Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks:
1990-2013
Commenter: Roger Johnson
National Farmer's Union (NFU)
Comment: NFU appreciates the work EPA has undertaken to successfully inventory greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions and fluxes in the U.S., summarize and present them by source category and sector.
Collecting and presenting this information is extremely important because the accumulation of GHGs in
the atmosphere resulting from human activity is expected to impact global climate patterns. NFU's policy,
which is subject to annual review by NFU membership, states, "NFU is concerned about the effects of
climate change and believes further research and analysis is necessary to determine its actual and
potential impacts."
Family farmers and ranchers are faced with many perils in a changing climate including mounting
weather volatility, changes in water resources, increasing heat stress for crops and livestock and pressure
from invasive species, pests, and weeds. Producers across the U.S. are already feeling the impact of
increasing weather volatility, one among many of the hazards to agriculture attendant to climate change.
Extreme weather events limit workable field days, exacerbate productivity and environmental issues
related to soil erosion, and harm the economy by increasing crop insurance claims. Potential impacts on
water resources are also of grave concern because adequate water is absolutely essential to farmers'
ability to produce the crops upon which we all rely.
Taken together, the challenges to agriculture inherent to climate change could severely increase food
prices and significantly disrupt our ability to provide adequate food for a growing world population.
These challenges make clear the importance of examining factors contributing to climate change so that
plans for resiliency and mitigation can be established. NFU appreciates EPA's efforts toward making such
information accessible through the Inventory.
NFU appreciates EPA's work inventorying GHG emissions as a step toward facilitating family farmers'
participation in enhancing climate resilience.
Commenter: David Lyon
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)
Comment: EDF supports the use of IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) global warming potential
(GWP) values in the 2015 Inventory. The AR4 GWP values are based on updated scientific knowledge of
the relative climate impacts of individual greenhouse gases. To reflect further advancement in climate
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
1
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science, future inventories should use IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) GWP values as soon as
allowed by the UNFCCC reporting guidelines.
Comment: The proposed revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) Subpart W
include a requirement for emissions reporting from oil well completions and workovers with hydraulic
fracturing. Once that data is available, a methodology similar to the one currently used in the Inventory to
estimate emissions from gas well completions with hydraulic fracturing could be used for oil well
completions. Until that time, EDF recommends that oil well completion emission factors in the Inventory
are updated with currently available data such as the sources discussed in EDF's peer review comments
on the EPA White Paper Oil and Natural Gas Sector Hydraulically Fractured Oil Well Completions and
Associated Gas during Ongoing Production. Based on a conservatively low assumption of 7.7 tons
methane per completion event and 75% of new oil wells using hydraulic fracturing, emissions would be
over a factor of 400X higher than the current Inventory estimate for oil well completions, which is based
on an emission factor inappropriate for hydraulically-fractured oil wells.
Comment: Two recent national studies of methane emissions from natural gas production sector
pneumatic controllers have reported that the Inventory underestimates emissions from these devices
(Allen et al. 2013, Allen et al. 2015). EPA should consider revising the current approach used for natural
gas systems production sector pneumatic devices, which applies an emission factor to a single category of
pneumatic devices to estimate potential emissions, then calculates net emissions by subtracting voluntary
emission reductions based on Natural Gas STAR reports of industry replacement of high-bleed and
intermittent-bleed devices with low-bleed or no-bleed devices. An alternative approach is to estimate net
emissions from separate categories of pneumatic controller types and eliminate the application of
voluntary reductions. Emission reductions resulting from the conversion of pneumatic controllers would
be captured by changes in the activity factors of the different controller types. A three category division
analogous to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (low-bleed continuous, high-bleed continuous,
intermittent-bleed) may be the most straightforward approach, but EPA should evaluate alternatives such
as a two-category division (continuous, intermittent).
For petroleum systems production field operations pneumatic devices, EPA estimated net emissions for
high-bleed and low-bleed devices in previous inventories. For the 2015 inventory, EPA is proposing to
apply a fraction of the Natural Gas STAR reductions to petroleum systems pneumatics. An alternative
approach is to update the activity factors by device type and not apply voluntary reductions. Aligning the
petroleum systems pneumatic controller types with natural gas systems (low-bleed continuous/high-bleed
continuous/intermittent or continuous/intermittent) is likely to simplify the methodologies.
Comment: There are two approaches that EPA could use to estimate pneumatic controller activity factors:
1) apply a ratio of pneumatic controllers per well to the Inventory well counts, or 2) extrapolate values
from the GHGRP data for onshore petroleum & natural gas systems pneumatic controllers.
The first approach could use ratios reported by recent studies (2.7 controllers per well, Allen et al. 2015;
3.6 controllers per well, OIPA 2014), which would result in combined petroleum & natural gas systems
activity factors of 3.5 - 4.6 million devices, about 3X - 4X higher than the corrected 2012 estimate in the
2015 inventory. Separate activity factors for natural gas and petroleum systems could be estimated using
the proportion of gas and oil wells. It may be appropriate to apply distinct ratios of controllers per well to
natural gas and petroleum systems if data sources indicate different average controller counts by well
type.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
2
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The second approach using 2013 GHGRP data would result in an unadjusted activity factor of 412,000
devices for petroleum and natural gas systems. This value was estimated from 2013 reported emissions of
pneumatic devices by assuming 78.8% methane and continuous operation; in future years, the device
count will be directly reported by the operators. Since the GHGRP only includes data from facilities
emitting >25,000 metric tons CChe per year, GHGRP activity factors need to be adjusted upward to
account for non-reporting facilities. It has been estimated that GHGRP onshore production facilities
represent approximately 85% of energy production. If the reported devices were scaled up by only 15%
for non-reporters, the adjusted activity factor would be over 7X lower than the value estimated by the first
approach, which suggests that this approach underestimates the number of devices. It may be more
appropriate to scale up activity factors by the percentage of wells that report - this value could be
estimated by comparing company- and county-level data from DI Desktop to the GHGRP data. If
GHGRP data are used to estimate a national activity factor, it is critical that EPA verifies that the
underlying device counts are accurate. GHGRP-based activity factors could be separated into natural gas
and petroleum systems proportional to the GHG Inventory well counts by type.
Activity factors by controller type could be estimated by applying the GHGRP fractions of controllers by
type to the national activity factors. There is higher confidence in 2013 GHGRP pneumatic controller data
compared to 2011 and 2012 since these previous years were based on partial surveys. The 2013 data
indicates that there are 28%, 5%, and 67% of low-bleed, high-bleed, and intermittent bleed devices,
respectively. Natural Gas STAR data on pneumatic controller replacement since 1990 may be useful for
estimating the fraction of controllers by type in previous years.
Comment: The inventory should use emission factors specific to pneumatic controller types such as low-
bleed/high-bleed/intermittent-bleed. This would allow emission reductions from device replacement to be
applied by updating activity factors instead of subtracting voluntary reductions. Recent data sources such
as Allen et al. 2015, OIPA 2014, and Prasino 2013 may be useful for developing emission factors. These
studies indicate a positively skewed distribution with a small fraction of devices contributing the majority
of emissions. Allen et al. 2015 reports that many of these high emission devices are malfunctioning. This
is readily observable for low-bleed devices measured in the study, which have a median emission rate of 0
scfh and an average emission rate of 10.4 scfh. This average emission rate, which is higher than the low-
bleed regulatory definition of 6 scfh, is greatly affected by the 19% of devices exceeding 6 scfh.
One option to account for the skewed distribution of pneumatic device emissions is to use separate
activity factors and emission factors for normally functioning and malfunctioning devices. Allen et al.
2015 provides useful data on the current emission rates and frequency of malfunctioning devices. Future
changes in the frequency of malfunctioning devices may be estimated from leak detection and repair
(LDAR) data from programs such as Natural Gas STAR. Alternatively, emissions could be reported
separately for normally functioning pneumatic controllers and equipment leaks from pneumatic
controllers. Emissions from normally functioning devices could be estimated using the complete activity
factors and emission factors developed from data excluding malfunctioning devices. Potential equipment
leak emissions from pneumatic controllers could be estimated using the frequency and emission rates of
malfunctioning devices from Allen et al. 2015. These potential emissions could be scaled to other years
proportional to the number of devices. To account for future emission reductions resulting from the repair
of malfunctioning devices, voluntary reductions could be applied to pneumatic controller equipment leaks
using data from Natural Gas STAR reports of pneumatic controller LDAR programs.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
3
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Commenter: Anna Moritz
Center for Biological Diversity (CBD)
Comment: One of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report's ("AR5") breakthrough insights is the discovery of
a fundamental flaw in previous calculations of GWP: the climate effect of CO2 intrinsically includes
carbon cycle feedbacks, but the GWPs of other greenhouse gases do not. Thus, to compare "apples to
apples," it is necessary to include these feedbacks in the estimates of all greenhouse gas emissions. The
Inventory, however, perpetuates the error by reporting only the lower, non-feedback 100-year GWP
values for non-CC>2 gases. This omission causes serious inaccuracies in how the report presents and
compares the respective greenhouse gases' climate change impacts.
We appreciate that EPA has included the AR5 100-year GWP values for all greenhouse gases in Annex
6.3 It is entirely unrealistic, however, to expect the wide range of Inventory readers to understand the
significance of the Annex 6 information, much less to substitute their own calculations in lieu of those
provided by EPA. The greenhouse gas inventory is relied upon by citizens, businesses, governmental
agencies, and policy makers across the country, and they consult its prominently displayed information,
especially its executive summary and tables. These do not display or explain the significance of the
GWPs. As the examples discussed below and the attached exhibit vividly demonstrate, only actually
running the numbers and displaying them in tables show their impact and avoid comparing apples to
oranges. Thus, we strongly urge EPA to include climate-carbon feedbacks from all greenhouse gases and
use the GWPs stated in AR5. To do otherwise is inaccurate and misleading.
Comment: Another glaring omission is the failure to compare, and in this case even to mention,
greenhouse gas emissions based on their 20-year global warming potentials. The selection of a particular
time horizon for GWPs influences the policy focus because the analysis and comparison occurs only at
the selected time frame. Many policy analysts and decision makers, however, believe that a 100-year
focus is important for long-term climate stabilization, while a near-term (20 years or less) focus is equally
crucial because the next few decades will determine whether catastrophic and irreversible damage can be
avoided before tipping points are crossed. Decision makers and the public should be presented with the
20-year effects of greenhouse gases to focus attention on short-term solutions that may abate immediate
harm sufficiently to allow us to reach climate stability on a 100-year and beyond time scale.
The time-based distinction between GWPs is of key importance for a greenhouse gas such as methane.
Methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas that remains in the atmosphere a little over a decade; by contrast,
CO2 has an atmospheric lifetime of a century and beyond. Methane has exerted the second largest
warming influence since the Industrial Revolution, behind only CO2. And crucially, the AR5 value for its
20-year GWP (86) is approximately 2.5 times higher than its 100-year GWP (34). The implications of this
difference for responsive action are enormous, and reporting both GWPs for methane is therefore of key
importance.
To illustrate these points, we reproduced Table ES-2 from the Inventory and presented both AR5 100-
year and 20-year GWPs (with climate-carbon feedbacks) for all greenhouse gases. The results are
striking. On a 20-year GWP basis, total U.S. methane emissions are approximately equivalent to the
heating influence of CO2 generated by the entire electricity generating sector. This is key information:
EPA has embarked on a ground-breaking effort to create standards for power plants; since methane is an
equivalent contributor to near-term climate change, EPA should place an equally high priority on methane
mitigation strategies. Overall, on a 20-year basis, methane emissions constitute some 27% of total U.S.
greenhouse gas emissions - instead of only about 10% as reported in Table ES-2. Put another way,
reporting only an (incorrect) 100-year methane GWP results in a ratio between warming from methane
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
4
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and wanning from CO2 of about 1 to 10 (10%), while reporting the most accurate 20-year methane GWP
shifts that ratio to 4 in 10 (40%). Presenting an accurate short-term comparison is thus critically
important, and omission of these facts is highly misleading.
Gas/Source
2013
2013 (AR5
2013 (AR5
Percent
Percent
Percent
(Inventory
100-vr
20-vr
total GHG
total GHG
total GHG
GWP)
GWP)
GWP)
emissions
emissions
emissions
MMT
MMT
MMT
(GHG
(AR5 100-
(AR5 20-
C'02eq
C02eq
C02eq
Inventory)
vr)
vr)
C02
5,556.0
5,556.0
5,556.0
82.4
79.4
66.8
Fossil Fuel
Combustion
Electricity
Generation
5,195.5
5,195,5
5,195.5
77.1
74.2
62.5
2,040.5
2,040.5
C 2,040.5
J 30.3
29.2
24.6
Transportation
1,754.0
1,754.0
1,754.0
26.0
25.1
21.1
Industrial
817.3
817.3
817.3
12.1
11.7
9.8
Residential
329.9
329.9
_ 379 9_
49
4.7
CH4
654.1
911.9
C 2,259.l(
J 9.7
13.oC
27.2^
Enteric
Fermentation
164.5
223.7
565.9
2.4
3.2
6.8
Natural Gas
Systems
159.9
230.3
556.5
2.4
3.3
6.7
Landfills
114.6
155.9
394.2
1.7
2.2
4.7
T otal
6,742.2
7.000.0
8,311.5
Excerpt from Appendix A. Entries for source categories are directly from Table ES-2 ("Recent Trends 111 U.S.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks") in the Draft GHG Inventory for 1990-2013 at ES-5. Data column 1 is a
replicate of the last column in Table ES-2, which contains 2013 data. Data columns 2 and 3 in this table were
compiled using IPCC AR5 100-year and 20-year GWPs. These GWPs include climate-carbon feedbacks, as
recommended by the AR5. Methane GWPs: column 1 = 25; column 2 = 34 (biogenic) or 36 (fossil); column 3 = 86
(biogenic) or 87 (fossil). Data columns 4 through 6 reflect the percentage of total emissions (prior to removal of
sinks) for each gas/source.
A compounding factor is that the methane emissions from certain sources are likely under-represented by
EPA's analysis method. For instance, a number of peer-reviewed scientific studies suggest that methane
leakage from natural gas systems could be as much as double what EPA assumes. Likewise, methane
leakage from landfills is notoriously difficult to monitor and may also be much larger than EPA's
calculations assume. In sum, not only does the Inventory fail to include critical information about
methane's influence over the next 20 years, but even the corrected values we calculate here likely are a
considerable under-estimate of methane emissions.
Comment: We commend EPA for using IPCC Fourth Assessment Report ( "AR4") GWP values for the
first time in this Inventory, a vast improvement over the use of Second Assessment Report values. While
this is an important step, we and other organizations previously asked EPA to utilize the most up-to-date
science and adopt the most recent methane GWTPs from AR5, and to report both 100-year and 20-year
methane GWPs. EPA declined to do so because current international reporting requirements under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change employ only 100-year GWPs, and will begin
using AR4 GWPs in 2015.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
5
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While we understand EPA's need to comply with international reporting requirements, we renew our call
on EPA to update the emissions reported in the U.S. GHG Inventory to also reflect the AR5 GWPs, as
well as report normalized emissions using both 20-year and 100-year GWPs for methane. The U.S. GHG
Inventory is seminal, foundational document domestically for both government and private-sector
decision-making and analysis. Providing reliable data for domestic use is one of its key purposes, separate
and apart from international commitments, and requires the most accurate quantification of climate
impacts possible. While the inclusion of Appendix 6 in the Inventory is helpful to the most careful readers
- those who then also take the next step and perform their own calculations as we have done here - we
request that EPA include these calculations to make the information both prominent and easily accessible.
Commenter: Cynthia Finley
National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA)
Comment: The emissions from POTWs in the 2013 Inventory are essentially the same as those in the
2012 Inventory. NACWA appreciates the clarifications that have been made over the past few years to
clarify the emissions calculations and the factors that are used. NACWA's primary concern with the
Inventory is the extensive use of potentially outdated data and extrapolated data in the emissions
calculations. For example, the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 Clean Watershed Needs Surveys (CWNS) are
used as the basis for the percent of wastewater flow to aerobic and anaerobic systems, the percent of
utilities that do and do not employ primary treatment, and the wastewater flow to POTWs that have
anaerobic digesters. EPA states that since the 2008 CWNS does not contain information that is detailed
enough for use in the Inventory, information for the years 2004 through 2013 was forecast from the rest
of the time series. The 2004 CWNS is likely outdated now, and forecasts made from it and the previous
surveys may not accurately reflect recent trends and practices for wastewater utilities. A similar forecast
was made for sludge generation and protein consumption.
Comment: NACWA's other concern with the Inventory calculations is the lack of specific emissions
factors and calculation methods for the U.S. As NACWA has explained in comments on the Inventory in
previous years, the Association believes that the nitrogen loading rates for N20EFFLUENT are sourced
incorrectly and that using information from the existing National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) database will yield more accurate and justifiable loading rates. The NPDES permitting program
represents long-term, nationwide facility performance that would allow emissions estimate projections
over the time series represented in the Inventory. If EPA decides not to investigate its own databases, the
average nitrogen loading rate of 15.1 g N/capita-day from Metcalf and Eddy (2003) represents the
industry standard and is supported by a wealth of data widely confirmed in U.S. practice. This value
represents all domestic sources of nitrogen, the use of other nitrogen-containing compounds, and both
residential and commercial sources. EPA uses other values from Metcalf and Eddy (2003), such as the
BOD5 production rate and BOD5 removed by primary treatment. Since this reference is valid for other
factors, it should also be valid for the nitrogen loading rate.
Comment: NACWA agrees with EPA's planned improvements and encourages EPA to investigate
additional data sources as soon as possible to ensure the accuracy of future Inventories.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
6
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Commenter: Brad Upton
National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. (NCASI)
Comment: Production statistics for the pulp and paper sector are too high. Table 7-12 lists 2013
production of the pulp and paper sector at 131.5 million metric tons, based on data from the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and includes a note that this figure represents the
sum of woodpulp production plus paper and paperboard production. Summing woodpulp, paper, and
paperboard production results in double counting, because the majority of woodpulp production is used to
produce paper and paperboard at integrated mills (an integrated mill includes both pulping and
papermaking at the same facility, with a single wastewater treatment system).
A more appropriate method for characterizing total pulp and paper sector production would be to sum
paper production, paperboard production, and market pulpl production. For 2013, the American Forest
and Paper Association (AF&PA) reported total production of paper and paperboard to be approximately
73 million metric tons and total production of market woodpulp to be approximately 8 million metric
tons2. Based on these statistics, total pulp and paper sector production in 2013 was approximately 81
million metric tons. AF&PA provides its Statistical Summary reports to the Library of Congress annually,
and has indicated a willingness to provide a gratis copy of the report directly to EPA. The August 2014
issue of the Statistical Summary is attached for your convenience (information on production of paper and
paperboard can be found in Table 1 and information on production of market wood pulp can be found in
Table 15).
Comment: EPA characterizes wastewater generation per ton of production based on water discharge
statistics from AF&PA Sustainability Reports. These are the most current and relevant data for this
characterization, and NCASI submits no comments on this use other than to emphasize that the agency
should ensure it is using the most current version of the AF&PA Sustainability Report, which is published
biennially, and attached for your convenience.
Comment: EPA characterizes the organic load in untreated wastewater using a legacy value of 0.4 gram
BOD per liter of untreated effluent and a multiplier of 2 to convert from BOD to COD. NCASI has very
limited data on untreated effluent organic load. Therefore, until additional data are available, we cannot
suggest an alternative value.
Commenter: Erica Bowman
America's Natural Gas Alliance (ANGA)
Comment: For the past several years, ANGA has submitted comments on EPA's Draft GHG Inventories.
In recent GHG Inventories, EPA has addressed some of these concerns, including adjusting the
methodologies for estimating the frequency of well re-fracturing, emissions from hydraulically fractured
well completions and workovers, and emissions from liquids unloading. ANGA supported these changes,
which more accurately accounted for actual field practices. We encourage EPA to continue upgrading the
GHG Inventory with net emission factors in place of potential emission factors as more data become
available. We believe more accurate data will show lower methane emissions from the natural gas sector.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
7
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Comment: In the 2014 GHG Inventory, EPA adjusted the methodology for completions and workovers
with hydraulic fracturing. These adjustments established four technology specific emissions factors for
wells with hydraulically fractured completions and workovers using data from the 2011 and 2012
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) Subpart W.
In the 2015 Draft GHG Inventory, these emissions factors are updated using additional data from the
2013 GHGRP. These updates result in reductions for the emissions factors for three of the four well
categories. Additionally, the updated data show more wells using RECs and fewer wells that directly vent
all flowback emissions in 2012 compared to the 2014 GHG Inventory. These activity data better reflect
actual industry practices, including the voluntary use of RECs by many producers. ANGA supports these
changes, which address inaccuracies found in previous GHG Inventories that we have commented on in
the past. We would also support further sub-categorization to recognize the differences between
hydraulically fractured completions and hydraulically fractured workovers.
Comment: While ANGA supports the new emission factors for uncontrolled well completions as more
accurately representing actual industry practices, they remain higher than measured results from the
recent study by researchers at the University of Texas-Austin and supported by Environmental Defense
Fund (UT Austin/EDF study). At 36.8 metric tons (MT) methane per vented well completion, for
example, the estimate in the Draft 2015 GHG Inventory is one order of magnitude higher than similarly
configured completions in the UT Austin/EDF Study, which found a range of 0.5-4 MT methane per
completion event for those wells vented directly to atmosphere. Much of this difference can be attributed
to the choke flow calculation methodology option in the GHGRP. The choke flow calculation
methodology was not designed for use in multi-phase flow applications, and as such can often deliver
erroneous results when compared to direct measurement. While ANGA supports continued use of the
GHGRP data to update emission factors, ANGA encourages EPA to remove outlier data from the
emission factor calculation and use only measured data in the GHGRP for the calculation of emission
factors, not data derived from the choke flow equation methodology.
Comment: As noted above, ANGA supports the use of GHGRP data to establish emission factors and
encourages EPA to continue using this data source to refine the emission factors for hydraulically
fractured well completions and workovers. As industry technology and practices improve to further
reduce methane reductions and the GHGRP continues to update its calculation and reporting
methodologies, the emission factors for hydraulically fractured wells and completions should be adjusted
accordingly. In addition to improving the accuracy of the GHG Inventory, creating emissions factors that
more closely match the GHGRP data will provide public confidence in and increase uniformity across
EPA's data programs.
Comment: While ANGA continues to believe that EPA's estimate of the number of uncontrolled well
completions and workovers is too high, we understand that this number will decrease significantly in
future GHG Inventories because they will factor in requirements included in the 2012 Oil and Gas NSPS.
This rule requires the use of RECs for almost all completions and workovers after January 1, 2015 and
required flowback emissions to be routed to a completion combustion device starting in October 2012.
The impact of this rule can clearly be seen in the Draft 2015 GHG Inventory, which reports methane
emissions from these activities decreasing by nearly 52 tons from 2012 to 2013.
Comment: In response to EPA's request for feedback on possible changes to the methodologies for
estimating emissions from pneumatic controllers and liquids unloading, ANGA supports the use of direct
measurements to develop technology- and/or process/function-specific emissions factors. Additionally,
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
8
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ANGA supports the development of emissions factors and activity data on a regional as opposed to
national basis. We believe that aggregation of regional data to calculate national emissions provides a
more accurate estimate that accounts for regional variation in gas composition, production practices, and
regulation.
Comment: Given the magnitude of the changes that the Agency has made over the past five years both
increasing and decreasing estimated emissions from natural gas production, the underlying data and
assumptions must be rigorous and well supported. ANGA appreciates the changes EPA has made to its
methodology for estimating emissions from liquids unloading, its estimate of the frequency of workovers,
and its methodology for hydraulically fractured well completions and workovers. We encourage EPA to
continue updating its methodology and emissions factors with technology specific and region specific
emissions factors based on valid data, assumptions and calculations. However, given the underlying
uncertainties of the current data, ANGA does not support the use of the emissions estimates presented in
the GHG Inventory as the basis for any analysis or regulatory action.
Commenter: Karin Ritter
American Petroleum Institute (API)
Comment: Regarding EPA's approach for designating "associated gas wells" within the category of "oil
wells", EPA may be over estimating the number of associated gas wells and is not consistent with EIA
and state approaches. API urges EPA to make note of this in the final inventory and commit to re-evaluate
this as part of the methodology improvements for the next GHGI cycle.
Comment: API advises EPA to carefully analyze and screen GHGRP reported data in order to improve
the validity of data used in the 2013 national GHGI. Obvious data outliers should be excluded or
otherwise corrected to prevent disproportionately impacting the derivation of emission factors (EFs) or
extrapolation of information for the national 2013 GHGI, as may be evident from the changes made to
2012 GHGRP data due to corrections of industry data. As discussed previously with EPA, the GHGRP
data may potentially include incomplete or incorrect data due to ambiguity in implementation of approved
EPA procedures, errors in applying the GHGRP calculations, and faults in data aggregation and reporting.
Comment: API supports the use of information reported through the GHGRP for developing the GHG
emissions estimates for the refining sector in the 2013 national GHGI. Although the GHG emission
profile for refineries has changed over the years due to additional controls, the use of throughput to scale
emissions for 1990-2009 is an acceptable surrogate.
Comment: As API commented previously during the Expert Review Version of the 2013 GHGI, some
reporters voluntarily reported emissions data for oil well completions and workovers with hydraulic
fracturing in their 2011 through 2013 GHGRP data. API sorted the GHGRP data to examine those data
sets reporting emissions data for oil formations where either Equation 10-B or 10-A with measured
emissions were used. This excludes data sets which relied on the choke flow equation to estimate
emissions. As a result of this analysis, API identified 149 reported data sets providing emissions data for
1,675 completions and 226 workovers for the years 2011 through 2013 combined. This is a substantial
amount of information. Even with some ambiguities in the reported data, there is sufficient information to
develop updated emission factors rather than using decade's old data from the 1996 GRI/EPA study.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
9
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API recommends the use of two data categories, which maximizes the use of data available from the
GHGRP. Table 1 summarizes the resulting emission factors for these two data categories: vented oil well
completions and workovers without REC, and all other oil well completions and workovers (Flared w/o
REC, Vented w/REC, or Flared w/REC). Although there appear to be some data outliers, in general the
emission data currently available shows that vented workovers and completions without REC have a
distinctly higher emission rate than completions and workovers flared without REC, flared with REC, and
vented with REC.
Table 1. Emission Factors Derived from GHGRP Data for Oil Well Completions and
Workovers with Hydraulic Fracturing
Emission Factor
Vented w/out REC
Flared + REC
Category
Tonnes
CH.j/event
# Events
Tonnes
CHj/event
# Events
All Years
22.2
349
2.97
689
2013
0.01
11
0.6
153
2012
15.7
214
4.5
298
2011
35.5
124
2.6
238
* API's analysis results in fewer "ambiguous" data sets, thus 689 events are used for deriving the emission factor for the
'Flared + REC' category as compared with the total of 396 events that could be categorized as either 'Flared w/o REC,
'Vented w/REC', or 'Flared w/REC\ For 2013, the CH4 emission factors are converted from tonnes C02e using the
CH4 GWP value of 25 from the AR4. For 2012 and 2011, the CH4 emission factors are converted from tonnes C02e
using the CH4 GWP value of 21 from the SAR.
Until regular reporting of oil well completions and workovers is established, API recommends developing
the emission factors based on all three years of available GHGRP data combined. The factors should be
re-evaluated when more information is available.
Comment: API agrees with excluding 2000 GOADS data.
Comment: API agrees with the proposed approach for applying GOADS data to previous years. API
recognizes that using the 2005 GOADs data for inventory years 1990 through 2006 is a bit of a stretch for
the early inventory years, but believes this is the best option of those considered.
Comment: The proposed method of obtaining platform counts will absolutely result in overestimated
emissions, as the platform census is not able to differentiate between active and nonactive platforms.
There is an industry-wide tool called ""Lcxco/OWL" that should have better information. BOEM/BSEE is
certainly aware of this tool because they maintain the data in the tool. It would be informative to
understand whether EPA plans to count each structure as a "platform", or each complex. BOEM
designates bridge connected structures as a "complex" with a unique complex ID. While the method of
determining an average emission factor and applying it to facilities according to the 4 facility "buckets"
seems like it would result in an overestimation of emissions, applying the factor to each structure, rather
than each complex will certainly result in flawed, overestimated emissions.
Comment: Is this volume of gas received from MMS/BOEMRE a single volume that a percentage is then
called flared? If so, the method looks to be a very inaccurate method to split out the combusted from the
uncombusted emissions. A method to potentially get closer to combusted vs uncombusted emissions
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
10
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would be to start with the gas release volumes that PRA gas volume accounting has provided to BOME
on the OGOR reports over the years. Even if BOME has retained this data, determining what portion of
each of these reported volumes is combusted, or not, would be a labor-intensive exercise. It may be easier
to ID the platforms that have a true flare system that combusts the gas and apply these volumes.
The above effort would be needed because prior to 2010, PRA volume accounting provided volumes of
gas released from fields to BOME as "flare." Re-write of Subpart K in 2010 moved the offshore
producers to update their OGOR reports to reflect separate reporting into a flare or a vent release.
Comment: API provided an analysis of the GHGRP data to EPA in October 2014 and in our comments
on the Expert Review version in the GHGI. Table 2 compares emissions factors that API developed from
the 2013 GHGRP data, those proposed by EPA for the 2013 national GHGI (which are based on a
combination of 2011-2013 data) as well as combined 2012-2013 data that are proposed by API for the
2013 national GHGI.
Table 2. Comparison of EPA and API Analysis of GHGRP Data for Gas Well Completions
and V
Workovers with Hydraulic
Fracturing
2013
2011-2012
2011,2012,
2012 and 2013
GHGRP
GHGRP
2013 GHGRP
GHGRP Data
Data
Data
Data
(Proposed by API
Emission
(Used in 2012
(Proposed by EPA
for the 2013
Factor
GHGI)
for 2013 GHGI)
GHGI)
Category
Tonnes CHi/event
EPA
Vented w/out
28.8
38.0
36.8
Emission
REC
3.7
5.2
4.9
Factor
Flared w/out
3.3
3.2
3.2
Approach
REC
4.0
5.4
4.9
Vented with REC
Flared with REC
API Emission
Factor
Approach*
Vented w/out
REC
Flared + REC
38.3
2.9
48.9
4.3
47.6
3.8
35.4
3.5
*Note. the API derived emission factors are not a simple combination of EPA's 3 categories above. API's analysis
results in fewer "ambiguous" data sets. For 2013, the CH4 emission factors are converted from tonnes C02e using the
CH4 GWP value of 25 from the AR4. For 2012 and 2011. the CH4 emission factors are converted from tonnes C'02e
using the CH4 GWP value of 21 from the SAR.
As Table 2 shows, the emission factors for workovers and completions flared without REC, flared with
REC, and vented with REC are essentially the same within the expected uncertainty bounds.
Over time, the majority of completions and workovers will utilize REC due to regulatory requirements
and increased use of control technologies such as gas separation and capture with, or without, flaring. API
continues to contend that these three categories can be combined resulting in only two categories for
grouping the completion and workover emissions data for deriving representative emission factors. These
two categories will be more straightforward to back cast for previous reporting years in the national
GHGI and are consistent with current practices and the phased-in implementation of emission control
regulations.
EPA's memo on the proposed revisions to hydraulically fractured gas well completions and workovers
does not indicate any assumptions EPA used in evaluating the GHGRP data for the 2013 national GHGI.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
11
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Differences between API's analysis and EPA's are apparent in the comparison of emission factors for
vented completions and workovers without REC, indicating different assumptions in the analysis. EPA
should document any assumptions used in the approach.
Finally, due to potential data issues associated with the first year of reporting, API suggests excluding
2011 data in the development of emission factors. The GHGRP provides sufficient data to support annual
updates to the emission factors for years going forward, as indicated by the API proposed emission
factors that are based on the GHGRP data from 2012-2013 only.
Comment: API's analysis of the GHGRP data shown in Table 2 is based on information from 4,843 of
the total 27,207 completion and workover events reported for 2013. Additional information will be
reported through the GHGRP in 2015 as companies report previously deferred data. The deferred data
should provide additional clarity and improve the ability to classify the completions and workovers
emissions. API also believes that the quality of emission data reported to the GHGRP has improved over
time. Therefore, API suggests that EPA examine data that would be reported through the GHGRP by the
end of March 2015 and consider its applicability for potential development of regional emission factors
and activity data that could be used starting with the 2014 national GHGI.
Comment: API appreciates EPA's effort to improve transparency and reproducibility in the way it
generates the natural gas and petroleum system well counts. As EPA has proposed in the 2013 national
GHGI, API believes the approach to classifying all active production wells as either "Non-associated Gas
Wells" or "Oil Wells," then defining an oil well sub-population as "Associated Gas Wells," all based
solely on GOR would simplify the well count process and improve reproducibility. API also believes this
approach would be the best option to implement since this option clarifies the well count process while
still allowing for a distinction between associated and non-associated gas wells. In the expert review
version of the inventory, API had commented that if this approach is adopted, EPA should use a GOR
ratio of >100 Mcf/bbl to define a "gas well" versus an "oil well" and then use the GOR > 6 Mcf/bbl
threshold to define an "associated gas well" as a subset of "oil wells" to best reflect the wide range of
definitions used by the states.
EPA had stated that they would "apply a GOR threshold to identify a sub-population of 'Oil Wells' that
produce substantial amounts of gas and should be classified as 'Associated Gas'." However, in the Public
Comment version of the 2013 GHGI, EPA essentially chose a GOR of zero for the threshold by deciding
that "any well within the oil wells population . . . that also produces any gas is classified as an associated
gas well in the Inventory" (emphasis added). This means that any well with a GOR of 100 MCF/Bbl or
less (the threshold for an oil well) that also has any gas production, will be categorized as an associated
gas well.
API believes that this choice is incorrect. It is very common for wells that produce mainly oil to also
produce a small amount of gas (as demonstrated in the query into the Drilling Info database as shown in
Table 3 below). The difference between the previously proposed Options (as described in the Expert
Review version of the 2013 GHGI) is that the preferred approach meant "to treat oil wells with significant
gas production differently than primarily gas-producing or oil-producing wells (as they are expected to
have emissions somewhere between the two populations)—and therefore included a population of
'associated gas' wells." By not including a meaningful threshold to distinguish the sub-population of
associated gas wells from oil wells, the way EPA has elected to implement this approach fails to treat
these wells differently.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
12
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As EPA notes, "The GOR selected to define the "Associated Gas Wells" population will need to be
thoughtfully chosen and well-documented/' API recommends using a threshold of 6 MCF/Bbl to separate
out the subpopulation of "associated gas wells" from the selection of oil wells. This is the threshold that
the EIA uses to classify associated gas wells versus oil wells. Table 3 below exhibits the difference in
well counts when using a threshold of 6 MCF/Bbl versus a threshold of any gas production. The example
is based on a sample of 2014 wells in the Eagle Ford and Williston basins using the Drilling Info
database. In each case, "Gas Wells" and "Oil Wells" are distinguished by the 100 MCF/Bbl threshold
described by EPA. The example emphasizes that using the EPA's definition for "associated gas wells"
would classify virtually all "oil wells" as "associated gas wells" in the Williston and Eagle Ford Basins.
Table 3. Comparison of W ell Counts for Williston ad Eagle Ford Basins
Threshold for Associated
Associated Gas Wells
Strictly Oil Wells
Gas Wells
Gas Wells
Oil Wells
(Sub-population)
(Sub-population)
Williston Basin
Any Gas Production (EPA)
2,844
13,499
13,498
1
6 MCF/Bbl
2,844
13,499
280
13,219
Eagle Ford Basin
Any Gas Production (EPA)
606
11,893
11,734
159
6 MCF/Bbl
606
11,893
3,175
8,718
Despite the obvious bias introduced by EPA's implementation of the selected approach, API recognizes
that EPA might not be in a position to make major changes to the GHGI prior to submitting it to the
UNFCCC by mid-April 2015. Nonetheless, API is urging EPA to note in the final report for the 1990-
2013 GHGI that their assignment of "associated gas wells" within the "oil wells" category may be
challenging and may lead to over counting "associated gas well", and is not compatible with EIA's and
States" approaches as well as industry's recommendations. EPA should go further and commit itself to
address this issue more fully as part of methodology improvements for the next GHGI cycle.
Comment: It should also be noted that in EPA's supplemental note on pneumatic controllers the
discussion on controller counts per well refers to only some 400,000 wells nationwide, which is less than
half the wells in the U.S. API expects that with the updated pneumatic device inventories that would
become available with 2014 data, it will be possible to improve both the counts of pneumatic devices per
well.
Comment: Emissions from condensate tanks in natural gas production operations have increased 13%
from 2012 due to large increases in the activity data. The memo on Proposed Revisions to Well Counts
Data indicates that condensate production data are taken from EIA. Such a large increase in the activity
data warrants an explanation in the 2013 national Inventory.
Comment: There is a discrepancy in the emissions data reported for gas well completions and workovers
with hydraulic fracturing in the Rocky Mountain region. Table A-133 (page A-189) reports 604,275
workovers per year for this one region. This appears to be a typo.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
13
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Commenter: Lesley Fleischman and David McCabe
Clean Air Task Force (CATF)
Comment: We are pleased to see that EPA is working to improve the GHG Inventory on multiple fronts
and is using new data sets as they become available. We also endorse efforts to make the methodology of
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems sections of the inventory more transparent.
Comment: Based on our review of the Pneumatics Memo and Appendix 3 of the Public Draft, CATF
agrees that the Inventory should apportion emissions reductions reported to Natural Gas STAR for
pneumatic controllers between the Natural Gas and Petroleum Systems sections of the Inventory.
However, the overall approach EPA takes to pneumatic controllers produces inventory documents which
are very opaque. EPA should use a similar approach as used for well completions to tabulate emissions
from pneumatic controllers. Instead of listing potential emissions and regulatory and voluntary reductions
for pneumatic controllers, EPA should list net emissions for multiple classes of pneumatic controllers,
such as high-continuous bleed, low-continuous bleed, intermittent bleed, and zero-bleed. The final
category has no emissions, but should be tracked in the inventory to provide fuller information about
activity levels. This approach would closely parallel the approach used for gas well completion emissions.
Voluntary and regulatory emissions reductions from pneumatic controllers are quite substantial and EPA
may wish to tabulate the magnitude of those reductions in the inventory. This is easily handled with a
separate table.
This would be far better than handling the various classes of controller by calculating the average
emissions per controller, as the inventory currently does. This would make the inventory easier to
understand, make it easier to compare inventory emissions factors to measurements in the field, and make
the implications of potential future policies clearer. Finally, it would allow much more straightforward
comparison with the GHGRP and would make it more straightforward to tabulate the effects of NSPS
Subpart OOOO on emissions.
Comment: The Pneumatics Memo also highlights several studies that indicate that the number of
pneumatic controllers per well is higher than previous estimates. The Allen et al. 2014 study suggests that
there are at least 1.5 controllers per well, and the Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association study
suggests that there is an average of at least 3.6 controllers per well (and an even more for newer wells).
The current inventory estimates approximately 1 pneumatic controller per well, which is clearly too low
in light of these studies. Thus, we suggest that EPA increase its assumption about the number of
pneumatics per well based on these recent studies.
Comment: In Table 6 of the Pneumatics Memo, EPA notes that the OIPA study reports emissions factors
of: "Average 1.05 scf whole, gas/hour; 0.40 scf/h intermittent vent, 21.54 scf/h continuous bleed."
However, the emissions factors quoted in the OIPA study represent manufacturer reported emissions
rates, and thus they do not measured emissions rates. Studies like Allen et al. 2014 have found that
measured emissions are much higher than manufacturer reported emissions. Thus, we caution the EPA
against using emissions estimates from the OIPA study and recommend that EPA uses, or at least
considers, direct measurements in revising the emissions factors.
Table 6 also presents results from the Prasino Study. It notes that the report lists emissions factors of 9.2
scfh and 9.0 scfh for "high-bleed controllers." It is critical to note that the Prasino study considered any
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
14
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controller actually emitting over 6 scfh to be a "high-bleed" controller, even though many of the
controllers that they classified as such were designed to emit less than 6 scfh. Excess emissions from
these controllers, which are generally classified as low-bleed controllers (because that's what they are
designed to be, and in general well operators are not checking actual bleed rates from installed
controllers), are a significant concern. However, emissions from controllers designed to emit more than 6
scfh are probably considerably larger than emission from malfunctioning low-bleeds. Averaging in a large
number of malfunctioning low-bleeds into this data set leads to an average emissions factor which is far
lower than the expected emissions from controllers designed to be high-bleed. As a result, this emissions
factor is not comparable with other emissions factors for high-bleed pneumatic controllers.
Comment: We were pleased to see that the EPA is starting to think about including emissions from
abandoned wells in the GHG Inventory. This is an area with a great deal of uncertainty, both in terms of
the number of abandoned wells and the emissions from those wells. However, this could be a significant
emissions source and it could help fill the gap between bottom up and top down studies of methane
emissions. We encourage the EPA to review the Kang et al. study, published in December 2014 ("Direct
measurements of methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells in Pennsylvania").
Comment: EPA stated that it is seeking comments on the casinghead gas emissions source. The GHG
Reporting Program has data on casinghead gas emissions in the source category: Associated Gas Venting
Flaring. In 2013, companies reported methane emissions in this category of 84,103 metric tons. In
contrast, in the draft GHG Inventory, emissions from Stripper wells were 14,215 metric tons in 2013.
Thus, it is clear that the GHG Inventory underestimates casinghead gas emissions. One reason for this
discrepancy is the fact that casinghead gas emissions occur at a wider set of associated gas oil wells, not
only at stripper wells. Thus, it may be appropriate for the EPA to peg casinghead gas emissions to the
new category of Associated Gas Oil Wells, rather than the Stripper Well category.
Commenter: Theresa Pugh
Interstate Natural Gas Association of America (INGAA)
Comment: The T&S methane emissions inventory in the Draft GHG Report "increases" from 51.8
million metric tons CO2 equivalent (C02e) in 2012 to 54.4 million metric tons CO2 equivalent (C02e) in
2013. Some portion of this increase can be attributed to the EPA's decision to increase the global
warming potential of methane from 21 to 25. EPA should clarify the extent and impact of the changes to
the methane global warming potential on the National Inventory, including T&S methane emissions.
Comment: It also appears that the methodology used by EPA to calculate GHG emissions from the T&S
sector is a significant contributor to the year-over-year increase in emissions attributed to this sector. EPA
has not changed the emission factors (EFs) used for the T&S sector other than when EFs were updated to
reflect centrifugal compressors with wet seals. Nearly all other EFs from T&S are from the 1996 EPA-
GRI Report and have not changed since the National Inventory reporting started in the late 1990s.
Changes in Activity Data (e.g., compressor counts, facility counts) from year-to-year often are driven by
methodology rather than real changes in physical assets. Thus, nominal year-to-year changes in
"emissions" for T&S operations in the Draft GHG Report often are driven by methodology rather than
actual emissions.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
15
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As a result of this and other marginal year-to-year changes for other natural gas sectors, some have
reported that methane emissions from natural gas operations increased by 1.5 percent from 2012 to 2013.
This increase is likely a calculation methodology change rather than an actual change in emissions.
The Draft Annex Report indicates that the T&S methane emission increases from 2012 to 2013 are driven
by changes to the estimated number of storage station facilities and the related change in compressor
counts at storage facilities (i.e., compressor counts are based on the storage facility counts because an
average number of compressors per facility is assumed). According to footnote 2 in Table A-137 of the
Draft Annex Report, EPA adjusts the storage facility count from year-to-year based on "ratios for relating
other factors for which activity data are available." However, the related process or operational parameter
used for this scaling is not apparent. Therefore, INGAA recommends that EPA provide greater
transparency to explain the methodologies and assumptions embedded into its National Inventory.
This methodology has resulted in the following changes in storage station facility counts for the 2011
report through the 2015 Draft GHG Report.
Table 1, Annual Variants of Storage Facility Data Based Upon Prior Inventories
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
392
40S
3S9
344
40"
Similar relative year-to-year changes occur for reciprocating and centrifugal compressors at storage
facilities. Clearly, this is not indicative of actual year-to-year changes in the number of facilities and
compressors that are in operation. While there may be some year-to-year changes in the number of
facilities in actual operation, the discrepancies appear to go far beyond this. It should be incumbent upon
EPA to differentiate between changes in emissions attributable to actual changes in facilities versus
changes attributable to the methodology.
Regardless of the basis of the scaling adjustment, it is not apparent that this scaling provides a comparable
real-world change in methane emissions, especially since EFs are based on older studies and have not
been updated to consider Subpart W data. There also are assumptions in the National Inventory about
reductions in emissions based on Gas STAR Gold information that introduce some fluctuations (and
uncertainty). INGAA urges EPA to highlight and explain how these factors affect calculation of the
National Inventory each year.
The Draft GHG Report should be revised to describe clearly the calculation methodology and to clarify
the uncertainty in estimates and limitations in the data reflecting a year-to-year increase (or decrease).
Failure to clarify these calculation methodology changes can result in faulty and inaccurate conclusions
regarding total national GHG emissions and emissions from industry sectors. An accurate National
Inventory is essential for stakeholder understanding of emissions from the industrial sectors and for future
policy decisions.
Comment: U.S. domestic natural gas is a key component of the U.S. energy portfolio. Because of the
fuel's importance and the sharp increase in domestic supply over the past decade, interest in GHG
emissions—especially methane emissions from natural gas systems including T&S operations—is keen.
For many natural gas system emissions sources, including most T&S sector sources, the national
estimates are based on EFs from the EPA-GRI project that resulted in the 1996 EPA-GRI Report. Most of
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
16
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the EFs used for the T&S sector have not changed since the 1996 EPA-GRI report. Although EPA
updated EFs associated with centrifugal compressors with wet seals, nearly all other EFs from the T&S
sector are from the 1996 EPA-GRI Report and have not changed since National Inventory reporting
started in the late 1990s. Further, the fact that EPA has not differentiated changes in components (such as
through new technology or new measurements) may further compound the inaccuracies in the National
Inventory calculations.
With significant new emissions data becoming available from the mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Program (GHGRP) and other stakeholder projects, and new technological advances, it is imperative that
EPA undertake efforts to analyze the new studies, reassess and update historical emissions data, and
integrate improved emission estimates into the National Inventory.
INGAA recognizes that EPA has revised production-related methane emission estimates in recent annual
reports. The agency has made an effort in the past three years to review, compare and incorporate
GHGRP Subpart W data for the production sector. INGAA supports EPA initiating a similar process to
review methane emission estimates in the T&S sector.
Comment: Significant differences between the GHGRP Subpart W estimate and Draft GHG Report
estimate of methane emissions for the T&S sector suggest that the Draft GHG Report data may be over-
stated. The Subpart W methane emissions estimates are about an order of magnitude lower than the Draft
GHG Report estimate. This is due in part to the GHGRP reporting threshold that results in less than a
third of compressor stations reporting. However, if GHGRP Subpart W estimates are normalized and
scaled using the activity data for T&S estimates in the Draft GHG Report (i.e., based on activity data of
facility count and compressor count), estimates based on Subpart W data are still significantly lower than
the estimate in the current Draft GHG Report.
As the EPA is aware, the T&S sector (along with the gas processing sector) are unique within the
GHGRP, in that direct measurement is required for several key sources, such as emissions from
reciprocating compressor rod packing and leakage associated with compressor unit isolation valves and
compressor blowdown valves. Thus, thousands of measurements have been completed at T&S facilities
since Subpart W reporting began in 2011. The GHGRP data is intended to be used as a basis for the
National Inventory and related policy decisions regarding GHG and methane emissions, but the EPA's
Subpart W data for T&S operations are currently not being used for that purpose. INGAA urges the EPA
to integrate Subpart W data into the National Inventory.
Comment: The Draft GHG Report includes a "Planned Improvements" section that mentions the
availability of additional data from the GHGRP and other sources. It is imperative that the EPA
implement a plan to incorporate the GHGRP data for T&S sources into the existing 1990-2014 National
Inventory estimate as well as future estimates. INGAA offers its support for an effort to compile and
analyze this data to improve EFs from key sources such as compressors, and use updated EFs to improve
the National Inventory.
Comment: T&S facilities are required to measure many sources (e.g., compressor related vent lines) and
measurement data are available from GHGRP Subpart W reports submitted for the 2011-2013 annual
reporting years. The measurements for 2014, along with additional data from 2011-2013 related to EPA's
confidentiality determinations that must be reported this year, will be reported by March 31, 2015. This
data also should be integrated into the National Inventory.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
17
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Comment: Moreover, as the EPA is aware, natural gas systems operators, including INGAA members,
are also conducting a collaborative methane emissions project with the Environmental Defense Fund. A
Colorado State University paper on T&S measurements was recently published.5 In addition, a Pipeline
Research Council International project is compiling and analyzing Subpart W measurement data for
development of new emission factors for the T&S sector. It is imperative that this wealth of new
information be incorporated into the EPA's annual National Inventory.
Comment: INGAA believes EPA clearly and transparently should explain all changes to the methodology
it relies upon to arrive at its National Inventory. All stakeholders should have the ability to understand the
reason for any increases or decreases to the level of the National Inventory and changes attributable to the
various sectors.
INGAA recommends that EPA revise the Planned Improvements section of the Draft GHG Report to
define how EPA plans to integrate additional data, including Subpart W data, into its National Inventory,
with a goal to use updated emission factors in the 2016 annual National Inventory report. EPA should
work with all stakeholders, including INGAA, on this effort. A more accurate and timely National
Inventory will help regulators, the industry and the public understand the GHG Inventory and sources of
emissions.
Commenter: Wayne Evans
NorthWest Research Associates (NWRA)
Comment: GWPs should be 33 for 100 year and 82 for 20 year time scales from the IPCC 2013 report
Comment: A 20 year time scale is much more consistent with recent time trends in methane
Comment: Recent satellite data indicate that global methane in the NH is increasing again (since 2000).
This may be due to unaccounted for methane leakage of gas fields during natural gas production.
Comment: There is a large discrepancy between Bottom up and Top down measurements of gas field
leakage of methane. The bottom up measurements around gas wells indicate leakage rates of about 2% of
production. The top down measurements from aircraft indicate that basin leakages are around 9 %. The
discrepancy is about 7% of production. The satellite measurements are consistent with the aircraft
measurements. The most likely explanation of this discrepancy is that the gas basins are leaking in a bulk
sense. It has been shown that most gas deposits are overlain by layered coal beds. The boring of gas wells
punctures the coal beds and results in large scale gas leaks on a scale larger than the individual gas wells.
Fracking likely enhances this leakage process. The conclusion is that EPA is under reporting the gas field
leaks to the UNFCCC: 2% instead of 9%! Similarly, other countries are under- reporting their gas
production leakage rates.
Comment: If the gas field leakage rates were reported with 10% of production and a GWP of 82, then, the
US total greenhouse budget would be about 30% higher. Similarly the GHG budget of most gas
producing countries would be increased considerably more.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
18
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Comment: Until the combined gas field coal bed leakage effect can be resolved, one has to question as to
whether natural gas is really a climate change friendly fuel.
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
19
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Supplemental Material Received
Appendix A
Appendix A from the Center Biological Diversity comment on the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Sinks: 1990-2013
Appendix B
American Forest & Paper Association 2013 Statistical Summary of Pulp, Paper and Paperboard
Appendix C
American Forest & Paper Association 2014 Sustainability Report
Comments Received during the Public Review Period on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013
20
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Appendix A
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APPENDIX A
Table 1. The entries for source categories are directly from Table ES-2 ("Recent Trends in U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks") in the Draft GHG Inventory for 1990-2013 at ES-5. Data column 1 is a replicate of the last
column in Table ES-2, which contains 2013 data. Data columns 2 and 3 in this table were compiled using IPCC
AR5 100-year and 20-year GWPs, respectively for methane and nitrous oxide. These GWPs include climate-carbon
feedbacks, as recommended by the AR5. GWPs for HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3 were not altered. Methane GWPs:
column 1 = 25; column 2 = 34 (biogenic) or 36 (fossil); column 3 = 86 (biogenic) or 87 (fossil). Data columns 4
through 6 reflect the percentage of total emissions (prior to removal of sinks) for each gas/source.
Gas/Source
2013 2013 (AR5 2013 (AR5
(Inventory 100-yr 20-yr
GWP) " GWP) GWP)
MMT MMT MMT
CQ2eq CQ2eq CQ2eq
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(Inventory)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 100-
JZ)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 20-
JZ)
C02
Fossil Fuel
Combustion
Electricity
Generation
Transportation
Industrial
Residential
Commercial
U.S. Territories
Non-Energy Use
of Fuels
Iron and Steel
Production &
Metallurgical
Coke Production
Natural Gas
Systems
Cement
Production
Petrochemical
Production
Lime Production
Ammonia
Production
Incineration of
Waste
Cropland
Remaining
Cropland
Petroleum Systems
5,556.0
5,556.0
5,556.0
5.195.5
5.195.5
5.195.5
2.040.5
2.040.5
2.040.5
1.754.0
1.754.0
1.754.0
817.3
329.9
329.9
329.9
221.5
221.5
221.5
133.0
6
-------
Gas/Source
2013 2013 (AR5 2013 (AR5
(Inventory 100-yr 20-yr
GWP) GWP) GWP)
MMT MMT MMT
CQ2eq CQ2eq CQ2eq
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(Inventory)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 100-
JZ)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 20-
lH
Urea Consumption
for Non-
Agricultural
Purposes
Other Process
Uses of
Carbonates
Aluminum
Production
Soda Ash
Production and
Consumption
Ferroalloy
Production
Titanium Dioxide
Production
Zinc Production
Phosphoric Acid
Production
Glass Production
Carbon Dioxide
Consumption
Wetlands
Remaining
Wetlands
Lead Production
Silicon Carbide
Production and
Consumption
Magnesium
Production and
Processing
Land Use, Land-
Use Change, and
Forestry (Sink)
Wood Biomass and
Ethanol
Consumption
International
Bunker Fuels
CH4
Enteric
Fermentation
Natural Gas
Systems
4.7
4.4
3.3
2.7
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.2
-882.0
283.3
99.8
654.1
164.5
159.9
882.0
882.0
-12.6
283.3
283.3
911.9
2,259.1
223.7
565.9
230.3
7
-------
Gas/Source
2013 2013 (AR5 2013 (AR5
(Inventory 100-yr 20-yr
GWP) GWP) GWP)
MMT MMT MMT
CQ2eq CQ2eq CQ2eq
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(Inventory)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 100-
JZ)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 20-
lH
Landfills
Coal Mining
Manure
Management
Petroleum Systems
Wastewater
Treatment
Rice Cultivation
Stationary
Combustion
Abandoned
Underground Coal
Mines
Forest Land
Remaining Forest
Land
Mobile
Combustion
Composting
Iron and Steel
Production &
Metallurgical
Coke Production
Field Burning of
Agricultural
Residues
Petrochemical
Production
Ferroalloy
Production
Silicon Carbide
Production and
Consumption
Wetlands
Remaining
Wetlands
Incineration of
Waste
International
Bunker Fuelsc
N20
Agricultural Soil
Management
114.6
394.2
224.8
211.2
0.1
354.5
263.7
0.1
354.5
263.7
318.8
237.2
8
-------
Gas/Source
2013 2013 (AR5 2013 (AR5
(Inventory 100-yr 20-yr
GWP) GWP) GWP)
MMT MMT MMT
CQ2eq CQ2eq CQ2eq
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(Inventory)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 100-
JZ)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 20-
lH
Stationary
Combustion
Mobile
Combustion
Manure
Management
Nitric Acid
Production
Wastewater
Treatment
N20 from Product
Uses
Forest Land
Remaining Forest
Land
Adipic Acid
Production
Settlements
Remaining
Settlements
Composting
Incineration of
Waste
Semiconductor
Manufacture
Field Burning of
Agricultural
Residues
Wetlands
Remaining
Wetlands
International
Bunker Fuelsc
HFCs, PFCs, SF6
and NF3
HFCs
Substitution of
Ozone Depleting
Substancesd
HCFC-22
Production
Semiconductor
Manufacture
Magnesium
Production and
22.9
18.4
17.3
10.7
4.9
4.2
4.2
4.0
1.8
1.8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.9
177.6
164.3
158.6
5.5
0.2
0.1
22.9
18.4
17.3
10.7
4.9
4.2
4.2
4.0
1.8
1.8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.9
177.6
164.3
158.6
5.5
0.2
0.1
20.6
16.5
15.6
0.8
177.6
164.3
158.6
5.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
2.6
2.4
2.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
2.3
2.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
2.0
1.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
9
-------
Gas/Source
2013
(Inventory
GWP)
MMT
C02eq
2013 (AR5
100-yr
GWP)
MMT
C02eq
2013 (AR5
20-yr
GWP)
MMT
C02eq
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(Inventory)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 100-
yr)
Percent
total GHG
emissions
(AR5 20-
yr)
Processing
PFCs
5.8
5.8
5.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
Aluminum
Production
Semiconductor
Manufacture
SF6
Electrical
Transmission and
Distribution
Magnesium
Production and
Processing
Semiconductor
Manufacture
NF3
Semiconductor
Manufacture
3.0
3.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.9
6.9
6.9
0.1
0.1
0.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.4
1.4
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
6,742.2
7,000.0
8,311.5|
Net Emissions
(Sources and
Sinks)
5,860.2
6,118.0
7,429.5
10
-------
Appendix B
-------
2013 Statistical Summary
BST*. £%StatMill
. Association^1^
1101 K Street, NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 463-2700
http://www.afandpa.org
August 2014
PAPER
PAPERBOARD
PUIP
America's Forest & Paper People® Improving Tomorrow's Environment Today®
®2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction in whole or in part requires prior written permission.
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
Table of Contents
SECTION I - PR0DUQI0N AND RELATED OUTPUT DATA 3 -19
Production, Imports, Exports and New Supply 1965 - 2013 3
Monthly Paper and Board Production 2012 4
Monthly Paper and Board Production 2013 5
Total Paper Shipments by Grade 1995 - 2013 6-8
Total Paperboard Production by Grade 1995 - 2013 9
Unbleached Kraft and Solid Bleached Paperboard Production 1995 - 2013 10
Semichemical and Recycled Paperboard Production 1995 - 2013 11
Paper New Supply 1995 - 2013 12
Paperboard and Total New Supply 1995 - 2013 13
Paper and Board Capacity and Recovered Paper Consumption by State 2013 14
Paper and Board Capacity and Rec. Paper Consumption by Major States 2013 (charts) 15
Paper Capacity 1995 - 2013 16
Paperboard and Construction Paper & Board Capacity 1995 - 2013 17
Wood Pulp and Market Pulp Capacity 1995 - 2013 18
Paper and Paperboard Capacity and Wood Pulp Capacity 1990 - 2013 (charts) 19
SECTION II - U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE DATA 20 - 26
U.S. Imports 2011 - 2013 20
U.S. Exports 2011 -2013 21
U.S. Imports by Region 2013 22 - 23
U.S. Exports by Region 2013 24 - 25
Substitute Import/Export Figures 1960 - 2013 26
SECTION III - FIBER RELATED DATA 27 -28
Wood & Market Pulp Production, Fiber Sources, Pulpwood Consumption 2007 - 2013 27
Recovered Paper Utilization in the U.S. 1995 - 2013 28
©2014, American Forest & Pap er Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association {]_
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
Table of Contents
SECTION IV - EMPLOYMENT, WAGE AND PRODUCTIVITY RELATED DATA 29 - 33
State Employment Data for the Paper Manufacturing Industry 2005 - 2011 29
Compensation of Employees in the Paper and Allied Products Industry,
from the National Income and Product Accounts 1955 - 2012 30
Wages & Salaries and Number of Employees 1955 - 2012 (charts) 31
Wage Rates and Employment in the Paper and Allied Products Industry 2000 - 2013 32 - 33
SECTION V - FINANCIAL AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE RELATED DATA 34 - 39
Profit and Loss Data, Cash Inflow and Selected Balance Sheet Data
for the Paper and Allied Products Industry 1970 - 2013 34 - 35
General Financial Statistics for the Paper Manufacturing Industry 2010 - 2011 36
Value of Paper Products Manufacturers' Shipments and Inventories 2002 - 2013 37
General Statistics for the Paper Manufacturing Industry by State 2011 38
Capital Expenditures and Employment in the Paper Manufacturing Industry
by Sector (based on NAICS) 2001 - 2011 39
APPENDIX OF USEFUL WEB REFERENCES 40
DEFINITIONS & GRADE DESCRIPTIONS 41 - 42
This is the fifty-second edition of AF&PA's Statistics of Paper, Paperboard, and Wood Pulp.
This annual report covers the U.S. Paper Industry and includes a broad range of industry statistics. The
source of data in this report is AF&PA, unless otherwise noted. Totals have not been adjusted to account
for differences in rounding. Comments or suggestions as to how this report can be improved are welcome
and should be directed to Karen Hibdon at 202-463-2724 or by email at Karen_Hibdon@afandpa.org.
1
American Forest & Paper Association 020 Ammmn Fmst <* PaPer Asso^nm, i™.
-------
Production, Imports, Exports and New Supply
TABLE 1 Paper and Paperboarcl Production, Imports, Exports and New Supply1
Includes Wet Mochine Board and Construction Grodes
Excludes Wet Machine Board and Construction Grades
Year
Production
Imports
(Ind. Products)
Exports
(Ind. Products)
New
Supply1
Per Capita
New Supply
Production
Imports
(Ind. Products)
Exports
(Ind. Products)
New
Supply1
Per Capita
New Supply
thnufnyinf ni ffanvt tn-yie
pounds
thnut/Tuns: ni chnvf tn-ytc
pounds
l-IJUi4oiArtC4-o
-------
Paper and Board Production 2012
TABLE 2 A Paper and Board Production for 2012
thousands of short tons
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total
Newsprint1
260
253
280
268
274
268
270
275
239
256
232
263
3,136
Printing & Writing
1,581
1,535
1,597
1,469
1,574
1,551
1,533
1,611
1,523
1,618
1,479
1,399
18,471
Uncoated Mechanical (s)
151
147
147
139
150
151
139
138
120
139
124
111
1,655
Total Coated Papers (s)
598
575
592
545
593
618
594
632
635
659
596
547
7,184
Coated Free Sheet (s)
316
301
319
298
316
316
322
358
353
380
332
299
3,911
Coated Mechanical (s)
282
273
274
247
276
301
272
274
282
279
265
248
3,273
Uncoated Free Sheet (s)
773
750
791
731
768
718
735
769
707
753
696
687
8,877
Other Printing & Writing Papers (s)
60
63
68
54
63
65
65
72
61
66
62
55
754
Tissue Paper
619
591
621
595
598
580
626
630
582
617
598
626
7,283
Total Packaging & Other Paper
365
348
373
352
362
352
362
357
347
353
339
341
4,252
Unbleached Kraft Papers (s)
113
117
124
116
121
113
118
115
115
113
103
102
1,372
Bleached Kraft Papers (s)
17
14
18
19
17
20
20
17
16
15
18
16
207
Specialty Packaging & Other 2
235
217
231
217
224
218
224
224
216
225
218
223
2,673
TOTAL PAPER PRODUCTION
2,826
2,727
2,871
2,683
2,808
2,751
2,790
2,872
2,691
2,844
2,648
2,629
33,142
TOTAL PAPER OPERATING RATE
88%
91%
90%
87%
88%
90%
89%
91%
88%
91%
87%
84%
89%
Containerboard
2,888
2,735
2,931
2,697
2,887
2,843
2,915
2,975
2,830
2,908
2,867
2,927
34,403
Total Linerboard
2,051
1,934
2,058
1,885
2,036
2,043
2,078
2,109
2,005
2,072
2,018
2,059
24,349
Corrugating Medium
837
801
872
813
851
799
837
866
826
836
849
868
10,054
Boxboard
1,125
1,098
1,138
1,127
1,159
1,141
1,136
1,158
1,083
1,111
1,118
1,114
13,506
Total Folding Boxboard
581
570
590
577
604
589
587
584
550
565
588
584
6,969
Unbleached Kraft
211
209
204
215
215
208
220
205
182
186
199
212
2,465
Solid Bleached
177
183
193
178
205
200
178
186
176
184
198
191
2,251
Recycled
193
178
192
184
184
182
189
193
193
194
191
181
2,254
Liquid Pkg. & Food Service
255
253
250
255
250
258
251
276
247
251
247
257
3,052
Other Boxboard
289
275
298
294
305
294
298
298
285
295
282
273
3,484
TOTAL BOARD PRODUCTION
4,013
3,833
4,069
3,825
4,046
3,983
4,051
4,133
3,913
4,019
3,985
4,041
47,909
TOTAL BOARD OPERATING RATE
93%
95%
94%
91%
94%
95%
94%
96%
94%
93%
95%
94%
94%
TOTAL PAPER & BOARD
PRODUCTION
6,839
6,560
6,940
6,508
6,854
6,734
6,841
7,005
6,604
6,862
6,633
6,670
81,051
TOTAL PAPER & BOARD
OPERATING RATE
91%
93%
92%
90%
92%
93%
92%
94%
91%
92%
92%
90%
92%
$
£
1 Newsprint data are compiled by Pulp and Paper Products Council.
2 Estimated by yffl&PA
(s) - Shipments. Shipment data used where production data are not available.
-------
Paper and Board Production 2013
TABLE 2 B Paper and Board Production for 2013
thousands of short tons
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Newsprint1
257
228
235
212
228
216
220
230
227
228
213
229
2,723
Printing & Writing
1,547
1,377
1,508
1,469
1,474
1,451
1,537
1,550
1,532
1,613
1,407
1,447
17,912
Uncoated Mechanical (s)
132
115
130
131
132
125
136
133
131
139
141
135
1,579
Total Coated Papers (s)
591
504
562
539
548
561
582
595
619
626
529
528
6,783
Coated Free Sheet (s)
337
285
314
312
310
309
327
339
349
365
294
287
3,829
Coated Mechanical (s)
254
219
248
226
238
251
256
256
270
261
235
241
2,954
Uncoated Free Sheet (s)
764
700
755
739
733
704
757
754
721
784
677
723
8,811
Other Printing & Writing Papers (s)
61
57
61
61
61
61
62
67
61
66
60
61
739
Tissue Paper
635
586
636
625
631
625
643
648
613
627
601
619
7,490
Total Packaging & Other Paper
378
332
366
354
350
344
357
357
340
350
328
345
4,202
Unbleached Kraft Papers (s)
123
105
117
112
106
109
113
113
107
111
104
113
1,333
Bleached Kraft Papers (s)
21
16
17
20
21
21
21
22
19
19
10
12
220
Specialty Packaging & Other 2
235
212
232
222
222
214
223
222
214
220
215
221
2,650
TOTAL PAPER PRODUCTION
2,817
2,523
2,744
2,661
2,684
2,636
2,757
2,784
2,712
2,819
2,550
2,640
32,328
TOTAL PAPER OPERATING RATE
90%
90%
88%
90%
87%
88%
89%
90%
91%
91%
85%
86%
89%
Containerboarcl
2,973
2,662
2,854
2,806
3,010
2,953
3,065
3,090
2,817
2,933
2,720
2,838
34,721
Total Linerboard
2,127
1,898
2,044
1,989
2,158
2,120
2,189
2,202
2,007
2,095
1,951
2,035
24,815
Corrugating Medium
846
765
810
818
852
833
876
888
810
838
769
802
9,906
Boxboarcl
1,106
1,048
1,106
1,132
1,140
1,142
1,152
1,180
1,106
1,101
1,105
1,109
13,429
Total Folding Boxboard
571
554
560
571
586
579
591
609
564
544
568
563
6,860
Unbleached Kraft
214
199
197
213
222
212
208
215
189
181
211
206
2,467
Solid Bleached
164
177
169
174
174
192
186
197
185
170
171
183
2,143
Recycled
193
178
194
184
190
175
197
197
189
192
187
174
2,250
Liquid Pkg & Food Service
249
238
247
257
249
266
262
261
250
243
259
274
3,054
Other Boxboard
287
256
300
304
305
297
299
310
292
315
278
273
3,515
TOTAL BOARD PRODUCTION
4,080
3,711
3,960
3,938
4,150
4,095
4,216
4,270
3,923
4,035
3,826
3,947
48,150
TOTAL BOARD OPERATING RATE
94%
96%
93%
95%
96%
97%
96%
97%
95%
94%
91%
90%
95%
TOTAL PAPER & BOARD
PRODUCTION
6,897
6,234
6,704
6,599
6,834
6,731
6,974
7,054
6,634
6,853
6,376
6,587
80,477
TOTAL PAPER & BOARD
OPERATING RATE
93%
93%
91%
93%
92%
93%
93%
94%
93%
93%
88%
89%
92%
1 Newsprint data are compiled by Pulp and Paper Products Council.
2 Estimated by AF&PA
(s) - Shipments. Shipment data used where production data are not available.
-------
Total Paper Shipments
TABLE 3 A Total Paper Shipments by Grade
thousands of short tons
Coated Free Sheet
Coated Mechanical
Coated Two Sides
Total
Printing-Writing Total Total Total Coated Coated
Year Paper Newsprint and Related1 Printing-Writing2 Coated Free Sheet One Side
#23 #33
Total #5 +
Job Lot Mechanical #3+#43 Job Lot3
1995
42,899
7,002
25,405
23,922
8,795
4,371
470
427
1,094
1,894
293
194
4,424
772
3,652
1996
42,482
6,949
24,869
23,375
8,184
4,363
434
428
1,052
1,884
335
230
3,821
676
3,145
1997
44,697
7,215
26,628
25,066
9,317
4,811
430
452
1,167
2,391
166
206
4,506
825
3,681
1998
44,761
7,250
26,501
24,969
9,302
4,932
410
481
1,095
2,612
136
198
4,370
1,119
3,252
1999
45,979
7,179
27,156
25,569
9,580
5,105
391
458
1,092
2,877
67
220
4,475
1,270
3,206
2000
45,519
7,241
26,935
25,344
9,615
4,993
428
441
1,102
2,744
74
204
4,622
1,479
3,143
2001
42,103
6,360
24,433
23,050
8,876
4,486
399
311
1,057
2,408
105
206
4,390
1,556
2,834
2002 5
41,560
5,784
24,491
23,058
8,962
4,481
383
271
1,149
2,318
123
238
4,481
1,613
2,868
2003
40,370
5,676
23,713
22,382
8,708
4,191
347
214
1,131
2,298 4
200
4,517
1,583
2,934
2004
41,816
5,618
25,021
23,602
9,389
4,652
341
215
1,541
2,320
234
4,737
1,662
3,076
2005
41,397
5,392
24,494
23,205
9,330
4,626
329
188
1,481
2,409
219
4,704
1,721
2,983
2006
41,810
5,225
24,971
23,705
9,485
4,968
306
194
1,428
2,849
191
4,517
1,706
2,811
2007
41,267
4,921
24,887
23,688
9,660
4,997
295
221
1,461
2,837
182
4,663
1,879
2,784
2008
38,955
4,623
22,952
21,817
8,590
4,439
315
173
1,299
2,442
210
4,151
1,791
2,360
2009
33,808
3,298
19,370
18,470
7,009
3,638
307
115
843
2,135
238
3,370
1,361
2,009
2010
35,508
3,429
20,467
19,596
7,911
4,146
349
108
881
2,546
263
3,765
1,537
2,227
2011
34,344
3,267
19,470
18,698
7,442
3,988
355
118
859
2,446
210
3,454
1,490
1,963
2012
33,142
3,136
18,471
17,717
7,184
3,911
373
916 6
2,419
202
3,273
1,425
1,849
2013
32,328
2,723
17,912
17,174
6,783
3,829
338
903
2,404
183
2,954
1,263
1,691
1 Total of Uncoated Mechanical, Coated Paper, Uncoated Free Sheet, Cotton Fiber, and Bristols.
2 Total of Uncoated Mechanical, Coated Printing and Uncoated Free Sheet.
3 Data from 1997forward affected by grade reclassifications.
4 Coated Two Sides Nos. 3 4 Free Sheet have been combined to prevent disclosure.
5 Effective 2002 coatedpaper brightness levels have changed, which may limit comparability with prior periods.
6 Coated Two Sides Nos. 1 2 Free Sheet have been combined to prevent disclosure.
$
£
-------
Total Paper Shipments
TABLE 3 B Total Paper Shipments by Grade
thousands of short tons
$
£
Unseated Mechanical
Unceated Free Sheet
Offset & Opaque
Cover & Text
Total
Total
M.F., E.F.!
Other
Year
Uncoated Super-
Mechanical calendered
Other
Uncoated
Free Sheet
Bond &
Writing8
Ledger9
Form
Bond
Carbon-
less10
Tablet
Super- Papeterie &
calendered Wedding11
Envelope
Total
Rolls
Sheets
Total
Cover
Text
Uncoated
Free Sheet
1995
2,130
620
1,510
12,997
4,076
34
1,710
891
352
57
55
1,295
3,431
2,455
976
513
219
294
584
1996
2,028
568
1,461
13,163
4,289
28
1,747
829
370
54
57
1,351
3,479
2,571
908
501
222
278
460
1997
2,068
612
1,456
13,681
4,621
32
1,688
812
356
53
45
1,438
3,626
2,617
1,010
509
240
269
501
1998
2,062
564
1,454
13,605
4,780
31
1,594
704
309
65
39
1,418
3,749
2,750
999
437
200
237
479
1999
1,952
557
1,395
14,037
4,984
27
1,567
704
383
110
35
1,464
3,785
2,785
1,000
438
196
242
541
2000
1,832
578
1,253
13,898
4,985
21
1,378
817
335
116
23
1,513
3,862
2,833
1,029
429
150
279
419
2001
1,525
534
991
12,649
4,907
18
1,248
707
231
87
21
1,392
3,290
2,396
893
383
153
229
367
2002
1,668
687
981
12,428
5,003
17
1,204
648
208
50
20
1,422
3,111
2,310
801
344
158
186
400
2003
1,412
641
771
12,262
5,007
22
1,127
611
252
52
22
1,366
3,102
2,362
741
304
144
161
397
2004
1,658
675
983
12,555
5,171
16
1,103
585
274
116
21
1,452
3,049
2,323
727
299
148
151
469
2005
1,859
759
1,100
12,016
5,144
17
1,041
591
211
111
1,384
2,875
2,191
684
286
142
143
355
2006
1,916
735
1,181
12,304
5,268
16
1,002
536
228
82
1,389
2,933
2,150
783
318
175
143
532
2007
2,092
753
1,339
11,935
5,076
1,003
523
213
1,346
2,866
2,081
785
304
149
155
605
2008
2,282
708
1,574
10,946
4,877
963
481
187
1,228
2,546
1,815
730
234
132
102
429
2009
1,757
610
1,147
9,704
4,394
717
409
183
1,102
1,957
1,388
569
159
85
74
783
2010
2,130
678
1,452
9,556
4,191
714
393
202
1,059
2,097
1,460
638
172
94
78
727
2011
1,949
661
1,287
9,308
4,040
721
364
231
1,032
1,974
1,388
587
171
85
86
775
2012
1,655
531
1,125
8,877
3,852
676
322
210
971
1,818
1,281
538
123
61
62
905
2013
1,579
533
1,046
8,811
3,813
630
303
254
947
1,776
1,259
517
179
91
89
909
as
I'
=3
—n
O
&
7 Includes A.U Other Uncoated Free Sheet, Other Technical, Direct Une, A.ir Dried, Manifold and Thin Paper. Includes
Papeterie beginning 2005. Includes M.F., E.F. & Supercalendered and technical starting in 2007.
8 Mimeo and Duplicating combined with Bond & Writing.
9 Combined with Bond & Writing in 2007.
10 Includes both carbonless paper and base stock for carbonless coating.
11 Combined with Other Uncoated Free Sheet in 2005.
s.
o"
-------
Total Paper Shipments
TABLE 3 C Total Paper Shipments by Grade
thousands of short tons
Packaging and Industrial Converting
Year
Total Total
Cotton Fiber Bleached Bristols Total
Total
Kraft Paper
Unbleached
Kraft Papers
Bleached
Packaging
Papers
Specialty
Packaging &
Industrial
Tissue
1995
123
1,361
4,282
2,412
2,025
387
1,870
6,210
1996
133
1,360
4,399
2,348
1,971
377
2,051
6,264
1997
114
1,447
4,425
2,301
1,901
400
2,124
6,429
1998
122
1,409
4,425
2,174
1,860
314
2,251
6,585
1999
117
1,470
4,796
2,231
1,916
315
2,565
6,847
2000
104
1,487
4,432
2,035
1,707
329
2,396
6,911
2001
86
1,297
4,287
1,891
1,601
290
2,396
7,024
2002
83
1,350
4,159
1,835
1,545
291
2,323
7,127
2003
76
1,255
3,887
1,636
1,385
250
2,252
7,094
2004
71
1,348
4,066
1,654
1,400
254
2,412
7,111
2005
69
1,221
4,101
1,597
1,362
235
2,504
7,409
2006
63
1,202
4,111
1,579
1,370
209
2,532
7,503
2007
61
1,138
4,111
1,651
1,458
194
2,460
7,348
2008
49
1,086
4,147
1,687
1,492
195
2,460
7,233
2009
43
857
3,863
1,403
1,236
167
2,460
7,276
2010
23
848
4,303
1,620
1,435
185
2,683
7,309
2011
20
752
4,318
1,677
1,462
215
2,641
7,290
2012
12
742
4,252
1,579
1,372
207
2,673
7,283
2013
14
725
4,202
1,553
1,333
220
2,650
7,490
©
\3
k
I
§
23
&
$
I
J.
s
(5
ST
-------
Paperboard Production
TABLE 4 Total Paperboard Production by Grade
thousands of short tons
$
£
All Grades
Containerboard
Domestic
Boxboard
Domestic
All Other
Domestic
Exports
Corrugating
Liquid Packaging
Gypsum Walboard
Tube, Can
Balance of
Year
Total
Total
Unerboard
Material1
Total
Folding
Set-Up
& Food Service
Total
Facing
and Drum
All Other2
Total
1995
46,548
28,600
19,773
8,827
8,502
6,384
282
1,835
4,867
1,479
1,549
1,839
4,580
1996
47,935
28,975
19,770
9,205
8,469
6,476
250
1,742
4,911
1,552
1,572
1,788
5,580
1997
50,347
30,049
20,477
9,572
8,518
6,495
254
1,770
5,066
1,570
1,634
1,862
6,714
1998
49,793
30,279
20,911
9,369
8,603
6,666
245
1,692
5,123
1,579
1,574
1,970
5,788
1999
51,041
31,732
21,963
9,769
8,790
6,744
285
1,761
5,100
1,602
1,641
1,857
5,419
2000
48,972
30,571
20,920
9,651
8,801
6,705
235
1,861
4,666
1,416
1,628
1,622
4,934
2001
46,809
29,271
19,954
9,317
8,485
6,437
218
1,830
4,384
1,448
1,446
1,491
4,669
2002
48,126
30,486
20,823
9,663
8,379
6,349
206
1,823
4,361
1,429
1,509
1,423
4,901
2003
48,018
30,191
20,471
9,720
8,331
6,380
216
1,736
4,541
1,556
1,492
1,493
4,955
2004
50,085
31,912
21,614
10,298
8,441
6,340
198
1,903
4,751
1,625
1,583
1,543
4,981
2005
49,711
31,430
21,218
10,212
8,498
6,326
184
1,988
4,614
1,710
1,491
1,414
5,169
2006
50,415
31,986
21,882
10,104
8,550
6,340
187
2,024
4,494
1,616
1,485
1,394
5,385
2007
50,400
31,885
22,048
9,837
8,586
6,399
169
2,017
4,225
1,437
1,442
1,346
5,705
2008
48,446
30,288
20,776
9,512
8,356
6,218
141
1,997
3,819
1,203
1,368
1,248
5,983
2009
44,491
27,593
18,861
8,732
7,766
5,793
102
1,871
3,257
908
1,206
1,143
5,875
2010
47,460
29,794
20,523
9,271
8,047
5,950
96
2,001
3,360
865
1,323
1,172
6,259
2011
47,652
30,005
20,566
9,439
8,107
6,021
84
2,002
3,313
893
1,290
1,130
6,227
2012 R
47,909
30,080
20,485
9,595
8,076
5,961
75
2,040
3,385
1,023
1,305
1,057
6,368
2013
48,150
30,288
20,807
9,481
7,908
5,828
75
2,005
3,420
1,007
1,339
1,074
6,535
CD
s
=3
—n
O
a
11ncludes Container Chip <&" Filler Board.
2 Beginning 2005, Balance of A.U Other includes Unbleached Kraft Tube Can and Drum. Beginning 2009,
Balance of A.U Other includes Solid Bleached Unerboard. This is required to meet Antitrust Safe Harbor
R - R£vised
a
o"
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
TABLE 5 A Unbleached Kraft Paperboarcl Production thousands of short tons
For Domestic Use
Total
Total
Year
All Grades
Domestic
Unerboard Folding
All Other
For Export
1995
22,730
19,433
17,686
1,452
296
3,297
1996
22,174
17,928
16,108
1,473
347
4,246
1997
23,222
18,111
16,338
1,432
341
5,111
1998
23,198
18,929
16,903
1,662
364
4,269
1999
23,113
19,376
17,459
1,637
281
3,737
2000
21,796
18,430
16,486
1,716
228
3,366
2001
20,437
17,480
15,581
1,738
161
2,958
2002
21,086
17,954
16,024
1,740
189
3,132
2003
21,730
18,258
16,298
1,784
176
3,472
2004
22,665
19,275
17,270
1,789
217
3,390
2005
22,578
19,029
16,962
1,854
212
3,549
2006
23,415
19,663
17,623
1,884
156
3,752
2007
23,544
19,676
17,482
2,063
132
3,868
2008
22,169
18,251
16,186
1,975
90
3,918
2009
20,549
16,598
14,694
1,833
71
3,951
2010
21,355
17,343
15,486
1,857
-
4,012
2011
21,615
17,464
15,519
1,945
-
4,151
2012
21,844
17,632
15,668
1,964
-
4,212
2013
21,998
17,666
15,697
1,969
-
4,332
Source: AF&BA's Containerboard Annual Summary & Basis Weight Survey
TABLE 5 B Solid Bleached Paperboard Production thousands of short tons
For Domestic Use
Total Total liquid Packaging Other Packaging
Year All Grades Domestic Folding & Food Service & Non-Packaging1 For Export
1995
5,157
4,135
2,068
1,835
231
1996
5,082
4,090
2,088
1,742
259
1997
5,377
4,200
2,112
1,770
318
1998
5,338
4,216
2,145
1,692
379
1999
5,572
4,448
2,259
1,761
429
2000
5,297
4,213
2,223
1,861
129
2001
5,187
4,069
2,083
1,830
156
2002
5,180
4,027
2,057
1,823
146
2003
5,237
4,023
2,127
1,736
160
2004
5,506
4,178
2,105
1,903
169
2005
5,584
4,250
2,129
1,988
132
2006
5,620
4,287
2,105
2,024
159
2007
5,720
4,265
2,069
2,017
178
2008
5,689
4,194
2,031
1,997
167
2009
5,288
3,886
1,792
1,871
223
2010
5,616
4,068
1,829
2,001
238
2011
5,522
4,038
1,806
2,002
230
2012 R
5,482
3,978
1,765
2,040
173
2013
5,401
3,834
1,630
2,005
199
1,022
992
1,177
1,-
1,-
1,C
1,-
1,-
1,-
1,S
1,S
1,S
1
1/r
1,Z.
1,L
1/.
1,L
1,L
10 American Forest & Paper Association
Source: AF&PA's Paperboard Annual Statistical Summary and Time Series. R - Revised
1 Beginning 2009, Other Packaging and Non-Packaging includes Solid Bleached Unerboard.
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
TABLE 5 C Semichemical Paperboarcl Production
thousands of short tons
For Domestic Use
Total
Total
Year
All Grades
Domestic
Corrugating All Other
For Export
1995
5,673
5,536
5,532
3.3
138
1996
5,619
5,414
5,410
3.5
206
1997
6,047
5,779
5,778
1.0
267
1998
5,894
5,665
5,665
-
229
1999
6,010
5,711
5,711
-
299
2000
5,948
5,686
5,686
-
263
2001
5,579
5,267
5,266
0.5
313
2002
5,838
5,522
5,522
0.4
316
2003
6,096
5,962
5,962
0.1
134
2004
6,529
6,373
6,373
-
156
2005
6,414
6,239
6,239
-
175
2006
6,224
6,022
6,022
-
202
2007
6,160
5,863
5,863
-
298
2008
5,819
5,439
5,439
-
380
2009
5,213
4,858
4,858
-
355
2010
5,443
4,955
4,955
-
488
2011
5,431
5,025
5,025
-
406
2012
5,414
5,016
5,016
-
398
2013
5,313
4,926
4,926
-
387
Source: AF&°PA's Containerboard Annual Summary & Basis Weight Survey
TABLE 5 1) Recycled Paperboard Production thousands of short tons
For Domestic Use
Gypsum
Total Total Corrugating Tube, Can & Walboard Panel board and
Year All Grades Domestic Linerboard Material1 Folding Set-Up Drum Facing Other Uses For Export
1995
12,837
12,714
1,936
3,294
2,864
282
1,491
1,479
1,367
123
1996
14,906
14,770
3,508
3,795
2,916
250
1,499
1,552
1,250
136
1997
15,530
15,370
3,967
3,793
2,950
254
1,569
1,570
1,267
159
1998
15,214
15,047
3,858
3,704
2,858
245
1,495
1,579
1,307
168
1999
16,206
15,946
4,364
4,058
2,849
285
1,582
1,602
1,206
260
2000
15,791
15,569
4,294
3,965
2,767
235
1,615
1,416
1,277
221
2001
15,495
15,215
4,263
4,051
2,616
218
1,430
1,448
1,189
281
2002
15,906
15,607
4,683
4,141
2,552
206
1,487
1,429
1,110
300
2003
14,832
14,697
4,050
3,759
2,468
216
1,474
1,556
1,176
135
2004
15,237
15,129
4,195
3,925
2,446
198
1,544
1,625
1,196
108
2005
15,055
14,945
4,176
3,973
2,343
184
1,491
1,710
1,070
110
2006
15,071
14,973
4,174
4,082
2,351
187
1,485
1,616
1,079
98
2007
14,891
14,808
4,482
3,974
2,268
169
1,442
1,437
1,036
83
2008
14,690
14,501
4,513
4,073
2,212
141
1,368
1,203
991
189
2009
13,439
13,272
4,166
3,874
2,168
102
1,206
908
848
167
2010
15,045
14,835
5,037
4,316
2,264
96
1,323
865
934
210
2011
15,090
14,904
5,048
4,414
2,269
84
1,290
893
906
186
2012
15,167
14,913
4,817
4,578
2,232
75
1,305
1,023
883
254
2013
15,439
15,191
5,110
4,555
2,229
75
1,339
1,007
876
248
Source: AF&°PA's Paperboard Annual Statistical Summary and Time Series
11ncludes Container Chip & Filler Board
CD
r-«
«<
CD
a
CD
o
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association ll
-------
hO
CD
I"
=3
—n
O
a
Qo
Paper New Supply
TABLE 6 A Paper New Supply 1
thousands of short tons
Printing-Writing and Related
Packaging and Industrial Converting
Year
11
Newsprint
Printing-Writing
Papers
Uncoated
Mechanical
Total
Coated
Uncoated
Free Sheet
Other Printing-
Writing Related 2
Total Packaging
and Industrial
Converting Papers
Unbleached
Kraft
Other
Tissue
1995
52,769
12,762
29,550
4,967
9,720
13,355
1,508
4,241
2,034
2,207
6,215
1996
50,687
11,768
28,300
4,456
8,853
13,476
1,515
4,325
1,928
2,397
6,294
1997
54,149
12,612
30,751
4,818
10,263
14,080
1,591
4,265
1,801
2,465
6,521
1998
55,132
12,801
31,384
4,983
10,584
14,213
1,604
4,285
1,731
2,553
6,662
1999
57,304
13,087
32,528
5,182
10,870
14,739
1,737
4,711
1,820
2,890
6,978
2000
57,125
12,921
32,986
5,480
11,196
14,510
1,799
4,273
1,637
2,636
6,945
2001
53,464
11,469
30,617
5,227
10,226
13,430
1,733
4,307
1,601
2,706
7,071
2002
53,663
11,176
31,088
5,470
10,663
13,452
1,502
4,202
1,548
2,655
7,197
2003
53,198
11,050
31,007
5,538
10,829
13,265
1,375
3,957
1,320
2,637
7,184
2004
54,876
10,841
32,679
5,881
11,868
13,482
1,448
4,137
1,349
2,788
7,219
2005
53,693
10,123
31,988
6,205
11,701
12,765
1,318
4,048
1,178
2,870
7,535
2006
52,970
9,489
31,784
5,598
12,193
12,805
1,188
4,098
1,221
2,877
7,600
2007
50,881
8,348
31,045
6,206
11,564
12,155
1,121
4,072
1,298
2,774
7,416
2008
46,711
7,249
28,060
6,024
9,846
11,150
1,040
4,046
1,301
2,745
7,356
2009
39,374
5,258
23,028
4,820
7,610
9,761
837
3,663
1,002
2,661
7,425
2010
40,342
4,996
23,732
4,818
8,420
9,653
841
4,184
1,148
3,036
7,430
2011
38,504
4,570
22,457
4,432
7,983
9,333
708
3,999
994
3,005
7,478
2012
37,026
4,405
21,084
3,737
7,857
8,845
646
4,072
1,108
2,964
7,465
2013
36,539
3,921
20,823
3,840
7,501
8,876
607
4,134
1,123
3,011
7,660
g.
o"
I1
$
£
1 New Supply is Production plus Imports less Exports. If Production is not available then annual shipment
figures are used. New Supply is calculated using Import/Export figures from the U.S. Bureau of the Census,
unless preferred alternative Import/ Export data is available (see page 26).
2 Imports I Exports of Other Printing-Writing Elated may include a small amount of tonnage usedfor wallpa
per base and other miscellaneous uses.
3 U.S. Bureau of the Census is the sole source for Import/ Export data used to calculate New Supply of Paper
Paperboard and Products, and Total New Supply Including Converted Products.
R - Revised
-------
CD
B
Paperboard New Supply
TABLE 6 B Paperboard New Supply 1
thousands of short tons
Paperboard
Year
Total
Paperboard
Unbleached
Kraft
Semichemical
Bleached
Board
Recycled
Construction
and Other
1995
43,387
19,774
5,841
4,286
13,485
1,925
1996
43,383
17,934
5,689
4,244
15,516
2,108
1997
45,130
18,477
6,089
4,372
16,192
1,936
1998
45,672
19,313
5,974
4,366
16,020
2,147
1999
47,592
19,872
6,118
4,588
17,014
1,999
2000
46,021
18,958
6,020
4,353
16,690
1,877
2001
44,088
18,008
5,598
4,179
16,303
1,801
2002
45,291
18,491
5,829
4,142
16,828
1,617
2003
44,947
18,709
6,235
4,146
15,856
1,592
2004
47,201
19,825
6,678
4,326
16,372
1,663
2005
46,505
19,508
6,488
4,329
16,180
1,612
2006
47,107
20,083
6,324
4,372
16,327
1,616
2007
46,608
20,054
6,151
4,349
16,055
1,361
2008
44,246
18,721
5,716
4,374
15,435
1,030
2009
40,194
16,940
4,968
4,017
14,269
792
2010
43,061
17,717
5,081
4,193
16,071
759
2011
43,215
17,891
5,148
4,145
16,031
764
2012 R
43,244
18,042
5,122
4,094
15,986
751
2013
43,541
18,184
5,055
3,965
16,336
839
See footnotes on page 12.
©
a
a
o"
CO
Total New Supply
TABLE 6 C Total New Supply 1 thousands of short tons
Total All Grades
Paper,
Total All Grades
Including Construction
Paperboard and
Including Construction
Grades, Excluding
Converted
Grades and Converted
Year
Converted Products
Products3
Products3
1995
98,081
93,996
95,921
1996
96,178
92,535
94,643
1997
101,215
97,565
99,501
1998
102,951
98,980
101,126
1999
106,895
103,318
105,316
2000
105,023
100,932
102,808
2001
99,353
95,592
97,393
2002
100,570
97,331
98,948
2003
99,737
96,417
98,010
2004
103,740
100,220
101,883
2005
101,811
98,001
99,613
2006
101,693
99,048
100,664
2007
98,851
95,647
97,008
2008
91,986
88,808
89,838
2009
80,360
77,918
78,710
2010
84,162
81,025
81,784
2011
82,483
78,680
79,444
2012 R
81,022
77,868
78,619
2013
80,919
77,922
78,761
See footnotes on page 12.
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
TABLE 7 State Data 2013
thousands of short tons
CO
CN|
0
"5
"5
Geographic Areas
Recovered Paper Consumption1
Total Paper & Paperboard Capacity
UNITED STATES, TOTAL
30,143
87,349
Alabama
1,843
7,973
Arkansas
(D)
3,096
California
1,162
1,309
Connecticut
579
701
Florida
(D)
3,126
Georgia
2,352
7,526
Illinois
244
282
Indiana
735
716
Kentucky
(D)
1,818
Louisiana
1,853
7,538
Maine
(D)
3,484
Massachusetts
263
369
Michigan
1,467
3,314
Minnesota
790
2,216
Mississippi
208
1,890
Missouri
101
(D)
New Hampshire
62
(D)
New York
2,228
2,953
North Carolina
316
1,757
Ohio
1,063
1,650
Oklahoma
1,282
2,459
Oregon
1,046
2,680
Pennsylvania
836
2,455
South Carolina
936
4,733
Tennessee
931
3,010
Texas
631
2,536
V ermont
154
211
Virginia
1,583
3,901
Washington
1,211
4,697
Wisconsin
2,255
5,505
Mountain Region 3
364
1,051
States Not Listed4
1,572
1,884
Note: (D) - Withheld to avoid disclosure.
11ncludes construction grades and moldedpulp grades. Total does not include estimated consumption of newspaper grades for insulation, mailing bags and other end uses.
2 Data excludes met machine board, construction paper and insulating board.
3 Mountain Ikfgion includes Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah.
4 The following states have production and/ or consumption data which have been withheld to avoid disclosure: Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, New Jersey, West Virginia. No
data available for the following states: Alaska, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Wyoming.
141 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
Top 10 States by Recovered Paper Consumption--2013
3,000 I thousands of short tons
1,500 -
Mill
&
Jt / A* S J* J? jf S
? ^ ^ vd» if ^ J? J? J? r!#
* O* ^
Top 10 States by Paper & Paperboard Capacity—2013
9,000 -i thousands of short tons
4,500 -
O
i/i
1111
& & . sty -C& dP
/ ,/
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
TABLE 8 A United States Annual Capacity to Produce Paper thousands of short tons
Paper & Paperboard |
| Paper |
I Newsprint
Printing & Writing
Year
Total
Total
Total
Total
Uncoated
Mechanical
Coated
Coated Free
Mechanical Sheet
Uncoated
Free
Sheet
Solid
Cotton Bleached
Fiber Bristols
1995
95,749
46,700
7,253
27,495
2,198
4,493
4,876
14,206
189
1,533
1996
98,494
47,167
7,303
27,852
2,306
4,319
5,123
14,488
193
1,423
1997
101,263
48,016
7,442
28,468
2,182
4,513
5,359
14,701
209
1,504
1998
101,833
48,174
7,387
28,794
2,101
4,647
5,391
14,915
211
1,529
1999
102,432
49,020
7,433
29,135
2,028
4,639
5,609
15,222
207
1,430
2000
103,875
49,578
7,464
29,389
1,956
4,849
5,617
15,226
187
1,554
2001
101,886
48,000
7,125
28,016
1,822
4,942
5,411
14,230
172
1,439
2002
100,520
47,079
7,031
27,271
2,010
5,039
5,030
13,620
160
1,412
2003
100,074
47,106
6,940
27,099
1,867
4,975
4,820
13,875
156
1,406
2004
100,038
46,959
6,625
27,274
2,073
4,979
5,017
13,682
120
1,403
2005
99,279
46,194
5,758
27,458
2,242
4,991
5,132
13,558
120
1,415
2006
97,663
45,459
5,526
27,129
2,261
4,674
5,306
13,366
115
1,407
2007
97,052
44,711
5,323
26,651
2,271
4,780
5,295
12,952
108
1,245
2008
96,285
43,329
4,863
25,563
2,373
4,665
5,185
12,095
95
1,150
2009
93,923
41,537
4,819
23,895
2,521
4,182
4,575
11,436
90
1,091
2010
91,045
40,578
4,480
22,675
2,700
3,896
4,433
10,670
91
885
2011
89,778
38,856
3,718
21,653
2,297
3,636
4,346
10,398
83
893
2012
88,315
37,324
3,508
20,566
1,975
3,404
4,333
9,962
80
812
2013
87,349
36,450
3,271
19,689
1,693
3,320
4,189
9,620
39
828
Packaging & Industrial Converting
Year
Total
Unbleached
Kraft
Bleached
Packaging &
Ind. Conv.
Specialty
Packaging
Special
Industrial
Tissue
Total
16 American Forest & Paper Association
1995
5,400
2,563
511
680
1,646
6,552
1996
5,358
2,409
507
687
1,755
6,654
1997
5,224
2,276
413
839
1,696
6,882
1998
5,114
2,134
398
809
1,773
6,879
1999
5,331
2,135
449
1,049
1,698
7,121
2000
5,277
2,029
375
1,183
1,690
7,448
2001
5,065
1,896
372
1,151
1,646
7,794
2002
4,816
1,786
374
1,091
1,565
7,961
2003
4,976
1,765
380
1,096
1,735
8,091
2004
4,894
1,690
335
1,188
1,681
8,166
2005
4,703
1,653
332
1,154
1,564
8,275
2006
4,565
1,566
204
1,146
1,649
8,239
2007
4,623
1,602
213
1,098
1,710
8,114
2008
4,680
1,676
194
1,141
1,669
8,223
2009
4,488
1,628
204
1,156
1,500
8,335
2010
4,941
1,811
214
1,151
1,765
8,482
2011
4,914
1,805
262
1,142
1,705
8,571
2012
4,843
1,704
253
1,123
1,763
8,407
2013
4,867
1,718
248
1,237
1,664
8,622
Source: slF&PA's Paper, Paperboard and Wood Pulp Capacity Survey.
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
TABLE 8 B United States Annual Capacity to Produce Paperboard
thousands of short tons
Paperboard
Boxboard & Other Paperboard
Year
Total
Total
Unbleached
Kraft
Folding
Unbleached Solid Uquid
Other Bleathet! Pnckaging &
Folding Food Service
Bleached
Other1
Recycled
Ctd & Unctd
Board
Gypsum
Wall Board
Facing
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
49
51
53
53
53
54
53
53
52
53
53
52
52
52
52
50
50
50
50
049
327
247
659
412
297
886
441
968
079
085
204
341
956
386
467
922
991
900
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
22
22
21
21
21
15
20
20
14
19
14
357
674
024
127
790
881
689
619
511
365
916
318
085
949
330
157
919
644
590
845
017
073
284
425
413
435
477
446
408
448
522
575
575
500
500
522
549
499
481
476
444
408
510
492
399
346
331
377
319
355
351
377
294
2,557
2,763
3,032
3,001
3,092
3,061
3,003
3,108
3,219
3,190
3,236
2,977
3,111
3,148
2,976
2,611
2,475
2,399
2,202
354
406
359
393
441
443
488
434
485
580
736
703
729
735
746
009
121
202
250
285
143
149
151
245
227
213
210
143
187
134
130
156
149
141
245
235
188
204
371
363
404
305
469
525
380
216
009
860
586
415
225
233
941
061
040
890
866
1,464
1,506
1,563
1,585
1,608
1,720
1,771
1,828
1,869
1,903
1,871
1,801
1,713
1,732
1,791
1,670
1,526
1,526
1,569
CD
O
Containerboard
Unbleached
Bleached
Semi-
Kraft
Kraft
chemical
Recycled
Recycled
Year
Total
Liner
Liner1
Medium
Liner
Medium2
1995
33,692
21,363
178
5,994
2,481
3,676
1996
35,653
21,624
209
5,778
3,775
4,267
1997
37,223
22,215
215
5,982
4,489
4,322
1998
37,532
22,254
179
5,955
4,637
4,507
1999
36,622
20,734
180
6,132
5,059
4,517
2000
37,416
20,964
158
6,331
5,291
4,672
2001
37,197
20,533
128
6,409
5,230
4,897
2002
36,822
20,336
126
6,452
5,199
4,709
2003
36,466
20,773
148
6,472
4,615
4,458
2004
36,574
20,927
167
6,710
4,385
4,385
2005
36,755
20,951
84
6,884
4,403
4,433
2006
36,301
21,078
89
6,331
4,332
4,471
2007
36,481
21,288
90
6,200
4,602
4,301
2008
37,007
21,393
87
6,080
5,037
4,410
2009
36,997
21,219
92
6,108
5,132
4,446
2010
35,371
19,808
5,578
5,462
4,523
2011
36,003
20,225
5,588
5,539
4,651
2012
36,237
20,445
5,485
5,364
4,943
2013
36,309
20,400
5,377
5,689
4,843
' Starting 2010, Bleached Kraft Uner numbers included in Bleached Other Paperboard
TABLE 8 C
thousands of short tons
Construction Paper & Board
& Wet Machine Board
Construction
Wet
Machine
Insulating
Year
Total
Paper3
Board3
Board3
1995
2,188
905
117
1,166
1996
2,227
907
117
1,203
1997
2,147
911
108
1,128
1998
2,165
904
117
1,144
1999
2,035
785
84
1,166
2000
1,990
790
77
1,123
2001
1,882
703
66
1,113
2002
1,882
703
66
1,113
2003
1,891
724
66
1,101
2004
1,884
720
62
1,102
2005
1,877
710
63
1,104
2006
1,870
700
64
1,106
2007
1,768
677
60
1,031
2008
1,747
651
65
1,031
2009
1,488
528
64
896
2010
1,317
2011
1,145
2012
1,140
2013
1,082
O
«/»
3:
o*
CD
O0
o
©2014, American Forest & Pap er Association, Inc.
] Starting 2010, Total Capacity for Construction Paper &
Board is not broken out by category.
American Forest & Paper Association 17
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
TABLE 9 A United States Annual Capacity to Produce Wood Pulp
thousands of short tons
Wood Pulp for
Paper & Board
Dissolving
Chemical Paper Grades
Year
Total
Total
Total
SULFATE
SULFITE Bleached
Total Hardwood
SULFATE
Bleached SULFATE
Softwood Unbleached
Semi-
chemical
Mechanical
Wood Pulp for
Construction
Paper & Board
Total
Total
Total
1995
68,799
1,435
56,275
1,330
16,940
15,107
22,898
4,269
6,820
622
1996
68,793
1,483
56,198
1,288
16,538
15,439
22,933
4,255
6,857
722
1997
70,319
1,154
57,802
1,291
17,202
15,377
23,932
4,267
7,096
735
1998
69,887
1,100
56,499
1,283
16,931
14,535
23,750
5,281
7,007
726
1999
68,946
1,101
56,179
1,220
17,097
14,956
22,906
4,410
7,256
704
2000
69,931
1,183
57,222
1,230
17,399
14,859
23,734
4,447
7,079
597
2001
68,414
1,155
56,216
943
16,966
14,968
23,339
4,459
6,584
551
2002
68,052
1,175
56,087
855
16,779
14,994
23,459
4,436
6,354
550
2003
67,637
998
55,854
832
16,914
15,069
23,039
4,577
6,208
542
2004
67,547
875
55,956
722
16,811
15,265
23,158
4,496
6,220
543
2005
67,401
876
56,138
654
16,939
15,410
23,135
4,261
6,126
542
2006
66,370
843
55,403
553
16,397
15,194
23,259
4,028
6,096
542
2007
66,442
745
55,502
557
16,230
15,312
23,403
3,949
6,246
542
2008
65,965
752
55,245
519
16,131
15,333
23,262
3,974
5,994
542
2009
65,245
737
54,588
481
15,529
14,985
23,593
3,933
5,987
524
2010
63,503
767
53,057
475
14,978
14,794
22,810
3,657
6,022
442
2011
63,340
894
53,170
474
14,736
14,857
23,103
3,651
5,625
405
2012
63,353
938
53,402
289
14,659
15,086
23,368
3,619
5,394
405
2013
61,864
1,196
51,927
283
13,745
14,902
22,997
3,531
5,210
319
Source: siF&°PA's Paper, Paperboard and Wood Pulp Capacity Survey.
TABLE 9 B United States Annual Capacity to Produce Market Pulp thousands of short tons
Market Pulp
Dissolving
Chemical Paper Grades
Year
Total
Total
SULFATE SULFATE
SULFITE Bleached Bleached SULFATE
Total Total1 Hardwood Softwood Unbleached1
1995
11,125
1996
10,721
1997
10,505
1998
10,083
1999
9,741
2000
10,338
2001
10,514
2002
10,538
2003
10,624
2004
10,455
2005
10,680
2006
10,185
2007
10,442
2008
10,726
2009
10,785
2010
10,617
2011
11,023
2012
11,232
2013
11,028
1,435
9,690
1,483
9,238
1,154
9,351
1,100
8,983
1,101
8,640
1,183
9,155
1,155
9,359
1,175
9,363
998
9,626
875
9,580
876
9,804
843
9,342
745
9,697
752
9,974
737
10,048
767
9,850
894
10,129
938
10,294
1,192
9,836
187
3,811
175
3,323
177
3,415
75
3,132
113
2,706
113
3,106
3,152
3,155
3,291
2,800
2,806
2,369
2,454
2,631
2,572
2,395
2,256
2,310
1,878
5,434
258
5,443
297
5,295
464
5,332
444
5,416
405
5,552
384
5,776
5,757
5,887
6,326
6,441
6,498
6,758
7,118
7,060
7,115
7,520
7,648
7,649
1 Starting 2001, Sulfite and Unbleached Sulfate numbers included in Total ChemicalPaper Grades
18 American Forest & Paper Association 020 Ammmn Fmst <* PaPer Asso^nm, i™.
-------
Section I - Production and Related Output Data
U.S. Annual Capacity to Produce Paper and Paperboard
55,000 -i
45,000 -
35,000
thousands of short tons
»Total Paperboard Capacity Total Paper Capacity
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
CD
CD
O
U.S. Annual Capacity to Produce Wood Pulp for Paper & Board
75,000 -i thousands of short tons
70,000 -
65,000 -
60,000
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
O
o
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 19
-------
Section II - U.S. International Trade Data
TABLE 10 Imports by Year
value in thousands of dollars
2011
2012
2013
Short Tons Value
Short Tons Value
Short Tons Value
m
¦E
o
Total Pulp (Wood, Cotton & Other)
Wood Pulp
Dissolving & Special Alpha
Sulfite, Paper Grades, Total
Bl. Sulfite
Unbl. Sulfite
Sulfate, Paper Grades, Total
Bl. Sulfate
Semi Bl. Sulfate
Unbl. Sulfate
Mechanical, Semi-Chemical & Other
Cotton & Other Pulp
Recovered Paper
Paper, Board & Converted Products
Paper & Paperboard
Paper
Newsprint
Printing Writing & Related
Clay Coated Free Sheet
Clay Coated Mechanical
Other Printing Writing & Related
Uncoated Free Sheet 2
Uncoated Mechanical
Packaging & Industrial Converting
Bleached Kraft
Other
Unbleached Kraft
Tissue & Sanitary
Special Industrial & Absorbent
Paperboard
Kraft Linerboard (Unbl. & Other)
Other Unbleached Kraft Paperboard
Semi Chemical Paperboard
Bleached Kraft Paperboard
Folding Boxboard
Liquid Pkg. Stock
Other Kraft
Plate, Dish, Cup & Tray
Other Paperboard
Construction Paper & Board
Wet Machine Board
Converted Paper & Board Products
Wallpaper
Printing Writing & Related
Cigarette Paper
Packaging & Industrial Converting
Tissue & Sanitary
Special Industrial, Molded Pulp, Etc.
Boxes, Cartons and Drums
Sanitary Food Ctns and Other Bleached
Corrugated Paper & Board
No Tonnage Figures Available 3
6,170,822
3,863,905
5,632,328
3,201,245
6,135,013
3,495,198
6,117,086
3,830,369
5,599,197
3,185,347
6,112,163
3,485,337
273,981
366,413
363,124
369,916
223,990
306,860
240,164
129,230
237,137
128,680
238,246
119,230
240,106
129,216
236,612
128,401
237,316
118,759
58
14
525
278
930
471
5,190,068
3,139,769
4,664,181
2,537,460
5,343,868
2,932,971
5,040,351
3,035,217
4,509,697
2,439,112
5,169,220
2,831,279
59,233
43,455
49,415
42,134
45,276
41,332
90,484
61,098
105,069
56,214
129,372
60,360
412,873
194,956
334,755
149,291
306,059
126,275
53,736
33,536
33,131
15,898
22,850
9,861
1,004,809
170,734
1,094,024
152,882
893,931
123,247
13,171,363
15,343,984
12,555,655
15,086,882
13,128,656
15,410,194
11,116,086
9,485,317
10,489,713
9,117,255
11,006,645
9,318,570
9,219,093
7,990,410
8,737,981
7,688,335
9,041,359
7,672,028
2,511,754
1,463,910
2,289,266
1,344,160
2,332,198
1,290,467
5,482,516
4,507,129
5,190,731
4,298,497
5,415,035
4,344,533
836,122
763,600
746,781
677,923
747,264
658,435
835,516
709,634
1,032,239
838,942
967,859
775,747
36,129
53,308
32,514
49,573
35,057
53,776
1,009,662
974,395
1,042,531
1,031,020
1,127,682
1,053,832
2,765,087
2,006,193
2,336,666
1,701,038
2,537,173
1,802,744
405,844
492,854
421,148
497,337
434,557
503,443
176,447
231,850
194,214
232,773
184,835
219,862
72,146
115,507
65,588
117,452
74,274
129,441
157,251
145,496
161,346
147,112
175,448
154,140
322,541
379,232
323,829
371,881
328,950
378,249
496,438
1,147,284
513,007
1,176,459
530,619
1,155,336
1,782,870
1,433,960
1,703,382
1,396,526
1,925,665
1,619,741
217,921
174,203
195,783
146,281
258,566
200,766
209,401
164,322
214,238
171,308
260,090
224,233
122,822
56,906
105,435
48,756
129,468
70,189
106,638
132,786
115,394
153,205
132,461
180,995
6,462
7,698
8,319
8,435
3,467
4,897
4,870
15,884
11,164
38,522
16,689
52,013
30,156
36,121
26,088
30,017
25,815
28,957
65,150
73,082
69,823
76,231
86,490
95,128
1,126,088
905,744
1,072,532
876,977
1,145,080
943,558
113,845
60,495
48,071
31,958
39,396
26,415
278
451
279
437
225
388
2,055,277
5,858,667
2,065,942
5,969,626
2,122,011
6,091,624
4,406
44,190
4,596
48,188
4,975
51,172
168,461
702,344
167,642
715,182
161,722
688,387
35,951
193,193
39,635
208,307
32,593
180,888
267,189
938,852
271,700
959,698
285,711
958,344
686,504
1,798,455
681,069
1,757,860
689,361
1,823,223
284,517
687,160
287,796
736,311
292,837
746,990
423,798
1,082,686
412,024
1,073,361
422,420
1,127,486
152,305
358,348
178,366
433,755
194,226
468,976
32,146
53,441
23,114
36,965
38,166
46,159
~
784,486
~
798,072
~
788,854
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
1 Includes Paper, Paperboard, Wet Machine Board, and Construction Paper and Board.
2 Includes Uncut and Cut-to-Si^e Uncoated Free Sheet Paper.
3 Value included only in the "Total Imports"
4 Value represents Total Value, not CIF Value.
201 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section II - U.S. International Trade Data
TABLE 11 Exports by Year
value in thousands of dollars
2011
2012
2013
Short Tons Value Short Tons Value
Short Tons Value
Total Pulp (Wood, Cotton & Other)
Wood Pulp
Dissolving & Special Alpha
Sulfite, Paper Grades, Total
Bl. Sulfite
Unbl. Sulfite
Sulfate, Paper Grades, Total
Bl. Sulfate
Semi Bl. Sulfate
Unbl. Sulfate
Mechanical, Semi-Chemical & Other
Cotton & Other Pulp
Recovered Paper
Paper, Board & Converted Products
Paper & Paperboard
Paper
Newsprint
Printing Writing & Related
Clay Coated Free Sheet
Clay Coated Mechanical
Other Printing Writing & Related
Uncoated Free Sheet 2
Unco ate d Mechanical
Packaging & Industrial Converting
Bleached Kraft
Other
Unbleached Kraft
Tissue & Sanitary
Special Industrial & Absorbent
Paperboard
Kraft Linerboard (Unbl. & Other)
Other Unbleached Kraft Paperboard
Semi Chemical Paperboard
Bleached Kraft Paperboard
Folding Boxboard
Liquid Pkg. Stock
Other Kraft
Plate, Dish, Cup & Tray
Other Paperboard
Construction Paper & Board
Wet Machine Board
Converted Paper & Board Products
Wallpaper
Printing Writing & Related
Cigarette Paper
Packaging & Industrial Converting
Tissue & Sanitary
Special Industrial, Molded Pulp, Etc.
Boxes, Cartons and Drums
Sanitary Food Ctns and Other Bleached
Corrugated Paper & Board
No Tonnage Figures Available 3
9,330,148
5,977,677
8,395,524
5,595,654
8,386,428
5,589,184
9,068,200
5,719,495
8,126,025
5,335,973
8,146,838
5,369,148
695,688
816,746
728,677
951,369
816,125
1,016,074
129,272
73,817
84,836
44,421
64,879
30,257
115,174
68,686
64,320
36,997
45,802
24,866
14,098
5,131
20,516
7,423
19,077
5,391
7,963,927
4,708,375
7,050,330
4,212,509
7,135,805
4,258,430
7,059,290
4,356,538
6,349,222
3,878,206
6,519,099
3,945,393
567,313
200,075
445,608
218,413
374,621
198,056
337,324
151,762
255,500
115,889
242,085
114,981
279,313
120,557
262,182
127,674
130,029
64,387
261,948
258,182
269,499
259,681
239,590
220,035
23,179,198
3,757,181
22,187,777
3,382,063
20,794,113
3,140,183
16,453,471
16,242,283
15,768,729
16,171,773
15,693,754
16,470,881
13,902,472
10,571,571
13,125,845
10,205,664
12,890,893
10,172,413
4,782,227
4,772,157
4,637,994
4,798,381
4,544,767
4,603,506
930,233
534,631
805,423
453,668
847,672
445,237
2,495,949
2,487,712
2,576,318
2,558,908
2,504,029
2,396,381
656,496
661,517
645,238
641,806
620,420
592,147
473,479
344,254
460,442
388,897
376,409
323,156
99,887
98,473
140,765
136,667
167,424
158,237
984,464
1,137,521
1,075,070
1,174,381
1,063,108
1,110,119
281,623
245,947
254,803
217,156
276,668
212,722
780,322
495,912
588,565
469,484
520,516
439,720
97,788
107,084
107,918
108,247
91,526
95,531
57,096
99,704
55,520
87,663
43,125
83,411
625,438
289,125
425,127
273,573
385,865
260,778
134,545
169,195
142,307
176,470
158,623
198,911
441,178
1,084,707
525,381
1,139,852
513,927
1,123,256
9,048,038
5,744,464
8,409,977
5,355,361
8,296,658
5,531,339
4,893,079
2,375,595
4,361,490
2,124,792
4,077,085
2,209,647
1,077,406
721,375
1,077,807
680,442
1,185,901
784,767
400,381
195,078
388,658
180,696
360,575
183,577
1,914,623
1,948,232
1,813,638
1,836,170
1,797,109
1,771,129
593,388
590,511
494,375
508,420
545,268
541,248
561,697
616,543
533,221
591,033
521,221
574,188
542,483
505,749
555,689
500,635
475,644
415,750
217,055
235,429
230,353
236,082
254,976
239,944
762,549
504,184
768,384
533,261
875,988
582,220
71,491
54,306
77,419
51,168
48,985
37,187
716
644
455
754
483
382
2,550,999
5,670,712
2,642,884
5,966,109
2,802,861
6,298,468
8,149
83,038
8,041
84,572
8,174
89,407
154,361
700,484
146,734
724,152
156,123
765,178
11,249
39,915
8,551
40,871
6,251
34,352
389,320
951,967
433,362
977,497
466,625
1,023,064
547,526
1,632,035
586,901
1,767,512
609,065
1,833,663
55,022
150,430
58,124
160,545
56,177
159,309
868,978
1,400,216
807,717
1,414,281
822,779
1,493,456
190,330
412,583
204,341
443,944
211,997
454,123
326,064
300,044
389,113
352,734
465,670
445,917
--
229,186
--
192,391
--
200,117
w
o
CD
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
1 Includes Paper, Paperboard, Wet Machine Board, and Construction Paper and Board.
2 Includes Uncut and Cut-to-Si^e Uncoated Free Sheet Paper.
3 Value included only in the ((Total Exports" Category.
4 Value represents Total Value, not CIF Value.
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 21
-------
Section II - U.S. International Trade Data
TABLE 12 Imports by Region for 2013
CO
CN|
o
*531
4=
o
Short Tons
Value
Short Tons
Value
Total Pulp (Wood, Cotton & Other)
6,135,013
3,495,198
3,707,322
2,220,908
Wood Pulp
6,112,163
3,485,337
3,697,108
2,219,559
Dissolving & Special Alpha
223,990
306,860
126,373
150,442
Sulfite, Paper Grades, Total
238,246
119,230
234,127
116,884
Bl. Sulfite
237,316
118,759
233,207
116,415
Unbl. Sulfite
930
471
920
469
Sulfate, Paper Grades, Total
5,343,868
2,932,971
3,061,500
1,834,340
Bl. Sulfate
5,169,220
2,831,279
2,957,423
1,766,807
Semi Bl. Sulfate
45,276
41,332
37,125
29,517
Unbl. Sulfate
129,372
60,360
66,952
38,016
Mechanical, Semi-Chemical & Other
306,059
126,275
275,108
117,893
Cotton & Other Pulp
22,850
9,861
10,214
1,349
Recovered Paper
893,931
123,247
799,590
107,633
Paper, Board & Converted Products
13,128,656
15,410,194
7,768,636
7,225,184
Paper & Paperboard
11,006,645
9,318,570
6,887,363
5,009,035
Paper
9,041,359
7,672,028
5,612,780
4,018,755
Newsprint
2,332,198
1,290,467
2,323,584
1,286,091
Printing Writing & Related
5,415,035
4,344,533
2,824,160
2,168,618
Clay Coated Free Sheet
747,264
658,435
3,074
4,204
Clay Coated Mechanical
967,859
775,747
376,787
306,654
Other Printing Writing & Related
35,057
53,776
22,382
23,451
Uncoated Free Sheet 2
1,127,682
1,053,832
347,246
337,322
Uncoated Mechanical
2,537,173
1,802,744
2,074,671
1,496,986
Packaging & Industrial Converting
434,557
503,443
225,098
232,573
Bleached Kraft
184,835
219,862
110,688
125,691
Other
74,274
129,441
2,925
5,044
Unbleached Kraft
175,448
154,140
111,485
101,838
Tissue & Sanitary
328,950
378,249
123,068
158,450
Special Industrial & Absorbent
530,619
1,155,336
116,870
173,023
Paperboard
1,925,665
1,619,741
1,236,204
965,197
Kraft Linerboard (Unbl. & Other)
258,566
200,766
231,472
184,434
Other Unbleached Kraft Paperboard
260,090
224,233
29,532
15,282
Semi Chemical Paperboard
129,468
70,189
95,740
49,141
Bleached Kraft Paperboard
132,461
180,995
85,358
92,215
Folding Boxboard
3,467
4,897
1,644
1,367
Milk Carton Stock
16,689
52,013
64
76
Other Kraft
25,815
28,957
733
734
Plate, Dish, Cup & Tray
86,490
95,128
82,917
90,038
Other Paperboard
1,145,080
943,558
794,102
624,125
Construction Paper & Board
39,396
26,415
38,301
24,950
Wet Machine Board
225
388
78
133
Converted Paper & Board Products
2,122,011
6,091,624
881,273
2,216,149
Wallpaper
4,975
51,172
1,150
7,213
Printing Writing & Related
161,722
688,387
22,036
143,168
Cigarette Paper
32,593
180,888
3,536
28,476
Packaging & Industrial Converting
285,711
958,344
74,403
252,703
Tissue & Sanitary
689,361
1,823,223
337,783
981,444
Special Industrial, Molded Pulp, Etc.
292,837
746,990
143,862
181,368
Boxes, Cartons and Drums
422,420
1,127,486
190,796
401,979
Sanitary Food Ctns and Other Bleached
194,226
468,976
97,933
207,961
Corrugated Paper & Board
38,166
46,159
9,774
11,836
No Tonnage Figures Available 3
-
788,854
-
23,771
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
11ncludes Paper, Paperboard, Wet Machine Board, and Construction Paper and Board.
2 Includes Uncut and Cut-to-Si^e UncoatedFree Sheet Paper.
3 Value included only in the "TotalImports" Category.
4 Value represents Total Value, not CIF Value.
221 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section II - U.S. International Trade Data
value in thousands of dollars
Mexico & South America
Short Tons
Short Tons
Short Tons
57,896
42,598
17,637
16,528
2,352,158
1,186,941
0
28,223
55,441
39,929
7,456
10,685
2,352,158
1,186,941
0
28,223
10,507
11,511
0
0
87,110
116,685
0
28,223
3,954
2,298
165
48
0
0
0
0
3,954
2,298
155
46
-
-
0
0
0
0
10
2
0
0
-
-
40,399
25,747
7,030
10,590
2,234,939
1,062,294
0
0
33,553
21,292
2,396
1,261
2,175,848
1,041,919
0
0
1,951
1,602
4,634
9,329
1,566
883
-
-
4,895
2,852
0
0
57,525
19,492
0
0
581
373
261
47
30,109
7,962
-
-
2,455
2,669
10,181
5,843
0
0
0
0
828
328
4,580
2,285
88,933
13,002
0
0
2,368,716
2,998,399
2,065,394
3,805,487
751,408
1,262,771
174,502
118,352
2,236,721
2,302,840
1,272,494
1,443,421
443,841
455,254
166,226
108,021
1,838,844
1,913,927
1,128,749
1,308,960
378,842
371,276
82,144
59,109
8,583
4,356
31
21
0
0
0
0
1,538,861
1,284,103
764,949
645,432
229,035
204,150
58,030
42,230
380,955
366,035
362,558
287,516
677
679
0
0
471,258
369,679
118,912
97,848
826
1,518
76
47
2,614
3,756
9,903
26,392
0
0
158
177
239,390
265,032
256,099
208,381
227,174
201,178
57,773
41,918
444,644
279,601
17,477
25,294
358
774
23
89
130,274
190,693
15,200
28,180
59,813
49,337
4,172
2,660
59,892
69,810
14,254
24,356
1
4
0
0
51,381
96,475
474
2,555
19,494
25,367
0
0
19,001
24,409
472
1,269
40,318
23,965
4,172
2,660
28,387
35,665
115,073
121,766
61,807
61,719
615
649
132,739
399,111
233,496
513,563
28,187
56,070
19,327
13,570
397,311
388,024
143,071
133,652
64,997
83,956
84,082
48,911
4,668
3,437
3,703
1,535
299
191
18,424
11,168
170,597
173,374
868
2,197
1,765
1,745
57,328
31,635
32,022
20,343
1,706
706
0
0
0
0
17,786
29,944
3,576
6,524
25,733
52,297
8
15
688
803
1,055
2,650
80
77
-
-
3,563
9,076
389
1,132
12,673
41,730
-
-
10,114
15,377
2,011
2,475
12,949
10,356
8
15
3,421
4,689
121
267
31
134
0
0
172,238
160,927
133,218
122,690
37,200
29,723
8,322
6,093
436
667
657
776
2
22
-
-
130
222
17
32
0
0
-
-
131,995
695,559
792,900
2,362,067
307,567
807,518
8,276
10,332
2,176
23,009
1,630
20,795
1
8
18
147
21,566
89,598
69,595
282,150
48,488
172,470
37
1,002
21,700
121,086
1,281
13,805
6,076
17,521
0
0
21,934
94,413
142,276
512,581
45,922
95,401
1,176
3,247
15,752
67,162
253,303
516,790
82,286
257,168
237
659
22,997
192,996
71,278
274,490
54,650
97,846
50
290
15,289
63,783
166,659
537,468
49,579
123,785
97
472
4,650
25,284
72,598
194,746
18,749
39,736
296
1,250
5,931
18,228
14,280
9,243
1,816
3,584
6,365
3,267
--
44,686
--
555,129
--
144,162
--
21,105
O
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©2014, American Forest & Pap er Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 23
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Section II - U.S. International Trade Data
TABLE 13 Exports by Region for 2013
CO
CN|
o
*531
¦E
o
£
Short Tons
Short Tons
Total Pulp (Wood, Cotton & Other)
8,386,428
5,589,184
229,304
142,108 |
Wood Pulp
8,146,838
5,369,148
189,658
116,645 1
Dissolving & Special Alpha
816,125
1,016,074
99
139
|
Sulfite, Paper Grades, Total
64,879
30,257
23,808
9,582 |
Bl. Sulfite
45,802
24,866
12,982
7,089
Unbl. Sulfite
19,077
5,391
10,826
2,493 1
Sulfate, Paper Grades, Total
7,135,805
4,258,430
161,876
105,295 1
Bl. Sulfate
6,519,099
3,945,393
159,028
103,702
Semi Bl. Sulfate
374,621
198,056
2,673
1,483 1
Unbl. Sulfate
242,085
114,981
175
110
Mechanical, Semi-Chemical & Other
130,029
64,387
3,875
1,629 |
Cotton & Other Pulp
239,590
220,035
39,646
25,462 1
Recovered Paper
20,794,113
3,140,183
696,757
107,562
Paper, Board & Converted Products
15,693,754
16,470,881
4,049,659
5,426,417 |
Paper & Paperboard
12,890,893
10,172,413
2,770,919
2,518,587
Paper
4,544,767
4,603,506
1,418,473
1,599,551 1
Newsprint
847,672
445,237
102,105
60,595 1
Printing Writing & Related
2,504,029
2,396,381
751,158
870,780 .
Clay Coated Free Sheet
620,420
592,147
329,433
340,957 1
Clay Coated Mechanical
376,409
323,156
92,792
93,931
Other Printing Writing & Related
167,424
158,237
4,787
10,222 |
Uncoated Free Sheet
1,063,108
1,110,119
297,753
398,979
Uncoated Mechanical
276,668
212,722
26,393
26,691 1
Packaging & Industrial Converting
520,516
439,720
194,987
155,416 1
Bleached Kraft
91,526
95,531
40,143
42,294 .
Other
43,125
83,411
6,435
13,023 |
Unbleached Kraft
385,865
260,778
148,409
100,098
Tissue & Sanitary
158,623
198,911
84,993
100,872 1
Special Industrial & Absorbent
513,927
1,123,256
285,230
411,889 1
Paperboard
8,296,658
5,531,339
1,327,960
904,222 .
Kraft Linerboard (Unbl. & Other)
4,077,085
2,209,647
279,085
162,362 |
Other Unbleached Kraft Paperboard
1,185,901
784,767
224,218
152,517
Semi Chemical Paperboard
360,575
183,577
36,573
17,912 1
Bleached Kraft Paperboard
1,797,109
1,771,129
191,663
165,759 1
Folding Boxboard
545,268
541,248
66,978
62,710 .
liquid Pkg. Stock
521,221
574,188
2,320
2,736 1
Other Kraft
475,644
415,750
101,520
82,871
Plate, Dish, Cup & Tray
254,976
239,944
20,845
17,442 1
Other Paperboard
875,988
582,220
596,421
405,672 1
Construction Paper & Board
48,985
37,187
24,486
14,814 .
Wet Machine Board
483
382
-
I
Converted Paper & Board Products
2,802,861
6,298,468
1,278,740
2,907,829
Wallpaper
8,174
89,407
1,592
12,994 1
Printing Writing & Related
156,123
765,178
42,492
205,571 1
Cigarette Paper
6,251
34,352
3,733
14,016 .
Packaging & Industrial Converting
466,625
1,023,064
234,553
389,144 1
Tissue & Sanitary
609,065
1,833,663
428,255
1,320,130
Special Industrial, Molded Pulp, Etc.
56,177
159,309
22,220
50,988 |
Boxes, Cartons and Drums
822,779
1,493,456
297,094
510,454
Sanitary Food Ctns and Other Bleached
211,997
454,123
123,012
274,476 |
Corrugated Paper & Board
465,670
445,917
125,789
130,056 1
No Tonnage Figures Available 3
--
200,117
—
80,777 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
11ncludes Paper, Paperboard, Wet Machine Board, and Construction Paper and Board.
2 Includes Uncut and Cut-to-Si^e Uncoated Free Sheet Paper.
3 Value included only in the "TotalExports" Category.
4 Value represents Total Value, not CIF Value.
241 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
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Section II - U.S. International Trade Data
value in thousands of dollars
Mexico & South America
Short Tons
Short Tons
Short Tons
2,291,763
1,490,440
4,253,767
2,905,396
1,232,084
817,633
379,510
233,607
2,229,817
1,414,120
4,163,222
2,822,270
1,200,665
795,155
363,476
220,958
107,239
157,195
661,693
780,952
46,962
77,699
132
88
19,146
9,556
12,473
6,312
6,622
3,607
2,830
1,199
15,535
8,527
10,380
5,613
5,024
2,658
1,881
979
3,611
1,030
2,093
700
1,598
949
949
220
2,091,369
1,242,528
3,396,777
1,986,564
1,131,967
706,884
353,816
217,159
2,066,975
1,230,721
2,986,921
1,778,968
954,000
615,712
352,175
216,290
22,622
11,402
171,375
94,092
176,678
90,401
1,273
677
1,772
405
238,481
113,505
1,289
770
368
192
12,063
4,841
92,279
48,441
15,114
6,964
6,698
2,512
61,946
76,320
90,545
83,126
31,419
22,478
16,034
12,649
321,790
81,543
18,224,691
2,641,021
1,535,981
305,991
14,894
4,066
2,008,757
1,862,039
3,186,348
2,943,036
5,908,455
5,760,488
540,535
478,902
1,909,255
1,438,701
3,040,192
2,442,109
4,668,512
3,399,339
502,015
373,677
471,149
531,541
1,006,951
876,728
1,482,902
1,445,959
165,292
149,727
5,092
2,320
428,384
209,088
290,733
160,119
21,358
13,115
365,022
292,098
345,400
272,199
927,470
867,049
114,979
94,256
18,583
19,051
86,700
68,949
149,973
130,842
35,731
32,348
94,539
74,843
89,232
72,001
79,599
65,743
20,247
16,639
7,526
5,948
7,611
6,886
145,891
133,788
1,609
1,393
222,756
177,902
55,867
62,075
432,494
429,339
54,238
41,823
21,618
14,354
105,990
62,288
119,513
107,336
3,154
2,053
31,020
32,688
145,705
117,858
129,152
118,646
19,652
15,112
8,440
10,806
22,845
20,935
19,653
20,846
445
649
2,570
5,866
14,455
30,613
19,381
33,139
284
770
20,010
16,016
108,405
66,310
90,118
64,661
18,923
13,692
5,699
10,163
9,622
15,023
55,800
69,825
2,509
3,028
64,316
194,271
77,840
262,559
79,747
230,319
6,794
24,217
1,434,797
904,331
2,029,121
1,561,217
3,169,499
1,938,814
335,281
222,755
853,836
446,012
901,701
469,692
1,825,349
1,017,929
217,114
113,651
305,124
208,716
200,328
140,713
425,861
256,580
30,370
26,241
407
258
5,170
2,208
311,035
159,809
7,390
3,389
244,705
233,389
898,310
932,922
385,240
363,434
77,191
75,626
78,253
83,713
247,004
246,002
120,565
113,144
32,468
35,678
21,654
25,550
405,047
463,082
80,010
71,381
12,190
11,439
48,806
28,190
178,211
164,747
132,364
125,037
14,743
14,905
95,992
95,937
68,048
59,091
52,301
53,872
17,790
13,603
30,725
15,956
23,612
15,682
222,014
141,061
3,216
3,848
3,039
2,555
3,907
4,057
16,111
14,567
1,442
1,194
270
274
213
107
0
0
0
0
99,502
423,337
146,156
500,927
1,239,943
2,361,148
38,520
105,226
1,876
22,508
3,647
45,155
830
6,798
229
1,951
11,453
89,253
31,823
130,002
68,096
327,725
2,259
12,627
402
2,456
30
212
1,478
10,445
608
7,223
25,812
92,481
35,169
109,446
156,697
400,023
14,394
31,971
31,639
113,448
48,495
132,061
86,046
232,192
14,630
35,832
4,390
16,884
4,780
20,427
23,387
66,789
1,400
4,221
10,485
46,828
7,568
25,893
506,555
907,092
1,077
3,189
12,060
33,925
9,806
23,709
63,743
114,635
3,376
7,377
1,385
5,553
4,838
14,023
333,111
295,450
547
834
--
29,166
--
25,404
--
58,910
--
5,860
w
o
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©2014, American Forest & Pap er Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 25
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Section II - U.S. International Trade Data
TABLE 14 Substitute Import/Export Figures for Specified Grades
thousands of short tons
%r>
¦E
o
s
as
Imports
Exports
Uncoated Mechanical
Unbleached Kraft
Semichemical
Bleached
Recycled
Year
Newsprint1
Paper2
Paperboard3
Paperboard3
Paperboard 3
Paperboard
1960
5,426
40
381
31
23
46
1965
6,349
98
905
55
47
32
1970
6,477
233
1,683
84
114
17
1975
5,522
264
1,058
115
256
24
1980
6,880
688
2,380
322
550
83
1985
7,635
1,476
1,830
189
466
26
1990
7,261
1,982
2,691
143
761
49
1995
6,493
3,041
3,297
138
1,022
123
1997
6,360
2,964
5,111
267
1,177
159
1998
6,432
3,083
4,269
229
1,122
168
1999
6,660
3,384
3,737
299
1,124
260
2000
6,537
3,873
3,366
263
1,084
221
2001
5,875
3,911
2,958
313
1,118
281
2002
6,121
4,021
3,132
316
1,153
300
2003
6,047
4,350
3,472
134
1,214
135
2004
5,839
4,457
3,390
156
1,328
107
2005
5,451
4,522
3,549
175
1,335
110
2006
4,910
3,884
3,752
202
1,333
98
2007
4,195
4,357
3,868
298
1,456
83
2008
3,621
4,019
3,919
380
1,495
189
2009
2,557
-
3,951
355
1,403
167
2010
2,417
-
4,012
488
1,548
210
2011
2,233
-
4,151
406
1,484
186
2012 R
2,073
-
4,212
398
1,504
254
2013
2,046
-
4,332
387
1,567
248
Note: The U.S. Import and Export shipment data in this table is obtainedfrom sources other than the U.S.
Bureau of the Census. For the grades shonm here, Import/ Export datafrom these alternative sources is often used
in place of U.S. Census data.
Sources:
1 Newsprint - Canadian Shipments to U.S., PPPC; Imports from other countries, U.S. Bureau of the Census;
2 Uncoated Mechanical - Canadian Shipments to U.S. prior to 2009, PPPC; Imports from other countries, U.S.
Bureau of the Census.; In 2009, s4F&°PA began using U.S. Census data for Printing Writing imports from
all countries;
3 Paperboard Grades - 1960 - 1968, U.S. Bureau of the Census; 1968 - present, s4F&°PA.
R - Revised
261 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
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Section III - Fiber Related Data
TABLE 15 U.S. Production of Wood Pulp and Market Wood Pulp
thousands of short tons
2007 2008 2009
2010
2011
2012 2013
WOOD PULP, TOTAL1
58,932
56,745
52,122
54,343
55,125
55,475
54,466
Total Sulfite
431
373
296
326
327
244
237
Total Sulfate
50,194
48,360
45,155
46,808
47,568
47,919
47,206
Bl. & Semi-Bl.
28,791
27,990
25,622
26,470
26,592
26,797
26,038
Unbl. Sulfate
21,403
20,370
19,533
20,338
20,976
21,122
21,168
Total Groundwood
4,759
4,711
3,620
4,088
4,109
4,076
3,898
Stone and Refiner
1,366
1,324
1,020
1,185
1,124
1,163
1,145
Thermo-mechanical
3,393
3,388
2,600
2,904
2,984
2,912
2,753
Semichemical
3,547
3,301
3,051
3,121
3,122
3,237
3,126
MARKET WOOD PULP, TOTAL
9,074
8,642
8,736
8,769
8,998
9,251
9,004
Chemical Total
9,074
8,642
8,736
8,769
8,998
9,251
9,004
Bl. & Semi-Bl. Softwood Sulfate
6,374
6,442
6,439
6,441
6,627
6,881
7,082
Bl. & Semi-Bl. Hardwood Sulfate
2,297
2,031
1,977
2,067
2,091
2,067
1,653
Other 2
403
169
320
261
280
304
269
Source: AF&PA's Monthly Summary of Pulp Production, Shipments and Inventory.
1 Excludes Dissolving & Special Alpha Pulp and Wood Pulp for Construction Paper & Board.
2 Includes Sulfite and Unbleached Sulfate.
TABLE 16 Fiber Sources for Paper & Paperboard Manufacture thousands of short tons
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
TOTAL FIBER
Total Wood Pulp
Manufactured On-site
Purchased i
Transferred i
Total Recovered Paper 2
Mixed Papers
Newspapers
Corrugated
Pulp Substitutes
High Grade Deinking
Other Fibers
92,979
89,400
80,038
84,558
83,852
83,079
83,421
58,605
56,565
50,598
52,832
53,175
53,001
53,099
49,817
48,362
43,449
45,369
46,009
46,040
45,895
7,629
7,087
6,102
6,295
6,034
5,801
6,013
1,159
1,116
1,047
1,168
1,132
1,160
1,191
34,174
32,655
29,268
31,552
30,508
29,913
30,143
4,481
4,564
4,150
4,371
3,950
4,204
3,998
5,272
4,850
3,826
3,886
3,441
2,877
2,468
20,159
19,161
17,415
19,327
19,339
19,057
19,805
1,487
1,359
1,218
1,260
1,204
1,171
1,166
2,775
2,721
2,659
2,708
2,574
2,604
2,706
200
180
172
174
169
165
179
1 Comprises all Dried, Wet Lap or Slush Pulp notproduced on-site including transfers from company or affiliated mills.
2 Includes Fiber consumed for construction grades and moldedpulp products. Totals not adjustedfor differences in rounding.
Source: AF&PA's Annual Survey of Capacity and Fiber Consumption.
TABLE 17 Pulpwood Consumed in Wood Pulp Manufacture thousands of cords
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
TOTAL PULPWOOD
100,617
98,035
89,669
93,689
95,507
96,270
95,499
Total Softwood
70,730
69,424
64,476
67,573
69,172
70,047
69,617
Total Hardwood
29,887
28,611
25,193
26,116
26,335
26,223
25,882
Roundwood
53,058
53,630
51,144
53,326
54,216
55,629
54,416
Softwood
36,585
37,573
36,783
38,092
38,937
40,613
39,828
Hardwood
16,473
16,057
14,361
15,234
15,279
15,016
14,588
Roundwood Chips
33,864
33,587
29,118
31,291
32,339
31,221
33,349
Softwood
22,749
22,953
19,829
21,936
22,714
21,633
23,416
Hardwood
11,115
10,634
9,289
9,355
9,625
9,588
9,933
Forest Residues
1,121
789
866
635
634
576
526
Softwood
829
554
604
371
382
340
277
Hardwood
292
235
262
264
252
236
249
Manufacturing Residues
12,574
10,029
8,541
8,437
8,318
8,844
7,208
Softwood
10,567
8,344
7,260
7,174
7,139
7,461
6,096
Hardwood
2,007
1,685
1,281
1,263
1,179
1,383
1,112
Source: AF&PA's Annual Survey of Capacity and Fiber Consumption.
Totals not adjustedfor differences in rounding.
©
O
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©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 27
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Section III - Fiber Related Data
TABLE 18 Recovered Paper Utilization in the U.S.1 thousands of short tons
Kraft
Semichemical
Recycled
Total Recovered
Year
Newsprint
Tissue
Board
Board
Board
All Other Net Export Paper Recovery Rate2
1995
3,170
3,396
4,325
1,860
14,363
5,667
9,410
42,189
44.0%
1996
3,164
3,658
4,190
2,004
16,846
5,606
7,611
43,076
45.6%
1997
3,556
3,748
4,269
2,276
17,278
5,673
7,190
43,988
44.2%
1998
3,990
3,809
4,103
2,062
17,820
5,686
7,606
45,076
44.6%
1999
3,704
3,927
4,220
2,019
18,926
5,931
8,091
46,818
44.5%
2000
4,006
4,014
3,840
2,131
18,104
5,552
9,664
47,311
46.0%
2001
3,745
4,224
3,934
2,400
16,823
5,601
10,269
46,996
48.3%
2002
3,597
4,212
3,897
2,527
16,966
5,580
10,867
47,645
48.2%
2003
3,330
4,061
4,430
2,928
15,732
5,369
13,406
49,255
50.3%
2004
3,502
4,276
4,435
3,269
16,433
4,921
13,351
50,187
49.3%
2005
3,504
4,187
4,423
3,044
16,110
4,682
15,323
51,273
51.5%
2006
3,515
4,234
4,705
3,108
15,985
4,749
17,018
53,314
53.0%
2007
3,222
4,290
4,744
2,874
15,879
4,194
19,122
54,325
56.0%
2008
3,018
4,082
4,243
2,974
15,225
3,601
18,680
51,822
57.7%
2009
2,222
3,983
3,838
2,462
14,120
2,724
20,686
50,036
63.6%
2010
2,225
4,106
4,143
2,361
15,820
2,982
19,908
51,545
63.0%
2011
1,836
4,084
3,751
2,399
15,889
2,634
22,174
52,767
66.4%
2012
1,415
4,298
3,393
2,429
15,949
2,514
21,094
51,092
65.1%
2013
1,063
4,417
3,522
2,491
16,261
2,474
19,900
50,128
63.5%
1 Data is sourcedfrom wiPiP.paperrecycles.org andAF&PA's Annual Recovered Paper Utilisation Report.
2 Recovery Rate is the ratio of Recovered Paper collected to New Supply of Paper and Paperboard. Total
Recovered Paper is the sum of Recovered Paper Consumption at Paper and Board Mills, Other Uses and
Exports less Imports. yIF&PA's Recovery Rate is calculated each Spring usingpreliminary data.
U.S. Recovered Paper Consumption and Recovery Rate
70,000
35,000
thousands of short tons
U.S. Net Exports of Recovered Paper
U.S. Consumption
^^•Recovery Rate
percent recoi'eiy mte r 100.0%
- 50.0%
0.0%
1995
2000
2005
2010
28 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section IV - Employment, Wage and Productivity Related Data
TABLE 19 State Employment Data for the Paper Manufacturing Industry 1
thousands
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010 R
2011
Northeast
New England
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
North Central
East North Central
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Nebraska
Kansas
South
South Atlantic
Delaware
East South Central
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
West
Mountain
Idaho
Colorado
Arizona
Utah
N evada
85.0
30.0
8.0
2.(
l.<
13.(
l.<
5.(
55.0
17.0
14.0
24.0
131.0
102.0
23.0
11.0
22.0
13.0
33.0
29.0
12.0
4.(
9.1
2.(
2.(
161.0
77.0
1.0
43.0
10.0
15.0
13.0
5.0
41.0
11.0
9.0
4.0
17.0
51.0
10.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
77.)
26.1
7.7
1.4
11.2
1.4
4.5
51.0
15.1
12.0
24.0
127.5
99.1
22.8
11
20
12
32
28.4
11.3
3.i
9.'
l.i
2.;
153.2
72.6
Maryland
6.0
5.1
Virginia
11.0
10.4
North Carolina
18.0
16.9
South Carolina
12.0
11.7
Georgia
20.0
19.3
Florida
9.0
9.2
40.8
9.3
13.6
12.5
5.4
39.9
10.2
8.0
3.7
17.9
50.1
9.2
1.9
1.9
2.7
2.7
78.9
26.2
7.2
1.5
11.6
1.3
4.5
52.7
16.9
11.6
24.2
128.8
98.4
22.7
11.6
18.9
12.9
32.3
30.4
12.4
4.4
9.6
1.4
2.5
151.8
72.9
4.5
9.9
17.8
12.2
19.4
8.9
40.9
9.6
13.7
12.7
4.8
38.0
8.8
8.5
4.4
16.3
52.6
10.0
1.9
2.6
2.8
2.6
75.
23.
7.
10
1.
4.
51.
15.
11.
23.
124.
94.
21
11
18
12
31
30
12
4
9
1
2
147
70
17
11
19
8
40.
9
13.
12.
4.
36.
8
7.
3
15.
51.
9.
1
2.
2.
2.
67.5
21.5
7.8
9.1
1.0
3.7
46.0
14.3
9.8
21.9
113.5
86.1
19.3
10
16
11
28
27.3
11.6
1.4
2.0
133.1
63.7
3.6
8.3
15.0
11.5
17.5
7.7
36.4
8.9
11.6
11.7
4.3
33.0
8.4
6.9
3.4
14.3
42.9
6.8
1.7
1.4
2.3
1.4
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Annual Survey of Manufactures, Geographic Area Statistics.
States not shown have no current or historic data. Data for 2012-13 not available at time of publication.
1NAICS Code 322. 2 Number of employees refers to all employees. R - Revised.
62.9
18.3
6.7
8.2
3.4
7.9
14.6
11.3
17.2
7.6
35.2
8.7
11.4
11.2
3.8
32.2
8.6
6.6
3.3
13.6
42.7
8.0
1.7
61.7
17.7
6.8
7.6
3.4
3.3
44.5
44.0
14.1
14.0
8.9
8.7
21.6
21.4
111.9
110.3
85.7
84.7
18.7
18.7
10.3
9.9
16.2
14.7
10.9
10.8
29.6
30.5
26.2
25.6
11.3
11.3
3.5
3.3
8.2
8.0
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.6
129.4
127.8
62.0
61.6
3.0
6.9
15.7
11.3
17.2
7.4
34.7
9.0
10.8
11.3
3.6
31.6
7.7
6.7
3.3
14.0
42.1
8.1
1.7
Pacific
41.0
40.9
42.6
41.5
36.2
34.7
34.0
Washington
11.0
11.9
11.4
10.7
9.4
9.2
9.0
Oregon
6.0
6.1
6.3
6.3
4.9
4.3
4.1
California
24.0
22.9
24.9
24.5
21.9
21.2
20.8
TOTAL REPORTED
428.0
407.9
412.1
397.9
357.0
346.9
341.9
TOTAL U.S.A.
430.0
413.4
417.1
403.7
362.6
351.4
346.5
CD
O
CD
CD
©2014, American Forest & Vaper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 29
-------
Section IV - Employment, Wage and Productivity Related Data
TABLE 20 Compensation of Employees in the Paper and Allied Products Industry,
from the National Income and Product Accounts
Supplements Number of Full Number of Full Wage & Salary Accruals
Wages & to Wages & Time Equivalent Time & Part Time per Full Time Equivalent
Year Total Salaries Salaries1 Employees Employees Employee
millions of dollars thousands dollars
1955
2,684
2,499
185
537
551
4,654
1960
3,596
3,288
308
576
592
5,708
1965
4,696
4,250
446
628
640
6,768
1970
6,788
5,994
794
694
702
8,637
1975
9,346
7,921
1,425
628
642
12,613
1980
16,164
13,401
2,763
681
691
19,678
1985
22,112
18,479
3,633
666
678
27,746
1990
27,848
23,063
4,785
687
697
33,514
1995
32,415
27,029
5,386
685
693
39,561
1997
33,383
28,437
4,946
675
686
42,137
1998 2
31,015
25,924
5,091
621
616
43,204
1999
31,697
26,486
5,211
611
607
44,878
2000
32,589
27,165
5,424
596
608
45,578
2001
32,023
26,445
5,578
564
579
46,911
2002
32,862
25,610
7,252
528
542
48,497
2003
35,854
25,172
10,682
502
516
50,192
2004
31,258
25,328
5,930
485
496
52,209
2005
31,297
25,213
6,084
469
483
53,815
2006
31,079
25,241
5,838
458
469
55,090
2007
31,378
25,345
6,033
447
457
56,640
2008
31,216
25,044
6,172
430
442
58,274
2009
28,472
23,218
5,254
393
406
59,012
2010
28,801
23,538
5,263
382
394
61,583
2011
29,343
23,667
5,676
378
388
62,679
2012
29,485
23,772
5,713
369
380
64,348
30 American Forest & Paper Association
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts.
Data for 2013 not available at time of publication.
1 Total less Wages & Salaries.
2 Beginning in 1998, data based on NAICS.
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Wages and Salaries
will ions of dollars
30,000
15,000
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980 1985 1990
1995 2000 2005 2010
Number of Full Time Equivalent Employees
thousands
750
550
350
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
CD
Section IV - Employment, Wage and Productivity Related Data
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 31
-------
Section IV - Employment, Wage and Productivity Related Data
o
E
>»
o
t/*
o
as
TABLE 21A Wage Rates and Employment
in the Paper and Allied Products Industry
Year
Average
Hourly
Earnings1
An /rtv
Average
Weekly
Earnings1
Average
Weekly
Hours1
Employees
Total
Production
Workers
thnu c
1 UUl-1 u Lift u.u
PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS -
NAICS 322
2000
15.91
681.34
42.8
604.7
467.5
2001
16.38
690.06
42.1
577.6
446.3
2002
16.85
705.62
41.9
546.6
421.4
2003
17.33
719.55
41.5
516.2
392.7
2004
17.91
754.17
42.1
495.5
373.7
2005
17.99
764.15
42.5
484.2
365.2
2006
18.01
772.57
42.9
470.5
357.4
2007
18.44
795.58
43.1
458.2
350.5
2008
18.89
809.57
42.9
444.9
343.7
2009
19.29
806.19
41.8
407.0
313.0
2010
20.04
858.65
42.9
394.7
302.2
2011
20.28
870.53
42.9
387.4
295.3
2012 R
20.42
877.14
42.9
379.8
287.6
2013
20.31
874.44
43.1
378.7
279.9
PULP, PAPER AND PAPERBOARD MILLS - NAICS 3221
2000
20.62
924.22
44.8
191.4
148.0
2001
21.16
930.62
44.0
179.2
139.1
2002
21.95
945.83
43.1
164.7
128.4
2003
22.62
971.07
42.9
151.0
118.1
2004
23.00
999.87
43.5
146.0
114.0
2005
22.99
1,008.33
43.9
141.6
110.7
2006
22.75
1,025.22
45.1
136.4
107.0
2007
24.03
1,071.52
44.6
132.1
104.0
2008
24.50
1,090.97
44.5
126.4
97.7
2009
24.64
1,077.13
43.7
116.9
90.8
2010
25.12
1,115.38
44.4
112.3
88.7
2011
25.75
1,174.80
45.6
109.3
85.8
2012 R
25.81
1,159.75
44.9
107.9
84.4
2013
25.00
1,122.12
44.9
107.1
81.7
PAPER AND PULP -
NAICS 32212
2000
20.68
938.58
45.4
145.6
112.8
2001
21.24
939.84
44.2
136.7
105.9
2002
21.97
954.33
43.4
124.2
96.8
2003
22.78
963.37
42.3
111.3
87.0
2004
22.96
992.63
43.2
106.8
83.4
2005
22.91
1,002.07
43.7
104.1
81.9
2006
22.95
1,032.28
45.0
99.9
78.5
2007
24.16
1,074.76
44.5
97.0
75.6
2008
24.81
1,101.73
44.4
92.1
70.2
2009 2
-
-
-
85.4
-
2010
-
-
-
82.5
-
2011
-
-
-
80.2
-
2012 R
-
-
-
78.8
-
2013
-
-
-
78.1
-
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings; data are not seasonally adjusted.
1 Data on hours and earnings refer to production workers.
2 Data for Paper and Pulp since 2009 unavailable exceptfor Empltyees Total.
R - Revised
321 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section IV - Employment, Wage and Productivity Related Data
TABLE 21 B Wage Rates and Employment in the Paper and Allied Products Industry
Year
Average
Hourly
Earnings1
nnhiVQ
Average
Weekly
Earnings1
Average
Weekly
Hours1
Employees
Total
Production
Workers
thrtU (V7#7/7 c
(AUl't'iAi J
I'fJUrfotArl Ci-o
PAPERBOARD
- NAICS 32213
2000
20.40
878.39
43.1
45.8
35.2
2001
20.90
901.41
43.1
42.5
33.2
2002
21.91
920.92
42.0
40.4
31.6
2003
22.20
992.91
44.7
39.7
31.1
2004
23.11
1020.02
44.1
39.2
30.6
2005
23.23
1025.71
44.2
37.5
28.9
2006
22.20
1005.97
45.3
36.5
28.5
2007
23.70
1061.53
44.8
35.1
28.3
2008 2
-
-
-
34.3
-
2009
-
-
-
31.5
-
2010
-
-
-
29.8
-
2011
-
-
-
29.1
-
2012 R
-
-
-
29.2
-
2013
-
-
-
29.0
-
CONVERTED PAPER PRODUCTS -
NAICS 3222
2000
13.58
569.03
41.9
413.2
319.5
2001
14.07
580.83
41.3
398.4
307.2
2002
14.52
600.03
41.3
382.0
293.0
2003
14.94
611.51
40.9
365.2
274.6
2004
15.57
646.31
41.5
349.6
259.8
2005
15.71
657.43
41.8
342.6
254.4
2006
15.83
664.44
42.0
334.1
250.4
2007
15.97
679.13
42.5
326.1
246.5
2008
16.54
697.65
42.2
318.5
246.0
2009
16.96
695.60
41.0
290.1
222.2
2010
17.81
751.78
42.2
282.4
213.5
2011
17.84
745.96
41.8
278.1
209.5
2012 R
18.04
759.90
42.1
271.9
203.1
2013
18.26
772.67
42.3
271.6
198.2
PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS - NAICS 32221
2000
13.65
576.40
42.2
218.6
169.6
2001
14.11
582.82
41.3
211.3
162.5
2002
14.44
600.50
41.6
203.8
156.8
2003
14.89
617.21
41.5
195.4
147.4
2004
15.53
650.22
41.9
186.0
140.7
2005
15.49
658.33
42.5
182.3
138.5
2006
15.17
653.54
43.1
177.6
133.6
2007
15.24
658.46
43.2
172.2
130.8
2008
15.94
679.72
42.6
166.7
129.4
2009
16.43
668.63
40.7
150.7
114.6
2010
16.92
711.00
42.0
147.2
111.8
2011
16.80
705.29
42.0
145.2
110.1
2012 R
17.18
739.19
43.0
142.4
106.7
2013
17.71
776.60
43.9
143.6
104.6
CD
CD
CD
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings; data are not seasonally adjusted.
1 Data on hours and earnings refer to production workers.
2 Data for Paperboard since 2008 unavailable exceptfor Employees Total.
R - Revised
©2014, American Forest & Pap er Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 33
-------
Section V - Financial Data and Capital Expenditure Related Data
TABLE 22 Profit and Loss Data, Gash Inflow and Selected Balance Sheet Data for the Paper and Allied Products Industry
Net Profit
Net Profit Before
Income
Net Profit
Net Profit After
Cash
Gross Cash
Year
Net Sales
Before Taxes
Taxes to Net Sales
Taxes
After Taxes
Taxes to Net Sales Depreciation
Inflow
Flow
1970
21,069
1,211
5.7%
492
719
3.4%
869
1,588
2,080
1975
32,044
2,901
9.1%
1,099
1,801
5.6%
1,219
3,019
4,120
1980 E
56,250
4,045
7.2%
1,245
2,800
5.0%
2,026
4,826
6,071
1985
71,465
4,399
6.2%
1,519
2,880
4.0%
3,099
5,979
7,498
1990
115,523
7,236
6.3%
2,353
4,882
4.2%
5,578
10,460
12,814
1995
169,898
17,659
10.4%
5,680
11,979
7.1%
8,178
20,157
25,837
1997
165,149
4,926
3.0%
1,318
3,608
2.2%
9,150
12,758
14,076
1998
165,980
7,117
4.3%
2,389
4,728
2.8%
9,568
14,296
16,685
1999
169,151
10,587
6.3%
3,516
7,071
4.2%
9,438
16,509
20,025
2000
184,490
10,581
5.7%
3,149
7,431
4.0%
9,692
17,123
20,273
2001 1
162,234
2,388
1.5%
1,636
752
0.5%
8,825
9,577
11,213
2002
152,601
2,166
1.4%
(177)
2,343
1.5%
8,796
11,139
10,962
2003
148,804
2,249
1.5%
(160)
2,411
1.6%
8,483
10,894
10,732
2004
156,948
6,548
4.2%
1,645
4,904
3.1%
8,292
13,196
14,840
2005
149,218
6,054
4.1%
1,720
4,334
2.9%
7,360
11,694
13,414
2006
144,150
9,812
6.8%
3,681
6,134
4.3%
6,632
12,766
16,444
2007
142,889
6,304
4.4%
938
5,366
3.8%
6,710
12,076
13,014
2008
138,064
(2,136)
N.M
569
(2,706)
N.M.
6,372
3,666
4,236
2009
116,174
5,623
4.8%
1,660
3,964
3.4%
6,029
9,993
11,652
2010
125,786
8,183
6.5%
1,056
7,126
5.7%
5,781
12,907
13,964
2011
129,693
7,727
6.0%
1,597
6,130
4.7%
5,663
11,793
13,390
2012 R
127,898
7,199
5.6%
1,847
5,354
4.2%
5,599
10,953
12,798
2013
131,490
9,365
7.1%
1,030
8,335
6.3%
5,269
13,604
14,634
Notes: Cash Inflow — Net Profits sifter Taxes + Depredation; Total Capital — Net Worth + Long Term Debt;
Gross Cash Flow — Net Profit Before Taxes + Depreciation; Net Cash Flow = Change in detained Earnings + Depreciation;
E - Estimated by API with assistance from FTC; N.M. - Not Meaningful; R - Revised;
1 U.S. Bureau of the Census converted data from the SIC system to the NAICS classification system in 2001.
Paper and Allied Products Industry Sales
200 n
billions of dollars
100 -
1972 1982 1992 2002
2012
34 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section V - Financial Data and Capital Expenditure Related Data
millions of dollars
Cash
Change in
Net Cash
Properly, Plant &
Property, Plant &
Long-Term
Net Profit After
Dividends
Retained Earnings
Flow
Total Assets
Equipment Gross
Equipment Net
Net Worth
Debt
Total Capital
Taxes to Net Wort
430
289
1,158
19,679
18,160
9,969
10,305
4,822
15,127
7.0%
632
1,158
2,377
28,220
24,265
13,773
14,878
7,193
22,071
12.1%
1,057
1,743
3,769
45,894
40,361
24,800
24,396
10,585
34,981
11.5%
1,240
1,640
4,739
62,505
60,341
38,835
29,694
15,262
44,956
9.7%
2,351
2,530
8,108
117,335
105,489
68,726
45,951
40,720
86,671
10.6%
3,075
8,903
17,081
161,001
154,151
89,561
58,423
53,789
112,212
20.5%
3,728
(119)
9,031
178,303
158,737
96,367
60,970
61,899
122,869
5.9%
4,685
61
9,629
186,949
161,090
98,360
64,961
63,268
128,229
7.3%
3,414
3,657
13,095
203,261
161,857
97,939
68,777
68,553
137,330
10.3%
3,234
4,198
13,890
211,342
157,870
98,187
68,203
73,616
141,819
10.9%
2,465
(1,583)
7,242
194,229
161,685
89,328
65,051
67,757
132,808
1.2%
2,641
(3,722)
5,074
188,273
160,230
87,689
57,308
71,178
128,486
4.1%
3,050
(638)
7,845
188,103
157,170
82,127
60,096
71,202
131,298
4.0%
3,137
(1,115)
7,177
175,460
145,927
74,824
59,167
63,120
122,287
8.3%
3,211
(1,019)
6,341
152,472
136,148
67,628
54,266
52,221
106,487
8.0%
3,754
(3,020)
3,612
147,494
135,084
63,155
55,368
44,240
99,608
11.1%
5,246
1,355
8,065
153,493
132,845
60,452
54,821
44,617
99,438
9.8%
3,186
(14,371)
(7,999)
132,384
119,844
55,699
32,743
45,894
78,637
N.M.
2,285
739
6,768
132,937
115,854
50,199
37,622
42,474
80,096
10.5%
2,999
10,986
16,767
138,877
112,467
50,727
48,011
42,444
90,455
14.8%
3,508
(1,665)
3,998
139,030
115,056
50,744
47,095
46,402
93,497
13.0%
2,732
2,766
8,365
139,816
116,393
51,114
46,982
44,602
91,584
11.4%
3,012
4,990
10,259
143,334
115,167
49,543
52,294
44,550
96,844
15.9%
CP
CD
(—1
CD*
CD
CD
CD
Source: Yearly data calculated by /11 1 from Quarterly Financial
Reportfor Manufacturing, Mining and Trade Corporations, now reported by
the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
2013 data is based on the First Quarter 2014 QFR Publication.
Paper and Allied Products Industry Net Profits after Taxes
12 -i
5 -
(3) J
billions of dollars
1972
1982
1992
2002
2012
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 35
-------
Section V - Financial Data and Capital Expenditure Related Data
TABLE 23 General Statistics for the Paper Manufacturing Industry
All Employees
Number Payrol
(000) f millions
Production Workers Va|ueAtkyby Cos)of
Number Hours Wages Manufacture Materials
(000) f millions-
Value of Capital
Shipments Expenditures
CX|
\S\
V
V
CD
CN|
urn
o
CD
PAPER MANUFACTURING
351.4
19,215.3
274.4
563
13,136
79,017
91,377
170,043
5,755
Pulp, Paper & Paperboard Mills
109.6
7,526
87.4
184
5,636
40,758
38,650
79,342
3,483
Pulp Mills
6.8
517
5.3
11
375
2,127
2,408
4,504
394
Paper Mills
67.7
4,501
54.7
114
3,444
25,182
22,379
47,543
1,857
Newsprint Mills
Included m Paper
Mills
Paperboard Mills
35.1
2,508
27.5
59
1,816
13,448
13,862
27,296
1,232
Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
241.9
11,689
186.9
379
7,500
38,259
52,728
90,701
2,271
Paperboard Container Manufacturing
137.5
6,777
106.6
219
4,311
19,817
30,222
49,918
1,227
Paper Bag and Coated and Treated
Paper Manufacturing
51.2
2,531
38.6
77
1,555
8,750
11,188
19,773
363
Coated & Laminated Paper and Packaging Mfg
32.9
1,734
24.1
49
1,034
6,702
7,960
14,527
271
Coated, Uncoated, & Multiwall Bag and Pkg Mfg
18.3
797
14.6
28
521
2,049
3,228
5,246
92
Stationery Product Manufacturing
20.7
869
16.2
32
595
2,198
4,030
6,272
77
Other Converted Paper Product Mfg
32.5
1,512
25.6
50
1,039
7,493
7,287
14,738
605
Sanitary Paper Product Mfg
17.0
879
13.6
28
640
5,417
5,168
10,560
492
All Other Converted Paper Product Mfg
15.5
633
12.0
23
399
2,077
2,119
4,178
113
PAPER MANUFACTURING
346.5
19,268
269.2
554
13,086
81,881
94,090
175,552
6,587
Pulp, Paper & Paperboard Mills
108.0
7,575
85.5
181
5,617
42,016
40,384
82,335
3,693
Pulp Mills
6.9
520
5.4
12
359
2,481
2,799
5,263
330
Paper Mills
65.9
4,469
52.6
110
3,385
25,545
23,132
48,614
1,679
Newsprint Mills
Included m Paper
Mills
Paperboard Mills
35.2
2,586
27.6
59
1,873
13,990
14,453
28,457
1,684
Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
238.6
11,693
183.8
373
7,469
39,865
53,706
93,217
2,894
Paperboard Container Manufacturing
135.8
6,831
105.4
218
4,341
21,200
30,906
51,927
1,315
Paper Bag and Coated and Treated
Paper Manufacturing
48.8
2,440
36.3
72
1,494
8,549
11,225
19,617
452
Coated & Laminated Paper and Packaging Mfg
31.4
1,695
22.9
46
1,005
6,516
8,022
14,407
340
Coated, Uncoated, & Multiwall Bag and Pkg Mfg
17.3
745
13.5
26
489
2,032
3,202
5,209
112
Stationery Product Manufacturing
20.7
847
15.9
32
570
2,443
4,064
6,487
115
Other Converted Paper Product Mfg
33.3
1,576
26.1
51
1,064
7,673
7,512
15,186
1,013
Sanitary Paper Product Mfg
17.0
905
13.4
27
654
5,693
5,396
11,092
420
All Other Converted Paper Product Mfg
16.3
671
12.6
25
410
1,980
2,116
4,094
592
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Annual Survey of Manufactures, Statistics for Industry
Groups and Industries.
Data for 2012-13 not available at time of publication.
361 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section V - Financial Data and Capital Expenditure Related Data
TABLE 24 Value of Paper Products Manufacturers' Shipments and Inventories millions of dollars
Pulp, Paper and
Paperboard Container
Other Paper
Year
Paper Products
Paperboard Mills
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Shipments
2001
155,845
71,987
45,817
38,041
2002
153,755
69,967
43,531
40,257
2003
151,098
68,316
43,436
39,346
2004
155,380
71,625
44,507
39,248
2005
161,928
74,888
46,184
40,856
2006
169,033
78,926
48,441
41,666
2007
176,688
80,550
50,935
45,203
2008
179,249
83,357
51,764
44,128
2009
161,636
74,397
47,326
39,913
2010
170,043
79,342
49,918
40,783
2011
175,878
82,275
51,950
41,653
2012
174,410
81,375
51,464
41,571
2013
171,356
80,086
52,271
38,999
Inventories
2001
14,027
5,934
3,998
4,095
2002
14,286
6,496
3,912
3,878
2003
13,444
6,177
3,658
3,609
2004
14,145
6,333
4,024
3,788
2005
14,351
6,583
3,878
3,890
2006
14,937
6,649
4,055
4,233
2007
15,134
6,628
4,146
4,360
2008
15,417
6,824
4,259
4,334
2009 R
13,329
6,046
3,596
3,687
2010 R
13,873
6,262
3,739
3,872
2011 R
14,539
6,476
3,973
4,090
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census; data are not seasonally adjusted.
Data for 2012-13 not available at time of publication. R - Revised.
Paper Products Total Shipments and Inventories
180,000
Shipments
millions of dollars
Inventories
millions of dollars
150,000
120,000
r 18,000
. ''
¦Shipments - — — -Inventories
- 15,000
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
12,000
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 37
-------
Section V - Financial Data and Capital Expenditure Related Data
TABLE 25 General Statistics for the Paper Manufacturing Industry By State 2011
CN|
V
o
>».
O
as
CD
Number of All
Employees
Number of Wages of Value Added by
Total Payroll Production Workers Production Workers Manufacture
Value of
Shipments
Capital
Expenditures
Northeast
New England
Maine
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
North Central
East North Central
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Nebraska
Kansas
South
South Atlantic
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
West
Mountain
Idaho
Colorado
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific
Washington
Oregon
California
TOTAL REPORTED
TOTAL U.S.A.
(000)
/ millions
(000)
f millions
61.7
3,387
47.3
2,250
12,748
28,313
913
17.7
1,054
13.6
717
3,297
8,485
443
6.8
432
5.5
325
1,472
4,028
328
7.6
Ml
5.7
269
1,088
2,896
72
3.3
195
2.4
122
737
1,560
42
44.0
2,334
33.8
1,533
9,451
19,828
470
14.0
738
10.8
484
2,297
5,659
150
8.7
438
6.5
267
1,089
2,588
47
21.4
1,158
16.5
782
6,066
11,581
272
110.3
5,812
85.0
3,853
23,016
49,554
1,366
84.7
4,427
65.5
2,963
15,467
36,052
971
18.7
939
14.3
620
3,161
7,433
200
9.9
469
7.8
316
1,450
3,901
96
14.7
714
11.5
466
2,425
5,281
137
10.8
567
8.5
386
1,853
4,971
124
30.5
1,737
23.4
1,176
6,578
14,465
414
25.6
1,385
19.5
890
7,548
13,503
395
11.3
676
8.4
409
3,287
5,853
179
3.3
165
2.7
111
1,009
1,634
38
8.0
389
6.2
271
2,814
4,886
149
1.5
74
1.2
50
264
592
12
1.6
81
1.1
49
173
538
17
127.8
7,355
100.5
5,183
35,016
73,654
3,505
61.6
3,532
48.7
2,481
15,795
33,926
1,990
3.0
139
2.5
101
439
1,056
22
6.9
395
5.3
270
1,462
3,490
284
15.7
808
12.4
565
2,815
6,644
242
11.3
683
8.9
488
3,239
7,138
667
17.2
1,065
13.9
760
5,666
11,128
534
7.4
441
5.7
297
2,174
4,470
242
34.7
2,036
27.2
1,444
9,943
20,750
833
9.0
462
6.9
301
2,130
5,014
106
10.8
558
8.5
397
2,478
5,205
280
11.3
792
9.1
604
4,168
8,219
372
3.6
223
2.7
142
1,167
2,313
75
31.6
1,788
24.6
1,258
9,278
18,977
682
7.7
433
6.2
322
2,479
4,569
167
6.7
446
5.3
330
2,614
5,300
233
3.3
198
2.7
146
1,233
2,376
69
14.0
711
10.3
459
2,952
6,732
213
42.1
2,491
33.0
1,663
10,128
22,127
653
8.1
460
6.6
316
1,625
3,993
198
1.7
127
1.4
84
350
956
D
1.3
67
0.9
44
D
428
4
2.0
103
1.6
71
378
768
17
2.0
109
1.7
83
703
1,403
161
1.1
52
0.9
35
195
439
16
34.0
2,032
26.4
1,347
8,503
18,134
455
9.0
623
7.2
424
2,312
5,389
141
4.1
278
3.3
196
1,554
3,097
78
20.8
1,131
16.0
727
4,637
9,649
236
341.9
19,045
265.9
12,949
80,908
173,648
6,437
346.5
19,268
269.2
13,086
81,881
175,552
6,587
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Annual Survey of Manufactures, Geographic Area Statistics.
D - Data withheld to avoid disclosure; data are included in the U.S. Totals.
Data for 2012-13 not available at time of publication.
38 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
-------
Section V - Financial Data and Capital Expenditure Related Data
TABLE 26 Expenditures on Plant and Equipment in the Paper Manufacturing Industry millions of dollars
Primary Mills
Converting Plants
Year
Total
NAICS 322
Total
Primary
Pulp Mills Paper Mills
3221 1 32212
Paperboard
Mills
32213
Total
Converting
3222
Paperboard
Container Mfg.
32221
Paper Bag, CTD & Stationary Product Other Converted
Treated Paper Mfg. Mfg. Paper Mfg.
32222 32223 32229
2001
6,797
4,373
193
3,150
1,030
2,424
1,328
481
127
488
2002
6,254
3,776
189
2,761
816
2,488
1,294
531
143
519
2003
5,999
3,690
182
2,743
765
2,309
1,210
410
94
595
2004
5,140
3,147
188
2,032
927
1,993
1,176
331
92
394
2005
5,521
3,331
139
2,238
955
2,190
1,040
549
122
479
2006
7,604
3,593
363
2,236
993
4,011
2,945
519
141
405
2007
6,602
3,667
276
2,261
1,130
2,935
1,444
821
145
526
2008
6,267
3,659
343
1,929
1,388
2,608
1,291
696
125
496
2009
4,380
2,405
264
1,272
869
1,975
947
442
81
505
2010
5,755
3,483
394
1,857
1,232
2,271
1,227
363
77
605
2011 R
6,587
3,693
330
1,679
1,684
2,894
1,315
452
115
1,013
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Annual Survey of Manufactures, Statistics for Industry
Groups and Industries.
Data for 2012-13 not available at time of publication. R - Revised
TABLE 27 Employment in the Paper Manufacturing Industry thousands
Primary Mills
Converting Plants
Year
Total
NAICS 322
Total
Primary
3221
Pulp Mills Paper Mills
32211 32212
Paperboard
Mills
32213
Total
Converting
3222
Paperboard
Container Mfg.
32221
Paper Bag, CTD & Stationary Product Other Converted
Treated Paper Mfg. Mfg. Paper Mfg.
32222 32223 32229
2001
530.2
170.7
7.5
114.7
48.8
359.6
205.0
70.6
45.1
38.8
2002
491.8
159.0
8.0
102.8
48.2
332.8
184.5
66.3
38.9
43.1
2003
465.9
143.0
8.1
97.0
43.0
317.9
178.0
64.6
36.6
38.6
2004
439.2
136.6
7.7
89.2
39.7
302.5
169.0
61.0
35.7
36.9
2005
426.7
134.2
7.2
89.7
37.4
292.5
163.1
60.1
33.3
36.0
2006
413.4
127.9
6.7
85.1
36.1
285.4
161.1
56.5
31.5
36.3
2007
417.1
124.8
7.3
80.8
36.7
292.4
165.8
60.1
31.3
35.1
2008
403.7
118.5
7.5
76.7
34.3
285.2
164.6
57.8
28.9
33.9
2009
362.6
113.4
6.5
72.0
34.9
249.2
142.4
50.4
24.1
32.4
2010
351.4
109.6
6.8
67.7
35.1
241.9
137.5
51.2
20.7
32.5
2011 R
346.5
108.0
6.9
65.9
35.2
238.6
135.8
48.8
20.7
33.3
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Annual Survey of Manufactures, Statistics for Industry
Groups and Industries.
Data for 2012-13 not available at time of publication. R - Revised
1 Number of employees refers to all employees.
CD
O
CD
CD
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 39
-------
Appendix of Useful Web References
un
OS
OS
OS
"as
OS
OS
un
SECTION IV - EMPLOYMENT, WAGE AND PRODUCTIVITY RELATED DATA
Page 29: State Employment Data for the Paper Manufacturing Industry
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey of Manufactures
www.census.govl manufacturing! asm/index.html
Go to "Statistics for All Manufacturing by State"
Page 30: Compensation of Employees in the Paper and Allied Products Industry,
from the National Income and Product Accounts
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Data
http:/ / www.bea.gov/ {Table / {Table, cfm ?ReqID=9 &step = 1
From the list of all NIPA tables, Section 6-Income and Employment by Industry, see 6.2D - 6.6D.
Pages 32- 33: Wage Rates and Employment in the Paper and Allied Products Industry
U.S. Bureau of Tabor Statistics
www.bls.gov/ data/ home.htm
Go to 'Employment, Hours, and Earnings - National" and click on "One-Screen Data Search" to build a query.
SECTION V - FINANCIAL AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE RELATED DATA
Pages 34 -35: Profit and Loss Data, Cash Inflow and Selected Balance Sheet Data
for the Paper and Allied Products Industry
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Quarterly Financial Report
www.census.gov/ econ/qfr/historicpub.html
Note: Annual figures in Table 22 are based on data for each quarter in the QFR.
Page 36: General Statistics for the Paper Manufacturing Industry
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey of Manufactures
www.census.gov/ manufacturing/ asm/index.html
Go to "Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries"
Page 37: Value of Paper Products Manufacturers' Shipments and Inventories
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Manufacturers Shipments, Inventories, and New Orders
www.census.gov/ manufacturing/ m3/historical_data/index.html
Download the "Shipments" and "TotalInventory" Excelfiles.
Refer to the 6-digit M3 Series Identification Codes on the website to navigate through the files.
Page 38: General Statistics for the Paper Manufacturing Industry by State
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey of Manufactures
www.census.gov/ manufacturing/ asm/index.html
Go to "Statistics for All Manufacturing by State"
Page 39: Capital Expenditures and Employment in the Paper Manufacturing Industry
by Sector (based on NAICS)
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey of Manufactures
www.census.gov/ manufacturing/ asm/index.html
Go to "Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries"
OTHER GOVERNMENT SOURCES
Producer Price Index for Commodity Groupings and Individual Items
U.S. Bureau of Tabor Statistics
www.bls.gov/ppi/ home.htm
Under "PPI Databases, "go to 'Commodity Data" and click on "One-Screen Data Search" to build
Producer Price Index for the Net Output of Selected Industries and Products
U.S. Bureau of Tabor Statistics
www.bls.gov/ppi/ home.htm
Under 'PPI Databases, "go to 'Industry Data" and click on "One-Screen Data Search" to build a query.
40 American Forest & Paper Association 020 Ammmn Fmst <* PaPer Asso^nm, i™.
-------
Definitions & Grade Descriptions
PAPER GRADES
NEWSPRINT
Uncoated paper used for the
printing of newspapers, tradi-
tionally made from a furnish
containing at least 65% mechani-
cal pulps, unsized or very lightly
sized having a smoothness on
each side not exceeding 200
seconds Bekk, weighing not less
than 40g per square meter and
not more than 65gper square
meter and having an ash content
by weight not exceeding eight per-
cent. Does not include printing
papers of types generally used
for purposes other than newspa-
pers such as mechanical printing
papers for catalogs, directories,
inserts, etc.
PRINTING & WRITING and
RELATED PAPERS
Coated or uncoated paper used
primarily for the purpose of
printing, writing, or other type
of communications. This
includes Bristols manufactured
for non-packaging purposes but
does not include newsprint.
Uncoated Mechanical: Uncoated
papers usually containing more
than 10% mechanical pulps
(stone groundwood, refiner or
thermomechanical) in their fur-
nish, excluding newsprint.
Coated Mechanical: Bleached
papers traditionally containing
more than 10% mechanical pulp
in their furnish and with a
coating weight of at least 2.5
pounds (25 x 38-500) on either
side and at least 50% of the
coating consisting of pigment.
Surface coatings are added for
the purpose of improving the
appearance and printing surface.
The coater can be on or off
the machine.
Coated Free Sheet: Bleached paper
traditionally containing not more
than 10% mechanical pulps in
their furnish and with a coating
weight of at least 2.5 pounds (25
x 38-500) on either side (or on
one side in the case of one-sided
grades) and at least 50% of the
coating consisting of pigment.
Surface coatings are added for
the purpose of improving the
appearance and printing surface.
The coater can be on or off the
machine.
Uncoated Free Sheet: Bleached un-
coated papers usually containing
not more than 10% mechanical
pulps in their furnish; includes
offset, tablet, envelope, business
papers (bond, ledger, mimeo, du-
plicator), forms bond, cover and
text, and related papers. Also
includes "thin papers" -
carbonizing, bible, stencil, and
similar papers.
Solid Bleached Bristols: Heavy-
weight paper, coated or
uncoated, used primarily for
graphic communications and for
business office and school sup-
PH es. Includes tabulating index,
tag, file folder, index, postcard,
and coated cover bristols.
Cotton Fiber: Papers containing
25% or more in their furnish
of cotton, cotton rags, cotton
waste, linters, linter pulp, flax, or
similar fibers.
PACKAGING &
INDUSTRIAL CONVERTING
Wrapping paper, shipping sack,
bag and sack other than ship-
ping sack, and other converting
papers. Also includes paper and
board used in specialty packaging
and industrial end uses.
Unbleached Kraft: Paper tradition-
ally containing more than 80%
unbleached sulfate wood pulp.
Includes wrapping paper, ship-
ping sack, grocers sack and other
bag, and other converting papers
-18 lbs. and over (24 x 36-500).
Bleached Packaging and Industrial
Converting: Paper made for simi-
lar end uses as unbleached Kraft,
but made from bleached, and
semi-bleached sulfate and un-
bleached sulfite pulps. Includes
wrapping paper, shipping sack,
grocers and other bag and sack,
and other converting papers -18
lbs. and over (24 x 36-500).
Specialty Packaging: Paper and
board of all weights and fur-
nishes, usually used as protective
packaging for food and other
consumer products, such as
bakery bags, fast food and frozen
food wraps. Also includes
glassine, greaseproof and some
vegetable parchment paper.
Special Industrial: Paper and
board, of all weights, calipers
and furnishes, designed for
specialized end uses and manu-
factured to exact customer
specifications; includes abrasive
paper, electrical insulation, filter
paper, and similar grades. Does
not include wet machine board.
TISSUE
Includes sanitary grades, such
as toilet, facial, napkin, towel-
ing, sanitary napkins, wiper and
special sanitary papers, waxing,
wrapping, wadding, and miscel-
laneous grades.
PAPERBOARD GRADES
UNBLEACHED
KRAFT PAPERBOARD
Paperboard made from a furnish
containing not less than 80%
wood pulp produced by the
sulfate process.
Unerboard: Unbleached Kraft
paperboard used as facing
material in the manufacture of
corrugated or solid fiber boxes.
Includes solid unbleached Kraft
linerboard, white top linerboard
and clay coated unbleached Kraft
linerboard.
Folding: Paperboard, such as
clay coated unbleached Kraft
and bleached lined unbleached
Kraft backed, manufactured for
conversion into folding cartons
and beverage carriers.
Other: All unbleached Kraft
paperboard whose end use is
not otherwise classified, such
as board to be fabricated into
a shipping container, tube, can,
drum, file folder, tag, automo-
tive panel, etc.
SOLID BLEACHED
PACKAGING PAPERBOARD
Paperboard for use in packaging
made from a furnish containing
not less than 80% bleached
wood pulp. Bleached bristols
manufactured for non-packaging
uses are included in the bleached
bristol classification under
paper grades.
Unerboard: Solid bleached paper-
board used as facing material in
the manufacture of corrugated
or solid fiber boxes.
Folding: Solid bleached paper-
board for conversion into folding
cartons, such as folding cartons
for ice cream, butter, margarine,
frozen foods, bakery products,
cosmetics, drugs, etc.
Liquid Packaging and Food Service:
IJquid Packaging - Solid bleached
paperboard for conversion into
cartons packaging fluids which
are packed fresh or a septic all}7,
such as milk, cream and fruit
juices. May be waxed, coated,
laminated, extruded or
otherwise treated.
Food Service - Solid bleached
paperboard for conversion into
cups and round nested food con-
tainers, plates, dishes and trays,
and packaging for moist, liquid
or oily foods.
Other: Solid bleached paper-
board for conversion into
products like can stock, milk
bottle hood and lip cover (snap-
in or coverall type), cup lid, milk
bottle plug, layers separator
stock, bacon boards, meat pads,
blister packs, tubes, etc., other
products not classified above and
industrial products not classified
under bleached bristols.
© 2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
American Forest & Paper Association 41
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Definitions & Grade Descriptions
SEMICHEMICAL
PAPERBOARD
Paperboard made from a
furnish traditionally containing
not less than 75% wood pulp,
the predominant portion of
which is produced by a semi-
chemical process.
Corrugating Medium: Semi-
chemical paperboard used as the
fluting material in the manufac-
ture of corrugated or solid fiber
boxes.
RECYCLED PAPERBOARD
Paperboard manufactured from
a combination of recycled fibers
from various grades of paper
stock with the predominant
portion of its furnish being re-
cycled fibers; sometimes includes
wood pulp as described below.
Unerboard: Recycled paperboard
produced from a furnish usually
containing less than 80% wood
pulp and used as facing material
in the manufacture of corru-
gated or solid fiber boxes.
Corrugating Medium: Recycled
paperboard produced from a
furnish traditionally containing
less than 75% wood pulp and
used as the fluting material in the
manufacture of corrugated or
solid fiber boxes. Also includes
container chip and filler board.
g: Recycled paperboard
manufactured with bending
quality for conversion into fold-
ing cartons (including unlined
chipboard, Kraft lined, white
lined and clay coated).
Set-Up: Recycled paperboard
manufactured with non-bending
specifications for conversion into
rigid or set-up boxes (including
plain chipboard, newslined and
white vat lined).
Gypsum Wallboard Facing: Recycled
paperboard manufactured for
use as liner or facing on gypsum
board and plasterboard (includes
white, cream, gray, blue and
all colors).
Other: Recycled paperboard with
the same characteristics as paper-
board for folding and set-up, but
mostly used in non-packaging
applications. Also includes
recycled paperboard for uses not
otherwise classified. Examples
of end uses include panelboard,
commercial printing pre-printed
board, tag, file folder, tube, can,
drum, match, stem, tablet backs,
toys, etc.
CONSTRUCTION PAPER & BOARD
CONSTRUCTION PAPER
Sheathing paper, felts (roofing
felts, floor covering, automotive
felts, deadening, industrial, pipe
covering, refrigerator, etc.),
flexible wood fiber insulation.
WET MACHINE BOARD
Binders board, shoe board (e.g.,
counter board, heel board, inner-
sole, etc.), automotive board,
chair seat backing, coaster board,
luggage, mill board, panel board,
table top board, etc.
INSULATING BOARD
A fibrous-felted homogenous
panel made by interfelting of
the fibers (e.g., interior building
board, wallboard, sound deaden-
ing board, acoustical tile, exterior
sheathing board, roof insulation
board, trailer board, etc.).
WOOD PULP
DISSOLVING &
SPECIAL ALPHA
Highly refined bleached white
sulfite or sulfate pulp with a high
content of alpha (pure cellulose)
fiber.
SULFITE PAPER GRADES
Paper grade pulps produced by
the sulfite process. Bleached pulp
must achieve a G.E. Brightness of
more than 75.
SULFATE PAPER GRADES
Bleached Hardwood, Bleached
Softwood, Unbleached Sulfate: Paper
grade and fluff pulps produced
by the sulfate or soda process.
Bleached pulp must achieve a
G.E. Brightness of more than
75. Semi-bleached pulp must
achieve a G.E. Brightness of
not less than 45 nor more than
75. Unbleached pulp has a G.E.
Brightness of less than 45.
SEMICHEMICAL
High yield pulps produced with
the use of some chemical agent
such as neutral sulfite (N.S.S.C.),
alkaline cook, chemipulp
(defibrated pulp put through
reaction chambers), or chemime-
chanical pulp, with a yield usually
above 60%.
MECHANICAL
Fine textured, usually bright
pulps, used in paper and
paperboard manufacture and
produced by mechanical rather
than chemical processes.
Stone Groundwood: Pulp produced
by grinding wood logs or bolts
(usually 4 ft. in length) into rela-
tively short fibers.
Refiner: Pulp produced by
subjecting wood chips and/or
residues to atmospheric or open
discharge refining.
Thermomechanical: A high-yield
pulp produced by a thermo-
mechanical process in which
wood particles are softened by
preheating under pressure prior
to pressurized primary refining
stage. Usually replaces or
reduces the chemical pulp
component in newsprint or
mechanical papers.
WOOD PULP FOR
CONSTRUCTION PAPER & BOARD
Coarse, often brown, pulps used
in the manufacture of insulating
board and construction paper.
Also includes similar pulps if
used in the manufacture of wet
machine board. Excludes pulp
for hard pressed board.
Stone Groundwood and Refiner:
Pulps produced by the stone
groundwood or refiner processes
but used in the manufacture of
construction paper and board.
Defibrated/Exploded: Pulps pro-
duced by subjecting wood chips
to preheating and pressurized
refining. Similar to the thermo-
mechanical process except that
operation variables produce an
economical, coarse brown pulp
suitable only for construction
paper and board.
42 American Forest & Paper Association
©2014, American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
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Appendix C
-------
o
BETTER PRACTICES American
BETTER PLANET Forest & Paper
Continuing AF&PA's Commitment to Sustainability BiiiB, Association
2014 AF&PA
Sustainability Report
-------
Introduction
1
Appendix One: Results from AF&PA's 2012 member 18
SPOTLIGHT: Progress Toward the Better Practices,
2
survey regarding economic, social and environmental
Better Planet 2020 Sustainability Goals
sustainability indicators, plus information from
government sources
The Forest Products Industry's
3
The Economic Indicators of Sustainability
18
Sustainable Record
— Employment Trends
18
Providing Society's Essential Products
4
— Labor Productivity
18
Economic Contributions — a Critical Element
4
— Compensation
18
of Sustainability
— Contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
18
Sustainable Use of Wood — Our Basic Raw Material
5
— Production
18
Sustainable Manufacturing
6
— U.S. Trade Competitiveness
19
— Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
7
— Capital Expenditures
19
— Water
7
The Social Indicators
19
— Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
8
— Individual Member Policies
19
— Air Emissions
9
— Internal Reporting
20
— Producing More with Less Environmental
9
— Employee Programs
20
and Energy Impact
— Public Reporting
20
Paper Recovery for Recycling
9
— Voluntary Efforts, Pollution Prevention,
21
People
11
and External Recognition
— Worker Safety
11
— Worker Safety Performance
21
— Communities
11
— Public Policy and Community Outreach
21
Building the Bio-based Economy
12
The Environmental Indicators
21
— Energy Production
21
Performance Tracking: The Statistics
13
— Greenhouse Gas Emissions
22
of Sustainability
— Water Discharges
23
Reporting Our Progress
13
— Air Emissions
23
— Increase Paper Recovery for Recycling
14
— Chemical Releases
23
— Improve Energy Efficiency
14
— Beneficial Use of Manufacturing Residuals
25
— Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
14
Research, Development and Innovation
25
— Promote Sustainable Forestry
15
Appendix Two: AF&PA Sustainability-Related
27
— Strive for the Safest Possible Workplace
16
Requirements for Members
— Reduce Water Use
16
SPOTLIGHT: The AF&PA Sustainability Award
17
SPOTLIGHT: AF&PA Sustainability Leadership
29
Winners 2012-13
Highlights
-------
Introduction
The American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA)
has a long history of achievement in, and reporting
transparently on, sustainability actions taken by the
industry. Our members are committed to using sus-
tainable manufacturing processes to produce reusable
and recyclable products from a sustainably-managed
renewable resource. People across the country and
around the world rely on our products to communi-
cate and inform, provide shelter and hygiene, package
and deliver necessities, and capture life's memorable
moments.
AF&PA members represent the diverse spectrum
of the forest products industry — ranging from large
to small, publicly and privately owned, U.S. and
global companies that manufacture pulp, paper,
packaging and wood products, and some that own
and manage forests. These member companies are an
integral part of the communities in which they oper-
ate, contributing to community leadership, education,
health and wellness, and recreational opportunities.
The jobs our members provide are a vital driver of the
overall economic health of those communities.
AF&PA's sustainability efforts help member com-
panies strive toward their own sustainability goals by
providing:
¦ Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS) Prin-
ciples, as well as Sustainable Forest Management
and Sustainable Procurement Principles for wood
sourcing. AF&PA members comply with these
principles as a condition of membership;
¦ Periodic tracking of progress towards sustainabil-
ity performance through a set of economic, social,
and environmental indicators;
¦ Initiatives such as Better Practices, Better Planet
2020 that establish sustainability goals for the
combined AF&PA membership; and
¦ Forums for industry, governments, communities,
and others to work together towards improved
sustainability performance for the benefit of all
stakeholders.
We report biennially on AF&PA members' sus-
tainability performance. This reporting reaches be-
yond environmental performance to also integrate
the economic and social elements essential to our in-
dustry's viability and the communities and families
that we support. We have made great strides to con-
tinue our proven performance and push to reach new
heights.
One of the best examples of our focus on contin-
ued improvement is AF&PA members' commitment
to the goals within our sustainability initiative — Bet-
ter Practices, Better Planet 2020 — which includes
AF&PA received three Green Globes® for the build-out of our new office
space in Washington, D.C. The rating system is an online program
for green building certification that uses third-party assessors and
evaluates environmental impacts. AF&PA's three Green Globes awards
demonstrate leadership in applying best practices regarding energy,
water, and environmental efficiency. The new offices feature extensive
use of daylight; energy-efficient lighting and mechanical systems; low-
emitting paints, coatings, adhesives and flooring; and the incorporation
of wood and paper-based design elements.
one of the most extensive collections of quantifiable
sustainability goals for a major U.S. manufacturing
industry.
Our members continuously strive for improved
performance, which we recognize through annual
AF&PA Sustainability Awards. These awards encour-
age and recognize exemplary industry programs and
initiatives contributing to innovation in sustainable
processes and procurement.
We are proud to represent member companies who
take seriously their commitment to sustainability.
Donna Harman
President and CEO
July 2014
i
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BETTER PRACTICES
BETTER PLANET ZUZU
Continuing AF&PA's Commitment to Sustainability
Progress toward the Better Practices, Better Planet 2020
sustainability goals:
GOAL: Exceed 70 percent rate of paper recovery for recycling by 2020
Paper recovery for recycling reached 63.5 percent in 2013 — exceeding 60 percent for the past
5 years.
~
GOAL; Improve members' purchased energy efficiency use by at least 10 percent from 2005
to 2020
Improved energy efficiency led to a reduction in purchased energy of 8.8 percent. On average,
about two-thirds of our members' energy needed for forest products production comes from
the use of carbon-neutral biomass.
GOAL: Reduce our members' greenhouse gas emissions by at least 15 percent from 2005 to 2020
Greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 14.5 percent — nearly reaching our goal1
Em
H
GOAL: Increase the amount of fiber procured from certified forest lands or through certified
fiber sourcing programs in the U.S. from 2005 to 2020 and work to decrease illegal logging
AF&PA members' procurement of fiber from certified forestlands reached 29 percent, and
fiber procured through certified programs reached 95 percent. Members also continue to
support programs to decrease illegal logging.
GOAL: A vision for the industry of zero injuries and measuring progress toward that vision
by further improving our incidence rate by 25 percent from 2006 to 2020
The safety incidence rate in our facilities improved by 24 percent.
GOAL: Reduce water use in members' pulp and paper mills by 12 percent from 2005 to 2020
Water use at member pulp and paper mills was reduced by 6 percent.
2
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The Forest Products Industry's
Sustainable Record
Part One
The American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) is proud to present our 2014
Sustainability Report documenting the sustainability performance of AF&PA
member companies, representing the U.S. pulp, paper, packaging, and wood
products manufacturing industry. This report outlines the social, economic, and
environmental contributions made by our members, as well as the performance metrics that
show the positive actions taken to improve the efficiencies of our processes. Information
contained in this report was obtained through AF&PA's most recent surveys collecting data
on environment, energy, health and safety, and certified fiber, as well as from public sources.1
Our industry seeks to preserve and grow its eco-
nomic contribution, and that of the individual compa-
nies, to society; works to foster the well-being of our
communities; and Uses sustainable manufacturing
and fiber procurement practices to protect the envi-
ronment, ensuring that our resources will be available
to meet the needs of future generations.
Unique qualities that characterize our industry
include:
I The essential bio-based products produced by our
members that support and protect everyday life in
our society;
¦ Increased efficiencies in our production and use
of energy, reductions of our carbon footprint, and
substantial reductions in the release of environ-
mental pollutants; and
¦ Planning for the future through development and
production of new bio-based products.
Sustainability advocates and practitioners have
worked to refine the concept for decades. In 1987, the
United Nations World Commission on Environment
and Development (the Brundtland Commission) de-
fined sustainable development as "development that
meets the needs of the present without compromis-
ing the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs." Over time, the understanding of sustainabil-
ity has matured. While in the past there has been a
primary focus on the environmental elements, it is
now broadly recognized that the social and economic
elements must be pursued equally if we are to achieve
long-term sustainability.2
1 Unless stated otherwise,
data are from the survey
results torthe 2012 operat-
ing year.
2 United Nations (2013]
Global Sustainable Devel-
opment Report - Building
the Comrrio.n Future We
Want. New York: United Na-
tions Department of Eco-
nomic and Social Affairs,
Division for Sustainable
Development. 2013, http //
sustainabledevelopment.
un.org/globalsdreport/
-------
Providing Society's Essential
Products
Forest products are essential components of modern
life. They are made from a renewable resource —
trees. They encompass an incredibly wide range of
products with nearly limitless everyday uses from fa-
cilitating education, communications, hygiene, food
storage, and product protection to providing shelter
and homes. New and innovative forest products are
being developed while constant improvements are
made to existing products.
¦ Printing and writing papers include paper used
for books, magazines, office and home print-
ers, birthday cards, wedding invitations, printed
photos and vital documents, such as birth certifi-
cates, social security cards, and diplomas. These
papers have continually adapted to fit the needs
of each new generation, serving an important role
in enabling the flow and exchange of information
throughout all sectors of society and around the
world.
Sustainability Award Winner
Graphic Packaging International developed an innovative packaging so-
lution for 12 and 18 bottle beer packs, reducing greenhouse gas emissions
by 30 percent and glass bottle breakage without increasing total pack-
aging materials. The "Tite-Pak® Innovation Beverage Packaging" project
won the 2013 Innovation in Sustainability Award from AF&PA.
Paper-based packaging is a versatile and cost-ef-
ficient method to transport, protect and preserve
a wide array of items. It is engineered to be stur-
dy, yet lightweight, and is customizable to meet
product- or customer-specific needs. Corrugated
containerboard is used to ship and transport ev-
erything from electronics to fragile glassware to
perishable goods; paperboard packages food,
medicine and toiletries for handy storage and dis-
play; and paper bags give customers a sustainable
option to carry their purchases home.
Wood provides shelter, furniture, flooring, and
cabinetry, as well as smaller items from bowls to
toys to chopsticks. It is the building material of
choice for strength, aesthetic appeal and environ-
mental responsibility. In addition, wood stores
carbon and is less energy- and carbon-intensive to
produce than competing materials like concrete
and steel.
The U.S. Census Bureau
basically defines rural in
two forms, as: 1) census
designated areas having
"less than 2,500 persons";
and 2) "other places" based
on housing units and other
demographic information.
4 Calculated by AF&PA us-
ing December 2013 Bureau
of Labor Statistics payroll
data.
5 Updated Job Multipliers
for the U.S. Economy (table
9), Economic Policy Insti-
tute, August 2003.
Economic Contributions —
a Critical Element of
Sustainability
In 2012, the forest products industry (paper, paper-
board, converting and wood products) contributed
almost 4 percent of the U.S. manufacturing gross do-
mestic product (GDP). Sector sales totaled $210 bil-
lion in 2013, and the industry paid estimated state
and local taxes of $4.6 billion.
In the U.S., the industry's employment of nearly
900,000 people exceeds employment levels of the au-
tomotive, chemical, and plastics sectors. The forest
products industry pays approximately $50 billion a
year in wages and other compensation.
In the small, rural communities where our mills
generally are located, these are highly sought af-
ter, well-paying jobs. Indeed, more than 75 percent
of U.S. pulp and paper mills are located in counties
designated by the U.S. Census Bureau as more than
80 percent rural.3 These jobs play a key role in the
standard of living, education, and cultural fabric of
the area.
Wages at pulp and paper mills are 50 percent
higher than the average private sector job.4 In addi-
tion, every 100 paper industry jobs supports 325 ad-
ditional jobs in supplier industries and within local
communities.5
In 2009, the U.S. paper, paperboard, and convert-
ed products sector achieved a positive trade balance
for the first time in nearly 100 years. In 2013, exports
exceeded imports by 2.6 million tons.
Efficiency is essential to international competitive-
ness. From 2001 to 2011, worker productivity rose
36 percent at pulp, paper, and paperboard mills. The
productivity contributions of our workers are critical
to the U.S. industry's ability to compete in the world
marketplace.
Forest Products Industry Labor
Productivity Gains
1 50
120
90
60
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 1
Wood Products Manufacturing
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills
4
-------
¦ j
AF&PA members operate in a very competitive
global market. To enhance our sustainability^ we
are working to take advantage of our strengths and
to find additional opportunities for our unique bio-
based supply chain to produce new products and oth-
er applications for our existing products.
Sustainable Use of Wood
— Our Basic Raw Material
Trees are the ultimate renewable resource because
they can be planted, grown, harvested and replanted.
AF&PA members have long supported and followed
sustainable forestry practices. More than 20 years
ago, members agreed to adhere to a set of Sustain-
able Procurement Principles that reach far beyond
2013 North American Sustainable Forestry
Management Program Statistics
500
400
300
SiO
10ff
asWsEs: SB;
Million Acres
Enrolled
¦ SFI
Thousand Loggers Chain of Custody
Trained Certificates (X 10]
FSC
ATFS
legal requirements. The Principles encourage mem-
bers to procure wood fiber from suppliers trained in
sustainable forestry practices and principles and who
use qualified logging professionals; provide research
funding for forestry; and seek to improve forest man-
agement practices. Additional work led to the devel-
opment of a sustainable forestry standard, which later
became the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI®), an
Sustainability Award Winner
Domtar formed the Four States Timberland Owners Association in 2010
to educate landowners and managers on how to obtain sustainable forest
management certification. Domtar, along with 55 individual landowners
owning more than 70,000 acres, achieved certification of their forestland.
AF&PA awarded Domtar the 2013 Leadership in Sustainability Sustain-
able Forestry Management Award for this project.
independent non-profit. Today, AF&PA members use
standards and methods developed and maintained
by the SFI®, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC®),
the American Tree Farm System (ATFS), and the Pro-
gramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
(PEFC™). For us, sustainability is not just an option;
it's a necessity for maintaining forest resources into
the future.
The photosynthesis associated with tree growth
captures and converts carbon dioxide from the atmo-
sphere into fiber and other wood components. Wood
stores carbon indefinitely, even as a finished product,
helping to reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emis-
sions over the long haul. In addition, growing trees
5
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also release oxygen into the atmosphere, thereby sup-
porting life on our planet. In 2011, U.S. forests and
wood products captured and stored roughly 16 per-
cent of all carbon dioxide emitted by fossil fuel con-
sumption in the United States.6
More trees are planted annually in the U.S. than
are harvested by the forest products industry. Cur-
rently, 1.2 billion trees are planted per year according
to the U.S. Forest Service,7 Today, the United States
has 20 percent more trees than it did on the first Earth
Day celebration more than 40 years ago. One-third
of the United States is forested — 751 million acres.
Privately-owned forests supply 91 percent of the
wood used by the U.S. forest products industry, while
state, tribal and municipal forests supply 7 percent,
and federal forests supply only 2 percent. More than
56 percent of U.S. forests are privately owned, much
of it by family forest owners who manage their lands
to provide value for future generations. Maintaining
a healthy and economically viable forest products
industry business sector creates a market for wood,
providing an incentive for landowners to keep land
forested rather than convert it to other uses Such as
development or agriculture. It also provides a profit-
able market outlet for removing trees to reduce over-
crowding, which helps to maintain healthy, resilient
forests, which in turn reduces wildfires and insect and
disease infestations.
The reforestation activities that take place on man-
aged lands after harvest provide numerous ecological
and social benefits not possible if forest stands are left
in the mature state. Each stage of the forest succession
process provides unique habitat and environmental
protection benefits that would not occur without the
rotational harvest and reforestation cycles.
Sustainable Manufacturing
Our commitment to sustainable manufacturing is one
of the most significant of any industrial sector, and
AF&PA's Better Practices, Better Planet 2020 sus-
tainability initiative includes one of the most exten-
sive collections of quantifiable goals for a major U.S.
manufacturing industry. Our members created this
program to focus on achieving a suite of six sustain-
ability goals {see Part II for a goals progress report).
But progress on our goals only tells part of the
story. Sustainable manufacturing is an economic as
well as environmental imperative for AF&PA mem-
bers. Efforts to improve the efficiency of how we use
Sustainability Award Winner
Green Bay Packaging achieved 100 percent fiberyield recovery at its Ar-
kansas Kraft Division facility and was recognized by AF&PA with the 2012
Innovation in Sustainability Award, The mill attained zero-landfill of fiber
collected in the mill waste treatment system, diverting over 60,000 cubic
yards of usable fiberfrom landfills in 2011.
6 Climate Changes in the
United States, Third Na-
tional Climate Assessment,
May 2014.
7 Forest nursery seedling
production in the United
States—fiscal year 2012 -
USDA Forest Service, 2013.
-------
Sustainability Award Winner
A comprehensive, multi-year energy management program developed
for Georgia-Pacific's manufacturing facilities spawned more than 200
energy efficiency projects and other efforts. Collectively, they generated
savings of more than $50 million in purchased energy and reduced energy
use by over two trillion Btu. These results and the resultant greenhouse
gas reductions were recognized byAF&PAwith a 2012 Leadership in Sus-
tainability Energy Efficiency/Greenhouse Gas Reduction Award.
resources have resulted in decreased emissions and
natural resources needed to manufacture our prod-
ucts. For example, wood fibers used to make a sheet
of paper are separated and prepared in water-based
slurries. Water and other materials are added and then
removed to produce the finished paper, thus recycling
and reusing raw materials. Water is reused 10 times
before being treated and returned to the environment.
Spent pulping chemicals and organic substances from
the biomass material are combusted to capture and
reuse the pulping chemicals and to generate valuable
carbon neutral fuel to power our mills. At kraft pulp
mills (the most commonly used process in the U.S.),
up to 98 percent of the pulping chemicals are recov-
ered and recycled in virtually a closed loop.
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
AF&PA members strive to minimize energy costs, as
energy constitutes the third largest expense category
for the forest products industry (with the cost of ma-
terials such as fiber ranking number one and employ-
ee compensation number two).
Member mills produce solid wood products, pulp,
paper, paper-based packaging, and other wood-based
materials. Residuals that do not end up in products
can be used as an energy source for manufacturing or
used to generate electricity that is sold to the grid as
green power.
We self-generate most of our energy needs; more
importantly, most of that is renewable energy. On av-
erage, about 66 percent of the energy used at AF&PA
member pulp and paper mills is generated from car-
bon-neutral biomass. In fact, forest and paper products
2012 Pulp and Paper Mill Energy Sources
Spent Liquor Solids
Hogged Fuel & Bark
Coal
Natural Gas
Purchased Electricity
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Fossil Fuel
Purchased Steam
Other Renewahles
Renewable Fuels
Fossil Fuels
10 20 30 40
Percent of Total
50
facilities accounted for 62 percent of the renewable
biomass energy consumed by all manufacturing facili-
ties in all sectors. Fifty-nine percent of the electricity
used by our members was self-generated. Indeed, 42
percent of our members' mills self-generated more than
half of their power, and 23 percent sold excess power
back to the grid, much of it renewable as well.
The industry has long relied on the much more
efficient combined heat and power (CHP) generation
process to produce the electricity and steam needed
2012 CHP Electricity Generation
by Industry
Forest Products Industry
Chemical Industry
All Other Industry
SOURCE: U.S. Department
of Energy
to manufacture its products. In this process, exhaust
steam from electricity-generating turbines is used di-
rectly to dry wood and paper and to heat production
processes or buildings before being condensed and
recycled back to steam generation boilers. The use
of CHP results in efficiencies in the range of 50 to
80 percent at forest products plants, in comparison
to non-CHP electrical stations, such as utilities, with
typical efficiencies around 33 percent. In 2012, 96.4
percent of the electricity the industry generated was
through CHP. The forest products industry produced
30 percent of CHP electricity generated by manufac-
turing facilities in the U.S. Of all manufacturing sec-
tors, only the chemical industry produced more.
Water
Water is a vital part of the papermaking process. Tech-
nology and innovation enable water to be reused and
recycled ten times throughout the paper mill process.
After water is used inside the mill, it is treated in a
wastewater system and then returned to the environ-
ment. The forest products industry directly returns
to the environment about 88 percent of the water it
withdraws and uses in its manufacturing processes.
Another 11 percent evaporates, once again becoming
part of the water cycle. The remaining one percent is
incorporated into our products.
AF&PA shares the global concerns about water
scarcity and access to potable water. The environ-
7
-------
mental impacts, of water use and the economic and
social aspects of that use are very site-specific. We
have actively participated in global water sustainabil-
ity initiatives to help advance understanding of the
impacts of water use at our mills, as we believe that
it is the impact of that use — which includes positive
Sustainability Award Winner
The 2012 AF&PA Leadership in Sustainability Water Award winner, HWV's
Mahrt Mill in Cottonton, Alabama, reduced water usage by 20 percent,
energy usage by over 8 percent, and C02 emissions by 10 metric tons per
day while maintaining existing production quality and capacity.
economic impacts — that is most important. We have
participated in the development of the Alliance for
Water Stewardship's International Water Stewardship
Standard released in April 2014, as well as the Water
Footprint Standard developed by the Water Footprint
Network and its partners.
While we focus on achieving our water use reduc-
tion goal, we continue to make progress reducing the
regulated constituents in our water discharges. For
example, compared to 2010, total suspended solids
(TSS) releases were reduced by 11.5 percent and Bio-
chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), a measure of the
amount of organic material in the effluent that results
in lowered oxygen content of receiving streams, was
reduced by 12.9 percent.
Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Discharges
15
c
o
20
T3
O
2:15
o
° 10
<1)
Q_
5
'c
" f| IE '95 '00 m "M 'OS 10 "TS
!¦ Volume - M gal./ton * TSS - Ibs./ton
BOD - Ibs./ton
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
The carbon-neutral renewable energy generated by
Our members is equivalent to 200 million barrels of
oil annually, and its use avoids fossil fuel-based GHG
emissions. Virtually all of this energy comes from
biomass residuals left over from the manufacturing
process; diverting these residuals from landfills also
curbs potential GHG emissions.
At pulp and paper mills, the emission rate ex-
pressed in tons of carbon dioxide (CO,) equivalents
per ton of production has been reduced by 55.8 per-
cent since 1972, 23.1 percent since 2000, and 3.9 per-
cent compared to 2010. The emissions intensity rate
for pulp and paper mills and wood products facilities
combined decreased by 22.5 percent since 2000. Be-
tween 2010 and 2012, this rate was reduced by 4.4
percent.
Pulp and Paper Mill Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
illliim
"*13 '30 "10 '00 04- '03 TE 12
A recent study by the National Council for Air
and Stream Improvement (NCASI) shows that the
GHG reduction benefits of using biomass residuals
for energy by the forest products industry are equiva-
lent to about 218 million tons of carbon dioxide. This
is comparable to removing about 40 million cars from
the road.
8
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Producing More with Less Impact
!S:
O LO
c o-
off
The sustainable management of forests supported
by the industry plays a large part in the cycle to off-
set carbon emissions. In 2011, U.S. forests and wood
products captured and stored roughly 16 percent of
all carbon dioxide emitted by fossil fuel consumption
in the United States.
Air Emissions
EPA's Clean Air Act initiatives have been the focus
of AF&PA policy advocacy for the last several years.
Some of the emission standards are still not final-
ized and may not be for several more years; AF&PA
Pulp and Paper Mill Air Emissions
is lis
» Production
> Effluent
> TSS «
> Greenhouse Gases
"95 '00'02. '06 '08 '10 ' 12
Total Enegy
~ S02
BOD
NOx
> TRS
AOX
Sustainability Award Winner
KapStone's Longview Mill received the 2013 AF&PA Leadership in
Sustainability Energy Efficiency/Greenhouse Gas Reduction Award for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 72 percent over the last decade;
reducing overall energy use by 37 percent since 2007; reducing overall
energy used per ton of paper produced by 17.6 percent since 2007; and
increasing total tons of paper produced by 50 percent since 2006.
30
0
25
z
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c
nj
20
0
CO
15
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1—
-------
AF&PA Outreach
RecycleMania, an annual eight-week competition for colleges and uni-
versities, engaged 461 schools across the U.S. and Canada — collecting
89.1 million pounds of recyclables and organic materials. Rutgers, the
United States Military Academy, Antioch University, Kalamazoo College
and Valencia College were the top award winners. The 2014 competition
is sponsored by AF&PA, Alcoa Foundation, the Coca-Cola Company, and
SCA. The collection of recyclable materials by contestants prevented the
release of 126,597 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents.
Paper recovery for recycling extends the useful life
of fiber. Approximately 78 percent of all U.S. paper
mills use some recovered fiber to make everything
from paper-based packaging to tissue to office paper
and newspaper.
The paper industry's recycling success leads the
way for all other U.S. recycling efforts and also keeps
paper out of landfills. Approximately 2.5 times more
paper is recycled than is sent to landfills, and every
ton of paper recovered for recycling saves 3.3 cubic
yards of landfill space. According to the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA), only 27.7 percent
of glass, 19.8 percent of aluminum, and 8.8 percent
of plastics consumed were recovered for recycling in
2012, compared to 64.6 percent of paper.
Paper recovery for recycling is also widely acces-
sible: In 2010, 87 percent of Americans had access to
community curbside and/or drop-off paper recycling.
2012 Paper Recycling vs. Other Materials
£> 60
d)
| 3!
CD
s m
c.
Q>
£ 30
4)
20
10
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Plastics Aluminum Glass
Total Paperand
metals paperboard
AF&PA member companies' use of recovered fi-
ber resulted in avoided greenhouse gas emissions of
nearly 18 million metric tons of CO, equivalents in
2013. This has the added benefit to society of reduc-
ing other air pollutants that would be released if the
paper were to end up in a landfill.
To help educate students and their families about
the importance of paper recycling, AF&PA partners
with Kaleidoscope to deliver standards-based curricu-
la straight to the classroom. Further, the AF&PA Re-
cycling Awards recognize outstanding paper recycling
programs in three categories:,; Business, Community
and School. This year, the program was redesigned
to reflect the diversity of paper recycling programs
across the country. In each category^ there are prizes
for creativity, participation, partnerships, and volume
of paper collected.
This year's winners in each category are:
Creativity — unique and innovative ways that have
been used to market the program, raise awareness
and generate interest
¦ Community. Township of Nut ley (Nutley, NJ)
¦ School: Greenhill School (Addison, TX)
¦ Business: Michael Dunn Center (Kingston, TN)
Participation — unique and innovative ways success-
ful programs increased participation and tonnage col-
lected
¦ Community. Vance Air Force Base (Enid, OK)
¦ School: Damascus Elementary School (Salem, OH)
¦ Business: Michael Dunn Center (Kingston, TN)
Partnerships — innovative partnerships (commu-
nity, business, non-profit organizations) used to pro-
mote increased recovery
¦ Community: Metro Waste Authority (Des MoineSj I A)
¦ School: Ocosta High School (Westport, WA)
¦ Business: Michael Dunn Center (Kingston, TN)
Volume — total amount of paper and paperboard col-
lected
¦ Community: Township of Nutley (Nutley, NJ)
¦ School: Damascus Elementary School (Salem, OH)
¦ Business: Curly's Foods, Inc. (Sioux City^ I A)
r|.^_
10
-------
I
People
Worker Safety
Because any injuries to our employees are not accept-
able, we are continuing to work toward our vision of
zero injuries for the industry. Our members continue
to look for innovative worker safety programs to real-
ize this vision. Members have increased their partici-
pation in the OSHA Voluntary Protection Programs
(VPP). Program members are industrial facilities that
voluntarily work to maintain job illness and injury
rates below national Bureau of Labor Statistics averages.
Member VPP Enrolled Facilities
100
60
20
2012
2014
SOPfti: o.i: Dep
of Labor
Paper
Manufacturing
Wood Products
Manufacturing
Forestry and
Lfljftg
AF&PA Sustainability Award Winner
International Paper received the 2012 AF&PA Leadership in Sustainabil-
ity Safety Award for the "It's about...LIFE" campaign. After the campaign
was launched in 2010, Life-changing injuries and Fatality Elimination
(LIFE) were reduced across the company. Along with five specific areas of
focus, LIFE put a face to safety with its "This is Why I Work Safe" toolkit,
video and website, asking employees to bring photos of loved ones into
their workplace as a constant reminder to work safely.
Communities
AF£cPA member companies remain a vital source of
skilled jobs in rural communities throughout the U.S.
More than 75 percent of U.S. pulp and paper mills
are located in counties designated by the U.S. Census
Bureau as more than 80 percent rural. A majority of
the workers employed in the forest products industry
possess at least a high school diploma (or equivalent),9
Member companies provide training to their employ-
ees either through on-the-job training programs or
by providing the opportunity for employees to take
courses at local colleges or universities to improve
their skill base.
In anticipation of the need for highly skilled and
specialized workers, member companies have en-
gaged educational institutions to ensure that future
Source: Employment
Projections Program, U.S.
Department of Labor, U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
11
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employees have the appropriate skills and vocational
training.10 This support has come through donations
to university programs, partnerships with local high
schools or universities to provide internship oppor-
tunities, mentoring programs, and engagement in the
development of curricula and classes that will provide
graduates with the proper skill set to succeed in the
job market.
Member companies also are involved in projects
and programs to enhance the well-being of the com-
munities in which they operate. These programs in-
clude watershed cleanups, recycling drives, and for-
est restoration and regeneration. Some programs are
yearly events to help beautify a watershed or neigh-
borhood. Others are programs that have both social
benefits for the community and benefit the economics
of the company, e.g., recycling drives provide compa-
nies that manufacture recycled paper products with
raw materials, and conservation projects ensure the
long-term viability of the forests that provide the raw
material for virgin pulp.
AF&PA Member Case Studies
Sappi Fine Paper pledged $250,000 for three initiatives to support Sci-
ence, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) and other education pro-
grams at targeted colleges and universities near company mills.
Sonoco has committed $5 million over five years to fund Partners for Un-
paralleled Local Scholastic Excellence (PULSE), a public/private partner-
ship to expand student development and curriculum opportunities through
collaborative academic and social development initiatives, focused on
schools located in the company's hometown of Hartsville, South Carolina.
10 According to a survey
conducted by McKinsey &
Company, a consultancy,
45 percent of employers in
the U.S. believed that there
was a lack of skills among
graduates, which led to va-
cancies in entry-level posi-
tions. (McKinsey Center for
Government, Education to
Employment: Designing a
System that Works).
Building the Bio-based
Economy
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the world pop-
ulation will exceed 9 billion by 2050. All these people
will have needs — many of which can be filled by for-
ests. Forests are incredibly rich and complex ecosys-
tems, delivering services that are necessary for human
well-being and survival — like fresh water, food, and
shelter. Many industries depend on forests for their
resources, not just the forest and paper industry.
Bio-based products already help meet the growing
global demand for a wide range of existing and new
sustainable products. Pulp is used in items as diverse
as sanitary products, like diapers and feminine care
products; tissue products, such as napkins and wipes;
electronics, including the flat screens of televisions
and laptops; and car tires.
For decades, the pulp and paper industry also has
produced ingredients used in detergents, cleaning
aids, asphalt emulsifiers, ink resins, and oil drilling
fluids as valuable co-products of papermaking. Ex-
tractives in wood include resins and fatty acids that
are recovered in the pulp mill, thereby avoiding their
release into the atmosphere or surface waters. The
recovered components are separated and converted
into products tailored to specific market needs. Mak-
ing these products makes pulp and paper mills more
sustainable and supplies green chemicals to global
markets.
Through nanotechnology, which manipulates
matter on an atomic and molecular scales scientists
are looking into ways that trees can improve the sus-
tainability of existing paper-based products as well as
deliver a new generation of sustainable products, in-
cluding high-tech materials that are only beginning to
be imagined. Wood contains cellulosic nanomaterials
that provide strength and stiffness to trees. When iso-
lated, these materials can be used to strengthen other
items, such as plastic fiber-reinforced composites.
Forest biomass is increasingly becoming an im-
portant feedstock for green chemicals. Technologies
to convert the sugar-based carbohydrates in wood
and the building blocks in lignin to a wide range of
plastics and chemicals that now are made from fos-
sil fuels are available, and more efficient methods
are under development. The sustainability initiatives
of many chemical companies, including several that
supply essential raw materials for papermaking, are
encouraging new efforts to make chemicals from re-
newable resources such as wood.
12
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Performance Tracking:
The Statistics of Sustainability
Part Two
AF&PA's ambitious Better Practices, Better Planet 2020 initiative includes one of
the most extensive collections of quantifiable goals for a major U.S. manufac-
turing industry. We are proud to report that AF&PA members are on track to
meet our 2020 sustainability goals, based on the following 2012 calendar year
performances (except for recovery for recycling, which is the 2013 rate).11
¦ Increase paper recovery for recycling: Current-
ly at 63.5 percent, we have exceeded 60 percent
recovery every year since 2009.
¦ Increase energy efficiency: We are more than
three-quarters towards meeting our energy effi-
ciency goal to reduce our use of purchased energy
by 10 percent between 2005 and 2020. AF&PA
members' purchased energy use is currently just
11.8 million BTUs per ton of production,12 an 8.8
percent reduction from 2005 levels.
¦ Reduce greenhouse gas emissions: AF&PA
mills have come very close to achieving the goal
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 15
percent by 2020. Emission rates in 2012 were 14.5
percent lower than those in 2005.
¦ Promote sustainable forestry: Companies con-
tinue to seek to increase fiber procured from both
third-party certified forestlands and through cer-
tified fiber sourcing programs. In 2012, the per-
centage for each of these wood fiber sources was
29 and 95, respectively, both of which are increas-
es from the 2005 baseline. We are continuing to
work with governments and other stakeholders to
combat illegal logging.
¦ Strive for the safest possible workplace: Be-
cause injuries to our employees are not accept-
able, we established a vision for the industry of
zero injuries. We are measuring progress toward
that vision by setting a goal to further improve our
safety incidence rate by 25 percent from 2006 to
2020. AF&PA member companies have reduced
their recordable case incidence rate by 24 percent
since 2006.
¦ Reduce water use: Member pulp and paper mills
are working to reduce water use by 12 percent by
2020. Currently, mills report using 6 percent less
water than in the 2005 baseline year.
Reporting Our Progress
AF&PA and its predecessor organization, the Ameri-
can Paper Institute, have tracked paper product pro-
duction and industry economic performance for de-
cades. Over that time, the paper and wood products
markets have grown more global. Consequently, our
industry's sustainability depends on our ability to suc-
cessfully compete in those global markets, increasing
the importance of the social and economic metrics,
along with the environmental metrics.
Setting relevant and challenging goals is another
important step in the sustainability pursuit. AF&PA's
first goal, set in 1990, was to achieve a 40 percent
paper recovery rate by 1998. This goal was achieved
four years early, and a new 50 percent recovery goal
was established. After achieving that goal in 2003,
two successively higher goals were set — and achieved
— before the decade was out. AF&PA's current suite
of six goals, established in 2011 through the Better
Practices, Better Planet 2020 program, continues
to seek increased paper recovery rates in addition to
11 Except for the recovery
for recycling and safety
goals, all numeric goals
use a 2005 baseline year
The 2005 baseline is de-
rived from the averaging
of 2004 and 2006 data as
reported by member com-
panies through our regu-
lar biennial data collection
process. The recovery goal
does not have a baseline,
and the safety goal baseline
is 2006. Production-based
statistics quoted in this re-
port refer only to quantities
of pulp, paper, and primary
wood products produced.
They do not include con-
verted paper or fabricated
wood products.
12 Wood products gener-
ally require significantly
less energy to manufacture
than pulp and paper prod-
ucts. Such differences can
distort energy efficiency
comparisons if there are
major changes in the pa-
per-wood production mix,
as occurred between the
2005 base year and 2010,
when wood's share of the
production mix declined
significantly. Thus, the 2005
production mix between
wood and paper has been
adjusted to be the same as
it was in 2010 to ensure a
more representative com-
parison of energy efficiency
performance, and we will
be using this same 2010
mix in 2012 and in future
years.
-------
improved energy efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas
emissions, improved sustainable forestry practices,
better workplace safety, and reduced water use.
Our progress towards meeting these goals is re-
ported here. Trends associated with all of the other
sustainability indicators on which we are reporting
are included in the Appendix that follows.
Increase Paper Recovery for Recycling
GOAL: Exceed 70 percent rate of paper recovery for
recycling by 2020
U.S. paper recovery has increased by more than 70
percent since 1990 due to the efforts of the indus-
try and the millions of Americans who recycle every
day. Recovering valuable resources extends the fiber
supply, allowing our industry to reuse its products
Progress Toward Recycling Goal
a. 50
-------
Progress Toward Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Goal
Sustainability Award Winner
Through its "Climate Leadership Initiative," International Paper aggres-
sively managed and reduced greenhouse gas emissions at its facilities by
40 percent from 2000 to 2011 through investments in capital projects and
increased manufacturing efficiencies, new technologies, and encourag-
ing employees to find new ways of working. The company was recognized
by AF&PA, through a 2012 Leadership in Sustainability Energy Efficiency/
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Award, and by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency for its achievement.
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.73
0.76
0.74
a. 0.72
° 0.70
c 0.63
0.66
0.64
'05 '06 '03
Baseline
forests that provide raw materials for our mills. In
2011, U.S. forests and wood products captured and
stored roughly 16 percent of all carbon dioxide emit-
ted by fossil fuel consumption in the United States.
Promote Sustainable Forestry
GOAL: Increase the amount of fiber procured from
certified forestlands or through certified fiber
sourcing programs in the U.S. from 2005 to 2020
and work to decrease illegal logging
All AF&PA members that own forestland are re-
quired to conform to a credible forest management
program. These credible certification programs in-
clude the Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI®), the
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC®) program, the
American Tree Farm System (ATFS), and the Pro-
gramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
(PEFC™)-endorsed programs. In 2012, 29 percent of
member fiber was procured from certified forestlands,
and 95 percent was procured through certified fiber
sourcing programs, both of which are increases from
the 2005 baseline.
Individual member companies work diligently to
safeguard against procurement of fiber from illegally-
logged sources. Illegal logging contributes to global
deforestation and climate change, threatens many
species with extinction, denies forest-dependent com-
munities access to resources, and undermines legiti-
mate businesses. Companies identify and document
sources, require suppliers to sign agreements, use
third-party certification of chain-of-custody records,
and can conform to sustainable fiber sourcing stan-
dards to help in achieving this goal.
AF&PA and its members support and promote ef-
forts to reduce illegal logging in a number of ways. In
the U.S., that effort has centered on the implementa-
tion of the 2008 Lacey Act amendments, which are
helping transform the global marketplace. Those
amendments serve to increase transparency and due
care, shifting supply chains towards legally-sourced
product. AF&PA members are finally able to com-
pete on a more level playing field, and countries and
businesses are becoming much more aware and con-
cerned about the legality of their sourcing practices,
which helps support good forest governance efforts.
Anecdotal information indicates that more and more
customers in major wood markets are seeking legal
sources of wood and are avoiding sources of wood of
questionable origin.
The Lacey Act and other U.S. efforts to curb ille-
gal logging have gained traction; the European Union
and Australia both have implemented their own laws
to address the illegal timber trade and to encourage
trade in legally sourced wood and plant products.
However, this shift is far from complete, as illegal
logging remains a serious problem in many parts of
the globe.
AF&PA and its members are actively promoting
measures to maintain the integrity and effectiveness
of the amendments. For instance, we have advocated
for adequate funding in the federal budget for agen-
cies involved in the implementation and enforcement
of the Lacey Act. We also worked with our allies
against legislative efforts to reduce the effectiveness
of the 2008 Lacey Act amendments. Finally, we have
supported provisions in free trade agreements being
negotiated by the U.S. government intended to curb
illegal logging and associated trade.
~ Progress Toward Sustainable Forestry
Goal
3rd Party Certified
Forestlands
Certified Fiber
Sourcing Programs
ro 26
'05 "10 "12
05 "10 "P
15
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Strive for the Safest Possible Workplace
GOAL: A vision for the industry of zero injuries and
measuring progress toward that vision by further
improving our incidence rate by 25 percent from
2006 to 2020
The safety of our industry's employees is a priority of
our sustainability program, critical to both employee
well-being and the success of our businesses. The Oc-
cupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
recognizes industrial facilities that implement en-
hanced safety programs and maintain on the job in-
jury and illness rates below national Bureau of Labor
Statistics averages for their respective industries. This
recognition includes enrollment in OSHA's Voluntary
Protection Programs (VPP). The forest products in-
dustry has consistently had the second largest number
of facilities of any sector registered by VPP. Because
any injuries to our employees are not acceptable, we
Progress Toward Safety Goal
= 1.5
° 1.0
are continuing to work toward our vision of zero in-
juries for the industry. AF&PA member-implemented
worker training initiatives, increased automation, and
a host of injury preventive measures and safeguards
have resulted in a recordable case incidence rate re-
duction of 24 percent since 2006. AF&PA's manda-
tory Environment, Health & Safety Principles require
that members have health and safety policies in place
and that the companies perform frequent safety au-
dits. Our members continue to look for innovative
worker safety programs to realize our vision of zero
injuries.
Reduce Water Use
GOAL: Reduce water use in members' pulp and pa-
per mills by 12 percent from 2005 to 2020
Reducing water use in the paper manufacturing pro-
cess is responsible stewardship of an important local
resource. Just like trees, water is a valuable natural
resource that our industry strives to manage in a sus-
tainable manner. Water sustainability is achieved, in
part, through water reuse and recycling. Because ef-
fluent measurements are precise and can be accurately
and transparently reported, they serve as the surro-
gate measure of our water withdrawals. Since 2005,
AF&PA member paper mills have reduced water use
by 6 percent. AF&PA members continue to seek ways
to reduce water use, increase water reuse and recy-
cling, and disseminate information about the role of
water in our industry.
H Progress Toward Water Goal
11 500
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o
BETTER PRACTICES
BETTER PLANET
Continuing AF&PA's Commitment to Sustainability
The AF&PA Sustainability
Award Winners 2012-13
2012
2013
Leadership in Sustainability - Energy Efficiency/
Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Large Company)
Georgia-Pacific
Improving Energy Efficiency
International Paper
Climate Leadership Initiative
Leadership in Sustainability - Energy Efficiency/
Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Small Company)
Expera Specialty Solutions
(formerly ThiLmany Papers)
Energy and Water Restructuring Program
Leadership in Sustainability - Safety
International Paper
It's about...LIFE
Leadership in Sustainability - Water
MWV
Mahrt Mill Water and Energy Reduction Project
Innovation in Sustainability
Green Bay Packaging
Fiber Reclaim Project
Leadership in Sustainability - Energy Efficiency/
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
KapStone Paper and Packaging Corporation's
Longview Mill
A One-Year Snapshot of Longview's Multi-Year
Journey
Leadership in Sustainability - Paper Recovery
for Recycling
RockTenn
RockTenn & Customer Recycling and Waste
Reduction Initiative
Leadership in Sustainability - Safety
Domtar
Hazard Mapping atAshdown
Leadership in Sustainability - Sustainable
Forest Management
Domtar
Four States Timberland Owners Association
Leadership in Sustainability - Water
Georgia-Pacific Brunswick Cellulose Operation
Water Use Reduction Project
Innovation in Sustainability
Graphic Packaging International
Tite-Pak® Innovation Beverage Packaging
17
-------
Appendix One:
Results from AF&PA's 2012 member survey regarding
economic, social, and environmental sustainability indicators,
plus information from government sources.
nnKDrnm
The Economic Indicators
of Sustainability
Employment Trends
The forest products industry makes substantial
contributions to global, U.S., and, especially, local
economies. Pulp, paper, paper converting, and wood
products manufacturing plants are major employers.
In all, the sector currently employs nearly 900,000
people and is among the top 10 manufacturing em-
ployers in 47 of the 50 states.
Although employment in the sector declined
sharply in 2008 (8.1 percent) and 2009 (15.8 percent),
the rate of decline decreased substantially in 2011 (1.8
percent) and 2012 (0.6 percent). Preliminary data
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics suggest that for-
est products industry employment rose 2.3 percent in
2013. Much of this rebound occurred at wood prod-
ucts plants. At pulp, paper, and paperboard mills,
employment stood at about 108,000 people in 2012.
This compares to 132,000 in 2007, one year prior to
the start of the recession.
Labor Productivity
The forest products industry must operate in a highly
competitive world marketplace. Improving worker
productivity is an important part of the drive to re-
duce production costs. Output per man-hour at pulp,
paper, and paperboard mills increased 36 percent dur-
ing the ten-year period 2001 through 2011. The aver-
age annual increase for the period was 3.1 percent.
At wood products facilities during the same period,
labor productivity rose 23 percent, or at an average
rate of 2.1 percent per year. The productivity contri-
butions of our workers are critical to the U.S. indus-
try's ability to compete in the world marketplace.
Forest Products Industry Labor
Productivity Gains
1 50
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 20
90
60
00 '01 '02 '03 04- '05 '06 '07 '03 '09 "10 "II
Wood Products Manufacturing
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills
Compensation
The forest products industry provides skilled jobs
paying high wages. According to data compiled by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, total compensation for the sector
in 2012 was approximately $52 billion. These sectors
include pulp, paper, and paperboard mills, paper con-
verting, wood products mills, wood kitchen cabinets,
and logging.
Contribution to Gross Domestic
Product (GDP)
In 2012, the forest products industry contributed almost
4 percent of the U.S. manufacturing GDP, according to
Census Bureau data. Pulp, paper, and paperboard con-
tributed 2.6 percent and wood products, 1.2 percent.
Production
U.S. paper and paperboard production fell sharply
during the recession years, declining 4.9 percent in
-------
Forest Products Industry Contribution
to U.S. Manufacturing GDP (2012)
Cherr
:al products
Computer and electronic
products
Food and beverage and
tobacco products
Petroleum and coal products
Machinery
Fabricated metal products
Motor vehicles, bodies and
trailers, and parts
Other transportation equipment
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Forest Products
Plastics and rubber products
Primary metals
Electrical equipment,
appliances, and components
Nonmetallic mineral products
Printing and related
support activities
Furniture and related products
Textile mills and textile
product mills
Apparel and leather and
allied products
SuURCb: U.S. Department
of Commerce
Value-Added Contribution to GDP
(Billions of U.S. Dollars)
Paper Industry Production
SOURCE: AF&PA Statistics
c 105
w 95
The U.S. recorded a small trade surplus with respect
to paper and paperboard in 2009, which continued to
grow to reach 3.2 million tons in 2012.
Capital Expenditures
Forest products industry capital expenditures fell
from $11.2 billion in 2006 to $6.0 billion in 2009 be-
fore beginning to rebound. They reached $7.4 billion
in 2010 and increased further to $8.4 billion in 2011,
the latest year for which data are available. The 2011
level of expenditures was on par with average forest
products industry capital spending of $8.5 billion a
year for the period 2002 through 2011. In 2011, pa-
per and paperboard mills spent $6.6 billion on plant
and equipment, while wood products facilities spent
$1.8 billion.
Forest Products Industry Capital
Expenditures
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau
of the Census
'02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10
Total Forest Products ™ Pulp and Paper
Wood Products
'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12
2008 and 10.6 percent in 2009. Though declines have
continued, they have been much smaller in recent
years. Production was off 1.1 percent in 2012 and,
according to preliminary data, 0.8 percent in 2013.
U.S. Trade Competitiveness
The U.S. has traditionally run a trade deficit with re-
spect to paper and paperboard. That deficit reached
8.5 million tons in 2004 and then began to contract.
AF&PA Member Case Study
Employees at Clearwater Paper Corporation's Shelby, North Carolina,
mill partnered with Communities in Schools to provide backpacks for
hundreds of school children in need.
The Social Indicators
Paper Industry Trade Balance Improvement
dOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census
Individual Member Policies
Members adhere to AF&PA EHS policies in a vari-
ety of ways. These can include formal written inter-
nal policies, agreements with employees and other
stakeholders, incorporation of principles in meetings
and training programs, etc. Safety and health poli-
cies were reported by 75.4 percent of members; en-
vironmental policies by 73.7 percent. In addition to
EHS policies, members also have policies for report-
ing EHS incidents to senior management, highlight-
ing the need for environmental capital projects, use as
19
-------
Members Reporting Internal Policies
Environmental Policy
Safety & Health Policy
Environmental, Health and
Safety Incident Reports
Environmental Capita
Project Policies
Environmental Modified
Projects
Other Corporate Policies
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Percent of Members
guidance regarding environmentally-oriented product
design, and other proclamations (social responsibility
policies, stewardship measures, sustainability policy
statements, etc.) during 2012.
Internal Reporting
Members establish internal reporting systems to in-
form senior management, middle management, and
line employees of the company's sustainability per-
formance and trends. Details regarding these sys-
tems vary member to member but are guided by the
AF&PA EHS Principles. Environmental issues report-
ing systems were recorded by 70.2 percent of mem-
bers in the 2012 survey. Health and safety reporting
systems were recorded by 68.4 percent, while the
same number of members also reported having audit
systems in place for both health and safety and envi-
ronmental programs.
Members Internal Reporting Systems
Environmental
Issues Reporting
Health & Safety
Issues Reporting
Maintain Environmental
Audit System
Maintain Health and Safety
Audit System
20 30 40 50 60
Percent of Members
tal performance practices that they encounter on the
job. In response to the 2012 survey, AF&PA members
reported that 73.7 percent utilized environmental
training programs, 75.4 percent utilized safety train-
ing programs, 56.1 percent sponsored EHS employee
performance recognition programs, and 64.9 percent
provided employee feedback mechanisms regarding
environmental and safety matters.
Employee Sustainability Program Measures
Feedback on
Environmental and
EHS Matters
EHS Performance
Recognition Program
Safety Training
Programs
Environmental Training
Programs
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Percent of Members
Public Reporting
AF&PA members strive to keep stakeholders in-
formed of their sustainability activities through pub-
lic engagement initiatives. Such initiatives include
published reports, Internet postings, town hall meet-
ings, plant tours and other means. Many members use
a mix of methods. In 2012, 32 percent of members
published EHS or sustainability reports. Nearly half
(47.4 percent) made information regarding sustain-
ability performance available on the Internet. Town
meetings were held by 17.5 percent, while 43.9 per-
cent conducted plant tours and 24.6 percent used oth-
er means for public reporting such as newsletters and
newspaper articles, responses to direct stakeholder
inquiries, cooperation with trade organizations, and
presentations to local civic organizations.
Members Public Engagement Reporting
Publish EHS c
Sustainability Report I
Place Information
on Internet
Employee Programs
Company programs include several measures that aid
and encourage employees to follow sustainable prac-
tices. These include environmental and safety train-
ing programs, employee recognition programs, and
confidential feedback arrangements employees can
use to report any problematic safety or environmen-
Concluct Town Meetings
Conduct Tou
Other Methods
20
30
40
50
20
-------
Voluntary Efforts, Pollution Prevention,
and External Recognition
AF&PA members actively participate in voluntary
pollution reduction and pollution prevention initia-
tives. Examples include the U.S. EPA's Energy Star
program, U.S. EPA's Climate Leadership program
relating to greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and
others. In response to the 2012 EHS member survey,
AF&PA members reported on participation in vol-
untary environmental and health-related programs
and on initiatives taken in the area of pollution pre-
vention. Members also received recognition for their
environmental and sustainability accomplishments
from outside organizations and officials. Examples of
these awards and recognition include:
¦ Energy excellence awards from public utilities;
¦ Safety awards from state departments of labor of-
ficials and/or governors;
¦ Awards and recognition from universities;
¦ Awards and recognition from customers and/or
supply chain organizations; and
¦ Environmental sustainability awards from
AF&PA and other associations.
Voluntary Efforts, Pollution Prevention,
and External Recognition
Participated in Voluntary
Environ mental/Health
Initiatives
Took Pollution
Prevention Actions
Reported Receipt of
Awards or Recognition
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Percent of Members
Worker Safety Performance
AF&PA member OSHA incidence rates reported via
the EHS Principles Verification Program 2012 Survey
show that the number of injury or illness cases per
100 equivalent full-time employees at pulp and paper
mills decreased 4.3 percent between 2010 and 2012.
However, incidence rates at wood products facilities
increased.
The OSHA VPP status is awarded to industrial
facilities that voluntarily work to maintain job ill-
ness and injury rates below national Bureau of La-
bor Statistics averages. As of February 2014, AF&PA
members had 4 forestry and logging operations, 85
wood products manufacturing plants, and 93 pulp
and paper manufacturing facilities awarded VPP sta-
tus. These numbers compare with 80 wood products
plants and 71 pulp and paper facilities recorded in
February of 2012. The number of forestry and log-
Member VPP Enrolled Facilities
| 2012
^¦2014
SOURCE: U.S. Dept.
of Labor
100
tn
80
o
o
fU
60
LL
O
a>
-Q
40
E
z
20
0
Paper
Manufacturing
Wood Products
Manufacturing
Forestry and
Logging
ging operations recorded as obtaining VPP status was
5 in 2012.
Public Policy and Community Outreach
It is important for AF&PA member companies to be
engaged in the development of public policy and in
community outreach. In this way, policymakers have
an opportunity to hear directly from regulated enti-
ties regarding how proposed policies or regulations
will affect the industry. Through collaborative pro-
cesses they get a better understanding of measures
likely to produce the best and most cost-effective
results. Community members gain the opportunity
to become better informed about local facility opera-
tions. They can present their own points of view and
concerns, as well as have an opportunity to support
the company. Based on the 2012 member survey re-
sults, 63.2 percent of members reported conducting
public policy and community outreach activities.
The Environmental Indicators
AF&PA members have tracked and worked to reduce
releases to the environment for decades. This practice
has provided an important database from which our
substantial progress towards sustainability can be re-
ported.
Energy Production
Renewable biomass fuels at member mills provided
65.9 percent of energy produced at pulp and paper
mills and 70.6 percent of energy produced by wood
products facilities. These carbon neutral materials
include bark, sawdust, wood shavings, and other
woody material collectively known as "hogged fuel,"
as well as spent pulping liquors.
Use of purchased energy (fuels used to produce
electricity and steam on-site, as well as steam and
electricity purchased directly) at pulp and paper mills
has decreased by 44.7 percent since 1972, 25.4 per-
cent since 1990, and 14.6 percent since 2000.
21
-------
Combined heat and power (CHP) production is an
important part of energy generation at forest prod-
ucts manufacturing plants. CHP energy is produced
in the forest products industry by utilizing the heat
contained in electricity generation turbine exhaust
steam in production processes, equipment, and build-
ings before the condensed steam is returned to boilers
for reuse. This process raises the energy production
efficiency from 33 percent for non-CHP generation
processes to between 50 and 80 percent. In 2012,
96.4 percent of the electricity the industry generated
was through CHP, which enabled many members to
efficiently generate significant portions of their elec-
tricity. Fifty-nine percent of the electricity used by
our members was self-generated (the remainder was
purchased). Indeed, 42 percent of our members' mills
self-generated more than half of their power, and 23
percent sold excess power back to the grid — much of
it renewable as well.
Sustainability Award Winner
Throughout a two-year period, Expera Specialty Solutions (formerly
Thilmany Papers) completed more than 35 energy-efficiency projects,
and its Kaukauna, Wisconsin mill joined the U.S. Department of Energy's
(DOE) "Better Buildings Better Plants" program, resulting in a 19 percent
reduction in purchased energy intensity. AF&PA awarded them a 2012
Leadership in Sustainability Energy Efficiency/Greenhouse Gas Reduc-
tion Award fortheiraccomplishments.
2012 CHP Electricity Generation
by Industry
Forest Products Industry
Chemical Industry
All Other Industry
SOURCE: U.S. Department
of Energy
The forest products industry is the second largest
producer of CHP electricity in the manufacturing sec-
tor; only the chemical industry produces more.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Forest products industry greenhouse gas emissions
have been significantly reduced. At pulp and paper
mills, the emission rate expressed in tons of CO,
equivalents per ton of production has been reduced by
55.8 percent since 1972, 23.1 percent since 2000, and
3.9 percent compared to 2010. The absolute emis-
Pulp and Paper Mill Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Reductions
2012 Pulp and Paper Mill Energy Sources
Spent Liquor Solids
Hogged Fuel & Bark
Coal
Natural Gas
Purchased Electricity
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Fossil Fuel
Purchased Steam
Other Renewables
Renewable Fuels
Fossil Fuels
10 20 30 40
Percent of Total
50
=> 1.5
'72 '80 '90 '00 '04 '08 '10 '12
Pulp and Paper Mill Purchased Energy Use
c 25
¦o 20
O 15
c 5
Member Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(Total Direct and Indirect)
72 '30 '90 '00 '06 '03
0.6 I?
02 '04 '05 '06 '08 '10 '12
22
-------
Sustainability Award Winner
Georgia-Pacific's Brunswick Cellulose, Inc. subsidiary received the 2013
Leadership in Sustainability Water Award for its "Water Use Reduction"
project at the Brunswick, Georgia, mill. The mill installed a single-line
bleach plant to replace three older pulp bleaching processes, resulting
in a reduction in overall groundwater use of nearly 10 million gallons per
day, or 30 percent of the mill's total daily use.
sions from pulp and paper mills and wood products
facilities combined, expressed in tons of CO, equiva-
lents, have decreased by 38.6 percent since 2000. The
emissions intensity rate for pulp and paper mills and
wood products facilities combined, expressed in tons
of CO, equivalents per ton of product, decreased by
22.5 percent since 2000. Between 2010 and 2012,
this rate was reduced by 4.4 percent.
Water Discharges
AF&PA member pulp and paper mills utilize sizeable
quantities of water in the manufacture of their prod-
ucts. Mills actively seek to employ water conservation
and water use reduction practices. Water withdrawn
by the mills is recycled and reused up to ten times be-
fore being discharged to biological systems for treat-
ment and release back into the environment. Con-
sumptive water use by member mills is low. About
Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Discharges
25
c
o
¦§ 20
TD
O
£ 15
o
° 10
i_
<1)
Q_
J2 5
c
=>
IJ 75 '35 '95 '00 '02 '06 '03 "10 "12
¦ Volume - M gal./ton ¦ TSS - Ibs./ton
BOD - Ibs./ton
88 percent of water withdrawn for use in the mills is
returned after treatment. Since 1975, mills have re-
duced the quantity of water discharged by 54.5 per-
cent. Since year 2000, water use as measured at the
point of release has decreased 14.5 percent. Water use
in 2012 was essentially the same as in 2010 — 10,600
gallons per ton of production. Of greater significance
is the progress made in effluent quality. Since 1975,
the quantity of total suspended solids (TSS) released
to receiving waters by mill treatment systems has de-
creased by 82 percent. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD), a measure of the amount of organic material
in the effluent that results in lowered oxygen content
of receiving streams, has been reduced by 89.3 percent.
BOD reduction since year 2000 is 22.7 percent. Com-
pared to 2010, TSS releases were reduced by 11.5 per-
cent, and BOD releases were reduced by 12.9 percent.
Air Emissions
AF&PA member mills have also substantially reduced
air emissions. Releases of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
oxides, and total reduced sulfur compounds at pulp
and paper mills have been reduced through process
modifications and energy conservation measures.
Wood products facilities have reduced nitrogen oxide
releases compared to those of the late 1990s. Between
1975 and 2012, paper mill sulfur dioxide emissions
have been reduced by 81.6 percent. Since 2000, sulfur
dioxide emissions were 46 percent lower. For 2012,
sulfur dioxide emissions were 6.4 percent lower than
2010, due to changes in our fuel mix and continual
environmental improvement. Nitrogen oxide emis-
sions since 1975 were down 48.9 percent in 2012.
Since year 2000, nitrogen oxide emissions have been
reduced 26.4 percent. The 2012 emissions of these ni-
trogen compounds were 3.7 percent lower than 2010.
Total reduced sulfur (TRS) compound emissions have
been reduced 84.5 percent since 1975 and 44.3 percent
since 2000. However, compared to 2010, in 2012 these
low level TRS emissions increased by 13.9 percent —
from 0.245 pounds per ton to 0.279 pounds per ton.
Pulp and Paper Mill Air Emissions
30
25
20
10
2.0
75 '35 '95 '00 '02
¦ Sulfur Dioxide (S02) |
13
0.5
0.0
'06 '03 "10 "12
¦ Nitrogen Oxides (N0X]
33
ts>
Chemical Releases
AF&PA members track and report on chemical releas-
es. Compounds of interest include substances listed
by U.S. EPA for reporting through the Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI) program and compounds specifically
related to operations at pulp and paper mills and wood
products facilities. These specific compounds include
chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloroform, and methanol
13 The chemical release
data in this section are
from the EPA TRI database,
except for the pulp mill
AOX data, which are from
the AF&PA EHS Survey.
The data are from AF&PA
members only. One factor
that makes comparison of
these data difficult is that
AF&PA membership has
changed between these
benchmarking years. The
membership has not con-
sisted of exactly the same
set of mills for each of the
comparison years.
23
-------
Wood Products Facility N0X Emissions
Pulp and Paper TRI Releases
250
200
1 50
8 100
50
01 '03 '05 '07 "10 "12
3.0
2.5
2.0
0.5
0.0
'99 '00 '02 04- '06 '03 "10 "12
at pulp and paper mills; methanol and formaldehyde
at wood products facilities. Since 1999, pulp and pa-
per mill total TRI releases have been reduced by 28.1
percent. Between 2010 and 2012, total TRI releases
increased 16 percent. On a pound per ton of product
basis, the reduction between 1999 and 2012 has been
16.6 percent. Between 2010 and 2012, pound per ton
release rates increased by 7.5 percent.
At wood products facilities, TRI total releases
have been decreased by 92.2 percent between 1999
and 2012. Between 2010 and 2012, TRI compound
total releases decreased 63.2 percent. On a pounds
per 1000 cubic feet of product basis, the reductions
achieved were 78.6 percent between 1999 and 2012
and 30.4 percent between 2010 and 2012.
Pulp and paper mill releases of chlorine, chlorine
dioxide, and chloroform are tracked by looking at to-
tal industry release rates as reported by U.S. EPA's TRI
Explorer database. Releases of these chlorine com-
pounds have been substantially reduced since 2000.
During this period, releases of chlorine have been re-
duced by 82.6 percent, chlorine dioxide by 32.3 per-
cent, and chloroform by 96.6 percent. Between 2010
and 2012, chlorine releases remained the same at 0.12
million pounds, chlorine dioxide releases increased
from 0.40 million pounds to 0.49 million pounds, and
chloroform releases decreased 39.3 percent from 0.17
million pounds to 0.10 million pounds.
Methanol releases at member pulp and paper mills
have been reduced by 33.4 percent between 1999 and
2012. Between 2010 and 2012, methanol releases in-
creased 11.2 percent.
At AF&PA member wood products facilities,
methanol releases between 1999 and 2012 decreased
by 90.3 percent. Between 2010 and 2012, they de-
creased by 33.3 percent. Formaldehyde releases de-
creased by 95.8 percent at wood products facilities
between 1999 and 2012. Between 2010 and 2012,
formaldehyde releases decreased 50.0 percent, in part
because the California Air Resources Board stan-
dards, which generally are being met nationally, be-
came effective.
Wood Products TRI Releases
o 5
77 '01 '03 '05 '07 "10
Pulp and Paper Mill Methanol Releases
so
'99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '10 '12
Pulp and Paper Mill Chlorine Compound
Releases
3.5
o
£ 3.0
O
£ 2.5
~2 2.0
O
^ 1.5
-Q
c 1.0
o
= 0.5
2
0.0
'00 '02
I Chlorine
'06 '08
Chlorine Dioxide
'10 '12
Chloroform
24
-------
Wood Products Facility Methanol and
Formaldehyde Releases
'03 '05 '07
I Formaldehyde
J4 U6
Paper Mill Effluent AOX Discharges
a. 0.40
d! 0.35
0.30
0.25
c 0.20
£ 0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) are chlorinat-
ed organic compounds that can, under certain con-
ditions, be formed during pulp bleaching. Through
process changes, member companies have virtually
eliminated AOX releases from pulp mill effluents.
Since 1975, AOX releases have been reduced by 95.8
percent and by 57.4 percent since year 2000. Releases
recorded in 2012 matched those in 2010, 0.17 kilo-
grams per ton of unbleached pulp.
Beneficial Use of Manufacturing
Residuals
Member pulp and paper mills strive to utilize as
much raw material brought to the mills as possible.
Any materials not utilized for primary products, by-
products, or as primary energy sources are known
as manufacturing residuals. These include soil con-
taminated wood yard wastes, wastewater treatment
plant residuals, boiler ash, etc. These materials are
beneficially used by spreading on land as soil condi-
tioners and amendments, burned for energy recovery
with other biomass fuels, or utilized in other ways.
Materials that cannot be beneficially used are placed
in landfills or surface impoundments. In 2012, 52.6
percent of generated residuals were disposed in land-
fills, 14.7 percent land spread, 7.8 percent burned for
energy recovery, and 24.9 percent utilized in other
ways. In 2012, the portion of residuals disposed in
Pulp and Paper Mill Residuals Management
Apply To Land
Energy Recovery
I Landfill/Surface
Impoundments
I Other Beneficial
Uses
landfills decreased, and beneficial use of these materi-
als increased. In 2010, the residuals portion discarded
was 58 percent.
Research, Development and
Innovation
AF&PA members utilize many technical resources as
they seek continued improvements in process efficien-
cy, product quality, and sustainability. In responses to
the 2012 EHS Principles Verification Program Corpo-
rate survey, AF&PA members reported using a variety
of research and development (R&D) and technical in-
novation resources. These included internal company
R&D groups, R&D sponsored at external academic
or contract research organizations, and industry-
sponsored research organizations or initiatives.
Notable organizations or programs supported by
AF&PA members include:
¦ National Council for Air and Stream Improve-
ment (NCASI) — The forest products industry has
pioneered environmental improvement measures
since 1943 when the National Council for Air and
Stream Improvement (NCASI), a non-profit re-
search institute focused on environmental topics
relevant to forest management and the manufac-
ture of forest products, was founded.
¦ Institute of Paper Science and Technology
(IPST) — The Institute of Paper Science and Tech-
nology (IPST) was created in 1929 to provide sci-
ence, technology, and education in support of the
forest products industry. Today, IPST is an indus-
trial research and development center integrated
within the vast resources of the Georgia Institute
of Technology. IPST is focused on providing solu-
tions to strategic, economic, scientific, and techni-
cal challenges facing the forest products industry.
¦ Center for Paper Business and Industry Stud-
ies (CPBIS) — Established in 2000 as part of the
Alfred P. Sloan Industry Studies Program and now
affiliated with the Industry Studies Association,
25
-------
the Center for Paper Business and Industry Studies
(CPBIS) at the Georgia Institute of Technology is
one of 23 Industry Studies Program Centers. The
CPBIS mission is to create and disseminate know-
ledge to further the understanding of business,
management, organizational and social issues of
importance to the paper industry.
¦ Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance — Agenda
2020 is a non-profit organization established for
scientific and educational purposes. Agenda 2020
works to transform the forest products industry
through innovation in its manufacturing processes
and products. Guided by the 2010 Forest Prod-
ucts Industry Technology Roadmap that presents
important R&D needs, Agenda 2020's work ad-
dresses the priority R&D needs as determined by
member companies. Teams of representatives from
member companies, universities, and government
work together to form an integrated technology
strategy. Agenda 2020 members envision a forest
products industry that is fully sustainable, has prof-
itable long-term growth, and continues to reduce its
environmental footprint and requirements for en-
ergy and water — an industry that is transformed
through the use of breakthrough technologies.
26
-------
Appendix Two:
AF&PASustainability-Related Requirements for Members
AF&PA Sustainable
Procurement Principles
1. Take part in the Sustainable Forestry Initiative®
program as a program participant; or
2. Adhere to the following principles:
i. Support programs that supply regionally appro-
priate information orservices to forest landown-
ers, describing the importance of and providing
implementation guidance on best management
practices (BMPs); reforestation; afforestation;
visual quality management; management of
harvest residue; control of invasive exotic plants
and animals; characteristics of specialsites; and
conservation of critical wildlife habitat elements
and threatened and endangered species, and
Forests with Exceptional Conservation Value.
ii. Encourage landowners to utilize the services of
qualified resource professionals and qualified
logging professionals in applying principles of
sustainable forest management.
iii. Maintain a program for the purchase of raw ma-
terial from wood producers that have completed
training programs and are recognized as quali-
fied logging professionals.
iv. Maintain a program to address adverse weather
conditions.
v. Monitor and evaluate the use of BMPs across the
wood and fiber supply area.
vi. Monitor the use of BMPs by wood producers sup-
plying the company's facilities and use the infor-
mation to maintain rates of conformance to best
management practices and to identify areas for
improved performance.
vii. If the company procures wood fiber outside
North America, maintain programs to:
¦ Promote conservation of biodiversity hotspots
and major tropical wilderness areas.
¦ Ensure fiber sourcing programs support the
principles of sustainable forestry, including
efforts to thwart illegal logging.
¦ Assess the risk that fiber-sourcing programs
could acquire material from illegal logging.
¦ Assess the risk that fiber-sourcing programs
could take place in countries without effec-
tive laws addressing worker safety, fair labor
practices, indigenous people's rights, anti-
discrimination, anti-harassment, prevailing
wages, and worker's right to organize.
viii.Individually and/or through cooperative efforts
provide support or funding for forest research
to improve forest health, productivity, and sus-
tainable management of forest resources, and
the environmental benefits and performance of
forest products.
ix. Provide funding and other support for training
and education programs to foster improvement
in the professionalism of wood producers, in-
cluding awareness and implementation of sus-
tainable forest management practices.
x. Comply with applicable federal, provincial, state,
and local forestry and related environmental and
social laws and regulations.
3. Participate in one of the qualifying sustainable
forest management programs, including chain-of-
custody certification.
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AF&PA Environmental, Health
& Safety (EHS) Principles
The EHS Principles require members:
B To make environmental, health and safety consid-
erations priorities in operating existing facilities,
as well as in the planning of new operations.
H To recognize, in developing and designing prod-
ucts to meet customer needs, the environmental,
health and safety effects of product manufacture,
distribution, use, and disposal.
¦ To monitor their environmental, health and safety
performance and to report regularly on these mat-
ters to their Boards of Directors, as well as to con-
firm their adherence to these principles annually
to the American Forest & Paper Association.
IS To train employees in their environmental, health
and safety responsibilities and to promote aware-
ness and accountability on these matters.
HI To improve environmental, health and safety per-
formance through support of research and devel-
opment that advances the frontiers of knowledge.
11 To communicate with employees, customers, sup-
pliers, the community, public officials, and share-
holders to build greater understanding on envi-
ronmental, health and safety matters.
¦ To participate constructively in the development
of public policies on environmental, health and
safety matters.
¦ To continue to pursue energy conservation, in-
creased energy efficiency, greater utilization of
alternatives to fossil fuels, and opportunities for
cogeneration of electricity.
28
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AF&PA Sustainability
Leadership Highlights
1990
Set first paper recovery goal — 40 percent by 1998
1994
Achieved 40 percent recovery goal
1995
Launched mandatory AF&PA EHS Principles
1996
Set higher recovery goal — 50 percent by 2004
1998
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI®) certification
and licensing programs
1999
SFI® Program receives national sustainability award
from Renew America and President's Council for
Sustainable Development
2000
Published first Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS)
Report
2002
Partnered with U.S. State Department to eliminate
global illegal logging
2003
Achieved 50 percent goal and set new goal to recover
55 percent by 2012
2005
Launched AF&PA Recycling Awards program
2006
AF&PA member companies reach GHG intensity re-
duction goal 6 years ahead of schedule
2007
Achieved paper recovery goal early by achieving 56
percent
2008
Set goal to recover 60 percent by 2012
2009
Exceeded 60 percent paper recovery goal ahead of
schedule
2011
Launched Better Practices, Better Planet 2020 sus-
tainability program
Set goal to exceed 70 percent recovery by 2020
2012
Released first sustainability goals progress report
2013
Fifth consecutive year of recovering more than 60
percent of paper in the U.S.
29
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Internet Addresses for Forest Products
Organizations
American Forest & Paper Association
www.afandpa.org
National Council for Air and Stream
Improvement
www.ncasi.org
Technical Association of the Pulp
and Paper Industry
www.tappi.org
Institute of Paper Science and Technology
www.ipst.gatech.edu
Center for Paper Business and Industry
Studies
www.cpbis.gatech.edu
Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance
www.agenda 2020.org
Society of Wood Science & Technology
www.swst.org
American
Forest & Paper
. Association
1101 K Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005
www.afandpa.org
o 10% total recycled fiber
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