STERN ABANDONED URANIUM MINE REGION
Y IWOLVEMENT PLAN
Ł% United States
Environmental Protection
TmW tal JrmAgency
OCTOBER 2016
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INTRODUCTION
Navajo Nation was the site of widespread
uranium mining from 1944 to 1986. While
uranium mining no longer occurs within Navajo
Nation, the legacy of uranium contamination
remains. More than 500 abandoned uranium
mine (AUM) claims, as well as homes and drink-
ing water sources with elevated levels of radiation,
are spread throughout Navajo Nation. More
than 100 of these AUM claims are located in and
near an area the United States Environmental
Protection Agency ( EPA) calls the Western
AUM Region (see map on opposite page). The
Western AUM Region is only a portion of Navajo
Nations Western Agency and includes Cameron,
Coalmine Canyon, Bodaway/Gap, Tuba City,
Leupp, Coppermine, and Lechee Chapters.
Under the Federal Superfund program, EPA is
collaborating with Navajo Nation Environmental
Protection Agency (NNEPA) to oversee
uranium mine assessments and cleanups on
Navajo Nation. This Community Involvement
Plan (CIP) is a living document to guide com-
munity members and EPA. The CIP outlines
mam
AUM: Abandoned
uranium mine
opportunities for individual participation and
meaningful information sharing regarding EPAs
AUM activities. 'I he document also outlines
specific outreach activities to meet the following
goals in the Western AUM Region:
Provide community members with accurate,
timely, and understandable information
about EPA abandoned uranium mine
activities that is considerate of their com-
munication preferences and culture.
Coordinate with community members and
tribal leaders to ensure that EPA understands
community concerns and considers commu-
nity goals in its decision making process.
To put this plan together, EPA and NNEPA
conducted a series of interviews with com-
munity members, local tribal officials, and other
stakeholders in the Western AUM Region from
April to July 2014. EPA and NNEPA conducted
interviews: both in individual and group set-
tings. Hie interviews focused on the Cameron,
Coalmine Canyon, and Bodaway/Gap Chapters,
because the majority of AUM claims in the
Western AUM Region are located in these areas.
Information from those interviews, along with
information from EPA experiences in the com-
munity and from additional reports, were used to
prepare this CIP.
0 Warning sign near A&B No. 3
Abandoned Uranium Mine
EPA also requested the assistance of EPAs
Technical Assistance Services for Communities
(TASC) program during the CIP interview pro-
cess. EPA requested the TASC program conduct a
Technical Assistance Needs Assessment (TANA)
to better identify community needs related to ura-
nium contamination. TASC contractors assisted
EPA with community meetings, discussions
and follow-up activities. TASC then formulated
recommendations (known as the TANA and
provided in this document s appendices), based
on the needs identified during this process.
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8S Navajo Nation Abandoned Uranium Mines
Community Involvement Plan
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COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
PLAN ORGANIZATION
3
THE
This section provides a brief community profile and identifies
COMMUNITY
concerns and preferences raised during the community interviews.
9
THE
This section explains the tools EPA will use to share information with
COMMUNITY
the community, and outlines opportunities for community members
INVOLVEMENT
to provide input during EPA's process. This section also provides
ACTION PLAN
EPA and NNEPA contact information.
17
APPENDICES
The appendices include information about:
Abandoned uranium mines in the Western AUM Region
Other uranium concerns in the Western AUM Region
EPA Superfund Process on Navajo Nation
EPA information repository
Newspaper and radio communication
Glossary
List of acronyms
Technical Assistance Needs Assessment Recommendations
Additional Contacts
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THE COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY PROFILE
The Western AUM Region is located on the
western side of Navajo Nation, and includes the
areas of Navajo Nation roughly between Flagstaff,
AZ and Page, AZ. This region is made up of 7
Navajo Nation Chapters, including Cameron,
Coalmine Canyon, Bodaway/Gap, Tuba City,
Leupp, Coppermine, and Lechee. Within the
region, abandoned uranium mines are located in
Cameron, Coalmine Canyon, Bodaway/Gap, and
Leupp Chapters.
The Western AUM Region is only a portion
of Navajo Nations larger Western Agency. The re-
gion lies entirely within Coconino County (AZ).
The Western AUM Region borders other Navajo
Nation Chapters as well as the Hopi. Reservation
to the east, and surrounds the Moenkopi Villages
on the Hopi Reservation just south of Tuba City.
Most mines in the region are accessed using
Highway 89 or Indian Route 6730 along the Little
Colorado River.
Nearly all of the Western AUM Region is within
the former Bennett Freeze area. In 1966, Robert
Bennett, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
director, halted development on tribal land
claimed by both the Navajo and Hopi tribes. Hie
Bennett Freeze limited Navajo and Hopi residents
01 Navajo Nation Abandoned
Uranium Mines
from developing their communities, including
building or repairing homes, improving roads
or infrastructure, or connecting structures to
electric, gas, or water lines. As a result, the former
Bennett Freeze area is less developed than other
parts of Navajo Nation. With the lifting of the
Western AUM Region
Navajo Abandoned Uranium Mine Sites
Gamma Radiation Measurements
Bitter Springs
Shonto
Western AUM Region
*
H
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% <"
Legend
Contaminated Water Sources
Mine > 10 x Background
Ž Mine > 2 x Background
Mine < 2 x Background
Mine Not Accessible
I I AUM Region
l I Navajo Nation Chapter Boundary
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3 Miles
10
Hotevilla-Bacavi
Kykotsmovi Vil
Shongopovf. Shun
Secor
3A-PHS-32 Paddock Well
0 03A-155/Tohatchi Spring
3A-PHS-35^Badger Springs
^5M-?4/75 Box Spring
Community Involvement Plan
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Bennett Freeze in 2009, local communities are
discussing and planning projects that will benefit
residents in the area. Options for future land use
and development are also being considered on a
regional level.
Community Overview
The Western AUM Region includes population
centers such as Cameron and Tuba City, where
residents generally have more access to resources
such as regulated water. Many residents, espe-
cially in more rural areas, drive long distances
to reach Chapter Houses, grocery stores, and
regulated water hauling points.
Many community members in the region graze
sheep, cattle, and horses near their homesites
and sheepcamps. Most of the land in the region
is used for grazing and farming. Various plants
in the region are also used for medicinal and
traditional purposes.
Economics
According to the Navajo Nation Division of
Economic Development, most jobs on Navajo
Nation are in the government and service sectors
(including schools, hospitals, and hotels and
motels). Additionally, many activities of the
Navajo Nation economy are unreported, such as
selling arts & crafts or food at food stalls. Even
with these activities, the unemployment rate for
the Navajo Nation is substantially higher than the
U.S. national average.1
@ Little Colorado River near Cameron
While economic information is not collected
specifically for the Western AUM Region, the
government and service employment sectors are
visible in the region. Tourism is also a visible
part of the economy. The region features a desert
landscape that includes parts of the Painted
Desert, the Echo Cliffs ofBodaway/Gap Chapter,
and part of the Little Colorado River near the
Grand Canyon. Jewelry stands, concession
vendors, and trading posts catering to passing
'The Navajo Nation Division of Economic
Development. 2009-2010 Comprehensive
Economic Development Strategy of the Navajo
Nation.
tourists can be seen along Highway 89, a main
paved road that passes through the region and
connects the cities of Flagstaff and Page.
Demographics
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, there are
more than 15,000 people living in the Western
AUM Region. Those living in the region are
primarily Native American - many Chapters in
the region have Native American populations
that are above 95%. While the majority of
Native Americans in the Western AUM Region
are Navajo, members of the San Juan Southern
Paiute tribe and Hopi tribe also live in the region.
The languages spoken in the region are primarily
English and Navajo. In Cameron Chapter, where
4 Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
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a large number of the abandoned uranium mines
in the region are located, EPA has interacted with
many community members that either speak
only Navajo or don't feel comfortable express-
ing themselves in English. According to the
2009-2013 American Community Survey more
than half of community members in Cameron
Chapter (over 55%) speak a language other than
English at home. Around a third of community
members in Cameron (about 35%) report
speaking English "less than very well".
COMMUNITY CONCERNS
AND PREFERENCES
To better understand the community its cul-
ture, and concerns, EPA and NNEPA inter-
viewed community members, local officials, and
stakeholders in the Western AUM Region. All
interviewees had kn owledge of the abandoned
uranium, mines in the area. However, many were
surprised by the total number of mines and were
unfamiliar with EPA's role on Navajo Nation.
Many community members shared stories about
family members that worked in the mines, swim-
ming in a pit lake that formed at an abandoned
mine, or working on mine reclamation.
All interviewees shared the concern that mines'
cleanup be thorough, protective, lasting, and
timely. Many also shared the difficulty of avoid-
ing mine areas, as most mines are unmarked and
not easily recognizable. While community mem-
bers expressed frustration at the delay in federal
government involvement in mine cleanup, most
welcomed EPA's current efforts in the area.
Community concerns and preferences are
outlined in this section, and EPA's community
involvement action plan is outlined in the next
section. The action plan will explain the tools
EPA will use to share information with the com-
munity while addressing the concerns listed here.
Some concerns are in the scope of EPA's work on
abandoned uranium mines, and can be addressed
by EPA working with the community and tribal
leaders directly. For concerns outside of EPA's
scope, EPA will collaborate with other federal,
tribal, and community organizations.
Community concerns and preferences are
grouped into the following categories:
1. Abandoned Uranium Mine Cleanup Concerns
2. Development & Future Land Use
3. Water Concerns
4. Flealth Concerns
5. Communication & Information Preferences
Abandoned Uranium Mine
Cleanup Concerns
Many interviewees discussed their concerns
about community involvement in the cleanup
process. Community members and local officials
requested timely updates be provided to Chapter
officials and committees, affected families, and
the general community. Many community
members expressed concern about whether their
input would be considered in the decision making
process. Community members and local officials
also asked for clarification on the roles of various
agencies and organizations, and noted the need
for more education about EPA's cleanup process.
Community Concerns
and Preferences
Community Involvement Plan
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Several concerns about the cleanup itself were
shared as well. Community members and local
officials worry about effects of the cleanup,
including the transportation of hazardous
materials through the community Community
members are concerned that monsoon rains will
affect any cover placed on abandoned uranium
mines. Interviewees also shared concerns about
long term monitoring of the cleanup and the
continued availability of funding for these efforts.
Some were concerned about the need for reloca-
tion of families during mine cleanup.
Interviewees were also worried about the effects
of cleanup activi ties on tourism in the region, as
tourism is a significant source of income for many
residents. Several community members also
shared their strong preference for local Navajo
people to be hired for cleanup work in the area.
Finally community members and local officials
expressed various concerns related to fencing
abandoned uranium mines during assessment
and cleanup activities. Some suggested EPA
educate community members about the purpose
of the fences, in order to discourage them from
entering mine areas. Others were concerned
about vandalism of fences, and noted that EPA
should seek community support in monitoring
them. Some community members and local
officials were concerned that fences around
abandoned uranium mines would be EPA's
permanent solution, or that the fences would
serve to maintain the area for future mining.
S! Charles Huskon No. 26 Abandoned
Uranium Mine
Development & Future Land Use
Hie Bennett Freeze deeply affected development
in much of the Western AUM Region. Hie lifting
of the Bennett Freeze in 2009 has led to the
planning of new development for the region.
Many community members, local officials,
and stakeholders are concerned that mine
cleanup will affect new and ongoing development
efforts. Interviewees also expressed concerns
about future land use in the former mine areas.
Specifically, interviewees are worried that
businesses and housing might be unintention-
ally developed on or near abandoned uranium
mines. Community members and local officials
6 Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
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C Information about
Cameron drinking water is
provided in the appendix
expressed the need for robust communication
between EPA, Navajo Nation, and Chapter Land
Use Planning Committees as well as grazing
committees.
Community members and local officials also
shared their thoughts about future land use of
mine areas. Some questioned whether the land
will ever be safe for humans or livestock. Many
expressed their preference that the land be
returned safely to farming and grazing use. Other
community members and local officials were
interested in using the land for economic uses
such as solar power generation. Questions were
asked about the EPA Brownfields program (the
Brownfields program cleans up and reinvests in
properties that have or potentially have contami-
nants on site). Most agreed that the land should
not simply be fenced off and restricted from use
by current and future residents. Finally some
interviewees were concerned that the areas would
be developed for mining again in the future.
Water Concerns
Water quality and access to water were among the
most important environmental issues in the area.
Many community members and local officials
expressed concerns that water sources have
been contaminated by abandoned uranium
mines. Some asked about the water quality of
the Little Colorado River and whether uranium
contamination would prevent use of the water
for local farming or by livestock. Many were
concerned about the contamination of local
wells. Some are also worried about health risks to
community members and livestock from rain-
water that runs off of mines and towards homes,
livestock corrals, and agriculture fields.
Community members also expressed concerns
about access to safe drinking water in the Western
AUM Region. Most Cameron residents shared
their discomfort with drinking Cameron public
water, and many wondered if their water was
contaminated with uranium, (information
about Cameron drinking water is provided in
the appendix). Others described difficulties in
accessing regulated water, especially those in the
Gray Mountain and Black Falls areas who drive
long distances to haul water from regulated water-
ing points. Finally, community members and
local officials expressed concerns about effects of
the mines on groundwater and its future use as a
drinking water source.
Health Concerns
Many community members and local officials
wanted education and better recommendations
for reducing their contact with uranium, and
wanted to better understand the risks of everyday
activities. Interviewees also asked about the
effects of spending time on mines. They wanted
to learn more about priority mines where EPA
and NNEPA are focusing initial cleanup efforts.
Many community members and local officials
asked about the effects of dust blowing from the
mines. They were also concerned about livestock
grazing in mine areas and drinking from contami-
nated water sources, and risks to human health
from consuming these animals. Some asked for
information about the screening of local homes
for radon and radiation. Many interviewees wTere
also concerned about the effects of drinking water
or farming with uranium contaminated water.
Many community members shared stories about
t heir own illnesses or illnesses of their loved ones.
Community members requested information
about mobile clinics, uranium clinics, and contact
information for agencies and organizations that
could assist with diagnosis or treatment. Some
requested information on the differences between
uranium effects and radiation effects.
0 Community members haul
drinking water near Black Falls
Community Involvement Plan
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Many community members and local officials
also shared their frustration with the lack of
information about health effects of uranium and
radiation on Navajo Nation. Interviewees dis-
cussed health effects such as (but not limited to) eye
problems, heart problems, Navajo Neuropathy
and miscarriages. They expressed interest in
understanding which health conditions may be
related to uranium and radiation exposure.
Additionally community members, local officials,
and other stakeholders all expressed frustra-
tion with compensation. Many community
members noted that the Radiation Exposure
Compensation Act (RECA) is difficult to qualify
for. They also noted that RECA does not account
for additional hardships, such as lost water wells,
lost animals, lost grazing land, and effects on
family members of miners.
Communication &
Information Preferences
Many community members shared their prefer-
ences for communication and receiving informa-
tion. Most agreed EPA should be transparent
about work in the region and strive to include
all community members. Many requested that
EPA help the community to form a group that
can assist in sharing information with the larger
community.
Community members want EPA to keep elected
officials, especially at the Chapter level, updated
on all work in the area. At the same time, the
degree of trust of government representatives was
not uniform, especially in the area of the former
Bennett Freeze. Many community members
01 EPA and NNEPA presentation at Bodaway/Gap Chapter meeting
requested that EPA share information directly
through community channels.
Most community members and local officials
recommended that EPA share information pri-
marily in written form, and include many pictures
and maps. They stressed that information should
be simple and easy to understand. Most recom-
mended written information be shared with
community members through regular mailings.
Additionally community members and local
officials were concerned about hard to reach
groups, such as young people, those who live in
remote locations, and those without the time or
resources to attend meetings. They mentioned
that the cost of gas or childcare can be a barrier
for community members who are interested
in attending EPA events. Most recommended
regularly mailed updates as well as radio an-
nouncements for remote community members.
Many also requested that information be readily
available, both online and locally. Finally, some
community members noted that Facebook is a
useful tool for communicating on Navajo Nation,
8 Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
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THE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
ACTION PLAN
After interviewing community members, local
officials, and stakeholders to better understand
community concerns and preferences, EPA
prepared this community involvement action
plan for the Western AUM Region. This action
plan ou tlines the tools EPA will use to share
information with the community Hie action
plan also outlines how EPA will make itself
available to receive input from the community
that will be considered in the decision making
process. Finally the action plan details EPA's
recognition of tribal government and interaction
with government officials.
Timing information is included with each
outreach tool to help community members
understand when EPA will conduct outreach
activities and what type of activities to expect.
Community members can also contact the EPA
Community Involvement Coordinator with
questions about future outreach activities.
EPA understands that many residents, especially
elders, are Navajo language speakers. In order
to help facilitate inclusion of all community
members, EPA will have an interpreter or tribal
representative present during informational meet-
ings, open houses, and door-to-door outreach.
EPA typically conducts outreach wi th a represen-
tative from NNEPA present as well. Interviewees
recommended EPA printed materials be
presented in English, as English is the primary
written language in the region.
TOOLS FOR SHARING
INFORMATION
Community members can discuss
concerns with EPA whenever a represen-
tative is in the area, or contact the EPA
Community Involvement Coordinator by
phone, email, or mail at any time.
EPA and NNEPA interviews with community members in Cameron
Interviewees noted a significant need for EPA
to share information about abandoned uranium,
mines in the region. Community members and
local officials expressed they lack information
about the current status of uranium mine cleanup
and the EPA cleanup process. They would like
to be updated regularly on progress. EPA will
use the following tools to provide information
to community members in the Western AUM
Region:
Community Involvement Plan
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Tools for Sharing Information
o-
EPA factsheets
and community
newsletters
@
Email list
updates
Twice a year Once a month
B S
Door-to-door
outreach
When field
work is going
to take place
Presentations
at schools
Special events,
i.e. fairs and
gatherings
As requested Once a year
AM M
Coordination
with other
agencies
Ongoing
Job training
programs
As needed
depending
on upcoming
work
Opportunities for EPA to Learn from the Community
\
EPA presentations
When major work is planned,
when a new AUM-related legal
agreement is final, and as
requested
EPA informational gatherings
As needed depending on
upcoming work and community
concerns that need in depth
discussion
Community group meetings
As determined by community
group
10 Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
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Written Communication
Topics for Future Written
Communications
EPA Superfund Process
Roles of Different Agencies
Water in the Western AUM Region
Health Studies and Uranium Clinics
Topics from Past Written
Communications
Western AUM Region Maps
Western AUM Region Factsheet
Health Factsheets
Agencies to Contact with Questions
Factsheet
Most interviewees expressed a preference for
receiving written communication from EPA.
Additionally, community members and local
officials noted written communications are an
effective tool for reaching remote residents. They
stressed that written communication be short and
simple, and include as many graphics as possible.
Factsheets & Newsletters
Historically EPA has provided written commu-
nications through EPA factsheets. A community
group in the Cameron area has also expressed
interest in writing community newsletters fo-
cused on uranium issues. EPA will aim to provide
written communication twice a year, either as
EPA factsheets or as support to the community
group newsletter.
EPA will use written communication both to
provide updates on work taking place in the
region and to cover topics in greater depth, in
response to community need. Interviewees
have already identified some topics, such as: the
EPA cleanup process and the roles of different
agencies; information about water in the Western
AUM Region; and information about health stud-
ies and uranium clinics in the area. Community
members on the EPA mailing list will likely
receive information, such as EPA factsheets or
postcard meeting invitations, every three to six
months.
Email Lists
EPA uses email lists to update community
members on EPA activities and events hosted
by other organizations, such as workshops and
clinics. Generally, EPA sends these emails about
once a month. EPA includes community partners
in these emails, such as Chapter officials, local
organizations and schools, and local post offices.
These partners are encouraged to spread the word
about these events for community members who
do not have email access.
EPA has shared the following materials with com-
munity members in the Western AUM Region:
Western AUM Region Maps
EPA created maps of the Western AUM
Region showing abandoned uranium mines,
contaminated water sources, regulated watering
points, and landmarks such as highways and
Chapter Houses. These maps have been shared
with Chapters and community groups, and are
available upon request.
Western AUM Region Factsheet
EPA created a factsheet providing background
information on mines in the area (and including
the Western AUM Region map) as well as water
and health concerns. This factsheet was shared
with local officials, community members, and
sent to the mailing list in fall 2014.
Health Factsheets
EPA worked with the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
and other partner agencies to create a series of
Contact the EPA Community
Involvement Coordinator to be
added to the mailing list.
Community Involvement Plan 11
Š
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factsheets on uranium and radiation in Navajo
Nation. These factsheets discuss uranium and
radiation basics, health effects of uranium and
radiation, and how to reduce contact with
uranium and radiation.
Resource List Factsheet
EPA worked with partner agencies to create a
factsheet to help community members deter-
mine the correct agency to contact for different
questions related to uranium or radiation on
Navajo Nation.
These materials are available on the EPA website
(https://epa.gov/ r9uraniumcleanup/western-
abandoned-uranium-mine-region), and commu-
nity members can request copies by contacting
the EPA Community Involvement Coordinator.
Door-to-door Outreach
Many community members and local officials
expressed concerns that information should
be shared specifically with families that live or
have grazing permits near priority mines and
mines where work will take place. EPA will share
information and discuss concerns with these
residents through door-to-door outreach by
EPA staff or community liaisons. EPA will also
coordinate with local officials to contact grazing
permit holders and homesite lease holders near
these mine areas.
Schools that are interested in a
presentation can contact the EPA
Community Involvement Coordinator.
Presentations at Schools
Many interviewees suggested EPA present
information about local uranium issues to schools
in the area. This type of outreach was seen as
effective both for engaging young people and for
providing information to families. EPA presented
information about uranium mines and warning
signs to students at Dzil Libei Elementary School
in Cameron and has been collaborating with the
Northern Arizona University Environmental
Education Outreach Program, which works with
high schools in Tuba City and other parts of
Navajo Nation.
EPA will reach out to schools in the Western
AUM Region and will continue presentations de-
pending on school and staff availability. Schools
that are interested in a presentation can contact
the EPA Community Involvement Coordinator.
Special Events
The Western AUM Region has various events
that EPA maybe able to attend. These events are
an opportunity to have informal communication
with local residents. EPA has identified the
following events to participate in:
Western Navajo Nation Fair
In mid-October thousands of residents from
across the Western AUM Region attend the
yearly Western Navajo Nation Fair. The fair is
an excellent yearly opportunity to engage with
community members. EPA attended in October
2014 and 2015 and was able to provide informa-
tion about uranium concerns in the area.
EPA presentation at Dzil Libei
Elementary School in Cameron
Cameron Community Celebration
I he Cameron community hosts a celebrati on
each year on the same weekend as the Western
Navajo Nation Fair. Hundreds of Cameron
community members attend each year. EPA
attended in October 2014 and 2015, and found
the celebration to be an effective way to engage
with local community members.
Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
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Information Repositories
Check out the repository or
visit the website: https://epa.
gov/r9uraniumcleanup/western-
abandoned-uranium-mine-region
Contact the EPA Community
Involvement Coordinator if your school
or group would like to host an additional
repository location
Tuba City Flea Market
There is a weekly flea market in Tuba City that
occurs every Friday EPA will aim to set up a
booth once a year to discuss uranium issues with
community members in the area.
Information Repository
Several interviewees noted that information
should be made available to all community
members, both online and locally
As a part of the Superfund process, EPA
maintains a set of documents and information
locally where it can be easily accessed by the
public in printed and DVD copies. This is called
the "Information Repository." Information
repositories contain copies of technical or plan-
ning documents, factsheets, results of previous
meetings, and other similar types of information.
Hie main Information Repository for the Western
AUM Region is the Tuba City Branch Library
(see repository information in the appendix).
However, it is important to provide documents to
local Chapters and community partners as well.
EPA has created an information center at the
Cameron Chapter House and is open to creating
additional information centers with interested
schools and community groups. Interested
schools and community groups can contact the
EPA Community Involvement Coordinator.
EPA Website
EPA's website will be updated regularly with
cleanup information and important documents.
Information is available online at:
https://epa.gov/r9uraniumcleanup/
western-abandoned-uranium-mine-region
Coordination with Other Agencies
and Organizations
It was apparent from interviews that better
coordination is needed between organizations
that are working on uranium issues in the area.
Community members and local officials are often
unsure of the missions of different organizations,
and find it difficult to stay updated on progress
and events hosted by the various groups.
As part of the new Five-Year Plan (2014-2018),
federal and Navajo agencies are creating a
community outreach network to coordinate
efforts across Navajo Nation. In addition, EPA
is working to strengthen ties with other federal,
tribal, and community organizations in the
Western AUM Region. EPA will also provide
information to community members about the
roles of different organizations and events hosted
by various groups in the area.
EPA will continue to strengthen relationships
with:
Navajo Nation Environmental Protection
Agency (NNEPA)
Navajo Nation Abandoned Mine Lands
Program (NNAML)
Indian Health Service Community Uranium
Exposure-Journey to Healing (CUE-JTH)
program
Indian Health Service Radiation Exposure
Screening and Education Program (RESHP)
Navajo Birth Cohort Study staff, especially
the Clinical Cohort Liaisons (CCLs) and
Community Flealth Environmental Research
Staff (CHERS)
P EPA meeting with BIA in Tuba City
Community Involvement Plan
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Navajo Nation Department of Health
Community Health Representatives (CHRs)
Federal Five-Year Plan Partners, including
the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Indian
Health Service (1HS), Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Control (ATSDR),
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and
Department of Energy (DOE)
Research universities, including the University
of New Mexico (UNM) and Northern Arizona
University (NAU)
Forgotten People Community Development
Corporation
Coconino County Board of Supervisors
Chapter-level Community Land Use Planning
Committees
Others as suggested by community members
and local officials
Uranium Awareness
Outreach Campaign
EPA has been working with ATSDR to increase
awareness among Navajo people about uranium
issues on Navajo Nation.
EPA, ATSDR, and 11 IS developed a series of
posters for ten geographic regions of Navajo
Nation, including a Tuba City area poster that
corresponds to the Western AUM Region. These
posters feature a map showing locations of
abandoned uranium mines, contaminated water
05 EPA and NNEPA presentation at
Bodaway/Gap Chapter meeting
sources, regulated watering points, and other
landmarks. These posters also include informa-
tion about warning signs, reducing contact with
uranium on Navajo Nation, and maintaining good
health.
IHS and the CHRs distributed these posters to
IHS Health Clinics and Chapters across Navajo
Nation. To prepare for this outreach, EPA, IHS,
and ATSDR trained the CIIRs on information
contained in the posters. EPA will continue to
coordinate with IHS, ATSDR, and the CHRs on
uranium awareness outreach.
Several interviewees suggested that EPA use
radio and newspaper to increase awareness about
uranium issues on Navajo Nation. The appendix
lists additional information about newspapers
and radio stations EPA will use for outreach in the
Western AUM Region.
Job Training Programs
Several community members expressed their
strong preference for hiring local Navajo
community members for EPA cleanup work.
Community members value working on their
own land and see local job opportunities as away
to increase community knowledge about uranium
issues on Navajo Nation.
Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
-------
Key Contacts
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
ZiZi Angelica Searles
Remedial Project Manager
75 Hawthorne St., SFD-6-2
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 972-3178
searles.zizi(a)epa.gov
Amanda Pease
Community Involvement Coordinator
Remedial Project Manager - Section 9 Lease
75 Hawthorne St., SFD-6-2
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 972-3068
pease.amanda(a)epa.gov
Navajo Nation Environmental
Protection Agency
Navajo Superfund Program
Navajo EPA, Box 2946
Window Rock, AZ 86515
(800) 314-1846
EPA awarded an Environmental Workforce
Development and Jobs Training grant in 2014 to
NAU to train Navajo residents for environmental
cleanup jobs and provide job placement as-
sistance. This training targeted residents living
in communities affected by uranium mining
for training programs in 2014 and 2015. EPA
will consider additional job training programs
throughout the cleanup process through this
grant as well as continued collaboration with
NAU and/or EPA's Superfund Job Training
Initiative. EPA will use the outreach methods
described previously to inform community
members about these opportunities.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR
EPA TO LEARN FROM
THE COMMUNITY Ś
In addition to sharing information, EPA will use
various techniques to give community members
opportunities to provide meaningful input and
ensure that community concerns are considered
in the EPA cleanup process. In addition to the
opportunities outlined here, community mem-
bers can provide input at any time by contacting
the EPA Community Involvement Coordinator.
EPA Presentations
EPA periodically makes presentations at local
meetings in the Western AUM Region. These
meetings include Chapter meetings, Community
Land Use Planning Committee meetings,
and both Chapter and District Level Grazing
Meetings. These short presentations provide
time for community members to ask questions
and give feedback. Typically, EPA will make
presentations when major work is planned in an
area, when a new AUM-related legal agreement
is final, periodically to increase awareness about
EPA work, and as requested by Chapter officials
and community members.
EPA Informational Gatherings
Many interviewees recommended EPA also
host informational gatherings, especially when
more time is needed for deep engagement with
community members. Examples for these types
of meetings include discussion about signs and
fences in a region, cleanup options for a mine or
group of mines, large amounts of work planned
for an area, or particular community concerns
that need to be discussed in depth.
Depending on the topics to be discussed, the
following formats are recommended:
Meetings and Open Houses - larger commu-
nity meetings that may include EPA presenta-
tions, information presented on posters, and
time for the community to ask questions and
give feedback.
Small Venue Meetings and Focus Groups -
smaller and more informal gatherings focusing
on a particular geographic region, interested
group, or extended family.
Your input is important. Please provide
input at any time by contacting the EPA
Community Involvement Coordinator.
Community Involvement Plan
-------
Technical Assistance Services for
Communities
Contact the EPA Community Involvement
Coordinator if you are interested in learning
more about technical assistance services
that EPA can provide to community groups.
Summary
EPA, together with NNEPA, interviewed
community members, local officials, and
other stakeholders in the Western AUM
Region from April 2014 to July 2014. EPA
used information from these interviews
to learn about community concerns and
prepare this Community Involvement Plan.
EPA would like to thank interviewees and
the communities for their time, patience,
and willingness to share their stories and
concerns with us.
EPA recognizes that receiving input and
feedback from community members is
crucial to the success of uranium cleanup
on Navajo Nation. EPA will continue to
work closely with community members and
elected officials in our cleanup process, as
outlined in this Community Involvement
Plan. Additionally, community members
are always welcome to provide input by
contacting EPA's Community Involvement
Coordinator.
Listening Sessions - opportunities for com-
munity members to share their thoughts and
concerns with EPA representatives.
Workshops and Facilitated Discussions
- facilitated meetings designed to answer
specific questions or address specific
community concerns.
EPA will send meeting notices for these
gatherings to the email list, mailing list, com-
munity partners, and radio and newspapers
as appropriate.
RECOGNIZING TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT
Community Group Meetings
Several community members also recommended
creating a community group to help facilitate EPA
communication with the community. This group
would meet regularly to discuss topics related
to uranium and EPA work in the region, share
information with community members, and share
community feedback with EPA. EPA is available
to assist community members with forming
community groups in the Western AUM Region,
and can provide facilitation and meeting logistics
support. Additionally, EPA can provide technical
assistance to help community groups understand
technical documents and the cleanup process
through EPA's Technical Assistance Services
for Communities (TASC) program. Interested
community members should contact the EPA
Community Involvement Coordinator.
The Navajo Nation is a federally-recognized tribe
with its own governmental system. EPA policy is
to consult on a government-to-government basis
with federally recognized tribal governments
when EPA actions and decisions may affect tribal
interests.
EPA interacts with Navajo Nation government
on several levels as a part of abandoned uranium
mine assessment and cleanup on Navajo Nation.
EPA consults directly with the Navajo Nation
President for significant developments, such as
major settlements and new Federal Five-Year
Plans for addressing uranium contamination on
Navajo Nation. EPA collaborates continuously
with Navajo Nation EPA Superfund Program
and Navajo Nation Department of Justice on
all abandoned uranium mine assessment and
cleanup. Finally, EPA provides regular updates
to local officials. In the Western AUM Region
specifically, EPA communicates regularly with
local Navajo Nation Council Delegates, Chapter
officials, and Community Land Use Planning
Committees.
16 Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
-------
APPENDICES
ABANDONED URANIUM
MINES IN THE WESTERN
AUM REGION
There are more than 100 abandoned uranium
mine (AUM) claims located in and near the
Western AUM Region and centered around the
Cameron area. Hie majority of these mines are
within a few miles of the Little Colorado River.
While most of the mines in this region are on the
Navajo Nation, a small number of mines exist on
Arizona lands close to die Navajo Nation border.
Mining took place in the Western AUM Region
from 1950 to 1963. The mines were primarily
pit mines, as uranium bearing rock in this region
is located near the surface. "1 his geological
formation also results in higher levels of naturally
occurring radiation in some parts of the Western
AUM Region than other areas of the Navajo
Nation.
Some of the abandoned pit mines in the region
developed pools of standing water. Residents
shared stories about swimming near mines in the
Western AUM Region, including at the "swim-
ming pool" near Yazzie No. 312 mine. The Navajo
Nation Abandoned Mine Lands (NNA.ML)
program began reclaiming many of these mines in
1994. NNAML focused on addressing physical
hazards associated with the mines, including
filling pits and draining pools.
P Navajo Nation Abandoned
Uranium Mines
In 2007, at the request of the U.S. House
Committee on Oversight and Government
Reform, EPA, along with die Bureau of
Indian Affairs (BIA), the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC), the Department of
Energy (DOE), and the Indian Health Sendee
(HIS) developed a Five-Year Plan to address
uranium contamination on Navajo Nation land,
r
Western AUM Region
Navajo Abandoned Uranium Mine Sites
Gamma Radiation Measurements
Bitter Springs
Ł
Kaibito
Shonto
\
Western AUM Region
Tonalea
Grand Canyon Village
Tusayan
r%,
Śl9fL 0
Tuba City
"Moenkopi
S
ron
Hotevilla-Bacavi
Kykotsmovi Vil
q
Shongopovi
Legend
Contaminated Water Sources
Ž Mine > 10 x Background
Mine > 2 x Background
Mine < 2 x Background
Mine Not Accessible
l l AUM Region
I I Navajo Nation Chapter Boundary
Q
3 Miles
10
.Shun 3
Secoi
>
w
1
3A-PHS-32 Paddock Well
) 03A-155.Tohatchi Spring
3A-PHS-3JL Badger Springs
I -fin 5 Box Spring
Community Involvement Plan
-------
in consultation with EPA's partners at the Navajo
Nation EPA (NNEPA). The initial task of these
federal partners was to outline and execute a
strategy for gaining a better understanding of the
scope of the problem and to identify mines with
the greatest human health risks.
As part of this effort, EPA screened 521 AUM
claims across Navajo Nation, including 111
AUM claims in and near the Western AUM
Region. EPA and NNEPA used this information
to identify 43 priority AUM claims that pose the
greatest risk to community members, based on
their levels of radiation and location near homes.
Six priority mines were identified in the Western
AUM Region: A&B No. 2, A&B No. 3, Charles
Huskon No. 12, Charles Huskon No. 14, Boyd
Tisi No. 2, and Juan Horse No. 3. Subsequently
three additional AUM claims were added to the
priority list due to their potential effects on water
resources. This included Section 9 Lease, which
was added because of its location near the Little
Colorado River and potential effects on the river.
EPA began to focus on these priority mines and
move them through the Superfund Process. In
2013, EPA identified El Paso Natural Gas as
having responsibility for 19 AUM claims in the
region, including two priority mines (Charles
Huskon No. 12 and Charles Huskon No.
14). In 2014, EPA identified Coltec as having
responsibility for 2 priority mines in the region,
A&B No. 2 and A&B No. 3. Additionally, Babbitt
Ranches contacted EPA to assess and clean up
Section 9 Lease, a priority mine which is located
in Arizona, close to Navajo Nation lands and the
Little Colorado River. EPA is working with these
companies to assess uranium mines and evaluate
cleanup options. As part of the second Five-Year
Plan (2014-2018), EPA is continuing to focus
efforts on assessment and cleanup of the priority
AUM claims.
OTHER URANIUM
CONCERNS IN THE
WESTERN AUM REGION
While this Community Involvement Plan is
focused on updating and involving community
members in abandoned uranium mine cleanup
activities in the area, there are other uranium
issues in the region as well. This section will
provide information about water in the Western
AUM Region, contaminated structures, the
Tuba City Dump Site, Tuba City Mill Site, and
Highway 160 Site.
Water in the Western AUM Region
While some residents in the Western AUM
Region are connected to public water systems,
many in rural areas rely on hauling water, or
use unregulated water sources, for their water
needs. The Navajo Nation estimates that up to
30% of the population is not served by public
water systems. In the former Bennett Freeze area,
where development was limited for over 40 years,
it is estimated that around 70% of residents are
not connected to public water systems.2 These
community members either haul drinking water
from regulated watering points or from unregu-
lated water sources.
In 2008, EPA, together with NNEPA, the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and
the Dine Network for Environmental Health
Little Colorado River near
A&B No. 3 Mine
3Navajo Access Workgroup. (2010, October).
Mapping of Water Infrastructure and Homes
Without Access to Safe Drinking Water and Basic
Sanitation on the Navajo Nation
18
Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
-------
0 WATER FROM
THIS WELL
IS NOT SAFE
TO DRINK
This water has been tested and found
to exceed Navajo EPA and U.S.EPA
human drinking water standards for
uranium or other contaminants.
Navajo Nation policy is that livestock-
use-only wells are not to be used for
human drinking water.
fiS Warning sign for contaminated
water wells
(DiNEH) identified 29 unregulated water sources
with levels of uranium and other radionuclides
above the EPA drinking water standards. Four
of these water sources are in the Black Falls area
ofWestern AUM Region: Badger Spring, Box
Spring, Paddock Well, and Tohatchi Spring. In
response, EPA, NNEPA, CDC, DiNEH, and
the University of New Mexico installed warning
signs at these contaminated water sources and
implemented a public outreach campaign.
In order to further improve water access in these
areas, the Indian Health Service (IIIS) identified
infrastructure needs for homes within a ten-mile
radius of the contaminated water sources. In the
Western AUM Region, EPA and partner agencies
constructed a waterline extension to serve 18
homes in the Black Falls area, constructed new
regulated water hauling stations in Coalmine
Canyon and Black Falls, and implemented a water
hauling pilot program to deliver water to various
locations each week, including the Black Falls area.
In addition to concerns about increasing access to
regulated water, NTUA has been working to im-
prove the quality of the existing Cameron public
water system. Historically the Cameron public
water system has contained high levels of iron and
manganese, which are not hazardous for human
health but do affect the taste, odor, and color of
the water. At times, the water system has had
elevated levels of disinfection by-products as well.
The Navajo Nation provided funding to connect
the Cameron public water system with the
Bodaway/Gap/Cedar Ridge system to address
these concerns. This connection was completed
in September 2015. This improved water system
will be extended to the Gray Mountain area and is
estimated to be completed in 2018.
As part of the second Five-Year Plan (2014-
2018), IHS, EPA, and other agencies will work
to increase access to safe drinking water in areas
affected by abandoned uranium mining, including
Cameron, Coalmine Canyon, Bodaway/Gap, and
Leupp Chapters in the Western AUM Region.
This is part of a larger effort to increase access to
safe drinking water for the entire Navajo Nation.
Contaminated Structures
Uranium mining and milling waste was oc-
casionally used on Navajo Nation as building
materials for homes. These materials can give
off radiation and radon gas. As part of the first
Five-Year Plan (2008-2012), EPA and NNEPA
surveyed over 800 structures on Navajo Nation.,
including structures in the Western AUM Region.
Thirty-four contaminated structures and 18
contaminated yards were addressed across Navajo
Nation, including one structure in Tuba City. The
results of additional structures screenings in the
Western AUM Region were provided to residents
in summer 2015. EPA and NNEPA will continue
to screen structures for radiation and radon as a
part of the second Five-Year Plan (2014-2018).
Tuba City Dump Site
The Tuba City Dump Site is located within the
Western AUM Region. The Dump was used
for more than 40 years as an open, uncontrolled
dump receiving solid waste from local communi-
ties. During this time, BIA maintained the Dump
by covering and burning trash and burying waste.
It was the main dump site in the Tuba City/
Moenkopi area until it was closed in August 1997.
EPA began work on the dump in the late 1990s
under its Waste Division. Since 2008, EPA has
been addressing the Dump under its Superfund
program, though the Dump is not on the
Superfund National Priorities List. While EPA
has found higher-than-usual levels of uranium
in the very shallow groundwater within the
fenceline of the Dump, the Dump does not pose
a current health risk to residents. Additionally,
contaminated water has not and cannot affect
local drinking water sources. EPA is working with
BIA and the community to complete the investi-
gation and evaluate cleanup options for the site.
A Community Involvement Plan was prepared by
EPA specifically for the Tuba City Dump Site in
Community Involvement Plan
-------
February 2013, and can be accessed at the Tuba
City Branch Library or online at www.epa.gov/
region09/tubacitydump.
Tuba City Mill Site
The Tuba City Mill Site (also known as the
Rare Metals Mill Site) is also located within the
Western AUM Region, and is one of four former
mill sites on the Navajo Nation. The Department
of Energy (DOE) is responsible for groundwater
cleanup, and long-term surveillance and main-
tenance at these four mill sites, including at the
Tuba City Mill Site. The Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) provides oversight for DOE
activities on the site.
During the second Five-Year Plan (2014-2018),
DOE plans to propose new treatment alternatives
and revise the groundwater compliance strategy
for the mill site. As DOE is the lead agency for
the Tuba City Mill Site, please contact Richard
Bush, UMTRCA Program Manager with DOE
Office of Legacy Management, at (970) 248-6073
or Richard.Bush(a)lm.doe.gov for any questions or
concerns regarding the site.
Highway 160 Site
The Highway 160 Site is a 16-acre property
located across Highway 160 from the Tuba
City Mill Site. A D OE study concluded that
radioactive waste on the site originated from the
Tuba City Mill Site. DOE worked with NNEPA
SB The Superfund Process
on Navajo Nation
to move the residual radioactive material to the
Grand Junction Colorado Disposal Cell in 2011.
DOE and NNEPA also installed wells to reevalu-
ate groundwater in the area, and determined that
local groundwater was not affected by the site.
EPA SUPERFUND PROCESS
ON NAVAJO NATION
EPA is addressing abandoned uranium mines
on Navajo Nation through the EPA Superfund
Program, in partnership with the Navajo
Superfund Program. This section provides an
outline of the Superfund Process on Navajo
Nation. This outline is specific to cleanup actions
requiring over six months planning time, as
these are the most common on Navajo Nation.
A similar process is used for cleanup actions
requiring less planning time.
EPA is initially focusing on moving priority mines
through the Superfund Process. These mines
have high levels of radiation and are near homes
or water resources. There are seven priority
mines in and near the Western AUM Region.
EPA can move forward with mine assessment
and cleanup by either identifying a potentially
responsible party (usually a company) to fund the
cleanup, or by using federal funding. Once EPA
identifies a potentially responsible party, EPA can
either negotiate a legal agreement or order the
company to assess mines and evaluate cleanup
options. Any work completed by potentially
responsible parties requires EPA and NNEPA
oversight and approval.
Community
Involvement
J&m
Access
Agreements
~ ->U
Resources
Surveys
Signs and
Fences
Removal Site
Evaluation
Engineering Evaluation/
Cost Analysis
Public Comment
Period
tgi
-------
Hie process at each mine then begins with access
agreements. EPA or the potentially responsible
party must get access agreements signed by af-
fected grazing permit holders and homesite lease
holders before beginning work. At this point,
EPA or the potentially responsible party com-
pletes a cultural resources survey and EPA must
consult with the Navajo Historic Preservation
Department Director on cultural resources that
might be affected by assessment or cleanup work
at the mine. Additionally a biological survey
may need to be completed, and EPA may need to
consult with the Navajo Nation Department of
Fish and Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service on potential impacts to fish and wildlife.
After getting the necessary approvals, EPA or
the potentially responsible party may begin
placing signs and/or fences at mines, depending
on community input as well as the location and
level of radiation of the mine. Then a detailed
assessment of contamination begins, which is
outlined in a document called a Removal Site
Evaluation (RSE). Hie RSE contains information
about the type and amount of contamination at
the mine site, as well as a summ ary of the cultural
and biological resources present in the area. Next,
an evaluation of cleanup options is completed,
which is summarized in a report called an
Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/
CA). Tlie EE/CA outlines each potential cleanup
option, including information about the cost and
effectiveness of each.
EPA uses the information in the EE/CA, along
with input EPA has been receiving from the com-
munity throughout the assessment process, to
propose a preferred cleanup option. EPA explains
the EE/CA and preferred cleanup option to
the community in a public meeting (or series of
meetings), and the community is given a period
of time to provide public comments. Hiis is a
critical time where community input is especially
important for a successful cleanup.
EPA uses this additional feedback from the
community to choose a cleanup option, and
issues an Action Memorandum on the decision
that is being made. At this point the cleanup on
the mine site can begin.
Charles Huskon No. 3 Abandoned
Uranium Mine
MAIN EPA INFORMATION
REPOSITORY
Tuba City Branch Library
A branch of Flagstaff City-Coconino County
Public Library
Main: (928) 283-5856
Fax: (928) 283-6188
Library Manager
Pearl G. Goldtooth
Physical address:
78 Main Street
Tuba City, AZ 86045
Mailing address:
P.O. Box 190
Tuba City, AZ 86045
Website:
http://www.flagstaffpubiiclibrary.org/
about/TubaCity.html
NEWSPAPER AND
RADIO COMMUNICATION
EPA will use the following media channels for
outreach in the Western AUM Region:
Newspaper Communication:
Navajo Times
Navajo-Hopi Observer
Lake Powell Chronicle
Radio Communication:
KTNN 660 AM: The Voice of the Navajo Nation
Community Involvement Plan
-------
GLOSSARY
Abandoned Uranium Mine (AUM) Claim
- An AUM claim is generally associated with a
patented or unpatented mining claim or a lease
of federal, state, tribal, or private lands. A claim
may represent a single feature such as a surface or
underground excavation, or it may include an area
containing a complex of multiple, interrelated
excavations. As a result, one claim may represent
multiple "mines" listed in other databases.
Action Memorandum - EPA's primary decision
document that determines the need for a removal
action, authorizes the removal action, identifies
the action and cleanup levels (if applicable), and
explains the rationale for the removal response.
Contamination - Introduction into water, air,
and soil of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic
substances, wastes, or wastewater in a concentra-
tion that makes the medium unfit for its next
intended use.
Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/
CA) - An analysis of cleanup alternatives
for removal actions requiring more than six
months planning time. EPA selects one of the
alternatives outlined in the EE/CA in the Action
Memorandum.
Groundwater - The supply of fresh water
found beneath the Earths surface, usually in
aquifers, which supply wells and springs. Because
groundwater is a major source of drinking and
irrigation water, there is growing concern over
contamination from leaching agricultural or
industrial pollutants.
Information Repository - An information
repository is a record storage area at or near a
Superfund site that contains reports, documents,
and factsheets pertaining to the site.
Radiation - Energy that travels in the form of
waves or high speed particles. One way radiation
can be released to the environment is during the
decay of radioactive elements such as uranium.
Superfund - The program operated under
the legislative authority of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) that funds and carries out EPA solid
waste emergency and long-term removal and
remedial activities.
Uranium - A heavy, naturally radioactive, metal-
lic element that is used to produce nuclear power
and weapons.
ACRONYMS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry
AUM Abandoned Uranium Mine
BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs
CCL Clinical Cohort Liaisons
CDC Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
CHERS Community Health Environmental
Research Staff
CHR Community Health Representative
CIP Community Involvement Plan
CUE-JTH
Community Uranium Exposure-
Journey to Healing Program
DiNEH
Dine Network for Environmental
Health
DOE
United States Department of Energy
EE/CA
Engineering Evaluation/Cost
Analysis
EPA
United States Environmental
Protection Agency
IHS
Indian Health Service
NAU
Northern Arizona University
NDOH
Navajo Department of Health
NDWR
Navajo Department of Water
Resources
NNAML
Navajo Nation Abandoned Mine
Lands
NNEPA
Navajo Nation Environmental
Protection Agency
NRC
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NTUA
Navajo Tribal Utility Authority
RECA
Radiation Exposure Compensation
Act
RESEP
Radiation Exposure Screening and
Education Program
TANA
Technical Assistance Needs
Assessment
TASC
Technical Assistance Services for
Communities
UMTRA
Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial
Action Program
UNM
University of New Mexico
Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
-------
Technical Assistance Needs Assessment Recommendations
This section describes recommendations formulated by EPA's Technical
Assistance Services for Communities (TASC) program to help meet the
community's needs based on conversations with community members and
stakeholders. The recommendations are specific to technical assistance and
could be fulfilled by EPA and other involved entities, with support from the
TASC program where appropriate.
Addressing information needs
As outlined in the CIP, there is a need for plain-language information
regarding AUMs and issues related to AUM contamination. To address
these information needs, EPA could consider the following actions:
Establish a Community Advisory Group.
Distribute a regular newsletter (either from EPA or community generated
with EPA support).
Create targeted fact sheets addressing information gaps and community
interests. In addition to areas of interest and concern identified in the
CIP, these fact sheets could also include information on:
Ś Radiological characterization of the Cameron area.
Ś Plain-language information on site screening documents.
Ś Information on potentially responsible parties (PRPs).
Ś Funds available for cleanup.
Present information at community venues, including but not limited to:
Ś Chapter meetings.
Ś District Grazing meetings.
Ś Schools.
Ś Senior citizens groups.
Ś Coconino County Board of Supervisors
Create topic-specific, inter-agency workshops to address community
concerns related to the mines but not entirely under the purview of
EPA. Additional topics of interest not previously outlined in the CIP
could include:
Ś Superfund 101.
Ś Information on historic exposure to AUMs.
Ś RECA and downwinder claim information.
Addressing resource needs
Some resource needs related to AUMs in the Western Agency go beyond
what EPA can address. However, EPA and other appropriate agencies could
consider assisting with the following activities:
Increasing local access to safe drinking water, including more
hauling points.
Increasing fencing and signage for known mine areas.
Creating a document repository in Cameron, Arizona, to ensure easier
access to site information for local community members than the official
repository located in Tuba City.
Working with health agencies to increase mobile clinics for screening and
making local treatment options more readily available.
Addressing reuse needs
In considering potential reuse plans for AUMs, EPA and other appropriate
agencies could consider the following actions:
Work with Chapters and planning groups to discuss where housing in
areas of concern could be safely located while cleanup occurs in the
short term, as well as where housing in these areas could be located once
cleanup is completed.
Collaborate with local groups, particularly those currently working
with USDA grants, to establish safe farming practices along the Little
Colorado River.
Work with Chapters and planning groups on business development for
the Cameron area, to identify locations where businesses can safely be
located both now and in the future.
Support a job-training program in the future, as cleanup gets underway.
Create a reuse assessment before cleanup is completed, to assess the
potential for solar electricity generation after completion of cleanup.
-------
ADDITIONAL CONTACTS
Agencies to Contact with Questions
Topic
Program and Agency
Telephone Number
Mines and Structures
Cleanup of chemical and radiological hazards at abandoned
Region 9 Superfund Program, EPA, San Francisco, CA
(800)231-3075 (toll free)
uranium mines
Eastern Region
Central Region
Northern Region
Western Region
(505) 240-0093
(480) 250-0990
(928)215-9402
(415) 972-3068
Navajo Superfund Program, NNEPA, Window Rock
(800)314-1846
Contaminated structures
Navajo Superfund Program, NNEPA, Window Rock
(800)314-1846
Actions to reduce physical hazards at abandoned mines
NNAML/Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA)
Window Rock Office
Shiprock Office
Tuba City Office
(928) 871-6982
(505) 368-1220
(928)283-3188
Radon in your home, Radon test kits
Radon Program, NNEPA, Window Rock
(928) 871-6790
Uranium Mill Sites
Disposal sites - Long term care and maintenance
Office of Legacy Management, DOE, Grand Junction, CO
Manager for Mexican Hat
Manager for Shiprock
Manager for Tuba City
(970)248-6621
(970)248-6018
(970) 248-6073
Former Processing Site - Long term care and maintenance
Office of Legacy Management, DOE, Grand Junction, CO
Manager for Monument Valley
(970)248-6621
Technical oversight, community outreach
NNAML/Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program (UMTRA),
Window Rock
(505) 860-7279
Disposal sites - General licensing and oversight
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC
(301)415-6749
Former processing site - Oversight
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC
(301)415-6749
Health
Preventive health information, uranium awareness posters
Community Health Representative / Outreach Program, NDOH,
Window Rock
(928) 871-6786
Uranium medical screening and monitoring program
Community Uranium Exposure - Journey to Healing, IHS, Northern
Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock
(505) 368-7391 or
(505) 368-7402
Navajo Birth Cohort Study
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
ATSDRDivision of Toxicology and Human Health Effects, Atlanta, GA
(877) 545-6775
(770)488-1347
24 Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
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Topic
Program and Agency
Telephone Number
Downwinders radiation exposure compensation claim
Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program (RESEP), IHS,
(505) 368-7054
Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock
Office of Navajo Uranium Workers, NDOH, Shiprock
(505) 368-1260
Uranium workers radiation exposure compensation claim
Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program (RESEP), IHS,
(505) 368-7054
Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock
Office of Navajo Uranium Workers, NDOH, Shiprock
(505) 368-1260
Water
Water hauling practices from safe drinking water sources
Public Water Systems Supervision Program, NNEPA, Window Rock
(928) 871-7755
http://www.navajopublicwater.org/
Locations of regulated watering points
Navajo Tribal Utility Authority, Fort Defiance
(800)528-5011
Water quality of NTUA piped water in your home, or from
Navajo Tribal Utility Authority, Fort Defiance
(928) 729-6207
an NTUA public water system
Ask for "consumer confidence
report." Also available online at:
http://www.ntua.com/ccrl4.html
Surface water and groundwater quality
Water Quality Program, NNEPA
Fort Defiance, Chinle
(928) 871-7185
Northern, Eastern
(505) 368-1037
Western
(928) 890-7599
Operation and maintenance of livestock water sources
Technical, Construction, & Operations Branch, NDWR, Fort Defiance
Locations ofunregulated sources, livestock wells, windmills,
Contact a district office:
earthen dams
To'hajiilee
(505) 908-2740
Chinle
(928) 674-2210
Crownpoint
(505) 786-2396
Dilkon
(928) 657-8094
Fort Defiance
(928) 729-4003
Ganado
(928)755-5971
Leupp
(928) 686-3289
Pueblo Pintada
(505) 655-5402
Shiprock
(505) 368-1146, 1062
Teec Nos Pos
(928) 656-3674
Tuba City
(928)283-3170
Vanderwagon
(505) 778-5337
Tuba CityDumpsite
Project Lead
Western Regional Office, BIA, Phoenix, AZ
(602) 379-3723
BIA coordination
Division of Environmental and Cultural Resources, BIA, Central Office
(703) 390-6482
BIA community outreach
Navajo Regional Office, BIA, Gallup, NM
(505) 863-8285
Hopi Tribal water
Water Resources Program, Kykotsmovi, AZ
(928)734-3712
Remedial investigation and feasibility study oversight
Region 9 Superfund Program, EPA, San Francisco, CA
(800)231-3075 (toll free)
Navajo Nation Solid Waste Act
Resource Conservation and Recovery Program, NNEPA, Window Rock
(928) 871-7816
Community Involvement Plan
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Western Abandoned Uranium Mine Region Community Involvement Plan Environmental Protection
epa.gov/r9uraniumcleanup/western- October 2016 ^^mAgency
abandoned-uranium-mine-region
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