}

Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Last Modified: 19 November 2015
Red text indicates an update from the 2014 version of this document.
Typically, greenhouse gas emissions are reported in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (C02e). Gases are converted to C02e by multiplying by their global warming potential (GWP). The emission factors listed in
this document have not been converted to C02e. To do so, multiply the emissions by the corresponding GWP listed in the table below.
Gas
100-Year GWP
ch4
25
n2o
298
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessment
Report (AR4), 2007. See the source note to Table 9 for further explanation.
| Table 1 | Stationary Combustion Emission Factors
Fuel Type
Heating Value
C02 Factor
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor
C02 Factor
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor
Unit

mmBtu per short
ton
kg CO2 per
mmBtu
g CH, per mmBtu
g N2O per mmBtu
kg CO2 per short
ton
g CH, per short
ton
g N2O per short
ton

Coal and Coke


Anthracite Coal
25.09
103.69
11
1.6
2,602
276
40
short tons
Bituminous Coal
24.93
93.28
11
1.6
2.325
274
40
short tons
Sub-bituminous Coal
17.25
97.17
11
1.6
1,676
190
28
short tons
Lianite Coal
14.21
97.72
11
1.6
1.389
156
23
short tons
Mixed (Commercial Sector)
21.39
94.27
11
1.6
2,016
235
34
short tons
Mixed (Electric Power Sector)
19.73
95.52
11
1.6
1.885
217
32
short tons
Mixed (Industrial Cokinq)
26.28
93.90
11
1.6
2,468
289
42
short tons
Mixed (Industrial Sector)
22.35
94.67
11
1.6
2.116
246
36
short tons
Coal Coke
24.80
113.67
11
1.6
2,819
273
40
short tons
Fossil Fuel-derived Fuels (Solid)

Municipal Solid Waste
9.95
90.70
32
4.2
902
318
42
short tons
Petroleum Coke (Solid)
30.00
102.41
32
4.2
3.072
960
126
short tons
Plastics
38.00
75.00
32
4.2
2,850
1,216
160
short tons
Tires
28.00
85.97
32
4.2
2.407
896
118
short tons
Biomass Fuels (Solid)

Aqricultural Byproducts
8.25
118.17
32
4.2
975
264
35
short tons
Peat
8.00
111.84
32
4.2
895
256
34
short tons
Solid Byproducts
10.39
105.51
32
4.2
1.096
332
44
short tons
Wood and Wood Residuals
17.48
93.80
7.2
3.6
1,640
126
63
short tons

mmBtu per scf
kg CO2 per
mmBtu
g CH, per mmBtu
g N2O per mmBtu
kg CO2 per scf
g CH, per scf
g N2O per scf

Natural Gas


Natural Gas
0.001026 I 53.06 I 1.0 I 0.10 | 0.05444 I 0.00103 I 0.00010 I scf
Fossil-derived Fuels (Gaseous)

Blast Furnace Gas
0.000092
274.32
0.022
0.10
0.02524
0.000002
0.000009
scf
Coke Oven Gas
0.000599
46.85
0.48
0.10
0.02806
0.000288
0.000060
scf
Fuel Gas
0.001388
59.00
3.0
0.60
0.08189
0.004164
0.000833
scf
Propane Gas
0.002516
61.46
0.022
0.10
0.15463
0.000055
0.000252
scf
Biomass Fuels (Gaseous)

Landfill Gas
0.000485
52.07
3.2
0.63
0.025254
0.001552
0.000306
scf
Other Biomass Gases
0.000655
52.07
3.2
0.63
0.034106
0.002096
0.000413
scf

mmBtu per gallon
kg C02 per
mmBtu
g CH, per mmBtu
g N2O per mmBtu
kg CO2 per gallon
g CH, per gallon
g N20 per gallon

Petroleum Products


Asphalt and Road Oil
0.158
75.36
3.0
0.60
11.91
0.47
0.09
aallon
Aviation Gasoline
0.120
69.25
3.0
0.60
8.31
0.36
0.07
qallon
Butane
0.103
64.77
3.0
0.60
6.67
0.31
0.06
qallon
Butylene
0.105
68.72
3.0
0.60
7.22
0.32
0.06
aallon
Crude Oil
0.138
74.54
3.0
0.60
10.29
0.41
0.08
qallon
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 1
0.139
73.25
3.0
0.60
10.18
0.42
0.08
aallon
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2
0.138
73.96
3.0
0.60
10.21
0.41
0.08
qallon
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 4
0.146
75.04
3.0
0.60
10.96
0.44
0.09
aallon
Ethane
0.068
59.60
3.0
0.60
4.05
0.20
0.04
aallon
Ethylene
0.058
65.96
3.0
0.60
3.83
0.17
0.03
aallon
Heavy Gas Oils
0.148
74.92
3.0
0.60
11.09
0.44
0.09
aallon
Isobutane
0.099
64.94
3.0
0.60
6.43
0.30
0.06
aallon
Isobutylene
0.103
68.86
3.0
0.60
7.09
0.31
0.06
aallon
Kerosene
0.135
75.20
3.0
0.60
10.15
0.41
0.08
aallon
Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel
0.135
72.22
3.0
0.60
9.75
0.41
0.08
aallon
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
0.092
61.71
3.0
0.60
5.68
0.28
0.06
aallon
Lubricants
0.144
74.27
3.0
0.60
10.69
0.43
0.09
aallon
Motor Gasoline
0.125
70.22
3.0
0.60
8.78
0.38
0.08
aallon
Naphtha (<401 deq F)
0.125
68.02
3.0
0.60
8.50
0.38
0.08
aallon
Natural Gasoline
0.110
66.88
3.0
0.60
7.36
0.33
0.07
aallon
Other Oil (>401 deq F)
0.139
76.22
3.0
0.60
10.59
0.42
0.08
aallon
Pentanes Plus
0.110
70.02
3.0
0.60
7.70
0.33
0.07
aallon
Petrochemical Feedstocks
0.125
71.02
3.0
0.60
8.88
0.38
0.08
aallon
Petroleum Coke
0.143
102.41
3.0
0.60
14.64
0.43
0.09
aallon
Propane
0.091
62.87
3.0
0.60
5.72
0.27
0.05
aallon
Propylene
0.091
65.95
3.0
0.60
6.00
0.27
0.05
aallon
Residual Fuel Oil No. 5
0.140
72.93
3.0
0.60
10.21
0.42
0.08
aallon
Residual Fuel Oil No. 6
0.150
75.10
3.0
0.60
11.27
0.45
0.09
aallon
Special Naphtha
0.125
72.34
3.0
0.60
9.04
0.38
0.08
aallon
Still Gas
0.143
66.72
3.0
0.60
9.54
0.43
0.09
aallon
Unfinished Oils
0.139
74.54
3.0
0.60
10.36
0.42
0.08
aallon
Used Oil
0.138
74.00
3.0
0.60
10.21
0.41
0.08
aallon
Biomass Fuels (Liquid)

Biodiesel (100%)
0.128
73.84
1.1
0.11
9.45
0.14
0.01
aallon
Ethanol (100%)
0.084
68.44
1.1
0.11
5.75
0.09
0.01
aallon
Rendered Animal Fat
0.125
71.06
1.1
0.11
8.88
0.14
0.01
aallon
Veqetable Oil
0.120
81.55
1.1
0.11
9.79
0.13
0.01
aallon
Biomass Fuels
(Kraft Pulping Liquor, by Wood Furnish)


North American Softwood

94.4
1.9
0.42

North American Hardwood

93.7
1.9
0.42
Baqasse

95.5
1.9
0.42
Bamboo

93.7
1.9
0.42
Straw

95.1
1.9
0.42
Source:
Solid, gaseous, liquid, and biomass fuels: Federal Register (2009) EPA; 40 CFR Parts 86, 87, 89 et al; Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 300ct09, 261 pp. Tables C-1 and C-2 at FRpp. 56409-
56410. Revised emission factors for selected fuels: Federal Register (2010) EPA; 40 CFR Part 98; Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 17Dec10, 81 pp. With Amendments from Memo: Table of Final
2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule (PDF) to 40 CFR part 98, subparts C and AA: Table C-1 to Subpart C—Default C02 Emission Factors and High Heat Values for Various Types of Fuel, Table C-2
to Subpart C—Default CH4 and N20 Emission Factors for Various Types of Fuel, and Table AA-1 to Subpart AA of Part 98—Kraft Pulping Liquor Emissions Factors for Biomass-Based C02, CH4, and N20.
http://www.epa.qov/qhqreportinq/documents/pdf/2013/documents/memo-2013-technical-revisions.pdf
http://www.epa.qov/qhqreportinq/reporters/subpart/c.html
CLIMATE
LEADERSHIP

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Red text indicates an update	Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
from the 2014 version of this document.	Last Modified: 19 November 2015
Mobile Combustion C02 Emission Factors
Fuel Type
kg C02 per unit
Unit
Aviation Gasoline
8.31
aallon
Biodiesel (100%)
9.45
qaiion
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
0.05444
scf
Diesel Fuel
10.21
qaiion
Ethanol (100%)
5.75
aallon
Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel
9.75
qaiion
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
4.46
aallon
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
5.68
qaiion
Motor Gasoline
8.78
aallon
Residual Fuel Oil
11.27
gallon
Federal Register (2009) EPA; 40 CFR Parts 86, 87, 89 et al; Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 300ct09, 261 pp. Tables C-1 and C-2. Table of Final 2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule, September 24, 2013.
LNG sourced from: GREET™ Software, GREET1_2013 Model, Argonne National Laboratory. The GREET model provides carbon content and fuel density, which are used to develop the C02 emission factor.
Mobile Combustion CH4 and N20 Emission Factors for On-Road Gasoline Vehicles
Vehicle Type
Year
CH4 Factor
(q/ mile)
N20 Factor
(q/ mile)
Gasoline Passenger Cars
1973-74
0.1696
0.0197
1975
0.1423
0.0443

1976-77
0.1406
0.0458

1978-79
0.1389
0.0473

1980
0.1326
0.0499

1981
0.0802
0.0626

1982
0.0795
0.0627

1983
0.0782
0.0630

1984-93
0.0704
0.0647

1994
0.0531
0.0560

1995
0.0358
0.0473

1996
0.0272
0.0426

1997
0.0268
0.0422

1998
0.0249
0.0393

1999
0.0216
0.0337

2000
0.0178
0.0273

2001
0.0110
0.0158

2002
0.0107
0.0153

2003
0.0114
0.0135

2004
0.0145
0.0083

2005
0.0147
0.0079

2006
0.0161
0.0057

2007
0.0170
0.0041

2008
0.0172
0.0038

2009-present
0.0173
0.0036
Gasoline Light-Duty Trucks
1973-74
0.1908
0.0218
(Vans, Pickup Trucks, SUVs)
1975
0.1634
0.0513
1976
0.1594
0.0555

1977-78
0.1614
0.0534

1979-80
0.1594
0.0555

1981
0.1479
0.0660

1982
0.1442
0.0681

1983
0.1368
0.0722

1984
0.1294
0.0764

1985
0.1220
0.0806

1986
0.1146
0.0848

1987-93
0.0813
0.1035

1994
0.0646
0.0982

1995
0.0517
0.0908

1996
0.0452
0.0871

1997
0.0452
0.0871

1998
0.0391
0.0728

1999
0.0321
0.0564

2000
0.0346
0.0621

2001
0.0151
0.0164

2002
0.0178
0.0228

2003
0.0155
0.0114

2004
0.0152
0.0132

2005
0.0157
0.0101

2006
0.0159
0.0089

2007
0.0161
0.0079

2008-present
0.0163
0.0066
Gasoline Heavy-Duty Vehicles
<1981
0.4604
0.0497

1982-84
0.4492
0.0538

1985-86
0.4090
0.0515

1987
0.3675
0.0849

1988-1989
0.3492
0.0933

1990-1995
0.3246
0.1142

1996
0.1278
0.1680

1997
0.0924
0.1726

1998
0.0641
0.1693

1999
0.0578
0.1435

2000
0.0493
0.1092

2001
0.0528
0.1235

2002
0.0546
0.1307

2003
0.0533
0.1240

2004
0.0341
0.0285

2005
0.0326
0.0177

2006
0.0327
0.0171

2007
0.0330
0.0153

2008-present
0.0333
0.0134
Gasoline Motorcycles
1960-1995
0.0899
0.0087
1996-present
0.0672
0.0069
Source: EPA (2015) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. All values are calculated from Tables A-102 through A-106.
Page 2 of 5

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Red text indicates an update	Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
from the 2014 version of this document.	Last Modified: 19 November 2015
Mobile Combustion CH4and N2Q Emission Factors for On-Road Diesel and Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Vehicle Type
Vehicle Year
CH4 Factor
(g / mile)
N20 Factor
(g/ mile)
Diesel Passenger Cars
1960-1982
0.0006
0.0012
1983-1995
0.0005
0.0010
1996-present
0.0005
0.0010
Diesel Light-Duty Trucks
1960-1982
0.0011
0.0017
1983-1995
0.0009
0.0014
1996-present
0.0010
0.0015
Diesel Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
1960-present
0.0051
0.0048
CNG Liaht-Dutv Vehicles

0.737
0.050
CNG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

1.966
0.175
CNG Buses

1.966
0.175
LPG Liqht-Duty Vehicles

0.037
0.067
LPG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

0.066
0.175
LNG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

1.966
0.175
Ethanol Liqht-Duty Vehicles

0.055
0.067
Ethanol Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

0.197
0.175
Ethanol Buses

0.197
0.175
Biodiesel Liqht-Duty Vehicles

0.0005
0.001
Biodiesel Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

0.005
0.005
Biodiesel Buses

0.005
0.005
Source: EPA (2015) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. All values are calculated from Tables A-105 through A-107.
| Table 5 | Mobile Combustion CH4 and N2Q Emission Factors for Non-Road Vehicles
Vehicle Type
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor
(g / gallon)
(g 1 gallon)
Residual Fuel Oil Ships and Boats
0.11
0.57
Gasoline Shies and Boats
0.64
0.22
Diesel Ships and Boats
0.06
0.45
Diesel Locomotives
0.80
0.26
Gasoline Aqricultural Equip.
1.26
0.22
Diesel Aqricultural Equip.
1.44
0.26
Gasoline Construction Equip.
0.50
0.22
Diesel Construction Equip.
0.57
0.26
Jet Fuel Aircraft
0.00
0.30
Aviation Gasoline Aircraft
7.06
0.11
Other Gasoline Non-Road Vehicles
0.50
0.22
Other Diesel Non-Road Vehicles
0.57
0.26
LPG Non-Road Vehicles
0.50
0.22
Biodiesel Non-Road Vehicles
0.57
0.26
Source: EPA (2015) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. All values are calculated from Table A-108.
Note: LPG non-road vehicles assumed equal to other gasoline sources. Biodiesel vehicles assumed equal to other diesel sources.
| Table 6 | Electricity Emission Factors

Total Output Emission Factors
Non-Baseload Emission Factors
eGRID Subregion
CO2 Factor
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor
C02 Factor
CH4 Factor
N20 Factor

(lb C02/MWh)
(lb CH4 /MWh)
(lb N20 /MWh)
(lb C02/MWh)
(lb CHj/MWh)
(lb N20/MWh)
AKGD (ASCC Alaska Grid)
1.268.73
0.02634
0.00759
1.377.77
0.02866
0.00338
AKMS (ASCC Miscellaneous)
481.17
0.01865
0.00355
1,404.49
0.05564
0.01070
AZNM (WECC Southwest)
1.152.89
0.01865
0.01511
1.280.59
0.02153
0.01071
CAMX (WECC California)
650.31
0.03112
0.00567
1,333.93
0.03881
0.01379
ERCT (ERCOT All)
1.143.04
0.01670
0.01233
1.331.47
0.09682
0.01715
FRCC (FRCC All)
1,125.35
0.04005
0.01185
1,402.27
0.11801
0.01943
HIMS (HICC Miscellaneous)
1.200.10
0.06808
0.01268
1.739.00
0.03017
0.02626
HIOA (HICC Oahu)
1,576.38
0.09041
0.02155
1,965.21
0.05260
0.03272
MROE (MRO East)
1.522.57
0.02430
0.02555
1.303.42
0.03140
0.00356
M ROW (MRO West)
1,425.15
0.02760
0.02426
1,081.11
0.02250
0.00232
NEWE (NPCC New End and)
637.90
0.07284
0.01071
1.079.73
0.06770
0.01290
NWPP (WECC Northwest)
665.75
0.01260
0.01038
1,228.56
0.03900
0.01304
NYCW (NPCC NYC/Westchester)
696.70
0.02551
0.00293
1.492.01
0.03274
0.01869
NYLI (NPCC Lonq Island)
1,201.20
0.07820
0.00987
1,856.21
0.03391
0.02872
NYUP (NPCC Uostate NY)
408.80
0.01559
0.00383
1.791.71
0.02176
0.02785
RFCE (RFC East)
858.56
0.02644
0.01149
1,917.96
0.02329
0.02884
RFCM (RFC Michiqan)
1.569.23
0.03036
0.02412
1.301.65
0.02743
0.00975
RFCW (RFC West)
1,379.48
0.01711
0.02167
1,696.79
0.02817
0.02483
RMPA (WECC Rockies)
1.822.65
0.02166
0.02813
1.743.96
0.02284
0.02611
SPNO (SPP North)
1,721.65
0.02022
0.02714
1,790.57
0.05310
0.02994
SPSO (SPP South)
1.538.63
0.02375
0.01998
2.112.08
0.02611
0.03063
SRMV (SERC Mississippi Valley)
1,052.92
0.02095
0.01061
1,590.13
0.02760
0.01619
SRMW (SERC Midwest)
1.710.75
0.01958
0.02750
1.018.87
0.03761
0.00604
SRSO (SERC South)
1,149.05
0.02266
0.01549
1,579.07
0.03830
0.02284
SRTV (SERC Tennessee Valley)
1.337.15
0.01739
0.02078
1.669.58
0.02289
0.02066
SRVC (SERC Virqinia/Carolina)
932.87
0.02395
0.01460
1,236.02
0.02156
0.01052
US Average
1,136.53
0.02378
0.01588
1,549.36
0.03099
0.01986
Source: EPA eGRID2012, October 2015
Note: Total output emission factors can be used as default factors for estimating GHG emissions from electricity use when developing a carbon footprint or emissions inventory.
Annual non-baseload output emission factors should not be used for those purposes, but can be used to estimate GHG emissions reductions from reductions in electricity use.
Map of eGRID Subregions
[newe|
NWPP
NYCW
RFCW
SPNO
| SRVC |
|aznm|
SRSO
FRCC,
_z/;akgd<
USEPA. eGRID2012, October 2015
Secondary
Subregion
Page 3 of 5

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Red text indicates an update	Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
from the 2014 version of this document.	Last Modified: 19 November 2015
Table 7 Steam and Heat Emission Factors

CO2 Factor
(kg / mmBtu)
CH4 Factor
(g / mmBtu)
N2O Factor
(g/mmBtu)
Steam and Heat
66.33
1.250
0.125
Assumptions:
Natural gas fuel used to generate steam or heat, at 80 percent thermal efficiency. Emission factors are per mmBtu
of steam or heat purchased.
I Table 8 | Business Travel Emission Factors
Vehicle Type
CO2 Factor
CH4 Factor
N2O Factor
Units
(kg / unit)
(g / unit)
(g / unit)
Passenqer Car
0.355
0.021
0.015
vehicle-mile
Liqht-Duty Truck B
0.485
0.020
0.022
vehicle-mile
Motorcycle
0.191
0.070
0.007
vehicle-miie
Intercity Rail (i.e. Amtrak)c
0.136
0.0083
0.0030
passenqer-mile
Commuter RailD
0.169
0.0085
0.0034
passenqer-mile
Transit Rail (i.e. Subway, Tram)E
0.120
0.0025
0.0017
passenqer-mile
Bus
0.055
0.0006
0.0005
passenqer-mile
Air Travel - Short Haul (< 300 miles) F
0.251
0.0039
0.0083
passenqer-mile
Air Travel - Medium Haul (>= 300 miles,




< 2300 miles) F
0.143
0.0000
0.0047
passenqer-mile
Air Travel - Long Haul (>= 2300 miles) F
0.167
0.0006
0.0056
passenger-mile
Source:
C02, CH4, and N20 emissions data for on-road vehicles are from Table 2-13 of the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. Vehicle-miles and passenger-miles data for on-road vehicles are from Table VM-1 of
the Federal Highway Administration Highway Statistics 2013.
Fuel consumption data and passenger-miles data for rail are from Tables A.14 to A.16 and 9.10 to 9.12 of the Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 33. Fuel consumption was converted to emissions by using fuel and electricity emission
factors presented in the tables above.
Air Travel factors from 2015 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting. Version 1.0 July 2015.
Notes:
APassenger car: includes passenger cars, minivans, SUVs, and small pickup trucks (vehicles with wheelbase less than 121 inches).
0 Light-duty truck: includes full-size pickup trucks, full-size vans, and extended-length SUVs (vehicles with wheelbase greater than 121 inches).
c Intercity rail: long-distance rail between major cities, such as Amtrak
D Commuter rail: rail service between a central city and adjacent suburbs (also called regional rail or suburban rail)
E Transit rail: rail typically within an urban center, such as subways, elevated railways, metropolitan railways (metro), streetcars, trolley cars, and tramways.
F These factors represent a methdology change from previous factors, based on improved data.
Product Transport Emission Factors	~|
Vehicle Type
C02 Factor
(kg / unit)
CH4 Factor
(g / unit)
N20 Factor
(g / unit)
Units
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck
1.430
0.015
0.013
vehicle-miie
Passenqer CarA
0.355
0.021
0.015
vehicle-miie
Light-Duty Truck B
0.485
0.020
0.022
vehicle-mile
Medium- and Heaw-Dutv Truck c
0.146
0.0015
0.0014
ton-mile
Rail
0.024
0.0019
0.0006
ton-mile
Waterborne Craft
0.059
0.0005
0.0040
ton-mile
Aircraft
1.307
0.0000
0.0402
ton-mile
Source:
C02, CH4, and N20 emissions data for on-road vehicles are from Table 2-13 of the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. Vehicle-miles and passenger-miles data for on-road vehicles are from Table VM-1 of the Federal
Highway Administration Highway Statistics 2013.
C02e emissions data for non-road vehicles are based on Table A-117 of the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013, which are distributed into C02, CH4, and N20 emissions based on fuel/vehicle emission factors. Freight
ton-mile data for non-road vehicles are from Table 1-50 of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics for 2014 (Data based on 2011).
Vehicle-mile factors are appropriate to use when the entire vehicle is dedicated to transporting the reporting companys product. Ton-mile factors are appropriate when the vehicle is shared with products from other companies.
A Passenger car: includes passenger cars, minivans, SUVs, and small pickup trucks (vehicles with wheelbase less than 121 inches).
6 Light-duty truck: includes full-size pickup trucks, full-size vans, and extended-length SUVs (vehicles with wheelbase greater than 121 inches).
c These factors represent a methdology change from previous factors, based on improved data.
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Red text indicates an update	Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
from the 2014 version of this document.	Last Modified: 19 November 2015
| Table 10a | Global Warming Potentials (GWPs)
Gas
100-Year GWP
o
O
1
ch4
25
n2o
298
HFC-23
14.800
HFC-32
675
HFC-41
92
HFC-125
3,500
HFC-134
1.100
HFC-134a
1,430
HFC-143
353
HFC-143a
4,470
HFC-152
53
HFC-152a
124
HFC-161
12
HFC-227ea
3,220
HFC-236cb
1,340
HFC-236ea
1,370
HFC-236fa
9,810
HFC-245ca
693
HFC-245fa
1,030
HFC-365mfc
794
HFC-43-10mee
1,640
sf6
22,800
nf3
17,200
cf4
7,390
c2f6
12,200
C3F8
8,830
c-C4F8
10,300
C4Fl0
8,860
C5F12
9,160
C6F,4
9,300
CioF18
>7,500
Source:
100-year GWPs from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. IPCC AR4 was published in 2007 and is among the most current and comprehensive peer-reviewed assessments of climate change. AR4 provides revised GWPs of
several GHGs relative to the values provided in previous assessment reports, following advances in scientific knowledge on the radiative efficiencies and atmospheric lifetimes of these GHGs and of C02. Because the GWPs provided in AR4
reflect an improved scientific understanding of the radiative effects of these gases in the atmosphere, the values provided are more appropriate for supporting the overall goal of organizational GHG reporting than the Second Assessment
Report (SAR) GWP values previously used in the Emission Factors Hub.
While EPA recognizes that Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) GWPs have been published, in an effort to ensure consistency and comparability of GHG data between EPA's voluntary and non-voluntary GHG reporting programs (e.g. GHG
Reporting Program and National Inventory), EPA recommends the use of AR4 GWPs. The United States and other developed countries to the UNFCCC have agreed to submit annual inventories in 2015 and future years to the UNFCCC
using GWP values from AR4, which will replace the current use of SAR GWP values. Utilizing AR4 GWPs improves EPA's ability to analyze corporate, national, and sub-national GHG data consistently, enhances communication of GHG
information between programs, and gives outside stakeholders a consistent, predictable set of GWPs to avoid confusion and additional burden.
| Table 10b | GWPs for Blended Refrigerants"
ASHRAE#
100-year GWP
Blend Composition
R-401A
16
53% HCFC-22 . 34% HCFC-124 . 13% HFC-152a
R-401 B
14
61% HCFC-22 , 28% HCFC-124 ,11% HFC-152a
R-401 C
19
33% HCFC-22 . 52% HCFC-124 . 15% HFC-152a
R-402A
2,100
38% HCFC-22 , 6% HFC-125 , 2% propane
R-402B
1.330
6% HCFC-22 . 38% HFC-125 . 2% propane
R-403B
3,444
56% HCFC-22 , 39% PF0218 , 5% propane
R-404A
3.922
44% HFC-125 . 4% HFC-134a . 52% HFC 143a
R-406A
0
55% HCFC-22 , 41% HCFC-142b , 4% isobutane
R-407A
2.107
20% HFC-32 . 40% HFC-125 . 40% HFC-134a
R-407B
2,804
10% HFC-32 , 70% HFC-125 , 20% HFC-134a
R-407C
1.774
23% HFC-32 . 25% HFC-125 . 52% HFC-134a
R-407D
1,627
15% HFC-32 , 15% HFC-125 , 70% HFC-134a
R-407E
1.552
25% HFC-32 . 15% HFC-125 . 60% HFC-134a
R-408A
2,301
47% HCFC-22 , 7% HFC-125 , 46% HFC 143a
R-409A
0
60% HCFC-22 . 25% HCFC-124 . 15% HCFC-142b
R-410A
2,088
50% HFC-32 , 50% HFC-125
R-410B
2.229
45% HFC-32 . 55% HFC-125
R-411A
14
87.5% HCFC-22 , 11 HF0152a , 1.5% propylene
R-411B
4
94% HCFC-22 . 3% HFC-152a . 3% propylene
R-413A
2,053
88% HFC-134a , 9% PFC-218 , 3% isobutane
R-414A
0
51% HCFC-22 . 28.5% HCFC-124 . 16.5% HCFC-142b
R-414B
0
5% HCFC-22 , 39% HCFC-124 , 9.5% HCFC-142b
R-417A
2.346
46.6% HFC-125 . 5% HFC-134a . 3.4% butane
R-422A
3,143
85.1% HFC-125 , 11.5% HFC-134a , 3.4% isobutane
R-422D
2.729
65.1% HFC-125 . 31.5% HFC-134a . 3.4% isobutane
R-423A
2,280
47.5% HFC-227ea , 52.5% HFC-134a ,
R-424A
2.440
50.5% HFC-125. 47% HFC-134a, 2.5% butane/pentane
R-426A
1,508
5.1% HFC-125, 93% HFC-134a, 1.9% butane/pentane
R-428A
3.607
77.5% HFC-125 . 2% HFC-143a . 1.9% isobutane
R-434A
3,245
63.2% HFC-125, 16% HFC-134a, 18% HFC-143a, 2.8% isobutane
R-500
32
73.8% CFC-12 . 26.2% HFC-152a . 48.8% HCFC-22
R-502
0
48.8% HCFC-22 , 51.2% CFC-115
R-504
325
48.2% HFC-32 , 51.8% CFC-115
R-507
3,985
5% HFC-125 , 5% HFC143a
R-508A
13,214
39% HFC-23 , 61% PFC-116
R-508B
13,396
46% HFC-23 , 54% PFC-116
Source:
100-year GWPs from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. See the source note to Table 9 for further explanation. GWPs of blended refrigerants are based on their HFC and PFC constituents, which are based
on data from http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/refrigerants/refblend.html.
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