Environmental Radiation Data REPORT 156 October-December 2013 United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air ------- This page intentionally left blank 11 ------- Contents Page List of Tables v Preface vii Acknowledgments ix Data Reporting Conventions xi 1. Air Program 1 Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 1 Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates 17 2. Water Program 19 3. Milk Program 25 Pasteurized Milk 25 in ------- This page intentionally left blank iv ------- List of Tables Table Page 1 Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations xiii 2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: October 2013 2 3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: November 2013 6 4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: December 2013 10 5 Specific Gamma in Precipitation: October 2013 14 6 Specific Gamma in Precipitation: November 2013 15 7 Specific Gamma in Precipitation: December 2013 16 8 Tritium in Drinking Water: October-December 2013 20 9 Iodine-131 in Drinking Water: January-December 2013 22 10 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: October-December 2013 26 v ------- This page intentionally left blank vi ------- Preface Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data from the RadNet monitoring system (formerly ERAMS), which is operated by the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air's National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama. ERD is published in both hard-copy and electronic formats. Electronic reports are available online at http ://www.epa.gov/narel. RadNet data are also available online in a searchable database at: http://www.epa.gov/enviro/facts/radnet The United States Environmental Protection Agency established RadNet in 1973 with an emphasis on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environ- ment. RadNet is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air particulate, precipitation, drinking water, and milk samples. Sampling locations are selected to provide population and geographic coverage for the United States. The radiation analyses performed on RadNet samples may include gross alpha and gross beta analysis, gamma analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for isotopes of uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides informa- tion on natural background levels and possible accidental releases into the environment. vii ------- This page intentionally left blank viii ------- Acknowledgments All sampling for the RadNet monitoring system (formerly ERAMS) is performed by volunteer collectors who are frequently members of health departments or related environmental agencies of their respective states. The National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL), on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, would like to acknowledge the time and effort of these volunteer collectors, who are so essential to the successful operation of RadNet. The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times of emergency operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes demanding. IX ------- This page intentionally left blank x ------- Data Reporting Conventions Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured value that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measure- ment process cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or back- ground, which is subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were reported as "not detected" or "ND," and gamma analysis results that were less than their estimated measurement uncertainties were also reported as "ND." In January 1996, both of these practices were discontinued. Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion of negative results in the report allows better statistical analysis of the data. Results of gamma analyses are still reported as "ND" when gamma-emitting radionuclides are not detected. Measurement Uncertainty Each measured valuey is reported with an expanded uncertainty U=k uc(y), which is determined from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k = 2. The interval from y- Utoy+ Uis estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95 %. Significant Figures Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded to the corresponding number of decimal places. Detection Capability The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1. The MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95 % probability of detection when the detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5 % probability of false detection in a sample that is analyte-free. XI ------- This page intentionally left blank Xll ------- Table 1 Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations for Radionuclide Analyses Radionuclide Media Reporting Unit IMinimum Detectable Concentration Gross Alpha Water pCi/L 2 Gross Beta Air pCi/m3 0.0006 Water pCi/L 2 Precipitation pCi/L 2 Tritium Water pCi/L 150 * Plutonium-23 8,23 9/240 Air aCi/m3 6 Water pCi/L 0.3 f Uranium-234,238 Air aCi/m3 7.5 Water pCi/L 0.35 f Uranium-235 Air aCi/m3 9 Water pCi/L 0.4 Radium-226 Water pCi/L 0.02 Strontium-90 Milk pCi/L 2 Water pCi/L 1 t Iodine-131 Milk (gamma) pCi/L 4 Water (gamma) pCi/L 4 Water pCi/L 0.3 Cesium-137 Milk pCi/L 5 Water pCi/L 5 { Barium-140 Milk pCi/L 15 Water pCi/L 15 Potassium Milk g/L 0.06 Water g/L 0.06 Potassium-40 Water pCi/L 50 * The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 10,000 m3. Measurement by alpha spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two isotopes cannot be determined. ¦f The MDCs for air are based on an assumed total sample volume of 10,000 m3. } Activity as of the day of counting. Xlll ------- This page intentionally left blank xiv ------- 1. Air Program Airborne Particulates and Precipitation Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air partic- ulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Continuous air samplers collect airborne particulates at field stations representing wide geographic coverage throughout the United States. Filters (10 cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed routinely, and generally field measurements are made with a dual-phosphor scintillation counter at least 5 hours after collection to allow 222Rn progeny to decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found; however, as of the first quarter of 2012, NAREL no longer reports field estimates in Environmental Radiation Data. The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analysis in a gas proportional counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta activity greater than 1 pCi/m3. All stations routinely submit precipitation samples as rainfall, snow, or sleet occurs. The precip- itation samples are composited at NAREL into single monthly samples for each station. Each month that precipitation occurs, an aliquant of the composited sample is analyzed for gamma- emitting radionuclides. NAREL discontinued gross beta analysis of precipitation in January 2010 and discontinued tritium analysis of precipitation in January 2012. 1 ------- Table 2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates October 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) AK: Anchorage 5 0.003 0.001 0.002 AK: Fairbanks 10 0.007 0.002 0.003 AK: Juneau 4 0.001 0.001 0.001 AL: Birmingham 9 0.017 0.006 0.010 AL: Montgomery/408 5 0.017 0.006 0.011 AR: Fort Smith 5 0.013 0.005 0.010 AR: Little Rock 7 0.017 0.005 0.009 AZ: Phoenix/956 7 0.023 0.011 0.017 AZ: Tucson 7 0.017 0.008 0.012 CA: Anaheim 7 0.032 0.004 0.017 CA: Eureka 4 0.006 0.002 0.004 CA: Fresno 2 0.059 0.051 0.055 CA: Los Angeles 6 0.037 0.009 0.019 CA: Richmond 5 0.017 0.003 0.009 CA: Riverside 9 0.054 0.008 0.021 CA: Sacramento 9 0.051 0.003 0.025 CA: San Bernardino Cty. 7 0.026 0.010 0.015 CA: San Diego 5 0.027 0.006 0.016 CA: San Francisco 9 0.016 0.002 0.010 CA: San Jose 3 0.022 0.007 0.016 CO: Colorado Springs 3 0.012 0.007 0.010 CO: Denver 9 0.027 0.008 0.015 CO: Grand Junction 4 0.013 0.008 0.011 CT: Hartford 2 0.006 0.004 0.005 DC: Washington 5 0.014 0.004 0.008 DE: Dover 2 0.007 0.005 0.006 FL: Jacksonville 8 0.015 0.003 0.008 FL: Miami 3 0.005 0.003 0.004 FL: Orlando 6 0.005 0.003 0.004 FL: Tallahassee 4 0.008 0.005 0.006 FL: Tampa 7 0.014 0.004 0.008 GA: Atlanta 2 0.014 0.012 0.013 GA: Augusta 6 0.010 0.004 0.007 HI: Honolulu 9 0.003 0.001 0.002 IA: Des Moines 7 0.010 0.004 0.007 IA: Mason City 4 0.012 0.005 0.007 ID: Boise 2 0.016 0.010 0.013 ID: Idaho Falls 9 0.024 0.007 0.013 2 ------- Table 2 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates October 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) IL: Aurora 8 0.013 0.006 0.010 IL: Champaign 8 0.010 0.005 0.006 IL: Chicago 2 0.011 0.007 0.009 IN: Fort Wayne 3 0.013 0.012 0.013 IN: Indianapolis 9 0.020 0.007 0.011 KS: Kansas City 4 0.009 0.008 0.008 KS: Wichita 6 0.010 0.006 0.008 KY: Lexington 8 0.018 0.008 0.013 KY: Louisville 8 0.016 0.006 0.011 LA: Baton Rouge 8 0.013 0.004 0.008 LA: Shreveport 2 0.009 0.007 0.008 MA: Boston 7 0.009 0.005 0.007 MA: Worcester 9 0.013 0.005 0.009 MD: Baltimore 7 0.016 0.004 0.010 ME: Orono 3 0.010 0.007 0.009 ME: Portland 8 0.008 0.002 0.004 MI: Bay City 48708 9 0.008 0.003 0.006 MI: Detroit 9 0.010 0.004 0.007 MI: Grand Rapids 5 0.011 0.006 0.008 MN: Duluth 5 0.007 0.003 0.004 MN: St. Paul 5 0.010 0.004 0.006 MO: Jefferson City 8 0.010 0.004 0.007 MO: Springfield 9 0.013 0.005 0.009 MO: St. Louis 5 0.011 0.005 0.008 MS: Jackson/Deq 3 0.013 0.006 0.009 MT: Billings 4 0.010 0.005 0.008 NC: Charlotte 8 0.013 0.003 0.008 NC: Greensboro 2 0.014 0.007 0.011 NC: Wilmington 5 0.009 0.003 0.006 ND: Bismarck 6 0.008 0.005 0.007 NE: Kearney 8 0.011 0.006 0.008 NE: Lincoln 8 0.011 0.003 0.006 NE: Omaha 3 0.009 0.006 0.007 NH: Concord 6 0.008 0.003 0.005 NJ: Edison 6 0.014 0.006 0.009 NM: Albuquerque 3 0.020 0.010 0.014 NM: Carlsbad 7 0.012 0.003 0.007 NM: Navajo Lake St Park 5 0.016 0.010 0.013 3 ------- Table 2 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates October 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) NV: Las Vegas/913 9 0.013 0.004 0.008 NV: Reno 8 0.022 0.006 0.014 NY: Albany 8 0.014 0.005 0.009 NY: Lockport 7 0.010 0.004 0.007 NY: New York City 3 0.006 0.006 0.006 NY: Rochester 6 0.010 0.003 0.006 NY: Syracuse 3 0.011 0.005 0.008 NY: Yaphank 7 0.010 0.002 0.005 OH: Cincinnati 10 0.014 0.006 0.009 OH: Cleveland 9 0.018 0.007 0.012 OH: Painesville 9 0.015 0.005 0.009 OH: Toledo 9 0.010 0.004 0.007 OK: Oklahoma City 8 0.012 0.008 0.011 OK: Tulsa 9 0.012 0.005 0.008 OR: Corvallis 5 0.018 0.003 0.010 OR: Portland 10 0.013 0.002 0.006 PA: Bloomsburg 8 0.011 0.003 0.006 PA: Philadelphia 5 0.017 0.006 0.009 PA: Pittsburgh 6 0.016 0.005 0.009 PR: San Juan 6 0.013 0.002 0.007 RI: Providence 4 0.011 0.006 0.008 SC: Columbia 8 0.019 0.005 0.012 SD: Pierre 8 0.014 0.005 0.008 SD: Rapid City 6 0.010 0.005 0.008 TN: Knoxville 3 0.018 0.012 0.014 TN: Memphis 6 0.014 0.006 0.009 TN: Nashville 9 0.014 0.006 0.010 TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel 9 0.023 0.008 0.014 TN: Oak Ridge/K25 8 0.023 0.009 0.014 TN: Oak Ridge/Melton 9 0.020 0.006 0.011 TN: Oak Ridgc/Y 12 E 9 0.028 0.008 0.015 TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W 9 0.026 0.008 0.014 TX: Amarillo 6 0.025 0.010 0.015 TX: Austin 4 0.011 0.006 0.008 TX: Dallas 6 0.011 0.005 0.008 TX: El Paso 8 0.027 0.012 0.018 TX: Ft. Worth 4 0.012 0.005 0.009 TX: Harlingen 1 0.009 0.009 0.009 4 ------- Table 2 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates October 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) TX: Houston 8 0.013 0.005 0.009 TX: Laredo 2 0.005 0.004 0.005 TX: Lubbock 8 0.002 0.001 0.001 TX: San Angelo 3 0.012 0.009 0.010 TX: San Antonio 10 0.009 0.004 0.007 UT: Salt Lake City 9 0.017 0.005 0.011 UT: St. George 3 0.019 0.011 0.017 VA: Harrisonburg 9 0.019 0.005 0.010 VA: Lynchburg 8 0.024 0.002 0.011 VA: Richmond 9 0.014 0.002 0.008 VA: Virginia Beach 6 0.014 0.001 0.006 VT: Burlington 3 0.029 0.002 0.012 WA: Olympia 8 0.009 0.001 0.005 WA: Richland 6 0.016 0.002 0.009 WA: Seattle 3 0.009 0.003 0.006 WA: Spokane 8 0.023 0.002 0.013 WI: Lacrosse 2 0.005 0.005 0.005 WI: Madison 9 0.010 0.004 0.007 WI: Milwaukee 3 0.005 0.003 0.004 WI: Shawano 9 0.010 0.002 0.006 WV: Charleston 6 0.016 0.009 0.012 WY: Casper 2 0.013 0.008 0.010 5 ------- Table 3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates November 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) AK: Anchorage 3 0.005 0.002 0.003 AK: Fairbanks 7 0.011 0.004 0.007 AK: Juneau 4 0.006 0.002 0.003 AL: Birmingham 8 0.011 0.005 0.008 AL: Montgomery/408 7 0.009 0.005 0.007 AR: Fort Smith 3 0.010 0.008 0.009 AR: Little Rock 3 0.010 0.006 0.008 AZ: Phoenix/956 5 0.017 0.006 0.011 AZ: Tucson 8 0.017 0.003 0.010 CA: Anaheim 8 0.018 0.003 0.008 CA: Eureka 1 0.006 0.006 0.006 CA: Fresno 3 0.072 0.028 0.044 CA: Los Angeles 7 0.023 0.006 0.014 CA: Richmond 4 0.014 0.005 0.011 CA: Riverside 8 0.023 0.008 0.014 CA: Sacramento 6 0.053 0.013 0.030 CA: San Bernardino Cty. 6 0.022 0.006 0.013 CA: San Diego 4 0.011 0.004 0.009 CA: San Francisco 7 0.028 0.003 0.010 CA: San Jose 7 0.016 0.005 0.011 CO: Colorado Springs 1 0.014 0.014 0.014 CO: Denver 6 0.023 0.009 0.015 CO: Grand Junction 3 0.023 0.009 0.017 CT: Hartford 8 0.011 0.004 0.005 DC: Washington 9 0.019 0.005 0.008 DE: Dover 3 0.008 0.004 0.006 FL: Jacksonville 5 0.017 0.005 0.008 FL: Miami 3 0.008 0.003 0.005 FL: Orlando 7 0.009 0.003 0.005 FL: Tallahassee 3 0.009 0.004 0.006 FL: Tampa 6 0.008 0.003 0.005 GA: Atlanta 2 0.009 0.008 0.009 GA: Augusta 3 0.005 0.004 0.005 HI: Honolulu 9 0.003 0.001 0.002 IA: Des Moines 7 0.013 0.007 0.010 IA: Mason City 4 0.015 0.010 0.013 ID: Boise 4 0.020 0.004 0.011 ID: Idaho Falls 8 0.024 0.006 0.014 6 ------- Table 3 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates November 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) IL: Aurora 1 0.018 0.018 0.018 IL: Champaign 8 0.015 0.005 0.009 IL: Chicago 6 0.021 0.009 0.012 IN: Fort Wayne 3 0.017 0.009 0.012 IN: Indianapolis 8 0.016 0.006 0.010 KS: Kansas City 1 0.016 0.016 0.016 KS: Wichita 7 0.017 0.006 0.009 KY: Lexington 4 0.021 0.009 0.012 KY: Louisville 4 0.017 0.008 0.011 LA: Baton Rouge 7 0.009 0.004 0.007 LA: Shreveport 7 0.009 0.003 0.006 MA: Boston 9 0.010 0.004 0.006 MA: Worcester 8 0.015 0.004 0.007 MD: Baltimore 7 0.023 0.005 0.009 ME: Orono 3 0.008 0.004 0.007 ME: Portland 7 0.007 0.002 0.004 MI: Bay City 48708 6 0.011 0.005 0.008 MI: Detroit 6 0.015 0.005 0.009 MI: Grand Rapids 3 0.008 0.007 0.007 MN: Duluth 4 0.009 0.006 0.007 MN: St. Paul 4 0.016 0.009 0.011 MO: Jefferson City 3 0.009 0.006 0.008 MO: Springfield 6 0.014 0.005 0.009 MO: St. Louis 2 0.010 0.007 0.009 MS: Jackson/Deq 3 0.016 0.005 0.010 MT: Billings 4 0.014 0.006 0.009 NC: Charlotte 7 0.016 0.005 0.008 NC: Greensboro 1 0.009 0.009 0.009 NC: Wilmington 4 0.005 0.003 0.004 ND: Bismarck 5 0.013 0.006 0.011 NE: Kearney 1 0.011 0.011 0.011 NE: Lincoln 7 0.009 0.005 0.007 NE: Omaha 4 0.014 0.010 0.011 NH: Concord 5 0.007 0.004 0.005 NJ: Edison 9 0.019 0.004 0.007 NM: Albuquerque 4 0.025 0.014 0.018 NM: Carlsbad 5 0.034 0.008 0.016 NM: Navajo Lake St Park 4 0.018 0.012 0.014 7 ------- Table 3 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates November 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) NV: Las Vegas/913 8 0.016 0.004 0.010 NV: Reno 8 0.025 0.006 0.017 NY: Albany 7 0.019 0.005 0.008 NY: Lockport 9 0.009 0.004 0.005 NY: New York City 2 0.006 0.004 0.005 NY: Rochester 5 0.009 0.003 0.005 NY: Syracuse 3 0.009 0.006 0.007 NY: Yaphank 4 0.004 0.003 0.004 OH: Cincinnati 8 0.015 0.004 0.008 OH: Cleveland 8 0.015 0.005 0.009 OH: Painesville 7 0.015 0.007 0.009 OH: Toledo 7 0.013 0.005 0.007 OK: Oklahoma City 7 0.018 0.007 0.013 OK: Tulsa 8 0.015 0.006 0.010 OR: Corvallis 7 0.019 0.002 0.007 OR: Portland 8 0.041 0.003 0.010 PA: Bloomsburg 7 0.009 0.003 0.005 PA: Philadelphia 3 0.011 0.004 0.007 PA: Pittsburgh 3 0.008 0.006 0.007 PR: San Juan 8 0.007 0.002 0.003 RI: Providence 3 0.010 0.005 0.007 SC: Columbia 7 0.021 0.006 0.011 SD: Pierre 7 0.015 0.007 0.011 SD: Rapid City 7 0.017 0.006 0.010 TN: Knoxville 4 0.017 0.009 0.012 TN: Memphis 8 0.012 0.004 0.008 TN: Nashville 5 0.012 0.006 0.008 TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel 6 0.015 0.008 0.011 TN: Oak Ridge/K25 6 0.034 0.008 0.017 TN: Oak Ridge/Melton 6 0.012 0.006 0.009 TN: Oak Ridgc/Y 12 E 6 0.018 0.008 0.012 TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W 6 0.015 0.009 0.011 TX: Amarillo 8 0.022 0.015 0.017 TX: Austin 3 0.008 0.007 0.008 TX: Dallas 6 0.009 0.006 0.008 TX: El Paso 4 0.025 0.014 0.020 TX: Ft. Worth 4 0.011 0.007 0.008 TX: Harlingen 2 0.006 0.006 0.006 8 ------- Table 3 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates November 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) TX: Houston 9 0.010 0.006 0.008 TX: Lubbock 6 0.003 0.001 0.002 TX: San Angelo 4 0.011 0.007 0.009 TX: San Antonio 7 0.009 0.006 0.007 UT: Salt Lake City 6 0.012 0.004 0.009 UT: St. George 3 0.018 0.010 0.015 VA: Harrisonburg 6 0.009 0.005 0.007 VA: Lynchburg 7 0.014 0.006 0.009 VA: Richmond 7 0.017 0.004 0.008 VA: Virginia Beach 7 0.015 0.004 0.007 VT: Burlington 6 0.008 0.003 0.005 WA: Olympia 5 0.007 0.002 0.004 WA: Richland 6 0.018 0.003 0.009 WA: Seattle 5 0.011 0.002 0.005 WA: Spokane 7 0.032 0.003 0.010 WI: Lacrosse 1 0.008 0.008 0.008 WI: Madison 9 0.018 0.007 0.011 WI: Milwaukee 4 0.009 0.003 0.005 WI: Shawano 8 0.013 0.005 0.008 WV: Charleston 5 0.015 0.003 0.008 WY: Casper 6 0.020 0.006 0.012 9 ------- Table 4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates December 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) AK: Anchorage 5 0.007 0.004 0.006 AK: Fairbanks 9 0.018 0.006 0.012 AK: Juneau 7 0.009 0.002 0.005 AL: Birmingham 9 0.012 0.006 0.010 AL: Montgomery/408 8 0.013 0.005 0.010 AR: Little Rock 1 0.010 0.010 0.010 AZ: Phoenix/956 4 0.020 0.011 0.014 AZ: Tucson 4 0.020 0.007 0.012 CA: Anaheim 7 0.010 0.004 0.007 CA: Eureka 2 0.009 0.003 0.006 CA: Los Angeles 4 0.017 0.010 0.012 CA: Richmond 4 0.030 0.012 0.022 CA: Riverside 9 0.017 0.006 0.011 CA: Sacramento 5 0.046 0.018 0.028 CA: San Bernardino Cty. 9 0.015 0.005 0.010 CA: San Diego 5 0.011 0.005 0.008 CA: San Francisco 9 0.027 0.005 0.017 CA: San Jose 6 0.031 0.007 0.019 CO: Denver 7 0.039 0.007 0.015 CO: Grand Junction 5 0.057 0.023 0.035 CT: Hartford 8 0.013 0.007 0.009 DC: Washington 8 0.022 0.007 0.013 DE: Dover 3 0.012 0.006 0.009 FL: Jacksonville 6 0.010 0.005 0.008 FL: Miami 2 0.003 0.002 0.003 FL: Orlando 6 0.006 0.004 0.005 FL: Tallahassee 4 0.007 0.004 0.006 FL: Tampa 6 0.008 0.004 0.006 GA: Atlanta 4 0.012 0.006 0.008 GA: Augusta 5 0.006 0.004 0.005 HI: Honolulu 9 0.002 0.001 0.001 IA: Des Moines 9 0.033 0.010 0.018 IA: Mason City 5 0.042 0.013 0.022 ID: Boise 6 0.057 0.012 0.029 ID: Idaho Falls 9 0.043 0.011 0.027 IL: Aurora 1 0.016 0.016 0.016 IL: Champaign 7 0.021 0.011 0.016 IL: Chicago 8 0.025 0.010 0.016 10 ------- Table 4 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates December 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) IN: Fort Wayne 5 0.021 0.014 0.016 IN: Indianapolis 9 0.027 0.010 0.018 KS: Kansas City 9 0.029 0.011 0.020 KS: Wichita 8 0.024 0.010 0.019 KY: Lexington 7 0.023 0.012 0.016 KY: Louisville 4 0.017 0.013 0.015 LA: Baton Rouge 9 0.017 0.005 0.012 LA: Shreveport 5 0.015 0.010 0.013 MA: Boston 9 0.016 0.006 0.009 MA: Worcester 8 0.017 0.006 0.011 MD: Baltimore 8 0.024 0.005 0.012 ME: Orono 4 0.011 0.004 0.008 ME: Portland 7 0.009 0.003 0.007 MI: Bay City 48708 7 0.018 0.010 0.014 MI: Detroit 7 0.021 0.011 0.015 MI: Grand Rapids 4 0.020 0.014 0.016 MN: Duluth 8 0.017 0.005 0.013 MN: St. Paul 5 0.021 0.010 0.015 MO: Jefferson City 9 0.020 0.009 0.015 MO: Springfield 7 0.018 0.010 0.016 MO: St. Louis 3 0.018 0.013 0.016 MS: Jackson/Deq 5 0.013 0.009 0.011 MT: Billings 4 0.019 0.006 0.014 NC: Charlotte 8 0.011 0.003 0.008 NC: Greensboro 1 0.010 0.010 0.010 NC: Wilmington 4 0.007 0.003 0.005 ND: Bismarck 6 0.020 0.011 0.014 NE: Lincoln 8 0.017 0.008 0.013 NE: Omaha 5 0.019 0.013 0.016 NH: Concord 6 0.014 0.005 0.008 NJ: Edison 7 0.023 0.006 0.012 NM: Albuquerque 3 0.023 0.016 0.019 NM: Carlsbad 6 0.100 0.007 0.027 NM: Navajo Lake St Park 5 0.023 0.012 0.019 NV: Las Vegas/913 7 0.016 0.007 0.010 NV: Reno 8 0.069 0.007 0.038 NY: Albany 6 0.028 0.011 0.015 NY: Lockport 7 0.011 0.003 0.009 11 ------- Table 4 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates December 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) NY: New York City 3 0.010 0.005 0.008 NY: Rochester 8 0.015 0.005 0.008 NY: Yaphank 5 0.012 0.004 0.008 OH: Cincinnati 8 0.017 0.007 0.012 OH: Cleveland 9 0.023 0.007 0.017 OH: Columbus 1 0.013 0.013 0.013 OH: Painesville 6 0.017 0.011 0.015 OH: Toledo 10 0.022 0.005 0.012 OK: Oklahoma City 7 0.038 0.015 0.025 OK: Tulsa 9 0.028 0.013 0.019 OR: Corvallis 9 0.017 0.002 0.008 OR: Portland 8 0.033 0.003 0.012 PA: Bloomsburg 6 0.017 0.006 0.010 PA: Philadelphia 5 0.015 0.007 0.010 PA: Pittsburgh 5 0.016 0.010 0.012 PR: San Juan 8 0.003 0.001 0.002 RI: Providence 2 0.011 0.009 0.010 SC: Columbia 4 0.012 0.007 0.010 SD: Pierre 9 0.031 0.009 0.017 SD: Rapid City 7 0.015 0.007 0.012 TN: Knoxville 4 0.017 0.008 0.013 TN: Memphis 7 0.019 0.012 0.014 TN: Nashville 7 0.014 0.007 0.011 TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel 8 0.023 0.005 0.015 TN: Oak Ridge/K25 7 0.078 0.006 0.023 TN: Oak Ridge/Melton 7 0.016 0.004 0.011 TN: Oak Ridgc/Y 12 E 8 0.026 0.004 0.015 TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W 8 0.023 0.005 0.015 TX: Amarillo 5 0.028 0.012 0.021 TX: Austin 5 0.027 0.007 0.015 TX: Dallas 6 0.037 0.013 0.021 TX: El Paso 3 0.029 0.012 0.022 TX: Ft. Worth 4 0.032 0.007 0.017 TX: Harlingen 2 0.030 0.015 0.023 TX: Houston 8 0.026 0.008 0.015 TX: Lubbock 4 0.004 0.002 0.003 TX: San Angelo 3 0.023 0.009 0.016 TX: San Antonio 9 0.028 0.008 0.018 12 ------- Table 4 (continued) Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates December 2013 NAREL Lab Number Measurement of Max IMin Avj? Location Samples (pCi/m3) UT: Salt Lake City 8 0.028 0.006 0.018 UT: St. George 5 0.032 0.016 0.025 VA: Harrisonburg 8 0.016 0.006 0.009 VA: Lynchburg 7 0.024 0.005 0.012 VA: Richmond 4 0.015 0.006 0.010 VA: Virginia Beach 8 0.016 0.006 0.009 VT: Burlington 9 0.015 0.005 0.010 WA: Olympia 9 0.015 0.001 0.006 WA: Richland 8 0.072 0.010 0.024 WA: Seattle 2 0.012 0.011 0.011 WA: Spokane 9 0.055 0.009 0.023 WI: Lacrosse 4 0.016 0.011 0.014 WI: Madison 7 0.027 0.012 0.017 WI: Shawano 9 0.018 0.008 0.013 WV: Charleston 5 0.014 0.008 0.011 WY: Casper 6 0.029 0.005 0.015 13 ------- Table 5 Specific Gamma in Precipitation October 2013 Location Nuclide pCi/L ± 2 u AL: Montgomery/408 ND AR: Little Rock ND CO: Denver ND CT: Hartford Be-7 35 26 FL: Jacksonville Be-7 29 22 GA: Atlanta Ra-228 3.6 3.5 HI: Honolulu ND ID: Idaho Falls ND KS: Kansas City ND MA: Boston Be-7 42 23 MI: Lansing ND MN: St. Paul ND MN: Welch/510 ND NC: Charlotte ND NC: Wilmington ND NY: Albany ND OH: Painesville ND PA: Harrisburg ND TN: Knoxville ND TN: Nashville ND TN: Oak Ridge/K25 Be-7 28 16 TN: Oak Ridge/Melton ND TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E ND TX: Austin ND UT: Salt Lake City Be-7 34 28 VA: Lynchburg K-40 47 28 WA: Olympia Be-7 29 27 14 ------- Table 6 Specific Gamma in Precipitation November 2013 Location Nuclide pCi/L ± 2 u AL: Montgomery/408 ND AR: Little Rock ND AZ: Phoenix ND CA: Richmond ND CT: Hartford Be-7 55 22 FL: Jacksonville ND GA: Atlanta ND HI: Honolulu ND ID: Idaho Falls ND KS: Kansas City ND MA: Boston Be-7 87 26 MI: Lansing ND MN: St. Paul Be-7 16 12 MN: Welch/510 ND NC: Charlotte ND NC: Wilmington ND NH: Concord ND NY: Albany ND NY: Yaphank ND OR: Portland ND PA: Harrisburg ND TN: Nashville ND TN: Oak Ridge/K25 Be-7 46 23 TN: Oak Ridge/Melton Be-7 54 24 TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E Be-7 25 21 UT: Salt Lake City Be-7 62 24 VA: Lynchburg Pb-212 2.3 2.3 WA: Olympia Be-7 22 21 15 ------- Table 7 Specific Gamma in Precipitation December 2013 Location Nuclide pCi/L ± 2 u AL: Montgomery/408 ND AR: Little Rock Be-7 24 18 AZ: Phoenix ND CA: Richmond K-40 12 10 CT: Hartford Be-7 19 16 FL: Jacksonville ND GA: Atlanta Be-7 30 18 HI: Honolulu Be-7 20 15 ID: Idaho Falls Be-7 22 18 MA: Boston Be-7 109 27 MI: Lansing Be-7 23 15 MN: St. Paul ND NC: Charlotte ND NC: Wilmington ND NH: Concord ND NY: Albany ND OR: Portland Be-7 43 19 PA: Harrisburg ND TN: Knoxville ND TN: Nashville Be-7 34 18 TN: Oak Ridge/K25 Be-7 46 20 TN: Oak Ridge/Melton Be-7 50 19 TN: Oak Ridgc/Y 12 E Be-7 49 21 UT: Salt Lake City ND VA: Lynchburg ND WA: Olympia Be-7 31 18 16 ------- Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis of annually composited samples (air filters) collected from the airborne particulate samplers. Plutonium and uranium results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of the following year. Concentrations of plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238 are determined by alpha-particle spectrometry following chemical separation. The total volume of air represented by all the samples received from one sampling location during a year typically ranges from 120,000 m3 to 500,000 m3. The aliquot analyzed is a fraction of the total volume and is typically between 5,000 m3 and 30,000 m3. 17 ------- This page intentionally left blank 18 ------- 2. Drinking Water Program The RadNet drinking water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation's drinking water supplies. Sampling sites are either major population centers or selected nuclear facility environs. Drinking water data are used to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations. The analysis scheme for RadNet samples is similar to that of EPA's "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L on annual composites; (d) iodine-131 on one quarterly sample per year for each station; (e) plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/L on annual composites; and (f) strontium-90 on one-fourth of the annual composites on a four year rotating schedule. Composite results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of the following year. RadNet drinking water data should not be used to monitor compliance with drinking water regu- lations or for comparisons to those data since different procedures for collection and analysis may be used. 19 ------- Table 8 Tritium in Drinking Water October-December 2013 Date 3H Location Collected pCi/L ± 2u AK: Fairbanks 10/16/13 -18 81 AL: Dothan 10/08/13 -94 90 AL: Montgomery 10/16/13 -51 80 AL: Muscle Shoals 10/02/13 129 98 AL: Scottsboro 10/01/13 96 97 AR: Little Rock 10/03/13 -114 87 CT: Hartford 10/01/13 -32 92 DE: Dover 11/19/13 -14 85 GA: Baxley 10/09/13 -68 79 GA: Savannah 12/11/13 32 87 HI: Honolulu 11/12/13 16 87 IA: Cedar Rapids 11/01/13 34 88 ID: Boise 10/01/13 -40 91 ID: Idaho Falls 10/10/13 o 00 "3- 1 IL: W. Chicago 10/22/13 -53 80 KS: Topeka 10/17/13 -17 81 LA: New Orleans 10/22/13 80 85 MD: Baltimore 10/16/13 -18 81 MD: Conowingo 10/03/13 -113 88 MI: Detroit 11/14/13 127 92 MN: St. Paul 10/02/13 -4 93 MN: Welch 10/02/13 -6 94 MO: Jefferson City 12/10/13 4 88 MS: Jackson 11/12/13 4 86 MS: Port Gibson 11/12/13 45 88 MT: Helena 10/23/13 -82 78 ND: Bismarck 11/05/13 79 90 NE: Lincoln 10/07/13 -20 92 NH: Concord 11/12/13 30 88 NJ: Trenton 10/29/13 13 82 NJ: Waretown 10/29/13 o 00 00 -t 1 NY: Albany 10/30/13 -27 81 NY: New York City 12/18/13 38 89 NY: Niagara Falls 10/22/13 36 83 NY: Syracuse 12/03/13 95 90 OH: Cincinnati 10/22/13 o 00 00 "-f 1 OH: Columbus 10/17/13 00 r- m 1 OH: E. Liverpool 10/30/13 400 100 OH: Painesville 11/25/13 68 90 OH: Toledo 12/10/13 118 91 20 ------- Table 8 (continued) Tritium in Drinking Water October-December 2013 Date 3H Location Collected pCi/L ± 2u OR: Portland 12/27/13 83 91 PA: Columbia 10/03/13 2130 180 PA: Harrisburg 10/03/13 -74 89 PA: Pittsburgh 10/29/13 93 90 RI: Providence 10/04/13 -24 81 SC: Barnwell 11/27/13 16 86 SC: Columbia 10/31/13 62 90 SC: Jenkinsville 10/09/13 -4 83 SC: Seneca 11/12/13 50 89 TN: Knoxville 10/03/13 -57 91 TN: Oak Ridge/#360 10/01/13 -49 91 TN: OakRidge/#371 10/01/13 -34 91 TN: Oak Ridge/#4442 10/01/13 0 93 TN: Oak Ridge/#768 10/01/13 -36 91 TN: Oak Ridge/#772 10/01/13 -67 91 TX: Austin 10/15/13 -78 79 VA: Ashland 12/12/13 22 86 VA: Lynchburg 12/19/13 30 87 WA: Richland 11/13/13 33 87 WI: Madison 10/10/13 -16 81 21 ------- Table 9 Iodine-131 in Drinking Water January-December 2013 Date 131 j Location Collected pCi/L ± 2 u AL: Dothan 04/04/13 -0.04 0.14 AL: Montgomery 04/18/13 0.01 0.11 AL: Muscle Shoals 04/04/13 0.04 0.15 AL: Scottsboro 04/03/13 -0.08 0.17 AR: Little Rock 04/15/13 0.07 0.15 CO: Denver 01/18/13 0.08 0.17 CT: Hartford 04/10/13 -0.02 0.14 DE: Dover 04/22/13 0.21 0.16 FL: Tampa 07/11/13 0.02 0.16 GA: Baxley 04/17/13 0.03 0.15 GA: Savannah 03/29/13 0.00 0.16 HI: Honolulu 08/12/13 0.00 0.32 IA: Cedar Rapids 05/07/13 -0.03 0.16 IL: Morris 04/05/13 -0.06 0.13 IL: W. Chicago 05/06/13 0.20 0.32 KS: Topeka 01/23/13 0.06 0.18 LA: New Orleans 01/11/13 0.06 0.18 MD: Baltimore 04/08/13 0.06 0.15 MI: Detroit 04/11/13 0.00 0.17 MN: St. Paul 04/03/13 -0.05 0.17 MO: Jefferson City 04/08/13 -0.14 0.33 MS: Jackson 01/29/13 0.06 0.14 MS: Port Gibson 01/29/13 0.09 0.16 MT: Helena 01/27/13 0.10 0.19 ND: Bismarck 04/12/13 0.04 0.15 NE: Lincoln 04/08/13 -0.06 0.15 NH: Concord 11/12/13 0.15 0.17 NJ: Trenton 10/29/13 0.26 0.28 NJ: Waretown 10/29/13 0.06 0.26 NY: Albany 10/30/13 -0.07 0.26 NY: New York City 12/18/13 -0.03 0.45 NY: Niagara Falls 10/22/13 0.21 0.28 NY: Syracuse 01/24/13 0.35 0.18 OH: Cincinnati 01/18/13 -0.01 0.21 OH: Columbus 04/16/13 -0.01 0.14 OH: E. Liverpool 03/13/13 0.56 0.20 OH: Painesville 03/11/13 0.15 0.32 OH: Toledo 01/03/13 0.22 0.30 PA: Columbia 07/03/13 0.20 0.16 PA: Harrisburg 07/03/13 0.04 0.16 PA: Pittsburgh 03/13/13 0.12 0.13 22 ------- Table 9 (continued) Iodine-131 in Drinking Water January-December 2013 Date 131 j Location Collected pCi/L ± 2 u SC: Barnwell 01/30/13 -0.03 0.16 SC: Columbia 01/24/13 -0.04 0.35 SC: Jenkinsville 10/09/13 0.4 1.6 SC: Seneca 11/12/13 0.04 0.16 TN: Chattanooga 04/08/13 0.01 0.16 TX: Austin 04/03/13 0.13 0.19 VA: Ashland 12/12/13 0.3 1.6 VA: Lynchburg 03/21/13 0.15 0.13 WA: Richland 05/14/13 0.06 0.19 WI: Madison 07/03/13 0.22 0.34 23 ------- This page intentionally left blank 24 ------- 3. Milk Program Pasteurized Milk Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of certain radionuclides since it is consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically significant radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radio- nuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends. Milk samples are collected quarterly at each of the sampling sites. The samples are analyzed for gamma-emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium-40. Total potassium concentrations in g/L are determined from potassium-40 activities assuming natural isotopic abundances. During the third quarter collection, one-fourth of the samples are also analyzed for strontium-90 on a four year rotating schedule. 25 ------- Table 10 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk October-December 2013 Date K 137Cs 140Ba 131j Location Collected g/L ± 2 u pCi/L ± 2u pCi/L ± 2u pCi/L ± 2m AR: Fayetteville 11/18/13 1.68 0.19 ND ND ND AZ: Phoenix 11/14/13 1.63 0.19 ND ND ND CA: Oakland 10/15/13 1.65 0.20 ND ND ND CT: Hartford 11/12/13 1.65 0.19 ND ND ND DE: Wilmington 11/04/13 1.59 0.19 ND ND ND FL: Plant City 10/15/13 1.54 0.18 ND ND ND HI: Hilo 10/08/13 1.61 0.18 ND ND ND IA: Des Moines 12/02/13 1.68 0.19 ND ND ND KS: Wichita 10/23/13 1.59 0.18 ND ND ND KY: Louisville 10/21/13 1.69 0.19 ND ND ND MA: Boston 12/11/13 1.64 0.20 ND ND NR MD: Baltimore 10/18/13 1.73 0.20 ND ND ND MI: Detroit 11/18/13 1.70 0.20 ND ND ND NJ: Trenton 10/22/13 1.67 0.20 ND ND ND NM: Albuquerque 10/07/13 1.65 0.19 ND ND ND NV: Las Vegas 11/18/13 1.66 0.20 ND ND ND NV: Reno 12/12/13 1.64 0.20 ND ND NR NY: Buffalo 12/11/13 1.66 0.19 ND ND NR NY: Syracuse 10/03/13 1.62 0.20 ND ND ND OH: Cincinnati 12/09/13 1.72 0.20 ND ND ND OH: Cleveland 11/01/13 1.65 0.19 ND ND ND OR: Portland 12/23/13 1.75 0.21 ND ND ND PA: Pittsburgh 10/22/13 1.73 0.20 ND ND ND SC: Charleston 10/15/13 1.58 0.19 ND ND ND TN: Chattanooga 12/02/13 1.58 0.19 ND ND ND TN: Knoxville 11/12/13 1.51 0.19 ND ND ND TN: Memphis 10/02/13 1.60 0.19 ND ND ND TX: Austin 10/07/13 1.71 0.20 ND ND ND VT: Montpelier 12/26/13 1.65 0.19 ND ND ND WA: Spokane 11/15/13 1.53 0.18 ND ND ND WA: Tacoma 12/30/13 1.74 0.20 ND ND ND Note: ND = Not detected NR = No result (not analyzed within 5 half-lives of collection) 26 ------- For More Information Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air. Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet and the data that are generated should be directed as follows: Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet, the data that are generated, or publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to: Charles M. Petko Office of the Director National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory 540 South Morris Avenue Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601 email: petko.charles@epa.gov Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be directed to: Jonathan Edwards USEPA - ORIA Radiation Protection Division (MC6608J) 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W. Washington, DC 20460 email: edwards.jonathan@epa.gov *** 27 ------- This page intentionally left blank 28 ------- |