Energy Use Assessments at
Water and Wastewater Systems
Guide
A means of assessing your system's baseline energy
consumption and costs in order to identify areas for
improved energy efficiency and operational savings
Using the
Energy Use Assessment Tool
-------
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Energy Use Assessment Tool 4
Establish a Baseline 7
Review Your Calculated Metrics 9
Baseline Evaluation 10
Next Steps 12
Resources 18
Abbreviations and Common Terms
Amp Amperage
Energy An energy baseline is developed by measuring and
Baseline documenting your energy usage and costs at a specific time.
This establishes a reference point for evaluating the
effectiveness of future changes in process and equipment.
FLA Full Load Amperage
Hp Horsepower output
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning
W Watts
kW Kilowatts
-------
Introduction
Energy use assessments can help water and wastewater utilities identify energy and cost
savings. This booklet contains practical direction on how to begin an assessment as well as
potential steps that systems could take after an assessment is completed.
EPA's Energy Use Assessment Tool is available to address areas where utilities tend to get
stuck and is meant to guide them through the process. Some commonly seen issues are:
Trouble Establishing an Audit/Baseline
Utilities tend to stop even before they start because of the
cost of hiring third-party energy auditors.
Most facilities do not have extra personnel with the energy
expertise to diagnose areas of improvement
Where to begin
Utilities may not be able to appropriately identify or
prioritize projects (or operational modifications).
Utilities may not be able to compare energy impacts of
current technologies versus more efficient technologies.
They may be unfamiliar with funding opportunities for energy
efficiency.
This booklet will discuss how to establish an energy baseline
using the Energy Use Assessment Tool, the next steps and the
resources available to help along the way.
Energy Use Assessment 1
-------
Benefits of Improved Energy Efficiency
Reduced operating costs
With energy costs rising, increasing energy efficiency can reduce the impact
on your operating budget.
Opportunity for financial savings reinvestment back into the
system
Many systems have not received upgrades because of budget limitations.
Additional room in the budget from monthly energy savings can be used to
make updates and repairs where they are needed.
Less pressure on freshwater
resources
A nexus exists between the amount of
energy consumed and the use of
freshwater resources.
Less strain on current energy grid
With the rise in electric consumption, energy grids are being strained. More
efficient large scale consumers can help reduce that grid strain.
Less greenhouse gas emissions
Reducing energy use results in less greenhouse gas emissions.
Environmental stewardship
Reducing energy use, and thus freshwater use, ultimately conserves the
overall environmental quality and resources that we all need.
2 Energy Use Assessment
-------
There is a Nexus between
Water and
Processing drinking water and wastewater is an energy intensive activity. It accounts for a
large portion of a municipality's energy needs. For drinking water systems, energy is
typically needed for raw water extraction and conveyance, treatment, water storage and
distribution. Energy usage can vary based on water source, facility age, treatment type,
storage capacity, topography, and system size, which encompasses volume produced and
service area.
Dams
produce
electricity
Energy is used for
pumping water
Water used for
mining fuels
Water supply
uses energy
Water aid energy use
In the home are related
Image from "Energy Demands on Water Resources," U.S. Department of Energy, 2006 (pg. 13)
Producing energy needs water.
Extracting, treating and distributing water needs energy.
Conserving one reduces both.
Energy Use Assessment 3
-------
Energy Use Assessment Tool
Download the Energy Use Assessment Tool and User's Guide:
http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/sustairi/enerqv use.cfm
The Energy Use Assessment Tool can be a key step in analyzing and ultimately reducing
the energy usage at a small or medium sized water/wastewater system. The Tool helps to
create an individual energy and cost baseline which can provide a utility an organized
overall look at their facility's current energy usage.
This free, downloadable, Excel-based Tool helps to highlight areas of inefficiency that
utilities may find useful in identifying and prioritizing energy improvement projects.
Electric Use vs. Cost
210.000
205,000 --
200.000 |
195,000
190,000 --
185.000 --
180.000
175,000 -
170.000 |
165.000
160.000 +
155.000
7/2010 8/2010 9/2010 10/2010 11/2010 12/2010 1/2011 2/2011 3/2011 4/2011 5*2011 6/2011
Š Electric Use 182,600 177,400 173,600 182,400 186,600 190,600 196,800 189,800 187,600 192,800 204,000 183.800
-ElectricCost 19,940 13,042 17,690 18,060 17,876 13,336 13,184 19.492 19,243 19,704 20,930 19,997
22.000
-- 21.000
-- 20.000
--19 000 -
Š- 18.000
Š- 17.000
16.000
DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY USE & COST BY MAJOR PROCESS FOR 7/2010 - 6/2011
Top 5 Energy Use Systems
Š #1 SECONDARY TREATMENT
#2 FIXED FILM TREATMENT
#3 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Š #4 LIGHTING
Š #5 PRIMARY TREATMENT
Balance of Plant Identified
Balance of Plant Unidentified
Energy Use Assessment
-------
Energy Use Assessment Tool
The Tool allows entry of up to five years of utility data. The Tool organizes the last five
years of utility bills giving a clear look at how use and costs are trending. Use trends can
show performance of existing or new equipment. It is recommended to enter more than
just 12 months of data to develop useful trend comparisons.
I
am
Electric ($/kWh) $0.1018
2011 J
Electricity Cost (S) 2011
Consumption (kWh) 2011
Natural Gas Cost ($) 2011
Consumption (CCF) 2011
No 2 Fuel Oil Cost ($) 2011
Consumption (CCF) 2011
Water & Sewer Cost ($) 2011
Consumption (GAL) 2011 ^
Alternative Energy Cost (S) 2^1
Consumption (CCF) 2011
Other - Propane Cost &) 2011
Consumption (<^) 2011
Total Utilit^st 2011
Trea^nt Volume (MGAL) 2011
WBity Cost/Treatment Volume (S/MGAI
Electric Utilization (kWh/MGAL) 2011
5,276
516,231.03^11,16#
14,^ff 10,279 8,478
yfc,320.06 S12,320.06 S11,741.82
2011
Electric ($j'kWh)
$0.1018
Natura
I 2011 zl January February
Electricity Cost (5) 2011
518,184.32
519,492.46
Consumption (kWh) 2011
196,000
189,800
Natural Gas Cost (5) 2011
56,146.54
55,556.68
Consumption (CCF) 2011
5,276
4,782
No 2 Fuel Oil Cost (5) 2011
516,231.03
511,166.71
Consumption (CCF) 2011
14,260
10,279
Water a Sewer Cost (S) 2011
512.320.06
512,320.06
Consumption (GAL) 2011
2,210,966
2,210,986
Alternative Energy Cost (S) 2011
51,914.90
52,035,80
II Consumption (CCF) 2011
1,473,000
1,566,000
n Other - Propane Cost (S) 2011
51,070.30
51,535.60
i)
'> Consumption (GAL) 20111
973,000
1,396,000
j Total Utility Cost 2011
555,367.15
S52,107.31
; Treatment Volume (MGAL) 2011
112.240
107.500
si Utility CostiTreatment Volume (S/MGAI
5497.75
5484.72
l Electric Utilization (kWh/MGAL) 2011
1,753.39
1,765.58
5,237 562 400
511,741.82 511,741.82 516,794.47
2,210,986 2,210,986 2.107,257 2,107,257 2,107,257 3,013,644
51,914.90 52,035.80 52,571.40 52,394.60 52,012.40 525,071.20
1,473,000 1,566,000 1,978,000 1,842,000 1,548,000 229,400
51,070.30 51,535.60 52,324.30 53,180.10 52,017.40 51,923.90
973,000 1,396,000 2,113,000 2,891,000 1,834,000 1,749,000
555,867.15 552,107.31 549,487.63 545,391.09 S38,762.38 565,25^0 i
112.240 107.500 116.700 118.400 111jp <"Š^4.700
5497.75 S484.72 5424.06 5348.58 5689.11
1,753.39 1,765.58 ^60f?T 1,628.33 1,834.53 1,940.87
39,216.00 6,536.00
576,660.05 S12jy£.6£M**
13,757^J 00«"?292,897.83
,000.30 56,000.05
8,636,400.00 1,439,400.00
512,051.60 S2,008.60
10,956,000.00 1,826,000.00
5 306,874.56 5 25,572.88
660.740 110.123
2,827.591 5471.27
10,530.28 1,755.05
Energy Use Assessment 5
-------
Energy Use Assessment Tool
The Tool also assists in detailing lighting and HVAC in each building. Comparison of
lighting density may highlight areas of energy inefficiency.
Four F40T12 4' 40W Fluorescent La
Room 1 Name Conference Room
Room 1 Lighting (Main Lighting only - Do not include task lights)
Select up to 6 Light Fixture
Light Type 1
Light Type 2 Select Light Fixture
Light Type 3 56,601 Light Fixture
Light Type 4 Seled Li0ht Fixture
Light Type 5 Light Fixture
Other Type: Name
: Watts
Area
600 Ft2
175 Watts
16
Total Watts
Total Watts
Total Watts
Total Watts
Total Watts
Total Room Wattage (W)
2,800 W
Room Lighting Power Density (LPD)
4.67 W/ft2
System Type
Equipment Type
Equipment
Description
Motor Size
(hp)
Motor
Efficiency
i
Non Process HVAC
Co mi pressor t
Air Conditioner
3
88%
Non Process HVAC
Fan v
HVAC
5
86%
Non Process HVAC
Select Equipment ~
Non Process HVAC
Select Equipment ~
Non Process HVAC
Select Equipment
Non Process HVAC
Select Equipment t-
Compiling the data of motor sizes, efficiencies and operating schedules into one place
gives systems the ability to quickly assess opportunities for energy management of each
area of the plant and determine whether it is more appropriate to replace equipment with
newer technology or to instead change specific operational features of particular
equipment.
Estimated Annual WWTP Electric Use & Cost 374 89
1,979,925
$200,368
1
88.07%
Actual Annual WWTP Electric Use & Cost
2,248,000
$227,497
Difference Between Billed and Identified
-268,075
-$27,129
Percent of Site Electrical Energy Identified
88.07%
ige
lie
kW)
Estimated
Annual
En rgy Use
(k\ *tiJyr)
Estimated
Annual
Operating
Costs (S/Yr)
Estimated
Percent of Site
Electric Use &
Cost (*)
11%865
S11,321
4.98%
Non Process HVAC
-
Other kW Loac
Jll All Site HVAC
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
8,760
100.00%
7.36
64,3^4
$6,525
2.87%
X
Influent Pumping
-1
Pump
~ 1 Infl Pump Station
25
88.0 %
20
17
4,700
85.00%
18.01
84,667,
. $8,568
$3,831
3.77%
X
Primary Treatment
-II
Blower
~ 1 Grit Blowers
7.5
89.0 % 8
5.5
8,760
68.75%
4.32
37,861
1.68%
N
X
x
Primary Treatment
-II
Blower
'1 Channel Blower
10
88.0 %
10.5
68
8,760
64.76%
5.49
48.093
\ $4,867
2.14%
Secondary Treatment
-II
Blower
Jll Secondy Blowers
200
91.0 %
225
185
8,760
82.22%
134.81
1.180,921
S%l 9.509
52.53%
%
Secondary Treatment
-)
Blower
zl Secondy Blowers
200
91.0 %
225
185
450
82.22%
134.81
60,664
$11139
2.70%
J
I
I
/
-1
Pump
zJ WAS Pumps
7.5
86.0 % 8
4
1.460
50.00%
3.25
4,749
$TO1 0,21%
Fixeon^i Treatment
Anaerobic Option
Anaerobic Digestion
-1
Pump
Jll R.Tower Pumps
60
91.0 %
65
36!
8.760
55.38%
27.24
238,639
$24,15\
10.62%
-:
Pump
_zJ Sludge Recir Pump
5
85.0 %
6
5I
8,760
83.33%
3.66
32,034
$3,242
^ 1.43%
2.48%
Mixer
Jll Gas Mixer
10
88.0 %
12
9
8.760
75.00%
6.36
55,696
$5,636
Anaerobic Digestion
_-J
Loac
zJ Mixer Heater
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2,500
100.00%
7.20
18,000
$1,822
\ 0.80%
Effluent Pumping/Storag - j
Pump
_ll Effluent Pumps
7.5
91.0 %
8
6|
4.416
75.00%
4.61
20,363
$2,061
^91%
Internal Plant Pumping
-1
Other kW Load
Nv
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.380
75.00%
5.00
21,900
$2,216
0.9^,
x
Add Row
N
Estimated Annual WWTP Electric I
se & Cost
374.89
1,979,925
$200,368
88.07%
X
Actual Annual WWTP Electric Use & Cost
2,248,000
$227,497
X
Difference Between Billed and Identified
-268,075
-$27,129
Percent of Site Electrical Energy Identified
88.07%
6 Energy Use Assessment
-------
Establish an Energy Baseline
An energy baseline is developed by measuring and documenting
your energy usage and costs at a specific time. This establishes
a reference point for evaluating the effectiveness of future
changes in process and equipment.
To establish a baseline you will collect utility bills and the operating data of process
equipment, HVAC equipment and lighting.
The more information that's collected will produce a better baseline, but do not get
frustrated "completing" the baseline because you do not have everything collected. What i
a good amount to cover?
One to two years of utility bills are a good start for an initial baseline. If more
can be provided (up to five years), additional opportunities can be discovered in
repeating bill trends.
Accounting for 80-90% of the electric load is ideal, after totaling each piece of
equipment's electric energy.
An operation schedule is just as important as energy use and efficiency
data. If possible capture daily information about how long and at what times the
equipment is operated. Also note what factor(s) may influence the schedule (e.g.,
is it driven by demand, the process or an arbitrary schedule? Are these factors
adjustable?)
Tips to Establish a Baseline
Break the process up into palatable slices ahead of time.
Evaluate a new room or process every couple of days.
Focus on the big energy users first: motors 10 hp or greater, major HVAC
equipment and significant groups of lighting.
After filling out equipment information in the Tool you will see what percentage of
the billed energy usage you have documented.
If this percentage is low or you have more time, go through and evaluate smaller
equipment until you have reached a percentage you are comfortable with.
Again, check the percentage of the billed energy usage you have accounted for
prior to running the numbers.
Energy Use Assessment
-------
What Exactly Am I Collecting?
You will be collecting the operating data of the
facility's equipment to feed into the Energy Use
Assessment Tool.
Energy Load & Operating Schedule
You want to collect the energy load and the
operating schedule for major equipment to
determine its energy consumption.
Sub-metering
If your facility has sub-metering after the initial utility
company meter, collect this information to quickly
identify where your energy is being used.
Equipment Consumption
To estimate equipment energy consumption you will
collect equipment nameplate data. The Tool will
show you how to easily calculate energy
consumption.
The Tool will estimate your plant's electricity consumption from motors
by utilizing their current operating load as compared to its rated load.
Collect the nameplate Full Load Amperage (FLA) information. If a motor does not have
this information, the Tool will estimate its energy from its horsepower.
If your site has trained and authorized personnel, have them measure the current with an
amperage (Amp) meter.
Note that this reading may fluctuate slightly throughout the day from varying
loads.
A motor typically operates at a current (i.e., amperage) lower than its rated FLA.
If an amperage reading is not available, then the Tool will use a default 75% load
factor as an acceptable estimate.
Note: To save you time, the Tool will only estimate electric use for motors based on
horsepower or current load factors. The Tool does not include voltage and power factor as
these values typically do not vary and the additional time and effort to collect and enter this
information is not required for entry in the Tool,
Motors -
horsepower output (hp),
motor efficiency (%),
full load amperage (FLA)
Electrical equipment -
watts (W) or
kilowatts (kW)
8 Energy Use Assessment
-------
Review Your Calculated Metrics
As you are filling out your baseline pay attention to a coupie of metrics which will be
calculated by the Tool:
Note the percentage consumption for each system compared to the site's total
energy. (The WTP Energy Usage tab or the WWTP Energy Usage tab)
Note the utility's monthly energy consumed per gallon of water or wastewater
treated. This is your plant's energy utilization. (Summary Report tab)
Note that a utility that has equipment which is rightly sized for its treatment flows
will tend to have fairly consistent energy utilizations from month to month.
Note that utilities which have opportunities for improved equipment sizing may
have greatly varying utilization from month to month.
The point of the initial audit/baseline is to get a genera! understanding
of what the big energy consumers are.
Identify the areas where you can get good value for making improvements by;
Focusing on assets consuming the most energy. It is important to not get lost
in the little things when developing the initial baseline. You can spend incredible
amounts of time trying to capture every tiny piece of equipment and every little
detail of each piece of equipment, but a perfect model of your facility is not the
goal of the baseline.
The point of the baseline involves working in some generalities, rough numbers,
industry averages and rules of thumb. As you gain more experience the
generalities become more evident, but realize you want quality numbers, but
you do not need to waste time chasing perfection.
After "
-------
Baseline Evaluation
Which systems are dominating your energy consumption?
The results can sometimes be surprising. Assets that you did not expect to be a large
energy user may be identified as top energy use systems. This may be due to a large
number of smaller assets with long operating hours. Examples include lighting or
ventilation equipment. These can collectively contribute to a larger than expected
percentage of energy usage.
Where should I focus my improvement efforts first?
Systems that consume a large percentage of the total energy consumption are those
you want to initially focus your improvement efforts. If a vendor is recommending higher
efficiency equipment, you can use the Tool's electrical balance to compare and
contrast the potential impact to the site.
Will an improvement actually affect my bottom
Consider a scenario, a vendor approaches you with a 20% more
efficient pump, which sounds great, but do you use that pump
enough for the efficiency increase to save you energy and money?
Once a baseline is developed then you will be able to more easily
determine if an energy savings idea will actually affect the bottom
line.
Energy bill usage trends can also provide
opportunities for improvement.
Seasonal increases are expected, but drastic swings could point to a greater issue in
HVAC or process design.
Increases in energy use per gallon of water or wastewater treated can show that aging
major equipment is oversized or becoming ineffective.
line?
10 Energy Use Assessment
-------
What Will a Baseline Ultimately Do?
Having an organized baseline laid out in front of you can
cause obvious improvements to become apparent that you
may have never considered.
You may be shocked by what percentage of your energy use is consumed by lighting,
digester pumps, etc.
A baseline allows you to quickly see the impact of changes
to your budget.
Modifying your baseline to include new equipment being installed as part of a new
process or expansion will quickly allow you to see the impact on the annual operating
budget beyond the initial installation costs.
Having a baseline will help make day-to-day
decisions easier.
The baseline can quickly be changed to see how replacing a piece of equipment may
affect operating costs. It may be cheaper in one year's time to buy and install a new
premium efficiency motor than to operate and maintain an older unit.
If the modified baseline shows a savings, use it as documentation to get approval for
purchasing the new equipment.
You are converting a garage to a chemical storage
area, but it needs heat and ventilation. What is the
potential impact of this change to your annual
operating budget? You can use the Tool to enter the
cut sheet data for the exhaust fan and electric unit
heaters with expected run hours per year to determine
the potential energy cost impact per year.
Energy Use Assessment 11
-------
Next Steps Opportunities for
Improvement
1. Prioritize further investigation of opportunities to
reduce your energy use.
With energy evaluations the first goal is to find the "low hanging fruit." These are
the changes to your operations or equipment that are cheap and/or quick to
implement.
At first, focus on discovering
opportunities for energy
savings on the assets with the
largest energy consumption;
that is where your biggest
savings can be made.
Once you have entered your
information to a reasonable
accuracy and create your energy
usage baseline, you can identify
where the majority of energy is
being used.
As time permits, work down to
progressively smaller assets until you have
the "Balance of Plant Unidentified" as low
of a value as possible. Focus on assets that
run for long hours.
12 Energy Use Assessment
-------
Next Steps Opportunities for
Improvement
Do not ignore lighting and HVAC as these areas have had
recent technological improvements. Even an one-for-one
replacement can provide great energy savings, sometimes
at very low payback costs. Also, compare room lighting
power densities as a first step to potentially identify where
areas of the plant may be over lit.
Look to make operational changes before
capital changes as these can often be at no cost.
Sometimes simple operation or technological changes can greatly reduce run
time and cut large portions of energy consumption.
I
2. Determine operational improvements
to reduce energy use.
Time is money when it comes to energy consumption
and run time is a large factor in the amount of energy an
asset uses. Changing operational procedures and
schedules could reduce overall costs.
Shutting equipment down rather than leaving it idle
during long periods of inactivity is an easy operator or
programming change. Look for process equipment that is
left on during non-processing periods or lighting and
heating that are left on when a building is vacant.
Ask yourself if you can operate this
equipment during non-peak electricity hours
when the $/kW or $/kWh is lower?
&
Making these
changes can provide
great savings at little
to no cost.
KILOWATTHOURS
, // / / I M \ "A°\
Energy Use Assessment 13
-------
Next Steps Opportunities for
Improvement
Stagger equipment startup and the number of large pieces running
simultaneously to avoid costly demand charges.
Electrical bills typically have Peak Demand charges which can be 25-50% of
the plant's total electric bill. That means the more electric load the site
consumes at one time, the larger the fee. Such peak demand is often carried
over for months or years after it occurs. Starting or running multiple pieces of
large equipment simultaneously multiplies the demand spike and your
electricity bill.
Therefore, staggering equipment (such as those with
cyclical operation) may reduce the system's peak
demand and greatly reduce electrical fees.
Consult your utility rate schedule and/or utility representative to determine
your plant's demand interval (e.g., 15 minutes, 30 minutes) to be sure you are
making adjustments within the necessary time periods required by your rate
schedule.
3. Determine equipment improvements to reduce energy
use.
What technology is being used currently versus new alternatives that are
available?
Do we need new equipment or can we retrofit existing equipment?
For buildings with no to low occupancy, lighting may be
retrofitted with motion sensors. Also, depending on area
ventilation requirements, ventilation fans may be
retrofitted with controls that turn them down based on
occupancy sensor or timer based devices.
14 Energy Use Assessment
-------
Next Steps Opportunities for
Improvement
Compare current technology and equipment to alternatives that are higher
efficiency. Ask yourself, what is the opportunity cost?
Lighting upgrades can result in large increases in efficiency. Payback results
can be under a year or two.
Lighting and HVAC can often be oversized for the plant; however, it is
important to consult an engineer who is an expert in regulations and safety
before making fixture, lamp, ballast, quantity, heating, cooling, ventilation or
control changes.
Should you get new equipment?
Gather capital, operating, and maintenance costs for new equipment and compare
that to your existing operating costs. This is where you want to double check that
you are accurately evaluating your existing equipment's energy usage.
Don't get overly confident in theoretical claims. Actual results may not fully
reach their manufacturer's claimed efficiencies.
Replacing equipment that runs continuously will generally pay back faster
than intermittently used equipment.
Remember that you can have two identical pumps but different motors and
net energy consumption. (The motors may be of different ages or different
efficiencies.)
- Once high energy use equipment is identified, then analyze its efficiency.
- Can you turn existing waste into profit (e.g., Can digester gas be utilized for
fuel in your boilers or a micro turbine)?
- See if there any local or federal programs that will assist in funding capital
improvements for increasing your energy efficiency.
Determine if your buildings and outdoor equipment are properly insulated.
Improving insulation thickness, type and condition can dramatically decrease
energy waste.
Energy Use Assessment 15
-------
Next Steps Opportunities for
Improvement
4. Use the Tool to compare and contrast energy impacts
(reductions or increases) from contemplated
equipment upgrades or technology changes.
Save another copy of the Energy Use Assessment Tool to alter for hypothetical
site changes. Change the baseline equipment listed in the Tool with different
lighting types, more efficient equipment, or different operating schedules to see
the possible yearly savings instantly. Note that these are estimates and there
will always be differences in the actual utility savings.
Equipment Inventory: Breakdown of Electrical Energy Use
for Major / Energy Intensive Equipment
Major Process/Top Energy Use
Motor Efficiency
Efficiency Rating
Electric Energy Use
Electric Energy Use
Electric Energy
Systems
[%)
(%)
(kWh)
Cost ($)
Chemical Mix and Feed
Blower - Blower 1
65
Low
0.29%
6,427
$650.42
Blower - Blower 2
65
Low
0.29%
6,427
$650.42
Clarification
Mixer - Rapid Mixer
78
Low
2.12%
47,566
$4,813.71
Mixer -Tk Mixers Summer
9.6
Low
11.69%
262,707
$26,585.93
Decarbonation
Mixer - Decarb Mixer 1
SS
Medium
1.13%
25,364
$2,566.84
5. Use the Tool to confirm energy impacts (reductions or
increases) as operational or equipment modifications
or replacements are completed.
Keep the Energy Use Assessment Tool up-to-date as changes are made to the
system and see the impact to utility consumption and provide a baseline for
further work.
16 Energy Use Assessment
-------
Next Steps Opportunities for
Improvement
6. Seek detailed engineering insight.
Process opportunities might exist beyond improving motor efficiencies and one-
for-one upgrades. Seeking a detailed engineering analysis of the system's
largest energy consuming processes could reveal new technologies or
alterations to the original design that can reduce energy consumption.
7. Utilize the Summary Report.
Provide a focused snapshot of the past and current energy utilization at the
plant each month.
Review trends to compare and contrast energy use and costs from month to
month, season to season, and year to year.
Electric Utilization vs. Water Treated
10/201 11/201 12/201
7/2010 8/2010 9/2010
1/2011 2/2011 3/2011 4/2011 5/2011 6/2011
Electric Energy Utilization 2,017 1,980 1,895 1,855 1,871 1,791 1,753 1,766 1,608 1,628 1,835 1,941
WaterTreated
Months
8. Use the Tool to track site energy.
Confirm use and cost impacts from operational and equipment improvements
(and make sure these savings are captured each month).
- Identify quickly when use and/or costs have increased.
- Show where there may be system limitations at the plant requiring further
analysis (e.g., where equipment is oversized and doesn't allow the plant to
right size energy use as treatment volumes increase and decrease).
Energy Use Assessment 17
-------
Resources
Getting Through an Energy Audit
EPA's EnergyStar Portfolio [www.energystar.gov/benchmarkl
Understanding Your Electric Bill
[http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/sustain/upload/Understanding-Your-Electric-Bill.pdf1
How to Hire an Energy Auditor
[www.energv.ca.gov/reports/efficiencv handbooks/400-00-001 C.PDF1
Energy Action Plans and Request for Proposals (RFPs)
EPA's Ensuring a Sustainable Future: Energy Management Guidebook for Wastewater and
Water Utilities
[www.epa.gov/waterinfrastructure/pdfs/guidebook si energymanagement.pdf].
Consortium for Energy Efficiency RFP Guidance for Water-Wastewater Projects
[www.ceel ,org/ind/mot-svs/ww/rfp/index.php31
5 Steps to Successful Energy Performance Contracting
[www.energyservicescoalition.org/resources/5steps.htm1
Best Practices
Water and Wastewater Energy Best Practice Guidebook
[www.werf.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplav.cfm&
C0NTENTID=102451
NYSERDA Water & Wastewater Energy Management Best Practices Handbook
[www.nvserda.nv.gov/Page-Sections/Commercial-and-lndustrial/Sectors/Municipal-Water-
and-Wastewater-Facilities/~/media/Files/EERP/Commercial/Sector/Municipalities/best-
practice-handbook, ashxl
Saving Water & Energy in Small Water Systems
[http://watercenter.montana.edu/training/savingwater/default.htm1
18 Energy Use Assessment
-------
Resources
A Closer Look at Pumps
Pump System Assessment Tool (PSAT)
[wwwl .eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/software psat.htmll
Pump System Improvement Modeling Tool (PSIM)
[www.pumpsvstemsmatter.org/content detail.aspx?id=1101
Improving Pump System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry
[wwwl .eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/pdfs/pump.pdf1
A Closer Look at Motors
DOE factsheet Determining Electric Motor Load and Efficiency
[wwwl .eere.energy.gov/industrv/bestpractices/pdfs/10097517.pdf1
U.S. DOE Motor Challenges Program
[wwwl .eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/techpubs motors.htmII
Water Efficiency
U.S. EPA WaterSense [www.epa.gov/watersensel
American Water Works Association (AWWA) Water Audit Software
[http://www.awwa.org/resources-tools/water-knowledge/water-loss-control.aspx1
Green Energy
U.S. EPA Green Power Partnerships [www.epa.gov/greenpower1
U.S. DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse [www.eere.energy.govl
Saving Water & Energy in Small Water
[http://watercenter.montana.edu/training/savingwater/default.htm1
Energy Use Assessment 19
-------
Resources
Funding
DWSRF Green Project Reserve Guidance
[www.epa.state.il.us/water/financial-assistance/publications/green-proiect-reserve-
guidance.pdfl
DWSRF Contacts by State [www.epa.gov/ogwdw/dwsrf/nims/dwagency2.pdf1
Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE) [www.dsireusa.org1
Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)
[wwwl .eere.energv.gov/femp/financing/energyincentiveprograms.html1
U.S. Department of Energy
S Save Energy Now Program is an initiative to reduce industrial energy intensity.
Companies can participate in no-cost energy assessments.
[wwwl .eere.energv.gov/industrv/saveenergynow/assessments.html1
S Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program (EECBG)
[wwwl .eere.energy.gov/wip/eecbg.html1
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
S Rural Energy for America Program Grants/Energy Audit and Renewable
Energy Development Assist (REAP/EA/REDA)
[www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/REAPEA.html.
S Rural Development through the Rural Energy for America Program
Guaranteed Loan Program (REAP LOAN)
[www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/9006loan.htm1
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Rural Assistance Center (RAC)
[www.raconline.org/funding1
20 Energy Use Assessment
-------
Questions?
Contact us at
EneravUseTooKcbeoa. gov
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
DRINKING
WATER
ACADEMY
------- |