the discrete nature of applying
specific controls to specific sources. CoST will ensure that each actual reduction is equal
to or greater than the corresponding targeted reduction.
2) Least Cost Control Measure Worksheet: this output is the same as the worksheet
produced for a regular Least Cost strategy run. Note that the same worksheet is used for
all targeted percent reductions and only the status column is updated to specify when
measure-source combinations are included in the current strategy.
3) Least Cost Curve Summary: this output dataset contains a row with cost and emissions
reduction information for each of the runs that was performed for the strategy. Rows are
added to this output if additional strategy runs are performed (e.g., to examine different
sections of the curve). The columns of this summary are: Poll, UncontrollEmis (tons),
TotalEmisReduction (tons), Target Percent Reduction, Actual Percent Reduction,
Total Annual Cost, Average_Ann_Cost_per_Ton, Total_Annual_Oper_Maint_Cost,
Total Annualized Capital Cost, Total Capital Cost. Here, the Uncontroll Emis
column contains the emissions from the original input inventory with all existing controls
backed out so that it represents the uncontrolled emissions. The columns starting with
Total are computed by summing all of the values of the corresponding column in the
Strategy Detailed Result for the pollutant specified in the Poll column. Examples of Least
Cost Curve Summaries are given in Figure 10 and Table 19.
4) Controlled Inventories: these output datasets may optionally be created based on any of
the Strategy Detailed Results that are available for the strategy. Thus, results
corresponding to any of the targeted reductions may be processed by SMOKE and the
resulting data used as an input to an air quality model. Note that for each targeted
reduction, individual controlled inventories will be created for each of the input
inventories.
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4.1.5 Annotate Inventory Control Strategy
The purpose of the Annotate Inventory strategy type is to specify what measures are likely to
have been used to achieve specified percent reductions in input inventories. The input inventories
are treated in the same way as the Maximum Emissions Reduction runs in that each inventory is
processed separately and separate results are created for each one. The inventory filters and
measure filters work in the same way as they do for the other strategy types. Note that the
selected target pollutant is important because only records for that pollutant will be annotated,
but CoST may be changed in the future to consider all inventory pollutants. Constraints are
applicable in that if the controlled source does not satisfy the specified constraints, it will not be
included in the result and another measure that does satisfy the constraints will be sought.
The outputs from the Annotate Inventory strategy type are an Annotated Inventory for each of
the input inventories. The annotated inventories have the same dataset types as the input
inventories. All of the source records for the specified target pollutant with nonzero control
efficiencies in the input inventory will appear in the annotated inventory and the control
measures column will be filled in for sources for which a matching measure has been found.
Note that the originally specified control efficiency fields and the emissions in the inventory are
not changed, even if the inventory efficiency differed from the efficiency specified for the
control measure. Once an annotated inventory has been created, a controlled inventory can be
created from the annotated inventory. Unlike the annotated inventory, the controlled inventory
will have all records found in the input inventory and can therefore be used as an input to
SMOKE.
One of the goals for CoST that has not yet been met is for the tool to be able to intelligently
make use of control measures that can be applied in addition to other controls (also known as
'add-on' controls). In order for the software to meet this goal, it is important for it to first be able
to determine whether there are any existing control measures on the emissions source and the
type of control device(s) used by the existing measures. Currently, a data gap exists in this area
for both the base year emissions inventories and the future year emission inventories which may
be used as inputs to a control strategy run. The NEI contains data fields to store this information,
and there is a limited amount of existing control efficiency and control device code data in the
base year NEI. However, these fields are not very well populated in the base year inventory for
sectors other than the EGU point sources, and the fields are even less well populated in the future
year modeling inventories. Generally, the control efficiency field is much better populated than
the control device fields. In addition, the control device codes that are stored in the NEI are a lot
less specific than the control measure abbreviations that CoST uses. Therefore, even if the
control device codes were well populated, these codes would need to be translated into the CoST
control measure abbreviations for CoST to really have the information it needs to properly apply
add-on controls.
To address the issue of unspecified control measures in inventories that can be input to CoST,
several steps have been taken. First, when CoST creates a controlled inventory, in addition to
filling in the information in the CEFF, REFF, and RPEN columns, CoST populates the Control
Measures, Pet Reduction, Current Cost, and Total Cost columns in the ORL inventory to specify
information about measures that it has applied. In this way, the controlled inventories created by
CoST always specify the relevant information about the measures that have been applied as a
result of a CoST control strategy. The Annotate Inventory strategy type is a second step that has
been taken to provide more information about existing control measures.
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When an Annotate Inventory strategy is run, CoST looks at the percent reduction specified by
the CEFF, REFF, and RPEN columns and uses the available control measures in the database to
try to determine what control measure has the closest percent reduction to the one specified in
the inventory. It then fills in the control measures column with the measure that was found.
Note that the originally specified control efficiency fields and the emissions in the inventory are
not changed, even if the inventory efficiency differed from the efficiency specified for the
control measure. If no measure was found, it leaves the control measure field blank. Once the
strategy has been run, a summary report can be generated with using the "Compare CoST to NEI
measures" query that shows the sources with non-zero CEFF values and the difference between
the inventory specified percent reduction and the percent reduction that the control measure that
CoST "guessed" had been applied to the source. It is important for the user to then examine
the results of this report to find cases where the specified control efficiency matches were
not even close and those for which no match was found. Both of these situations can indicate
that there is missing or incorrect data in the control measures database, or that the information in
the inventory was erroneous. The eventual goal of the Annotate Inventory strategy is to develop
a base year inventory with more complete existing control measure information.
4.1.6 Multi-Pollutant Maximum Emissions Reduction Control Strategy
The Multi-Pollutant Maximum Emissions Reduction control strategy assigns to each source the
single measure for each target pollutant that provides the maximum reduction, regardless of cost.
This process is performed for each target pollutant in an order specified by the user (e.g., NOx
first, VOC second, SO2 last). If a measure would control a pollutant that was already controlled
as a co-impact from a previous target pollutant analysis iteration, that measure will be excluded
from consideration during the source-measure matching process. For example, if measure ABC
controlled NOx (the first analyzed target pollutant) and VOC, and during the next pollutant
iteration (for VOC) measure DEF also controls NOx and VOC, this measure will not be
considered because VOC control was a co-impact from applying the ABC measure.
The inventory filter and county filter work differently for this control strategy than they do for
the other strategy types. The inventory filter and county filter can be specified separately for
each target pollutant, whereas for the other strategy types they are defined at the strategy level.
The Multi-Pollutant Maximum Emissions Reduction strategy produces the three standard types
of strategy outputs, including a Strategy Detailed Result for each input inventory.
4.2 Managing Control Strategies
The control strategies currently available within CoST are shown in the Control Strategy
Manager. The Control Strategy Manager allows you to see information about control strategies,
to create new control strategies, and also to edit, remove, and copy control strategies.
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4.2.1 Opening the Control Strategy Manager
1. To open the Control Strategy Manager, choose Control Strategies from the Manage
menu on the EMF main window (Figure 4-2) and the Control Strategy Manager will
appear (Figure 4-3).
Figure 4-2. Manage Menu of EMF Main Window
e* Emissions Modeling Framework (EMF): deivecch (delvecch), Server (localhost)
p 0*
Manage Window Tools Help
Dataset Types
Sectors
Control Measures
Control Strategies
Control Programs
Users
My Profile
^ Status
Last Update: 03/22/2012 01:52:53
Messag...
Message
Figure 4-3. Control Strategy Manager Window
& Control Strategy Manager
a Ef
Refresh
Mo
Select
Name
Last Modified
Is Final
Run Status
Region
Target Pollutan
~
Least Cost Curve Example
2012/03/2515:13
~
Finished
NC, SC, VA
PM2 5
~
Apply Measure In Series Example
2012/03/25 15:07
~
Finished
NC, SC, VA
PM2 5
Least Cost Example
2012/03/25 15:02
Finished
NC, SC, VA
PM2 5
~
Max Emissions Reduction Example
2012/03/2515:02
~
Finished
NC, SC, VA
PM2 5
~
Multi-Pollutant Max Emissions Reduction Example
2012/03/25 14:58
~
Finished
NC, SC, VA
PM2 5
_l±l
5 rows : 15 columns: 0 Selected [Filter: Hone, Sort: Last Modified(-)]
View
Edit
Hew
Remove
Copy
Compare
Close
The Control Strategy Manager shows all of the control strategies currently available within
the EMF/CoST system in a sortable, filterable window. The columns shown in the window
are Select, Name, Last Modified, Is Final, Run Status, Region, Target Pollutant, Total Cost,
Reduction (tons), Average Cost Per Ton, Project, Strategy Type, Cost Year, Inventory]
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Year, and Creator. Descriptions of some of the columns are given in Table 4-2. The
remaining fields are described in detail in Section 4.3.
Table 4-2. Key Columns of the Control Strategy Manager
Column
Description
Name
shows the name of the control strategy.
Last Modified
shows the date and time on which the strategy was last changed.
Run Status
gives information about the strategy run. Possible options are:
Not started - the strategy run has never been started;
Waiting - a run has been requested, but it is waiting because other
strategies are running;
Running - the strategy is currently running;
Finished - the strategy run completed successfully;
Failed - the strategy run started, but failed due to a problem.
Inv Year
shows the year of the emissions inventory that the strategy will process.
4.2.2 Sorting and Filtering Control Strategies
By default, the strategies are shown using a descending sort on the last modified date and
time, so that the most recently modified strategies appear at the top of the list.
2. To sort the control strategies on the total cost of the strategy, click on the words 'Total
Cost' in the Total Cost column and the rows will re-sort so that the most expensive
strategies will be shown at the top. Click on the Total Cost column header again to
reverse the sort.
3. To see only strategies that were run with a specific target pollutant, click the button on
the toolbar that looks like a filter: . When you do this the "Filter Rows" dialog
appears. Try entering a criterion for the filter by clicking Add Criteria. Click in the cell
under "Column Name" to make a pull-down menu appear; choose "Target Pollutant".
You can change the operation used by clicking in the cell under "Operation", but for our
purposes "contains" is the desired selection. Next, enter the pollutant of interest (e.g.,
PM2_5) in the Value cell.
Note that the filter values are case-sensitive (e.g., "NOx" will not match a filter value
of "NOX"). When you are finished, the Filter Rows dialog should look like the one
shown in Figure 4-4. After you click OK, the Control Strategy Manager will show only
strategies that targeted PM2_5.
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Figure 4-4. Filter Rows to Show Only Strategies Targeting NOx
Filter Rows ["£^1
0
Apply Filter?
Match using: (*) ALL criteria G ANY criteria
Add Criteria
Delete Criteria
Column Name
Operation
Value
Target Pollutant
contains
PM2 5
OK
Cancel
4. Once you have reviewed the information available on the Control Strategy Manager,
44
click the Reset button ^ to remove the filter and sort that you had specified.
For more information on performing sorting, filtering, formatting, and other operations on
the table that shows the control strategies used for the Control Strategy Manager, refer to
Section 3.1.
4.2.3 Copying Control Strategies
Control strategies can be copied to create new control strategies, regardless of whether they have
been run. If you copy a strategy and then edit the newly created strategy, you will not be
changing any settings for the original strategy, so this is a safe way to start working with your
own strategies. When a strategy is copied, is retains all of the settings from the original strategy
except for the information on the Outputs tab, and the output summary information that is shown
on the Summary tab.
5. Click the Select checkbox next to one of the strategies (e.g., "Least Cost Example) and
then click Copy. You will see that a new strategy has been added to the Control Strategy
Manager with the name "Copy of original strategy name".
Note that if you had selected more than one strategy prior to clicking Copy, each of the
selected strategies would have been copied.
4.2.4 Removing Control Strategies
If you created a control strategy, or you are an EMF Administrator, you can remove the control
strategy from CoST. Strategies should be removed with caution, because there is no 'undo' for
this operation.
6. To remove a control strategy, click the Select checkbox that corresponds to the strategy
and then click Remove. For training purposes, select the strategy you just copied in the
previous subsection. When you are prompted to confirm whether you would like to
remove the control strategy, click Yes. You will see that the selected strategy has been
removed from the table on the Control Strategy Manager.
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Note that if you had selected more than one control strategy before clicking Remove, all
of the selected strategies would have been removed.
4.2.5 Creating a New Control Strategy
7. To create a new control strategy, click the New button. A dialog will appear that asks you
to name the strategy. Enter a name that is different from any of the existing control
strategies (e.g., Least Cost 2017 NOx for Training) and then click OK.
An Edit Control Strategy window for your newly created strategy will appear. The
window has five tabs: Summary, Inventories, Measures, Constraints, and Outputs. This
window and how to fill in the information on these tabs is discussed in more detail in
Section 4.3.
8. Click Save to save your newly created strategy. You will be prompted to give values for
the following fields prior to saving.
- For Target Year, enter the year of the emissions inventory you plan to use (e.g., 2017).
- Select a Type of Analysis based on the goal of your strategy (e.g., Least Cost for
training purposes).
- Select a Target Pollutant for your strategy (e.g., NOX for training purposes).
9. Click Save to save your newly created strategy. Close your newly created control
strategy by clicking the Close button in the Edit Control Strategy window.
If you do not see your newly created strategy in the Control Strategy Manager, click the
Reset button on the toolbar to remove any filters that you may have applied previously..
If you still do not see your new strategy, click the Refresh button at the top right of the
Control Strategy Manager to obtain new data from the server.
After taking these steps, you can also try clicking on the top of the Last Modified column
and scroll to the top to find the most recently modified strategies.
4.2.6 Editing Control Strategies
Click the select checkbox next to a strategy that you created (e.g., one from the
previous subsection), and then click Edit. If you have permission to edit the strategy
(i.e., you are its creator or an Administrator), the Edit Control Strategy window will
appear with the Summary tab visible (Figure 4-5). Note that if you had selected multiple
control strategies before clicking Edit, they each would have opened in their own
window. The tabs on the Edit Control Strategy window are listed in Table 4-3. The
contents of these tabs are described in detail in Section 4.3.
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Table 4-3. Tabs of the Edit Control Strategy Window
Tab
Description
Summary
Shows you high-level information about the strategy, such as its Name
and the Target Pollutant.
Inventories
From which you can specify the emission inventories to use as input to
the strategy and filters for those inventories.
Measures
Allows you to specify the classes of measures to include in the
strategy, or select specific measures to include.
Constraints
Allows you to specify constraints for the strategy, such as a maximum
cost per ton.
Outputs
Shows the results from the strategy after it has been run.
Figure 4-5. Summary Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window
Edit Control Strategy: Least Cost 2017 NOx for Training
~ 0
SummarT~| Inventories | Measures"} Constraints | Outputs
Name: [LeastCost2017 NOxforTraining
Description:
Project:
Creator. Darin
Type of Analysis: Least Cost
Is Final: ~
Parameters
Cost Yean
TargetYear
Region:
Target Pollutant:
Discount Rate (H):
2006
2017
NOX
7.0
Use Cost Equations: [~!
Include Measures
Apply CAP measures with No Cost Data:
on HAP Pollutants:
0
Results
Last Modified Date: 06/08/2012 13:55
Copied From:
Start Date: Not started
Completion Date: Not started
Running User:
Total Annualized Cost:
Target Poll. Reduction (tons):
Save
Close
Run
Refresh
Stop
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4.3 Inputs to Control Strategies
Control strategies have fields that can be specified by the user prior to running the strategy.
These fields are described in this section.
4.3.1 Inputs on the Summary tab
To specify the inputs for the strategy on the Summary tab (see Figure 4-5, above), follow the
steps below. Note that the fields on the Summary tab missing from this list are automatically set
by CoST, and are discussed in Section 4.3.2. Fields that are contained within boxes with either
white backgrounds or that are pull-down menus usually allow you to enter your own data; while
fields that are not contained within boxes are set by the software and cannot be changed by the
user.
10. If one has not already been specified, enter a unique and meaningful Name for the
control strategy (e.g., Least Cost 2017 NOx for Training).
11. Optionally, enter a Description of the purpose for the control strategy, and any other
information deemed relevant and useful to describe the strategy.
12. Optionally, select the name of the Project for which this strategy run was performed
(e.g., Ozone NAAQS) from the pull-down menu. The project is used as a means of
grouping related strategies that were performed in support of a common goal.
13. Select a Type of Analysis to specify the type of algorithm used to match the control
measures with sources (e.g., Maximum Emissions Reduction, Least Cost). For purposes
of training, select Least Cost, otherwise specify the type of strategy algorithm you are
interested in running.
14. Optionally specify whether the strategy Is Final. For training purposes, do not check
the Is Final checkbox, because this setting is to finalize a control strategy. Once the
strategy has been finalized, the strategy cannot be rerun.
15. Specify a Cost Year to use for presenting the costs for the results of this strategy. For
training purposes, enter 2006. All cost data specified for the control measures will be
converted to this year using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Implicit Price Deflator,
issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Details of
the computation used are given in the "Control Strategy Tool (CoST) Development
Document". Note that there is a 1- to 2-year lag between the current year and the latest
available data, so you cannot specify the current year in this field.
16. Specify a Target Year for the strategy run. For training purposes, enter 2017.
Typically, this is the year represented by the input inventory or inventories (e.g., 2020,
2030). For control measure efficiency records to be considered for a strategy, the
specified effective date for the record must be equal to or earlier than the target year.
Note that any control measure efficiency records that come into effect after the target
year will not be considered for use in the strategy.
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17. Optionally specify the name of the geographic Region to which the strategy is to be
applied. For training purposes, select any region, because this setting is for user
information only and does not impact the strategy results. Region is different from the
concept of "locale" used in the control measure efficiency records (see Section 3.2.2) to
indicate the state or county code to which the record applies.
18. Select a Target Pollutant for the strategy (e.g., for training purposes pick 'NOX'). The
target pollutant is the pollutant of primary interest for emissions reduction for this control
strategy. The Least Cost and Maximum Emissions Reduction algorithms will consider
reductions of this pollutant when performing their computations.
Note that reductions of pollutants other than the selected target pollutant (e.g., PMio,
PM2.5, elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC]) will be included in strategy results if
those pollutants both appear in the inventories input to the strategy and they are affected
by measures applied as part of the strategy. These pollutants are sometimes referred to as
"co-impact pollutants", because the impact on the emissions could be either a reduction
(i.e., a benefit) or an increase (i.e., a disbenefit).
19. Specify a Discount Rate (i.e., interest rate) to use when computing the annualized capital
cost for control measures when appropriate data are available. For training purposes,
enter 7. Note that discount rate typically does not affect strategies for area or mobile
sources.
20. Specify whether to Use Cost Equations for the strategy run. When the checkbox is
checked, cost equations will be included in the run, otherwise only CPT related cost
estimates will be used. For training purposes, leave this checked. When it is not
checked, they will not be used; only the default cost per ton values will be used.
21. Specify whether to Apply CAP measures on HAP Pollutants for the strategy run. When
the checkbox is checked, a CAP-to-HAP pollutant mapping relationship exists that will
allow any source's HAP pollutants to be reduced at the same emission reduction
percentage as the corresponding mapped CAP pollutant. For training purposes, leave
this unchecked. When it is not checked, control of the source's HAP pollutants will not
be attempted.
22. Specify whether to Include Measures with No Cost Data. When the checkbox is
checked, measures with control efficiencies but without cost data (e.g., measures with no
cost data specified or measures that use a cost equation to compute cost, but for which
there is not enough data for the source in the inventory to fill in the equations variables),
are included in the strategy run; otherwise they are not included. For training purposes,
leave this checked.
4.3.2 Fields Automatically Set by CoST
Some fields of a control strategy that appear on the Summary tab are set automatically by the
CoST software and are not specified by the user. Note that some of these summarize the results
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of the strategy analysis, so information for them is not available until after the strategy has been
run. The automatically set fields are described in Table 4-4.
Table 4-4. Fields on the Control Strategy Summary Tab Automatically Set by CoST
Field
Description
Creator
The name of the person who created the strategy.
Last Modified Date
The date and time when the strategy was last modified.
Copied From
The name of the strategy that this strategy was copied from, if any.
Start Date
The date and time on which the strategy run was most recently started,
or "Not started" if the strategy has never been run.
Completion Date
The date and time on which the strategy run was most recently com-
pleted. If the run has not completed, this field shows the run status of
either "Not started", "Running", "Waiting", "Completed", or "Failed".
Running User
The name of the user who most recently ran the strategy.
Total Annualized
Cost
The total annualized cost of applying the strategy.
Target Poll.
Reduction (tons)
The absolute emissions reduction achieved for the target pollutant, in
tons.
4.3.3 Inputs on the Inventories Tab
To specify the inputs for the strategy on the Inventories tab (Figure 4-6), follow the steps in this
section. To begin, click on the Inventories tab. The Inventories to Process table near the top of
the tab lists the emissions inventories for which the control strategy will be run. A control
strategy can have one or more emissions inventories as input. Before inventories can be selected
for use in the strategy, they must already have been imported into the EMF via the Import
button on the File menu of the EMF Main Window. The CoST application comes preloaded
with several ORL inventories for training purposes. The inventories must also have one of the
following EMF dataset types: ORL point, ORL nonpoint, ORL nonroad, or ORL onroad. "ORL"
stands for "one record per line", meaning that each line of the file has information for a single
source-pollutant combination. Point inventories have information about emissions sources with
specific locations, which are specified using latitude and longitude. Nonpoint, nonroad, and
onroad inventories contain data aggregated to the county level. Note that IDA inventories are not
supported by CoST and need to be converted to ORL prior to use with CoST. The EMF database
stores the data for the emissions inventories along with metadata about the inventories in its
PostgreSQL (http://www.postgresql.org) database.
23. To add one or more inventories to the Inventories to Process table for the control
strategy, click the Add button on the Inventories tab. A Select Inventory Datasets dialog
will appear.
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24. From the Select Inventory Datasets dialog, select the type of inventory that you wish to
show (e.g., ORL Nonpoint) from the pull-down menu titled "Choose a dataset type"
near the top of the dialog. The browser will then show you the inventories of the
specified type (Figure 4-7). If there are many inventories and you wish to narrow down
the list (e.g., to find inventories for 2017), you can then enter a string in the Dataset
name contains field and press the Enter key on your keyboard. This will limit the list to
those inventories for which their name contains the specified string.
25. To select an inventory to use for the strategy from the dialog, click on the name of the
inventory with your mouse. For training purposes, select
nonpt_pf4_cap_nopfc_2017ct_nc_sc_va and then click OK. When you return to the
Inventories tab, you will see the inventory you selected in the list of inventories to
process.
Figure 4-6. Inventories Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window
Edit Control Strategy: Least Cost 2017 NOx for Training *
a Ef
| Summary j Inventories | Measures | Constraints | Outputs
Inventories to Process
¦f
$CC(l
M
E
13"
~
II
Select
0
TWe
Dataset
Version
[ORL Nonpoint Inventory (ARINV) lnonpt_pf4_cap_nopfc_2017ct_nc_sc_va
1_rows : 4 columns: 1 Selected [Filter None, Sort: None]
Add
Set Version
Remove
View
View Data
0 Merge Inventories
Filters
Inventory Filter:
County Dataset:
County Dataset Version:
Not selected
•r
View
View Data
E
Save
Close
Run
Refresh
Stop
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Figure 4-7. Selecting Inventory Datasets for a Control Strategy
^ Select Datasets
Dataset name contains: 2017
ORL Hon point Inventory (ARINV)
n on pt_pf4_ca p_n opfc_2 017ct
n on pt_pf4_ca p_n opfc2017ctn c_sc_va
OK
Cancel
26. Click the Add button to add two more inventories. Select the ORL Point inventory type
from the pull down at the top and add the ptnonipm_xportfrac_cap2017ct and
ptnonipm_xportfrac_cap2017ct_nc_sc_va datasets. To select multiple inventories, hold
down the control key while clicking the additional inventories.
27. If you wish to remove inventories from the list of inventories to process, click the Select
checkboxes that correspond to those inventories, click the Remove button (Figure 4-6),
and then click Yes when you are asked to confirm deleting of the inventories. For training
purposes, remove the ptnonipm_xportfrac_cap2017ct inventory so that only the
nonpt_pf4_cap_nopfc_2017ct_nc_sc_va and
ptnonipm_xportfrac_cap2017ct_nc_sc_va inventories remain in the list. When asked
if you really want to remove the selected inventory, select Yes.
28. Note that multiple versions of the inventories may be available within the EMF. The
EMF supports the storing of multiple versions of a dataset to facilitate reproducibility of
historical runs. To specify which version of the inventory to use, check the Select
checkbox next to a single inventory and then click the Set Version button. A dialog will
appear that lists the versions available for the selected inventory. Choose the desired
version from the menu and then click the OK button. You will then see the number of the
version you specified in the Version column of the Inventories to Process table. Note that
the initial version of a dataset is always version number 0 and for this training exercise
the datasets only have one not multiple versions.
29. To see the properties (i.e., metadata) for an inventory you selected, click the
corresponding checkbox in the Select column and then click View. The Dataset
Properties View window will appear (Figure 4-8). The Dataset Properties View window
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provides information about the selected inventory dataset and has multiple tabs as
described in Table 4-5.
Table 4-5. Tabs of the Dataset Properties View and Edit Windows
Tab
Description
Summary
Shows high-level properties of the dataset
Data
Provides access to the actual inventory data so that you can view the
data that will be used in the control strategy
Keywords
Shows additional types of metadata not found on the Summary tab
Notes
Shows comments that users have made about the dataset and
questions they may have
Revisions
Shows the revisions that have been made to the dataset
History
Shows how the dataset has been used in the past
Sources
Shows where the data came from and where it is stored in the
database, if applicable
QA
Shows QA summaries that have been made of the dataset (e.g., state
summaries, county summaries)
There are also buttons at the bottom of the window. The Edit Properties button will
bring up the Dataset Properties Editor that will allow you to change (as opposed to just
look at) the properties of the Dataset. The Edit Data button will bring up the Dataset
Versions Editor that allows you to edit the actual data of the dataset by adding new
versions. The Refresh button will update the data on the Dataset Properties View
window with the latest information available from the server. The Export button allows
the user to export the dataset data to a location on the server. The Close button closes the
Dataset Properties Editor window.
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Figure 4-8. Dataset Properties View Window for an Emissions Inventory
m Dataset Properties View: nonpt_pf4_cap_nopfc_2017ct_nc_sc_va (ID = 66)
Summary Data Keywords Motes Revisions History Sources QA
Name: nonpt_pf4_cap_nopfc_2017ct_nc_sc_va (ID = 66)
Description:
SORL NONPOINT
#TYPE NonPoint Inventory for CAPS
^COUNTRY US
#YEAR 2017
SDESC ANNUAL
ffDESC US (including AK and HI), PR, VI
Project: 2002 Platform, v3.1
Creator: EMF Administrator (adrnin)
Dataset Type: ORL Nonpoint Inventory (ARINV)
Time Period Start: 01/01/2002 00:00
Time Period End: 12/31/2002 00:00
Temporal Resolution: Annual
Sector nonpt
Region: US
Countrv:
Status: Imported
Last Modified Date: 01/25/2012 10:48
Last Accessed Date: 01/25/2012 10:52
Creation Date: 01/25/2012 10:52
Intended Use: public
Default Version: 0 (Initial Version*
Refresh
Export
Close
Edit Properties
Edit Data
30. When you are finished examining the properties of the inventory dataset as shown on the
various tabs, click Close.
31. To view the inventory data itself (as opposed to just the metadata), check the select
checkbox for an inventory from the Inventories to Process table in the Inventories tab of
the Edit Control Strategy window and click the View Data button. This may take a
minute or two, but the Data Viewer window that shows the actual rows of data for the
selected inventory will appear (Figure 4-9). This is different from the metadata that was
shown in the Dataset Properties View window. Note that the View Data button is a
shortcut. The Data Viewer can also be brought up from the Data tab of the Dataset
Properties Viewer.
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Figure 4-9. Data Viewer for an Emissions Inventory
Data Viewer [Dataset:nonpt_pf4_cap_nopfc_2017ct_nc_sc_va, Version: Initial Version, Table: DS_nonpt_pf4_cap_nopfc_2017ct_nc_sc_va_1496384030] Gf 0
Sort Order
Row Filter
Decimal Places
fips,sec
Apply Current: 1 - 300 Filtered: 2305 of 6292
ANN_EMIS>5 and SCC like '2102%'
M < |1 I S> H>
4 | 0 Show Commas | Format
FIPS
String(6
see
String(10)
SIC
String
MACT
String(6)
SRCTYPE
String(2)
NAICS
String(6)
POLL
String(1
ANN_EMIS
Double
AVD_EMIS
Double
CEFF
Double
REFF
Double
RPEN
Double
PRIMARY_DEVICE_T
String(4)
37001
2102002000
0107-1
02
S02
15.2996
-
37001
2102004000
0107-3
02
CO
8.0996
.0222
12
100...
100.. .
37001
2102004000
0107-3
02
NOX
36.9929
37001
2102004000
0107-3
02
S02
74.0908
.2030
5.9700
100...
100...
37001
2102006000
0107-2
02
CO
57.8559
.1585
11
100...
100...
37001
2102006000
0107-2
02
NOX
71.2770
.1953
7.9700
100...
100.. .
37001
2102008000
0107-4
02
S02
67.5500
100...
100.. .
37003
2102004000
0107-3
02
NOX
10.1693
37003
2102004000
0107-3
02
S02
20.3675
.0558
5.9700
100...
100...
37003
2102006000
0107-2
02
CO
15.9046
.0436
11
100...
100. . .
37003
2102006000
0107-2
02
NOX
19.5940
.0537
7.9700
100...
100.. .
37003
2102008000
0107-4
02
S02
134.9500
100...
100...
37005
2102008000
0107-4
02
S02
134.9500
100...
100...
37007
2102004000
0107-3
02
S02
9.5854
.0263
5.9700
100...
100...
37007
2102006000
0107-2
02
CO
7.4850
.0205
11
100...
100...
37007
2102006000
0107-2
02
NOX
9.2214
.0253
7.9700
100...
100.. .
37007
2102008000
0107-4
02
S02
101.3300
100...
100...
37009
2102004000
0107-3
02
S02
6.7178
.0184
5.9700
100...
100...
37009
2102006000
0107-2
02
CO
5.2458
.0144
11
100...
100. . .
37009
2102006000
0107-2
02
NOX
6.4627
.0177
7.9700
100...
100...
37009
2102008000
0107-4
02
S02
101.3300
100...
100...
37013
2102004000
0107-3
02
NOX
7.9930
37013
2102004000
0107-3
02
S02
16.0088
.0439
5.9700
100...
100...
37013
2102006000
0107-2
02
CO
12.5009
.0342
11
100...
100...
37013
2102006000
0107-2
02
NOX
15.4008
.0422
7.9700
100...
100.. .
<
III
1
~
Add Note |
| Close |
32. Inventories can have a lot of data—up to millions of rows. The fields in the upper right
corner of the window in the area labeled "Current:" provide information about how
many rows the inventory has, and which rows are currently visible. The Data Viewer
transfers only a small amount of data (300 rows) from the server to your desktop client to
keep the transfer time reasonable. It works similarly to a web search engine that shows
the results in pages, and the pagination arrows near the upper right corner of the window
facilitate moving between pages of data. Try using some of the pagination arrows in
the upper right corner to see how they work: go to first record, go to previous page,
give a specific record, go to next page, and go to last record.
33. You can control how the data are sorted by entering a comma-separated list of columns in
the Sort Order field and then clicking Apply. For training purposes, if you are using a
UNC laptop, do not specify a sort order because this function is very slow on these
laptops. It should be much faster on a true EMF server. Note that a descending sort can
be specified by following the column name with "desc" (e.g., "ANN_EMIS desc, FIPS"
will sort by decreasing annual emissions and then by county).
34. If you enter a Row Filter, and then click Apply, the Data Viewer will find rows that
meet the criteria you specified. Examples of the syntax for row filters are given in Table
4-6. See Section 6.0 for additional row filter examples. For training purposes, if you are
using a UNC laptop, do not specify a row filter because this function is very slow,
otherwise you may try some of the filters.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Table 4-6. Examples of Row Filters (Data Viewer window) and
Inventory Filters (Inventories tab of the Edit Control Strategy window)
Filter Purpose
SQL Where Clause
Filter on a particular set of SCCs
see like '101%' or see like '102%'
Filter on a particular set of pollutants
poll in CPM10', 'PM2 5')
or
POLL = 'PM10' or POLL = 'PM2 5'
Filter sources only in NC (State FIPS =
37), SC (45), and VA (51); note that
FIPS column format is State + County
FIPS code (e.g., 37001)
substring(FIPS,l,2) in ('37', '45', '51')
Filter sources only in CA (06)and
include only NOx and VOC pollutants
substring(fips,l,2) = '06' and poll in ('NOX', 'VOC')
or
fips like '06%>' and (poll = 'NOX' or poll = 'VOC')
35. When you are finished examining the Data Viewer, click Close to close the window.
The next few paragraphs provide information on how the options at the lower portion
of the Inventories tab work, there are no training steps in them. The training exercises
start again with the next numbered bullet.
Some control strategy algorithms (e.g., Apply Measures in Series) are designed to process the
inventories iteratively and produce results for each inventory. However, the "Least Cost" and
"Least Cost Curve" strategy types can merge the input inventories from multiple sectors
together prior to processing them, thereby facilitating cross-sector analyses. The Merge
Inventories checkbox is shown in the lower right corner of the Inventories to Process
section, when multiple inventories will be merged together prior to applying the strategy
algorithm, such as for Least Cost or Least Cost Curve runs. Otherwise, each inventory will
be processed independently to create separate, independent results.
The fields in the Filters section of the Inventories tab of the Edit Control Strategy window let
you control whether the entire inventory is processed in the strategy or just a portion of it.
The Inventory Filter field allows you to specify a general filter that can be entered using the
same syntax as a Structured Query Language (SQL) "where clause". Any of the columns in
the inventory can be used in the expression. Examples include: "SCC like '212%' " to limit
the analysis to apply only to inventory records for which the SCC code starts with 212, and
"FIPS like '06%' or FIPS like '07%' " to limit the strategy analysis to apply only to
inventory records with Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) numeric state-
county codes starting with 06 or 07. Additional examples of filters are shown in Table 4-6.
Note that the Multi-Pollutant Max Emission Reduction strategy type the Inventory Filter
has been moved from the Inventories Tab to the Constraints Tab. For this Multi-Pollutant
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Max Emission Reduction strategy it's possible to specify the Inventory Filter different for
each target pollutant instead at the strategy level. Note that within the inventory filter, you
may use either upper or lower case to refer to the column names and for the SQL keywords;
the specified values within single quotes, however, are case sensitive (e.g., 'NOx' is different
from 'NOX'). Entering an inventory filter will not have an effect until the strategy is run.
Note that if you enter an inventory filter to include only specific pollutants, then
pollutants not specified by the filter will not be considered for the computation of co-
impacts. In addition, pollutants like EC and OC that are not traditionally included in input
inventories will not be included in the results unless the inventory has been preprocessed to
include EC and OC.
The County Dataset field allows another way to filter the inventory. With this field you can
specify an EMF dataset containing a list of counties within which to consider applying
control measures during the strategy run. If the user selects a county dataset filter when
creating a control strategy, control measures will be applied only to counties that are included
in this list. The County Dataset pull-down will show as options the names of the available
datasets in the EMF that have the dataset type 'List of Counties (CSV)'. Note that CSV files
from which these county datasets are created must have at least two columns of data. Also,
the first row of the file must be the column names, and one of the columns must have a name
that starts with "FIPS". CoST will assume that this column has the list of FIPS codes that
should be controlled. Make sure that leading zeros are present for FIPS codes less than
10000. Note that for the Multi-Pollutant Max Emission Reduction strategy type the County
Filter has been moved from the Inventories Tab to the Constraints Tab. For this Multi-
Pollutant Max Emission Reduction strategy it's possible to specify the County Filter
different for each target pollutant instead at the strategy level.
Note that only the records of the input inventories that pass both the inventory and county
filters will be consideredfor control measure application.
36. For training purposes, on the Inventories tab, specify the following Inventory Filter:
FIPS in ('45001', '45009', '45011'). Note that specifying a list of counties using the
Inventory Filter is an alternative to specifying a county dataset that has a list of counties
to consider controlling in the strategy (as show in the next bullet). If you just wanted to
control a few counties, you might use the Inventory Filter, but if you want to control
more than a few counties, the county dataset method is recommended. In addition, many
types of Inventory Filters can be specified using other fields of the inventory depending
on the needs of your analysis (e.g., 'SCC like '231%", or 'ANN_EMIS>5').
37. Examine the available county datasets by pulling down the menu and select one of
the datasets. After you have selected a county dataset, examine its properties and the
data themselves by clicking the View and View Data buttons.
38. If a county dataset is specified, a version of the dataset to use must be selected using the
County Dataset Version field, which shows the available versions of the selected
dataset. This selection is required because the EMF can store multiple versions of each
dataset. Examine the list of versions available for the dataset in the menu.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
39. If you selected a county dataset as part of understanding how this feature works only for
training purposes, as opposed to performing a strategy run in support of your work, set
the pull-down menu back to Not selected before proceeding.
4.3.4 Inputs on the Measures Tab
The Measures tab appears on the Edit Control Strategy window for all types of strategies . The
purpose of the measures tab is to allow you to select a subset of all available control measures for
use in your strategy run. There are two mutually exclusive ways to select control measures for
inclusion in the control strategy run. The default way is to include measures according to their
class (see the top half of Figure 4-10). Currently available classes are Known (i.e., already in
use), Emerging (i.e., realistic, but in an experimental phase), Hypothetical (i.e., the specified data
are hypothetical), Obsolete (i.e., no longer in use) , and Temporary (controls that are used during
the analysis only if the user was the creator of the control measure, therefore other users'
temporary measures won't be considered during an analysis). By default, only Known measures
will be included in the strategy run. The second way to specify measures for inclusion in a
strategy run is to select a list of specific measures to consider using for the run. The use of these
two methods is described in this section.
40. To select additional classes of measures other than the default 'Known', hold down the
Ctrl key while clicking the desired classes of measures. To start over with selecting
classes, just click on a single class of measure without holding down the Ctrl key. Note
that only the measures with the classes selected by the user will be included in the
strategy run.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-10. Measures Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window
ef 0|
Edit Control Strategy: Least Cost 2017 NOx for Training
Summary | Inventories [ Measures | Constraints | Outputs
Classes to Include:
Emerging
Hypothetical
Known
Obsolete
Temporary
Measures to Include
tfl
$000
# | Select | Abbrev | Order
RP | Wame | Region | Version |
RE
0 rows: 8 columns: 0 Selected [Filter Hone, Sort Order(+), Hame(->)|
Add
Edit
Remove
Save
Close
Run
Refresh
Stop
41. To select specific measures for inclusion in the strategy, click the Add button to show the
Select Control Measures dialog (Figure 4-11). On this dialog, specify a filter to find all
measures with the same control technology (e.g., Abbrev contains SNCR). You need to
check the Select checkboxes corresponding to any of the measures that you want to
include in your strategy run. If you want to select all or most of the measures that
matched the filter in your strategy, click the Select All button in the toolbar to select all
of the measures. If you do not want to include all of the measures, you can uncheck the
Select checkbox for the measures you do not want included. For training purposes,
Select All of the measures that matched your filter.
4-26
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-11. Dialog to Add Specific Control Measures to a Strategy
[2, Select Control Measures
HI
T
$0CU
M
ie
IT
~
rr
#
Select
Abbrev
Name
VAOCFPP
Add-on controls, work practices, and material reformulation/substitution; Flexible Pac
A.
_2_
VAOCLPLP
Add-on controls, work practices, and material reformulation/substitution: Lithograph!
=
VWDCTADDON
Add-On Controls;Wood Furniture Surface Coating
4
PDESPM1FLD
Adding Surface .Area of One ESP Field
5
PDESPM2FLD
Adding Surface .Area of Two ESP Fields
6
PDESPM2FAF
Adding Surface Area of Two ESP Fields, an Agglomerator. and ID Fans
r
NAFRIICGS
Adjust Air to Fuel Ratio and Ignition Retard; Internal Combustion Engines - Gas
8
NAFRICGS
Adjust Air to Fuel Ratio; Internal Combustion Engines - Gas
9
PRESWDEDAP
Advisory Program;Residential Wood Combustion Generic
10
PRESWDEDAD
Advisor*' ProgranrWood Burning Fireplaces. Stoves
11
PDESPMAGG
Agglomerator
.12.
SA.MSCSRP95
Amine Scrubbing - Additional Tail Gas Step; Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfi
_LL
SAMSCSRP96
Amine Scrubbing-Additional Tail Gas Step; Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfi
14
SAMSCSRP97
Amine Scrubbing-Additional Tail Gas Step; Sulfur Recovery-Plants - Elemental Sulfi
15
VATRFBARCT
BARCT;Automobile Refinishing
16
NBINTCEMK
Biosolid Injection Technology; Cement Kilns
JL
SCATPETCRK
Catalyst Additive to Petroleum Refinery Catalytic and Thermal Cracking Units
prHRRnin*
<[
III I 1 ~
621 rows : 3 columns: 0 Selected [Filter None, Sort: None]
Regions
Measure Properties
Set Order: |1.0
Set RP %:
Set RE %: f
Dataset:
Version:
Not selected
OK
Cancel
42. Prior to selecting OK on the Select Control Measures dialog, you may want to make
some optional settings for the group of measures in support of your analysis (see Measure
Properties and Regions at bottom of window). (For training purposes, you may make
whatever selections interest you, because these selections will be removed later in the
process and will not impact your results.)
• Specify an Order to control the order in which this group of measures is applied as
compared to other groups of measures you have selected. This order of application is
particularly relevant to the "Apply Measures in Series" strategy type. When running
this type of strategy, since multiple measures can be applied to the sources, they will
be applied in increasing numerical order (i.e., measures with order set to 1 will be
applied before those with order set to 2).
• Override the values of Rule Effectiveness or Rule Penetrati on that are specified in the
measure efficiency records using the Set RE % and Set RP % fields. This can be
helpful if you want to assess the level of emissions reductions achieved assuming
different levels of penetration for the measures. For example, setting the rule
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
penetration to 75% assumes that 75% of the sources are applying the measure and
would therefore result in 75% of the emissions reductions it would if it was 100%.
• Specify a Region of applicability for the group of measures by selecting a county
dataset from the Dataset pull-down menu and a version of that dataset from the
Version menu. If you select a Region, the selected measures will not be applied in
any counties that are not listed in the dataset.
43. Once you have selected some the specific measures using the Select Control Measures
dialog and specified any desired overrides for those measures, click OK and the selected
measures will appear on the Measures tab. The tab will now look similar to that shown in
Figure 4-12. Note that only the table of specific measures and their properties is shown,
and the Classes to Include list is no longer shown. If desired, you may repeat the process
of selecting specific measures to add new sets of measures to the list of measures to be
used for the strategy. Each new group of measures selected can have different settings for
the order. RE. RP, and Region.
Figure 4-12. Measures Tab Showing Specific Measures to Include
Edit Control Strategy: Least Cost 2017 NO* tor Training *
Ef B
Summary Inventories Measures | Constraints Outputs
Measures to Include
7
~
tr
Select
Abbrev
Order
RE
RP
Name
~
NLNSNCRIBCW
75
Low NOx Burner and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI
~
NLNSNCRIBDO
75
Low MOx Burner and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI
~
NLNSNCRICBG
75
Low NOx Burner and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction: ICI
NLNSNCRIBNG
75
Low NOx Burner and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI
NLNSNCRICBO
75
Low NOx Burner and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI
NLNSNCRIBRO
75
Low NOx Burner and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; ICI
NSNCRIBWF
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Ammonia; ICI Boilers -
~
NSNCRFRNG
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Ammonia; NG-Fired Ret'
~
NSNCRFROL
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Ammonia; Oil-Fired Refc
NSNCRCMDY
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea; Cement Manufaeti
NSNCRIBGA
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea; ICI Boilers - Baga:
NSNCRIBCF
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea; ICI Boilers - Coal/F
~
NSNCRIBMS
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea; ICI Boilers - MSW/
NSNCRIBWS
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea; ICI Boilers - Wood.
NSNCRBCCK
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea; In-Process; Bitum
NSNCRBCLK
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea; In-Process; Bitum
NSNCRCMOU
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction: By-Product Coke Mfg: Ovs
NSNCRCIIN
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; Comm./lnst. Incinerators
~
NSNCRECBAN
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; External Combustion Boi
~
NSNCRECBDO
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction: External Combustion Boi
21
NSNCRECBR
75
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction; External Combustion Boi
rr
~
58 rows : 8 columns: 0 Selected [Filter: Hone, Sort: QrderH, Mame(-»-}]
Add Edit Remove
Close
Refresh
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
44. After you have selected specific measures, if you wish to change their order, RE, RP, or
Region properties, select the measures you wish to adjust and click the Edit button on
the Measures tab. An Editing measures dialog will appear and you can make changes to
their properties when they are used in the strategy.
45. To remove specific measures from the list of measures to be included in the strategy run,
check the corresponding Select checkboxes and then click Remove. When you are
prompted to confirm the removal, click Yes.
46. For training purposes, remove all of the individually selected measures by clicking the
Select All button on the toolbar and then clicking Remove followed by clicking Yes
when prompted. Make sure that Known is selected in the Classes to Include list. Now
the Measures tab should look like Figure 4-10 again.
4.3.5 Input on Constraints Tab
The Constraints tab (Figure 4-13) can be used to specify constraints for a control strategy to limit
how control measures are assigned during the strategy run. For example, the strategy could be set
up to not use any measures that cost more than $5,000 per ton (in 2006 dollars) for the target
pollutant. Alternatively, the user could specify that measures not be assigned to sources if the
measures do not reduce at least 1 ton of the target pollutant for the source. CoST evaluates the
constraints while the source is being matched with the control measures. For example, the
emission reduction achieved by applying a measure to a source is not known until the measure
and its control efficiency have been selected. Thus, constraint calculations are dependent on both
the inventory source and the measure being considered for application to the source. Note that
the term "source" here refers to a single row of the emissions inventory, which for point sources
is uniquely determined by FIPS, plant, point, stack, segment, and SCC, and for nonpoint sources
is uniquely determined by FIPS and SCC. Sources should not be confused with "plants", each of
which can contain many sources.
Some settings for the strategy described in Table 4-7 are known as "constraints". If the constraint
values are not satisfied for a particular control measure and source combination, the measure
under consideration will not be applied to the source, and CoST will look for another measure
that satisfies all of the constraints.
Table 4-7. Constraints Common to Multiple Control Strategy Types
Constraint Name
Constraint Description
Minimum
Emissions
Reduction (tons)
If specified, requires each control measure to reduce the target pollutant
by at least the specified minimum tonnage for a particular source (down
to the plant+point+stack+segment level of specification); if the
minimum tonnage reduction is not attainable, the measure will not be
applied.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Constraint Name
Constraint Description
Minimum Control
Efficiency (%)
If specified, requires each control measure used in the strategy to have a
control efficiency greater than or equal to the specified control
efficiency for a particular source and target pollutant.
Maximum 2006
Cost per Ton
($/ton)
If specified, each control measure must have an annualized cost per ton
less than or equal to the specified maximum annualized cost per ton for
the target pollutant for each source. This cost is based on 2006 dollars.
Maximum 2006
Annualized Cost
($/yr)
If specified, each control measure must have an annualized cost less
than or equal to the specified annualized cost for each source and target
pollutant. This cost is based on 2006 dollars.
Minimum Percent
Reduction
Difference for
Replacement
Control (%)
If specified, each control measure must have a percent reduction in
emissions with the new measure that is greater than or equal to the
specified difference in order for the old control measure to be "replaced
by" the new control measure. Incremental controls that add an
additional device onto a previously controlled source are not yet
supported by CoST except for the Apply Measures in Series strategy
type, for which all controls are assumed to be independently applicable.
In the event that a combination of two control devices is listed as a
control measure (e.g., LNB+FGR) and the combined control efficiency
provides an ample increase in the control efficiency over the original
efficiency, that combination of the devices can still serve as a
replacement control if the source already has a measure applied (e.g.,
LNB). In the future, instead of requiring an increase in the percent
reduction, it may be more useful to specify a minimum additional
percent reduction in remaining emissions (e.g., such as one might see
when going from a 99% control measure to a 99.5% control measure).
The constraints in Table 4-7 are available on the Constraints tab for all types of strategies.
The lower portion of the Constraints tab is used to specify constraints that are specific to
particular strategies. These constraints vary based on the type of algorithm selected. Figure
4-13 shows the constraints specific to the Least Cost strategy algorithm. For the Least Cost
algorithm, you can specify either the Domain Wide Emissions Reduction [for the target
pollutant] in tons, or you can specify the Domain Wide Percent Reduction [in emissions of
the target pollutant]. When the strategy is run, CoST will attempt to satisfy the reduction you
specified using controls selected with the minimum cost. Note that after the strategy run is
complete, CoST will fill in the value for the least cost constraint that was not originally
specified.
47. For training purposes, enter a percent reduction of 50 for the Domain Wide Percent
Reduction (%).
48. Click Save to save all of the changes you made to the strategy. Note that if you were to
click Close without saving the changes, you will be prompted as to whether you wish to
close the window without saving the changes.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-13. Constraints Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window
Edit Control Strategy: Least Cost 2017 NOx for Training * u ~* 0
[ Summary [ Inventories | Measures~| Constraints [ Outputs |
All Strategy Types
Constraints for Target Pollutant:
Minimum Emissions Reduction (tons) | j
Minimum Control Efficiency {%) | j
Maximum 2006 Cost per Ton ($/ton) | j
Maximum 2006 Annualized Cost ($/yr) | j
Minimum Percent Reduction Difference for Replacement Control (%) |l0.0 j
Least Cost
Specify EITHER an emission reduction (tons) or percent reduction (%) for the Target Pollutant:
Domain Wide Emission Reduction (tons) | |
Domain Wide Percent Reduction (%) |so| j
Save
Close
Run
Refresh
Stop
The other strategy type with special constraints is the Least Cost Curve. This algorithm
allows you to specify three special constraints: Domain-wide Percent Reduction Increment
(%), Domain-wide Percent Reduction Start (%), and Domain-wide Percent Reduction
End (%). The Least Cost Curve strategy will iteratively run Least Cost strategies. First it
will run the least cost strategy with the percent reduction specified as the value of Domain-
wide Percent Reduction Start (%), it will then add the Domain-wide Percent Reduction
Increment (%) to the starting percent value and will run the least cost strategy at that value
(i.e., starting value + increment). It will continue running strategies for each increment until
it reaches the value of Domain-wide Percent Reduction End. Note that it may not be
possible to achieve some of the selected percent reductions, in which case CoST will
generate the same result for that increment as the Maximum Emissions Reduction would
generate.
The Multi-Pollutant Max Emis Reduction strategy type uses a different Constraints Tab than
the other strategy types. Since this strategy type is running goals on numerous target
pollutants (e.g. PM2.5, NOx, SC>2)it made sense to allow for the constraints discussed above
(see Table 4-7) and inventory filtering capability (see section 4.3.3) to be definable
differently for each target pollutant. The Tab interface is shown in Figure 4-14.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-14. Constraints Tab (for Multi-Pollutant Maximum Emission Reduction strategy
type) of Edit Control Strategy Window
Edit Control Strategy: Multi-Pollutant Max Emissions Reduction Example a $
Summary | Inventories | Measures | Constraints | Outputs |
Multi-Pollutant Max Emis Reduction
#
Select Order Pollutant
Min Emis Red
MinCEFF Max CPT
Max Ann Cost Inv Filter County Dataset
County Dataset Version Replacement Control Min Efficiency Diff
1
~
1|PM2 5
10
2
~
2VOC
10
2 rows: 11 columns: 0 Selected [Filter None. Sort: Order(+)]
Save Close
Run Refresh Stop
After the target pollutants are selected from the Summary Tab, if you wish to set the constraints
and filters, select the pollutants you wish to adjust and click the Edit button on the Constraints
tab. An Editing target pollutant dialog will appear and you can make changes to the constraints
and filters when they are used in the strategy. See Figure 4-15 for an example Edit Target
Pollutant dialog. Note if you want to review this functionality, you will need to create a copy of
the "Multi-Pollutant Max Emissions Reduction Example" strategy and edit this version of the
strategy. Since you are not the owner of the "Multi-Pollutant Max Emissions Reduction
Example" strategy you can only view and not edit this strategy.
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Figure 4-15. Edit Target Pollutant Dialog of Edit Control Strategy Window
Edit Control Strategy Target Pollutant
Order: 1
Pollutant: PM2_5
Minimum Emissions Reduction (tons)
Minimum Control Efficiency (%)
Maximum 2006 Cost perTon ($/ton)
Maximum 2006 Annualized Cost <$/yr)
Minimum Percent Reduction Difference for Replacement Control (%)
50
1000
10.0
Inventory Fitter
(e.g., ANN_EMIS>5000 and SCC like '30300V)
County Dataset:
County Dataset Version:
rips like '37%'
VOC control areas test
0 (Initial Version)
OK
Cancel
4.4 Running a Strategy and Accessing Its Outputs
4.4.1 Running a Strategy
49. Once you have finished specifying all of the inputs to the strategy, as described in Section
4.3, click the Run button to start running the strategy. If you have not saved the strategy
before clicking Run, your changes will automatically be saved to the database. Note if
the Edit Control Strategy Window for the "Least Cost 2017 NOx for training " is closed,
then reopen this strategy by clicking the Edit button for this strategy and then click Run
button to start the strategy. On the training laptops, the run will take several minutes
to complete.
50. While the strategy is running, please review the rest of this subsection, including
Figures 4-16 and 4-17), to see what will happen during the run and the types of
outputs that will be created by the strategy.
51. Once the run has started, monitor the Status window near the bottom of the EMF
graphical user interface (GUI). If all inputs have been properly specified, you should see
a status message like "Started running control strategy: your strategy name". You can
click the Refresh button on the Status window to see immediate status updates, or the
Status window will update every 1-2 minutes automatically.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
52. If the strategy runs successfully, you will see multiple messages in your status window.
You will get one message as the processing for each inventory completes, such as
"Completed processing control strategy input dataset: datasetname". When the
entire run has finished, you will see a message like "Completed running control
strategy: your strategy name" in the Status window. Otherwise, you will see a message
stating that the strategy failed and some information as to why it failed.
53. Once the strategy run has completed, click on the Outputs tab in the Edit Control
Strategy window and then click Refresh at the bottom of the window to see the newly
created outputs listed in the Output Datasets table (Figures 4-16 and 4-17).
CoST automatically generates three main outputs as EMF datasets after each successful
strategy run: Strategy Detailed Result, Strategy Measure Summary, and Strategy
County Summary. Some types of strategies also generate a Strategy Messages output.
Least cost and least cost curve strategies generate a Least Cost Control Measure
Worksheet that lists all of the available control measure options for each source in the
inventories.
For all types of strategies, it is possible to generate Controlled Inventory on-demand for any
of the Strategy Detailed Result datasets. The types of outputs are discussed in more detail in
Section 4.5. Note that the output datasets are given unique names that include a timestamp
indicating when the strategy was run, including the year, month, day, hour, and minute of the
run. You can rename the output datasets as described in the following section if you wish
them to have more meaningful names.
For additional details on the algorithms that are applied to assign measures to sources as part
of a strategy run (other than the descriptions in Section 4.1), please see the "Control Strategy
Tool (CoST) Development Document".
4-34
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-16. Outputs Tab of Edit Control Strategy Window for Least Cost Strategy
E
Edit Control Strategy: Least Cost 2017 NOx for Training *
s
Summary Inventories Measures Constraints j Outputs
Output Datasets
0 ?
M
Result Type
Strategy County Summary
Strategy Measure Summary
Strategy Messages
Strategy Detailed Result
Least Cost Control Measure Worksheet
Record Count
3,669|Strat_County_Sum_235239731
13 Strat_M e as_Su m_235237989
66lLeast_Cost_2017_NOx_for_Training_MergedQRL_2352312:
181 Strate gy_146_VQ_235232306
381M e a s u re_Wo rks h e et_Le ast_C o st_2 017_N Ox_fo r_Trai n i n g_
-
5 rows : 12 columns: 0 Selected [Filter None, Sort: Start Tirne(-)]
O Input Inventory
-------
CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-17. Sample Outputs Tab for a Least Cost Curve Strategy
Edit Control Strategy. Least cost curve
0" S
Summary Inventories Measures : Constraints Outputs
Output Datasets
&
$»D0
~
IT
n
Select
Result Type
Record Count
Result
6
n
Detailed Strategy Result
13
pet 95 0 least cost test 20080505122738698
7
r
Detailed Strategy Result
3
p ct_2 5_0_l e a st_c o st_te st_2 0 0 8 0 5 0 5122757152
8
r
Detailed Strategy Result
9
pet 50 0 least cost test 20080505122757573
=
9
r
Detailed Strategy Result
13
pet 75 0 least cost test 20080505122757902
10
r
Detailed Strategy Result
13
pet 1 00 0 least cost test 20080505122758277
11
r
Least Cost Control Measure Worksheet
66
Measure Worksheet least cost test 200805051227
12
c
Least Cost Curve Summary
10
Cost Curve Summary least cost test 2008050512
*
Tf
III I
I ~
12 rows: 12 columns [Filter: None, Son: Start Time(-)]
O Input Inventory ® Result O Controlled Inventory
View
Edit
Export
Analyze
Create
Export Folder: D:f
Browse
Save
Copy
Close
Run
Refresh
Stop
4.4.2 Viewing and Editing Properties of the Strategy Outputs
It is possible to perform a number of operations on the strategy outputs. These operations are
described in this and the following subsections.
54. The most basic operation is to view the data of the output dataset using the Data Viewer.
To do this, select one of the outputs, such as the Strategy Detailed Result, and then click
View Data. (Note that the Strategy Detailed Result is the main output on which the
Strategy County Summary and Strategy Measure Summary are based.) This will bring up
the Data Viewer showing the contents of the Strategy Detailed Result (Figure 4-18).
55. The Strategy Detailed Result shows the abbreviation of the measure matched to each of
the sources for all of the controlled sources, along with columns that identify each
controlled source, information about the cost of applying the measures to the sources and
the emi ssions reductions that resulted. The information computed includes the cost of
application and the emissions reduced as a result. Enter a sort order (e.g., annual cost
desc) to have the rows sorted in a particular way.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-18. View Data for Strategy Detailed Result
Data Viewer [Dataset:Strategy_146_V0_235232306, Version: Initial Version, Table: CSDR_146_V0_Least_Cost_2017_NOx_for_Training_20120323235232306] u 0
Sort Order
Row Filter
Decimal Places
annual_cost desc
Apply 1 Current 1 -18 Filtered: 18 of 18
M i |1 | > »
4
~) Show Commas
| Format |
V 1
DISABLE
Boolean
CM_ABBREV
String(20)
POLL
String(2
see
String(IO)
FIPS
String(6)
PLANTID
String(15)
POINTID
String(15)
STACKID
String(15)
SEGMENT
String(15)
ANNUAL_COST
Double
ANN_COST_PER_TON
Double
ANNUAL_OPER_MAINT_COST
Double
ANNUA
~
SLSFRESHET
PM10
2104004000
45011
~
NEPOBURN96
NOX
2610030000
45011
~
SLSFRESHET
PM2 5
2104004000
45011
~
NEP0BURN96
NOX
2610000500
45011
~
SLSFRESHET
NOX
2104004000
45011
~
NR25COL96
NOX
2102002000
45011
7,189.5771
2,143.8284
7,189.5771
~
NWLRSNGC99
NOX
2104006000
45011
6,316.8618
1,953.2659
6,316.8618
~
NLNCMNGC03
NOX
2103006000
45011
2,928.0181
944.8725
2,928.0181
~
SLSFRESHET
S02
2104004000
45011
2,793.2680
2,641.3882
2,793.2680
~
NLNRSNGCG3
NOX
2104007000
45011
2,432.9362
944.8725
2,432.9362
~
NSCRSHDO
NOX
10500105
45011
0300-0023
IAB
0
l
199.5020
4,414.6987
11.1862
~
NLNCMNGC03
NOX
2103007000
45011
73.9127
944.8725
73.9127
~
NLNBUSHNG
NOX
10500110
45011
0300-0023
IAG
0
l
46.7032
1,302.1772
10.1310
~
NLNBUSHNG
NOX
10500110
45011
0300-0023
IAH
0
l
13.3441
1,302.1772
2.8946
~
NSCRSHDO
NOX
10500105
45011
0300-0023
IAC
0
l
9.1437
4,414.6987
.5127
~
NSCRSHDO
NOX
10500105
45011
0300-0023
IAF
0
l
8.3138
4,414.6987
.4662
~
NSCRSHDO
NOX
10500105
45011
0300-0023
IAD
0
l
3.3269
4,414.6987
.1865
~
NSCRSHDO
NOX
10500105
45011
0300-0023
IAE
0
l
2.2179
4,414.6987
.1244
4 I .IN. I ~
Add Note
| Close |
56. If you clear the entries in the Sort Order and Row Filter fields on the Data Viewer and
click Apply, all of the data records will be presented in the order in which they appear in
the database. More information about the columns included in the detailed result is given
in Table 4-9, which is discussed later in Section 4.5.1.
57. Close the Data Viewer when you are finished reviewing the Strategy Detailed Result.
58. From the Outputs tab, you can also access the properties (metadata) of an output dataset
(as opposed to the actual data contained in the output), and you can edit these properties.
To edit the output dataset properties, select an output (for training purposes, select the
Strategy Detailed Result) on the Outputs tab of the Edit Control Strategy window and
click the Edit button. This will bring up the Dataset Properties Editor for the output
dataset (Figure 4-19).
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-19. Summary Tab of Dataset Properties Editor
Dataset Properties Editor: Strategy_146_V0_235232306 (ID = 147)
b* 0"
j;' Summary || Data Keywords Notes Revisions History Sources QA
Name:
Description:
Project:
Strategy_146_V0_235232306
#Control strategy detailed result
^Implements control strategy: Least Cost 2017 NOxforTraining
tflnput dataset used: Least_Cost_2017_NOx_for_Training_MergedORL_235231236
#
Creator: EP.1F Administrator (admin)
Dataset Type: Control Strategy Detailed Result
Time Period Start:
Time Period End:
Temporal Resolution:
Sector:
Choose a resolution
~
All Sectors
-w
NC, SC, VA
~
Choose a country
-W
Status: Created by control strategy
Last Modified Date: 03/23/2012 23:52
Last Accessed Date: 03/23/2012 23:52
Creation Date: 03/23/2012 23:52
Intended Use:
Default Version:
public
0 (Initial Version)
Refresh
Save
Export
Close
59. Notice that the tabs on the Dataset Properties Editor are the same as those on the Dataset
Properties Viewer shown in Figure 4-8, but with the editor you can actually change many
of the fields, whereas they could not be changed directly from the Dataset Properties
Viewer. For example, you can change the name of the output by replacing the
automatically generated name with a more meaningful one (e.g., Least Cost 2017 NOx
for Training Result) and then clicking Save. Notice that when you change the name, an
asterisk is added to the title bar of the window to indicate that something has been
changed but not yet saved. Throughout CoST and the EMF, if you change something
on a window and then try to close the window without saving the changes, you will
be prompted to confirm that you want to close without saving..
60. Examine the other tabs of the Dataset Properties Editor for the Strategy Detailed Result
output, in particular the Keywords tab, an example of which is shown in Figure 4-20. For
the Strategy Detailed Result, there are a number of keywords set in the Keywords
Specific to Dataset section (in the lower part of window). These keywords correspond
4-38
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
to the major parameters of the control strategy, such as the COST_YEAR and the
STRATEGY TYPE (these specific keywords are available in the list of keywords but are
above the portion of the window shown in Figure 4-20). There are also keywords for the
UNCONTROLLEDEMISSIONS, the TOTAL EMISSION REDUCTION, and the
ACTUAL PERCENT REDUCTION.
Figure 4-20. Keywords Tab of Dataset Properties Editor
Dataset Properties Editor. Strategy_146_V0_235232306 (ID = 147)
Ef Si
| Summary Data Keywords Notes Revisions History Sources QA
Keywords Specific to Dataset Type
Keyword
Value
EXPORT INLINE COMMENTS
false
EXPORT HEADER COMMENTS
false
EXPORT SUFFIX
Keywords Specific to Dataset
Select
Keyword
Value
TARGET YEAR
2017
STRATEGY INVENTORY NAME
Le ast_Co st_2017_N Ox_fo r_Trai n i n g_M erg e dORL..
STRATEGY INVENTORY VERSION
TOTAL ANNUAL COST
19,224
AVERAGE ANNUAL COST PER TON
644
TOTAL ANNUAL OPERATION MAINTENANCE C..
18,967
TOTAL ANNUALIZED CAPITAL COST
257
TOTAL CAPITAL COST
2,555
TARGET PERCENT REDUCTION
50%
ACTUAL PERCENT REDUCTION
25%
TOTAL EMISSION REDUCTION
30
UNCONTROLLED EMISSION
118
Add Remove
Refresh
Save
Export
Close
The keywords in the Keywords Specific to Dataset Type section (the upper part of
window in Figure 4-20) typically contain directives on how to export the data or other
data values that are the same for all datasets of the same type. Typically ORL inventories
will have some of these keywords.
61. Note that when you have the Dataset Properties Editor open for a dataset, no other
users can edit that dataset. Similarly, if you have a control strategy or control measure
4-39
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
open for editing, no other users can edit those items; users are able to view them,
however, if a view option is available.
When you are finished examining the other tabs, close the Dataset Properties Editor by
clicking Save if you wish to save the changes, or Close to close without saving changes.
If you are in the training class, click Close.
4.4.3 Summarizing the Strategy Outputs
Strategy outputs, particularly Strategy Detailed Results, but also the input emissions inventories,
can be summarized in many different ways. The ability to prepare summaries is helpful because
in many cases there could be thousands of records in a single Strategy Detailed Result or
emissions inventory. Thus, when the results of a strategy are analyzed or presented to others, it is
useful to show the impact of the strategy in a summarized fashion. Frequently, it is helpful to
summarize a strategy for each county, state, SCC, and/or control technology. The summaries are
prepared using the EMF subsystem that was originally designed to support quality assurance
(QA) of emissions inventories and related datasets, for which summaries are also needed. Thus,
each summary is stored as the result of a "QA Step" that is created by having CoST run a SQL
query. There are many predefined queries stored in the EMF as 'templates', so you do not need
to know SQL to create a summary. Summaries can be added from the QA tab of the Dataset
Properties Editor, although there is a shortcut available on the Outputs tab. Summaries are
discussed in more detail in Section 4.6.
62. Select the Strategy Detailed Result on the Outputs tab of the Edit Control Strategy
window and then click Summarize to create a summary of the result. This will cause the
Dataset Properties Editor for the detailed result to appear, but with the QA tab brought to
the front.
63. To add a new summary from the list of predefined summary templates, click the Add
from Template button and the Add QA Steps dialog will appear (Figure 4-21). To create
summaries of interest, click the mouse button on the summaries you wish to create
(e.g., select Summarize by Control Technology and Pollutant, Summarize by County
and Pollutant, Summarize by Pollutant). To select multiple summaries (as is illustrated
in the figure), hold down the Ctrl key while clicking your mouse on the ones you wish to
select, then click OK. The selected templates will be added to the table on the QA tab
(Figure 4-22).
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-21. Summarizing a Strategy Detailed Result
Dataset Properties Editor: New Detailed Result
a D3
Summary Data Keywords Notes Revisions History Sources QA
0
f
Selei
1 rows: 13 c<
tff. Add OA Steps: New Detailed Result
Version Initial Version (0)
Required
Optional
Summarize all Control Measures
Summarize by Control Measure and Pollutant
Summarize by Control Program, U.S. State and Pollutant
Summarize by Control Technology and Pollirtant
Summarize by Control Technology, FIPS, and SCC
Summarize by County and Pollutant
Summarize
Summarize
Summarize
by Plant and Pollutant
by Pollutant
by SCC and Pollutant
OK
Cancel
Add from Template Add Custom Edit Copy Set Status Run
2009/0E
Refresh
Save
Export
Close
Figure 4-22. Available QA Summaries for a Strategy Detailed Result
Dataset Properties Editor: New Detailed Result c" 0* 13
Summary Data
Keywords Notes
Revisions History
Sources
OA
J T ®
»»» M § u
#
Select
Name
Version
Required
Order
OA Status
Run Status
When
1
0
Summarize by Control Technology and Pollutant
0
r
1.0
Not Started
N/A
2
0
Summarize by County and Pollutant
0
r
1.0
Not Started
N/A
3
~
Summarize by Pollutant
0
r
1.0
In Progress
Success
2009/06/08 2'
< I III I I ~
3 rows: 13 columns: 2 Selected [Filter: None, Sort: Version(-), Onlei(+), Name(+)]
Add from Template
Add Custom Edit
Copy Set Status
Run
Refresh Save
Export Close
4-41
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
64. To run the summaries that are listed on the QA tab, first select the summaries of interest
and then click Edit. The Edit QA Step window will appear (Figure 4-23). You do not
actually need to edit anything in this window, just click Run to start the QA summary
processing.
Monitor the progress of the QA step in the Status window at the bottom of the EMF
main window. Once the run is complete, click the Refresh button to populate the Output
Name, Run Status, and Run Date fields in the Edit QA Step window. Note: as an
alternative to clicking Run on several different windows, you can instead select a few
summaries and click Run on the OA tab. However, at this time, you still need to open the
QA summaries using the Edit button when you want to view their results.
Figure 4-23. Edit QA Step Window to Create a Summary
| Edit QA Step: Summarize by County and Pollutant - New Detailed Result (vO) rr" [zT [xj
Name: Summarize by County and Pollutant
Version: Initial Version (0)
Program: SQL
Arguments:
Order:
Description:
select sector, FIPS, POLL, TO_CHAR(case when
coalesce(sum(Emis_Reduction),0) <> 0 then sum(Annual_Cost) /
sum(Ermis_Reduction) else null end, 'FMgggggggggggggggggo.oo^doubie
Set
1.0
Required? ~
Arguments same as template? O
QA Status:
QA User:
QA Date:
Configuration:
Comments:
Export Folder:
In Progress
auv
2009/06/08 22:49
Save
Close
OutputName: : 4 S u rn rn a rize_by_C o u nty_a n d_P o 11 uta nt
Run Status: Success
Run Date: 06.108,2009 22:49
Current Output? 0
Browse
Run
View Results
Export
Refresh
65. To see the summarized output, click the View Results button to bring up the View QA
Step Results window (Figure 4-24). From this window, you can sort and filter the results
in the same way you can on the Control Measure Manager and Control Strategy
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Manager. For example, click on the avgcostperton column header to sort on the
cost per ton. You can also show the Top N or Bottom N rows using the second and third
toolbar buttons from the left. The colorful toolbar buttons on the right support computing
statistics, creating plots (if you have the R software package installed on your client
machine), and saving the table and plot configurations.
Figure 4-24. View QA Step Results Window
View QA Step Results: Summarize l)y Comity and Pollutant 2 n of [Si
File
Qfl_DSID17693_V0_20090608224924Summarize_
File Name
C:XDocuments and Settings\eyth\Local Settings\Temp'iEMF\QA_DSID17693_V0_20090608224924Summarize_by_County_and_P
Fleader
#DATASET_NAME=New Detailed Result #DATASET_VERSION_NUM= 0 #CREATION_DATE=2009/06/08 22:J Full Description
i\
Z1 ii ^
£l itfli 0
M
sector
rips
poll
avg_cost_])er_ton
annual cost
final emissions
emis reduction
inv emissions
nonpt
40113
NOX
6.03
17260.00
756.60
2864.00
3621.00
A.
~
2
nonpt
20015
NOX
15.35
29460.00
549.00
1919.00
2468.00
3
nonpt
20035
NOX
13.55
25720.00
534.90
1898.00
2433.00
4
nonpt
20115
NOX
6.23
8826.00
375.00
1417.00
1 792.00
_§J
6
nonpt
20011
NOX
11.33
13210.00
321.30
1161.00
1 482.00
nonpt
20205
NOX
5.85
611 5.00
275.60
1045.00
1321.00
7
nonpt
20041
NOX
15.97
15200.00
273.60
951.80
1225.00
8
nonpt
40063
NOX
6.25
5932.00
251.10
948.60
1 200.00
9
nonpt
40035
NOX
8.07
5973.00
198.90
739.70
938.60
10
nonpt
20027
NOX
8.91
6565.00
199.70
737.20
937.00
JU
12
nonpt
20201
NOX
6.47
4625.00
189.70
715.40
905.1 0
nonpt
40105
NOX
6.50
4644.00
189.60
714.90
904.50
13
nonpt
20191
NOX
22.93
15090.00
199.90
658.00
857.90
14
nonpt
20001
NOX
18.17
10880.00
175.20
598.80
774.00
15
nonpt
27053
NOX
1 974,00
1175000.00
2906.00
595.20
3501.00
16
nonpt
40147
NOX
54.01
30650.00
213.80
567.40
781.20
968 rows: 8 columns [Filter: None, Sort: emis_reduction(-)l
66. If the summary you generated has the columns longitude and latitude (e.g., a plant, state,
or county summary), you can access an interface to create Google Earth-compatible
Keyhole Markup Language Zipped (.kmz) files by choosing Google Earth from the File
menu of the View QA Step Results window. The interface to create these files is shown
in Figure 4-25. Note that the following detailed result summaries have longitude and
latitude:
• Summarize by U.S. County and Pollutant
• Summarize by U.S. State and Pollutant
• Summarize by Plant and Pollutant
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
Figure 4-25. KMZ File Generator
ii>| Create Google Earth file: QA_DSID223_V0_1339474561557_lSummarize_b/ Summarize by County arid Pollut...
0 !-£3-
Data File mp\QA_DSID223_V0_1339474561557_1Summarize_by_County_and_Pollutant.csv
Properties File
Load
Properties
Titte
Subtitle
Title Position
Legend Position
Label Column
Filter Column
Filter Value
Data Column
Top-left
Bottom-right
county
poll
NOX
emis reduction
0
Discard Blank Data 0
PJlaximum Data Cutoff
Zero Cutoff
Minimum Data Cutoff
Difference Plot ~
Number of Bins
Color Palette
6 -r
6 Color Spectrum
Binning Algorithm
Decimal Places
Icon Scale
Output File
Equal Count
Load
Save
Generate
Open
67. In the Create Google Earth file window, select a Label Column that will be used to label
the points in the .kmz file. This label will appear when you mouse over a point. For a
plant summary this would typically be plant_name, for a county summary this would be
county, for a state summary, this would be state name.
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CoST Training Manual and User's Guide
68. If your file has data for multiple pollutants, you will often want to specify a filter so that
data for only one pollutant is included in the KMZ file. To do this, specify a Filter
Column (e.g., pollutant), and then specify a Filter Value (e.g., NOX).
69. Select a Data Column to specify the column to use to obtain the value when you mouse
over a point (e.g., totalemissionsreduction, total annual cost, or avg_cost_per_ton).
The mouse over information will have the form:
value from Label column : value from Data Column.
70. If you wish to limit the points shown in the file to include only those that reach a certain
size threshold (e.g., you do not want to show small sources or sources with a small
amount of reduction), you can specify a Minimum Data Cutoff. Points will only be
created for rows in the summary for which the value in the data column exceeds the value
given in minimum data cutoff. For example, if you selected total emissions reduction as
the Data Column, you might enter 1 as the minimum data cutoff to show only plants
with at least 1 ton of reduction.
71. If you wish to control the size of the points, you may adjust the value of the Icon Scale
setting to a number between 0 and 1. If this is your first time using the processor, we
recommend leaving it at the default setting of 0.3. Giving a value smaller than 0.3 will
result in smaller circles than the default and larger than 0.3 will result in larger circles.
72. If you are unsure of what some of the settings mean, place your mouse in the appropriate
field and a tooltip will appear that gives you some information about the field. Once you
have specified the settings (aside from the Properties file) click Generate and it will
create the .kmz file using default file name. The name and location of the created file can
be found on the Output File field.
If your computer has Google Earth installed (note that it is not installed on the training
laptops), you may open the created file in Google Earth by clicking Open.
If you find that you need to repeatedly create similar .kmz files, you may choose to click
Save to save the settings of the properties to a file. Once you have a file saved, you can
click Load the next time you enter the Create Google Earth file window so that you do
not have to type in all the properties again.
73. When you are done with the Create Google Earth file window, close the window by
clicking the X at the top right corner.
74. Back on the Edit QA Step window (Figure 4-23), you can export CSV files of the QA
step result to the EMF server. First, select a folder to export your results to by typing one
into the Export Folder field, or by clicking the Browse button. If desired, you can put
the files into your EMF temp directory.
75. Next, click the Export button, the Export QA Step Result will be exported to the EMF
server computer. It will be placed into the Export Folder specified on the Edit QA Step
window after you click the Export button.
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4.4.4 Exporting the Strategy Outputs
We now return to the Outputs tab of the Edit Control Strategy window (Figure 4-16).
76. To export the strategy output datasets to the EMF server, enter a folder/directory name
into the Export folder field on the Outputs tab, and click Export. The files will be
written as ASCII files to that folder. The resulting files can then easily be imported as a
CSV file into spreadsheet or database software. Note the dataset must be exported in a
location where the EMF application user has read/write access to the folder (e.g., the
same directory as specified in the environment variable, EMFDATADIRECTORY, in the
EMF installation batch file) or there will be a write file error.
4.4.5 Analyzing the Strategy Outputs
From the Outputs tab, it is possible to analyze the strategy results in a sortable, filterable table,
similar to the table used by the View QA Step Results window (Figure 4-24).
77. Select an output from the strategy and click Analyze to show the Analyze Control
Strategy window for that output. An example of analyzing a Strategy County Summary is
shown in Figure 4-26. From this window, you can apply a sort or filter. You can also
generate statistics and plots. An example of a Least Cost Curve Summary is shown in
Figure 4-27. This window has the same features as the window used to show the QA
summary results in Figure 4-24; only the data shown are different.
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Figure 4-26. Analyze Control Strategy Window
Analyze Control Strategy; Copy of Least Cost Emissions for NY1
izf m
File
Strat_County_Sum_20090608182536828
File Name C:\Documents and S etti n g s\eyth\Lo c a I SettingsVTemp\EMF\Strat_County_Sum_20090608182536828. csv
Header #DATASET_NAME=Strat_Countv_Surn_20090608182536828 #DATASET_VER S10 N_N U M= dataset.gi Full Description
r
¦w
T
$0C(I
A
lettL
sector
fips
poll
uncontrolied emis
emis reduction
remaining_emis
pct_red
annual cost
t
nonpt
05001
CO
6252.00
6252.00
A.
2
nonpt
05001
NH3
3558.00
3558.00
=
nonpt
05001
NOX
569.90
489.30
80.60
85.86
9103.00
4
nonpt
05001
PM10
2689.00
2689.00
5
nonpt
05001
PM2 5
1244.00
1244.00
6
nonpt
05001
S02
439.20
439.20
7
nonpt
05001
VOC
1008.00
1008.00
8
nonpt
05003
CO
1033.00
1033.00
9
nonpt
05003
NH3
749.60
749.60
10
nonpt
05003
NOX
309.00
284.30
24.65
92.02
7505.00
11
nonpt
05003
PM10
902.50
902.50
12
nonpt
05003
PM2 5
286.50
286.50
13
rionpt
05003
S02
390.10
390.10
14
nonpt
05003
VOC
474.60
474.60
15
nonpt
05005
CO
1297.00
1297.00
16
nonpt
05005
NH3
683.50
683.50
17
nonpt
05005
NOX
322.80
273.10
49.74
84.59
18560.00
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Figure 4-27. Analyzing a Least Cost Curve Output
Analyze Control Strategy: Least cost curved a 0
Eile
Cost_Curve_Summary_least_cost_test_20080
File Nam*
s D:\Cost_Curve_Sum m a ryj e a st_c o st_te st_2 0 0 8 0 5 0 512 2 7 3 6 417_0 5 m ay2 0 0 8_v0
He.
ider t
ategy least cost curve summary implements control strategy: least cost test ##EXPOR7 Full Description
tfl
Ok if
1 | ^
target_perc...
actual_percent_reduction
total annual cost
average_ann_cost_per_ton
total emis reduction
25
41.214
30212.37
725.08
41.66771
50
50.174
37336.62
736.04
50.72667
75
75.917
91133.98
1187.37
76.75257
90
90.031
230429.62
2531.57
91.0224
91
91.568
248348.26
2682.62
92.576625
92
92.321
25711 6.91
2754.71
93.3372
93
94.474
28221 4.06
2954.69
95.514075
94
94.474
28221 4.06
2954.69
95.514075
95
94.474
28221 4.06
2954.69
95.514075
100
94.474
28221 4.06
2954.69
95.514075
< I I I" I I ~
10 rows: 11 columns [Filter: None, Sort: actual j)ercent_reduction(+)]
4.4.6 Creating a Controlled Emissions Inventory
CoST can create a controlled emissions inventory that reflects the effects of the strategy by
merging the detailed result with the original emissions inventoiy. Controlled inventories are
discussed further in Section 4.5.4.
78. To create a controlled inventory, click the Controlled Inventory radio button on the
Outputs tab of the Edit Control Strategy window (Figure 4-17), and select the Strategy
Detailed Result, to enable the Create button.. Now click Create. You will be prompted
to Enter a name prefix for the controlled inventories; for training purposes, enter
training and click the OK button. If you cancel this prompt, the controlled inventory will
still be created but with no name prefix. The status of the inventory creation will be
shown in the Status window. Once the controlled inventory has been successfully created,
for non Least Cost strategy types you will see the name of the dataset at the far right of
the Output Datasets table in the row corresponding to the Strategy Detailed Result; for
Least Cost strategy types, the controlled inventories will show up as rows in the outputs
table classified under the "Controlled Inventory" Result Type. See Figure 4-28 for an
example of where the control inventory is located for the Maximum Emissions Reduction
example strategy. See Figure-29 for a example of where the control inventories are
located for the Least Cost example strategy.
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Figure 4-28. Controlled Inventory for Maximum Emissions Reduction Example
Edit Control Strategy: Max Emissions Reduction Example
u Ef
Summary | Inventories | Measures j Constraints [ Outputs |
Output Datasets
_L
Li-
_2_
4
$odo 4^
Strategy Messages
rrrrr
n o n pt_pf4_ca p_n o pfc_2 0..
Input Inventory
nonpt_pf4_cap_nopfc_2017ct_nc-
Strategy Messages
ptnonipm_xportfrac_cap2...
ptnonipm_xportfrac_cap2Q17ct_n.
Strategy County Summary
3,669
Strat_County_Sum_1502-
Strategy Measure Summary
Strat_Meas_Sum_150126..
Strategy Detailed Result
Strategy_65_V0_1458484..
ptn o n i pm_xportffac_cap2017 ct_n.
Cntl d_ptnonip m_xportfrac_cap2017ct_nc_sc_va
5 rows: 12 columns: 1 Selected [Filter None, Sort ResultHl
O Input Inventory O Result <§) Controlled Inventory
View Data j Edit | j Summarize Export Analyze Create Customize
Export Folder |
| Browse
Save Close
| Run | | Refresh |
Figure 4-29. Controlled Inventory for Least Cost Curve Example
e£. Edit Control Strategy: Least Cost Example *
~ Ef
[ Summary | Inventories j Measures [ Constraints | Outputs |
Output D
Select
Result Type
Record Count
Result
Status
Total Cost
ITTTT
in;
Controlled Inventory
62,921
least_cost_example_005736292
Completed.
Controlled Inventory
66,092
least_cost_example
Completed.
El
Strategy County Summary
3,669
Strat_Co u nty_Su m_150208 687
Completed.
KM
Strategy Measure Summary
9,512
Strat Meas Sum 150154497
Completed.
mm
Strategy Messages
32,312
Least_Cost_Example_MergedORL_145707681_strategy_msgs_150124655
Completed.
n
Strategy Detailed Result
15,294
Strategy_156_V0_145740692
Completed.
2,227,000,000
ma
Least Cost Control Measure Worksheet
45,052
Measure_Worksheet_Least_Cost_Example_145707117
Completed.
< i in i ~
7 rows: 12 columns: 0 Selected [Filter None, Sort: Start Time(-)]
O Input Inventory <§) Result O Controlled Inventory
View Data Edit Summarize Export j j Analyze Create Customize
Export Folder j
79. To view the data for the controlled inventory, make sure the Controlled Inventory radio
button is still selected for non Least Cost strategy types (see Figure 4-28); for Least Cost
strategy types (see Figure 4-29), find the applicable Controlled Inventory result and make
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sure the Result radio button is selected. Click the View Data button. The data for the
controlled inventory dataset will appear in the Data Viewer.
80. To view the data for the input inventory that was merged with the Strategy Detailed
Result to create the controlled inventory, select the Input Inventory radio button, click
View Data.
81 THIS CONCLUDES Till TRAINING EXERCISES IN SECTION 4. The
remainder of the section provides reference documentation on the outputs of strategies
and summaries that can be created. Advanced Exercises are available in Section 5.
4.4.7 Creating Custom Strategy Outputs
The Customize button on the Outputs window is not frequently used, but can generate special
types of outputs related to analyses with the Response Surface Model (RSM). These custom
outputs are not discussed here.
4.5 Outputs of Control Strategies
This section provides details on the columns available for each type of output. No training
exercises are available in this subsection.
4.5.1 Strategy Detailed Result
As noted earlier, the Strategy Detailed Result is the primary output from running a control
strategy. It is a table of emission source-control measure pairings, each of which contains
information about the costs and emission reduction achieved for measures after they are applied
to the sources. The contents of this table are described later in this subsection. When generating
the Strategy Detailed Result table, some data are needed for CoST to calculate the values of
some columns related to costs, such as:
• Stack Flow Rate (cfs) - from the emissions inventory
• Capital Annual Ratio - from the control measure efficiency record
• Discount Rate (%) - from the control measure efficiency record
• Equipment Life (yrs) - from the control measure efficiency record
• Boiler Capacity (MW) - from the design capacity column of the inventory; units are
obtained from the designcapacityunitnumerator and
designcapacityunitdenominator columns from the inventory. Note that boiler capacity
is often blank in inventories, so special steps may need to be taken to fill in this
information.
The stack flow rate provides information on the volume of effluent that requires treatment by the
control device. The capital annual ratio is used to calculate the capital costs of a control device
from an available O&M cost estimate for that device. The capital costs are the one-time costs to
purchase and install the device, while the operating and maintenance (O&M) costs are those
required to operate and maintain the device for each year. The discount rate and equipment life
are used to compute the annualized capital costs for the device. The discount rate can be
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considered an annual interest rate used to calculate the cost of borrowing money to purchase and
install the control device. The annualized capital cost is computed based on the discount rate, and
the costs are spread over the life of the equipment. The algorithms to compute these cost
breakdowns vary based on whether the input data required to utilize a cost equation are available.
This topic is described in further detail in Table 4-9, which is given after an introductory
discussion of cost concepts, below. The columns of the Strategy Detailed Result are also given in
Table 4-9.
When cost data are provided for the control measures, the resulting costs are also specified in
terms of a particular year. To compute the cost results for a control strategy, it is necessary to
escalate or de-escalate the costs to the same year in order to adjust for inflation and to allow for
consistency in comparing control strategy results. This is done with the following formula:
Cost ($) for a year of interest = Cost for original cost year x Chained GDP for year of interest
Chained GDP for original cost year
where the chained GDP is the chained Gross Domestic Product available from the United States
Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis spreadsheet at
http://www.bea.gov/national/xls/gdplev.xls. The current version used is dated January 30, 2009.
An excerpt of this version is shown in Table 4-8.
Table 4-8. Excerpt from the gdplev Table
Used to Convert Data between Cost Years
Year
Current GDP
Chained GDP
1996
7816.9
8328.9
1997
8304.3
8703.5
1998
8747
9066.9
1999
9268.4
9470.3
2000
9817
9817.0
2001
10128
9890.7
2002
10469.6
10048.8
2003
10960.8
10301.0
2004
11712.5
10675.8
2005
12455.8
10989.5
2006
13246.6
11294.8
2007
13807.5
11523.9
2008
14280.7
11671.3
To facilitate the comparison of the costs of control measures with one another, a normalized
version of the control measure cost per ton is stored within the control measures database. These
costs have all been converted to a consistent "reference year" using the above formula, so that
the cost of any measure can be compared with any other even if their cost years differ. Currently,
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the reference year is 2006. In addition, during the course of the strategy run, the costs are
converted (using the above formula) from the reference year to the cost year that was specified as
an input to the strategy. The results of the strategy are therefore presented in terms of the
specified cost year.
As indicated above, Table 4-9 provides details on the columns of the Strategy Detailed Result.
Table 4-9. Columns in the Strategy Detailed Result
Column
Description
DISABLE
A true-false value that determines whether to disable the control
represented on this line during the creation of a controlled
inventory.
CM ABBREV
The abbreviation for the control measure that was applied to the
source.
POLL
The pollutant for the source, found in the inventory.
see
The SCC for the source, found in the inventory.
FIPS
The state and county FIPS code for the source, found in the
inventory.
PLANTID
For point sources, the plant ID for the source from the inventory.
POINTID
For point sources, the point ID for the source from the inventory.
STACKID
For point sources, the stack ID for the source from the inventory.
SEGMENT
For point sources, the segment for the source from the inventory.
ANNUALCOST ($)
The total annual cost (including both capital and O&M) required
to keep the measure on the source for a year.
a. Default Approach (used when there is no cost equation, or when
inputs to cost equation are not available):
Annual Cost = Emission Reduction (tons) x Reference Yr Cost Per
Ton ($/tons in 2006 Dollars) x Cost Yr Chained GDP / Reference Yr
Chained GDP
b. Approach when Using Type 8 Cost Equation:
If Stack Flow Rate >=5.0 cfm Then
Annual Cost = (Annualized Capital Cost + 0.04 x Capital Cost
+ O&M Cost)
Else
Annual Cost = Default Annualized Cost Per Ton Factor x Emission
Reduction (tons) x Cost Yr Chained GDP / Reference Yr Chained
GDP
ANN COST PER
TON ($/ton)
The annual cost (both capital and O&M) to reduce one ton of the
pollutant.
Ann Cost Per Ton = Annual Cost ($) / Emis Reduction (tons)
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Column
Description
ANNUAL OPER
MAINT COST ($)
The annual cost to operate and maintain the measure once it has
been installed on the source.
a. Default Approach (used when there is no cost equation, or inputs to
cost equation are not available):
= (Annual Cost - Annualized Capital Cost)
Note: if the capital recovery factor was not specified for the measure, it
would not be possible to compute Annualized Capital Cost or Annual
O&M Costs
b. Approach when Using Type 8 Cost Equation:
If Stack Flow Rate >=5.0 cfm Then
= O&M Control Cost Factor x Stack Flow Rate (cfm) x Cost Yr
Chained GDP / Reference Yr Chained GDP
Else
= Default O&M Cost Per Ton Factor x Emission Reduction (tons) x
Cost Yr Chained GDP / Reference Yr Chained GDP
ANNUAL VARIABLE
OPERMAINTCOST ($)
The annual variable cost to operate and maintain the measure
once it has been installed on the source.
a. Default Approach (used when there is no cost equation, or inputs to
cost equation are not available):
= blank (not calculated, no default approach available)
b. Approach when Using Type 10 Cost Equation:
= variable_operation_maintenance_cost_multiplier x design_capacity
x 0.85 x annual_avg_hours_per_year x Cost Yr Chained GDP /
Reference Yr Chained GDP
ANNUAL FIXED
OPER MAINT COST ($)
The annual fixed cost to operate and maintain the measure once it
has been installed on the source.
a. Default Approach (used when there is no cost equation, or inputs to
cost equation are not available):
= blank (not calculated, no default approach available)
b. Approach when Using Type 10 Cost Equation:
= design_capacity x 1000 x
fixed_operation_maintenance_cost_multiplier x (250 /
design_capacity) A fixed_operation_maintenance_cost_exponent x
Cost Yr Chained GDP / Reference Yr Chained GDP
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Column
Description
ANNUALIZED
CAPITAL COST ($)
The annualized cost of installing the measure on the source
assuming a particular discount rate and equipment life.
Annualized Capital Cost = Total Capital Cost x Capital
Recovery Factor (CRF)
Note: if the CRF is not available for the measure, it is not possible
to compute the ACC or the breakdown of costs between capital
and O&M costs.
CRF = (Discount Rate x (1 + Discount Rate)AEquipment Life) /
((Discount Rate + 1) AEquipment Life - 1)
TOTAL CAPITAL
COST ($)
The total cost to install a measure on a source.
a. Default Approach (used when there is no cost equation or cost
equation inputs are not available):
TCC = Emission Reduction (tons) x Reference Yr Cost Per Ton
($/tons in 2006 Dollars) x Capital Annualized Ratio x Cost Yr
Chained GDP / Reference Yr Chained GDP
b. Approach when Using Type 8 Cost Equation:
If Stack Flow Rate >=5.0 cfm Then
TCC = Capital Control Cost Factor x Stack Flow Rate (cfm) x Cost
Yr Chained GDP / Reference Yr Chained GDP
Else
TCC = Default Capital Cost Per Ton Factor x Emission Reduction
(tons) x Cost Yr Chained GDP / Reference Yr Chained GDP
CONTROL EFF (%)
The control efficiency of the measure being applied, stored in the
measure efficiency record.
RULEPEN (%)
The rule penetration of the measure being applied, stored in the
measure efficiency record, but could be overridden as a strategy
setting (see Section 4.3.4).
RULE EFF (%)
The rule effectiveness of the measure being applied, stored in the
measure efficiency record, but could be overridden as a strategy
setting (see Section 4.3.4).
PERCENT
REDUCTION (%)
The percent by which the emissions from the source are reduced
after the control measure has been applied.
Percent reduction = Control Efficiency (%) x Rule Penetration (%) /
100 x Rule Effectiveness (%) / 100
ADJ FACTOR
The factor that was applied by a control program to adjust the
emissions to the target year.
INV CTRL EFF (%)
The control efficiency for the existing measure on the source,
found in the inventory.
INV RULE PEN (%)
The rule penetration for the existing measure on the source, found
in the inventory.
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Column
Description
INVRULEEFF (%)
The rule effectiveness for the existing measure on the source,
found in the inventory.
FINALEMIS SION S
(tons)
The final emission that results from the source being controlled.
= Annual Emission (tons) - Emission Reduction (tons)
EMISREDUCTION
(tons)
The emissions reduced (in tons) as a result of applying the control
measure to the source.
Emissions reduction = Annual Emission (tons) x Percent Reduction
(%)/100
IN VEMIS S ION S
(tons)
The annual emissions, found in the inventory. Note that if the
starting inventory had average-day emissions, the average-day
value is annualized and the resulting value is shown here. This is
necessary to properly compute the costs of the measure.
APPLY ORDER
If multiple measures are applied to the same source, this is a
numeric value noting the order of application for this specific
control measure. The first control to be applied will have a value
of 1 for this field, the second will have a value of 2, and so on.
INPUT EMIS (tons)
The emissions that still exist for the source after prior control
measures have been applied. Usually this is the same as
INV_EMISSIONS (see above), but for the "Apply Measures In
Series" strategy type, in which multiple measures are applied to
the same source, this is the emissions that are still available for the
source after all prior control measures have been applied.
OUTPUTEMIS
(tons)
The emissions that still exist for the source after the current and
all prior control measures have been applied. Usually this is the
same as FINAL_EMISSIONS (see above), but for the "Apply
Measures In Series" strategy type, in which multiple measures are
applied to the same source, this is the emissions that are still
available for the source after the current and all prior control
measures have been applied.
FIPSST
The two-digit FIPS state code.
FIPSCTY
The three-digit FIPS county code.
SIC
The SIC code for the source from the inventory.
NAICS
The NAICS code for the source from the inventory.
SOURCE ID
The record number from the input inventory for this source.
INPUT DS ID
The numeric ID of the input inventory dataset (for bookkeeping
purposes). If multiple inventories were merged to create the
inventory (as can be done for Least Cost strategies), this ID is that
of the merged inventory.
CS ID
The numeric ID of the control strategy.
CM ID
The numeric ID of the control measure.
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Column
Description
EQUATION TYPE
The control measure equation that was used during the cost
calculations.
ORIGINAL
DATASETJD
The numeric ID of the original input inventory dataset, even if a
merged inventory was used for the computation of the strategy, as
can be done for Least Cost strategies.
SECTOR
The emissions sector specified for the input inventory (text, not an
ID number; e.g., ptnonipm for the point non-IPM sector)
CONTROL
PROGRAM
The control program that was applied to produce this record.
XLOC
The longitude for the source, found in the inventory for point
sources; for nonpoint inventories the county centroid is used. This
is useful for mapping purposes.
YLOC
The latitude for the source, found in the inventory for point
sources; for nonpoint inventories the county centroid is used. This
is useful for mapping purposes.
PLANT
The plant name from the inventory (or county name for nonpoint
sources).
REPLACEMENT ADDON
Indicates whether the measure was a replacement or an add-on
control.
A = Add-On Control
R = Replacement Control
EXISTING MEASURE
This column is used when an Add-On Control was applied to a
ABBREVIATION
source; it indicates the existing control measure abbreviation that
was on the source.
EXISTING PRIMARY
This column is used when an Add-On Control was applied to a
DEVICE TYPE CODE
source; it indicates the existing control measure primary device
type code that was on the source.
STRATEGY NAME
The name of the control strategy that produced the detailed result.
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
Indicates the control technology of the control measure.
SOURCE GROUP
Indicates the source group of the control measure.
COMMENT
Information about this record and how it was produced; this
information is either created automatically by the system or
entered by the user.
RECORD ID
System specific columns used for tracking primary key and
VERSION
versioning of data
DELETEVERSION S
4.5.2 Strategy Measure Summary
The Strategy Measure Summary output dataset is a table of emission reduction and cost values
aggregated by the emissions sector (i.e., an EMF Sector), state/county FIPS code, SCC,
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pollutant, and control measure. This table contains information only for sources that were
controlled during the strategy run. It is generated by running a SQL statement that aggregates
the data from the Strategy Detailed Result according to the five categories just listed. The annual
cost and emission reduction are calculated by summing all costs and emission reductions for the
specified grouping (sector, FIPS, SCC, pollutant, and control measure). The average annual cost
per ton is calculated by dividing the total annual costs by the total emission reduction for each
measure. The columns contained in this summary and the formulas used to compute their values
are shown in Table 4-10. An example Strategy Measure Summary is shown in Table 4-14
(located at the end of Section 4.5).
Table 4-10. Columns in the Strategy Measure Summary
Column
Description
SECTOR
The sector for the source (e.g., ptnonipm for the point non-
IPM sector)
FIPS
The state and county FIPS code for the source
SCC
The SCC for the source
POLL
The pollutant for the source
CONTROL MEASURE
The control measure abbreviation
ABBREV
CONTROLMEASURE
The control measure name
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
The control technology that is used for the measure (e.g., Low
NOx burner, Onroad Retrofit).
SOURCE GROUP
The group of sources to which the measure applies (e.g.,
Fabricated Metal Products - Welding).
ANNUALCOST
The total annual cost for all sources that use this measure.
This is calculated by summing all source annual costs that use
this measure
= sum(annual cost)
AVG ANN
The average annual cost per ton ($/ton). This is calculated by
COST PER TON
dividing the total annual cost by the total emission reduction
for all sources for this measure
= sum (annual cost) / sum(emis reduction)
INPUTEMIS
The total of emissions from all sources entering the control
measure. This is calculated by summing the input emissions
for all sources that were controlled by this measure
= sum (input emis)
EMISREDUCTION
The total reduction in emission in tons for all sources for this
control measure
PCT RED
The percent reduction (%) for all sources controlled by this
measure. This is calculated by dividing the total emissions
reduction by the total input emissions.
= [sum(emisreduction) / sum(inputemis)] x 100
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Column
Description
RECORD ID
VERSION
DELETE VERSIONS
System specific columns used for tracking primary key and
versioning of data
4.5.3 Strategy County Summary
The Strategy County Summary output dataset is a table of emission reduction and cost values
aggregated by emissions sector, county, and pollutant. This dataset includes all of the inventory
sources regardless of whether they were controlled. If there is more than one inventory included
in the strategy inputs, then all inventories and their associated Strategy Detailed Results are
merged and aggregated in this summary. The columns that compose this summary are shown in
Table 4-11. An example Strategy County Summary is shown in Table 4-15 (located at the end of
Section 4.5).
Table 4-11. Columns in the Strategy County Summary
Column
Description
SECTOR
The emissions sector for the source (i.e., ptnonipm for the point
non-IPM emissions sector)
FIPS
The state and county FIPS code for the source
POLL
The pollutant for the source
UNCONTROLLEDEMIS
The original inventory emission for the county (in tons)
EMISREDUCTION
The total emission reduction for the county (in tons)
REMAININGEMIS
The remaining emissions after being controlled (in tons)
PCT RED
The percent reduction for the pollutant
ANNUALCOST
The total annual cost for the county. This is calculated by
summing the annual costs for the county
= sum(annualcost)
ANNUAL OPER
MAINTCOST
The total annual O&M costs for the county. This is calculated by
summing the annual O&M costs for the county
= sum(annualopermaintcost)
ANNUALIZED
CAPITALCOST
The total annualized capital costs for the county. This is
calculated by summing the annualized capital costs for the
county
= sum(annualizedcapitalcost)
TOTAL CAPITAL
COST
The total capital costs for the county. This is calculated by
summing the total capital costs for the county
= sum(total_capital_cost)
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Column
Description
AVG ANN
COST PER TON
The average annual cost per ton ($/ton). This is calculated by
dividing the total annual cost by the total emission reduction for
the county.
= sum(annualcost) / sum(emisreduction)
RECORD ID
VERSION
DELETEVERSION S
System specific columns used for tracking primary key and
versioning of data
4.5.4 Controlled Emissions Inventory
Another output that can be created is a controlled emissions inventory (introduced earlier in
Section 4.4.6). This dataset is not automatically created during a strategy run; instead, a user can
choose to create it after the strategy run has completed successfully. When CoST creates a
controlled inventory, comments are placed at the top of the inventory file that indicate the
strategy that produced it and the high-level settings for that strategy. For the sources that were
controlled, CoST fills in the CEFF (control efficiency), REFF (rule effectiveness), and RPEN
(rule penetration) columns based on the control measures applied to the sources. It also populates
several additional columns toward the end of the ORL inventory rows that specify information
about measures that it has applied. These columns are:
• CONTROL MEASURES: An ampersand (&)-separated list of control measure
abbreviations that correspond to the control measures that have been applied to the
given source.
• PCT REDUCTION: An ampersand-separated list of percent reductions that have been
applied to the source, where percent reduction = CEFF x REFF x RPEN.
• CURRENT COST: The annualized cost for that source for the most recent control
strategy that was applied to the source.
• TOTAL COST: The total cost for the source across all measures that have been
applied to the source.
In this way, the controlled inventories created by CoST always specify the relevant information
about the measures that have been applied as a result of a CoST control strategy.
4.5.5 Strategy Messages
The Strategy Messages output provides information gathered while the strategy is running that is
helpful to the user. The Strategy Messages output is currently created by the following strategy
types:
• Proj ect Future Year Inventory
• Max Emission Reduction
• Least Cost (but not Least Cost Curve)
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The columns of the Strategy Messages output are described in Table 4-12. An example Strategy
Messages output is shown in Table 4-13.
Table 4-12. Columns in the Strategy Messages Output
Column
Description
FIPS
The state and county FIPS code for the source, found in
the inventory
see
The SCC code for the source, found in the inventory
PLANTID
For point sources, the plant ID for the source from the
inventory.
POINTID
For point sources, the point ID for the source from the
inventory.
STACKID
For point sources, the stack ID for the source from the
inventory.
SEGMENT
For point sources, the segment for the source from the
inventory.
POLL
The pollutant for the source, found in the inventory
STATUS
The status type of the message. The possible values:
Warning - a possible issue has been detected, but
processing did not stop.
Error - a problem occurred that caused the processing to
stop.
Informational - it was desirable to communicate
information to the user.
CONTROL
PROGRAM
The control program for the strategy run; this is
populated only when using the "Project Future Year
Inventory" strategy type.
MESSAGE
Text describing the strategy issue.
MESSAGE TYPE
INVENTORY PACKET FIPS
PACKET SCC
PACKET PLANTID
PACKET POINTID
PACKET STACKID
PACKET SEGMENT
PACKET POLL, PACKET SIC
PACKET MACT
PACKET NAICS
PACKET COMPLIANCE DATE
Reserved columns used for another strategy type that was
not part of this training exercise.
RECORD ID
VERSION
System specific columns used for tracking primary key
and versioning of data
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Column
Description
DELETEVERSIONS
Table 4-13. Example of Strategy Messages Output
fips
see
plantid
pointid
stackid
segment
poll
status
control_
program
message
42049
30900201
420490009
942
S942
1
PM2_5
Warning
Emission reduction is
negative, -1693.9.
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Table 4-14. Example of Strategy Measure Summary Data
SECTOR
FIPS
see
POLL
CONTROL
MEASURE
ABBREV
CONTROL_ MEASURE
CONTROL
TECHNOLOGY
SOURCE
GROUP
ANNUAL
COST
AVG
ANN
COST
PER
TON
EMIS
REDUCTION
ptnonipm
37001
10200906
PM10
PFFPJIBWD
Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet
Type);(PM10) Industrial
Boilers - Wood
Fabric Filter
(Pulse Jet Type)
Industrial
Boilers -
Wood
$419,294
$12,862
32.6007
ptnonipm
37001
10200906
PM2_5
PFFPJIBWD
Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet
Type);(PM10) Industrial
Boilers - Wood
Fabric Filter
(Pulse Jet Type)
Industrial
Boilers -
Wood
19.5426
ptnonipm
37001
30500311
PM10
PFFPJMIOR
Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet
Type);(PM10) Mineral
Products - Other
Fabric Filter
(Pulse Jet Type)
Mineral
Products -
Other
$446,026
$83,379
5.3494
ptnonipm
37001
30500311
PM2_5
PFFPJMIOR
Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet
Type);(PM10) Mineral
Products - Other
Fabric Filter
(Pulse Jet Type)
Mineral
Products -
Other
2.0939
ptnonipm
37001
30501110
PM10
PFFPJMIOR
Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet
Type);(PM10) Mineral
Products - Other
Fabric Filter
(Pulse Jet Type)
Mineral
Products -
Other
$110
$147
0.7498
ptnonipm
37001
30501110
PM2_5
PFFPJMIOR
Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet
Type);(PM10) Mineral
Products - Other
Fabric Filter
(Pulse Jet Type)
Mineral
Products -
Other
0.2605
Table 4-15. Example of Strategy County Summary Data
SECTOR
FIPS
POLL
INPUT
EMIS
EMIS
REDUCT
ION
REMAINING
EMIS
PCT
RED
ANNUAL
COST
ANNUAL
OPER
MAINT COST
ANNUALIZED
CAPITAL
COST
TOTAL
CAPITAL
COST
AVG ANN
COST
PER TON
ptnonipm
37001
VOC
313.8724
313.8724
ptnonipm
37001
PM2_5
33.4717
33.2505
0.2212
99.3391
ptnonipm
37001
NH3
6.9128
6.9128
ptnonipm
37001
NOX
146.2904
146.2904
ptnonipm
37001
PM10
51.0928
50.7019
0.3909
99.2349
$865,430
$746,831
$83,300
$882,489
$22,363
ptnonipm
37001
S02
54.3864
54.3864
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4.6 Summaries of Strategy Inputs and Outputs
The EMF/CoST system can prepare summaries of the datasets that are loaded into the system,
including both the emissions inventory datasets and the Strategy Detailed Result outputs. The
ability to prepare summaries is helpful because in many cases there could be thousands of
records in a single Strategy Detailed Result. Thus, when the results of a strategy are analyzed or
presented to others, it is useful to show the impact of the strategy in a summarized fashion.
Frequently, it is helpful to summarize a strategy for each county, state, SCC, or control
technology. The power of the PostgreSQL relational database that contains the system data is
used to develop these summaries. Currently, they are prepared using the EMF subsystem that
was designed to support quality assurance (QA) of emissions inventories and related datasets.
Recall that the creation of summaries for strategy outputs was discussed in Section 4.4.3.
Each summary is stored as the result of a "QA Step" that is created by asking CoST to run a SQL
query. Summaries can be added to inventory or Strategy Detailed Result datasets by editing the
dataset properties, going to the QA tab, and using the available buttons to add and edit QA steps.
For more details on how to create summaries, see Section 4.4.3. Examples of the types of
summary templates available for ORL Point Inventories (the type with the most templates due to
the larger number of columns in that inventory type) are:
• "Summarize by Pollutant with Descriptions"
• " Summarize by Pollutant"
• "Summarize by SCC and Pollutant with Descriptions"
• "Summarize by SCC and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by U.S. State and Pollutant with Descriptions"
• "Summarize by U.S. State and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by U.S. County and Pollutant with Descriptions"
• "Summarize by MACT Code, U.S. State and Pollutant with Descriptions"
• "Summarize by Data Source Code, U.S. State and Pollutant with Descriptions"
• "Summarize by U.S. State, SCC and Pollutant with Descriptions"
• "Compare CoST to NEI measures"
• "Roll Up CoST and NEI measures"
• "Summarize by Plant and Pollutant"
Note that the summaries "with Descriptions" have more information than the ones without. For
example, the "Summarize by SCC and Pollutant with Descriptions" summary includes the SCC
description in addition to the pollutant description. The disadvantage to include the descriptions
is that they are a bit slower to generate because information has to be brought in from additional
tables than the table being summarized.
Each of the summaries is created using a customized SQL syntax that is very similar to standard
SQL, except that it includes some EMF-specific concepts that allow the queries to be defined
generally and then applied to specific datasets as needed. An example of the customized syntax
for the "Summarize by SCC and Pollutant" query is:
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"select SCC, POLL, sum(annemis) as annemis from $TABLE[1] e group by SCC, POLL
order by SCC, POLL"
Notice that the only difference between this and standard SQL is the use of the $TABLE[1]
syntax. When this query is run, the $TABLE[1] portion of the query is replaced with the table
name used to contain the data in the EMF. Note that most datasets have their own tables in the
EMF schema, so you do not normally need to worry about selecting only the records for the
specific dataset of interest. The customized syntax also has extensions to refer to another dataset
and to refer to specific versions of other datasets using tokens other than STABLE. For the
purposes of this discussion, it is sufficient to note that these other extensions exist.
Some of the summaries are constructed using more complex queries that join information from
other tables, such as the SCC descriptions, the pollutant descriptions (which are particularly
useful for HAPs), and to account for any missing descriptions. For example, the syntax for the
"Summarize by SCC and Pollutant with Descriptions" query is:
"select e.SCC, coalesce(s.scc_description,'AN UNSPECIFIED DESCRIPTION')::character
varying(248) as scc description, e.POLL, coalesce(p.descrptn,'AN UNSPECIFIED
DESCRIPTION')::character varying(l 1) as pollutant code desc, coalesce(p.name,'AN
UNSPECIFIED SMOKE NAME')::character varying(ll) as smokename,p.factor, p.voctog,
p.species, coalesce(sum(ann_emis), 0) as ann emis, coalesce(sum(avd_emis), 0) as avdemis
from $TABLE[1] e left outer join reference.invtable p on e.POLL=p.cas left outer join
reference.see s on e.SCC=s.scc group by e.SCC,e.POLL,p.descrptn,s.scc_description,
p.name, p.factor,p.voctog, p.species order by e.SCC, p.name"
This query is quite a bit more complex, but is still supported by the EMF QA step processing
system. In addition to summaries of the inventories, there are many summaries available for the
Strategy Detailed Results output by control strategy runs and for some of the other CoST-related
dataset types. Some of the summaries available for Strategy Detailed Results are as follows:
• " Summarize by Pollutant"
• "Summarize by County and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by SCC and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by Control Technology and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by Control Measure and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by Source Group and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by U.S. State and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by State, SCC, and Control Technology"
• "Summarize by Control Technology, FIPS, and SCC"
• "Summarize by Control Program, U.S. State and Pollutant"
• "Summarize by Plant and Pollutant"
• "Summarize all Control Measures"
• "Summarize by Sector and Pollutant with Descriptions"
• "Summarize by Sector, U.S. State, and Pollutant"
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• "Summarize by U.S. State and SMOKE Pollutant Name"
• "Cost Curve"
A plot created based the output of a Summarize by Control Technology and Pollutant summary
is shown in Figure 4-28.
Figure 4-30. Control Technologies used within a Least Cost Analysis
Emissions Reduction as a function of Control Technology
OT + Wl
LNB ~
LNB + FGR M
Steam Injection ZD
Mid-Kiln Firing I
LNB + Over Fire Air I
LNB + FGR + Over Fire Air |
SCR j 1
NSCR j I
SNCR I
-J— I I I 1 I
0 2000 4000 6000 3000 10000
When multiple datasets need to be considered in a summary (e.g., to compare two inventories),
the EMF "QA Program" mechanism is used. The QA programs each have customized user
interfaces that allow users to select the datasets to be used in the query. Some of the following
QA programs may prove useful to CoST users:
• "Multi-inventory sum": takes multiple inventories as input and reports the sum of
emissions from all inventories
• "Multi-inventory column report": takes multiple inventories as input and shows the
emissions from each inventory in separate columns
• "Multi-inventory difference report": takes two sets of inventories as input, sums each
inventory, and then computes the difference between the two sums
• "Compare Control Strategies": compares the data available in the Strategy Detailed
Result datasets output from two control strategies
Summaries can be mapped with geographic information systems (GIS), mapping tools, and
Google Earth. To facilitate this mapping, many of the summaries that have "with Descriptions"
in their names include latitude and longitude information. For plant-level summaries, the latitude
and longitude provided are the average of all the values given for the specific combination of
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FIPS and PLANT ID. For county- and state-level summaries, the latitude and longitude are the
centroid values specified in the "fips" table of the EMF reference schema.
It is useful to note that after the summaries have been created, they can be exported to CSV files.
By clicking 'View Results', the summary results can be viewed in a table called the Analysis
Engine that does sorting, filtering, and plotting. From the File menu of the Analysis Engine
window, a compressed .kmz file can be created and subsequently loaded into Google Earth. Note
that each KMZ file is currently provided with a single latitude and longitude coordinate
representing its centroid, even for geographic shapes like counties.
Recall that in addition to the datasets output for control strategies, many types of summaries of
these datasets can be created in CoST (see Section 2.7). Figure 11 shows a plot that can be
created by summarizing a Least Cost Strategy Detailed Result using the "Summarize by Control
Technology and Pollutant" query. Some of the technologies used in this run were Low NOx
burners (LNB), Low NOx burners with Flue Gas Recovery (LNB + FGD), Non-Selective
Catalytic Reduction (NSCR), and Selective Non-catalytic Reduction (SNCR). Note that Figure
11 was generated by plotting data output from CoST with spreadsheet software, and not by CoST
itself. CoST does have some plotting capabilities, but they are not discussed in this document.
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5 Control Strategy Exercises
This section has some advanced training exercises for you to work through after you have
completed the basic exercises above.
5.1 Importing an Emissions Inventory (or County List File)
In many cases, it will be necessary to import an emissions inventory into the EMF for use with
CoST. Before it can be imported, the inventory must be in one of these ORL formats: ORL
Point, ORL Onroad, ORL Nonroad, or ORL Nonpoint. For more information on these formats,
see http://www.smoke-model.Org/version3.0/html/ch08s02.html#d0e38904. Try importing an
inventory using the following steps:
1. Choose Datasets from the Manage menu of the EMF main window.
2. Set the Show Datasets of Type menu to the type that represents your inventory (e.g.,
ORL Nonpoint Inventory).
3. Click the Import button to show the Import Datasets window.
4. Click the Browse button and browse to the location of your inventory on the EMF server
computer (e.g., C:\EMF_temp\inventories\nonpoint).
5. Select the checkbox that corresponds to your inventory (e.g.,
arinv_nonpt_2020cc_31may2007_v0_orl_txt) and then click OK.
6. Specify a meaningful name for the new dataset in the Dataset Name type-in field that
does not duplicate one of the existing dataset names.
7. Click the Import button. Monitor the Status window for the status of your import. If the
inventory file was new, you may have data formatting issues to deal with.
8. Click Done on the Import Datasets window.
9. After you see a message that the Status window that indicates that the import has
completed, click Refresh on the Dataset Manager and you should see the newly
imported inventory dataset. The dataset could now be used as an input to a control
strategy.
10. To import a list of counties to limit the counties used for a strategy analysis, set the Show
Datasets of Type menu to List of Counties and then import the file following steps 3
through 9 above. Be sure that your list of counties file has at least two columns, with one
of them labeled 'FIPS'.
From the Dataset Manager, you can:
• use the View button to open the Dataset Properties Viewer,
• use the Edit button to open the Dataset Properties Editor,
• use the Edit Data button to create new versions of the dataset,
• use the Remove button to remove the dataset,
• use the Import button to import new datasets,
• use the Export button to export the data to a file on the EMF server,
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• use the Purge button to purge datasets that were removed from the system,
• use the Close button to close the Dataset Manager Window.
5.2 Running a Maximum Emissions Reduction Strategy
For this exercise, we will modify the least cost strategy you created in Section 4 and run it as a
maximum emissions reductions strategy.
1. Copy the least cost strategy you created in Section 4 to a new strategy.
2. Edit the strategy and set the Strategy Type to Max Emissions Reduction.
3. Run the new strategy.
4. Did the maximum emissions reduction strategy run slower or faster than the least cost?
5. How much more reduction did you get over the 50% level of reduction you specified in
Section 4?
6. How does the Average Cost per Ton and Total Cost differ between the 50% reduction
strategy you ran earlier and the maximum emissions reduction available?
Hint: use the columns of the Control Strategy Manager to answer this question.
Least Cost Strategy Total Cost: Average CPT:
Max. Emissions Red Total Cost: Average CPT:
7. What are some of the SCCs for sources that had control measures applied in the result,
but had a control efficiency of less than 90%? [It is important to note these because they
may provide opportunities for controls...] Hint: Examine the Strategy Detailed Result
and apply a filter for CONTROL_EFF<90 to find the applicable rows.
SCCs with CE < 90%:
5.3 Running a Strategy with a Hypothetical Measure
For this exercise, we will create a new control measure and then see what impact it has on the
strategy results.
1. Create a new control measure. Set the Major Pollutant to NOX. Set the Class to
Hypothetical.
2. On your new measure, enter an Efficiency record for NOX with a control efficiency of
95%, a cost per ton of 3000, and a cost year of 2006.
3. For your new measure, add all SCCs starting with 102 (there should be about 78 of
these). Hint: you do not have to click 78 checkboxes to do this - remember to filter and
Select All.
4. Copy your maximum emissions reduction strategy from the previous exercise to a new
strategy.
5. Set your new strategy to include Hypothetical measures in addition to Known.
6. Run your new strategy.
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7. Based on the results of this strategy, how much additional emissions reduction could
you get over the previous maximum reduction result if there was a control measure with a
95% CE available for sources with SCCs starting with 102, such as the one you created?
5.4 Examining Cobenefits
For this exercise, we will run a control strategy that will result in some control measures being
applied that result in co-benefits.
1. Set up a new control strategy.
2. Set the Target year to 2020 and the Strategy Type to Max Emissions Reduction.
3. Set the inventory to use to be the nonpoint inventory you imported in Section 5.1.
4. Set the inventory filter to: FIPS like '42%'.
5. Set the Target Pollutant to PM10, then Run the strategy.
6. Once the run completes, summarize the Strategy Detailed result by Control Technology
and Pollutant.
7. Once the summary has completed running, view the Detailed Result.
Do you see data for more than one pollutant?
What is the typical cost per ton for the strategy?
8. Try setting a Maximum Cost per Ton constraint less than the typical cost per ton in the
result you just generated and rerun the strategy.
How does the constraint impact the results?
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6 Example SQL Statements for Creating Row Filters
Table 6-1 provides some examples of row filters that can be applied to inventory filters to target
specific sources for use during strategy analyses.
Table 6-1. Examples of Row Filters (Data Viewer window) and
Inventory Filters (Inventories tab of the Edit Control Strategy window)
Filter Purpose
SQL Where Clause
Filter on a particular set of SCCs
see like '101%' or see like '102%'
Filter on a particular set of pollutants
poll in CPM10', 'PM2 5')
or
POLL = 'PM10' or POLL = 'PM2 5'
Filter sources only in NC (State FIPS =
37), SC (45), and VA (51); note that
FIPS column format is State + County
FIPS code (e.g., 37001)
substring(FIPS,l,2) in ('37', '45', '51')
Filter sources only in CA (06) and
include only NOx and VOC pollutants
substring(fips,l,2) = '06' and poll in ('NOX', 'VOC')
or
fips like '06%>' and (poll = 'NOX' or poll = 'VOC')
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7 References
Eyth, A.M., D. Del Vecchio, D. Yang, D. Misenheimer, D. Weatherhead, L. Sorrels, "Recent
Applications of the Control Strategy Tool (CoST) within the Emissions Modeling
Framework", 17th Annual Emissions inventory Conference, Portland, OR, 2008.
Houyoux, M.R., M. Strum, R. Mason, A. Eyth, A. Zubrow, C. Allen, "Using SMOKE from the
Emissions Modeling Framework", 17th Annual Emissions inventory Conference, Portland,
OR, 2008.
Misenheimer, D.C., "A New Tool for Integrated Emissions and Controls Strategies Analysis",
16th Annual Emissions inventory Conference, Raleigh, NC, 2007.
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