vvEPA
July 2014

Superfund Sites Work
for Communities:
A Look at the Positive
Redevelopment in EPA Region 6

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A solar farm on the Chevron Questa Mine site
(New Mexico)
Preface
Region 6's Support for Superfund Reuse
Superfund Reuse in Region 6: The Big Picture
Positive Impacts of Superfund Site Reuse in Region 6
Reuse in Action
State Reuse Profiles
Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
Reuse on the Horizon in Region 6
Conclusion
Sources
EPA Region 6
1

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Preface
Every day.; EPA s Superfundprogram makes a visible difference in communities
nationwide. The revitalization of communities affected by contaminated lands is a key
part of Superfund's mission, delivering significant, benefits one community at. a time,
all across the country. Through EPA I Superfund Redevelopment Initiative, the Agency
contributes to the economic vitality of these communities by supporting the return of sites
to productive use. These regional reports highlight these community-led efforts in action,
as EPA launches a new era of partnerships and works toward a sustainable future.
Introduction
EPA Region 6 (South Central) serves Arkansas, Louisiana,
New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and 66 tribes. This part of
the country includes some of the nation's fastest growing
cities as well as small towns, farmland, ranches and public
lands. Urban and rural communities alike across Region
6 are focusing on the cleanup and revitalization of old
industrial sites, recognizing that these areas offer substantial
opportunities for new development and innovation. Today,
states and communities are working diligently to find new
uses forthese areas, including Superfund sites. The Superfund
program in EPA Region 6 is proud to play a role in these
efforts.
The cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites can often restore
value to site properties and surrounding communities that have
been negatively affected by contamination. For example, the
cleanup of the RS R site in Dallas, Texas, including a smelter,
various slag areas, and contaminated residential properties,
has played an important role in the on-going revitalization of
the West Dallas area. Site reuse can revitalize a local economy with jobs, new businesses, tax revenues and local spending.
Reuse of Superfund sites can yield a number of other important social and environmental benefits for communities.
Through programs like the Superfund Redevelopment Initiative (SRI), EPA Region 6 helps communities reclaim cleaned
up Superfund sites. Factoring in future use of Superfund sites as part of the cleanup process helps pave the way for their
safe reuse. In addition, EPA Region 6 works closely widi state agencies and local officials to remove barriers that have kept
many Superfund sites vacant and underused for decades. EPA Region 6 also works to ensure that businesses on properties
cleaned up under the Superfund program can continue operating safely during site investigations and cleanup. This enables
these businesses to remain as a source of jobs for communities.
The results are impressive. Superfund sites across Region 6 are now home to restaurants, car dealerships, bars, a day spa, a
bank and several hotels. Others host doctor's offices. Public services at current and former Superfund sites in Region 6 offer
housing assistance, recycling services, public health services, sanitation and safety training. A municipal airport is located
at one site. People live in single-family homes and apartments on several sites; one apartment complex is green building
certified for its sustainability. Some sites are now locations for renewable energy projects harnessing wind and solar power;
another site is part of an innovative pilot project that is converting landfill gas into liquid fuel and other products. Others
host ecological preserves, wildlife habitat, a boat launch and a riverfront walkway. On-site businesses and organizations
on current and former Region 6 Superfund sites provide over 2,000 jobs and contribute $88 million in annual employment
income for residents in Region 6.
This report looks at the positive impacts of reuse and continued use at Superfund sites in Region 6, particularly the impacts
of businesses operating on current and former Superfund sites.
Mixed-use redevelopment at
the Fruit Avenue Plume site
(New Mexico)
2
EPA Region 6

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Region 6's Support for Superfund Reuse
View of the Houston skyline
from the Many Diversified
Interests site (Texas)
EPA Region 6 remains committed to making a difference in communities through the cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites.
In addition to protecting the environment and human health through the Superfund program, EPA Region 6 partners with
stakeholders to encourage reuse opportunities at Superfund sites. EPA Region 6 helps communities and cleanup managers
consider reuse during cleanup planning and evaluate remedies already in place to ensure appropriate reuse at cleaned-up
sites. In addition, EPA participates in partnerships with communities and encourages opportunities to support Superfund
redevelopment projects that emphasize environmental and economic sustainability.
Reuse support efforts in EPA Region 6 include:
Identifying and evaluating local land use priorities to align these priorities with site cleanup plans through the
reuse planning process.
Facilitating cleanup and reuse discussions to help resolve key issues between parties interested in site redevelopment.
Supporting targeted projects intended to help Region 6 communities and EPA find the right tools to move reuse
forward at sites.
Making efforts to help address communities" and developers" liability, safety and reuse concerns related to
Superfund site reuse through development of educational materials, comfort letters, developer agreements and
environmental status reports. These reports, which provide information about the appropriate use of sites, are
known as Ready for Reuse (RfR) Detenninations.
Supporting partnerships with groups and agencies committed to putting Superfund sites back into use such as the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).
Developing reuse fact sheets, videos, websites, reuse case studies and Return to Use Demonstration Project
summaries to share opportunities and lessons associated with Superfund redevelopment.
All of these efforts have helped build expertise across
Region 6, making it easier to consider future use of
Superfund sites prior to cleanup and easier to identify
opportunities for removing reuse barriers. These efforts
also help other communities, state agencies, potentially
responsible parties and developers better understand
potential future uses for Superfund sites. This helps
stakeholders engage early in the cleanup process,
ensuring that Superfund sites are restored as productive
assets for communities. Most importantly, these efforts
lead to significant returns for communities, including
jobs and annual income
&EPA H
ic firiv /iiirriict .3 1 9.G1 P.
On this day, August 31, 2012,
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Determines that the
Big Tex Grain Site is Ready for Reuse
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ireel or. Remediation Division
Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality
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h« In «s RfR Detaraiinalfan ramair.subiad to (!) applicable federal.
EPA RFR Determination for the
Big Tex Grain site (Texas)
EPA Region 6
3

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Superfund Reuse in Region 6 : The Big Picture
EPA has placed 130 sites in Region 6 on the National
Priorities List (NPL) since the Superfund program began in
1980. The Agency performs or oversees short-term cleanup
actions as well. Whenever possible, EPA seeks to integrate
reuse priorities into site cleanup plans. As of 2014, 37 NPL
and Superfund Alternative sites have either new uses in place
or uses that have remained in place since before cleanup.
Many of these sites have been redeveloped for commercial,
industrial and recreational purposes. Others have been
redeveloped for residential, public service and ecological
uses. Businesses and other organizations also use all or parts
of other sites for stores, hotels and renewable energy projects.
I Compost
Imonstration-
' • Site
Vertac, Inc. site
(Arkansas)
Redevelopment of Superfund sites in Region 6 has not
only provided jobs and income to the neighborhoods and
cities affected by the sites, but also turned areas that were
a community burden into a source of local pride. The reuse
and continued use of many sites has increased quality of life for nearby residents as well as providing local services. The
take a closer look at the impacts of businesses located at current and former Superfund sites in Region 6.
following sections
Oklahoma ^T"'sa
¦ Santa Fe
^Albuquerque
~ Fort Smith
•TCmarillo
Oklahoma City
Arkansas
New Mexico
• Lubbock
% G>Dallas
Fort Worth
Ishreveport
Louisiana
Baton Rouge ¦ /V
A O
3	O „>New Orleans.
¦ Austin
Houston(^P'
San Antonio
Legend
Sites in Reuse
Sites in Continued Use
Sites in Reuse and in
Continued Use
State Capitals
4
EPA Region 6

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Positive Impacts of Superfund Site Reuse in Region 6
Businesses and Jobs
EPA has collected economic data for over 80 businesses, government
agencies and civic organizations operating on 39 NPL and Superfund
Alternative sites in reuse and continued use in Region 6. See the
State Reuse Profiles (pp. 9-13) for each Region 6 state's reuse details.
Businesses and organizations located on these sites fall within a number
of different sectors, including hotels, professional trade, industrial trade
and retail trade.
Businesses and organizations located on current and former Region 6
Superfund sites include hotels - a Marriott, a Holiday Inn and a La Quinta
Inn - that employ between 30 and 160 people at each location. The RSR
Corporation site in Dallas, Texas, is home to Goodwill Industries of
Dallas, which employs 300 people who earn an estimated total annual
income of $5.6 million.
In total, businesses and organizations located on these sites employ over
2,000 people, contributing an estimated $76 million in annual employment
income with about $147 million in estimated annual sales1. Employee
income earned helps inject money into local economies. It also helps
generate state revenue through personal state income taxes. In addition
to helping local communities by providing employment opportunities,
these businesses help local economies through direct purchases of local
supplies and sendees. On-site businesses that produce retail sales and
services also generate tax revenues through the collection of sales taxes,
which support state and local governments. In addition, most businesses
operating on sites in Region 6 generate tax revenues through payment
of state corporate income or related taxes. More detailed information is
presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Site and business information for Region 6 sites in reuse and continued use (2013)

Number of
Sites
Sites with
Identified On-Site
Businesses"
On-Site
Businesses
Identifiedb
Total Annual
Sales'
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
19
8
15
$95 million
309
$12 million
In Continued Use
17
9
41
$28 million
660
$21 million
In Continued
Use and In
Reuse
3
2
26
$24 million
1,035
$43 million
Total
39
19
82
$147 million
2,004
$76 million
a Also includes other organizations such as government agencies, non-profit organizations and civic institutions.
b Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
c For information on the collection of businesses, jobs and sales data, see the "Sources" section of this report.
1 Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that make jobs data available. As a
result, in some instances, total annual sales are lower than total annual employment income.
South Cavalcade Street site (Texas)
Region 6 Sites in Reuse
and Continued Use:
Business and Job
Highlights
Businesses Identified
82
Estimated Annual Sales
$147 million
Number of People Employed
2,004
Estimated Annual Income Earned
$76 million
EPA Region 6
5

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Property Values ancl Property Tax Revenues
Agriculture Street landfill
site (Louisiana)
Properties cleaned up under the Superfund program and
returned to use may increase in value. This increased value
can boost property tax revenues, which help pay for local
government operations, public schools, transit systems and
other public services. Currently, EPAhas not collected property
value and tax data for site properties in reuse or continued use
in Region 6. However, several Superfund site properties in
reuse and continued use in Region 6 are privately held and
generate property tax revenues for local governments. The
66-acre South Cavalcade site in Houston, Texas, for example,
was purchased in 2014 by a private owner with plans to build
an auto business on site. The site has a land value of $3 million and an improvement value of over $6 million. Site properties
generate $230,000 in property taxes each year. Moreover, even though site properties owned by local governments, such as
the Vertac, Inc. site in Jacksonville, Arkansas, are exempt from property taxes, once cleaned up and put back into productive
use they can help stabilize or increase the values of nearby private properties.
Recreational and Ecological Benefits
In addition to serving as locations for commercial
developments, retail centers and industrial facilities, some
Region 6 sites in reuse provide recreational and ecological
benefits. Recreational and ecological reuses help attract
visitors and residents, and indirectly contribute to local
economies. The Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant site in
Karnack, Texas, for example, is now part of a national wildlife
refuge. In 2014, construction of a multi-million dollar marina
will begin on the Bayou Bonfouca site in Slidell, Louisiana,
that will provide waterfront access, a public boat launch
and restored wetlands. Other sites, such as the Bailey Waste
Disposal site in Bridge City, Texas, and the Tex-Tin Corp. site
in Texas City, Texas, also support wetlands.
Benefits from Alternative Energy Projects
Alternative energy projects can also provide a range of
economic impacts. They can generate construction and
operations jobs; spur local investment for manufacturing and
materials; create benefits for landowners in the form of land
lease or right-of-way payments; lower energy costs; and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. They can also help hedge against
energy price and supply volatility; help support local business
competitiveness and technology supply chain development;
provide outreach or public relations opportunities for site
owners and local communities; and contribute to broader
economic development planning. A range of efforts in Region
6 have encouraged opportunities for alternative energy project development on Superfund and other impaired sites. In 2014,
EPA Region 6 awarded Waste Management of Oklahoma the first Superfund "Greenovations Award" for the company's
efforts to pilot an innovative landfill gas-to-fuel project at the Mosely Road Sanitary Landfill site in Oklahoma as well as
other site-related efforts.
Wind turbines (Texas)
Bailey Waste Disposal site
(Texas)
6
EPA Region 6

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Sites in Reuse and Continued Use: A Closer Look
In Reuse: There is a new land use or uses on all or part of a site; either the land use has changed (e.g.,
from industrial use to commercial use) or the site is now in use after being vacant.
In Continued Use: Historical uses at a site remain active; these uses were in place when the Superfund
process started at the site.
In Reuse and Continued Use: Part of a site is in continued use and part of the site is in reuse.
Region 6 Site Examples
In Reuse: Vertac, Inc. (Arkansas) - formerly the location of
industrial facilities, the site now supports a range of public
service uses.
In Continued Use: Sand Springs Petrochemical Complex
(Oklahoma) -industrial operations have continued to operate at
the site since before cleanup.
In Reuse and Continued Use: Chevron Questa Mine (New
Mexico) - long-time mining operation remains in place; in 2011,
a solar farm was constructed on part of the site.
EPA Region 6
7

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Reuse in Action
New and Expanded Municipal Facilities
The 193-acre Vertac, Inc. site is located 15 miles northeast of Little
Rock in Jacksonville, Arkansas. The federal government built the
first industrial facilities at the site during the 1930s and 1940s.
Decades of improper waste disposal and production control led to
soil and ground water contamination. EPA placed the site on the
NPLin 1983.
The City of Jacksonville recognized early on that retaining the site "s
infrastructure could serve as the foundation for reuse. Following
surface cleanup activities, the City acquired the northern part of
the site property in 2000. An EPA Superfund Redevelopment
Initiative pilot grant enabled the City to evaluate several reuse
options. Today, site reuses include a recycling center, office space
and storage for the City's Street Department, a fire department
training facility, a driver training pad, a recycling education
park, police firing range and a public safety building. The public
safety building includes a police and fire training center, City
of Jacksonville Police Department facilities, and an emergency
operations center and community safe room. The City's new
recycling center serves 10,000 residents and recycles 1.5 million
pounds of materials each year. By diverting these materials from a
landfill, the recycling center saves the City an estimated $50,000 annually. One hundred forty-six people are employed on
site, providing annual employment income of over $5.5 million. The City is also exploring opportunities to turn part of the
site into community green space with sidewalks and picnic tables. For more information, see EPA SRI's "Where You Live."

•r "
y^daf
"We're very proud of what's been
accomplished at the site. It is a
success story for our community.
We turned lemons into lemonade.
-Jacksonville Mayor
Gary Fletcher
New Hotel Complex
The 215-acre Highway 71/72 Refinery Superfund site is located in Bossier
City, near Shreveport, Louisiana. Between 1923 and 1948, site uses included
the operation of an oil refinery and a petroleum storage and distribution
facility. Following the dismantling and sale of the refinery in the mid-1950s,
on-site construction began for interstate highway corridor 1-20. The site
owner began voluntary site cleanup efforts in 1966. Soon after the initial
property cleanup and construction of the 1-20 corridor, redevelopment of
the site increased. After the discovery of additional contamination in the
mid-1980s, EPA and community leaders implemented a cleanup approach
that accounted for the existing residents and businesses on the site. The
cleanup plan included the removal of contaminated material; ground water
cleanup, monitoring and use restrictions; indoor air pollution mitigation; and any necessary corrective action for all site-
related contamination discovered during future earthmoving operations. EPA never finalized the site on the NPL; instead,
EPA is addressing the site using EPA's Superfund Alternative approach. EPA allows structures it determines to be protective
of human health and the environment to remain on site. EPA only requires additional soil cleanup if parties discover buried
waste during future construction. For example, the demolition and excavation of a former hotel structure property allowed
cleanup crews to access buried refinery waste and build anew hotel complex in its place. Cooperation between EPA, existing
business owners, developers and the site's responsible party allows the continued use of numerous on-site businesses, and
helps make possible the ongoing construction of new site uses. Today, site uses include single-family homes, numerous
hotels, restaurants and other commercial establishments. The 25 on-site businesses employ 635 people and contribute an
estimated $11.9 million in annual employment income. Estimated sales for on-site businesses exceeded $23.8 million in
2013. For more information, see EPA SRI's "Where You Live."
8
EPA Region 6

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New Waterfront Recreation Opportunities
The 54-acre Bayou Bonfouca Superfund site is located in the
City of Slidell in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. Beginning
in 1882, various companies owned and ran a creosote plant on
site. Spills and improper disposal practices contaminated the
site and the surrounding bayou. EPA added the site to the NPL
in 1983. EPA and the Louisiana Department of Environmental
Quality worked together to develop an appropriate cleanup
and restoration plan. The cleanup decontaminated 170,000
cubic yards of sediments, treated 17.6 million gallons of
contaminated ground water, and recovered 44,500 gallons
of creosote oil. Today, project outcomes include 1.5 miles of
restored bayou wetlands, waterfront recreation opportunities
and a public boat launch on Lake Ponchartrain. In 2012, the City of Slidell received funding from the USFWS to build a
multi-million dollar marina that would include docks, boat slips and new walkways. Construction of the marina will begin
in 2014 with a projected opening in 2015. Site owners also donated 54 acres of waterfront property to the City. Buildings
on the property are now offices for the Slidell Sewer and Public Works departments. For more information, see EPA SRLs
"Where You Live.'1
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Caddo Lake Wildlife Refuge
The 8,416-acre Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant
(LHAAP) is located between Highway 43 and Caddo
Lake in Karnack, Texas. Beginning in 1942, the facility
manufactured TNT, explosives, and components for rockets
and other pyrotechnics. Handling of chemicals and solvents
contaminated soils, ground water, and surface water. EPA
added the site to the NPL in 1990. The U.S. Army determined
that the use and handling of chemicals and solvents on site
resulted in contaminated soils, ground water, and surface
water in creeks feeding into Caddo Lake. Afterwards, the U.S.
Army actively worked with EPA and the Texas Commission
on Environmental Quality to clean up the site. From 2001 to
2008, a ground water treatment plant successfully cleaned
approximately 84 million gallons of water.
In 1997, the U.S. Army closed the facility and demolished or
liquidated its assets. Given the site's location in prime old-
growth forestland, the USFWS jumped at the opportunity to
acquire the land for ecological preservation. USFWS worked
with EPA and the U.S. Army to arrange land transfers for
parts of the site that met cleanup standards. Currently,
USFWS manages over 80 percent of the site's land area as
part of the Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, which
opened to the public in September 2009 and is now open
year-round for recreational use. Visitors can hike trails,
observe migratory birds, enjoy guided tours, camp and visit
the Ramsar Caddo Lake Wetlands Visitors Center. Other
buildings on site include a fire station and offices for USFWS, the Caddo Lake Institute, and the Texas Parks and Wildlife
Department. Parties are also currently exploring potential renewable energy opportunities for the site. For more information,
see EPA SRLs "Where You Live.''
"The National Wildlife Refuge System
is known as a lifeline for migrating
birds because of the refuges' excellent
habitat and strategic locations along
migratory routes, Caddo Lake National
Wildlife Refuge will continue to be
a stopping place for birds along the
central flyway for a long, long time."
-Nancy Kaufman,
Southwest Regional Director of
USFWS
EPA Region 6
9

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State Reuse Profile: Arkansas
EPA partners with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfimd
sites in Arkansas. As of 2013, Arkansas had five Superfimd sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in
place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for four businesses and organizations operating on two sites
in reuse and continued use in Arkansas. The businesses and organizations employ over 150 people, contribute an estimated
$5.6 million in annual employment income and have about $130,000 in estimated annual sales.
Table 2. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Arkansas (2013)

Number of
Sites
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Sales"
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
4
4
$130,000
156
$5.6 million
In Continued Use
1
0
-
-
-
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
0
0
-
-
-
Total	5	4	$130,000	156	$5.6 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
a Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data available. As a result, in some
instances, total annual sales are lower than total annual employment income.
Did You Know?
The 193-acre Vertac, Inc. site is home
to numerous uses that support the City
of Jacksonville. These include a fire
department training facility, a recycling
center, office space and storage for
the City's Street Department, a driver
training pad, a recycling education park,
police firing range and a public safety
building. One hundred forty-six people
are employed on site.
10
EPA Region 6

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State Reuse Profile: Louisiana
EPA partners with the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in Louisiana. As of 2013, Louisiana had eight Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained
in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 31 businesses and organizations operating on four sites
in reuse and continued use in Louisiana. The businesses and organizations employ 715 people, contribute an estimated $14.5
million in annual employment income and have about $24 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 3. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Louisiana (2013)

Number of
Sites"
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
4
4
$0.2 million
3
$70,000
In Continued Use
3
2
-
77
$2.5 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
1
25
$24 million
635
$12 million
Total
8
31
$24.2 million
715
$14.5 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
a One site is a federal facility. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.
Did You Know?
The Gulf State Utilities-North Ryan site is home to
the Lake Charles Division Service Center of Entergy
Gulf States Louisiana, L.L.C., an electrical power
production and retail distribution company. The
center employs 77 people and generates about $2.5
million in annual employment income.
EPA Region 6
11

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State Reuse Profile: New Mexico
EPA partners with the New Mexico Environment Department to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites
in New Mexico. As of 2013, New Mexico had six Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained
in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 13 businesses and organizations operating on two sites
in reuse and continued use in New Mexico. The businesses and organizations employ over 485 people and contribute an
estimated $34 million in annual employment income and have about $5 million m estimated annual sales.
Table 4. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in New Mexico
(2013)

Number of
Sites3
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Salesb
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
3
0
-
-
-
In Continued Use
2
12
$5 million
85
$3 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
1
1
-
400
$31 million
Total	6	13	$5 million	485	$34 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
a Two sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual
sales.
b Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for even, organization that makes jobs data available. As a result, in some
instances, total annual sales are lower than total annual employment income.
Did You Know?
The Chevron Questa Mine site in
Questa, New Mexico, is home to a
21-acre solar facility that generates
enough power to support 150 homes
annually. Chevron Mining also operates
on site, employing 400 people and
generating an estimated $31 million in
annual employment income.
12
EPA Region 6

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State Reuse Profile: Oklahoma
EPA partners with the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in Oklahoma. As of 2013, Oklahoma had five Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained
in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 16 businesses and organizations operating on two sites
in reuse and continued use in Oklahoma. The businesses and organizations employ 169 people, contribute an estimated $9
million in annual employment income and have about $16 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 5. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Oklahoma (2013)

Number of
Sites"
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
2
1
$1.2 million
5
$0.3 million
In Continued Use
2
15
$15 million
164
$9 million
hi Continued Use
and In Reuse
1
0
-
-
-
Total	5	16	$16.2 million	169	$9.3 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
a One site is a federal facility. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.
Did You Know?
The Tinker Air Force Base (Soldier Creek/Building 3001) site
is located at Tinker Air Force Base on the southeastern edge
of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. EPA has coordinated
closely with the Air Force and the Oklahoma Department of
Environmental Quality throughout the cleanup process to
enable the base to remain operational during cleanup. The
base is one of the state's largest employers.

Source: U.S. Air FSrce Photo/Margo
Wright,
http://www.tinker.af.mil/
EPA Region 6
13

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State Reuse	Pr
EPA partners with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Supeifund
sites in Texas. As of 2013, Texas had 15 Superflmd sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place
since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 18 businesses and organizations operating on eight sites in reuse
and continued use in Texas. The businesses and organizations employ 479 people, contribute an estimated $13 million in
annual employment income and have about $102 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 6. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Texas (2013)

Number of
Sites"
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
6
6
$93 million
145
$5.9 million
In Continued Use
9
12
$8.6 million
334
$6.7 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
0
0
-
-
-
Total	15	18	$101.6 million	479	$12.6 million
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
a Three sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual
sales.
Did You Know?
A five-turbine, 11.5-megawatt wind energy project
is being built on the Pantex Plant (USDOE) site near
Amarillo, Texas. Once operational, the Pantex Wind Farm
should reduce carbon dioxide emission by 35,000 metric
tons annually. It will provide $2.8 million in annual cost
savings to the federal government over the next 18 years.
14
EPA Region 6

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Reuse on the Horizon in Region 6
Turning the Big Tex Grain Co. Site into a Vibrant Commercial and Residential Center
Between 1961 and 1989, the 7.5-acre Big Tex Grain Co. Superfund removal site in San Antonio, Texas, was a hive of industrial
activity - vermiculite exfoliation, grain production and sawdust warehousing. Plant operations resulted in contamination of
dust, air and soil with asbestos. EPA cleaned up the site, digging up contaminated soil, disposing of contaminated materials
and cleaning on-site structures. Cleanup finished in late 2008.
The site property is located next to the Blue Star Contemporary Art Center, which hosts art exhibitions, events and education
programs. Early on in the cleanup process, the site owner expressed interest in converting the vacant industrial property
into a mixed-use residential, arts and entertainment destination, combining the site with the neighboring Blue Star complex.
The site's riverfront area also provided an ideal location for continued development of the popular San Antonio River Walk.
At the request of the site owner, EPA issued an RfR Determination in November 2008. EPA's determination clearly
communicates to current and future users of the site that EPA has not placed any limitations on its use and that it is ready for
reuse. In 2012, the City of San Antonio approved $5 million in tax incentives and an economic development grant to help
fund development of the mixed-use complex.
Referred to as Blue Star II, the $42.7 million development will transform the site into a 334-unit multi-family residential
development in the heart of San Antonio. Plans also include 6,000 square feet of retail space and $2.2 million in public
improvements. Blue Star II will also include walkways matching those in San Antonio's historic district and will connect to
the existing Blue Star Contemporary Art Center. Grain silos and industrial features at the site will be part of the development
as well. Construction is now underway. The complex is scheduled for completion in late 2014, with individual units available
for lease in 2015.
EPA Region 6
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Conclusion
EPA works closely with its partners at Supcrfund
sites across Region 6 to make sure that sites can be
reused safely and protectively following cleanup.
EPA also works with existing businesses and
organizations at Superfund sites throughout the
cleanup process to ensure they can remain open.
The businesses and organizations operating on these
sites provide jobs and income for communities.
They help generate local and state taxes. Cleanup
and redevelopment also helps stabilize and boost
property values. As of 2013, Region 6 has nearly
40 NPL and Superfund Alternative sites where new
uses are in place or continued uses are ongoing.
Future uses are planned for many more Superfund
sites in Region 6, including at least one site in
each of the five Region 6 states. EPA remains
committed to working with all stakeholders to
support Supcrfund redevelopment opportunities in
Region 6.
The reuse of Superfund sites takes time and is often a learning process for project partners. Ongoing coordination among
EPA, state agencies, local governments, potentially responsible parties, site owners, developers, and nearby residents and
business owners is essential. EPA tools, including reuse assessments or plans, RfR Determinations, comfort letters or partial
deletions of sites from the NPL, often serve as the foundation for moving forward. At some sites, parties may need to take
additional actions to ensure that reuses are compatible with site remedies.
Results from across Region 6 indicate that these efforts are well worth it. Superfund sites are now home to large hotel
and commercial developments, mid-sized developments providing services to surrounding communities, and diverse small
businesses. EPA is committed to working with all stakeholders, using both ""tried-and-tcsted" tools as well as new and
innovative approaches, to support the restoration and renewal of these sites as long-lasting assets for communities in the
south-central United States.
EPA Resources for Superfund Site Reuse
EPA Region 6 Superfund Sites in Reuse Website: list of Superfund sites in reuse for each state
in Region 6.
h ftp: //www, eoa. ao v/suDerfund/oroarams/recvcle/Hve/reaion6. h tml
EPA Region 6 Superfund Redevelopment Initiative Coordinator
Casey Luckett Snyder \ 214-665-7393 [ luckett. casev&eoa, gov
SRI Website: tools, resources and more information about Superfund site reuse,
h ftp: //www, eoa. ao v/superfund/Droarams/recvcle/index. h tml
EPA Office of Site Remediation Enforcement Website: tools that address landowner liability
concerns. http://cfpub.eDa.gov/comDliance/resources/Dolicies/cleanuD/suDerfund/
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EPA Region 6
Vertac, Inc. site (Arkansas)

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Sources
Business, Job and Sales Information
The Hoovers/Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) database provided information on the number of employees and sales volume for
on-site businesses. Hoovers/D&B provides information on businesses and corporations. It maintains a database of over
179 million companies using a variety of sources, including public records, trade references, telecommunication providers,
newspapers and publications, and telephone interviews. In instances where employment and sales volume for on-site
businesses could not be identified, information was sought from the Manta database.
The BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages database provided average weekly wage data for each of the
businesses. Average weekly wage data were identified by matching the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) codes corresponding with each type of business with weekly wage data for corresponding businesses. If not
available at the county level, wage data were sought by state or national level, respectively. In cases where wage data were
not available for the six-digit NAICS code, higher level (less detailed) NAICS codes were used to obtain the wage data.
To determine the annual wages (mean annual) earned from jobs generated by each of the businesses identified, the average
weekly wage figure was multiplied by the number of weeks in a year (52) and by the number of jobs (employees) for each
of the businesses.
Business and employment data were collected in 2013. Annual employment income is based on job data estimated in 2013
using the annual value for BLS average weekly wage data for those jobs from 2012 (the latest available data). All figures
presented have been rounded for the convenience of the reader. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations of total
businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.
Reuse in Action
Write-ups of sites in reuse or continued use included in this study are based on available EPA resources, including SRI reuse
snapshots, SRI Return to Use Demonstration Project fact sheets, in-depth case studies and local impact case studies. As
appropriate, information on businesses, jobs and sales referred to in these EPA documents has been updated using available
databases, such as the Hoovers/D&B database, or through communications with site contacts. Links to EPA's SRI reuse
snapshots as well as the case studies are included below.
SRI Reuse Snapshots
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/live/region6.html
SRI Return to Use Demonstration Project Fact Sheets
Big Tex Grain. 2013.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/rtul3-bigtex.pdf
Fruit Avenue Plume. 2013.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/rtul3-fruitave.pdf
Highway 71/72 Refinery. 2011.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/rtull-highway7172.pdf
Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant. 2009.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/rtu09_longhornarmy.pdf
SRI Case Studies
Vertac, Inc. 2012. Public-Sector Land Uses and Superfund Redevelopment: The Vertac, Inc. Site in Jacksonville, Arkansas.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/vertac-case-study.pdf
EPA Region 6
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SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Region 6
1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75202
July 2014 | www.epa.gov/region6/superfund
Printed on 100% recycled/recyclable paper
^ 0 with minimum 25% post-consumer fiber.

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