United States
kS^laMIjk Environmental Protection
^J^iniiil m11 Agency
EPA/690/R-11/015F
Final
3-24-2011
Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for
3 -Bromoacetophenone
(CASRN 2142-63-4)
Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center
National Center for Environmental Assessment
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268

-------
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
CHEMICAL MANAGER:
Alan Weinrich
National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH
DRAFT DOCUMENT PREPARED BY:
National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH
This document was externally peer-reviewed under contract to:
Eastern Research Group, Inc.
110 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, MA 02421-3136
Questions regarding the contents of this document may be directed to the U.S. EPA Office of
Research and Development's National Center for Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health
Risk Technical Support Center (513-569-7300).

-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS	ii
BACKGROUND	1
HISTORY	1
DISCLAIMERS	1
QUESTIONS REGARDING PPRTVS	2
INTRODUCTION	2
REVIEW OF POTENTIALLY RELEVANT DATA (CANCER AND NONCANCER)	3
DERIVATION 01 PROVISIONAL VALUES	4
CANCER WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE (WOE) DESCRIPTOR	4
MODE-OF-ACTION DISCI SSION	4
REFERENCES	4
l

-------
COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS
BMC
benchmark concentration
BMD
benchmark dose
BMCL
benchmark concentration lower bound 95% confidence interval
BMDL
benchmark dose lower bound 95% confidence interval
HEC
human equivalent concentration
HED
human equivalent dose
IUR
inhalation unit risk
LOAEL
lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
LOAELadj
LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration
LOAELhec
LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human
NOAEL
no-ob served-adverse-effect level
NOAELadj
NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration
NOAELrec
NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human
NOEL
no-ob served-effect level
OSF
oral slope factor
p-IUR
provisional inhalation unit risk
p-OSF
provisional oral slope factor
p-RfC
provisional reference concentration (inhalation)
p-RfD
provisional reference dose (oral)
POD
point of departure
RfC
reference concentration (inhalation)
RfD
reference dose (oral)
UF
uncertainty factor
UFa
animal-to-human uncertainty factor
UFC
composite uncertainty factor
UFd
incomplete-to-complete database uncertainty factor
UFh
interhuman uncertainty factor
UFl
LOAEL-to-NOAEL uncertainty factor
UFS
subchronic-to-chronic uncertainty factor
WOE
weight of evidence
11

-------
FINAL
3-24-2011
PROVISIONAL PEER-REVIEWED TOXICITY VALUES FOR
3-BROMOACETOPHENONE (CASRN 2142-63-4)
BACKGROUND
HISTORY
On December 5, 2003, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of
Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) revised its hierarchy of human
health toxicity values for Superfund risk assessments, establishing the following three tiers as the
new hierarchy:
1)	EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
2)	Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs) used in EPA's Superfund
Program
3)	Other (peer-reviewed) toxicity values, including
~	Minimal Risk Levels produced by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR);
~	California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) values; and
~	EPA Health Effects Assessment Summary Table (HEAST) values.
A PPRTV is defined as a toxicity value derived for use in the Superfund Program when
such a value is not available in EPA's IRIS. PPRTVs are developed according to a Standard
Operating Procedure (SOP) and are derived after a review of the relevant scientific literature
using the same methods, sources of data, and Agency guidance for value derivation generally
used by the EPA IRIS Program. All provisional toxicity values receive internal review by a
panel of six EPA scientists and external peer review by three independently selected scientific
experts. PPRTVs differ from IRIS values in that PPRTVs do not receive the multiprogram
consensus review provided for IRIS values. This is because IRIS values are generally intended
to be used in all EPA programs, while PPRTVs are developed specifically for the Superfund
Program.
Because new information becomes available and scientific methods improve over time,
PPRTVs are reviewed on a 5-year basis and updated into the active database. Once an IRIS
value for a specific chemical becomes available for Agency review, the analogous PPRTV for
that same chemical is retired. It should also be noted that some PPRTV documents conclude that
a PPRTV cannot be derived based on inadequate data.
DISCLAIMERS
Users of this document should first check to see if any IRIS values exist for the chemical
of concern before proceeding to use a PPRTV. If no IRIS value is available, staff in the regional
Superfund and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program offices are advised to
carefully review the information provided in this document to ensure that the PPRTVs used are
appropriate for the types of exposures and circumstances at the Superfund site or RCRA facility
in question. PPRTVs are periodically updated; therefore, users should ensure that the values
contained in the PPRTV are current at the time of use.
1
3 -Bromoacetophenone

-------
FINAL
3-24-2011
It is important to remember that a provisional value alone tells very little about the
adverse effects of a chemical or the quality of evidence on which the value is based. Therefore,
users are strongly encouraged to read the entire PPRTV document and understand the strengths
and limitations of the derived provisional values. PPRTVs are developed by the EPA Office of
Research and Development's National Center for Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health
Risk Technical Support Center for OSRTI. Other EPA programs or external parties who may
choose of their own initiative to use these PPRTVs are advised that Superfund resources will not
generally be used to respond to challenges of PPRTVs used in a context outside of the Superfund
Program.
QUESTIONS REGARDING PPRTVS
Questions regarding the contents of the PPRTVs and their appropriate use (e.g., on
chemicals not covered, or whether chemicals have pending IRIS toxicity values) may be directed
to the EPA Office of Research and Development's National Center for Environmental
Assessment, Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center (513-569-7300), or OSRTI.
INTRODUCTION
3-Bromoacetophenone is a clear, colorless-to-light yellow-liquid (see Figure 1) used in
the synthesis of other organic chemicals (Chemical Book, 2010). No reference dose (RfD),
reference concentration (RfC), or cancer assessment for 3-bromoacetophenone is included on the
IRIS database (U.S. EPA, 201 la) or on the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories List
(U.S. EPA, 2009). The HEAST reported no RfD or RfC values for 3-bromoacetophenone
(U.S. EPA, 201 lb), and the Chemical Assessments and Related Activities (CARA) list
(U.S. EPA, 1993, 1994) does not include a Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEP) for
3-bromoacetophenone (U.S. EPA, 1985). The toxicity of 3-bromoacetophenone has not been
reviewed by ATSDR (2011) or the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). CalEPA (2008,
2009a) has not derived toxicity values for exposure to 3-bromoacetophenone. No occupational
exposure limits for 3-bromoacetophenone have been derived by the American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, 2010), the American Industrial Hygiene
Association (AIHA, 2010), the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH,
2005), or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 2011).
Ho)
\
Br
Figure 1. Structure of 3-Bromoacetophenone
2
3 -Bromoacetophenone

-------
FINAL
3-24-2011
The HEAST (U.S. EPA, 201 lb) does not list any cancer values or a cancer
weight-of-evidence (WOE) classification for 3-bromoacetophenone, and it has not been
evaluated under the Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 2005). The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 2010) has not reviewed the carcinogenic
potential of 3-bromoacetophenone, and it is not included in the 11th Report on Carcinogens
(NTP, 2005). CalEPA (2009b) has not prepared a quantitative estimate of carcinogenic potential
for 3-bromoacetophenone.
Exposure guidance is available from IRIS (U.S. EPA, 1991) and ACGIH (2001) for
2-chloroacetophenone	(CASRN 532-27-4), which is a severe respiratory and skin irritant known
as tear gas or Mace®. However, 2-chloroacetophenone is structurally different from
3-bromoacetophenone,	and toxicologic extrapolation between these two chemicals would be
inappropriate.
Literature searches were conducted on sources published from 1900 through February
2011 for studies relevant to the derivation of provisional toxicity values for
3-bromoacetophenone, CAS No. 2142-63-4 Searches were conducted using EPA's Health and
Environmental Research Online (HERO) evergreen database of scientific literature. HERO
searches the following databases: AGRICOLA; American Chemical Society; BioOne; Cochrane
Library; DOE: Energy Information Administration, Information Bridge, and Energy Citations
Database; EBSCO: Academic Search Complete; GeoRef Preview; GPO: Government Printing
Office; Informaworld; IngentaConnect; J-STAGE: Japan Science & Technology; JSTOR:
Mathematics & Statistics and Life Sciences; NSCEP/NEPIS (EPA publications available through
the National Service Center for Environmental Publications [NSCEP] and National
Environmental Publications Internet Site [NEPIS] database); PubMed: MEDLINE and
CANCERLIT databases; SAGE; Science Direct; Scirus; Scitopia; SpringerLink; TOXNET
(Toxicology Data Network): ANEUPL, CCRIS, ChemlDplus, CIS, CRISP, DART, EMIC,
EPIDEM, ETICBACK, FEDRIP, GENE-TOX, HAPAB, HEEP, HMTC, HSDB, IRIS, ITER,
LactMed, Multi-Database Search, NIOSH, NTIS, PESTAB, PPBIB, RISKLINE, and TRI;
TSCATS; Virtual Health Library; Web of Science (searches Current Content database among
others); World Health Organization; and Worldwide Science. The following databases outside
of HERO were searched for toxicity assessment values: ACGIH, ATSDR, CalEPA, EPA IRIS,
EPA HEAST, EPA HEEP, EPA OW, EPA TSCATS/TSCATS2, NIOSH, NTP, OSHA, and
RTECS.
REVIEW OF POTENTIALLY RELEVANT DATA
(CANCER AND NONCANCER)
The literature search revealed no human or animal studies revealing any toxicity
information for 3-bromoacetophenone.
3
3 -Bromoacetophenone

-------
FINAL
3-24-2011
DERIVATION OF PROVISIONAL VALUES
Limitations in the data preclude development of either cancer or noncancer toxicity
values.
CANCER WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE (WOE) DESCRIPTOR
Limitations in the data preclude development of a WOE descriptor.
MODE-OF-ACTION DISCUSSION
Limitations in the data preclude determination of a mode-of-action discussion.
REFERENCES
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). (2001)
2-Chloroacetophenone. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for chemical substances.
ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH.
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). (2010) Threshold limit
values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. ACGIH,
Cincinnati, OH. Available online at http://www.acgih.ore/ChemSearch/index.cfm. Accesed on
March 8,2011
AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Association) (2010) Workplace Environmental Exposure
Levels. Fairfax, VA. Available online at
http://aiha.ore/foundations/GuidelineDevelopment/weel/Docum.ents/WEEL Values2010.pdf.
Accessed on March 8, 2011.
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). (2011) Toxicological profile
information sheet. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Available online at http://www.atsdr.cdc.eov/substances/indexAZ.asp. Accesed on March 8,
2011
CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). (2008) All OEHHA acute, 8-hour and
chronic reference exposure levels (chRELs) as of December 18, 2008. Office of Environmental
Health Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, CA. Available online at
http://www.oehha.ca.eov/air/allrels.html. Accessed on March 8, 2011.
4
3 -Bromoacetophenone

-------
FINAL
3-24-2011
CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). (2009a) OEHHA/ARB approved
chronic reference exposure levels and target organs. Office of Environmental Health Hazard,
Sacramento, CA. Available online at http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/healthval/chronic.pdf.
Accessed on March 8, 2011.
CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). (2009b) Hot spots unit risk and cancer
potency values. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California, CA. Available
online at http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/hot spots/2009/AppendixA.pdf. Accessed on March 8,
2011
Chemical Book (2010) 3'-Bromoacetophenone. Available online at
http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductPropertv EN CB5233225.htm. Accessed on
March 8, 2011
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). (2010) IARC monographs on the
evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Available online at
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/ClassificationsCASOrder.pdf. Accessed on
March 8,2011
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). (2005) NIOSH pocket guide to
chemical hazards. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Index by CASRN.
Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdcas.html. Accessed on March 8, 2011.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). (2005) 11th report on carcinogens. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Available online at http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?obiectid=
32BA9724-F1F6-975E-7FCE50709CB4C932. Accessed on March 8, 2011.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). (2011) Table Z-l limits for air
contaminants: occupational safety and health standards, subpart Z, toxic and hazardous
substances. U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC. OSHA Standard 1910.1000.
Available online at
http://63.234.227.130/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show document?p table=STANDARDS&
p id=9992. Accessed on March 8, 2011.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (1985) Health and environmental effects profile
(HEEP). Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. ECAO-CIN-P147.
September.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (1991) 2-Chloroacetophenone. In: Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS). Office of Research and Development, National Center for
Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. Available online at
http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/subst/0537.htm. Accessed on March 8, 2011.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (1993) Chemical assessments and related
activities (CARA). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.
Available online at nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZvPURL.cgi?Dockev=90140400.txt.
5
3 -Bromoacetophenone

-------
FINAL
3-24-2011
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (1994) Chemical assessments and related
activities (CARA). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.
EPA/600/R-94/904. Available online at
nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZvPURL.cgi?Dockey=6000 lG8L.txt.
U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2005) Guidelines for carcinogen risk
assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC; EPA/630/P-03/001F. Federal Register
70(66): 17765-17817. Available online at
http://www.epa.gov/raf/publications/pdfs/CANCER GUIDELINES FINAL 3-25-05.PDF.
Accessed on March 8, 2011.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2009) 2009 edition of the drinking water
standards and health advisories. Office of Water, Washington, DC; EPA 822-R-06-013.
Available online at http://water.epa.gov/action/advisories/drinking/upload/dwstandards2009.pdf.
Accessed on March 8, 2011.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (201 la) Integrated risk information system
(IRIS). Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment,
Washington, DC. Available online at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm?
fuseaction iris.showSubstanceList. Accessed on March 8, 2011.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (201 lb) Health effects assessment summary
tables (HEAST). Current as of December 2003). Prepared by the Office of Research and
Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC; EPA 540-R-97-036. Available online at
http://epa-heast.ornl.gov/heast appa.shtml. Accessed March 8,2011.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2011) Online catalogs for the environmental health
criteria series. Available online at http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/ehc/en/. Accessed on
March 8,2011.
6
3 -Bromoacetophenone

-------