&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
No Further Cleanup Action
Proposed for Yards, River
Your opinions wanted
You can comment on EPA's
proposed cleanup alternatives for
the residential soil and Illinois
River sediment areas at the Ottawa
Township Flat Glass site. A public
comment period will run:
June 16 - July 16, 2008
You can e-mail your comments to
EPA Project Manager Kevin Adler
at adler.kevin@epa.gov or fill out
and mail the pre-addressed comment
form inserted in this fact sheet.
Another opportunity to share your
opinions, comments and questions
about the proposed cleanup plan will
be at the public hearing scheduled
on:
Tuesday, June 24
7-9 p.m.
Naplate Village Hall
2000 W. Ottawa Ave.
Oral comments will be recorded at
the hearing and you can also submit
written statements.
Your comments are important. EPA
may modify or pick another cleanup
alternative based on public input.
More information
An administrative record containing
official documents about the Ottawa
Township Flat Glass site can be
viewed at the Reddick Library,
1010 Canal St., Ottawa, or the EPA
Records Center, 7th Floor, Metcalfe
Federal Building, 77 W. Jackson
Blvd., Chicago.
Ottawa Township Flat Glass Site
Naplate, Illinois	June 2008
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has concluded a previous soil
cleanup action on two residential lots in Naplate should be sufficient to
reduce the potential health threat from any arsenic found in area soil. EPA
also found arsenic levels are low enough in Illinois River sediment (mud)
that a cleanup project there is not justified. Arsenic was an ingredient of
glass-making at the Ottawa Township Flat Glass facility, also known as
Libby-Owens-Ford Plants 5 & 7, from 1907-1970.
An in-depth study called a "remedial investigation" of the arsenic levels in
residential soil and river mud was conducted according to EPA's Superfund
procedures. The Agency decided two "no action" alternatives proposed in
the cleanup plan would protect people's health and the environment. The
remedial investigation looked at the nature and extent of arsenic found in
Naplate soil and Illinois River sediment and calculated actual or potential
health risks. EPA experts found no unhealthy levels of arsenic in residential
soil samples, except at two yards where the contaminated soil has already
been removed. The arsenic concentrations in the Illinois River sediment
were also discovered to be at levels that will not harm people or the
environment.
The public can offer EPA their opinions on these recommendations through
a comment period June 16 - July 16, 2008. EPA will also hold a public
hearing on June 24. Based on comments and statements received by the
public, EPA could modify its recommendations or choose another cleanup
option (see adjacent box for more information on how you can participate in
this process).
About the Ottawa Township Flat Glass site
The Ottawa Township Flat Glass (OTFG) site covers 228 acres and consists
of Naplate residential areas, Plant #5 and Plant #7, former silica sand
quarries, wastewater disposal areas and a 56-acre undeveloped parcel of
land located on the north side of the Illinois River. It also includes additional
former silica quarries and wastewater disposal areas across from the main
facility on the south side of the river.
EPA divided the OTFG site into four portions called "operable units" or
OUs for ease of investigating and cleaning up the site. These include: OU1
Residential Soils, OU2 Illinois River Sediment, OU3 Groundwater and
Source Areas south of the river, and OU4 Groundwater and Source Areas
north of the river. This proposed cleanup plan is for OU1 and OU2 only.
EPA plans to release a proposed cleanup plan for OU3 and OU4 within the
next year.
The manufacturing plant has been making flat glass products since about
1907. Arsenic trioxide was a minor ingredient in the manufacturing process
from 1907 until 1970 when its use was discontinued. The final step in the

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flat glass manufacturing process involved grinding and
polishing the cast glass with fine silica sand and water.
The process generated waste in the form of a slurry
consisting of mostly sand, water and glass particles
containing arsenic, which was discharged into the nearby
former quarries for settling of solids. Overflow water
went into the Illinois River. The slurry waste in the
settling areas contains arsenic and is a potential source
of contamination in local area soil, sediment and ground
water (underground supplies of fresh water). Naplate
municipal wells are currently not affected by arsenic.
Pilkington North America Inc. known as PNA purchased
the glass manufacturing facility in 1986, about 16 years
after the use of arsenic in the glass-making process was
discontinued. However, EPA considers PNA to be a
potentially responsible party for area arsenic pollution.
Site investigation
Soil
PNA conducted soil sampling in Naplate residential areas
in late 2002 and discovered high arsenic levels in both
shallow (0 to 6 inches) and deeper (greater than 12 inches)
soil in two residential yards near the factor}-'. It was later
determined arsenic-tainted material had been removed
from the facility and used to fill in low spots on the lots so
that a home could be built on one of them.
PNA expanded the residential soil sampling program in
2003 to include additional testing at residences located
very near the area of the two affected properties. The
residential soil-sampling program was expanded again in
fall 2005 to cover most or all of the homes or lots in the
village. More than 2,000 soil samples were taken from
about 210 Naplate yards. The sampling project indicated
the highly contaminated fill material had not been placed
on any other lots. Arsenic levels in the residential soil
were found to be within the normal arsenic levels in north
central Illinois soil.
Illinois River
PNA took sediment and water samples from the Illinois
River around the plant property in 2001 and 2002. EPA
determined the water quality was unaffected by arsenic
from the site. Also, the only sediment area that contained
arsenic above normal levels is located next to the site on
the north edge of the river.
Source Areas and Ground Water
PNA installed a number of ground-water monitoring wells
in 2002-04 in and around the site and has sampled nearby
private wells to determine the nature and extent of ground
water contamination beneath the area. Results indicate
there are two underground aquifers of immediate concern
below the site. An aquifer is a large pool of underground
water. The upper aquifer, the St. Peter Sandstone, is a
regional unconfmed aquifer that has been affected by
arsenic contamination from the site. The lower aquifer,
the New Richmond Sandstone, has not been contaminated
by arsenic. Between the two aquifers lies the Shakopee
Dolomite, a 150-200-foot thick rock layer that forms an
effective barrier between the St. Peter Sandstone and New
Richmond Sandstone.
Arsenic levels in the St. Peter Sandstone range from a few
parts per billion at the edges of the contaminated plume of
water to several parts per million in the center, about 800
times higher than the safe drinking water standard. The
St. Peter Sandstone, however, is not currently used for
drinking water. The Naplate municipal well draws water
from the New Richmond Sandstone aquifer, which is not
contaminated.
Previous cleanup work
PNA, under EPA oversight, began an emergency cleanup
called a ''time-critical removal action" at two residential
yards in December 2003, excavating soil that contained
elevated arsenic levels and disposing of the earth in an
off-site landfill. While this work was being done the
residents were temporarily relocated. PNA backfilled the
excavations with clean soil and reseeded the lots. The
removal action was completed in July 2004. PNA also
hired contractors to clean up arsenic-tainted dust inside
one of the homes in 2006.
Risks to people and the environment
Health risk studies were done on residential soil in
Naplate, Illinois River sediment and ground water.
Human health risk calculations were performed for
the 210 Naplate residential areas based on the arsenic-
sampling results, and the cancer risks for both adults and
children were found to be low. For the river sediment with
above-normal arsenic levels both human cancer risks and
the risks of hurting wildlife were also low.
The potential cancer risks due to elevated arsenic levels
in ground water are very high. Should this water be used
for drinking purposes, it would pose an unacceptable risk
to human health. EPA is calculating actual or potential
human health risks and is studying cleanup methods for
the ground water. The Agency plans to release a separate
proposed cleanup plan for site ground water in mid-2009.
In the meantime, Naplate residents are safe because the
village draws its drinking water from an uncontaminated
source.
2

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No action option proposed
E PA's proposed cleanup plan calls for no further action
at the residential soil operable unit of the OTFG glass
site because a previous cleanup action (excavation and
off-site disposal of contaminated soil) eliminated the
need for additional work. EPA found remaining arsenic
levels pose a low actual or potential threat to human
health or the environment. EPA notes that not all of the
arsenic-contaminated soil was dug up from one of the two
residential lots because removal would have jeopardized
the structural soundness of the house and garage built on
top of the contaminated soil. EPA will work with PNA to
place institutional controls on the affected property. That
will ensure if the buildings are removed in the future,
PNA or any successor corporation will excavate the
contaminated soil from the yard and properly dispose of it
off-site.
EPA's proposed plan also calls for no action on the
Illinois River Sediment operable unit because contaminant
levels documented in the river mud next to the site pose
a low actual or potential threat to human health or the
environment.
Property reuse
PNA has taken soil samples from the 56-acre undeveloped
parcel that is considered part of the OTFG site and results
show the soil is not affected by arsenic. However, the
ground water beneath the site does contain high levels of
the chemical. The property is eligible for reuse, although
EPA projects that at a minimum, ground water-use
restrictions may have to be placed on the land to protect
human health and the environment.
Next steps
In consultation with state partner Illinois EPA, EPA will
review comments received during the public comment
period June 16 - July 16 and the public hearing June
24 before making a final decision on a cleanup plan for
residential soil and river sediment in Naplate.
When a decision is made it will be published in a
document called a "record of decision" (ROD) and a
notice will be published in a local newspaper so residents
can review it at the information repositories for the site.
Aerial view of the OTFG site. Naplate residential areas are at the top of the frame, and the
Illinois River is at the lower right.
3

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No Further Action
Proposed for Naplate Soil,
Illinois River Sediment Cleanup
Proposed Cleanup Plan
Comment Period June 16 - July 16
Public Hearing - June 24
(details inside)
EPA contacts
The following EPA team members
can be contacted for more
information or questions about the
Ottawa Township Flat Glass site:
Kevin Adler
Remedial Project Manager
EPA Region 5
Superfund Division
312-886-7078
adler.kevin@epa.gov
Cheryl Allen
Community Involvement
Coordinator
EPA Region 5
Superfund Division
312-353-6196
allen.cheryl@epa.gov

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Ottawa Township Flat Glass Site
Comment Sheet
Fold on Dashed Lines, Tape, Stamp, and Mail
Name	
Address	
City	 State
Zip	
Place
Stamp
Here
Kevin Adler
Remedial Project Manager
Superfund Division (Mail Code SR-6J)
U.S. EPA Region 5
77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604-3590

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Use This Space to Write Your Comments
EPA is interested in your comments on the proposed cleanup plan for the Ottawa Township Flat Glass site. You may
use the space below to write your comments. You may submit this form to us at the June 24 public meeting, or detach,
fold, stamp and mail it to Kevin Adler. Comments must be postmarked by midnight July 16, 2008. If you have any
questions, please contact EPA Community Involvement Coordinator Cheryl Allen directly at 312-353-6196, or toll
free at 800-621-8431, weekdays 9 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Comments may also be faxed to Cheryl at 312-353-1155 or sent by
e-mail to allen.cheryl@epa.gov.
Name	
Address	
City	State
Zip

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