SITE
CHARACTERIZATION
AND MONITORING
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
CENTER
Annual Report Fiscal Year 2018

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Cover photo credits:
¦	Mercury remediation on staircase, Region 4
¦	Algal bloom, iStock
¦	Brown trout, Region 10

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EPA/600/R-18/XXX
Month 2019
Site Characterization and Monitoring
Technical Support Center
Fiscal Year 2018 Annual Report
Prepared by:
Felicia Barnett
Jan Szaro
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460

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Notice/Disclaimer
This report is intended to inform the public, Remedial Project Managers, On-Scene Coordinators, and
Superfund Technology Liaisons of progress at the Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical
Support Center (SCMTSC)-involved sites, cutting-edge investigative technologies, and SCMTSC
operations.
This document has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development and approved for publication.
The views expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views or
policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Disclaimer'. Mentions of company trade names or products do not constitute endorsement by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and are provided as general information only.
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report
v

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Acknowledgements
The Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center (SCMTSC) is part of a core
group of technical support centers and regional forums established and maintained under the
Technical Support Project.
We at SCMTSC would like to thank John McKernan, Director of the Engineering Technical
Support Center; Dave Burden, Director of the Groundwater Technical Support Center; Scott
Wesselkamper, Director of the Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center; and Karen Chu,
Office of Research and Development (ORD) Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research
Program for their cooperation and teamwork in providing high-quality technical support to the
Regions. We would also like to thank the members of the Groundwater, Engineering, and Federal
Facilities Forums for their support and cooperation with the technical support centers through the
years.
We would also like to express our great appreciation for the funding provided by the Office of
Science Policy, the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, and various
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional programs, and the in-house staff support
provided by the National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) in Las Vegas, NV. Without the
funding and in-house staff support, we would not have the resources required to fully achieve our
technical support goals and objectives. We would also like to thank Drs. Ed Barth and Robert Ford,
EPA ORD; and Steve Rosansky and Wendy Condit, Battelle; for conducting a peer review of this
report.
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report 6

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Table of Contents
Notice/Disclaimer	v
Acknowledgements	6
Acronyms and Abbreviations	8
Executive Summary	10
Introduction	12
Long-Term Technical Support Provided in FY18	13
Site Characterization & Sampling Statistics/Trends	13
Bird Creek - Total Dissolved Solids Monitoring (Region 6)	14
West Lake Landfill (Region 7)	14
Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (Region 9)	16
Geophysics	17
Tar Creek (Region 6)	17
Eastern Michaud Flats - FMC Plant OU (Region 10)	18
Exposure Modeling	18
Centredale Manor Restoration Project (Region 1)	18
Vo-Toys (Region 2)	19
BTVs	20
Chemours Pompton Lakes Work Site (Region 2)	20
Arsenic Mine Site (Region 2)	21
Document Review	22
C&R Battery Co., Inc. (Region 3)	22
General Mills-Henkel Corp. (Region 5)	23
Warmhouse Beach Dump (Region 10)	24
Other and Special Projects	25
B.F. Goodrich Site (Region 4)	25
Prototype Septic Sensor Verification Project (Region 1 & 2)	26
Epsom Salt/Mercury in Concrete Remediation Research Project (Region 4)	26
Monitoring for Algal Bloom and Occurrence of Toxic Algae Project (Region 7)	26
Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) Collaborative
Trend Analyses Project	26
Short-Term Technical Support Provided in FY18	27
ProUCL Support	27
References	29
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report 7

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Acronyms and Abbreviations
BHHRA
Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment
BTVs
Background Threshold Values
cPAH
Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
CMS
Compliance Monitoring Strategy
CSM
Conceptual Site Model
C-STARS
Contaminated Sites Scientific, Technical and Risk Support System
DUs
Decision Units
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPC
Exposure Point Concentration
ERA
Ecological Risk Assessment
ERT
Environmental Response Team
ETSC
Engineering Technical Support Center
FS
Feasibility Study
FY
Fiscal Year
gw/sw
Ground Water-to-Surface Water
GWTSC
Groundwater Technical Support Center
HHRA
Human Health Risk Assessment
ISM
Incremental Sampling Methodology
LTMP
Long-Term Monitoring Plan
KM
Kaplan-Meier
LDW
Lower Duwamish Waterway
MIS
Multi-Incremental Sampling
MK
Mann-Kendall
NERL
National Exposure Research Laboratory
NRDL
Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory
OLEM
Office of Land and Emergency Management
OKI)
Office of Research and Development
OSP
Office of Science Policy
OSRTI
Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation
PCB
Polychlorinated Biphenyl
ProUCL
Statistical Software Package Developed By EPA
PRP
Potentially Responsible Party
RARE
Regional Applied Research Effort
RI
Remedial Investigation
RI/FS
Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study
RIM
Radiologically Impacted Materials
ROD
Record of Decision
ROS
Regression on Order Statistics
RPM
Remedial Project Manager
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report 8

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SCMTSC
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
STL
Superfund and Technology Liaison
SU
Sampling Unit
TSP
Technical Support Project
UCL
Upper Confidence Limit
UPL
Upper Prediction Limit
UTL
Upper Tolerance Limit
VOC
Volatile Organic Compound
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report 9

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Executive Summary
The Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center (SCMTSC) provides
short- and long-term sampling and investigative expert review and support to Regions
and Program Offices focused on characterization and monitoring issues at contaminated
sites and on use of the SCMTSC ProUCL statistical program. In fiscal year (FY) 2018,
experts responded to more than 260 requests for short- and long-term support from
Regions, regional contractors, states, and international practitioners. SCMTSC continued
long-term support to 28 Superfund sites in 9 of the 10 U.S. EPA Regions (see Figure 1).
Five sites to which SCMTSC provided support were on the Administrator's 2017 list of
Superfund sites targeted for immediate, intense attention. Four of these sites were
removed from the list in 2018 after achieving the recommended goals.
Sites on the Administrator's 2017 List
Met Recommended Goals and
Removed from 2018 List
Providing the most up-to-
date science and
information to help solve
complex site issues.
SCMTSC has a suite of
technical and statistical
service offerings:
¦	statistical needs
assessments for site
characterization;
¦	field sampling and
¦ Centredale Manor Restoration Project (R1)
V
monitoring and contaminant
¦ B.F. Goodrich (R4)
•/
measurement activity
¦ West Lake Landfill (R7)
•/
guidance (e.g., soil-gas
¦ Tar Creek (R6)
measurements, site
¦ Anaconda Copper Mine (R9)

characterization

technologies, contaminant
Figure 1. SCMTSC provided long-term technical support to 28 Superfund sites
and 4 special projects across 9 EPA Regions in FY18.
fingerprinting);
geophysics
field sampling and
measurement plan reviews;
issue papers;
nonroutine analytical
services;
vapor intrusion issues;
environmental forensics;
innovative site
characterization and
remediation technologies in
conjunction with ETSC; and
remote sensing
technologies.
i Site Characterization &
Sampling Statistics / Trends
Geophysics
Exposure Modeling
i Background Threshold Values
i Document Review
i Other
Figure 2. Technical requests in FY18.
Site-specific requests sought a variety of support
and general technical inquiries as shown in
Figure 2. The majority of support requested is
categorized as Document Review (29 percent)
and Site Characterization & Sampling,
Statistics/Trends (21 percent). The "Other'
category includes site document development,
special laboratory analysis or quality
assurance/quality control activities, technology
development, unique statistical and trend
evaluations, and other special characterization
requests.
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report
10

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In FY 18, SCMTSC supported four projects ranging from verification support for novel low-cost nitrogen sensors in septic
systems to the analysis of mercury speciation related to the use of Epsom Salt solution in mercury spill mitigation. These
special projects and select site-specific support are highlighted in this report (see the bolded names in Table 1).
Table 1. Categories of technical support provided across sites and projects in FY18
Category	Count Site or Project Name and Region


¦ Bird Creek (R6); West Lake Landfill (R7)
Site Characterization &
Sampling Statistics/Trends

¦ BNSF Train Derailment (R7)
6
¦	Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (R9)
¦	Anaconda Co. Smelter (R9)
¦	Lower Duwamish Waterway (R10)


¦ Enterprise Avenue (R5)


¦ Tar Creek (R6)
Geophysics
5
¦	Compass Plaza Well Trichloroethylene (R7)
¦	Davis Chevrolet (R9)
¦	Eastern Michaud Flats - FMC Operable Unit (R10)
Exposure Modeling
2
¦	Centredale Manor Restoration Project (R1)
¦	Vo-Toys (R2)


¦ Atlantic Fleet Weapons Training Area (R2)


¦ Arsenic Mines of the Nimham Mountains (R2)
Background Threshold Values
5
¦ Chemours Pompton Lakes Works (R2)
(BTVs)

¦	G&H Industrial Landfill (R5)
¦	U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Red Devil
Mine & Mercury Milling Processing Facility (R10)


¦ North Penn Area 5 (R3)


¦ C&R Battery Co., Inc. (R3)


¦ LCP Chemicals Georgia - Mercury Cell Building (R4)
Document Review
8
¦ General Mills-Henkel Corp. (R5)
¦	El Paso Natural Gas Mines (R9)
¦	Northeast Church Rock Mine (R9)
¦	Westinghouse Electric Corp. - Sunnyvale, CA Plant (R9)
¦	Warmhouse Beach Dump (R10)
Other
O
¦ B.F. Goodrich (R4)
Z
¦ Pilsen Area Soil (R5)
Total
28



¦ Prototype Septic Sensor Verification Project (R1 & R2)


¦ Epsom Salt/Mercury in Concrete Remediation (R4)
Special Projects
4
¦	Monitoring for Algal Bloom and Occurrence of Toxic Algae Project
(R7)
¦	Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation
Collaborative Trend Analyses Project
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report
11

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Introduction
This annual report illustrates the range and extent of projects that the
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
(SCMTSC) supported in fiscal year (FY) 2018. The intended
audiences for this report are site project managers, regional
management, the Regional Forums, and states through their U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regional contacts. This
report is also intended for SCMTSC's clients, including the Office of
Land and Emergency Management (OLEM) and the Office of
Research and Development (QRD), to show that their generous financial and intellectual investment is an
important component in cleaning up sites and protecting our communities. The objective of this report is to
demonstrate our accomplishments so that Superfund project managers can understand the benefits of
reaching out to SCMTSC to address their most complex hazardous site investigation and cleanup
challenges.
SCMTSC is operated by members of ORD's Office of Science Policy Superfund and Technology Liaison
(STL) Program and supported by staff in the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods
and Measurements Division. SCMTSC receives requests for technical support from STLs and
regional/headquarters waste program and project managers for their respective sites and states, and then
determines if and how the SCMTSC can address their technical support needs.
Requesting technical support is easy
(see Figure 3). The Region's STL logs
the request into the Contaminated sites
Scientific, Technical and Risk Support
system (C-STARS) database. The
Director communicates with
SCMTSC subject matter experts to
identify if and how SCMTSC can
address the technical support issue.
Products (e.g., review comments, data,
reports, issue papers) are delivered
from the subject matter experts to the
SCMTSC Director for final approval
and delivery to the requestor. If the
product is sensitive or requires policy
or peer review, the SCMTSC director
will coordinate this with the requestor
as needed.
The remainder of this annual report highlights long- and short-term technical support provided by SCMTSC
in FY 18. Long-term support typically covers larger than discrete tasks, ranging in time from a week to
several months. Short-term support is usually discrete tasks completed within a few days to weeks, which
illustrate the SCMTSC's breadth and depth of expertise and ability to facilitate a quick response.
The SCMTSC's primary
goal is to provide technical
assistance to Regional
programs on complex
hazardous waste site
characterization issues.
SCMTSC Request
Row Chart
V V
Ksglonal
Project Mimagjr*
Program Managers
STLs
V V
V
Subject Mntter
EiperlJla)
Technical Support Requests
Technical Products
Communication
Figure 3. Process for requesting technical support from
SCMTSC.
Site Characterization arid Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report
12

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Long-Term Technical Support Provided in FY18
In FY18 (October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2018), the SCMTSC supported 28 sites and 4 projects in 9
EPA Regions (see Table 1) by completing numerous individual tasks, including site analysis, report
reviews, sampling technology evaluations, presentations, meetings, and conference calls. This support is
organized into six categories:
¦	Site Characterization & Sampling Statistics/Trends
¦	Geophysics
¦	Exposure Modeling
¦	Background Threshold Values (BTVs)
¦	Document Review
¦	Special Projects and Other
The SCMTSC provided support in FY18 for five sites that were listed on the Administrator's 2017 list of
Superfund sites targeted for immediate, intense action. Four of those sites were removed from the list in
2018, and the SCMTSC expects to remain involved with other sites on the current list in the future.
Statistical and geophysical-based requests remain very strong on an annual basis, and support was also
provided for several mining sites. In the following section, the types of long-term support provided by
SCMTSC in FY 18 are discussed in more detail, and a select number of the FY 18 technical support sites
and projects are highlighted as examples of the SCMTSC's work.
Site Characterization & Sampling Statistics/Trends
The SCMTSC supports Regions on sites with complex site characterization or remediation issues
related to the size of the site, the number of PRPs involved, the complexity of conceptual site
models, or the uniqueness of the contaminant or site characteristics. A variety of models, tools,
and skills are used to address these requests, including the use of sampling statistics and trend
analyses. In FY18, the SCMTSC provided support to six sites and the support for Bird Creek,
West Lake Landfill and Hunter's Point is detailed in the section below:
¦	Bird Creek (Region 6)
¦	West Lake Landfill (Region 7)
¦	BNSF Derailment (Region 7)
¦	Hunter's Point (Region 9)
¦	Anaconda Copper Mines (Region 9)
¦	Lower Duwamish Waterway (Region 10)
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report
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Bird Creek - Total Dissolved Solids Monitoring (Region 6)
Bird Creek is a stream in northwestern Oklahoma. In August 2016, an oily sheen and dead fish and turtles
were reported on North Bird Creek. An EPA investigation found saltwater bubbling up from the creek, and
the source was determined to be secondary recovery of petroleum. The SCMTSC provided technical
support on the development of a monitoring plan at Bird Creek, which was impacted by the hydraulic
fracturing reagents. The potentially responsibly part}' (PRP) is taking over monitoring efforts at this
waterway.
In July 2018, the SCMTSC
engaged in several activities,
including participation in three
conference calls with Region
personnel, to provide direction
and recommendations for using
statistics to determine adequate
frequency and number of years
of surface water sample
collection from Bird Creek that
would be needed to establish
whether a decrease is occurring
in the parameters of concern. The
SCMTSC also recommended
\ l . ?	' free and user-friendly statistical
software packages, including
rk	ProUCL, that can be used to
compute the frequency and
IHH	* length of sampling required to
... .	,	^	,. .	evaluate the presence and extent
Figure 4. The oily sheen observed at Bird Creek in Oklahoma „ . ,, .	,
resulted from nearby hydraulic fracturing activities (Louise Red trends of the measured
Corn).	parameters in the surface water.
Finally, the SCMTSC provided
review comments on the PRP's plan and oral comments and recommendations on statistical-based sampling
and trend analysis for site monitoring. In September 2018, the SCMTSC provided additional comments on
the PRP's updated sampling proposal.
West Lake Landfill (Region 7)
From 1939 to 1985, limestone was quarried on the 200-acre site in Missouri. Beginning in 1962, parts of
the site property were used for landfilling of municipal solid waste and construction debris. Two areas
became radiologically contaminated in 1973 when soils mixed with uranium ore processing residues were
used as daily cover in the landfilling operation (U.S. EPA, 2019a). In previous years, the SCMTSC
developed a sampling plan for the outer area of the landfill using spatial statistical methods.
Site Characterization arid Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report 14

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Inactive
demolition
landfill
tnBctrve
•rariitary
landfill
North (
quarry'
PZ-11VK5
~ * South
quarry
EXPLANATION
O Alluvial monitoring well
0 Bedrock monitoring well
• Quarry area leachale riser
~ RadioJogically Impacted
Material (RIM} Area (OUl)
West lake Landfill site
Approximate edge of
alluvium. Bedrock is
acposed to the south-
east
boundary
Landfill areas |OU2,i
Bndgeton
Landfill
r£-104-K5
Site boundary
Figure 5. Aerial photograph (1974) of the West Lake Landfill site, former landfill areas, areas
containing radiologically impacted material, and monitoring wells at the West Lake Landfill site
(USGS, 2015).
The statistically valid sampling plan facilitated determination of the extent of contamination outside the
landfill. After the sampling was complete, the SCMTSC was asked to review the data and reports as written
by PRPs to determine key elements of these documents related to statistical analysis and to verify that the
statistically developed findings are supported by site data. The PRPs provided additional information
regarding their input files for the use of ProUCL, and the Region met with the PRPs to provide the data
used to calculate exposure point concentrations (EPCs). The EPCs were ultimately used to determine the
remediation areas for the site. The SCMTSC reviewed the PRPs" use of ProUCL and provided comments
on the data sets that were used to generate these EPCs and provided support to the Region in developing
comments related to available data that were not used in the draft document.
The SCiMTSC's support aided Region 7 on how to direct the PRPs to account for the data. Specifically, on
January 8, 2018, SCMTSC provided comments on the Revised Site Geostatistics Report entitled,
"Estimated Three-Dimensional Extent of Radiologically Impacted Material,'4 and on June 5, 2018,
SCMTSC provided comments on the Geostatistical Technical Memorandum, "Analysis of Excavation
Alternatives for Radiologically Impacted Material" and commented on revisions. A Record of Decision
was signed on September 27, 2018. The Region is determining what monitoring support will be requested
for the Remedial Decision/Remedial Action.
Site Characterization arid Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report
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Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (Region 9)
The U.S. Navy's contractor was caught falsifying site data, and
the Region requested assistance with oversight of the
resampling and verification of the actual levels of
contamination remaining on the site. This falsification of the
base closure data has delayed the property turnover for reuse by
the city. The SCMTSC provided review comments on the
Navy's verification process, which indicated the potential for
missing areas that may still need resampling to verify actual
contamination and remediation. SCMTSC recommended a
different approach using effective univariate and multivariate
and multidimensional statistical and graphical methods to
identify potential suspicious or anomalous patterns present in
data sets collected from the various parcels of the site. In
January 2018, based on the site team evaluations, the Navy
confirmed that resampling of the entire area was necessary to
protect public health.
The 866-acre Treasure Island Naval
Station-Hunters Point Annex site in
San Francisco, California, was home
to a shipyard from 1945 to 1974 and
the Naval Radiological Defense
Laboratory (NRDL) from 1948 to
1960. NRDL activities contaminated
soil, sediments, surface water, and
ground water with petroleum fuels,
pesticides, heavy metals, RGBs,
VOCs, and radionuclides. Soil at the
site contains naturally occurring
asbestos and metals.
Figure 6. The 866-
acre Hunter's Point
Naval Shipyard near
San Francisco has
large redevelopment
potential that has
been delayed by a
contractor's falsified
monitoring data (U.S.
EPA, 2019b).
The SCMTSC provided technical support for the sampling plans and data evaluation of the Navy's
verification resampling process. On March 13, 2018, the SCMTSC provided comments on the "Proposed
Work Plan for Radiological Survey and Sampling," and on May 30, 2018, the SCMTSC provided a
determination of the number of soil survey unit samples from Parcel Area G that would need to be clean to
achieve a 95% statistical confidence level that 95% of soil survey units in the entire parcel are clean. The
SCMTSC is calculating the same for all parcels of soil survey units and fill units. Proper re-characterization
of the site will ensure that the remediation of the property meets protective standards for human health in
this highly desirable reuse area. In August 2018, SCMTSC provided a final technical memorandum on the
Navy Work Plan for Parcel Area G.
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report 16

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Geophysics
The SCMTSC assists with developing or reviewing site geophysics and geophysical models.
Models allow EPA Regions to integrate related site data into visual indicators of the dynamics
between all or part of the site's media and contamination, allowing for a clearer understanding of
the site and its associated risks. In FY18, SCMTSC provided geophysics technical support for five
sites:
¦	Enterprise Todhunter (Region 5)
¦	Tar Creek (Region 6)
¦	Compass Plaza Well Trichloroethylene (Region 7)
¦	Davis Chevrolet Navajo and Hopi Site (Region 9)
¦	Eastern Michaud Flats - FMC OU (Region 10)
Examples of the geophysics support provided by the SCMTSC for Tar Creek and Eastern
Michaud Flats are described below.
Tar Creek (Region 6)
The SCMTSC has provided support to the
Groundwater Technical Support Center
(GWTSC) to assist the site's Remedial Project
Manager (RPM) identify potential investigative
techniques that could be used to better
understand the ground water-to-surface water
(gw/sw) interactions at the site since early 2017.
An SCMTSC geophysicist attended conference
meetings, provided consultation for the site
investigation activities, and recommended the
gw/sw investigations use either thermal imaging
or a fiber optic distributed temperature system.
A site visit for all the parties occurred in early
2017, and the visit included stops at three
locations of interest to test the ability of thermal
imaging to aid in identifying areas of potential
ground water discharge.
Figure 7. Cleanup of chat piles at the Tar Creek
Regional field sampling activities began in July Superfund site in Oklahoma (U.S. EPA, 2019c).
2017 and ended in October 2017 in an area
known to have mine discharge and where thermal imaging was able to distinguish this discharge from
surface water. The purpose of the study was to identify appropriate tools to characterize gw/sw interactions
related to chat piles adjacent to Tar Creek and assess or demonstrate the utility of these tools at the site.
SCMTSC recommended the use of temporary piezometers, staff gauges, and sediment temperature
monitoring probes to assess possible spatial and short-term temporal changes in seepage flux to the creek,
and sediment temperature profiling coupled with limited hydrologic monitoring to determine seepage
characteristics at the site.
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report
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Based on the investigation results and coordination between the team members, the SCMTSC made
recommendations in early 2018 on possible remediation technologies to be evaluated in the Feasibility
Study (FS) with a goal of providing a more efficient cleanup strategy that uses fewer Superfund dollars
while also delivering better community protectiveness.
Eastern Michaud Flats - FMC Plant OU (Region 10)
The Eastern Michaud Flats Superfund site covers approximately 2,530 acres northwest of Pocatello, Idaho.
It includes two adjacent phosphate ore processing facilities. The FMC OU, one of three OUs, consists of
approximately 1,450 acres. The FMC Corporation operated its elemental phosphorus facility within the
FMC OU from the 1940s until December 2001. While operating, FMC disposed of elemental phosphorus
containing wastes in ponds. The ground water is contaminated primarily with phosphorus compounds and
arsenic and is a source of contamination to the Portneuf River, and the soil is contaminated from spills and
releases from elemental phosphorus and other hazardous substances. (U.S. EPA, 2017a).
Region 10 requested assistance to evaluate potential non-intrusive geophysical technologies to refine the
conceptual site model and better understand subsurface contaminant architecture below the old furnace
building. The SCMTSC participated in several conference calls and several one-on-one calls, facilitated
obtaining a detailed estimate for a geoelectrical approach, and facilitated an estimate from the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) for possible field work to differentiate site contamination from surrounding
soil. Both estimates were forwarded to the site RPM in April 2018. The Region evaluated the estimates and
proposed approaches to determine investigative next steps.
Exposure Modeling
An exposure assessment attempts to answer several questions for a substance or chemical,
including the following (U.S. EPA, 2017a):
¦	How much of the chemical will be released to the environment during manufacturing,
processing, and using the substance?
¦	What environmental pathways (indoor air, indoor dust, indoor surfaces, outdoor air,
drinking water, surface water, etc.) are relevant for general population and
environmental exposure?
¦	What routes of human exposure (inhalation, ingestion, dermal, fetal) are relevant?
Assessments typically use a combination of monitoring data and modeled estimates where
reliable measured data are lacking. In FY17, SCMTSC provided exposure modeling technical
support to two sites as specfied below:
¦	Centredale Manor Restoration Project, North Providence, Rhode Island (Region 1); and
¦	Vo-Toys, Harrison, New Jersey (Region 2)
Centredale Manor Restoration Project (Region 1)
The Centredale Manor Restoration Project includes the Centredale Manor site located in North Providence,
Rhode Island, and contaminated areas of the river downstream of the site. The area is contaminated with
dioxin and other contaminants from chemical production and drum reconditioning that took place on site
from the 1940s to the 1970s. As a result of past site operations, chemicals were released directly to the
ground, buried, and emptied directly into the river, resulting in contamination of soil, ground water, surface
water, and sediment in the adjacent and downstream river and ponds. Over time, contamination from the
source area of the site entered the river and contaminated sediment in ponds and streams. In December
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report
18

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2017, the EPA Administrator included
this site on a list of Superfund sites
targeted for immediate and intense
attention, and in July 2018, the U.S.
Department of Justice, EPA, and the
Rhode Island Department of
Environmental Management announced
that two subsidiaries of a former site
owner—Emhart Industries Inc. and
Black & Decker Inc.—agreed to clean up
dioxin contaminated sediment and soil at
the site. The excavated sediment and soil
were originally slated to be disposed in a
newly constructed landfill, but EPA
proposed modifications and Region 1
requested the SCMTSC assess exposure
risks from disposal of the contaminated
soil and sediment to landfill workers.
Centredale
Manor Restoration
... Project Site
Attendee Pond
Wanton Pond
North
Providence
Dyerv/ite Pond
Narrogansett
Bay
Greenwich
Lrsnstcr
Warwick
, ¦ :
Kilometers
The SCMTSC reviewed site documents
that relate to the level of contaminants,
amount of material, production rates, and
duration of transport and disposal off-
site in an upland construction and
demolition landfill for the selected
remedy (e.g., Baseline Human Health
Risk Assessment (BHHRA), Feasibility
Study, 2012 ROD). The SCMTSC then
(1) evaluated available risk assessment
tools relevant for landfill worker
exposure; (2) evaluated available studies
on incidental ingestion rates; (3) used
available agreed-upon models and tools
to evaluate potential risk to a typical
landfill worker; and (4) provided sensitivity analyses of key assumptions related to hazard and exposure in
these models by performing risk calculations to determine associated risk to a typical landfill worker from
this site's waste material. The findings supported an expansion of the options for the disposal of the
excavated contaminated sediment and floodplain soil to allow for disposal in an existing solid waste landfill
which avoided the need for construction of a new landfill.
Figure 8. Regional map of the Centredale Manor Restoration
Project, Rhode Island (Gardiner et al., 2005).
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Vo-Toys (Region 2)
The Vo-Toys site was an industrial complex located in Harrison, New Jersey, dating from the early 1900s,
where several companies used mercury in their work processes. Recently, developers wanted to redevelop
the site into residential units, but three of the buildings (Buildings A, B, and C)—an entire city block—are
contaminated with elevated levels of mercury vapor. Redevelopment work ceased, and the buildings are
now vacant. Region 2 is looking into building removal because of the concern for mercury exposure if the
buildings were to catch fire and requested technical support related to exposure risk to surrounding
communities and the environment.
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FY18 Annual Report
19

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The SCMTSC worked with another National Risk
Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
support center, Engineering Technical Support
Center (ETSC), to perform a two-phase study
approach to assist the Region in determining the risk
from a building-wide fire. In phase 1, ETSC and
SCMTSC conducted ambient exposure modeling for
releases during combustion to assist in determining
the potential risk from the site to neighboring
communities should a fire occur. The SCMTSC
refined the SCREENS dispersion model to identify
maximum downwind mercury exposures in the event
of a building fire and presented the findings to
Region 2 in early May 2018.
Phase 2 consists of turning the knowledge gained
from modeling activities into action. The first
responders, with guidance from SCMTSC, will use
the modeling results to determine response and community protective measures in the event of a building
fire. In July and August 2018, the SCMTSC supported Region 2 emergency response planning with local
officials and fire and police departments for evacuation and fire fighting based on the modeling results. The
SCMTSC also provided technical support and model results criteria at a planning meeting on October 18,
2018, at the Vo-Toys site for first responders.
Background Threshold Values (BTVs)
SCMTSC investigates complex sites to determine background concentrations and background
threshold values (BTVs), which are used by project managers to determine areas of
contamination, complete the site risk assessment, and develop the FS for site remediation.
Establishing BTVs at large industrial sites can be complicated by naturally occurring or urban
background concentrations and requires specialized skills and experience.
In FY18, SCMTSC provided support for establishing background concentrations and
determining BTVs for five sites. Chemours Pompton Lakes and the Arsenic Mines of Nimham
Mountain are discussed below:
¦	Chemours Pompton Lakes, IMew Jersey (Region 2)
¦	Atlantic Fleet Weapons Training, Vieques, Puerto Rico (Region 2)
¦	Arsenic Mines of the Nimham Mountain Mine Site, Kent, New York (Region 2)
¦	G&H Landfill, Utica, Michigan (Region 5)
¦	Red Devil Mine, Red Devil, Alaska (Region 10)
Chemours Pompton Lakes Work Site (Region 2)
E.I. DuPont De Nemours & Co. manufactured explosives on this 570-acre site at the north end of Pompton
Lakes, New Jersey, from 1902 to 1994. Land use in the vicinity is primarily residential and commercial but
also includes undeveloped areas, an interstate highway (Route 287), and state-owned forest. Historical
operations of a DuPont facility involved the manufacture of munitions, and waste management practices
during the facility's operation resulted in contamination of surface water, soil and sediment, and ground
Figure 9. Mercury air monitoring activities in
Building C at the Vo-Toys site (U.S. EPA OSC
Response, 2017).
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
FY18 Annual Report 20

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water both on and off site. Dredging of approximately 40 acres of Pompton Lakes was required to remove
the primary component of concern, mercury, although lead and copper are also present (U.S. EPA, 2018).
Figure 10. Dredging activities in Pompton
Lakes, New Jersey, to remove contaminated
sediment. (U.S. EPA. 2018a).
The SCMTSC previously provided statistical review
and comments on this site for establishing
background concentrations and threshold values in
2016.	The SCMTSC also provided observations on
the PRP's "Response to Comments, NJDEP/USEPA
Supplemental Comments on CMS And Documents
Supporting CMS Correspondence" in October 27,
2017.	Region 2 then requested a review of the 2016
draft long-term monitoring plan (L IMP) related to
the dredging of Pompton Lake with special emphasis
on verifying the statistical rigor of the proposed
sampling.
The SCMTSC delivered the final technical
memorandum identifying strengths and areas of
improvement for the LTMP on July 25, 2018. Region
2 provided additional funding to the SCMTSC for
continued technical support as they prepare a
response and engage with the responsible party.
Arsenic Mine Site (Region 2)
This historic mine, containing arsenopyrite, a
metal ore that was used in pesticides, pigments,
and other industries, was operated from the
mid-1800s through approximately 1918 in
Kent, New York. The mine has also been
known as Pine Pond Mine, Silver Mine, and
Nimham Mountain Mine. In 1987, nearby
residents were hospitalized for arsenic
poisoning, resulting in the installation of a
water collection system on a homeowner's
property in the late 1980s. In 2016. the
homeowner called EPA to inquire about
assistance for this system as sediments entering
the system were later found to contain high
levels of arsenic. Follow-up assessments were
also conducted at the impacted property and
neighboring properties. The assessment found
arsenic levels as high as 56,000 mg/kg in the
soils. EPA conducted soil sampling events in
2017 and 2018 to depths of 2 feet in various
areas near Pine Pond and found arsenic levels
are as high as 1,600 times the EPA screening
level (U.S. EPA, 2017b). Elevated
concentrations were also found at the mine
entrance and downhill from the mine entrance.
o
(Arsenic Mine

Kent, Putnam County, N Y
Figure 11. Area under investigation for elevated
arsenic levels in the soil at the Arsenic Mine site in
Kent, New York (NYSDoH, 2019).
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Because of the site's complexity and high projected cleanup cost, it was recommended that cleanup areas
be prioritized based on use. Therefore, Region 2 requested SCMTSC provide technical support to develop
statistically defensible background values that could be used to guide a Removal Action in the residential
area adjacent to the mine site. Several values that could be applied to different areas depending on their use
are being investigated (e.g., a higher background value for low-use areas and a lower background value for
high-use areas). SCMTSC provided the final technical memorandum on recommended background values
to Region 2 on July 25, 2018.
Document Review
SCMTSC provides critical reviews of internal and external (e.g., developed by potentially
responsible parties, state government) site documents or sampling methods. A review
performed by experts independent of the project provides a fresh look (and additional expert
opinion) at data and information related to complex site issues. The SCMTSC can evaluate
different methods or technologies to determine if they will provide useful site data in a more
efficient and effective manner. New or old methods and technologies used in an innovative
way may improve site actions through time or cost savings.
In FY18, SCMTSC provided critical document reviews for eight sites, and activities conducted
for C&R Battery, General Mills and Warmhouse Beach Dump are highlighted in this report:
¦	North Penn - Area 5, Montgomery Township, Pennsylvania (Region 3)
¦	C&R Battery Co., Chesterfield County, Virginia (Region 3)
¦	LCP Chemicals - Mercury Cell Building, Brunswick, Georgia (Region 4)
¦	General Mills - Henkel Corp., Minneapolis, Minnesota (Region 5)
¦	El Paso Natural Gas Mines, Cameron, Arizona (Region 9)
¦	Northeast Church Rock Mine, Church Rock, New Mexico (Region 9)
¦	Westinghouse Electric Corp. (Sunnyvale Plant), Sunnyvale, California (Region 9)
¦	Warmhouse Beach Dump, Neah Bay, Washington (Region 10)
C&R Battery Co., Inc. (Region 3)
The eleven-acre C&R Battery Company site is located near the James River in Chesterfield County,
Virginia. Between the early 1970s and 1985, C&R Battery Co., Inc. used the site to dismantle batteries
from cars, trucks, and commercial applications to recover lead and lead oxide. The process involved cutting
open batteries and draining acid into on-site ponds, which contaminated the soil, sediment, and surface
water with lead and other hazardous chemicals (U.S. EPA, 2019e).
SCMTSC was requested by the Region to review documents regarding the overall approach taken at the
site to reduce lead concentrations above the action level and to determine if, from the data available, lead
contamination above the action level is still present at the site.
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A report detailing the review of documents
and drawings depicting the SCMTSCs best
determination of the state of the site with
respect to lead contamination was delivered
to Region 3 on April 24, 2018.
The SCMTSC's review assisted the RPM in
establishing final actions and protective
restrictions at the site. The 2018 Five-Year
Review (U.S. EPA, 2018b) states that the
current remedy is protective in the short term
because, as result of the cleanup, no one is
currently exposed to contamination that
could pose an unacceptable risk. However,
land use restrictions are necessary to ensure
the remedy remains protective of human
health and the environment over the long
term.
Figure 12. C&R Battery Co., Inc. site includes soil,
sediment, and surface water contaminated with lead
and other hazardous chemicals from battery
dismantling (U.S. EPA. 2018b).
General Mills-Henkel Corp. (Region 5)
The General Mills-Henkel Corp. site in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, was used as a food research facility beginning in
1930 and was then used for chemical research from 1947 to
1977. Waste disposal operations between 1947 and 1962
contaminated soil and ground water with hazardous
chemicals (U.S. EPA, 2019f). After industrial operations
ceased m the 1980s a new property owner renovated
existing buildings, and the site is now home to several small
businesses.
An extensive program of vapor intrusion mitigation and
long-term ground water monitoring is ongoing. Related to
this, Region 5 requested a review of the existing background
data for the site and two specific documents—EPA
Technical Review and PRP Soil— to provide an expert
opinion on regional site issues and concerns. Two key
questions guided the review:
1. Can ratios of concentrations of various chlorinated
VOCs (cVOCs) in soil with similar properties to
one another be expected to lead to similar ratios of
concentrations, relative to one another, in ground
water?
Figure 13. The 7-acre General Mills-
Henkel Corp., considered a Superfund
redevelopment success, sits in the
northeastern part of Minneapolis,
Minnesota (U.S. EPA, 2014).
EaStjfiiennepi nrav.enue
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2. Is it possible to use the provided data to model concentrations of relative ratios of various cVOCs
that would have likely been present m the ground water if this soil was the only source of
contamination (i.e., no contribution from other upgradient sources)? Furthermore, if such modeling
is possible, would the results obtained (as ranges of concentrations or ratios for various cVOCs
relative to one another) provide reasonable confidence in such results?
The site documents were reviewed, and discussions were held with all parties. A final Technical
Memorandum providing the chemical and physical properties of the site VOCs, modeling estimates, and
technical opinions on the VOC concentration data for use in evaluating additional remediation options was
delivered September 2018.
Warmhouse Beach Dump (Region 10)
The Warmhouse Beach Dump Superfund site is located within the Makah Indian Reservation at the
northwestern tip of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington. The site includes a former open dump on top of
a ridge about 3 miles northwest of Neah Bay and two streams that originate withm the dump and flow to
East Beach and Warmhouse Beach. Municipal and household solid and hazardous wastes were disposed of
at the dump from the 1970s until 2012 when the Makah Tribe began operating a solid waste transfer station
on the reservation. Elevated levels of metals, perchlorate, and PCBs have been found in soil at the dump
and in sediment in both creeks (U.S. EPA, 2019g).
Figure 14. The Warmhouse Beach Dump sits 800 feet inland and 260 feet above the Strait of Juan
de Fuca in Washington (U.S. EPA, 2016).
The SCMTSC reviewed site materials for derivation of background concentrations of carcinogenic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs), metals, and dioxin. Multi-incremental sampling (MIS) was
performed on background decision units (DUs) and was compared with site DU MIS. The SCMTSC
commented that the background data set collected was not considered a representative background data set
for two reasons. First, not enough background incremental sampling methodology (ISM) samples were
collected and second, replicate ISM samples were collected from the background samples. Comments were
provided to Region 10 in March 2018, and the SCMTSC met separately with the site team and PRPs
afterwards.
For better characterization of site background, the SCMTSC recommended identifying many background
sampling units each of the same size to the site sampling units. From a statistical point of view, a minimum
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selection of six (8 to 10 are preferable) background SUs were endorsed to compute reasonable and
representative BTVs. Replicate samples were not required from background SUs if it could be confirmed
that selected SUs indeed represented background SUs. It was also recommended that one could optionally
collect some replicate samples (no more than three) from one of the background DUs to evaluate the
performance of the analytical method used. This could be done when collecting replicate samples from site
SUs. Following these recommendations would result in a representative background ISM data set. As
described in the March 2, 2018 technical memorandum, the background data set could then be used to
compute a representative 95%-95% upper tolerance limit (UTL) for performing site versus background
comparisons.
Other and Special Projects
The Other category of projects covers site document development, special laboratory analysis
or QA/QC activities, technology development, unique statistical and trend evaluations, and
other special characterization requests. Beyond hazardous waste site characterization,
SCMTSC special requests encompass waste and ecological characterization, monitoring, and
investigative issues including ones related to RCRA sites, faciltiy discharges, Brownfields,
spills, stream, lake, groundwater, and drinking water quality, air quality, septic, and
underground storage tanks. In FY18, SCMTSC provided technical support to two sites and
four special projects. Support provided for the site and project names bolded in the table below
are summarized in this section.
Support Provided by SCMTSC Site or Project Name
Site document development
B.F. Goodrich Site, Calvert City, Kentucky

(Region 4)
Special laboratory analysis and
Pilsen Area Soil Site Chicago, Illinois (Region 5)
QA/QC activities

Epsom Salt/Mercury in Concrete Remediation

Research Project (Region 4)
Technology development
Prototype Septic Sensor Verification Project

(Region 1 & 2)
Unique statistical evaluations
Algal Bloom and Occurrence of Toxic Algae

Project (Region 7)
Trend evaluations
OSRTI Collaborative Trend Analyses Project
B.F. Goodrich Site (Region 4)
The SCMTSC is continuing support at the Region 4 B.F. Goodrich site. SCMTSC developed a Final
Remedial Investigation Report, Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA), and Ecological Risk Assessment
(ERA) in August 2015. Additionally, the SCMTSC created a three-dimensional model of the subsurface
contamination to clarify visually where known contamination is entering the Tennessee River. Phase 2
sampling maps for continuation of the offshore investigation in the river were also prepared prior to a
sampling event conducted in mid-October 2016.
Models and maps were updated, and after discussions with the state, PRPs, and Office of Land and
Emergency Management (OLEM), the SCMTSC prepared the FS which contributed to Region 4's
preparation of a proposed plan. Nearly 300 pages of public comments were received on the proposed plan.
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The SCMTSC assisted with the response to technical comments on the Proposed Plan and provided
technical information for the ROD signed on September 5, 2018.
Prototype Septic Sensor Verification Project (Region 1 & 2)
In early 2017, EPA, in partnership with The Nature Conservancy, the USGS and others, launched the
"Advanced Septic System Nitrogen Sensor Challenge" to spur the development and design of a low-cost
nitrogen sensor package that could measure and monitor the performance of advanced nitrogen removal in
septic systems.
Phase 1 winning designs were announced at the June 2017 Sensor Showcase Day event. Region 1 and the
ORD partnership team were awarded ORD funding for a Regional/State Innovation Proj ect to support Phase
2: Prototype Performance Testing. The partnership team requested technical assistance from the SCMTSC
in developing and implementing the verification protocols and testing the sensors. The second round of
prototype pilot testing and field testing began in October 2018.
Epsom Salt/Mercury in Concrete Remediation Research Project (Region 4)
Region 4 is performing an ORD and Office of Science Policy Superfund and Technology Liaison Research-
(STLR) supported applied research project on the use of Epsom Salt (magnesium sulfate) solution in
mercury spill mitigation. The study involves the application of Epsom Salt solution after gross removal of
elemental mercury to mitigate residual mercury contamination on concrete surfaces to reduce mercury
vapors within work or residential air spaces to below risk-based concentrations. The Region requested
assistance with the specific mercury speciation analysis required to perform the study and review comments
on the study project plan. SCMTSC, ETSC, and the U.S. EPA Environmental Response Team (ERT)
provided review comments in May 2018, and the report was finalized. The laboratory work was performed
in early September 2018, and the sample analyses were completed in the fall of 2018.
Monitoring for Algal Bloom and Occurrence of Toxic Algae Project (Region 7)
The Region 7 project team for the Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) Program—Development of
Strategies and Methods for Monitoring for Algal Bloom and Occurrence of Toxic Algae Using Next
Generation Sequencing qPCR and PhyloChip Microarrays—requested statistical analysis of the project
sample data. The SCMTSC determined the best data analysis techniques for data produced by generation
sequencing qPCR and PhyloChip microarrays. After receiving data from Region 7, the SCMTSC reviewed
its format and ultimately determined original laboratory electronic data deliverables were needed for the
evaluation. For an efficient analysis, the data were put into an Access® database for querying. The SCMTSC
developed a data evaluation plan to investigate the relationships among the water quality, cyanobacteria,
chemical analysis, and lake/weather condition data. SAS programming was used to evaluate the
multivariate correlation and principal component analyses. The data set includes interval, ratio, binary, and
categorical data.
Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI)
Collaborative Trend Analyses Project
The SCMTSC is assisting OSRTI in identifying trends in the development and deployment of
environmental investigation and remediation technologies by analyzing large data pools related to the topic.
The overall goal of tracking this information is to identify opportunities for future investments in solutions
and in capturing and communicating technical and performance information for key environmental
technologies.
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Short-Term Technical Support Provided in FY18
In addition to the continuous support provided to Superfund sites, the SCMTSC addresses many short-term
requests on a weekly basis, including questions from state and local governments. Selected topics for short-
term assistance include determining the most appropriate statistics to estimate BTVs, addressing site
geophysical questions and selection of remediation options, performing trend evaluations on monitoring
data, and providing sampling plan review comments and sampling method recommendations. Examples of
the short-term assistance provided in FY 18 include the following:
¦	Addressed a professional geologist's inquiries about computing BTVs based upon data sets with
low frequency of detected observations and later reviewed data sets in question and provided
guidance for a lead-contaminated site in Delaware.
¦	Provided reference documents for determining background concentrations to the Central
Chemical Site RPM in Region 3.
¦	Reviewed site data and addressed statistical questions of a Region 9 toxicologist about identifying
outliers and computing BTV estimates for analytes of interest at the Leviathan Mine site.
¦	Assisted the Fulton Site RPM in Region 2 with identifying technical support options, including
assessing site biodegradation with isotopic degradation and modeling, determining possible
sources of trichloroethylene (TCE), and determining ground water flow dynamics in the study
area for OU 2.
¦	Assisted the Lawrence Livermore Site RPM in Region 9 with determining support needs for
interpretation of Background Reference Area study results, including depleted uranium at the
Lawrence Livermore Site 300.
ProLICL Support
The Superfund cleanup process is complex, frequently requiring
technical assistance to address statistical issues associated with
various projects on polluted sites. Establishing and
implementing appropriate cleanup plans is a long-term process
that involves a team of decision makers from across EPA and
external stakeholders. Since 2001, the SCMTSC has helped
these decision makers make statistically defensible decisions
through the free ProUCL software (https://www.epa.gov/land-
research/proucl-software).
The SCMTSC provides short-term ProUCL assistance,
including guidance on extracting site-specific background data
from broader pooled on-site data sets; determining the most
appropriate statistics to estimate BTVs; teaching differences
between upper confidence limit (UCL) of mean and a two-sided
confidence interval of mean; illustrating the differences between
various decision statistics, like a 95% UCL of mean, a 95%
upper prediction limit (UPL95), and a 95%-95% upper tolerance
limit (UTL95-95); computing correct estimates of exposure
point concentration (EPC) terms for moderately skewed and
highly skewed data sets; and performing proportion tests and
interpretation of test statistics, trend evaluations, trend graphs,
and trend test statistics.
ProUCL
As the fourth most downloaded ORD
tool on the EPA Website, ProUCL
helps users compute rigorous and
defensible statistics and use
graphical tools to analyze
environmental data.
ProUCL allows users to:
¦	address site evaluation issues
like comparing background data
sets,
¦	perform hypotheses tests,
¦	establish background-level
contaminant concentrations,
¦	estimate EPCs,
¦	perform trend evaluations, and
¦	identify outliers and unusual
observations present in
environmental data sets.
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Examples of short-term ProUCL support provided in FY 18 include the following:
¦	Assisted North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality - Division of Water Resources
(Region 4) on how to deal with duplicates when performing outlier tests, Dixon, or Rosner tests.
¦	Addressed RCRA contractor inquiries about use of the continuity correction factor for normal
approximation to binomial distribution when using a One-Sample Sign Test.
¦	Addressed Michigan Department of Environmental Quality inquiries about the use of 99% UCLs
suggested by ProUCL.
¦	Addressed a Colorado graduate student's questions concerning using ProUCL to impute
nondetect values using a lognormal Regression on Order Statistics.
¦	Addressed an international (India) graduate teaching assistant's questions concerning data results
using the Mann-Kendall test (MK Test) in ProUCL.
¦	Assisted a Laser Safety Officer at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with using
ProUCL to aid in developing a radiological release and clearance program.
ProUCL remains relevant and heavily used over a decade past its initial development. It was one of the top
five downloadable tools in FY18 on ORD's Tool Tracking Index. Future efforts to maintain ProUCL and
support EPA users and external customers include additional training and a program update scheduled for
FY20.
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References
Gardiner, J., Azzato, B., & M. Jacobi, editors. 2005. Coastal and Estuarine Hazardous Waste Site Reports,
August 2005. Seattle: Coastal Protection and Restoration Division, Office of Response and
Restoration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Available at
.
Accessed on July 24, 2019.
NYSDoH (New York State Department of Health) Center for Environmental Health. 2019. Health
Consultation: Evaluation of Shallow Residential Soils Arsenic Mine Site Town of Kent, Putnam
County, New York EPA Facility ID: NYD982531469. Prepared under a Cooperative Agreement
with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry Division of Community Health Investigations. Available at
. Accessed
on July 26, 2019.
U.S. EPA. 2014. Reuse and the Benefit to Community General Mills/Henkel Corp. Superfund Site.
Available at .
U.S. EPA. 2016. Warmhouse Beach Dump Superfund Site, Neah Bay, WA Community Involvement Plan
10-24-16. Available at .
U.S. EPA. 2017a. Case Summary: EPA Orders FMC to Perform $57 Million Cleanup Action at Former
Phosphorus Processing Facility in Idaho. Available at https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/case-
.
U.S. EPA. 2017b. Community Update No. 2: EPA Continues Soil Investigation at the Arsenic Mines Site
located in Kent, Putnam County, New York. Available at
. Accessed on July
24. 2019.
U.S. EPA. 2018a. Fact Sheet: Pompton Lakes Study Area Pompton Lakes, New Jersey Dredging/Site
Restoration. Available at . Accessed on July 26, 2019.
U.S. EPA. 2018b. Fifth Five-Year Review Report for C&R Co., Inc. Superfund Site Chesterfield County,
VA. Available at . Accessed on July 26,
2019.
U.S. EPA. 2019a. Westlake Landfill Bridgeton, MO Cleanup Activities. Available at
. Accessed on July 17. 2019.
U.S. EPA. 2019b. Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco, CA Cleanup Activities. Available at
. Accessed on July 18. 2019.
U.S. EPA. 2019c. Tar Creek Superfund Site Strategic Plan Cleanup Progress & Plans for the Future.
Available at . Accessed on July 24. 2019.
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U.S. EPA. 2019d. Using Predictive Methods to Assess Exposure and Fate Under TSCA. Available at
. Accessed on July 24, 2019.
U.S. EPA. 2019e. C & R Battery Co., Inc. Chesterfield County, VA. Available at
. Accessed on July 26, 2019.
U.S. EPA. 2019f. General Mills/Henkel Corp. Minneapolis, MN. Available at
. Accessed on July 17,
2019. Accessed on July 26, 2019.
U.S. EPA. 2019g. Makah Reservation Warmhouse Beach Dump, Neah Bay, WA. Cleanup Activities.
Available at
. Accessed on July 24, 2019.
U.S. EPA OSC Response. 2017. Vo-Toys Mercury Air Monitoring in Building B. Available at
https://response.epa.gov/site/image zoom.aspx?site id=.1.2742&counter=3.1.6349&categorv=.
Accessed on July 24, 2019.
USGS. 2015. Background Groundwater Quality, Review of 2012-14 Groundwater Data, and Potential
Origin of Radium at the West Lake Landfill Site, St. Louis County, Missouri. Administrative
Report Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. Missouri Water Science Center for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7. Interagency Agreement DW-14-92380501.
Available at . Accessed on July 24, 2019.
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OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(8101R) WASHINGTON, DC 20460
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