Environmental
Radiation
Data
REPORT 154
April-June 2013
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air

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Contents
Page
List of Tables	v
Preface	vii
Acknowledgments	ix
Data Reporting Conventions	xi
1.	Air Program	1
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation	1
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates	17
2.	Water Program	19
3.	Milk Program	23
Pasteurized Milk	23
in

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iv

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List of Tables
Table	Page
1	Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations	xiii
2	Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: April 2013	2
3	Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: May 2013	6
4	Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: June 2013	10
5	Specific Gamma in Precipitation: April 2013	14
6	Specific Gamma in Precipitation: May 2013	15
7	Specific Gamma in Precipitation: June 2013	16
8	Tritium in Drinking Water: April-June 2013	20
9	Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: April-June 2013	24
v

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vi

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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data from the RadNet monitoring system
(formerly ERAMS), which is operated by the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air's National
Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama. ERD is
published in both hard-copy and electronic formats. Electronic reports are available online at
http://www.epa.gov/narel. RadNet data are also available online in a searchable database at:
http://www.epa.gov/enviro/facts/radnet
The United States Environmental Protection Agency established RadNet in 1973 with an
emphasis on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environ-
ment. RadNet is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air
particulate, precipitation, drinking water, and milk samples.
Sampling locations are selected to provide population and geographic coverage for the United
States. The radiation analyses performed on RadNet samples may include gross alpha and gross
beta analysis, gamma analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for isotopes of uranium,
plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides informa-
tion on natural background levels and possible accidental releases into the environment.
vii

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viii

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Acknowledgments
All sampling for the RadNet monitoring system (formerly ERAMS) is performed by volunteer
collectors who are frequently members of health departments or related environmental agencies
of their respective states. The National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory
(NAREL), on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, would like to acknowledge
the time and effort of these volunteer collectors, who are so essential to the successful operation
of RadNet. The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times of
emergency operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes
demanding.
IX

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x

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Data Reporting Conventions
Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a
sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured
value that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measure-
ment process cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or back-
ground, which is subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were
reported as "not detected" or "ND," and gamma analysis results that were less than their
estimated measurement uncertainties were also reported as "ND." In January 1996, both of these
practices were discontinued. Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion
of negative results in the report allows better statistical analysis of the data.
Results of gamma analyses are still reported as "ND" when gamma-emitting radionuclides are
not detected.
Measurement Uncertainty
Each measured valuey is reported with an expanded uncertainty U=k uc(y), which is determined
from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k = 2. The interval from
y- Utoy+ Uis estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95 %.
Significant Figures
Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded
to the corresponding number of decimal places.
Detection Capability
The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1.
The MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95 % probability of detection
when the detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5 % probability of false detection in a
sample that is analyte-free.
XI

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Xll

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Table 1
Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Media
Reporting Unit
Minimum
Detectable
Concentration
Gross Alpha
Water
pCi/L
2
Gross Beta
Air
pCi/m3
0.0015
Water
pCi/L
2
Precipitation
pCi/L
2
Tritium
Water
pCi/L
150
* Plutonium-23 8,23 9/240
Air
aCi/m3
0.75
Water
pCi/L
0.1
f Uranium-234,235,238
Air
aCi/m3
0.75
Water
pCi/L
0.1
Radium-226
Water
pCi/L
0.02
Strontium-90
Milk
pCi/L
2
Water
pCi/L
1
t Iodine-131
Milk (gamma)
pCi/L
4
Water (gamma)
pCi/L
4
Water
pCi/L
0.3
Cesium-137
Milk
pCi/L
5
Water
pCi/L
5
{ Barium-140
Milk
pCi/L
15
Water
pCi/L
15
Potassium
Milk
g/L
0.06
Water
g/L
0.06
Potassium-40
Water
pCi/L
50
* The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3. Measurement by alpha
spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two
isotopes cannot be determined.
¦f The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 120,000 m3.
} Activity as of the day of counting.
Xlll

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1. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air partic-
ulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national)
impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Continuous air samplers
collect airborne particulates at field stations representing wide geographic coverage throughout
the United States.
Filters (10 cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed routinely, and generally
field measurements are made with a dual-phosphor scintillation counter at least 5 hours after
collection to allow 222Rn progeny to decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA
officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found; however, as of the first
quarter of 2012, NAREL no longer reports field estimates in Environmental Radiation Data.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analysis in a gas proportional counter. Gamma
scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta activity greater than 1 pCi/m3.
All stations routinely submit precipitation samples as rainfall, snow, or sleet occurs. The precip-
itation samples are composited at NAREL into single monthly samples for each station. Each
month that precipitation occurs, an aliquant of the composited sample is analyzed for gamma-
emitting radionuclides. NAREL discontinued gross beta analysis of precipitation in January 2010
and discontinued tritium analysis of precipitation in January 2012.
1

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Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
April 2013



NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

AK: Anchorage
6
0.009
0.004
0.006
AK: Fairbanks
9
0.015
0.005
0.010
AK: Juneau
3
0.003
0.002
0.003
AL: Birmingham
9
0.011
0.006
0.007
AL: Montgomery/408
6
0.007
0.004
0.006
AR: Fort Smith
4
0.010
0.008
0.009
AR: Little Rock
8
0.010
0.006
0.008
AZ: Phoenix/956
7
0.011
0.006
0.008
AZ: Tucson
7
0.014
0.009
0.011
CA: Anaheim
9
0.011
0.003
0.005
CA: Bakersfield
6
0.010
0.004
0.006
CA: Eureka
1
0.001
0.001
0.001
CA: Fresno
4
0.011
0.004
0.007
CA: Richmond
4
0.005
0.002
0.003
CA: Riverside
9
0.017
0.005
0.009
CA: Sacramento
6
0.004
0.002
0.003
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
9
0.016
0.005
0.009
CA: San Diego
5
0.009
0.004
0.006
CA: San Francisco
7
0.005
0.001
0.003
CA: San Jose
9
0.010
0.002
0.005
CO: Colorado Springs
4
0.019
0.007
0.012
CO: Denver
7
0.016
0.004
0.009
CO: Grand Junction
4
0.016
0.006
0.012
CT: Hartford
9
0.008
0.003
0.006
DC: Washington
9
0.010
0.006
0.008
DE: Dover
5
0.008
0.004
0.005
FL: Jacksonville
8
0.008
0.004
0.005
FL: Miami
3
0.006
0.002
0.004
FL: Orlando
3
0.008
0.004
0.006
FL: Tallahassee
2
0.008
0.005
0.007
FL: Tampa
7
0.012
0.005
0.006
GA: Atlanta
4
0.009
0.006
0.007
GA: Augusta
7
0.010
0.006
0.009
HI: Hilo
4
0.006
0.001
0.004
HI: Honolulu
8
0.005
0.002
0.004
IA: Des Moines
9
0.018
0.004
0.011
IA: Mason City
4
0.013
0.003
0.008
ID: Boise
6
0.011
0.004
0.007
2

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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
April 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

ID: Idaho Falls
8
0.013
0.006
0.009
IL: Aurora
9
0.019
0.004
0.010
IL: Champaign
8
0.009
0.004
0.007
IL: Chicago
5
0.013
0.006
0.009
IN: Fort Wayne
4
0.014
0.006
0.009
IN: Indianapolis
8
0.013
0.007
0.009
KS: Kansas City
8
0.016
0.005
0.011
KS: Topeka
2
0.013
0.012
0.012
KS: Wichita
9
0.014
0.006
0.009
KY: Lexington
7
0.017
0.007
0.010
KY: Louisville
7
0.014
0.006
0.009
LA: Baton Rouge
9
0.011
0.005
0.007
LA: Shreveport
9
0.007
0.004
0.006
MA: Boston
9
0.009
0.002
0.005
MA: Worcester
9
0.012
0.004
0.008
MD: Baltimore
8
0.012
0.007
0.009
ME: Portland
9
0.016
0.005
0.010
MI: Bay City 48708
6
0.009
0.005
0.008
MI: Detroit
8
0.010
0.004
0.007
MI: Grand Rapids
4
0.008
0.004
0.006
MN: Duluth
4
0.010
0.004
0.007
MN: St. Paul
5
0.009
0.004
0.007
MO: Jefferson City
9
0.012
0.006
0.008
MO: Springfield
8
0.011
0.007
0.010
MO: St. Louis
2
0.009
0.007
0.008
MT: Billings
4
0.009
0.005
0.007
NC: Charlotte
9
0.009
0.006
0.007
NC: Wilmington
3
0.006
0.005
0.006
ND: Bismarck
5
0.013
0.006
0.010
NE: Lincoln
8
0.011
0.003
0.008
NE: Omaha
5
0.012
0.006
0.009
NJ: Edison
6
0.006
0.004
0.005
NM: Carlsbad
8
0.013
0.010
0.011
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
4
0.012
0.008
0.011
NV: Las Vegas/913
8
0.011
0.005
0.008
NV: Reno
9
0.014
0.004
0.008
NY: Albany
7
0.013
0.003
0.007
NY: Lockport
9
0.010
0.003
0.006
3

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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
April 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

NY: New York City
4
0.007
0.004
0.005
NY: Rochester
8
0.008
0.003
0.006
NY: Syracuse
3
0.009
0.004
0.007
NY: Yaphank
7
0.006
0.003
0.005
OH: Cincinnati
7
0.014
0.006
0.009
OH: Cleveland
8
0.012
0.005
0.008
OH: Painesville
7
0.010
0.006
0.009
OH: Toledo
9
0.009
0.004
0.006
OK: Oklahoma City
8
0.011
0.008
0.010
OK: Tulsa
9
0.012
0.007
0.009
OR: Corvallis
9
0.006
0.002
0.003
OR: Portland
9
0.005
0.002
0.003
PA: Bloomsburg
8
0.009
0.005
0.006
PA: Philadelphia
4
0.009
0.005
0.008
PA: Pittsburgh
5
0.011
0.005
0.008
PR: San Juan
9
0.004
0.002
0.003
RI: Providence
4
0.005
0.003
0.005
SC: Barnwell
2
0.013
0.010
0.011
SC: Columbia
7
0.012
0.007
0.009
SD: Pierre
7
0.018
0.007
0.012
SD: Rapid City
7
0.012
0.005
0.009
TN: Knoxville
7
0.011
0.009
0.011
TN: Memphis
6
0.009
0.006
0.007
TN: Nashville
4
0.009
0.006
0.007
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
9
0.010
0.006
0.009
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
9
0.012
0.008
0.010
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
9
0.011
0.008
0.009
TN: Oak Ridgc/Y12 E
8
0.011
0.007
0.009
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W
8
0.013
0.008
0.009
TX: Austin
5
0.013
0.005
0.009
TX: Dallas
8
0.013
0.007
0.010
TX: El Paso
4
0.020
0.012
0.016
TX: Ft. Worth
3
0.013
0.008
0.010
TX: Harlingen
2
0.018
0.009
0.014
TX: Houston
9
0.011
0.005
0.008
TX: Lubbock
8
0.002
0.001
0.002
TX: San Angelo
4
0.011
0.010
0.010
TX: San Antonio
9
0.013
0.003
0.009
4

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Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
April 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

UT: Salt Lake City
9
0.011
0.004
0.008
UT: St. George
3
0.013
0.010
0.012
VA: Harrisonburg
3
0.012
0.008
0.010
VA: Lynchburg
9
0.012
0.006
0.009
VA: Richmond
5
0.009
0.006
0.007
VA: Virginia Beach
8
0.007
0.004
0.006
VT: Burlington
7
0.009
0.004
0.007
WA: Olympia
9
0.004
0.001
0.003
WA: Richland
2
0.006
0.006
0.006
WA: Seattle
3
0.002
0.001
0.002
WA: Spokane
8
0.006
0.001
0.004
WI: Madison
6
0.012
0.002
0.007
WI: Milwaukee
7
0.007
0.002
0.004
WI: Shawano
9
0.014
0.003
0.008
WV: Charleston
6
0.012
0.006
0.009
5

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Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
May 2013



NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

AK: Anchorage
6
0.007
0.002
0.003
AK: Fairbanks
9
0.008
0.003
0.005
AK: Juneau
6
0.004
0.001
0.002
AL: Birmingham
9
0.015
0.004
0.009
AL: Montgomery/408
8
0.013
0.004
0.008
AR: Little Rock
2
0.004
0.003
0.004
AZ: Phoenix/956
9
0.016
0.007
0.011
AZ: Tucson
9
0.017
0.007
0.011
AZ: Yuma
1
0.009
0.009
0.009
CA: Anaheim
9
0.009
0.003
0.006
CA: Bakersfield
4
0.007
0.004
0.005
CA: Eureka
4
0.004
0.002
0.003
CA: Fresno
5
0.012
0.004
0.008
CA: Richmond
5
0.009
0.003
0.006
CA: Riverside
8
0.015
0.006
0.010
CA: Sacramento
3
0.008
0.006
0.007
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
7
0.014
0.006
0.009
CA: San Diego
4
0.010
0.004
0.007
CA: San Francisco
8
0.005
0.001
0.003
CA: San Jose
9
0.010
0.002
0.005
CO: Colorado Springs
3
0.012
0.008
0.010
CO: Denver
6
0.016
0.005
0.011
CO: Grand Junction
2
0.011
0.010
0.010
CT: Hartford
9
0.008
0.002
0.006
DC: Washington
9
0.012
0.004
0.008
DE: Dover
5
0.008
0.004
0.006
FL: Jacksonville
9
0.007
0.003
0.005
FL: Miami
3
0.008
0.003
0.005
FL: Orlando
7
0.009
0.003
0.005
FL: Tallahassee
4
0.008
0.004
0.006
FL: Tampa
2
0.010
0.006
0.008
GA: Atlanta
4
0.011
0.005
0.007
GA: Augusta
7
0.012
0.004
0.008
HI: Honolulu
9
0.006
0.001
0.004
IA: Des Moines
8
0.010
0.005
0.008
IA: Mason City
6
0.008
0.004
0.006
ID: Boise
3
0.014
0.005
0.008
ID: Idaho Falls
7
0.014
0.004
0.010
6

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Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
May 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

IL: Aurora
9
0.014
0.006
0.008
IL: Champaign
7
0.011
0.004
0.007
IL: Chicago
8
0.013
0.005
0.008
IN: Fort Wayne
1
0.010
0.010
0.010
IN: Indianapolis
9
0.014
0.004
0.008
KS: Kansas City
6
0.011
0.002
0.008
KS: Wichita
7
0.013
0.003
0.009
KY: Lexington
4
0.014
0.005
0.009
KY: Louisville
5
0.015
0.006
0.008
LA: Baton Rouge
6
0.016
0.004
0.007
LA: Shreveport
6
0.008
0.004
0.006
MA: Boston
9
0.007
0.002
0.004
MA: Worcester
9
0.011
0.003
0.007
MD: Baltimore
8
0.014
0.006
0.009
ME: Portland
9
0.015
0.003
0.008
MI: Bay City 48708
7
0.007
0.004
0.005
MI: Detroit
8
0.010
0.004
0.007
MI: Grand Rapids
5
0.011
0.005
0.008
MN: Duluth
5
0.007
0.003
0.005
MN: St. Paul
4
0.006
0.004
0.005
MO: Jefferson City
9
0.012
0.003
0.008
MO: Springfield
7
0.010
0.003
0.007
MO: St. Louis
2
0.006
0.006
0.006
MS: Jackson/Deq
1
0.006
0.006
0.006
MT: Billings
4
0.011
0.005
0.008
NC: Charlotte
9
0.013
0.005
0.007
NC: Greensboro
2
0.011
0.008
0.010
NC: Wilmington
5
0.009
0.004
0.006
ND: Bismarck
6
0.010
0.003
0.007
NE: Lincoln
9
0.011
0.002
0.007
NE: Omaha
4
0.009
0.004
0.007
NH: Concord
4
0.013
0.004
0.009
NJ: Edison
7
0.011
0.003
0.006
NM: Carlsbad
5
0.012
0.007
0.010
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
3
0.017
0.009
0.012
NV: Las Vegas/913
7
0.012
0.005
0.008
NV: Reno
8
0.015
0.006
0.010
NY: Albany
9
0.009
0.004
0.007
7

-------
Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
May 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

NY: Lockport
8
0.006
0.004
0.005
NY: New York City
4
0.006
0.004
0.005
NY: Rochester
9
0.007
0.004
0.005
NY: Syracuse
4
0.008
0.004
0.006
NY: Yaphank
8
0.008
0.002
0.005
OH: Cincinnati
10
0.028
0.004
0.009
OH: Cleveland
9
0.009
0.004
0.006
OH: Painesville
8
0.011
0.004
0.007
OH: Toledo
9
0.010
0.005
0.007
OK: Oklahoma City
9
0.015
0.006
0.010
OK: Tulsa
9
0.010
0.004
0.007
OR: Corvallis
9
0.009
0.001
0.003
OR: Portland
9
0.006
0.001
0.003
PA: Bloomsburg
9
0.008
0.003
0.005
PA: Philadelphia
5
0.010
0.005
0.008
PA: Pittsburgh
5
0.009
0.005
0.007
PR: San Juan
8
0.006
0.002
0.003
RI: Providence
4
0.004
0.004
0.004
SC: Columbia
4
0.008
0.005
0.006
SD: Pierre
2
0.007
0.006
0.007
SD: Rapid City
6
0.013
0.005
0.008
TN: Knoxville
5
0.015
0.005
0.010
TN: Memphis
6
0.012
0.003
0.007
TN: Nashville
8
0.010
0.003
0.006
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
8
0.012
0.004
0.008
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
8
0.012
0.004
0.008
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
8
0.012
0.003
0.008
TN: Oak Ridgc/Y12 E
8
0.012
0.003
0.008
TN: Oak Ridge12 W
8
0.012
0.003
0.008
TX: Austin
3
0.014
0.008
0.011
TX: Dallas
4
0.010
0.005
0.009
TX: El Paso
4
0.018
0.014
0.016
TX: Ft. Worth
4
0.011
0.006
0.008
TX: Harlingen
4
0.015
0.007
0.010
TX: Houston
9
0.012
0.006
0.008
TX: Lubbock
6
0.003
0.001
0.002
TX: San Angelo
4
0.012
0.005
0.008
TX: San Antonio
7
0.012
0.005
0.009
8

-------
Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
May 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

UT: Salt Lake City
8
0.012
0.004
0.008
UT: St. George
2
0.010
0.008
0.009
VA: Harrisonburg
4
0.012
0.009
0.011
VA: Lynchburg
9
0.012
0.005
0.008
VA: Richmond
7
0.008
0.004
0.006
VA: Virginia Beach
9
0.007
0.003
0.005
VT: Burlington
9
0.013
0.004
0.007
WA: Olympia
7
0.007
0.001
0.004
WA: Richland
6
0.009
0.002
0.005
WA: Seattle
5
0.005
0.002
0.003
WA: Spokane
4
0.014
0.003
0.007
WI: Madison
7
0.009
0.006
0.007
WI: Milwaukee
4
0.006
0.003
0.004
WI: Shawano
9
0.010
0.004
0.006
WV: Charleston
6
0.012
0.004
0.008
9

-------
Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
June 2013



NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

AK: Anchorage
7
0.004
0.000
0.003
AK: Fairbanks
8
0.006
0.002
0.004
AK: Juneau
5
0.003
0.000
0.002
AL: Birmingham
7
0.012
0.005
0.009
AL: Montgomery/408
8
0.010
0.004
0.007
AR: Little Rock
4
0.013
0.009
0.011
AZ: Phoenix/956
8
0.014
0.008
0.010
AZ: Tucson
7
0.014
0.006
0.010
CA: Anaheim
7
0.006
0.003
0.005
CA: Bakersfield
5
0.008
0.004
0.006
CA: Eureka
4
0.001
0.001
0.001
CA: Fresno
4
0.008
0.003
0.005
CA: Richmond
4
0.003
0.002
0.002
CA: Riverside
8
0.011
0.004
0.009
CA: Sacramento
4
0.005
0.001
0.003
CA: San Bernardino Cty.
8
0.011
0.007
0.009
CA: San Diego
4
0.007
0.003
0.005
CA: San Francisco
7
0.002
0.000
0.001
CA: San Jose
8
0.005
0.001
0.003
CO: Colorado Springs
2
0.010
0.010
0.010
CO: Denver
6
0.014
0.008
0.012
CO: Grand Junction
3
0.014
0.011
0.012
CT: Hartford
8
0.011
0.002
0.006
DC: Washington
8
0.008
0.005
0.007
DE: Dover
3
0.007
0.004
0.006
FL: Jacksonville
7
0.007
0.003
0.004
FL: Miami
3
0.006
0.003
0.005
FL: Orlando
8
0.007
0.003
0.005
FL: Tallahassee
1
0.007
0.007
0.007
FL: Tampa
8
0.018
0.003
0.007
GA: Atlanta
3
0.009
0.005
0.007
GA: Augusta
4
0.011
0.006
0.008
HI: Honolulu
8
0.004
0.002
0.003
IA: Des Moines
6
0.008
0.004
0.006
IA: Mason City
5
0.006
0.004
0.005
ID: Boise
2
0.005
0.004
0.005
ID: Idaho Falls
8
0.012
0.004
0.007
IL: Aurora
8
0.009
0.004
0.007
10

-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
June 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

IL: Champaign
7
0.008
0.002
0.005
IL: Chicago
7
0.011
0.004
0.007
IN: Fort Wayne
4
0.012
0.008
0.011
IN: Indianapolis
8
0.013
0.004
0.008
KS: Kansas City
6
0.018
0.007
0.011
KS: Wichita
8
0.018
0.005
0.009
KY: Lexington
2
0.010
0.009
0.009
KY: Louisville
5
0.009
0.006
0.008
LA: Baton Rouge
7
0.011
0.003
0.007
LA: Shreveport
7
0.012
0.003
0.006
MA: Boston
8
0.010
0.001
0.005
MA: Worcester
8
0.012
0.002
0.007
MD: Baltimore
6
0.008
0.005
0.007
ME: Portland
7
0.015
0.004
0.010
MI: Bay City 48708
7
0.008
0.003
0.005
MI: Detroit
7
0.008
0.003
0.006
MI: Grand Rapids
4
0.008
0.006
0.007
MN: Duluth
6
0.006
0.003
0.004
MN: St. Paul
2
0.004
0.003
0.004
MO: Jefferson City
8
0.014
0.004
0.008
MO: Springfield
8
0.018
0.006
0.010
MO: St. Louis
2
0.012
0.005
0.008
MS: Jackson/Deq
5
0.012
0.004
0.007
MT: Billings
3
0.006
0.003
0.005
NC: Charlotte
7
0.008
0.005
0.006
NC: Greensboro
1
0.019
0.019
0.019
NC: Wilmington
4
0.006
0.004
0.005
ND: Bismarck
7
0.010
0.005
0.007
NE: Lincoln
8
0.013
0.002
0.007
NE: Omaha
4
0.010
0.005
0.007
NH: Concord
7
0.016
0.005
0.010
NJ: Edison
7
0.006
0.002
0.004
NM: Carlsbad
6
0.011
0.007
0.009
NM: Navajo Lake St Park
4
0.012
0.007
0.009
NV: Las Vegas/913
8
0.009
0.004
0.006
NV: Reno
8
0.011
0.006
0.008
NY: Albany
7
0.011
0.003
0.008
NY: Lockport
7
0.010
0.002
0.006
11

-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
June 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

NY: New York City
4
0.007
0.003
0.005
NY: Rochester
6
0.010
0.003
0.005
NY: Syracuse
3
0.010
0.005
0.007
NY: Yaphank
5
0.005
0.003
0.004
OH: Cincinnati
8
0.012
0.006
0.009
OH: Cleveland
5
0.008
0.004
0.005
OH: Painesville
5
0.010
0.005
0.008
OH: Toledo
8
0.008
0.004
0.006
OK: Oklahoma City
7
0.017
0.006
0.010
OK: Tulsa
8
0.020
0.004
0.010
OR: Corvallis
8
0.003
0.001
0.002
OR: Portland
8
0.002
0.001
0.002
PA: Bloomsburg
4
0.006
0.003
0.004
PA: Philadelphia
4
0.010
0.004
0.007
PA: Pittsburgh
4
0.010
0.007
0.008
PR: San Juan
8
0.011
0.003
0.006
RI: Providence
4
0.006
0.001
0.004
SC: Columbia
4
0.009
0.006
0.008
SD: Pierre
6
0.010
0.007
0.008
SD: Rapid City
6
0.012
0.004
0.008
TN: Knoxville
5
0.014
0.009
0.011
TN: Memphis
7
0.014
0.004
0.009
TN: Nashville
8
0.010
0.005
0.008
TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel
8
0.098
0.006
0.020
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
8
0.012
0.007
0.009
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
8
0.011
0.006
0.008
TN: Oak Ridgc/Y12 E
8
0.012
0.006
0.008
TN: Oak Ridge12 W
8
0.012
0.006
0.008
TX: Amarillo
5
0.012
0.010
0.011
TX: Austin
4
0.014
0.005
0.008
TX: Dallas
1
0.007
0.007
0.007
TX: El Paso
3
0.016
0.016
0.016
TX: Ft. Worth
4
0.010
0.005
0.007
TX: Harlingen
5
0.013
0.003
0.008
TX: Houston
8
0.017
0.003
0.009
TX: Lubbock
7
0.004
0.001
0.002
TX: San Angelo
3
0.012
0.006
0.008
TX: San Antonio
8
0.016
0.005
0.010
12

-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
June 2013


NAREL Lab


Number
Measurement


of
Max
Min
Avj?
Location
Samples

(pCi/m3)

UT: Salt Lake City
8
0.011
0.004
0.007
UT: St. George
4
0.007
0.006
0.007
VA: Harrisonburg
7
0.011
0.007
0.008
VA: Lynchburg
8
0.010
0.007
0.008
VA: Richmond
5
0.009
0.005
0.007
VA: Virginia Beach
8
0.006
0.003
0.005
VT: Burlington
7
0.008
0.003
0.006
WA: Olympia
7
0.002
0.001
0.001
WA: Richland
8
0.004
0.001
0.003
WA: Seattle
4
0.002
0.001
0.001
WA: Spokane
6
0.007
0.003
0.004
WI: Madison
5
0.011
0.006
0.008
WI: Milwaukee
6
0.006
0.003
0.005
WI: Shawano
8
0.008
0.004
0.006
WV: Charleston
5
0.012
0.008
0.010
13

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Table 5
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
April 2013
Location
Nuclide
pCi/L ± 2m
AL: Montgomery/408
Be-7
26.1
9.8
AR: Little Rock
Be-7
21
14
CA: Richmond

ND

CO: Denver
Be-7
46
16
CT: Hartford
Be-7
41
17
FL: Jacksonville
Be-7
40
16
GA: Atlanta
Be-7
46
16
ID: Idaho Falls

ND

KS: Kansas City

ND

MA: Boston
Be-7
108
21
MI: Lansing
Be-7
17
13
MN: St. Paul
Be-7
16
13
MN: Welch/510
Be-7
14
13
NC: Charlotte
Be-7
30
16
NC: Wilmington
Be-7
31
14
NH: Concord
Be-7
19
13
NY: Albany
Be-7
18
12
NY: Yaphank
Be-7
22
13
OH: Painesville
Be-7
40
15
OR: Portland
Be-7
17
15
PA: Harrisburg
Be-7
16
12
TN: Knoxville

ND

TN: Nashville
Be-7
23
12
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
Be-7
30
12
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
Be-7
39
11
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
Be-7
22
14
TX: Austin

ND

UT: Salt Lake City
Be-7
13
13
VA: Lynchburg

ND

WA: Olympia

ND

14

-------
Table 6
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
May 2013
Location
Nuclide
pCi/L ± 2m
AL: Montgomery/408

ND

AR: Little Rock
Be-7
21
15
CA: Richmond

ND

CO: Denver
Be-7
42
17
CT: Hartford
Be-7
21
17
FL: Jacksonville
Be-7
20
18
GA: Atlanta
Be-7
24
17
HI: Honolulu
Be-7
86
24
ID: Idaho Falls

ND

KS: Kansas City
Be-7
23
14
MA: Boston
Be-7
58
20
MI: Lansing
Be-7
25
19
MN: St. Paul

ND

MN: Welch/510

ND

NC: Charlotte
Be-7
27
12
NC: Wilmington
Be-7
15
11
NH: Concord

ND

NY: Albany

ND

NY: Yaphank

ND

OH: Painesville
Be-7
21
18
OR: Portland
Be-7
12
11
PA: Harrisburg

ND

TN: Knoxville
Ra-228
3.4
3.0
TN: Nashville

ND

TN: Oak Ridge/K25
Be-7
94
26
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
Be-7
105
26
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
Be-7
79
25
TX: Austin

ND

UT: Salt Lake City
Be-7
19
18
VA: Lynchburg

ND

WA: Olympia
Be-7
23
18
15

-------
Table 7
Specific Gamma in Precipitation
June 2013
Location
Nuclide
pCi/L ± 2m
AL: Montgomery/408
Be-7
21
11
AR: Little Rock
Be-7
25
15
CO: Denver
Be-7
55
29
CT: Hartford
Be-7
40
16
FL: Jacksonville
Be-7
45
19
GA: Atlanta
Be-7
63
16
ID: Idaho Falls
Ra-228
13
11
KS: Kansas City

ND

MA: Boston
Be-7
104
21
MI: Lansing
Be-7
28
15
MN: St. Paul

ND

MN: Welch/510
Be-7
19
10
NC: Charlotte
Be-7
17
14
NC: Wilmington

ND

NY: Albany
Be-7
32
17
NY: Yaphank
Be-7
9.7
9.4
OH: Painesville
Be-7
33
15
OR: Portland

ND

PA: Harrisburg
Be-7
36
16
TN: Knoxville

ND

TN: Nashville
Be-7
19.2
9.2
TN: Oak Ridge/K25
Be-7
36
16
TN: Oak Ridge/Melton
Be-7
26.4
9.1
TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E
Be-7
39
19
VA: Lynchburg
Be-7
17
14

K-40
14
12
WA: Olympia
Be-7
45
17
16

-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis
of annually composited samples (air filters) collected from the airborne particulate
samplers. Plutonium and uranium results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of the
following year.
Concentrations of plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234,
235, and 238 are determined by alpha-particle spectrometry following chemical
separation. The volume of air represented by the annual composite typically ranges from
120,000 to 500,000 cubic meters.
17

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18

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2. Drinking Water Program
The RadNet drinking water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation's
drinking water supplies. Sampling sites are either major population centers or selected nuclear
facility environs.
Drinking water data are used to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations. The analysis
scheme for RadNet samples is similar to that of EPA's "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross
beta, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and
radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L on annual composites; (d) iodine-131
on one quarterly sample per year for each station; (e) plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239
and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater
than 2 pCi/L on annual composites; and (f) strontium-90 on one-fourth of the annual composites
on a four year rotating schedule. Composite results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of
the following year.
RadNet drinking water data should not be used to monitor compliance with drinking water regu-
lations or for comparisons to those data since different procedures for collection and analysis
may be used.
19

-------
Table 8
Tritium in Drinking Water
April-June 2013

Date
3H
Location
Collected
pCi/L ± 2u
AK: Fairbanks
05/31/13
36 80
AL: Dothan
04/04/13
-23 84
AL: Montgomery
04/18/13
0 76
AL: Muscle Shoals
04/04/13
-21 85
AL: Scottsboro
04/03/13
-31 85
AR: Little Rock
04/15/13
48 78
CA: Richmond
06/25/13
-9 78
CO: Denver
04/19/13
53 78
CT: Hartford
04/10/13
-31 85
DE: Dover
04/22/13
25 79
FL: Tampa
04/09/13
18 76
GA: Baxley
04/17/13
-14 86
GA: Savannah
06/24/13
-11 78
HI: Honolulu
05/20/13
-39 75
IA: Cedar Rapids
05/07/13
21 79
ID: Boise
04/02/13
6 86
ID: Idaho Falls
04/05/13
54 88
IL: Morris
04/05/13
-12 86
IL: W. Chicago
05/06/13
23 79
KS: Topeka
04/17/13
85 80
LA: New Orleans
04/25/13
49 80
MD: Baltimore
04/08/13
-30 77
MD: Conowingo
04/09/13
18 78
MI: Detroit
04/11/13
70 80
MN: St. Paul
04/03/13
-59 85
MN: Welch
04/03/13
-8 86
MO: Jefferson City
04/08/13
17 87
MS: Jackson
04/09/13
-12 76
MS: Port Gibson
04/09/13
87 80
MT: Helena
04/25/13
55 80
ND: Bismarck
04/12/13
11 77
NE: Lincoln
04/08/13
-40 84
NJ: Trenton
04/29/13
-32 76
NJ: Waretown
04/29/13
30 79
NY: New York City
04/16/13
-16 76
NY: Niagara Falls
04/23/13
118 84
NY: Syracuse
06/24/13
16 79
OH: Cincinnati
04/09/13
-25 75
OH: Columbus
04/16/13
50 88
OH: E. Liverpool
04/17/13
61 81
20

-------
Table 8 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
April-June 2013

Date
3H
Location
Collected
pCi/L ± 2u
OH: Painesville
06/13/13
-34 77
OH: Toledo
04/08/13
130 82
OR: Portland
06/28/13
-14 78
PA: Columbia
04/09/13
44 78
PA: Harrisburg
04/02/13
-54 83
PA: Pittsburgh
04/16/13
37 78
RI: Providence
04/09/13
29 78
SC: Barnwell
04/02/13
-28 77
SC: Columbia
04/30/13
46 80
SC: Jenkinsville
04/10/13
25 79
SC: Seneca
04/08/13
43 80
TN: Chattanooga
04/08/13
136 84
TN: Knoxville
04/09/13
-12 75
TN: Oak Ridge/#360
04/02/13
-101 82
TN: OakRidge/#371
04/02/13
-6 86
TN: Oak Ridge/#4442
04/02/13
31 88
TN: Oak Ridge/#768
04/02/13
-33 84
TN: Oak Ridge/#772
04/02/13
19 87
TX: Austin
04/03/13
8 87
VA: Ashland
04/30/13
3190 210
VA: Lynchburg
06/11/13
2 80
WA: Richland
05/14/13
25 80
WI: Madison
04/15/13
67 79
21

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22

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3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of certain radionuclides since it is
consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically
significant radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A
primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radio-
nuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Milk samples are collected quarterly at each of the sampling sites. The samples are analyzed for
gamma-emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium-40.
Total potassium concentrations in g/L are determined from potassium-40 activities assuming
natural isotopic abundances. During the third quarter collection, one-fourth of the samples are
also analyzed for strontium-90 on a four year rotating schedule.
23

-------
Table 9
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
April-June 2013

Date
K
137Cs
140Ba
131j
Location
Collected
g/L ± 2 u
pCi/L ± lu
pCi/L ± 2u
pCi/L ± 2m
AR: Fort Smith
05/08/13
1.67 0.20
ND
ND
ND
AZ: Phoenix
05/10/13
1.66 0.20
ND
ND
ND
CA: Los Angeles
06/04/13
1.64 0.19
ND
ND
ND
CA: San Francisco
04/09/13
1.95 0.23
ND
ND
ND
CT: Hartford
06/12/13
1.68 0.20
ND
ND
ND
DE: Wilmington
04/15/13
1.57 0.19
ND
ND
ND
FL: Plant City
04/23/13
1.66 0.20
ND
ND
ND
HI: Hilo
04/08/13
1.68 0.20
ND
ND
ND
IA: Des Moines
05/21/13
1.62 0.20
ND
ND
ND
KS: Wichita
04/09/13
1.65 0.20
ND
ND
ND
KY: Louisville
04/09/13
1.60 0.19
ND
ND
ND
MA: Boston
06/20/13
1.67 0.20
ND
ND
ND
MD: Baltimore
04/09/13
1.62 0.19
ND
ND
ND
MO: Kansas City
04/25/13
1.60 0.20
ND
ND
ND
NJ: Trenton
04/10/13
1.76 0.20
ND
ND
ND
NV: Las Vegas
06/10/13
1.58 0.19
ND
ND
ND
NV: Reno
06/11/13
1.71 0.21
ND
ND
ND
NY: Buffalo
06/06/13
1.65 0.20
ND
ND
ND
NY: Syracuse
04/18/13
1.58 0.19
ND
ND
ND
OH: Cincinnati
05/13/13
1.62 0.19
ND
ND
ND
OH: Cleveland
04/19/13
1.60 0.19
ND
ND
ND
OR: Portland
06/24/13
1.65 0.19
ND
ND
ND
PA: Pittsburgh
04/29/13
1.60 0.20
ND
ND
ND
TN: Chattanooga
04/01/13
1.61 0.18
ND
ND
ND
TN: Chattanooga
06/24/13
1.64 0.19
ND
ND
ND
TN: Knoxville
04/18/13
1.67 0.20
ND
ND
ND
TN: Memphis
05/20/13
1.65 0.20
ND
ND
ND
TX: Dallas
04/09/13
1.62 0.20
ND
ND
ND
TX: San Antonio
04/29/13
1.59 0.19
ND
ND
ND
VT: Montpelier
04/18/13
1.59 0.20
ND
ND
ND
WA: Spokane
04/25/13
1.68 0.20
ND
ND
ND
WA: Tacoma
06/27/13
1.71 0.20
ND
ND
ND
WV: Charleston
04/16/13
1.71 0.20
ND
ND
ND
Note: ND = Not detected
NR = No result (not analyzed within 5 half-lives of collection)
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For More Information
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet and the data that are generated
should be directed as follows:
Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet, the data that are generated, or
publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
email: petko.charles@epa.gov
Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be
directed to:
Jonathan Edwards
USEPA - ORIA
Radiation Protection Division (MC6608J)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
email: edwards.jonathan@epa.gov
***
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