Agency
Advancing Sustainable
Materials Management:
2016 and 2017 Tables and Figures
Assessing Trends in Material Generation, Recycling,
Composting, Combustion with Energy Recovery and
Landfilling in the United States
November 2019
-------
List of Tables
Page
Table 1. Materials Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 1
Table 2. Materials Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017 2
Table 3. Materials Combusted with Energy Recovery* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to
2017 3
Table 4. Materials Landfilled* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 4
Table 5A. Paper and Paperboard Products In MSW, 2016 5
Table 5B. Paper and Paperboard Products In MSW, 2017 6
Table 6A. Glass Products in MSW, 2016 7
Table 6B. Glass Products in MSW, 2017 7
Table 7A. Metal Products in MSW, 2016 8
Table 7B. Metal Products in MSW, 2017 9
Table 8A. Plastics in Products In MSW, 2016 10
Table 8B. Plastics in Products In MSW, 2017 13
Table 9A. Rubber and Leather Products In MSW, 2016 16
Table 9B. Rubber and Leather Products In MSW, 2017 16
Table 10. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 17
Table 11. Products Recycled and Composted* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 18
Table 12. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to
2017 19
Table 13. Products Landfilled* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 20
Table 14. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 (With Detail On
Durable Goods) 21
Table 15. Products Recycled and Composted* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail On Durable Goods) 22
Table 16. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to
2017 (With Detail On Durable Goods) 23
Table 17. Products Landfilled* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 (With Detail On
Durable Goods) 25
Table 18. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 (With Detail on
Nondurable Goods) 26
Table 19. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017 (With
Detail on Nondurable Goods) 28
Table 20. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods) 30
November 2019 i
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
List of Tables (Continued)
Page
Table 21. Products Landfilled* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017 (With Detail on
Nondurable Goods) 32
Table 22. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 (With Detail on
Containers and Packaging) 34
Table 23. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017 (With Detail on
Containers and Packaging) 36
Table 24. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017 (With
Detail on Containers and Packaging) 38
Table 25. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017 (With
Detail on Containers and Packaging) 40
Table 26. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging) 42
Table 27. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging) 44
Table 28. Products Landfilled* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017 (With Detail on
Containers and Packaging) 46
Table 29. Products Landfilled* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017 (With Detail on
Containers and Packaging) 47
Table 30. Selected Examples of Source Reduction Practices 48
Table 31A. Households with Residential Food Collection Programs in the U.S., 2016 50
Table 31B. Households with Residential Food Collection Programs in the U.S., 2017 51
Table 32A. Material Recovery Facilities (MRF), 2016* 52
Table 32B. Material Recovery Facilities (MRF), 2017* 52
Table 33A. Municipal Waste-To-Energy Projects, 2016 53
Table 33B. Municipal Waste-To-Energy Projects, 2017 53
Table 34A. Landfill Facilities, 2016 54
Table 34B. Landfill Facilities, 2017 54
Table 35. Generation, Recycling, Composting, Combustion with Energy Recovery and Landfilling
of Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017 55
November 2019 ii
-------
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1. Municipal Solid Waste in the Universe of Subtitle D Wastes 56
Figure 2. Definition of Terms 57
Figure 3A. Paper and Paperboard Products Generated in MSW, 2016 58
Figure 3B. Paper and Paperboard Products Generated in MSW, 2017 58
Figure 4. Paper and Paperboard Generation and Recycling, 1960 to 2017 59
Figure 5A. Glass Products Generated in MSW, 2016 60
Figure 5B. Glass Products Generated in MSW, 2017 60
Figure 6. Glass Generation and Recycling, 1960 to 2017 61
Figure 7A. Metal Products Generated in MSW, 2016 62
Figure 7B. Metal Products Generated in MSW, 2017 62
Figure 8. Metals Generation and Recycling, 1960 to 2017 63
Figure 9A. Plastics Products Generated in MSW, 2016 64
Figure 9B. Plastics Products Generated in MSW, 2017 64
Figure 10. Plastics Generation and Recycling, 1960 to 2017 65
Figure 11. Generation of Materials in MSW, 1960 to 2017 66
Figure 12. Recycling, Composting, Combustion with Energy Recovery and Landfilling of
Materials in MSW, 1960 to 2017 66
Figure 13A. Materials Recycling and Composting in MSW,* 2016 67
Figure 13B. Materials Recycling and Composting in MSW,* 2017 68
Figure 14A. Materials Generated, Combusted with Energy Recovery and Landfilled in MSW,
201 6 69
Figure 14B. Materials Generated, Combusted with Energy Recovery and Landfilled in MSW,
201 7 70
Figure 15. Generation of Products in MSW, 1960 to 2017 71
Figure 16A. Nondurable Goods Generated, Recycled, Combusted with Energy Recovery and
Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2016 72
Figure 16B. Nondurable Goods Generated, Recycled, Combusted with Energy Recovery and
Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2017 73
Figure 17A. Containers and Packaging Materials Generated, Recycled, Combusted with Energy
Recovery and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2016 74
Figure 17B. Containers and Packaging Materials Generated, Recycled, Combusted with Energy
Recovery and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2017 75
Figure 18A. Containers and Packaging Generated, Recycled, Combusted with Energy Recovery
and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2016 76
November 2019 iii
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2014
List of Figures (Continued)
Page
Figure 18B. Containers and Packaging Generated, Recycled, Combusted with Energy Recovery
and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2017 77
Figure 19. Diagram of Solid Waste Management 78
Figure 20. States with Bottle Deposit Rules 78
Figure 21A. Estimated MRF Throughput, 2016* 79
Figure 21B. Estimated MRF Throughput, 2017* 80
Figure 22A. Mixed Waste Processing Estimated Throughput, 2016* 81
Figure 22B. Mixed Waste Processing Estimated Throughput, 2017* 82
Figure 23A. MSW Composting Throughput, 2016* 83
Figure 23B. MSW Composting Throughput, 2017* 84
Figure 24A. Yard Trimmings Composting Facilities, 2016 85
Figure 24B. Yard Trimmings Composting Facilities, 2017 86
Figure 25A. Municipal Waste-To-Energy Capacity, 2016 87
Figure 25B. Municipal Waste-To-Energy Capacity, 2017 88
Figure 26A. Number of Landfills in the U.S., 2016 89
Figure 26B. Number of Landfills in the U.S., 2017 90
November 2019 iv
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 1. Materials Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Paper and Paperboard
29,990
44,310
55,160
72,730
87,740
84,840
71,310
68,050
67,480
67,010
Glass
6,720
12,740
15,130
13,100
12,770
12,540
11,520
11,470
11,480
11,380
Metals
Ferrous
10,300
12,360
12,620
12,640
14,150
15,210
16,920
18,190
18,690
18,890
Aluminum
340
800
1,730
2,810
3,190
3,330
3,510
3,670
3,770
3,830
Other Nonferrous
180
670
1,160
1,100
1,600
1,860
2,020
2,010
2,140
2,330
Total Metols
10,820
13,830
15,510
16,550
18,940
20,400
22,450
23,870
24,600
25,050
Plastics
390
2,900
6,830
17,130
25,550
29,380
31,400
34,480
34,870
35,370
Rubber and Leather
1,840
2,970
4,200
5,790
6,670
7,290
7,750
8,560
9,200
9,110
Textiles
1,760
2,040
2,530
5,810
9,480
11,510
13,220
16,060
16,880
16,890
Wood
3,030
3,720
7,010
12,210
13,570
14,790
15,710
16,300
18,050
17,990
Other **
70
770
2,520
3,190
4,000
4,290
4,710
4,880
4,980
5,100
Total Materials in Products
54,620
83,280
108,890
146,510
178,720
185,040
178,070
183,670
187,540
187,900
Other Wastes
Food
12,200
12,800
13,000
23,860
30,700
32,930
35,740
39,730
40,310
40,670
Yard Trimmings
20,000
23,200
27,500
35,000
30,530
32,070
33,400
34,720
34,950
35,180
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1,300
1,780
2,250
2,900
3,500
3,690
3,840
3,990
4,020
4,040
Total Other Wastes
33,500
37,780
42,750
61,760
64,730
68,690
72,980
78,440
79,280
79,890
Total MSW Generated - Weight
88,120
121,060
151,640
208,270
243,450
253,730
251,050
262,110
266,820
267,790
Materials
Percent of Total Generation
I960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Paper and Paperboard
34.0%
36.6%
36.4%
34.9%
36.0%
33.4%
28.4%
26.0%
25.3%
25.0%
Glass
7.6%
10.5%
10.0%
6.3%
5.2%
4.9%
4.6%
4.4%
4.3%
4.2%
Metals
Ferrous
11.7%
10.2%
8.3%
6.1%
5.8%
6.0%
6.7%
6.9%
7.0%
7.1%
Aluminum
0.4%
0.7%
1.1%
1.3%
1.3%
1.3%
1.4%
1.4%
1.4%
1.4%
Other Nonferrous
0.2%
0.6%
0.8%
0.5%
0.7%
0.7%
0.8%
0.8%
0.8%
0.9%
Total Metals
12.3%
11.4%
10.2%
7.9%
7.8%
8.0%
8.9%
9.1%
9.2%
9.4%
Plastics
0.4%
2.4%
4.5%
8.2%
10.5%
11.6%
12.5%
13.2%
13.1%
13.2%
Rubber and Leather
2.1%
2.5%
2.8%
2.8%
2.7%
2.9%
3.1%
3.3%
3.4%
3.4%
Textiles
2.0%
1.7%
1.7%
2.8%
3.9%
4.5%
5.3%
6.1%
6.3%
6.3%
Wood
3.4%
3.1%
4.6%
5.9%
5.6%
5.8%
6.3%
6.2%
6.8%
6.7%
Other **
0.1%
0.6%
1.7%
1.5%
1.6%
1.7%
1.9%
1.8%
1.9%
2.0%
Total Materials in Products
62.0%
68.8%
71.8%
70.3%
73.4%
72.9%
70.9%
70.1%
70.3%
70.2%
Other Wastes
Food
13.8%
10.6%
8.6%
11.5%
12.6%
13.0%
14.2%
15.2%
15.1%
15.2%
Yard Trimmings
22.7%
19.2%
18.1%
16.8%
12.5%
12.6%
13.3%
13.2%
13.1%
13.1%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.4%
1.4%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
Total Other Wastes
38.0%
31.2%
28.2%
29.7%
26.6%
27.1%
29.1%
29.9%
29.7%
29.8%
Total MSW Generated - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Generation before materials recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery or landfilling. Does not include construction & demolition
debris, industrial process wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp, feces and urine in disposable diapers.
November 2019
1
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 2. Materials Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each material)
Materials
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Paper and Paperboard
5,080
6,770
11,740
20,230
37,560
41,960
44,570
45,320
45,520
44,170
Glass
100
160
750
2,630
2,880
2,590
3,130
3,190
3,160
3,030
Metals
Ferrous
50
150
370
2,230
4,680
5,020
5,800
6,070
6,170
6,170
Aluminum
Neg.
10
310
1,010
860
690
680
670
620
620
Other Nonferrous
Neg.
320
540
730
1,060
1,280
1,440
1,290
1,390
1,540
Total Metals
50
480
1,220
3,970
6,600
6,990
7,920
8,030
8,180
8,330
Plastics
Neg.
Neg.
20
370
1,480
1,780
2,500
3,120
3,240
2,960
Rubber and Leather
330
250
130
370
820
1,050
1,440
1,550
1,760
1,670
Textiles
50
60
160
660
1,320
1,830
2,050
2,460
2,510
2,570
Wood
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
130
1,370
1,830
2,280
2,660
2,940
3,000
Other **
Neg.
300
500
680
980
1,210
1,370
1,230
1,320
1,450
Total Materials in Products
5,610
8,020
14,520
29,040
5 3,010
59,240
65,260
67,560
68,630
67,180
Other Wastes
FoodA
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
680
690
970
2,100
2,150
2,570
Yard Trimmings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
15,770
19,860
19,200
21,290
22,960
24,420
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
16,450
20,550
20,170
23,390
25,110
26,990
Total MSW Recycled and Composted - Weight
5,610
8,020
14,520
33,240
69,460
79,790
85,430
90,950
93,740
94,170
Percent of Generation of Each Material
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Paper and Paperboard
16.9%
15.3%
21.3%
27.8%
42.8%
49.5%
62.5%
66.6%
67.5%
65.9%
Glass
1.5%
1.3%
5.0%
20.1%
22.6%
20.7%
27.2%
27.8%
27.5%
26.6%
Metals
Ferrous
0.5%
1.2%
2.9%
17.6%
33.1%
33.0%
34.3%
33.4%
33.0%
32.7%
Aluminum
Neg.
1.3%
17.9%
35.9%
27.0%
20.7%
19.4%
18.3%
16.4%
16.2%
Other Nonferrous
Neg.
47.8%
46.6%
66.4%
66.3%
68.8%
71.3%
64.2%
65.0%
66.1%
Total Metals
0.5%
3.5%
7.9%
24.0%
34.8%
34.3%
35.3%
33.6%
33.3%
33.3%
Plastics
Neg.
Neg.
0.3%
2.2%
5.8%
6.1%
8.0%
9.0%
9.3%
8.4%
Rubber and Leather
17.9%
8.4%
3.1%
6.4%
12.3%
14.4%
18.6%
18.1%
19.1%
18.3%
Textiles
2.8%
2.9%
6.3%
11.4%
13.9%
15.9%
15.5%
15.3%
14.9%
15.2%
Wood
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1.1%
10.1%
12.4%
14.5%
16.3%
16.3%
16.7%
Other **
Neg.
39.0%
19.8%
21.3%
24.5%
28.2%
29.1%
25.2%
26.5%
28.4%
Total Materials in Products
10.3%
9.6%
13.3%
19.8%
29.7%
32.0%
36.6%
36.8%
36.6%
35.8%
Other Wastes
FoodA
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
2.2%
2.1%
2.7%
5.3%
5.3%
6.3%
Yard Trimmings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
12.0%
51.7%
61.9%
57.5%
61.3%
65.7%
69.4%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.8%
25.4%
29.9%
27.6%
29.8%
31.7%
33.8%
Total MSW Recycled and Composted - %
6.4%
6.6%
9.6%
16.0%
28.5%
31.4%
34.0%
34.7%
35.1%
35.2%
Recycling and composting of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Collection of electrolytes in batteries; probably not recycled.
Neg = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Includes collection of other MSW organicsfor composting.
November 2019
2
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 3. Materials Combusted with Energy Recovery* in the Municipal Waste
Stream, 1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of total combusted)
Materials
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Paper and Paperboard
150
860
8,930
9,730
7,800
4,740
4,450
4,300
4,490
Glass
60
300
1,810
1,790
1,660
1,360
1,440
1,440
1,480
Metals
Ferrous
60
250
1,690
1,610
1,640
1,810
2,150
2,210
2,290
Aluminum
0
30
300
390
410
440
510
510
560
Other Nonferrous
0
20
60
50
50
60
60
60
70
Total Metals
60
300
2,050
2,050
2,100
2,310
2,720
2,780
2,920
Plastics
0
140
2,980
4,120
4,330
4,530
5,330
5,340
5,590
Rubber and Leather
10
70
830
1,970
2,110
1,910
2,520
2,650
2,490
Textiles
10
50
880
1,880
2,110
2,270
3,060
3,240
3,170
Wood
10
150
2,080
2,290
2,270
2,310
2,570
2,860
2,850
Other **
0
30
410
540
510
540
670
670
670
Total Materials in Products
300
1,900
19,970
24,370
22,890
19,970
22,760
23,280
23,660
Other Wastes
Food
50
260
4,060
5,820
5,870
6,150
7,380
7,480
7,470
Yard Trimmings
90
550
5,240
2,860
2,220
2,510
2,630
2,350
2,110
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
10
50
490
680
670
680
780
790
790
Total Other Wastes
150
860
9,790
9,360
8,760
9,340
10,790
10,620
10,370
Total MSW Combusted - Weight
45 0
2,760
29,760
33,730
31,650
29,310
33,550
33,900
34,030
Materials
Percent of Total Combusted
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Paper and Paperboard
33.3%
31.2%
30.0%
28.8%
24.6%
16.2%
13.3%
12.7%
13.2%
Glass
13.3%
10.9%
6.1%
5.3%
5.2%
4.6%
4.3%
4.2%
4.3%
Metals
Ferrous
13.3%
9.0%
5.7%
4.8%
5.2%
6.2%
6.4%
6.5%
6.7%
Aluminum
0.0%
1.1%
1.0%
1.2%
1.3%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.7%
Other Nonferrous
0.0%
0.7%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
Total Metals
13.3%
10.8%
6.9%
6.1%
6.6%
7.9%
8.1%
8.2%
8.6%
Plastics
Neg.
5.1%
10.0%
12.2%
13.7%
15.5%
15.9%
15.8%
16.4%
Rubber and Leather
2.2%
2.5%
2.8%
5.9%
6.7%
6.5%
7.5%
7.8%
7.3%
Textiles
2.2%
1.8%
2.9%
5.6%
6.7%
7.7%
9.1%
9.6%
9.3%
Wood
2.2%
5.4%
7.0%
6.8%
7.2%
7.9%
7.7%
8.4%
8.4%
Other **
Neg.
1.1%
1.4%
1.6%
1.6%
1.8%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
Total Materials in Products
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
Other Wastes
Food
11.1%
9.4%
13.6%
17.3%
18.5%
21.0%
22.0%
22.1%
22.0%
Yard Trimmings
20.0%
20.0%
17.6%
8.5%
7.0%
8.6%
7.8%
6.9%
6.2%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
2.3%
1.8%
1.7%
1.9%
2.1%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Other Wastes
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Combusted with Energy Recovery- %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* Products and materials combusted with energy recovery estimated at percentage total MSW after recycling and composting. In 2016 and 2017,
19.6 percent of MSW after recycling and composting was combusted with energy recovery except for major appliances, tires and lead-acid
batteries (see Table 16). No combustion with energy recovery in 1960 (see Table 35). Does not include construction & demolition debris,
industrial process wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp, feces and urine in disposable diapers.
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 4. Materials Landfilled* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of total landfilled)
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Paper and Paperboard
24,910
37,390
42,560
43,570
40,450
35,080
22,000
18,280
17,660
18,350
Glass
6,620
12,520
14,080
8,660
8,100
8,290
7,030
6,840
6,880
6,870
Metals
Ferrous
10,250
12,150
12,000
8,720
7,860
8,550
9,310
9,970
10,310
10,430
Aluminum
340
790
1,390
1,500
1,940
2,230
2,390
2,490
2,640
2,650
Other Nonferrous
180
350
600
310
490
530
520
660
690
720
Total Metals
10,770
13,290
13,990
10,530
10,290
11,310
12,220
13,120
13,640
13,800
Plastics
390
2,900
6,670
13,780
19,950
23,270
24,370
26,030
26,290
26,820
Rubber and Leather
1,510
2,710
4,000
4,590
3,880
4,130
4,400
4,490
4,790
4,950
Textiles
1,710
1,970
2,320
4,270
6,280
7,570
8,900
10,540
11,130
11,150
Wood
3,030
3,710
6,860
10,000
9,910
10,690
11,120
11,070
12,250
12,140
Other **
70
470
1,990
2,100
2,480
2,570
2,800
2,980
2,990
2,980
Total Materials in Products
49,010
74,960
92,470
97,500
101,340
102,910
92,840
93,350
95,630
97,060
Other Wastes
Food
12,200
12,750
12,740
19,800
24,200
26,370
28,620
30,250
30,680
30,630
Yard Trimmings
20,000
23,110
26,950
25,560
11,900
9,990
11,690
10,800
9,640
8,650
Miscellaneous Inorganic
Wastes
1,300
1,770
2,200
2,410
2,820
3,020
3,160
3,210
3,230
3,250
Total Other Wastes
33,500
37,630
41,890
47,770
38,920
39,380
43,470
44,260
43,550
42,530
Total MSW Landfilled -
Weight
82,510
112,590
134,360
145,270
140,260
142,290
136,310
137,610
139,180
139,590
Materials
Percent of Total Landfilled
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Paper and Paperboard
30.2%
33.2%
31.7%
30.0%
28.8%
24.7%
16.1%
13.3%
12.7%
13.1%
Glass
8.0%
11.1%
10.5%
6.0%
5.8%
5.8%
5.1%
5.0%
4.9%
4.9%
Metals
Ferrous
12.4%
10.8%
8.9%
6.0%
5.6%
6.0%
6.8%
7.2%
7.4%
7.5%
Aluminum
0.4%
0.7%
1.0%
1.0%
1.4%
1.6%
1.8%
1.8%
1.9%
1.9%
Other Nonferrous
0.2%
0.3%
0.4%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
Total Metals
13.0%
11.8%
10.3%
7.2%
7.3%
7.9%
9.0%
9.5%
9.8%
9.9%
Plastics
0.5%
2.6%
5.0%
9.5%
14.2%
16.4%
17.9%
18.9%
18.9%
19.2%
Rubber and Leather
1.8%
2.4%
3.0%
3.2%
2.8%
2.9%
3.2%
3.3%
3.4%
3.5%
Textiles
2.1%
1.7%
1.7%
2.9%
4.5%
5.3%
6.5%
7.7%
8.0%
8.0%
Wood
3.7%
3.3%
5.1%
6.9%
7.1%
7.5%
8.2%
8.0%
8.8%
8.7%
Other **
0.1%
0.4%
1.5%
1.4%
1.8%
1.8%
2.1%
2.2%
2.2%
2.2%
Total Materials in Products
59.4%
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
Other Wastes
Food
14.8%
11.3%
9.5%
13.6%
17.3%
18.5%
21.0%
22.0%
22.1%
22.0%
Yard Trimmings
24.2%
20.5%
20.1%
17.6%
8.5%
7.0%
8.6%
7.8%
6.9%
6.2%
Miscellaneous Inorganic
Wastes
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.7%
1.9%
2.2%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Other Wastes
40.6%
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Landfilled - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Landfilling after recycling, composting and combustion with energy recovery. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process
wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp, feces and urine in disposable diapers.
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 5A. Paper and Paperboard Products In MSW, 2016
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Combusted
with Energy
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical Paperst
6,260
4,490
71.7%
350
1,420
Books
760
Magazines
1,120
Office-type Papers*
4,270
Marketing Mail**
3,980
Other Commercial Printing
2,080
Tissue Paper and Towels
3,770
Paper Plates and Cups
1,430
Other Nonpackaging Paper***
3,820
Subtotal Nondurable Goods
excluding Newspaper/Mechanical
Papers§
21,230
10,200
48.0%
2,160
8,870
Total Paper and Paperboard
Nondurable Goods
27,490
14,690
53.4%
2,510
10,290
Containers and Packaging
Corrugated Boxes
31,520
29,150
92.5%
460
1,910
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartons^
600
Folding Cartons
5,300
Other Paperboard Packaging
80
Bags and Sacks
1,090
Other Paper Packaging
1,400
Subtotal Containers and Packaging
excluding Corrugated Boxes§
8,470
1,680
19.8%
1,330
5,460
Total Paper and Paperboard
Containers and Packaging
39,990
30,830
77.1%
1,790
7,370
Total Paper and Paperboard
67,480 45,520 67.5% 4,300 17,660
+ Starting in 2010, newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously
counted as Other Commercial Printing.
* High-grade papers such as copy paper and printer paper; both residential and commercial.
** Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
*** Includes paper in games and novelties, cards, etc.
§ Valid default values for separating out paper and paperboard sub-categories for recycling, combustion with energy recovery and
landfilling from subtotal mixed paper were not available,
t Includes milk, juice, and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 5B. Paper and Paperboard Products In MSW, 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Combusted
with Energy
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical Paperst
5,440
4,180
76.8%
250
1,010
Books
700
Magazines
1,020
Office-type Papers*
3,970
Marketing Mail**
3,790
Other Commercial Printing
1,960
Tissue Paper and Towels
3,750
Paper Plates and Cups
1,440
Other Nonpackaging Paper***
3,880
Subtotal Nondurable Goods
excluding Newspaper/Mechanical
Papers§
20,510
9,910
48.3%
2,080
8,520
Total Paper and Paperboard
Nondurable Goods
25,950 14,090
54.3%
2,330
9,530
Containers and Packaging
Corrugated Boxes
32,540
28,780
88.4%
740
3,020
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartons^
590
Folding Cartons
5,330
Other Paperboard Packaging
50
Bags and Sacks
1,100
Other Paper Packaging
1,450
Subtotal Containers and Packaging
excluding Corrugated Boxes§
8,520
1,300
15.3%
1,420
5,800
Total Paper and Paperboard
Containers and Packaging
41,060
30,080
73.3%
2,160
8,820
Total Paper and Paperboard 67,010 44,170 65.9% 4,490 18,350
+ Starting in 2010, newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously
counted as Other Commercial Printing.
* High-grade papers such as copy paper and printer paper; both residential and commercial.
** Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
*** Includes paper in games and novelties, cards, etc.
§ Valid default values for separating out paper and paperboard sub-categories for recycling, combustion with energy recovery and
landfilling from subtotal mixed paper were not available,
t Includes milk, juice, and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 6A. Glass Products in MSW, 2016
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Combusted
with Energy
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
(Thousand
(Percent of
(Thousand
(Thousand
tons)
tons)
generation)
tons)
tons)
Durable Goods*
2,390
Neg.
Neg.
280
2,110
Containers and Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
5,400
2,230
41.3%
620
2,550
Wine and Liquor Bottles
1,780
640
36.0%
220
920
Other Bottles and Jars
1,910
290
15.2%
320
1,300
Total Glass Containers
9,090
3,160
34.8%
1,160
4,770
Total Glass
11,480
3,160
27.5%
1,440
6,880
Glass as a component of appliances, furniture, consumer electronics, etc.
Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Table 6B. Glass Products in MSW, 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Combusted
with Energy
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
(Thousand
(Percent of
(Thousand
(Thousand
tons)
tons)
generation)
tons)
tons)
Durable Goods*
2,450
Neg.
Neg.
320
2,130
Containers and Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
5,270
2,060
39.1%
630
2,580
Wine and Liquor Bottles
1,740
680
39.1%
210
850
Other Bottles and Jars
1,920
290
15.1%
320
1,310
Total Glass Containers
8,930
3,030
33.9%
1,160
4,740
Total Glass
11,380
3,030
26.6%
1,480
6,870
Glass as a component of appliances, furniture, consumer electronics, etc.
Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 7A. Metal Products in MSW, 2016
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Combusted
with Energy
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
(Thousand
(Percent of
(Thousand
(Thousand
tons)
tons)
generation)
tons)
tons)
Durable Goods
Ferrous Metals*
16,550
4,620
27.9%
2,090
9,840
Aluminum**
1,650
NA
NA
230
1,420
Lead+
1,400
1,390
99.3%
10
Other Nonferrous Metalst
740
Neg.
Neg.
60
680
Total Metals in Durable Goods
20,340
6,010
29.5%
2,380
11,950
Nondurable Goods
Aluminum
220
NA
NA
40
180
Containers and Packaging
Steel
Cans
1,710
1,210
70.8%
100
400
Other Steel Packaging
430
340
79.1%
20
70
Total Steel Packaging
2,140
1,550
72.4%
120
470
Aluminum
Beer and Soft Drink Cans§
1,250
620
49.6%
120
510
Other Cans
120
NA
NA
20
100
Foil and Closures
530
NA
NA
100
430
Total Aluminum Packaging
1,900
620
32.6%
240
1,040
Total Metals in Containers and
Packaging
4,040
2,170
53.7%
360
1,510
Total Metals
24,600
8,180
33.3%
2,780
13,640
Ferrous
18,690
6,170
33.0%
2,210
10,310
Aluminum
3,770
620
16.4%
510
2,640
Other nonferrous
2,140
1,390
65.0%
60
690
* Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances, furniture, tires and miscellaneous durables.
** Aluminum in appliances, furniture and miscellaneous durables.
+ Lead in lead-acid batteries.
t Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables.
§ Aluminum can recycling does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans.
NA = Not Available
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
November 2019
8
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 7B. Metal Products in MSW, 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Combusted
with Energy
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
(Thousand
(Percent of
(Thousand
(Thousand
tons)
tons)
generation)
tons)
tons)
Durable Goods
Ferrous Metals*
16,880
4,700
27.8%
2,190
9,990
Aluminum**
1,720
NA
NA
260
1,460
Lead+
1,550
1,540
99.4%
10
Other Nonferrous Metalst
780
Neg.
Neg.
70
710
Total Metals in Durable Goods
20,930
6,240
29.8%
2,520
12,170
Nondurable Goods
Aluminum
220
NA
NA
40
180
Containers and Packaging
Steel
Cans
1,480
1,050
70.9%
80
350
Other Steel Packaging
530
420
79.2%
20
90
Total Steel Packaging
2,010
1,470
73.1%
100
440
Aluminum
Beer and Soft Drink Cans§
1,260
620
49.2%
130
510
Other Cans
130
NA
NA
30
100
Foil and Closures
500
NA
NA
100
400
Total Aluminum Packaging
1,890
620
32.8%
260
1,010
Total Metals in Containers and
Packaging
3,900
2,090
53.6%
360
1,450
Total Metals
25,050
8,330
33.3%
2,920
13,800
Ferrous
18,890
6,170
32.7%
2,290
10,430
Aluminum
3,830
620
16.2%
560
2,650
Other nonferrous
2,330
1,540
66.1%
70
720
* Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances, furniture, tires and miscellaneous durables.
** Aluminum in appliances, furniture and miscellaneous durables.
+ Lead in lead-acid batteries.
t Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables.
§ Aluminum can recycling does not include used beverage cans imported to produce new beverage cans.
NA = Not Available
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
November 2019
9
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 8A. Plastics in Products In MSW, 2016
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Combusted
with energy
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Durable Goods
PET
530
HDPE
1,470
PVC
200
LDPE/LLDPE
1,930
PP
4,360
PS
750
Other resins
3,770
Total Plastics in Durable Goods
13,010
870
6.7%
1,520
10,620
Nondurable Goods*
Plastic Plates and Cups§
LDPE/LLDPE
20
PLA
30
PP
160
PS
860
Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups
1,070
Neg.
Neg.
210
860
Trash Bags
HDPE
210
LDPE/LLDPE
910
Subtotal Trash Bags
1,120
220
900
All other nondurables*
PET
720
HDPE
580
PVC
300
LDPE/LLDPE
1,240
PLA
40
PP
1,500
PS
170
Other resins
610
Subtotal All Other Nondurables
5,160
240
4.7%
960
3,960
Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods, by
resin
PET
720
HDPE
790
PVC
300
LDPE/LLDPE
2,170
PLA
70
PP
1,660
PS
1,030
Other resins
610
Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods
7,350
240
3.3%
1,390
5,720
November 2019
10
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 8A. Plastics in Products In MSW, 2016
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Combusted
with energy
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Plastic Containers & Packaging
Bottles and Jars**
PET
3,080
880
28.6%
430
1,770
Natural Bottlest
HDPE
770
230
29.9%
110
430
Other plastic containers
HDPE
1,570
330
21.0%
PVC
20
Neg.
LDPE/LLDPE
40
Neg.
PP
250
20
8.0%
PS
90
Neg.
Subtotal Other Containers
1,970
350
17.8%
320
1,300
Bags, sacks and wraps
HDPE
680
40
5.9%
PVC
70
LDPE/LLDPE
2,660
480
18.0%
PP
540
PS
140
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
4,090
520
12.7%
700
2,870
Other Plastics Packaging*
PET
690
50
7.2%
HDPE
730
20
2.7%
PVC
340
Neg.
LDPE/LLDPE
1,130
Neg.
PLA
20
Neg.
PP
990
50
5.1%
PS
340
30
8.8%
Other resins
360
Neg.
Subtotal Other Packaging
4,600
150
3.3%
870
3,580
Total Plastics in Containers & Packaging, by
resin
PET
3,770
930
24.7%
HDPE
3,750
620
16.5%
PVC
430
Neg.
LDPE/LLDPE
3,830
480
12.5%
PLA
20
Neg.
PP
1,780
70
3.9%
PS
570
30
5.3%
Other resins
360
Neg.
Total Plastics in Containers & Packaging
14,510
2,130
14.7%
2,430
9,950
November 2019
11
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 8A. Plastics in Products In MSW, 2016
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Combusted
with energy
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Total Plastics in MSW, by resin
PET
5,020
930
18.5%
HDPE
6,010
620
10.3%
PVC
930
Neg.
LDPE/LLDPE
7,930
480
6.1%
PLA
90
Neg.
PP
7,800
70
1.0%
PS
2,350
30
1.3%
Other resins
4,740
1,110
23.4%
Total Plastics in MSW
34,870
3,240
9.3%
5,340
26,290
t Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging.
§ Due to source data aggregation, PET cups are included in "Other Plastic Packaging".
* All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers, clothing, footwear, etc.
** Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2016.
National Association for PET Container Resources. Recycling includes caps, lids and other material collected with PET bottles and
jars.
f White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2016 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling
Report. American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers.
Neg. = negligible, less than 5,000 tons
HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene
LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride
LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide
t Other plastic packaging includes coatings, closures, lids, caps, clamshells, egg cartons, produce baskets, trays, shapes, loose fill, etc.
PP and HDPE caps and lids recycled with PET bottles and jars are included in the recycling estimate for PET bottles and jars.
Other resins include commingled/undefined plastic packaging recycling.
Some detail of recycling by resin omitted due to lack of data.
November 2019
12
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 8B. Plastics in Products In MSW, 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Combusted
with energy
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Durable Goods
PET
620
HDPE
1,540
PVC
240
LDPE/LLDPE
2,010
PP
4,520
PS
770
Other resins
3,760
Total Plastics in Durable Goods
13,460
850
6.3%
1,720
10,890
Nondurable Goods*
Plastic Plates and Cups§
LDPE/LLDPE
20
PLA
30
PP
170
PS
860
Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups
1,080
Neg.
Neg.
210
870
Trash Bags
HDPE
220
LDPE/LLDPE
920
Subtotal Trash Bags
1,140
220
920
All other nondurables*
PET
740
HDPE
650
PVC
290
LDPE/LLDPE
1,250
PLA
40
PP
1,470
PS
150
Other resins
610
Subtotal All Other Nondurables
5,200
220
4.2%
970
4,010
Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods, by
resin
PET
740
HDPE
870
PVC
290
LDPE/LLDPE
2,190
PLA
70
PP
1,640
PS
1,010
Other resins
610
Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods
7,420
220
3.0%
1,400
5,800
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 8B. Plastics in Products In MSW, 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)
Combusted
with energy
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
(Thousand (Percent of
(Thousand
(Thousand
tons)
tons) generation)
tons)
tons)
Plastic Containers & Packaging
Bottles and Jars**
PET
2,960
860
29.1%
410
1,690
Natural Bottlest
HDPE
770
240
31.2%
100
430
Other plastic containers
HDPE
1,590
280
17.6%
PVC
10
Neg.
LDPE/LLDPE
40
Neg.
PP
260
20
1.1%
PS
90
Neg.
Subtotal Other Containers
1,990
300
15.1%
330
1,360
Bags, sacks and wraps
HDPE
660
50
7.6%
PVC
70
LDPE/LLDPE
2,730
340
12.5%
PP
540
PS
140
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
4,140
390
9.4%
740
3,010
Other Plastics Packaging*
PET
690
50
7.2%
HDPE
720
10
1.4%
PVC
350
Neg.
LDPE/LLDPE
1,110
Neg.
PLA
20
Neg.
PP
1,040
30
2.9%
PS
340
10
2.9%
Other resins
360
Neg.
Subtotal Other Packaging
4,630
100
2.2%
890
3,640
Total Plastics in Containers & Packaging, by
resin
PET
3,650
910
24.9%
HDPE
3,740
580
15.5%
PVC
430
Neg.
LDPE/LLDPE
3,880
340
8.8%
PLA
20
Neg.
PP
1,840
50
2.7%
PS
570
10
1.8%
Other resins
360
Neg.
Total Plastics in Containers & Packaging
14,490
1,890
13.0%
2,470
10,130
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 8B. Plastics in Products In MSW, 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation by resin)
Product Category
Generation
Recycled
Combusted
with energy
Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Total Plastics in MSW, by resin
PET
5,010
910
18.2%
HDPE
6,150
580
9.4%
PVC
960
Neg.
LDPE/LLDPE
8,080
340
4.2%
PLA
90
Neg.
PP
8,000
50
0.6%
PS
2,350
10
0.4%
Other resins
4,730
1,070
22.6%
Total Plastics in MSW
35,370
2,960
8.4%
5,590
26,820
t Nondurable goods other than containers and packaging.
§ Due to source data aggregation, PET cups are included in "Other Plastic Packaging".
* All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers, clothing, footwear, etc.
** Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as identified in Report on Postconsumer PET Container Recycling Activity in 2017.
National Association for PET Container Resources. Recycling includes caps, lids and other material collected with PET bottles and
jars.
f White translucent homopolymer bottles as defined in the 2017 United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles Recycling
Report. American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers.
Neg. = negligible, less than 5,000 tons
HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene
LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride
LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene PLA = Polylactide
t Other plastic packaging includes coatings, closures, lids, caps, clamshells, egg cartons, produce baskets, trays, shapes, loose fill, etc.
PP and HDPE caps and lids recycled with PET bottles and jars are included in the recycling estimate for PET bottles and jars.
Other resins include commingled/undefined plastic packaging recycling.
Some detail of recycling by resin omitted due to lack of data.
November 2019
15
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 9A. Rubber and Leather Products In MSW, 2016
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Generation
Recycled
Combusted with
energy Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Durable Goods
Rubber in Tires*
4,370
1,760
40.3%
1,950
660
Other Durables**
3,680
Neg.
Neg.
480
3,200
Total Rubber and Leather
Durable Goods
8,050
1,760
21.9%
2,430
3,860
Nondurable Goods
Clothing and Footwear
880
Neg.
Neg.
170
710
Other Nondurables
270
Neg.
Neg.
50
220
Total Rubber and Leather
Nondurable Goods
1,150
Neg.
Neg.
220
930
Total Rubber and Leather
9,200
1,760
19.1%
2,650
4,790
Automobile and truck tires. Does not include other materials in tires.
Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Table 9B. Rubber and Leather Products In MSW, 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Generation
Recycled
Combusted with
energy Recovery
Landfilled
(Thousand tons)
(Thousand
tons)
(Percent of
generation)
(Thousand
tons)
(Thousand
tons)
Durable Goods
Rubber in Tires*
4,190
1,670
39.9%
1,740
780
Other Durables**
3,750
Neg.
Neg.
530
3,220
Total Rubber and Leather
Durable Goods
7,940
1,670
21.0%
2,270
4,000
Nondurable Goods
Clothing and Footwear
890
Neg.
Neg.
170
720
Other Nondurables
280
Neg.
Neg.
50
230
Total Rubber and Leather
Nondurable Goods
1,170
Neg.
Neg.
220
950
Total Rubber and Leather
9,110
1,670
18.3%
2,490
4,950
Automobile and truck tires. Does not include other materials in tires.
Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 10. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
9,920
14,660
21,800
29,810
38,870
45,060
49,350
53,940
56,090
57,120
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
17,330
25,060
34,420
52,170
64,010
63,650
53,250
51,810
52,020
50,700
(Detail in Table 18)
Containers and Packaging
27,370
43,560
52,670
64,530
75,840
76,330
75,470
77,920
79,430
80,080
Detail in Table 22)
Total Product** Wastes
54,620
83,280
108,890
146,510
178,720
185,040
178,070
183,670
187,540
187,900
Other Wastes
Food
12,200
12,800
13,000
23,860
30,700
32,930
35,740
39,730
40,310
40,670
Yard Trimmings
20,000
23,200
27,500
35,000
30,530
32,070
33,400
34,720
34,950
35,180
Miscellaneous Inorganic
Wastes
1,300
1,780
2,250
2,900
3,500
3,690
3,840
3,990
4,020
4,040
Total Other Wastes
33,500
37,780
42,750
61,760
64,730
68,690
72,980
78,440
79,280
79,890
Total MSW Generated - Weight
88,120
121,060
151,640
208,270
243,450
253,730
251,050
262,110
266,820
267,790
Products
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
11.3%
12.1%
14.4%
14.3%
16.0%
17.8%
19.7%
20.6%
21.0%
21.4%
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
19.7%
20.7%
22.7%
25.0%
26.3%
25.1%
21.2%
19.8%
19.5%
18.9%
(Detail in Table 18)
Containers and Packaging
31.1%
36.0%
34.7%
31.0%
31.2%
30.1%
30.1%
29.7%
29.8%
29.9%
(Detail in Table 23)
Total Product** Wastes
62.0%
68.8%
71.8%
70.3%
73.4%
72.9%
70.9%
70.1%
70.3%
70.2%
Other Wastes
Food
13.8%
10.6%
8.6%
11.5%
12.6%
13.0%
14.2%
15.2%
15.1%
15.2%
Yard Trimmings
22.7%
19.2%
18.1%
16.8%
12.5%
12.6%
13.3%
13.2%
13.1%
13.1%
Miscellaneous Inorganic
Wastes
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.4%
1.4%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
Total Other Wastes
38.0%
31.2%
28.2%
29.7%
26.6%
27.1%
29.1%
29.9%
29.7%
29.8%
Total MSW Generated - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Generation before materials recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery or landfilling. Does not include construction & demolition
debris, industrial process wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Other than food products.
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 11. Products Recycled and Composted* in the Municipal Waste Stream,
1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
350
940
1,360 3,460 6,580 7,970
9,390 9,880
10,580
10,800
(Detail in Table 15)
Nondurable Goods
2,390
3,730
4,670
8,800
17,560
19,770
19,190
16,190
16,820
16,290
(Detail in Table 19)
Containers and Packaging
2,870
3,350
8,490
16,780
28,870
31,500
36,680
41,490
41,230
40,090
Detail in Table 24)
Total Product** Wastes
5,610
8,020
14,520
29,040
5 3,010
59,240
65,260
67,560
68,630
67,180
Other Wastes
FoodA
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
680
690
970
2,100
2,150
2,570
Yard Trimmings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
15,770
19,860
19,200
21,290
22,960
24,420
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
16,450
20,550
20,170
23,390
25,110
26,990
Total MSW Recycled and Composted -
Weight
5,610
8,020
14,520
33,240
69,460
79,790
85,430
90,950
93,740
94,170
Products
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
3.5%
6.4%
6.2%
11.6%
16.9%
17.7%
19.0%
18.3%
18.9%
18.9%
(Detail in Table 15)
Nondurable Goods
13.8%
14.9%
13.6%
16.9%
27.4%
31.1%
36.0%
31.2%
32.3%
32.1%
(Detail in Table 19)
Containers and Packaging
10.5%
7.7%
16.1%
26.0%
38.1%
41.3%
48.6%
53.2%
51.9%
50.1%
(Detail in Table 25)
Total Product** Wastes
10.3%
9.6%
13.3%
19.8%
29.7%
32.0%
36.6%
36.8%
36.6%
35.8%
Other Wastes
FoodA
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
2.2%
2.1%
2.7%
5.3%
5.3%
6.3%
Yard Trimmings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
12.0%
51.7%
61.9%
57.5%
61.3%
65.7%
69.4%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.8%
25.4%
29.9%
27.6%
29.8%
31.7%
33.8%
Total MSW Recycled and Composted - %
6.4%
6.6%
9.6%
16.0%
28.5%
31.4%
34.0%
34.7%
35.1%
35.2%
Recycling and composting of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Other than food products.
Includes collection of other MSW organicsfor composting.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 12. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in the Municipal Waste
Stream, 1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of total combusted)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
60
440
4,480
6,260
6,750
7,070
8,640
8,920
9,080
(Detail in Table 16)
Nondurable Goods
90
580
7,380
9,000
7,980
6,030
6,960
6,880
6,720
(Detail in Table 20)
Containers and Packaging
150
880
8,110
9,110
8,160
6,870
7,160
7,480
7,860
Detail in Table 26)
Total Product** Wastes
300
1,900
19,970
24,370
22,890
19,970
22,760
23,280
23,660
Other Wastes
Food
50
260
4,060
5,820
5,870
6,150
7,380
7,480
7,470
Yard Trimmings
90
550
5,240
2,860
2,220
2,510
2,630
2,350
2,110
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
10
50
490
680
670
680
780
790
790
Total Other Wastes
150
860
9,790
9,360
8,760
9,340
10,790
10,620
10,370
Total MSW Combusted with Energy Recovery -
Weight
45 0
2,760
29,760
33,730
31,650
29,310
33,550
33,900
34,030
Products
Percent of Total Combusted
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
13.3% 15.9% 15.1% 18.6%
21.3% 24.1% 25.8% 26.3% 26.7%
(Detail in Table 16)
Nondurable Goods
19.9%
21.0%
24.8%
26.7%
25.2%
20.6%
20.7%
20.4%
19.8%
(Detail in Table 20)
Containers and Packaging
33.3%
31.9%
27.3%
27.0%
25.8%
23.4%
21.4%
22.0%
23.0%
(Detail in Table 27)
Total Product** Wastes
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
Other Wastes
Food
11.1%
9.4%
13.6%
17.3%
18.5%
21.0%
22.0%
22.1%
22.0%
Yard Trimmings
20.0%
20.0%
17.6%
8.5%
7.0%
8.6%
7.8%
6.9%
6.2%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
2.3%
1.8%
1.7%
1.9%
2.1%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Other Wastes
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Combusted with Energy Recovery -
%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Products and materials combusted with energy recovery estimated at percentage total MSW after recycling and composting. In 2016 and 2017,19.6
percent of MSW after recycling and composting was combusted with energy recovery. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial
process wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
19
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 13. Products Landfilled* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of total landfilled)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
9,570 13,660
20,000 21,870 26,030 30,340 32,890 35,420 36,590
37,240
(Detail in Table 17
Nondurable Goods
14,940
21,240
29,170
35,990
37,450
35,900
28,030
28,660
28,320
27,690
(Detail in Table 21)
Containers and Packaging
24,500
40,060
43,300
39,640
37,860
36,670
31,920
29,270
30,720
32,130
Detail in Table 28)
Total Product** Wastes
49,010
74,960
92,470
97,500
101,340
102,910
92,840
93,350
95,630
97,060
Other Wastes
Food
12,200
12,750
12,740
19,800
24,200
26,370
28,620
30,250
30,680
30,630
Yard Trimmings
20,000
23,110
26,950
25,560
11,900
9,990
11,690
10,800
9,640
8,650
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1,300
1,770
2,200
2,410
2,820
3,020
3,160
3,210
3,230
3,250
Total Other Wastes
33,500
37,630
41,890
47,770
38,920
39,380
43,470
44,260
43,550
42,530
Total MSW Landfilled - Weight
82,510
112,590
134,360
145,270
140,260
142,290
136,310
137,610
139,180
139,590
Products
Percent of Total Landfilled
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
11.6% 12.1%
14.9% 15.0% 18.6% 21.3% 24.1% 25.7% 26.3%
26.7%
(Detail in Table 17)
Nondurable Goods
18.1%
18.9%
21.7%
24.8%
26.7%
25.2%
20.6%
20.8%
20.3%
19.8%
(Detail in Table 21)
Containers and Packaging
29.7%
35.6%
32.2%
27.3%
27.0%
25.8%
23.4%
21.4%
22.1%
23.0%
(Detail in Table 29)
Total Product** Wastes
59.4%
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
Other Wastes
Food
14.8%
11.3%
9.5%
13.6%
17.3%
18.5%
21.0%
22.0%
22.1%
22.0%
Yard Trimmings
24.2%
20.5%
20.1%
17.6%
8.5%
7.0%
8.6%
7.8%
6.9%
6.2%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.7%
1.9%
2.2%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Other Wastes
40.6%
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Landfilled - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Landfilling after recycling, composting and combustion with energy recovery. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process
wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
20
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 14. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail On Durable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
1,630
2,170
2,950
3,310
3,640
3,610
4,020
4,860
5,030
5,160
Small Appliances**
460
1,040
1,180
1,830
2,050
2,090
2,120
Furniture and Furnishings
2,150
2,830
4,760
6,790
8,120
9,340
10,820
12,050
12,210
12,210
Carpets and Rugs**
1,660
2,460
2,960
3,720
3,630
3,510
3,390
Rubber Tires
1,120
1,890
2,720
3,610
4,930
4,910
5,130
5,970
6,830
6,540
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Neg.
820
1,490
1,510
2,280
2,750
3,020
2,700
2,880
3,190
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
1,900
2,630
3,120
3,100
2,990
2,840
Other Miscellaneous Durables
14,500
17,680
17,690
19,580
20,550
21,670
Total Miscellaneous Durables
5,020
6,950
9,880
12,470
16,400
20,310
20,810
22,680
23,540
24,510
Total Durable Goods
9,920
14,660
21,800
29,810
38,870
45,060
49,350
53,940
56,090
57,120
Nondurable Goods
17,330
25,060
34,420
52,170
64,010
63,650
53,250
51,810
52,020
50,700
(Detail in Table 18)
Containers and Packaging
27,370
43,560
52,670
64,530
75,840
76,330
75,470
77,920
79,430
80,080
(Detail in Table 22)
Total Product Wastes t
54,620
83,280
108,890
146,510
178,720
185,040
178,070
183,670
187,540
187,900
Other Wastes
Food
12,200
12,800
13,000
23,860
30,700
32,930
35,740
39,730
40,310
40,670
Yard Trimmings
20,000
23,200
27,500
35,000
30,530
32,070
33,400
34,720
34,950
35,180
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1,300
1,780
2,250
2,900
3,500
3,690
3,840
3,990
4,020
4,040
Total Other Wastes
33,500
37,780
42,750
61,760
64,730
68,690
72,980
78,440
79,280
79,890
Total MSW Generated - Weight
88,120
121,060
151,640
208,270
243,450
253,730
251,050
262,110
266,820
267,790
Products
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
1.8%
1.8%
1.9%
1.6%
1.5%
1.4%
1.6%
1.9%
1.8%
1.9%
Small Appliances**
0.2%
0.4%
0.5%
0.7%
0.8%
0.8%
0.8%
Furniture and Furnishings
2.4%
2.3%
3.1%
3.3%
3.3%
3.7%
4.3%
4.6%
4.6%
4.6%
Carpets and Rugs**
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%
1.5%
1.4%
1.3%
1.3%
Rubber Tires
1.3%
1.6%
1.8%
1.7%
2.0%
1.9%
2.0%
2.3%
2.6%
2.4%
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Neg.
0.7%
1.0%
0.7%
0.9%
1.1%
1.2%
1.0%
1.1%
1.2%
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%
1.2%
1.1%
1.1%
Other Miscellaneous Durables
6.0%
7.0%
7.0%
7.5%
7.7%
8.1%
Total Miscellaneous Durables
5.7%
5.7%
6.5%
6.0%
6.7%
8.0%
8.3%
8.7%
8.8%
9.2%
Total Durable Goods
11.3%
12.1%
14.4%
14.3%
16.0%
17.8%
19.7%
20.6%
21.0%
21.4%
Nondurable Goods
19.7%
20.7%
22.7%
25.0%
26.3%
25.1%
21.2%
19.8%
19.5%
18.9%
(Detail in Table 18)
Containers and Packaging
31.1%
36.0%
34.7%
31.0%
31.2%
30.1%
30.1%
29.7%
29.8%
29.9%
(Detail in Table 23)
Total Product Wastest
62.0%
68.8%
71.8%
70.3%
73.4%
72.9%
70.9%
70.1%
70.3%
70.2%
Other Wastes
Food
13.8%
10.6%
8.6%
11.5%
12.6%
13.0%
14.2%
15.2%
15.1%
15.2%
Yard Trimmings
22.7%
19.2%
18.1%
16.8%
12.5%
12.6%
13.3%
13.2%
13.1%
13.1%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.4%
1.4%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
Total Other Wastes
38.0%
31.2%
28.2%
29.7%
26.6%
27.1%
29.1%
29.9%
29.7%
29.8%
Total MSW Generated - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Generation before materials recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery or landfilling. Does not include construction & demolition
debris, industrial process wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Not estimated separately prior to 1990. + Other than food products. Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
*** Not estimated separately prior to 2000.
November 2019
21
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 15. Products Recycled and Composted* in the Municipal Waste Stream,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail On Durable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
10
50
130
1,070
2,000
2,420
2,610
3,000
3,060
3,110
Small Appliances**
10
20
20
120
120
120
120
Furniture and Furnishings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
10
10
30
40
Carpets and Rugs**
Neg.
190
250
270
190
230
280
Rubber Tires
330
250
150
440
1,290
1,640
2,270
2,410
2,750
2,610
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Neg.
620
1,040
1,470
2,130
2,640
2,980
2,670
2,860
3,160
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
190
360
650
1,230
1,070
1,020
Other Miscellaneous Durables
760
640
480
250
460
460
Total Miscellaneous Durables
10
20
40
470
950
1,000
1,130
1,480
1,530
1,480
Total Durable Goods
350
940
1,360
3,460
6,580
7,970
9,390
9,880
10,580
10,800
Nondurable Goods
2,390
3,730
4,670
8,800
17,560
19,770
19,190
16,190
16,820 16,290
(Detail in Table 19)
Containers and Packaging 2,870 3,350 8,490 16,780 28,870 31,500 36,680 41,490 41,230
40,090
(Detail in Table 24)
Total Product Wastest 5,610 8,020 14,520 29,040 53,010 59,240 65,260 67,560 68,630
67,180
Other Wastes
FoodA
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
680
690
970
2,100
2,150
2,570
Yard Trimmings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
15,770
19,860
19,200
21,290
22,960
24,420
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Other Wastes
Neg. Neg. Neg.
4,200
16,450
20,550
20,170
23,390
25,110
26,990
Total MSW Recycled and Composted -
Weight
5,610
8,020
14,520
33,240
69,460
79,790
85,430
90,950
93,740
94,170
Products
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
0.6%
2.3%
4.4%
32.3%
54.9%
67.0%
64.9%
61.7%
60.8%
60.3%
Small Appliances**
2.2%
1.9%
1.7%
6.6%
5.9%
5.7%
5.7%
Furniture and Furnishings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
Carpets and Rugs**
Neg.
7.7%
8.4%
7.3%
5.2%
6.6%
8.3%
Rubber Tires
29.5%
13.2%
5.5%
12.2%
26.2%
33.4%
44.2%
40.4%
40.3%
39.9%
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Neg.
75.6%
69.8%
97.4%
93.4%
96.0%
98.7%
98.9%
99.3%
99.1%
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
10.0%
13.7%
20.8%
39.7%
35.8%
35.9%
Other Miscellaneous Durables
5.2%
3.6%
2.7%
1.3%
2.2%
2.1%
Total Miscellaneous Durables
0.2%
0.3%
0.4%
3.8%
5.8%
4.9%
5.4%
6.5%
6.5%
6.0%
Total Durable Goods
3.5%
6.4%
6.2%
11.6%
16.9%
17.7%
19.0%
18.3%
18.9%
18.9%
Nondurable Goods
13.8%
14.9%
13.6%
16.9%
27.4%
31.1%
36.0%
31.2%
32.3%
32.1%
(Detail in Table 19)
Containers and Packaging 10.5%
7.7% 16.1%
26.0% 38.1%
41.3%
48.6% 53.2%
51.9%
50.1%
(Detail in Table 25)
Total Product Wastest
10.3%
9.6%
13.3%
19.8%
29.7%
32.0%
36.6%
36.8%
36.6%
35.8%
Other Wastes
FoodA
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
2.2%
2.1%
2.7%
5.3%
5.3%
6.3%
Yard Trimmings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
12.0%
51.7%
61.9%
57.5%
61.3%
65.7%
69.4%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.8%
25.4%
29.9%
27.6%
29.8%
31.7%
33.8%
Total MSW Recycled and Composted - %
6.4%
6.6%
9.6%
16.0%
28.5%
31.4%
34.0%
34.7%
35.1%
35.2%
Recycling and composting of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Not estimated separately prior to 1990. + Other than food products.
*** Not estimated separately prior to 2000.
A Includes collection of other MSW organics for composting.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
22
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 16. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in the Municipal Waste
Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail On Durable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total combusted)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
Major Appliances±§
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Small Appliances**
90
200
200
310
380
380
390
Furniture and Furnishings
Neg.
90
1,150
1,570
1,700
1,910
2,350
2,380
2,380
Carpets and Rugs**
290
440
490
610
670
640
610
Rubber Tires'
Neg.
30
400
2,260
2,390
2,000
2,840
3,040
2,710
Batteries, Lead-Acid1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables§
60
320
2,550
1,790
1,970
2,240
2,400
2,480
2,990
Total Durable Goods
60
440
4,480
6,260
6,750
7,070
8,640
8,920
9,080
Nondurable Goods
90
580
7,380
9,000
7,980
6,030
6,960
6,880
6,720
(Detail in Table 20)
Containers and Packaging
150
880
8,110
9,110
8,160
6,870
7,160
7,480
7,860
(Detail in Table 26)
Total Product Wastest
300
1,900
19,970
24,370
22,890
19,970
22,760
23,280
23,660
Other Wastes
Food
50
260
4,060
5,820
5,870
6,150
7,380
7,480
7,470
Yard Trimmings
90
550
5,240
2,860
2,220
2,510
2,630
2,350
2,110
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
10
50
490
680
670
680
780
790
790
Total Other Wastes
150
860
9,790
9,360
8,760
9,340
10,790
10,620
10,370
Total MSW Combusted with Energy Recovery -
Weight
45 0
2,760
29,760
33,730
31,650
29,310
33,550
33,900
34,030
Products
Percent of Total Combusted
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
Major Appliances±§
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Small Appliances**
0.3%
0.6%
0.6%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
Furniture and Furnishings
Neg.
3.3%
3.9%
4.7%
5.4%
6.5%
7.0%
7.0%
7.0%
Carpets and Rugs**
1.0%
1.3%
1.5%
2.1%
2.0%
1.9%
1.8%
Rubber Tires'
Neg.
1.1%
1.3%
6.7%
7.6%
6.8%
8.5%
9.0%
8.0%
Batteries, Lead-Acid1
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables§
13.3%
11.6%
8.6%
5.3%
6.2%
7.6%
7.2%
7.3%
8.8%
Total Durable Goods
13.3%
15.9%
15.1%
18.6%
21.3%
24.1%
25.8%
26.3%
26.7%
Nondurable Goods
19.9%
21.0%
24.8%
26.7%
25.2%
20.6%
20.7%
20.4%
19.8%
(Detail in Table 20)
Containers and Packaging
33.3%
31.9%
27.3%
27.0%
25.8%
23.4%
21.4%
22.0%
23.0%
(Detail in Table 27)
Total Product Wastest
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
November 2019
23
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 16. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in the Municipal Waste
Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail On Durable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total combusted)
Products
Percent of Total Combusted
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Other Wastes
Food
11.1%
9.4%
13.6%
17.3%
18.5%
21.0%
22.0%
22.1%
22.0%
Yard Trimmings
20.0%
20.0%
17.6%
8.5%
7.0%
8.6%
7.8%
6.9%
6.2%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
2.3%
1.8%
1.7%
1.9%
2.1%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Other Wastes
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Combusted with Energy Recovery - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* Products and materials combusted with energy recovery estimated at percentage total MSW after recovery for recycling and composting. In 2016
and 2017,19.6 percent of MSW after recycling and composting was combusted with energy recovery except for major appliances, tires and lead-
acid batteries. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals
due to rounding.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
t Other than food products.
§ Tires: tires to fuel based on industry percentage estimates applied to tire generation. Total Miscellaneous Durables: calculated as difference
between total durable goods going to combustion and individual durable goods shown. The amounts of consumer electronics going to combustion
with energy recovery are not available and are included in Total Miscellaneous Durables.
± Energy Recovery Council, 2016. Major appliances and lead-acid batteries are not accepted at waste-to-energy facilities.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
24
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 17. Products Landfilled* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail On Durable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total landfilled)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Major Appliances
1,620
2,120
2,820
2,240
1,640
1,190
1,410
1,860
1,970
2,050
Small Appliances**
360
820
960
1,400
1,550
1,590
1,610
Furniture and Furnishings
2,150
2,830
4,670
5,640
6,550
7,640
8,900
9,690
9,800
9,790
Carpets and Rugs**
1,370
1,830
2,220
2,840
2,770
2,640
2,500
Rubber Tires
790
1,640
2,540
2,770
1,380
880
860
720
1,040
1,220
Batteries, Lead-Acid
200
450
40
150
110
40
30
20
30
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables
5,010
6,870
9,520
9,450
13,660
17,340
17,440
18,800
19,530
20,040
Total Durable Goods
9,570
13,660
20,000
21,870
26,030
30,340
32,890
35,420
36,590
37,240
Nondurable Goods
14,940
21,240
29,170
35,990
37,450
35,900
28,030
28,660
28,320
27,690
(Detail in Table 21)
Containers and Packaging 24,500 40,060 43,300 39,640 37,860 36,670 31,920 29,270 30,720 32,130
(Detail in Table 28)
Total Product Wastes t
49,010
74,960
92,470
97,500
101,340
102,910
92,840
93,350
95,630
97,060
Other Wastes
Food
12,200
12,750
12,740
19,800
24,200
26,370
28,620
30,250
30,680
30,630
Yard Trimmings
20,000
23,110
26,950
25,560
11,900
9,990
11,690
10,800
9,640
8,650
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1,300
1,770
2,200
2,410
2,820
3,020
3,160
3,210
3,230
3,250
Total Other Wastes
33,500
37,630
41,890
47,770
38,920
39,380
43,470
44,260
43,550
42,530
Products
Percent of Total Landfilled
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Major Appliances
2.0%
1.9%
2.1%
1.5%
1.2%
0.8%
1.0%
1.4%
1.4%
1.5%
Small Appliances**
0.2%
0.6%
0.7%
1.0%
1.1%
1.1%
1.2%
Furniture and Furnishings
2.6%
2.5%
3.5%
3.9%
4.7%
5.4%
6.5%
7.0%
7.0%
7.0%
Carpets and Rugs**
0.9%
1.3%
1.5%
2.1%
2.0%
1.9%
1.8%
Rubber Tires
1.0%
1.5%
1.9%
1.9%
1.0%
0.6%
0.6%
0.5%
0.7%
0.9%
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Neg.
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables
6.1%
6.1%
7.1%
6.5%
9.7%
12.2%
12.8%
13.7%
14.0%
14.4%
Total Durable Goods
11.6%
12.1%
14.9%
15.0%
18.6%
21.3%
24.1%
25.7%
26.3%
26.7%
(Detail in Table 21)
Containers and Packaging 29.7% 35.6% 32.2% 27.3% 27.0% 25.8% 23.4% 21.4% 22.1% 23.0%
(Detail in Table 29)
Total Product Wastes f
59.4%
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
Other Wastes
Food
14.8%
11.3%
9.5%
13.6%
17.3%
18.5%
21.0%
22.0%
22.1%
22.0%
Yard Trimmings
24.2%
20.5%
20.1%
17.6%
8.5%
7.0%
8.6%
7.8%
6.9%
6.2%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.7%
1.9%
2.2%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Other Wastes
40.6%
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Landfilled - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
La ndfi I ling after recycling, composting and combustion with energy recovery. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
*** The amount of consumer electronics going to combustion with energy recovery versus landfilling are not available. These products are included in
Total Miscellaneous Durables,
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
25
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 18. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
9,920
14,660
21,800
29,810
38,870
45,060
49,350
53,940
56,090
57,120
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical Paperst
7,110
9,510
11,050
13,430
14,790
12,790
9,880
6,730
6,260
5,440
Directoriest**
610
680
660
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Nondurable Goods
Books and Magazines
1,920
2,470
3,390
Books**
970
1,240
1,100
990
800
760
700
Magazines**
2,830
2,230
2,580
1,590
1,190
1,120
1,020
Office-Type Papers***
1,520
2,650
4,000
6,410
7,420
6,620
5,260
4,530
4,270
3,970
Marketing Mail§
3,820
5,570
5,830
4,340
4,050
3,980
3,790
Other Commercial Printingt
1,260
2,130
3,120
4,460
7,380
6,440
2,480
2,080
2,080
1,960
Tissue Paper and Towels
1,090
2,080
2,300
2,960
3,220
3,460
3,490
3,680
3,770
3,750
Paper Plates and Cups
270
420
630
650
960
1,160
1,350
1,360
1,430
1,440
Other Nonpackaging Paper
2,700
3,630
4,230
3,840
4,250
4,490
4,190
3,700
3,820
3,880
Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods
23,690
21,390
21,230
20,510
Disposable Diapers
Neg.
350
1,930
2,700
3,230
3,410
3,700
4,170
4,180
4,150
Plastic Plates and Cups¥
190
650
870
930
890
1,050
1,070
1,080
Trash Bags**
780
850
1,060
980
1,130
1,120
1,140
Clothing and Footwear
1,360
1,620
2,170
4,010
6,470
7,890
9,100
11,940
12,680
12,800
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
710
820
980
1,290
1,350
1,400
1,470
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
100
200
1,410
3,340
4,030
4,250
3,720
4,050
4,080
4,110
Total Nondurable Goods
17,330
25,060
34,420
5 2,170
64,010
63,650
53,250
51,810
52,020
50,700
Containers and Packaging
27,370
43,560
52,670
64,530
75,840
76,330
75,470
77,920
79,430
80,080
(Detail in Table 22)
Total Product Wastest
54,620
83,280
108,890
146,510
178,720
185,040
178,070
183,670
187,540
187,900
Other Wastes
33,500
37,780
42,750
61,760
64,730
68,690
72,980
78,440
79,280
79,890
Total MSW Generated - Weight
88,120
121,060
151,640
208,270
243,450
253,730
251,050
262,110
266,820
267,790
Products
Percent of Generation of Each Product
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
11.3%
12.1%
14.4%
14.3%
16.0%
17.8%
19.7%
20.6%
21.0%
21.4%
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical Paperst
8.1%
7.9%
7.3%
6.4%
6.1%
5.0%
3.9%
2.6%
2.3%
2.0%
Directoriest**
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Nondurable Goods
Books and Magazines
2.2%
2.0%
2.2%
Books**
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
Magazines**
1.4%
0.9%
1.0%
0.6%
0.5%
0.4%
0.4%
Office-Type Papers***
1.7%
2.2%
2.6%
3.1%
3.0%
2.6%
2.1%
1.8%
1.6%
1.6%
Marketing Mail§
1.8%
2.3%
2.3%
1.7%
1.5%
1.5%
1.4%
Other Commercial Printingt
1.4%
1.8%
2.1%
2.1%
3.0%
2.5%
1.0%
0.8%
0.8%
0.7%
Tissue Paper and Towels
1.2%
1.7%
1.5%
1.4%
1.3%
1.4%
1.4%
1.4%
1.4%
1.4%
Paper Plates and Cups
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
Other Nonpackaging Paper
3.1%
3.0%
2.8%
1.8%
1.7%
1.8%
1.7%
1.4%
1.5%
1.5%
Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods
9.4%
8.2%
8.0%
7.8%
Disposable Diapers
Neg.
0.3%
1.3%
1.3%
1.3%
1.3%
1.5%
1.6%
1.6%
1.5%
Plastic Plates and Cups¥
0.1%
0.3%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
Trash Bags**
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
November 2019
26
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 18. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)
Products
Percent of Generation of Each Product
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Clothing and Footwear
1.5%
1.3%
1.4%
1.9%
2.7%
3.1%
3.6%
4.6%
4.8%
4.8%
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
0.1%
0.2%
0.9%
1.6%
1.7%
1.7%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
Total Nondurables
19.7%
20.7%
22.7%
25.0%
26.3%
25.1%
21.2%
19.8%
19.5%
18.9%
Containers and Packaging
31.1%
36.0%
34.7%
31.0%
31.2%
30.1%
30.1%
29.7%
29.8%
29.9%
(Detail in Table 23)
Total Product Wastest
62.0%
68.8%
71.8%
70.3%
73.4%
72.9%
70.9%
70.1%
70.3%
70.2%
Other Wastes
38.0%
31.2%
28.2%
29.7%
26.6%
27.1%
29.1%
29.9%
29.7%
29.8%
Total MSW Generated - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Generation before materials recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery or landfilling. Does not include construction & demolition
debris, industrial process wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
t Starting in 2010, newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other
Commercial Printing.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
*** High-grade paper such as printer paper; generated in both commercial and residential sources.
§ Marketing Mail: Not estimated separately prior to 1990. Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
¥ Plastic Plates and Cups: Not estimated separately prior to 1980.
t Other than food products.
Detailed data not available.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
27
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 19. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
350
940
1,360
3,460
6,580
7,970
9,390
9,880
10,580
10,800
(Detail in Table 15)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical Paperst
1,820
2,250
3,020
5,110
8,720
9,360
7,070
4,790
4,490
4,180
Directoriest**
50
120
120
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Nondurable Goods
Books and Magazines
100
260
280
Books**
100
240
270
-
-
-
-
Magazines**
300
710
960
-
-
-
-
Office-Type Papers***
250
710
870
1,700
4,090
4,110
-
-
-
-
Marketing Mail§
200
1,830
2,090
-
-
-
-
Other Commercial Printingt
130
340
350
700
810
1,440
-
-
-
-
Tissue Paper and Towels
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Paper Plates and Cups
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Other Nonpackaging Paper
40
110
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods
10,650
9,330
10,200
9,910
Disposable Diapers
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Plastic Plates and Cups¥
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Trash Bags**
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Clothing and Footwear
50
60
150
520
900
1,250
1,250
1,690
1,670
1,740
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
120
140
170
220
220
220
240
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
160
240
220
Total Nondurable Goods
2,390
3,730
4,670
8,800
17,560
19,770
19,190
16,190
16,820
16,290
Containers and Packaging
2,870
3,350
8,490
16,780
28,870
31,500
36,680
41,490
41,230
40,090
(Detail in Table 24)
Total Product Wastest
5,610
8,020
14,520
29,040
5 3,010
59,240
65,260
67,560
68,630
67,180
Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
16,450
20,550
20,170
23,390
25,110
26,990
Total MSW Recycled and Composted -
5,610
8,020
14,520
33,240
69,460
79,790
Weight
85,430
90,950
93,740
94,170
Products
Percent of Generation of Each Product
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
3.5%
6.4%
6.2%
11.6%
16.9%
17.7%
19.0%
18.3%
18.9%
18.9%
(Detail in Table 15)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical Paperst
25.6%
23.7%
27.3%
38.0%
59.0%
73.2%
71.6%
71.2%
71.7%
76.8%
Directoriest**
8.2%
17.6%
18.2%
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Nondurable Goods
Books and Magazines
5.2%
10.5%
8.3%
Books**
10.3%
19.4%
24.5%
-
-
-
-
Magazines**
10.6%
31.8%
37.2%
-
-
-
-
Office-Type Papers***
16.4%
26.8%
21.8%
26.5%
55.1%
62.1%
-
-
-
-
Marketing Mail§
5.2%
32.9%
35.8%
-
-
-
-
Other Commercial Printingt
10.3%
16.0%
11.2%
15.7%
11.0%
22.4%
-
-
-
-
Tissue Paper and Towels
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Paper Plates and Cups
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Other Nonpackaging Paper
1.5%
3.0%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Total Other Paper Nondurable Goods
45.0%
43.6%
48.0%
48.3%
November 2019
28
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 19. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)
Products
Percent of Generation of Each Product
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Disposable Diapers
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Plastic Plates and Cups¥
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Trash Bags**
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Clothing and Footwear
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
13.0%
13.9%
15.8%
13.7%
14.2%
13.2%
13.6%
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
16.9%
17.1%
17.3%
17.1%
16.3%
15.7%
16.3%
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4.0%
5.9%
5.4%
Total Nondurables
13.8%
14.9%
13.6%
16.9%
27.4%
31.1%
36.0%
31.2%
32.3%
32.1%
Containers and Packaging
10.5%
7.7%
16.1%
26.0%
38.1%
41.3%
48.6%
53.2%
51.9%
50.1%
(Detail in Table 25)
Total Product Wastest
10.3%
9.6%
13.3%
19.8%
29.7%
32.0%
36.6%
36.8%
36.6%
35.8%
Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.8%
25.4%
29.9%
27.6%
29.8%
31.7%
33.8%
Total MSW Recycled and Composted - %
6.4%
6.6%
9.6%
16.0%
28.5%
31.4%
34.0%
34.7%
35.1%
35.2%
Recycling and composting of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
t Starting in 2010, newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other
Commercial Printing.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
*** High-grade paper such as printer paper; generated in both commercial and residential sources.
§ Marketing Mail: Not estimated separately prior to 1990. Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
¥ Plastic Plates and Cups: Not estimated separately prior to 1980.
t Other than food products.
Detailed data not available.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
29
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 20. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid
Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total combusted)
Products
Thousands of Tons
I960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods 0 60 440 4,480 6,260 6,750 7,070 8,640 8,920
9,080
(Detail in Table 16)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical
Paperst
0
30
160
1,420
1,180
620
500
380
350
250
Directoriest**
100
110
100
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Nondurable
Goods
Books and Magazines
0
10
60
Books**
150
190
150
-
-
-
-
Magazines**
430
290
290
-
-
-
-
Office-Type Papers***
0
10
60
800
650
460
-
-
-
-
Marketing Mail§
620
730
680
-
-
-
-
Other Commercial Printingt
0
10
60
640
1,270
910
-
-
-
-
Tissue Paper and Towels
0
10
50
500
620
630
-
-
-
-
Paper Plates and Cups
0
Neg.
10
110
190
210
-
-
-
-
Other Nonpackaging Paper
0
10
80
650
820
820
-
-
-
-
Total Other Paper
Nondurable Goods
2,310
2,360
2,160
2,080
Disposable Diapers
Neg.
30
460
630
620
650
810
810
810
Plastic Plates and Cups¥
Neg.
110
170
170
160
210
210
210
Trash Bags**
130
160
190
170
220
220
220
Clothing and Footwear
0
10
50
590
1,080
1,210
1,390
2,010
2,160
2,160
Towels, Sheets and
Pillowcases**
100
130
150
190
220
230
240
Other Miscellaneous
Nondurables
0
Neg.
20
570
780
770
660
750
740
750
Total Nondurables
0
90
580
7,380
9,000
7,980
6,030
6,960
6,880
6,720
Containers and Packaging
0
150
880
8,110
9,110
8,160
6,870
7,160
7,480
7,860
(Detail in Table 26)
Total Product Wastest
0
300
1,900
19,970
24,370
22,890
19,970
22,760
23,280
23,660
Other Wastes
0
150
860
9,790
9,360
8,760
9,340
10,790
10,620
10,370
Total MSW Combusted with
Energy Recovery - Weight
0
450
2,760
29,760
33,730
31,650
29,310
33,550
33,900
34,030
Products
Percent of Total Combusted
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods 13.3% 15.9% 15.1% 18.6% 21.3% 24.1% 25.8% 26.3% 26.7%
(Detail in Table 16)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical
Paperst
6.7%
5.8%
4.8%
3.5%
2.0%
1.7%
1.1%
1.0%
0.7%
Directoriest**
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Nondurable
Goods
Books and Magazines
2.2%
2.2%
Books**
0.5%
0.6%
0.5%
-
-
-
-
Magazines**
1.4%
0.9%
0.9%
-
-
-
-
Office-Type Papers***
2.2%
2.2%
2.7%
1.8%
1.4%
-
-
-
-
Marketing Mail§
2.1%
2.2%
2.1%
-
-
-
-
Other Commercial Printingt
2.2%
2.2%
2.2%
3.8%
2.9%
-
-
-
-
November 2019
30
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 20. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid
Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total combusted)
Products
Percent of Total Combusted
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Tissue Paper and Towels
2.2%
1.8%
1.7%
1.8%
2.0%
-
-
-
-
Paper Plates and Cups
Neg.
0.4%
0.4%
0.6%
0.7%
-
-
-
-
Other Nonpackaging Paper
2.2%
2.8%
2.2%
2.4%
2.6%
-
-
-
-
Total Other Paper
Nondurable Goods
7.9%
7.0%
6.4%
6.1%
Disposable Diapers
Neg.
1.1%
1.5%
1.9%
2.0%
2.2%
2.4%
2.4%
2.4%
Plastic Plates and Cups¥
Neg.
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
Trash Bags**
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
Clothing and Footwear
2.2%
1.8%
2.0%
3.2%
3.8%
4.7%
6.0%
6.4%
6.3%
Towels, Sheets and
Pillowcases**
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
Other Miscellaneous
Nondurables
Neg.
0.7%
1.9%
2.3%
2.4%
2.3%
2.2%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Nondurables
19.9%
21.0%
24.8%
26.7%
25.2%
20.6%
20.7%
20.4%
19.8%
Containers and Packaging
33.3%
31.9%
27.3%
27.0%
25.8%
23.4%
21.4%
22.0%
23.0%
(Detail in Table 27)
Total Product Wastest
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
Other Wastes
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Combusted with
Energy Recovery - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Products and materials combusted with energy recovery estimated at percentage total MSW after recovery for recycling and composting. In 2016
and 2017,19.6 percent of MSW after recycling and composting was combusted with energy recovery. Does not include construction & demolition
debris, industrial process wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
t Starting in 2010, newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other
Commercial Printing.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
*** High-grade paper such as printer paper; generated in both commercial and residential sources.
§ Marketing Mail: Not estimated separately prior to 1990. Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
¥ Plastic Plates and Cups: Not estimated separately prior to 1980.
t Other than food products.
Detailed data not available.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
31
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 21. Products Landfilled* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total landfilled)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
9,570
13,660
20,000
21,870
26,030
30,340
32,890
35,420
36,590
37,240
(Detail in Table 17)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical Paperst
5,290
7,230
7,870
6,900
4,890
2,810
2,310
1,560
1,420
1,010
Directoriest**
460
450
440
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Nondurable Goods
Books and Magazines
1,820
2,200
3,050
Books**
720
810
680
-
-
-
-
Magazines**
2,100
1,230
1,330
-
-
-
-
Office-Type Papers***
1,270
1,930
3,070
3,910
2,680
2,050
-
-
-
-
Marketing Mail§
3,000
3,010
3,060
-
-
-
-
Other Commercial Printingt
1,130
1,780
2,710
3,120
5,300
4,090
-
-
-
-
Tissue Paper and Towels
1,090
2,070
2,250
2,460
2,600
2,830
-
-
-
-
Paper Plates and Cups
270
420
620
540
770
950
-
-
-
-
Other Nonpackaging Paper
2,660
3,510
4,150
3,190
3,430
3,670
-
-
-
-
Total Other Paper Nondurable
Goods
10,730
9,700
8,870
8,520
Disposable Diapers
350
1,900
2,240
2,600
2,790
3,050
3,360
3,370
3,340
Plastic Plates and Cups¥
190
540
700
760
730
840
860
870
Trash Bags**
650
690
870
810
910
900
920
Clothing and Footwear
1,310
1,550
1,970
2,900
4,490
5,430
6,460
8,240
8,850
8,900
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
490
550
660
880
910
950
990
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
100
200
1,390
2,770
3,250
3,480
3,060
3,140
3,100
3,140
Total Nondurables
14,940
21,240
29,170
35,990
37,450
35,900
28,030
28,660
28,320
27,690
Containers and Packaging
24,500
40,060
43,300
39,640
37,860
36,670
31,920
29,270
30,720
32,130
(Detail in Table 28)
Total Product Wastest
49,010
74,960
92,470
97,500
101,340
102,910
92,840
93,350
95,630
97,060
Other Wastes
33,500
37,630
41,890
47,770
38,920
39,380
43,470
44,260
43,550
42,530
Total MSW Landfilled - Weight
82,510
112,590
134,360
145,270
140,260
142,290
136,310
137,610
139,180
139,590
Products
'ercent of Total Landfilled
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
11.6%
12.1%
14.9%
15.1%
18.6%
21.3%
24.1%
25.7%
26.3%
26.7%
(Detail in Table 17)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers/Mechanical Paperst
6.4%
6.4%
5.9%
4.7%
3.5%
2.0%
1.7%
1.1%
1.0%
0.7%
Directoriest**
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Nondurable Goods
Books and Magazines
2.2%
2.0%
2.3%
Books**
0.5%
0.6%
0.5%
-
-
-
-
Magazines**
1.4%
0.9%
0.9%
-
-
-
-
Office-Type Papers***
1.5%
1.7%
2.3%
2.7%
1.9%
1.4%
-
-
-
-
Marketing Mail§
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
-
-
-
-
Other Commercial Printing
1.4%
1.6%
2.0%
2.1%
3.8%
2.9%
-
-
-
-
Tissue Paper and Towels
1.3%
1.8%
1.7%
1.7%
1.9%
2.0%
-
-
-
-
Paper Plates and Cups
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.5%
0.7%
-
-
-
-
Other Nonpackaging Paper
3.2%
3.1%
3.1%
2.2%
2.4%
2.6%
-
-
-
-
Total Other Paper Nondurable
Goods
7.9%
7.0%
6.4%
6.1%
November 2019
32
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 21. Products Landfilled* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Nondurable Goods)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total landfilled)
Products
ercent of Total Landfilled
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Disposable Diapers
Neg.
0.3%
1.4%
1.5%
1.9%
2.0%
2.2%
2.4%
2.4%
2.4%
Plastic Plates and Cups¥
0.1%
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
Trash Bags**
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.7%
0.6%
0.7%
Clothing and Footwear
1.6%
1.4%
1.5%
2.0%
3.2%
3.8%
4.7%
6.0%
6.4%
6.4%
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
Other Miscellaneous
Nondurables
0.1%
0.2%
1.0%
1.9%
2.3%
2.4%
2.3%
2.3%
2.2%
2.2%
Total Nondurables
18.1%
18.9%
21.7%
24.8%
26.7%
25.2%
20.6%
20.8%
20.3%
19.8%
Containers and Packaging
29.7%
35.6%
32.2%
27.3%
27.0%
25.8%
23.4%
21.4%
22.1%
23.0%
(Detail in Table 29)
Total Product Wastest
59.4%
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
Other Wastes
40.6%
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Landfilled - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Landfilling after recycling, composting and combustion with energy recovery. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process
wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
t Starting in 2010, newsprint and groundwood inserts expanded to include directories and other mechanical papers previously counted as Other
Commercial Printing.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
*** High-grade paper such as printer paper; generated in both commercial and residential sources.
§ Marketing Mail: Not estimated separately prior to 1990. Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
¥ Plastic Plates and Cups: Not estimated separately prior to 1980.
t Other than food products.
Detailed data not available.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
33
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 22. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods 9,920 14,660 21,800 29,810 38,870 45,060 49,350 53,940
56,090
57,120
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods 17,330 25,060 34,420 52,170 64,010 63,650 53,250
51,810
52,020
50,700
(Detail in Table 18)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
1,400
5,580 F 6,740
5,640
5,710 6,540 5,670
5,320
5,400
5,270
Wine and Liquor Bottles
1,080
1,900 F 2,450
2,030
1,910 1,630 1,700
1,810
1,780
1,740
Other Bottles & Jars
3,710
4,440 F 4,780
4,160
3,420 2,290 1,990
1,990
1,910
1,920
Total Glass Packaging
6,190
11,920 T 13,970
11,830
11,040 10,460 9,360
9,120
9,090
8,930
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
640
1,570 1 520
150
Neg. Neg. Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Cans
3,760
3,540 F 2,850
2,540
2,630 2,130 2,300
1,740
1,710
1,480
Other Steel Packaging
260
270 240
200
240 240 440
480
430
530
Total Steel Packaging
4,660
5,380 F 3,610
2,890
2,870 2,370 2,740
2,220
2,140
2,010
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Neg.
100 1 850
1,550
1,520 1,450 1,370
1,220
1,250
1,260
Other Cans
Neg.
60 40
20
50 80 70
130
120
130
Foil and Closures
170
410 380
330
380 400 460
490
530
500
Total Aluminum Packaging
170
570 F 1,270
1,900
1,950 1,930 1,900
1,840
1,900
1,890
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
7,330
12,760
17,080
24,010
30,210
30,930
29,050
31,330
31,520
32,540
Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartons*
790
510
550 500 540
590
600
590
Folding Cartons
3,820
4,300
5,820 5,530 5,470
5,380
5,300
5,330
Other Paperboard Packaging
3,840
4,830
230
290
200 160 90
70
80
50
Bags and Sacks
3,380
2,440
1,490 1,120 1,040
930
1,090
1,100
Wrapping Papers
200
110
Neg. Neg. Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Other Paper Packaging
2,940
3,810
850
1,020
1,670
1,400 1,490
1,620
1,400
1,450
Subtotal Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
6,780
8,640
9,270
8,670
9,730
8,710 8,630
8,590
8,470
8,520
Total Paper & Board Pkg
14,110
21,400
26,350
32,680
39,940
39,640 37,680
39,920
39,990
41,060
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
260
430
1,720
2,540
2,670
2,980
3,080
2,960
HDPE Natural Bottles
230
530
690
800
800
760
770
770
Other Containers
60
910
890
1,430
1,740
1,420
1,830
1,940
1,970
1,990
Bags and Sacks
390
940
1,650
1,640
770
-
-
-
Wraps
840
1,530
2,550
2,810
3,160
-
-
-
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
1,230
2,470
4,200
4,450
3,930
4,130
4,090
4,140
Other Plastics Packaging
60
1,180
790
2,040
2,840
3,210
4,450
4,870
4,600
4,630
Total Plastics Packaging
120
2,090
3,400
6,900
11,190
12,420
13,680
14,680
14,510
14,490
Other Packaging
Wood Packaging
2,000
2,070
3,940
8,180
8,610
9,230
9,770
9,770
11,450
11,350
Other Misc. Packaging
120
130
130
150
240
280
340
370
350
350
Total Containers & Pkg
27,370
43,560
52,670
64,530
75,840
76,330
75,470
77,920
79,430
80,080
Total Product Wastes t
54,620
83,280
108,890
146,510
178,720
185,040
178,070
183,670
187,540
187,900
November 2019
34
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 22. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970 1980
1990
2000 2005 2010
2015
2016
2017
Other Wastes
Food
12,200
12,800 Fl3,000
23,860
30,700 32,930 35,740
39,730
40,310
40,670
Yard Trimmings
20,000
23,200 ^27,500
35,000
30,530 32,070 33,400
34,720
34,950
35,180
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1,300
1,780 F 2,250
2,900
3,500 3,690 3,840
3,990
4,020
4,040
Total Other Wastes
33,500
37,780 T42,750
61,760
64,730 68,690 72,980
78,440
79,280
79,890
Total MSW Generated - Weight 88,120 121,060 151,640 208,270 243,450 253,730 251,050 262,110 266,820 267,790
Generation before materials recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery or landfilling. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
t Includes milk, juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons,
t Other than food products. Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. NA = Not Available - Detailed data not available.
November 2019
35
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 23. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In percent of total generation)
Products
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
11.3%
12.1%
14.4%
14.3%
16.0%
17.8%
19.7%
20.6%
21.0%
21.4%
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
19.7%
20.7%
22.7%
25.0%
26.3%
25.1%
21.2%
19.8%
19.5%
18.9%
(Detail in Table 18)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
1.6%
4.6%
4.4%
2.7%
2.3%
2.6%
2.3%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
Wine and Liquor Bottles
1.2%
1.6%
1.6%
1.0%
0.8%
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
Other Bottles & Jars
4.2%
3.7%
3.2%
2.0%
1.4%
0.9%
0.8%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
Total Glass Packaging
7.0%
9.8%
9.2%
5.7%
4.5%
4.1%
3.7%
3.5%
3.4%
3.4%
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
0.7%
1.3%
0.3%
0.1%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Cans
4.3%
2.9%
1.9%
1.2%
1.1%
0.8%
0.9%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
Other Steel Packaging
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
Total Steel Packaging
5.3%
4.4%
2.4%
1.4%
1.2%
0.9%
1.1%
0.9%
0.8%
0.8%
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Neg.
0.1%
0.6%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
Other Cans
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
0.03%
0.04%
0.05%
0.05%
Foil and Closures
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
Total Aluminum Packaging
0.2%
0.5%
0.8%
0.9%
0.8%
0.8%
0.8%
0.7%
0.8%
0.8%
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
8.3%
10.5%
11.3%
11.5%
12.4%
12.2%
11.6%
12.0%
11.8%
12.2%
Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
1
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartons*
0.5%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
Folding Cartons
2.5%
2.1%
2.4%
2.2%
2.2%
2.1%
2.0%
2.0%
Other Paperboard Packaging
4.4%
4.0%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Bags and Sacks
2.2%
1.2%
0.6%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
Wrapping Papers
0.1%
0.1%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Other Paper Packaging
3.3%
3.1%
0.6%
0.5%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.5%
Subtotal Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
3.4%
3.3%
3.2%
3.1%
Total Paper & Board Pkg
16.0%
17.7%
17.4%
15.7%
16.4%
15.6%
15.0%
15.3%
15.0%
15.3%
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
0.2%
0.2%
0.7%
1.0%
1.1%
1.1%
1.2%
1.1%
HDPE Natural Bottles
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
Other Containers
0.1%
0.8%
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
Bags and Sacks
0.3%
0.5%
0.7%
0.6%
0.3%
-
-
-
Wraps
0.6%
0.7%
1.0%
1.1%
1.3%
-
-
-
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
0.8%
1.2%
1.7%
1.8%
1.6%
1.6%
1.5%
1.5%
Other Plastics Packaging
0.1%
1.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.2%
1.3%
1.8%
1.8%
1.7%
1.7%
Total Plastics Packaging
0.1%
1.7%
2.2%
3.3%
4.6%
4.9%
5.4%
5.5%
5.4%
5.3%
Other Packaging
Wood Packaging
2.3%
1.7%
2.6%
3.9%
3.5%
3.6%
3.9%
3.7%
4.3%
4.2%
Other Misc. Packaging
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
Total Containers & Pkg
31.1%
36.0%
34.7%
31.0%
31.2%
30.1%
30.1%
29.7%
29.8%
29.9%
Total Product Wastes t
62.0%
68.8%
71.8%
70.3%
73.4%
72.9%
70.9%
70.1%
70.3%
70.2%
November 2019
36
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 23. Products Generated* in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In percent of total generation)
Products
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Other Wastes
Food
13.8%
10.6%
8.6%
11.5%
12.6%
13.0%
14.2%
15.2%
15.1%
15.2%
Yard Trimmings
22.7%
19.2%
18.1%
16.8%
12.5%
12.6%
13.3%
13.2%
13.1%
13.1%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.4%
1.4%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
Total Other Wastes
38.0%
31.2%
28.2%
29.7%
26.6%
27.1%
29.1%
29.9%
29.7%
29.8%
Total MSW Recycled and Composted - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Generation before materials recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery or landfilling. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
t Includes milk, juice, and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons.
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
November 2019
37
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 24. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Thousands of Tons
I960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
350
940
1,360
3,460
6,580
7,970
9,390
9,880
10,580
10,800
(Detail in Table 15)
Nondurable Goods
2,390
3,730
4,670
8,800
17,560
19,770
19,190
16,190
16,820
16,290
(Detail in Table 19)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
90
140
730
1,890
1,530
2,000
2,350
2,230
2,230
2,060
Wine and Liquor Bottles
10
10
20
210
430
250
540
660
640
680
Other Bottles & Jars
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
520
920
340
240
300
290
290
Total Glass Packaging
100
150
750
2,620
2,880
2,590
3,130
3,190
3,160
3,030
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
10
20
50
40
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Cans
20
60
150
590
1,530
1,340
1,540
1,240
1,210
1,050
Other Steel Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
60
160
160
350
380
340
420
Total Steel Packaging
30
80
200
690
1,690
1,500
1,890
1,620
1,550
1,470
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Neg.
10
320
990
830
650
680
670
620
620
Other Cans
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
NA
NA
NA
NA
Foil and Closures
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
20
30
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
Total Aluminum Pkg
Neg.
10
320
1,010
860
690
680
670
620
620
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
2,520
2,760
6,390
11,530
20,330
22,100
24,690
28,930
29,150
28,780
Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartonst
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Folding Cartons
520
340
410
1,190
-
-
-
-
Other Paperboard Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Bags and Sacks
Neg.
200
300
320
-
-
-
-
Wrapping Papers
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Packaging
220
350
300
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Subtotal Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
2,160
2,270
1,680
1,300
Total Paper & Board Pkg
2,740
3,110
7,210
12,070
21,040
23,610
26,850
31,200
30,830
30,080
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
10
140
380
590
780
890
880
860
HDPE Natural Bottles
Neg.
20
210
230
220
230
230
240
Other Containers
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
20
170
140
300
360
350
300
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
Neg.
60
180
230
450
530
520
390
Other Plastics Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
20
90
90
100
140
150
100
Total Plastics Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
10
260
1,030
1,280
1,850
2,150
2,130
1,890
Other Packaging
Wood Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
130
1,370
1,830
2,280
2,660
2,940
3,000
Other Misc. Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Containers & Pkg
2,870
3,350
8,490
16,780
28,870
31,500
36,680
41,490
41,230
40,090
Total Product Wastes t
5,610
8,020
14,520
29,040
53,010
59,240
65,260
67,560
68,630
67,180
November 2019
38
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 24. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Other Wastes
FoodA
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
680
690
970
2,100
2,150
2,570
Yard Trimmings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
15,770
19,860
19,200
21,290
22,960
24,420
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
16,450
20,550
20,170
23,390
25,110
26,990
Total MSW Recycled and Composted - Weight
5,610
8,020
14,520
33,240
69,460
79,790
85,430
90,950
93,740
94,170
* Recycling and composting of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
t Includes milk, juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons,
t Other than food products.
A Includes collection of other MSW organics for composting.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. NA = Not Available - Detailed data not available.
November 2019
39
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 25. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In percent of generation of each product)
Products
Percent of Generation of Each Product
I960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
3.5%
6.4%
6.2%
11.6%
16.9%
17.7%
19.0%
18.3%
18.9%
18.9%
(Detail in Table 15)
Nondurable Goods
13.8%
14.9%
13.6%
16.9%
27.4%
31.1%
36.0%
31.2%
32.3%
32.1%
(Detail in Table 19)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
6.4%
2.5%
10.8%
33.5%
26.8%
30.6%
41.4%
41.9%
41.3%
39.1%
Wine and Liquor Bottles
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
10.3%
22.5%
15.3%
31.8%
36.5%
36.0%
39.1%
Other Bottles & Jars
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
12.5%
26.9%
14.8%
12.1%
15.1%
15.2%
15.1%
Total Glass Packaging
1.6%
1.3%
5.4%
22.1%
26.1%
24.8%
33.4%
35.0%
34.8%
33.9%
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
1.6%
1.3%
9.6%
26.7%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Cans
Neg.
1.7%
5.3%
23.2%
58.2%
62.9%
67.0%
71.3%
70.8%
70.9%
Other Steel Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
30.0%
66.7%
66.7%
79.5%
79.2%
79.1%
79.2%
Total Steel Packaging
Neg.
1.5%
5.5%
23.9%
58.9%
63.3%
69.0%
73.0%
72.4%
73.1%
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Neg.
10.0%
37.6%
63.9%
54.6%
44.8%
49.6%
54.9%
49.6%
49.2%
Other Cans
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
NA
NA
NA
NA
Foil and Closures
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.1%
7.9%
10.0%
NA
NA
NA
NA
Total Aluminum Pkg
Neg.
1.8%
25.2%
53.2%
44.1%
35.8%
35.8%
36.4%
32.6%
32.8%
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
34.4%
21.6%
37.4%
48.0%
67.3%
71.5%
85.0%
92.3%
92.5%
88.4%
Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
n
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartons*
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Folding Cartons
Neg.
Neg.
7.0%
21.5%
-
-
-
-
Other Paperboard Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Bags and Sacks
Neg.
Neg.
20.1%
28.6%
-
-
-
-
Wrapping Papers
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Packaging
7.5%
9.2%
35.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Subtotal Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
25.0%
26.4%
19.8%
15.3%
Total Paper & Board Pkg
19.4%
14.5%
27.4%
36.9%
52.7%
59.6%
71.3%
78.2%
77.1%
73.3%
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
3.8%
32.6%
22.1%
23.2%
29.2%
29.9%
28.6%
29.1%
HDPE Natural Bottles
Neg.
3.8%
30.4%
28.8%
27.5%
30.3%
29.9%
31.2%
Other Containers
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1.4%
9.8%
9.9%
16.4%
18.6%
17.8%
15.1%
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
Neg.
2.4%
4.3%
5.2%
11.5%
12.8%
12.7%
9.4%
Other Plastics Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1.0%
3.2%
2.8%
2.2%
2.9%
3.3%
2.2%
Total Plastics Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
3.8%
9.2%
10.3%
13.5%
14.6%
14.7%
13.0%
Other Packaging
Wood Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1.6%
15.9%
19.8%
23.3%
27.2%
25.7%
26.4%
Other Misc. Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Containers & Pkg
10.5%
7.7%
16.1%
26.0%
38.1%
41.3%
48.6%
53.2%
51.9%
5 0.1%
Total Product Wastes t
10.3%
9.6%
13.3%
19.8%
29.7%
32.0%
36.6%
36.8%
36.6%
35.8%
November 2019
40
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 25. Products Recycled and Composted* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In percent of generation of each product)
Products
Percent of Generation of Each Product
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Other Wastes
FoodA
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
2.2%
2.1%
2.7%
5.3%
5.3%
6.3%
Yard Trimmings
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
12.0%
51.7%
61.9%
57.5%
61.3%
65.7%
69.4%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Total Other Wastes
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.8%
25.4%
29.9%
27.6%
29.8%
31.7%
33.8%
Total MSW Recycled and Composted - %
6.4%
6.6%
9.6%
16.0%
28.5%
31.4%
34.0%
34.7%
35.1%
35.2%
* Recycling and composting of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
t Includes milk, juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons,
t Other than food products.
A Includes collection of other MSW organics for composting.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. NA = Not Available - Detailed data not available.
November 2019
41
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 26. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
0
60
440
4,480
6,260
6,750
7,070
8,640
8,920
9,080
(Detail in Table 16)
Nondurable Goods
0
90
580
7,380
9,000
7,980
6,030
6,960
6,880
6,720
(Detail in Table 20)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
0
20
120
640
810
830
590
610
620
630
Wine and Liquor Bottles
0
10
50
310
290
250
210
230
220
210
Other Bottles & Jars
0
20
100
620
490
350
310
330
320
320
Total Glass Packaging
0
50
270
1,570
1,590
1,430
1,110
1,170
1,160
1,160
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
0
10
10
20
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Cans
0
10
50
330
210
140
130
100
100
80
Other Steel Packaging
0
Neg.
Neg.
20
20
10
20
20
20
20
Total Steel Packaging
0
20
60
370
230
150
150
120
120
100
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
0
Neg.
10
100
130
150
120
110
120
130
Other Cans
0
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
10
10
10
30
20
30
Foil and Closures
0
Neg.
10
50
70
70
80
100
100
100
Total Aluminum Pkg
0
Neg.
20
150
210
230
210
240
240
260
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
0
40
210
2,120
1,920
1,610
770
470
460
740
Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartons*
20
90
110
90
-
-
-
-
Folding Cartons
70
670
1,050
790
-
-
-
-
Other Paperboard Packaging
0
20
Neg.
50
40
30
-
-
-
-
Bags and Sacks
70
380
230
150
-
-
-
-
Wrapping Papers
Neg.
20
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Packaging
0
10
10
170
320
250
-
-
-
-
Subtotal Other Paper &
Paperboard Pkg
1,150
1,240
1,330
1,420
Total Paper & Board Pkg
0
70
380
3,500
3,670
2,920
1,920
1,710
1,790
2,160
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
Neg.
50
260
350
330
410
430
410
HDPE Natural Bottles
Neg.
90
90
100
100
100
110
100
Other Containers
0
Neg.
20
240
300
230
270
310
320
330
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
30
410
780
770
620
710
700
740
Other Plastics Packaging
0
Neg.
20
340
530
570
770
930
870
890
Total Plastics Packaging
0
Neg.
70
1,130
1,960
2,020
2,090
2,460
2,430
2,470
November 2019
42
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 26. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid Waste,
1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Other Packaging
Wood Packaging
°T
10
80
1,370
1,400
1,350
1,330
1,390
1,670
1,640
Other Misc. Packaging
oT
Neg.
Neg.
20
50
60
60
70
70
70
Total Containers & Pkg
oT
ISO
880
8,110
9,110
8,160
6,870
7,160
7,480
7,860
Total Product Wastest
oT
300
1,900
19,970
24,370
22,890
19,970
22,760
23,280
23,660
Other Wastes
Food
oT
50
260
4,060
5,820
5,870
6,150
7,380
7,480
7,470
Yard Trimmings
°T
90
550
5,240
2,860
2,220
2,510
2,630
2,350
2,110
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
°T
10
50
490
680
670
680
780
790
790
Total Other Wastes
oT
ISO
860
9,790
9,360
8,760
9,340
10,790
10,620
10,370
Total MSW Combusted with Energy
Recovery - Weight
0
45 0
2,760
29,760
33,730
31,650
29,310
33,550
33,900
34,030
Products and materials combusted with energy recovery estimated at percentage total MSW after recovery for recycling and composting. In 2016
and 2017,19.6 percent of MSW after recycling and composting was combusted with energy recovery. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
t Includes milk, juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons,
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. NA = Not Available - Detailed data not available.
November 2019
43
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 27. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid
Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In percent of total combusted)
Products
Percent of Total Combusted
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods 13.3% 15.9% 15.1% 18.6% 21.3% 24.1% 25.8% 26.3% 26.7%
(Detail in Table 16)
Nondurable Goods 19.9% 21.0% 24.8% 26.7% 25.2% 20.6% 20.7% 20.4% 19.8%
(Detail in Table 20)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
4.5%
4.3%
2.2%
2.4%
2.6%
2.0%
1.8%
1.8%
1.9%
Wine and Liquor Bottles
2.2%
1.8%
1.0%
0.8%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
Other Bottles & Jars
4.4%
3.6%
2.1%
1.5%
1.1%
1.1%
1.0%
0.9%
0.9%
Total Glass Packaging
11.1%
9.8%
5.3%
4.7%
4.5%
3.8%
3.5%
3.3%
3.4%
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
2.2%
0.4%
0.1%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Cans
2.2%
1.8%
1.1%
0.6%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
Other Steel Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
Total Steel Packaging
4.4%
2.2%
1.2%
0.7%
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Neg.
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
Other Cans
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
Foil and Closures
Neg.
0.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
Total Aluminum Pkg
Neg.
0.7%
0.5%
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
8.9%
7.6%
7.1% | 5.7% 5.1% | 2.6% | 1.4% 1.4%
2.2%
Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartons*
0.7%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
-
-
-
-
Folding Cartons
2.5%
2.3%
3.1%
2.5%
-
-
-
-
Other Paperboard Packaging
4.5%
Neg.
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
-
-
-
-
Bags and Sacks
2.5%
1.3%
0.7%
0.4%
-
-
-
-
Wrapping Papers
Neg.
0.1%
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Packaging
2.2%
0.4%
0.6%
1.0%
0.8%
-
-
-
-
Subtotal Other Paper &
Paperboard Pkg
3.9%
3.7%
3.9%
4.2%
Total Paper & Board Pkg
15.6%
13.8%
11.8%
10.9%
9.2%
6.6%
5.1%
5.3%
6.3%
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
Neg.
0.2%
0.8%
1.1%
1.1%
1.3%
1.3%
1.2%
HDPE Natural Bottles
Neg.
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
Other Containers
Neg.
0.7%
0.8%
0.9%
0.7%
0.9%
0.9%
0.9%
1.0%
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
1.1%
1.4%
2.3%
2.4%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
2.2%
Other Plastics Packaging
Neg.
0.7%
1.1%
1.5%
1.8%
2.6%
2.8%
2.6%
2.6%
Total Plastics Packaging
Neg.
2.5%
3.8%
5.8%
6.4%
7.1%
7.4%
7.2%
7.3%
Other Packaging
Wood Packaging
2.2%
2.9%
4.6%
4.2%
4.3%
4.5%
4.1%
4.9%
4.8%
Other Misc. Packaging
Neg.
Neg.
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
Total Containers & Pkg
33.3%
31.9%
27.3%
27.0%
25.8%
23.4%
21.4%
22.0%
23.0%
Total Product Wastes t
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
November 2019
44
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 27. Products Combusted with Energy Recovery* in Municipal Solid
Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In percent of total combusted)
Products
Percent of Total Combusted
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Other Wastes
Food
11.1%
9.4%
13.6%
17.3%
18.5%
21.0%
22.0%
22.1%
22.0%
Yard Trimmings
20.0%
20.0%
17.6%
8.5%
7.0%
8.6%
7.8%
6.9%
6.2%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
2.3%
1.8%
1.7%
1.9%
2.1%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Other Wastes
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Combusted with Energy
Recovery - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Products and materials combusted with energy recovery estimated at percentage total MSW after recovery for recycling and composting. In 2016
and 2017,19.6 percent of MSW after recycling and composting was combusted with energy recovery. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
t Includes milk, juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons,
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. NA = Not Available - Detailed data not available.
November 2019
45
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 28. Products Landfilled* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000 2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods 9,570 13,660 20,000 21,870 26,030 30,340 32,890 35,420 36,590 37,240
(Detail in Table 17)
Nondurable Goods 14,940 21,240 29,170 35,990 37,450 35,900 28,030 28,660 28,320 27,690
(Detail in Table 21)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
1,310
5,420
5,890
3,110
3,370
3,710 2,730
2,480
2,550
2,580
Wine and Liquor Bottles
1,070
1,880
2,380
1,510
1,190
1,130 950
920
920
850
Other Bottles & Jars
3,710
4,420
4,680
3,020
2,010
1,600 1,440
1,360
1,300
1,310
Total Glass Packaging
6,090
11,720
12,950
7,640
6,570
6,440 5,120
4,760
4,770
4,740
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
630
1,540
460
90
Neg.
Neg. Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Cans
3,740
3,470
2,650
1,620
890
650 630
400
400
350
Other Steel Packaging
260
270
240
120
60
70 70
80
70
90
Total Steel Packaging
4,630
5,280
3,350
1,830
950
720 700
480
470
440
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Neg.
90
520
460
560
650 570
440
510
510
Other Cans
Neg.
60
40
20
40
70 60
100
100
100
Foil and Closures
170
410
370
260
280
290 380
390
430
400
Total Aluminum Pkg
170
560
930
740
880
1,010 1,010
930
1,040
1,010
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
4,810 9,960 10,480 10,360 7,960 7,220 3,590 1,930 1,910
3,020
Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartonst
770
420
440
410
-
-
-
Folding Cartons
3,230
3,290
4,360
3,550
-
-
-
Other Paperboard Packaging
3,840
4,810
230
240
160
130
-
-
-
Bags and Sacks
3,310
1,860
960
650
-
-
-
Wrapping Papers
200
90
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
Other Paper Packaging
2,720
3,450
540
850
1,350
1,150
-
-
-
Subtotal Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
5,320
5,080
5,460
5,800
Total Paper & Board Pkg
11,370
18,220
18,760
17,110
15,230
13,110
8,910
7,010
7,370
8,820
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
250
240
1,080
1,600 1,560
1,680
1,770
1,690
HDPE Natural Bottles
230
420
390
470 480
430
430
430
Other Containers
60
910
870
1,170
1,270
1,050 1,260
1,270
1,300
1,360
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
1,200
2,000
3,240
3,450 2,860
2,890
2,870
3,010
Other Plastics Packaging
60
1,180
770
1,680
2,220
2,550 3,580
3,800
3,580
3,640
Total Plastics Packaging
120
2,090
3,320
5,510
8,200
9,120 9,740
10,070
9,950
10,130
Other Packaging
Wood Packaging
2,000
2,060
3,860
6,680
5,840
6,050 6,160
5,720
6,840
6,710
Other Misc. Packaging
120
130
130
130
190
220 280
300
280
280
Total Containers & Pkg
24,500
40,060
43,300
39,640
37,860
36,670 31,920
29,270
30,720
32,130
Total Product Wastest
49,010
74,960
92,470
97,500
101,340
102,910 92,840
93,350
95,630
97,060
Other Wastes
Food
12,200
12,750
12,740
19,800
24,200
26,370 28,620
30,250
30,680
30,630
Yard Trimmings
20,000
23,110
26,950
25,560
11,900
9,990 11,690
10,800
9,640
8,650
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1,300
1,770
2,200
2,410
2,820
3,020 3,160
3,210
3,230
3,250
Total Other Wastes
33,500
37,630
41,890
47,770
38,920
39,380 43,470
44,260
43,550
42,530
Total MSW Landfilled - Weight 82,510 112,590 134,360 145,270 140,260 142,290 136,310 137,610 139,180 139,590
* Landfilling after recycling, composting and combustion with energy recovery. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process
wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
t Includes milk, juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons,
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. NA = Not Available - Detailed data not available.
November 2019
46
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 29. Products Landfilled* in Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017
(With Detail on Containers and Packaging)
(In percent of total landfilled)
Products
Percent of Total Landfilled
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Durable Goods
11.6%
12.1%
14.9%
15.0%
h-»
co
CI
21.3%
24.1%
25.7%
26.3%
26.7%
(Detail in Table 17)
Nondurable Goods
18.1%
18.9%
21.7%
24.8%
26.7%
25.2%
20.6%
20.8%
20.3%
19.8%
(Detail in Table 21)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles**
1.6%
4.8%
4.4%
2.1%
2.4%
2.6%
2.0%
1.8%
1.8%
1.8%
Wine and Liquor Bottles
1.3%
1.7%
1.8%
1.0%
0.8%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
Other Bottles & Jars
4.5%
3.9%
3.5%
2.1%
1.5%
1.1%
1.1%
1.0%
0.9%
0.9%
Total Glass Packaging
7.4%
10.4%
9.6%
5.3%
4.7%
4.5%
3.8%
3.5%
3.4%
3.4%
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
0.8%
1.4%
0.3%
0.1%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Cans
4.5%
3.1%
2.0%
1.1%
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
Other Steel Packaging
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
Total Steel Packaging
5.6%
4.7%
2.5%
1.3%
0.7%
0.5%
0.6%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Neg.
0.1%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.4%
Other Cans
Neg.
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
Foil and Closures
0.2%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
Total Aluminum Pkg
0.2%
0.5%
0.7%
0.5%
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
0.8%
0.8%
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
5.8%
8.8%
7.8%
7.1%
5.7%
5.1%
2.6%
1.4%
1.4%
2.2%
Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Gable Top/Aseptic Cartonst
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
-
-
-
-
Folding Cartons
2.4%
2.3%
3.1%
2.5%
-
-
-
-
Other Paperboard Packaging
4.7%
4.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
-
-
-
-
Bags and Sacks
2.5%
1.3%
0.7%
0.4%
-
-
-
-
Wrapping Papers
0.1%
0.1%
Neg.
Neg.
-
-
-
-
Other Paper Packaging
3.3%
3.1%
0.4%
0.6%
1.0%
0.8%
-
-
-
-
Subtotal Other Paper & Paperboard Pkg
3.9%
3.7%
3.9%
4.2%
Total Paper & Board Pkg
13.8%
16.2%
14.0%
11.8%
10.9%
9.2%
6.5%
5.1%
5.3%
6.4%
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
0.2%
0.2%
0.8%
1.1%
1.1%
1.2%
1.3%
1.2%
HDPE Natural Bottles
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
Other Containers
0.1%
0.8%
0.6%
0.8%
0.9%
0.7%
0.9%
0.9%
0.9%
1.0%
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks and Wraps
0.9%
1.4%
2.3%
2.4%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
2.2%
Other Plastics Packaging
0.1%
1.0%
0.6%
1.2%
1.5%
1.8%
2.6%
2.8%
2.5%
2.6%
Total Plastics Packaging
0.1%
1.9%
2.5%
3.8%
5.8%
6.4%
7.1%
7.3%
7.1%
7.3%
Other Packaging
Wood Packaging
2.4%
1.8%
2.9%
4.6%
4.2%
4.3%
4.5%
4.2%
4.9%
4.8%
Other Misc. Packaging
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
Total Containers & Pkg
29.7%
35.6%
32.2%
27.3%
27.0%
25.8%
23.4%
21.4%
22.1%
23.0%
Total Product Wastest
59.4%
66.6%
68.8%
67.1%
72.3%
72.3%
68.1%
67.9%
68.7%
69.5%
Other Wastes
Food
14.8%
11.3%
9.5%
13.6%
17.3%
18.5%
21.0%
22.0%
22.1%
22.0%
Yard Trimmings
24.2%
20.5%
20.1%
17.6%
8.5%
7.0%
8.6%
7.8%
6.9%
6.2%
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.7%
1.9%
2.2%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
Total Other Wastes
40.6%
33.4%
31.2%
32.9%
27.7%
27.7%
31.9%
32.1%
31.3%
30.5%
Total MSW Landfilled - %
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
* Landfilling after recycling, composting and combustion with energy recovery. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process
wastes or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated water, teas, flavored drinks and ready-to-drink alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
t Includes milk, juice and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons,
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. NA = Not Available - Detailed data not available.
November 2019
47
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 30. Selected Examples of Source Reduction Practices
MSW Product Categories
Source Reduction
Practice
Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
Containers & Packaging
Organics
(Wood, Yard Waste, Food, etc.)
Product or Packaging Redesign
Materials
reduction
¦ Downgauge metals in
appliances
¦ Use fewer materials in
electronics
¦ Use paperless
purchase orders
¦ Use concentrated
products
¦ Implement container
lightweighting
¦ Use right size packaging
¦ Eliminate unnecessary
layers of packaging
¦ Use refillable/reusable
containers, including use
of flexible pouches for
refills for rigid containers
¦ Implement xeriscaping
¦ Use just in time ordering
/ inventory control
¦ Adjust menus to reduce
frequently uneaten or
wasted items
Materials
substitution
¦ Use of composites in
appliances and
electronic circuitry
¦ Replace rigid or heavy
packaging with lighter or
more compact options,
e.g., cereal in bags, coffee
in brick packs
¦ Use life cycle data to
choose material with
lower lifecycle impact
Lengthen
product
lifespan
¦ Use high mileage tires
¦ Design for upgrades
(e.g., add computer
memory or processing
capacity, battery
upgrades)
¦ Perform regular
servicing
¦ Consider purchasing
warranties to make
repair more
affordable
¦ Extend warranties
¦ Design for secondary use
¦ Use Reusable packaging
¦ Clearer label information
on food expiration date
¦ Avoid spoilage by
changing:
— Packaging
— Storage and
transportation
— Supply chain
management
Consumer Practices
¦ Purchase long-lived
products
¦ Perform regular
servicing
¦ Perform repair
¦ Buy fewer items
¦ Perform repair
¦ Use duplex printing
¦ Share products
¦ Reduce unwanted
mail
¦ Purchase
concentrated
products
¦ Buy fewer items
¦ Purchase products in bulk
(less packaging)
¦ Use reusable bags and
containers
¦ Buy fewer items
¦ Donate food
¦ Avoid spoilage by
monitoring and tracking
food and purchases and
use
¦ Reduce over-purchasing
¦ Perform proper food
storage and preparation
¦ Repurpose (e.g., older
bread can be made into
croutons)
¦ Perform backyard
composting, vermi-
composting and
grasscycling
Reuse
By Design
¦ Document materials
and methods for
disassembly/
repair/reuse
¦ Use materials and
systems that exhibit
modularity, and
standardization to
facilitate reuse and
repair
— Minimize
connections
between parts
and/or make
connections more
accessible for ease
of repair and
¦ Use reusable shipping
or mailing envelopes
¦ Use reusable pallets
¦ Use returnable secondary
packaging
¦ Use reusable/refillable
dispensers for cleaning
products
¦ Use reusable service ware
in food service
¦ Use durable reusable
water bottles instead of
disposable bottles
November 2019
48
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 30. Selected Examples of Source Reduction Practices
MSW Product Categories
Source Reduction
Practice
Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
Containers & Packaging
Organics
(Wood, Yard Waste, Food, etc.)
replacement of
parts
— Use mechanical
connections with
bolts and screws
instead of glues,
to facilitate repair
— Minimize
connections to
increase ease of
repair or part
replacement
— Provide adequate
tolerances to
allow for removal
and replacement
or repair of parts
without affecting
adjacent
components
Secondary
¦ Borrow or rent for
temporary use
¦ Give to charity
¦ Buy or sell at garage
sales
¦ Donate clothing,
books
¦ Waste paper scratch
pads
¦ Use reusable grocery
sacks
¦ Reuse glass and plastic
bottles and jars
November 2019
49
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Table 31 A. Households with Residential Food Collection
Programs in the U.S., 2016
State
Curbside Households
Drop off Households
with Access
with Access
Alaska
—
500
California
2,709,408
41,730
Colorado
293,325
601,295
Connecticut
—
28,364
Illinois
107,243
207,000
Iowa
68,101
—
Maine
—
11,191
Maryland
18,225
—
Massachusetts
45,319
412,103
Michigan
47,419
—
Minnesota
186,044
1,056,443
New Hampshire
—
5,244
New Jersey
21,521
—
New York
790,000
3,153,535
North Carolina
—
509,000
Ohio
443
—
Oregon
186,341
—
Pennsylvania
3,600
—
Texas
52,000
—
Vermont
19,767
93,840
Virginia
—
20,000
Washington
980,578
253,622
Wisconsin
23,076
—
Households with Access to
Collection
5,552,410
6,393,867
Total U.S. Households
125,819,000
4.41%
125,819,000
5.08%
Source: Streeter, V.; Piatt B. 2017. Residential Food Waste Collection Access in the U.S. BioCycle
December. Supplemented with additional Internet research. U.S. Census Bureau (2018) Historical
Household Tables, Table HH-1. Households by Type: 1940 to Present.
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Table 31B. Households with Residential Food Collection
Programs in the U.S., 2017
State
Curbside Households
Drop off Households
with Access
with Access
Alaska
—
500
California
2,752,008
41,730
Colorado
293,325
601,295
Connecticut
—
28,364
District of Columbia
—
255,000
Idaho
73,738
—
Illinois
148,448
207,000
Iowa
83,601
—
Maine
926
23,012
Maryland
18,425
—
Massachusetts
45,319
412,103
Michigan
47,419
Minnesota
186,828
1,0 8/, OK)
New Hampshire
—
5,244
New Jersey
21,521
New York
790,090
3,159,035
North Carolina
—
509,000
Ohio
443
—
Oregon
188,441
—
Pennsylvania
3,600
—
Texas
403,000
—
Vermont
19,767
93,840
Virginia
3,025
25,166
Washington
980,578
253,622
Wisconsin
23,176
Households with Access to
Collection
6,083,678
6,701,927
Total U.S. Households
126,224,000
126,224,000
4.82%
5.31%
Source: Streeter, V.; Piatt B. 2017. Residential Food Waste Collection Access in the U.S. BioCycle
December. Supplemented with additional Internet research. U.S. Census Bureau (2018) Historical
Household Tables, Table HH-1. Households by Type: 1940 to Present.
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Table 32A. Material Recovery Facilities (MRF), 2016*
Region
Number
Estimated Throughput
(tons per day)
NORTHEAST
128
22,528
SOUTH
142
23,718
MIDWEST
139
18,016
WEST
123
26,867
U.S. Total
532
91,129
*Number of facilities and throughput include bale and ship operations receiving fiber, mainly old
corrugated cardboard (OCC), that bale and ship with no additional processing. Throughput is the tons
of waste processed by the facility.
Source: Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc. Data provided August 2019.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West
Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,
Utah, Washington, Wyoming
Table 32B. Material Recovery Facilities (MRF), 2017*
Region
Number
Estimated Throughput
(tons per day)
NORTHEAST
128
22,528
SOUTH
142
23,718
MIDWEST
139
18,016
WEST
123
26,867
U.S. Total
532
91,129
*Number of facilities and throughput include bale and ship operations receiving fiber, mainly old
corrugated cardboard (OCC), that bale and ship with no additional processing. Throughput is the tons
of waste processed by the facility.
Source: Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc. Data provided August 2019.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West
Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,
Utah, Washington, Wyoming
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Table 33A. Municipal Waste-To-Energy Projects, 2016
Region
Number
Operational
Design Capacity
(tons per day)
NORTHEAST
37
43,995
SOUTH
19
32,194
MIDWEST
14
11,524
WEST
7
7,310
U.S. Total*
77
95,023
*WTE includes mass burn, modular and refuse-derived fuel combustion facilities.
Source: "The 2016 ERC Directory of Waste-to-Energy Facilities." Energy Recovery Council (ERC). 2016.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West
Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,
Utah, Washington, Wyoming
Table 33B. Municipal Waste-To-Energy Projects, 2017
Region
Number
Operational
Design Capacity
(tons per day)
NORTHEAST
37
43,995
SOUTH
19
32,194
MIDWEST
14
11,524
WEST
7
7,310
U.S. Total*
77
95,023
*WTE includes mass burn, modular and refuse-derived fuel combustion facilities.
Source: "The 2016 ERC Directory of Waste-to-Energy Facilities." Energy Recovery Council (ERC). 2016.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West
Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,
Utah, Washington, Wyoming
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Table 34A. Landfill Facilities, 2016
Region
Number of Landfills
NORTHEAST
105
SOUTH
490
MIDWEST
345
WEST
327
U.S. Total
1,267
Source: U.S. EPA. Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) Facility-level database.
Data represents MSW landfills open July 2019 excluding landfills opening in 2017.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
Table 34B. Landfill Facilities, 2017
Region
Number of Landfills
NORTHEAST
105
SOUTH
491
MIDWEST
345
WEST
328
U.S. Total
1,269
Source: U.S. EPA. Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) Facility-level database.
Data represents MSW landfills open July 2019.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
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Table 35. Generation, Recycling, Composting, Combustion with Energy
Recovery and Landfilling of Municipal Solid Waste, 1960 to 2017
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Generation
88,120
121,060
151,640
208,270
243,450
253,730
251,050
262,110
266,820
267,790
Recycling
5,610
8,020
14,520
29,040
53,010
59,240
65,260
67,560
68,630
67,180
Composting*
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
4,200
16,450
20,550
20,170
23,390
25,110
26,990
Combustion with
energy recovery**
0
450
2,760
29,760
33,730
31,650
29,310
33,550
33,900
34,030
Discards to landfill,
other disposalt
82,510
112,590
134,360
145,270
140,260
142,290
136,310
137,610
139,180
139,590
Pounds per Person per Day
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Generation
2.68
3.25
3.66
4.57
4.74
4.69
4.45
4.48
4.53
4.51
Recycling
0.17
0.22
0.35
0.64
1.03
1.10
1.16
1.15
1.16
1.13
Composting*
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
0.09
0.32
0.38
0.36
0.40
0.43
0.45
Combustion with
energy recovery**
0.00
0.01
0.07
0.65
0.66
0.59
0.52
0.57
0.57
0.57
Discards to landfill,
other disposalt
2.51
3.02
3.24
3.19
2.73
2.62
2.41
2.36
2.37
2.36
Population (thousands)
179,979
203,984
227,255
249,907
281,422
296,410
309,051
320,897
323,071
325,147
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Generation
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Recycling
6.4%
6.6%
9.6%
14.0%
21.8%
23.3%
26.0%
25.8%
25.7%
25.1%
Composting*
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
2.0%
6.7%
8.1%
8.0%
8.9%
9.4%
10.1%
Combustion with
energy recovery**
0.0%
0.3%
1.8%
14.2%
13.9%
12.5%
11.7%
12.8%
12.7%
12.7%
Landfilling and other
disposalt
93.6%
93.1%
88.6%
69.8%
57.6%
56.1%
54.3%
52.5%
52.2%
52.1%
* Composting of yard trimmings, food and other MSW organic material. Does not include backyard composting.
** Includes combustion with energy recovery of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form and combustion with energy recovery of source
separated materials in MSW (e.g., wood pallets and tire-derived fuel). 2016 includes 30,300 MSW, 560 wood, and 3,040 tires (1,000 tons) and 2017
includes 30,760 MSW, 560 wood, and 2,710 tires (1,000 tons)
t Landfilling after recycling and composting minus combustion with energy recovery. Includes combustion without energy recovery.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source population: U.S. Census Bureau Population Division (NST-EST2016-01) December 2018.
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Figure 1. Municipal Solid Waste in the Universe of Subtitle D Wastes
Subtitle D Wastes
The Subtitle D Waste included in this report as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), which includes:
Containers and packaging such as soft drink bottles and corrugated boxes
Durable goods such as furniture and appliances
Nondurable goods such as newspapers, trash bags and clothing
Other wastes such as food and yard trimmings.
Subtitle D Wastes not included as MSW in this report are:
¦ Municipal sludges
¦ Industrial nonhazardous process wastes
¦ Construction and demolition debris*
¦ Land clearing debris
¦ Transportation parts and equipment
¦ Agricultural wastes
¦ Oil and gas wastes
¦ Mining wastes
¦ Auto bodies
¦ Fats, grease and oils
Construction and demolition debris are included in this report, but are outside of the scope of MSW.
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Figure 2. Definition of Terms
The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in the
United States, by material categories and by product categories.
Generation refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from
residential, commercial and institutional sources and before recycling, composting, combustion or landfilling take place.
Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the generation estimate. Source reduction activities, such as backyard
composting of yard trimmings, take place ahead of generation.
Source reduction as used in this report refers to activities that reduce the amount of wastes before they enter
the municipal solid waste management system. Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication
of a package, used product or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity. Reuse of products such as
refillable glass bottles and reusable plastic food storage containers is considered to be source reduction, not recycling.
Recycling is defined as the recovery of useful materials, such as paper, glass, plastic and metals, from the MSW
stream, along with the transformation of the materials, to make new products to reduce the amount of virgin raw
materials needed to meet consumer demands.
Composting is the decomposition of organic materials by aerobic microorganisms. Composting facilities manage
the amount of moisture and oxygen and mixture of organic materials for optimal composting conditions. The composting
process emits heat, water vapor and biogenic carbon dioxide, reducing the raw organic materials in mass and volume to
create compost.1
Combustion with energy recovery is often called "waste-to-energy," and as used in this report refers to confined
and controlled burning with energy recovery, which not only decreases the volume of solid waste destined for landfills,
but can also recover energy from the waste burning process.
Landfilling refers to the MSW remaining after recycling, composting and combustion with energy recovery. These
materials presumably would be landfilled in a discrete area of land or excavation that receives household waste. Some
MSW, however, is littered, stored or disposed onsite; or burned onsite, particularly in rural areas. There are no good
estimates for these other disposal practices available, but the total amounts of MSW involved are assumed to be small.
For the analysis of municipal solid waste in this report, products are divided into three basic categories: durable
goods, nondurable goods and containers and packaging. The durable goods and nondurable goods categories generally
follow the definitions of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Durable goods are those products that last three years or more. Products in this category include major and
small appliances, furniture and furnishings, carpets and rugs, tires, lead-acid batteries, consumer electronics and other
miscellaneous durables.
Nondurable goods are those products that last less than three years. Products in this category include
newspapers, books, magazines, office papers, directories, mail, other commercial printing, tissue paper and towels, paper
and plastic plates and cups, trash bags, disposable diapers, clothing and footwear, towels, sheets and pillowcases, other
nonpackaging paper and other miscellaneous nondurables.
Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased.
Products in this category include bottles, containers, corrugated boxes, milk cartons, folding cartons, bags, sacks, and
wraps, wood packaging and other miscellaneous packaging.
1 Piatt, B., Goldstein, N. 2014. State of Composting in the U.S. BioCycle 55(6): 19. http://www.biocvcle.net/2014/07/16/state-of-
compostine-in-the-us/.
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Figure 3A. Paper and Paperboard Products Generated in MSW, 2016
Books
Bags and sacks
Magazines
Paper plates and cups
Other packaging
Commercial printing
Tissue paper and towels
Other papers
Marketing mail
Office-type papers
Gable top/aseptic and folding cartons
Newspapers/mechanical papers
Corrugated boxes
0 8 16 24 32
million tons
Figure 3B. Paper and Paperboard Products Generated in MSW, 2017
Books
Magazines
Bags and sacks
Paper plates and cups
Other packaging
Commercial printing
Tissue paper and towels
Marketing mail
Other papers
Office-type papers
Newspapers/mechanical papers
Gable top/aseptic and folding cartons
Corrugated boxes
0 8 16 24 32
million tons
I
¦
¦
¦
1
I
I
¦
¦
¦
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 4. Paper and Paperboard Generation and Recycling, 1960 to 2017
100
80
60
40
20
0
1960 1965
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017
Recycling
Generation
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Figure 5A. Glass Products Generated in MSW, 2016
Wine & liquor bottles
Other bottles & jars
Durable goods
Beer & soft drink bottles*
]
* Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated
water, teas, flavored drinks, and ready-to-drink
alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
I
I
2 3
million tons
Figure 5B. Glass Products Generated in MSW, 2017
Wine & liquor bottles
Other bottles & jars
Durable goods
Beer & soft drink bottles"
Includes carbonated drinks and non-carbonated
water, teas, flavored drinks, and ready-to-drink
alcoholic coolers and cocktails.
2 3
million tons
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Figure 6. Glass Generation and Recycling, 1960 to 2017
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010 2015 2017
Recycling
Generation
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Figure 7A. Metal Products Generated in MSW, 2016
Nondurables
Packaging
Durables
100%
53% 47%
81%
8% 11%
Ferrous metals
Aluminum
Other nonferrous
10 15
million tons
20
25
Figure 7B. Metal Products Generated in MSW, 2017
Nondurables
| 100%
52% 48%
Packaging
81%
OO
--P
Durables
10 15
million tons
20
Ferrous metals
Aluminum
Other nonferrous
25
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Figure 8. Metals Generation and Recycling, 1960 to 2017
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1960
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017
Recycling
Generation
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 9A. Plastics Products Generated in MSW, 2016
Other containers
PET bottles and jars
and HDPE natural bottles
Bags, sacks and wraps
Other packaging
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
million tons
Figure 9B. Plastics Products Generated in MSW, 2017
Other containers
PET bottles and jars
and HDPE natural bottles
Bags, sacks and wraps
Other packaging
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
million tons
cz
1
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Figure 10. Plastics Generation and Recycling, 1960 to 2017
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010 2015 2017
— Recycling
Generation
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Figure 11. Generation of Materials in MSW, 1960 to 2017
Yard trimmings
o 150
Plastics
Metals
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017
* "All other" includes primarily wood, rubber and leather, and textiles.
Figure 12. Recycling, Composting, Combustion with Energy Recovery and
Landfilling of Materials in MSW, 1960 to 2017
300
0
J 150
1
100
50
Recycling
Combustion with energy recovery
Landfilling*
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017
*Landfilling after composting, recycling and combustion with energy recovery. Includes combustion without energy recovery.
The top line measures generation, because generation = recycling + composting + combustion with energy recovery + landfilling.
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Figure 13A. Materials Recycling and Composting in MSW,* 2016
Recycling
(93.74 Million tons)
Hubber, leather
and textiles
6.2%
Other
2.0%
Wood
4.3%'
Plastics
4.7% ~
Glass
4.6%
Metals
11.9%
Paper and
paperboard
66.3%
Composting
(25.11 Million tons)
Food
8.6%
Yard trimmings
91.4%
* In percent by weight of total recycling and composting
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Figure 13B. Materials Recycling and Composting in MSW,* 2017
Recycling
(94.17 Million tons)
Other
2.2%
Rubber, leather
and textiles ~
6.3%
Wood
4.5%'
Plastics
4.4%
Glass
4.5% _
Metals
12.4%
Paper and
paperboard
65.7%
Composting
(26.99 Million tons)
Food
9.5%
Yard trimmings
90.5%
* In percent by weight of total recycling and composting
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Figure 14A. Materials Generated, Combusted with Energy Recovery
and Landfiiled in MSW, 2016
Generation Combustion with Energy Recovery
(266.82 Million tons) (33.9 Million tons)
Paper and paperboard
Glass
Metals
Plastics
Rubber, leather and textiles
Wood
Yard trimmings
Food
Other
Landfiiled (139.18 Million tons)
4.5%
12.7%
22.1%
4.9%
9.8%
6.9%
i.8%
18.9%
11.4%
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Figure 14B. Materials Generated, Combusted with Energy Recovery
and Landfiiled in MSW, 2017
Generation
(267.79 Million tons)
3.5%
Combustion with Energy Recovery
(34.03 Million tons)
4.3%
Paper and paperboard
Glass
Metals
Plastics
Rubber, leather and textiles
Wood
Yard trimmings
Food
Other
Landfiiled (139.59 Million tons)
4.5%
22.0%
6.2%
8.7%
13.1%
11.5%
4.9%
9.9%
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Figure 15. Generation of Products in MSW, 1960 to 2017
Other wastes
Yard trimmings
o 150
Containers and packaging
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017
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Figure 16A. Nondurable Goods Generated, Recycled, Combusted with Energy
Recovery and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2016
Generation
(52.02 Million tons)
2.2%
Recycling
(16.82 Million tons)
Combusted with Energy Recovery
(6.88 Million tons)
Landfilled
(28.32 Million tons)
3.2%
Paper and paperboard
Plastics
Rubber and leather
Textiles
Other
20.2%
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Figure 16B. Nondurable Goods Generated, Recycled, Combusted with Energy
Recovery and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2017
Generation
(50.7 Million tons)
Recycling
(16.29 Million tons)
2.3%
Combusted with Energy Recovery
(6.72 Million tons)
20.8%
Landfilled
(27.69 Million tons)
10.2%
31.1%
20.9%
3.3%
3.4%
Paper and paperboard
Plastics
Rubber and leather
Textiles
Other
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Figure 17A. Containers and Packaging Materials Generated, Recycled,
Combusted with Energy Recovery and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2016
Generation (79.43 Million tons)
Recycling (41.23 Million tons)
Combusted with Energy Recovery
(7.48 Million tons)
23.3%
15.5%
Landfilled
(30.72 Million tons)
4.8%
4.9%
Paper and paperboard Glass | Metals
'Primarily wood, with less than 1% textiles.
Plastics
Wood, other*
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Figure 17B. Containers and Packaging Materials Generated, Recycled,
Combusted with Energy Recovery and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2017
Generation (80.08 Million tons)
Recycling (40.09 Million tons)
14.5%
51.3%
Combusted with Energy Recovery
(7.86 Million tons)
Landfilled
(32.13 Million tons)
4.5%
Paper and paperboard Glass Metals
*Primarily wood, with less than 1 % textiles.
Plastics Wood, other*
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Figure 18A. Containers and Packaging Generated, Recycled, Combusted with
Energy Recovery and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2016
Generation (79.43 Million tons)
¦1%
Recycling (41.23 Million tons)
1%-
Combusted with Energy Recovery
(7.48 Million tons)
Landfilled
(30.72 Million tons)
-1%
4% 34
4% b4
Corrugated cardboard
Non-corrugated paper packaging
Glass beer and soft drink bottles
Other plastic containers
Other plastic packaging
PET bottles and jars
Glass wine and liquor bottles
Other glass bottles and jars
Steel packaging
Aluminum packaging
HDPE bottles - natural
Plastic bags, sacks and wraps
Wood packaging
Miscellaneous packaging
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Figure 18B. Containers and Packaging Generated, Recycled, Combusted with
Energy Recovery and Landfilled in Municipal Solid Waste, 2017
Generation (80.08 Million tons) Recycling (40.09 Million tons)
1%
14%
1%
2°/H
2%—|
2%H
2%~~<
5%
41%
6%
7%
2%
1%
1%-
7%
1%-
2%
4%
1%
5%
3%
72%
Combusted with Energy Recovery
(7.86 Million tons)
Landfilled
(32.13 Million tons)
-1%
Corrugated cardboard
Non-corrugated paper packaging
Glass beer and soft drink bottles
Other plastic containers
Other plastic packaging
PET bottles and jars
Glass wine and liquor bottles
Other glass bottles and jars
Steel packaging
Aluminum packaging
HDPE bottles - natural
Plastic bags, sacks and wraps
Wood packaging
Miscellaneous packaging
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 19. Diagram of Solid Waste Management
Changes in
package
design
Changes in
purchasing
habits
Generation
of waste for
management
Changes in
industrial
practices
Backyard
composting,
grasscyding
Increased
reuse
Other
changes in
use patterns
Recycling and
composting
1
->• Landfilling
Combustion
with energy
recovery
SOURCE REDUCTION
WASTE REDUCTION
Figure 20. States with Bottle Deposit Rules
Source: Container Recycling Institute, 201
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 21A. Estimated MRF Throughput, 2016*
(Tons per day per million persons)
500
2 400
a)
a.
E 300
a.
-n
U)
>>
ru
TS
200
S 100
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
"Throughput is the tons of waste processed.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc. Data provided August 2019
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 21B. Estimated MRF Throughput, 2017*
(Tons per day per million persons)
500
S 400
a>
Q_
E 300
3
Q-
JZ
U)
3
§ 200
n:
-a
2 100
n
u
_
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
*Throughput is the tons of waste processed.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc. Data provided August 2019
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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Figure 22A. Mixed Waste Processing Estimated Throughput, 2016*
(Tons per day per million persons)
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
throughput is the tons of waste processed.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc. Data provided August 2019.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 22B. Mixed Waste Processing Estimated Throughput, 2017*
(Tons per day per million persons)
Q-
_C
3
O
500
400
CD
Q_
= 300
5 200
TO
-a
100
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
"Throughput is the tons of waste processed.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc. Data provided August 2019.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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Figure 23A. MSW Composting Throughput, 2016*
(Tons per day per million persons)
1
¦
1
1 1
u
1
U
o»
CL
Q.
-C
U)
3
O
>>
ru
¦o
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
"Throughput is the tons of waste processed.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; BioCycle, November 2011, BioCyde October 2017, Mariposa County, California; Gallatin County,
Montana; Delaware County, New York; and Medina County, Ohio websites.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North
Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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Figure 23B, MSW Composting Throughput, 2017*
(Tons per day per million persons)
n
u
1
O)
3
O
TO
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
'Throughput is the tons of waste processed.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; BioCycle, November 2011, BioCyde October 2017, Mariposa County, California; Gallatin County,
Montana; Delaware County, New York; and Medina County, Ohio websites.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North
Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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Figure 24A. Yard Trimmings Composting Facilities, 2016
(In number of facilities)
u
<0
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 24B. Yard Trimmings Composting Facilities, 2017
(In number of facilities)
1600
1400
1200
£ 1000
ro
H—
'o
Ol
-Q
E
800
600
400
200
0
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Source: Goldstein, N. "The State of Organics" BioCycle, October 2017. United States composting facilities data reported for
2015-2017. Facilities composting yard trimmings, yard trimmings and food waste, and mixed organics. Excludes 740 facilities composting
manure, biosolids, mixed MSW, or not defined.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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Figure 25A. Municipal Waste-To-Energy Capacity, 2016
(Tons per day per million persons)
800
700
ISi
| 600
i—
QJ
Q_
§ 500
f 400
fU
3 300
>*
n3
"D
S 200
o
+-»
100
0
Northeast South Midwest West
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Energy Recovery Council (ERC). 2016.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
_
November 2019
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 25B. Municipal Waste-To-Energy Capacity, 2017
(Tons per day per million persons)
800
Northeast South Midwest West
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Energy Recovery Council (ERC). 2016.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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Figure 26A. Number of Landfills in the U.S., 2016
600
500
Northeast South Midwest West
Source: U.S. EPA. Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) Facility-level database. Data represents MSW landfills open July
2019 excluding landfills opening in 2017.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North
Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
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Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2016 and 2017
Figure 26B. Number of Landfills in the U.S., 2017
600
Northeast South Midwest West
Source: U.S. EPA. Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) Facility-level database. Data represents MSW landfills open July 2019.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North
Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
November 2019
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