Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Last Modified: 7 November 2011
Typically, greenhouse gas emissions are reported in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (C02e). Gases are converted to C02e by multiplying by the gas' global warming potential (GWP). The emission factors
listed in this sheet ha\« not been converted to C02e. In order to do so, multiply the emissions by the corresponding GWP listed in the table below.
Gas
GWP
ch4
21
n2o
310
Source:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1995);
Second Assessment Report.
Table 1 | Stationary Combustion Emission Factors
Fuel Type
Heating Value
C02 Factor
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor
C02 Factor
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor
Unit
mmBtu per short
ton
kg CO2 per
mmBtu
g CH4 per mmBtu
g N2O per mmBtu
kg CO2 per short
ton
g CH4 per short
ton
g N2Oper short
ton
Coal and Coke
Anthracite Coai
25.09
103.54
11
1.6
2,598
276
40
short tons
Bituminous Coai
24.93
93.40
11
1.6
2,328
274
40
short tons
Sub-bituminous Coai
17.25
97.02
11
1.6
1,674
190
28
short tons
Liqnite Coai
14.21
96.36
11
1.6
1,369
156
23
short tons
Mixed (Commercial Sector)
21.39
95.26
11
1.6
2,038
235
34
short tons
Mixed (Electric Power Sector)
19.73
94.38
11
1.6
1,862
217
32
short tons
Mixed (Industrial Coking)
26.28
93.65
11
1.6
2,461
289
42
short tons
Mixed (Industrial Sector)
22.35
93.91
11
1.6
2,099
246
36
short tons
Coke
24.80
102.04
11
1.6
2,531
273
40
short tons
Fossil Fud-derived Fuels (Solid)
Municipal Solid Waste
9.95
90.70
32
4.2
902
318
42
short tons
Petroleum Coke (Solid)
30.00
102.41
32
4.2
3,072
960
126
short tons
Plastics
38.00
75.00
32
4.2
2,850
1,216
160
short tons
Tires
26.87
85.97
32
4.2
2,310
860
113
short tons
Biomass Fuels (Solid)
Aqricultural Byproducts
8.25
118.17
32
4.2
975
264
35
short tons
Peat
8.00
111.84
32
4.2
895
256
34
short tons
Solid Byproducts
25.83
105.51
32
4.2
2,725
827
108
short tons
Wood and Wood Residuals
15.38
93.80
32
4.2
1,443
492
65
short tons
mmBtu per scf
kg CO2 per
mmBtu
g CH4 per mmBtu
g N20 per mmBtu
kg CO2 per scf
g CH4 per scf
g N20 per scf
Natural Gas
Natural Gas (per scf)
0.001028
53.02
1.0
0.10
0.05450
0.001028
0.000103
scf
Fossil-derived Fuels (Gaseous)
Blast Furnace Gas
0.000092
274.32
0.022
0.10
0.02524
0.000002
0.000009
scf
Coke Oven Gas
0.000599
46.85
0.480
0.10
0.02806
0.000288
0.000060
scf
Fuel Gas
0.001388
59.00
0.022
0.10
0.08189
0.000031
0.000139
scf
Propane Gas
0.002516
61.46
0.022
0.10
0.15463
0.000055
0.000252
scf
Biomass Fuels (Gaseous)
Biogas (Captured Methane)
0.000841
52.07
3.200
0.630
0.04379
0.002691
0.000530
scf
mmBtu per gallon
kg CO^psr
mmBtu
g CH4 per mmBtu
g N2O per mmBtu
kg CO? per gallon
g CH4 per gallon
g N2Qper gallon
Petroleum Products
Asphalt and Road Oil
0.158
75.36
3.0
0.60
11.91
0.47
0.09
qallon
Aviation Gasoline
0.120
69.25
3.0
0.60
8.31
0.36
0.07
qallon
Butane
0.101
65.15
3.0
0.60
6.58
0.30
0.06
qallon
Butylene
0.103
67.73
3.0
0.60
6.98
0.31
0.06
qallon
Crude Oil
0.138
74.49
3.0
0.60
10.28
0.41
0.08
qallon
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 1
0.139
73.25
3.0
0.60
10.18
0.42
0.08
qallon
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2
0.138
73.96
3.0
0.60
10.21
0.41
0.08
qallon
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 4
0.146
75.04
3.0
0.60
10.96
0.44
0.09
qallon
Ethane
0.069
62.64
3.0
0.60
4.32
0.21
0.04
qallon
Ethylene
0.100
67.43
3.0
0.60
6.74
0.30
0.06
qallon
Heavy Gas Oils
0.148
74.92
3.0
0.60
11.09
0.44
0.09
qallon
Isobutane
0.097
64.91
3.0
0.60
6.30
0.29
0.06
qallon
Isobutylene
0.103
67.74
3.0
0.60
6.98
0.31
0.06
qallon
Kerosene
0.135
75.20
3.0
0.60
10.15
0.41
0.08
qallon
Kerosene-type Jet Fuel
0.135
72.22
3.0
0.60
9.75
0.41
0.08
qallon
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
0.092
62.98
3.0
0.60
5.79
0.28
0.06
qallon
Lubricants
0.144
74.27
3.0
0.60
10.69
0.43
0.09
qallon
Motor Gasoline
0.125
70.22
3.0
0.60
8.78
0.38
0.08
qallon
Naphtha (<401 deq F)
0.125
68.02
3.0
0.60
8.50
0.38
0.08
qallon
Natural Gasoline
0.110
66.83
3.0
0.60
7.35
0.33
0.07
qallon
Other Oil (>401 deq F)
0.139
76.22
3.0
0.60
10.59
0.42
0.08
qallon
Pentanes Plus
0.110
70.02
3.0
0.60
7.70
0.33
0.07
qallon
Petrochemical Feedstocks
0.129
70.97
3.0
0.60
9.16
0.39
0.08
qallon
Petroleum Coke
0.143
102.41
3.0
0.60
14.64
0.43
0.09
qallon
Propane
0.091
61.46
3.0
0.60
5.59
0.27
0.05
qallon
Propylene
0.091
65.95
3.0
0.60
6.00
0.27
0.05
qallon
Residual Fuel Oil No. 5
0.140
72.93
3.0
0.60
10.21
0.42
0.08
qallon
Residual Fuel Oil No. 6
0.150
75.10
3.0
0.60
11.27
0.45
0.09
qallon
Special Naphtha
0.125
72.34
3.0
0.60
9.04
0.38
0.08
qallon
Still Gas
0.143
66.72
3.0
0.60
9.54
0.43
0.09
qallon
Unfinished Oils
0.139
74.49
3.0
0.60
10.35
0.42
0.08
qallon
Used Oil
0.135
74.00
3.0
0.60
9.99
0.41
0.08
qallon
Biomass Fuels
Biodiesel (100%)
0.128
73.84
1.1
0.11
9.45
0.14
0.01
qallon
Ethanol (100%)
0.084
68.44
1.1
0.11
5.75
0.09
0.01
qallon
Rendered Animal Fat
0.125
71.06
1.1
0.11
8.88
0.14
0.01
qallon
Veqetable Oil
0.120
81.55
1.1
0.11
9.79
0.13
0.01
qallon
mmBtu par gallon
kg C02 per
mmBtu
g CH4 per mmBtu
g N20 per mmBtu
Steam and Hot Water
Steam and Hot Water
88.18
8.169
0.603
mmBtu
Sources:
Solid, gaseous, liquid and biomass fuels: Federal Register (2009) EPA; 40 CFR Parts 86, 87, 89et at; Mandatory Reporting ofGreenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 300ct09, 261 pp. Tables C-1 and C-2 at FR pp.
56409-56410. Revised emission factors for selected fuels: Federal Register (2010) EPA; 40 CFR Part 98; Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 17Dec10, 81 pp.
Steam and Hot Water: United States. Energy information Administration (2010); Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases, 1605(b) Program, Appendix N: Emissions Factors for Steam and Chilled Water.
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Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Last Modified: 26 September 2011
Table 2 | C02 Emissions for Transportation Fuels for Road Vehicles, Locomotives, and Aircraft
Fuel Type
kg C02 per unit
Unit
Aviation Gasoline
8.31
qallon
Biodiesel
9.45
qallon
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
0.0545
scf
Diesel Fuel
10.21
qallon
Ethane
4.32
qallon
Ethanol
5.75
qallon
Jet Fuel (kerosene type)
9.75
qallon
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
4.46
qallon
LPG
5.79
qallon
Methanol
4.10
qallon
Motor Gasoline
8.78
qallon
Propane
5.59
qallon
Residual Fuel Oil (Resid #5; Bunker C)
11.27
gallon
Sources:
Federal Register (2009) EPA; 40 CFR Parts 86, 87, 89et at; Mandatory Reporting ofGreenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 300ct09, 261 pp. Tables C-1 and C-2 at FR pp. 56409-56410.
LNG sourced from: US EPA (2008); Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol Core Module Guidance- Direct Emissions from Mobile Combustion Sources, EPA Climate Leaders, Table B-5, p. 33.
Methanol sourced from: The Climate Registry (2011); General Reporting Protocol for the Voluntary Reporting Program, Default Emission Factors, Table 13.1 US Default C02 Emission Factors for Transport Fuels.
Table 3 | CH4 and N2Q Emissions for Highway Vehicles
Vehicle Type
Year
CH4 Factor
NjO Factor
(g / mile)
{g / mile)
Gasoline Passenger Cars
1984-1993
0.0704
0.0647
1994
0.0531
0.0560
1995
0.0358
0.0473
1996
0.0272
0.0426
1997
0.0268
0.0422
1998
0.0249
0.0393
1999
0.0216
0.0337
2000
0.0178
0.0273
2001
0.0110
0.0158
2002
0.0107
0.0153
2003
0.0114
0.0135
2004
0.0145
0.0083
2005
0.0147
0.0079
2006
0.0161
0.0057
2007
0.0170
0.0041
2008
0.0172
0.0038
2009-p resent
0.0173
0.0036
Gasoline Light-duty Trucks
1987-1993
0.0813
0.1035
(Vans, Pickup Trucks, SUVs)
1994
0.0646
0.0982
1995
0.0517
0.0908
1996
0.0452
0.0871
1997
0.0452
0.0871
1998
0.0391
0.0728
1999
0.0321
0.0564
2000
0.0346
0.0621
2001
0.0151
0.0164
2002
0.0178
0.0228
2003
0.0155
0.0114
2004
0.0152
0.0132
2005
0.0157
0.0101
2006
0.0159
0.0089
2007
0.0161
0.0079
2008
0.0163
0.0066
2009-p resent
0.0163
0.0066
Gasoline Heavy-duty Vehicles
1985-1986
0.4090
0.0515
1987
0.3675
0.0849
1988-1989
0.3492
0.0933
1990-1995
0.3246
0.1142
1996
0.1278
0.1680
1997
0.0924
0.1726
1998
0.0641
0.1693
1999
0.0578
0.1435
2000
0.0493
0.1092
2001
0.0528
0.1235
2002
0.0546
0.1307
2003
0.0533
0.1240
2004
0.0341
0.0285
2005
0.0326
0.0177
2006
0.0326
0.0175
2007
0.0327
0.0173
2008
0.0327
0.0171
2009-p resent
0.0327
0.0169
Sources:
1984-2005 factors from: US EPA (2008); Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol Core Module Guidance - Direct Emissions from Mobile Combustion Sources, EPA Climate Leaders, Table 3.
2006-2009 factors from: US EPA (2011) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2009, EPA 430- R-11-005. All Values are calculated from Tables A-97 through At 100.
Page 2 of 6
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Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Last Modified: 26 September 2011
Table 4 | CH4 and N2Q Emissions for Highway Vehicles: Diesel and Alternative Fuels
VehicleType
Vehicle Year
CH4 Factor
(g / mile)
N20 Factor
{g / mile)
Diesel Passenger Cars
1960-1982
0.0006
0.0012
1983-p resent
0.0005
0.0010
Diesel Light-duty Trucks
1960-1982
0.0011
0.0017
1983-1995
0.0009
0.0014
1996-p resent
0.0010
0.0015
Diesel Heavy-duty Vehicles
1960-present
0.0051
0.0048
Gasoline Motorcycles (Non-Catalyst)
Non-catalyst
Control
0.0672
0.0069
Gasoline Motorcycles (Uncontrolled)
Uncontrolled
0.0899
0.0087
CNG Liqht-duty Vehicles
0.737
0.050
CNG Heavy-duty Vehicles
1.966
0.175
CNG Buses
1.966
0.175
LPG Liqht-duty Vehicles
0.037
0.067
LPG Heavy-duty Vehicles
0.066
0.175
LNG Heavy-duty Vehicles
1.966
0.175
Ethanol Liqht-duty Vehicles
0.055
0.067
Ethanol Heavy-duty Vehicles
0.197
0.175
Ethanol Buses
0.197
0.175
Source:
US EPA (2008); Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol Core Module Guidance - Direct Emissions from Mobile Combustion Sources,
EPA Climate Leaders, Table 3.
Table 5 | CH4 and N2O Emissions for Non-highway Vehicles
VehicleType
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor
(g / gallon)
(g/gallon)
LPG Non-Hiqhway Vehicles
0.50
0.22
Residual Oil Ships and Boats
0.86
0.30
Diesel Ships and Boats
0.74
0.26
Gasoline Ships and Boats
0.64
0.22
Diesel Locomotives
0.80
0.26
Gasoline Aqricultural Equip.
1.26
0.22
Diesel Aqricultural Equip.
1.44
0.26
Gasoline Construction EauiD.
0.50
0.22
Diesel Construction EauiD.
0.58
0.26
Jet Fuel Aircraft
0.27
0.31
Aviation Gasoline Aircraft
7.04
0.11
Biodiesel Vehicles
0.58
0.26
Other Diesel Sources
0.58
0.26
Other Gasoline Sources
0.50
0.22
Note:
LPG non-highway vehicles assumed equal to other gasoline sources. Biodiesel vehicles assumed equal to other diesel sources.
Source:
US EPA (2008); Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol Core Module Guidance - Direct Emissions from Mobile Combustion Sources, EPA Climate
Leaders, Tables A-6 and A-7.
Table 6 | Refrigerants and Global Warming Potentials (GWPs)
Gas
GWP
O
O
1
CH4
21
n2o
310
sf6
23,900
HFC-23
11.700
HFC-32
650
HFC-125
2,800
HFC-134a
1,300
HFC-143a
3,800
HFC-152a
140
HFC-227ea
2,900
H FC-236fa
6,300
CFd
6,500
C2F6
9,200
c3f8
7,000
c-C4F8
8,700
c4f10
7,000
C5F12
7,500
C6F14
7,400
Source:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1995); SecondAssessment Report. Use of the Second Assessment Report on Global Warming Potential v alues is consistent with current international
agreements.
Page 3 of 6
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Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Last Modified: 26 September 2011
Table 6b I Blended Refrigerants (ASHRAE #)
ASHRAE#
Blend GWP
HFC/PFC
Blend Make-up
R - 401A
18.2
53% HCFC-22 . 34% HCFC-124 . 13% HFC-152a
R - 401B
15.4
61% HCFC-22 . 28% HCFC-124 .11% HFC-152a
R-401C
21
33% HCFC-22 . 52% HCFC-124 . 15% HFC-152a
R-402A
1,680
38% HCFC-22 . 6% HFC-125 . 2% propane
R-402B
1,064
6% HCFC-22 . 38% HFC-125 . 2% propane
R-403B
2,730
56% HCFC-22 . 39% PFC-218 . 5% propane
R - 404A
3,260
44% HFC-125 . 4% HFC-134a . 52% HFC 143a
R - 406A
55% HCFC-22 . 41% HCFC-142b . 4% isobutane
R - 407A
1,770
20% HFC-32 . 40% HFC-125 . 40% HFC-134a
R - 407B
2,285
10% HFC-32 . 70% HFC-125 . 20% HFC-134a
R - 407C
1.525.5
23% HFC-32 . 25% HFC-125 . 52% HFC-134a
R-407D
1.427.5
15% HFC-32 . 15% HFC-125 . 70% HFC-134a
R - 407E
1.362.5
25% H FC-32 . 15% HFC-125 . 60% HFC-134a
R - 408A
1.944
47% HCFC-22 . 7% HFC-125 . 46% HFC 143a
R - 409A
60% HCFC-22 . 25% HCFC-124 . 15% HCFC-142b
R - 41 OA
1.725
50% HFC-32 . 50% HFC-125
R - 41 OB
1.832.5
45% HFC-32 . 55% HFC-125
R-411A
15.4
87.5% HCFC-22 .11 HFC-152a . 1.5% propvlene
R-411B
4.2
94% HCFC-22 . 3% HFC-152a . 3% propvlene
R - 413A
1.774
88%HFC-134a . 9% PFC-218 . 3%isobutane
R-414A
51% HCFC-22 . 28.5% HCFC-124 . 16.5% HCFC-142
R-414B
5% HCFC-22 . 39% HCFC-124 . 9.5% HCFC-142b
R - 417A
1.954.8
46.6% HFC-125 . 5% HFC-134a . 3.4% butane
R-422A
2,532.3
85.1 % HFC-125 .11.5% HFC-134a . 3.4% isobutane
R-422D
2,232.3
65.1% HFC-125 . 31.5%HFC-134a . 3.4%isobutane
R - 423A
2,060
47.5% HFC-227ea , 52.5% HFC-134a ,
R - 424A
2,011
Mixture of: HFC-125 , HFC-134a , butane, pentane.
R - 426A
1,349
Mixture of: HFC-125 , HFC-134a , butane, pentane.
R - 428A
2,930
77.5% HFC-125 . 2% HFC-143a . 1.9% isobutane
R - 434A
2,652
Mixture of: HFC-125 . HFC-134a . HFC-143a. GWP
R - 500
36.7
73.8% CFC-12 . 26.2% HFC-152a , 48.8% HCFC-22
R - 502
48.8% HCFC-22 . 51.2% CFC-115
R- 504
313.3
48.2% HFC-32 . 51.8% CFC-115
R - 507
3,300
5% HFC-125 . 5% HFC143a
R - 508A
10,175
39% H FC-23 , 61% PFC-116
R-508B
10,350
46% H FC-23 , 54% PFC-116
Source:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1995); SecondAssessment Report. Use of the Second Assessment Report on Global Warming Potential v alues is consistent with current international
agreements.
The blended refrigerants are based on internet research to determine the constituents, and the GWP is based on the blend of HFC and PFC gases.
Page 4 of 6
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Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Last Modified: 26 September 2011
Table 7 | Electricity Emission Factors (System Average)
Subregion
C02 Factor
CH4 Factor
NzO Factor
(lb CQ2IMM\)
(lb CH4/MWi)
(lb N2G/MWh)
AKGD (ASCC Alaska Grid)
1.284.72
0.02711
0.00744
AKMS (ASCC Miscellaneous)
535.73
0.02265
0.00448
AZNM (WECC Southwest)
1,252.61
0.01880
0.01657
CAMX (WECC California)
681.01
0.02829
0.00623
ERCT (ERCOT All)
1,252.57
0.01776
0.01399
FRCC (FRCC All)
1,220.11
0.04119
0.01525
HIMS (HICC Miscellaneous)
1,343.82
0.13515
0.02171
HI OA (HICC Oahu)
1,620.76
0.09105
0.02089
MROE (MRO East)
1,692.32
0.02879
0.02905
MROW (MRO West)
1,722.67
0.02897
0.02919
NEWE (NPCC New Enqland)
827.95
0.07698
0.01520
NWPP (WECC Northwest)
858.79
0.01634
0.01364
NYCW(NPCC NYC/Westch ester)
704.80
0.02622
0.00335
NYLI (NPCC Lonq Island)
1,418.74
0.09050
0.01310
NYUP (NPCC Upstate NY)
683.27
0.01741
0.00990
RFCE (RFC East)
1.059.32
0.02740
0.01703
RFCM (RFC Michiqan)
1,651.11
0.03255
0.02779
RFCW (RFC West)
1,551.52
0.01837
0.02593
RMPA (WECC Rockies)
1.906.06
0.02363
0.02889
SPNO (SPP North)
1.798.71
0.02122
0.02920
SPSO (SPP South)
1.624.03
0.02452
0.02242
SRMV (SERC Mississippi Vallev)
1,004.10
0.02180
0.01115
SRMW (SERC Midwest)
1,779.27
0.02057
0.02960
SRSO (SERC South)
1,495.47
0.02364
0.02457
SRTV (SERC Tennessee Vallev)
1,540.85
0.01987
0.02548
SRVC (SERC Virginia/Carolina)
1,118.41
0.02226
0.01908
Source:
US EPA (2011); eGRID2010 Version 1.1 Year 2007 Data.
This is a representational map; many of the boundaries shown on this map are approximate because they are based on companies;
not on strictly geographical boundaries.
Source:
US EPA eGRID2010 Version 1.0 December 2010.
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Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Last Modified: 26 September 2011
Table 7b | Electricity Emission Factors (Non-baseload); Used for Green Power / REC Calculations
Subregion
C02 Factor
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor
(lb COj/MVWi)
(lb CH4/MW1)
{lb N20/MWh)
AKGD (ASCC Alaska Grid)
1,363.19
0.03499
0.00695
AKMS (ASCC Miscellaneous)
1,462.30
0.06168
0.01218
AZNM (WECC Southwest)
1,211.84
0.02056
0.00931
CAMX (WECC California)
1,045.30
0.03942
0.00474
ERCT (ERCOT All)
1,096.19
0.01969
0.00563
FRCC (FRCC All)
1,286.41
0.04340
0.01150
HIMS (HICC Miscellaneous)
1,645.57
0.12294
0.02133
HIOA (HICC Oahu)
1,630.89
0.10618
0.01852
MROE (MRO East)
1,905.18
0.03525
0.02998
MROW (MRO West)
1,988.69
0.05359
0.03298
NEWE (NPCC New Enqland)
1,204.91
0.06069
0.01341
NWPP (WECC Northwest)
1,279.58
0.04331
0.01575
NYCW (NPCC NYC/West Chester)
1,234.06
0.03765
0.00488
NYLI (NPCC Lonq Island)
1,397.80
0.04408
0.00699
NYUP (NPCC Upstate NY)
1,384.20
0.03155
0.01619
RFCE (RFC East)
1,671.96
0.03329
0.02219
RFCM (RFC Michiqan)
1,803.64
0.03209
0.02733
RFCW (RFC West)
1,982.05
0.02430
0.03148
RMPA (WECC Rockies)
1,554.38
0.02317
0.01645
SPNCXSPP North)
1,958.22
0.02540
0.02775
SPSO (SPP South)
1.435.24
0.02503
0.01314
SRMV (SERC Mississippi Vallev)
1.171.05
0.02825
0.00691
SRMW (SERC Midwest)
1.945.66
0.02402
0.02969
SRSO (SERC South)
1,551.05
0.02850
0.02169
SRTV (SERC Tennessee Vallev)
1,917.25
0.02598
0.03005
SRVC (SERC Virqinia/Carolina)
1,661.11
0.03801
0.02451
US Average
1,520.21
0.03223
0.01841
Source:
US EPA (2011); eGRID2010 Version 1.1 Year 2007 Data.
Table8 | Business Travel Emission Factors
Vehicle Type
CQ2 Factor
(kg / unit)
CH4 Factor
{g/unit)
N2Q Factor
(g/unit)
Units
PassenqerCar
0.364
0.031
0.032
vehicle-mile
Liqht-duty Truck
0.519
0.036
0.047
vehicle-mile
Motorcycle
0.167
0.070
0.007
\«hicle-mile
Intercity Rail (i.e. Amtrak)
0.185
0.002
0.001
passenger-m
e
Commuter Rail
0.172
0.002
0.001
passenger-m
e
Transit Rail (i.e. Subway, Tram)
0.163
0.004
0.002
passenger-m
e
Bus
0.107
0.0006
0.0005
passenger-m
e
Air Travel - Short Haul (< 300 miles)
0.286
0.0084
0.0091
passenger-m
e
Air Travel - Medium Haul (>= 300 miles,
< 2300 miles)
0.168
0.0009
0.0053
passenger-mile
Air Travel - Long Haul (>= 2300 miles)
0.194
0.0009
0.0061
passenger-mile
Sources:
US EPA (2008); Climate Leaders Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol Core Module Guidance, Optional Emissions from Employee Commuting, Business Travel and Product Transport.
Air travel sourced from: Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (2011); 2011 Guidelines to Defra/DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting. Status Final; Version 1.0; updated July 7,
2011.
Table9 |Product Transport Emission Factors
Vehicle Type
C02 Factor
CH4 Factor
NjO Factor
Units
Medium- and Heavy-duty Truck
1.726
0.021
0.017
vehicle-mile
Passenger Car
0.364
0.031
0.032
vehicle-mile
Light-duty Truck
0.519
0.036
0.047
vehicle-mile
Truck
0.297
0.0035
0.0027
ton-mile
Rail
0.0252
0.002
0.0006
ton-mile
Waterborne Craft
0.048
0.0041
0.0014
ton-mile
Aircraft
1.527
0.0417
0.0479
ton-mile
Source:
Climate Leaders Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol Core Module Guidance, Optional Emissions from Employee Commuting, Business Travel and
Product Transport (May2008).
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