Evaluating Ozone Control Programs in the Eastern United States: Focus on the NOx Budget Trading Program, 2004 State and Local Information for EPA Region 4


Evaluating Ozone Control Programs in
the Eastern United States: Focus on the
NOx Budget Trading Program, 2004
State and Local Information for EPA Region 4
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
October 2005

-------
Alabama
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004. After 2002 the
largest emission reductions were NOx emissions from power generating sources.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
97,789
76,942
54,368
Mobile On-Road
77,822
61,297
54,968
Other
88,226
75,013
77,040
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
56,914
41,651
37,307
Solvent Usage
41,888
39,570
39,014
Other
76,937
62,327
60,344
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

-------
Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2C
)02 and 200^

Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Birmingham. AL MSA
0.09
0.09
0.08
Columbus, GA--AL MSA
0.08
0.08
0.07
Decatur, AL MSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
Florence, AL MSA

0.08
0.07
Gadsden, AL MSA

0.08
0.07
Huntsville, AL MSA
0.09
0.08
0.08
Mobile, AL MSA
0.08
0.08
0.08
Montgomery, AL MSA
0.07
0.08
0.07
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA

0.08
0.07
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).
Notes:
•	Data from exceptional events are not included.
•	The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs
according to their air quality.
•	The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Birmingham, AL
Sand Mountain (SND152)
1997	1999	2001	2003	1997	1999	2001	2003
Year	Year

-------
Florida
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
143,725
121,085
103,151
Mobile On-Road
184,011
175,885
156,086
Other
102,333
106,284
106,332
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
145,625
131,200
115,882
Solvent Usage
103,321
80,488
82,415
Other
154,373
158,681
152,432
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

-------
Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2C
)02 and 200^

Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Fort Lauderdale, FL PMSA
0.07
0.07
0.06
Miami, FL PMSA
0.08
0.07
0.07
Daytona Beach, FL MSA
0.07
0.07
0.07
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL MSA
0.07
0.06
0.07
Fort Pierce—Port St. Lucie, FL MSA
0.07
0.06
0.07
Gainesville, FL MSA
0.08
0.07
0.08
Jacksonville, FL MSA
0.09
0.07
0.08
Lakeland—Winter Haven, FL MSA
0.08
0.07
0.07
Melbourne—Titusville—Palm Bay, FL MSA
0.08
0.07
0.07
Naples, FL MSA

0.06
0.07
Ocala, FL MSA

0.08
0.08
Orlando, FL MSA
0.08
0.08
0.08
Panama City, FL MSA

0.07
0.08
Pensacola, FL MSA
0.09
0.08
0.08
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA
0.08
0.08
0.08
Tallahassee, FL MSA
0.05
0.07
0.07
Tampa—St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA
0.09
0.07
0.08
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL MSA
0.07
0.06
0.07
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).


Notes:



• Data from exceptional events are not included.



• The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs
according to their air quality.
• The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.

-------
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Sumatra (SUM156)
80 -
70 -
| 60-
o
o 50 -
N
o
40 -
30 -
1997	1999	2001	2003
Year

-------
Georgia
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004. After 2002 the
largest emission reductions were NOx emissions from power generating sources.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
84,096
60,165
30,422
Mobile On-Road
135,879
125,649
112,712
Other
82,260
105,837
101,087
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
95,463
75,187
68,109
Solvent Usage
54,566
54,479
54,364
Other
74,802
81,302
79,132
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

-------
Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2C
)02 and 200^

Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Athens, GA MSA

0.08
0.08
Atlanta, GA MSA
0.11
0.1
0.09
Augusta-Aiken, GA--SC MSA
0.09
0.09
0.08
Chattanooga, TN--GA MSA
0.09
0.1
0.08
Columbus, GA--AL MSA
0.08
0.08
0.07
Macon GA MSA
0.1
0.09
0.09
Savannah, GA MSA
0.07
0.07
0.07
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).


Notes:
•	Data from exceptional events are not included.
•	The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs
according to their air quality.
•	The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Atlanta, GA
Georgia Station (GAS153)
80 -
70 -
60 -
50 -
40 -
30 H
1997
80 -
70 -
60 -
50 -
40 -
30 H
1997

-------
Kentucky
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004. After 2002 the
largest emission reductions were NOx emissions from power generating sources.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
144,736
77,444
40,392
Mobile On-Road
69,896
58,513
52,745
Other
84,953
92,741
90,547
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
44,159
33,302
29,827
Solvent Usage
39,478
31,835
32,078
Other
59,573
55,376
54,814
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .

-------
Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2C
)02 and 200^

Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN PMSA
0.09
0.1
0.08
Clarksville—Hopkinsville, TN--KY MSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
Evansville—Henderson, IN--KY MSA
0.1
0.1
0.07
Huntington—Ashland. WV--KY--OH MSA
0.09
0.1
0.07
Lexington, KY MSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
Louisville, KY--IN MSA
0.1
0.1
0.08
Owensboro, KY MSA
0.09
0.09
0.07
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).
Notes:
•	Data from exceptional events are not included.
•	The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs
according to their air quality.
•	The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.

-------
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Louisville, KY
Crockett (CKT136)
80 -
70 -
60 -
50 -
40 -
30 H
1997
80 -
70 -
60 -
50 -
40 -
30 H
1997
Cadiz (CDZ171)
Mackville (MCK131)
80 -

80 -
70 -

70 -
-Q
——
-Q
(PF
G>
O
—
(PF
G>
O
0)

-------
Mississippi
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
24,474
23,103
21,951
Mobile On-Road
52,232
47,493
41,696
Other
88,325
76,476
77,750
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
33,541
25,060
21,956
Solvent Usage
40,820
34,786
34,666
Other
51,479
55,334
54,303
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .
-------
Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2C
)02 and 200^

Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Biloxi—Gulfport—Pascagoula. MS MSA
0.1
0.08
0.08
Jackson, MS MSA
0.08
0.08
0.07
Memphis, TN--AR--MS MSA
0.09
0.1
0.08
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).
Notes:
• Data from exceptional events are not included.
• The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs
according to their air quality.
• The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
-------
North Carolina
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004. After 2002 the
largest emission reductions were NOx emissions from power generating sources.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
123,459
68,345
39,821
Mobile On-Road
124,413
110,220
98,700
Other
68,429
63,206
62,875
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
83,618
68,681
61,793
Solvent Usage
105,208
77,021
77,101
Other
98,910
97,315
94,890
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .
-------
Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2002 and 2004
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Asheville, NC MSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
Charlotte~Gastonia~Rock Hill, NC--SC MSA
0.11
0.11
0.09
Fayetteville, NC MSA
0.09
0.1
0.08
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point. NC MSA
0.09
0.1
0.08
Greenville, NC MSA
0.1
0.09
0.07
Hickory—Morganton—Lenoir, NC MSA
0.08
0.1
0.07
Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Newport News, VA--NC MSA
0.1
0.1
0.08
Raleigh—Durham—Chapel Hill, NC MSA
0.1
0.11
0.08
Rocky Mount, NC MSA
0.09
0.1
0.07
Wilmington, NC MSA
0.08
0.08
0.07
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).

Notes:
• Data from exceptional events are not included.
• The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs according to their air
quality.
• The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some pollutants, may
not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
-------
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Raleigh, NC Charlotte, NC
Candor (CND125)
Coweeta (COW137)
Beaufort (BFT142)
80 -
70 -
1 60-
40 -
1997 1999 2001 2003
Year
-------
South Carolina
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004. After 2002 the
largest emission reductions were NOx emissions from power generating sources.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
46,836
39,456
25,352
Mobile On-Road
66,258
59,871
53,454
Other
44,946
46,329
43,830
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
43,657
35,967
31,994
Solvent Usage
41,805
36,325
36,273
Other
59,344
55,613
54,015
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .
-------
Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2002 and 2004
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Augusta-Aiken, GA--SC MSA
0.09
0.09
0.08
Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA
0.08
0.07
0.07
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC--SC MSA
0.11
0.11
0.09
Columbia, SC MSA
0.09
0.09
0.08
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC MSA
0.09
0.09
0.08
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).

Notes:

• Data from exceptional events are not included.

• The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs according
to their air quality.
• The monitoring data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site and, for some
pollutants, may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
Trends for 1997-2004 with 95 percent confidence limits are presented below. Ozone season
averages of daily maximum 8-hour ozone were adjusted to remove the influence of year-to-year
variability in meteorology.
Seasonal Average 8-hour Ozone Trends
Columbia, SC
80 -
70 -
s 60-
0)
S 50-
o
40 -
30 -
1997 1999 2001 2003
Year
-------
Tennessee
Emissions
State total emissions of NOx and VOCs have decreased from 1997 to 2004. After 2002 the
largest emission reductions were NOx emissions from power generating sources.
Ozone Season (May-September) Emission Totals by Major Source Categories (tons)
Source Category
1997
2002
2004
NOx Emissions
Power Industry
119,739
70,867
31,489
Mobile On-Road
91,753
82,048
73,267
Other
91,878
82,715
78,131
VOC Emissions
Mobile On-Road
61,858
50,008
44,700
Solvent Usage
77,252
54,545
55,711
Other
93,672
81,342
81,093
The emissions data used in the report are measured or estimated values from EPA's National
Emissions Inventory (NEI). Starting in 1997, the NEI incorporated power industry data
measured by the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS). For 2002, the preliminary
version of the NEI was used, which includes the 2002 CEMS data, but does not include 2002
data for other sources submitted by state, local, and tribal air agencies.
EPA used CEMS data for the power industry for 2003 and 2004. Emissions for other sources for
that period were estimated by interpolating between the 2002 preliminary NEI data and a
projected 2010 emission inventory developed to support the Clean Air Interstate Rule.
For additional information use the following online resources:
National Emissions Inventory (NEI): www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net.
Emissions data for the power industry: http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm .
Information on mobile sources: www.epa.gov/otaq .
-------
Ozone
On average, ozone has declined between 1997 and 2004. These improvements in ozone are in
response to both state and regional reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. The level of ozone
improvement varies from site to site.
Highest Fourth Daily Maximum 8-hour Ozone Concentration by Metropolitan Statistical
Area, 1997, 2002 and 2004
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1997
03 8-hr (ppm)
2002
03 8-hr (ppm)
2004
03 8-hr (ppm)
Chattanooga, TN--GA MSA
0.09
0.1
0.08
Clarksville—Hopkinsville, TN--KY MSA
0.08
0.09
0.07
Johnson City—Kingsport—Bristol, TN--VA MSA
0.09
0.09
0.08
Knoxville, TN MSA
0.1
0.1
0.08
Memphis. TN-AR-MS MSA
0.09
0.1
0.08
Nashville, TN MSA
0.1
0.09
0.08
Level of the NAAQS is .08 ppm. Units are parts per million (ppm).

Notes:

• Data from exceptional events are not included.