Annotated Reference Outline for the Toxicological Review of Methylcyclohexane (cas No. 108-87-2) in Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (iris)


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or EPA ID for final]
www.epa.gov/iris
4>EPA
ANNOTATED REFERENCE OUTLINE
FOR THE TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW
OF
Methylcyclohexane
(CAS No. 108-87-2)
In Support of Summary Information on the
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
2/13/09
NOTICE
This document is a [author: insert Agency Review or external review] draft. It has not been
formally released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and should not at this stage be
construed to represent Agency position on this chemical. It is being circulated for review of its
technical accuracy and science policy implications.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC

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REVIEWS
ACGIH. (2001) Methyl cyclohexane. ACGIH. Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure
indices.
ACGIH. (2007) Methylcyclohexane. In: Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists.
Anonymous. (2007) Recommendation of occupational exposure limits (2007-2008). J Occup Health 49(4):328-344.
Bingham, E; Cohrssen, B; Powell, CH. (2001) Methylcyclohexane. In: Bingham, E; Cohrssen, B and Powell, CH;
eds. Patty's Toxicology. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; pp. 166-168.
Browning, E. (1950) Industrial solvents: The aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons. British Medical Journal 7:19-23.
Damg; ecirc; ard Nielsen, G; et al. (1982) Toxicological evaluation of a number of substances that may pollute the
workplace air. Arbejdstilsynet.
Gosselin, RE; Smith, RP; Hodge, HC. (1984) Methylcyclohexane. In: Clinical toxicology of commercial products.
Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; pp. 11-151.
Grant, WM; Schuman, JS (1993) [cyclohexane]. In: Toxicology of the eye. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; p.
492.
Hau, KM; Connell, DW; Richardson, BJ. (2000) Use of partition models in setting health guidelines for volatile
organic compounds. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 3 l(l):22-29.
INCHEM. (2008) Methylcyclohexane. ICSC 0923. International Programme on Chemical Safety; Available online
at http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0923.htm (accessed January 19, 2009).
International Labour Office. (1983) Cycloparaffins. In: Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety. Geneva,
Switzerland: International Labour Office; pp. 578-580.
NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health). (2005) NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards.
Washington, DC: Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0406.html (accessed January 13, 2009).
Sax, NI. (1984) Cyclohexylmethane. In: Dangerous properties of industrial materials. 6th edition. New York, NY:
Van Nostrand Reinhold; pp. 838-839.
Sikkema, J; De Bont, JA; Poolman, B. (1995) Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. Microbiol Rev
59(2):201-222.
Simonsen, L; Lund, SP. (1992) A strategy for delineating risks due to exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. Am J Ind
Med 21(6):773-792.
Snyder, R. (ed) (1987) Methylcyclohexane. In: Ethyl browning's toxicity and metabolism of industrial solvents.
Volume 1: Hydrocarbons. 2nd edition. Oxford: Elsevier; pp. 238-240.
Tabershaw, IR; Utidjian, HMD; Kawahara, BL. (1977) Chemical Hazards. In: Occupational diseases, a guide to
their recognition, revised edition. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare
Toscano, WAJ; McNulty, SE. (1995) Toxic and carcinogenic chemicals in biomedical laboratories. In: Fleming,
DO; Richardson, JH; Tulis, JJ; et al.; eds. Laboratory safety. Principles and practices. 2nd edition. Washington, DC:
American Society for Microbiology; pp. 133-141.
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U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (1984) Health and environmental effects profile for
methylcyclohexane. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; NTIS PB88137898; EPAOCP053.
U.S. EPA. (1991) Health and environmental effects document for methylcyclohexane. Cincinnati,OH:
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office; ECAO-CIN-G127.
Von Oettingen, WF. (1940) Toxicity and potential dangers of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. A critical review
of the literature. In: U.S. Public Health Bulletin, No 255. Washington, DC: U.S. Public Health Service; pp. 1-135.
2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION
ACGIH. (2001) Methyl Cyclohexane. ACGIH. Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure
indices 2
Atkinson, R. (1989) Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic
compounds. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. Monograph No. 1:1-247.
Ferreira-Aparicio, P; Rodriguez-Ramos, I; Guerrero-Ruiz, A. (2002) Pure hydrogen production from
methylcyclohexane using a new high performance membrane reactor. Chem Commun (Camb) (18):2082-2083.
Hansch, C; Leo, A; Hoekman, D. (1995) In: Exploring QSAR - hydrophobic, electronic, and steric constants.
Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society; pp. 35.
Hine, J; Mookeijee, PK. (1975) The intrinsic hydrophilic character of organic compounds. Correlations in terms of
structural contributions. J Org Chem 40:292-298.
INCHEM. (2008) Methylcyclohexane. ICSC 0923. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Available online
at http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0923.htm (accessed January 19, 2009).
International Labour Office. (1983) Cycloparaffins. In: Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety. Geneva,
Switzerland: International Labour Office; pp. 578-580.
Lide, DR; (ed.). (2005-2006) Methylcyclohexane. In: CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. 73rd edition. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc.; pp. 3-346, 343-347.
NIOSH. (2005) NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. Washington, DC: National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0406.html (accessed January 13, 2009).
Park, Y-S; Park, S-J. (2000) Determination and prediction of octanol/water partition coefficients and air/water
partition coefficients for environmental toxic chemicals. Kongop Hwahak 11(7):773-779.
Paulson, S; Grosjean, D; Flagan, RC; et al. (1988) Atmospheric chemistry of organic aerosol precursors n-octane 1-
octene and methylcyclohexane. 196th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Los Angeles, California,
USA, September 25-30, 1988. AbstrPap Am Chem Soc 196:116-117.
Sax, NI. (1984) Cyclohexylmethane. In: Dangerous properties of industrial materials. 6th edition. New York, NY:
Van Nostrand Reinhold; pp. 838-839.
Verschueren, K. (2001) Methylcyclohexane. In: Handbook of environmental data of organic chemicals. 2nd edition.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.; pp. 1477-1478.
Von Oettingen, WF. (1940) Toxicity and potential dangers of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. A critical review
of the literature. In: U.S. Public Health Bulletin, No 255. Washington, DC: U.S. Public Health Service; pp. 1-135.
3. TOXICOKINETICS
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3.1. ABSORPTION
Elliott, TH; Tao, RC; Williams, RT. (1965) The metabolism of methylcyclohexane. Biochem J 95:70-76.
Hao, S; Yin, S; Li, G; et al. (2000) Study on the absorption of environmental contaminants in low-level exposure by
pharmacokinetic analysis. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 29(2):99-101. (Chinese).
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of rabbits to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:199-214.
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of animals to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:323-346.
Zahlsen, K; Eide, I; Nilsen, AM; et al. (1992) Inhalation kinetics of C6 to C10 aliphatic, aromatic and naphthenic
hydrocarbons in rat after repeated exposures. Pharmacol Toxicol 71(2): 144-149.
3.2. DISTRIBUTION
Abraham, MH; Ibrahim, A. (2006) Air to fat and blood to fat distribution of volatile organic compounds and drugs:
linear free energy analyses. Eur JMed Chem41(12):1430-1438.
Abraham, MH; Ibrahim, A; Acree, WE, Jr. (2005) Air to blood distribution of volatile organic compounds: a linear
free energy analysis. ChemRes Toxicol 18(5):904-911.
Abraham, MH; Ibrahim, A; Acree, WE, Jr. (2006) Air to brain, blood to brain and plasma to brain distribution of
volatile organic compounds: linear free energy analyses. Eur J Med Chem 41(4):494-502.
Elliott, TH; Tao, RC; Williams, RT. (1965) The metabolism of methylcyclohexane. Biochem J 95:70-76.
Konoz, E; Golmohammadi, H. (2008) Prediction of air-to-blood partition coefficients of volatile organic compounds
using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network. Anal Chim Acta 619(2): 157-164.
Zahlsen, K; Eide, I; Nilsen, AM; et al. (1992) Inhalation kinetics of C6 to C10 aliphatic, aromatic and naphthenic
hydrocarbons in rat after repeated exposures. Pharmacol Toxicol 71(2): 144-149.
3.3. METABOLISM
Deichman, W; Thomas, G. (1943) Glucuronic acid in the urine as a measure of the absorption of certain organic
compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25(7):286-292.
Elliott, TH; Tao, RC; Williams, RT. (1965) The metabolism of methylcyclohexane. Biochem J 95:70-76.
Frommer, U; Ullrich, V; Staudinger, H. (1970) Hydroxylation of aliphatic compounds by liver microsomes. I.
Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 351(8):903-912.
Frommer, U; Ullrich, V; Staudinger, H. (1970) Hydroxylation of aliphatic compounds by liver microsomes. II.
Effect of phenobarbital induction in rats on specific activity and cytochrome P-450 substrate binding spectra. Hoppe
Seylers Z Physiol Chem 351:913-918.
Hao, S; Yin, S; Li, G; et al. (2000) Study on the absorption of environmental contaminants in low-level exposure by
pharmacokinetic analysis. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 29(2):99-101. (Chinese).
Parnell, MJ; Henningsen, GM; Hixson, CJ; et al. (1988) The metabolism of methylcyclohexane in Fischer 344 rats.
Chemosphere 17(7): 1321-1328.
Serve, MP; Henningsen, GM; Parnell, MJ; et al. (1988) The isolation and identification of the urinary metabolites of
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methylcyclohexane in Fischer 344 male rats. Third Chemical Congress of North America Held at the 195th
American Chemical Society Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 5-10, 1988. AbstrPap Chem Congr North Am
3(2):MEDI 77.
Serve, MP; Roberts, J; Yu, KA; et al. (1990) The influence of structure on alkyl cyclohexanes metabolism and
nephropathy. 200th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D.C., USA, August 26-31, 1990.
AbstrPap Am Chem Soc 200(1-2):MEDI 162.
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of rabbits to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:199-214.
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of animals to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:323-346.
3.4. ELIMINATION
Deichman, W; Thomas, G. (1943) Glucuronic acid in the urine as a measure of the absorption of certain organic
compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25(7):286-292.
Dhondt, H; Goelen, E; Koppen, G; et al. (2007) Relation between ambient air and breath volatile organic
compounds. In: Brebbia, CA; ed. Environmental Health Risk IV. Ashurst, Southampton: WIT Press; pp. 33-40.
Elliott, TH; Tao, RC; Williams, RT. (1965) The metabolism of methylcyclohexane. Biochem J 95:70-76.
Hao, S; Yin, S; Li, G; et al. (2000) Study on the absorption of environmental contaminants in low-level exposure by
pharmacokinetic analysis. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 29(2):99-101. (Chinese).
Phillips, M; Greenberg, J; Awad, J. (1994) Metabolic and environmental origins of volatile organic compounds in
breath. J Clin Pathol (London) 47(11):1052-1053.
Phillips, M; Herrera, J; Krishnan, S; et al. (1999) Variation in volatile organic compounds in the breath of normal
humans. J ChromatogrB 729(l-2):75-88.
Serve, MP; Henningsen, GM; Parnell, MJ; et al. (1988) The isolation and identification of the urinary metabolites of
methylcyclohexane in Fischer 344 male rats. Third Chemical Congress of North America Held at the 195th
American Chemical Society Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 5-10, 1988. Abstr Pap Chem Congr North Am
3(2):MEDI 77.
Serve, MP; Roberts, J; Yu, KA; et al. (1990) The influence of structure on alkyl cyclohexanes metabolism and
nephropathy. 200th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D.C., USA, August 26-31, 1990.
AbstrPap Am Chem Soc 200(1-2):MEDI 162.
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of animals to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:323-346.
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of rabbits to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:199-214.
3.5. PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED TOXICOKINETIC MODELS
Andersen, ME. (1981) A physiologically based toxicokinetic description of the metabolism of inhaled gases and
vapors: analysis at steady state. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 60(3):509-526.
4. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
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4.1. STUDIES IN HUMANS—EPIDEMIOLOGY, CASE REPORTS, CLINICAL
CONTROLS
Agnesi, R; Valentini, F; Mastrangelo, G. (1997) Risk of spontaneous abortion and maternal exposure to organic
solvents in the shoe industry. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 69(5):311-316.
Lehmann, I; Thoelke, A; Rehwagen, M; et al. (2002) The influence of maternal exposure to volatile organic
compounds on the cytokine secretion profile of neonatal t cells. Environmental Toxicology 17(3):203-210.
Mason, HJ; Wheeler, JP; Purba, JS; et al. (1994) Hepatic effects of chronic exposure to mixed solvents. Clin Chem
40(7 PART 2): 1464-1466.
4.2.	LESS-THAN-LIFETIME AND CHRONIC STUDIES AND CANCER BIOASSAYS
IN ANIMALS—ORAL AND INHALATION
Kurlyandskii, BA; Mashbits, FD; Eizengart, RS. (1966) Mechanism of nonspecific manifestations of chronic
poisoning with small amounts of chemical substances. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 10(11):44-49.
4.2.1.	Oral
4.2.2.	Inhalation
Amer Petroleum Inst. (1985) Twelve-month chronic inhalation exposures to methylcyclohexane with cover letter.
Submitted under TSCA Section 8D; EPA Document No. 87-8216027; NTIS No. OTS0206798.
Kinkead, ER; Haun, CC; Schneider, MG; et al. (1985) Chronic inhalation exposure of experimental animals to
methylcyclohexane. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory;
ADA-156053. AFAMRL-TR-85-032.
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of animals to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:323-346.
4.3.	REPRODUCTIVE/DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES—ORAL AND INHALATION
Tachi, N; Shimotori, S; Fujise, H; et al. (1994) Fetotoxic effects of exposure to the vapor of organic solvents from a
synthetic adhesive in mice. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 53(3):471-478.
4.4.	OTHER ENDPOINT-SPECIFIC STUDIES
4.4.1. ACUTE AND SHORT-TERM TOXICITY
Bombard, E; Marsmann, M; Ruehl-Fehlert, C; et al. (1990) Relationships between structure and induction of hyaline
droplet accumulation in the renal cortex of male rats by aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons. Arch Toxicol
64(7):530-538.
Eastman Kodak Co. (1994) Toxicity and health hazard summary of methyl cyclohexane with cover letter dated
021594. Submitted under TSCA Section 8D; EPA Document No. 86-940000089; NTIS No. OTS0556685.
Gerarde, HW. (1963) Toxicological studies on hydrocarbons. IX. The aspiration hazard and toxicity of
hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon mixtures. Arch Environ Health 6(3):329-341.
Kinkead, ER; Bowers, RS; Schneider, MG; et al. (1979) Methylcyclohexane one-hour emergency exposure limit.
Aerosp. Med. Res. Lab., [Tech. Rep.] AMRL-TR (U. S.) (AMRL-TR-79-68 Proc. Conf. Environ. Toxicol.); 154-
160.
Lazarew, NW. (1929) The toxicology of gasoline. Archiv fuer Hygiene 102:227-239. (German)
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Lazarew,NW. (1929) On the toxicity of various hydrocarbon vapors. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 143:223-233.
(German)
Parnell, MJ; Henningsen, GM; Hixson, CJ; et al. (1988) The metabolism of methylcyclohexane in Fischer 344 rats.
Chemosphere 17(7): 1321-1328.
Phillips Petroleum Co. (1994) Primary skin irritation study of methylcyclohexane, tech. in rabbits, final report, with
cover letter dated 030894. Submitted under TSCA Section 8D; EPA Document No. 86-940000154; NTIS No.
OTS0556749.
Phillips Petroleum Co. (1994) Unwashed primary eye irritation study of methylcyclohexane, tech. in rabbits, final
report, with cover letter dated 030894. Submitted under TSCA Section 8D; EPA Document No. 86-940000155;
NTIS No. OTS0556750.
Serve, MP; Roberts, J; Yu, KA; et al. (1990) The influence of structure on alkyl cyclohexanes metabolism and
nephropathy. 200th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D.C., USA, August 26-31, 1990.
AbstrPap Am Chem Soc 200(1-2):MEDI 162.
Tayot, J; Proust, B; Coulombe, G; et al. (1987) Pulmonary involvement in a patient and in rabbits following
intravenous injection of aliphatic solvents. Arch Anat Cytol Pathol 35(5-6):284-290.
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of rabbits to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:199-214.
Treon, JF; Crutchfield, WE; Kitzmiller, KV. (1943) The physiological response of animals to cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, and certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 25:323-346.
4.4.2.	NEUROTOXICITY STUDIES
Kurlyandskii, BA; Mashbits, FD; Eizengart, RS. (1966) Mechanism of nonspecific manifestations of chronic
poisoning with small amounts of chemical substances. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 10(11):44-49.
4.4.3.	GENOTOXICITY STUDIES
Benz, RD; Beltz, PA. (1980) Cytogenetic toxicologic testing with dogs. Environ Mutagen 2:312-313.
4.4.4.	ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION
4.4.5.	CONTACT SENSITIZATION
4.5. MECHANISTIC DATA AND OTHER STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF THE MODE OF
ACTION
Dreiem, A; Myhre, O; Fonnum, F. (2002) Relationship between lipophilicity of C6-10 hydrocarbon solvents and
their ROS-inducing potency in rat cerebellar granule cells. Neurotoxicology (Little Rock) 23(6):701-709.
Kurlyandskii, BA; Mashbits, FD; Eizengart, RS. (1966) Mechanism of nonspecific manifestations of chronic
poisoning with small amounts of chemical substances. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 10(11):44-49.
Myhre, O; Fonnum, F. (2001) The effect of aliphatic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons on production of
reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in rat brain synaptosome fraction: the involvement of calcium,
nitric oxide synthase, mitochondria, and phospholipase A. Biochem Pharmacol 62(1): 119-128.
Myhre, O; Vestad, TA; Sagstuen, E; et al. (2000) The effects of aliphatic (n-nonane), naphtenic (1,2, 4-
trimethylcyclohexane), and aromatic (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) hydrocarbons on respiratory burst in human
neutrophil granulocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 167(3):222-230.
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2	Orme, JP; Curran, HJ; Simmie, JM. (2006) Experimental and modeling study of methyl cyclohexane pyrolysis and
3	oxidation. J Phys Chem A 110(1): 114-131.
4
5	Sikkema, J; De Bont, JA; Poolman, B. (1995) Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. Microbiol Rev
6	59(2):201-222.
7
8	Thelestam, M; Curvall, M; Enzell, CR. (1980) Effect of tobacco smoke compounds on the plasma membrance of
9	cultured human lung fibroblasts. Toxicology 15(3):203-217.
10
11	4.6. SYNTHESIS OF MAJOR NONCANCER EFFECTS
12
13	4.6.1. Oral
14
15	4.6.2. Inhalation
16
17	4.6.3. Mode of Action Information
18
19	4.7. EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENICITY
20
21	4.7.1. Summary of Overall Weight-of-Evidence
22
23	4.7.2. Synthesis of Human, Animal, and Other Supporting Evidence
24
25	4.7.3. Mode of Action Information
26
27	4.7.2.1. Hypothesized Mode of Action
28
29	4.7.2.2. Experimental Support for the Hypothesized Mode of Action
30
31	4.7.2.3. Other Possible Modes of Action
32
33	4.7.2.4. Conclusions About the Hypothesized Mode of Action
34
35	Support for the hypothesized mode of action in test animals
36	Relevance of the hypothesized mode of action to humans
37	Populations or lifestages particularly susceptible to the hypothesized mode of action
38
39	4.8. SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATIONS AND LIFE STAGES
40
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4.8.3. Other
5. DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENTS
5.1.	ORAL REFERENCE DOSE (RfD)
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5.1.1.	Choice of Principal Study and Critical Effect—with Rationale and Justification
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5.1.2.	Methods of Analysis—Including Models (PBPK, BMD, etc.)
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5.1.3.	RfD Derivation—Including Application of Uncertainty Factors (UFs)
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5.1.4.	Previous RfD Assessment (if any)]
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5.2.	INHALATION REFERENCE CONCENTRATION (RfC)
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5.2.1.	Choice of Principal Study and Critical Effect—with Rationale and Justification
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5.2.2.	Methods of Analysis—Including Models (PBPK, BMD, etc.)
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5.2.3.	RfC Derivation—Including Application of Uncertainty Factors (UFs)
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5.2.4.	Previous RfC Assessment (if any)]
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5.3. CANCER ASSESSMENT
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5.3.1.	Choice of Study/Data—with Rationale and Justification
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5.3.2.	Dose-response Data
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5.3.3.	Dose Conversion
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5.3.4. Extrapolation Method(s)
[Note: include rationale for choice of method(s), and implications, if any, of MO A
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5.3.5. Oral Slope Factor and Inhalation Unit Risk
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6. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF HAZARD AND DOSE
RESPONSE
6.1. HUMAN HAZARD POTENTIAL
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6.2. DOSE RESPONSE
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10/8/2009
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