Environmental
Radiation
Data
REPORT 156
October-December 2013
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air

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Contents
Page
List of Tables	v
Preface	vii
Acknowledgments	ix
Data Reporting Conventions	xi
1.	Air Program	1
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation	1
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates	17
2.	Water Program	19
3.	Milk Program	25
Pasteurized Milk	25
in

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iv

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List of Tables
Table	Page
1	Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations	xiii
2	Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: October 2013	2
3	Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: November 2013	6
4	Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: December 2013	10
5	Specific Gamma in Precipitation: October 2013	14
6	Specific Gamma in Precipitation: November 2013	15
7	Specific Gamma in Precipitation: December 2013	16
8	Tritium in Drinking Water: October-December 2013	20
9	Iodine-131 in Drinking Water: January-December 2013	22
10	Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: October-December 2013	26
v

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vi

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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data from the RadNet monitoring system
(formerly ERAMS), which is operated by the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air's National
Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama. ERD is
published in both hard-copy and electronic formats. Electronic reports are available online at
http ://www.epa.gov/narel. RadNet data are also available online in a searchable database at:
http://www.epa.gov/enviro/facts/radnet
The United States Environmental Protection Agency established RadNet in 1973 with an
emphasis on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environ-
ment. RadNet is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air
particulate, precipitation, drinking water, and milk samples.
Sampling locations are selected to provide population and geographic coverage for the United
States. The radiation analyses performed on RadNet samples may include gross alpha and gross
beta analysis, gamma analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for isotopes of uranium,
plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides informa-
tion on natural background levels and possible accidental releases into the environment.
vii

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viii

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Acknowledgments
All sampling for the RadNet monitoring system (formerly ERAMS) is performed by volunteer
collectors who are frequently members of health departments or related environmental agencies
of their respective states. The National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory
(NAREL), on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, would like to acknowledge
the time and effort of these volunteer collectors, who are so essential to the successful operation
of RadNet. The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times of
emergency operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes
demanding.
IX

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x

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Data Reporting Conventions
Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a
sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured
value that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measure-
ment process cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or back-
ground, which is subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were
reported as "not detected" or "ND," and gamma analysis results that were less than their
estimated measurement uncertainties were also reported as "ND." In January 1996, both of these
practices were discontinued. Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion
of negative results in the report allows better statistical analysis of the data.
Results of gamma analyses are still reported as "ND" when gamma-emitting radionuclides are
not detected.
Measurement Uncertainty
Each measured valuey is reported with an expanded uncertainty U=k uc(y), which is determined
from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k = 2. The interval from
y- Utoy+ Uis estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95 %.
Significant Figures
Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded
to the corresponding number of decimal places.
Detection Capability
The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1.
The MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95 % probability of detection
when the detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5 % probability of false detection in a
sample that is analyte-free.
XI

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Xll

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Table 1
Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Media
Reporting Unit
IMinimum
Detectable
Concentration
Gross Alpha
Water
pCi/L
2
Gross Beta
Air
pCi/m3
0.0006
Water
pCi/L
2
Precipitation
pCi/L
2
Tritium
Water
pCi/L
150
* Plutonium-23 8,23 9/240
Air
aCi/m3
6
Water
pCi/L
0.3
f Uranium-234,238
Air
aCi/m3
7.5
Water
pCi/L
0.35
f Uranium-235
Air
aCi/m3
9
Water
pCi/L
0.4
Radium-226
Water
pCi/L
0.02
Strontium-90
Milk
pCi/L
2
Water
pCi/L
1
t Iodine-131
Milk (gamma)
pCi/L
4
Water (gamma)
pCi/L
4
Water
pCi/L
0.3
Cesium-137
Milk
pCi/L
5
Water
pCi/L
5
{ Barium-140
Milk
pCi/L
15
Water
pCi/L
15
Potassium
Milk
g/L
0.06
Water
g/L
0.06
Potassium-40
Water
pCi/L
50
* The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 10,000 m3. Measurement by alpha
spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two
isotopes cannot be determined.
¦f The MDCs for air are based on an assumed total sample volume of 10,000 m3.
} Activity as of the day of counting.
Xlll

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1. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air partic-
ulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national)
impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Continuous air samplers
collect airborne particulates at field stations representing wide geographic coverage throughout
the United States.
Filters (10 cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed routinely, and generally
field measurements are made with a dual-phosphor scintillation counter at least 5 hours after
collection to allow 222Rn progeny to decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA
officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found; however, as of the first
quarter of 2012, NAREL no longer reports field estimates in Environmental Radiation Data.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analysis in a gas proportional counter. Gamma
scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta activity greater than 1 pCi/m3.
All stations routinely submit precipitation samples as rainfall, snow, or sleet occurs. The precip-
itation samples are composited at NAREL into single monthly samples for each station. Each
month that precipitation occurs, an aliquant of the composited sample is analyzed for gamma-
emitting radionuclides. NAREL discontinued gross beta analysis of precipitation in January 2010
and discontinued tritium analysis of precipitation in January 2012.
1

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Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
October 2013



NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

AK: Anchorage
5
0.003
0.001
0.002
AK: Fairbanks
10
0.007
0.002
0.003
AK: Juneau
4
0.001
0.001
0.001
AL: Birmingham
9
0.017
0.006
0.010
AL: Montgomery/408
5
0.017
0.006
0.011
AR: Fort Smith
5
0.013
0.005
0.010
AR: Little Rock
7
0.017
0.005
0.009
AZ: Phoenix/956
7
0.023
0.011
0.017
AZ: Tucson
7
0.017
0.008
0.012
CA: Anaheim
7
0.032
0.004
0.017
CA: Eureka
4
0.006
0.002
0.004
CA: Fresno
2
0.059
0.051
0.055
CA: Los Angeles
6
0.037
0.009
0.019
CA: Richmond
5
0.017
0.003
0.009
CA: Riverside
9
0.054
0.008
0.021
CA: Sacramento
9
0.051
0.003
0.025
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
7
0.026
0.010
0.015
CA: San Diego
5
0.027
0.006
0.016
CA: San Francisco
9
0.016
0.002
0.010
CA: San Jose
3
0.022
0.007
0.016
CO: Colorado Springs
3
0.012
0.007
0.010
CO: Denver
9
0.027
0.008
0.015
CO: Grand Junction
4
0.013
0.008
0.011
CT: Hartford
2
0.006
0.004
0.005
DC: Washington
5
0.014
0.004
0.008
DE: Dover
2
0.007
0.005
0.006
FL: Jacksonville
8
0.015
0.003
0.008
FL: Miami
3
0.005
0.003
0.004
FL: Orlando
6
0.005
0.003
0.004
FL: Tallahassee
4
0.008
0.005
0.006
FL: Tampa
7
0.014
0.004
0.008
GA: Atlanta
2
0.014
0.012
0.013
GA: Augusta
6
0.010
0.004
0.007
HI: Honolulu
9
0.003
0.001
0.002
IA: Des Moines
7
0.010
0.004
0.007
IA: Mason City
4
0.012
0.005
0.007
ID: Boise
2
0.016
0.010
0.013
ID: Idaho Falls
9
0.024
0.007
0.013
2

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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
October 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

IL: Aurora
8
0.013
0.006
0.010
IL: Champaign
8
0.010
0.005
0.006
IL: Chicago
2
0.011
0.007
0.009
IN: Fort Wayne
3
0.013
0.012
0.013
IN: Indianapolis
9
0.020
0.007
0.011
KS: Kansas City
4
0.009
0.008
0.008
KS: Wichita
6
0.010
0.006
0.008
KY: Lexington
8
0.018
0.008
0.013
KY: Louisville
8
0.016
0.006
0.011
LA: Baton Rouge
8
0.013
0.004
0.008
LA: Shreveport
2
0.009
0.007
0.008
MA: Boston
7
0.009
0.005
0.007
MA: Worcester
9
0.013
0.005
0.009
MD: Baltimore
7
0.016
0.004
0.010
ME: Orono
3
0.010
0.007
0.009
ME: Portland
8
0.008
0.002
0.004
MI: Bay City 48708
9
0.008
0.003
0.006
MI: Detroit
9
0.010
0.004
0.007
MI: Grand Rapids
5
0.011
0.006
0.008
MN: Duluth
5
0.007
0.003
0.004
MN: St. Paul
5
0.010
0.004
0.006
MO: Jefferson City
8
0.010
0.004
0.007
MO: Springfield
9
0.013
0.005
0.009
MO: St. Louis
5
0.011
0.005
0.008
MS: Jackson/Deq
3
0.013
0.006
0.009
MT: Billings
4
0.010
0.005
0.008
NC: Charlotte
8
0.013
0.003
0.008
NC: Greensboro
2
0.014
0.007
0.011
NC: Wilmington
5
0.009
0.003
0.006
ND: Bismarck
6
0.008
0.005
0.007
NE: Kearney
8
0.011
0.006
0.008
NE: Lincoln
8
0.011
0.003
0.006
NE: Omaha
3
0.009
0.006
0.007
NH: Concord
6
0.008
0.003
0.005
NJ: Edison
6
0.014
0.006
0.009
NM: Albuquerque
3
0.020
0.010
0.014
NM: Carlsbad
7
0.012
0.003
0.007
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
5
0.016
0.010
0.013
3

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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
October 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

NV: Las Vegas/913
9
0.013
0.004
0.008
NV: Reno
8
0.022
0.006
0.014
NY: Albany
8
0.014
0.005
0.009
NY: Lockport
7
0.010
0.004
0.007
NY: New York City
3
0.006
0.006
0.006
NY: Rochester
6
0.010
0.003
0.006
NY: Syracuse
3
0.011
0.005
0.008
NY: Yaphank
7
0.010
0.002
0.005
OH: Cincinnati
10
0.014
0.006
0.009
OH: Cleveland
9
0.018
0.007
0.012
OH: Painesville
9
0.015
0.005
0.009
OH: Toledo
9
0.010
0.004
0.007
OK: Oklahoma City
8
0.012
0.008
0.011
OK: Tulsa
9
0.012
0.005
0.008
OR: Corvallis
5
0.018
0.003
0.010
OR: Portland
10
0.013
0.002
0.006
PA: Bloomsburg
8
0.011
0.003
0.006
PA: Philadelphia
5
0.017
0.006
0.009
PA: Pittsburgh
6
0.016
0.005
0.009
PR: San Juan
6
0.013
0.002
0.007
RI: Providence
4
0.011
0.006
0.008
SC: Columbia
8
0.019
0.005
0.012
SD: Pierre
8
0.014
0.005
0.008
SD: Rapid City
6
0.010
0.005
0.008
TN: Knoxville
3
0.018
0.012
0.014
TN: Memphis
6
0.014
0.006
0.009
TN: Nashville
9
0.014
0.006
0.010
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
9
0.023
0.008
0.014
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
8
0.023
0.009
0.014
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
9
0.020
0.006
0.011
TN: Oak Ridgc/Y 12 E
9
0.028
0.008
0.015
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
9
0.026
0.008
0.014
TX: Amarillo
6
0.025
0.010
0.015
TX: Austin
4
0.011
0.006
0.008
TX: Dallas
6
0.011
0.005
0.008
TX: El Paso
8
0.027
0.012
0.018
TX: Ft. Worth
4
0.012
0.005
0.009
TX: Harlingen
1
0.009
0.009
0.009
4

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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
October 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

TX: Houston
8
0.013
0.005
0.009
TX: Laredo
2
0.005
0.004
0.005
TX: Lubbock
8
0.002
0.001
0.001
TX: San Angelo
3
0.012
0.009
0.010
TX: San Antonio
10
0.009
0.004
0.007
UT: Salt Lake City
9
0.017
0.005
0.011
UT: St. George
3
0.019
0.011
0.017
VA: Harrisonburg
9
0.019
0.005
0.010
VA: Lynchburg
8
0.024
0.002
0.011
VA: Richmond
9
0.014
0.002
0.008
VA: Virginia Beach
6
0.014
0.001
0.006
VT: Burlington
3
0.029
0.002
0.012
WA: Olympia
8
0.009
0.001
0.005
WA: Richland
6
0.016
0.002
0.009
WA: Seattle
3
0.009
0.003
0.006
WA: Spokane
8
0.023
0.002
0.013
WI: Lacrosse
2
0.005
0.005
0.005
WI: Madison
9
0.010
0.004
0.007
WI: Milwaukee
3
0.005
0.003
0.004
WI: Shawano
9
0.010
0.002
0.006
WV: Charleston
6
0.016
0.009
0.012
WY: Casper
2
0.013
0.008
0.010
5

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Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
November 2013



NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

AK: Anchorage
3
0.005
0.002
0.003
AK: Fairbanks
7
0.011
0.004
0.007
AK: Juneau
4
0.006
0.002
0.003
AL: Birmingham
8
0.011
0.005
0.008
AL: Montgomery/408
7
0.009
0.005
0.007
AR: Fort Smith
3
0.010
0.008
0.009
AR: Little Rock
3
0.010
0.006
0.008
AZ: Phoenix/956
5
0.017
0.006
0.011
AZ: Tucson
8
0.017
0.003
0.010
CA: Anaheim
8
0.018
0.003
0.008
CA: Eureka
1
0.006
0.006
0.006
CA: Fresno
3
0.072
0.028
0.044
CA: Los Angeles
7
0.023
0.006
0.014
CA: Richmond
4
0.014
0.005
0.011
CA: Riverside
8
0.023
0.008
0.014
CA: Sacramento
6
0.053
0.013
0.030
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
6
0.022
0.006
0.013
CA: San Diego
4
0.011
0.004
0.009
CA: San Francisco
7
0.028
0.003
0.010
CA: San Jose
7
0.016
0.005
0.011
CO: Colorado Springs
1
0.014
0.014
0.014
CO: Denver
6
0.023
0.009
0.015
CO: Grand Junction
3
0.023
0.009
0.017
CT: Hartford
8
0.011
0.004
0.005
DC: Washington
9
0.019
0.005
0.008
DE: Dover
3
0.008
0.004
0.006
FL: Jacksonville
5
0.017
0.005
0.008
FL: Miami
3
0.008
0.003
0.005
FL: Orlando
7
0.009
0.003
0.005
FL: Tallahassee
3
0.009
0.004
0.006
FL: Tampa
6
0.008
0.003
0.005
GA: Atlanta
2
0.009
0.008
0.009
GA: Augusta
3
0.005
0.004
0.005
HI: Honolulu
9
0.003
0.001
0.002
IA: Des Moines
7
0.013
0.007
0.010
IA: Mason City
4
0.015
0.010
0.013
ID: Boise
4
0.020
0.004
0.011
ID: Idaho Falls
8
0.024
0.006
0.014
6

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Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
November 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

IL: Aurora
1
0.018
0.018
0.018
IL: Champaign
8
0.015
0.005
0.009
IL: Chicago
6
0.021
0.009
0.012
IN: Fort Wayne
3
0.017
0.009
0.012
IN: Indianapolis
8
0.016
0.006
0.010
KS: Kansas City
1
0.016
0.016
0.016
KS: Wichita
7
0.017
0.006
0.009
KY: Lexington
4
0.021
0.009
0.012
KY: Louisville
4
0.017
0.008
0.011
LA: Baton Rouge
7
0.009
0.004
0.007
LA: Shreveport
7
0.009
0.003
0.006
MA: Boston
9
0.010
0.004
0.006
MA: Worcester
8
0.015
0.004
0.007
MD: Baltimore
7
0.023
0.005
0.009
ME: Orono
3
0.008
0.004
0.007
ME: Portland
7
0.007
0.002
0.004
MI: Bay City 48708
6
0.011
0.005
0.008
MI: Detroit
6
0.015
0.005
0.009
MI: Grand Rapids
3
0.008
0.007
0.007
MN: Duluth
4
0.009
0.006
0.007
MN: St. Paul
4
0.016
0.009
0.011
MO: Jefferson City
3
0.009
0.006
0.008
MO: Springfield
6
0.014
0.005
0.009
MO: St. Louis
2
0.010
0.007
0.009
MS: Jackson/Deq
3
0.016
0.005
0.010
MT: Billings
4
0.014
0.006
0.009
NC: Charlotte
7
0.016
0.005
0.008
NC: Greensboro
1
0.009
0.009
0.009
NC: Wilmington
4
0.005
0.003
0.004
ND: Bismarck
5
0.013
0.006
0.011
NE: Kearney
1
0.011
0.011
0.011
NE: Lincoln
7
0.009
0.005
0.007
NE: Omaha
4
0.014
0.010
0.011
NH: Concord
5
0.007
0.004
0.005
NJ: Edison
9
0.019
0.004
0.007
NM: Albuquerque
4
0.025
0.014
0.018
NM: Carlsbad
5
0.034
0.008
0.016
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
4
0.018
0.012
0.014
7

-------
Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
November 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

NV: Las Vegas/913
8
0.016
0.004
0.010
NV: Reno
8
0.025
0.006
0.017
NY: Albany
7
0.019
0.005
0.008
NY: Lockport
9
0.009
0.004
0.005
NY: New York City
2
0.006
0.004
0.005
NY: Rochester
5
0.009
0.003
0.005
NY: Syracuse
3
0.009
0.006
0.007
NY: Yaphank
4
0.004
0.003
0.004
OH: Cincinnati
8
0.015
0.004
0.008
OH: Cleveland
8
0.015
0.005
0.009
OH: Painesville
7
0.015
0.007
0.009
OH: Toledo
7
0.013
0.005
0.007
OK: Oklahoma City
7
0.018
0.007
0.013
OK: Tulsa
8
0.015
0.006
0.010
OR: Corvallis
7
0.019
0.002
0.007
OR: Portland
8
0.041
0.003
0.010
PA: Bloomsburg
7
0.009
0.003
0.005
PA: Philadelphia
3
0.011
0.004
0.007
PA: Pittsburgh
3
0.008
0.006
0.007
PR: San Juan
8
0.007
0.002
0.003
RI: Providence
3
0.010
0.005
0.007
SC: Columbia
7
0.021
0.006
0.011
SD: Pierre
7
0.015
0.007
0.011
SD: Rapid City
7
0.017
0.006
0.010
TN: Knoxville
4
0.017
0.009
0.012
TN: Memphis
8
0.012
0.004
0.008
TN: Nashville
5
0.012
0.006
0.008
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
6
0.015
0.008
0.011
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
6
0.034
0.008
0.017
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
6
0.012
0.006
0.009
TN: Oak Ridgc/Y 12 E
6
0.018
0.008
0.012
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
6
0.015
0.009
0.011
TX: Amarillo
8
0.022
0.015
0.017
TX: Austin
3
0.008
0.007
0.008
TX: Dallas
6
0.009
0.006
0.008
TX: El Paso
4
0.025
0.014
0.020
TX: Ft. Worth
4
0.011
0.007
0.008
TX: Harlingen
2
0.006
0.006
0.006
8

-------
Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
November 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

TX: Houston
9
0.010
0.006
0.008
TX: Lubbock
6
0.003
0.001
0.002
TX: San Angelo
4
0.011
0.007
0.009
TX: San Antonio
7
0.009
0.006
0.007
UT: Salt Lake City
6
0.012
0.004
0.009
UT: St. George
3
0.018
0.010
0.015
VA: Harrisonburg
6
0.009
0.005
0.007
VA: Lynchburg
7
0.014
0.006
0.009
VA: Richmond
7
0.017
0.004
0.008
VA: Virginia Beach
7
0.015
0.004
0.007
VT: Burlington
6
0.008
0.003
0.005
WA: Olympia
5
0.007
0.002
0.004
WA: Richland
6
0.018
0.003
0.009
WA: Seattle
5
0.011
0.002
0.005
WA: Spokane
7
0.032
0.003
0.010
WI: Lacrosse
1
0.008
0.008
0.008
WI: Madison
9
0.018
0.007
0.011
WI: Milwaukee
4
0.009
0.003
0.005
WI: Shawano
8
0.013
0.005
0.008
WV: Charleston
5
0.015
0.003
0.008
WY: Casper
6
0.020
0.006
0.012
9

-------
Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
December 2013



NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

AK: Anchorage
5
0.007
0.004
0.006
AK: Fairbanks
9
0.018
0.006
0.012
AK: Juneau
7
0.009
0.002
0.005
AL: Birmingham
9
0.012
0.006
0.010
AL: Montgomery/408
8
0.013
0.005
0.010
AR: Little Rock
1
0.010
0.010
0.010
AZ: Phoenix/956
4
0.020
0.011
0.014
AZ: Tucson
4
0.020
0.007
0.012
CA: Anaheim
7
0.010
0.004
0.007
CA: Eureka
2
0.009
0.003
0.006
CA: Los Angeles
4
0.017
0.010
0.012
CA: Richmond
4
0.030
0.012
0.022
CA: Riverside
9
0.017
0.006
0.011
CA: Sacramento
5
0.046
0.018
0.028
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
9
0.015
0.005
0.010
CA: San Diego
5
0.011
0.005
0.008
CA: San Francisco
9
0.027
0.005
0.017
CA: San Jose
6
0.031
0.007
0.019
CO: Denver
7
0.039
0.007
0.015
CO: Grand Junction
5
0.057
0.023
0.035
CT: Hartford
8
0.013
0.007
0.009
DC: Washington
8
0.022
0.007
0.013
DE: Dover
3
0.012
0.006
0.009
FL: Jacksonville
6
0.010
0.005
0.008
FL: Miami
2
0.003
0.002
0.003
FL: Orlando
6
0.006
0.004
0.005
FL: Tallahassee
4
0.007
0.004
0.006
FL: Tampa
6
0.008
0.004
0.006
GA: Atlanta
4
0.012
0.006
0.008
GA: Augusta
5
0.006
0.004
0.005
HI: Honolulu
9
0.002
0.001
0.001
IA: Des Moines
9
0.033
0.010
0.018
IA: Mason City
5
0.042
0.013
0.022
ID: Boise
6
0.057
0.012
0.029
ID: Idaho Falls
9
0.043
0.011
0.027
IL: Aurora
1
0.016
0.016
0.016
IL: Champaign
7
0.021
0.011
0.016
IL: Chicago
8
0.025
0.010
0.016
10

-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
December 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

IN: Fort Wayne
5
0.021
0.014
0.016
IN: Indianapolis
9
0.027
0.010
0.018
KS: Kansas City
9
0.029
0.011
0.020
KS: Wichita
8
0.024
0.010
0.019
KY: Lexington
7
0.023
0.012
0.016
KY: Louisville
4
0.017
0.013
0.015
LA: Baton Rouge
9
0.017
0.005
0.012
LA: Shreveport
5
0.015
0.010
0.013
MA: Boston
9
0.016
0.006
0.009
MA: Worcester
8
0.017
0.006
0.011
MD: Baltimore
8
0.024
0.005
0.012
ME: Orono
4
0.011
0.004
0.008
ME: Portland
7
0.009
0.003
0.007
MI: Bay City 48708
7
0.018
0.010
0.014
MI: Detroit
7
0.021
0.011
0.015
MI: Grand Rapids
4
0.020
0.014
0.016
MN: Duluth
8
0.017
0.005
0.013
MN: St. Paul
5
0.021
0.010
0.015
MO: Jefferson City
9
0.020
0.009
0.015
MO: Springfield
7
0.018
0.010
0.016
MO: St. Louis
3
0.018
0.013
0.016
MS: Jackson/Deq
5
0.013
0.009
0.011
MT: Billings
4
0.019
0.006
0.014
NC: Charlotte
8
0.011
0.003
0.008
NC: Greensboro
1
0.010
0.010
0.010
NC: Wilmington
4
0.007
0.003
0.005
ND: Bismarck
6
0.020
0.011
0.014
NE: Lincoln
8
0.017
0.008
0.013
NE: Omaha
5
0.019
0.013
0.016
NH: Concord
6
0.014
0.005
0.008
NJ: Edison
7
0.023
0.006
0.012
NM: Albuquerque
3
0.023
0.016
0.019
NM: Carlsbad
6
0.100
0.007
0.027
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
5
0.023
0.012
0.019
NV: Las Vegas/913
7
0.016
0.007
0.010
NV: Reno
8
0.069
0.007
0.038
NY: Albany
6
0.028
0.011
0.015
NY: Lockport
7
0.011
0.003
0.009
11

-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
December 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

NY: New York City
3
0.010
0.005
0.008
NY: Rochester
8
0.015
0.005
0.008
NY: Yaphank
5
0.012
0.004
0.008
OH: Cincinnati
8
0.017
0.007
0.012
OH: Cleveland
9
0.023
0.007
0.017
OH: Columbus
1
0.013
0.013
0.013
OH: Painesville
6
0.017
0.011
0.015
OH: Toledo
10
0.022
0.005
0.012
OK: Oklahoma City
7
0.038
0.015
0.025
OK: Tulsa
9
0.028
0.013
0.019
OR: Corvallis
9
0.017
0.002
0.008
OR: Portland
8
0.033
0.003
0.012
PA: Bloomsburg
6
0.017
0.006
0.010
PA: Philadelphia
5
0.015
0.007
0.010
PA: Pittsburgh
5
0.016
0.010
0.012
PR: San Juan
8
0.003
0.001
0.002
RI: Providence
2
0.011
0.009
0.010
SC: Columbia
4
0.012
0.007
0.010
SD: Pierre
9
0.031
0.009
0.017
SD: Rapid City
7
0.015
0.007
0.012
TN: Knoxville
4
0.017
0.008
0.013
TN: Memphis
7
0.019
0.012
0.014
TN: Nashville
7
0.014
0.007
0.011
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
8
0.023
0.005
0.015
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
7
0.078
0.006
0.023
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
7
0.016
0.004
0.011
TN: Oak Ridgc/Y 12 E
8
0.026
0.004
0.015
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
8
0.023
0.005
0.015
TX: Amarillo
5
0.028
0.012
0.021
TX: Austin
5
0.027
0.007
0.015
TX: Dallas
6
0.037
0.013
0.021
TX: El Paso
3
0.029
0.012
0.022
TX: Ft. Worth
4
0.032
0.007
0.017
TX: Harlingen
2
0.030
0.015
0.023
TX: Houston
8
0.026
0.008
0.015
TX: Lubbock
4
0.004
0.002
0.003
TX: San Angelo
3
0.023
0.009
0.016
TX: San Antonio
9
0.028
0.008
0.018
12

-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
December 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
IMin
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

UT: Salt Lake City
8
0.028
0.006
0.018
UT: St. George
5
0.032
0.016
0.025
VA: Harrisonburg
8
0.016
0.006
0.009
VA: Lynchburg
7
0.024
0.005
0.012
VA: Richmond
4
0.015
0.006
0.010
VA: Virginia Beach
8
0.016
0.006
0.009
VT: Burlington
9
0.015
0.005
0.010
WA: Olympia
9
0.015
0.001
0.006
WA: Richland
8
0.072
0.010
0.024
WA: Seattle
2
0.012
0.011
0.011
WA: Spokane
9
0.055
0.009
0.023
WI: Lacrosse
4
0.016
0.011
0.014
WI: Madison
7
0.027
0.012
0.017
WI: Shawano
9
0.018
0.008
0.013
WV: Charleston
5
0.014
0.008
0.011
WY: Casper
6
0.029
0.005
0.015
13

-------
Table 5
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
October 2013
Location
Nuclide
pCi/L ±
2 u
AL: Montgomery/408

ND

AR: Little Rock

ND

CO: Denver

ND

CT: Hartford
Be-7
35
26
FL: Jacksonville
Be-7
29
22
GA: Atlanta
Ra-228
3.6
3.5
HI: Honolulu

ND

ID: Idaho Falls

ND

KS: Kansas City

ND

MA: Boston
Be-7
42
23
MI: Lansing

ND

MN: St. Paul

ND

MN: Welch/510

ND

NC: Charlotte

ND

NC: Wilmington

ND

NY: Albany

ND

OH: Painesville

ND

PA: Harrisburg

ND

TN: Knoxville

ND

TN: Nashville

ND

TN: Oak Ridge/K25
Be-7
28
16
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton

ND

TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E

ND

TX: Austin

ND

UT: Salt Lake City
Be-7
34
28
VA: Lynchburg
K-40
47
28
WA: Olympia
Be-7
29
27
14

-------
Table 6
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
November 2013
Location
Nuclide
pCi/L ±
2 u
AL: Montgomery/408

ND

AR: Little Rock

ND

AZ: Phoenix

ND

CA: Richmond

ND

CT: Hartford
Be-7
55
22
FL: Jacksonville

ND

GA: Atlanta

ND

HI: Honolulu

ND

ID: Idaho Falls

ND

KS: Kansas City

ND

MA: Boston
Be-7
87
26
MI: Lansing

ND

MN: St. Paul
Be-7
16
12
MN: Welch/510

ND

NC: Charlotte

ND

NC: Wilmington

ND

NH: Concord

ND

NY: Albany

ND

NY: Yaphank

ND

OR: Portland

ND

PA: Harrisburg

ND

TN: Nashville

ND

TN: Oak Ridge/K25
Be-7
46
23
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
Be-7
54
24
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
Be-7
25
21
UT: Salt Lake City
Be-7
62
24
VA: Lynchburg
Pb-212
2.3
2.3
WA: Olympia
Be-7
22
21
15

-------
Table 7
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
December 2013
Location
Nuclide
pCi/L ± 2 u
AL: Montgomery/408

ND

AR: Little Rock
Be-7
24
18
AZ: Phoenix

ND

CA: Richmond
K-40
12
10
CT: Hartford
Be-7
19
16
FL: Jacksonville

ND

GA: Atlanta
Be-7
30
18
HI: Honolulu
Be-7
20
15
ID: Idaho Falls
Be-7
22
18
MA: Boston
Be-7
109
27
MI: Lansing
Be-7
23
15
MN: St. Paul

ND

NC: Charlotte

ND

NC: Wilmington

ND

NH: Concord

ND

NY: Albany

ND

OR: Portland
Be-7
43
19
PA: Harrisburg

ND

TN: Knoxville

ND

TN: Nashville
Be-7
34
18
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
Be-7
46
20
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
Be-7
50
19
TN: Oak Ridgc/Y 12 E
Be-7
49
21
UT: Salt Lake City

ND

VA: Lynchburg

ND

WA: Olympia
Be-7
31
18
16

-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis
of annually composited samples (air filters) collected from the airborne particulate
samplers. Plutonium and uranium results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of the
following year.
Concentrations of plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234,
235, and 238 are determined by alpha-particle spectrometry following chemical
separation. The total volume of air represented by all the samples received from one
sampling location during a year typically ranges from 120,000 m3 to 500,000 m3. The
aliquot analyzed is a fraction of the total volume and is typically between 5,000 m3 and
30,000 m3.
17

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This page intentionally left blank
18

-------
2. Drinking Water Program
The RadNet drinking water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation's
drinking water supplies. Sampling sites are either major population centers or selected nuclear
facility environs.
Drinking water data are used to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations. The analysis
scheme for RadNet samples is similar to that of EPA's "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross
beta, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and
radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L on annual composites; (d) iodine-131
on one quarterly sample per year for each station; (e) plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239
and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater
than 2 pCi/L on annual composites; and (f) strontium-90 on one-fourth of the annual composites
on a four year rotating schedule. Composite results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of
the following year.
RadNet drinking water data should not be used to monitor compliance with drinking water regu-
lations or for comparisons to those data since different procedures for collection and analysis
may be used.
19

-------
Table 8
Tritium in Drinking Water
October-December 2013

Date
3H
Location
Collected
pCi/L ± 2u
AK: Fairbanks
10/16/13
-18 81
AL: Dothan
10/08/13
-94 90
AL: Montgomery
10/16/13
-51 80
AL: Muscle Shoals
10/02/13
129 98
AL: Scottsboro
10/01/13
96 97
AR: Little Rock
10/03/13
-114 87
CT: Hartford
10/01/13
-32 92
DE: Dover
11/19/13
-14 85
GA: Baxley
10/09/13
-68 79
GA: Savannah
12/11/13
32 87
HI: Honolulu
11/12/13
16 87
IA: Cedar Rapids
11/01/13
34 88
ID: Boise
10/01/13
-40 91
ID: Idaho Falls
10/10/13
o
00
"3-
1
IL: W. Chicago
10/22/13
-53 80
KS: Topeka
10/17/13
-17 81
LA: New Orleans
10/22/13
80 85
MD: Baltimore
10/16/13
-18 81
MD: Conowingo
10/03/13
-113 88
MI: Detroit
11/14/13
127 92
MN: St. Paul
10/02/13
-4 93
MN: Welch
10/02/13
-6 94
MO: Jefferson City
12/10/13
4 88
MS: Jackson
11/12/13
4 86
MS: Port Gibson
11/12/13
45 88
MT: Helena
10/23/13
-82 78
ND: Bismarck
11/05/13
79 90
NE: Lincoln
10/07/13
-20 92
NH: Concord
11/12/13
30 88
NJ: Trenton
10/29/13
13 82
NJ: Waretown
10/29/13
o
00
00
-t
1
NY: Albany
10/30/13
-27 81
NY: New York City
12/18/13
38 89
NY: Niagara Falls
10/22/13
36 83
NY: Syracuse
12/03/13
95 90
OH: Cincinnati
10/22/13
o
00
00
"-f
1
OH: Columbus
10/17/13
00
r-
m
1
OH: E. Liverpool
10/30/13
400 100
OH: Painesville
11/25/13
68 90
OH: Toledo
12/10/13
118 91
20

-------
Table 8 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
October-December 2013

Date
3H
Location
Collected
pCi/L ± 2u
OR: Portland
12/27/13
83 91
PA: Columbia
10/03/13
2130 180
PA: Harrisburg
10/03/13
-74 89
PA: Pittsburgh
10/29/13
93 90
RI: Providence
10/04/13
-24 81
SC: Barnwell
11/27/13
16 86
SC: Columbia
10/31/13
62 90
SC: Jenkinsville
10/09/13
-4 83
SC: Seneca
11/12/13
50 89
TN: Knoxville
10/03/13
-57 91
TN: Oak Ridge/#360
10/01/13
-49 91
TN: OakRidge/#371
10/01/13
-34 91
TN: Oak Ridge/#4442
10/01/13
0 93
TN: Oak Ridge/#768
10/01/13
-36 91
TN: Oak Ridge/#772
10/01/13
-67 91
TX: Austin
10/15/13
-78 79
VA: Ashland
12/12/13
22 86
VA: Lynchburg
12/19/13
30 87
WA: Richland
11/13/13
33 87
WI: Madison
10/10/13
-16 81
21

-------
Table 9
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 2013

Date
131 j
Location
Collected
pCi/L ± 2 u
AL: Dothan
04/04/13
-0.04 0.14
AL: Montgomery
04/18/13
0.01 0.11
AL: Muscle Shoals
04/04/13
0.04 0.15
AL: Scottsboro
04/03/13
-0.08 0.17
AR: Little Rock
04/15/13
0.07 0.15
CO: Denver
01/18/13
0.08 0.17
CT: Hartford
04/10/13
-0.02 0.14
DE: Dover
04/22/13
0.21 0.16
FL: Tampa
07/11/13
0.02 0.16
GA: Baxley
04/17/13
0.03 0.15
GA: Savannah
03/29/13
0.00 0.16
HI: Honolulu
08/12/13
0.00 0.32
IA: Cedar Rapids
05/07/13
-0.03 0.16
IL: Morris
04/05/13
-0.06 0.13
IL: W. Chicago
05/06/13
0.20 0.32
KS: Topeka
01/23/13
0.06 0.18
LA: New Orleans
01/11/13
0.06 0.18
MD: Baltimore
04/08/13
0.06 0.15
MI: Detroit
04/11/13
0.00 0.17
MN: St. Paul
04/03/13
-0.05 0.17
MO: Jefferson City
04/08/13
-0.14 0.33
MS: Jackson
01/29/13
0.06 0.14
MS: Port Gibson
01/29/13
0.09 0.16
MT: Helena
01/27/13
0.10 0.19
ND: Bismarck
04/12/13
0.04 0.15
NE: Lincoln
04/08/13
-0.06 0.15
NH: Concord
11/12/13
0.15 0.17
NJ: Trenton
10/29/13
0.26 0.28
NJ: Waretown
10/29/13
0.06 0.26
NY: Albany
10/30/13
-0.07 0.26
NY: New York City
12/18/13
-0.03 0.45
NY: Niagara Falls
10/22/13
0.21 0.28
NY: Syracuse
01/24/13
0.35 0.18
OH: Cincinnati
01/18/13
-0.01 0.21
OH: Columbus
04/16/13
-0.01 0.14
OH: E. Liverpool
03/13/13
0.56 0.20
OH: Painesville
03/11/13
0.15 0.32
OH: Toledo
01/03/13
0.22 0.30
PA: Columbia
07/03/13
0.20 0.16
PA: Harrisburg
07/03/13
0.04 0.16
PA: Pittsburgh
03/13/13
0.12 0.13
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Table 9 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 2013

Date
131 j
Location
Collected
pCi/L ± 2 u
SC: Barnwell
01/30/13
-0.03 0.16
SC: Columbia
01/24/13
-0.04 0.35
SC: Jenkinsville
10/09/13
0.4 1.6
SC: Seneca
11/12/13
0.04 0.16
TN: Chattanooga
04/08/13
0.01 0.16
TX: Austin
04/03/13
0.13 0.19
VA: Ashland
12/12/13
0.3 1.6
VA: Lynchburg
03/21/13
0.15 0.13
WA: Richland
05/14/13
0.06 0.19
WI: Madison
07/03/13
0.22 0.34
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3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of certain radionuclides since it is
consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically
significant radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A
primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radio-
nuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Milk samples are collected quarterly at each of the sampling sites. The samples are analyzed for
gamma-emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium-40.
Total potassium concentrations in g/L are determined from potassium-40 activities assuming
natural isotopic abundances. During the third quarter collection, one-fourth of the samples are
also analyzed for strontium-90 on a four year rotating schedule.
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Table 10
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October-December 2013

Date
K
137Cs
140Ba
131j
Location
Collected
g/L ± 2 u
pCi/L ± 2u
pCi/L ± 2u
pCi/L ± 2m
AR: Fayetteville
11/18/13
1.68 0.19
ND
ND
ND
AZ: Phoenix
11/14/13
1.63 0.19
ND
ND
ND
CA: Oakland
10/15/13
1.65 0.20
ND
ND
ND
CT: Hartford
11/12/13
1.65 0.19
ND
ND
ND
DE: Wilmington
11/04/13
1.59 0.19
ND
ND
ND
FL: Plant City
10/15/13
1.54 0.18
ND
ND
ND
HI: Hilo
10/08/13
1.61 0.18
ND
ND
ND
IA: Des Moines
12/02/13
1.68 0.19
ND
ND
ND
KS: Wichita
10/23/13
1.59 0.18
ND
ND
ND
KY: Louisville
10/21/13
1.69 0.19
ND
ND
ND
MA: Boston
12/11/13
1.64 0.20
ND
ND
NR
MD: Baltimore
10/18/13
1.73 0.20
ND
ND
ND
MI: Detroit
11/18/13
1.70 0.20
ND
ND
ND
NJ: Trenton
10/22/13
1.67 0.20
ND
ND
ND
NM: Albuquerque
10/07/13
1.65 0.19
ND
ND
ND
NV: Las Vegas
11/18/13
1.66 0.20
ND
ND
ND
NV: Reno
12/12/13
1.64 0.20
ND
ND
NR
NY: Buffalo
12/11/13
1.66 0.19
ND
ND
NR
NY: Syracuse
10/03/13
1.62 0.20
ND
ND
ND
OH: Cincinnati
12/09/13
1.72 0.20
ND
ND
ND
OH: Cleveland
11/01/13
1.65 0.19
ND
ND
ND
OR: Portland
12/23/13
1.75 0.21
ND
ND
ND
PA: Pittsburgh
10/22/13
1.73 0.20
ND
ND
ND
SC: Charleston
10/15/13
1.58 0.19
ND
ND
ND
TN: Chattanooga
12/02/13
1.58 0.19
ND
ND
ND
TN: Knoxville
11/12/13
1.51 0.19
ND
ND
ND
TN: Memphis
10/02/13
1.60 0.19
ND
ND
ND
TX: Austin
10/07/13
1.71 0.20
ND
ND
ND
VT: Montpelier
12/26/13
1.65 0.19
ND
ND
ND
WA: Spokane
11/15/13
1.53 0.18
ND
ND
ND
WA: Tacoma
12/30/13
1.74 0.20
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not detected
NR = No result (not analyzed within 5 half-lives of collection)
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For More Information
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet and the data that are generated
should be directed as follows:
Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet, the data that are generated, or
publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
email: petko.charles@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be
directed to:
Jonathan Edwards
USEPA - ORIA
Radiation Protection Division (MC6608J)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
email: edwards.jonathan@epa.gov
***
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