^£D S7^£. > \ Hawaii Report: # '% \ v^ry $ Toxics Release Inventory ^ 2006 Reporting Year PROl*~° U.S. EPA Region 9 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, the Pacific Islands, and Tribal Nations — March 2008 Trends in Toxic Chemical Releases for 2004 - 2006* Total On-site and Off-site Releases All Industries 3.5 2.5 3.2 3.1 3.0 2004 2005 Reporting Year 2006 Total On-Site and Off-Site Releases Electric Generating Facilities s o oi « & s 2.2 2.1 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.1 2004 2005 Reporting Year 2006 Total Releases for Reporting Years 2004 - 2006 Year Air Land Water Under- ground Injection Off-Site 2004 2,358,741 227,719 296,415 6,601 281,261 2005 2,311,635 89,734 522,217 2,736 179,869 2006 2,250,944 174,678 358,236 4,743 230,675 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Total On-Site and Off-Site Releases Federal Facilities 671 635 532 2004 2005 Reporting Year 2006 The 2006 Public Data Release EPA has made public the 2006 data on toxic chemicals that were released to Hawaii's air, water and land. This information comes from the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), a federal community right-to-know program. In Hawaii, 3 8 facilities reported a total of 3.1 million pounds of toxic chemical releases. Facilities that meet certain criteria must report the amounts of toxic chemicals disposed of or otherwise released on-site to air, water, land and injected underground and the amounts of chemicals transferred off-site for disposal or release. Off-site disposal or release can include land disposal at permitted hazardous waste facilities.** The data does not indicate whether a facility is violating environmental laws. Many of the facilities reporting under this program are subject to state and federal regulations designed to protect human health and the environment. For instance Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle C * Year to year data comparisons does not reflect changes in reporting requirements. ** No adjustments were made to account for double counting that could occur as a result of off-site transfers of some TRI facilities also being reported as on-site releases at permitted hazardous waste landfills and other TRIfacilities that receive the on-site transfers. ------- Hawaii Report - March 2008 Landfills, a type of permitted hazardous waste facility, must comply with stringent requirements for liners, leak detection systems, and groundwater monitoring. Disposal in underground injection wells is regulated by EPA's Underground Injection Control Program to provide safeguards so that injection wells do not endanger current and future underground sources of drinking water. Releases and Risk Release is defined as the amount of a toxic chemical released on-site (to air, water, underground injection, landfills, and other land disposal), and the amount transferred off-site for disposal. It is important to note that a release should not be directly equated with risk. To evaluate risk, release data must be combined with information about site- specific conditions, exposure, and chemical toxicity. TRI chemicals vary widely in toxicity. High volume releases of less toxic chemicals may pose less environmental risk than lower volume releases of highly toxic chemicals. Increases in on-site releases at permitted hazardous waste facilities may indicate a reduction in risk. Industries A facility is subject to TRI reporting requirements if it: has 10 or more full-time employees; is classified under a reportable North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code; and manufactures, processes, or otherwise uses any of the listed toxic chemicals in amounts greater than the threshold quantities. For most chemicals (excluding Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) chemicals) the thresholds are 25,000 pounds for manufactured or processed, and 10,000 pounds for otherwise used. Manufacturing industries have been reporting their releases since 1987, and federal facilities started reporting in 1994. In 1998, an additional seven industry sectors began reporting their toxic chemical releases for the first time. These sectors are metal and coal mining, electricity generation, commercial hazardous waste treatment, solvent recovery, Page 2 petroleum bulk terminals, and wholesale chemical distributors. Hawaii's Releases Hawaii's total reported on-site and off-site releases had 2.8% decrease (87 thousand pounds) when compared to 2005 data. However, there was a 31% decrease in reported releases to water (164 thousand pounds). The major contributor to the decrease of water releases was U.S. Navy Pearl Harbor Naval Complex, which decreased its water releases by 201 thousand pounds or 44%. The largest water releases came from federal facilities (302 thousand pounds). On-site land releases increased by 95% (85 thousand pounds). U.S. Army Schofield/ Wheeler Army Airfield was mainly responsible for this increase with an 120% or 41 thousand pound increase to land releases. There was a 28% increase in reported transfers off-site for disposal and other waste management (51 thousand pounds). This increase was primarily due to AES Hawaii, Inc., reporting 55 thousand pounds more off- site transfers in 2006. Releases to air decreased by 3%, approximately 61 thousand pounds. This decrease was largely due to one facility, Tesoro Hawaii Refinery, reporting 35 thousand fewer pounds of air releases. The electric services industry reported the largest decrease of air releases (7,718 pounds). Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Chemicals In the year 2000, TRI was expanded to include additional Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) chemicals and to require reporting for these chemicals at lower thresholds, ranging from 0.1 grams to 100 pounds. PBT pollutants are toxic chemicals that persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in food chains, posing risks to human health and ecosystems. In Hawaii, approximately 112 thousand pounds of total on-site and off-site releases of PBT chemicals were reported. This is a 132% increase (64 thousand pounds) from the previous year. The reported increase ------- Hawaii Report - March 2008 in lead and lead compounds is primarily responsible for this change. In determining release quantities for metal compounds, facilities only consider the primary metal portion of the compound. For instance, a facility reporting for lead compounds only reports the lead portion of the lead compounds released. Hence, the table below gives combined values for lead and lead compound releases and mercury and mercury compound releases. The PBT chemicals are ranked by 2006 total releases. The data is in pounds for all chemicals except dioxin and dioxin compounds, which is in grams. Table of PBT Chemical Releases in Hawaii Releases of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals in pounds. Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds data are not in Toxicity Equivalence (TEQ). Chemical Total Oil- and Off-Site Releases Percent Change 2005 2006 Lead and Lead Compounds (in pounds) 46,192 110,658 140% Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) (in pounds) 1,683 1,356 -19% Mercury and Mercury Compounds (in pounds) 211 127 -40% Benzo (g,h,i) Perylene (in pounds) 213 7 -97% Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds (in grams) 5.10 5.09 - 0.3% Lead and Lead Compounds Starting in the year 2001, lead and lead compounds were reported as Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) chemicals. While lead and lead compounds have been on the list of reportable chemicals since 1987, for the year 2001 the reporting threshold was drastically lowered (from 25,000 pounds manufactured or processed, and 10,000 pounds otherwise used to 100 pounds manufactured, processed or otherwise used). As a result, additional facilities are required to report releases of lead and lead compounds. Approximately 111 thousand pounds of total releases of lead were reported in Hawaii in 2006. Eighty-eight Page 3 percent of the lead was released to land. The increase in lead releases was primarily due to one federal facility, U.S. Army Schofield Barracks/Wheeler Army Airfield, reporting an increase of 19 thousand pounds (88%) of on-site land disposal for lead. There was a 397%, or 18 thousand pound, reported increase in lead off-site releases. This is primarily due to U.S. Navy Pearl Harbor Naval Complex, reporting a 17 thousand pound increase in its lead off-site releases. Polvcvclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) Electric generating facilities released to the air 80% of the 2006 total on-site and off-site PACs releases. One facility, Chevron Products Co. Hawaii Refinery in Kapolei, released all of the PACS to water, 260 pounds. Other PBT Chemical Releases The electric services industry released 72% (92pounds) of all mercury releases and 89% (60 pounds) of all the mercury releases to air. Electric generating facilities also released nearly 96% of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds reported in Hawaii in 2005. The decrease in Benzo (g, h, i) Perylene was due predominantly to one facility, the Tesoro Hawaii Refinery. In 2005 this facility released 203 pounds of Benzo (g, h, i) into the air and in 2006 it decreased its releases by 203 pounds, a 100 percent decrease from the previous year. Facilities Releasing Largest Quantities of Chemicals The top ten facilities in Hawaii for total on-site and off-site releases of all chemicals are: 1. Hawaiian Electric Co Inc Kahe Generating Station (Kapolei, Honolulu County) with 793 thousand pounds. 2. U.S. Navy Pearl Harbor Naval Complex (Pearl Harbor, Honolulu County) with 329 thousand pounds. 3. Hawaiian Electric Co Inc Waiau Generating Station (Pearl City, Honolulu County) with 318 thousand pounds. ------- Hawaii Report - March 2008 4. Chevron Products Co - Hawaii Refinery (Kapolei, Honolulu County) with 238 thousand pounds. 5. Hawaii Electric Co Inc Hill Generating Station (Hilo, Hawaii County) with 230 thousand pounds. 6. Maui Electric Co LTD Kahului Generating Station (Kahului, Maui County) with 220 thousand pounds. 7. AES Hawaii Inc (Kapolei, Honolulu County) with 216 thousand pounds. 8. Hawaii Electric Light Co Inc Puna Generating Station (Keaau, Hawaii County) with 100 thousand pounds. 9. Tesoro Hawaii Refinery (Kapolei, Honolulu County) with 97 thousand pounds. 10. U.S. Army Schofield Barracks/Wheeler Army Airfield (Schofield Barracks, Honolulu County) with 75 thousand pounds. The top ten facilities in Hawaii for total on-site and off-site releases of PBT chemicals are: 1. U.S. Army Schofield Barracks/Wheeler Army Airfield (Schofield Barracks, Honolulu County) with 40 thousand pounds. 2. U.S. Navy Pearl Harbor Naval Complex (Pearl Harbor, Honolulu County) with 20 thousand pounds. 3. U. S. Marine Corps Base Hawaii Puuloa Training Facility (Ewa Beach, Honolulu County) with 16.6 thousand pounds. 4. U. S. Army Pohakuloa Training Area - Range Facility (Hilo, Hawaii County) with 15 thousand pounds. 5. U.S. Marine Corps Base (MCBH Kaneohe Bay, Honolulu County) with 12.7 thousand pounds. 6. AES Hawaii Inc. (Kapolei, Honolulu County) with 2,375 pounds. 7. Hawaiian Electric Co. Inc. Kahe Generating Station (Kapolei, Honolulu County) with 1,349 pounds. 8. Maui Electric Co. Ltd. Maalaea Generating Station (Kihei, Maui County) with 1,129 pounds. 9. Chevron Products Co - Hawaii Refinery (Kapolei, Honolulu County) with 707 pounds. 10. Hawaiian Electric Co. Inc. Waiau Generating Station (Pearl City, Honolulu County) with 577 pounds. Page 4 On-line Access For national information on data releases, see: http://www.epa. gov/tri The TRI data is available through Envirofacts Warehouse, EPA's internet site for distributing environmental information at: http://www.epa.gov/enviro or the TRI Explorer tool: http://www.epa.gov/triexplorer For general information on the Toxics Release Inventory, including reporting requirements for businesses, go to: http://www.epa.gov/region09/toxic/tri For additional information on dioxin, go to: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/dioxin.htm For more information on the EPA's PBT Chemicals Program, go to: http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pbt/ Information and Assistance Region 9 staff will answer questions and assist you in learning more about the TRI program in Region 9. U.S. EPA Region 9, TRI Program Nancy Levin, (415) 972-3848 Mariela Lopez, (415) 972-3771 ------- |