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CAP88-PC Version 4.1
User Guide
Mr. Brian Littleton, EPA Project Manager
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20460
By:
Trinity Engineering Associates, Inc.
25 W Fountain Ave.
Cincinnati, OH 45246-4308
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Contents
CAP88-PC Version 4.1 1
User Guide 1
Introduction 4
Installation 13
Migration Utility 18
Usage 27
Main Form 27
Options 28
Dataset 31
Dataset Open/New 31
Dataset Edit 31
Dataset Save 33
Dataset Edit Facility Tab 33
Dataset Edit Population Tab 35
Dataset Edit Meteorological Tab 37
Dataset Edit Sources Tab 38
Dataset Edit Agricultural Tab 39
Dataset Edit Nuclides Tab 41
Dataset Edit Reports Tab 43
Population File 45
Population File List 45
Population File Edit 45
Population File Edit Location Tab 46
Population File Edit Distances Tab 48
Population File Edit Direction Values Tab 49
Wind File 49
Wind File List 49
Wind File Edit 50
Reference 53
Dataset File Format 53
Dataset Default File 59
Population File Format 63
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Wind File Format 65
Architecture and Mathematical Models 66
State Agricultural Productivies 81
Differences From Mainframe Versions of AIRDOS-EPA/DARTAB 82
Citations 86
Credits 88
Appendices 89
STAR File Format 89
Weather Data Library 91
Radionuclide List 96
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Iii " " lion
Background
On October 31, 1989 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued final rules for
radionuclide emissions to air under 40 CFR 61, National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPS). Emission monitoring and compliance procedures for Department
of Energy (DOE) facilities (40 CFR 61.93(a) ) require the use of CAP-88 or AIRDOS-PC
computer models, or other approved procedures, to calculate effective dose equivalents to
members of the public.
The CAP88 (which stands for Clean Air Act Assessment Package - 1988) computer model is
a set of computer programs, databases and associated utility programs for estimation of
dose and risk from radionuclide emissions to air. EPA modified the ORNL mainframe
program AIRDOS in 1979 to create AIRDOS-EPA (Mo79). The AIRDOS-EPA code was further
modified to incorporate various dose and risk coefficients. AIRDOS-EPA (1982) used
RADRISK (1980) database files for dose and risk coefficients. RADRISK calculated isotope
dose and risk and stored them in binary card image format. The DARTAB (1981) code was
developed to convert RADRISK files to the format used by AIRDOS-EPA. AIRDOS (1984)
used doses from DARTAB rather than the doses calculated directly by AIRDOS.
To make compliance calculations easier for individuals without access to a mainframe
computer, EPA developed the AIRDOS-PC program that was used from 1982 to 1986.
AIRDOS-PC was succeeded by AIRDOS2 which was the predecessor of CAP88-PC. At the
same time PC versions of RADRISK and DARTAB were developed. All were combined in
CAP88-PC (1988).
Purpose and Version History
The original CAP88-PC software package, version 1.0, allowed users to perform full-featured
dose and risk assessments in a DOS environment for the purpose of demonstrating
compliance with 40 CFR 61.93(a). CAP88-PC provided the CAP-88 methodology for
assessments of both collective populations and maximally-exposed individuals. The
complete set of dose and risk factors used in CAP88 was provided. CAP88-PC differs from
the dose assessment software AIRDOS-PC in that it estimates risk as well as dose, offers a
wider selection of radionuclide and meteorological data, provides the capability for collective
population assessments, and allows users greater freedom to alter values of environmental
transport variables. CAP88-PC version 1.0 was approved for demonstrating compliance with
40 CFR 61.93(a) in February 1992.
CAP88-PC version 2.0 provided a framework for developing inputs to perform full-featured
dose and risk assessments in a Windows environment for the purpose of demonstrating
compliance with 40 CFR 61.93(a). The changes from version 2.0 to version 2.1 included the
addition of more decay chains, improvements in the Windows code error handling, and a
modified nuclide data input form.
CAP88-PC Version 3.0 marked a significant update to the version 2 system. Version 3
incorporated dose and risk factors from Federal Guidance Report 13 (FGR 13, EPA99) in
place of the RADRISK data that was used in previous versions. The FGR 13 factors were
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based on the methods in Publication 72 of the International Commission on Radiological
Protection (ICRP72). In addition, the CAP88-PC database, user interface, and input/output
files were modified to accommodate the FGR 13 data formats and nomenclature.
CAP88-PC Version 4 was a significant modification to version 3 intended to improve
usability, increase stability, update the datasets, and provide a more maintainable code
base and documentation set for the future. Version 4 adopted age-dependent dose and risk
factors and introduced a new code architecture that conformed to updated coding standards
and data formats. Version 4 also moved the database of isotopic data to extensible Markup
Language (XML) format to enhance portability. Version 4.1 updates the dose/risk data to
incorporate the DCFPAK 3.02 release of the FGR 13 information, and includes usability
enhancements.
Model Summary
All versions of CAP88-PC use a modified Gaussian plume equation to estimate the average
dispersion of radionuclides released from up to six emitting sources. The sources may be
either elevated stacks, such as a smokestack, or uniform area sources, such as a pile of
uranium mill tailings. Plume rise can be calculated assuming either a fixed, momentum, or
buoyant-driven plume. Assessments are done for a circular grid of distances and directions
for a radius of up to 80 kilometers (50 miles) around the facility. The Gaussian plume model
is simple to use, has been widely tested, and has been shown to give reasonable predictions
if a proper selection of model parameters is made (Faw99).
The mainframe version of CAP88 consisted of three independent programs; the atmospheric
dispersion program AIRDOS, the dose calculation program DARTAB, and the input
preparation program PREPAR. There are a few differences between all versions of CAP88-PC
and the mainframe versions of AIRDOS, PREPAR and DARTAB. The PREPAR program has
been eliminated and replaced by a graphical user interface in CAP88-PC versions 2 through
4.1. Population assessments are easier to perform in all versions of CAP88-PC. When
performing population assessments, population arrays must always be supplied to the
program as a file; for backward compatibility the population files still use the same format
as those from the mainframe version of CAP88. Sample population files are supplied with
CAP88-PC, which the user should modify to reflect their own population distributions. When
performing population dose assessments, all versions of CAP88-PC use the distances in the
population array to determine the sector midpoint distances where the code calculates
concentrations. The AIRDOS dispersion module used in all versions of CAP88-PC only uses
circular grids to define the assessment area, whereas square grids were available in the
mainframe version. When an individual assessment is run in any version of CAP88-PC, the
sector midpoint distances are input by the user and the sector boundary distances are
calculated by CAP88-PC. Direct user input of radionuclide concentrations is not an option in
any version of CAP88-PC.
All versions of CAP88-PC have the capability to vary Radon daughter equilibrium fractions;
previously they were set to a constant fraction value of 0.7. The new method varies the
equilibrium fractions depending on the distance from the source. Linear interpolation is used
to determine the equilibrium fractions for distances that do not match the set distances
given.
Agricultural arrays of milk cattle, beef cattle and agricultural crop area are generated
automatically, requiring the user to supply only the State name or agricultural productivity
values. When a population assessment is performed, the arrays are generated to match the
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distances used in the population arrays supplied to the code, and use State-specific or user-
supplied agricultural productivity values. The state name (standard two letter abbreviation)
must be provided. Users are given the option to override the default agricultural
productivity values by entering the data directly on the Agricultural Data tab form. If Alaska,
Hawaii, or Washington, D.C. is selected, agricultural productivity values are set to zero and
must be provided by the user.
CAP88-PC has been modified from the mainframe version to be capable of performing either
"Radon-only" or "Non-Radon" runs in order to conform to the format of the 1988 Clean Air
Act NESHAPS Rulemaking. "Radon-only" assessments are cases having Rn-222 as the only
release isotope; including any other isotope in the release list cause CAP88-PC to consider
the case as "Non-Radon". Cases that are "Radon-only" assessments perform calculations of
Working Level and report Working Level in the output reports. Input of any other isotopes,
including Radon-220, will cause CAP88-PC to omit calculations of Working Level. Synopsis
reports are automatically customized based on whether the case is "Radon-only" or "Non-
Radon". Version 4.1 has not changed the "Radon-only" methodology relative to previous
versions.
The calculation of deposition velocity and the default scavenging coefficient is defined by
current EPA policy. Deposition velocity is set to 3.5e-2 m/sec for Iodine, 1.8e-3 m/sec for
Particulate, and 0.0 m/sec for Gas. The default scavenging coefficient is calculated as a
function of annual precipitation, which is input on the Meteorological Data tab form. Version
4.1 has not modified these calculations, but the data formats introduced in Version 4.0
permit future updates to include element or isotope dependent deposition velocities.
Organs and weighting factors have been modified beginning with Version 3 to comport with
the FGR 13 data supplied by Oak Rifge National Laboratory. In accordance with the FGR 13
dose model, the code now calculates dose for 25 internal organs, rather than the 23 organs
in Version 3 and the 7 organs used in earlier versions. A "26th" organ is also calculated,
which is the total effective dose equivalent; this was the 24th organ in version 3. The code
now reports cancer risk for the 15 target cancer sites used in FGR 13. As was the case in
previous versions, changing the organs and weights will invalidate the results. Version 4.1
adopted the radionuclide physical data, dose factors, risk factors and decay chain
information provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the DCFPAK Version 3.02 data
release (Eckl3). This data provides a more comprehensive set of dose and risk coefficients
as compared to the DCFPAK 2.2 data used in Version 4.0. Version 4.1 retains the ability for
the selection of age-dependent dose, risk, and ingestion data first introduced in CAP88-PC
Version 4.0.
Food chain dose is calculated using the methodology of Regulatory Guide 1.109 published
by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Validation and Testing
The various CAP88-PC programs represent one of the approved, validated codes for the
purpose of making comprehensive dose and risk assessments verifying compliance with the
radionuclide NESHAPS. The Gaussian plume model used in CAP88-PC to estimate dispersion
of radionuclides in air is one of the more commonly used models in Government
guidebooks. It produces results that agree with experimental data for long-term releases, is
fairly easy to work with, and is consistent with the random nature of turbulence. CAP88-PC
Version 4.1 has not modified the basic Gaussian plume algorithm used by the AIRDOS
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module of CAP88-PC since Version 1. Comparison cases between versions 1, 2, 3 and 4
have shown no significant changes in the dispersion calculations.
The Office of Radiation and Indoor Air has made comparisons between the predictions of
annual-average ground-level concentration to actual environmental measurements, and
found very good agreement. In the paper "Comparison of AIRDOS-EPA Prediction of
Ground-Level Airborne Radionuclide Concentrations to Measured Values" (Be86),
environmental monitoring data at five Department of Energy (DOE) sites were compared to
AIRDOS-EPA predictions. EPA concluded that, as often as not, AIRDOS-EPA dispersion
predictions are within a factor of 2 of actual concentrations.
The results generated by Versions 4.0 and 4.1 have been verified by an extensive software
testing program performed at both the module and program level. Formal software testing
was performed by independent reviewers who were not involved in the development of the
code. Software testing involved testing the user interface; verifying that that the results of
the atmospheric model dispersion and environmental transport models were correct;
verifying that the radioactive decay and decay product calculations were correct; verifying
that the dose and risk calculations were correct; and testing that the migration tool was
properly reformatting Version 3 datasets and ancillary files into Version 4.0 or 4.1 formats.
The testing program has been documented in a testing report supplied to EPA. EPA then
proceeded to perform its own independent quality testing program. This program consisted
of development of a review plan, which after approval by EPA management, provided an
independent review of the code, including identification of potential problems or issues with
the functionality of the code. Corrective actions were then taken, and the results of the
quality procedures, including independence of the reviewers, are available from EPA.
The software engineering and testing program used in the development of CAP88-PC
Version 4.0 and 4.1 was implemented both to verify the code was producing the proper
results and to upgrade the quality assurance status of the CAP88-PC program. Previous
version of CAP88-PC were developed prior to the implementation of the more rigorous
software quality requirements now being put in place by many organizations. In order to
meet these more rigorous quality assurance requirements, the results from CAP88-PC
Version 4.0 amd 4.1 were tested against not just black-box sample problems, but also hand
calculations and spreadsheet models of the various calculations performed by the different
code modules. The FORTRAN calculation modules of the code were developed using dual-
confirmation coding, where all coding changes are performed by two individuals, one coding
and one verifying the code as it is entered. As a result of using this method the FORTRAN
subsystem in Version 4 has been subject to a line-by-line verification for over 90% of the
active FORTRAN code. The sections not independently verified are contained in the DLSODE
numerical solver libraries obtained from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Ra93).
Code configuration control and versioning was managed using the Visual SVN and GIT
source control systems. Error tracking and resolution during the testing phase was managed
in a dedicated Microsoft Sharepoint issue resolution list with versioning status and automatic
notification of updates.
Limitations
Like all models, there are some limitations in the CAP88-PC system.
While up to six stack or area sources can be modeled, all the sources are modeled as if
located at the same point; that is, stacks cannot be located in different areas of a facility.
The same plume rise mechanism (fixed, buoyant, or momentum) is used for each source.
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Also, area sources are treated as uniform. Variation in radionuclide concentrations due to
complex terrain or local building wakes is not modeled.
Errors arising from these assumptions typicalle have a small effect for assessments where
the distance to exposed individuals is large compared to the stack height, area or facility
size. In general, the model has significant higher uncertainty for receptors that are within
two stack heights of the release point.
Dose and risk estimates from CAP88-PC are applicable only to low-level chronic exposures,
since the health effects and dosimetric data are based on low-level chronic intakes. CAP88-
PC should not be used for either short-term or acute high-level radionuclide intakes.
Summary of Version 2.1 Changes from Version 2.0
Version 2.1.of CAP88-PC is an incremental change from Version 2.0, meaning that no
significant modifications were introduced to the algorithms for calculating transport, uptake,
dose, and risk. The changes have primarily been improvements to the Visual Basic code
which performs the user interface and data collection functions. Some small changes were
made to the FORTRAN calculation routines in order to accommodate variable input for
humidity and to permit greater numbers of nuclides in a dataset. Additionally, the database
files that are part of CAP88-PC's data management system have been updated to be more
widely compatible with various versions of Windows. Some important modifications to the
CAP88-PC code in Version 2.1 include:
More extensive input field checking for valid values
. An error handling routine was added to provide a text file output of errors
encountered by the code. Most errors are written to a file named
"YYYYMMDDErrorlog.txt", where the date code refers to the date when the error
occurred. This file is located in the CAP88-PC install directory
Many updates to the directory structure, which provided more installation flexibility
and better default initialization in the selection boxes for custom wind and population
files.
- Added an absolute humidity entry on the Met Data tab for site specific calculation of
tritium concentration in vegetables.
- Added a user selectable distance and sector (JLOC and HOC) option for the
individual assessment case. Setting these to non-zero values cause the code to
provide results for the distance and sector indicated.
Increased the number of radionuclides allowed in a run to 120 from 36
- Incorporated the Year 2000 patch needed by Version 2.0
Eliminated all third-party functions and software packages that were in the Version
2.0 Visual Basic code
Eliminated the dialog box that asked the user if they wanted to use MS-DOS mode
- Updated and shortened the initial splash screen
- The toolbar is located at the top of the window in accordance with Windows standard
practice
- The data environment (the accompanying database) was updated to Microsoft Access
for greater compatibility with Windows
- The "Open From File" option was added to allow the user to open input datasets that
have not yet been included in the drop-down file list of available cases
- The default directory locations for the wind and population library were changed to
be the default install directories for these files.
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. The radionuclide entry method was changed. Rather than enter data directly into the
Nuclide Data tab, the user selected either "Add Nuclide", "Edit Nuclide" or "Delete
Nuclide" from the buttons on the form. When "Add Nuclide" or "Edit Nuclide" were
selected, a new data entry form containing all selectable data for the nuclide was
presented.
. A new "Save and Close" button was placed on the Nuclide Data tab of the input data
form.
The user interface for Version 2.1 was built in Visual Basic 6.0, and the install package was
made using InstallShield 7.2. The installer technology was updated and tested with all
Windows versions from 95(b) to XP. It checked for some necessary Windows components,
such as DCOM and Windows Scripting, and installed these if needed, eliminating the
requirement for a separate installation of the DCOM98 module.
Summary of Version 3 Changes from Version 2.1
CAP88-PC Version 3 was a significant update to the previous version 2.1. Version 3
incorporated all the Version 2.1 updates listed in Section 1.6, along with the following
additional modifications:
. Version 3 expanded the nuclide database to 825 nuclides, including all FGR 13 decay
chains
. Version 3 internally calculated all the FGR-13 decay chains using a modified Bateman
solution
. Version 3 was the first CAP88-PC code to perform calculation of the build-up factors
on a case-specific basis for all isotopes in all chains
Incorporation of the new FGR 13 dose and risk factors
- User-selectable analysis time period (default 100 years to maintain consistency with
previous versions)
User-selectable length of the decay chains were first included in Version 3
- User-selectable time step length for the calculation of build-up factors was first
included in Version 3.
. Version 3 eliminated the calculation of Genetic Effects
Dose factors were a function of radionuclide chemical form wherever that is included
in the FGR 13 database
- Organ dose equivalent was calculated for 23 internal organs
. Cancer mortality risk is calculated for 15 cancer sites
. The radionuclide inhalation absorption "Class" terminology was replaced by the new
"Type" nomenclature. The new types were F (fast), M (medium), and S (slow), and
are analogous to the older classes D (day), W (week), and Y (year).
- All particulate sizes are 1.0 micron per the FGR 13 model data, except gases and
vapor forms which are 0.
- Default values for all radionuclide inputs were included; these defaults corresponded
to the recommended values from FGR 13 wherever a recommendation was available.
. The radionuclide transfer factors for all elements in the CAP88-PC database were
updated to the values from the National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurement (NCRP) report number 123 (NCRP96).
. The nuclide input form was modified to allow selection of the nuclide absorption type
and the nuclide chemical form wherever dose factors based on multiple values of
these are included in the database
. Version 3 contained additional data for:
o Age dependent dose factors
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o Dose factors for additional pathways such as drinking water ingestion and
external exposure from multiple depths of soil contamination,
o Dose factors for external exposure to infinite clouds
o Cancer morbidity risk factors in addition to mortality risk factors
CAP88-PC Version 3 continued to report data in the format and nomenclature used in
previous versions. This was done to retain conformance of the model to the applicable
regulation, 40 CFR Part 61 Subpart H. Accordingly, the dose factors used in version 3 for
reporting dose to the maximum exposed individual and the populations were the values in
FGR 13 for adults. The risk values reported by Version 3 and later were those for mortality,
not morbidity. It is important to note that, because of the extensive data modifications,
Version 3 did not allow the use of case input files created under earlier versions to be used
as input for Version 3. Previous POP and WIND files were still useable.
Summary of Version 4 Changes from Version 3
CAP88-PC version 4 not only added significant features, but also redesigned the interface to
give the user a more standard experience. The entire user interface module was re-written
for Version 4 using VB.Net, the Microsoft .Net Framework version 4, and the Visual Studio
2010 development environment, in order to more comply with installation and security
requirements in Windows 7 and Windows 8.
To conform to the Windows 7 security requirements, and to improve usability, the following
significant changes were made:
Version 4 could only be installed on Windows XP SP3 and later.
Run Data is stored in the user's profile folders, rather than in the application's
Program Files folder. This was required because Windows Vista and 7 security
improvements restrict writing files to the Program Files folder.
- To improve management of runs, datasets are by default stored in their own folders,
as subfolders of the Datasets folder.
- Reports (formerly "Output") are always stored in the same folder as the dataset.
- Population and Wind files can be stored with the dataset, or in the default
Population/Wind folders. Storing them with the dataset enhances the configuration
control for a case by eliminating file commingling, and improves sharing dataset info
between organizations. A user can send a dataset, its population and wind files, and
its reports to another user, who can open them confident that the right files for that
case are being used.
Note that, like version 3, version 4 is not backward compatible. This is due to many factors,
including the addition of age-specific data and the inclusion of many more nuclides than in
previous versions. However, Version 4 introduced a dataset migration utility that upgrades
many version 3 datasets to the version 4 format.
More improvements include:
Modeling
Inclusion of all DCFPAK Version 2.2 nuclides. Nuclides in the database having
external but not internal dose factors are now flagged to the user rather than
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crashing the run. NOTE: the user must account for internal dose resulting from
intake of these radionuclides using other methods, such as surrogates.
- Age-specific data is now returned for dose, risk, and inhalation/ingestion rate values.
- Nuclide Release Rates less than 1.000e-25 Ci/yr (e.g. "0") or greater than 7.92e+28
are no longer allowed.
. A FORTRAN numerical solver is now used to calculate decay-in-flight and ground
build up concentrations for each sector. The time for decay in flight is calculated
using the annual Pasquill category-averaged wind speed for each direction.
Up to 500 radionuclides can be included in any case. The 500 limit includes both the
nuclides released by the stacks and their progeny.
- Whole body and organ dose and risk factors are from DCFPAK Version 2.2. The data
include six age groups; infant (100 days old), 1 year old, 5 years old, ten years old,
fifteen years old, and adult.
- Age-specific inhalation and ingestion data developed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency has been included for the above age groups.
. The FORTRAN computational code has been consolidated into one module and
variable names made consistent throughout the module. . Data transfer between the
routines was streamlined by the use of Include statements for COMMON block
variables.
. All nuclide-specific data are now stored in extensible Markup Language (XML)
format.
. All significant floating-point calculations have been moved to the FORTRAN routines,
greatly speeding up the code.
- The code uses the Intel FORTRAN Composer XE 11 compiler that permits many of
the calculations to be vectorized and multi-threaded to take advantage of these
capabilities in modern desktop processors.
- The bit-length of variables has been doubled, allowing much greater computational
ranges for cases with large or small release rates.
User Interface
- A traditional document-style interface has been designed, similar to major
applications with which users are already familiar. Users can more easily open, edit
and save datasets, population and wind files using the Windows menus and familiar
icons on the application bar.
- Dataset reports are now displayed in, and generated from, a Reports tab when the
dataset is opened. The code is now executed using the Report generation button
rather than a "Save and Close" button. The reports to be generated and viewed are
selectable from the Reports tab. The "Save and Close" button from Version 3 has
been removed.
- Multiple files (datasets, population files, wind files) can be open at once.
. When editing files, changes and errors are displayed in real time.
Editing of nuclides is clearer and easier. In-grid editing is allowed, but note that
fields are not recorded until the user clicks away from the field being edited. A Save
performed without first clicking away from a filed being edited will result in that
field's data not being saved.
- The application recognizes when a user is opening a version 3 file, and offers to
create a version 4 copy of the file.
. The general layout, look, and feel of the user interface are similar to that in earlier
versions of CAP88-PC in order to ease transition to CAP88-PC Version 4.
File Formats
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- The dataset file format changed in Version 4 from Version 3 to accommodate the
new requirements. The new dataset file format was documented both in the manual
and the on-line help files.
- Population and Wind files previously had extended values such as State and Census
stored in a Microsoft Access database. When migrating from version 3, this data—if
available—is stored in the dataset file itself. Doing so removed the need for an
external database, and allowed users to send their custom population/wind files with
the extended values intact. These changes were documented in the file format
description in the user manual and the on-line help files.
. Version 3 population and wind files could still be used in version 4 datasets.
Extended values are only added to the pop/wind files if they are edited to add them.
- The use of additional applications, such as Microsoft Access, to manage data was
eliminated in CAP88-PC Version 4. Radionuclide, agricultural, and other data
previously held in the Microsoft Access database is now in a more portable and more
easily accessible XML database.
Summary of Version 4.1 Changes from Version 4.0
Version 4.1 retains the major architectural, data handling, and user interface updates
introduced in Version 4.0. Version 4.1 also implements a new Wix installer technology that
enhances compatibility with Windows 10 and possible future Windows updates.
Specific changes from Version 4.0 visible to the user in Version 4.1 include:
User Interface
• Replaced the Print button on the Reports tab with one that opens the folder holding
the report files;
Modified some labels in hte user interface for clarity;
Improved capabilities for migrating datasets from previous versions of CAP88-PC
including automatic conversion of version 4.0 datasets to version 4.1.
Reports
' Modified some report headers for clarity;
. The Agricultural Data in the Synopsis report now prints the values used in the
calculation, which may have been adjusted by CAP88-PC from the input values.
Data
Updated the dose and risk coefficients from DCFPAK 2.2 to those in DCFPAK 3.02
provided by Oak Ridge;
- Dose and risk coefficient data was added for 151 more isotopes;
Risk coefficient data was added for more isotopes and forms beyond the additional
151;
Updated inhalation coefficients for radionuclides with special chemical forms such as
Iodine.
Error Handling
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CAP88-PC Versions 4.0 and 4.1 contain an internal error logging and tracking system. In the
case of internal code errors, the code will write errors to a file in the Message Log folder
located in the same folder set as the folder containing the datasets. Sending this file to the
EPA representative will facilitate troubleshooting.
Installation
Download Location
CAP88-PC 4.1 can be downloaded from the following EPA web site:
http://www.epa.aov/radiation/assessment/CAP88/index.html
System Requirements
. Windows 7
. Windows 8 and 8.1
. Windows 10
.NET Framework version 4 or later.
. CAP88-PC is written as a 32-bit x86 architecture application. The 32-bit version can
be run under 64-bit versions of Microsoft Windows 7, 8, 8.1, and 10.
Monitor resolutions of 1024x768 or higher
CAP88-PC 4.1 is not supported with Microsoft Windows operating system versions earlier
than those listed above. However, version 3 data files can be migrated to a new version 4.1
installation.
Installation Procedure
CAP88-PC 4.1 can be installed side-by-side with CAP88-PC 3 but should not be with Version
4.0. Version 4.1 is an in-place upgrade of version 4.0, and will automatically update Version
4.0 dataset, population or wind files upon use, but does not automatically update Version 3
dataset, population, or wind files upon use. Updating Version 3 files to Version 4.1 is done
using the Migration Utility that runs on first installation or on demand under the 'Tools' item
on the main menu bar. In some cases, the Migration Utility will fail because of a bug in the
Microsoft Access Database Engine installation needed to perform the direct V3-to-V4.1 data
migration. Special instructions for overcoming this problem are provided below and in the
Readme file that is part of the installation package. It is strongly recommended that you
upgrade your Version 3 installation to Version 4 using the Migration Utility, and then, after
confirming success, uninstall Version 3.
Procedure to Fix Migration Utility Failure Caused by Access Database Engine
Install Bug
On most systems, to run the migration utility in Version 4.1, the system must first have the
Access Database Engine installed. The V4.1 migration utility includes a button that will take
the user to the Microsoft page from where the Access database Engine can be downloaded.
Either (or both) 32/64-bit versions can be downloaded; the version you download and install
should correspond to the Microsoft Office installation on the system.
During installation of the Access Database Engine you may encounter an error stating that
the installation failed because there are 32-bit Office applications installed (if you are trying
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to install the 64-bit engine) or that you have 64-bit Office applications installed (if you are
trying to install the 32-bit engine). The source of this problem is that the Access Database
Engine installer may have installed both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the Office Click-
To-Run Extensibility Component.
To resolve this issue perform the following steps:
- Go to Start > Run (or Winkey + R) where the Winkey is the windows key on your
keyboard
- Type "installer" (doing so opens the %windir%installerfolder)
. Verify the folder settings are making all files visible
- Add the column "Subject" by a right-click on the column headers, click 'More", find
"Subject" and add it
NOTE: make the column "Subject" at least 400 pixels wide
Sort on the "Subject" column and scroll down until you find the name mentioned in
your error report, for example "Office 15 Click-to-Run Extensibility Component".
NOTE: The 64-bit version is shown as such in the name, the 32-bit version name
does not include the size
Right-click the MSI to be removed and choose uninstall
After removing the version blocking installation of the Access Database Engine, rerun the
migration utility.
General Installation Instructions
In general, it is recommended to uninstall previous CAP88-PC Version 4.0 and 4.1
installations prior to installing any updated version.
Download the installation file to a temporary folder, such as My
Documents\Downloads\CAP88-PC 4.1. Unzip the file into a folder.
Before running the installation program, it is highly recommended to examine the
README.txt file in the folder containing the unzipped installation program for information
supporting the installation process. After checking the README.txt file, begin the installation
process by double-clicking the executable file containing the program. It is recommended
that the installing user have Administrator rights on the local machine
The installation checks if .NET Framework 4 is installed. If not, it attempts to download and
install it. In some cases you may need to manually install it from the Microsoft web site.
Initial Setup Screen
The initial setup screen is shown below. Check the box agreeing to the license terms to
activate the Install button and proceed with the installation. The License Terms simply links
to the EPA web site.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 14 of 103
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JgJ CAP 88-PC 4 Setup
X
CAP88-PC 4
CAP88-PC 4 license terms.
I 11 agree to the license terms and conditions
Options ^Instaii Close
After clicking Install you will likely see a User Account Control screen asking if you will allow
the program to install. Verify the publisher is either Trinity Engineering Associates or USEPA
and then permit the installation by clicking Yes. You will then proceed through the
installation.
Click Next at the welcome window.
CAP88-PC 4.1
X
Welcome to the CAP88-PC 4.1 Setup Wizard
|«
The installer will guide you through the steps required to install CAP88-PC 4.1 on your computer.
WARNING: This computer program is protected by copyright law and international treaties.
Unauthorized duplication or distribution of this program, or any portion of it, may result in severe civil
or criminal penalties, and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under the law.
Cancel
| Next >
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 15 of 103
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The following screen selects the location for the CAP88-PC Version 4.1 program files
installation. This is not the location for the data files. Accepting the defaults is
recommended. However, you can change the installation location and the user security.
Please note that 64-bit versions of windows will default to "Program Files (x86)" instead of
"Program Files". Click Next when ready.
jg) CAP 33-PC 4.1 - X
Select Installation Folder
The installer will install CAP88-PC 4.1 to the following folder.
To install in this folder, click "Next". To install to a different folder, enter it below or click "Browse".
Folder:
jCAProgram Files (x36)\CAP88\CAP88-PC 4.1 \
Browse...
Install CAP8S-PC 4.1 for yourself, orfor anyone who uses this computer:
(Si'1 Everyone
1 ~1 Just me
Disk Cost...
Cancel < Back | Next >
Click Next to finish installation.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 16 of 103
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CAP38-PC 4.1
X
Confirm Installation
The installer is ready to install CAP88-PC 4.1 on your computer.
Click "Next" to start the installation.
Cancel
< Back
| Next > |
After the program files installation is complete, click Close to exit the installer. You can now
run CAP88-PC Version 4,1 to complete the data installation and, if a first run after
installation, will automatically launch the Migration Utility. The Migration Utility has two
functions; to migrate existing Version 3 data to Version 4.0 or 4.1, and to install the initial
set of program and user data. The Migration Utility must be run after an initial installation in
order to complete CAP88-PC setup.
First Run
The first time you run CAP88-PC Version 4.0 or 4.1 after installation a message will appear
noting that this is the First Run. Click OK to continue, which will open the Migration Utility.
The utility will be preset to upgrade from version 3 to version 4. Even if version 3 is not
installed, the migration folder must be run to populate the CAP88-PC V4.0 or V4.1 data
environment. A message window will inform the user of this need.
This is the first time CAP83-PC 4 is being run. A Migration utility will open to help
convert from version 3.
ED
Default Folders
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Page 17 of 103
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The default folder layout for CAP88-PC datasets, program data, and FORTRAN execution
files is shown below (this is for data files, not the program files already installed). This
structure is the recommended configuration. The user may change the location of the folder
set by specifying the location of the top-level folder (My Documents in the default setup)
but the sub-folder structure will remain the same. Note that My Documents (or just
Documents) is typically under the user's named folder in Windows, for example
c:\users\username by default in Windows 7, 8, and 10. Your IT system policies may change
the default location. After running the migration tool, it is also possible to change the
settings through tools->options. The migration utility may also be run manually from the
tools>options menu to migrate version 3 files or write the version 4.0 or 4.1 files into the
destination folders selected in the migration utility dialog.
My Documents
I_CAP88-PC
I_Datasets
I_Fortran
|_Message Log
|_Population Files
I Wind Files
Uninstallation
In order to prevent inadvertent deletion of datasets and results, the Uninstall process will
uninstall only those files that were installed in the CAP88-PC program files location. Any
extracted or created Population and Wind Files, as well as any Datasets and Report Files,
will not be deleted from the user's data location, nor from the program files location. These
other files must be manually deleted from the installed data folder structure. Uninstall is
best performed using the Add/Remove Programs option in the Windows Control Panel
(called Programs and Features in Windows 7 or under Settings -> Apps in Windows 10).
To perform a complete reinstall, delete or rename any existing CAP88-PC data folders.
Doing so will produce a first-time installation process when CAP88-PC V4.0 or V4.1 is re-
installed. The user can also manually initiate the first-time install process from the Tools
menu item by checking the "Is First Run" box under Tools->Options->Advanced.
Iii"."I ill Uiilii-
Tools > Migration Utility
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 18 of 103
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CAPSB-PC - [Migrate Files]
¦y File Tools Window Help
J'lJ'WR « w
O X
_ e x
This uttity migrates your 12/9/3007 and later Cap-SSv 3 dataset. population and wind fies
to the locations set below. ThefJes can also be upgraded to version 4 tomMls
Upgrading pop/wnd fies requires the veraon 3 database Ft Help tor more information.
Vewon 4 Migration/Destination Folders
DatSMl
C AUsessYwood '.Documents'CAP B8 '.Datasets
X
Population ]C:\Usere irwood \Docixnenta"'.CAPB8\Populatiorc Files
X
Wind |C:\Llsera wood .Documents\CAP88\Wrid Files
X
M Copy v4 default pop/wnd fies to destinations (no overwrite).
0 Copy Fortran Files lOvefwnte 'update wil occur)
Frid v3 Set database (datajndb) and source folclera from vera on 3
Download
mdb Driver
v3 Data/ndb
C.\UserPragrams'CAPB8-F'C30\Data\Data *ndb
... | | X
0 v3 Input Datasets
Location
C:\UserPro
-------
The Migration Utility also installs the standard datasets, population files, and wind files
supplied as part ofthe CAP88-PC V4.1 release package. The user can select how these
standard files get installed. By default, the standard data files supplied with the CAP88-PC
installation system are not written into the data folders if a migrated file ofthe same name
exists in the folder.
When first opened, the destination folders are set to match the folders selected in Tools-
>Options.
Version 4 Migration/Destination Folders
This section describes the process for selecting the migration utility input and output folder
locations for the dialog box shown above. Using this dialog box the user can choose the
location folders for the Version 4 Dataset files, the population files, and the wind files. The
folders will initially be set to the values from the Tools->Options dialog, or the Cap-88
Version 4 installation folder located in the User's "My Documents" folder structure.
Dataset Destination Folder
The target folder where the Version 4.1 dataset files will be placed. Click the [...] button to
select a folder using Windows Explorer. It is recommended to use the default locations
under the user's Windows User account folder.
Population Destination Folder
The population file destination folder. Click the [...] button to select a folder using Windows
Explorer.
Wind Destination Folder
The wind file destination folder. Click the [...] button to select a folder using Windows
Explorer.
Find Version 3 Sources
Clicking this button causes the utility to attempt to locate the version 3 data files for
migration. If not found, the user is prompted to specify the locations of the files to be
migrated.
Version 3 Data.mdb
This is the Microsoft Access data file (commonly named Data.mdb) used in version 3 to
store extended values for population and wind files. If available, it is used when upgrading
those files.
Copy Default Files
If checked, the default population and wind files are copied from the installation location to
the default folders.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 20 of 103
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Migrate v3 Datasets
If checked, the utility attempts to migrated datasets from the Data set Source folder to the
Dataset Destination folder, using the selected options.
Note that sample datasets from version 3 are not migrated. Instead, new versions have
been created.
Location
This is the folder that contains the version 3 datasets. Click the [...] button to select a folder
using Windows Explorer.
Include Dataset Sub-Folders
Check this box to include datasets in subfolders of the Dataset Source folder.
Upgrade Dataset Files
Check this box to upgrade datasets to version 4.1.
Overwrite Destination Dataset Files
Check this box to overwrite files in the Dataset Destination folder with files having matching
names from the Dataset Source folder. NOTE: If the user wishes to retain files in the target
folder that may be overwritten, then these files should be backed up by copying to another
location or renamed prior to migration.
Include Dataset Population and Wind Files
Check this box to migrate population and wind files used by the dataset. When migrating
pop/wind files:
1. The utility first checks if the user is also migrating population and wind files. If so,
and the file was in a corresponding Pop or Wind Source folder, the new file is created
in the proper Pop or Wind Destination folder.
2. If not migrating, or not found in the Pop/Wind Source folder, the utility checks if the
source file is in the same path as Dataset Source and, if so, creates the new file in
the same relative folder.
3. Finally, if neither of the above is true, the files are created in the same folder as the
dataset.
Upgrade Dataset Population and Wind Files
If checked, the utility will attempt to find the pop/wnd file's extended values from the
version 3 database, and write those values to the file. This option is disabled if the version 3
database hasn't been located.
Organize Dataset Files
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 21 of 103
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If checked, dataset files are organized according to the defaults.
Migrate Reports
If checked, the utility attempts to find and copy the dataset's reports. It looks in the
following locations, in order.
1. The V3 Output folder, which is the default location in version 3.
2. The Dataset Source folder.
Note: Reports are always copied to the same folder as the dataset.
V3 Reports
The location of the version 3 report (output) files.
Migrate V3 Population Files
If checked, the utility attempts to migrated population files from the Pod Source folder to
the Pod Destination folder, using the selected options.
Location
The folder that contains the version 3 population files. Click the [...] button to select a
folder.
Include Population Sub-Folders
Check this box to include population files in subfolders of the Pod Source folder.
Upgrade Population Files
Check the box to upgrade population files to version 4.1. The version 3 population files
being migrated will need to be in the standard format produced by the version 3 population
file editor in order to successfully migrate. Reading and parsing the files using the version 3
population file editor will verify the format. Additional notable format requirements: A space
must follow the $ in the first column of row 1. Lines 4 through 43 are right justified decimal
values in fields of width 10. The decimal point is the last character in the field and acts as a
delimiter. The final 10 lines should hold zero values in the same format as lines 4 to 43. For
more on the population file format please see Population File Format.
Overwrite Destination Population Files
Check this box to overwrite files in the Pop Destination folder with matching files from the
Pop Source folder.
Migrate V3 Wind Files
If checked, the utility attempts to migrated wind files from the Wind Source folder to the
Wind Destination folder, using the selected options.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 22 of 103
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Location
The folder that contains the V3 wind files. Click the [...] button to select a folder.
Include Wind Sub-Folders
Check this box to include wind files in subfolders of the Wind Source folder.
Upgrade Wind Files
Check this box to upgrade wind files to version 4.1.
Overwrite Destination Wind Files
Check this box to overwrite files in the Wind Destination folder with matching files from the
Wind Source folder.
Run
Click this button to run the migration.
Migration to Version 4.1 of the old Access database files used in Version 3 requires updated
versions of the Microsoft Access Database Engine. The Version 4.1 Migration Utility prompts
the user at this step to determine if downloading and installing these updated drivers is
necessary. If a previous Version 3 installation is not resident on the machine or if the user
decides no migration of version 3 data is necessary and de-selects the V3 data migration
option, then no V3-to-V4.1 migration will be performed. Downloading and installing
these drivers is not required, and not recommended, if no upgrade of Version 3
data is being performed as part of this V4.1 installation.
Some versions of the Access Database Engine downloaded from Microsoft may fail to
properly allow the Migration Utility to run. This is caused by a bug in the Access Database
Engine installer whereby it installs both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Proper operation
requires installation of only the version matching the installed version of Microsoft Office (32
or 64-bit). The procedure for resolving this problem is described in the Installation topic.
Stop
Click this button to stop a running migration.
Word Wrap
Check this box to wrap results text. Uncheck to show each message on its own line.
Results
This text box displays the results of the conversion. When a conversion is completed, the
results are written to a file located in the Message Logs folder. The file is named Migrate
Files [datetime].txt, where [datetime] is the date and time of the conversion in the ISO
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 23 of 103
-------
standard format YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS. Below are examples from the beginning and end of a
migration.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 24 of 103
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— IBS ill MIGRATION —
«^stefs
V3D*afcM»: ' C:\Pnsff*i^ffctC«sffl*.®«a#\0a»i*i5
lAgfiiis- Bit®®#®
D«tp«etO• ."•\'^',.30\&JpcJ;
0*8*1 Upgndte Rter T«
Cttaa* Upgrsete Pop Wm! fitasvftu»
OateM Ovaiwte B#>: ft#»
Owaiiil hctefe Pop Mnd fcTft*
Batumi Slgrta. Rnp«tr. Til*
Ortnel trd^ Sub Ftidere: Toe
j*«t; CAUMm\c^varia«\DacunMnt(\CAPSft^Dataa«to
Okbm Sewce; CAPHSflwa i^CAPW-FCXhDatttei*
»«.n, p__, ... -.-..a-i.-,-*"
Pop Include Sub FoM** Tm
n;sj: is-yefe Rfet' Tint
PtW Ovwwnta He»: Fate
Pee Maws**: €\lkmStMrnl&i'"€mmmt€K,%W-mMm Fie*
fepSnne: C:\fttJ0i* ffes^iS-K::**^
**tgraus wr@ hi© WSM?,
Wmi heM# &4> Fiibis: In*
Wnd Uogwtfe Fie*: T»«
fimi Qtmmrna He: Fate
Wind DMtnafen: C;\ite%isaJw\i3oa»arti''£AI»ia\W«l fit*
WMISmimt: C::VW»»F«e»W81-f*C®»indiA
ComOrfMHes: In*
j datMet Cf
IMassgt'i alp^ pop fit doasftt »ii' € ¦«
nbattelle.pop
Searthng for pop. fie m nine feWer is dataecc.
£RR; Pap- lis doosr>Y mat.
£m-Datwet's ortgraJ wttSBedMwt eri: C ^«.«.«*CWW«*a»l\W»DU8\HI21WflD
Montagus: cap»*» ffccwai-rcm^iwjaxsitoija.wKO
ffa Q*t0d:C:\U»8f»-\i*«!«»*'ftKij^s'£»«f\W«i Bw\STL06O3.WNO
i*sn*ii sir c \ftw» Fies'Cwii-paom'rfiifc^suoflaiftWKD
ffc B«»\SU0®31M!®
mmm «•: C:\PkAflSll.miO
llfitififfc C:\ftsgam B#iWII«3«\WinSt4}\TRI11liW«D
Fii waieij: 11 SI WMD
Hp** ffeC:\P»9Wf PI*'CI#»Pat',WWttmca8«..WMt5
m mdtM; R»VTV0WS4 WNO
llffMiig fte C:\ftagram ffci'«SS«,mWndlii WS1 ttft.WND
f*e ernmti: t:\ikmtM%^'.Oxmmts''C»mWria Ffe*\UCC1dl2S.WND
<*BH*na«r CV^WB FlasWIWCW-WWlA-X-WPWI WNO
ffc MNt CiUta^Ai'AjsMrts'CAPttWiKl .WNO
»%ifc9 ffc', C'.Vwflnm BteimPSS-PCmWWtt'smt&W.WlD
fife efMled: 'CWWWwl H»\YKM0484.WNO
No Dm wi b* ovcmrthan.
See Also Options
Dataset Folder Organization
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 25 of 103
-------
Pop/Wind Search Order
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 26 of 103
-------
Usage
Main Form
$ CAPSS-PC - C
File Jools Window Help
~ - - U H HI #
This is initial application view. It is a standard multi-document interface, with a menu and
toolbar.
Important note: if you begin editing a field in a form, the change is not persisted until you
click away from the field on the form itself. If the user clicks on a save button first, the in-
process edit will revert to the previous value.
Errors: If an error occurs that you would like technical help on, please click here for further
instructions
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 27 of 103
-------
The menu bar contains a 'Tools' dropdown that allows access to many special functions
including the ability manually run the Migration Utility, identify the location for installation
folders and data folders, and view data on the population and wind files. More information
on some of the funcitons within the 'Tools' menu bar selection are in
Options
Tools > Options
PopUation/Waid Res
Advanced
Gerard
Data-set fokjer (especially used by the Migrate Pfes tocfi
CAUs^\di^s\Doa*n^i^£AP8E\Datas«s
FORTRAN FoWw
C \UsersV^aries\0octjmerfa,CAP88\FQrtoaJi
OK J Caned
Dataset Folder Organization (Recommended)
Datasets are recommended to be put into their own folders. A dataset's reports are always
stored in the same folder as the dataset. The corresponding population and wind files should
be stored in the default Population and Wind folders.
Datasets
! _ModTest'l
I_ModTestl.dat
I_ModTest'l.SYN
i _ModTestl.WEA
IModTest2
!_ModTest2.dat
i ModTest2.CHI
Population and Wind File Search Order
A dataset's population and wind files should be located in one of two places:
< In the same folder as the dataset file, OR
- In the default folder set in Options
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 28 of 103
-------
The full path to these files is stored in the dataset. If a complete dataset (.dat, .pop, .vvnd,
and report files) needs to be opened on another machine, it's recommended that all related
files be kept in one folder. If this is done, then CAP88-PC wili find and use the correct files.
When opening a dataset that references population and wind files (and reports), the
program searches for the files in this order:
1. Exact path match
2. In the same folder as the dataset
3. In the user's default folder defined in their Options.
General
Dataset Folder
This is the folder for dataset files. The image shows the locations following a default
installation.
FORTRAN Folder
This folder contains the FORTRAN executable code. If the FORTRAN files are not seen in this
folder, or if a patch to the FORTRAN is released, the FORTRAN can be replaced or updated
using the Refresh Fortran button under Advanced. The FORTRAN code can also be run
manually from the command line.
See Also Dataset Reports
FORTRAN Executables
Population/Wind Files
General
Population and Wind files
The filename stored in the dataset ts searched for in enter
1) exact match, 2) same folder as dSaset.SJuserfoSdersssisniedbelow
All Wes wH be displff/ed alphabetical n the drop-down 1st.
Population/Wind
Advanced
Poptiabon C:\U5e»3\icha(le3\Dacumerts\CAP88\Pc(xJatton Fits
1/ hdwle suMolders
Wind C:\Use*s\chariesv>I)ocuiiertssJCAP8SsW¥id Fles [ ]
173 include sub-feWers
| OK | Cancri
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 29 of 103
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Population Files Folder
This folder contains the population files, Check "Include sub-folders" to include files in
folders below the main folder.
Wind Files Folder
This folder contains the wind files. Check "Include sub-folders" to include files in folders
below the main folder.
See Also Dataset Edit Population Tab
Dataset Edit Meteorological Tab
Population File List
Wind File List
Advanced
General
Popu'tetitsnAVirid files
Advanced
Advanced
Message Log C:\Users''j:hsfies1Xtoctn5efits''.CAPa}\Meseogs Logs
] Is fitsl Run
Refresh FORTRAN
Refredi Upgrade
Cheek this box if you want to re-furs the version 3 to 4 migration
using Migrate Files. The migration wil bs nil the next tine you
open the Migraion Utility, or you can dose/reopen CapSS
Copies the FORTRAN files tD the user's Fortran foider,
overwiRng Ihe erasing files.
Refreshes changes to the user s CAPSSPC folders matSe doting
the lasi upgade. Changes could irckjde new/modified sample
datasets and new default pop/wndfies The also refreshes the
FORTRAN files.
OK
][
Cancel
Message Log
This folder contains the error message log, and the First Run log. Error messages are in a
text file named Cap88v4Log.txt. The log contains the latest messages, and older messages
are deleted to make room for new ones. If you experience a problem, emailing a copy of
this log to support personnel may help troubleshoot the problem.
Is First Run
If checked, the application will execute its "First Run" utility, which sets default folders and
upgrades existing version 3 files. Only check this if you have backed up your files and are
aware of the risk of data loss should unexpected interruption occur during the file upgrade
process.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 30 of 103
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See Also Installation First Run
Refresh Fortran
Copies the FORTRAN files to the user's Fortran folder, overwriting the existing files.
Refresh Upgrade
Refreshes changes to the user's CAP88PC folders made during the last upgrade. Changes
could include new/modified sample datasets and new default pop/wnd files.This also
refreshes the FORTRAN files.
Data set
Dataset Open/New
File > Open > Dataset
File > New > Dataset
Window Help
y H
Open Dataset
To open an existing dataset:
1. Choose Open > Dataset, OR
2. Click the toolbar's Open icon. The default action is to open a dataset.
To create a new dataset:
1. Choose File > New > New Dataset, OR
2. Click the toolbar's New icon. The default action is to create a new dataset.
Dataset Edit
File > Open > Dataset
File > New > Dataset
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 31 of 103
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CAPSS-PC - [Dataset Edit - Modtest41.dat] — II
ar' file Tools Window Help
h I # |
[Dataset! Facility Population Meteorological Sources Agricultural Nuclides Reports
Dataset Version
4.1
Changes Last Saved 6/11 /2019 12:11:0C' P M
Reports Last Generated 6/11 /2Q19 12:12:00 PM
ERRORS
CHANGES
The dataset edit form is composed of multiple tabs. The Dataset tab, shown above, displays
last save arid report generation date times.
>NOTE: When entering or modifying data in a field within the CAP88-PC user
interface, the data is not retained in the form until the user clicks away from the
form field.
Changes Last Saved
The last date/time changes to the file were saved. The date/time doesn't update if the file is
saved with no changes.
Reports Last Generated
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 32 of 103
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The last date/time reports were generated.
Dataset Save
File Tools Window Help
: ~ m i# i
Dataset FJfalihr v Population Meteorological
1 Save V
Changes Last Saved 3/12/2012 4:31:00 PM
Reports Last Generated 3/22/2012 2:54:00 PM
To save a dataset, click File > Save, File > Save As, or the toolbar Save button. After
saving, the Dataset tab shows the last save datetime. This datetime only changes if the
dataset, itself, had changes.
A file cannot be saved if it has errors. Errors are displayed in the ERRORS status box, and
also next to the field(s) with errors, as shown below.
| Mseoraiogefll
AgnoAral Reports
Flea mtft * are in the wfe fohte as she dataset
He sisi*
COVINGTON,. ®£ATER CIKCI f
Annual Piecgtfabon
-1M
t-1"
Amuol Antwrt TertwnitW!
1000
| Anrajjl PrKiprtaOOrl must be gr«l« U'-ari or cqu*l to 0 J
Lrf Hsght
1M0.K!
ftxWt HuwJly
soo
ywreu'cu meter
ERRORS
CHANGES
Arentml P*ec^j*«tion mat He greater Hun or mumfr
f sciKyHame "HotScsl Neighl*', a nsw MKites! C»nyt>rr
AflfwaRecpMtmn v»ai'1D0.0ff, a now '-S Off
< ni
t
Important note: if you begin editing a field, the change is not recorded until you click away
from the field on the form itself, If the user clicks on the save button first, the in-process
edit will revert to the previous value.
Dataset Edit Facility Tab
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 33 of 103
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Dataset Facility Population Meteorological Sources Agricultural Nuclides Reports
Name
Address
City
Zip
Comments
CAPB8-PC Version 4.11
1111 Simulation Dr
Emission Year
Source Category
2015
Single Stack
Portsmouth
45111
{Note: State is found on the Agricultural tab)
Modtest problem
For Version 4.1 User Manual
ERRORS
CHANGES
The Facility tab is used to describe the facility arid time period to be modeled.
Address Information
The fields available for entering address information are: Name, Addressl, Address2, City
and Zip.
Note; State is found on the Agricultural tab.
Comments
There are two lines available for short comments.
Emission Year
The year emissions were recorded.
Source Category
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 34 of 103
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A text field used to store user-defined categories.
Dataset Edit Population Tab
Dataset Facility Population Meteorological Sources Agricultural Nuclides Reports
Run Type Population
Population Age
Adult
Files with ' are in the same folder as the dataset
Files with I are in a non-default folder
C :\Users \rvwood\One Drive''-.Documents 'CAP S8\Population Files '¦•ports .pop
Rle
ports
Portsmouth
Midpoints 10
1 -5
6-10
11-15
16-20
Maximum Exposed Individual
Direction auto Midpoint distance auto
Build up time 1 C'D
„ years
0 Create dose and risk summaries
0 Create dose and risk factors
0 Create concentration table
0 Create Chi/Q table
BOD
ERRORS
CHANGES
The Population tab is used to describe the population to be assessed and select optional
reports.
Run Type
A dataset either uses data from a population file by choosing "Population", or the user can
manually enter population data by choosing "Individual".
Population Age
Selects the specific age for which dosage information is reported. Values are:
- Infant (100 days)
• One (year)
Five (years)
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 35 of 103
-------
- Ten (years)
- Fifteen (years)
- Adult (20+ years)
File
If Run Type is "Population", this drop down is displayed, and lists the available population
files. If a file is in the same folder as the dataset, it's marked with an asterisk.
If a dataset is opened that has a reference to a file, but the file isn't found, the original path
and file name will show in ERRORS. This may happen if a dataset is opened on a computer
that's different from where it was created.
See Also Population and Wind File Search Order
Distances
Indicates the number of non-zero population distances in the Midpoints.
Midpoints
Displays the population mid point data derived from the population file, or entered by the
user if "Individual" is selected. If "Population" is selected, these fields are read-only.
The distances entered must be contiguous and ascending, that is, no cells can be skipped
and the midpoint distances must increase from left to right in each row.
A quick way to get a starting point for "Individual" mid points is to first set Run Type to
"Population", choose a file with data approximating what is needed, then change Run Type
to "Individual". The population files values will be retained, and can then be adjusted.
Maximum Exposed Individual
When Run Type is "Individual", the user can explicitly set the location of the maximum
exposed individual in the population area. This is done by unchecking "Auto-determine", and
selecting the Direction and Midpoint distance. If "Auto-determine" is checked, then CAP88-
PC will calculate the maximum exposed individual.
Build Up Time
The default value of 100 years is the value specified in the regulatory model for CAP88-PC
assessment (the NUREG 1.109 approach). Using a value other than 100 years in this field
will invalidate the run for compliance purposes. The option to change this field is provided
only to permit future use of the code for modeling, and to allow users to use CAP88-PC as a
means of generating decay sets for other purposes.
Report Selections
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 36 of 103
-------
Check which reports should be generated in addition to the Synopsis, General and Weather
reports.
Dataset Edit Meteorological Tab
DataseS
Facility Population piietecroiogiealSources Agricultural Nuclides Reports
Res ™th " are n the same fader as the dataset
files vnth ! are m a non-defaL* Meter
C:',-iJsere'''Chafles\DecumefitsxJCAPB8\Wnd Bes\93S14.WND
Be |53814
COVIHGTON/GREATER ClrvCI
Annual Precipitator!
90.00
cm/year
Annual Ambient Teffip^sture
12.00
Celsus
Lief Height
asooo
meters
Atraolute Humidity
7 55
grams/cu meter
File
This drop down displays the list of available wind files. If a file is in the same folder as the
dataset, it's marked with an asterisk.
If a dataset is opened that has a reference to a file, but the file isn't found, the original path
and file name wili show in ERRORS. This may happen if a dataset is opened on a computer
that's different from where it was created.
See Also Population and Wind File Search Order
Annual Precipitation
The average annual precipitation (in centimeters) at or near the site.
Annual Ambient Temperature
Average annual ambient temperature, in degrees Celsius, at or near the site.
Lid Height
The height of the tropospheric mixing layer (in meters) at or near the site.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 37 of 103
-------
Absolute Humidity
The absolute humidity (in grams / cubic meter) at or near the site. Typical values are from
3 grams/cu m to 20 grams/cu m.
Dataset Edit Sources Tab
Paasst Facilfy Population Meteorological | Sources Agricultural Nuclides Reports
Source Type
Sources
~ Hetghtfr)
1000
OaTreterrr:
1.00 [
soiree
Stack »]
1
1
Plune Type
Buoyant
Enter the heat release rade for each
1
~ cal/'sec
100
The Sources tab is used to identify the type of emitting source and the dimensions of each
emitting source being assessed. Stack and Area Sources cannot be mixed in a single
assessment. While up to six stack or area sources can be modeled, all the sources are
modeled as if located at the same point. The same plume rise mechanism (Buoyant,
Momentum, Fixed, or Zero) is used for each source. Also, area sources are treated as
uniform. Variation in radionuclide concentrations due to complex terrain cannot be modeled.
Errors arising from these assumptions will have a negligible effect for assessments where
the distance to exposed individuals is large compared to the stack height, area, or facility
size.
Source Type
The emitting sources must be identified as stacks (point) or area sources. While up to six
stack or area sources can be modeled, all the sources are modeled as if located at the same
point. The same plume rise mechanism (Buoyant, Momentum, Fixed, or Zero) is used for
each source. Also, area sources are treated as uniform.
Sources
Up to six emitting sources (stacks or areas) may be modeled. The fields for Height,
Diameter/Area, and Plume Rise Type (if Momentum or Buoyant) change as the number of
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 38 of 103
-------
emitting sources change, so select the number of sources before entering any associated
data.
Source Values
For each source, enter the Height (meters), and the Diameter (meters) or Area (meters
squared).
Plume Type
Select the Plume Rise Type for the dispersion modeling. The choices are Buoyant,
Momentum, Fixed, and Zero. The same plume rise mechanism is used for each source.
Plume Type Values
Enter the plume rise values for each type.
- Buoyant: heat release rate in calories/sec
Momentum: exit velocity in meters/sec
Fixed: plume rise in meters for each Pasquill Category
. None: zero is entered for each Pasquill Category
Dat;- -i I ••n - -ricultui -I ill -I,-
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 39 of 103
-------
Dataset Fsciity Population Meteoroiogical Sources [ Agriculture Nuclides Reports
Food Source Ultan
V&getsbte NWk Meat
Fraction boms produced
D.080D
O.OOQOj
0.0100
Fraction from assessment area
D.92t>D|
i.oom|
0.9900
Fraction imported
O.0OOa|
o.ooqqJ
0.0000
Agnculture State
OhK5
Beef cattle densiy 2.030e-0l B/ti32
Milk cattle density 4.560e-02 #Aia2
Land fraction oiivated for vegetables 1 7005-02
The Agricultural tab is used to enter agricultural factors that will be applied to the dispersion
data to estimate uptake of emitted radionuclides into the food chain.
Food Source
Selection of each EPA Food Source Scenario (Urban, Rural, Local, Regional, and Imported)
will result in different fractions that describe the fraction of Vegetable, Milk, and Meat
produced in the area, or imported to the area. The user may manually generate the food
source scenario by selecting the Entered scenario.
Food Source Fractions
The food source fractions are not editable unless the Entered scenario is selected, in which
case fractions must be entered by the user. The Entered fractions must total to 1.0 for each
column. CAP88-PC may recalculate the input food source fractions should the productivity of
the local or assessment area be insufficient to produce enough food to meet the population
times the consumption rates. The input food source fractions are printed in the General
report. The actual fractions used in the dose calculations are printed in the Synopsis report.
Agriculture State
Sample distributions of beef and milk cattle densities, and crop productivity, are provided by
EPA for the assessment area using average agricultural productivity data for each of the fifty
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 40 of 103
-------
states. Since data was not available for Alaska, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia, the
user must supply relevant agricultural data for these areas.
Beef Cattle Density
The beef cattle density for the assessment area.
Milk Cattle Density
The milk cattle density for the assessment area.
Land Fraction Cultivated for Vegetables
The crop productivity for the assessment area.
Dataset Edit Nuclides Tab
Datasel Facility Population Meteorological Sources Agncutoural Nuclides Reports
Decay Sep 31536000 seconds Chain Lefi^b maw
Released Nuclide Court 32 Total Nuclide Count 81
Adjust nuclide parameters, and enter release rates (cr/yeaejfor each source
Note. Nuclides wih no chemical form have no rtesnal ciose coefficiert.
Delete rows w/all 0 RR
Gin
Nuclide
Qiem ft™
Type
Sze
RR1
RR2
a
Rn-222
-
0....
V
I.OODe+OD
2.00&&+0y
0
Co-S0
Particulate -
M
0...
-
1.00Db»00
2 000e*00
0
M-W
Psrtaitete
M
10,
-
1 000e*00
20OGH3Q
0
M-55
Nickel Vapor
V
0..
I.OOQe+OD
2.000e*00
0
Ru-103
Particulate •»
M
1... *
1.000e*00
2.D0Ge*0Q
0
RU-103
Ruthenium V,,
V
0 .
1 000e+00
2 Q0Ge*Q0
0
Te-116
Particulate
M
1.._
*
l-KXtetOD
2-D00e-*-GQ
0
Te-116
Tellunum Va...
V *
0.... '
1.000e *00
2.000e*00
0
C-11
Particulate *"
M
1,.„
1 OOOe*GC
2 000**00
Ac-223 » Add
Remove selected row Remove
The Nuclides tab is used to select and describe characteristics of the radionuclides emitted
by each source.
Chain Length
Sets the maximum depth of the decayed chains used in the analysis. Setting to "max" uses
the complete chains. Changing this setting updates the Decayed Chains value
Radon Only
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 41 of 103
-------
This check box is only available if nuclide Rn-222 is the only nuclide in the list. Checking this
box causes CAP88-PC to produce "Radon-Only" reports.
Released Nuclide Count
The number of nuclides in the list.
Total Nuclide Count
The sum of the complete decay chain for each nuclide in the list, to the depth specified in
Chain Length. For example, if the Chain Length were "max", and the nuclides in the list
were Fe-60, Co-60m and Co-60, the Decayed Chains count would be 6: Fe-60 has three
nuclides in its chain, Co-60m has two, and Co-60 has one. Changing the Chain Length to 2
would reduce Decayed Chains to 5, because Fe-60 would only include its first two nuclides.
It is strongly recommended to use a Chain Length of 3 or higher.
Note that the maximum number of nuclides allowed depends on their decay chains and the
value selected for Chain Length. The maximum allowed Total Nuclide Count is 500.
Delete Rows w/AII 0 RR
CAP88-PC requires a row to have at least one non-zero release rate. In some cases, a user
may want to add only a few nuclides in a long chain. An easy way to accomplish this is to
add the complete chain, enter the release rates for the desired nuclides, and then use
"Delete Rows w/AII 0 RR" to remove the undesired nuclides, i.e. the ones where all release
rates are zero.
Add/Remove Nuclide
To add a nuclide, select it from the list and click the Add button. The user can type inside
the text box to find a nuclide in the list. If the nuclide is part of a chain, the user is
prompted whether to add the entire chain.
Nuclide Fe-60 is part of a chain. Add its daughers, too?
: Yes ; 1 Nc I Cancel
To remove a nuclide, place the cursor in its row and click the Remove button. If the nuclide
is part of a chain, the user is prompted whether to remove the entire chain. Note: If
removing a chain, the entire chain is removed, even if the nuclide is not at the top of the
chain. When prompted to remove a chain, the user can choose to only remove the selected
nuclide.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 42 of 103
-------
Nuclide Co-ffim it part of a chain, Remove the entile diamT > No' lemo/tijust [
the teiected nuclide. j
tei 1 . No ; Cancel ' "
Nuclides
The user can directly edit the properties for each nuclide in the grid. The "Chn" (chain id)
and "Nuclide" values are read-only. The editable properties are listed below. If a nuclide
does not have internal (ingestion/inhalation) dose coefficients, Chemical Form and Type will
be blank, and size will be zero.
See Decay Chains
Chem Form
The chemical form of the nuclide.
Type
The type of the nuclide's chemical form. If particulate, then this will be one of the FGR 13
types (F)ast, (M)edium or (S)low. If an inhalant, the type will be (G)as or (V)apor.
Size
If the chemical form is a particulate, the size can be any of the values 0.001, 0.003, 0.1,
0.3, 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 50, 100. If the chemical form is not a particulate, the size will be zero.
Release Rate
The release rate in Ci/year, corresponding to the source column in the Sources Tab. A value
must be at least 1.0e-25, but can't be greater than approximately 7.92e+28.
Data^flt E«Sifr F>wp -it 1 i
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 43 of 103
-------
& CAPSS-PC - [Dataset Edit - Modtest41.dat]
File lools Window Help
J * LJ - U H tik #
Dataset Facility Population Meteorological Sources Agricultural
Nuclides
Reports
Generate
View
Reports
To print reports, open in
your favorite text editor
Reports can take several minutes to generate
Synopsis i General Weather D/R Summaries D/R Factors Concentration Chi/Q
SYNOPSIS REPORT
Non-Radon Population Assessment
Wed Oct 23 13:52:37 2019
Facility: CAPS8-PC Version 4
Address: 1111 Simulation Dr
City: Portsmouth
State: OH Zip: 45111
ERRORS
CHANGES
The Reports tab is used to generate the assessment reports. CAP88-PC will always create
Synopsis, General and Weather reports. Which output reports to generate is selected in the
Population Tab.
Select option "Current" to print the currently displayed report. Select option "Selected" to
print one or more reports. Only checkboxes for available reports will be enabled.
Version 4.1 has removed the ability to print reports directly from the application interface.
Many printer drivers do not properly render the page feed in the report files, causing a print
error. The recommended approach is now to open the report files in any program that can
handle ASCII text files (most word processors and file editors) and print from that
application. The report files can be accessed using the "View Reports" button.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 44 of 103
-------
Reports cart only be generated if the dataset has no outstanding changes or errors. After
generation, the Reports Last Generated datetime will be updated, and the dataset will be
saved.
Population File
Population File List
Tools > Population File List
Ck& odLffin heads' M feW Dduble-etek raw 5o ciasn fi
RtM
Narr«
LDcabon
Qy
Sals
Latitude
Longtmie
Census
-
~
Wits LAS IOW
Prm Laboratory Ante* IA
420000
396000
1380
BATTELLE COL..
Satlele GdLmbu...
Cckir£u&
OH
39-9672
832500
1980
BETTIS ATOMIC
Settis H&sk Pa
WotMffln
PA
40 3605
79 8964
1S80
6ROOKHAVEN
firgckhavan Nab
Upton
NY
40 8708
72 8750
1980
OQSjEHRC
Dak fkfce Na»..7]
Oakftdje
TN
3S96S2
84 2IK
1960
p
FERM1LAB. BAT
ferrm Lab
Bittavia
IL
418500
K2542
1980
GE. KNOLLS AT
Po
WMtUtcn
NY
4310250
73 9139
1980
GE. KNOLLS AT
IKirwfe AttTiG Po..
Seherwctedy
NY
42.3230
73;66S3
1980
GE, KNOUSAT-.
Xnota Aon*: Po
Wrdscr
CT
418750
726875
1380
HANFORDHES
Harfcd Rwva
RcMjnd
WA
464333
119 5833
1380
I0AH0 GENERIC
Wahe Ntferal E..
Fi*l
ID
41 5792
112.S461
1980
LOVELACE BO
Ldvtiboe/Sanda
Atuqueique
NM
34991"
106.5375
1380
HOUND EACH T
Dayton
OH
356308
842880
1380
NEVEOATEST
Nevada T«t Si*
Mess**
NV
[37.1000 ~|
116 2000
1980
PADIXAH DffF..~|
Paducafa Gaseou
Pad>iah
KT
37.1313
888167
1980
PANTEXPt
Parte* Plart
Amwfe
TX
353408
101 5639
1380
PINELLAS PLW
PrwiatRart
Pruim
FL
27 8750
82 7542
1980
4 HI I-
The Population File List displays the population files located in the folder location selected
during installation in Options. The columns can be sorted both ascending and descending by
clicking on column headings.
To edit a file, double click on its row.
See Also Population File Edit
Options
Population and Wind File Search Order
Population File Edit
Access this function by drilling down the menus:
File > New > Population File
File > Open > Population File
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 45 of 103
-------
Lecjfcon CtttirieM Dnewn VMjet
Name
AMES LAB, IOWA STATE U
Locafcon
Ames laboratory
C*
Amw
Iowa * |
Uttude
42D00Q
93 6000
1980
Cammertj
-
Use this form to edit new or existing population files. Besides using the menu and toolbar,
Population Files can also be opened from Population File List.
See Also Population File List
Population File Format
Population File Edit Location Tab
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 46 of 103
-------
Lecjfcon CtttirieM Dnewn VMjet
Name
AMES LAB, IOWA STATE U
Locafcon
Ames laboratory
C*
Amw
Iowa * |
Uttude
42D00Q
93 6000
1980
Cammertj
-
Name
The source of the population.
Location*
The specific location for the population.
City*
The population city.
State*
The population state.
Latitude
The latitude of the population location.
Longitude
The longitude of the population location.
Census*
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 47 of 103
-------
The census year the population values were gathered.
Comments*
Other comments about the file. Note that manual line breaks will be converted to spaces.
*Note: The population file contains both standard and "extended" data. Extended fields are
only used and created by CAP88-PC, and are indicated with an asterisk.
See Also Population File Format
Population File Edit Distances Tab
Location
| Distances
Direction Values
' i
Distances 13 Only distances greater than 0 we saved
Distances
I-5
6-10
II-15
16-20
500.00
1000.00
2000.00
3000.00
4000.00
5000.00
1000000
20000.00
30000.00
40000.00
50000.00
60000.00
80000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
000
SMports £ead only, function of Distances)
I-5
6-10
II-15
15-20
250.00
750.00
1500.00
2500.00
3500.00
4500.00
7500.00
15000.00
25000.00
35000.00
45000.00
55000.00 70000.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
Use this tab to edit the distances used in the population file. CAP88-PC uses these values to
generate Midpoints.
Midpoints
Population midpoints are calculated as follows:
1. Add the distance to its preceding distance (zero, if calculating midpoint 1)
2. Divide by 2
For example, Midpoint 1 = (Distance 1 plus zero)/2, i.e. 250 = (500 + 0)/2. Midpoint 5 =
(Distance 5 + Distance 4)/2, i.e. 3500 = (4000 + 3000)/2.
See Also Population File Format
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 48 of 103
-------
Population File Edit Direction Values Tab
location Distances | Direction Values
500.0
1000.0
2000.0
3000.0
4000.0
5000.0
10000.0
20000.0
300 -
N
t
1331
1211
0
0
0
463
327^
NMW
0
0
D
0
8*67
3581
6328
1002
0
NW
0
0
0
784
2301
7543
35S1
51
102C
WWW
0
0
0
0
450'
6060
10153
452
135?
W
0
0
0
0
0
0
74
247
LI J
wsw
0
0
0
0
0
416
0
341
i2s:
sw
0
0
1415
0
0
0
551
453
2301
ssw
0
0
0
0
0
0
1250
1962
187s
s
0
0
0
0
0
0
375
2354
103f
SSE
•
0
0
43
0
0
0
111)1
1DG<
SE
0
0
0'
0
0
0
0
61
121f
esc
0
0
0
0
0
0
55
541
779
F
0
0
0
0
0
262
0
43S5
use '
4 ni »
Use this tab to enter the populations at specific distances and directions. Each row is a
direction, and each column is a distance specified in the Distances Tab.
See Also Population File Format
Wind File Wind
File List Tools >
Wind File List
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 49 of 103
-------
Ckk cofcjnrt hwcfer to sort Ooubi«-dN± ftnm opw ife n edcor
Rifrwh ]
Stdran Kara
Stic
LoUude
Lcn^ude
Tmelcne
Pa>xJ
A¥g Ten^s
~
ABILENE/MUNI..
TX
_| 32.*1?
99.683
6
1388.1383.1990...
17.68
AKRON/AKRON
QH
I <0.917
81 433
5
1S88.ISS3.1S90.
163
ALBANY
NY
a
0
5
1960*1964
0
ALBANY,¦G5UN...
Mr
1*2:75
73.S
5
1988.19S9.19M..
928
ALBUQUERQUE
NM
0
0
J
ISS0-1S6*
|0
ALBUQUERQUE
NM
35 05
106 «7
7
1SS8.13S3.19W..
1361
AUfNTOWN/B
PA
*0.65
75*33
5
1988.19S9.1990.
1133
ALMA
OA
fo
0
5
1954-19S8
o
ALPENA/PHELP
Ml
45.067
S3 567
5
1SS8.13S9.1930.
668
AWAfilLUO
TX
'o
0
S
1955-1%*
0
AHARlLUO/INT...
TX
j 15.23:3
1B1.7
6
19S8.SSS9.1990,
113.S7
ANCHORAGE.' .
AK
_J«1.!67
150 017
9
1S881989.1990.
2*5
APALACHCOIA
FL
29.733
85 033
5
1988,1989.1990.,
205
ABCATA/AWT
CA
j«0.3S3
12* 1
8
1988.19S9.1990,
110.*?
ASHEVSlLEvHE
NC
35433
82 55
5
1SS8.ISS9.1S90.
113 03
ASTOHIA'CLAT...
OR
46.15
123.883
8
1S88.tSS9.1990.
1065
4 H »
The Wind File List displays the wind files located in the default folder selected in Options.
The columns can be sorted both ascending and descending by clicking on the column
headings.
To edit a file, double click on its row.
See Also Wind File Edit
Options
Population and Wind File Search Order
Wind File Edit
File > Open > Wind File
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 50 of 103
-------
SMbnNna
fiste
iiwHucfcy
LsUixto
3905
Lmgtute
M.6S7
Ttot Zow
[s 3
R«e«J Perod
1983.198MS90Ll39t1392
Psnsd T«mp
12.41 CrtRM
Canflwta
Use this form to edit existing Wind files. Besides using the menu and toolbar, Wind Files can
also be opened from Wind File List.
Note: Unlike Population Files, Wind files cannot be created manually using the CAP88-PC
editor. They must be created using a separate text editor or by editing an existing file.
Note: The wind file contains both standard and "extended" data. Extended fields are only
used and created by CAP88-PC. All fields below are extended fields.
Station Name
The name of the weather collection stations.
State
The station's state.
Latitude
The station's latitude.
Longitude
The station's longitude.
Time Zone
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 51 of 103
-------
The station's time zone.
Record Period
The period reflected in the data file's values.
Avg. Period Temp
The average temperature for the Record Period, in degrees Celsius.
Comments
Other comments about the file. Note that manual line breaks will be converted to spaces.
See Also Wind File List
Wind File Format
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 52 of 103
-------
Reference
Data set File Format
Line and Col are both 1-based.
Each property is on its own line in most cases.
Decimal values are almost always scientific notation, 0.000e+00.
Lines with multiple columns are logical groupings, such as Plume values.
No wrapping of like columns, i.e. no 80-column limit.
. Column values are left-justified unless otherwise noted.
. Whenever possible, columns are length ten, or multiple of ten.
Field Purpose Line Col Len
Version
CAP88/file version major-minor, e.g. 4.1
1
1
var
Dataset FileNamePrefix
The dataset's file name without "dat",
includes trailing Used when naming
report files.
2
1
var
Last Change Date
date of last time Dataset info changed.
Format: mmm d, yyyy hh:mm am/pm
Jan 03, 2010 03:08 pm
3
1
var
Last Run Date
date of last time the Dataset had been
executed, i.e. output files generated
Format: mmm d, yyyy hh:mm am/pm
4
1
var
Facility
Facil
ty Name
Facility Name
5
1
var
Facil
ty Address 1
Address 1
6
1
var
Facil
ty Address 2
Address 2
7
1
var
Facil
ty City
City
8
1
var
Facil
ty Zip
Zip code
9
1
var
Source Category
The Source Category is for information
only. No particular category is enforced
at this time.
10
1
var
Emission Year
the year in which the radionuclide
emissions occurred
11
1
4
Comment 1
Comment 1
12
1
var
Comment 2
Comment 2
13
1
var
Population
Run Type
lndividual=0
Population=l
Right justified
14
1
var
Population File
Population file path and name
15
1
var
Population Age
String value:
Infant
One
Five
Ten
Fifteen
Adult
16
1
var
Build Up Time
In days,Integer
17
1
var
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 53 of 103
-------
Population Distance Count
(NRADS)
Population file's NRADS value (number
of distances) Integer
18
1
var
ILOC and JLOC are parameters used in
DARTAB to specify the maximum
exposed individual. They refer to
indexes that determine the direction
(ILOC) and distance (JLOC) to the
individual.
Max Exposed Direction
(HOC)
ILOC is 1 for North, 2 for North
Northwest, 3 for Northwest, etc. up to
16 for North Northeast.
19
1
var
JLOC is one for the first distance in the
specified Midpoint Distances array, 2 for
the second distance, etc.
Set ILOC and JLOC to 0 to let DARTAB
determine the distance and direction.
Either both ILOC and JLOC must be set,
or both must be 0.
Max Exposed Midpoint
(JLOC)
The 1-based midpoint
20
1
var
MIDPOINTS For 1 to 20
Midpointl
Integer
21
1
10
Midpoint2
Integer
21
11
10
Midpoint3
Integer
21
21
10
...Midpoint20
Integer
21
191
10
Create organ dose
summaries
True = T
False = F
22
1
10
Create dose and risk factors
True = T
False = F
22
11
10
Create concentration table
True = T
False = F
22
21
10
Create Chi/Q table table
True = T
False = F
22
31
10
Meteorological
Wind File
Wind file path and name
23
1
var
Annual Precipitation
The average annual precipitation (in
centimeters) at or near the site.
24
1
var
Annual Ambient
Temperature
Average annual ambient temperature in
degrees Celsius.
25
1
var
Lid Height
The height of the tropospheric mixing
layer (in meters) at or near the site.
26
1
var
Absolute Humidity
The absolute humidity (in grams / cubic
meter) at or near the site. This field
must contain a positive non-zero value.
Typical values are from 3 grams/cu m to
20 grams/cu m. The default is 8
grams/cu m.
27
1
var
Sources
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 54 of 103
-------
Source Type
Stack=
Area=
=0
1
28
1
var
Sources Count
Up to six (6) emitting sources (stacks or
areas) may be modeled.
29
1
var
SOURCE HEIGHTS For 1 to SourcesCount (x)
SourceHeightl
Scientific
30
1
10
SourceHeight2
Scientific
30
11
10
...SourceHeightX
Scientific
30
etc
10
SOURCE DEPTHS (DIAMETER OR AREA) For 1 to SourcesCount (x)
(Depth is "Diameter" if Type is Stack, or "Area" if Type is Area.)
SourceDepthl
Scientific
31
1
10
SourceDepth2
Scientific
31
11
10
SourceDepthX
Scientific
31
etc
10
Plume Type
Buoyant=0
Momentum=l
Fixed=2
32
1
var
None=
3
PLUME VALUES 1-7
PlumeValuel
Scient
fic
33
1
10
PlumeValue2
Scient
fic
33
11
10
PlumeValue3
Scient
fic
33
21
10
PlumeValue4
Scient
fic
33
31
10
PlumeValue5
Scient
fic
33
41
10
PlumeValue6
Scient
fic
33
51
10
PlumeValue7
Scient
fic
33
61
10
Agricultural
Text: 1
Urban", "Rural", "Local",
Food Source
"Regional", "Imported", "Entered"
34
1
var
Notes:
"entered" means the values were
manually entered.
Vegetable fraction home
produced
Format 0.00
35
1
10
Vegetable fraction from
assessment area
Format 0.00
35
11
10
Vegetable Fraction imported
Format 0.00
35
21
10
Milk fraction home produced
Format 0.00
36
1
10
Milk fraction from
assessment area
Format 0.00
36
11
10
Milk Fraction imported
Format 0.00
36
21
10
Meat fraction home
produced
Format 0.00
37
1
10
Meat fraction from
Format 0.00
37
11
10
assessment area
Meat Fraction imported
Format 0.00
37
21
10
Agriculture State
State. Abbreviation only
38
1
2
Beef cattle density
#/ha Format 0.000E-01
39
1
10
Milk cattle density
#/ha Format 0.000E-01
40
1
10
Vegetable cultivated land
fraction
Format 0.000E-01
41
1
10
Nuclides
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 55 of 103
-------
DecayStep
Integer, number of seconds (not used in
V4, kept for compatibility)
42
1
var
ChainLength
Integer
1 through 6, or 29 (max)
43
1
var
Radon Only Run
Allowed if Rn-222 is the only nuclide.
True = T
False = F
44
1
var
Nuclides Count
Integer
45
1
var
NUCLIDES For 1 to NuclideCount (x) (two nuclides shown)
NUCLIDEl
Chainldl
Integer, used to group nuclides
46
1
10
Namel
E.g. Rn-222
46
11
10
Forml
Chemical form, e.g. "Tritiated Water
Vapor" or "B" (blank)
46
21
40
Typel
E.g. F, M, S, V, G, B (blank)
46
61
10
Sizel
Decimal in format 000.0000, e.g.
0.0001, 10.0000, 300.0000
46
71
10
-—RELEASE RATES Nuclide!
, For 1 to SourceCount (y)
RR1
Scientific
46
81
10
RR2
Scientific
46
91
10
RRy
Scientific
46
etc
10
Age-Dependent Usage Rat
(a single row of age-specific c
es - Combined Genders
ata)
Total Vegetables
Integer
47
1
10
Total Diary
Integer
47
11
10
Total Milk
Integer
47
21
10
Total Meat
Integer
47
31
10
Drinking Water
Integer
47
41
10
Inhalation
Integer
47
51
10
Decay Chains
Each user-selected nuclide has its complete chain written out. For the parent, the user's
settings (chem form, type, size) are used for coefficients. For daughters, the nuclide's
defaults are used.
NOTE: If Radon Only = True, then only the parent nuclide is written, i.e. Rn-222.
Dose Organs
The organ names that correspond to the
dose coefficients. Each column left
justified.
48
1-x
10
Risk Organs
The organ names that correspond to risk
coefficients. Each column left justified.
49
1-x
10
For each user-selected nuclide (1 to NuclideCount)
Chain Count
The number of nuclides in this nuclide's
chain. If Radon Only, then this value is
always 1.
50
1
var
For each nuclide in chain (parent and daughters) :
NUCLIDE ATTRIBUTES
All numeric values are in Scientific
Name
String
51
1
10
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 56 of 103
-------
Default Chemical Form
Chemical form, e.g. "Tritiated Water
Vapor" or "B" (blank)
51
11
40
Default Inhalation Type
E.g. F, M, S, V, G, B (blank)
51
51
10
Default Size
Decimal in format 000.0000, e.g.
0.0001, 10.0000, 300.0000
51
61
10
HalfLife
In Seconds
51
71
10
Deposition Velocity
51
81
10
Scavenging Coefficient
51
91
10
Surface Removal Rate
Constant
51
101
10
Default Inhalation
51
111
10
GI Ingestion
51
121
10
BeefXfer
51
131
10
MilkXfer
51
141
10
VegetableXfer
51
151
10
ForageXfer
51
161
10
Format Scientific.
1-dimensional 30-element array, which
is the branching coefficient row for this
daughter. Consider the whole chain as a
two-dimensional array of 1 to 30 items,
with nuclides down the left, and the
same nuclides across the top.
Each element in the array is the
percentage decay from the parent. If no
value, then zero is stored. For example:
Branching Coefficients
Sc-44m is the parent. It has one
daugher, Sc-44. The branching
coefficients for Sc-44m would be all
zeros, because it's the parent:
0 0 0 0 0...
The branching coefficients for Sc-44
would be:
9.880E-01 0 0 0 0 ...
This indicates that Sc-44 decays 9.880e-
01 % from nuclide 1, which is Sc-44m.
52
1-
301
10
Dose Ingestion Coefficients
For each organ
53
1-x
10
Dose Inhalation Coefficients
For each organ
54
1-x
10
Dose Air Coefficients
For each organ
55
1-x
10
Dose Ground Coefficients
For each organ
56
1-x
10
Risk Ingestion Coefficients
For each organ
57
1-x
10
Risk Inhalation Coefficients
For each organ
58
1-x
10
Risk Air Coefficients
For each organ
59
1-x
10
Risk Ground Coefficients
For each organ
60
1-x
10
Quick Reference
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 57 of 103
-------
Below is a simple, rough view of the dataset format.
Version
Dataset Filename
Last Change Datetime
Last Run Datetime
Facility Name
Address1
Address2
City Zip
Category
Emission Year
Comment1
Comment2
Run Type
Population Filename
Population Age
Buildup Time
Distance Count
Max Exposed Direction
Max Exposed Midpoint
Midpoints
ReportSummary ReportFactors RepConcentrations ReportChiQ
Wind Filename
Annual Precipitation
Annual Temp Lid
Height Absolute
Humidity Source
Type
Source Count
Source Heights
Source Depths
Plume Type
Plume Values
Food Source
Veg fractions
Milk fractions
Meat fractions
Agri State
Beef Density
Milk Density
Veg Fraction
Decay Step
Chain Length
Radon Only
Nuclide Count
Nuclides
(Chainld Name Form Type Size RR1-6)
(Chainld Name Form Type Size RR1-6)
etc.
[AGE-DEPENDENT USAGE RATES]
TotVeg TotDairy TotMilk TotMeat Water Inhalation
[DECAY CHAINS]
Dose organ list
Risk organ list
For each user-selected nuclide:
Decay Chain Count
For each nuclide in chain:
(Line 1, nuclide info)
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 58 of 103
-------
Name, Chem Form, Type, Size, Half Life, Deposition Velocity, Scavenging
Coefficient,
Surface Removal Rate Constant, Default Inhalation, GI Ingestion,
BeefXfer, MilkXfer, VegetableXfer, ForageXfer
(Line 2, branching coefficients)
1x30 array, each element is the fraction decay from a parent nuclide
Line
3
Dose
Ingestion
Line
4
Dose
Inhalation
Line
5
Dose
Air
Line
6
Dose
Ground
Line
7
Risk
Ingestion
Line
8
Risk
Inhalation
Line
9
Risk
Air
LinelO
Risk
Ground
Oat
Purpose Of Default Value
The DEFAULT.DAT file contains various types of default data for CAP88-PC. The file is
divided into two segments. The first segment contains default values that can, with great
caution, be changed by the user. The second segment contains permanent defaults which
are values that must never be changed by the user since any changes would corrupt the
assessments.
User Changeable Defaults
The defaults contained in the DEFAULT.DAT file for meteorological data, inhalation and
ingestion rates, water use and agricultural productivity are the values approved by EPA to
demonstrate compliance as required by 40 CFR 61.93(a).
CAUTION: Any modification to the DEFAULT.DAT file must be approved by EPA if
the modified parameters are used to demonstrate compliance per 40 CFR
61.93(a), or any other NESHAP section which requires the use of CAP88 for
regulatory purposes.
There may be users who, in rare instances, might need to change one or more of these
values for a specific purpose. The user, however, should be fully aware that these values
must only be changed when and if the user fully understands the full impact that the
change(s) will have upon the assessments run with the user specified values.
CAUTION: If any of these values are changed without full knowledge of the impact
of the change(s), the resulting assessments could be invalid for the intended
purpose.
Permanent Defaults
The default values found in the second segment of the file contains defaults that must not
be changed by the user. These values are contained in the DEFAULT.DAT file so that if
directed by EPA, applicable defaults can be easily changed within this file and promptly
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 59 of 103
-------
disseminated to all users. This will preclude the necessity of modifying program code and
disseminating new executable programs.
Changeable Defaults
Variable Names and Descriptions
The following is a list of variable names whose values can be changed by the user. Also
included are their units of measure, default values and a brief description. The variable
names here will match the names you will see in the DEFAULT.DAT file. They are grouped in
categories such as meteorological, agricultural, etc.
VARIABLE
UNITS
DEFAULT
DESCRIPTION
TG
°K/m
.0728
Vertical temperature gradient for
.1090
Pasquill categories E, F,
.1455
and G (three element array)
DILFAC
cm
1.0
Depth of water for dilution for water immersion
doses
USEFAC
0.0
Fraction of time spent swimming
HOC
0
Direction index of the single location used for
individual calculations
JLOC
0
Distance index of the single location used for
individual calculations
PLOC
100.0
The percentile of the total risk to use in choosing
the location for the exposure array used for the
individual tables. When ILOC and JLOC are both 0,
PLOC is used.
GSCFAC
0.5
A scaling factor used to correct ground surface
dose factors for surface roughness
Default Rates
BRTHRT
cm3/hr
5.26E+03
Inhalation rate of man
DDI
0.5
Fraction of radioactivity retained on leafy
vegetables and produce after washing
UF
kg/yr
84.0
Ingestion rate of meat by man
UL
kg/yr
7.79
Ingestion rate of leafy vegetables by man
UM
liter/yr
53.0
Ingestion rate of milk by man
UV
kg/yr
76.2
Ingestion rate of produce by man
Agricultural Defaults
FSUBG
1.0
Fraction of produce ingested grown in garden of
interest
FSUBL
1.0
Fraction of leafy vegetables grown in garden of
interest
FSUBP
0.4
Fraction of year animals graze on pasture
FSUBS
0.43
Fraction of daily feed that is pasture grass when
animal grazes on pasture
LAMW
hr1
2.9E-3
Removal rate constant for physical loss by
weathering
MSUBB
kg
200.0
Muscle mass of animal at slaughter
P
kg/m2
215.0
Effective surface density of soil, dry weight
(assumes 15 cm plow layer)
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 60 of 103
-------
VARIABLE
UNITS
DEFAULT
DESCRIPTION
QSUBF
kg/day
15.6
Consumption rate of contaminated feed or forage
by an animal (dry weight)
R1
0.57
Fallout interception fraction-pasture
R2
0.2
Fallout interception fraction-vegetables
TAUBEF
3.81E-3
Fraction of animal herd slaughtered per day
TSUBE1
hr
720.0
Period of exposure during growing season-
pasture grass
TSUBE2
hr
1440.0
Period of exposure during growing season—crops
or leafy vegetables
TSUBF
day
2.0
Transport time: animal feed-milk-man
TSUBH1
hr
0.0
Time delay—ingestion of pasture grass by animals
TSUBH2
hr
2160.0
Time delay—ingestion of stored feed by animals
TSUBH3
hr
336.0
Time delay—ingestion of leafy vegetables by man
TSUBH4
hr
336.0
Time delay—ingestion of produce by man
TSUBS
day
20.0
Average time from slaughter of meat animal to
consumption
VSUBM
liter/day
11.0
Milk production of cow
YSUBV1
kg/m2
0.28
Agricultural productivity by unit area (grass-cow-
milk-man pathway)
YSUBV2
kg/m2
0.716
Agricultural productivity by unit area (produce or
leafy vegetables ingested by man)
TSUBB
yr
100.0
Period of long-term buildup for activity in soil
Changing Default Values
The DEFAULT.DAT file is located in the CAP88PC directory of the drive you have chosen to
load the system on. Go to this directory. Before you change anything in this file, you may
want to make a copy of the original DEFAULT.DAT file giving it a different extension or save
it on a floppy disk so that it can be easily retrieved.
Access DEFAULT.DAT (an ASCII file) using a word processor or a text editor. Find the
variable name whose value you want to change and simply replace the default value with
the value you want to use. The following are some conditions the user needs to be aware of.
- Additional digits can be included, exponential notation can be used in place of
decimal numbers and decimal numbers can replace exponential notation. Integer
values should remain integers.
Do not delete any variables. The program will not abort but either zero or some
unpredictable value will be used which will invalidate the assessment results.
Do not move the variables around. They must remain in the original order and
category. Each category begins with an Ampersand (&) followed by four or more
descriptive characters. Each category ends with &END. The &END must follow the
last variable in the category or be on a line by itself immediately following the last
variable.
- The beginning of a category must be at the beginning of a line and there must be
one or more spaces separating it from the first variable in the category.
Do not change the order or delete any of the categories. If the order is changed or
any category is eliminated the CAP88-PC system will abort and/or produce totally
invalid assessment results.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 61 of 103
-------
- Additional lines can be added and variables moved from one line to another as long
as the order of the variables does not change.
. There is no required number of spaces between variables but the variables must be
separated by commas. A comma is not required between the last variable in a
category and &END.
Be sure not to eliminate the equal (=) sign between the variable and the value or
values in the case of an array. The variable TG is a three element array; therefore,
TG is followed by a single = sign which is then followed by three values separated by
commas. TG(1) will contain .0728, TG(2) and TG(3) will contain the next two values
respectively. If any or all of these values should ever be changed, be sure the values
are entered in the correct order.
- Change only the variables listed in 10.2.1 (Variable Names and Descriptions). Do not
alter in any way the variables and values in the categories that follow the &.INPUT
category.
Save the user altered file into DEFAULT.DAT after making sure that you have saved the
original DEFAULT.DAT so that it will not be destroyed by your altered file. The new file is
then ready to be used with the CAP88-PC System.
Restoring DEFAULT.DAT Values
When an assessment is executed The DEFAULT.DAT file is checked for changes. If changes
have been made to defaults listed in Section 10.2.1, the changes will be printed to the
screen as shown in the figure below.
WARNING !
The Following Default Values Have Been Changed,
DO NOT USE these changes unless you fully understand
the EFFECTS of these Changes:
These changes CANNOT BE USED to demonstrate compliance
per 40 CFR 61.93 unless specifically approved by EPA.
Inhalation Rate of Man
Changed From: 9.1670E+05
To: 8.5300E+05
Resetting of individual defaults cannot be done here.
CHANGE ALL DEFAULTS Back to their Original Values?
Y/N:
The changes shown will include the description, the original default value and the user
specified value. After all changes have been printed to the screen, the user is given the
opportunity to reset all defaults back to their original values with a response of Y or N. It is
not possible to reset individual values at this point. Individual changes can only be made
directly by accessing the DEFAULT.DAT file using a text editor or word processor as
described in Section 10.2.2.
If the user elects to have all defaults reset, all defaults will be overwritten with the original
defaults. The overwritten DEFAULT.DAT file will look a little different from the original file;
however, the only actual difference will be the spacing of the variables. The variable names
and values will be closer together using fewer lines.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 62 of 103
-------
Alternative DEFAULT.DATFiles
The user may want to create alternative default files with user specified values. Before
initiating the CAP88-PC system the user would copy the default file they need for a given
run into DEFAULT.DAT.
WARNING: CAP88-PC must have a DEFAULT.DAT file available in order for it to run.
It is not possible to alter any of the specified default values once CAP88-PC has been
initiated except to reset all defaults to their original values. Therefore, when a user needs
alternative default values it is the user's responsibility to assure that the appropriate
alternative DEFAULT.DAT file is available when CAP88-PC is initiated.
When a DEFAULT.DAT file containing user altered default values is used, there will be a
CAUTION message on the beginning page of the SYNOPSIS Report stating that defaults
have been changed. The specific changes will be listed on the following page including the
default description, the original default value, and the user specified value. This will alert
the originators and anyone using the outputs that defaults have been changed and what
changes have been made.
PERMANENT DEFAULTS
The DEFAULT.DAT file contains defaults that must not be changed by the user. All defaults
beginning with &ORGAN through the end of the file must contain the original default values
which can only be changed at the direction of EPA.
Permanent Defaults that MUST NOT BE ALTERED by the user
have been changed. They will be RESET to prevent CAP8 8-PC
from producing invalid results.
If any of the permanent defaults are changed, except at the direction of EPA, the CAP88-PC
system will detect those changes and reset them to their original values. In this case, a
message similar to the one shown above will be printed to the screen informing the user
that these permanent defaults have been reset. If the user has changed default values
defined as changeable by the user, the system will not reset those user changeable values
except at the direction of the user.
P o p ulati c ¦« in IF i I * F-"« i" m »t
Starting with CAP88-PC Version 4, extended data is included in the file. This data was
previously stored in a separate database, preventing portability. All extended data is at the
end of the file, after an "extended data" line. The format for the data is Setting=Value.
Users are encouraged to use site-specific population arrays with CAP88-PC. Users who have
been operating the CAP88 mainframe software may download their population files for use
on the CAP88-PC system. They must be in the same format as the following file. However,
extended values are not required.
It is critical that all information be in the same exact locations with the "$" sign being in the
first column of the first row of the file.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 63 of 103
-------
The population file name, latitude, and longitude on row 1 are information only for the
purpose of verifying that the file desired is the file the user has selected.
NRADS is the number of distances within the population file. The value associated with
NRADS must be in columns 68 and 69 of row 1 of the population file and the last digit must
always found column 69 (right justified).
Distances begin in row 2 and all numbers are right justified. The number of distances found
in the file will be the number specified by NRAD. The distances are edge points of each
sector (the Midpoints used in by CAP88 are calculated by the program) and are entered in
the population file in kilometers. The CAP88 programs will multiply each distance by 1000
before calculating the midpoints and using them in the assessment. For example, the first
distance in the file, .62 kilometers, will become 620 meters and the midpoint calculated
from that will be 310 meters. There can be up to 20 distances, but the typical number of
distances is 13.
The population values are entered with distances across (columns) and directions down
(rows); however, each row will not be a new direction. There will be 20 distances for each
direction (regardless of the number of distances specified in the population file). The extra
distances (usually 7) will simply contain zero. There will always be 8 population values per
row with the first value ending at column 10 and each subsequent value ending at multiples
of 10 with the last value per row ending in column 80. This means that for the direction N,
the population values will be contained on the first, second and part of the third row of the
distance-direction population values. The first population value for the next direction, NNW,
will be contained in columns 41 through 50 of the third row and subsequent values for
direction NNW will be contained on the remaining part of the third row, the fourth and part
of the fifth row. There are 16 directions in counterclockwise order starting with North.
Sample Population File
The following is the population file Battelle.POP used in the CAP88Def41 sample
assessment.
$ BATTELLE COLUMBUS LAT= 39.9672 LON= 83.2500 NSEC=16 NRADS=13
0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60. 0
80.0
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2705 .
2641.
3331.
3552 .
5411.
55579.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2333.
11675.
2212 .
3061.
7065 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
3071.
1287.
2055.
1782 .
5763.
24201.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1033.
3288 .
1529.
13828 .
2949.
9707.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
717.
1020.
4615 .
1333.
90022 .
26249.
79387.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
797.
5611.
3905 .
0.
861.
12543.
176422.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2602 .
0.
573.
1137.
328 .
710.
3812 .
6853.
16705.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2046.
0.
320.
1656.
1642 .
976.
8788 .
10199.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 64 of 103
-------
11921. 0
0. 0
2807. 2199
0. 0
0. 0
44798. 0
0. 0
8271. 6486
0. 0
0. 0
42086. 0
0. 0
204255. 100483
0. 0
0. 0
20086. 0
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34864. 9203
0. 0
0. 0
17946. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
extended data
Location=Battelle Columbus
City=Columbus
State=OH
Census=1980
Comments=
0
0
2176
0
55
0
0
11446
0
4312
0
0
18087
0
677
0
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6955
0
2458
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2809
0
6325
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55327
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177302
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2559
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18070
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47221
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12434
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854
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1608
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5592
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22041
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84555
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9908
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20317
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0
5086
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Laboratory
Wind File Format
Starting with CAP88-PC Version 4, extended data is included in the file. This data was
previously stored in a separate database, preventing portability. All extended data is at the
end of the file, after an "extended data" line. The format for the data is Setting=Value.
Other than the extended data, the wind file format is not fully documented at this time.
Known formatting is as follows:
Item Description Line Col Len
Magic
Number
Indicates this is a wind file. The three characters are ASCII
hexadecimal values 01, 02 and 03, with no spaces in between.
1
1
3
Sample Wind File
Below is the data found in file 03160.wnd. Note that the "magic number" on line one may
not show any characters, depending on how you're viewing the documentation.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 65 of 103
-------
4.27363
0.05900.01810.03940.07870.08100.0 6820.12380.095 40.0 6090.02820.02530.02410.03750.0 63 60.
10320.0936
1.33
1.11
1.27
1.15
1. 08
1.35
1.36
1.50
1.13
1.25
1. 47
1.10
1.25
1.36
1.41
1.45
1. 47
1.33
1.25
1.38
1.25
1.39
1.33
1.50
1. 45
1.24
1.34
1.23
1.51
1.71
1. 85
1.62
3.12
2.18
2. 68
2 . 64
2.24
2.51
3.28
3.07
2. 65
1.92
1. 91
2.00
2. 68
3.66
4.09
4.17
6. 07
3.43
4.29
4 .77
4.19
4 . 69
6. 02
5.91
4. 68
3.68
3.25
3.42
3. 87
5.17
6.15
6.89
3. 61
3.13
3.22
3.49
3.34
3.52
3. 82
3.78
3.34
3.28
3.10
3.18
3.39
3.70
3.89
3.81
1.26
1.24
1.26
1.39
1.38
1.38
1.40
1.43
1.34
1.35
1.14
1.17
1.28
1.36
1.37
1.20
o
o
o
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
1. 85
1.56
1.78
1.62
1.50
1.87
1.88
2.02
1.59
1.76
1. 99
1.53
1.75
1.89
1. 94
1.97
2.32
2.16
2.04
2.30
2.00
2.22
2.05
2.47
2.27
1.97
2.08
1.91
2.33
2 . 67
2.80
2.59
4.92
3.23
3. 66
3.84
3.39
3.44
4.17
4.12
3. 67
2.88
2.78
2.84
3.58
4 . 66
5.45
5 . 69
7.10
4.59
5.22
5.56
5.30
5.76
6. 61
6. 68
6. 01
5.20
4.81
4 . 64
5.00
5.99
6. 97
7.68
3. 83
3.35
3. 45
3.72
3.57
3.75
4.00
3.97
3.58
3.52
3.32
3.41
3. 63
3.91
4.05
4.00
1.77
1.74
1.76
1.91
1. 90
1.90
1. 93
1.96
1. 87
1.87
1. 60
1.65
1.79
1.88
1.89
1.68
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0.
.0147
0.
.0903
0.
.1610
0.
.4659
0.
.1289
0.
.1392
0.
.0000
0.
.0177
0.
.1546
0.
.1866
0.
.2087
0.
.1160
0.
.3164
0.
.0000
0.
.0041
0.
.0921
0.
.1707
0.
.3293
0.
.1347
0.
.2692
0.
.0000
0.
.0048
0.
.0441
0.
.0980
0.
.3522
0.
.1750
0.
.3258
0.
.0000
0.
.0064
0.
.0468
0.
.0757
0.
.2085
0.
.1890
0.
.4736
0.
.0000
0.
.0072
0.
.0419
0.
.0629
0.
.2029
0.
.2365
0.
.4486
0.
.0000
0.
.0021
0.
.0247
0.
.0604
0.
.4410
0.
.2253
0.
.2465
0.
.0000
0.
.0024
0.
.0343
0.
.0926
0.
.4362
0.
.1943
0.
.2402
0.
.0000
0.
.0076
0.
.0765
0.
.1248
0.
.2351
0.
.1912
0.
.3649
0.
.0000
0.
.0149
0.
.1377
0.
.1360
0.
.2001
0.
.1512
0.
.3601
0.
.0000
0.
.0269
0.
.1766
0.
.1797
0.
.1971
0.
.1342
0.
.2854
0.
.0000
0.
.0295
0.
.2431
0.
.2003
0.
.1816
0.
.1222
0.
.2232
0.
.0000
0.
.0181
0.
.2258
0.
.2490
0.
.2474
0.
.1017
0.
.1580
0.
.0000
0.
.0157
0.
.1323
0.
.2612
0.
.3845
0.
.1053
0.
.1009
0.
.0000
0.
.0069
0.
.0772
0.
.2351
0.
.5318
0.
.0916
0.
.0574
0.
.0000
0.
.0051
0.
.0742
0.
.1790
0.
. 6065
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.0828
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.0525
0.
.0000
extended data
StationName=DESERT ROCK
State=NV
Latitude=36.617
Longitude=116.017
TimeZone=8
RecordPeriod=1988,1989,1990,1991,1992
AveragePeriodTemperature=17.64
Comments=
Architectur hematical Models
The purpose of this chapter is to present the code architecture, mathematical models, and
equations used in CAP88-PC for environmental transport and estimation of dose and risk. In
order to facilitate comparison of the programs with the theoretical model by interested
users, the actual variable names used in the CAP88-PC FORTRAN code have been included
in brackets, where applicable, following the explanation of the mathematical symbols used
in the formulas.
Overall Code Architecture
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 66 of 103
-------
The architecture of CAP88-PC was significantly modified in version 4.0 from Version 3. Many
changes to the input dataset and output report file locations and file access methods were
changed from version 3 in order to accommodate the stricter security policies built into the
Windows Operating Systems after Windows XP Service Pack 3. The overall code
architecture, with updates for version 4 in the callouts, is shown in the following diagram:
All data calling and
forrnattmg is ngw dene by
the user interface layer
new PGR-13 tfMl
User interface and file
marta^ement sywern now in
, WT ofld XML, Input and Output
files are now placed tn case*
specific sufatoJtfers in the user's
account fewer
Stored cases
User Screens
Case Output files
[nput.dat new contains all
case-specific data, including
the age-specif*: de»e factor*
lnput.dat file
User irritate
calls
FORTRAN
program
Updated calls and
FORTRAN compiler system
updates to better support new
processors and operating
systems
SUBROUTINE
AIRDOS
Solves the Nn&ce>d
equations for decay in /
flight and ground
buildup
I Update--
[Reads case €tata from input.dat
Version 4.1 has not midified the architectural changes introduced in Version 4.0.
Environmental Transport
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 67 of 103
-------
CAP88-PC incorporates a modified version of the AIRDOS-EPA (Mo79) program to calculate
environmental transport. Relevant portions of this document are reproduced here, as
referenced.
Plume Rise
CAP88-PC calculates plume rise in the subroutine CONCEN using either Rupp's equation
(Ru48) for momentum dominated plume rise, or Briggs' equations (Br69) for hot buoyant
plumes (Mo79). CAP88-PC also accepts user-supplied values for plume rise for each Pasquil
stability class. The plume rise, Ah, is added to the actual physical stack height, h [PH], to
determine the effective stack height, H. The plume centerline is shifted from the physical
height, h, to H as it moves downwind. The plume centerline remains at H unless
gravitational settling of particulates produces a downward tilt, or until meteorological
conditions change.
Rupp's equation for momentum dominated plumes is:
Equation 1
Ah =
1.5 vd
M
where:
Ah = plume rise [PR]
v = effluent stack gas velocity (m/sec) [VEL]
d = inside stack diameter (m) [DIA]
|j = wind velocity (m/sec) [U]
CAP88-PC models Briggs' buoyant plume rise for stability categories A, B, C, and D with:
Equation 2
nu 1.6 F1/3 x2'3
Ah = —
U
where:
Ah = plume rise [PR]
F = 3.7xl0"5 Qh
Qh = heat emission from stack gases (cal/sec) [QH]
x = downwind distance (m)
|j = wind speed (m/sec) [U]
This equation is valid until the downwind distance is approximately ten times the stack
height, lOh, where the plume levels off. For downwind distances greater than lOh, the
equation used is:
Equation 3
Ah = 1.6 F1/3 (10h)2/3
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 68 of 103
-------
M
Equation (2) is also used to a distance of x = 2.4 jxS_1/2 for stable categories E, F, and G,
beyond which the plume is assumed to level off. For higher values of x, the stability
parameter, S, is used in the equation:
Equation 4
Ah = 2.9(F/|jS)1/3
in which:
Equation 5
s = (g/Ta)(dTa/dz+n
g = gravitational acceleration (m/sec2)
T = air temperature (° K) [TEMPERATURE]
dTa/dz = vertical temperature gradient (° K/m) [TG]
z = vertical distance above stack (m)
f = adiabatic lapse rate of atmosphere (0.0098° K/m)
The value of the vertical temperature gradient, dTa/dz, is positive for stable categories. In
CAP88-PC, dTa/dz values are:
7.280E-02 ° K/m for Pasquill category E
1.090E-01 ° K/m for Pasquill category F
1.455E-01 ° K/m for Pasquill category G
The true-average wind speed for each Pasquill stability category is used in CAP88-PC to
estimate plume rise, as it is greater than the reciprocal-averaged wind speed, and produces
a smaller, more conservative plume rise. This procedure does not risk underestimating the
significant contribution of relatively calm periods to downwind nuclide concentrations which
could result from direct use of a plume rise calculated for each separate wind-speed
category. This procedure avoids calculating an infinite plume rise when wind speed is zero
(during calms), since both momentum and buoyancy plume rise equations contain wind
speed in the denominator (Mo79).
CAP88-PC also accepts user-supplied plume rise values, for situations where actual
measurements are available or the supplied equations are not appropriate. For example,
plume rises of zero may be used to model local turbulence created by building wakes.
Plume Dispersion
Plume dispersion is modeled in the subroutine CONCEN with the Gaussian plume equation of
Pasquill (Pa61, Mo79), as modified by Gifford:
Equation 6
X = * exDl"-l/2(v/Ov)2 UexDr-l/2ffz-HVaz)2l+exDr-l/2ffz+HVaz)2 1>
z n ay az |j
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 69 of 103
-------
where:
y _ concentration in air (chi) at x meters downwind, y meters crosswind, and z
meters above ground (Ci/m3) [ACON]
Q = Release rate from stack (Ci/sec) [REL]
|j = wind speed (m/sec) [U]
ay = horizontal dispersion coefficient (m)
Oz = vertical dispersion coefficient (m)
H = effective stack height (m)
y = crosswind distance (m)
z = vertical distance (m)
The downwind distance x comes into Equation (6) through ay and oz, which are functions of
x as well as the Pasquill atmospheric stability category applicable during emission from the
stack. CAP88-PC converts X in Equation (6) and other plume dispersion equations from
units of curies per cubic meter to units of picocuries per cubic centimeter.
Annual-average meteorological data sets usually include frequencies for several wind-speed
categories for each wind direction and Pasquill atmospheric stability category. CAP88-PC
uses reciprocal-averaged wind speeds in the atmospheric dispersion equations, which
permit a single calculation for each wind-speed category. Equation (6) is applied to ground-
level concentrations in air at the plume centerline by setting y and z to zero, which results
in:
The average ground-level concentration in air over a sector of 22.5° can be approximated
by the expression:
where f is the integral of the exponential expression:
exp [-l/2(y/cy )2 ]
in Equation (6) from a value of y equals zero to infinity divided by ys, the value of y at the
edge of the 22.5° sector, which is the value of the downwind distance, x, multiplied by the
tangent of half the sector angle. The expression is:
Equation 7
X = * exDr-l/2(H/az )2 1
n ay Oz |J
Equation 8
Xave — fX
Equation 9
(
\
/
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 70 of 103
-------
The definite integral in the numerator of Equation (9) is evaluated as
Gy (7l/2)1/2
Since ys = x tan (11.25°),
Equation 10
6.300836av
x
The equation for sector-averaged ground level concentration in air is therefore:
Equation 11
X =
Q
U.lbb/1 n x Oz |J
exDr-l/2fH/az )2 1
This method of sector-averaging compresses the plume within the bounds of each of the
sixteen 22.5° sectors for unstable Pasquill atmospheric stability categories in which
horizontal dispersion is great enough to extend significantly beyond the sector edges. It is
not a precise method, however, because the integration over the y-axis, which is
perpendicular to the downwind direction, x, involves increasing values for x as y is increased
from zero to infinity.
An average lid for the assessment area is provided as part of the input data. The lid is
assumed not to affect the plume until x becomes equal to 2xl , where xl is the value of x for
which Oz = 0.47 times the height of the lid (Tu69). For values of x greater than 2xl , vertical
dispersion is restricted and radionuclide concentration in air is assumed to be uniform from
ground to lid.
The average concentration between ground and lid, which is the ground-level concentration
in air for values of x greater than 2xl, may be expressed by:
where X is taken from Equation (6) and L is lid height. The value of H in Equation (6) may
be set at zero since Xave is not a function of the effective stack height.
The resulting simplified expression may be evaluated for constant x and y values (ay and oz
held constant) by using a definite integral similar to that in Equation (10):
Equation 12
roo y
Xave J0 J<4~
Equation 13
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 71 of 103
-------
The result is:
Equation 14
Xave = ~TT777~r ; exDf-v2 /2av 2)
l.bUbb Oy L |J
One obtains the sector-averaged concentration at ground level by replacing the exponential
expression containing y by f in Equation (11):
Equation 15
Xave = 0/(0-397825 x L m)
It should be noted at this point that for values of the downwind distance greater than 2xl
dispersion, as expressed in Equation (16), no longer can be said to be represented by the
Pasquill equation. The model is simply a uniform distribution with a rectangle of dimensions
LID and 2x tan (11.25°).
Gravitational settling is handled by tilting the plume downward after it has leveled off at
height H by subtracting Vg x/|j from H in the plume dispersion equations. For CAP88-PC Vg is
set at the default value of zero and cannot be changed by the user.
Dry Deposition
Dry deposition is modeled in the subroutine CONCEN as being proportional to the ground-
level concentration of the radionuclide (Mo79):
Equation 16
Rd = VdX
where:
Rd = surface deposition rate (pCi/cm2 -sec)
Vd = deposition velocity (cm/sec) [VD]
X = ground-level concentration (chi) in air (pCi/cm3) [ACON]
Although Vd has units of velocity, it is only a proportionality constant and is usually higher
than the actual, measured velocity of radionuclides falling to the ground. The proportionality
constant must include deposition from fallout interception by foliage, which subsequently
falls to the ground and so adds to ground deposition. Defaults for deposition velocity used
by CAP88-PC are 3.5E-2 m/sec for Iodine, 1.8E-3 m/sec for particulates and zero for gases.
Precipitation Scavenging
The deposition rate from precipitation scavenging (Mo79), which occurs when rain or snow
removes particles from the plume, is modeled in CONCEN with:
Equation 17
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 72 of 103
-------
Rs ^1 'X i L
where:
Rs = surface deposition rate (pCi/cm2 -sec)
Q = scavenging coefficient (sec 1) [SC]
Xave = average concentration in plume up to lid height (pCi/cm3)[ACON]
L = lid height (tropospheric mixing layer) (cm) [LID]
The scavenging coefficient, O (in sec 1), is calculated in CAP88-PC by multiplying the
rainfall rate, [RR] (in cm/yr), by 1E-7 yr/cm-sec.
Plume Depletion
Radionuclides are depleted from the plume by precipitation scavenging, dry deposition and
radioactive decay. Depletion is accounted for by substituting a reduced release rate, Q1 , for
the original release rate Q for each downwind distance x (SI68). The ratio of the reduced
release rate to the original is the depletion fraction. The overall depletion fraction used in
CAP88-PC is the product of the depletion fractions for precipitation scavenging, dry
deposition and radioactive decay.
For precipitation scavenging the depletion fraction for each downwind distance (x) is:
Q = scavenging coefficient (sec 1) [SC]
t = time (sec) required for the plume to reach the downwind distance x
The depletion fraction for dry deposition is derived by using Equation (6) with z set to zero
for ground-level concentrations, and subtracting the quantity (Vg x)/U from H for a tilted
plume (Va68, Mo79):
Equation 18
=e-«
Q
where:
Equation 19
where:
Vd = deposition velocity (m/sec) [VD]
|j = wind speed (m/sec) [U]
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 73 of 103
-------
az = vertical dispersion coefficient (m)
Vg = gravitational velocity (m/sec) [VG]
H = effective stack height (m)
x = downwind distance (m)
The integral expression must be evaluated numerically. Values for the vertical dispersion
coefficient Oz are expressed as functions of x in the form xD/F where D and F are constants
with different values for each Pasquill atmospheric stability category, to facilitate
integrations over x.
Values for the depletion fraction for cases where Vg is zero are obtained from the subroutine
QY in CAP-88. Subroutine QY obtains depletion fractions for the conditions Vd = 0.01 m/sec
and |j = 1 m/sec for each Pasquill stability category from the data file REFA.DAT. This file
contains values for release heights (meters) of:
1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100,
120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 240, 260, 300 and 400.
and for downwind distances (meters) of:
35, 65, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 650, 800, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 4,000, 7,000,
10,000, 25,000, 60,000, 90,000, and 200,000.
The stored depletion fractions were calculated numerically with a Simpson's rule routine. QY
uses a linear interpolation to produce a fraction for the required downwind value, release
height and Pasquill category for Vd = 0.01 m/sec and |J = 1 m/sec. The value is then
converted to the appropriate value for the actual deposition velocity and wind speed by use
of the equation:
(Q1 /Q)2 = (Q1 /Q)i100VdAl
in which subscript 2 refers to the desired value and subscript 1 refers to the value for Vd =
0.01 m/sec and |J = 1 m/sec.
For downwind distances greater than 2xl where Equation 15 applies to the ground-level
concentrations in air, the depletion is modeled with (Mo79):
Equation 20
Equation 21
Which shows the reduced release rates at distances x and 2xl , respectively.
The depletion fraction for radioactive decay is:
Equation 22
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 74 of 103
-------
-~cxp(-/ir/)
where:
Ar = effective decay constant in plume [ANLAM]
t = time required for plume travel
The decay constant used is referred to as the "effective decay constant" since it is not the
true radiological decay constant in all cases. For example, if a radionuclide is a short-lived
decay product in equilibrium with a longer-lived parent, the effective decay constant would
be equal to the true radiological decay constant of the parent.
The atmospheric dispersion equations use the reciprocal-averaged wind speed, but neither
this value nor the true average wind speed can adequately be used to calculate reduced
release rates to account for radiological decay and scavenging losses because averaging of
exponential terms is required. CAP88-PC uses an approximate method of calculation for this
purpose, which establishes three wind speeds (1 m/sec, the average wind speed, and 6
m/sec) to simulate the actual wind-speed spectrum for each specific wind direction and
Pasquill category. The wind speeds 1 and 6 m/sec were chosen because they approximate
the upper and lower bounds in most meteorological data sets.
If fi, f2 and f3 are designated as the time fractions for the three wind speeds, then:
fl + (|la f2 ) + 6f3 = (1,
fl + (f2 /(Xa) + f3 /6 = 1/|Xr
and
fl + f2 + f3 = 1
where:
|ja = Arithmetic-average wind speed [UDAV]
|jr = Reciprocal-average wind speed [UDCAT]
Solving the three simultaneous equations yields:
1 - f2 - f3
(7/6) - (Ma/6) - (1/Mr)
C//b) - (IJa/b) - (l/|Ja)
(Ua-l)(l -f2)
b
The depletion fraction to account for radioactive decay is then approximated by:
fi cxp(-/.rx) + f2 cxp|-/.i(x/|i(l)| + f3 cxp|-/.r(x/6)|
where:
Ar = effective decay constant in plume (sec 1) [ANLAM]
|ja = Arithmetic-average wind speed [UDAV]
fi =
f2
f =
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x = downwind distance (m)
For precipitation scavenging losses, the depletion fraction is:
fi exp(-x) + f2 cxp|-(x/|i(l)| + f3 exp[-(x/6)]
where O is the scavenging coefficient (sec 1).
The overall depletion fraction is calculated by multiplying the depletion fraction for dry
deposition by the fraction for radioactive decay and precipitation scavenging.
Dispersion Coefficients
Horizontal and vertical dispersion coefficients (ay and oz) used for dispersion calculation in
CONCEN and for depletion fraction determination in QY are taken from recommendations by
G.A. Briggs of the Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Laboratory at Oak Ridge,
Tennessee (Mo79, Gi76). The coefficients are different functions of the downwind distance x
for each Pasquill stability category for open-country conditions, as shown:
Pasquill
category
A
B
D
Oy
(m)
0.22 x
(l + 0.0001x) 1/2
0.16 x
(l + 0.0001x) 1/2
0.11 x
(1 + 0.000 lx) 1/2
0.08 x
(l + 0.0001x) 1/2
0.06 x
(l + 0.0001x) 1/2
0.04 x
(1 + 0.000 lx) 1/2
Oz
(m)
0.20 x
0.12 x
0.08 x
(l + 0.0002x) 1/2
0.06 x
(l + 0.0015x) 1/2
0.03 x
(l + 0.0003x) 1
0.016 x
(l + 0.0003x) 1
calculated by subtracting half the
difference between values for categories E
and F from the value for category F.
where:
x = downwind distance
CAP88-PC uses the functions in the form of
Jy "
GZ = xD /F
to facilitate integrations over x. Values for A, C, D, and F for each stability category and
downwind distance are stored in a data statement.
Area Sources
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Uniform area sources are modeled in CAP88-PC using a method described by Mills and
Reeves, as modified by Christopher Nelson, EPA, and implemented by Culkowski and
Patterson (Mo79). The method transforms the original area source into an annular segment
with the same area. The transformation is dependent on the distance between the centroid
of the area source and the receptor. At large distances (where the distance/diameter ratio is
2.5), the area source is modeled as a point source; at close distances it becomes a circular
source centered at the receptor. A point source model is also used if the area source is 10
meters in diameter or less.
The principle of reciprocity is used to calculate the effective chi/Q. The problem is equivalent
to interchanging source and receptor and calculating the mean chi/Q from a point source to
one or more sector segments according to the angular width of the transformed source. The
mean value of chi/Q for each sector segment is estimated by calculating chi/Q at the
distance which would provide the exact value of the mean if the variation in chi/Q were
proportional to r1-5 for distances from the point source to location within the sector
segment. The chi/Q for the entire transformed source is the sum of the chi/Q values for
each sector weighted by the portion of the total annular source contained in that sector.
Carbon-14 and Tritium
Special consideration is given to the radionuclides hydrogen-3 (tritium), carbon-14, and
radon-222. The specific activity of tritium in air is calculated based on the input absolute
humidity, which has a default value of 8 g/m3. The specific activity of atmospheric carbon-
14 is calculated for a carbon dioxide concentration of 330 ppm by volume. Concentrations of
these nuclides in vegetation are calculated on the assumption that the water and carbon
content in vegetation are from the atmosphere and have the same specific activity as in the
atmosphere. Drinking water is assumed to have one percent (1%) the concentration of air
moisture. The ingestion dose includes a contribution from this assumed tritium
concentration when tritium is included as one of the modeled nuclides in the case. The new
dose factors in CAP88-PC Version 4 include many chemical forms for these special isotopes
that were not available in previous versions (see the radionuclide list table for chemical
forms). The user should examine which of the chemical forms is most applicable to their
model case and select accordingly.
Rn-222 Working Levels
The radon decay product concentration (in working level units) is estimated using an
equilibrium fraction that varies as a function of travel time, assuming a wind speed of 3.5
meters/second, with a final equilibrium fraction of 0.7.
Equilibrium fractions for radon decay products are calculated as a function of downwind
distance, starting at 0.267 at 150 meters and reaching a final equilibrium fraction of 0.698
at 19,551 meters. Equilibrium fractions for specific distances are calculated by linear
interpolation, using this table:
Distance Equilibirum
(meters) Fraction
150
200
250
300
400
.267
.273
.276
.278
.284
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500
600
800
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000
10000
15000
19551
.289
.293
.302
.311
.331
.349
.366
.382
.414
.443
.471
.522
.566
.650
.698
Sector Air Concentrations
Air concentrations in each sector are calculated using the CAP88-PC Version 4 numerical
solver to solve the serial radioactive decay equations for chains up to 30 isotopes in length
at each sector. The equations solved include chain branching coefficients as defined by the
chain decay data contained in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory DCFPAK Version 2.2. The
initial values in the chain are the dispersed release rates for the isotopes specified in the
release list. The dispersed concentrations of the released isotopes as calculated by the
Gaussian Plume equations are used as the time zero concentration for each sector. Decay
chain isotopic air concentrations for each sector are calculated using the Pasquill category
averaged travel times and the midpoint distance for the sector to generate the decay time.
The isotopic air concentrations generated for each sector form the list of source isotopes for
the ground deposition rates used in the sector ground surface concentration calculation.
Sector Ground Surface Concentrations
Ground surface and soil concentrations are calculated for those nuclides subject to
deposition due to dry deposition and precipitation scavenging. The deposition accumulation
time, [TSUBB], is user selectable. The default value of 100 years is the value required to be
used for NESHAPS compliance runs. This value determines the length of time that isotopes
accumulate in the soil based upon continuous deposition, decay, and removal. The isotopic
profile in the soil at the end of the buildup period is the one used as input to the dose and
risk calculations.
Ingrowth from a parent radionuclide is calculated using a numerical solution to the coupled
set of differential equations describing radionuclide ingrowth in the presence of a constant
deposition rate and a constant removal rate of 2 percent per year. The deposition rate for
each isotope is calculated from the air concentration of that isotope in the sector of interest
times the scavenging rate for each isotope in the air. Ingrowth and decay are calculated
using the decay chain data from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory DCFPAK Version 2.2
package. All chain decays include branching. Sectors are assumed to have a zero ground
surface concentration at time zero.
Ingrowth of progeny chains up to 30 isotopes in length can be solved by the CAP88-PC
Version 4 solver code. The solver code implemented in CAP88-PC Version 4 is the DLSODE
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package from Lawrence Livermore National Lab. DLSODE solves the initial-value problem for
stiff or nonstiff systems of first-order Ordinary Differential Equations, dy/dt = f(t,y).
Dose and Risk Estimates
CAP88-PC uses a database of dose and risk factors provided in Federal Guidance Report 13
(EPA99) for estimating dose and risk as implemented in the DCFPAK Version 2.2 model.
Relevant portions of these documents are reproduced here, as referenced.
Dose and risk conversion factors include the effective dose equivalent calculated according
to the methods in ICRP Publication Number 72 (ICRP72). CAP88-PC Version 4 now
implements the FGR 13 age-dependent dose and risk factors, where previous version of
CAP88-PC only used adult dose and risk factors. The risk factors used are those for lifetime
fatal cancer risk (mortality) per FGR 13. Dose and risk factors for the pathways of ingestion
and inhalation intake, ground level air immersion and ground surface irradiation are used in
order to remain consistent with versions 1, 2, and 3 of CAP88-PC. Factors are further
broken down by particle size [SIZE], clearance category [FMSTYPE], chemical form
[CHEMFORM], and gut-to-blood [GI_ING and GI_INH] transfer factors. These factors are
stored in a series of data files for use by the program. The CAP88-PC Version 4 UI reads the
dose and risk factor data for each organ or compartment and builds the appropriate factor
using the methodology in the DFCPAK Version 2.2 model.
For assessments where Rn-222 decay products are not considered, estimates of dose and
risk are made by combining the inhalation and ingestion intake rates, air and ground
surface concentrations with the appropriate dose and risk conversion factors. CAP88-PC lists
the dose and risk to the maximum individual and the collective population. CAP88-PC
calculates dose to the 25 internal organs modeled in DCFPAK Version 2.2, in addition to a
26th "organ", the 50 year effective dose equivalent. Risks are estimated for the 15 cancer
sites modeled in DCFPAK Version 2.2. Doses and risks can be further tabulated as a function
of radionuclide, pathway, location and organ.
For assessments of Rn-222 decay products, CAP88-PC calculates working levels, not
concentrations of specific radionuclides. A working level [WLEVEL] is defined as any
combination of short-lived radon decay products in 1 liter of air that will result in the
ultimate emission of 1.3 x 105 MeV of alpha particle energy. CAP88-PC calculates risk, but
not dose, from the working level calculations. Risk to the maximum individual and the
collective population are tabulated. The radon methods have not been modified in CAP88-pC
Version 4 from those of previous versions.
For each assessment, CAP88-PC tabulates the frequency distribution of risk, that is, the
number of people at various levels of risk (lifetime risk). The risk categories are divided into
powers often, from 1 in ten to one in a million. The number of health effects is also
tabulated for each risk category.
Air Immersion
Individual dose is calculated for air immersion with the general equation:
Eiifk) DFiil
P(k) Kl
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where:
Eij(k) = exposure rate, person-pCi/cm3 [EXPP]
DFiji = Dose rate factor, mrem/nCi-yr/m3 [DOSE]
P(k) = number of exposed people [POP]
Kj = 0.001 nCi/pCi x 1,000,000 cm3/m3 (proportionality factor) [FAC]
Risk is calculated similarly, by substituting the risk conversion factor, RFiji [RISK], for DFiji
[DOSE]. The risk conversion factor is in units of risk/nCi-yr/m3.
Surface Exposure
Individual dose is calculated for ground surface exposure with the general equation:
Eii(k') DFin
exposure rate, person-pCi/cm3 [EXPP]
Dose rate factor, mrem/nCi-yr/m3 [DOSE]
number of exposed people [POP]
0.001 nCi/pCi x 10,000 cm3/m3 (proportionality factor) [FAC]
Risk is calculated by substituting the risk conversion factor, RFiji [RISK], for DFiji [DOSE].
The risk conversion factor is in units of risk/nCi-yr/m2.
Ingestion and Inhalation
Individual dose is calculated for the ingestion and inhalation exposure pathway with the
general equation:
Eii(k') DFin
exposure rate, person-pCi/cm3 [EXPP]
Dose rate factor, mrem/nCi-yr/m3 [DOSE]
number of exposed people [POP]
0.001 nCi/pCi x 1,000,000 cm3/m3 (proportionality factor) [FAC]
Risk is calculated by substituting the risk conversion factor, RISK (risk/nCi), for DOSE.
Maximally-Exposed Individual
Doses for the maximally-exposed individual in population runs are estimated by CAP88-PC
for the location, or sector-segment in the radial assessment grid, of highest risk where at
least one individual actually resides. The effective dose equivalent for the maximally-
P(k)
where:
Eu(k) =
DFiji =
P(k) =
Kj
P(k)
where:
Eu(k) =
DFiji =
P(k) =
Kj
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exposed individual is tabulated in mrem/yr for a 50 year exposure. Risk is estimated as total
lifetime riske.
Collective Population
Collective population dose and risk are found by summing, for all sector segments, the
intake and exposure rates multiplied by the appropriate dose or risk conversion factors
(ORNL5692). Collective population dose is reported by person-Rem/yr (not millirem), and
collective risk is reported in deaths/yr. Note that collective risk is reported as annual risk,
while maximally-exposed individual risk is reported as lifetime risk.
/it-it,, -•"iini" mi Hi mm -I l'i "i"i* i ivies
The following values are Beef Cattle Densities, Milk Cattle Densities, and Vegetable Crop
Food Fractions by state.
State
Beef
Milk
Vegetable
Alabama
1.52E-001
7.02E-003
4.16E-003
Alaska
0.00E+000
0.00E+000
0.00E+000
Arkansas
1.27E-001
5.90E-003
1.46E-003
Arizona
3.73E-002
2.80E-003
2.90E-003
California
8.81E-002
2.85E-002
1.18E-002
Colorado
1.13E-001
3.50E-003
1.39E-002
Connecticut
3.60E-002
2.50E-003
7.93E-003
Wash. D.C.
0.00E+000
0.00E+000
0.00E+000
Delaware
6.48E-002
2.72E-002
5.85E-002
Florida
1.28E-001
1.37E-002
6.92E-003
Georgia
1.43E-001
8.63E-003
2.17E-003
Hawaii
0.00E+000
0.00E+000
0.00E+000
Idaho
7.19E-002
8.56E-003
7.15E-002
Illinois
3.33E-001
2.16E-002
2.80E-002
Indiana
3.34E-001
2.80E-002
2.72E-002
Iowa
7.40E-001
3.14E-002
2.43E-002
Kansas
2.90E-001
8.00E-003
5.97E-002
Kentucky
2.65E-001
2.57E-002
3.98E-003
Louisiana
1.08E-001
9.62E-003
4.35E-002
Maine
7.65E-003
8.07E-003
5.97E-002
Maryland
1.09E-001
6.11E-002
1.11E-002
Massachusetts
2.90E-002
3.13E-002
4.96E-003
Michigan
7.90E-002
3.51E-002
1.70E-002
Minnesota
1.85E+000
4.88E-002
3.05E-002
Mississippi
1.75E-001
8.70E-003
1.07E-003
Missouri
3.43E-001
1.89E-002
8.14E-003
Montana
7.29E-002
9.27E-004
8.78E-003
Nebraska
3.50E-001
8.78E-003
2.39E-002
Nevada
1.84E-002
5.65E-004
8.92E-003
New Hampshire
1.40E-002
1.58E-002
6.69E-002
New Jersey
4.25E-002
3.29E-002
1.82E-002
New Mexico
4.13E-002
1.14E-003
1.38E-003
New York
5.83E-002
8.56E-002
1.88E-002
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North Carolina
1.02E-001
1.26E-002
6.32E-003
North Dakota
1.18E-001
6.25E-003
6.29E-002
Ohio
2.03E-001
4.56E-002
1.70E-002
Oklahoma
2.68E-001
7.13E-003
2.800E-02
Oregon
4.56E-002
4.53E-003
1.590E-02
Pennsylvania
9.63E-002
6.46E-002
1.320E-02
Rhode Island
2.50E-002
2.30E-002
4.540E-02
South Carolina
8.87E-002
7.02E-003
1.84E-003
South Dakota
2.32E-001
8.85E-003
1.20E-002
Tennessee
2.11E-001
2.00E-003
2.72E-003
Texas
1.90E-001
5.30E-003
5.77E-003
Utah
2.84E-002
4.46E-003
1.83E-003
Vermont
4.71E-002
8.88E-002
1.08E-003
Virginia
1.31E-001
1.84E-002
8.700E-03
Washington
5.62E-002
1.500E-02
5.200E-02
West Virginia
6.23E-002
6.00E-003
1.160E-03
Wisconsin
1.81E-001
1.43E-001
1.789E-02
Wyoming
5.12E-002
5.79E-004
1.590E-03
Different'. I i> >iii h •liiiilii * ¦¦ i 'ions ->f -MFDm:* EIF^ 1C--"JRlf"-"J[5
There are differences between CAP88-PC and earlier versions of AIRDOS, PREPAR and
DARTAB. CAP88-PC is optimized for doing population assessments. Population arrays must
always be supplied to the program as a file, using the same format as the mainframe
version of CAP88. Sample population files are supplied with CAP88-PC, the user may modify
the supplied files to reflect their own population distributions. Population files for the
mainframe version of CAP88 may be downloaded in ASCII format and used with CAP88-PC.
CAP88-PC is programmed to use the distances in the population array to determine the
distances used to calculate concentrations, to eliminate human error. CAP88-PC only uses
circular grids; square grids are not an option. Direct user input of concentrations is also not
an option. Agricultural arrays are generated automatically, as a function of state-specific
productivity data, requiring the user to supply only the State abbreviation or agricultural
productivity values.
Note that input files generated with previous versions of CAP88-PC, or the mainframe
version, will not run unaltered in the current CAP88-PC version.
CAP88-PC is also modified to perform either "Radon-only" or "Non-Radon" runs, to conform
to the format of the 1988 Clean Air Act NESHAPS Rulemaking. "Radon-only" assessments,
which only have Rn-222 in the source term, automatically include working level
calculations; any other source term ignores working levels. Synopsis reports customized to
both formats are automatically generated.
Organs and weighting factors are modified to follow the ICRP-72 Effective Dose Equivalent
calculation, which eliminates flexibility on specifying organs and weighting factors. The
calculation of deposition velocity and the default scavenging coefficient is also modified to
incorporate current EPA policy.
Incorporation of FGR-13 Dose and Risk Factors
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CAP88-PC Version 4.1 incorporates the dose and risk factors from Federal Guidance Report
13 (FGR-13), as received from Oak Ridge National Laboratory via the DCFPAK Version 3.0
software package. Using the DCFPAK 3.0 dataset has increased the supported number of
isotopes to 1252 from 825 in version 3 and 256 in version 2. It is important to note that the
1252 isotope number is those with external dose coefficients. The number of isotopes
having internal dose coefficients in Version 4.1 is 888. Version 4.1 flags isotopes in the input
that have external but not internal dose coefficients.
Dose and risk coefficents are provided for external ground surface exposure, external
immersion, internal ingestion, and internal inhalation. Internal dose and risk coefficients are
provided for six age groups, infant (100 days), 1 year old, 5 year old, 10 year old, 15 year
old, and adult.
Organs and Weighting Factors
The FGR 13 model as implemented in CAP88-PC Version 4.1 includes wieght factors and
committed equivalent dose coefficents for 25 organs. The DCFPAK 3.02 data also include a
'26th organ', the effective dose. CAP88-PC Version 4.1 uses the 25 organ data to calculate
organ committed equivalent dose and the 26th organ data to calculate total effective dose.
The list of organs contained in Version 4.1 is:
Adrenals
Breasts
LLI_Wall
Ovaries
Spleen
GB_Wall
Lung_66
UB_Wall
St_Wall
Kidneys
Pancreas
Testes
Ht_Wall
Effect i
Bone_Sur
SI_Wall
Liver
R_M arrow
Thymus
Uterus
Brain
ULI_Wall
Muscle
Skin
Thyroid
ET_Reg
UB = Urinary Bladder
St = Stomach
SI = Small Intestine
ULI = Upper Large Intestine
LLI = Lower large Intestine
R_Marrow = Red Bone Marrow
GB = Gall Bladder
Ht = Heart
ET = Extra-thoracic
Changing the organ list or the weighting factors will invalidate the results.
Cancer Risk Sites
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The FGR 13 data in CAP88PC Version 4 includes cancer morbidity and mortality risk factors
for 14 cancer induction sites, with the total risk listed as the 15th site. CAP88PC Version 4.1
only outputs results for cancer mortality risk, not cancer morbidity risk. This is done to
retain consistency with previous versions of the CAP88 model. The cancer sites included in
CAP88PC Version 4.1 are:
Esophagus Stomach Colon Liver Lung
Bone Skin Breast Ovaries Bladder
Kidneys Thyroid Leukemia Residual Total
As with the organ data, changing the cancer site information will invalidate the results.
Build-up Factors Calculated for the Specific Case
Starting with Version 3, CAP88-PC eliminated the old build-up factor methodology using
pre-calculated factors for a limited number of decay chains. The greatly expanded isotope
list contained in the FGR-13 data did not support the use of the old pre-calculated build-up
factors. The solution method in Version 3 included a number of approximations to speed up
the build-up calculation. Version 4 greatly improved the buildup and decay calculations by
implementing solution that calculates the decay and ground surface concentrations as a
function of time by solving the ingrowth + deposition equations using a numerical solver.
Selectable Progeny Chain Length
CAP88-PC version 4.1 permits the user to select the length of the progeny chain for which
dose and risk will be calculated. Versions of CAP88-PC before Version 3 limited the decay
chain to a maximum of five isotopes. The selectable chain length permits analyses to
include up to the entire decay chain modeled in FGR-13. The default length is all isotopes.
NCRP-123 Elemental Transfer Factors
The plant and food chain transfer factors for each element are the factors found in
Publication 123 of the National Council on Radiation Protection. The old transfer factors used
through version 2.1 did not include all the elements that are in the FGR-13 dataset.
Population Arrays
Population arrays must be entered only as a file. In the 1985 CAAC version of
AIRDOSEPA/DARTAB, population arrays could be entered as instream data in PREPAR.
Population files for the mainframe version of CAP88 may be downloaded in ASCII format
and used with CAP88-PC. Sample population files are supplied with CAP88-PC, the user may
modify the supplied files to reflect their own population distributions. The distances at the
top of the population file are used by CAP88-PC to determine the distances used in the
assessment. This was programmed to eliminate errors caused by mismatching the distances
used to calculate concentrations with the distances used to generate the population array.
Distances used for calculating concentrations are now automatically set in CAP88-PC so as
to calculate concentrations for the midpoint of each sector.
Distances
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In population assessments, distances for calculating concentrations (IDIST) are calculated
automatically as a function of the distances in the population array file. CAP88-PC is written
to only allow user assignments of IDIST for individual assessments.
Agricultural Arrays
Arrays of milk cattle, beef cattle and agricultural crop area are automatically generated by
the CAP88-PC; the user is not required to supply the arrays. The arrays are generated to
match the distances used in the population arrays supplied to the code, and use State-
specific agricultural productivity values. The state name (standard two letter abbreviation)
must be provided to the variable STATE. Users are given the option to override the default
agricultural productivity values.
Radon-222 Assessments
Assessments for Radon-222 automatically include Working Level calculations. When the only
radionuclide entered is Rn-222, CAP88-PC assumes the run is a 'Radon Only' run; in this
case the code generates total effective dose and mortality risk resulting from the Working
Level calculations and omits the organ calculations. If Rn-222 is included as part of a case
that has multiple radioisotopes in the release source, then organ dose and risk calculations
are performed for the nuclides in the list, and the Working Level calculations of total
effective dose and mortality risk are also performed and reported. Working Level
calculations are only omitted if Rn-222 is not included in the isotope list.
Square Grids
Option 2 in earlier versions of AIRDOS-EPA allowed users to choose either a square (0) or
circular grid (1). Since CAP88-PC requires a circular grid for population assessments, this
option is not available.
Scavenging Coefficient
The subroutine SETSC (from PREPAR) is no longer used. The default scavenging coefficient
(SC) is now calculated as a function of rainfall rate (RR). The formula used is: SC = RR *
1E-7. Users are given the option of overriding the default value but doing so will invalidate
the use of the case for any NESHAPS compliance demonstration.
Direct Input of Concentrations
In all versions of CAP88-PC the user may not supply concentrations as input. The subroutine
DIRECT contained in the mainframe version has been removed.
Deposition Velocity
The mainframe subroutine SETVD is no longer used to calculate deposition velocity (VD). In
all version of CAP88-PC VD is set as follows:
Class VD (m/sec)
Iodine 3.5e-2
Particulate 1.8e-3
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Gas 0
Unlike previous versions of CAP88-PC, CAP88-PC since Version 4 has the ability to use
isotope-specific deposition velocities. This data has not yet been implemented.
Equilibrium Fractions
CAP88-PC has the capability to vary equilibrium fractions; previously they were set to a
constant of 0.7. The new method varies the equilibrium fractions depending on the distance
from the source. Linear interpolation is used to determine the equilibrium fractions for
distances that do not match the set distances given. The equation is as follows:
EFY = EFX + ((EFZ - EFX) * ((Y - X) / (Z - X)))
Where you have X < Y < Z
X and Z are the set distances given and Y is the user given distance (between X and Z). The
new method finds the equilibrium fraction for EFX, and EFZ is the value returned by the
subroutine SET_EQUIL_FRACTIONS corresponding to the set distances.
DOSMIC Subroutine
DOSMIC was modified to print only Working Levels. Working Levels are only output for RN-
222. Checks are performed before DOSMIC is called to determine if Working Levels are
needed.
Water Arrays
Arrays of water areas are not used in CAP88-PC
NOMA fix
CAP88-PC uses a slightly different approach in calculating NOMA, following discovery of a
potential error in the 1985 CAAC version of AIRDOS-EPA. In the earlier version, this error
caused multiple point sources to be treated as an area source if the nuclides emitted from
each stack had identical characteristics. This may cause some differences with previous
assessments.
Wind Frequencies
The GETWND routine has been modified to accept wind speeds greater than 10 m/sec.
Earlier versions would only accept wind speeds less than 10 m/sec, and there was a
problem with some facilities, which had high wind speeds, generating overflow errors in the
wind speed arrays. In order to accommodate higher wind speeds, and remain compatible
with existing wind data sets, precision limits force the calculations to truncate the last digit
in the wind speed data. This may cause a slight variation in the determination of PERD, the
wind frequency for each direction, caused by roundup error. This may cause a variation in
concentrations as compared with earlier versions of PREPAR and AIRDOS.
Citations
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 86 of 103
-------
Be86; Beal, S.K, Chen, S.C., Chmelynski, H.J., Park, B.S., Hardin, J., "Comparison of
AIRDOS-EPA Predictions of Ground-Level Airborne Radionuclide Concentrations to Measured
Values", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, 1986.
Br69; Briggs, G.A., "Plume Rise, AEC Critical Review Series", TID-25075, 1969.
Eckl3; Eckerman, K.F., Leggett, R.W., User Guide To DCFPAK 3.0, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 2013
EPA89; EPA 520/1-89-005 Risk Assessment Methodology: Draft Environmental Impact
Statement for Proposed NESHAPS for Radionuclides, Volume 1, Background Information
Document, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs,
Washington, D.C. 20460, February 1989.
EPA92; EPA 402-B-92-001 User's Guide For CAP88-PC, Version 1.0, United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas Facility, P.O. Box
98517, Las Vegas, NV 89193-8517, March 1992.
EPA99; EPA 402-R-99-001 Federal Guidance Report 13, "Cancer Risk Coefficients for
Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides", USEPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air,
Washington, DC, 1999
Faw99; Faw, R.E., Shultis, J.K., "Radiological Assessment: Sources and Doses", pg. 430,
American Nuclear Society Inc., LaGrange Park, IL, 1999
Gi76; Gifford, F.A., Jr., "Turbulent diffusion-typing schemes: A review", Nuclear Safety
17(l):68-86, 1976.
ICRP72; International Commission on Radiological Protection, "Age Dependent Doses to
Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides, Part 5. Compilation of Ingestion and
Inhalation Dose Coefficients" ICRP Publication 72, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1996.
Mo79; Moore, R.E., Baes, C.F.III, McDowell-Boyer, L.M., Watson, A.P., Hoffman, F.O.,
Pleasant, J.C., Miller, C.W., "AIRDOS-EPA: A Computerized Methodology for Estimating
Environmental Concentrations and Dose to Man from Airborne Releases of Radionuclides",
(Reprint of ORNL-5532), EPA 520/1-79-009, U.S. EPA Office of Radiation Programs,
Washington, D.C., 20460.
NCRP96; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, "Screening Models for
Releases of Radionuclides to Atmosphere, Surface Water, and Ground", NCRP Report 123
Volume 1, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD,
1996.
ORNL5952; ORNL-5952: PREPAR: A User-Friendly Preprocessor to Create AIRDOS-EPA
Input Data Sets, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
ORNL7745; Estimates of Health Risk From Exposure to Radioactive Pollutants, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 87 of 103
-------
ORNL7105; ORNL/TM-7105: A Combined Methodology for Estimating Dose Rates and Health
Effects From Exposures to Radioactive Pollutants, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee.
ORNL5692; ORNL-5692/DE81030434 DARTAB: A Program to. Combine Airborne
Radionuclide Environmental Exposure Data With Dosimetric Health Effect Data to Generate
Tabulations of Predicted Health Impact, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee, November 1981.
Pa61; Pasquill, F., "The Estimation of the Dispersion of Windborne Material", Meteorology
Magazine, 90:33, 1961.
Pa97; Parks, Barry., " CAP88-PC Version 2.0 User's Guide", June 1997.
Ra93; Radhakrishnan, K., Hindmarsh, A.C., Description and Use of LSODE, the Livermore
Solver for Ordinary Differential Equations, LLNL report UCRL-ID-113855, Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 1993.
Ru48; Rupp, E.M., Beall, S.E., Bornwasser, L.P., Johnson, D.H., "Dilution of Stack Gases in
Cross Winds", USAEC Report AECD-1811 (CE-1620), Clinton Laboratories, 1948.
SI68; Slade, D.H. (ed.), "Meteorology and Atomic Energy - 1968", U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission/Division of Technical Information, USAED TID-24190, 1968.
Tu69; Turner, D.B. "Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates", Air Pollution Control
Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1969.
Va68; Van der Hoven, I., "Deposition of particles and gasses", pp. 202-208, In Slade, D.
(ed.), Meteorology and Atomic Energy - 1968, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, USAED TID-
24190.
Credits
Nuclear icon royalty free by http://www.woothemes.com/via
http://www.mricons.com/icon/20/128/danger-nuclear-icon
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 88 of 103
-------
Appendices
STAR File Format
This is a STability ARay (STAR) file. It shows the frequencies of occurrence that the wind is
blowing FROMa particular direction, at a particular stability, at a particular speed. GETWIND
converts the star array to a WIND file which shows wind blowing TOWARD (not FROM)
particular directions. The frequencies are in x.xxxxx format, unspaced. The format is:
Layout
Column Value
1 Blank
2-4 Wind Direction
5 Blank
6 Stability Category
7 Blank
8 Start of Wind Speed Categories (knots)
8-14 Wind Speeds 1-3 (knots)
15-21 Wind Speeds 4-6 (knots)
22-28 Wind Speeds 7-10 (knots)
29-35 Wind Speeds 11-16 (knots)
36-42 Wind Speeds 17-21 (knots)
43-49 Wind Speeds > 21 (knots)
Sample
This is the included 94823.str file.
N A 0.000000.000000.
NNE A 0.000000.000000.
NE A 0.000000.000000.
ENE A 0.000000.000000.
E A 0.000000.000000.
ESE A 0.000000.000000.
SE A 0.000000.000000.
SSE A 0.000000.000000.
S A 0.000000.000000.
SSW A 0.000000.000000.
SW A 0.000000.000000.
WSW A 0.000000.000000.
W A 0.000000.000000.
WNW A 0.000000.000000.
NW A 0.000000.000000.
NNW A 0.000000.000000.
N B 0.000000.000000.
NNE B 0.000000.000000.
NE B 0.000000.000000.
ENE B 0.000000.000000.
E B 0.000000.016670.
ESE B 0.000000.000000.
SE B 0.000000.008330.
SSE B 0.000000.000000.
S B 0.000000.000000.
SSW B 0.000000.000000.
SW B 0.000000.000000.
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
008330.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 89 of 103
-------
wsw
B
0.000000.000000
w
B
0.000000.000000
WNW
B
0.000000.000000
NW
B
0.000000.000000
NNW
B
0.000000.000000
N
C
0.000000.000000
NNE
C
0.000000.000000
NE
C
0.000000.008330
ENE
C
0.000000.008330
E
C
0.000000.041670
ESE
C
0.000000.000000
SE
C
0.008330.000000
SSE
C
0.008330.000000
S
C
0.000000.000000
SSW
C
0.008330.000000
SW
C
0.000000.000000
WSW
C
0.000000.016670
w
C
0.000000.008330
WNW
C
0.008330.008330
NW
C
0.000000.008330
NNW
C
0.000000.008330
N
D
0.000000.000000
NNE
D
0.000000.000000
NE
D
0.000000.000000
ENE
D
0.000000.000000
E
D
0.000000.050000
ESE
D
0.000000.008330
SE
D
0.025000.000000
SSE
D
0.016670.000000
S
D
0.000000.000000
SSW
D
0.000000.000000
SW
D
0.000000.000000
WSW
D
0.000000.000000
W
D
0.008330.025000
WNW
D
0.000000.016670
NW
D
0.000000.008330
NNW
D
0.000000.008330
N
E
0.000000.000000
NNE
E
0.000000.000000
NE
E
0.000000.000000
ENE
E
0.000000.000000
E
E
0.000000.041670
ESE
E
0.008330.000000
SE
E
0.025000.000000
SSE
E
0.050000.000000
S
E
0.000000.000000
SSW
E
0.000000.000000
SW
E
0.008330.000000
WSW
E
0.000000.000000
W
E
0.008330.016670
WNW
E
0.000000.000000
NW
E
0.000000.008330
NNW
E
0.000000.000000
N
F
0.000000.000000
NNE
F
0.000000.000000
NE
F
0.000000.000000
ENE
F
0.000000.000000
E
F
0.000000.008330
ESE
F
0.008330.008330
SE
F
0.008330.000000
SSE
F
0.008330.000000
S
F
0.033330.000000
SSW
F
0.025000.008330
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
008330.000000.000000.00000
05 8330.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
016670.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
008330.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
008330.000000.000000.00000
075000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
033330.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
016670.000000.000000.00000
025000.000000.000000.00000
008330.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
008330.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 90 of 103
-------
SW F 0.033330.000000.000000.000000.000000.00000
WSW F 0.041670.008330.000000.000000.000000.00000
W F 0.016670.000000.000000.000000.000000.00000
WNW F 0.008330.008330.000000.000000.000000.00000
NW F 0.000000.000000.000000.000000.000000.00000
NNW F 0.000000.000000.000000.000000.000000.00000
Weather Data Li bra r
ALABAMA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
HSV0544 iHuntsvillelAL |60/l-64/12
ARIZONA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
INW0314
Winslow
AZ
49/1-54/12
PNX0309
Phoenix
AZ
55/1-64/12
ARKANSAS
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
LIT0516
Little Rock
AR
55/1-64/12
LIT0165
Little Rock
AR
72/2-73/2
CALIFORNIA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
BUR1051
Burba nk
CA
60/1-64/12
LAX0304
Los Angeles
CA
64/5-69/4
LGB1052
Long Beach
CA
60/1-64/12
NZY0380
San Diego
CA
67/1-71/12
OAK0319
Oakland
CA
60/1-64/12
SAC0320
Sacramento
CA
66/1-70/12
SBA0313
Santa Barbara
CA
60/1-64/12
SNA1467
Santa Ana
CA
72/1-76/12
SUU0316
Fairfield/Travis
CA
60/1-64/12
COLORADO
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
DEN0618
Denver
CO
60/1-64/12
DEN0952
Denver
CO
70/1-74/12
EEE1420
Eagle Co.
CO
76/1-76/12
GJT0476
Grand Junction
CO
60/1-64/12
PUB0564
Pueblo
CO
66/1-70/12
CONN
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
BDL1262
Hartford
CT
55/1-64/12
BDR0558
Bridgeport
CT
65/1-69/12
NHZ0180
Brunswick
CT
60/1-69/12
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 91 of 103
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DELAWARE
Abbreviation City
State Year/Month Range
ILG1058
Wilmington|DE |60/l-64/12
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Abbreviation City
State Year/Month Range
DCA1047 iWashinqtonlDC 168/1-73/12
FLORIDA
MIA0979
Miami
FL
70/1-74/12
PBI0054
West Palm Beach
FL
70/1-70/12
TLH0663
Tallahassee
FL
60/1-64/12
TPA0662
Tampa
FL
60/1-64/12
TPA0915
Tampa
FL
69/1-73/12
MCO0838
Orlando
FL
74/1-74/12
GEORGIA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
AGS1018
Augusta
GA
70/1-74/12
AMB0771
Alma
GA
54/1-58/12
CSG0767
Columbus
GA
69/1-73/12
IDAHO
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
BOI0653
Boise
ID
60/1-64/12
MLP1448
Mullan Pass
ID
50/1-54/12
PIH0359
Pocatello
ID
58/1-62/12
ILLINOIS
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
MDW0675
Chicago/Midway
IL
73/1-73/12
MLI0269
Moline/Quad City
IL
67/1-71/12
ORD0452
Chicago/OHare
IL
65/1-69/12
PIA0716
Peoria
IL
65/1-69/12
RAN0234
Rantoul/Chanute AFB
IL
63/1-67/12
SPI0415
Springfield
IL
67/1-71/12
INDIANA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
EVV0406
Evansville
IN
60/1-64/12
FWA1156
Ft. Wayne
IN
60/1-64/12
IND1080
Indianapolis
IN
55/1-74/12
SBN0257
South Bend
IN
67/1-71/12
IOWA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
ALO0729
Waterloo
IA
60/1-64/12
DSM0753
Des Moines
IA
72/1-72/12
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 92 of 103
-------
KANSAS
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
FLV0561
Ft Leavenworth
KS
62/1-70/12
MKC1323
Kansas City
KS
67/1-71/12
TOP0534
Topeka
KS
63/1-72/12
KENTUCKY
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
CVG0403
Covington
KY
58/1-62/12
CVG1916
Covington
KY
70/1-74/12
PAH0479
Paducah
KY
60/1-64/12
LOUISIANA
BTR0169
Baton Rouge
LA
72/1-72/12
BTR0166
Baton Rouge
LA
55/1-64/12
NBG1379
New Orleans
LA
67/1-71/12
MARYLAND
Abbreviation
City
State
Year/Month Range
BAL1059
Baltimore
MD
69/1-73/12
FME1207
Ft Meade
MD
60/1-64/12
NHK1306
Patuxent River
MD
75/1-75/12
MASS
Abbreviation
City
State
Year/Month Range
BED0181
Bedford
MA
63/1-67/12
BOS0211
Boston/Logan
MA
67/1-71/12
CEF0182
Chicopee Falls
MA
60/1-64/12
NZW1144
So. Weymouth
MA
70/1-74/12
MICHIGAN
Abbreviation
City
State
Year/Month Range
BTL1460
Battle Creek
MI
50/1-54/12
TVC0844
Traverse City
MI
74/1-74/12
MKG0251
Muskegon County
MI
67/1-71/12
YIP1061
Detroit
MI
63/10-68/9
MINNESOTA
Abbreviation City
State Year/Month Range
MSP0267 |Minneapolis/St. PIlMN 167/1-71/12
MISSOURI
COU0170
Columbia
MO
64/1-68/12
STL0603
St. Louis
MO
60/1-64/12
MISSISSIPPI
Abbreviation City
State Year/Month Range
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 93 of 103
-------
BIX0538
Biloxi
MS
60/1-64/12
CGM0670
Columbus
MS
66/1-70/12
SGF0178
Springfield
MS
66/1-70/12
JAN1169
Jackson
MS
55/1-64/12
MONTANA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
BIL0331
Billings
MT
67/1-71/12
BTM0357
Butte
MT
56/1-60/12
NEBRASKA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
LNK1142
Lincoln
NE
59/1-63/12
OMA0991
Omaha/Eppley
NB
55/1-64/12
NEVADA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
UCC1026 Yucca Flats
NV 61/12-64/11
NEW JERSEY
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
NEL0505 Lakehurst NJ 68/1-72/12
NEW MEXICO
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
ABQ0282
Albuquerque
NM
60/1-64/12
CNM1741
Carlsbad
NM
50/1-54/12
FMN0285
Farmington
NM
63/5-68/4
GNT1246
Grants
NM
54/1-54/12
SAF1184
Santa Fe
NM
50/1-54/12
NEW YORK
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
ALB0523
Albany
NY
60/1-64/12
BUF0741
Buffalo
NY
73/1-73/12
HPN0429
White Plain
NY
49/1-53/12
IAG0905
Niagra Falls
NY
55/1-59/12
LEA0189
New York/LaGuardia
NY
65/1-70/12
LEA0435
NY/Ft Totte
NY
65/1-69/12
ROC0598
Rochester
NY
55/1-64/12
SWF0185
Newburgh
NY
65/1-69/12
NORTH CAROLINA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
CLT0682
Charlotte
NC
69/1-73/12
FBG0075
Ft Bragg
NC
66/1-70/12
HAT0392
Cape Hatteras
NC
66/1-70/12
INT0531
Winston Salem
NC
60/1-64/12
NKT0106
Cherry Pt
NC
67/1-71/12
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
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-------
ILM0104
Wilmington
NC
66/1-70/12
RDU0083
Raleigh
NC
66/1-70/12
NORTH DAKOTA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
DIK0509 iDickinsonlND 160/1-64/12
OHIO
CLE1140
Cleveland
OH
70/1-74/12
CMH0243
Columbus
OH
60/1-64/12
DAY0404
Dayton
OH
65/1-69/12
DAY1502
Dayton
OH
76/1-76/12
IBG0745
Perry
OH
49/1-49/12
TOL0990
Toledo
OH
60/1-64/12
OREGON
Abbreviation City
State Year/Month Range
PDX0364
Portland OR 67/1-71/12
PENNSYLVANIA
AVP0499
Wilkes-Barre
PA
60/1-64/12
ERI0610
Erie
PA
64/1-73/12
HAR0631
Harrisburg
PA
64/1-64/12
RDG0184
Reading
PA
49/1-49/12
RHODE ISLAND
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
PVD0560 |Providence|RI 168/1-72/12
SOUTH CAROLINA
CAE1371
Columbia
SC
56/1-75/12
FL00600
Florence/Gilbert
SC
60/1-64/12
GSP0528
Greenville/Sparta
SC
68/1-72/12
MYR1027
Myrtle Beach
SC
66/1-70/12
SOUTH DAKOTA
Abbreviation City
State Year/Month Range
RAP0336
Rapid CitylSD 167/1-71/12
TENNESSEE
BNA0149
Nashville
TN
66/1-70/12
CHA0711
Chattanooga
TN
68/1-73/12
MEM0143
Memphis
TN
67/1-71/12
TRI1191
Bristol
TN
74/1-74/12
TYS1328
Knoxville
TN
55/1-64/12
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 95 of 103
-------
TEXAS
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
AMA0621
Amarillo
TX
55/1-64/12
CRP1459
Corpus Christi
TX
73/7-77/6
SATO064
San Antonio
TX
60/1-64/12
UTAH
Abbreviation
City
State
Year/Month Range
HV40302
Hanksville
UT
49/1-54/12
SLC1411
Salt Lake City
UT
72/1-76/12
VIRGINIA
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
IAD0398
Wash/Dulles
VA
66/1-70/12
GVE0824
Gordonsville
VA
56/1-60/12
ROA0526
Roanoke
VA
68/1-72/12
WASHINGTON
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
GEG0360
Spokane
WA
67/1-71/12
MWH0486
Moses Lake
WA
61/1-65/12
YKM0484
Yakima
WA
50/1-54/12
WEST VIRGINIA
Abbreviation City
State
Year/Month Range
CRW0655
Charleston
wv
68/1-73/12
HTS0019
Huntington
wv
67/1-71/12
WISCONSIN
Abbreviation City State Year/Month Range
EAU0715
Eau Claire
WI
69/1-73/12
ERB0776
Green Bay
WI
64/1-73/12
WYOMING
Abbreviation
City
State
Year/Month Range
CPR0335
Casper
WY
67/1-71/12
LND1100
Lander
WY
70/1-74/12
RWL1261
Rawlins
WY
55/1-64/12
RKS1588
Rocky Springs
WY
71/1-75/12
I ;lide List
This is the list of nuclides used by CAP88-PC Version 4.1 from the DCFPAK V3.02 data.
Count: 1252
Special Ingestion and Inhalation Chemical Forms in CAP88 Version 4.1
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation
Page 96 of 103
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Element
Special Ingestion Chemical
Forms
Special Inhalation Chemical
Forms (including gases and
vapors)
Hydrogen
Tritiated Water (HTO)
Organically Bound Tritium
Tritiated Water (HTO)
Elemental Tritium (HT)
Organically Bound Tritium
Carbon
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon Dioxide (C02)
Sulfur
Sulfur Dioxide (S02)
Carbon Disulfide (CS2)
Nickel
Nickel Vapor
Ruthenium
Ruthenium Vapor
Tellurium
Tellurium Vapor
Iodine
Iodine Vapor
Methyl Iodide (CH3I)
Mercury
Inorganic
Methyl
Organic
Inorganic
Mercury Vapor
Organic
Polonium
Organic
Inorganic
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 97 of 103
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Nuclides in CAP88 Version 4.1
Element
Internal & External Dose
Conversion Factors
External Dose Conversion
Factors Only
Hydrogen
H-3
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Be-7, Be-10
Boron
Carbon
C-11, C-14
C-10
Nitrogen
N-13, N-16
Oxygen
0-14, 0-15, 0-19
Fluorine
F-18
F-17
Neon
Ne-19, Ne-24
Sodium
Na-22, Na-24
Magnesium
Mg-28
Mg-27
Aluminum
AI-26
AI-28, AI-29
Silicon
Si-31, Si-32
Phosphorus
P-32, P-33
P-30
Sulfur
S-35, S-38
S-37
Chlorine
Cl-34m, CI-36, CI-38, CI-39
CI-34, CI-40
Argon
Ar-37, Ar-39, Ar-41, Ar-42, Ar-43, Ar-44
Potassium
K-40, K-42, K-43, K-44, K-45
K-38, K-46
Calcium
Ca-41, Ca-45, Ca-47
Ca-49
Scandium
Sc-43, Sc-44, Sc-44m, Sc-46, Sc-47,
Sc-48, Sc-49
Sc-42m, Sc-50
Titanium
Ti-44, Ti-45
Ti-51, Ti-52
Vanadium
V-47, V-48, V-49, V-50
V-52, V-53
Chromium
Cr-48, Cr-49, Cr-51
Cr-55, Cr-56
Manganese
Mn-51, Mn-52, Mn-52m, Mn-53, Mn-54,
Mn-56
Mn-50m, Mn-57, Mn-58m
Iron
Fe-52, Fe-55, Fe-59, Fe-60
Fe-53, Fe-53m, Fe-61, Fe-62
Cobalt
Co-55, Co-56, Co-57, Co-58, Co-58m,
Co-60, Co-60m, Co-61, Co-62m
Co-54m, Co-62
Nickel
Ni-56, Ni-57, Ni-59, Ni-63, Ni-65, Ni-66
Copper
Cu-60, Cu-61, Cu-64, Cu-67
Cu-57, Cu-59, Cu-62, Cu-66, Cu-69
Zinc
Zn-62, Zn-63, Zn-65, Zn-69, Zn-69m,
Zn-71m, Zn-72
Zn-60, Zn-61, Zn-71
Gallium
Ga-65, Ga-66, Ga-67, Ga-68, Ga-70,
Ga-72, Ga-73
Ga-64, Ga-74
Germanium
Ge-66, Ge-67, Ge-68, Ge-69, Ge-71,
Ge-75, Ge-77, Ge-78
Arsenic
As-69, As-70, As-71, As-72, As-73, As-
74, As-76, As-77, As-78
As-68, As-79
Selenium
Se-70, Se-72, Se-73, Se-73m, Se-75,
Se-79, Se-81, Se-81m, Se-83
Se-71, Se-77m, Se-79m, Se-83m, Se-84
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 98 of 103
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Element
Internal & External Dose
Conversion Factors
External Dose Conversion
Factors Only
Bromine
Br-74, Br-74m, Br-75, Br-76, Br-77, Br-
80, Br-80m, Br-82, Br-83, Br-84
Br-72, Br-73, Br-76m, Br-77m, Br-78, Br-
82m, Br-84m, Br-85
Krypton
Kr-74, Kr-75, Kr-76, Kr-77, Kr-79, Kr-81,
Kr-81m, Kr-83m, Kr-85, Kr-85m, Kr-87,
Kr-88, Kr-89
Rubidium
Rb-78, Rb-79, Rb-81, Rb-81m, Rb-82m,
Rb-83, Rb-84, Rb-84m, Rb-86, Rb-87,
Rb-88, Rb-89
Rb-77, Rb-78m, Rb-80, Rb-82, Rb-86m,
Rb-90, Rb-90m
Strontium
Sr-80, Sr-81, Sr-82, Sr-83, Sr-85, Sr-
85m, Sr-87m, Sr-89, Sr-90, Sr-91, Sr-92
Sr-79, Sr-93, Sr-94
Yttrium
Y-84m, Y-85, Y-85m, Y-86, Y-86m, Y-
87, Y-87m, Y-88, Y-90, Y-90m, Y-91, Y-
91 m, Y-92, Y-93, Y-94, Y-95
Y-81, Y-83, Y-83m, Y-89m
Zirconium
Zr-86, Zr-87, Zr-88, Zr-89, Zr-93, Zr-95,
Zr-97
Zr-85, Zr-89m
Niobium
Nb-88, Nb-89, Nb-89m, Nb-90, Nb-91,
Nb-91m, Nb-92, Nb-92m, Nb-93m, Nb-
94, Nb-95, Nb-95m, Nb-96, Nb-97, Nb-
98m
Nb-87, Nb-88m, Nb-94m, Nb-99, Nb-
99m
Molybdenum
Mo-90, Mo-91, Mo-93, Mo-93m, Mo-99,
Mo-101, Mo-102
Mo-89, Mo-91 m
Technetium
Tc-93, Tc-93m, Tc-94, Tc-94m, Tc-95,
Tc-95m, Tc-96, Tc-96m, Tc-97, Tc-97m,
Tc-98, Tc-99, Tc-99m, Tc-101, Tc-104
Tc-91, Tc-91 m, Tc-92, Tc-102, Tc-102m,
Tc-105
Ruthenium
Ru-94, Ru-95, Ru-97, Ru-103, Ru-105,
Ru-106
Ru-92, Ru-107, Ru-108
Rhodium
Rh-97, Rh-97m, Rh-99, Rh-99m, Rh-
100, Rh-101, Rh-101m, Rh-102, Rh-
102m, Rh-103m, Rh-105, Rh-106m, Rh-
107
Rh-94, Rh-95, Rh-95m, Rh-96, Rh-96m,
Rh-98, Rh-100m, Rh-104, Rh-104m, Rh-
106, Rh-108, Rh-109
Palladium
Pd-98, Pd-99, Pd-100, Pd-101, Pd-103,
Pd-107, Pd-109, Pd-111, Pd-112
Pd-96, Pd-97, Pd-109m, Pd-114
Silver
Ag-101, Ag-102, Ag-103, Ag-104, Ag-
104m, Ag-105, Ag-106, Ag-106m, Ag-
108m, Ag-110m, Ag-111, Ag-112, Ag-
113, Ag-115
Ag-99, Ag-100m, Ag-102m, Ag-105m,
Ag-108, Ag-109m, Ag-110, Ag-111m,
Ag-113m, Ag-114, Ag-116, Ag-117
Cadmium
Cd-104, Cd-105, Cd-107, Cd-109, Cd-
111m, Cd-113, Cd-113m, Cd-115, Cd-
115m, Cd-117, Cd-117m, Cd-118
Cd-101, Cd-102, Cd-103, Cd-119, Cd-
119m
Indium
ln-107, ln-108, ln-108m, ln-109, ln-110,
ln-110m, ln-111, ln-112, ln-112m, In-
113m, ln-114m, ln-115, ln-115m, In-
116m, ln-117, ln-117m, ln-119m
ln-103, ln-105, ln-106, ln-106m, In-
109m, ln-111m, ln-114, ln-118, ln-118m,
ln-119, ln-121, ln-121 m
Tin
Sn-108, Sn-109, Sn-110, Sn-111, Sn-
113, Sn-113m, Sn-117m, Sn-119m, Sn-
121, Sn-121m, Sn-123, Sn-123m, Sn-
125, Sn-126, Sn-127, Sn-128
Sn-106, Sn-125m, Sn-127m, Sn-129,
Sn-130, Sn-130m
Antimony
Sb-115, Sb-116, Sb-116m, Sb-117, Sb-
118m, Sb-119, Sb-120, Sb-120m,Sb-
122, Sb-124, Sb-124n, Sb-125, Sb-126,
Sb-111, Sb-113, Sb-114, Sb-118, Sb-
122m, Sb-124m, Sb-130m, Sb-133
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 99 of 103
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Element
Internal & External Dose
Conversion Factors
External Dose Conversion
Factors Only
Sb-126m, Sb-127, Sb-128, Sb-128m,
Sb-129, Sb-130, Sb-131
Tellurium
Te-114, Te-116, Te-117, Te-118, Te-
119, Te-119m, Te-121, Te-121 m, Te-
123, Te-123m, Te-125m, Te-127, Te-
127m, Te-129, Te-129m, Te-131, Te-
131m, Te-132, Te-133, Te-133m, Te-
134
Te-113, Te-115, Te-115m
Iodine
1-118, 1-119, 1-120, l-120m, 1-121, 1-123,
1-124, 1-125, 1-126, 1-128, 1-129, 1-130, I-
131, 1-132, 1-132m, 1-133, 1-134, 1-135
1-118m, 1-122, l-130m, l-134m
Xenon
Xe-120, Xe-121, Xe-122, Xe-123, Xe-
125, Xe-127, Xe-127m, Xe-129m, Xe-
131m, Xe-133, Xe-133m, Xe-135, Xe-
135m, Xe-137, Xe-138
Cesium
Cs-125, Cs-127, Cs-129, Cs-130, Cs-
131, Cs-132, Cs-134, Cs-134m, Cs-135,
Cs-135m, Cs-136, Cs-137, Cs-138
Cs-121, Cs-121m, Cs-123, Cs-124, Cs-
126, Cs-128, Cs-130m, Cs-138m, Cs-
139, Cs-140
Barium
Ba-124, Ba-126, Ba-127, Ba-128, Ba-
129, Ba-129m, Ba-131, Ba-131m, Ba-
133, Ba-133m, Ba-135m, Ba-139, Ba-
140, Ba-141, Ba-142
Ba-137m
Lanthanum
La-129, La-131, La-132, La-132m, La-
133, La-135, La-137, La-138, La-140,
La-141, La-142, La-143
La-128, La-130, La-134, La-136
Cerium
Ce-130, Ce-131, Ce-132, Ce-133, Ce-
133m, Ce-134, Ce-135, Ce-137, Ce-
137m, Ce-139, Ce-141, Ce-143, Ce-144
Ce-145
Praseodymium
Pr-134, Pr-134m, Pr-135, Pr-136, Pr-
137, Pr-138m, Pr-139, Pr-142, Pr-142m,
Pr-143, Pr-144, Pr-145, Pr-146, Pr-147
Pr-138, Pr-140, Pr-144m, Pr-148, Pr-
148m
Neodymium
Nd-135, Nd-136, Nd-137, Nd-138, Nd-
139, Nd-139m, Nd-140, Nd-141, Nd-144,
Nd-147, Nd-149, Nd-151, Nd-152
Nd-134, Nd-141m
Promethium
Pm-141, Pm-143, Pm-144, Pm-145, Pm-
146, Pm-147, Pm-148, Pm-148m, Pm-
149, Pm-150, Pm-151
Pm-136, Pm-137m, Pm-139, Pm-140,
Pm-140m, Pm-142, Pm-152, Pm-152m,
Pm-153, Pm-154, Pm-154m
Samarium
Sm-140, Sm-141, Sm-141m, Sm-142,
Sm-145, Sm-146, Sm-147, Sm-148, Sm-
151, Sm-153, Sm-155, Sm-156
Sm-139, Sm-143, Sm-143m, Sm-157
Europium
Eu-145, Eu-146, Eu-147, Eu-148, Eu-
149, Eu-150, Eu-150m, Eu-152, Eu-
152m, Eu-152n, Eu-154, Eu-154m, Eu-
155, Eu-156, Eu-157, Eu-158, Eu-159
Eu-142, Eu-142m, Eu-143, Eu-144
Gadolinium
Gd-145, Gd-146, Gd-147, Gd-148, Gd-
149, Gd-150, Gd-151, Gd-152, Gd-153,
Gd-159
Gd-142, Gd-143m, Gd-144, Gd-145m,
Gd-162
Terbium
Tb-147, Tb-148, Tb-149, Tb-150, Tb-
151, Tb-152, Tb-153, Tb-154, Tb-155,
Tb-156, Tb-156m, Tb-156n, Tb-157, Tb-
158, Tb-160, Tb-161, Tb-163
Tb-146, Tb-147m, Tb-148m, Tb-149m,
Tb-150m, Tb-151m, Tb-152m, Tb-162,
Tb-164, Tb-165
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 100 of 103
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Element
Internal & External Dose
Conversion Factors
External Dose Conversion
Factors Only
Dysprosium
Dy-151, Dy-152, Dy-153, Dy-154, Dy-
155, Dy-157, Dy-159, Dy-165, Dy-166
Dy-148, Dy-149, Dy-150, Dy-165m, Dy-
167, Dy-168
Holmium
Ho-154, Ho-155, Ho-156, Ho-157, Ho-
159, Ho-160, Ho-161, Ho-162, Ho-162m,
Ho-163, H0-164, Ho-164m, Ho-166, Ho-
166m, Ho-167
Ho-150, Ho-153, Ho-153m, Ho-154m,
Ho-168, Ho-168m, Ho-170
Erbium
Er-156, Er-159, Er-161, Er-163, Er-165,
Er-169, Er-171, Er-172
Er-154, Er-167m, Er-173
Thulium
Tm-161, Tm-162, Tm-163, Tm-165, Tm-
166, Tm-167, Tm-168, Tm-170, Tm-171,
Tm-172, Tm-173, Tm-175
Tm-164, Tm-174, Tm-176
Ytterbium
Yb-162, Yb-163, Yb-164, Yb-166, Yb-
167, Yb-169, Yb-175, Yb-177, Yb-178
Yb-165, Yb-179
Lutetium
Lu-165, Lu-167, Lu-169, Lu-170, Lu-171,
Lu-172, Lu-173, Lu-174, Lu-174m, Lu-
176, Lu-176m, Lu-177, Lu-177m, Lu-
178, Lu-178m, Lu-179
Lu-169m, Lu-171m, Lu-172m, Lu-180,
Lu-181
Hafnium
Hf-170, Hf-172, Hf-173, Hf-174, Hf-175,
Hf-177m, Hf-178m, Hf-179m, Hf-180m,
Hf-181, Hf-182, Hf-182m, Hf-183, Hf-184
Hf-167, Hf-169
Tantalum
Ta-172, Ta-173, Ta-174, Ta-175, Ta-
176, Ta-177, Ta-178m, Ta-179, Ta-180,
Ta-182, Ta-182m, Ta-183, Ta-184, Ta-
185, Ta-186
Ta-170, Ta-178
Tungsten
W-177, W-178, W-179, W-181, W-185,
W-187, W-188, W-190
W-179m, W-185m
Rhenium
Re-178, Re-179, Re-181, Re-182, Re-
182m, Re-183, Re-184, Re-184m, Re-
186, Re-186m, Re-187, Re-188, Re-
188m, Re-189, Re-190m
Re-180, Re-190
Osmium
Os-180, Os-181, Os-182, Os-183, Os-
183m, Os-185, Os-186, Os-189m, Os-
191, Os-191 m, Os-193, Os-194, Os-196
Os-190m
Iridium
lr-182, lr-183, lr-184, lr-185, lr-186, Ir-
186m, lr-187, lr-188, lr-189, lr-190, Ir-
190m, lr-190n, lr-192, lr-192n, lr-193m,
lr-194, lr-194m, lr-195, lr-195m, lr-196m
lr-180, lr-191m, lr-192m, lr-196
Platinum
Pt-184, Pt-186, Pt-187, Pt-188, Pt-189,
Pt-190, Pt-191, Pt-193, Pt-193m, Pt-
195m, Pt-197, Pt-197m, Pt-199, Pt-200,
Pt-202
Gold
Au-186, Au-190, Au-191, Au-192, Au-
193, Au-194, Au-195, Au-196, Au-196m,
Au-198, Au-198m, Au-199, Au-200, Au-
200m, Au-201
Au-187, Au-193m, Au-195m, Au-202
Mercury
Hg-190, Hg-191m, Hg-192, Hg-193, Hg-
193m, Hg-194, Hg-195, Hg-195m, Hg-
197, Hg-197m, Hg-199m, Hg-203
Hg-205, Hg-206, Hg-207
Thallium
TI-194, TI-194m, TI-195, TI-196, TI-197,
TI-198, TI-198m, TI-199, TI-200, TI-201,
TI-202, TI-204
TI-190, TI-190m, TI-206, Tl-206m, Tl-
207, TI-208, TI-209, TI-210
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 101 of 103
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Element
Internal & External Dose
Conversion Factors
External Dose Conversion
Factors Only
Lead
Pb-194, Pb-195m, Pb-196, Pb-197m,
Pb-198, Pb-199, Pb-200, Pb-201, Pb-
202, Pb-202m, Pb-203, Pb-204m, Pb-
205, Pb-209, Pb-210, Pb-211, Pb-212,
Pb-214
Pb-197, Pb-201 m
Bismuth
Bi-200, Bi-201, Bi-202, Bi-203, Bi-204,
Bi-205, Bi-206, Bi-207, Bi-208, Bi-210,
Bi-210m, Bi-212, Bi-213, Bi-214
Bi-197, Bi-211, Bi-212n, Bi-215, Bi-216
Polonium
Po-203, Po-204, Po-205, Po-206, Po-
207, Po-208, Po-209, Po-210
Po-211, Po-212, Po-212m, Po-213, Po-
214, Po-215, Po-216, Po-218
Astatine
At-205, At-206, At-207, At-208, At-209,
At-210, At-211
At-204, At-215, At-216, At-217, At-218,
At-219, At-220
Radon
Rn-207, Rn-209, Rn-210, Rn-211, Rn-
212, Rn-215, Rn-216, Rn-217, Rn-218,
Rn-219, Rn-220, Rn-222, Rn-223
Francium
Fr-212, Fr-222, Fr-223
Fr-219, Fr-220, Fr-221, Fr-224, Fr-227
Radium
Ra-223, Ra-224, Ra-225, Ra-226, Ra-
227, Ra-228, Ra-230
Ra-219, Ra-220, Ra-221, Ra-222
Actinium
Ac-224, Ac-225, Ac-226, Ac-227, Ac-228
Ac-223, Ac-230, Ac-231, Ac-232, Ac-233
Thorium
Th-226, Th-227, Th-228, Th-229, Th-
230, Th-231, Th-232, Th-233, Th-234,
Th-236
Th-223, Th-224, Th-235
Protactinium
Pa-227, Pa-228, Pa-229, Pa-230, Pa-
231, Pa-232, Pa-233, Pa-234, Pa-235
Pa-234m, Pa-236, Pa-237
Uranium
U-230, U-231, U-232, U-233, U-234, U-
235, U-235m, U-236, U-237, U-238, U-
239, U-240, U-242
U-227, U-228
Neptunium
Np-232, Np-233, Np-234, Np-235, Np-
236, Np-236m, Np-237, Np-238, Np-239,
Np-240, Np-241
Np-240m, Np-242, Np-242m
Plutonium
Pu-232, Pu-234, Pu-235, Pu-236, Pu-
237, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-240, Pu-241,
Pu-242, Pu-243, Pu-244, Pu-245, Pu-
246
Americium
Am-237, Am-238, Am-239, Am-240, Am-
241, Am-242, Am-242m, Am-243, Am-
244, Am-244m, Am-245, Am-246, Am-
246m, Am-247
Curium
Cm-238, Cm-239, Cm-240, Cm-241,
Cm-242, Cm-243, Cm-244, Cm-245,
Cm-246, Cm-247, Cm-248, Cm-249,
Cm-250, Cm-251
Berkelium
Bk-245, Bk-246, Bk-247, Bk-248m, Bk-
249, Bk-250, Bk-251
Californium
Cf-244, Cf-246, Cf-247, Cf-248, Cf-249,
Cf-250, Cf-251, Cf-252, Cf-253, Cf-254,
Cf-255
Einsteinium
Es-249, Es-250, Es-250m, Es-251, Es-
253, Es-254, Es-254m, Es-255, Es-256
Fermium
Fm-251, Fm-252, Fm-253, Fm-254, Fm-
255, Fm-256, Fm-257
CAP88-PC 4.1 Documentation Page 102 of 103
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