Greening America's Communities: Advancing Sustainable Design Strategies, Birmingham, Alabama

A rnA United States	Spring 2020
Environmental Protection	www.epa.gov/smartgrowth
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Greening America's Communities is an EPA program to help cities and towns develop
an implementable vision of environmentally friendly neighborhoods that incorporate
innovative green infrastructure and other sustainable design strategies.
ERA provides design and technical assistance to help support sustainable communities
that protect the environment, economy and public health and to inspire local and state
leaders to expand this work elsewhere.
Greening America's Communities will help communities consider ways to incorporate
sustainable design strategies into their planning and development to create and
enhance interesting, distinctive neighborhoods that have multiple social, economic, and
environmental benefits.
Birmingham, Alabama, was chosen in 201 9 as one of four communities to receive this
assistance along with Fort Hall, Idaho; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Bernalillo County,
New Mexico.
More information is available at:
https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/greening-americas-communities
Smart Growth
GREENING AMERICA'S
COMMUNITIES
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Jason Bernagros, US EPA Office of Research and Development
Rafaela Moura, US EPA Region 4
Mara Lindsley, US EPA Region 4
Victoria Ludwig, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM.ALABAMA
Department of Planning, Engineering, and Permits
Lauren Havard, Landscape Architect
Kim Speorl, Senior Planner
Alexcia Moore, Stormwater Specialist
George Putman, Chief Civil Engineer
Heather Garrison, Floodplain Management
Genae Raines-Wilkerson, Floodplain Management
CONSULTANT TEAM
FlouraTeeter Landscape Architects, Inc.
Megan Maffeo, Landscape Architect
Jonathan Gemmell, Landscape Designer
Sara Goins, Director of Marketing
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1	INTRODUCTION
2	WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION
3	EXISTING CONDITIONS / SITE ANALYSIS
7	CONCEPT DESIGN OPTIONS - PRELIMINARY
8	COMMUNITY FEEDBACK
9	CONCEPT DESIGN OPTIONS-FINAL
NEARTERM
LONG TERM
17 EXAMPLE PRECEDENT PARK
KELLY INGRAM PARK - BIRMINGHAM,AL
COOK PARK - ATLANTA GA
19 NEXT STEPS - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
NEAR TERM (2020-2022)
LONG TERM (2021 -2024)
23 FUNDING SOURCES
27 APPENDIX A - ENVIROATLAS DATA COMPARISON
35 APPENDIX B - EPA MEMO - ASSESSMENT OF VEGETABLE SAMPLING
40 APPENDIX C - FUNDING SOURCES SPREADSHEET (EDITABLE EXCEL FILE)
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The City of Birmingham requested assistance from
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
Greening America's Communities program to assist in
developing a concept master plan for a neighborhood
park and community green space that incorporates
solutions for green infrastructure and heat island
mitigation.
The project site is centrally located in the Collegeville
Neighborhood of North Birmingham in Jefferson
County on City of Birmingham (City) owned properties
acquired through a voluntary buyout program for
properties located within a flood hazard zone. The
project area consists of three-blocks, totaling 15-acres,
situated between the heavily used, City-owned Maclin
Park and current and historic Bethel Baptist Churches.
Collegeville has a rich civil rights history; the historic
Bethel Baptist Church served as the home church of
Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and the headquarters
of the Birmingham civil rights movement from I 956 to
1961.
Originally developed as company-built housing
for factory workers, Collegeville is a residential
neighborhood surrounded by heavy industrial areas. It is
bounded by an active rail network that creates both a
perception of isolation and actual physical separation in
spite of its close proximity to other North Birmingham
neighborhoods and Downtown Birmingham.
The entire Collegeville Neighborhood is located
within the study area of the 35th Avenue Superfund
Site where EPA efforts are ongoing to remove soil
contaminated with lead, arsenic, and benzo(a)pyrene
contaminated soil and replace with clean soil.
In applying for a Greening America's Communities
grant, the City recognized the need to build upon past
efforts to transform this underutilized open space into
a community asset, and to do it in a way that engaged
with community members and local stakeholders to
develop a conceptual master plan that reflects their
input and feedback.
The concept master plan will be a building block for the
City to provide an open space amenity that expands
accessible outdoor recreation amenities, celebrates the
civil rights heritage and community identity, addresses
environmental challenges with innovative design
solutions, and reverses the trend of disinvestment in the
Collegeville Neighborhood.
The design team's approach to the concept design was
guided by the following goals.
Project Goals:
•	Incorporating green infrastructure
•	Mitigating urban heat island effect
North Birmingham Framework Plan Community
Renewal Goals:
•	Eliminate blight and strengthen vulnerable areas to
create a community that is stable and attractive for
development and current residents.
•	Transform hazardous areas into environmentally
safe and productive uses that enhance the
community's quality of life.
•	Establish the North Birmingham Community as a
destination for mixed-income housing and high-
quality neighborhood amenities.
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WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION
WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION
The City of Birmingham hosted a three-day design
charrette, February 25 - 27, 2020,
The event was held at the Bethel Baptist Church in the
Collegevilie Neighborhood,
The purpose of the design charrette was to:
•	Present initial concept design options created by
the design team for the project focus areas in
preparation for the charrette,
•	Engage with community members and local
stakeholders to understand better the site
challenges and opportunities, community needs and
vision, and to gather feedback and reactions to the
initial concept design options,
•	Refine the concept design into a final design option,
Core stakeholders were assembled for a kick off
meeting on day one and a wrap up on day three of the
charrette.
A series of four small group meetings were held the
first and second day of the charrette to facilitate
discussion among participants on specific influential
topics related to the concept design.
Participants included representatives from city
departments, non-profit organizations, community
organizations, faith leaders, local artists, and EPA
representatives involved in the 35th Avenue Superfund
Site.
Topics for these meetings included water quality and
soil contamination; air quality and urban heat island
mitigation; placemaking; and design implementation,
maintenance, and funding sources.
The public was invited to two separate public
Figure I: Community member observing
concept designs at public meeting.
workshops on the evenings of the first and third days of
the charrette. These public open house meetings were
intended for interested members of the community.
The first public workshop included a presentation by
the design team to introduce themselves, describe their
understanding of the site, and review the components
of the two initial concept design options. The
presentation was followed by a series of activity stations
for the public to rotate through; the activities were
designed to gauge community members' preferences
for desired amenities in a future park and to facilitate
discussion regardingthe two initial concept design
options.
During the second public workshop the design team
summarized the feedback and input gathered at
previous meetings and presented a final concept design,
The design team reviewed how the concept master
plan was modified to respond to and incorporate ideas
and preferences for a new park. An interim concept
plan for near term interventions in advance of the
overall park implementation was presented, providing a
strategy for park improvements to act as building blocks
for implementation of the full concept plan.
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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EXISTING CONDITIONS
EXISTING CONDITIONS
Site Context:
•	North Birmingham Community -
Collegevilie Neighborhood
•	Proximity of residential areas to
heavy industrial land uses on large
parcel tracts
•	Located within the EPA study area
of the 35th Avenue Superfund Site
•	Located north of Birmingham's
Downtown
Who Lives Here:
•	About 2,500 residents
•	Majority African-American - 92%
•	Trending to an increasingly older
population
Figure 2: North Birmingham Regional Context Map
Photo Credit: Regional Planning Commission of Greater Birmingham
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EXISTING CONDITIONS
FOCUS
AREA
Church
Collegeville
Community
Center
28th Avenue North
FOCUSAREA
M act in Park
. 27th Court North
|ii»i 111 m"n 11 iiiiiHiiiiji i fm 111 iiii 111 mi miiiiiiiiiii)
Maclin Park
27th Avenue North
Crossing Node
Bus Route
|5idewalk
Major Vehicular Route
Minor Vehicular Rou\te
Planned Green Street
Planned Bike Route
is - Circulation Network
Street types (highway, collector; local, etc.) and
circulation networks for vehicles, bus routes, and
pedestrians were mapped to understand movement
patterns and to inform locations for primary access
points to the project site, identified by the two focus
areas on the site analysis maps.
This analysis suggested opportunities to consider
transitioning streets of lower hierarchy to green streets
or pedestrian only spaces.
Existing conditions analysis included mapping locations
of existing trees to preserve and site topography using
GIS data available from the City. Although elevation
change is minimal across the project site, analyzing
microtopography and hydrology patterns identified
optimum locations for incorporating green stormwater
infrastructure into concept design options.
|	Existing Canopy
4	Existing Drainage Path
¦|	Ideal Collection / Infiltration
|	Focus Areas
Figure 4: Site Analysis - Environmental Features
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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EXISTING CONDITIONS
The design team reviewed past planning and design efforts including the North Birmingham Framework Plan,
the Collegeville Neighborhood Plan, and previously developed concept plans. In addition, understanding the
neighborhood history from civil rights and environmental justice perspectives was paramount to developing a
baseline understanding of the context for this project. In developing an understanding of the site, environmental,
cultural, and social influences were identified.
Cultural Influences
Civil Rights Narrative: This site is a landmark on the
City's Civil Rights Cultural Heritage Trail. The City is
working to advance support and promotion of this
landmark by working with the National Park Service
to leverage President Obama's 2017 proclamation
establishing the Birmingham Civil Rights National
Monument and the potential designation of the historic
Bethel Baptist Church as a UNESCO Heritage Site.
Iron and Steel Industry: Birmingham is known as the
industrial center of the South, with North Birmingham
serving as the base for many of these industries during
the late I 800's and through mid-1900's.
Sense of Place / Neighborhood Identity: Existing
Maclin Park and Bethel Baptist Church are important
gathering spaces within the heart of the Collegeville
neighborhood and can serve as anchors for a new park.
Social Influences
Faith Community: There are many congregations within
a quarter-mile radius to the project site, including the
Bethel Baptist Church, located adjacent to the site. The
church provides a multitude of services and resources
for the local community.
Recreation Activities: Maclin Park, sharing a border
with the project site, is a hub for organized recreation
with amenities, including an outdoor pool, baseball and
football fields. The park includes a picnic shelter and
asphalt walking path.
Gathering Spaces: The Collegeville Neighborhood lacks
outdoor spaces for gathering that are flexible in their
use, to accommodate a variety of groups, organizations,
and events. These types of spaces activate and give
vibrancy to the neighborhood by engaging residents.
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EXISTING CONDITIONS
Environmental Influences
Land Use Patterns: Disinvestment has led to the
prevalence of blighted properties that raise safety
concerns, strain on City resources, diminished property
values, and are an eyesore. Both abandoned and
operating industrial sites contribute to blight, reduced
air quality, and increased heat island effect.
Air Pollution: Heavy industrial activity continues
today in North Birmingham and fuels concerns about
exposure to and effects of air quality for residents.
Soil Contamination: Collegeville is located within the
boundaries of the 35th Avenue Superfund Site. EPA
began assessment of residential properties in 2012
and started cleanup in February 2014 to remove
contaminated soil. EPA has completed initial phases of
cleanup, prioritizing the most polluted properties first
and is currently on phase four of the cleanup of legacy
soil contamination on residential properties.
Heat Island Effect: Lack of tree canopy and heavily
industrialized land use patterns, with little green space
in the area surrounding the residential neighborhood in
Collegeville cause elevated air temperatures. Impervious
surfaces absorb warmth during the day and radiate it
back into the air at night,
EnviroAtlas is an interactive tool that provides
geospatial data to analyze impact and benefits of
existing environmental conditions.
https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas
Using this tool our team compared the Collegeville
Neighborhood to the nearby Norwood Neighborhood
to better understand the potential benefits of increased
tree canopy in a new park. Norwood was mentioned
by community members as a neighborhood known for
having a great amount of trees.
Figure 5: EnviroAtlas Heat Island Screening Level Analysis - Average
Reduction in Ambient Temperature - Nighttime for the project site
area.
Norwood has a larger percentage of tree canopy and
green space resulting in a reduced daytime ambient
temperature and an increased particulate matter
removal, improving air quality and reducing acute
respiratory symptoms. Refer to Appendix A for the
screening level analysis comparing Norwood and
Collegeville neighborhoods.
This is an important tool the City can use to help
explain anticipated benefits that support sustainable
and healthy communities and to gain support for this
project.
Flood Risk: The Collegeville Neighborhood is located
in the Village Creek Watershed. A high concentration
of impervious surfaces has severely impacted the
watershed; in addition, damaged and aging storm drain
infrastructure perpetuates flooding in the area. The
project site is designated as a flood hazard area with
substantia! flood events from Village Creek that disrupt
and damage properties. The project site encompasses
properties that were included in the City's Village Creek
Acquisition Program that used grant funding from
FEMA and USACE to purchase properties and end the
costly damage-rebuild cycle.
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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CONCEPT DESIGN - PRELIMINARY
CONCEPT DESIGN - PRELIMINARY
The design team developed two concept design options in preparation for the charrette, as a tool to demonstrate
possibilities for a new park to transform this centrally-located open space within the Collegeville Neighborhood.
Design ideas for the two focus areas were developed into combined, connected concept design options.
Design Aspirations:
•	Support a sense of place and neighborhood identity
•	Increase public green space and recreation
opportunities; create gathering and event space
•	Celebrate and leverage Civil Rights historic
significance to attract visitors
•	Transform problem or hazardous areas into
productive and usable spaces
•	Incorporate design solutions for flood mitigation,
green infrastructure, air pollution mitigation and
heat island effect reduction
Common Design Themes:
•	Gateway to the Collegeville Neighborhood
•	Extension of Maclin Park
•	Event and community gathering space
•	Active and passive recreation amenities
•	Outdoor extension of Bethel Baptist Church
•	Pedestrian promenade linking Bethel Baptist
Church and Maclin Park
Park Signage /
Branding
Area Not Currently
In Development
Pavilion with
Bench Swings
Sculptural Focal Point
Drop Off, Food Truck
Gathering Space
Civil Rights Trail Ex-
tension
Bioretention
Play Space
Church Gathering
Picnic Grove
Dog Park
Reestablished Grove
Bioretention
Meadow
Area Not Currently
In Development
Figure 6: Concept Design Option I - Arrival
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CONCEPT DESIGN - PRELIMINARY
Gateway Signage
Area Not Currently
In Development
Food Truck Pulloff
Art Incorporated
Into Stormwater
Plaza At Maclin Park
Play Space
Promenade
Plaza With Shade
Structures
Overlook Point
Successional
Plantings
Structured
Bioretention
Future
Connection
Area Not Currently
In Development
Figure 7: Concept Design Option 1 - Collegeville Green
Community Feedback
The participants responded positively to the initial concept design options. Overwhelmingly, there is a strong
desire for investment in a park with a desire for the City to take immediate steps to begin implementation, Past
design efforts and resulting concept plan for a park at this project area were never progressed or implemented.
Having not been involved in past design efforts, this left the community confused about the process, Residents
expressed a need for assistance to improve homes in the neighborhood and would like to explore how to
leverage investment in a new park to improve surrounding residences. Potential non-profit partners expressed
the importance of a concept master plan that is based on community driven design with sustained community
involvement throughout the design and implementation process.
Community Preferences:
Expanded recreation amenities, including a
children's playground
Walking and fitness stations for adults
Raised gardening beds
Gathering spaces for social engagement and
pop-up events
Showcase history and culture
Murals or art by local artists
Improve pedestrian connections and safety
Park as outdoor classroom with integrated
education
Pilot projects for green infrastructure
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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CONCEPT DESIGN - FINAL
CONCEPT DESIGN - FINAL
The Concept Master Plan, Shuttlesworth Civil Rights
Park, incorporates five design themes that draw upon
the existing cultural, social, and environmental influences
referenced in the existing conditions section; and
respects the community preferences voiced during the
workshop.
Physical Health
Cultural Identity
Education (History & Environment)
Social Engagement
Environmental Health & Renewal
DESIGN ELEMENTS:
OUTDOOR CLASSROOM
RAISED GARDEN BEDS
DESIGN THEMES:
FITNESS STATIONS
PLAYGROUND / SWINGS
PLAZA / EVENT SPACE
PROMENADE
GATEWAY
OPEN LAWN
ART INSTALLATION / MURAL
GREEN STREET
WITNESS TREES / ARBORETUM
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
PHYSICAL
HEALTH
CULTURAL
IDENTITY
EDUCATION
HISTORY & ENV.
SOCIAL
ENGAGEMENT
ENV. HEALTH &
RENEWAL
Figure 8: Use /Theme Matrix
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CONCEPT DESIGN - FINAL
Building Facade Mural	Community Garden	Demonstration Project	Seating Area and Barbeque
Green Infrastructure
Figure 9; NearTerm Concept Plan
NEAR TERM CONCEPT PLAN
In response to the expressed interest by community members to "see something happen now" the design team
developed a near term concept design that identifies low-cost, temporary changes to the project site intended to
create momentum for implementation of the Concept Master Plan.
Functional Goals: for NearTerm Interventions:
•	Linking funding sources with a variety of organizational goals
•	Establishing a precedent of success at this location and encouraging further investment
•	Improving the experience of the park and surrounding roadways while larger design projects are underway
•	Changing perceptions of the project site by inviting users into the space
Art Installation
Curb Bump-outs
Shared Street
Pavement Mural
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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CONCEPT DESIGN - FINAL
SHUTTLESWORTH CIVIL RIGHTS PARK CONCEPT MASTER PLAN
Figure 10: Shuttlesworth Civil Rights Park Concept Master Plan
Event Plaza	Play Equipment	Outdoor Classroom	Witness Trees and
and Open Lawn	Memorial Grove
Figure I I: Section A - A
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CONCEPT DESIGN - FINAL
O
O
o
o
o
Gateway Pavilion. A new gateway feature is
an orienting and welcoming landmark for the
Collegevilie Neighborhood and functions as
the front porch to the park. A trellis structure
provides shade making a comfortable space for
park users and an ideal location for seating or
bench swings.
Event Plaza. Located adjacent to Maclin Park
and active recreation uses, a large plaza flanked
by new tree plantings provides a venue for
festivals and pop-up events or farmers' markets.
The plaza is ideal for a signature art installation.
Bioretention cells or pervious paving are design
elements for consideration within the plaza.
Community Gardens. Raised garden beds are
an opportunity for social engagement and to
demonstrate it is safe to grow and eat your own
vegetables.
Fitness Stations and Play Equipment. New
fitness equipment and children's play equipment
promotes a healthy lifestyle and encourages fun.
Active recreation in the new park is positioned
to be a natural extension of Maclin Park.
Consideration should be given to incorporate
rubber play surfacing for these amenities.
Green Infrastructure and Education.
Bioretention facilities provide pollutant removal
and slow stormwater discharge, reducing erosion
of natural stream channels and flooding. These
facilities present an opportunity to educate park
users about meadow ecologies and ecological
systems that help reduce flooding, clean
stormwater; and create habitat.
Outdoor Classroom / Stage. Centrally located
within the park, an elliptical plaza creates a
space for programmed events including outdoor
learning or performances.
o
o
o
©
Witness Trees and Memorial Grove. Healthy
mature trees are preserved, respecting their
endurance and witness to the neighborhood
history. Understanding that many of the existing
trees are nearing the end of their life, new
annual tree plantings will expand the tree grove
and become new witnesses of the park and
neighborhood moving forward. The Memorial
Grove creates a contemplative area, for a shaded
stroll or picnic, creating refuge on a warm day.
Increased tree canopy reduces heat island effect,
improves air quality, and intercepts stormwater
Open Lawn. A large open lawn creates space for
unscripted open play and viewing outdoor movies.
Heritage Walk. 28th Avenue North is converted
into a pedestrian promenade and becomes an
extension of the Civil RightsTrail providing a strong
connection between Bethel Baptist Church and
the festival space. Signage will continue the length
of the promenade and lighting incorporated to
provide a greater sense of safety in the park.
Signature paving patterns or engraved pavers are
ways to celebrate the civil rights history. Removing
vehicles from the interior of the park improves
air quality and improves pedestrian safety, while
pervious pavers reduce the effects of heat island.
Heritage Plaza. A plaza with festive shade
structures located opposite the church is a
gathering space inviting the congregation into the
park. New paving materials will overlap the street
as a traffic calming measure.
o
Green Street. 32nd Street North is retrofitted to
implement a green street with a reduced width
for vehicle travel lanes, a vegetated buffer with
bioretention cells, canopy trees, and a widened
sidewalk that creates a direct connection and
extends the Civil RightsTrail between the park and
historic Bethel Baptist Church.
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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CONCEPT DESIGN - FINAL
ACTIVITY USE DIAGRAM
1/2 Mile Walking Circuit
Figure I 2: Activity Use Diagram
Active Uses
•	Walking
•	Community Gardens
•	Fitness Stations
•	Children's Play Equipment
•	Outdoor Classroom
•	Concerts / Performances
•	Pop-up Events / Farmers'
Market / Exercise Classes
Passive Uses
•	Open Lawn / Free Play
•	Outdoor Cinema
•	Picnics
•	Shaded Seating & Swing
•	Art Installations
•	Historic & Educational
Signage
Environmental Uses
•	Memorial Tree Grove
•	Bioretention Facilities
•	Meadow Habitat
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CONCEPT DESIGN - FINAL
POP-UP EVENTS
Birminham Farmer's Market	Cinema in the Park	Concerts & Performances
Photo credit: Beth Cunningham	Photo creditTom Leader Studio	Photo credlt: Halvorson Design Partnership
PARK ACTIVITIES
Fitness Stations	Children's Play Equipment	Exercise Classes
Photo credit: Ameera Steward,The Birmingham
Times
Shaded Seating & Swing	Well Lit Safe Spaces	Community Gardens
Photo credit: Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Photo creditTom Leader Studio	Photo credit. Highland Park Community Garden
Conservancy Figure 13: Active Use Precedent Images
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama	Page 14

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CONCEPT DESIGN -FINAL
Figure I 4: Before - Existing condition 28th Street North looking west
toward Maciin Park pool building.

Figure I 5: After - I he Heritage Walk transforms an existing roadway into a pedestrian promenade becoming an extension of the Civil
Rights Trail and creating a strong east-west connection between Maciin Park and Bethel Baptist Church.
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CONCEPT DESIGN - FINAL
I 6: Before - Existing conditions show remnant mature trees with Bethel Baptist
Church in the background, anchoring the east side of the new park.
Figure 17: After -The Memorial Grove preserves mature trees that have borne witness to history, new tree plantings- will expand
the grove creating an opportunity for tree identification and education on ecosystem benefits of trees. The Heritage Plaza is in the
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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EXAMPLE PRECEDENT PARK
KELLY INGRAM PARK -
Kelly Ingram Park, located in Birmingham's Civil
Rights District, is a local example of a park that
commemorates civil rights history and celebrates
significant civil rights landmarks and leaders of the Civil
Rights Movement. Kelly Ingram Park served as a central
staging ground for large-scale demonstrations during
the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, and is located
adjacent to the I 6th Street Baptist Church,
Kelly Ingram Park incorporates signage, commemorative
statues, signature paving patterns, and several sculptures
throughout the park.
BIRMINGHAM, AL
Similarly, the future Shuttlesworth Civil Rights
Park is located one block from the historic Bethel
Baptist Church, the home church of Reverend Fred
Shuttlesworth and the scene of three separate
bombings. The Concept Master Plan contemplates
the celebration of civil rights history and presents
opportunities for integration throughout the proposed
amenities.
Figure I 8: Select Photos Kelly Ingram Park, Birmingham, Alabama - An example of historical context integrated within a park using
sculpture, paving patterns and signage.
RED ROCK
TRAIL SYSTEM
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EXAMPLE PRECEDENT PARK
COOK PARK - ATLANTA, GA
During the charrette, a representative from the
Trust for Public Land provided helpful information for
how they were involved and oversaw the design and
implementation of Cook Park.
Cook Park is I 6 acres in size and located within
Vine City a neighborhood that has seen dwindling
populations and is one of Atlanta's most distressed
neighborhoods. Cook Park incorporates a large
retention pond and additional green infrastructure
features to prevent future flooding by storing up to
I 0 million gallons of stormwater runoff onsite. It is an
example of a successful transformation of a flood prone
site into a community asset, creating multi-functional
spaces for people to gather and play with integrated
capacity to mitigate flood events, reduce urban heat
island effect, and provide ecosystem benefits within the
urban fabric of the city.
When compared, existing conditions that define Cook
Park are quite similar to the Collegevilie neighborhood
and the project site for the future Shuttlesworth Civil
Rights Park. Cook Park offers a template for how to
plan and implement a world class park that engages the
community in the process.
Photo Credit: HDR, Inc.	Figure 19: Cook Park Atlanta, Georgia
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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NEXT STEPS - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
NEXT STEPS - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
The Concept Master Plan integrates several design components recommended in City planning documents which
to date have been used sparingly throughout the City of Birmingham. This project is an opportunity for piloting of
innovative solutions tailored and refined for projects with similar environmental conditions and challenges within
Birmingham, Alabama.
In developing the near term concept design in conjunction with the Concept Master Plan, the design team created
a road map for the City to use to sustain momentum for the development of the Shuttlesworth Civil Rights Park
in the Col legeville Neighborhood. The following tasks outline next steps for implementation of the near term
concept design, while progressing engineering and securing funding for implementation of the Concept Master
Plan. The suggested near term implementation timeline begins within 6 months and is completed no later than a 2
year duration, primarily due to timing and cycles for grant applications.
NEAR TERM (2020-2022)
1. Share and promote the Shuttlesworth Civil Rights
Park Concept Master Plan at community events,
neighborhood association meetings, and City events
such as the Building Blocks Equitable Development
Workshop.
2. Create a project page on the City's website
including a link to Concept Master Plan, timeline,
and update regularly when new information as it
becomes available; include a link for community
members to submit their email address for future
notifications and updates; maintain an email
distribution list.
3. Designate City representative(s) to provide
regularly scheduled updates and check-ins at
neighborhood association meetings to report
progress.
4. Vacate the right-of-way for portions of 3 I st Street
North and 28th Street North.
5. In coordnation with FEMA, accelerate the buyout of
hold-out properties within the project area.
6. Draft and obtain approval of a dedication ordinance
to transition properties to park land use.
7. Apply for grants and secure funding to implement
the near term interventions.
8. Install mural to improve the pool building fagade at
Maclin Park and implement placemaking.
9. Install demonstration raised garden beds.
- Engage Jefferson County Master Gardeners
10. Implement the transition of 28th Street North to a
shared street, open to vehicle, pedestrian, and cyclist
use. Promote as a strategy for creating temporary
park space to allow for social distancing.
- Change physical appearance of the street to
indicate use as a shared street using curb
bump-outs and pavement murals.
- Engage the City Department ofTransportation
to outline the process, effort, and responsible
individuals.
- Launch as a demonstration project to
understand how the project is received by the
community and how it can be replicated in
other neighborhoods.
- Identify and engage organizations that can
curate and participate in temporary art
installations.
Page 19

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NEXT STEPS - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
I, Install green stormwater infrastructure as a pilot
demonstration project.
-	Engage the City Department of Public Works
to develop a pilot project to understand
maintenance needs, optimum plant species
selection, current maintenance capabilities,
frequencies, costs, and deficiencies.
-	Start a training program for a green
stormwater infrastructure maintenance "Green
Team".
12. Establish a non-profit or local organization to
support the implementation of the park, such as a
Friends of Shuttlesworth Civil Rights Park.
-	Map out organizations that would be
interested in joining or supporting this new
organization and develop an outreach strategy.
-	Find a community champion, advertise to
neighborhood association leadership first.
-	Members may include a City liaison, and
representatives from local schools, libraries,
tourism organizations, University of Alabama
Figure '20: 32nd Street North - Green Street Cross Section
at Birmingham community extension services,
faith community members, local artists, and
Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, etc.
- Create an information sheet for outreach to
potential members.
-Taskthe organization with creating continuity
to move the pieces of the design forward;
identify funding sources and apply for funding
to implement the concept master plan.
I 3. Apply for grants and secure funding in the capital
budget for implementation of the concept
master plan, through preparation of construction
documents, permitting, and installation.
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
Page 20

-------
NEXT STEPS - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
LONG TERM (2021-2024)
!. Engage landscape architect-led design team to
prepare construction documents, specifications, and
secure permitting.
1. Engage artist for sculpture or art installation,
3. Engage general contractorto construct park.
4. Develop an education program for the park.
- Identify institutions, schools, organizations and
opportunities for collaborations.
- Engage partners to incorporate air quality
monitoring within the park to track changes
and educate the public (Greater-Birmingham
Alliance to Stop Pollution, Inc.; Auburn
University Forestry & Wildlife Sciences;
University of Alabama School of Public Health).
- incorporate environmental educational signage
(green stormwater infrastructure, tree
identification, heat island effect).
- Provide free wifi for interactive education with
digital activities.
5. Develop a programming schedule for the park.
- identify institutions, schools, organizations and
opportunities for collaborations.
- identify temporary installations, pop-up events,
and fitness meet-ups.
- identify annual events and celebrations.
- Implement an artist in residency program with
rotating art exhibits in the park and hands-on
workshops led by the artist.
- Promote the historic Bethel Baptist Church
and future Shuttlesworth Civil Rights Park
through partnerships with current tourism
Initiatives in the city of Birmingham,
Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, and the
National Park Service (NPS) downtown civil
rights sites.
Bioretention facilities are proposed in low elevations of the project site.
Bioretention facilities are planted with a variety of meadow species to create habitat to support pollinator species.
During rain events water temporarily is collected to allow for Infiltration into the soil.
Bioretention facilities are designed to release water slowly over a 48 hour period.
Meadow Habitat
Temporary Collection of Rainwater
Water Infiltration
Figure 21: Green Infrastructure - Bioretention Facility
Page 21

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NEXT STEPS - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIPS
This project has great potential to link together a variety of organizations with shared mission and goals to build
a park for the Collegeville Neighborhood while expanding and strengthening civil rights tourism and knowledge
of Birmingham's impact as the center of the movement. The following is a list of organizations and ideas for
collaboration.
National Park Service /Birmingham Civil Rights
Institute1
- Assist with outreach for the future
Shuttlesworth Civil Rights Park at the
downtown park and monument location(s).
- Include mention in a NPS brochure about
non-NPS Civil Rights sites /parks in the City.
- Scheduled van tour to civil rights sites.
UNESCO World Heritage Site2
- Collaboration for expansion of the Civil Rights
Trail and education in the future park.
Parks RX3
- Coordinate with Jefferson County Department
of Public Health to add the future park to list
of promoted parks in this program.
Jefferson County Master Gardeners Association6
- Host community gardening educational events.
Birmingham Botanical Garden7
- Partnership for programs including a summer
education camp.
GASP8
- Implement air quality monitoring and
education program using the Smart City
Sensor Program.
I AM Birmingham9
- Collaboration for fitness programs in the
future park.
Trust For Public Land4
- I 0 minute walk campaign.
World Games 20215
- Commemorative tree planting.
- Coordination for reuse of construction
materials.
1. https://www.nps.gov/bicr/index.htm; https://www.
bcri.org/
2. https://www.birminghamal.gov/20l 6/07/04/civil-
rights-landmarks-proposed-for-world-heritage-
status/
3. http://www.reachforbetterhealth.com/parkso
-------
FUNDING SOURCES
FUNDING SOURCES
Potential funding sources have been identified for specific project components to guide the City of Birmingham
in their approach to implementation. The following table organizes project components into two categories: near
term implementation and concept master plan implementation, and is a direct correlation to the plan graphics
described in the Concept Plan - Final section of this document. The table includes a recommended timeline for
implementation of each project component that considers application deadlines as well as a logical approach to
fast track small interventions and to build momentum and foundation for the implementation of the complete
Shuttlesworth Civil Rights Park Concept Master Plan.
FUNDING OPPORTUNITY TRACKING - SHUTTLESWORTH CIVIL RIGHTS PARK, BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
NEAR TERM IMPLEMENTATION
NO.
PROJECT COMPONENT
TASK DESCRIPTION
RECOMMENDED TIMELINE FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
1
• Marketing and Branding
• Establish a Friends of Shuttlesworth Civil
Rights Park Organization or Foundation
• Hire a consultant to develop marketing and branding campaign
• Facilitate community outreach to assemble steering committee
/board members for a Friends of Shuttlesworth Civil Rights Park
Organization or Foundation
• Apply for Grant: Nov. 2020 - Jan. 2021
• Marketing & Branding Development/
Formulate Park Foundation: Sept. 2021
2
Temporary Art Installations:
• Pavement Mural - 28th Avenue North
• Art Installations - Up to 6 art
installations/sculptures
• Area Lighting
• Issue RFQ temporary art installation (Template: Americans for
the Arts template for public solicitations)
• Award contract to local artist.
• Award contract for site work associated with installation.
• Issue RFQ: 3 months
July - Sept. 2020
• Commission/Installation: 6 months
Oct. - March 2021
3
Building Facade Mural:
• Existing Maclin Park Pool Buildings
• Historical Theme - Iron & Steel Industry,
Civil Rights Narrative
• Issue RFQ permanent art installation (Template: Americans for
the Arts template for public solicitations)
• Award contract to local artist.
• Submit LOI Application: Jan. 2021
• Award Announcement: April 2021
Issue RFQ/Award: Feb. - April 2021
• Commission/Installation: May - Oct.
2021
4
Community Gardening
• Installation of 10 raised garden beds and associated site work.
• Contract with non-profit organization to facilitate management
for one growing season.
• Submit Application: July 2020
• Installation: Feb. 2021
• Management: Feb. 2021 - Nov. 2021
5
Pop-up Events
• Temporary one day events (Ex. Health & Wellness Event)
• Regularly scheduled series of events (Ex. monthly farmer's
market)
• March 2021 - March 2022
6
Green Storm water Infrastructure
Demonstration Project
• Construction for site work to install stormwater facility, new
walkway and seating area
• Establish a "Green Team" to provide maintenance and
management of the facility for two years
• Develop curriculum for schools or install educational signage
• Submit Application: Dec. 2020
• Installation: Sept. - Dec. 2021
• Maintenance: Jan. 2021 - Jan. 2023
Page 23
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FUNDING SOURCES
The funding opportunities presented are a range of sources including grants from local, state, and federal agencies,
non-profit organizations, both as funding sources or partners, and city of Birmingham utility fees. This table will be
provided to the City of Birmingham as an editable Excel spreadsheet intended to be a living document for the City
to track and adapt as funding sources are secured.
Websites for potential funding sources and potential partners have been included in the spreadsheet.
NEAR TERM IMPLEMENTATION
NO.
POTENTIAL PARTNERS
FUNDING PROGRAM
FUNDING
AGENCY
APPLICATION
DEADLINE
POTENTIAL
AWARD
FUNDING SOURCE WEBSITE
1
The Nature Conservancy
Urban Conservation Program
https://www.nature.org/en-
us/what-we-do/our-
priorities/build-healthy-
cities/cities-stories/north-
america-cities-network/
Environmental Justice
Collaborative Problem-
Solving Cooperative
Agreement Grant
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Application Deadline: Feb.
Award Announcement: Sept.
$120K
https://www. epa.gov/environ
mental-iustice/environmental-
justice-col laborative-oroblem-
solving-cooperative-agreement
0#tab-2
2

Community Challenge
Grant
American
Association of
Retired Persons
(AARP)
Application Deadline: May 2020
Award Announcement: Aug.
2020
$25K
www.aarp.org/communitvchall
enge
3

Art, Culture &
Community Assets Grant
Daniels
Foundation of
Alabama
Letter of Intent (LOI) Application
Deadline: Jan.
Award: April
Unspecified
http://danielfoundationofalaba
ma.com/
4
Lotus Family Development
Center
https://www.lotusfdc.org/
Jefferson County Master
Gardener Grant Program
Jefferson County
Master
Gardeners
Application Deadline: July
Non-profit partner required
Raised Bed
Kits or
$2K for a
gardening
project
https://ieffcomg.org/contact-
2/communitv-gardens-
grants/i ndex.html
5
Lotus Family Development
Center
https://www.lotusfdc.org/
Health Grant
Daniels
Foundation of
Alabama
LOI Application Deadline: April
Award: June
Unspecified
http://danielfoundationofalaba
ma.com/
6

Five Star Urban Waters
Restoration Grant
National Fish
and Wildlife
Foundation
Application Deadline: Dec.
Award: Aug.
$50K
Equal
matching
funds required
https://www.nfwf.org/progra
ms/five-star-and-urban-waters-
restoration-grant-program/five
sta r-a n d -u rba n-wa te rs

COB Stormwater Utility
Fee
City of
Birmingham
N/A
Unspecified
https://www.bhamgov.org/gov
ernment/departments/treasur
v/storm water utilitv ordinan
ce.php
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
Page 24
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FUNDING SOURCES
FUNDING SOURCES
CONCEPT MASTER PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
NO.
PROJECT COMPONENT
TASK DESCRIPTION
RECOMMENDED TIMELINE FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
PARK AMENITIES
7
Park Design & Site Construction
Park amenities and infrastructure
• 2021 - 2024
8
32nd Street
Green Street Construction
Streetscape Reconstruction
• Reduced vehicle travel lanes; 10" width each direction
• Landscape buffer / bioretention; 10" width
• Sidewalk with specialty paving pattern/material; 10" width
• Traffic calming via specialty paving at 28th Avenue North/32nd
Street North
• 2021 - 2024
9
Green Stormwater Infrastructure
• Facility Construction
• Maintenance
• 2021 - 2024
10
Permanent Art Installation
• Issue RFQ permanent art installation (Template: Americans for
the Arts template for public solicitations)
• Award contract to local artist
• 2021 - 2024
11
Play Equipment

• 2021 - 2024
12
WIFI Service

• 2021 - 2024
PROGRAMMING
13
Outdoor Classroom
• School Field Trips
• School Curriculum
• 2023 - 2024
14
Artist In Residency
• Rotating Art Installation
• Community Art Workshops
• 2023 - Continue
15
Tree Planting
• Annual tree planting events
• 2023 - Continue
Page 25
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FUNDING SOURCES
CONCEPT MASTER PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
NO.
POTENTIAL PARTNERS
FUNDING PROGRAM
FUNDING
AGENCY
APPLICATION
DEADLINE
POTENTIAL
AWARD
FUNDING SOURCE WEBSITE
PARK AMENITIES
7
Trust for Public Land
https://www.tpl .org/
Outdoor Recreation
Legacy Partnership
Program
Land and Water
Conservation
Fund
Application Deadline: July
$1 million
Equal
matching
funds required
https ://www. grants, gov/web/g
rants/search-
grants.html?kevwords=outdoo
r%20recreation%20

Aftican American Civil
Rights History Grant
National Park
Service
Application Deadline: December
$50K
https ://www. nos.gov/Dreserva
tion-grants/civil-rights/
8

COB Stormwater Utility
Fee
City of
Birmingham
N/A
Unspecified
https://www.bhamgov.org/gov
ernment/departments/treasur
v/storm water utility ordinan
ce.php
9

Five Star Urban Waters
Restoration Grant
National Fish
and Wildlife
Foundation
Application Deadline: Dec.
Award: August
$50K
Equal
matching
funds required
https://www.nfwf.org/progra
ms/five-star-and-urban-waters-
restoration-grant-program/five
star-and-urban-waters
10
City and non-profit
partnership required
Our Town Grants
National
Endowment for
the Arts
Application Deadline: August
Award: April
Performance Period Begins: July
$25K - $200K
Equal
matching
funds required
https://www.arts.gov/grants-
organizations/our-town/grant-
program-description
11

Let's Play Community
Construction Grant
Kaboom!
LOI Application Deadline: July
Award: Sept.
$15K
Matching
funds required
https://kaboom.org/grants/let
s-plav-communitv-construction
12

Free WIFI Service,
installed and maintained
American Park
Network
N/A
N/A
http://apnmedia.com/ohrange
r-wi-fi/
PROGRAMMING
13

Education minigrant
Alabama
Audubon Society
Application Deadline: July
$1K
https://alaudubon.org/minigra
ntsI
14

Community Arts
Consolidated Projects
Grant
Alabama State
Council on the
Arts
Application Deadline: June
$20K
Equal
matching
funds required
http://www.arts.state.al.us/gr
ants/grant organization.aspx
15

Good Roots Grant
Alabama Power
Application Deadline: May-
August
$1K
https://powerofgood.com/sra
nt/good-roots-grants/
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
Page 26
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APPENDIX A
APPENDIX A ENVIROATLAS DATA COMPARISON
Appendix A includes a comparison of the Collegevi lie Neighborhood to the Nonfood Neighborhood to better
understand the potential environmental and public health benefits of increased tree canopy and vegetative cover.
Norwood is a nearby neighborhood mentioned during the charrette as being known for having abundant tree
canopy cover A screening level analysis of data sets communicates potential air quality and urban heat island
mitigation benefits of a future park in the Collegeville Neighborhood.
Percent Tree Canopy Cover -This map illustrates the percent oftotal land area within each census block group
that is covered by trees. In EnviroAtlas, tree coverage takes many forms including street trees, parks, urban forests,
and single trees on various properties.
Collegeville:
(Atlas Interactive Map
Combined Communities
PROJECT SITE
Layers
Percent ¦
C Average reduction in nighttime ambient
temperature (Celsius)
N EnviroAtlas Community Boundaries
Data source: EnviroAtlas Interactive Map: https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/. Accessed: 3/4/20
Page 21
-------
APPENDIX A
Percent Tree Canopy Cover
Norwood
Norwood, Birmingharr X Q*
Show search results for
Layers
Percent ¦
Block Group ID: 010730016002
Percent •
C Average reduction in nighttime ambient
temperature (Celsius)
N EnviroAtlas Community Boundaries
Data source: EnviroAtlas Interactive Map: https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/. Accessed: 3/4/20
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
Page 28
-------
APPENDIX A
Percent Green Space -This map illustrates the percent of total land within each census block group that is
covered by vegetation, or "green space." Green space may include trees, lawns and gardens, crop land, and forested
wetlands.
Collegeville:
Envir||Atlas
Interactive Map
Combined Communities
PROJECT SITE
Layers
Percent
C Average reduction in nighttime ambient
temperature (Celsius)
N EnviroAtlas Community Boundaries
Block Group ID: 010730007001
Data source: EnviroAtlas Interactive Map: https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/. Accessed: 3/4/20
Page 29
-------
APPENDIX A
Percent Green Space
Norwood:
Layers Q ^
C Percent green space lt,
^ 71.48-100.00
^ 57.01-71.47
^ 41.04-57.00
[>! 25.52-41.03
[^l 0.00-25.51
* L C Average reduction in nighttime ambient "*
temperature (Celsius)
>~< N EnviroAtlas Community Boundaries M|

Data source: EnviroAtlas Interactive Map: https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/. Accessed: 3/4/20
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
Page 30
-------
APPENDIX A
Acute respiratory symptoms avoided due to particulate matter (PM2.5) removed by tree cover (cases/yr.) -
This map estimates the annual number of acute respiratory symptom cases that may be avoided due to total
PM2.5 removed by trees in each census block group,
Collegeville:
Collegeville, Birmingh; X Q* E
Selected Community:
Combined Communities

Acute respiratory symptoms
avoided due to particulate
matter [PM2-5] removed by tree
cover (cases/yr) (1 of 2)
Block Group ID: 010730007001
Acute respiratory symptoms avoided due to
particulate matter [PM2.5] removed by tree
cover (cases/yr) : 0.14
Layers Q ^
"* Q C Acute respiratory symptoms avoided due to
particulate matter [PM2.5] removed by tree
cover (cases/yr)
^ 1.0494-14.2794
^ 0.6153- 1.0493
^ 0.3530-0.6152
0.1666-0.3529
-0.3559-0.1665
C Percent green space ltl
* C C Average reduction in nighttime ambient
temperature (Celsius)
-~i N EnviroAtlas Community Boundaries
Data source: EnviroAtlas Interactive Map: https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/. Accessed: 3/4/20
Page 31
-------
APPENDIX A
Acute Respiratory Symptoms Avoided
•w Norwood, Birmingharr X CM
Show search results for ..
•CD
\

Acute respiratory symptoms
n x
avoided due to particulate

matter [PM2.5] removed by tree

cover (cases/yr)

Block Group ID: 010730016002
Acute respiratory symptoms avoided due to
particulate matter [PM2.5] removed by tree
cover (cases/yr) : 0.69
¦
Layers Q ^
' D C Acute respiratory symptoms avoided due to
particulate matter [PM2.5] removed by tree
cover (cases/yr)
^ 1.0494-14.2794
^ 0.6153- 1.0493
^ 0.3530-0.6152
0.1666-0.3529
-0.3559-0.1665
* I C Percent green space #>#
.'flic Average reduction in nighttime ambient ***
temperature (Celsius)
-~i N EnviroAtlas Community Boundaries l>l

Data source: EnviroAtlas Interactive Map: https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/. Accessed: 3/4/20
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
Page 32
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APPENDIX A
Average Reduction in Nighttime Ambient Temperature (Celsius) - This map estimates the average reduction in
the ambient temperature at night following a hot summer day due to the cooling properties of tree cover in each
census block group
Collegeville:
* C2 C Average reduction in nighttime ambient
temperature (Celsius)
^ 0,6299-2.0865
^ 0.4259-0.6298
0.2941 - 0.4258
0.1912-0.2940
0.0000-0.1911
| ' j No Data for Community
>~< N EnviroAtlas Community Boundaries
31
Collegeville, Birmingh; X
Show search results for
Block Group ID: 010730007001
Average reduction in nighttime ambient
temperature (Celsius) : 0.50
Data source: EnviroAtlas Interactive Map: https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/. Accessed: 3/4/20
Page 33
-------
APPENDIX A
Average Reduction in Nightime Ambient Temperature

Layers Q ^
¦* Q C Average reduction in nighttime ambient ...
temperature (Celsius)
^ 0.6299-2.0865
^ 0.4259-0.6298
0.2941 - 0.4258
[>! 0.1912-0.2940
[^l 0.0000-0.1911
[^| No Data for Community
N EnviroAtlas Community Boundaries ...
Norwood:
Data source: EnviroAtlas Interactive Map: https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/. Accessed: 3/4/20
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
Page 34
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APPENDIX B
APPENDIX B EPA MEMO - ASSESSMENT OF VEGETABLE SAMPLING
This memo was presented at the charrette by U.S. EPA Region 4 Superfund staff as a response to community
concerns about the safety of vegetables from community and personal gardens in the Collegeville Neighborhood.
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 4
| 61 Forsyth Street, S.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
MEMORANDUM November 26, 2013
SUBJECT: 35th Avenue Site Removal Assessment Consult
Vegetable Samples and Surface Wipe Data
Birmingham, Alabama
FROM: Kevin Koporec, Toxicologist
Technical Support Section
Superfund Support Branch
THROUGH: Glenn Adams, Chief ft ( fi/j
Technical Support Section
Superfund Support Branch
TO: Greg Harper, OSC
Richard Jardine, OSC
Superfund Emergency Response & Removal Branch
Per your request, I have reviewed the data from vegetable samples and from exterior
surface wipe samples for the investigation of the 35* \venue, Birmingham, Alabama
Removal Site. I will provide an electronic copy of this memo.
My review/assessment of these data consists of 1) use of the EPA IEUBK Lead model for
assessment of the vegetable Lead concentrations; and 2) screening comparison of the exterior
surface wipe data to EPA/HUD standards for interior surfaces.
ASSESSMENT OF THE VEGETABLE LEAD CONCENTRATION DATA
To screen the health risk for the vegetable lead data, the highest measured concentration is used
in the EPA Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model. The IEUBK is used by EPA
to predict blood lead levels in children assumed to be exposed to the contaminated media on a
chronic daily basis. The predicted blood lead levels are then compared to the target levels
established by the EPA Superfund Program.
Page 35
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APPENDIX B
2
The maximum reported garden vegetable lead concentration was in sample CV0453-VGW
(washed) with a lead concentration = 0 57 mg/kg. Even though this was one of the samples for
which the soil was washed off, it still had the highest lead level of all the samples (including
those that were left unwashed).
Assuming the model "default" soil-lead concentration of 200 ppm. the defau lead
concentrations for water and air, and assuming 100% of the child's vegetable diet is from this
homegrown vegetable source, the probability of exceeding the target blood lead level of 10
ug/dL is < 1% (and thus, well below our 5% cutoff).
If the "default" soil-lead concentration is maintained at 200 ppm. but one changes the target
blood-lead to 5 ug/dL (new CDC Reference Level I'>7.5% of children nationwide less than this
levellV even assuming NONE of the vegetable diet is from this homegrown vegetable source, the
probability of exceeding 5 ug/dL is >5% (this lower blood lead target is considered here for
comparison, but it should be noted EPA-OSWER has NOT yet established this as policy).
Assuming a lower soil-lead concentration of 100 ppm. and target blood-Pb of 5 ug/dL (new
CDC Reference I ,cvcl r97.5% of child pop less thanl). even assuming 100% of the vegetable diet
is from this homegrown vegetable source, the probability of exceeding 5 ug/dL is <5%.
ASSESSMENT OF ARSENIC IN VEGETABLE SAMPLES
There was only one reported detection of arsenic in vegetable tissue samples- 0.069 mg/kg
[CV0827A-VGUW-CS03, an unwashed sample]. It was not detected in the washed vegetable
sample from this garden [CV0827A-VGW-CS03, 0.083U], While there are no readily available
EPA health risk based screening values against which to compare this one detection, the low
frequency of detection (1/29) and the low level detected (less than to the Reporting Limit for the
non-detect result from the washed sample from the same garden) suggest no significant risk from
the vegetable arsenic levels.
ASSESSMENT OF PAH IN VEGETABLE SAMPLES
There were no reported detections of any PAH compounds in the analytical report.
Overall conclusion for garden vegetable data: Assuming exposure to the maximum reported
lead concentration from the garden vegetables sampled does not have a significant effect on the
predicted blood lead level; the soil lead concentration alone determines the predicted blood lead
level (EPA IEUBK Pb model). The reported arsenic and PAH concentrations are not expected to
pose any unacceptable health risks. Therefore based on the available garden vegetable
concentration data, no restrictions on consumption of garden vegetables are recommended.
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
Page 36
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APPENDIX B
3
ASSESSMENT OF THE SURFACE WIPE SAMPLE DATA
The surface wipe samples are said to be each based on wiping a 100 cm2 surface area on the
exterior of the house.
Since the data from these wipe samples are in units of mass per area, rather than mass per mass
(e.g., mg/kg), the tools usually used for assessing health risks at Superfund/RCRA sites cannot
be used.
LEAD. For lead, the data are reported in units of mg of lead per wipe.
46 locations were reportedly sampled with two composite samples reported for each location
(total of 92 sample results). Lead was not detected in 22 of these samples (the Reporting Limit
was 0.001 mg/wipe for all of the non-detect results). For the samples with detected lead, the
reported data ranged from 0.001 to 0.054 mg/wipe.
To screen the health risk from exposure to the material deposited on these exterior surfaces, the
surface wipe lead data is compared to the EPA/HUD Interior Dust Lead Standards. Below are
the interior dust lead standards with appropriate conversions for this screening comparison.
EPA/HUD Interior Dust Pb Standards (from The Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard
Reduction Act- Title X[EPA 2001])
Dust Pb standard for interior windowsills: 250 micrograms per square foot (ug/ft2)
Conversion for mg/100 cm2 wipe samples—
250 ug/ft2 x 0.0011 ftVcnr2 x 100 cm2/wipe x mg/lOOOug = 0.0275 mg/wipe
Dust Pb standard for interior floors: 40 ug/ft2
Conversion for mg/100 cm2 wipe samples—
40 ug/ft2 x 0.0011 ft2/cm2 x 100 cm2/wipe x mg/1000 ug = 0.004 mg/wipe
Screening/assessment of surface wipe LEAD data.
The converted standard for interior floors was exceeded in 29 of the data points from the
exterior wipe sample results, The converted standard for interior windowsills, however, was
exceeded in only one of the 92 data points from the exterior wipe sample results. Both of these
converted standards for interior surface are very conservative (i.e., health protective) when
comparing to data from the exterior surface of the house. The exterior surface would be
Page 37
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APPENDIX B
4
expected to be contacted much less frequently, especially by young children, than an interior
floor or even an interior windowsill. The maximum reported lead level from the exterior wipe
samples (0.054 mg/wipe) is two times the converted standard for interior windowsills (0.0275
mg/wipe). Thus if significant contact by the young child receptor with the exterior surface of
concern occurs no more than half as frequent as his/her contact with an interior windowsill, the
contribution of this lead level to the child's intake would not be expected to be significant.
Screening/assessment of surface wipe PAH data.
The PAH data from the surface wipes were compared to the health risk based value derived in
the World Trade Center Itidoor Environment Assessment Report for PAHs in settled dust (WTC
Indoor Air Task Force, 2003). The screening value of 150 ug/m2 for PAHs for interior settled
dust is based on the carcinogenic potential of Benzo[a]pyrene. Thus it is appropriate to screen
the total PAH level, and then for any exceedances of this initial screen, evaluate the level of
carcinogenic PAHs.
Since the area component of the units differed between the wipe data and the screening value, a
conversion was needed (as was done for lead).
Screening value for PAHs in interior settled dust: 150 ug/m2
Conversion for mg/100 cm2 wipe samples—
150 ug/m2 x m2/l 0,000 cm2 x 100 cm2/wipe =1.5 mg/wipe
This converted screening value for interior surfaces was exceeded for total detected PAHs in
only 2 of the data points from the exterior wipe sample results [CV0045B-WP: 2.7 ug/wipe;
HP0049B-WP: 1.7 ug/wipe]. When the level of Benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent is calculated for the
detected PAH data at these two locations, however, the resultant levels [0.4/wipe; 0.1/wipe] are
both lower than the risk based value of 1.5 mg/wipe.
As for lead, the converted PAH screening value for interior surfaces is very conservative (i.e.,
health protective) when comparing to data from the exterior surface of the house. The exterior
surface would be expected to be contacted much less frequently than an interior surface.
Screening/assessment of surface wipe Arsenic data
Review of the arsenic data from the surface wipes show only two detections: 0.002, 0.0034
mg/wipe [CV0045B-WP, CV0315B-WP], While there are no available health risk based values
against which to compare, the low frequency of detection (2/92) and the low levels detected
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama
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APPENDIX B
5
(equal to and close to the Reporting Limit for non-detects of 0.002 mg/wipe) suggest no
significant risk from the surface wipe arsenic levels.
Conclusion/recommendation for surface wipe data: The lead levels reported from the
exterior wipe samples are not expected to contribute significantly to health risk, especially
relative to the elevated soil lead levels reported for some residences in this area (lead in soil
exceeding 400 mg/kg, with some exceeding 1200 mg/kg). The reported levels in the wipe
samples of arsenic and PAHs do not pose any unacceptable health risks. Furthermore, if the
soils with the highest concentrations of COCs are remediated, this will help to reduce the
COC levels on these surfaces.
References:
EPA 1994a. OSWER Directive: Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for CERCLA Sites and
RCRA Corrective Action Facilities, OSWER Dir #9355.4-12. August 1994.
EPA 2001. "Lead Dust Hazard Standards" in Fact Sheet: Identifying Lead Hazards in
Residential Properties,, EPA 747-F-01-002, [http://www.epa.gov/lead] Office of Prevention,
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, April 2001.
EPA 2010. Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children, Windows®
version (lEUBKwin vl .l build 1 I, February 2010).
[http://www.epa.gOv/superfund/programs/lead/products.htm#software]
WTC Indoor Air Task Force, 2003. World Trade Center Indoor Environment Assessment:
Selecting Contaminants of Potential Concern and Setting Health-Based Benchmarks, prepared
by the World Trade Center Indoor Air Task Force Working Group (includes representatives from
USEPA, ATSDR, NYSDOH, OSHA, NYCDHMH), May.
Feel free to contact me if you need further assistance on risk assessment issues
3 oAv e TSS a a a e a a qardve c a u r £ w iae No -/ 2 013 . do c
Page 39
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APPENDIX C
APPENDIX C
An editable Excel spreadsheet (living document) of potential funding sources is included as Appendix C.
Greening America's Communities - Birmingham, Alabama Page 40
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