} Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories Last Modified: 19 November 2015 Red text indicates an update from the 2014 version of this document. Typically, greenhouse gas emissions are reported in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (C02e). Gases are converted to C02e by multiplying by their global warming potential (GWP). The emission factors listed in this document have not been converted to C02e. To do so, multiply the emissions by the corresponding GWP listed in the table below. Gas 100-Year GWP ch4 25 n2o 298 Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. See the source note to Table 9 for further explanation. | Table 1 | Stationary Combustion Emission Factors Fuel Type Heating Value C02 Factor CH4 Factor N20 Factor C02 Factor CH4 Factor N20 Factor Unit mmBtu per short ton kg CO2 per mmBtu g CH, per mmBtu g N2O per mmBtu kg CO2 per short ton g CH, per short ton g N2O per short ton Coal and Coke Anthracite Coal 25.09 103.69 11 1.6 2,602 276 40 short tons Bituminous Coal 24.93 93.28 11 1.6 2.325 274 40 short tons Sub-bituminous Coal 17.25 97.17 11 1.6 1,676 190 28 short tons Lianite Coal 14.21 97.72 11 1.6 1.389 156 23 short tons Mixed (Commercial Sector) 21.39 94.27 11 1.6 2,016 235 34 short tons Mixed (Electric Power Sector) 19.73 95.52 11 1.6 1.885 217 32 short tons Mixed (Industrial Cokinq) 26.28 93.90 11 1.6 2,468 289 42 short tons Mixed (Industrial Sector) 22.35 94.67 11 1.6 2.116 246 36 short tons Coal Coke 24.80 113.67 11 1.6 2,819 273 40 short tons Fossil Fuel-derived Fuels (Solid) Municipal Solid Waste 9.95 90.70 32 4.2 902 318 42 short tons Petroleum Coke (Solid) 30.00 102.41 32 4.2 3.072 960 126 short tons Plastics 38.00 75.00 32 4.2 2,850 1,216 160 short tons Tires 28.00 85.97 32 4.2 2.407 896 118 short tons Biomass Fuels (Solid) Aqricultural Byproducts 8.25 118.17 32 4.2 975 264 35 short tons Peat 8.00 111.84 32 4.2 895 256 34 short tons Solid Byproducts 10.39 105.51 32 4.2 1.096 332 44 short tons Wood and Wood Residuals 17.48 93.80 7.2 3.6 1,640 126 63 short tons mmBtu per scf kg CO2 per mmBtu g CH, per mmBtu g N2O per mmBtu kg CO2 per scf g CH, per scf g N2O per scf Natural Gas Natural Gas 0.001026 I 53.06 I 1.0 I 0.10 | 0.05444 I 0.00103 I 0.00010 I scf Fossil-derived Fuels (Gaseous) Blast Furnace Gas 0.000092 274.32 0.022 0.10 0.02524 0.000002 0.000009 scf Coke Oven Gas 0.000599 46.85 0.48 0.10 0.02806 0.000288 0.000060 scf Fuel Gas 0.001388 59.00 3.0 0.60 0.08189 0.004164 0.000833 scf Propane Gas 0.002516 61.46 0.022 0.10 0.15463 0.000055 0.000252 scf Biomass Fuels (Gaseous) Landfill Gas 0.000485 52.07 3.2 0.63 0.025254 0.001552 0.000306 scf Other Biomass Gases 0.000655 52.07 3.2 0.63 0.034106 0.002096 0.000413 scf mmBtu per gallon kg C02 per mmBtu g CH, per mmBtu g N2O per mmBtu kg CO2 per gallon g CH, per gallon g N20 per gallon Petroleum Products Asphalt and Road Oil 0.158 75.36 3.0 0.60 11.91 0.47 0.09 aallon Aviation Gasoline 0.120 69.25 3.0 0.60 8.31 0.36 0.07 qallon Butane 0.103 64.77 3.0 0.60 6.67 0.31 0.06 qallon Butylene 0.105 68.72 3.0 0.60 7.22 0.32 0.06 aallon Crude Oil 0.138 74.54 3.0 0.60 10.29 0.41 0.08 qallon Distillate Fuel Oil No. 1 0.139 73.25 3.0 0.60 10.18 0.42 0.08 aallon Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2 0.138 73.96 3.0 0.60 10.21 0.41 0.08 qallon Distillate Fuel Oil No. 4 0.146 75.04 3.0 0.60 10.96 0.44 0.09 aallon Ethane 0.068 59.60 3.0 0.60 4.05 0.20 0.04 aallon Ethylene 0.058 65.96 3.0 0.60 3.83 0.17 0.03 aallon Heavy Gas Oils 0.148 74.92 3.0 0.60 11.09 0.44 0.09 aallon Isobutane 0.099 64.94 3.0 0.60 6.43 0.30 0.06 aallon Isobutylene 0.103 68.86 3.0 0.60 7.09 0.31 0.06 aallon Kerosene 0.135 75.20 3.0 0.60 10.15 0.41 0.08 aallon Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel 0.135 72.22 3.0 0.60 9.75 0.41 0.08 aallon Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) 0.092 61.71 3.0 0.60 5.68 0.28 0.06 aallon Lubricants 0.144 74.27 3.0 0.60 10.69 0.43 0.09 aallon Motor Gasoline 0.125 70.22 3.0 0.60 8.78 0.38 0.08 aallon Naphtha (<401 deq F) 0.125 68.02 3.0 0.60 8.50 0.38 0.08 aallon Natural Gasoline 0.110 66.88 3.0 0.60 7.36 0.33 0.07 aallon Other Oil (>401 deq F) 0.139 76.22 3.0 0.60 10.59 0.42 0.08 aallon Pentanes Plus 0.110 70.02 3.0 0.60 7.70 0.33 0.07 aallon Petrochemical Feedstocks 0.125 71.02 3.0 0.60 8.88 0.38 0.08 aallon Petroleum Coke 0.143 102.41 3.0 0.60 14.64 0.43 0.09 aallon Propane 0.091 62.87 3.0 0.60 5.72 0.27 0.05 aallon Propylene 0.091 65.95 3.0 0.60 6.00 0.27 0.05 aallon Residual Fuel Oil No. 5 0.140 72.93 3.0 0.60 10.21 0.42 0.08 aallon Residual Fuel Oil No. 6 0.150 75.10 3.0 0.60 11.27 0.45 0.09 aallon Special Naphtha 0.125 72.34 3.0 0.60 9.04 0.38 0.08 aallon Still Gas 0.143 66.72 3.0 0.60 9.54 0.43 0.09 aallon Unfinished Oils 0.139 74.54 3.0 0.60 10.36 0.42 0.08 aallon Used Oil 0.138 74.00 3.0 0.60 10.21 0.41 0.08 aallon Biomass Fuels (Liquid) Biodiesel (100%) 0.128 73.84 1.1 0.11 9.45 0.14 0.01 aallon Ethanol (100%) 0.084 68.44 1.1 0.11 5.75 0.09 0.01 aallon Rendered Animal Fat 0.125 71.06 1.1 0.11 8.88 0.14 0.01 aallon Veqetable Oil 0.120 81.55 1.1 0.11 9.79 0.13 0.01 aallon Biomass Fuels (Kraft Pulping Liquor, by Wood Furnish) North American Softwood 94.4 1.9 0.42 North American Hardwood 93.7 1.9 0.42 Baqasse 95.5 1.9 0.42 Bamboo 93.7 1.9 0.42 Straw 95.1 1.9 0.42 Source: Solid, gaseous, liquid, and biomass fuels: Federal Register (2009) EPA; 40 CFR Parts 86, 87, 89 et al; Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 300ct09, 261 pp. Tables C-1 and C-2 at FRpp. 56409- 56410. Revised emission factors for selected fuels: Federal Register (2010) EPA; 40 CFR Part 98; Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 17Dec10, 81 pp. With Amendments from Memo: Table of Final 2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule (PDF) to 40 CFR part 98, subparts C and AA: Table C-1 to Subpart C—Default C02 Emission Factors and High Heat Values for Various Types of Fuel, Table C-2 to Subpart C—Default CH4 and N20 Emission Factors for Various Types of Fuel, and Table AA-1 to Subpart AA of Part 98—Kraft Pulping Liquor Emissions Factors for Biomass-Based C02, CH4, and N20. http://www.epa.qov/qhqreportinq/documents/pdf/2013/documents/memo-2013-technical-revisions.pdf http://www.epa.qov/qhqreportinq/reporters/subpart/c.html CLIMATE LEADERSHIP ------- Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2014 version of this document. Last Modified: 19 November 2015 Mobile Combustion C02 Emission Factors Fuel Type kg C02 per unit Unit Aviation Gasoline 8.31 aallon Biodiesel (100%) 9.45 qaiion Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 0.05444 scf Diesel Fuel 10.21 qaiion Ethanol (100%) 5.75 aallon Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel 9.75 qaiion Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 4.46 aallon Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) 5.68 qaiion Motor Gasoline 8.78 aallon Residual Fuel Oil 11.27 gallon Federal Register (2009) EPA; 40 CFR Parts 86, 87, 89 et al; Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 300ct09, 261 pp. Tables C-1 and C-2. Table of Final 2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule, September 24, 2013. LNG sourced from: GREET™ Software, GREET1_2013 Model, Argonne National Laboratory. The GREET model provides carbon content and fuel density, which are used to develop the C02 emission factor. Mobile Combustion CH4 and N20 Emission Factors for On-Road Gasoline Vehicles Vehicle Type Year CH4 Factor (q/ mile) N20 Factor (q/ mile) Gasoline Passenger Cars 1973-74 0.1696 0.0197 1975 0.1423 0.0443 1976-77 0.1406 0.0458 1978-79 0.1389 0.0473 1980 0.1326 0.0499 1981 0.0802 0.0626 1982 0.0795 0.0627 1983 0.0782 0.0630 1984-93 0.0704 0.0647 1994 0.0531 0.0560 1995 0.0358 0.0473 1996 0.0272 0.0426 1997 0.0268 0.0422 1998 0.0249 0.0393 1999 0.0216 0.0337 2000 0.0178 0.0273 2001 0.0110 0.0158 2002 0.0107 0.0153 2003 0.0114 0.0135 2004 0.0145 0.0083 2005 0.0147 0.0079 2006 0.0161 0.0057 2007 0.0170 0.0041 2008 0.0172 0.0038 2009-present 0.0173 0.0036 Gasoline Light-Duty Trucks 1973-74 0.1908 0.0218 (Vans, Pickup Trucks, SUVs) 1975 0.1634 0.0513 1976 0.1594 0.0555 1977-78 0.1614 0.0534 1979-80 0.1594 0.0555 1981 0.1479 0.0660 1982 0.1442 0.0681 1983 0.1368 0.0722 1984 0.1294 0.0764 1985 0.1220 0.0806 1986 0.1146 0.0848 1987-93 0.0813 0.1035 1994 0.0646 0.0982 1995 0.0517 0.0908 1996 0.0452 0.0871 1997 0.0452 0.0871 1998 0.0391 0.0728 1999 0.0321 0.0564 2000 0.0346 0.0621 2001 0.0151 0.0164 2002 0.0178 0.0228 2003 0.0155 0.0114 2004 0.0152 0.0132 2005 0.0157 0.0101 2006 0.0159 0.0089 2007 0.0161 0.0079 2008-present 0.0163 0.0066 Gasoline Heavy-Duty Vehicles <1981 0.4604 0.0497 1982-84 0.4492 0.0538 1985-86 0.4090 0.0515 1987 0.3675 0.0849 1988-1989 0.3492 0.0933 1990-1995 0.3246 0.1142 1996 0.1278 0.1680 1997 0.0924 0.1726 1998 0.0641 0.1693 1999 0.0578 0.1435 2000 0.0493 0.1092 2001 0.0528 0.1235 2002 0.0546 0.1307 2003 0.0533 0.1240 2004 0.0341 0.0285 2005 0.0326 0.0177 2006 0.0327 0.0171 2007 0.0330 0.0153 2008-present 0.0333 0.0134 Gasoline Motorcycles 1960-1995 0.0899 0.0087 1996-present 0.0672 0.0069 Source: EPA (2015) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. All values are calculated from Tables A-102 through A-106. Page 2 of 5 ------- Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2014 version of this document. Last Modified: 19 November 2015 Mobile Combustion CH4and N2Q Emission Factors for On-Road Diesel and Alternative Fuel Vehicles Vehicle Type Vehicle Year CH4 Factor (g / mile) N20 Factor (g/ mile) Diesel Passenger Cars 1960-1982 0.0006 0.0012 1983-1995 0.0005 0.0010 1996-present 0.0005 0.0010 Diesel Light-Duty Trucks 1960-1982 0.0011 0.0017 1983-1995 0.0009 0.0014 1996-present 0.0010 0.0015 Diesel Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 1960-present 0.0051 0.0048 CNG Liaht-Dutv Vehicles 0.737 0.050 CNG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 1.966 0.175 CNG Buses 1.966 0.175 LPG Liqht-Duty Vehicles 0.037 0.067 LPG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 0.066 0.175 LNG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 1.966 0.175 Ethanol Liqht-Duty Vehicles 0.055 0.067 Ethanol Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 0.197 0.175 Ethanol Buses 0.197 0.175 Biodiesel Liqht-Duty Vehicles 0.0005 0.001 Biodiesel Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 0.005 0.005 Biodiesel Buses 0.005 0.005 Source: EPA (2015) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. All values are calculated from Tables A-105 through A-107. | Table 5 | Mobile Combustion CH4 and N2Q Emission Factors for Non-Road Vehicles Vehicle Type CH4 Factor N20 Factor (g / gallon) (g 1 gallon) Residual Fuel Oil Ships and Boats 0.11 0.57 Gasoline Shies and Boats 0.64 0.22 Diesel Ships and Boats 0.06 0.45 Diesel Locomotives 0.80 0.26 Gasoline Aqricultural Equip. 1.26 0.22 Diesel Aqricultural Equip. 1.44 0.26 Gasoline Construction Equip. 0.50 0.22 Diesel Construction Equip. 0.57 0.26 Jet Fuel Aircraft 0.00 0.30 Aviation Gasoline Aircraft 7.06 0.11 Other Gasoline Non-Road Vehicles 0.50 0.22 Other Diesel Non-Road Vehicles 0.57 0.26 LPG Non-Road Vehicles 0.50 0.22 Biodiesel Non-Road Vehicles 0.57 0.26 Source: EPA (2015) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. All values are calculated from Table A-108. Note: LPG non-road vehicles assumed equal to other gasoline sources. Biodiesel vehicles assumed equal to other diesel sources. | Table 6 | Electricity Emission Factors Total Output Emission Factors Non-Baseload Emission Factors eGRID Subregion CO2 Factor CH4 Factor N20 Factor C02 Factor CH4 Factor N20 Factor (lb C02/MWh) (lb CH4 /MWh) (lb N20 /MWh) (lb C02/MWh) (lb CHj/MWh) (lb N20/MWh) AKGD (ASCC Alaska Grid) 1.268.73 0.02634 0.00759 1.377.77 0.02866 0.00338 AKMS (ASCC Miscellaneous) 481.17 0.01865 0.00355 1,404.49 0.05564 0.01070 AZNM (WECC Southwest) 1.152.89 0.01865 0.01511 1.280.59 0.02153 0.01071 CAMX (WECC California) 650.31 0.03112 0.00567 1,333.93 0.03881 0.01379 ERCT (ERCOT All) 1.143.04 0.01670 0.01233 1.331.47 0.09682 0.01715 FRCC (FRCC All) 1,125.35 0.04005 0.01185 1,402.27 0.11801 0.01943 HIMS (HICC Miscellaneous) 1.200.10 0.06808 0.01268 1.739.00 0.03017 0.02626 HIOA (HICC Oahu) 1,576.38 0.09041 0.02155 1,965.21 0.05260 0.03272 MROE (MRO East) 1.522.57 0.02430 0.02555 1.303.42 0.03140 0.00356 M ROW (MRO West) 1,425.15 0.02760 0.02426 1,081.11 0.02250 0.00232 NEWE (NPCC New End and) 637.90 0.07284 0.01071 1.079.73 0.06770 0.01290 NWPP (WECC Northwest) 665.75 0.01260 0.01038 1,228.56 0.03900 0.01304 NYCW (NPCC NYC/Westchester) 696.70 0.02551 0.00293 1.492.01 0.03274 0.01869 NYLI (NPCC Lonq Island) 1,201.20 0.07820 0.00987 1,856.21 0.03391 0.02872 NYUP (NPCC Uostate NY) 408.80 0.01559 0.00383 1.791.71 0.02176 0.02785 RFCE (RFC East) 858.56 0.02644 0.01149 1,917.96 0.02329 0.02884 RFCM (RFC Michiqan) 1.569.23 0.03036 0.02412 1.301.65 0.02743 0.00975 RFCW (RFC West) 1,379.48 0.01711 0.02167 1,696.79 0.02817 0.02483 RMPA (WECC Rockies) 1.822.65 0.02166 0.02813 1.743.96 0.02284 0.02611 SPNO (SPP North) 1,721.65 0.02022 0.02714 1,790.57 0.05310 0.02994 SPSO (SPP South) 1.538.63 0.02375 0.01998 2.112.08 0.02611 0.03063 SRMV (SERC Mississippi Valley) 1,052.92 0.02095 0.01061 1,590.13 0.02760 0.01619 SRMW (SERC Midwest) 1.710.75 0.01958 0.02750 1.018.87 0.03761 0.00604 SRSO (SERC South) 1,149.05 0.02266 0.01549 1,579.07 0.03830 0.02284 SRTV (SERC Tennessee Valley) 1.337.15 0.01739 0.02078 1.669.58 0.02289 0.02066 SRVC (SERC Virqinia/Carolina) 932.87 0.02395 0.01460 1,236.02 0.02156 0.01052 US Average 1,136.53 0.02378 0.01588 1,549.36 0.03099 0.01986 Source: EPA eGRID2012, October 2015 Note: Total output emission factors can be used as default factors for estimating GHG emissions from electricity use when developing a carbon footprint or emissions inventory. Annual non-baseload output emission factors should not be used for those purposes, but can be used to estimate GHG emissions reductions from reductions in electricity use. Map of eGRID Subregions [newe| NWPP NYCW RFCW SPNO | SRVC | |aznm| SRSO FRCC, _z/;akgd< USEPA. eGRID2012, October 2015 Secondary Subregion Page 3 of 5 ------- Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2014 version of this document. Last Modified: 19 November 2015 Table 7 Steam and Heat Emission Factors CO2 Factor (kg / mmBtu) CH4 Factor (g / mmBtu) N2O Factor (g/mmBtu) Steam and Heat 66.33 1.250 0.125 Assumptions: Natural gas fuel used to generate steam or heat, at 80 percent thermal efficiency. Emission factors are per mmBtu of steam or heat purchased. I Table 8 | Business Travel Emission Factors Vehicle Type CO2 Factor CH4 Factor N2O Factor Units (kg / unit) (g / unit) (g / unit) Passenqer Car 0.355 0.021 0.015 vehicle-mile Liqht-Duty Truck B 0.485 0.020 0.022 vehicle-mile Motorcycle 0.191 0.070 0.007 vehicle-miie Intercity Rail (i.e. Amtrak)c 0.136 0.0083 0.0030 passenqer-mile Commuter RailD 0.169 0.0085 0.0034 passenqer-mile Transit Rail (i.e. Subway, Tram)E 0.120 0.0025 0.0017 passenqer-mile Bus 0.055 0.0006 0.0005 passenqer-mile Air Travel - Short Haul (< 300 miles) F 0.251 0.0039 0.0083 passenqer-mile Air Travel - Medium Haul (>= 300 miles, < 2300 miles) F 0.143 0.0000 0.0047 passenqer-mile Air Travel - Long Haul (>= 2300 miles) F 0.167 0.0006 0.0056 passenger-mile Source: C02, CH4, and N20 emissions data for on-road vehicles are from Table 2-13 of the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. Vehicle-miles and passenger-miles data for on-road vehicles are from Table VM-1 of the Federal Highway Administration Highway Statistics 2013. Fuel consumption data and passenger-miles data for rail are from Tables A.14 to A.16 and 9.10 to 9.12 of the Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 33. Fuel consumption was converted to emissions by using fuel and electricity emission factors presented in the tables above. Air Travel factors from 2015 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting. Version 1.0 July 2015. Notes: APassenger car: includes passenger cars, minivans, SUVs, and small pickup trucks (vehicles with wheelbase less than 121 inches). 0 Light-duty truck: includes full-size pickup trucks, full-size vans, and extended-length SUVs (vehicles with wheelbase greater than 121 inches). c Intercity rail: long-distance rail between major cities, such as Amtrak D Commuter rail: rail service between a central city and adjacent suburbs (also called regional rail or suburban rail) E Transit rail: rail typically within an urban center, such as subways, elevated railways, metropolitan railways (metro), streetcars, trolley cars, and tramways. F These factors represent a methdology change from previous factors, based on improved data. Product Transport Emission Factors ~| Vehicle Type C02 Factor (kg / unit) CH4 Factor (g / unit) N20 Factor (g / unit) Units Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck 1.430 0.015 0.013 vehicle-miie Passenqer CarA 0.355 0.021 0.015 vehicle-miie Light-Duty Truck B 0.485 0.020 0.022 vehicle-mile Medium- and Heaw-Dutv Truck c 0.146 0.0015 0.0014 ton-mile Rail 0.024 0.0019 0.0006 ton-mile Waterborne Craft 0.059 0.0005 0.0040 ton-mile Aircraft 1.307 0.0000 0.0402 ton-mile Source: C02, CH4, and N20 emissions data for on-road vehicles are from Table 2-13 of the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. Vehicle-miles and passenger-miles data for on-road vehicles are from Table VM-1 of the Federal Highway Administration Highway Statistics 2013. C02e emissions data for non-road vehicles are based on Table A-117 of the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013, which are distributed into C02, CH4, and N20 emissions based on fuel/vehicle emission factors. Freight ton-mile data for non-road vehicles are from Table 1-50 of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics for 2014 (Data based on 2011). Vehicle-mile factors are appropriate to use when the entire vehicle is dedicated to transporting the reporting companys product. Ton-mile factors are appropriate when the vehicle is shared with products from other companies. A Passenger car: includes passenger cars, minivans, SUVs, and small pickup trucks (vehicles with wheelbase less than 121 inches). 6 Light-duty truck: includes full-size pickup trucks, full-size vans, and extended-length SUVs (vehicles with wheelbase greater than 121 inches). c These factors represent a methdology change from previous factors, based on improved data. Page 4 of 5 ------- Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2014 version of this document. Last Modified: 19 November 2015 | Table 10a | Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) Gas 100-Year GWP o O 1 ch4 25 n2o 298 HFC-23 14.800 HFC-32 675 HFC-41 92 HFC-125 3,500 HFC-134 1.100 HFC-134a 1,430 HFC-143 353 HFC-143a 4,470 HFC-152 53 HFC-152a 124 HFC-161 12 HFC-227ea 3,220 HFC-236cb 1,340 HFC-236ea 1,370 HFC-236fa 9,810 HFC-245ca 693 HFC-245fa 1,030 HFC-365mfc 794 HFC-43-10mee 1,640 sf6 22,800 nf3 17,200 cf4 7,390 c2f6 12,200 C3F8 8,830 c-C4F8 10,300 C4Fl0 8,860 C5F12 9,160 C6F,4 9,300 CioF18 >7,500 Source: 100-year GWPs from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. IPCC AR4 was published in 2007 and is among the most current and comprehensive peer-reviewed assessments of climate change. AR4 provides revised GWPs of several GHGs relative to the values provided in previous assessment reports, following advances in scientific knowledge on the radiative efficiencies and atmospheric lifetimes of these GHGs and of C02. Because the GWPs provided in AR4 reflect an improved scientific understanding of the radiative effects of these gases in the atmosphere, the values provided are more appropriate for supporting the overall goal of organizational GHG reporting than the Second Assessment Report (SAR) GWP values previously used in the Emission Factors Hub. While EPA recognizes that Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) GWPs have been published, in an effort to ensure consistency and comparability of GHG data between EPA's voluntary and non-voluntary GHG reporting programs (e.g. GHG Reporting Program and National Inventory), EPA recommends the use of AR4 GWPs. The United States and other developed countries to the UNFCCC have agreed to submit annual inventories in 2015 and future years to the UNFCCC using GWP values from AR4, which will replace the current use of SAR GWP values. Utilizing AR4 GWPs improves EPA's ability to analyze corporate, national, and sub-national GHG data consistently, enhances communication of GHG information between programs, and gives outside stakeholders a consistent, predictable set of GWPs to avoid confusion and additional burden. | Table 10b | GWPs for Blended Refrigerants" ASHRAE# 100-year GWP Blend Composition R-401A 16 53% HCFC-22 . 34% HCFC-124 . 13% HFC-152a R-401 B 14 61% HCFC-22 , 28% HCFC-124 ,11% HFC-152a R-401 C 19 33% HCFC-22 . 52% HCFC-124 . 15% HFC-152a R-402A 2,100 38% HCFC-22 , 6% HFC-125 , 2% propane R-402B 1.330 6% HCFC-22 . 38% HFC-125 . 2% propane R-403B 3,444 56% HCFC-22 , 39% PF0218 , 5% propane R-404A 3.922 44% HFC-125 . 4% HFC-134a . 52% HFC 143a R-406A 0 55% HCFC-22 , 41% HCFC-142b , 4% isobutane R-407A 2.107 20% HFC-32 . 40% HFC-125 . 40% HFC-134a R-407B 2,804 10% HFC-32 , 70% HFC-125 , 20% HFC-134a R-407C 1.774 23% HFC-32 . 25% HFC-125 . 52% HFC-134a R-407D 1,627 15% HFC-32 , 15% HFC-125 , 70% HFC-134a R-407E 1.552 25% HFC-32 . 15% HFC-125 . 60% HFC-134a R-408A 2,301 47% HCFC-22 , 7% HFC-125 , 46% HFC 143a R-409A 0 60% HCFC-22 . 25% HCFC-124 . 15% HCFC-142b R-410A 2,088 50% HFC-32 , 50% HFC-125 R-410B 2.229 45% HFC-32 . 55% HFC-125 R-411A 14 87.5% HCFC-22 , 11 HF0152a , 1.5% propylene R-411B 4 94% HCFC-22 . 3% HFC-152a . 3% propylene R-413A 2,053 88% HFC-134a , 9% PFC-218 , 3% isobutane R-414A 0 51% HCFC-22 . 28.5% HCFC-124 . 16.5% HCFC-142b R-414B 0 5% HCFC-22 , 39% HCFC-124 , 9.5% HCFC-142b R-417A 2.346 46.6% HFC-125 . 5% HFC-134a . 3.4% butane R-422A 3,143 85.1% HFC-125 , 11.5% HFC-134a , 3.4% isobutane R-422D 2.729 65.1% HFC-125 . 31.5% HFC-134a . 3.4% isobutane R-423A 2,280 47.5% HFC-227ea , 52.5% HFC-134a , R-424A 2.440 50.5% HFC-125. 47% HFC-134a, 2.5% butane/pentane R-426A 1,508 5.1% HFC-125, 93% HFC-134a, 1.9% butane/pentane R-428A 3.607 77.5% HFC-125 . 2% HFC-143a . 1.9% isobutane R-434A 3,245 63.2% HFC-125, 16% HFC-134a, 18% HFC-143a, 2.8% isobutane R-500 32 73.8% CFC-12 . 26.2% HFC-152a . 48.8% HCFC-22 R-502 0 48.8% HCFC-22 , 51.2% CFC-115 R-504 325 48.2% HFC-32 , 51.8% CFC-115 R-507 3,985 5% HFC-125 , 5% HFC143a R-508A 13,214 39% HFC-23 , 61% PFC-116 R-508B 13,396 46% HFC-23 , 54% PFC-116 Source: 100-year GWPs from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. See the source note to Table 9 for further explanation. GWPs of blended refrigerants are based on their HFC and PFC constituents, which are based on data from http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/refrigerants/refblend.html. Page 5 of 5 ------- |