www.epa.gov/nrmrl
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY
GROUND WATER AND ECOSYSTEMS RESTORATION RESEARCH
NRMRL
Developing arid Utilizing Isotopic and Tracer Tools to Evaluate
the Source and Movement of Nitrate in Contaminated Ground
Water in the Lower Umatilla Basin, Oregon
Project Type
This is an EPA Region 10 Regional Applied Research
Effort project established between EPA's Ground Water and
Ecosystem Restoration Division (Elise Striz, Project Officer)
and EPA Region 10 (Curt Black, Project Officer). The
research was conducted under Interagency Agreement
DW14994101 with the Washington State U.S. Geological
Survey (Anthony Paulson, Principal Investigator) and the
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (Phil
Richerson, contact).
Project Period
August 1, 2003 through June 30, 2006
Project Summary
The Lower Umatilla Basin Ground Water Management Area is a 550-
square-mile area that stretches from Pendleton, Oregon, to the Columbia
River. The area features a complex ground water flow system
characterized by nitrate concentrations that often exceed the drinking
water standard (by greater than 7 milligrams per liter nitrate). Five major
sources of ground water nitrate in the basin have been identified,
including irrigated agriculture, food processing waste land application,
concentrated animal feedings operations, an army base ordinance depot,
and septic systems.
The objectives of this research are to answer two questions:
•	What is the source of the nitrate in specific wells?
•	How long has the nitrate been migrating from the source?
To answer these questions, EPA scientists will develop isotopic tools to
identify which of the five sources of nitrate are present in a particular
well and time-of-travel techniques to determine how long the nitrate has
been traveling from the source.
Water samples from wells were collected beneath and downgradient from two food-processing wastewater-
application sites near Umatilla, Oregon. These samples were analyzed for nitrate stable isotopes, nutrients, major
ions, and age-dating constituents. End-member mixing analysis was used to determine the relative amounts of each
identified end member within the samples collected from the Terrace Farm site. The delta nitrogen-15 (815N) of
nitrate generally ranged between +2 and +9 parts per thousand and the delta oxygen-18(8180) of nitrate generally
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory's mission is to advance scientific and engineering
solutions that enable EPA and others to effectively manage current and future environmental risks.
NRMRL possesses unique strengths and capabilities and is dedicated to providing credible
technological information and scientific solutions that support national priorities
and protect human health and the environment.
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ranged between -2 and -7 parts per thousand. None of the samples that were determined to be associated with the
wastewater were different from the samples that were not affected by the wastewater. The nitrate isotope values
measured in this study are also characteristic of ammonium fertilizer, animal and human waste, and soil nitrate;
therefore, it was not possible to differentiate between food-processing wastewater and the other nitrate sources.
Values of 815N and 8180 of nitrate provided no more information about the sources of nitrate in the Umatilla River
basin than did a hydrologic and geochemical understanding of the ground water system derived from interpreting
water-level and major-ion chemistry data.
Products
Frans, L., A. Paulson, P. Richerson, E. Striz, and C. Black. (2009). "Evaluation of Sources of Nitrate Beneath Food
processing Wastewater-Application Sites Near Umatilla, Oregon." U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations
Report 2009-5069, 14 p.
Contact
Curt Black
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory's mission is to advance scientific and engineering
solutions that enable EPA and others to effectively manage current and future environmental risks.
NRMRL possesses unique strengths and capabilities and is dedicated to providing credible
technological information and scientific solutions that support national priorities
and protect human health and the environment.

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