TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Pollution Prevention and Waste Management
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) collects information from facilities on the quantities of toxic
chemicals recycled, combusted for energy recovery, treated for destruction, and disposed of or
otherwise released on- and off-site. This information is collectively referred to as production-related
waste managed.
Looking at production-related waste managed over time helps track
progress in reducing waste generated and in moving toward safer
waste management methods. EPA encourages facilities to first
eliminate waste at its source. For waste that is generated, the
preferred management method is recycling, followed by burning for
energy recovery, treating, and, as a last resort, disposing of or
otherwise releasing the waste. These waste management priorities
are illustrated in the waste management hierarchy established by the
Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990. The goal is that, when
possible, facilities will shift over time from disposal or other releases
toward the preferred techniques in the waste management hierarchy.
v>EPA
1 1
A
Source Reduction
/
\!
Recycling
r

Energy Recovery
Treatment
wis*

i

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&EPA
TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Waste Management Trends
Trend by waste management practice
Production-Related Waste Managed, 2003-2013
30,000
25,000
¦o 20,000
3
O
CL
o 15,000
in
£
0
1	10,000
5,000
i Recycled
i Energy Recovery
Treated
i Disposed or Otherwise Released
m
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Year
This figure shows that from 2003 to 2013, production-related waste managed by TRI facilities
declined by 4% from 25.09 to 24.04 billion pounds. Changes over this time period by waste
management method were:
-	Disposal and other releases decreased by 606 million pounds (-13%)
-	Combustion for energy recovery decreased by 551 million pounds (-17%) and
-	Recycling and treatment held steady with each method changing by less than 1%.
Since 2009, production-related waste managed has generally been increasing as the U.S. economy
has improved. Quantities of waste managed in 2013 are similar to what they were six years ago in
2007, with little overall change within any waste management method.
2

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&EPA
TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Waste Management by Industry Sector
Trend in waste managed by industry sector
Production-Related Waste Managed by Industry, 2003-2013
30,000
25,000
I Chemicals
I Primary Metals
I Metal Mining
I Electric Utilities
Food/Beverages/Tobacco
Paper
Petroleum
All Others
20,000
O 15,000
g 10,000
5,000
lllllumi
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Year
This figure shows the seven industry sectors with the most reported waste managed in 2013. The
contribution of each of the top sectors to production-related waste managed has not changed
considerably between 2003 and 2013. For example, the top two sectors by total waste managed in
2013 (chemicals and primary metals) reported over half of waste managed in both 2003 and
2013.
Most industry sectors reported a decline in production-related waste managed from 2003 to 2013
resulting in an overall decrease of 4%. Of the seven sectors shown in the figure, only two increased
their quantity of waste managed since 2003 (metal mining and food/beverages/tobacco).
In the past year, however, four of the seven sectors shown in the figure have increased their waste
managed. Sectors with the greatest increases in wastes from 2012 to 2013 were:
-	Chemical manufacturing, which increased by 856 million pounds (+9% from 2012)
-	Metal mining, which increased by 332 million pounds (+22%)
-	Electric utilities, which increased 109 million pounds (+7%) and
-	Food/beverages/tobacco, which increased by 98 million pounds (+7%).
Generated waste in some industries fluctuates considerably from year to year, due to changes in
production or other factors (e.g., reporting in the mining sector can change significantly based on
changes in the composition of waste rock).
3

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f/EPA
TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
vwvw2.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-program/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Economic trend in production-related waste for the manufacturing sector
Production-Related Waste Managed and Value Added by the Manufacturing Sector,
2003-2013
25
20
V)
~u
c
=* 15
o
Q_
o 10
£0
5 -
I TRI Production-Related
Waste Managed
-Value Added
$500
$2,500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2013
t is also important to consider the influence that production and the economy have on chemical
waste generation. The figure above illustrates how changes in production levels at TRI facilities may
influence production-related waste. It presents the trend in production-related waste managed by
the manufacturing sector and the trend in the manufacturing sector's value added (as shown by the
solid line). "Value added" from the Bureau of Economic Analysis is used as a proxy for production
levels for the manufacturing sector. Value added measures the contribution of manufacturing to
the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which represents the total value of goods and services
produced annually in the United States. While not all of the facilities that report to TRI are in the
manufacturing sector, most are (89% in 2013). The manufacturing sector includes sectors such as
chemical manufacturing, metals processing, and pulp and paper manufacturing, but excludes
mining, electric utilities, and waste management facilities. In 2013, TRI manufacturing facilities
accounted for 80% of the production-related waste managed.
The solid line in the figure shows that value added by the manufacturing sector (adjusted for
inflation) decreased by 4% from 2003 to 2013, while production-related waste managed by the
manufacturing sector decreased by 8%. This graph demonstrates that, because waste is
decreasing faster than production, factors other than production were also contributing to the
reductions in releases. Other factors such as source reduction and pollution prevention (P2)
practices are discussed in the Source Reduction/Pollution Prevention section.
More information on production trends for individual sectors, including the electric utility and metal
mining sectors, which are not included in the manufacturing sector, can be found in the industry
sector profiles.
4

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TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
vwvw2.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-program/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Source Reduction/Pollution Prevention (P2)
Types of newly implemented source reduction
SEPA
Newly Implemented Source Reduction Practices, 2013
Facilities Reporting to TRI Source Reduction Activities Reported


Without Facilities With
Source Source 10%
Reduction: Reduction:
84% 16%
37%
^"\12%
21%
Good Operating Practices Process Modifications ¦ Spill and Leak Prevention
i Raw Material Modifications ¦ Inventory Control ¦ Product Modifications
¦ Cleaning and Degreasing Surface Preparation and Finishing
Note: Facilities report their source reduction activities by selecting from activities that fall into one of the eight
categories listed in the graph legend. "Good operating practices" are defined by four codes in the Reporting Forms and
Instructions, which facilities select when submitting their forms.
This figure shows the types of source reduction activities reported as implemented during 2013. In
2013, a total of 3,362 facilities (16% of ail TRI facilities) reported initiating 10,623 source
reduction activities. Of the source reduction activities implemented, good operating practices is
reported the most at 37%. To learn more about source reduction and pollution prevention, see the
TRI Pollution Prevention webpage.
Facilities may have ongoing source reduction activities initiated in previous years that are not
captured in the figure. You can find data on previously implemented source reduction activities by
using the FRj P2 Search Tool.
5

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TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Methods used to identify newly implemented source reduction activities
Methods To Identify Newly Implemented
Source Reduction Activities, 2013
v>EPA
Materials Balance
Audits: 8%
Vendor
Assistance: 8%
Participative
Team
Management:
34%
Employee: 11%
Internal P2
Audit(s): 18%
Other: 18%
Trade
Association: 1%
External P2
Audit(s): 2%
For each source reduction activity, facilities also provide information about how they identified the
opportunity for source reduction. This figure shows that facilities most frequently identified source
reduction opportunities through participative team management (e.g., team training to identify
process improvements) and internal audits.
6

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&EPA
TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Chemicals with largest percentage decrease in waste managed
Percentage Change in Production-Related Waste Managed and Releases for
Chemicals with Largest Decreases in Waste Managed, 2010-2013
o%
-5%
S -10%
° -15%
v
O
-20%
8, "25%
-30%
u
CL
-35%
-40%
i % Decrease in Production-Related Waste Managed
I % Decrease in Releases
Benzo(g,hJ)perylene
Cobalt and Cobalt
Compounds
Trichloroethylene
Barium and Barium
Compounds
Hydrochloric Acid
Note: Limited to chemicals with at least 25 forms reporting source reduction and 100 total Form Rs in 2013.
This figure shows the five chemicals with the greatest percentage decrease in waste quantities in
recent years (from 2010 to 2013). Decreases in waste management quantities can be caused by
many factors, including changes in production levels or estimation methods. Source reduction
activities implemented by facilities have also played a significant role in reducing waste generation.
The relationship between source reduction, changes in total waste generation, and chemical
releases varies from chemical to chemical.
-	In many cases, reducing the generation of total waste through source reduction also
decreases the amount of chemical ultimately released to the environment. For example,
releases of trichloroethylene (a carcinogen that is released primarily to air) declined by 19%
over the same period that total waste managed declined by 16%.
-	In cases where pollution is already being effectively controlled through management
methods such as treatment and recycling, source reduction may reduce the amount of total
chemical waste but does not significantly decrease chemical releases. For example, cobalt
(another carcinogen) is managed almost exclusively through recycling at TRI facilities. While
the total quantity of cobalt waste decreased by 19%, releases declined by only 2%.
-	Finally, the quantity of releases can decrease at a greater rate than the quantity of total
waste generated. For example, production-related waste of hydrochloric acid decreased by
about 10% while releases decreased by 38%, as facilities switched from releasing
hydrochloric acid to preferred management methods, such as treatment, and also
undertook source reduction activities.
Source reduction activities reported for the five chemicals in this figure are shown in the next figure.
7

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&EPA
TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Types of source reduction activities for chemicals with largest decreases in waste managed
Number of Newly Implemented Source Reduction Activities for Top Chemicals by Percentage
Decrease in Waste Managed, 2010-2013
350
¦o 300
t
o
250
200
150
100
Good Operating Practices
Process Modifications
Spill and Leak Prevention
Raw Material Modifications
Inventory Control
Product Modifications
Cleaning and Degreasing
Surface Preparation and Finishing
Chemical
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Cobalt and Cobalt
Compounds
Trichloroethylene
Barium and Barium
Compounds
Hydrochloric Acid
% Decrease in





Waste Managed
-28%
-19%
-16%
-14%
-10%
2010-2013





Notes: 1) Limited to chemicals with at least 25 forms reporting source reduction and 100 total forms in 2013. 2)
Facilities report their source reduction activities by selecting from activities that fall into one of the eight categories
listed in the graph legend. "Good operating practices" are defined by four codes in the Reporting Forms and
Instructions, which facilities select when submitting their forms.
This figure shows the types of source reduction activities reported from 2010 to 2013 for the
chemicals with the greatest percentage decrease in production-related waste managed over this
time period. The type of source reduction activity implemented varies depending on the chemical's
use in industrial operations and the chemical's characteristics. For example, some types of source
reduction activities relate to:
-	Cleaning and degreasing. Changing to aqueous cleaners is more commonly implemented
for trichloroethvlene. a common industrial solvent, than for the other chemicals shown.
-	Spill and leak prevention. This activity is more commonly used to reduce waste of
benzo(g.h.i)pervlene. a persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemical constituent in
petroleum products. Common spill and leak prevention activities for this chemical include
improving procedures for loading, unloading, and transfer operations at petroleum bulk
terminals, and installing overflow alarms or automatic shutoff valves at asphalt product
manufacturing facilities.
Facilities may also report additional details to TRI about their source reduction, recycling, or
pollution control activities. For the chemicals profiled in the above figure, examples of additional
8

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TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
pollution prevention-related information reported are shown below with a link to each facility's
pollution prevention report in Envirofacts.
-	Benzo(g.h.i)pervlene: A rubber product manufacturer installed three natural gas boilers and
decommissioned two #6 fuel oil boilers in an effort to reduce emissions. The change was
made in September 2013 and resulted in a 36% reduction in benzo(g,h,i)perylene emissions
from the previous year. The facility expects they will not have any benzo(g,h,i)perylene
emissions in 2014. [facility detailsl
-	Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds: By installing air pollution controls on its anode furnace, a
copper smelter decreased emissions of hazardous air pollutants, including cobalt
compounds. The project also resulted in approximately 12% savings in natural gas
consumption, [facility detailsl
-	Trichloroethvlene: With the help of a vendor, a pipe and tube manufacturer improved the air
blanket zone on its refrigeration lines and reduced releases of trichloroethylene. [facility
detailsl
-	Barium and Barium Compounds: A printing plate and ink manufacturing facility significantly
reduced the use of barium compounds by reformulating its products, [facility detailsl
-	Hydrochloric Acid: By changing to an immersion acid process instead of using spray acid
equipment, a semiconductor manufacturer is reducing emissions of aerosolized hydrochloric
acid, [facility detailsl
You can view all reported pollution prevention activities and compare facilities' waste management
methods and trends for any TRI chemical by using the TRI P2 Search Tool.
Industry sectors with the largest percentage decrease in releases
Percentage Change in Production-Related Waste Managed and Releases
for Industries with Greatest Decreases in Releases, 2010-2013
m% Decrease in Production-Related Waste Managed
¦ % Decrease in Releases
-45% -L-
Printingand Electrical Equipment Misc. Mfg. (e.g.. Electric Utilities	Chemical
Publishing	Medical Equipment)	Wholesalers
v>EPA
This figure shows the sectors with the greatest percentage decrease in releases from 2010 to
2013. For many sectors, source reduction activities, which reduce or eliminate waste generation at
its source, have contributed to substantial decreases in both the amount of waste generated and
9

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&EPA
TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
the amount released. In other cases, pollution controls (e.g., scrubbers) have reduced releases but
do not affect waste management totals, because chemicals that are treated or recycled instead of
being released are still included in the total waste managed quantity. Improved pollution control
techniques may thus explain why releases declined at an even faster rate than overall waste
generation for four of the five industries shown above. Other factors, such as reduced production,
can also contribute to decreases in both releases and overall waste generation.
Source reduction activities reported by these five industries are discussed further in the next figure.
Types of source reduction activities for sectors with largest decrease in releases	
1.400
ft 1,000
<
c
o
o
t/>
"S
800
200
Number of Newly Implemented Source Reduction Activities for Top Industries by Percentage
Decrease in Releases, 2010-2013
Good Operating Practices
Process Modifications
Spill and Leak Prevention
Raw Material Modifications
Inventory Control
Product Modifications
Cleaning and Degreasing
Surface Preparation and Finishing
Industry
Printing and
Publishing
Electrical Equipment
Misc. Mfg. (e.g.,
Medical Equipment)
Electric Utilities
Chemical Wholesalers
% Decrease in
Releases
2010-2013
-39%
-33%
-25%
-22%
-18%
Note: Facilities report their source reduction activities by selecting from activities that fall into one of the eight
categories listed in the graph legend. "Good operating practices" are defined by four codes in the Reporting Forms and
Instructions, which facilities select when submitting their forms.
This figure shows the source reduction activities implemented from 2010 to 2013 for the five
sectors with the greatest percentage decrease in releases over this time period. As shown in the
figure, the types of source reduction activities vary significantly by industry. For example, many
chemical wholesalers reported inventory control (e.g., instituting clearinghouses to exchange
materials that otherwise would be discarded), while electrical equipment manufacturers frequently
reported modifications to their raw materials and processes, often associated with the elimination
of lead solder.
10

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&EPA
TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Waste Management by Parent Company
Parent companies with the most production-related waste managed
Production-Related Waste Managed by Top 10 TRI Parent Companies, 2012-2013
TECK AMERICAN INC
2013 (1)
2012 (1)
CLEAN HARBORS INC
2013(109)
2012(106)
KOCH INDUSTRIES INC
2013(126)
2012 (111)
THE DOW CHEMICAL CO
2013 (46)
2012	(49)
SYNGENTACORP
2013(3)
2012 (3)
HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC
2013	(59)
2012	(62)
PBF ENERGY
2013(3)
2012(3)
BASF CORP
2013	(59)
2012	(58)
THE RENCO GROUP INC
2013	(11)
2012	(12)
E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO
2013	(56)
2012 (58)
200
Millions of Pounds
400	600
800
1,000
Releases
Treated
Energy Recovery
Recycling
The numbers in parentheses after the
year indicate the total number of the
parent companies' facilities that
reported to TRI in a given year.
Notes: 1) For TRI Reporting, the parent company is the highest level U.S. company which directly owns at least 50
percent of the voting stock of the company. This figure uses EPA's standardized parent company names. 2) The method
to display data for 2012 has been revised to reflect parent companies as of 12/31/2012.
Many of the facilities reporting to TRI are owned by parent companies that also own other facilities
reporting to TRI. Facilities reporting to TRI are asked to provide information on their parent company
if they have one. The parent companies reported to TRI must be located in the United States.
11

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TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
This figure shows the parent companies that reported the most production-related waste in 2013.
Eight of these parent companies were also in the top 10 in 2012, while Clean Harbors and E I Du
Pont De Nemours moved into the top 10 in 2013.
These parent companies vary in size and in the sectors in which they operate. The number of TRI
reporting facilities owned by these companies ranges from 1 to 126. The parent companies' TRI
facilities operate in the following sectors:
-	Metal mining: Teck American
-	Hazardous waste and solvent recovery: Clean Harbors
-	Multiple sectors, e.g., pulp and paper, petroleum refining, and chemicals: Koch Industries
-	Chemical manufacturing: Dow Chemical, Syngenta, Honeywell International, BASF, and E I
Du Pont De Nemours
-	Petroleum Refining: PBF Energy
-	Metal smelting: The Renco Group
Nine of these top parent companies reported implementing one or more new source reduction
activities in 2013. Some companies also reported additional (optional) information to TRI about
their pollution prevention or waste management activities. Among the top 10 parent companies,
additional information reported included:
-	A Honeywell facility worked with vendor and internal department resources to develop a new
formulation for its coating line. This raw material substitution resulted in a 99% reduction in
the use of methanol at the facility. (Raw Material Modification) [facility detailsl
-	Through an internal pollution prevention audit and an employee recommendation, a
Syngenta facility reduced ammonia emissions by improving ammonia recovery through
stripping and optimizing the conditions of reactions that involve ammonia. (Process
Modification) [facility detailsl
-	A BASF organic chemical manufacturing plant implemented a site-wide spill prevention plan,
focused specifically on over-fill protections and safer chemical transfer. (Spill and Leak
Prevention) [facility detailsl
To conduct a similar type of parent company comparison for a given sector, chemical, or geographic
location, use the TRI P2 Search Tool.
12

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TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
Parent companies with the greatest number of new source reduction activities
Top Parent Companies Based on Newly Implemented Source Reduction Activities, 2012-2013
KOCH INDUSTRIES INC
2013 (38/126)
2012 (29/111)
THE VALSPAR CORP
2013 (14/24)
2012	(16/26)
3M CO
2013	(25/49)
2012	(18/49)
SHELL OIL CO
2013(1/20)
2012 (2/22)
SILGAN HOLDINGS INC
2013	(15/19)
2012 (19/20)
NU COR CORP
2013(6/52)
2012 (7/50)
GLOBAL PARTNERS LP
2013(10/11)
2012	(10/11)
ILLINOISTOOLWORKS INC
2013	(20/68)
2012	(16/67)
SALT RIVER PROJECT
2013 (2/2)
2012	(2/2)
BASF CORP
2013	(11/59)
2012 (17/58)
CHEMPLEX ADVANCED MATERIALS LLC
2013	(4/4)
2012 (4/4)
Notes: 1) For TRI Reporting, the parent company is the highest level U.S. company that directly owns at least 50% of
the voting stock of the company. This figure uses EPA's standardized parent company names. 2) Facilities report their
source reduction activities by selecting from activities that fall into one of the eight categories listed in the graph
legend. "Good operating practices" are defined by four codes in the Reporting Forms and Instructions, which facilities
select when submitting their forms. 3) The method to display data for 2012 has been revised to reflect parent
companies as of 12/31/2012.
This figure presents the parent companies that reported the most newly implemented source
reduction activities in 2013. The parent companies' TRI facilities primarily operate in the following
industries:
-	Pulp and paper, petroleum refining, and chemicals: Koch Industries
-	Chemical manufacturing sector: Valspar, 3M and BASF
-	Petroleum refining and chemicals: Shell Oil
-	Bulk petroleum industry (store and distribute crude petroleum and petroleum products):
Global Partners
-	Metal containers: Silgan Holdings
v>EPA
¦	Surface Preparation and Finishing
Cleaning and Degreasing
¦	Product Modifications
¦	Inventory Control
Raw Material Modifications
¦	Spill and Leak Prevention
Process Modifications
Good Operating Practices
The numbers in parentheses after the year indicate how many of the companies' facilities
reported source reduction activities compared to the total number of the parent companies'
facilities that reported to TRI that year.
13

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TRI National Analysis 2013: Releases of Chemicals
www2.eDa.gov/toxics-release-inventorv-tri-Drogram/2013-tri-national-analvsis
Updated January 2015
-	Steel manufacturing: Nucor
-	Chemicals, fabricated metals, and industrial equipment: Illinois Tool Works
-	Electric utility: Salt River Project
Good operating practices, such as improving maintenance scheduling and installation of quality
monitoring systems, are the most commonly reported source reduction activities for these top
parent companies. Spill and leak prevention and process modifications are also commonly
reported. Some of these parent companies submitted additional text to EPA with their TRI reports
describing their pollution prevention activities. Examples include:
-	An automotive products manufacturing facility, owned by Illinois Tool Works, reduced the
need to flush pipe lines when changing product lines by adding designated pipe lines for
specific chemical products. (Process Modification) [facility detailsl
-	By switching from a batch manufacturing process to a continuous process, one 3M Co
chemical facility reduced total waste of certain glycol ethers. (Process Modification) [facility
detailsl
-	A BASF organic chemical manufacturer reduced its use of nitric acid bv implementing more
precise delivery methods and improved metering, [facility detailsl
You can find P2 activities reported by a specific parent company and compare facilities' waste
management methods and trends for any TRI chemical by using the TRI P2 Search Tool.
14

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