CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008
Final: 04/21/2008
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)
CASAC Ambient Air Monitoring & Methods (AAMM) Subcommittee
Summary Meeting Minutes of CASAC Subcommittee Public Advisory Tele-
conference Meeting
Monday, March 25, 2008 - 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time
SAB Staff Office, Washington DC
Advisory Meeting to Conduct a Consultation on Ambient Air Monitoring Is-
sues related to the Lead National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Panel Members: See CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Roster - Appendix A
Agenda:	See Meeting Agenda - Appendix B
Purpose:	The purpose of this public teleconference meeting was for the CASAC Ambi-
ent Air Monitoring & Methods (AAMM) Subcommittee to conduct a consul-
tation concerning ambient air monitoring issues related to the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for lead, including issues associated with
alternative lead indicators. This consultation is being held at the request of the
Agency's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), within the
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR).
Attendees:	Chair:	Dr. Armistead (Ted) Russell
CASAC Members: Dr. Ellis Cowling
Dr. Douglas Crawford-Brown
Dr. Donna Kenski
Panel Members: Mr. George Allen
Mr. Bart Croes
Dr. Delbert Eatough
Mr. Eric Edgerton
Mr. Henry (Dirk) Felton
Dr. Philip Hopke
Dr. Rudolf Husar
Dr. Kazuhiko Ito
Dr. Thomas Lumley
Mr. Rich Poirot
Dr. Kimberly Prather
Dr. Jay Turner
Dr. Warren White
Dr. Yousheng Zeng
Dr. Barbara Zielinska

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CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008
Final: 04/21/2008
EPA SAB Staff: Mr. Fred Butterfield, CASAC Designated Federal
Officer (DFO)
Other EPA Staff: Mr. Kevin Cavender, OAR, OAQPS
Dr. Kasey Kovalcik, ORD, NERL
Dr. Karen Martin, OAR, OAQPS
Dr. Deirdre Murphy, OAR, OAQPS
Mr. Michael Papp, OAR, OAQPS
Ms. Joann Rice, OAR, OAQPS
Mr. Lewis Weinstock, OAR, OAQPS
Dr. Robert Vanderpool, ORD, NERL
Ms. Lydia Wegman, OAR, OAQPS
Meeting Summary
The discussion followed the issues and general timing as presented in the meeting agenda (Ap-
pendix B).
Convene Meeting. Call Attendance. Introduction and Administration
Mr. Fred Butterfield, Designated Federal Officer (DFO) for the Clean Air Scientific Advisory
Committee, opened the teleconference meeting, called attendance, and welcomed all attendees.
He noted the CASAC is a Federal Advisory Committee chartered under the Federal Advisory
Committee Act (FACA) to provide advice and recommendations to the EPA Administrator, and
that the Ambient Air Monitoring & Methods (AAMM) Subcommittee is a standing subcommit-
tee of the Committee that provides its formal advice and recommendations to the Administrator
via the CASAC. Consistent with FACA regulations, the deliberations of CASAC are held as
public meetings and teleconferences for which advance notice is given in the Federal Register.
The DFO is present at all such meetings to assure compliance with FACA requirements. He
mentioned that there were no individuals who had registered with him in advance to provide oral
public comments during today's teleconference. Mr. Butterfield said a transcript of this telecon-
ference is not being taken. However, summary minutes were taken (by the DFO) for this tele-
conference meeting. These minutes will be certified by the CASAC AAMM Subcommittee
Chair and posted on the SAB Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/casac) within 90 days after this
meeting. Mr. Butterfield noted that all participating Subcommittee members had submitted
documentation with respect to possible financial conflicts-of-interest or appearances of a lack of
impartiality, which was reviewed by the SAB staff prior to the teleconference meeting and found
to be satisfactory.
Purpose of Meeting and Welcome
Dr. Armistead (Ted) Russell, CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Chair, welcomed Subcommittee
Panel members and briefly stated the purpose of the meeting (see above).
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CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008	Final: 04/21/2008
Overview Presentation on Lead NAAQS Monitoring Issues from OAQPS
Mr. Kevin Cavender and Ms. Joann Rice of OAQPS gave a brief status update concerning EPA's
ongoing review of the NAAQS for lead, followed by a detailed overview presentation on the
Agency technical documents on Lead NAAQS monitoring issues. The presentation materials
from the EPA program office are posted on the "CASAC" page of the Agency's Technology
Transfer Network (TTN) Web site at URL: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/casacinf.html and are
also found in hard-copy in the associated FACA file for this teleconference. AAMM Subcom-
mittee members asked follow-up questions of the Agency staff both during and after their over-
view presentation.
Public Comment Period
(There were no public commenters during this teleconference.)
Summary of the CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Consultative Discussion on Lead NAAQS
Monitoring Issues
The CASAC AAMM Subcommittee then discussed the four Agency documents covering the
various aspects of potential ambient air monitoring requirements for the Lead NAAQS that are
the subject of this consultation with EPA staff. Key points raised during this discussion for each
Agency document include the following:
"Options for Lead NAAQS Indicator: Monitoring Implications "
•	Subcommittee members affirmed the CASAC Lead Review Panel's recommendations
that the Agency transition from lead in total suspended particulates (TSP-Pb) to lead in
PMio (PMio-Pb) as the indicator for lead. It was acknowledged that there are reasons for
maintaining TSP as the indicator, especially the large historical data-trend record for
TSP. TSP-Pb could conceivably continue to be used in select, localized areas (in other
words, used as the exception rather than the rule), particularly when the lower limit of the
Lead NAAQS is being approached.
•	EPA needs to develop an improved "Hi-Vol" monitor {i.e., a high-volume ambient air
sampler), since the current Hi-Vol device suffers from sampling variability.
•	Members were not in favor of multiplying PMi0-Pb data by a "scaling factor" to make the
data "equivalent" to TSP-Pb, with one Subcommittee member commenting that scaling
seemed trivial compared to making the Lead NAAQS more stringent, while another re-
marked that scaling was less effective than improving TSP sampling.
•	One member raised a question about the reliability of the data reflected in Figure 2 ("Plot
of source oriented Pb-TSP and Pb-PMio data"), and Agency staff indicated that they
would provide the results of a roughly two-decade-old study conducted by the State of
Montana concerning co-located PMi0/Hi-Vol monitoring results to the DFO for transmit-
tal to the members of the Subcommittee.
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CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008
Final: 04/21/2008
•	Subcommittee members discussed issues regarding the sensitivity of high- and low-
volume TSP to wind speed and direction, with one member noting that source-oriented
monitors already depend on these.
"Draft Federal Reference Method (FRM) and Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) Criteria for
Lead in PMw (Pb-PMw) "
•	With respect to the question of using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis technique
for the PMio-Pb FRM, one Subcommittee member commented that, while XRF may be
appropriate for an FEM analytical method, ICP-MS (inductively-coupled plasma mass
spectroscopy) or GFAA (graphite furnace atomic absorption) spectrometry should be
used for the FRM analytical method since those methods do not have the potential for ar-
senic interference as does XRF.
•	Similarly, another member commented that specifying XRF as the analysis method for
the PMio-Pb FRM would cause analytical problems due to non-uniform loading and non-
ideal filter loading densities. Instead, he recommended that ICP-MS be the analysis
method for the FRM and for the Performance Evaluation Program (PEP) audit samples,
since ICP-MS is more accurate and it does not require the filter to be uniformly-loaded.
In addition, he noted that XRF should be designated as a cost-effective FEM.
•	One Subcommittee member remarked that it is appropriate to use the low-volume PMi0c
FRM sampler as the Pb-PMio FRM sampler, noting that sequential PMio samplers should
also be allowed, either as FRM or FEM samplers — adding that the dichotomous sampler
is an obvious candidate for an FEM sampler for lead.
•	Several members noted that there can be problems in areas with significant arsenic (As)
concentrations, since there is an overlap (i.e., spectral interference) in the As Ka with one
of the Pb L-lines.
"LeadNAAQS Ambient Air Monitoring Network: Network Design Options Under Considera-
tion "
•	One Subcommittee member commented that the focus for lead in ambient air should be
source monitoring, adding that population monitoring is the least critical need. In addi-
tion, the data for roadway monitoring are too limited at present and likely inadequate to
make a determination about the extent of monitoring needed there (though perhaps these
will be available during the next review cycle for Pb NAAQS).
•	This member also noted that it would be appropriate to waive the monitoring require-
ments for either source or non-source-oriented monitors if several years of monitoring
data (either PMi0 or TSP) were to demonstrate compliance or if a comprehensive model-
ing analysis for a source shows no potential for exceedances. However, even under those
circumstances a modicum of maintenance monitoring should be required for sources that
have the potential for exceedances.
•	Another Subcommittee member reiterated that the emphasis of the lead monitoring net-
work should be placed on source monitoring, since point sources now dominate the na-
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CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008
Final: 04/21/2008
tional emissions. Since the single-monitor approach is rather crude, using the source
emission rate as a "scaler" for the number of source-oriented monitoring sites makes
sense. Population-weighed exposure could be considered as an alternative metric for
scaling the number of monitors, which would require more monitors for those sources
that result in higher population exposure. Population-oriented monitors — specifically,
bringing the population into source monitoring — would also require more consideration.
•	Still another Subcommittee member reiterated that emphasis should be placed on popula-
tion monitoring and source-oriented monitoring, adding that it is important to consider
historical industrial activities (i.e., sources) rather than relying solely on contemporary
emission inventories. As an example, he cited the significant source of PMi0-Pb in East
St. Louis. MO from the resuspension of Pb that was deposited from smelting activities
that have been shutdown for several decades.
•	Another member of the Subcommittee noted that EPA's SCREEN3 model was used
without considering building downwash, yet the modeling results were referred to as
worst cases. Since consideration of building downwash could yield higher modeled im-
pacts than the results in this memo, these results should not be characterized as conserva-
tive. This member also remarked using Pb-PMio will also be consistent with EPA's New
Source Review (NSR) permitting program.
"LeadNAAQS Ambient Air Monitoring Network: Sampling Frequency Options Under Consid-
eration "
•	Once Subcommittee member commented that, if the Pb NAAQS is based on a monthly
average, the l-in-6 day sampling schedule is not frequent enough. She recommended a
l-in-3 day sampling frequency, noting that the lower the NAAQS, the higher the sam-
pling frequency needed. This member remarked that it is appropriate to relax the sam-
pling frequency in areas of low Pb concentration to l-in-6 days if all 12 monthly averages
in a calendar year are lower than 30% of the Pb NAAQS.
•	Another Subcommittee member questioned the Pb NAAQS averaging time, noting that 1-
in-6-day sampling clearly will not produce a reliable estimate of the monthly average.
(However, EPA staff pointed-out that this was the consensus recommendation of the
CASAC Lead Review Panel.)
EPA staff then had some follow-up questions for the Subcommittee concerning monitoring
implications, specifically the role that a low-volume ("Lo-Vol") TSP monitor could play with
regard to what might be missed by the PMi0-Pb monitor. When asked if Subcommittee
members had any experience with Lo-Vol sampler inlets, one member replied that a Lo-Vol
TSP head was commercially-available. A brief discussion on these issues followed.
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CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008
Final: 04/21/2008
Summary and Next Steps
Dr. Russell thanked the members of the Subcommittee for their participation and asked them to
provide their initial or revised/updated individual written comments to him and Mr. Butterfield,
DFO. These will be included as an appendix to the pro forma letter being sent to the EPA Ad-
ministrator informing him that this teleconference consultation took place. Members' individual
written comments are requested as soon as practicable, but by no later than close of business on
Tuesday, April 1.
Mr. Butterfield also thanked everyone on the conference call for their participation, and the DFO
adjourned the meeting at approximately 4:15 p.m.
Respectfully Submitted:	Certified as True:
/s/	/s/
e£ct, '777	(X/i#vviS%~e>a>ct (Te>ct) T^tAA6eM>,
Fred A. Butterfield, III
CASAC DFO
Armistead (Ted) Russell, Ph.D., Chair
CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Chair
Date: April 21, 2008
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CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008	Final: 04/21/2008
Appendix A - Roster of the CASAC AAMM Subcommittee
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)
CASAC Ambient Air Monitoring & Methods (AAMM) Subcommittee
CASAC MEMBERS
Dr. Armistead (Ted) Russell (Chair), Georgia Power Distinguished Professor of Environmental Engi-
neering, Environmental Engineering Group, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
Dr. Ellis Cowling, University Distinguished Professor At-Large, Emeritus, Colleges of Natural Re-
sources and Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
Dr. Donna Kenski, Director of Data Analysis, Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO),
Rosemont, IL
SUBCOMMITTEE MEMBERS
Mr. George Allen, Senior Scientist, Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
(NESCAUM), Boston, MA
Dr. Judith Chow, Research Professor, Desert Research Institute, Air Resources Laboratory, University
of Nevada, Reno, NV
Mr. Bart Croes, Chief, Research Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA
Dr. Kenneth Demerjian,* Professor and Director, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State Univer-
sity of New York, Albany, NY
Dr. Delbert Eatough, Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Brig-
ham Young University, Provo, UT
Mr. Eric Edgerton, President, Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, NC
Mr. Henry (Dirk) Felton, Research Scientist, Division of Air Resources, Bureau of Air Quality Surveil-
lance, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY
Dr. Philip Hopke, Bayard D. Clarkson Distinguished Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering,
Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY
Dr. Rudolf Husar, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Engineering and Applied Science, Washington
University, St. Louis, MO
Dr. Kazuhiko Ito, Assistant Professor, Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York Univer-
sity, Tuxedo, NY
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CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008
Final: 04/21/2008
Dr. Thomas Lumley, Associate Professor, Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medi-
cine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Dr. Peter McMurry,* Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Mr. Richard L. Poirot, Environmental Analyst, Air Pollution Control Division, Department of Envi-
ronmental Conservation, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Waterbury, VT
Dr. Kimberly Prather, Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Dr. Jay Turner, Visiting Professor, Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California - Davis, Davis,
CA
Dr. Warren H. White, Research Professor, Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California -
Davis, Davis, CA
Dr. Yousheng Zeng, Air Quality Services Director, Providence Engineering & Environmental Group
LLC, Providence Engineering and Environmental Group LLC, Baton Rouge, LA
Dr. Barbara Zielinska, Research Professor, Division of Atmospheric Science, Desert Research Institute,
Reno, NV
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD STAFF
Mr. Fred Butterfield, Designated Federal Officer, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC,
20460, Phone: 202-343-9994, Fax: 202-233-0643 (butterfield.fred@epa.gov) (Physical/Courier/FedEx
Address: Fred A. Butterfield, III, EPA Science Advisory Board Staff Office (Mail Code 1400F), Woodies
Building, 1025 F Street, N.W., Room 3604, Washington, DC 20004, Telephone: 202-343-9994)
*Dr. Demeijian and Dr. McMurry did not participate in this CASAC AAMM Subcommittee activity.
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CASAC AAMM Subcommittee Teleconference Meeting, March 25, 2008
Final: 04/21/2008
Appendix B - Meeting Agenda
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)
CASAC Ambient Air Monitoring & Methods (AAMM) Subcommittee
Public Advisory Teleconference Meeting
Tuesday, March 25, 2008 - 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time (EDT)
Advisory Meeting to Conduct a Consultation on Ambient Air Monitoring Is-
sues related to the Lead National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Meeting Agenda
1:00 p.m. Convene Teleconference; Call Attendance;
Introductions and Administration
1:10p.m. Purpose of Meeting
1:15 p.m. Overview and status of Lead NAAQS review
and overview of Agency technical documents
on Lead NAAQS monitoring issues from EPA's
Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards
1:45 p.m. Public Comment Period
2:15 p.m. Panel Members' Discussions
Document/Discussion Topic
•	"Options for Lead NAAQS Indicator:
Monitoring Implications"
•	"Draft Federal Reference Method (FRM)
and Federal Equivalent Method (FEM)
Criteria for Lead in PMi0 (Pb-PMi0)"
•	"Lead NAAQS Ambient Air Monitoring
Network: Network Design Options Under
Consideration"
Mr. Fred Butterfield,
CASAC DFO
Dr. Ted Russell, Chair
Mr. Kevin Cavender &
Ms. Joann Rice, OAQPS
Mr. Butterfield (Facilitator)
CASAC AAMM Subcommittee
Lead Discussants
Mr. Rich Poirot &
Dr. Ellis Cowling
Dr. Phil Hopke &
Mr. George Allen
Dr. Donna Kenski &
Dr. Rudolf Husar
"Lead NAAQS Ambient Air Monitoring
Network: Sampling Frequency Options
Under Consideration"
Dr. Barbara Zielinska &
Dr. Warren White
4:45 p.m. Summary and Next Steps
5:00 p.m. Adjourn Meeting
Dr. Russell
Mr. Butterfield
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