May 2014
Making Superfund Sites Work
for Communities:
A Look at the Positive Imp
Redevelopment in EPA Region 5
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MacGillis & Gibbs / Bell Lumber & Pole Company
site and surrounding area (Minnesota)
What's Inside?
Preface
Introduction
Region 5's Support for Superfund Reuse
Superfund Reuse in Region 5: The Big Picture
Positive Impacts of Superfund Site Reuse in Region 5
Reuse in Action
State Reuse Profiles
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
Reuse on the Horizon in Region 5
Conclusion
Sources
1 EPA Region 5
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Preface
Every day, EPA's Superfundprogram makes a visible difference in communities
nationwide. The revitalization of communities affected by contaminated lands is a key
part of Superfund's mission, delivering significant, benefits one community at a time,
all across the country. Through EPA ,'v Siiperfund Redevelopment Initiative, the Agency
contributes to the economic vitality of these communities by supporting the return of sites
to productive use. These regional reports highlight these community-led efforts in action,
as EPA launches a new era of partnerships and works toward a sustainable future.
Introduction
The Midwestern states that make up EPA Region 5 - Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin - have
been challenged by major changes to the manufacturing
sector since the 1950s. Spurred by globalization, advances
in technology and a transition to a service-based economy,
these changes have contributed to massive job loss and
substantial neighborhood and downtown decline in industrial
communities in the region. While continuing to emphasize
manufacturing as an economic cornerstone and a source of
jobs, state and local leaders across the Midwest are helping
workers adjust to these large-scale economic changes and at
the same time are instituting quality of life improvements to
encourage workers and their families to stay in the Midwest.
Much of this work centers on investing in workforce
development, retaining existing businesses, encouraging new
business development, and repurposing old industrial land,
including Superfund sites. The Superfiind program in EPA
Region 5 is proud to play a role in these efforts.
South Andover site
(Minnesota)
The cleanup and reuse of Superfiind sites can often restore value to site properties and surrounding communities that have
been negatively affected by contamination. Site reuse can revitalize a local economy with jobs, new businesses, tax revenues
and local spending. Reuse of Superfiind sites can yield a number of other important social and environmental benefits for
communities. Through programs like the Superfiind Redevelopment Initiative (SRI), EPA Region 5 helps communities
reclaim cleaned up Superfund sites. Factoring in future use of Superfiind sites as part of the cleanup process helps pave the
way for their safe reuse. In addition, EPA Region 5 works closely with state agencies and local officials to remove barriers
that have kept many Superfund sites vacant and underused for decades. EPA Region 5 also works to ensure that businesses
operating on properties cleaned up under the Superfund program can continue operating in a manner that protects both
human health and the environment while site investigations and cleanup work continue. This enables these businesses to
remain as a source of jobs for communities.
The results are impressive. Superfund sites across Region 5 have been transfonned into top-tier industrial and commercial
parks, retail centers, government offices, condominiums and single-family homes. Many sites continue to host industrial
operations, including large-scale manufacturing facilities. Some are now locations for alternative energy projects. Others
have been transformed into preserves, parks and recreational complexes. The on-site businesses and organizations on
current and former Region 5 Superfiind sites provide over 8,000 jobs and contribute an estimated $483 million in annual
employment income for Midwestern residents. Moreover, restored on-site properties in Region 5 generate about $8 million
in annual property tax revenues for local governments.
This report looks at the positive impacts of reuse and continued use of Superfund sites in Region 5, particularly the impacts
of businesses operating on current and former Superfund sites and values and property taxes associated with Superfiind sites
that have been cleaned up and put back into use.
EPA Region 5
2
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Region 5's Support for Superfund Reuse
EPA Region 5 is committed to making noticeable differences in communities through the cleanup and reuse of Superfund
sites. In addition to protecting the environment and human health through the Superfund program, EPA Region 5 has
partnered with stakeholders to encourage reuse opportunities. EPA Region 5 helps communities and cleanup managers
factor in reuse as part of site cleanup plans and evaluates remedies already in place to ensure appropriate reuse at cleaned
up sites. In addition, EPA participates in partnerships with communities and encourages the use of programs and initiatives
to help Superfund sites develop in more environmentally and economically sustainable ways.
Specific reuse support efforts in EPA Region 5 include:
Identifying and evaluating local land use priorities and opportunities to align these priorities with site cleanup
plans through the reuse planning process.
Facilitating cleanup andreuse discussions to help resolve key issues between parties interested in site redevelopment.
Supporting targeted projects intended to help Region 5 communities and EPA find the right tools to move reuse
forward at sites that remain unused.
Making efforts to help address communities' and developers' liability, safety and reuse concerns related to
Superfund site reuse through development of educational materials, comfort letters, developer agreements and
environmental status reports that provide information about the appropriate use of a site, known as Ready for
Reuse (RfR) Determinations.
Supporting partnerships with groups committed to putting Superfund sites back into use, such as the Academy of
Model Aeronautics, the U.S Soccer Foundation, The Taist for Public Land and the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy.
Developing reuse fact sheets, videos, websites, reuse case studies and Return to Use Demonstration Project
summaries to share opportunities and lessons associated with Superfund redevelopment.
All of these efforts have helped build expertise across Region 5, making it easier to consider future use of Superfund sites
prior to cleanup and easier to identify opportunities for removing reuse barriers. These efforts also help other communities,
state agencies, potentially responsible parties and developers better understand the potential uses for Superfund sites. This
helps site stakeholders engage early in the cleanup process in efforts to transform Superfund sites into assets for communities.
Most importantly, these efforts are providing returns for communities in the form of jobs, annual income and tax revenues.
EPA Region 5
Reuse planning at the
Quincy Smelter site
(Michigan)
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Reuse framework for the
Calumet Container site
(Indiana)
operating hours.
CI Draft Conceptual Reuse
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Superfund Reuse in Region 5 : The Big Picture
H.O.D. Landfill site
(Illinois)
EPA has placed 300 sites in Region 5 on the National
Priorities List (NPL) since the Superfund program began
in 1980, excluding federal facilities.1 The Agency oversees
investigation and cleanup at an additional 30 Superfund
alternative sites in the region, and perfonns or oversees
short-lerm cleanup actions as well. Whenever possible, EPA
seeks to integrate reuse priorities into site cleanup plans. As
of 2013, over 100 NPL, Superfund alternative and removal
sites have either new uses in place or uses that have remained
in place since before cleanup. Many of these sites have been
redeveloped for commercial, industrial and public service
purposes. Others have been redeveloped for residential,
recreational, ecological or agricultural purposes. Businesses
and other organizations also use all or parts of other sites for
storage, vehicle parking or alternative energy projects. In
addition, redevelopment of some Superfund sites in Region
5 have helped spark redevelopment of nearby old industrial
land.The following sections take a closer look at the impacts of businesses operating on current and fonner Superfund sites
and values and property taxes associated with Superfund sites that have been cleaned up and put back into use.
Wisconsin
Minneapolis
Michigan
Lansing
Madison
D.itroit
Grand Rapids
Chicago
.Cleveland
Indiana
Illinois
Columbus
Indianapolis
Springfield
Cincinnati
East Saint Louis
Minnesota
Legend
# Sites in Reuse
9 Sites in Continued Use
€ Sites in Reuse
and in Continued Use
1 This report does not include federal facilities Superfund sites
EPA Region 5
4
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Positive Impacts of Superfund Site Reuse in Region 5
Region 5 Sites in Reuse
and Continued Use:
Business and Job
Highlights
Businesses Identified
232
Estimated Annual Sales
$1.6 billion
Number of People Employed
8,148
Total Annual Employee Income
$483 million
Businesses and Jobs
EPA has collected economic data for over 200 businesses, government
agencies and civic organizations operating on over 50 sites in reuse
and continued use in Region 5. See the State Reuse Profiles (pp 9-14)
for each Region 5 state's reuse details. Businesses and organizations
located on these sites fall within a number of different sectors, including
manufacturing; professional, scientific and technical services; wholesale
trade; and retail trade.
Most of the businesses and organizations located on current and former
Region 5 Superfund sites tend to be stand-alone or branch operations. A
smaller number of sites serve as the headquarters for a range of different
companies. The Joslyn Manufacturing & Supply Co. Superfund site, a
former wood treating facility near Minneapolis, Minnesota, for instance,
serves as the headquarters location for Caribou Coffee Company. Inc.,
one of nation's largest retail coffee distributors. The businesses and
organizations differ considerably in size, with some employing only a
few workers and others employing more than 100.
The businesses and organizations located on these sites employ
about 8,000 people, contributing an estimated $483 million in annual
employment income with about $1.6 billion in estimated annual sales.
Employee income earned helps inject money into local economies. It
also helps generate state revenue through personal state income taxes.
In addition to helping local communities by providing employment
opportunities, these businesses help local economies through direct
purchases oflocal supplies and services. On-site businesses that produce
retail sales and services also generate tax revenues through the collection
of sales taxes, which support state and local governments. In addition,
most businesses operating on sites in Region 5 generate tax revenues
through payment of state corporate income or related taxes. More
detailed information is presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Site and business information for Region 5 sites in reuse and continued use (2013)
Number of
Sites
Sites with
Identified On-Site
Businesses"
On-Site
Businesses
Identifiedb
Total Annual
Sales'
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
Sites in Reuse
55
25
183
SI billion
4,594
$261 million
Sites in
Continued Use
39
19
37
$543 million
3,315
$210 million
Sites in
Continued Use
and In Reuse
10
7
12
$34 million
239
$12 million
Total
104
51
232
$1.6 billion
8,148
$483 million
a Also includes other organizations such as government agencies, non-profit organizations and civic institutions.
b Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
c For information on the collection of businesses, jobs and sales data, see the "Sources" section of this report.
Joslyn Manufacturing &
Supply Co. site (Minnesota)
5
EPA Region 5
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Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
Properties cleaned up under the Superfund program and put back into use may increase in value. This increased value can
boost property tax revenues which help pay for local government operations, public schools, transit systems and other public
services. Redevelopment of a large part of the MacGillis & Gibbs / Bell Lumber & Pole Company Superfund site into a
commercial, industrial and retail center resulted in a before-and-after property tax increase from $66,000 to over $ 1 million.
Identifying increases in property values and local property taxes following cleanup and reuse is challenging due to the
availability of historical property values and the difference in timing of events at sites and frequency and timing of property
value assessments by local agencies. Likewise, there are many factors that affect property values, including external
economic and neighborhood factors not related to a site's contamination or Superfund site status. It is also difficult to isolate
the effects of Superfund cleanup and reuse using current property values. However, these values give insight to the current
value of Superfund properties and the potential loss in economic value if these properties were not cleaned up and available
for reuse or continued use.
EPA has collected property value tax data for 47 Superfund sites in reuse in Region 5. These sites span 769 property parcels
and 4,202 acres and have a total property value of $281 million. A total of 35 sites have both land and improvement property
value details; these site properties have a total land value of $72 million and total improvement value of $151 million. A total
of 39 sites have property tax details.2 The site properties generate a combined $8 million in local property taxes.3
Table 2. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Region 5a
Total Land Value
(35 sites)1'
Total Improvement
Value (35 sites)
Total Property Value
(47 sites)
Total Annual Property
Taxes (39 sites)
$72 million
$151 million
$281 million
$8 million
a Results are based on an EPA SRI effort undertaken in 2013 to calculate the on-site property value and property taxes for a subset of
Superfund sites. The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available within county
assessor data sets, which varied from 2011 to 2013. For additional information, see the "Sources" section of this report.
b Detailed (land and improvement) property value data as well as tax data was not available for every site.
$281 million
Total Annual Property Taxes
Region 5 Sites in Reuse:
Property Value and Tax Highlights
Total Property Value
PMC Groundwater site (Michigan)
2 Property values consist of land value and the value of any improvements (buildings and infrastnicture) placed on a property.
When sites are reused, some or all of these improvements may be new or previously existing on the site. In some cases, the breakdown
showing both the land value and improvement value is not always available; instead, only the total property value may be available.
3 Property tax data was not available for eight of the 47 Superfund sites that had property value data.
EPA Region 5 6
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Reuse in Action
"The LEDC and the Village of South
Point requested our assistance to
address potential stigma or public
safety concerns that prospective
businesses might have regarding
the site....and we have worked
with them to develop several tools
that have supported the site's
reuse while also ensuring that the
community's health is protected."
-EPA Region 5 Superfund
Redevelopment Initiative
Coordinator, Tom Bloom
The Point Industrial Park
The 610-acre South Point Plant site is located in the Village of
South Point in southern Ohio. From the 1940s until the late 1990s,
manufacturing facilities at the site produced explosives, industrial
chemicals and fuels. EPA placed the site on the NPL in 1984.
After assessing several economic development opportunities, the
Lawrence Economic Development Corporation (LEDC) identified
the site as the leading candidate for an industrial park that would be
centrally located on the Ohio River near transportation networks
and infrastructure. EPA supported redevelopment of this site by
awarding an SRI Pilot Program grant to LEDC in 2001 that was
used to evaluate how cleanup could support site reuse. In 2004,
EPA issued the site a Ready for Reuse determination. Today, the
site is a premier industrial park and home to 13 mostly logistics
and industrial facilities that together employ over 400 workers
and contribute an estimated $15.9 million in annual employment
income. Most recently, a steel manufacturing facility operated
by international company Orica opened for business on the site
employing over 100 workers. On-site properties contribute a
combined $136,000 in annual property taxes. The combined
assessed value of the parcels in 2011 (the most recent year valued)
was $10.8 million. For more information see: EPA SRLs "Where
You Live."
New Commercial and Public Service Office Space on Historic Paper Mill Property
The Plainwell Paper Mill is part of the regional Allied Paper Inc. / Portage Creek /
Kalamazoo River Superfund site in southwestern Michigan. EPA placed the site on the
NPL in 1990. Wastewater from paper mill operations, including operations at the 36-acre
Plainwell Paper Mill property and the subsequent dismantling of dams on the Kalamazoo
River, resulted in the contamination of area soil and river sediments. For many years,
the City of Plainwell has been the champion for the cleanup and redevelopment of the
mill property, recognizing the community-wide benefits and potential opportunities
offered by the property's location, size and history. Historic mill buildings could be
adaptively reused for office space next to downtown. By turning the mill property into a productive asset once again, the
City of Plainwell hoped to create new interest in the city's downtown, support local jobs and economic development, and
increase area property values and tax revenues. The city kicked off the project with a community-based reuse planning
process sponsored by EPA in 2004. The city then worked closely with EPA and a site potentially responsible party to address
liability concerns and funding for future cleanup and investigations at the property. Redevelopment work began in 2010
when the City of Plainwell and Cones toga-Ro vers & Associates (CRA) entered into an agreement for the redevelopment of
the 36-acre former paper mill. CRA relocated its U.S. construction headquarters to the site in 2012, moving 50 jobs to the
city. These jobs generate an estimated $2.3 million in annual employment income. The City of Plainwell completed a $1.7
million renovation of the former de-watering building for the purpose of housing its Public Safety Department. City jobs
on the property generate an additional $2.4 million in annual employment income. CRA and city officials remain focused
on filling the property with various residential and commercial facilities. For more information see: EPA SRLs "Where You
Live.'1
7
EPA Region 5
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New Brighton Corporate Park III
The 68-acre MacGillis & Gibbs Co. / Bell Lumber &
Pole Co. site consists of two adjoining properties in New
Brighton, Minnesota. Wood preserving facilities operated 011
both properties through most of the 20th century. EPA added
the site to the NPL in 1984. By 2001, the majority of cleanup
operations were complete. Since the mid-1980s, the city has
been laying the groundwork necessary to redevelop the 25-
acre MacGillis & Gibbs property. This effort is part of the city's
plan to revitalize a historic road that was once a main route
through Minneapolis and St. Paul. In 1997, the City of New
Brighton, along with state and federal agencies, successfully
negotiated a Prospective Purchaser Agreement to resolve the
city's liability concerns about obtaining the property. The
site's successful cleanup resulted in the development of the
32-acre New Brighton Corporate Park III, a development that
includes manufacturing and distribution businesses, as well
as commercial and retail office space, and a post office. The
12 on-site businesses employ over 460 people and contribute
an estimated $33 million in annual employment income. On-
site properties contribute a combined $1.4 million in property
taxes annually The combined assessed value of the parcels
in 2012 (the most recent year valued) was $33 million.4 For
more information see: EPA SRI's "Where You Live."
Waterfront Redevelopment
The PMC Groundwater site is located in a former industrial area on the shores of Lake
Michigan's Little Traverse Bay in Petoskey, Michigan. The Petoskey Manufacturing
Company (PMC) operated a die casting plant at the site and improperly disposed of
wastes from the casting process. Improper disposal practices resulted in contamination
of area ground water, soil and the town's municipal well. EPA placed the site on
the NPL in 1983. EPA's cleanup plan for contaminated soil included excavation and
disposal of soil as well as the installation of a soil vapor extraction system. In 1995,
EPA used Superfund funding to properly abandon the contaminated municipal well
and construct a new municipal well outside of the contaminated area. In 2009, the
City of Petoskey removed the abandoned well completely. EPA and the Michigan
Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) approved deed restrictions that
limit the future use of the ground water and ensure the land owners take appropriate
responsibility for future development of the property. EPA, MDEQ, the City of
Petoskey and local developers collaborated on the cleanup and redevelopment of the site and surrounding waterfront area.
This collaboration and persistence, combined with the city's visionary planning efforts and creative financing strategies,
transformed the formerly-contaminated industrial zone into a mixed use residential, commercial and recreational waterfront.
The site now supports condominiums, an improved road, parking and lakefront bicycle path infrastructure. The number
of visitors that come to enjoy Petoskey's lakefront scenery and recreational amenities has significantly increased in recent
years. In addition, the taxable value of the site has multiplied 15 times since the PMC facility operated in the 1960s. The
combined assessed value of the parcels in 2012 (the most recent year valued) was $5.2 million. For more information see:
EPA SRI's "Where You Live."
4 These figures include the job and property tax information for Bell Lumber & Pole Co., an on-site business operating adjacent
to the corporate park.
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"It was clear that the city had put a
lot of thought into their plans, and had
looked not only at redevelopment, but
at how cleanup and redevelopment
could work together at the property. We
[EPA] see it as part of our mission to
enable communities like New Brighton
to be able to safely return contaminated
properties to beneficial use."
-EPA Region 5 Project Manager,
Darryl Owens
EPA Region 5
8
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Illinois
EPA partners with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites in
Illinois. As of 2013, Illinois has 16 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since before
cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for five businesses and organizations operating on four sites in reuse and continued use
in Illinois. The businesses and organizations employ over 200 people, contribute an estimated $17.7 million in annual employment
income and have about $29 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 3. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Illinois (2013)
Number of Sites
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
9
1
$1 million
12
$0.4 million
In Continued Use 4 1 - 123 $12.3 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
3
3
$28 million
88
$5 million
Total 16 5 $29 million 223 $17.7 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for eight Superfund sites in reuse in Illinois. These sites span 25 property parcels and 516
acres and have a total property value of $235,000. A total of seven sites have property value details. Together, the site properties
have a total land value of $ 133,000 and total improvement value of $90,000. A total of eight sites have property tax details. The site
properties generate a combined $13,000 in local property taxes.
Table 4. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Illinois
Total Land Value
(7 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(7 sites)
Total Property Value
(8 sites)
Total Annual Property Taxes
(8 sites)
$133,000
$90,000
$235,000
$13,000
Did you know?
Paperchirie, a company that specializes in
paper industry machinery manufacturing,
maintains its headquarters on the Beloit
Corp. site in northern Illinois.
9
EPA Region 5
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Indiana
EPA partners with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in Indiana. As of 2013, Indiana has 14 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place
since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 17 businesses and organizations operating on six sites in reuse and
continued use in Indiana. The businesses and organizations employ about 570 people, contribute an estimated $24 million in annual
employment income and have about $4 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 5. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Indiana (2013)
Number of Sites
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
8
14
$3 million
307
$9 million
In Continued Use
4
1
-
250
$14 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
2
2
$1 million
12
$1 million
Total
14
17
$4 million
569
$24 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for eight Superfund sites in reuse in Indiana. These sites span 110 property parcels and 313
acres and have a total property value of $26 million. All eight sites have property value details. Together, the site properties have
a total land value of $7 million and total improvement value of $19 million. A total of five sites have property tax details. The site
properties generate a combined $434,000 in local property taxes.
Table 6. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Indiana
Total Land Value
(8 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(8 sites)
Total Property Value
(8 sites)
Total Annual Property Taxes
(5 sites)
$7 million
$19 million
$26 million
$434,000
Did you know?
Crossroads Greenhouses, located on the Southside Sanitary
Landfill site in Indianapolis, Indiana, is one of the largest methane-
powered greenhouses in the United States. The greenhouse has
pulled more than 2.2 million cubic feet of methane gas each day
from the site since 1998. The business employs eight workers
and contributes an estimated $220,000 in annual employment
income.
EPA Region 5
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Michigan
EPA partners with the MDEQ to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites in Michigan. As of 2013, Michigan
has 23 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected
economic data for 26 businesses and organizations operating on 11 sites in reuse and continued use in Michigan. The businesses
and organizations employ about 560 people, contribute an estimated $40 million in annual employment income and have about $49
million in estimated annual sales.
Table 7. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Michigan (2013)
Number of Sites
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
12
21
$4 million
230
$12 million
In Continued Use 10 5 $45 million 327 $28 million
In Continued Use
1
and In Reuse
Total 23 26 $49 million 557 $40 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for six Superfund sites in reuse in Michigan. These sites span 91 property parcels and 202
acres and have a total property value of $9 million. None of the sites have property value details. A total of two sites have property
tax details. The site properties generate a combined $16,000 in local property taxes.
Table 8. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Michigan
Total Land Value
(0 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(0 sites)
Total Property Value
(6 sites)
Total Annual Property Taxes
(2 sites)
-
-
$9 million
$16,000
Did you know?
The Kaydon Corporation, a bali and roller
bearing manufacturing facility, located on
the Kaydon Corp. site in Norton Shores,
Michigan, employs 160 workers and
contributes an estimated $14 million in
annual employment income.
11
EPA Region 5
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Minnesota
EPA partners with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites in Minnesota.
As of 2013, Minnesota has 27 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since before cleanup.
EPA has collected economic data for 142 businesses and organizations operating on 18 sites in reuse and continued use in Minnesota.
The businesses and organizations employ about 5,000 people, contribute an estimated $307 million in annual employment income
and have about $780 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 9. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Minnesota (2013)
Number of Sites
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
13
114
$485 million
3,117
$ 190 million
In Continued Use 10 21 $292 million 1,802 $110 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
4
7
$6 million
139
$7 million
Total 27 142 $783 million 5,058 $307 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for 16 Superfund sites in reuse in Minnesota. These sites span 329 property parcels and 1,730
acres and have a total property value of $194 million. A total of 11 sites have property value details. Together, the site properties
have a total land value of $52 million and total improvement value of $92 million. A total of 15 sites have property tax details. The
site properties generate a combined $7 million in local property taxes.
Table 10. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Minnesota
Total Land Value
(11 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(11 sites)
Total Property Value
(16 sites)
Total Annual Property Taxes
(15 sites)
$52 million
$92 million
$ 194 million
$7 million
Did you know?
The NL Industries/Taracorp/Golden Auto Superfund site located
in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, is now home to the Highway 7 m&
Business Center, which consists of an industrial/ commercial
office/ warehouse building with associated parking, drive and
green space areas.
i;
- - " T 3
.
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Ohio
EPA partners with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfimd sites in Ohio.
As of 2013, Ohio has 11 Superfimd sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since before cleanup. EPA
has collected economic data for 34 businesses and organizations operating on seven sites in reuse and continued use in Ohio. The
businesses and organizations employ about 1,300 people, contribute an estimated $76 million in annual employment income and
have about $129 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 11. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Ohio (2013)
Number of Sites
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
7
32
$49 million
928
$50 million
In Continued Use 4 2 $80 million 384 $26 million
In Continued Use
0
and In Reuse
Total 11 34 $129 million 1,312 $76 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for six Superfund sites in reuse in Ohio. These sites span 208 property parcels and 1,284 acres
and have a total property value of $50 million. All six sites have property value and tax details. Together, the site properties have
a total land value of $12 million and total improvement value of $38 million. The site properties generate a combined $368,000 in
local property taxes.
Table 12. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Ohio
Total Land Value
(6 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(6 sites)
Total Property Value
(6 sites)
Total Annual Property Taxes
(6 sites)
$12 million
$38 million
$50 million
$368,000
Did you know?
Engines Inc., a machining and fabrication business,
operates on the South Point Plant site at The Point
industrial park in southern Ohio. The firm started with
one building at the site, but has expanded into three
buildings. Engines Inc. employs 65 people, contributes
an estimated $4.1 million in employment income and has
approximately $7 million in estimated annual sales.
*&¦¦¦ •. <-
13
EPA Region 5
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Wisconsin
EPA partners with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites in
Wisconsin. As of 2013, Wisconsin has 13 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since
before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for eight businesses and organizations operating on five sites in reuse and continued
use in Wisconsin. The businesses and organizations employ about 430 people, contribute an estimated $19 million in annual income
and have about $600 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 13. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Wisconsin (2013)
Number of Sites
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
6
1
$472 million
-
-
In Continued Use
7
7
$126 million
429
$19 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
0
0
-
-
-
Total 13 8 $598 million 429 $19 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for three Superfund sites in reuse in Wisconsin. These sites span six property parcels and 156
acres and have a total property value of $2 million. All three sites have property value and tax details. Together, the site properties
have a total land value of $517,000 and total improvement value of $ 1.5 million. The site properties generate a combined $39,000
in local property taxes.
Table 14. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Wisconsin
Total Land Value
(3 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(3 sites)
Total Property Value
(3 sites)
Total Annual Property Taxes
(3 sites)
$517,000
$1.5 million
$2 million
$39,000
Did you know?
Northern Engraving Corporation manufactures metal nameplates,
dials and decorative trim for the automotive industry on the
Northern Engraving Co. Superfund site in Sparta, Wisconsin.
The facility employs 300 people, contributes an estimated $13.3
million in employment income and has approximately $89 million
in estimated annual sales.
EPA Region 5
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Reuse on the Horizon in Region 5
Transforming a Former Copper Smelter into a Regional Tourist Destination
The Quincy Smelter site is part of the Quincy Mining Company National Historic Landmark District within the boundary
of Keweenaw National Historical Park (Nl IP) in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The site has the potential to be a unique and
significant regional destination - providing jobs, community pride, recreational opportunities and a catalyst for heritage
tourism in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The site includes the copper smelting complex of the Quincy Mining Company -
the most complete example of an early 20th century copper smelter in the world. When the Keweenaw NHP was establ ished
in 1992, Congress recognized the Quincy Smelting Works as a key part of the Michigan Keweenaw Peninsula copper mining
story.
The site is also part of the Torch Lake Superfund site due to stamp sands deposited on site during copper mining industry
operations. EPA Region 5 completed site cleanup in September 2011 and has simultaneously sponsored a multi-year reuse
planning process to facilitate the site's restoration and reuse. Since 2008, the reuse planning process developed a foundation
of interagency collaboration, held a community open house and working session, defined a community vision for the site and
formed the Quincy Smelter Steering Committee. This process has resulted in broad stakeholder and interagency momentum
around the vision of Quincy Smelter as a cultural heritage destination and the gateway to Isle Royale National Park.
On October 15,2013, EPA removed the Quincy Smelter from the NPL. Through cooperative planning, fundraising, education
and support, the community plans to return this facility to beneficial use in a way that both enhances the community's quality
of life and communicates the story of its copper mining heritage for future generations. For more information see: EPA SRl's
"Where You Live."
15
EPA Region 5
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Koppers Coke site (Minnesota)
Conclusion
EPA works closely at Superfund sites across Region 5 to make sure that sites can be safely used following cleanup. EPA
also works with businesses and organizations operating on Superfund sites prior to and during Superfund investigations
and cleanup to enable these businesses to continue operating through the cleanup process. The businesses and organizations
operating on these sites provide substantial jobs and income for communities. They help generate local and state taxes.
Cleanup and redevelopment of these sites also helps stabilize or boost property values. As of 2013, Region 5 has over 100
NPL, Superfund alternative and removal sites that have either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since
before cleanup. Numerous additional Superfund sites have planned uses in Region 5, including at least one site in each of
the six Region 5 states. EPA is committed to working with all the stakeholders as a partner in this process.
Efforts to enable Superfund sites to be reused following cleanup are not easy. They require considerable coordination between
EPA, state agencies, potentially responsible parties, site owners, developers and nearby residents and business owners. Such
efforts may involve the use of EPA tools, such as reuse assessments or plans, Ready for Reuse Determinations, comfort
letters or partial deletions of sites from the NPL. Superfund reuse may require added efforts by developers to overcome
related concerns about developing on Superfund sites. The end-product, however, can be well-worth the upfront uncertainty
of redeveloping a Superfund site. In Region 5, Superfund sites have been transformed into large-scale commercial/industrial
developments spanning numerous properties, mid-sized developments that house company headquarters, and small business
operations nestled into existing commercial or industrial parks. Ultimately, the shape and success of the final development
depends heavily upon the willingness of communities and developers to turn their vision into a reality. EPA is committed to
working with these stakeholders, using both "tried-and-tested" tools as well as new and innovative approaches, to transform
these sites into long-lasting assets for Midwestern communities.
EPA Resources for Superfund Site Reuse
EPA Region 5 Superfund Redevelopment Website - tools, resources and more information
about Superfund site reuse in Region 5.
www.epa.aov/R5Super/redevelop/index.html
SRI Website - tools, resources and more information about Superfund site reuse.
www.epa.aov/superfund/proarams/recvcle/index.html
Office of Site Remediation Enforcement Website - tools that address landowner liability
concerns such as Comfort/Status Letters and Bona Fide Prospective Purchaser (BFPP) Status.
cfDub.epa.aov/comDliance/resources/Dolicies/cleanuD/suDerfund/
EPA Region 5
16
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Sources
Business, Job and Sales Information
The Hoovers/Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) database provided information on the number of employees and sales volume for
on-site businesses. Hoovers/D&B provides information on businesses and corporations. It maintains a database of over
179 million companies using a variety of sources, including public records, trade references, telecommunication providers,
newspapers and publications, and telephone interviews. In instances where employment and sales volume for on-site
businesses could not be identified, information was sought from the Manta database.
The BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages database provided average weekly wage data for each of the businesses.
Average weekly wage data were identified by matching the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes
corresponding with each type of business with weekly wage data for corresponding businesses. If not available at the county
level, wage data were sought by state or national level, respectively. In cases where wage data were not available for the
six-digit NAICS code, higher level (less detailed) NAICS codes were used to obtain the wage data. To determine the annual
wages (mean annual) earned from jobs generated by each of the businesses identified, the average weekly wage figure was
multiplied by the number of weeks in a year (52) and by the number of jobs (employees) for each of the businesses.
Business and employment data was collected in 2013. Annual employment income is based on job data estimated in 2013
using BLS average weekly wage data for those jobs from 2012 (the latest available data).
Property Value and Tax Information
Property value and property tax results are based on an EPA SRI effort undertaken in 2013 to calculate the on-site property
value and property taxes for a subset of Superfund sites by comparing available site boundary information with available
parcel boundary information and gathering information for selected parcels from county assessor data sets. The property
value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available within county assessor data sets,
which varied from 2011 to 2013.
Reuse in Action
Write-ups of sites in reuse or continued use included in this study are based upon available EPA resources, including SRI
reuse snapshots, SRI Return to Use Demonstration Project fact sheets, in-depth case studies or local impact case studies.
Business and property value data included in these write-ups reflect the latest data available. Links to EPA's SRI reuse
snapshots as well as the case studies used to inform this report are included below.
SRI Reuse Snapshots
www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/live/index.html
SRI Return to Use Demonstration Project Fact Sheets
2013. Plainwell Paper. Allied Paper Inc. / Portage Creek / Kalamazoo River.
www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/activities/rtudemos.html
SRI Case Studies
MacGillis & Gibbs / Bell Lumber & Pole Company. 2010. Cleanup and Mixed-Use Revitalization in the Twin Cities: The
MacGillis & Gibbs Superfund Site Property and New Brighton, Minnesota.
www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/tools/casestudies.html
PMC Groundwater. 2010. Superfund Site Reuse Success Story.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/pmc-success.pdf
South Point Plant. 2010. Cleanup and Industrial Revitalization in the Tri-State Region: The South Point Plant Superfund
Site and Lawrence County, Ohio.
www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/tools/casestudies.html
South Point Plant. SRI Reuse Impacts Case Study. www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/impacts.html#local
17
EPA Region 5
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SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5
77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604
May 2014 | www.epa.gov/region5/superfund
Printed on 100% recycled/recyclable paper
^ 0 with minimum 25% post-consumer fiber.
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