RCRA Public Participation Manual - Tools
EPA-530-F-20-001 | https://www.epa.gov/rcra
Public Hearings
Public hearings provide an opportunity for the public to provide formal comments and oral testimony on proposed
agency actions. Occasionally the agency will present introductory information at the public hearing prior to receiving
comments. All testimony received becomes part of the public record.
In contrast to a public hearing, a public meeting is intended to provide two-way discussion and is not always recorded for
the public record.
Permittees and facility staff have no official role during a public hearing. The public hearing is a regulatory requirement of
the permitting agency.
The 2016 Edition of the RCRA Public Participation Manua provides more detail on Public Hearings in Chapters 3 and
4, which detail public participation during the permitting processes and RCRA §3008(h) orders. Additionally, the public
participation activities table in Chapter 5 describes the relevant RCRA processes, regulatory requirements, and provides
recommendations for use for public hearings.
Required activity?
Yes. Public hearings are required if requested ( D CFR §124.11) by the public during the draft permit stage, during an
agency-initiated modification under §270.41. or a Class 3 permit modification under 5270.42(c)(6). The agency will also
hold a public hearing at the draft permit stage when there is a high level of public interest (based on requests), or when
the agency believes that the hearing might clarify relevant issues ( i!24.12). The agency will also hold a hearing if these
conditions apply during closure or post-closure at interim status facilities (§§265.112(d)(4 and 265.118(f).
The Agency must provide at least a 30-day advance notice for a public hearing. The public hearing notice may be
combined with the draft permit notice.
Making it Work
When to Use
Public hearings are typically held in conjunction with a public comment period. The permitting agency must hold a public
hearing if someone submits a request or a written notice of opposition to a draft permit under the following scenarios:
•	When requested by a member of the public during a public comment period on a permit, closure, or corrective action.
Once requested, hearings require a minimum 30-day advance notice.
•	Public hearings are usually conducted during the public comment period following the issuance of a draft permit,
major permit modification, or at the selection of a proposed corrective measure.
•	Public hearings may be appropriate at other times during the process, especially if the level of community concern
warrants a formal record of communication.

RCRA Public Participation Manual - Tools
Public Hearings

-------
RCRA Public Participation Manual - Tools
https://www.epa.gov/rcra
How to Use
Before the Hearing
Since public hearings are part of the public record, arrange to have someone there who can make a transcription of the
meeting. If the hearing is expected to become contentious, it may also be a good idea to bring in a neutral facilitator.
On the day of the meeting, arrive early, and greet residents as they arrive. As people arrive, make sure that they check in
and sign the sign-in sheet, and provide them with the agenda. Resist the temptation to retreat to a cluster of EPA people.
Mingle with the residents, make them feel comfortable, and make small talk with them while you are waiting to start the
meeting.
During the Hearing
Start the hearing on time.
If the purpose of the hearing is to receive comments for a public comment period, it should be structured as a listening
session. Agency representatives should acknowledge but not respond directly to comments voiced by community
members. Make sure that you set the stage clearly at the beginning by communicating that the purpose of the meeting is
for EPA to listen to community input and that EPA will respond to comments in a response to comments document at the
end of the public comment period.
If the purpose of the hearing is to convey information, explain the purpose and review the agenda and ground rules at
the beginning of the hearing, including when and how comments and questions from the audience will be addressed.
While you should have a well-thought-out agenda, flexibility is essential. In some cases, your discussions may evolve
based on questions posed by community members, and a presentation may go a bit differently than anticipated. In rare
instances when the situation warrants it, be prepared to adjust your agenda accordingly, as long as the audience agrees.
Remember that while this might be EPA's hearing, it is for the public.
Establish the ground rules before you open the floor to questions and comments. Remember the difference between
a question and a comment. Questions require answers but comments do not. Avoid the urge to explain the Agency's
position or defend a decision in response to a comment. This is good advice for any public meeting, but it is critical
advice for hearings held in connection with a comment period. A simple "thank you," and perhaps something like "we
have recorded your comment and will be sure to consider it," is the appropriate response to a comment.
When taking questions from the public, remember that you and the other site team members are public servants.
Answers such as, "it's not my job" or "that's not our area of responsibility" never sit well with taxpayers. Try to be
responsive to all issues raised, even if it means having to explain EPA's role and the need to refer a question to another
government agency. If you have to say "I don't know," make sure you add "but I'll find the answer and get back to you"
and provide a specific date in the near future. Make sure that you or a team member records the person's name, phone
number, and question so that you can get back to them. If you commit to getting back to someone, be sure to do it in a
timely fashion.

RCRA Public Participation Manual - Tools
Public Hearings

-------
RCRA Public Participation Manual - Tools
AEPA
https: //www. e pa. go v/rcra
After the Hearing
A transcript is required for public hearings, particularly if community members offered public comments. The hearing's
transcript should be included in the Response to Comments document and included in the administrative record for the
final permit decision. In addition to a transcript, have someone take detailed notes, including action items and items for
follow-up after the hearing. Be sure to review these notes soon after the hearing. Complete action items, and provide
whatever feedback or complete follow-up activities that were promised in a timely manner. Consider writing a summary
response to comments and send it to every attendee for whom you have an address and those on the mailing list.
Tips
•	Begin with introductory information from the permitting agency.
•	Ensure that all testimony given at a public hearing becomes part of the public record.
•	Hold public hearings at a time and location (e.g., close to the facility) most convenient to the public.
•	Make a recording or written transcript of the hearing publicly available.
•	Set reasonable time limits for oral statements. In some circumstances, written statements also may be required.
•	Public hearings may become contentious. It is important to keep this in mind and plan properly so the speakers are
not caught off guard by a frustrated audience.
RCRA Public Participation Manual - Tools
Public Hearings

-------