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KpaTKoe oiiiicaHiie
3aKOHa o hhctom eo^Ayxe
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flapK MccneAOBaTenbCKoro TpeyronbHMKa (Research Triangle Park), niTaT CeBepHaa KaponnHa anpenb 2007 r.
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fljiH Hero HyaceH iakon o hhctom Bowyxe 2
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npo/tepaoiTecb Bcero HecraajibKO MHHyT.
B cpeflHeM Kaacflbiii H3 Hac BflbixaeT 6oJiee
3000 raJiJioHOB (okojio 11350 jihtpob)
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3arpa3HeHHe Bosgyxa HaHOCHT ymep6 sflamiaM, naMaTHHKaM
h cTaryaM. Oho He TOJibKO yMeHbinaex BHflHMOcTb b
HaqHOHajibHbiX napKax h ropo^ax, ho flaace MeinaeT paSoTe
aBHaijHH.
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oKpyxaioineH cpeflbi (AOOC CILIA) h npHHaJi 3aKOH
o ihctom Bosayxe, npe/tocTaBHB cjie/iepaJibHOMy
npaBHTenbcTBy nojiHOMOina no npoBeaeHHio MeponpnaTnii
no otincTKe B03flyxa b CIIIA. C Tex nop AOOC BMecTe c
npaBHTejibCTBaMH inTaTOB n nJieMeH, opraHaMH mBcthoto
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nporpaMMbi, npHHijHnbi n MeTOflbi 3aKOHa o hhctom B03flyxe.
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k oacoraM rjiaa n Hoca. Oh MoaceT pas/ipaacaTb ropjio h
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MoaceT SHa^HTeJibHO yxyfluiHTbca.
3arpa3HeHHe B03flyxa MoaceT TaioKe
yeyrySjiaTb npo6jieMbi co 3/topoBbeM
y noacHJibix JnofleM n flpyrHx jiKjfleii,
CTpaflaiomnx 3a6oneBaHHaMH cep^ija
hjih flbixaTejibHbix nyreii.
flpyrne 3arpa3HaK3inHe BemecTBa npoHHKaroT b BepxHHe
cjioh aTMOC(j)epbi, Bbi3bmaa HCTOHqeHHe 3amHTHoro
030H0B0T0 cnoa. 3to yxe npHBejio k H3MeneHHaM b
OKpyacaronjeii cpefle h pe3KOMy yBeJimeHHio cJiynaeB paKa
KO>KH H KaTapaKTbl (TpaBMbI TJia3).
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cpefle. ToKcmHbie 3arpa3HHTeJiH BOSflyxa h XHMH^ecKHe
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cjioh 030Ha, MoryT HaHecTH ymep6 flepeBbaM,
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aeHb 3arpa3HeHHe B03^yxa CTaHOBHTca npn^HHOH Tbiora
3a6oneBaHHH, H3-3a KOTopbix uro^H He MoryT xo^HTb Ha pa6oTy
hjih yqe6y. 3arpa3HeHne B03/iyxa TaioKe e>Kero/iHO CHH>KaeT
ypO>KaHHOCTb CejlbCKDX03aHCTBeHHbIX KyjlbTyp H KOMMep^eCKHH
npnpocT neca. CyMMapHbin ymep6 HaeqHTbiBaeT MHJMHap/ibi
aonnapoB.
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ypoBeHb 3arpa3HeHna B03flyxa, 4to npuBeno k
3Ha4MTenbH0My yny^LueHMK) 3flopoBba 4enoBeKa m
COCTOflHMfl OKpy>KaK)LL|eM cpeflbl b CLUA.
C 1970 rofla
• coflep>KaHMe LuecTM 4acT0 BCTpe4aK)ii|nxca
3arpa3HMTenew B03flyxa yMeHbiunnocb 6onee
4eM Ha 50 npoi_\eHTOB,
• BbifleneHne b B03flyx tokcmhhnx
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70 npoi_\eHTOB,
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noBbiiuaTbca, a TaioKe
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9
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ropo^oM floHopa b niTaTe neHCHJibBaHna
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/IHeH, cTano npHHHHOH CMepTH 20 qenoBeK
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npoBO/iHHKOB, HflymHX Bnepe/iH c (jioHapaMH.
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33KOHOB niTaTOB, b tom ifflcne nepBOHaqajibHaa pe^aKijHa
3aKOHa o hhctom B03/iyxe 1963 ro^a, KOTopaa ycTaHOBHJia
Bbi^eneHHe (jwHaHCHpoBaHHa Ha HccneaoBaHHa h OHHCTKy
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KoHrpece eo3aan AOOC h bo3jio>khji Ha Hero raaBHyro ponb
b HcnojiHeHHH 3aKOHa. C 1970 ro^a AOOC OTBe^aeT 3a
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CTpaHe.
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paemnpnn aencTBne 3aKOHa o hhctom B03^yxe, npeaocTaBHB
AOOC eme 6onee mnpoxne nojiHOMO^na no BHeapeHHro h
o6eenet!eHHK) co6jiK3aeHHa HopM no eoKpameHHro Bbi6poeoB
3arpa3HaK3mHX BemecTB b aTMoe(j)epy. B nonpaBKax k 3aKOHy
1990 ro^a noBbimeHHoe BHHMaHne TaioKe y^eneHO 6onee
peHTa6enbHbiM MeTo^aM eoKpameHHa 3arpa3HeHHa B03^yxa.
Pojih h oSjnaHHOCTH corjiacHO 3aKOHy
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aencTBHe KOToporo pacnpocTpaHaeTea Ha Bero CTpaHy. BMecTe
e TeM, niTaTbi, nueMeHa h MecTHbie opraHbi BJiacTH npoBo^aT
6ojibmyro pa6oTy no BbinojiHeHnro Tpe6oBaHHH 3aKOHa.
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e KOMnaHHaMH b ijenax CHnxeHHa ypoBHa 3arpa3HeHna
B03^yxa. Ohh TaioKe paecMaTpHBaroT h oao6paroT 3aaBJieHna
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h MecTHbix opraHOB BJiacTH no cHn>KeHHK) 3arpa3HeHH5i uomy.va.
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a TaioKe npeaoCTaBJiaa (jmHaHcnpoBaHne fljia noBbimeHHa
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pemeHna npo6jieM 3arpa3HeHHa, KOTopbie Tpe6yioT 6onee
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>KHjiHmHbix ycnoBHax n cxeMax nepeaBH>KeHHa, a TaioKe
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aBapMM. CoBeT no XMMMHecKOM 6e3onacHOCTM co6MpaeT
MHcf)opMaL(MK), Heo6xoflMMyK) flna onpefleneHMa Toro, KaK
m noneMy npoM30iuna aBapMfl, CB33aHHaa c Bbi6pocoM
TOKCMHHblX XMMMHeCKMX BeLLjeCTB. L4enb 3aKHK)HaeTCa B
TOM, HT06bl MCn0Hb30BaTb C06paHHyK) 0 npOMCLLieCTBMflX
MHcf)opMaL(MK) flna npeflOTBpaii(eHMa flpyrMX
npOMCLUeCTBMM, CB33aHHblX C TOKCMHHbIMM XMMMHeCKMMM
BeLLjeCTBaMM.
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3aKOH o tiHCTOM B03^yxe Tpe6yeT npoBe^eHHa pa^a
HccneaoBaHHH, npH3BaHHbix noMo^b AOOC Jiy^me
oxapaKTepH30BaTb pncKH j\jix 3aopoBba qenoBeKa
h OKpyxaromeii cpe^bi, CBa3aHHbie c tokch^hmmh
3arpa3HHTenaMH B03^yxa. 3th HccneaoBaHHa npe^ocTaBJiaroT
HH(j)opMaijHK) rjix pa3pa6oTKH npaBHJi h noxaTca b ocHOBy
HaijHOHajibHbix h MecTHbix Mep no ycTpaHeHnro pncKOB, b
qacTHOCTH nporpaMM npeaoTBpameHna 3arpa3HeHna n apyrnx
ao6poBOJibHbix nporpaMM. K qncny 3thx HHnijHaTHB no
CHH>KeHHK) pncKOB OTHOcaTca cueayromne:
¦ KoMnneKCHaa CTpaTerna 6opb6bi c TOKcn^HbiMn
3arpa3HHTejiaMH B03^yxa b ropo^ax BKuro^aeT b ce6a
pernoHajibHbie n panoHHbie HHnijHaTHBbi no coKpameHnro
MecTHbix Bbi6pocoB TOKCHtfflbix BemecTB b aTMOc(j)epy.
Ochobhoh ijejibro CTpaTernn aBJiaeTca CHnxeHne pncKOB j\jix
3aopoBba HaceneHHa, CBa3aHHbix KaK c BHyTpeHHHMn, TaK n
C BHemHHMH HCTOHHHKaMH BemeCTB, 3arpa3HaK3mHX B03^yx.
Eonee noapo6Haa HH(j)opMaijHa aocTynHa no a^pecy www.
epa.gov/ttn/atw.
¦ IlporpaMMa «Eojibmne Bo^bi» BKJiKwaeT b ce6a MeponpnaTna
no HCCJieaOBaHHK) H CHH>KeHHIO OTHO>KeHHH TOKCHtfflblX
3arpa3HHTejien aTMoe(j)epbi b «Eojibmnx Boaax», k KDTopbiM
OTHoeaTca HecannKCKnn 3ajinB, 03epo IHaMnnenH,
BenHKne 03epa, TeppnTopnn HaijnoHajibHon nporpaMMbi
no scTyapnaM, a TaiOKe HaijnoHajibHbie 3anoBeaHHKH no
H3ytieHHK) 3CTyapneB. ^onojiHHTejibHyio HH(J)opMaunio cm.
Ha www.epa.gov/glnpo.
¦ HHHijHaTHBbi, HanpaBJieHHbie Ha coKpameHHe Bbi6pocoB
ctohkhx 6HoaKKyMyjiHpyromHX tokch^hmx BemecTB (CET),
TaKHX KaK pTyTb, flflT (necTHijHa, 3anpemeHHbiH b CIIIA) h
aHOKCHHbl.
3amHTa CTpaToc^epHoro
030H0B0r0 CJIOH
O3OH MO>KeT 6bITb XOpOmHM HJIH njlOXHM B 33BHCHMOCTH
ot Toro, r^e oh Haxo^HTca. B6jih3h noBepxHOCTH 3eMJiH
npn3eMHbiH 030H aBJiaeTca Bpe^HbiM 3arpa3HHTeneM
B03^yxa. O30H b CTpaToe(j)epe bmcoko Haa 3eMJieH 3amnmaeT
3/iopoBbe qenoBeKa h OKpyxaromyro cpe^y ot Bpe^Horo
ynbTpa(j)HOJieTOBoro H3JiytieHHa CojiHija. 3tot npHpo^HbiH
iiiht nocTeneHHO yHH^TOiKaeTca CHHTeTH^ecKHMH
XHMHKaTaMH. llosTOMy b 1990 ro/iy KoHrpecc ao6aBHJi b
3aKOH o tfflCTOM B03^yxe nojioxeHHa o 3amHTe 030hoboto cnoa
CTpaToe(j)epbi.
O30HOBMH cjtoh CTpaToe(j)epbi — cjioh aTMoe(j)epbi,
pacnono>KeHHbiH Ha BbicoTe ot 16 ao 50 km Haa 3eMJieH,
KOTopoH cny>KHT KaK mHT, 3amHmaa Jiio/xeii h OKpyxaromyro
cpe^y ot Bpe^Horo ynbTpa(j)HOJieTOBoro H3JiytieHHa CojiHija.
O30HOBMH cjioh CTpaToc(j)epbi OT(j)HJibTpoBbiBaeT Bpe^Hbie
cojiHetfflbie Jiytffl, b tom qncjie Tnn cojmetffloro H3JiytieHHa,
Ha3bmaeMbiH ynbTpa(j)HOJieTOM B. CqHTaeTca, ^to B03^eHCTBHe
yjibTpa(j)HOJieTOBbix Jiyqeii cneKTpa B (YOB) MoxeT npnBecTH
k KaTapaKTe (TpaBMe raa3) n paKy ko>kh. Y^eHbie TaiOKe
ctfflTaroT, hto noBbiineHHbie ao3bi YO-jiyqen cneKTpa B
HeraTHBHO BJinaroT Ha cenbCKOxo3aHCTBeHHbie KyjibTypbi h
>KH3Hb OKeaHHHeCKHX pacTeHHH.
¦
17
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B cepeflHHe 1970-x roflOB yqeHbie o6ecnoKOHJincb, ito
XJiopo(j)TopoyrjieBOflopoati (XOY) MoryT pa3pyiHHTb 030H0Bbin
cjioh CTpaToc(j)epbi. B to BpeMa XOY mnpoKD npHMeHajincb
b KaqecTBe a3po30JibHbix nponeirjieHTOB b noTpe6nTejibCKHX
TOBapax, TaKHX KaK jiaKH aaa bojioc h aesoflopanrbi, a TaioKe b
KaqecTBe xJiaaareHTOB b xojiOflHJibHHKax h KOHflHijHOHepax.
B 1978 ropy npaBHTejibCTBO CILIA 3anpeTHJio Hcnojib30BaHHe
XOY b KaqeCTBe nponeJljieHTOB b 6ojibiHHHCTBe a3po30Jieii.
YqeHbie HafijiKSflawT 3a osoHOBbiM cjioeM crpaTocijiepbi c
1970-x roflOB. B 1980-x roflax yieHbie Haqajin co6npaTb
aoKa3aTeJibCTBa HCTonjeHHa 030HOBoro cjioa. CteoHOBaa flbipa
b paiioHe IO>KHoro noJiioca, Koropaa noaBJiaeTca Ka>KflbiH rOfl
bo BpeMa aHTapKTHHeCKOH 3HMbi (jieTO Ha Hauieft nrapoTe),
no pa3Mepy qacTO 6ojibme KOHTHHeHTajibHon qacra CIIIA.
B nepnofl c 1978 no 1997 rofl y^eHbie SaperncTpnpoBajin
SHatfflTettbHyio noTepio oSohoboto cjioa b CTpaToc(j)epe, paBHyro
5 npoijeHTaM.
Eojiee 190 CTpaH, BKJiioiiaa TaKne KpynHbie npoMbiniJieHHO
pa3BHTbie cTpaHbi, KaK CIIIA, noflnncajm MoHpeaJibCKHH
npoTOKOJi 1987 rofla, KOTopbiii npn3biBaeT k jiHKBiwaijHH
XHMnqecKHx BenjecTB, paspymaromnx o3ohobmh cjioh
CTpaTOccjiepbi. CTpaHbi, noflnHcaBiime npoTOKOJi. o6a3yioTca
OrpaHmHTb npOH3BOflCTBO H HCnOJIbSOBaHHe TaKHX
XHMHqecKHX BemecTB.
3aKOH o tfflCTOM B03^yxe 1990 rofla bo3jio:>khji Ha AOOC
co3flaHne nporpaMM no no3TanHOMy npeKpamemiio
npOH3BOflCTBa H HCn0JIb30BaHHa XHMHHeCKHX BeiqeCTB,
pa3pyinaK>mHx 030H0Bbiii cjioh. B 1996 roay b CIIIA
npeKpanjeHO npoH3Bo/jcTBO mhothx XHMH^ecKHX BenjeCTB,
cnocoSHbix npHHHHHTb caMbiii cepbe3Hbiii Bpefl, TaKHX KaK
XOY raJiOHbi h MeTHJiXJiopocjiopM.
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aBT0M06nnbHblX CMCTeM KOH/1LIMOHL1 pOB3H B03flyxa.
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3tm rry-in Moryr HanecTM Bpefl KaK 3flopoBbio nKj/aeH
TaK m OKpyjKahj^eL'i cpefle.
K coacajieHHio, Ha BoccTaHOBJieHHe 030Hoboto cjioa
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npncyTCTByioT b cTpaToc(j)epe, a TaiOKe BemecTB, KOTopbie
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npoflOJBKaTbca b Teqemie Bcero flecarnjieTHa. 24 ceHTaSpa
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no m.ioiiuuii. paBHbiii 29 MHJDiHOHaM KBaflparabix KHJioMeTpoB
(11.4 mhjijihohob KBaapaTHbix MHUb). B 2006 ro/jy TaiOKe 6biJia
3aMeieHa BTopaa no BejiHHHHe ycTOH^HBaa 030H0Baa flbipa.
3aKOH o ihctom Bosayxe coaep>KHT h flpyrae Mepbi no samnTe
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^ToSbi ohh CTajin 6ojiee «6e3onacHbiMH flna 030hoboto cnoa».
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18
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CTpaTOCCfDepHOrO 030Ha, KOTOpbIM
Hac 3aLqmnaeT.
PaspemeHHH
OflHOH H3 OCHOBHblX HHHIJHaTHB KofflpeCCa, floSaBJieHHOH B
3aKOH o ijhctom B03flyxe b 1990 ro/iy, aBJiaeTca nporpaMMa
BbiflaiH paspeineHHH Ha SKenjiyaTaijHio Kpyrratix
npOMblHIJieHHblX h KDMMepqecKHX oSteKTOB, KOTOpbie
Bbi6pacbmaK)T sarpasHaiomHe BemecTBa b Bosflyx. B
pa3peineHHa Ha SKcnjiyaTaijHio BKJiKraaeTca HH^opMaijHa
o tom, KaKHe 3arpa3HaiomHe BemecTBa Bbi6pacbiBaK>Tca,
Karaoe hx KOJimecTBo MoaceT BbicBo6oamaTbca, h KaKHe
Mepbi floJiaceH npeflnpHHaTb BJiaaeJieii hjih onepaTop
3arpa3Haiomero o6i>eKra, qTo6bi yMeHbmHTb 3arpa3HeHHe.
Pa3pemeHHa flOJiacHbi BKJiKwaTb HjiaHbi no H3MepeHHio h
HHcjiopMHpoBaHHK) o Bbi6pocax 3arpa3HaiOIHHX BemeCTB
b aTMOccjiepy. Pa3pemeHHa Ha 3KcnJiyaraiiHio Bbiaararca
opraHaMH nrraTOB H nJieMeH. Ecjih 3th npaBHTejibCTBa
HeyflOBJieTBOpHTeJibHO BbinoJiHaioT paSory no HcnojiHeHHio
Tpe6oBaHHH 3aKDHa o tfflCTOM BQ3/jyxe, BbiflaHy pa3pemeHHH
MoaceT B33Tb Ha ce6a AOOC.
Pa3pemeHHa Ha. SKcrtJiyaTaijHio oco6eHHO npaKTHHHbi fljia
npeflnpnaTHH, Ha KOTOpbie paenpoCTpanseTea 6ojiee o^hoh
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HHcjiopMaijHa 060 Bcex HCToqHHKax 3arpa3HeHHa B03flyxa
cocpeflOToqeHa b o^hom MecTe. ITporpaMMa BbmaqH
pa3penieHHii ynponjaeT npeflnpHanno noHHMaHHe ero
o6a3aTeJibCTB no oiHCTKe B03flyxa h MoaceT yMeHbuiHTb o&beM
flenonpoH3BOflCTBa. HanpHMep, Ha 3JieKTpoCTaHijHio MoaceT
pacnpocTpaHaTbca fleiicTBHe pa3/jejioB 3aKOHa o toctom
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06mecTBeHHOCTH flociynHbi fljia 03HaK0MjieHHa Tbica^H
pa3pemeHHH Ha 3KCnJiyaTaijHio. BbiaaHHbie no Been
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k 3thm flOKyMeHTaM o6paTHTecb b rocyflapcTBeHHoe hjih
perHOHaJitHoe BeflOMCTBO no KDHTpojiio 3a 3arpa3HeHHeM
B03flyxa hjih b AOOC.
npe^npnaTHa, KOTOpbie xoTaT nojiywrb pa3peineHHe,
flOJDKHbi onjiaTHTb c6op 3a pa3pemeHHe, TaK ace KaK
Bjiaaejibijbi aBTOMoBHJieii njiaTST 3a perncTpaiiHio
aBTOMo6HJia. 3tot c6op B3HMaeTca 3a pa6oTy no KOHTpojno
3arpa3HeHHa B03flyniHOH cpeflbi, CBa3aHHoro c Bbifla^eH
pa3pemeHHH HasKCnjiyaTaijHio.
KoHTpojib sa coojiro/ieHiieiM 3aK0Ha
3aKOH o qncTOM B03/iyxe HageJiaeT AOOC BaacHbiMH
nojiHOMO^HaMH no KOHTpojno 3a HcnojiHeHHeM 3aKOHa.
B npoilijioM AOOC 6mJio TpyflHO oniTpacjioBaTb KOMnaHHio
3a HapyineHHe 3aKOHa o ^ihctom B03ayxe: AreHTCTBO 6bijio
BbiHyacfleHO o6pamaTbca B cya aaace npn HeSHa^iHTejibHbix
HapymeHHax. rionpaBKH k 3aKDHy 1990 ro^a yBejiHiHJiH
nojiHOMOtiHa AOOC no KOHTpojno 3a HcnojiHeHHeM 3aKOHa,
pacmnpHB flHana30H HMeiomnxca rpaaQiaHCKHX h yrojioBHbix
caHKijHH. B ijeJioM, ecJiH AOOC ycTaHOBHT, ito npoH3onuio
HapymeHHe, BeflOMCTBO MoaceT H3flaTb npHKa3, Tpe6yiomHH
ot HapyniHTejia eb6jiiOHeHHa Tpe6oBaHHH 3aKOHa, BbinycTHTb
npHKa3 06 aflMHHHCTpaTHBHOM B3bICKaHHH (HCn0JIb30BaHHe
aflMHHHCTpaTHBHbix nojiHOMO^iHit fljia npHHyameHHa
HapyniHTena k ynJiaTe HiTpa(j)a) hjih noflaTb rpaacflaHCKHH
cyae6HbiH hck (no^aTb Ha HapyniHTejia B cya).
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3aKOHa npe/iocTaBJisioT o6mecTBeHHOCTH B03M0>KH0CTb BJiHSTb
Ha to, KaK BbinojiHseTcs 33koh .
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npoBO/iSTCs cjiymaHHS b pa3JiHifflbix ropo/iax no Been
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3aMetiaHH>i. Bbi TaioKe MoxeTe no^aBaTb KOMMeHTapHH b
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HMeTb npsMoe BJiHSHHe Ha Barny >KH3Hb h >KH3Hb BameH ceMbH.
3aKOH o tiHCTOM B03^yxe 1990 ro/ia npe/iocTaBJiseT jiio/ism
B03M0>KH0CTb npHHHMaTb Henoepe/iCTBeHHoe ytiacTHe b
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3arps3HeHHS, a b HeKOTopbix ejiyqasx Bbi MoxeTe o6paTHTbcs
b cya c hckom npoTHB BJia/iejibiia hjih onepaTopa HCTOHHHKa
3arps3HeHHS.
OTieTbi, Tpe6yeMbie no 3aKOHy o ^ihctom B03/iyxe 1990
ro/ia, KaK npaBHJio, Haxo^sTcs b o6mecTBeHHOM ziocTyne.
B 3THX OTtieTaX CO^ep>KHTCS 6ojIbIHOH o6l>eM HH(J)OpMaiIHH
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aTMOC(j)epy H flaHHblX MOHHTopHHra MO>KHO 03HaK0MHTbCS no
a/ipecy: www.epa.gov/airtrends.
20
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aBTOMo6njieH MoaceT norpe6oBaTbca HecKOJibKO jieT, npeayje
qeM 6yfleT saMeTen nojiHbin 3<})<|)eKT Bbmoaa H3 3KcnjiyaTaijHH
cTapbix JierKOBbix h rpy30Bbix aBTOMoSnjieii.
Bbi TaioKe Moacexe npoBepsTb KaK oTfleJibHbie o6i>eKTbi
BbinoJiHiiioT Tpe6oBaHHa no oqHCTKe. Bbi6pocbi 3arpa3HaiomHX
BemecTB b aTMoctjiepy Ha oTflejibHbix oSteKiax, Taxnx
KaK 3JieKTpoeTaHi(HH, yica3aHbi b pa3peineHHH o6i>eKTa,
flOCTynHbiM fljia 03HaKOMJieHHa. B 9TQM jjoKyMeirre coflepaorrca
HH(j)opMai(H>i o rocyaapcTBeHHbix, MecxHbix hjih nJieMeHHbix
BeflOMCTBax no 6opb6e c 3arpa3HeHHeM Bosgyxa, KOTopbie
MoryT npeflocTaBHTb 6ojibine HH(J)opMaunH o tom, KaK
nojiyiHTb flocTyn Kpa3pemeHHJiM. (Cm. ct p. 23.)
MoiiHTopHHr Ka^iecTBa B03#yXa — 3TO jiyqniHH cnoco6
onpe/iejlHTb. oiaHOBHTca jih B03flyx 'J muo. noToMy *ito
KDHTpojibHbie npH6opbi cooSmaioT Toiiiyio KomjeHTpaiiHio
3arpa3Haiomero BemecTBa b B03ayxe. Bbi MO>KeTe 3anpocHTb
y AOOC, BeflOMCTB HiTaxa, paiioHa hjih njieMeHH omeTbi no
MOHHTOpHHry. B KQTOpblX npHBefleHbl H3MeHeHM C TOTeHHeM:
BpeMeHH. Ohh qacTo oSHOBJiaioTca, TaK hto Bbi MoaceTe y3HaTb
CBeacyio HH(j)opMai(Hio o coctojihhh B03flyxa b BameM paiioHe.
,ZJjia nojiyneHHa flonojlHHTeJibHOH HH(j)opMaijHH noceTHTe www.
epa.gOv/airtrends
«HHfleKC KaiecTBa B03flyxa» (HKB) — 3to «yflo6HbiH fljia
o6mecTBeHHOCTH» cnoco6 Hcnojn>30BaHHa (jjaKiniecKHX flaHHbix
MOHHTopHHra fljia oughkh Toro, HacKOJibKO HHCTbiM aBJiaeTca
Ham BOSflyX. AMepHKaHIIbl 3HaKOMbI CO MHOTHMH CHHOnTHKaMH,
BbicTynaiomHMH no pa^no, TejieBHfleHHio h b ra3eTax, KOTopbie
paccKa3biBaiOT o HKB, h o tom, *ito B03flyx HacTOJibKO 3arpa3HeH,
HTO B HCM fleHCTByeT «OpaiDKeBbIH KOfl» HJIH «KpaCHbIH KOfl».
ITo HKB OTCJie5KHBaioT 3arpa3Hemie fljia Barnero peraoHa.
L[BeTOBbie KOflbi b flHanasoHe ot 3eJieHoro flo nypnypHO-
KpacHoro, cooTBeTCTByioT onpeaejieHHbiM ypoBHaM 3arpa3HeHHa.
noCKOJIbKy B OTHOHieHHH 3arpa3HaiOIHHX BQ3flyX BemecTB,
OTCJieaaiBaeMbix no HKB, BBeaeHbi B fleiicTBHe nporpaMMbi no
jiHKBHflaijHH 3arpa3HeHHH, mm HafleeMca yBHfleTb CHnaceHHe
KOJimecTBa flHefi, Korfla fleiicTByiOT opaHaceBbin h KpacHbiii KOflbi
KaiecTBa B03flyxa. HH(j)opMai(Ha o HKB flociyima no aapecy:
www.aimow.gov.
HaijHOHajibHaa oi(eHKa tokchihocth Bos^yxa aBJiaeTca
HenpepblBHOH KOMHJieKCHOH OIieHKOH TOKCHHHOCTH B03flyXa B
CIIIA. noceTHTe caiiT www.epa.goY/ttii/atw ftJia 03HaK0MJieHHa
e HH(j)opMai(HeH o Bbi6pocax, pncKe h BOS^eiicTBHH TOKCH^Hbix
BemecTB b B03flyxe b BameM peraoHe.
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Cnoco6bi yMeHbuiHTb
3arpn3HeHHe B03^yxa
erneHH^, KOTOpbie Mbi npHHHMaeM
^eace/jHeBHO, MoryT cnocoGcTBOBarb
yMeHbineHHK) 3arpji3HeHHji B03^yxa. Hnace
npHBe/jeHbi HeKOTOpbie H/jen, KDTOpbie MoryT
noMoqb o^HCTHTb Hani B03^yx.
^oMa
¦ 3KOHOMbTe 3HeprHro: BbnanoqaHTe npH6opbi h CBeT, Kor^a
BblXOflHTe H3 KOMHaTbl.
¦ C^aBaHTe b nyHKTbi npneMa 6yMary, nuacTHK, CTeKJMHHbie
6yTbinKH, KapTOH h ajiioMHHHeBbie 6aHKH. (3to no3BonaeT
SKOHOMHTb 3HepTHK> H COKpanjaTb npOH3BO/ICTBeHHbie
Bbl6pOCbl).
¦ BbinonHaHTe Ha/iJie>Kamee Texo6cny>KHBaHHe /ipoBaHbix
neqefi h k3mhhob. TaioKe cue/iyeT paccMOTpeTb
B03M0>KH0CTb 3aMeHbi CTapbix /ipoBaHbix ne^eM Ha MO/iejiH,
cepTH(j)HijHpoBaHHbie AOOC. IloceTHTe
www.epa. gov/woodstoves.
¦ Bbica>KHBaHTe BOKpyr aoMa HHCTBeHHbie /jepeBba,
o6ecnetfflBaiomHe TeHb jktom, ho nponycKaromne CBeT
3HMOH.
¦ IloKynaHTe «3eneHoe» sjieicTpHqecTBO, npoH3Be/ieHHoe
Ha o6i>eKTax c HH3KHM huh aa>Ke HyueBbiM ypoBHeM
3arpa3HeHHa.
¦ no^KJirotiHTe Hapy>KHoe ocBemeHHe k TaiiMepy huh
Hcnonb3yHTe cojiHe^Hoe ocBeTHTenbHoe ycrpoHCTBO.
¦ CTHpaHTe oae>Kay b TennoH huh xoho^hoh Bo^e BMecTO
ropa^eH.
¦ YcTaHOBHTe 3HatieHHe TeMnepaTypbi 120:F (48,9°C) Ha
TepMOCTaTe BOflOHarpeBaTejia.
¦ Hcnonb3yHTe KpacKH, npoTpaBy, OTaeno^Hbie MaTepnanbi h
Cpe^CTBa RJIX CHATHA KpaCKH C HH3KHM co/iep>KaHHeM JIOC
HJIH Ha BOflHOH OCHOBe.
¦ npoBepbre CBoe >KHJiHme Ha HanH^He pa^oHa: onacHoro,
pa^HoaKTHBHoro ra3a 6e3 3anaxa h BKyca.
Ecjih TecT noKaxeT noBbimeHHbiH ypoBeHb pa^oHa, npo6neMy
MO>KHO pemHTb 3KOHOMHlieCKH 3(j)(j)eKTHBHO. IloceTHTe
epa.gov/radon.
¦ OTKa>KHTecb ot KypeHHA aoMa, oco6eHHO ecuH y Bac ecTb
aeTH. Ecjih BaM huh BaniHM rocraM Hy>KHO KypHTb, to
KypHTe Ha yjiHije. IloceTHTe www.epa.gov/ smokefree.
/I,ejiaHTe pauHOHajibHbie noKynKH
¦ IloKynaHTe H3j\ejmx, H3TOTOBJieHHbie no craH/iapTy
ENERGY STAR, b tom qncne 3Heproc6eperaiomHe
ocBeTHTenbHbie npH6opbi h 6biTOByro TexHHKy. 3to
SKOJiorHHecKH ^HCTbie npH6opbi. flua nonyqeHHa
aononHHTenbHOH HH(j)opMaijHH noceTHTe www.energystar.
gov hjih no3BOHHTe no HOMepy Tene(j)OHa 1-888-STAR-YES.
¦
22
¦ Bbi6npaHTe 3(j)(j)eKTHBHbie, SKOJiorn^Hbie Mo^enH aBTOMo6HJieH.
IloceTHTe www.epa.gov/greenvehicles.
¦ Bbi6npaHTe npo/iyKijHio c MeHbmHM KOJiH^ecTBOM ynaKOBKH,
npHroaHyro j\jix MHoroKpaTHoro Hcnojib30BaHHa.
¦ Xo^HTe 3a noKynKaMH c 3KO-cyMKOH, a He c 6yMa>KHbiMH h
nuacTHKOBbiMH naKeTaMH.
¦ llpHo6peTaHTe nepe3apa>KaeMbie aKKyMynaTopbi j\jix qacro
Hcnonb3yeMbix ycrpoHCTB.
YnpaejiJiHTe aBTOMoSmieM c yMOM
lljiaHHpyHTe cboh noe3/iKH. 3KQHOMbTe 6eH3HH h yMeHbinaiiTe
3arpa3HeHHe B03/iyxa.
¦ lloaflep>KHBaHTe b niHHax Ha^Jie>Kamee /jaBJieHHe h cue^HTe 3a
pa3Ban-cxo>KaeHHeM.
¦ JleTOM 3anpaBJiaHTe TonjiHBHbiH 6aK b Be^epHee BpeMa, Kor^a
He TaK >KapKO, qTo6bi yMeHbmHTb HcnapeHHe. He npojiHBaHTe
6eH3HH h He 3anpaBJiaHTe 6eH3o6aK «noa ropjibiniKO». EIjiotho
saBHHHHBaHTe KpbiniKy 6eH3o6aKa.
¦ CTapaHTecb He >iyiaTb b ^JiHHHbix oqepe^ax cepBHCOB «Ha
xo^y», HanpHMep, y pecTopaHOB 6bicTporo nHTaHHa hjih 6aHKOB.
ElpHnapKyHTe MamHHy h 3aH^HTe b noMemeHHe.
¦ Flo bo3mo>khocth nojib3yHTecb o6mecTBeHHbiM TpaHcnoproM,
xo^HTe neniKOM hjih nepe^BHraHTecb Ha Bejiocnneae.
¦ nepHO^HtiecKH peryjinpyHTe ^BHraTejib h npoxo^HTe TexHH^ecKoe
o6cny>KHBaHHe aBTOMo6HJia (oco6eHHO CBeqeii 3a>KHraHHa).
¦ Hcnonb3yHTe 3Heproc6eperaromee (3C) MOTopHoe Macno.
¦ llonpocHTe pa6oToaaTejia paccMOTpeTb B03M0>KH0CTb nepexo^a Ha
th6khh rpa(j)HK pa6oTbi hjih yaaneHHyro pa6oTy.
¦ Coo6maHTe o ^biMHbix aBTOMo6HJiax b Mecraoe Be^oMCTBO no
3amHTe aTMOc(jiepbi.
¦ floroBapHBaHTecb c apyrHMH aBTOBJia^eJibijaMH, qTo6bi e3^HTb Ha
pa6oTy Ha o^hoh MamHHe.
eamero 3flopoBbH
¦ ExeaHeBHO npoBepaHTe npomo3bi Ka^ecTBa B03^yxa, b KDTopbix
coo6maeTca o tom, HacKOJibKO ^hct hjih 3arpa3HeH B03^yx, h
CBa3aHHbix c 3thm noTeHijHajibHbix 3a6ojieBaHHax. IloceTHTe
www.aimow.gov.
¦ H36aBbTecb ot joMamHHX (jiaKTopoB, npoBoijHpyromHX acTMy
h H36eraiiTe BHemHHX npoBoijHpyromHX (jiaKTopoB. IloceTHTe
CTpaHHuy www.epa.gov/asthma, trro6bi nony^HTb noapo6Hbie
CBe^eHHa o npoBoijHpyromHX acTMy (jiaKTopax h o tom, KaK
H36e>KaTb HX B03aeHCTBHa.
¦ He Haxo^HTecb aojiro Ha cojiHije. HaHOCHTe cojiHije3amHTHbiH
KpeM H HOCHTe COJlHIje3amHTHbie OHKH C 3amHTOH OT
yjibTpa(j)HOJieTOBbix Jiyqeii. HH(j)opMaijHK) o TeKymnx nporao3ax
no yO-H3JiytieHHK) b paiioHe Bamero npo>KHBaHHa cm. Ha caiiTe
www.epa.gov/sunwise/uvindex.html.
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IHraTbi h njieMeHa
KoHTaKTHan nH(l)opiyiaunn
flononHHTenbHyro HH(j)opMaijHK) o opraHax niTaTax h
TeppHTopHanbHbix opraHax no KOHTpouro 3a 3arpa3HeHHeM
B03^yxa mo>kho nonytiHTb Ha caiiTe www.4cleanair.org.
flononHHTenbHyro HH(j)opMaijHK) o nueMeHHbix opraHax no
KOHTpojiio 3a 3arpa3HeHHeM B03^yxa mo>kho nojiytfflTb Ha
canTe www.epa.gov/oar/tribal nun www.ntaatribalair.org.
PemoHajibHbie noapa3aejiem«i
AOOC
PenioH 1
(KoHHeKTHKyT, Msh, MaccaqyceTC, Hbro-r3Mnmnp,
Po/i-AnneH/i, BepMOHT)
1 Congress Street, Suite 1100
Eoctoh, MaccaqyceTC 02114-2023
Tene(j)OH: 888-372-7341 (b npe^enax pernoHa I)
Tene(j)OH: 617-918-1111 (3a npe^enaMH pernoHa II)
CaHT: www.epa.gov/regionl
PenioH 2
(Hbio-,H>KepcH, Hbro-HopK, ny3pTO-PnKO, BnprnHCKHe
OCTpOBa)
290 Broadway, 26th Floor
Hbro-HopK, Hbro-HopK 10007-1866
Tene(j)OH: 212-637-3000
CaHT: www.epa.gov/region2
PenioH 3
(flenaB3p, MspnueH^, lleHCHJibBaHHa, BnprHHHa,
3anaaHaa BnprnHHa, OKpyr KonyM6Ha)
1650 Arch Street
OHJiaaeJibcjiHa, ITeHCHJibBaHHa 19103-2029
Tene(j)OH: 800-438-2474 (b npe^enax pernoHa 3)
Tene(j)OH: 215-814-2100 (3a npeaenaMH pernoHa 3)
CaHT: www.epa.gov/region3
PenioH 4
(Ana6aMa, OnopH^a, fl>Kopa>KH>i, KenryKKH, Mnccncnnn,
CeBepHaa KaponHHa, IO>KHaa KaponHHa, TeHHeccn)
Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth Street, SW
AraaHTa, fl>Kopa>KHa 30303-3104
Tene(j)OH: 404-562-9900
Tene(j)OH: 1-800-241-1754 (6ecnjiaTHbiH)
CaHT: www.epa.gov/region4
PenioH 65
(Hjijihhohc, HH^HaHa, Mn^nraH, MnHHecoTa, Orafio,
Bhckohchh)
77 W. Jackson Boulevard
^InKaro, Hjijihhohc 60604
Tene(j)OH: 800-621-8431 (b npe/iejiax pernoHa 5)
Tene(j)OH: 312-353-2000 (3a npe/iejiaMH pernoHa 5)
CaHT: www.epa.gov/region5
PenioH 6
(ApKaH3ac, JIyH3HaHa, Hbio-MeKCHKO, OiaiaxoMa, Texac)
1445 Ross Avenue, 7th Floor, Suite 1200
flajmac, Texac 75202-2733
Tene(j)OH: 214-665-6444
CaHT: www.epa.gov/region6
PenioH 7
(AfioBa, KaH3ac, Mnccypn, He6pacica)
901 N 5th Street
KaH3ac-CnTH, KaH3ac 66101
Tene(j)OH: 800-223-0425 (6ecnjiaTHbiH HOMep)
Tene(j)OH: 913-551-7003
CaHT: www.epa.gov/region7
PenioH 8
(Konopa^o, MoHTaHa, CeBepHaa flaKOTa, IO>KHaa flaKOTa,
IOTa, BanoMHHr)
999 18th Street, Suite 300
fleHBep, Konopa^o 80202-2466
Tene(j)OH: 800-227-8917 (b npe/iejiax pernoHa 8)
Tene(j)OH: 303-312-6312 (3a npe/iejiaMH pernoHa 8)
CaHT: www.epa.gov/region8
PenioH 9
(ApH30Ha, KajiH(j)opHHa, TaBaHH, HeBa^a h OKeaHHa,
nueMeHHbie Hapo^bi, noanaaaromne no/i flencTBHe
3aKOHoaaTenbCTBa CIIIA)
75 Hawthorne Street
CaH-OpaHijHCKD, KajiH(j)opHHa 94105
Tene(j)OH: 415-744-1500
CaHT: www.epa.gov/region9
PenioH 10
(Ajiacica, Aiiaaxo, OperoH, BamHHrTOH)
1200 6th Avenue
Ch3tji, BamHHrTOH 98101
Tene(j)OH: 206-553-1200
CaiiT: www.epa.gov/regionlO
23
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oEPA
YnpaBJieHHe nnamipOBaHHH h pa3pa6oTKH CTaH^apTOB no KaqecTEy B03,ayxa IlySjiHKaipDi N° EPA-456/K-07-001
IlapK nccjie^oBaTejibCKoro TpeyrojitHHKa (Research Triangle Park), niTaT CeBepHaa KaponnHa anpejib 2007 r
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