User’s Guide for Estimating Emissions and Sinks from Land Use Land-use Change and Forestry Using the State Inventory Tool January 2017


User's Guide for Estimating
Emissions and Sinks from Land
Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Using the State
Inventory Tool
January 2017
Prepared by:
ICF
Prepared for:
State Climate and Energy Program,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
This section of the User's Guide provides instruction on using the Land Use, Land-Use
Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) module of the State Inventory Tool (SIT), and describes the
methodology used for estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sinks from land use,
land-use change, and forestry at the state level.

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Table of Contents
1.1	Getting Started	2
1.2	Module Overview	4
1.2.1	Data Requirements	4
1.2.2	Tool Layout	5
1.3	Methodology	6
1.4	Uncertainty	23
1.5	References	23
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module	1.1

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
1.1 Getting Started
The Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (hereafter, LULUCF) module was developed
using Microsoft® Excel 2000. While the module will operate with older versions of Excel, it
functions best with Excel 2000 or later. If you are using Excel 2007, instructions for
opening the module will vary as outlined in the Excel basics below. Some of the Excel basics
are outlined in the sections below. Before you use the LULUCF module, make sure your
computer meets the system requirements. In order to install and run the LULUCF module,
you must have:
• IBM-PC compatible computer with the Windows 95 operating system or later;
• Microsoft® Excel 1997 or later, with calculation set to automatic and macros
enabled;
• Hard drive with at least 20MB free; and
• Monitor display setting of 800 x 600 or greater.
Microsoft Excel Settings
Excel 2003 and Earlier: For the SIT modules to function properly, Excel must be set to
automatic calculation. To check this setting, launch Microsoft Excel before opening the
LULUCF module. Go to the Tools menu and select "Options..." Click on the "Calculations"
tab and make sure that the radio button next to "Automatic" is selected, and then click on
"OK" to close the window. The security settings (discussed next) can also be adjusted at
this time.
Excel 2007: For the SIT modules to function properly, Excel must be set to automatic
calculation. Go to the Formulas ribbon and select "Calculation Options." Make sure that the
box next to the "Automatic" option is checked from the pop-up menu.
Microsoft Excel Security
Excel 2003 and Earlier: Since the SIT employs macros, you must have Excel security set
to medium (recommended) or low (not recommended). To change this setting, launch
Microsoft Excel before opening the LULUCF module. Once in Excel, go to the Tools menu,
click on the Macro sub-menu, and then select "Security" (see Figure 1). The Security pop-
up box will appear. Click on the "Security Level" tab and select medium. When set to high,
macros are automatically disabled; when set to medium, Excel will give you the choice to
enable macros; when set to low, macros are always enabled.
When Excel security is set to medium, users are asked upon opening the module whether to
enable macros. Macros must be enabled in order for the LULUCF module to work. Once
they are enabled, the module will open to the control worksheet. A message box will
appear welcoming the user to the module. Clicking on the "x" in the upper-right-hand
corner of the message box will close it.
Excel 2007: If Excel's security settings are set at the default level a Security Warning
appears above the formula box in Excel when the LULUCF module is initially opened. The
Security Warning lets the user know that some active content from the spreadsheet has
been disabled, meaning that Excel has prevented the macros in the spreadsheet from
functioning. Since SIT needs macros in order to function properly, the user must click the
"Options" button in the security message and then select, "Enable this content" in the pop-
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.2

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
up box. Enabling the macro content for the SIT in this way only enables macros temporarily
in Excel but does not change the macro security settings. Once macros are enabled, a
message box will appear welcoming the user to module. Click on the "x" in the upper right-
hand corner to close the message box.
If the Security Warning does not appear when the module is first opened, it may be
necessary to change the security settings for macros. To change the setting, first exit out
of the LULUCF module and re-launch Microsoft Excel before opening the LULUCF module.
Next, click on the Microsoft Excel icon in the top left of the screen. Scroll to the bottom of
the menu and select the "Excel Options" button to the right of the main menu. When the
Excel Options box appears, select "Trust Center" in left hand menu of the box. Next, click
the gray "Trust Center Settings" button. When the Trust Center options box appears, click
"Macro Settings" in the left hand menu and select "Disable all macros with notification."
Once the security level has been adjusted, open the Stationary Combustion module and
enable macros in the manner described in the preceding paragraph.
Viewing and Printing Data and Results
The LULUCF module contains some features to allow users to adjust the screen view and the
appearance of the worksheets when they are printed. Once a module has been opened, you
can adjust the zoom by going to the Module Options Menu, and either typing in a zoom
percentage or selecting one from the drop down menu. In addition, data may not all appear
on a single screen within each worksheet; if not, you may need to scroll up or down to view
additional information.
You may also adjust the print margins of the worksheets to ensure that desired portions of
the LULUCF module are printed. To do so, go to the File menu, and then select "Print
Preview." Click on "Page Break Preview" and drag the blue lines to the desired positions
(see Figure 2). To print this view, go to the File menu, and click "Print." To return to the
normal view, go to the File menu, click "Print Preview," and then click "Normal View."
Figure 1. Changing Security Settings Figure 2. Adjusting Print Margi
ins
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State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.3

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
December 2014
1.2 Module Overview
This User's Guide accompanies and explains the LULUCF module of the SIT. The SIT was
developed in conjunction with EPA's Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP).
Prior to the development of the SIT, EPA developed the States Workbook for estimating
greenhouse gas emissions. In 1998, EPA revisited the States Workbook and expanded it to
follow the format of EIIP guidance documents for criteria air pollutants. The result was a
comprehensive, stepwise approach to estimating greenhouse gas emissions at the state
level. This detailed methodology was appreciated by states with the capacity to devote
considerable time and resources to the development of emission inventories. For other
states, the EIIP guidance was overwhelming and impractical for them to follow from scratch.
EPA recognized the resource constraints facing the states and developed the SIT. The ten
modules of the SIT corresponded to the EIIP chapters and attempted to automate the steps
states would need to take in developing their own emission estimates in a manner that was
consistent with prevailing national and state guidelines.
Since most state inventories developed today rely heavily on the tools, User's Guides have
been developed for each of the SIT modules. These User's Guides contain the most up-to-
date methodologies that are, for the most part, consistent with the Inventory of U.S.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. Volume VIII of the EIIP guidance is a historical
document that was last updated in August 2004, and while these documents can be a
valuable reference, they contain outdated emissions factors and in some cases outdated
methodologies. States can refer to Volume VIII of the EIIP guidance documents if they are
interested in obtaining additional information not found in the SIT or the companion User's
Guide.
When humans use and alter the biosphere through land-use change and forest management
activities, the balance between the emission and uptake of greenhouse gases (GHGs)
changes, affecting their atmospheric concentration; this balance between emission and
uptake is known as net GHG flux. Such activities can include clearing an area of forest to
create cropland, restocking a logged forest, draining a wetland, or allowing a pasture to
revert to grassland. Carbon in the form of yard trimmings and food scraps can also be
sequestered in landfills, as well as in trees in urban areas. In addition to carbon flux from
forest management, urban trees, and landfills, other sources of GHGs under the category of
land use, land-use change, and forestry are CO2 emissions from liming of agricultural soils,
emissions of methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from forest fires, and N2O emissions
from fertilization of settlement soils.
The LULUCF module calculates CO2, ChU, and N2O emissions from liming of soils, fertilization
of settlement soils, and forest fires, as well as carbon flux from forest management, urban
trees, and landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps. The module provides default data for
most inputs; however, if you have access to a more comprehensive or state-specific data
source, it should be used in place of the default data. If using outside data sources, or for a
more thorough understanding of the tool, please refer to the following discussion for data
requirements and methodology.
1.2.1 Data Requirements
To calculate GHG emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry, the data listed in
Table 1 are required inputs (again, note that defaults are available for most of these data).
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide
1.4

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Table 1 Required data inputs for the LULUCF module.
Forestry
Worksheets
Input Data Required
Forest Carbon Flux
Carbon emitted from or sequestered in aboveground biomass,
belowground biomass, dead wood, litter, soil organic carbon, wood
products and landfills (million metric tons)
Liming of Agricultural
Soils
Emission factors for CO2 emitted from use of crushed limestone
and dolomite (ton C/ton limestone)
Total limestone and dolomite applied to soils (metric tons)
Urea Fertilization
Emission factors for CO2 emitted from the use of urea as a
fertilizer (tons C/ ton urea)
Total urea applied to soils (metric tons)
Urban Trees
Carbon sequestration factor for urban trees (metric ton
C/hecta re/year)
Total urban area (square kilometers)
Urban area tree cover (percent)
N2O from Settlement
Soils
Direct N2O emission factor for managed soils (percent)
Total synthetic fertilizer applied to settlements (metric tons
nitrogen)
Non-C02 Emissions from
Forest Fires
Emission factors for ChU and N2O emitted from burning forest and
savanna (grams of gas/kilogram of dry matter combusted)
Combustion efficiency of different vegetation types (percent)
Average biomass density (kilograms dry matter per hectare)
Area burned (hectares)
Landfilled Yard
Trimmings and Food
Scraps
Grass, leaves, and branches constituting yard trimmings (percent)
Yard trimmings and foods scraps landfilled, 1960-present (tons)
Initial carbon content of yard trimmings and food scraps (percent)
Dry weight/wet weight ratio of yard trimmings and foods scraps
(percent)
Proportion of carbon stored permanently for yard trimmings and
foods scraps (percent)
Half-life of degradable carbon for yard trimmings and foods scraps
(years)
1.2.2 Tool Layout
Since there are multiple steps to complete within the LULUCF module, it is important to
have an understanding of the module's overall design. The layout of the LULUCF module
and the purpose of its worksheets are presented in Figure 3.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module	1.5

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 3. Flow of Information in the LULUCF Module*
Control Worksheet
1. Choose a State
2. Enter Forest Carbon Flux Data
3.-8.
Verify Variables for Each Sector on Control Sheet
Complete Sector Worksheets
9. View Summary Data
10. Export Data
Individual Sector Worksheets
2. Forest Carbon Flux
Enter data on annual change in carbon stocks of various forest pools.
3. Liming of Agricultural Soils
Enter data on amount of limestone and dolomite applied to soils.
4. Urea Fertilization
Enter data on amount of urea applied to soils.
5. Urban Trees
Enter data on total urban area and percent of urban area with tree cover.
5. N20 from Settlement Soils
Enter data on fertilizer applied to settlement soils.
7a. CH4 Emissions from Forest Fires
Enter data on area of forest and savanna burned, by forest type.
7b. N;0 Emissions from Forest Fires
Data pulled from Methane Emissions from Forest Fires worksheet
8. Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps
Enter data on yard trimmings and food scraps
Summary Data
J. Presented in both table and graphical formats in MMTC02E
Uncertainty
Review information on uncertainty associated with the default data
* These worksheets are the primary worksheets used in the LULUCF module; subsequent worksheets
are used to populate the default data and are provided for informational purposes only.
1.3 Methodology
This section provides a guide to using the LULUCF module of the SIT to estimate GHG
emissions and sequestration from land use, land-use change, and forestry. Within the
LULUCF module, there are six sections: forest carbon flux; liming of agricultural soils; urban
trees; N2O from settlement soils; non-CC>2 emissions from forest fires; and carbon storage
in landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps. Since the methodology varies considerably
among these sources/sinks, the details of each will be discussed in its respective step,
following this general methodology discussion.
The LULUCF module will automatically calculate emissions after you enter the factors on the
control worksheet and the required activity data on the individual sector worksheets. The
tool provides default sector data for most sectors. The exception is forest fires where you
will have to use an outside data source for area of forest burned per year (see Box 1 for
suggested data sources).
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.6

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Box 1: Forest Fire Data Sources
• Data are available from the National Interagency Coordination Center, which compiles fire
records from Situation and Incident Status Summary (ICS-209) Reports. These records
provide the number of acres burned by forest fire by state, and can be found in Table 12.4-2 of
the EIIP Guidance or online at http://www.nifc.gov/fire info/fire stats.htm
• To obtain the most accurate emission estimates, it is necessary to have information on the
type of forests that have burned, as different types of forests contain differing amounts of
combustible biomass. To further refine the analysis, information on specific burns and forest
types can be found in the U.S. Federal Wildland Fire Management's website:
http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/.
• To obtain accurate emissions for both wildfires and prescribed burning, users may directly
consult FOFEM, which is available for download at http://fire.ora. Additional instructions for
using the model are provided on the website.
• Land management agencies (e.g., the US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, State
Natural Resource Divisions) in each state maintain statistics on the areas and types of forests
within their jurisdiction that have burned.
There are eight general steps involved in estimating emissions using the LULUCF module:
(1) select a state; (2) select an option for carbon flux; (3) enter emission factors and
activity data for liming of agricultural soils; (4) enter emission factors and activity data for
urea fertilization; (5) enter emission factors and activity data for urban trees; (6) enter
emission factors and activity data for N2O from settlement soils; (7) enter emission factors
and activity data for non-C02 emissions from forest fires; (8) enter emission factors and
activity data for landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps; (9) review summary
information; and (10) export data. The general equations used to calculate GHG emissions
from land use, land-use change, and forestry are provided below.
Step (1) Select a State
To begin, select the state you are interested in evaluating. By selecting a state, the rest of
the tool will automatically reset to reflect the appropriate state default data and
assumptions for use in subsequent steps of the tool.
Step (2) Select an Option for Forest Carbon Flux
Control Worksheet
The control worksheet allows you to either select the default data provided or to enter user-
specified data to be used throughout the tool. To proceed with the default data, select the
first radio button under step 2 on the control worksheet. If you would like to use your own
state-specific data, select the second radio button under step 2 of the control worksheet.
See Figure 4 for an example of the radio buttons in step 2.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.7

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 4. Control Worksheet for the LULUCF Module
u State Inventory Tool - Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
: SJ File Edit Module Options
T
H
I
State Inventory Tool - Emissions and Sinks From Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
Choose a State
1. Choose o State
This is very important - it selects the correct default variables for your state.
2. Forest Carbon Flux
do not have any data on ft
fj, Uit, you r ow
3. - S Enter emission factors and proceed to the «
3. CO-, from Uminq of Agricultural Soils
Emission Factors
; ton limestone
Forest Carbon Flux
Radio Buttons
'esponding worksheet to enter activity data for the
Se ect A Defau ts
metric ton C/metri
metric ton C/metric ton dolomite
4 CO.' from Urea Fertilization
Emission Factors
metric ton C/metric ton urea
5. C Storage in Urban Trees
Carbon Sequestration Factor
metric ton C/hectare/year
6. N^O from Sct-Hcmcnt Soils
Emission Factor
Direct N,0 Emission Factor tor Managed Soils
7, Non-CO:' From Forest Fires
Default Values
0.059
0.064
Values Used
j Check/Uncheck All
Use the Default?
Go to Liming
Sheet.
>
(So to Urea
Sheet
>
Default Value Value Used
2.23 | 2.23 |
So to Urban
Trees Sheet
>
Default Value
Default Value
Required Data
Emission Foctors
Savanna, g CH
Individual Default
Data Check Boxes
As a result of biological processes (e.g., growth and mortality) and anthropogenic activities
(e.g., harvesting, thinning, and other removals), carbon is continuously cycled through
ecosystem components, as well as between the forest ecosystem and the atmosphere. For
example, the growth of trees results in the uptake of carbon from the atmosphere and
storage in living trees. As these trees age, they continue to accumulate carbon until they
reach maturity, at which point their carbon storage remains relatively constant. As trees die
or drop branches and leaves on the forest floor, decay processes will release carbon to the
atmosphere and also increase soil carbon. Some carbon from forests is also stored in wood
products, such as lumber and furniture; and also in landfills, because when wood products
are disposed of, they do not decay completely, and a portion of the carbon gets stored
indefinitely, as with landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps. The net change in forest
carbon is the change in the amount of carbon stored in each of these pools (i.e., in each
ecosystem component) over time. This section presents the methodology for calculating
forest carbon flux.
After completing the control worksheet for this sector, use the gray arrows to navigate to
the Carbon Flux worksheet.
Forest Carbon Flux Worksheet
If you are using the default data for carbon flux estimates, there is no further information to
enter. Figure 5 shows the default forest carbon worksheet.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.8

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 5. Example of Forest Carbon Flux Worksheet Using Default Data
E State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
EE®
File Edit Module Options
Type a question for help
JH
A B
2 Forest Carbon Flux in Colorado
Two methodologies are used to calculate carbon emissions/storage (flux) from forest carbon using USD A Forest Service estimates of each state's forest carbon stocks.
(1)	The first methodology applies to aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, dead wood, forest floor litter and soil organic carbon. USDA Forest Service estimates for each
state's forest carbon stocks are provided for 1990-2005. These estimates are outputs of the Carbon Calculation Tool (OCT) which produces state-level annualized estimates of
carbon stock and flux. The total carbon storage is presented in the first table below, and the second table calculates the annual changes in carbon storage. No defaults are available
for Alaska, Hawaii, or the District of Columbia.
(2)	The second methodology used applies to wood products and landfills (i.e. harvested wood products). Since the CCT does not produce estimates for the entire time series, default
carbon emissions/storage from forest carbon flux are calculated by using USDA Forest Service estimates of each state's harvested wood stocks in 1987,1992, and 1997. Changes
from 1987-1992 and from 1992-1997 are each divided by 5 (the number of intervening years) to rtptprminp thp awranp anm iai rhannn Thig Avpranp ami iai nhannp
each year, giving total annual change. For the years 1998-2005, the average annual change for 1992-1
Users may also enter their own data. This may be done by selecting the appropriate option in Step 2 or
Change and Forestry chapter of the User's Guide.
On default sheet, data are
already provided
<
Return ¦
Control St
Default data for Aboveground and Belowground eiomgjs, Dead Wood, Litter, and Soil Organic Carbon

1990
1991
1992
1993
*
1994
199S
199*
Total Carbon Storage
[million metric tons carbon)
1997 1998
1999
2000
2001
20
Aboveground Biomass
419.19
422.13
425.07
428.01
430.95
433.89
436.83
439.78
443.09
446.64
450.18
453.72
41
Belowground Biomass
84.46
85.23
85.99
86.75
87.51
88.27
89.03
89.79
90.63
91.51
92.39
93.27

Dead Wood
89.53
90.14
90.74
91.35
91.96
92.57
93.18
93.79
94.43
95.10
95.77
96.44

Litter
246.96
247.79
248.61
249.44
250.27
251.09
251.92
252.75
253.95
255.37
256.79
258.22
21
Soil Organic Carbon
274.43
275.65
276.87
278.08
279.30
280.52
281.73
282.95
284.61
286.54
288.46
290.39
2!
Total
1,114 57
1,120 92
1,127 28
1 133 63
1,139 99
1 146 34
1,152 70
1,159 05
1,1** 71 1
175 1*
1 183 *0
1,192 04
1 20







Changes in Carbon Storage











[mi Ilion metric tons carbon)





1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
199*
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
20
Aboveground Biomass
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
3.32
3.54
3.54
3.54

Belowground Biomass
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.84
0.88
0.88
0.88

Dead Wood
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.65
0.67
0.67
0.67

Litter
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
1.20
1.42
1.42
1.42

Soil Organic Carbon
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.66
1.92
1.92
1.92

T«*«l
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If you are using your own data on forest carbon flux, in the green cells enter carbon flux
data for aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, dead wood, litter, soil organic carbon,
and wood products and landfills. Figure 6 shows the worksheet where you will enter this
forest carbon flux data. The method used for calculating forest carbon flux is shown in
Equation i. The calculation is a sum of the fluxes for above- and belowground biomass,
dead wood, litter, soil organic carbon, and wood products in use and in landfills. Once this
sector worksheet is complete, use the gray navigational arrow to return to the control
worksheet and proceed to the next step.
Equation 1. Forest Carbon Flux Equation
Emissions or Sequestration (MMTCO2E) =
Sum of carbon fluxes from aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, dead wood,
litter, soil organic carbon, and wood products and landfills
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module	1.9

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 6. Example of User-Entered Data Forest Carbon Flux
Worksheet
E State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry |"^~|fi?~|[X |
¦ File Edit Module Options
Type a question for help
2 Forest Corbon Flux in Colorado
f Click here to find
possible data
Return to Control
Enter net sequestration as a negative value, net emissions as a positive value in million metric
dioxide equivalent. To use default data from USDA Forest Service, select the appropriate opti
the control worksheet.
Enter flux data in green
cells
Aboveground
Belovground
Vood products
rCOiE (million metric tons of c<
dioxide equivalent)
2002
Step (3) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Liming of Agricultural
Soils
Control Worksheet
The data entered in the control worksheet for this sector are emission factors for limestone
and dolomite used in liming of agricultural soils. These emission factors should be in metric
tons of carbon per metric ton of limestone (or dolomite). The default values are based on
West & McBride (2005); if emission factors other than module defaults are available for
limestone and dolomite, you should document their source carefully. If the user-specific
inputs do not match the default data in the control worksheet (i.e., the default value is
overwritten), the text will appear red.
Limestone (CaCCb) and dolomite (CaMg(CC>3)2) are added to soils by land managers to
remedy acidification. When these compounds come in contact with acidic soils, they
degrade, thereby generating CO2. This section presents the methodology for calculating the
CO2 emissions from the application of limestone and dolomite to agricultural soils.
After entering the appropriate emission factors, use the gray arrows to navigate to the
Liming of Agricultural Soils worksheet.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.10

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Liming of Agricultural Soils Worksheet
Within the Liming of Agricultural Soils worksheet, enter the total limestone and dolomite
applied to soil in the light blue cells, in thousands of metric tons. An example of this
worksheet is shown in Figure 7. Equation 2 shows the method used to calculate CO2
emissions from liming of agricultural soils.
Default data are provided for most states if you wish to use them; however states are
encouraged to use more detailed data if it is available and well documented. The default
data are from the United States Geological Survey (USGS 2015). Once this worksheet is
complete, use the gray navigational arrow to return to the control worksheet and proceed to
the next source category.
Equation 2. Liming Emissions Equation
Emissions (MMTCO2E) =
Total Limestone or Dolomite Applied to Soil (1000 metric tons) x Emission Factor (tons
C/ton limestone or dolomite) x 44/12 (ratio of CO2 to C) -r 1,000,000 (to yield
MMTCO2E)
Figure 7. Example of Data Applied in the Liming of Agricultural Soils Worksheet
E State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
;aj File Edit Module Options
Type a question for help ~ _ 1? x
3 Liming of Agricultural Soils in Colorado
Control Sheet
Emissions from Liming of Agricultural Soils are calculated by summing carbon emissions from the
application of both limestone and dolomite to soil. The masses of limestone and dolomite are multiplied
by their carbon emission factors, converted to million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent, and then
summed. For more information please consult the Land-Use Change and Forestry chapter of the
Click here to
find possible
data sources.
Check All
Required Consumption Data
['000 Metric Tons) [Ton CITon limestone)
Liming Emission
Factors (from Control)
Dolomite
Dolomite
W Default Activity Data?
Dolomite
W Default Activity Data?
Dolomite
W Default Activity Data?
Dolomite
Default Activity Data?
Dolomite
Default Activity Data?
Dolomite
W Default Activity Data?
Dolomite
W Default Activity Data?
Dolomite
Default Activity Data?
Dolomite
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.11

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Step (4) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Urea Fertilization
Control Worksheet
The data entered in the control worksheet for this sector is an emission factor for urea
application as a fertilizer to soils. The emission factor should be in metric tons of carbon per
metric ton of urea. The default emission factor is based on IPCC (2006); if emission factors
other than module defaults are available for urea fertilization, you should document their
source carefully. If the user-specific inputs do not match the default data in the control
worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will appear red.
Urea is used as a fertilizer that results in CO2 emissions that were fixed during the industrial
production process. According to U.S. EPA (2016), urea in the presence of water and
urease enzymes is converted into ammonium (NH4"1"), hydroxyl ion (OH ), and bicarbonate
(HCO3 ). The bicarbonate then evolves into CO2 and water. This section presents the
methodology for calculating the CO2 emissions from the application of urea to agricultural
soils.
After entering the appropriate emission factors, use the gray arrows to navigate to the Urea
Fertilization worksheet.
Urea Fertilization Worksheet
Within the Urea Fertilization worksheet, enter the total urea applied to soil in the orange
cells, in metric tons. An example of this worksheet is shown in Figure 8. Equation 3 shows
the method used to calculate CO2 emissions from the application of urea to agricultural
soils.
Default data are provided for most states if you wish to use them; however states are
encouraged to use more detailed data if it is available and well documented. The default
data on the amount of fertilizer applied were derived from state-level fertilizer sales data
provided in TVA (1991 through 1994) and AAPFCO (2013). Once this worksheet is
complete, use the gray navigational arrow to return to the control worksheet and proceed to
the next source category.
Equation 3. Urea Emissions Equation
Emissions (MMTCO2E) =
Total Urea Applied to Soil (metric tons) x Emission Factor (tons C/ton urea) x 44/12
(ratio of CO2 to C) -r 1,000,000 (to yield MMTCO2E)
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.12

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 8. Example of Data Applied in the Urea Fertilization Worksheet
Q State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
File Edit Module Options
Type a question for help
4 CQ2 from Urea Fertilization in Colorado
The use of urea as a fertilizer results in C0; emissions that were previously fixed during the industrial production
process. The amount of urea applied to soil is multiplied by the carbon emission factor, and then converted to million
metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent. For more information please consul the Land-Use Change and Forestry
possible data
Required Consumption Data
|,'Vine Ions) Hon CJIon urea) |MILU,L]
23,727
I* Default Activity I
Urea Emission Factors
(from Control)
20,736
27,114.9
I* Default Activity Data?
33,325.8
I? Default Activity Data?
3,253.9
22,186
I* Default Activity Data?
27,845.4
20,420
I* Default Activity Data?
I* Default Activity Data?
32,083.3
I? Default Activity Data?
35,555.3
26,074
I* Default Activity Data?
P Default Activity Data?
17,453
P Default Activity Data?
3,911.0
I* Default Activity Data?
26,535.3
22,654
I* Default Activity Data?
26,777
l* Default Activity Data?
44,749.6
32,816
F? Default Activity Data?
Step (5) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Urban Trees
Control Worksheet
On the control worksheet, enter a carbon sequestration factor for urban trees in the
appropriate yellow cell (metric tons of carbon per hectare per year). The default value
provided is from Nowak and Crane (2002); however, states are encouraged to use more
detailed data if it is available and well documented. If the user-specific inputs do not match
the default data in the control worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will
appear red.
Trees in urban areas represent approximately 2.8 percent of total United States tree canopy
cover (Nowak et al. 2001). Furthermore, because trees in urban areas grow in relatively
open surroundings, their growth and carbon sequestration are disproportionately large
relative to forests. This section presents the methodology for calculating carbon
sequestered by urban trees in your state.
After entering the appropriate sequestration factor, use the gray arrows to navigate to the
Urban Trees worksheet.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1,13

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Urban Trees Worksheet
Within the Urban Trees worksheet, enter data on the total urban area in your state (in
square kilometers), as well as the average percent of urban area covered by trees, in the
yellow cells. An example of this worksheet is shown in Figure 9. Equation 4 shows the
method used to calculate carbon sequestration in urban trees.
Default urban areas are taken from Nowak et al. (2005) and default percent urban tree
cover is from Dwyer et al. (2000). However, states are encouraged to use more detailed
data if it is available and well documented. Once this worksheet is complete, use the gray
navigational arrow to return to the control worksheet and proceed to the next step.
Equation 4. Urban Trees Equation
Sequestration (MMTCO2E) =
Total Urban Area (km2) x Urban Area with Tree Cover (%)
x 100 (ha/km2) x C Sequestration Factor (metric tons C/ha/yr) x 44/12 (ratio of CO2 to
C) -r 1,000,000 (to yield MMTCO2E)
Figure 9. Example of Carbon Sequestration Factor Applied in the Urban Trees
Worksheet
0 State Inventory Tool - Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
File Edit Module Options
.:u?s!iOm fur help « _
5. Urban Trees in Colorado
equivalent to tree growth minus biomass losses resulting from pruning and mortality Net carbon
Changes in carbon stocks in urban'
sequestration can be calculated using data on crown cover area or number oftrees Default data are given, or states may apply more state-specific
values where available through sampling, aerial photography, or from municipal agencies that maintain urban vegetation data.
Return to Control
Sheet
To estimate CO* sequestration by urban trees, the following steps are required: (1) obtain data on the area of urban tree cover; (2) calculate CO-flux; and
(3) convert units to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO;E). This tool uses default urban area data multiplied by a state estimate of the percent
of urban area with tree cover to estimate the total area of urban tree cover. This default data, from Dwyer et al. 2001, represents;
the U.S. Census and coverage for years 1990 and 2000. Estimates of urban area in the intervening years (1!
2006) are interpolated ajirt pxlrannlatprt rpsnptlivply
Required Data on Urban
Area and Tree Cover
Click here to
find possible
data sources.
(2001-
the User's Guide. Since the percent of urban area with
ites average is used.
For more information, pi
Carbon
Sequestration Factor
(from Control)
2,897.20
2.964.C
3,030.6
3,097.60
3,164.40
3,231.20
Step (6) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for N2O from Settlement
Soils
Control Worksheet
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.14

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Of the fertilizers applied to soils in the United States, approximately 10 percent are applied
to lawns, golf courses, and other landscaping occurring within settled areas. This section of
the LULUCF module estimates N2O emissions due to the application of fertilizers to
settlement soils. On the control sheet you must enter an emission factor that will be used
to calculate direct emissions due to fertilizer applications. The default value of 1 percent
comes from IPCC (2006). If the user-specific inputs do not match the default data in the
control worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will appear red.
After entering the appropriate emission factor, use the gray arrows to navigate to the Non-
CO2 from Settlement soils worksheet.
N2O from Settlement Soils Worksheet
To complete this worksheet enter the amount of synthetic fertilizer applied (in metric tons of
nitrogen) in the light blue cells (Figure 10). Emissions are calculated by multiplying the
fertilizer data by the emission factor for direct emissions of N2O (1.0 percent) to obtain the
amount of emissions in INhO-N/yr. This number is then converted from MT N2O-N to MT N2O
by multiplying by the ratio of N2O/N2O-N (44/28). This is then converted to MMTCO2E by
dividing by 1,000,000 and multiplying by the GWP of N2O. This calculation is shown in
Equation 5. Once this worksheet is complete, use the gray navigational arrow to return to
the control worksheet and proceed to emissions from forest fires.
Figure 10. Example of Fertilizer Data Applied in the Settlement Soils Worksheet
E State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
File Edit Module Options Type a question for help Ql_ & X
5 N20 from Settlement Soils in Colorodo
Settlement soils include all developed land, including transportation infrastructure and human settlements of any size, unless they are
already included under other categories.
.Control Sheet
Click here to
find possible
data sources.
N2O emissions from settlement soils are calculated by multiplying the total synthetic fertilizer applied to settlements by the emission factor
and the factor used to convert nitrogen to N2O emissions (44/28). The calculated direct N^O emissions are then multiplied by the global
warming potential of N2O and converted to million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent.
lation, please consult the User's Guide on estimating emissions from Land-Use Change and Forestry activities.
Required data on
applied fertilizer
Clear All bat.1
t ilizer bat a
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.15

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Equation 5. Emission Equation for Direct N2O Emissions from Settlement Soils
Emissions (MMTCO2E) =
Total Synthetic Fertilizer Applied to Settlement Soils (metric ton N) x
Emission Factor (percent) x 0.01 (metric tons N20-N/metric ton N) x
44/28 (Ratio of N2O to N2O-N) X 298 (GWP) -r 1,000,000
(MT/MMTCO2E)
Step (7) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Non-C02 from Forest
Fires
Control Worksheet
On the control worksheet, the following data must be entered in the appropriate yellow cells
for forest fires: (1) emission factors for N2O and ChU for forest and savanna (grams of gas
per kg dry matter combusted), (2) combustion efficiency by vegetation type (%), and (3)
average biomass density in the state (kg dry matter per hectare). Default emission factors
and combustion efficiencies are from IPCC (2006). Default biomass densities are adapted
from Smith et al. (2001) and U.S. EPA (2016). States are encouraged to use this more
detailed data if it is available and well documented. If the user-specific inputs do not match
the default data in the control worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will
appear red.
When a forest (or savanna) burns, the CO2 emissions are included in the overall flux of
forest carbon that is calculated in the forest carbon flux worksheet, discussed in step (6)
below. However, forest fires also cause emissions of N2O and ChU that are not accounted
for under forest carbon flux, since they are non-CC>2 emissions. This section presents the
methodology for calculating N2O and ChU emissions from forest fires.
After entering the appropriate emission factors for forest fires, use the gray arrows to
navigate to the Non-CC>2 from Forest Fires worksheet.
Non-C02 from Forest Fires Worksheets
Within the Forest Fires worksheet, enter the area (hectares) burned per year in the pink
cells. Since there is no default data available on area burned by state, you must rely on
outside sources for this information (see Box 1 for suggestions). Equation 6 shows the
method used to calculate N2O and ChU emissions from forest fires. An example of this
worksheet is shown in Figure 11. Once this sector worksheet is complete, use the gray
navigational arrow to return to the control worksheet and proceed to the next category.
Equation 6. Forest Fires Emissions Equation
Emissions (MMTCO2E) =
Area Burned (ha) x Average Biomass Density (kg dry matter/ha) x Combustion
Efficiency (%) x Emission Factor (g gas/kg dry matter burned) x GWP
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module	1.16

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 11. Example of Forest Fire Data Applied in the Forest Fire Worksheet
E State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
;aj File Edit Module Options	Type a question for help -r _ fii x
6a Methane Emissions from Forest Fires in Colorado
Biomass burned in forest fires emits C02l CHt and NjD, in addition to many other gases and pollutants. C02 emissions
are inherently captured under total carbon flux calculations, but CHt and NjD must be estimated separately. All
fires—wildfires and prescribed burns—emit these greenhouse gases.
Return to Control Sheet
Click here to
find possible
data sources.
Calculating the emissions of NJD and CHtfrom burned forests requires determining the amount of carbon released by
the fire (by multiplying the area burned, the fuel load, and the combustion efficiency) and then factoring in the emission
Go to Burning N,0
Sheet
Combustion
Efficiencies
(from Control)
Required data
on area burned
by forest fires
s may directly consult
ie model are provided on
Emission Factors
(from Control)
Forest Fires
1990
Average Biomass
(g'kg dr§ matter
Forest T|pe
Biomass Density
(from Control)
Forest Fires
Average Biomass
Forest Tjpe
<
>
Step (8) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Landfilled Yard
Trimmings and Food Scraps
Control Worksheet
When wastes of biogenic origin (such as yard trimming and food scraps) are landfilled and
do not completely decompose, the carbon that remains is effectively removed from the
global carbon cycle. This section of the LULUCF module estimates the carbon stored in
landfills by yard trimmings and food scraps.
Since the Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps sector involves complicated
calculations, the gray navigational arrow on the control worksheet takes you directly to the
Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps worksheet.
Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps Worksheet
The Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps sector worksheet calculates net carbon flux
by estimating the change in landfilled carbon stocks between years, based on
methodologies presented in IPCC (2003) and IPCC (2006). The LULUCF module uses
Equation 7 to calculate carbon sequestration associated with landfilled yard trimmings and
food scraps. Carbon stock estimates were calculated by: determining the mass of landfilled
carbon resulting from yard trimmings or food scraps discarded in a given year; adding the
accumulated landfilled carbon from previous years; and subtracting the portion of carbon
landfilled in previous years that has decomposed.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module	1.17

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Equation 7. Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps Equation
LFC i,t = I Wi,
i x (1 - MCi) x ICCi x {[CSi x ICQ] + [(1 - (CSi x ICCi )) x e kx(t n) ]>
n
where,

t
= the year for which carbon stocks are being estimated,
LFC i,t
= the stock of carbon in landfills in year t, for waste i (grass, leaves,

branches, food scraps)
Wi,n
= the mass of waste i disposed in landfills in year n, in units of wet

weight
n
= the year in which the waste was disposed, where 1960 < n < t
MCi
= moisture content of waste i,
CSi
= the proportion of initial carbon that is stored for waste i,
ICCi
= the initial carbon content of waste i,
e
= the natural logarithm, and
k
= the first order rate constant for waste i, and is equal to 0.693 divided

by the half-life for decomposition.
To determine the total landfilled carbon stocks for a given year, the tool employs: (1) the
composition of the yard trimmings; (2) the mass of yard trimmings and food scraps
discarded in landfills; (3) the carbon storage factor of the landfilled yard trimmings and food
scraps adjusted by mass balance; and (4) the rate of decomposition of the degradable
carbon.
Due to the number of factors involved, the Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps
sector worksheet is arranged by a series of steps. To complete this sector worksheet, follow
the steps below.
1. Enter the amount of landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps.
a.	Enter the composition of yard trimmings in the orange cells as a percent of
grass, leaves, and branches. Default percentages are available by clicking on
the check boxes to the right of the orange input cells, and are provided by
Oshins and Block (2000). Figure 12 displays the inputs cells where this
information is entered. If the user-specific inputs do not match the default
data in the worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will
appear red.
b.	Enter the total annual landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps from 1960 to
the present in short tons of wet weight in the yellow input cells. Default data
are provided by clicking on the gray "Use default yard trimmings data" button
above the yellow input cells. The tool uses the percentage entered for yard
trimmings in the previous step to allocate the amount of yard trimmings
distributed among grass, leaves, and branches. The default data from U.S.
EPA (2015) is a national total for yard trimmings and food scraps, and is
distributed to each state based on state population.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module	1.18

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 12. Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps Worksheet, Step 1
D State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
!0 File Edit Module Options

19*0
19*1
19*2
19*3 |
|/£9*4
19*5
19**
19*7
19*8
19*9
1970
19:
Total landfilled yard trimmings
Grass
Leaves
Branches
Food scraps
2. Calculate the amount of carbon added to landfills annually.
a. Enter the initial carbon content percent for grass, leaves, branches, and food
scraps in the orange cells, as shown in Figure 13. The default percents are
taken from Barlaz (1998). If the user-specific inputs do not match the default
data in the worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will
appear red.
b. Enter the dry weight to wet weight ratio for grass, leaves, branches, and food
scraps, also shown in Figure 13. This default information is drawn from
Tchobanoglous, et al. (1993). If the user-specific inputs do not match the
default data in the worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text
will appear red.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.19

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 13. Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps Worksheet, Step 2
D State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
!0 File Edit Module Options

Type a question for help
I
I
_
7 Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps in Colorado
Click here to find
possible data
Estimates of net carbon flux of landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps can be calculated by estimating the change in
landfill carbon stocks between inventory years. To determine the total landfilled carbon stocks for a given year, the
following factors are estimated: (1)the composition of the yard trimmings, (2) the mass of yard trimmings and food
scraps discarded in the state's landfills, (3) the carbon storage factor of the landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps,
and 4) the rate of decomposition of the degradable carbon. The amount of carbon remaining in the landfill for each
year is tracked based on a model of carbon fate that employs the equation outlined in Step 3 below.
Due to the complexity of these calculations, more detail about the methodology is provided below. Please note that
many of the default factors are based on national values that may vary from state to state. States are encouraged to
use state-specific data when available. For more information, please consult the Land-Use Change and Forestry
Chapter of the User's Guide.
2. Calculate the amount of carbon added to landfills annually
Key Assumptions
Initial Carbon Content
Grass
Leaves
Branches
Food Scraps
Default
45%
42%
49%
51%
Dry Weight/Wet Weight ratio Default
Grass
Leaves
Branches
Food Scraps
30%
70%
90%
30%
Use the Default
{CheeWSm Yc:J
LJse the D
¦r Yesj
Enter initial carbon
contents.
Use Default Percent for All?
Enter dry weight to wet
weiaht ratio.
Return to
Control Sheet
Total Mass Additions '000 metric tons C
Mass additions of carbon = landfilled materials, wet weight x initial carbon content x dry weight/wet weight ration x metric tons per short ton
3. Calculate the total annual stocks of landfilled carbon.
a. In the orange input cells, enter the proportion of carbon from each material
stored in landfills indefinitely, as shown in Figure 14. Or use the default
proportions, based on Barlaz (1998, 2005, and 2008). If the user-specific
inputs do not match the default data in the worksheet (i.e., the default value
is overwritten), the text will appear red.
b. Enter the half-life of the degradable carbon in each of the materials in years,
shown in Figure 14. The default data are from IPCC (2006). If the user-
specific inputs do not match the default data in the worksheet (i.e., the
default value is overwritten), the text will appear red.
Once this sector worksheet is complete, use the gray navigational arrow to return to the
control worksheet.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.20

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 14. Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps Worksheet, Step 3
E State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
EE®
File Edit Module Options
Type a question for help
X
Z
_
7 Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps in Colorado
Click here to find
possible data
Estimates ot net carbon flux of landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps can be calculated by estimating the change in
landfill carbon stocks between inventory years. To determine the total landfilled carbon stocks for a given year, the
following factors are estimated: (1)the composition of the yard trimmings, (2) the mass of yard trimmings and food
scraps discarded in the state's landfills, (3) the carbon storage factor of the landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps,
and 4) the rate of decomposition of the degradable carbon. The amount of carbon remaining in the landfill for each
year is tracked based on a model of carbon fate that employs the equation outlined in Step 3 below.
Due to the complexity of these calculations, more detail about the methodology is provided below. Please note that
many of the default factors are based on national values that may vary from state to state. States are encouraged to
use state-specific data when available. For more information, please consult the Land-Use Change and Forestry
Chapter of the User's Guide.
3. Calculate the total annual stocks of landfilled carbon
Default
68%
72%
77%
16%
Use the
(Check
UCC the Dcf
(Cheek fx
Return to
Control Sheet
Clear All Data
Enter proportion of carbon
stored permanently
I- Use Default Percent for All?
Enter half-life of
degradable carbon
Proportion of Carbon Stored
Permanently
Grass
Leaves
Branches
Food Scraps
Half-life of degradable earbon
(years)
Grass
Leaves
Branches
Food Scraps
Total Stocks of Landfilled Carbon. '000 metric tons C
Annual carbon stocks are calculated by summing the carbon remaining from all previous years' deposits of waste.
The stock of carbon remaining in landfills from any given year is calculated as follows:
Initial C Addition x (Proportion of C Stored Permanently* (1 - Proportion ofC Stored Permanently) x e "(-in(0.5)/haif-!ife of degradable C))
To calculate stocks for any given year, the remaining stocks for all previous years are summed.
The table below provides a summary of the calculated annual C stored in landfills. To view the more detailed calculations for each year, click on the navigational arrow below.
Step (9) Review Summary Information
The steps above provide estimates of total emissions and sequestration from land use, land-
use change, and forestry activities. The information from each sector worksheet is collected
on the summary worksheet, which displays results in MMTCO2E. Figure 15 shows the
summary worksheet that sums the emissions and sinks from all components of the LULUCF
module. In addition, the results are displayed in graphical format at the bottom of the
summary worksheets.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.21

-------
Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Figure 15. Example of the Emissions Summary Worksheet in the LULIICF Module
Q State Inventory Tool - Land-Use Change and Forestry
File Edit Module Options
•Type a question for help
8. Summary of Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions and
Sequestration for Colorado
n to Control
Sheet
Review discussion of
uncertainty associated with
	these results
2_|
3_
4	Emissions were not calculated for the following sectors: Settlement Soils, and Forest Fi res. If you skipped any of these by mistake, please return to the control worksheet and complete
5	each skipped source.
T
Emissions1 (MMTCOjE)

1»»0
im
1»»2
1**3
MM
IMS

19*7
1MI
1»»»
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
200$
2006
Forest Carbon Flux
(21.83)
(21.83)
(21.83)
(20.78)
(20.78)
(20.78)
(20.78)
(25.42)
(28.16)
(28.16)
(28.16)
(28.16)
(28.16)
(28.16)
(28.16)
(28.16)
(28.16)
Aboveground Biomosr
(10.47)
(10.47)
(10.47)
(10.47)
(10.47)
(10.47)
(10.47)
(11.80)
(12.59)
(12.59)
(12.59)
(12.59)
(12.59)
(12.59)
(12.59)
(12.59)
(12.59)
Belowground Biomass
(2.16)
(2.16)
(2.16)
(2.16)
(2.16)
(2.16)
(2.16)
(2.42)
(2-58)
(2-58)
(2-58)
(2-58)
(2.58)
(2.58)
(2.58)
(2.58)
(2.58)
Dead Wood
(2.04)
(2-04)
(2-04)
(2-04)
(2-04)
(2.04)
(2-04)
(2.16)
(2.24)
(2.24)
(2.24)
(2.24)
(2.24)
(2.24)
(2.24)
(2.24)
(2.24)
Litter
(2.14)
(2.14)
(2.14)
(2.14)
(2.14)
(2.14)
(2.14)
(3.47)
(4.26)
(4.26)
(4.26)
(4.26)
(4.26)
(4.26)
(4.26)
(4.26)
(4.26)
Soil Organic Carbon
(3.42)
(3.42)
(3.42)
(3.42)
(3.42)
(3.42)
(3.42)
(5.00)
(5.94)
(5.94)
(5.94)
(5.94)
(5.94)
(5.94)
(5.94)
(5.94)
(5.94)
Total wood products mi landfills
(1.61)
(1.61)
(1.61)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
(0.56)
Liming of Agricultural Soils












0.06
0.01
0.01
0.03

Urea Fertilization
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
Urban Trees
(0.26)
(0.27)
(0.28)
(0.28)
(0.29)
(0.30)
(0.30)
(0.31)
(0.32)
(0.32)
(0.33)
(0.34)
(0.35)
(0.35)
(0.36)
(0.37)
(0.37)
Landf i lied Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps
(3.25)
(2.81)
(281)
(2.50)
(2.25)
(1.90)
(1.57)
(1-53)
(1.50)
(1-39)
(1-39)
(1.44)
(1.48)
(1-22)
(1.09)
(1.13)
(1.17)
Landfilled Food Scraps
Forest Fires
CH.
N:Q
NjOfrom Settlement Soils
(0.34)
(0.30)
(0.32)
(0.32)
(0.31)
(0.27)
(0.31)
(0.38)
(0.45)
(0.46)
(0.59)
(0.57)
(0.57)
(0.52)
(0.59)
(0.55)
(0.52)

















Total
(25 34;
(24 «)
(24 «)
(23 U,
(23 32)
(22 ~«>
(22 U)
(27 25)
(2* ~«)
(2> «»)
(2* ««)
(2* H
(2» M)
(2» 72)
(2* «•)
(2» <3)
(2* 71)
* Note that parentheses indicate net sequestration
Step (10) Export Data
The final step is to export the summary data. Exporting data allows the estimates from
each module to be combined later by the Synthesis Module to produce a comprehensive
GHG inventory for the state.
To access the "Export Data" button, return
to the control worksheet and scroll down to
the bottom (10). Click on the "Export Data
button and a message box will open that
reminds the user to make sure all steps of
the module have been completed. If you
make any changes to the LULUCF module
later, you will then need to re-export the
results.
Clicking "OK" prompts you to save the file.
The file is already named, so you only need to choose a convenient place to save the file.
After the file is saved, a message box will appear indicating that the data was successfully
exported.
While completing the modules, you are encouraged to save each completed module; doing
so will enable you to easily make changes without re-running it entirely.
Following data export, the module may be reset and run for an additional state.
Alternatively, you may run the remaining modules of the SIT to obtain a comprehensive
profile of emissions for your state.
Note: the resulting export file should not be
modified. The export file contains a summary
worksheet that allows users to view the results, as well as
a separate data worksheet with an unformatted version of
the results. The second worksheet, the data worksheet,
contains the information that is exported to the Synthesis
Tool. Users may not modify that worksheet.
Adding/removing rows, moving data, or making other
modifications jeopardize the ability of the Synthesis
Module to accurately analyze the data.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module	1,22

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
1.4 Uncertainty
In the upper right-hand corner of the summary worksheet is a button: "Review discussion of
uncertainty associated with these results." By clicking on this button, you are taken to a
worksheet that discusses the uncertainty surrounding the activity data and emission factors,
and how the uncertainty estimates for this source category affect the uncertainty of the
emission estimates for your state.
1.5 References
AAPFCO. 2013. Commercial Fertilizers 2012. Association of American Plant Food Control
Officials and The Fertilizer Institute. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Barlaz, M.A. 2008. Corrections to Previously Published Carbon Storage Factors. In a letter
report to Randy Freed of ICF International. February 28, 2008.
Barlaz, M.A. 2005. "Decomposition of Leaves," letter report to Randy Freed of ICF
International, June 29, 2005.
Barlaz, M.A. 1998. "Carbon Storage during Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste
Components in Laboratory-Scale Landfills." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12: 373-380.
Dwyer, John F.; Nowak, David J.; Noble, Mary Heather; Sisinni, Susan
M. 2000. Connecting people with ecosystems in the 21st century: an assessment of our
nation's urban forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-490.
FIA Database Retrieval System. Date created is unknown. United States Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. Available online at
http://ncrs2.fs.fed.us/4801/fiadb/index.htm. Accessed October 2007.
IPCC. 2006. Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change, National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Montreal.
IPCC. 2003. Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. J.
Penman and others, editors. IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme.
Available online at http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.htm.
Nowak, David J.; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Dwyer, John F.; Kaya, Latif G.; Myeong,
Soojeong 2005. The Increasing Influence of Urban Environments on US Forest
Management. Journal of Forestry. December: 377-382.
Nowak, D.J. and D.E. Crane. 2002 . "Carbon Storage and Sequestration by Urban Trees in
the United States." Environmental Pollution 116(3): 381-389.
Nowak, D.J., M.H. Noble, S.M. Sisinni, and J.F. Dwyer. 2001. "Assessing the United States
Urban Forest Resource." Journal of Forestry. 99(3): 37-42.
Oshins, C., and D. Block. 2000. "Feedstock Composition at Composting Sites." Biocycle
41(9):31-34.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module 1.23

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Module 8 -Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry Module
January 2017
Smith, W. Brad; Vissage, John S.; Darr, David R.; Sheffield, Raymond M. 2001. Forest
Resources of the United States, 1997. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-219. St. Paul, MN: United
States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 190 p.
Tchobanoglous, G., H. Theisen, and S.A. Vigil. 1993. Integrated Solid Waste Management,
1st edition. McGraw-Hill, NY. Cited by Barlaz (1998).
TVA (1991 through 1994). Commercial Fertilizers. Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle
Shoals, AL.
U.S. EPA. 2016. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 - 2016.
Office of Atmospheric Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 430-R-16-
006. Internet address:
http://www.epa.aov/climatechanae/ahaemissions/usinvento rvreport.html
U.S. EPA. 2015. Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United
States: Facts and Figures for 2014. United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Available online at
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/msw99.htm.
USGS. 2015. "Crushed Stone," 2014 Minerals Yearbook. U.S. Department of the
Interior/U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
West, T.O., and A.C. McBride. 2005. "The contribution of agricultural lime to carbon dioxide
emissions in the United States: dissolution, transport, and net emissions," Agricultural
Ecosystems & Environment 108:145-154.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and
Forestry Module	1.24

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