EPA-600/R-9 5-149b
September 1995
DESIGN AND TESTING OF SUB-SLAB DEPRESSURIZATION
FOR RADON MITIGATION IN NORTH FLORIDA HOUSES
Part I - Performance and Durability
Volume 2. Data Appendices
By
C. E. Roessler, R. Morato, R. Richards, and H. Mohammed
Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences
D. E. Hintenlang
Department of Nuclear Engineering Sciences
and
R. A. Furman
School of Building Construction
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 3261 1
EPA Assistance Agreement CR 814925-01
DCA Project Officer:
Richard Dixon
Florida DCA
2740 Centerview Drive
Tallahassee, FL 32399
EPA Project Officer:
David C. Sanchez
National Risk Management
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 2771 1
Prepared For:
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
and
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
Codes and Standards Division
2740 Centerview Drive
Tallahassee, FL 35255-5305
-------
(Please reaMn&nuctions on the reverse before completin || | |||| || ||||| II1111 III III II III
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA - 600 /R-9 5-149b
3. r in iiii ii inn in ii i in hi n hi
PB96-103593
4. title and subtitle Des£gn and Testing of Sub- slab Depres-
surization for Radon Mitigation in North Florida Hou-
ses, Part I--Performance and Durability, Volume 2.
Data Appendices
5. REPORT DATE
September 1995
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. author(s) Roessler, R. Morato, R. Richards, H. Moham-
med, D. Hintenlang, and R. Furman
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida 32611
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
CR 814925-01
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 8/88 - 12/90
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15.supplementary notes ^ppCr) project officer is David C. Sanchez, Mail Drop 54, 919/
541-2979. This is Part I (which has two volumes) of a two-part report.
16.abstract The report gives results of a demonstration/research project to evaluate
sub-slab depressurization (SSD) techniques for radon mitigation in North Florida
where the housing stock is primarily slab-on-grade, and the sub-slab medium typi-
cally consists of native soil and sand. Objectives were to develop and test the use of
a soil depressurization computer model as a design tool, to optimize the SSD design
for North Florida houses, and to observer the performance and durability of the in-
stalled systems. Between May 1989 and August 1990, SSD systems were designed and
installed in nine houses: seven with simple rectangular floor plans and two with more
complex, L-shaped designs. Installations included a single-suction-point system in
one house and two-suction-point/single-fan systems in eight houses. The installation
in one of the larger, L- shaped houses consisted of a single-suction-point system in
addition to a two-suction-point/single-fan system. All systems used small-diameter,
nominal 50-mm (2~in.) piping. The mitigation successfully reduced indoor radon con-
centrations, originally on the order of 10-30 pCi/L, to post-mitigation values of <"4
pCi/L in all nine houses. Levels were reduced to values on the order of 2 pCi/L or
less in three houses. During the 3-18 months spent on durability observations, the
systems retained effectiveness in maintaining reduced indoor radon concentrations.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS .
c. cosati Field/Group
Pollution Design
Radon Tests
Slabs Ventilation
Pressurizing
Soils
Mathematical Models
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Depressurization
13 B
07B 14 B
13M, 13C 13 A
14 G
08G, 08M
12 A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)'
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
161
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
NOTICE
This document has been reviewed in accordance with
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and
approved for publication. Mention of trade names
or commercial products does not constitute endorse-
ment or recommendation for use.
-------
FOREWORD
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with pro-
tecting the Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national
environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions lead-
ing to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural
systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA's research
program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental pro-
blems today and building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our eco-
logical resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health, and pre-
vent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory is the Agency's center for
investigation of technological and management approaches for reducing risks
from threats to human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory's
research program is on methods for the prevention and control of pollution to air,
land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water
systems; remediation of contaminated sites and groundwater; and prevention and
control of indoor air pollution. The goal of this research effort is to catalyze
development and implementation of innovative, cost-effective environmental
technologies; develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA to
support regulatory and policy decisions; and provide technical support and infor-
mation transfer to ensure effective implementation of environmental regulations
and strategies.
This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory's strategic long-
term research plan. It is published and made available by EPA's Office of Re-
search and Development to assist the user community and to link researchers
with their clients.
E. Timothy Oppelt, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
-------
ABSTRACT
A demonstration/research project was conducted to evaluate sub-slab depressurization
(SSD) techniques for radon mitigation in North Florida where the housing stock is primarily
slab-on-grade and the sub-slab medium typically consists of native soil and sand. Objectives
included developing and testing the use of a soil depressurization computer model as a design
tool, optimization of SSD design for North Florida houses, and observation of the performance
and durability of the installed systems.
Between May 1989 and August 1990, SSD systems were designed and installed in
nine houses - seven with simple, rectangular floor plans and two with more complex, L-shaped
designs. Installations included a single-suction point system in one house and two-suction
point/single-fan systems in eight houses. The installation in one of the larger, L-shaped
houses consisted a single-suction point system in addition to a two-suction point/single-fan
system. All systems used small diameter, nominal 50-mm (2-in), piping.
All houses were equipped with continuous radon monitors and integrating radon
monitors were also deployed. All houses were visited on a regular schedule for measurements
and observations.
The mitigation successfully reduced indoor radon concentrations, originally on the order
of 10 to 30 pCi/L, to post-mitigation values of <4 pCi/L in all nine houses. Levels were
reduced to values on the order of 2 pCi/L or less in three houses.
Installation experiences demonstrated the importance of avoiding "short-circuit" air-
flow leakage near suction points, providing drainage for moisture that condenses in the
system during cooler weather (even in Florida), and sealing around discharge ducts at roof
penetrations to prevent re-entry of exhausted sub-slab gases.
System manipulations indicated that a single suction point was sufficient on two
houses with 1 60 to 170 m2 (1700 to 1800 ft2) slabs but that passive ventilation is not likely
to be effective for this type of sub-slab medium.
During the limited time available for durability observations (3 to 18 months), the
systems retained effectiveness in maintaining reduced indoor radon concentrations, no fan
failures occurred, and no structural effects were observed.
-------
Contents
Introduction 1
Appendix A. House Characterization Data A-1
Appendix B. Data Collection Procedures for Routine House Visits B-1
Appendix C. Data by House C-1
C-1 House 234797 (Ocala-1) C-2
C-2 House 234789 (Ocala-2) C-18
C-3 House 234892 (Gainesville-1) C-36
C-4 House 235001 (Gainesville-2) C-53
C-5 House 235062 (Gainesville-3) C-68
C-6 House 234912 (Gainesville-4) C-82
C-7 House 235059 (Ocala-3) C-95
C-8 House 234839 (Gainesville-5) C-108
C-9 House 234873 (Gainesville-6) C-121
Appendix D. Weather Data D-1
v
-------
Introduction
During the period August 1989 through December 1990, a demonstration/
research project was conducted to evaluate sub-slab depressurization (SSD)
techniques for radon1 mitigation in North-Central Florida. This Volume 2 contains
data appendices as a companion to the Volume 1 narrative report.
Appendix A contains the data file from the characterization measurements
performed 28 November through 2 December 1989 at 12 Gainesville and Ocala
houses selected as candidates for the mitigation demonstration.
Appendix B contains the procedures and the data collection forms for the post-
mitigation routine house visits.
Appendix C presents data by individual house for the nine houses selected for
the project. These data include notes from the post-mitigation house visits,
summaries of selected house and mitigation system characteristics, and tabular and
graphic presentations of measurement results.
Selected weather data (rainfall and daily high and low temperatures) for one
observation station each in Ocala and Gainesville are presented in Appendix D.
'in this report, the terms "radon" and "Rn" are used to
designate the radon isotope, radon-222 and the term "radium" is
used to designate radium-226.
1
-------
Appendix A
House Characterization Data
A-1
-------
TABLE A-1. DATA FILE FROM CHARACTERIZATION MEASUREMENTS ON 12 CANDIDATE HOUSES
HOUSE
#1
Wl
#3
M
#6
m
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
House ID#
234830
¦num.
234797
234708
234004
234073
236002
235001
234001
234012
234032
230000
Mitigation
0-8
0-1
0-1
0-2
0-0
0-3
0-2
Q-4
0-3
Data of VM
M-N
M-P
T-A
T-N
T-P
W-A
W-N
W-P
TVA
Th-N
TW>
F-A
City
OM»*
OVNa
Ocala
Ocala
Ocala
OMRa
OVtla
Ova*
0\*»a
O^Ma
Q\«a
Ooata
Houm Age (yra)
e
9
14
17
0
13
10
14
13
20
15
14
Water Supply
M
M
M
M
P
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Foundation shape
V
Ract
Ract
Ract
Ract
2 Ract
Ract
Ract
Raot
Ract
Ract
Owner competabtllty
E»al
Oood
Oood
Oood
Oood
Oood
Fair
beal
Oood
Oood
Fair
Oood
- HOUSE CHARACTERIZATION "
SLAB CHARACTERISTICS
Type
8
S
F
S
s
F
F
F
8
F
F
P
Size (S«| ft)
2100
1700
1000
1700
1200
2100
1700
2007
2000
1090
2100
1000
# Levels
1
1
1
1
SUPERSTRUCTURE
Wall Const.
FRVUSTV
FRM/BV+CC
CC8
FRM
FRM/VN
CCS
CCB
CCB/VN
CCS* FRM
CCB/BV
CCB
CCS
Roof Style
SHED
?
GABLE
CABLE
OABLE
HIP
OABUE
OABLE
FLAT
?
7
OABLE
Roof Material
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BU
AS
AS
AS
ATTIC
Work Space Adq
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Ventilation
MV
7
MV
MV
PV
MV
MV
MV
PV
MV
MV
MV
Insul. Type
BAT-F
7
BLN-F
7
BLN-F
BLN-F
7
BLN-F
BAT-F
BLN-F
BAT+BLN
7
Insul. Depth
4"
7
r*
7
r
r
7
4"
r-r
4"
4"*r
7
FIREPLACES
Number
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
Type
PF
PF
MAS
PF
PF
PF
-
WS
Doors
7
7
NO
NO
-
NO
NO
.
7
OS C/A Supply
?
7
NO
NO
-
NO
NO
7
KUf.
WrtWMppV M ¦ municipal. P - private w««
Stebtyp* S - iaatad rtarrvwaM, F • floaOng. P. paitiatty aaalad
Wall oonatruobon FRM ~ tram*, CCS - oonemi bloc*, BV - txtck wnxr, 8TV - woeef, VN - vinyl atdktg
Atte vantilatton MV • modaratafy v»n>id. PV • poorty vnted
Atbc foaulaton BAT • BaOm, BLN - Mown, F - flbarglaaa
Fkvptoot fypa PF . pna-Jab, MAS - maaonry, WS - wood alox
Date of VM M, T. W, Th, 4 F ¦ Mon 20 Now through FH 2 Dac 1066; -A. -H -P ¦ AM. noon. PM,
-------
TABLE A-1. DATA FILE FROM CHARACTERIZATION MEASUREMENTS ON 12 CANDIDATE HOUSES (Cont'd)
3»
l
CO
HOUSE
#1
#2
#3
#4
#6
*6
m
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
- HOUSE CHARACTERIZATION, cont.
• •
HEATING SYSTEM
Central System
YES
YES
YE3
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Fuel Type
OAS
HP
ELEC
GAS
ELEC
GAS
ELEC
PROPANE
GAS
GAS
OAS
ELEC
AIR HANDLER & DUCTING
AH Location
OARAGE
GARAGE
UT*_
OARAGE
imL
OARAGE
CLOSET
OARAGE
closet
CLOSET
WL
ATTIC
R/A Location
ATOOTW
TW
ATTIC
ATTX>TW
ATDC
TW
TW(Door)
ATHC
C0UNO
ATTIC
Arnc
ATTIC
Supply Location
ATTIC
ATTIC
ATTIC
ATTIC
ATTIC
ATTIC
Arnc
Arnc
CEILING
ATTIC
ATTIC
ATTIC
COOLING SYSTEM
Central System
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Typ*
REF
HP
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
Plumbing Access
1
7
?
7
?
7
?
?
7
7
7
7
FANS
Whole House
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Window
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bath Vent
2
2
0
0
0
2
0
2
2
1
2
0
R ange Hood
?
?
0
1
1
1
RANOE/S
Fuel
ELEC
ELEC
ELEC
?
7
ELEC
?
ELEC
7
7
7
ELEC
# JennAIr Type
0
0
0
0
7
0
?
0
7
7
7
0
WATER HEATER
Location
OARAGE
OARAGE
um.
OARAGE
UTK
OARAGE
OARAGE
GARAGE
7
util
\JVL
OARAGE
Fuel Type
OA8
ILEC
ELEC
OAS
ELEC
KLEOSOL
ELEC
PROPANE
OAS
ELEC
OAS
7
CLOTHES DRYER
Location
OARAGE
um
am
OARAGE
UTX
IfflL
7
NONE
?
or*.
i/a
OARAGE
Fuel Type
ELEC
ELEC
ELEC
ELEC
ELEC
ELEC
?
ELEC
ELEC
ELEC
7
OTHER COMBUSTION APL.
Typ»
location
Kay:
HMflngftMl
Air bontjiw
Return •*
CooMng eyeiem typ*
HP-h*«tpwmp
t/Tfl. - uWKy room (a oondMomd
TW. through wan
KEF - flitgaiatad. HP ~ hMt pump
-------
TABLE A-1. DATA FILE FROM CHARACTERIZATION MEASUREMENTS ON 12 CANDIDATE HOUSES (Cont'd)
HOUSE
#1
#2
#3
u
#6
m
an
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
- HOUSE CHARACTERIZATION, coot.
• •
INTERIOR FINISHES
Floor*
ov
OV*T*S
OV
OV*T
OV
OV
OV*T
OV*T
OV*T
OV*W*T
OVVT
OV
Walla
H
H
0
D
O
H*W
H
H
H
H*W
M*W
D
Calllnga
H
H
8
8
8+W
H
H
H
H
H
H
8
ELECTRICAL SERVICE
Panel Location
OARAGE
7
?
7
?
7
7
7
7
?
7
OARAGE
Serv. Amperage
180
150
150
100
150
150
150
150
200
250
150
150
Spar* Bmaker*
12
3
4
4
2
0
4
0
6
11
9
1
ADDITIONS TO HOME
Daacrlptton
-
•
Utftrm
•
-
•
End potto
-
" GAMMA READINGS (uR/hr)
»•
GAMMA-INDOOR
Mln
67
6.7
67
67
63
60
63
67
67
7.8
7.4
67
Max
ra
7.4
78
7.8
7.1
71
74
78
96
93
96
89
Avg
TS
7.2
7.0
7.1
60
64
66
76
7.6
6.3
69
76
Std Dav
OS
02
03
0.4
03
04
04
04
07
04
06
06
GAMMA- OUTDOOR
Mm
7.1
0.7
67
67
63
63
6.0
63
7.1
76
78
82
Max
• J
106
104
60
80
82
65
8.5
115
93
130
104
Avg
8.1
7.7
63
76
76
7.2
66
72
92
6.4
11.1
93
Std Dav
01
1.1
06
OS
07
06
06
06
1.1
04
13
06
•* SUBSLAB COMMUNICATION **
Max Perm.
1.3
0.7
06
1.0
1.0
06
11
1.1
1.0
13
0.6
14
(xE-06 aq cm)
Praaaura Ext-ft
«5
1.0
10
150
6.0
15.0
160
10
8.0
60
100
60
Commu. category
Fair
Poor
Poor
Good
Poor
Good
Good
Poor
Fair
Fair
Fek
Fok
Key:
¦ -1 - - ¦ «-¦ -«
viwncr mwv
Floors C • Corp*. V • vfcryl, T - o*r»mio Wo, 8 - slat*. W - wood
Watto, ooMngo H - hfdoolt, 0 • diywel, 8 ~ sh—Ootfc. W • wood
PRESSURE EXT * Preesufs «adwwlon, tho furthest dManoo at • p#eeeure JlftamOol of ct IomI O.OSSmm of ««ftor con be mtoeurod v*ion • pmiuw of 900 P» I* oppfted at euc6or» hole
-------
TABLE A-1. DATA FILE FROM CHARACTERIZATION MEASUREMENTS ON 12 CANDIDATE HOUSES (Cont'd)
HOUSE
#1
#2
#3
u
m
#e
#7
*8
#9
#10
#11
#12
~RADON "
PRE-VISIT RADON CONC. (pCW)
Canlttar
»0
340
457
711
201
206
301
41 5
210
304
429
440
Alpha Trtc
11.0
40
11.S
107
7 0
101
—
—
154
100
302
00
AtEaaa
1S.7
00
—
00
00
20
150
204
10.2
300
330
12.3
AtEaa«(qual)
Oood
Good
—
Poor
Oood
—
—
Oood
—
Poor
—
Poor
POST-VISIT RADON CONC. (pCI/T)
Canlater
157
100
250
227
144
01
120
100
150
20.7
360
201
INTERIOR ROOMS
Room
Mng
IMngr
.
IMng
IMrtQ
—
twnHy
—
_
Sniff (pCW)
7
7
—
0
11
—
17
—
7
7
—
—
Room
don
bdim
IMng
IMng
IMng
—
fbrnXy
—
IMng
famOy
—
—
Gfab(pCW)
05
00
0
04
0
—
11
—
00
7.0
20.4
—
SUBSLAB RADON (pCI/t)
Sniff 1
0040
3001
0100
7010
2041
4300
0323
3540
1040
334
10067
12190
Sniff 2
4007
MOO
1040
1472
0379
2400
0074
4900
054
0170
4070
0300
Sniff 3
2010
—
—
2904
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Averaga anlff
4306
2034
30T0
3049
4050
3400
0500
4272
1347
3257
7010
0296
Avwagagrab
9009
—
3904
4422
—
4290
7100
—
3117
3033
7047
0020
IN WAU. (pCI/l)
North, oantar
_
—
2
—
10
7$
North, aast
33
—
—
—
_
—
10
14
10
32
77
14
North, waat
7
—
—
50
—
—
0
—
—
—
31
—
South, cantor
66
—
24
—
—
101
—
—
102
—
—
South, aaat
10
91
—
—
—
22
—
—
90
—
—
—
South, waat
—
—
—
—
—
40
21
2
3
—
—
10
East wall
_.
0
37
20
Waat wall
1
—
—
11
—
—
—
20
—
207
127
06
High wall
33
00
—
66
—
40
101
20
90
207
127
00
LowwaR
1
0
2
10
0
2
3
32
31
14
-------
p-^-m
* /
TABLE A-1. DATA FILE FROM CHARACTERIZATION MEASUREMENTS ON 12 CANDIDATE HOUSES (Cont'd)
HOUSE
#1
#2
#3
#4
#8
m
m
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
HOUSE DYNAMICS"
DELTA P.boueectoeed
3»
i
o>
Appliance* off - low
High
NO
0006
oooe
0003
0000
001
0012
NR
•0 001
-0002
•0002
•0004
•0004
•0001
•0006
-0001
Furnace fan on - Low
High
NM
NM
NM
0006
NR
¦0.012
0.011
-0003
¦0.002
NM
NE
V8
•0016
Other tana on
NM
NM
0*006
NM
NR
NM
NM
K/-.OOS
1 1
K/-.004
B/-.006
B/VS
¦o.oia
LEAKAGE
Preaa. or Depreaa.
Air changea/hr
Eq Leak Area, m*2
Eff Leak Area, mA2
O
04
104
66
D
0 7
228
150
0
111
164
78
D
106
1W
100
D
106
287
170
D
11.0
397
196
D
105
218
100
D
12.0
323
187
0
175
364
164
D
7.5
230
131
P
12.0
400
230
p
4-15
120
54
KEY:
DELTA P*a ere inchee of water mrfth EDM
NO • None OMeM wNh EDM
NM aNotMeeeured
NR ¦ Not Recorded
NE • No Effect of fan or appienoe(e)
V8 • Very SHgM effect
VAR ¦ Variable. Houee #254875 fcjmeoe on: Negetfre neer return a*r tntafce (OS to .013)
PoeKNeJn haN neer front door (~.001 to * 011)
Other fane: B • bath. D • dryer, K ¦ KRefcen
FOOTNOTES:
Houaa #6 (234673): Fumeoe fan effects
Meeeuremenl
Fan
Fan on.he
ft door
Fan
Looatton
Off
open
ctoaod
Etfaot
MaH, mcf
-.001
-012
-060
Mekee negative; dk
Mad door enhenoei
Near front door
-.001
~ 001
~ 011
Makee poeJthe; eta
Md door enhancet.
Houee #12 (239060): Meeeured vAh wood slove burning.
AM meeeuramonti wtft itove door otoeitf owoapt lather* meeauramento wWh atom door opan.
-------
APPENDIX B
Data Collection
Procedures for Routine
House Visits
B-1
-------
PROCEDURE HVDATA1
RADON SSV PROJECT — DATA COLLECTION — ROUTINE HOUSE VISIT
.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this procedure is to provide a list of the
required tools, equipment, and instructions for data
collection during routine house visits in the University of
Florida Board of Regents Radon Sub-Surface Ventilation
Project.
. 0 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
1. Form HVDATA1, Radon SSV Project — Data Collection —
Routine House Visit (Attachment 1)
2. Spare E-Perm and electrets (short- and long-term)
3. SPER electret reader (battery-operated)
4. At Ease printer and paper
5. ' EDM pressure-measuring instrument by Neotronics
6. Kurz flowmeter (air flow-measuring instrument)
7. Pylon and one cell per suction hole plus one spare. Take
more if other areas are to be sampled using the Pylon.
Note: Pylon cells shall be purged and counted for
background, which is recorded on the data sheet, in the
laboratory prior to being taken into the field.
8. MSA portable pump for purging Pylon cells in the field
9. Relative humidity gauge to use or to replace one deployed
in suction hole
10. Wrench
11. Channel lock pliers
12. Beaker(s) and container(s) for collecting and measuring
water in the system
0 PROCEDURE
1 General Information and Initial Configuration of House/System
1. On HVDATA1, record the following data:
a. House identification number
B- 2
-------
b. Date and time of visit
c. Names of personnel making the visit
d. Windows open or closed
e. Initial house configuration: mitigation system fan
on or off, current fan speed, and percent each
suction hole valve is open (if applicable).
Suction Hole Observations and Measurements at Initial
Conf iguration
Note: Some of the steps in this section may be performed
simultaneously if desired. Perform the following steps for
each suction hole in the house.
1. Measure and record radon
a. Record on HVDATA1 the following data:
(1)
Whether the system fan is on
or off
(2)
Pylon number
(3)
Suction hole number
(4)
Note: Pylon cell number and
should already have been
leaving the lab.
background count
recorded before
b. Set up the Pylon at the suction hole pipe.
c. Install the cell which has been assigned to that
hole, or record the serial number of the cell being
used for sampling.
d. Program the Pylon to count for one minute intervals.
e. Remove the plug from sampling hole. Connect hoses
(cell to sample hole and cell to count meter at back
of Pylon) . Use putty, if necessary, to make a tight
seal around the hose and the sampling hole.
f. Turn on the pump and counter, and let them run for
several minutes until about eight 1-minute counts
have been made. Note: The Pylon can be set up and
counting while pressure and flow measurements are
being taken at the other suction hole.
Stop the Pylon and pump.
-------
h. Recall counts: depress STATUS button to see how
many l-minute counts have been taken. Depress
RECALL button; depress PROG STEP button three times,
and ignore readings; depress repeatedly, and begin
totalling with the fourth reading.
i. Disconnect hoses from the sampling hole.
j. Net count and radon concentration may be calculated
and recorded later.
Measure pressure and record data.
a. Remove the sample plug from the sampling hole, if
in place.
b. Turn on the digital pressure-measuring instrument,
and set the scale at pascals.
c. Put the end of the hose in the sampling hole. Use
putty, if necessary, to make a tight seal around the
hose and the sampling hole.
d. Read the digital meter.
e. Record the following data on form HVDATA1:
(1) Model and serial number of the pressure-
measuring instrument
(2) Suction hole number
(3) Measured pressure in pascals
(4) Fan speed at the time of measurement
f. Disconnect the hose from the sampling hole.
Measure air flow and record data
a. Set up the Kurz flowmeter by attaching the measuring
wand cannon plug to the meter.
b. Turn the switch to the battery position to check the
battery power.
c. Extend the flow-sensing element from the protective
shield far enough to expose the whole sensor.
d. Insert the sensor into the sampling hole in such a
way that air flow can pass evenly through the cut-
out around the sensor. Make sure that the sensor
B- 4
-------
c
is centered in the pipe and parallel with the floor
to obtain the most accurate measurement.
e. Read the flow meter indicator.
f. Record the following data on form HVDATAl:
(1) Model and serial number of Kurz flowmeter.
(2) Air flow measurement in feet per minute.
(3) Effective permeability may be calculated and
entered later.
g. Remove the sensor from the sampling hole, and
retract the flow-sensing element.
4. Make and record on form HVDATAl the following moisture
observations, if applicable:
a. Determine whether the pit area is dry, moist, or
wet.
b. If relative humidity is being measured in the pit,
read and record it.
c. If moisture has accumulated in traps or a collection
system from the attic trap, drain, measure, and
record the quantity. If the homeowner drained
moisture since the last visit, also include that
quantity.
d. If sufficient water had accumulated to effect the
mitigation system (e.g., causing surging or
gurgling) , repeat the pressure and air flow
measurements after the water has been drained.
3.3 Suction Hole Observations and Measurements After Returning
System to Initial Configuration
1. If the initial house configuration was nonstandard,
reconfigure to standard (i.e., all valves fully open, and
fan speed at high).
2. Wait 1-2 minutes for the system to stabilize.
3. Repeat and record pressure and air flow measurements at
each suction hole (Steps 3.2.2 through 3.2.3)
3.4 Additional Suction Hole Measurements
Additional measurements may be desired. Use the appropriate
B- 5
-------
r-
i
procedure steps as required.
1. If requested, measure and record on form HVDATA1 the
pressure and air flow at a fan speed other than high.
2. If requested, measure and record on form HVDATA1 the
pressure and air flow with one or more suction hole valve
closed.
3. When these measurements have been completed, return the
system to the normal configuration unless another
configuration has been specified for test purposes.
3.5 Indoor Radon Concentration Measurements
The number of measurements taken and recorded and the
instruments used may vary from house to house with time. All
currently in use are addressed in this section and appear on
form HVDATA1. Disregard any which are not applicable to a
specific house or time.
1. E Perm
For each E Perm deployed, read the electret voltage.
Record that voltage and other data on form HVDATA1.
a. Record the serial number and location of the E Perm
during the measurement period just completed.
b. Record the date, time, and voltage of that electret
at the beginning of the measurement period (previous
house visit). This may be recorded earlier.
c. To read the electret, remove the electret from the
canister, being careful not to touch the
teflon -surface; place the electret, teflon
surface down on the circular window of the SPER-1
reader; pull the lever toward the bottom (voltage
readout); and read the voltage.
d. Record the date, time, and voltage of the electret
at the end of the measurement period. Radon
concentration may be calculated and recorded later.
Disregard the partial line for beginning data if the
electret is not being replaced.
e. If the voltage is less than 300 V, replace the
electret. Repeat step 3.5.1.d for a new electret.
Record the serial number, date, time, and voltage
on the partial line under beginning data in the
E Perm section of form HVDATA1.
B- 6
-------
I
L
2. At Ease
a. Obtain a printout from the At Ease.
b. Record the following data on form HVDATA1:
(1) Location where the At Ease was deployed for the
measurement period
(2) Average radon concentration in pCi/1
(3) Whether or not the At Ease was reset, during
this house visit
3. Pylon
Repeat steps in 3.2.1, eliminating parts relating to
physical set-up unique to sampling the suction hole air
as opposed to indoor air.
3.6 System Noise Problems
Record the following on form HVDATA1:
1. Were any noise problems reported by the homeowner or
detected by personnel visiting the house?
2. Is there any change in noise since the previous visit?
3. If yes to either of the two preceding questions, describe
the noise, identify the cause, if possible, and state any
remedial actions recommended or taken.
3.7 Observation of Cracking and Sealing
Observe and record whether visible slab area shows evidence
of new cracking and/or the integrity of sealing joints.
3.8 Miscellaneous Comments and Observations
Record in this section of form HVDATA1 any additional comments
or observations.
3.9 Final House Configuration
Record the final house configuration: mitigation fan on or
off, current fan speed, and the percent each suction hole
valve is open, if applicable.
B- 7
-------
UNIVER8ITY OF FLORIDA RADON RESEARCH PROGRAM
RADON S8V PROJECT — DATA COLLECTION — ROUTINE HOUSE VISIT
House ID Date / / Time : am pm
Personnel Windows open Y N
1. Beginning house configuration: Fan on off speed
Suction line valves % open #1 £ #2 £ #3 &
2. Radon in Exhaust Air: Fan On Off Pylon Ser. #
Pvlon Data Rn Concentration
/
/
/
/
3. System-induced pressure and airflow:
Pressure Instrument: Model # Ser. #
Flow Instrument: Model # Ser. #
Suction Pressure Airflow Effective
Hole No. (Pal (fpml Fan Speed Permeability (m*21
1 HIGH
1 LOW
2 HIGH
2 LOW
4. Radon in House:
a. E Perm Beginning Data Ending Data Rn Cone.
Location Ser. # Date Time Volts Date Time Volts (pCi/1)
/ /
: / /
•
•
/ /
/ /
/ /
•
•
l—l i
b. At Ease Location Avg pCi/1 Reset Y N
Location Avg pCi/1 Reset Y N
Form HVDATA1, Rev. 2, 12/89
B-8
-------
Page 2
5. Moisture observations, measurements, and sampling. (attic=5)
Suction Pit Dry, Pit Air Water
Hole/Attic Moist. Wet RH (%) Drained (ml)
%
%
%
6. Check for noise problems from fan, bearings, vibration or
piping. None No change Yes
If yes, describe
Cause:
Action taken:
8. Observe visible slab areas for new cracks and integrity of
sealing joints. None No change Yes
Cause
Action taken
9. Miscellaneous comments and observations:
10. Final house configuration: Fan on off speed
Suction line valves % open fl % /2 %
Form HVDATA1, Rev. 2, 12/89
-------
APPENDIX C
Data by House
Page
C-1 House 234797 (Ocala-1) C-2
C-2 House 234789 (OcaIa-2) c-18
C-3 House 234892 (Gainesville-1) c-36
C-4 House 235001 (Gainesville-2) c-53
C-5 House 235062 (Gainesville-3) C-68
C-6 House 234912 (Gainesville-4) c-82
C-7 House 235059 (Ocala-3) C-95
C-8 House 234839 (Gainesville-5) C-108
C-9 House 234873 (GainesvilIe-6) C-121
C-1
-------
APPENDIX C-1
House 234797
(Ocala-1)
Narrative C-3
Table C1-1. Characteristics C-7
Table C1-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-8
Table C1-3. Water Collected C-9
Table C1-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-10
Figure C1-1. Pressure At Suction Holes C-11
Figure C1-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes C-12
Figure C1-3. Effective Permeability C-13
Table C1-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor C-14
Figure C1-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes C-15
Figure C1-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor C-16
Figure C1-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration C-17
C-2
-------
Mitigation of House 234797 (Ocala-1).
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
Mitigation of house 234797 (Ocala-1) successfully lowered the indoor radon from concentrations of
around 10 pCi/L immediately before mitigation to levels averaging 2 pCi/L during active mitigation. Indoor radon
concentration was maintained below 4 pCi/L when the fan was operated at high, medium, or low speed and
even when the accumulation of significant condensation in the attic trap was otherwise adversely affecting
system operation. Passive mitigation (fan off/valves open) was unsuccessful during the summer, resulting in
an indoor radon concentration of 25.3 pCi/L. Even passive mitigation caused an improvement with respect to
the 45.7 pCi/L detected by charcoal canister under closed-house conditions during the diagnostic period in
1988; an alpha track detector during normal house adivftes in 1988 recorded 11.3 pCi/L The effect of closing
either or both suction hole valves was not investigated.
Detailed Data bv House Visit
The mitigation system was installed and began operating May 11,1989 (day 131). Figures C1-1
through C1-6 illustrate the pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon concentrations at suction holes
1 and 2 (SH1 and SH2) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the At Ease continuous monitor and
E-Perm integrating monitor. The system operated at high fan speed with both suction hole (SH) valves open,
lowering the indoor radon concentration to 3.6 pCi/L. On day 143 the system was turned off because the
homeowners were leaving for the summer. Although both SH valves remained open from day 143 to 256,
permitting passive mitigation, an indoor radon concentration of 25.3 pCi/L was recorded by a long-term electret
(E-Perm). The mitigation system was returned to full operation on day 256.
Data taken during the routine house visit on day 271 showed that since day 256, pressure increased
at suction hole 1 (SH1) and suction hole 2 (SH2); air flow decreased at SH1 and increased slightly at SH2;
effective permeability decreased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentrations at SH1 and SH2 decreased
significantly; and indoor radon concentration decreased significantly to below 4 pCi/L.
On day 285, the first water (240 ml) was drained from the SH2 trap, but the attic trap was not checked
for water. Since day 271, pressure, air flow, and effective permeability increased; radon concentration
increased at SH1 and decreased slightly at SH2; and indoor radon concentration was slightly lower than on
day 271.
On day 299, an audible rumble in the room where SH2 is located was reported. Suction hole traps
were checked for water, and 240 ml was drained from each suction hole; the attic trap was not checked. Since
day 285, pressure and air flow decreased at SH1 and SH2; effective permeability increased at SH2 and
decreased at SH1; radon concentrations increased and were about equal at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon
concentration increased but was less than 4 pCi/L.
On day 313, interrupted air flow and a fluttering sound were reported. Water was drained from both
suction hole traps, 147 ml from SH1 and 153 ml from SH2; the attic trap was not checked. Since day 299,
pressure at SH1 and SH2 dropped further, air flow increased at SH1 and decreased slightly at SH2 and was
about equal at SH1 and SH2; effective permeability increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2; radon
concentrations decreased slightly and were about equal at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon concentration was
slightly higher. Water in the system appears to have affected pressure and air flow but did not cause indoor
radon concentration to exceed 4 pCi/L.
On day 318,125 ml was drained from SH1 and 155 ml from SH2. The attic trap was checked for the
first time and 5000 ml was drained. Since day 313, pressure increased significantly at SH1 and SH2; air flow
decreased slightly at SH1 and increased at SH2; effective permeability decreased at SH1 and increased at
SH2; radon concentrations increased and were about equal at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon concentration
C-3
-------
increased but remained below 4 pCi/L. Water in the system apparently caused the increase in indoor radon.
On day 325,200 ml was drained from SH1,250 ml from SH2, and 3700 ml from the attic trap. The
fen speed was turned to low until the next visit to see whether there was any effect on condensation. Since
day 318, pressure decreased at SH1 and SH2; air flow increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2 and was about
equal at SH1 and SH2; effective permeability increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2 and was about equal
at SH1 and SH2; radon concentrations increased and were about equal at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon
decreased.
On day 341,650 ml was drained from SH1,300 ml from SH2, and 7000 ml from the attic trap. A drain
was installed on the attic trap. The fan speed was returned to high. Since day 325, pressure increased and
was about equal at SH1 and SH2; air flow and effective permeability increased at SH1 and SH2; radon
concentrations decreased at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon increased slightly but remained below 4 pCi/L.
On day 349,200 ml was drained from SH1,300 ml from SH2, and 4200 ml from the attic drain. Since
day 341, pressure decreased sTightfy and was about equal at SH1 and SH2; air flow and effective permeability
increased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentrations increased at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon concentration
had increased slightly but remained below 4 pCi/L.
On day 355, the system was turned off because the homeowner would be gone for holidays.
On day 388, the system was turned on again after the holidays. Water that accumulated during
operation from days 349-352 was drained: 550 ml at SH1, 55 ml at SH2, and none at the attic. Pressure at
both suction holes has remained about the same since early November, while air flow has increased and
effective permeability decreased at both. Radon increased at both suction holes. Indoor radon increased to
over 18 pCi/L while the system was not operating. The system was left in normal configuration.
On day 393, the homeowner heard noise in the attic and turned off the system.
On day 397,190 ml was drained at SH1, 33 ml at SH2, and 2070 ml at the attic. The attic pipes were
insulated, and the system was turned on again. Indoor radon was around 5 pCi/L because the system had
been off. The system was left in normal configuration.
On day 411, 37 ml was drained at SH1, 23 ml at SH2, and 750 at the attic. A Dranger valve and
collection bottle were installed to drain the attic trap. Pressure remained as it had been on day 388; air flow
recorded at SH1 was quite high (possible error in scale read), and air flow at SH2 decreased since day 388;
and effective permeability behaved much like air flow. Radon concentrations at the suction holes returned to
pre-Christmas levels, and indoor radon returned to less than 4 pCi/L. The system was left in normal
configuration.
On day 426,110 ml was drained at SH1,104 at SH2, and 2000 ml at the attic. Pressure increased at
both suction holes; air flow decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2; effective permeability decreased at SH1
and increased at SH2. Radon concentrations at the suction holes increased, but indoor radon decreased
further to 0.6 pCi/L. The system was left in normal configuration.
On day 480, 55 ml was drained at SH1, 100 ml at SH2 and 2800 ml at the attic. Since day 426,
pressure increased at SH1 and decreased slightly at SH2. Both air flow and effective permeability increased
at SH1 and SH2. Radon concentrations decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2. Indoor radon increased but
remained below 4 pCi/L The system was left in normal configuration.
On day 514, no water was found in either suction holes. Since day 480, pressure increased quite high
(possible error in scale reading), and airflow at SH1 and SH2 decreased. Effective permeability decreased at
C-4
-------
SH1 and SH2, as did the radon concentrations. Indoor radon remained at a steady rate, well below 4 pCi/L.
The system was left in normal configuration.
On day 634, no water was collected at either suction hole. No other data were collected. The system
was left in normal configuration.
Trends in Maior Parameters Purina System Operation
1. Pressure
a. General: Pressure decreased from the first to second house visit before stopping operation
for the summer. After resuming operation, pressure rose from day 256 to day 285 them
decreased through day 313 due to the accumulation of liter quantities of condensation in the
attic trap. Beginning day 318, the attic trap was drained manually and later by a drain line
installed day 341, causing the pressure again to increase. If the pressure readings for
days 299 and 313 were ignored, the pressure would be increasing at a fairly constant slope.
From days 318-411 pressure remained relatively constant but increased again on day 426.
After which, on day 480, SH1 increases sharply.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior SH1 and SH2 behaved the same, and pressure readings
were equal or nearly equal at each reading. Pressure readings differed noticeably on days
480 and 514.
c. Fan Speed Variation: The few readings taken with the fan operating at low speed show a
decreased pressure.
2. Air Flow
a. General: Air flow decreased slightly from the first to second house visit. After resuming
operation, air flow was equal then decreased and rose again at SH1 and increased at SH2.
A sharp rise occurred at SH2 when condensation had accumulated but not been drained
day 313, pressure decreased after draining, but resumed the sharp rise as draining continued.
Elevated air flow in SH2 continued through January 1990 then returned to Fall 1989 levels.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Air flow readings at SH1 and SH2 on occasion were
equal, but more often they differed. After draining began, SH1 rose much less steeply then
SH2. During 1990, SH1 continued to exhibit a lower air flow than SH2 except for the anomaly
on day 411, which is potentially an error in reading the instrument. Otherwise SH1 and SH2
behaved in like manner.
c. Fan Speed Variation: The few readings taken with the fan operating at low speed show
decreased air flow.
3. Effective Permeability
a. General: Effective permeability was about equal the first two visits but varied widely after
resumption of operation after the summer. However, overall effective permeability is
increasing. Except for the anomaly day 411, effective permeability in 1990 decreased from
1989 values.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Effective permeability varied greatly from SH1 to SH2,
with the greatest increase at SH2. In 1990 effective permeability decreased more gradually
at SH1, except for the anomaly day 411; and it decreased sharply at SH2 before rising slightly
C-5
-------
again on day 426.
c. Fan Speed Variation: Effective permeability was only calculated for high fan speed.
4. Radon Concentration at Suction Holes
a. General: Radon concentrations at the suction holes were about equal when system operation
was resumed day 256 and fell sharply by day 271 and remained below 4000 pCi/L after
day 271. Concentrations at the suction holes had increased sharply in early January 1990
(when the system had been off for the holidays), and then they decreased to the post-
mitigation levels of 1989.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Concentrations at SH1 and SH2 were about equal four
times, but generally the concentration was somewhat lower at SH2. The radon concentration
at SH1 was greater than at SH2 in early January 1990, but both were nearly the same in
February.
c. Fan Speed Variation: The radon concentration at a suction hole was read before fan speed
was manipulated so that it would reflect the concentration at what had been steady-state
operation since the previous house visit.
5. Indoor Radon Concentration
a. At-Ease: Indoor radon concentration was reduced to less than 4 pCi/L by the mitigation
system between the first and second house visits. The At-Ease was not used after May 1989.
b. E-Perm: Indoor radon concentration was consistently reduced to less than 4 pCi/L by the
mitigation system, even when condensation in the attic trap was affecting system operation
and when the system was operating at less than high fan speed. Indoor radon concentrations
were elevated, as anticipated, while the system was turned off during the holidays. The
concentration remained slightly elevated in mid-January 1990 because the system was off for
a few days but decreased to the post-mitigation levels (below 4 pCi/L) normally seen when the
system is operating.
C-6
-------
Table C1-1. Characteristics, House 234797 (Ocala-1).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size
Slab & wall type
Return air
B. Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension
Sub-slab communication
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition
Date began monitoring
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points
Suction pit diameters
#1
#2
Fan type
Date operation began
167 m2 (1800 ft2)
Floating slab; concrete block wall
construction
Overhead ducting in attic or false ceiling
0.3 m (1 ft)
Poor
No
April 1989
2
0.91 m (36 in)
0.91 m (36 irv)
Fantech model R-150; 270 cfm, 2150
rpm, 1/20 hp
May 1989
C-7
-------
Table C1-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes - House 234797 (Ocala-1).
1.
Day 131:
Began operating mitigation system.
2.
Day 143:
Turned off system - homeowners to be gone for summer.
3.
Day 256:
Turned on system.
4.
Day 285:
Drained first water (240 mL) from SH2 trap.
5.
Day 299:
Reported audible rumble in room where SH2 is located. Drained 240 mL from each
suction hole.
6.
Day 313:
Reported interrupted air flow and fluttering sound. Drained 147 mL from SH1 and
153 mL from SH2.
7.
Day 318:
Drained 125 mL from SH1 and 155 mL from SH2; checked attic trap for the first time
and drained 5000 mL.
8.
Day 325:
Drained 200 mL from SH1, 250 mL from SH2, and 3700 mL from attic trap. Turned
fan to operate on low until next visit to see effect on condensation.
9.
Day 341:
Drained 650 mL from SH1,300 mL from SH2, and 7000 mL from attic trap; installed
drain on attic trap. Turned fan back to high.
10.
Day 349:
Drained 200 mL from SH1,300 mL from SH2, and 4200 mL from attic drain.
11.
Day 355:
Turned off system; homeowner to be gone for holidays.
12.
Day 388:
Turned system on. Drained 550 mL at SH1, 55 mL at SH2, and none at the attic.
Water had accumulated when the system operated for days 349-352.
13.
Day 397:
System ran for five days but was off upon arrival. Drained 190 mL at SH1,33 mL at
SH2, and 2070 mL at the attic. Homeowner reported noise in the attic day 393 and
turned the system off. Insulated attic pipes and turned on the system on day 397.
14.
Day 411:
Drained 37 mL at SH1, 23 mL at SH2, and 750 at the attic. A Dranger valve and
collection bottle were installed to drain the attic trap.
15.
Day 426:
Drained 110 mL at SH1,104 at SH2, and 2000 mL at the attic.
16.
Day 480:
Drained 55 mL at SH1,100 mL at SH2 and 2800 mL at the attic.
17.
Day 514:
No water was found in SH1 and SH2.
18.
Day 634:
No water was collected in either suction hole. The attic was not checked for water.
C-8
-------
Table C1-3. WATER COLLECTED - House 234797 (Oca!a-1).
Julian
Collection
Suction Hole #1
Suction Hole #2
Attic
Date
Days
mL
mL/day
mL
mL/day
mL
mL/day
256
0
0
_
0
_
ND'
_
271
15
ND
—
ND
—
ND
—
285
6
0
—
240
—
ND
—
299
14
240
17
240
17
ND
—
313
14
147
11
153
11
ND
—
318
4
125
31
155
39
5000
—
325
7
200
29
250
36
3700
529
341
16
650
41
300
19
7000
438
349
8
200
25
300
38
4200
525
355
4
550
138
55
14
2050
513
388
4
550
138
55
14
0
0
397
5
190
38
33
7
2070
414
411
14
37
3
23
2
750
54
426
15
110
7
104
7
2000
133
480
54
55
1
100
2
2800
52
514
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
634
120
0
0
0
0
0
0
C-9
-------
Table C1-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by Suction Hole and
Fan Speed - House 234797 (Ocala-1).
Julian
Date
Visit
Date
Suction Hole 1
Suction Hole 2
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
P
(Pa)
F
(cfm)
Eff Perm
mA2*
P F
(Pa) (cfm)
P
(Pa)
F
(cfm)
Eff Perm
m*2
P F
(Pa) (cfm)
98
04/08/89
100
04/10/89
131
05/11/89
390
4.29
1.50
354 3.64
390
4.03
1.41
352 3.90
143
05/23/89
377
3.90
1.41
377
3.90
1.41
256
09/13/89
389
3.64
1.28
387
3.64
1.28
271
09/28/89
395
3.12
1.08
395
3.64
1.26
285
10/12/89
402
3.38
1.15
400
4.03
1.37
299
10/26/89
391
2.73
0.95
378
3.77
1.57
313
11/09/89
363
3.51
1.32
353
3.64
1.41
318
11/14/89
418
3.38
1.10
412
5.20
1.72
325
11/21/89
411
3.59
1.19
407
3.64
1.22
341
12/07/89
416
3.90 #
128
374 4.16 #
416
5.20
1.70
388 4.29
349
12/15/89
416
4.16 #
1.37
387 4.81 #
413
5.85
1.93
382 520
355
12/21/89
410
6.46
1.30
417
8.61
1.70
388
01/23/90
5.17
397
02/01/90
412
13.78
2.75
410
5.60
1.12
411
02/15/90
426
5.38
1.04
427
6.46
1.24
426
03/02/90
• x10*-11
P = magnitude of negative pressure at suction hole relative to indoor ambtenl pressure.
t No obvious explanation for higher flow with lower pressure at low fan speed.
C-10
-------
Figure C1-1. Pressure At Suction Holes - House 234797 (Ocala-1).
C-11
-------
«• Hole 1 HIGH ~ Hole 1 LOW ND - No Data
Hole 2 HIGH * Hole 2 LOW
Figure C1 -2. Air Flow At Suction Holes - House 234797 (Ocala-1).
C-12
-------
Figure C1-3. Effective Permeability - House 234797 (Ocala-1).
C-13
-------
Table C1-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 234797 (Ocala-1).
Julian
Visit
Suction Holes*
Indoors**
Date
Date
#1
#2
At-Ease
E-Perm
(pCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(PCi/L)
98
04/08/89
17.4
100
04/10/89
16.2
131
05/11/89
13.1
143
05/23/89
3.6
256
09/13/89
7574
7276
25.3
271
09/28/89
1739
3331
1.6
285
10/12/89
2186
2946
1.0
299
10/26/89
3071
3083
0.9
313
11/09/89
2761
2943
1.4
318
11/14/89
3541
3667
2.9
325
11/21/89
2696
3482
1.6
341
12/07/89
2426
3113
1.8
349
12/15/89
2549
3484
2.2
355
12/21/89
388
01/23/90
8534
5487
18.6
397
02/01/90
5.2
411
02/15/90
2545
2854
1.4
426
03/02/90
2638
3210
0.6
• Grab or sniff samples.
** Average concentration during time period preceding vis*.
C-14
-------
»
L
Fan
Hot* #1 Ctoied |~
Hole tZOouxt
rss/kv/A
C
it-
10-
9
8-
7-
0-j—r-T-.| , , 1 ! | [i [ | j ! t [ I ) I I | Tl .
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
110
M
150 190 230 270 310 350
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A |S
N
D
I I I I in 1 I 1 1 ) "I "[• H [ II I I I I I I I l""l"[ ; 't ITT'T T"
&70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
390
430
M
470
510 550 590 630
Day {Julian) 1990
M J J | j
670 710
A
Hole 1 -r~ Hole 2
-0- Sub-slab radon concentration at the 29 November 1388 diagnostic visit.
Figure C1-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes - House 234797 (Ocala-1).
C-15
-------
AT-EASE
lj
90
130 170 210 250 290 330
70
410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
110 150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
M J I J | A | S
310
350
D
390 430
M
470 510 550 590
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J | J I A
630 670
710
Figure C1-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House 234797 (Ocala-1).
C-16
-------
L
Fan |
Hota #1 Ck>s«df
Hole #2 Closed f
30-
25-
20-
E-PERM
15-
10-
r i i i i i i i i i i i i
90 130 170 210
110
M
n i m i n i i i r
250 290 330
150 190 230 270 310 350
Day (Julian) 1989
J ! J I A | S 0 N
I I 1 l I I 1 l I I I i 1 i 1 I i i i i i i i i i i i i i )
0 410 450 490 530 570 610 650
lilt
690
730
390 430
M
470 510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M |J I J I A
670 710
Figure C1-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration - House 234797
(Ocala-1).
C-17
-------
APPENDIX C-2
House 234789
(Oca!a-2)
Narrative C-19
Table C2-1. Characteristics C-24
Table C2-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-25
Table C2-3. Water Collected C-27
Table C2-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-28
Figure C2-1. Pressure At Suction Holes C-29
Figure C2-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes C-30
Figure C2-3. Effective Permeability C-31
Table C2-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor C-32
Figure C2-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes C-33
Figure C2-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor C-34
Figure C2-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration C-35
C-18
-------
Mitigation of House 234789 (Ocala-2)
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
Mitigation of house 234789 (Ocala-2) successfully lowered the indoor radon from concentrations of
around 11 pCi/L immediately before mitigation to levels averaging 2.5 pCi/L during active mitigation with suction
hole 1 (SH1) valve or both SH1 and suction hole 2 (SH2) valves open. Indoor radon concentrations were
maintained below 4 pCi/L when the fan was operated at high or low speed and even when the accumulation
of significant condensation in the attic trap was otherwise adversely affecting system operation. Passive
mitigation (fan off/valves open) was unsuccessful during brief time it was tried in June, resulting in an indoor
radon concentration of 8.4 pCi/L. Even passive mitigation caused an improvement with respect to the
34.9 pCi/L detected by charcoal canister under closed-house conditions during the diagnostic period in 1988;
an alpha track during normal house activities in 1988 recorded 4.6 pCi/L. Even when both valves were closed
the fan had been turned off, the radon concentrations were around 13 pCi/L, which is less than 34.9 pCi/L but
higher than 4.6.
Detailed Data by House Visit
The mitigation system was installed and began operating May 9,1989 (day 129). Figures C2-1 through
C2-6 illustrate the pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon concentrations at suction holes 1 and
2 (SH1 and SH2) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the At Ease continuous monitor and E-Perm
integrating monitor. The system operated at high fan speed with both suction hole valves open (normal
operating configuration).
On day 131, the first post-mitigation data were reported. Since day 129, pressure increased at high
fan speed at both SH1 and SH2 (no measurement was taken at low); air flow remained the same at SH1 and
increased at SH2. No other data were reported. SH2 valve was closed at the end of the visit with the fan
operating at high speed.
On day 142, the first water was drained from SH1 and SH2 traps, 8 ml at SH1 and 2 ml at SH2, but
the attic trap was not checked until day 325. Since day 131, pressure remained the same at SH1 and
decreased at SH2; air flow increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2; effective permeability increased at SH1
and remained the same at SH2; indoor radon concentration decreased to less than 4 pCi/L. SH2 valve was
opened, leaving the system with both valves open and the fan operating at high speed.
On day 174, SH1 and SH2 were reported to be dry. Pressure and air flow were not measured; Radon
concentrations were first reported for SH1 and SH2. Since day 142, indoor radon concentrations decreased.
The fan was turned off, and SH1 and SH2 valves were left open (passive mitigation configuration).
On day 179, no comment on water was reported. Since day 142 (when last measured) pressure
increased at SH1 and SH2; air flow and effective permeability decreased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentration
decreased at SH1 and was not measured at SH2; the indoor radon concentration increased from 1.8 to 8.4
pCi/L as measured by the E-Perm, which gave a higher resolution of data than the At Ease, which showed a
much less dramatic increase due to averaging with the data from days 142 to 188. This increase in indoor
radon concentration was expected during a time of passive mitigation.
On day 188, SH1 and SH2 were reported to be dry. Pressure was not measured, so effective
permeability could not be calculated. Air flow decreased at SH1 and remained the same at SH2; radon
concentrations increased at SH1 and (since last measured on day 174) decreased at SH2; indoor radon
concentration decreased to less than 4 pCi/L as measured by the E-Perm but appear to be slightly above that
level when averaged since day 174. The decrease shown by the E-Perm was expected when the system
returned to full active mitigation configuration. At the end of the visit, the fan was turned off, and SH1 and SH2
valves were closed.
C-19
-------
On day 195, no comment on water was reported. Since last measured on day 179, pressure
decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2. Since day 184, air flow and effective permeability remained the same
at SH1 and increased at SH2; SH1 and indoor radon concentrations increased dramatically, but SH2 radon
was not measured. The increases in radon concentrations were expected with the system off and valves
closed. At the end of the visit, the fan was turned on high speed, and SH1 and SH2 valves were opened.
On day 208, no comment on water was reported. Since day 195, pressure remained about the same
at SH1 and decreased at SH2; air flow increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2; effective permeability
increased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentration at SH1 remained about the same as last measured on
day 188, and SH2 decreased sharply to less than it had been on day 188; indoor radon concentrations
decreased to less than 4 pCi/L. The house was left in normal operating configuration.
On day 222, an unquantified small amount of water at SH1 and SH2 was reported. Since day 208, all
parameters showed a decrease (pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon concentrations at SH1
and SH2 and indoors). At the end of the house visit, the system was again turned off and both valves closed.
On day 236, SH1 or SH2 were reported to be dry. Since day 222, pressure remained about the same,
air flow increased, and effective permeability increased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentration increased slightly
at SH1 but decreased dramatically at SH2; indoor radon increased significantly. The increased indoor radon
concentration was expected, as was an increase at the SH1 and SH2. The decrease at SH2 was not expected.
At the end of the visit, the system was returned to normal operating configuration.
On day 250, no comment on water was made. Since day 236, pressure increased at SH1 and SH2;
air flow and effective permeability decreased at SH1 and remained about the same at SH2; radon
concentrations decreased slightly at SH1 and increased significantly at SH2; indoor radon again decreased to
less than 4 pCi/L.
On day 256, no comment on water was reported. Since day 235, pressure decreased at SH1 and SH2;
air flow increased at SH1 and remained the same at SH2; radon concentrations at SH1, SH2, and indoors
decreased.
On day 271, water was drained, 20 ml water at SH1 and 10 ml at SH2. Since day 256, pressure, air
flow, and effective permeability increased; and radon concentrations decreased at SH1, SH2, and indoors.
On day 285,100 ml water was drained at SH1, but SH2 was obstructed and could not be checked for
water. Since day 271, pressure increased at SH1 and SH2; air flow and effective permeability decreased at
SH1 and SH2; radon concentrations decreased at SH1 and SH2 but remained about constant indoors. At the
end of the visit, fan speed was changed to low, and both valves were left open.
On day 299, 240 ml was drained at SH1, but no comment on water at SH2 was reported. Since
day 285, pressure increased slightly at SH1 and decreased slightly at SH2; air flow and effective permeability
increased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentration decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2; and radon
concentrations increased slightly indoors but remained less than 4 pCi/L. This indicates that low fan speed can
maintain indoor radon concentration levels below 4 pCi/L. At the end of the visit, the system was returned to
normal operating configuration.
On day 315, 84 ml was drained at SH1, and SH2 was not be checked for water. Since day 299,
pressure, air flow, and effective permeability decreased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentrations increased at
SH1 and decreased at SH2; indoor radon concentrations decreased slightly. At the end of the visit, fan speed
was changed to low, and both valves were left open.
On day 325,200 ml was drained at SH1, and SH2 still could not be checked for water. The attic trap
was checked for first time and 2500 ml was drained. Since day 315, pressure, air flow, and effective
C-20
-------
permeability increased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentration decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2; and
indoor radon increased but remained below 4 pCi/L. At the end of the visit, the system was returned to normal
operating configuration.
On day 341,400 ml was drained at SH1, SH2 could not be checked; and 700 ml was drained at the
attic trap. The attic trap drain was installed. Since day 325, pressure and air flow increased at SH1 and
remained the same at SH2; effective permeability decreased at SH1 and remained the same at SH2; radon
concentrations increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2; and indoor radon concentration decreased. At the
end of the visit, fan speed was changed to low, and both valves were left open.
On day 349, 330 ml was drained at SH1; SH2 could not be checked; 1800 ml was drained from the
attic trap drain. No other data were collected as this was a non-routine visit to check the new attic trap drain.
At the end of the visit, the system was returned to normal operating configuration.
On day 355,50 ml was drained at SH1; SH2 could not be checked; and 6900 ml was drained from the
attic trap drain. Since day 341, pressure remained the same at SH1 and SH2; air flow remained the same at
SH1 and increased at SH2; effective permeability decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2; radon
concentrations decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2; indoor radon concentration increased.
On day 370, 252 ml was drained at SH1 and 2500 ml at the attic drain. On day 361, 4000 ml was
drained from the full attic bottle. Pressure at SH1 and SH2 decreased slightly, and air flow and effective
permeability increased slightly at SH1 and decreased at SH2. Radon concentration increased at SH1 and
decreased at SH2. (Radon concentration indoors has not been calculated though voltage drop was recorded.)
On day 388,250 ml was drained at SH1,400 ml at SH2, and 4000 ml (overfilled) at the attic. Patching
cement was noted to be coming loose at SH2 and needs to be caulked. Pressure decreased at SH1 and SH2,
and air flow and effective permeability increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2. Suction hole radon decreased,
and indoor radon remained below 4 pCi/L.
On day 411, 230 ml was drained at SH1, 210 ml at SH2, and no data were obtained for the attic. A
water collection bottle was placed under the Dranger valve, and the homeowner was asked to empty ft as
required. Pressure at SH1 and SH2 remained constant while air flow and effective permeability decreased at
SH1 and increased at SH2 (the latter perhaps due to reading the wrong scale on the flow meter). The radon
concentration decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2, and indoor radon concentration decreased.
On day 426,225 ml was drained at SH1,210 ml at SH2, and 2200 ml at the attic. No unusual noises
or surging were reported. Pressure increased at SH1 and SH2; air flow remained the same at SH1 and
decreased at SH2; and effective permeability decreased at SH1 and SH2. Radon concentrations increased
at SH1 and decreased at SH2, and indoor radon decreased to 1.0 pCi/L.
On day 480, 200 mL was drained from SH1 and 3200 mL was drained from the attic. SH2 was not
checked. Pressures decreased at both holes; air flow and effective permeability remained fairly constant at
SH1 and SH2. Radon concentration increased at SH1 and remained constant at SH2. Indoor concentration
remained unchanged.
On day 514, no water was collected. Pressures increased significantly at SH1 and SH2; air flow
minimally increased at SH1 and SH2; and effective permeability decreased at SH1 and remained constant at
SH2. Since mid February radon concentration at SHI has increased with moderately constant slope while SH2
has remained steady. The indoor concentration rose but remained well below 4 pCi/L.
C-21
-------
Trends in Maior Parameters During System Operation
1. Pressure
a. General: Overall, the pressure is increasing with time by about 50 Pa. Pressure remained
about the same when the system was first operated with the fan speed on high and SH2
closed. When both valves were opened, pressure increased. During the summer pressure
stabilized, except for one brief period in July when the system was off and valves were closed.
In August, this same configuration caused no effect on pressure. If the November (day 315)
pressure decrease, which was probably caused by un-drained water in the attic trap, were
ignored, the pressure would be increasing at a fairty constant slope from September 1989
through March 1990.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: SH1 and SH2 behaved the same when measured at
both high and low fen speeds, and pressure readings were equal or nearly equal at alt but one
reading.
c. Fan Speed Variation: The seven readings taken with the fan operating at low speed show a
decrease of about 30 Pa.
2. Air Flow
a. General: Air flow decreased by about 1 cfm at SH1 over the period monitored. Air flow was
decreasing similarty at SH2 until day 325 when I began to increase. At the end of the year the
air flows at the two suction holes were about the same. From January to March 1990, flow at
SH1 continued to be in the 3-4 cfm range while flow decreased at SH2 to around 2 cfm
(excluding outlier in Feb.).
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Pressure readings at SH1 and SH2 were about equal
only in late December. Earlier in the year pressure at SH1 was consistently 1-1.5 cfm higher
than at SH2. The decreased air flow at SH1 on day 115 (un-drained attic trap) was only
slightly greater than other decreases; SH2 behaved similarly but did not decrease as much.
After draining the attic trap began (day 325), airflow decreased at SH1 and increased at SH2.
On day 355, the pressure was about equal at SH1 and SH2. In the 1990, SH2 returned to its
pre-December range difference with respect to SH1.
c. Fan Speed Variation: Overall, changes in fan speed had little or no effect on air flow at either
suction hole. The few readings taken with the fan operating at medium speed show the same
in air flow as when measured at high speed. Measurements at low speed showed the same
air flow as at high except on day 355, when the air flow decreased at SH1.
3. Effective Permeability
a. General: From May day 315 in November, effective permeability was decreasing. After the
attic trap was drained (day 325), effective permeability continued to decrease at SH1 but
increased sharply at SH2. Except for the outlier, SH1 returned to its pre-November range, and
SH2 remained in its normal range.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: SH1 and SH2 behaved similarly with effective
permeability at SH1 being about 0.3-0.5x10"11 m2 higher. However, after attic trap drainage
began, effective permeability at SH2 increased sharply. Continued data collection would be
necessary to determine whether the two suction holes resume their old pattern. However, it
C-22
-------
is improbable that water accumulation in the attic trap alone accounted for the similar behavior
for the first five months of operation. Except for the outlier, SH1 and SH2 returned to their pre-
November positions relative to one another, with effective permeability at SH1 being higher
than at SH2.
c. Fan Speed Variation: Effective permeability was only calculated for high fan speed.
4. Radon Concentration at Suction Holes
a. General: Radon concentrations at SH1 were less than at SH1, except on day 236 when the
concentration unexpectedly decreased sharply at SH2. Overall there is an increase in radon
concentrations at both suction holes over the time monitored.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior. Concentrations at SH1 and SH2 were seldom mirrored
one another and often diverged. Change of fan speed from high to low appears to cause
radon concentrations at SH1 to decrease while they increase at SH2 between visits. SH1 and
SH2 behave more similarly when fan speed was on high. The system being off with valves
closed sharply affects SH2 behavior as measured day 236, but data for SH1 are unavailable
day 195 for a comparison of the July system off, valves closed configuration. From January
to early March 1990, radon concentrations at SH1 returned to summer 1989 levels, and SH2
also returned to around summer 1989 levels.
c. Fan Speed Variation: The radon concentration at a suction hole was read before fan speed
was manipulated so that it would reflect the concentration at what had been steady-state
operation since the previous house visit
5. Indoor Radon Concentration
a. At-Ease: Indoor radon concentration was reduced to less than 4 pCi/L when the mitigation
system was operating at high or low fan speed with SH1 or both SH1 and SH2 open. Passive
mitigation was not adequate, though the lack of resolution in this graph does not illustrate the
dramatic increase during passive mitigation and the corresponding decrease to less than
4 pCi/L when the system was returned to the normal operating configuration At-Ease readings
were discontinued in November 1989.
b. E-Perm: The greater resolution of Figure C2-6 illustrates the effect on indoor radon
concentrations during passive vs active mitigation system operation. Data through December
further support the evaluation that indoor radon concentrations can be maintained below
4 pCi/L when the system is operated at low fan speed with both valves open, even though
during part of this period water had accumulated in the attic trap and was adversely affecting
other system operating parameters. E-Perm data remained well below 4 pCi/L from January
to early March 1990.
C-23
-------
Table C2-1. Characteristics, House 234789 (Ocala-2).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size
Slab & wall type
Return air
164 m2 (1760 ft2)
Slab on sealed stem wall; frame wall
construction
Overhead ducting in attic or false ceiling
and through the wall grill with no ducting
B.
Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension
Sub-slab communication
5.5 m (18 ft)
Good
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition No
Date began monitoring April 1989
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points
Suction pit diameters
#1
#2
Fan type
Date operation began
0.91 m (36 in)
0.84 m (33 in)
Fantech model R-150; 270 cfm, 2150
rpm, 1/20 hp
May 1989
C-24
-------
Table C2-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes House 234789 (Ocala-2)
1. Day 129: Began operating mitigation system.
2. Day 131: Reported no comment on water.
3. Day 142: Drained first water; 8 mL at SH1 and 2 mL at SH2.
4. Day 174: Reported SH1 and SH2 dry.
5. Day 179: Reported no comment on water.
6. Day 188: Reported SH1 and SH2 dry.
7. Day 195: Reported no comment on water.
8. Day 208: Reported no comment on water.
9. Day 222: Reported an unquantified small amount of water at SH1 and SH2.
10. Day 236: Reported SH1 or SH2 dry.
11. Day 250: Reported no comment on water.
12. Day 256: Reported no comment on water.
13. Day 271: Drained 20 mL water at SH1 and 10 mL at SH2.
14. Day 285: Drained 100 mL water at SH1; SH2 obstructed - couldn't check for water.
15. Day 299: Drained 240 mL at SH1; reported no comment on water at SH2.
16. Day 325: Drained 200 mL at SH1; could not check SH2 for water. Checked attic trap for first
time and drained 2500 mL.
17. Day 341: Drained 400 mL at SH1; could not check SH2; drained 700 mL at attic trap. Installed
drain line to attic trap.
18. Day 349. Drained 330 mL at SH1; could not check SH2; drained 1800 mL at attic trap.
19. Day 355: Drained 50 mL at SH1; could not check SH2; drained 6900 mL at attic trap.
20. Day 370: Drained 252 mL at SH1 and 2500 mL at the attic drain. Attic bottle was full (4000 mL)
day 361 and emptied. Total water for the period of 13 days was 252 mL at SH1 and
6500 mL at the attic.
21. Day 388: Drained 250 mL at SH1, 400 mL at SH2, and 4000 mL (overfilled) at the attic.
Patching cement was noted to be coming loose at SH2 and needed to be cleaned
and caulked. Need to install drain plug.
22. Day 411: Drained 230 mL at SH1,210 mL at SH2, and have no data on the attic. Put water
collection bottle under Dranger valve and asked homeowner to check and empty it
as necessary.
C-25
-------
23.
Day 426:
Drained 255 mL at SH1, 210 mL at SH2, and 2200 mL at the attic. There were no
unusual noises or surging.
24.
Day 480:
Drained 200 mL at SH1 and 3200 mL at the attic. SH2 was not checked for water.
25.
Day 514:
No water found in suction holes and attic.
26.
Day 616:
No water found in suction holes and attic.
27.
Day 628:
Reported no comments on water collection.
C-26
-------
Table C2-3. WATER COLLECTED - House 234789 (Ocala-2).
Julian
Collection
Suction Hole #1
Suction Hole #2
Attic
Date
Days
mL
mL/day
mL
mL/day
mL
mL/day
129
0
0
_
0
_
0
a r
142
13
8
<1
2
<1
ND
—
174
32
0
0
0
0
ND
—
188
14
0
0
0
0
ND
—
236
48
0
0
0
0
ND
—
271
35
20
<1
10
<1
ND
—
285
14
100
7
ND
—
ND
—
299
14
240
17
ND
—
ND
—
315
14
84
6
ND
—
ND
—
325
12
200
17
ND
—
1500
—
341
16
400
25
ND
—
7000
438
349
8
330
41
ND
—
1800
225
355
6
50
8
ND
—
6900
1150
370
13
252
19
ND
—
6500
500
388
18
250
14
400
13
4000
222
411
23
230
10
210
9
ND
—
426
15
225
15
210
14
2200
58
480
54
200
4
ND
—
3200
59
514
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
614
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
620
6
ND
—
ND
—
ND
—
628
8
ND
—
ND
—
ND
—
ND = No Data
C-27
-------
Table C2-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by Suction Hole and
Fan Speed - House 234789 (Ocala-2).
Julian
Visit
Suction Hole 1
Suction Hole 2
Date
Date
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
P
F
Eff Perm
P F
P
F
Eff Perm
P F
(Pa)
(cfm)
mA2*
(Pa) (cfm)
(Pa) (cfm)
mA2
(Pa) (cfm)
98
04/08/89
108
04/18/89
129
05/09/89
374
4.16
335 4.16
375
2.60
335 2.47
131
05/11/89
380
4.16
1.49
385
3.25
1.30
137
05/17/89
374
4.16
1.52
335 4.16
375
2.60
1.07
335 2.47
142
05/23/89
380
4.42
1.59
373
2.60
1.07
174
06/23/89
179
06/28/89
401
4.29
1.46
397
2.34
0.91
188
07/07/89
195
07/14/89
388
4.16
1.46
405
2.60
0.99
208
07/27/89
389
4.55
1.59
390
2.47
0.98
222
08/10/89
386
3.51
1.24
386
2.08
0.83
236
08/24/89
385
4.03
1.43
385
2.34
0.94
250
09/07/89
391
3.38
256
09/13/89
387
3.51
1.24
385
2.34
0.94
271
09/28/89
395
3.9
1.35
395
2.47
0.96
285
10/12/89
405
3.12
1.05
376 2.86
411
1.95 #
0.73
377 2.08 #
299
10/26/89
408
4.03
1.35
382 3.77
406
2.08
0.79
380 1.95
315
11/09/89
368
2.99
1.11
361
1.51
0.64
325
11/21/89
408
3.64
1.22
379 3.51
408
2.86 #
1.08
381 3.38 #
341
12/07/89
413
3.25
1.07
382 3.25
408
2.86
1.08
374 2.60
349
12/15/89
355
12/21/89
424
3.25
1.00
394 2.21
421
3.38
1.20
391 3.12
370
01/05/90
422
3.38
1.10
418
2.21
0.81
388
01/23/90
410
3.90
1.30
409
1.95
0.73
411
02/15/90
410
3.25
1.08
408
6.50
2.45
426
03/02/90
418
3.25
1.06
417
2.08
0.77
480
04/26/90
398
3.12
1.07
398
2.08
0.81
514
05/30/90
468
3.25
0.95
424
2.21
0.80
614
09/07/90
620
09/13/90
628
09/12/90
•X10M1
P = magnitude of negative pressure at suction hole relative to indoor ambient pressure.
# No obvious explanation for higher flow with lower pressure at low bn speed.
C-28
-------
t-
L
Fan
Hole #1 Ckxsedr-
Hole #2 Closed
VA V* Y/.
m:
500-
to
O-^
0)
w
D
CO
£ 400-
CL
0)
>
CO
05
o>
z
,—
r~
esu*
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
110 150 190 230 270 310 350
Day (Julian) 1989
M J | j | A | S
70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690
730
N
390 430
470 510 550 590 630 670 710
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J I J I A I S O N
~ Hole 1 HIGH D Hole 1 LOW
M
Hole 2 HIGH * Hole 2 LOW
Figure C2-1. Pressure At Suction Holes - House 234789 (Ocala-2).
C-29
-------
r
L
V/s.'/A '/*
Hole #2 Closed
s
u.
O
J
o
u.
10
9
8
7
6-
5-
4-
3-
2
1-
0
fr_
1 - -\" —t>rr - -S ¦ ¦ -
DC *"""
/ X
"S/
130 170 210 250 290 330
110 150 190 230 270 310 350
Day (Julian) 1989
m j|j|a|s O N 0
70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690
730
390 430
M
470 510 550 590 630 670
Day (Julian) 1990
M j J | J | A |S
710
D
-e- Hole 1 HIGH
Hole 2 HIGH
~ Hole 1 LOW
* Hole 2 LOW
ND - No Data
Figure C2-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes - House 234789 (Ocala-2).
C-30
-------
Fan
Hole #1 Ctosedj
Hote #2 Closed
2.50-
CM
<
E 2.00-
1—,
£> 1.50-
X>
CO
0)
E
w
0)
Q.
0)
>
o
CD
3=
1.00-
0.50-
0.00-
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
110 150 190 230 270 310 350
Day (Julian) 1989
M J I J | A | S 0 N D
^70 410 450
390 430
490 530 570 610 650 690 730
M
470
A
510 550 590
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J I J I A
630 670
710
D
-B- Hole 1 HIGH Hole 2 HIGH
Figure C2-3. Effective Permeability - House 234789 (Ocaia-2).
C-31
-------
Table C2-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 234789 (Ocala-2).
Julian
Visit
Suction Holes*
Indoors**
Date
Date
#1
#2
At-Ease
E-Perm
(pCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(pCi/L)
(pCi/L)
98
04/08/89
10.5
108
04/18/89
9.3
129
05/09/89
11.0
131
05/11/89
137
05/17/89
142
05/23/89
3.2
174
06/23/89
6450
10035
1.9
1.8
179
06/28/89
1998
8.4
188
07/07/89
4881
9305
4.1
2.5
195
07/14/89
16577
11.1
11.6
208
07/27/89
5025
7511
2.5
2.5
222
08/10/89
4890
6855
1.9
1.8
236
08/24/89
5495
2255
13.2
12.1
250
09/07/89
5264
7501
3.0
3.0
256
09/13/89
5010
6180
1.9
1.6
271
09/28/89
2583
5382
1.7
285
10/12/89
6609
7642
1.9
1.4
299
10/26/89
5373
8947
2.1
1.8
315
11/09/89
6112
8261
1.9
325
11/21/89
4961
10595
2.8
341
12/07/89
6448
8099
2.1
349
12/15/89
355
12/21/89
5244
8640
2.2
370
01/05/90
5698
7028
388
01/23/90
5149
6517
2.4
411
02/15/90
4843
7485
1.4
426
03/02/90
5216
7125
1.0
481
04/26/90
5917
7014
0.7
514
05/30/90
6753
6819
1.6
614
09/07/90
620
09/13/90
2.4
628
09/21/90
* Grab or sniff samples.
" Average concentration during time period precacSng visit.
C-32
-------
c
r .
VA&.V?
Hole #2 CJomk)
£
.9 «
£ *
<0 3
i: |
8 *=-
c
o
O
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
e
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
5
NC
'Ki
K ¥ f
cp Kin ^ ®
"S ^—~
-e- \f \ /
/ V V
1 & n
UJ
i i i m i r i i i i i i i i i m i i i ii i i i l
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
i i 1 i i i i i t vi i i I i i I I i i i I I i i i i i I i r I i I i
$70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690
110
M
150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A |S
310
N
350
0
390 430
M
470 510 550 590
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J j J | A | S
630 670
O N
71
D
-cr~ Hole 1 -5»c- Hole 2 ND ¦ No Dala
-Q- Sub-slab radon concentration at the 29 November 1988 diagnostic visit.
Figure C2-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes - House 234789 (Ocala-2).
C-33
-------
Fan
Hot# #1 Closodr
Hote #2 Closed
at
'/A '/, VA
O
3.
c
o
c
0)
o
c
o
o
c
o
¦o
TO
cr
30-
25-
20-
15-
AT-EASE
i I
u
10-
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
110 150 190 230 270 310
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A |S
70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
M
N
350
D
390 430
M
470
510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J I J | A |S
670
N
710
ND - No Data
Figure C2-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House 234789 (Ocala-2).
C-34
-------
'/A YA W.
¦« »1 Ctosed[~~
Hole»2Ctosadfy
E-PERM
11NDj ix
I M I II II 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 I I I I II I I I II
90 130 170 210 250 290 330 !
110
nrrmTTT
70 410 450
390 430
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 i l i
490 530 570 610 650 690 730
670 710
150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A |S
310
350
D
M
470 510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J | J | A |S
N
ND • No Dala
Figure C2-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration - House 234789 (Ocala-2).
C-35
t
-------
r.
L
APPENDIX C-3
House 234892
(Gainesville-1)
Narrative C-37
Table C3-1. Characteristics C-42
Table C3-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-43
Table C3-3. Water Collected C-44
Table C3-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-45
Figure C3-1. Pressure At Suction Holes C-46
Figure C3-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes C-47
Figure C3-3. Effective Permeability C-48
Table C3-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor C-49
Figure C3-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes C-50
Figure C3-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor C-51
Figure C3-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration C-52
L
C-36
-------
Mitigation of House 234892 (Gainesville-1)
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
Mitigation of house 234892 (Gainesvile-1) successfully lowered the indoor radon from concentrations
of around 17 pCi/L immediately before mitigation to less than 4 pCi/L during active mitigation with suction hole
1 (SH1) and suction hole 2 (SH2) valves open. Indoor radon concentrations exceeded 4 pCi/L when either
suction hole valve was closed or when fan speed was decreased to low. No measurements were taken at
medium fen speed. Passive mitigation (fan off/valves open) was unsuccessful during brief time it was tried in
October, resulting in an indoor radon concentration of around 24 pCi/L. The passive mitigation concentration
was higher than the 21.1 pCi/L detected by charcoal canister under closed-house conditions during the
diagnostic period in 1988; an alpha track during normal house activities in 1988 recorded 10.7 pCi/L.
Detailed Data by House Visit
The mitigation system was installed and began operating July 18,1989 (day 199). Figures C3-1
through C3-6 illustrate the pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon concentrations at suction holes
1 and 2 (SH1 and SH2) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the At Ease continuous monitor and
E-Perm integrating monitor. The system operated at high fan speed with both suction hole valves open (normal
operating configuration). Radon concentrations at suction holes were taken with the system in the configuration
it was in at the beginning of the visit. Pressure and air flow were measured with the system in normal
configuration (fan speed high and valves open).
On day 200, installation of the mitigation system was completed. Indoor radon increased from
15.8 pCi/L on day 199 to 23.3 pCi/L Initial pressure, flow, and suction hole radon concentrations were reported.
On day 202, indoor radon had decreased to less than 4 pCi/L and remained below until SH2 valve was
closed from day 236 to day 242, during which time indoor radon concentrations rose to 5.3 to 6.5 pCi/L. When
SH2 valve was reopened day 242, indoor radon concentrations decreased to below 4 pCi/L by day 256
On day 256, no comment on water was reported. Since day 200, pressure increased slightly at SH1
and SH2; air flow and effective permeability increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2; radon concentrations
increased drastically at SH1 but only slightly at SH2 due to dilution air entering through the crack in the garage
floor (near SH2); and indoor radon was maintained below 4 pCifl. except for the brief time described above.
On day 270, plugs at the suction hole traps were reported to be too tight to open to check for water.
Since day 256, pressure increased at SH1 and SH2; air flow and effective permeability decreased at SH1 and
increased at SH2; radon concentrations decreased at SH1 and increased slightly at SH2; indoor radon
decreased slightly. At the end of the visit the fan was left on high speed, SH1 valve was left open, and SH2
valve was closed.
On day 277, about 0.5 ml was drained at SH1 and none at SH2. Since day 270, pressure decreased
at SH1 and SH2; air flow remained the same at SH1 and decreased at SH2; effective permeability increased
slightly at SH1 and remained the same at SH2; radon concentrations rose sharply at SH1 and dropped slightly
at SH2; and indoor radon increased to greater than 4 pCi/L. At the end of the visit, the fan was left on high
speed, SH1 was closed, and SH2 was open. An audible air leak at the crack in the garage floor near SH2 was
reported. The increased noise level is probably due to SH1 valve being dosed.
On day 283, moisture was not present at SH1 or SH2. Since day 277, pressure increased at SH1 and
SH2; air flow increased slightly at SH1 and more sharply at SH2; effective permeability increased at SH1 and
SH2; radon concentrations decreased sharply at SH1 and increased slightly at SH2; indoor radon increased.
At the end of the visit, the system was returned to the normal operating configuration.
C-37
-------
On day 299,400 ml was drained at SH1; SH2 was reported to be empty. Since day 283, pressure was
about the same at SH1 artd decreased at SH2; air flow and effective permeability increased at SH1 and SH2;
radon concentrations increased at SH1 and decreased slightly at SH2; indoor radon decreased (as anticipated
with the system operating in the normal configuration) but remained above 4 pCi/L (4.4 pCi/L). The homeowner
is out of town; at the end of the visit, the system was turned off with valves open.
On day 307, about 1 ml was drained at SH1 and none at SH2. Since day 299 (under passive mitigation
configuration), pressure decreased slightly at SH1 and increased slightly at SH2; air flow remained constant
at SH1 and increased at SH2; effective permeability increased at SH1 and SH2; radon concentrations
decreased at SH1 and increased slightly at SH2; and indoor radon concentration increased significantly. The
homeowner remains out of town; at the end of the visit, the system was turned to low fan speed with valves
open.
On day 313, 30 ml was drained at SH1 and no water was found at SH2. Since day 307, pressure
increased at SH1 and SH2; air flow and effective permeability decreased at SH1 and SH2; radon
concentrations increased sharply at SH1 and slightly at SH2; indoor radon decreased but remained greater
than concentrations measured with fan speed at high with one (either) suction hole valve closed. The crack
in the garage floor was partially sealed with silicon compound between high and low fan speed measurements.
Part of crack under air conditioner not accessible. The homeowner remains out of town; at the end of the visit,
the fan was turned to high, SH1 valve was closed, and SH2 valve was left open.
On day 314, SH2 was reported to have no moisture, but no comment was made about moisture at
SH1. Cracks inside the air conditioner plenum and pipe penetrations were sealed, but the crack could not be
sealed along its entire length. After this additional sealing, and since day 313, pressure increased at SH1 and
SH2; air flow increased at SH1 and decreased significantly at SH2; effective permeability increased at SH1 and
decreased at SH2; and no radon concentration readings were taken. At the end of the visit, the system was
returned to the normal operating configuration.
On day 320,40 ml was drained at SH1, and SH2 was dry. The attic trap was checked for the first time,
and 330 ml was drained. Since day 314, pressure increased at SH1 and SH2; air flow increased significantly
at SH1 and increased at SH2; and effective permeability increased significantly at SH1 and decreased at SH2.
Since day 313, radon concentrations at increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2; indoor radon decreased
further but remained above 4 pCi/L. These changes were probably due to undrained water in the attic trap and
the effects of partially sealing the floor crack. The system remained in normal operating configuration.
On day 333,112 ml was drained at SH1; SH2 was dry, and 1500 ml was drained at the attic trap. Since
day 320, pressure decreased at SH1 and SH2; air flow and effective permeability decreased significantly at SH1
and increased significantly at SH2; radon concentrations increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2; indoor radon
concentration was reduced to less than 4 pCi/L. At the end of the visit, fan speed was reduced to low, and both
valves were left open.
On day 347,20 ml was drained at SH1; SH2 was dry; and the attic trap was not checked. A bubbling
noise from SH1 was reported. Since day 333, pressure at SH1 and SH2 decreased significantly; air flow and
effective permeability increased slightly at SH1 and decreased at SH2; radon concentrations increased at SH1
and SH2; and indoor radon again increased to greater than 4 pCi/L (see Figure C3-6). Due to averaging data
from day 333 through 361, Figure C3-5 is misleading. At the end of the visit, the sykem was returned to the
normal operating configuration.
On day 361, 200 ml was drained at SH1; SH2 was dry; and 4800 ml was drained at the attic trap. It
was reported that an attic trap drain should be installed (installed January 1990) and that the heating ventilation
and air conditioning system air return needs more seating. Since day 347, pressure increased at SH1 and SH2;
air flow decreased at SH1 and could not be measured at SH2; effective permeability decreased significantly
at SH1 and could not be calculated for SH2; radon concentrations decreased at SH1 and SH2; and indoor
C-38
-------
radon was again reduced to less than 4 pCi/L.
On day 375, 200 ml was drained at SH1, none at SH2, and 800 ml at the attic. Pressure decreased
slightty at SH1 and increased slightly at SH2. Air flow increased significantly at SH1 (perhaps due to reading
the wrong scale on the flow meter) and increased slightly at SH2. Effective permeability increased significantly
and was similar at SH1 and SH2. Radon concentrations at SH1 and SH2 increased. Indoor radon
concentration as measured by the At-Ease decreased from 12 to 0.5 pCi/L while it increased from 2.3 to 6.2
pCi/L as measured by the E-Perm. The house remained in the normal operating configuration.
On day 394,200 ml was drained at SH1, none at SH2, and 1100 ml at the attic. An attic trap drain was
installed. Pressure decreased at SH1 and SH2. Air flow decreased at SH1, returning to its normal range; air
flow at SH2 increased significantly (perhaps
due to reading the wrong scale on the flow meter). Effective permeability at SH1 decreased but remained a
little higher than usual, and at SH2 it increased significantly. Radon concentrations at SH1 and SH2 increased.
Indoor radon concentration as measured by the At-Ease increased slightly, and it decreased as measured by
the E-Perm. The two indoor radon measurements differ (0.6 pCi/L for the At-Ease and 5.2 pCi/L for the E-
Perm). The system remained in the normal operating configuration.
On day 395, no water was found to drain. The attic pipes were insulated. The HVAC plenum and
garage floor were caulked, as were the pipes to suction holes for better seal. Indoor radon concentrations were
similar with both instruments (5.4 vs 5.8 pCi/L for At-Ease and E-Perm respectively). The house remained in
normal operating configuration.
Day 403, checked attic for water and found none.
Day 419,111ml was drained at SH1 and none at SH2 or the attic. Pressure increased and was about
the same at SH1 and SH2. Air flow and effective permeability decreased at SH1 and SH2. Radon
concentrations increased at SH1 and SH2, and indoor radon concentrations decreased to below 4 pCi/L. The
house remained in normal operating configuration.
On Day 445, 200 mL was drained from SH1 and 80 mL from the attic (none from SH2). Pressure
decreased at holes 1 and 2. Air flow and effective permeability at SH1 remained fairly constant while SH2
increased. Radon concentration levels at both holes decreased. Indoor radon increased slightly but remained
below 4 pCi/L.
Trends in Major Parameters During System Operation
1. Pressure
a. General: Overall, the pressure is increasing, but because draining the attic trap and sealing
the garage floor crack were instituted near the end of 1989, the ongoing trend in uncertain.
Pressure was decreased at SH1 and SH2 when pressure was tested with the fan at low speed,
even when tested with SH2 valve closed. Pressure was decreasing at the end of 1989. In
January 1990, pressure at SH1 and SH2 decreased, in February it increased and in March
pressure levels decreased.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: SH1 and SH2 behaved the same when measured at
high fan speed with either suction hole valve closed from July to early October. In October
bote behavior diverged then returned to similar behavior in early November. In November and
December, the difference in pressures at SH1 and SH2 were about one-third the difference
from July to October. SH1 and SH2 behaved similarty from January through March 1990.
C-39
-------
c. Fan Speed Variation: Pressure measured at low fan speed was about 50 Pa lower than
pressure measured at high speed in October and November for each suction hole. In
December, the pressures at high and low fan speeds were nearly equal for each suction hole.
2. Air Flow
a. General: Air flow was essentially constant, regardless of valve configuration or fan speed at
SH1 except at day 320 when it increased. Air flow at SH2 was greatly affected by system
configuration, crack sealing, and/or water in the attic trap. Additional data into 1990 would be
needed to determine the normal behavior of the system with the crack sealed and the attic
trap continuously drained. Two anomalies make air flow more difficult to assess. If the
anomalies were ignored, air flow would have remained in the normal range for SH1, and SH2
would have ranged higher and lower.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Pressure readings at SH1 and SH2 were about equal
only on day 320, when both had changed drastically. SH1 and SH2 do not behave similarly
in 1990, again due to air leaks.
c. Fan Speed Variation: Overall, changing fan speed from high to low resulted in little or no
change at SH1 and increased pressure at SH2.
3. Effective Permeability
a. General: Effective permeability varied greatly with pressure and air flow but was decreasing
at both suction holes at the end of 1989. Effective permeability was more erratic in 1990, due
in part to the anomalies.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior SH1 and SH2 behaved quite differently except from late
September to late October when they both increased, with SH2 increasing more steeply.
Additional data in 1990 would be helpful in evaluating suction hole behavior. SH1 and SH2
generally did not behaved similarly in 1989 and in 1990 they did not behave similarly either.
c. Fan Speed Variation: Effective permeability was only calculated for high fan speed.
4. Radon Concentration at Suction Holes
a. General: Radon concentrations at SH2 were significantly lower than at SH1 due to dilution air
entering the suction hole via the garage floor crack. Radon concentration at SH2 increased
in November and December and could be due to more than one factor (e.g., seasonal
changes, sealing the garage floor crack, and the presence or absence of water in the attic
trap). Radon concentration at SH1 was extremely variable and responded to system
configuration. If averaged, the radon concentration appears to have increased over the six-
month monitoring period at both suction holes. In 1990, radon concentrations continued to
rise at both suction holes and were much higher at SH1 than SH2.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Concentrations at SH1 and SH2 seldom mirrored one
another and usually were radically different Changes in system configuration greatly affected
the radon concentration at SH1 but had little or no effect on SH2. SH1 and SH2 behaved
similarly in 1990.
c. Fan Speed Variation: The radon concentration at a suction hole was read before fan speed
was manipulated so that it would reflect the concentration at what had been steady-state
operation since the previous house visit Changes in system configuration greatly affected the
C-40
-------
radon concentration at SH1 but had little or no effect on SH2.
Indoor Radon Concentration
a. Al-Ease: indoor radon concentration was reduced to less than 4 pCi/L when the mitigation
system was operating at high fan speed with both suction valves open. The Al-Ease data in
December would indicate that mitigation was also successful with fan speed at low, however
this is contradicted by the E-Perm data for the same period which show that indoor radon
concentration increases to greater than 4 pCi/L at low fan speed and decreases to less than
4 pCi/L when operation at high speed is resumed. Closing either suction hole valve causes
indoor radon concentrations to exceed 4 pCi/L, even at high fan speed. Passive mitigation is
equally unsuccessful. Except when read on day 395, radon concentrations were well below
4 pCi/L as recorded by the At-Ease, but Al-Ease and E-Perm measurements do not correlate
well in most cases.
b. E-Perm: No E-Perm data are available from day 242 to 299 to evaluate the resolution of data
when system configuration is changed to one valve closed and fan speed high or when
passive mitigation was tested. These data would have been useful in cross comparing with
At-Ease data of the same period. E-Perm radon concentrations tended to be higher than
those measured by the At-Ease, sometimes by a factor of 10, and generally showed indoor
concentrations to exceed 4 pCi/L.
-------
Table C3-1. Characteristics, House 234892 (Gainesville-1).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size
Slab & wall type
Return air
B. Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension
Sub-slab communication
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition
Date began monitoring
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points
Suction pit diameters
#1
#2
Fan type
Date operation began
164 m2 (1760 ft2)
Slab on sealed stem wall; frame wall
construction
Through the wall grill with no ducting
0.3 m (1 ft)
Poor
Yes
June 1989
2
0.91 m (36 in)
0.84 m (33 in)
Fantech model R-150; 270 cfm, 2150
rpm, 1/20 hp
July 1989
C-42
-------
Table C3-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes House 234892 (Gainesville-1)
Began operating mitigation system.
Reported no comment on water.
Reported plugs too tight to open to check for water.
Reported about 0.5 mL at SH1 and none at SH2. Reported an audible air leak at SH2
crack in garage floor. Probable due to SH1 valve being closed.
Reported moisture not present at SH1 and SH2.
Drained 400 mL at SH1; SH2 empty. Homeowner out of town; turned system off with
valves open.
Reported about 1 mL at SH1 and no water at SH2. Homeowner out of town; turned
system on low with valves open.
Drained 30 mL at SH1; found no water at SH2. Sealed part of crack in garage floor with
silicon compound between high and low fan speed measurements. Part or crack under
air conditioner not accessible. Homeowner out of town; turned fan to high, closed SH1
valve, and left SH2 valve open.
Reported no moisture at SH2 but no comment on SH1. Sealed cracks inside air
conditioner plenum and pipe penetrations. Crack not totally sealed along its length. Left
fan on high with both valves open.
Drained 40 mL at SH1, and SH2 was dry. Checked attic trap for the first time; drained 330
mL.
Drained 112 mL at SH1; SH2 was dry; and drained 1500 mL at attic trap.
Drained 20 mL at SH1; SH2 was dry; and did not check attic trap. Reported bubbling
noise from SH1.
Drained 200 mL at SH1; SH2 was dry; and drained 4800 mL at attic trap. Reported that
system needs attic trap drain (installed January 1990) and that heating ventilation and air
conditioning system air return needs more sealing.
At no time has water been found in SH2. Air is drawn through the crack in the garage
floor in preference no through the soil.
Drained 200 mL at SH1, none at SH2, and 800 mL at the attic.
Drained 200 mL at SH1, none at SH2, and 1100 mL at the attic. Installed attic drain.
Found no water to be drained. Insulated attic pipes; caulked HVAC plenum and garage
floor; and caulked pipes into suction holes.
Found no water in attic trap.
Found and drained 111 mL at SH1 but none at SH2 or the attic trap.
Drained 200 mL at SH1; SH2 was dry; and 80 mL was drained from the attic trap.
1.
Day 200:
2.
Day 256:
3.
Day 270:
4.
Day 277:
5.
Day 283:
0.
Day 299:
7.
Day 307:
8.
Day 313:
9.
Day 314:
10.
Day 320:
11.
Day 333:
12.
Day 347:
13.
Day 361:
14.
15.
Day 375:
16.
Day 394:
17.
Day 395:
18.
Day 403:
19.
Day 419:
20.
Day 446:
C-43
-------
Table C3-3. WATER COLLECTED - House 234892 (Gainesville-1).
Julian
Collection
Suction Hole #1
Suction Hole #2
Attic
Date
Days
mL
ml/day
mL
mL/day
mL mL/day
277
0.5
0
ND
_
283
6
0
0
0
0
ND
—
299
16
400
25
0
0
ND
—
307
8
1
<1
0
0
ND
—
313
6
30
5
0
0
ND
—
320
7
40
6
0
0
330
—
333
13
112
9
0
0
1500
115
347
14
20
1
0
0
ND
—
361
14
200
14
0
0
4800
171
375
14
200
14
0
0
800
57
394
19
200
11
0
0
1100
58
395
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
403
8
ND
—
—
—
ND
—
419
16
111
46
0
0
0
0
446
27
200
7
0
0
80
0
ND = No Data
C-44
-------
Table C3-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by Suction Hole and
Fan Speed - House 234892 (Gainesville-1).
Julian
Visit
Suction Hole 1
Suction Hole 2
Date
Date
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
P
F
Eff Perm
P
F
P
F
Eff Perm
P F
(Pa)
(cfm)
mA2*
(Pa)
(cfm)
(Pa)
(cfm)
mA2
(Pa) (cfm)
168
06/17/89
173
06/22/89
187
07/07/89
92
07/11/89
199
07/18/89
1.00
200
07/19/89
369
2.60
0.96
325
23.40
1.08
202
07/21/89
206
07/25/89
214
08/02/89
221
08/09/89
236
08/24/89
242
08/30/89
243
08/31/89
256
09/13/89
372
3.25
1.19
330
20.80
0.94
262
09/19/89
270
09/27/89
383
2.08
0.74
337
23.40
1.04
277
10/04/89
367
2.08
0.77
312
1.82
328
22.88
1.04
278 20.80
283
10/10/90
384
2.21
0.78
334
25.48
1.14
299
10/26/89
386
2.34
0.83
339
2.29
306
26.00
1.27
270 24.70
307
11/03/89
385
2.34
0.84
310
28.60
1.38
313
11/09/89
422
1.95
0.63
329
1.56
356
18.20 #
0.76
245 28.60 #
314
11/10/89
426
2.47
0.79
413
11.70
0.42
320
11/16/89
434
7.80
2.45
422
10.40
0.37
333
11/29/89
430
2.21
0.70
412
22.75
0.82
347
12/13/89
390
2.34 #
0.82
386
3.25 #
363
12.74
0.52
364 11.70
361
12/27/89
422
2.08
0.07
373
1.82
392
344
375
01/10/90
419
16.90
5.50
372
11.70
400
14.30
5.30
394
01/29/90
397
3.90
1.34
384
24.70
9.60
395
01/30/90
403
02/07/90
419
02/23/90
444
1.56
0.48
436
8.84
3.03
*x10**11
P = magnitude of negative pressure at suction hole relative to indoor ambient pressure.
* No obvious explanation for higher fk>w with lower pressure at low fan speed.
C-45
-------
r
&
Closed [" " ' ' |
#2 Closed I B I
Figure C3-1. Pressure At Suction Holes - House 234892 (Gainesville-1).
C-46
-------
V
Hot* 11 Closod
Hole 12 Closed
I
1
...,
I
I ¦ 1 1
M I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I II 1 I 1 I 1 111
90 1 30 170 210 250 290 330 ;
M i li M I'l l
70 410 460
110 150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
| J j A |S
310 350 390 430
M
M
l i i l l i l
490 530
470 510 550
i i i ( M li l i i i l i i i
570 610 650 690
730
590
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J | J I A
-B- Hole 1 HIGH
Hole 2 HIGH
~ Hole 1 LOW
* Hole 2 LOW
630 670 710
ND - No Data
Figure C3-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes - House 234892 (Gainesville-1).
C-47
-------
r
%
#1 Closed | | | |
"2Cl0Sed I ¦ ¦ I
I
Figure C3-3. Effective Permeability - House 234892 (Gainesville-1).
C-48
-------
Table C3-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 234892 (Gainesville-1).
Julian
Visit
Suction Holes*
Indoors**
Date
Date
#1
#2
At-Ease
E-Perm
(pCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(pCi/L)
(pCi/L)
168
06/17/89
13.3
9.6
173
06/22/89
6.5
3.8
187
07/07/89
18.0
9.0
192
07/11/89
15.2
ND
199
07/18/89
15.8
ND
200
07/19/89
126
133
23.3
ND
202
07/21/89
3.2
Deployed
206
07/25/89
1.8
3.4
214
08/02/89
2.5
2.6
221
08/09/89
2.7
2.5
236
08/24/89
2.1
2.1
242
08/30/89
6.3
6.1
Removed
243
08/31/89
4.7
256
09/13/89
14213
812
2.6
262
09/19/89
3.1
270
09/27/89
12193
787
2.9
277
10/04/89
22141
308
4.9
283
10/10/90
7338
986
6.8
299
10/26/89
11945
346
4.4
Deployed
307
11/03/89
8187
598
24.0
18.9
313
11/09/89
19965
958
9.2
7.8
314
11/10/89
11.0
320
11/16/89
14727
2921
6.6
5.4
333
11/29/89
15539
2552
2.8
3.5
347
12/13/89
22118
3114
4.6
361
12/27/89
14250
1620
1.2
2.3
375
01/10/90
17718
2252
0.5#
6.2
394
01/29/90
19235
2699
0.6#
5.2
395
01/30/90
5.4
5.8
403
02/07/90
419
02/23/90
20498
4810
1.63
3.27
' Grab or sniff samples.
" Average concentration during time period preceding vis#.
# At-Ease data for day 361 -375 and day 375-394 are suspect.
C-49
-------
«o)e # I Closed | | | |
Hole #2 Closed I B 1 1
-E3- Hole 1 -*r- Hote 2
-0- Sub-slab radon concentration al the 28 November 1988 diagnostic visit.
Figure C3-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes - House 234892 (Gainesviiie-1).
C-50
-------
r
#1 Closed
.x>le #2 Ctos«d
¦3* 0
X
o
3
c
o
c
V
o
i.
s
o
c
o
¦o
10
a.
30-
25-
20-
15-
10-
AT-EASE
r
—R-tt-
->
90 130
110
M
170 210 250
150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
J | J | A | S
290 330
310
N
350
70 410 450
390 430
M
490 530 570 610 650 690 730
470 510 550 590 630 670 .710
Day (Julian) 1990
M J J | J
# Data for day 361 - 394 are suspect
Figure C3-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House 234892
(Gainesville-1)
C-51
-------
9 \ Ck*6d
-oie §7 CtO*©d
I IZ 0 1
IH
1 1
-1
cz
¦ 1
1
ND - No Data
Figure C3-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration - House 234892
(Gainesville-1)
C-52
-------
APPENDIX C-4
House 235001
(GainesviIle-2)
Narrative . C-54
Table C4-1. Characteristics C-57
Table C4-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-58
Table C4-3. Water Collected C-59
Table C4-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-60
-Figure C4-1. Pressure At Suction Holes C-61
Figure C4-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes C-62
Figure C4-3. Effective Permeability C-63
Table C4-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor C-64
Figure C4-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes C-65
Figure C4-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor C-66
Figure C4-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration C-67
C-53
-------
Mitigation of House 235001 (Gainesville-2)
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
The success of mitigation of house 235001 (Gainesville-2) is difficult to assess due to the limited data
on indoor radon concentrations and the very brief monitoring period since the system was determined to be
successful. With these limited data, mitigation seems to be marginally successful in lowering the indoor radon
from concentrations of greater than 25 pCi/L immediately before mitigation to less than 4 pCi/L in the normal
system operation configuration. Figures C4-5 and C4-6 show concentrations below 4 pCi/L the second half
of November. This could be due to the system and/or seasonal variations. Passive mitigation appears to have
been beneficial though inadequate. A charcoal canister measured 41.5 pCi/L under closed-house conditions
- this house in 1988. This system has two suction holes but no valves that can be closed.
detailed Data bv House Visit
The mfligation system was installed and began operating passively October 10,1989 (day 286). The
system was not wired for active mitigation at first and did not begin active operation until November 16 (day
320). Figures C4-1 through C4-6 illustrate the pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon
concentrations at suction holes 1 and 2 (SH1 and SH2) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the
At Ease continuous monitor and E-Perm integrating monitor.
On day 286, the mitigation system was installed, except for completion of electrical wiring, and began
passive operation. Power was temporarily supplied to the system to permit measurement of radon
concentrations at SH1 and SH2. At the end of the visit, the system was operating passively.
On day 310, temporary power was again used for testing the system. Since day 286, radon
concentrations decreased at SH1 and increased significantly at SH2. Initial pressure and air flow
measurements were taken. At the end of the visit, the system was operating passively.
On day 320, electrical wiring was completed, and active system operation began with the fan at high
speed. Since day 310, all parameters decreased, at SH1 and SH2 and indoors. At the end of the visit, the
system was left in the normal operating configuration.
On day 333, the attic trap was checked for the first time, and 2200 ml was drained from the attic trap.
SH1 and SH2 have no traps to collect water. Since day 320, pressure and radon concentrations decreased
at SH1 and SH2; air flow and effective permeability increased at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon decreased
to less than 4 pCi/L. At the end of the visit, fan speed was changed too low.
On day 347, no comment on water in attic trap was reported. Since day 333, pressure increased at
SH1 and SH2; air flow increased at SH1 and decreased significantly at SH2; effective permeability and radon
concentrations increased at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon concentration also increased, exceeding 4 pCi/L.
At the end of the visit, the system was returned to the normal operating configuration.
On day 361,4000 ml was drained from the attic trap. A gurgling sound and the need to install drain
from attic trap were reported. (The drain was installed in January 1990.) Since day 347, pressure increased
at SH1 and decreased at SH2; air flow and effective permeability increased at SH1 and SH2; radon
concentrations decreased at SH1 and SH2; and indoor radon, as shown on Figure C4-5, appears to have
remained constant at low and high fan speeds throughout December. In all likelihood, this is misleading due
to averaging of what should have been a higher concentration at low fan speed with a lower concentration at
high fan speed. This has been seen on other graphs of At-Ease data. At the end of the visit, the system
remained in the normal operating configuration.
C-54
-------
On day 375,2200 ml was drained from the attic trap. Pressure decreased at SH1 and SH2, and air
flow and effective permeability decreased slightly at SH1 and increased slightly at SH2. Radon concentrations
increased at SH1 and SH2 and decreased indoors to less than 4 pCi/L. The system remained in the normal
operating configuration.
On day 390,1380 ml was drained at the attic trap, and a drain was installed. Pressure, air flow, and
effective permeability increased slightly at SH1 and decreased slightly at SH2. Radon concentrations increased
at SH1 and SH2 but remained below 4 pCi/L indoors. The system remained in the normal operating
configuration.
On day 398,600 ml was drained at the attic drain. Pressure decreased at SH1 and increased slightly
at SH2. Air flow increased at SH1 and increased slightly at SH2. Effective permeability increased at SH1 and
SH2. Radon concentrations decreased at SH1, SH2, and indoors.
On day 418,2200 ml was drained from the attic drain. At SH1, pressure remained constant while air
flow and effective permeability decreased. At SH2, pressure decreased while air flow and effective permeability
increased. Radon concentrations increased at SH1 and decreased at SH2; the indoor radon concentration
increased but remained below 4 pCi/L
On day 445,4500 mL was drained from the attic drain. Only SH2 was checked. Pressure, flow and
effective permeability values decreased for SH2. Radon concentration decreased minimally as well as indoor
radon concentrations.
On day 486 only At-ease monitor was checked. A minor decrease in indoor radon concentrations was
noticed.
Trends in Major Parameters During System Operation
1. Pressure
a. General: Overall, the pressure decreased then rose to less than the original level at SH1 and
remained about constant at SH2. In January and February 1990, pressure continued to
decrease at the same rate at SH1 and SH2.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior SH1 and SH2 behaved similarly at both high and low fan
speeds. At low speed, the pressures SH1 and SH2 were about equal. SH1 and SH2 behaved
similarly with SH1 lower than SH2.
c. Fan Speed Variation: Pressure measured at low fan speed was lower than pressure
measured at high speed, but differences by suction hole were eliminated at low speed.
2. Air Flow
a. General: Air flow showed a general increasing trend with time.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Air flow was less at SH2 than at SH1. The higher air
flow at SH1 is probably due to its proximity to the foundation (about 3 feet).
c. Fan Speed Variation: Overall, changing fan speed from high to low resulted in lower air flow
at both suction holes.
C-55
-------
r<
L
3. Effective Permeability
a. General: Effective permeability showed a general increasing trend.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: SH1 and SH2 behaved similarly through January 1990.
Then, a higher value was calculated for SH2.
4. Radon Concentration at Suction Holes
a. General: Radon concentrations at SH1 were consistently lower than at SH2. This is probably
due to dilution air because SH1 is about 3 ft from the foundation. Radon concentrations in
January and February 1990 remained consistent with late-December 1989 concentrations at
SH1 and SH2.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Concentrations at SH1 are lower than at SH2.
Concentrations decreased at SH1 after normal operation began and increased slightly when
the fan was operating at low speed. Radon concentrations at SH2 varied greatly in response
to fan speed, while SH1 remained fairly constant after the initial decrease when system
operation began. In 1990, SH1 and SH2 behaved similarly with SH1 remaining consistently
lower than SH2.
c. Fan Speed Variation: The radon concentration at a suction hole was read before fan speed
was manipulated so that it would reflect the concentration at what had been steady-state
operation since the previous house visit.
5. Indoor Radon Concentration
a. At-Ease: With these limited data, mitigation seems to be marginally successful in lowering the
indoor radon from concentrations of greater than 25 pCi/L immediately before mitigation to
less than 4 pCi/L in the normal system operation configuration. Figures C4-5 and C4-6
present different views of the radon concentrations during passive mitigation., but unfortunately
data from both are not always available for comparison. January and February 1990 data
indicate that mitigation was successful in maintaining indoor radon concentrations below 4
pCi/L.
b. E-Perm: Radon concentrations recorded by the E-Perm correlate well with those recorded
by the At-Ease.
C-56
-------
Table C4-1. Characteristics, House 235001 (Gainesville-2).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size
Slab & wall type
Return air
194 m2 (2087 ft2)
Floating slab; concrete block wall
construction
Overhead ducting in attic or false ceiling
B. Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension
Sub-slab communication
0.3 m (1 ft)
Poor
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition
Date began monitoring
Yes
October 1989
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points
Suction pit diameters
#1
#2
Fan type
0.91 m (36 in)
0.52 m (20 in)
Fantech model R-150; 270 cfm, 2150
rpm, 1/20 hp
Date operation began
November 1989
C-57
-------
t:
Table C4-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes House 235001 (Gainesville-2)
1.
Day 286:
System operated passively until electrical wring installed.
2.
Day 320:
Began active system operation.
3.
Day 333:
Drained 2200 mL from attic trap. SH1 and SH2 have no traps to collect water.
4.
Day 349:
Reported no comment on water in attic trap.
5.
Day 361:
Drained 4000 mL from attic trap. Reported gurgling sound; need to install drain from attic
trap. (Was installed in January 1990).
6.
Day 375:
Drained 2200 mL at the attic trap.
7.
Day 390:
Drained 1380 mL at the attic trap.
8.
Day 398:
Drained 600 mL at the attic trap.
9.
Day 418:
Drained 2200 mL at the attic trap.
10.
Day 445:
Drained 4500 mL at the attic trap.
C-58
-------
Table C4-3. WATER COLLECTED - House 235001 (Gainesville-2).
Julian
Collection
Suction Hole #1
Suction Hole #2
Attic
Date
Days
mL
mL/day
mL
mL/day
mL mL/day
310
_
ND
u r
ND
.
ND
.
333
23
ND
—
ND
—
2200
96
347
14
ND
—
ND
—
ND
—
361
28
ND
—
ND
—
4000
143
375
14
ND
—
ND
—
2200
157
390
15
ND
—
ND
—
1380
92
398
8
ND
—
ND
—
600
75
418
20
ND
—
ND
—
2200
110
445
37
ND
—
ND
—
4500
122
486
31
ND
—
ND
—
ND
_
ND = No Data
C-59
-------
Table C4-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by Suction Hole and
Fan Speed - House 235001 (Gainesville-2).
Julian
Visit
Suction Hole 1
Suction Hole 2
Date
Date
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
P
F
Eff Perm
P F
P
F
Eff Perm
P F
(Pa)
(cfm)
mA2*
(Pa) (cfm)
(Pa)
(cfm)
mA2
(Pa) (cfm)
202
07/21/89
238
08/26/89
240
08/28/89
248
09/05/89
258
09/15/89
264
09/21/89
265
09/22/89
286
10/13/89
310
11/06/89
303
27.50
1.46
313
17.60
1.60
320
11/16/89
279
24.20
1.40
310
15.40
1.42
333
11/29/89
257
27.50
1.72
303
19.80
1.86
347
12/13/89
270
29.15
1.74
38 5.83
318
17.60
1.58
45 3.41
361
12/27/89
275
33.00
1.90
53 12.10
308
18.70
1.70
57 4.40
•X10M1
P = magniude of negative pressure at suction hole relative to indoor ambient pressure.
C-60
-------
Figure C4-1. Pressure At Suction Holes - House 235001 (Gainesville-2).
C-61
-------
Fan
I
HoK
# l Closed |
•-I
Hole
02 Closed (
'I
40-
36-|
32-
28
Z 24
O
| *H
t 16
<
12-
8
4-
0-
1
'¦A
3*
V
*/v
V;
~ ,
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
110 150 190 230 270 310
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A IS
M
N
350
D
70 410 450
390 430
M
-0- Hole 1 HIGH
Hole 2 HIGH
490 530 570 610 650 690 730
470 510 550 590 630 670 710
Oay (Julian) 1990
M | J | J | A | S O N
ND-No Data
~ Hole 1 LOW
* Hole 2 LOW
Figure C4-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes - House 235001 (Gainesville-2).
C-62
-------
I
L
Fan
Bote # 1 Closed
Hote #2 Closed
30.00-
iu
t- 20.00-
&
1 15 00-
E
0- 10.00:
I
fc 5 00-
UJ
0 00-
/
• J Vl
90 130 170 210 250 290 330 :
110 150 190 230 270 310 350
I Day (Julian) 1989
M J I J I A I S O N D
70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
390 430
M
470 510 550 590
Day (Julian) 1990
M
630 670 710
Hole 1 HIGH -H- Hole 2 HIGH
Figure C4-3. Effective Permeability - House 235001 (Gainesville-2).
C-63
-------
Table C4-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 235001 (Gainesville-2).
Julian
Visit
Suction Holes*
Indoors"
Date
Date
#1
#2
At-Ease
E-Perm
(pCi/L)
(pCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(PCi/L)
202
07/21/89
21.0
19.5
238
08/26/89
27.0
26.6
240
08/28/89
20.9
32.4
248
09/05/89
28.6
24.5
258
09/15/89
27.1
20.1
264
09/21/89
32.5
265
09/22/89
31.3
286
10/13/89
3150
126
29.0
310
11/06/89
2027
11195
30.4
16.0
320
11/16/89
359
1801
4.4
4.7
333
11/29/89
321
1461
3.4
2.6
347
12/13/89
637
7566
361
12/27/89
241
1383
10.7
375
01/10/90
279
1587
3.0
3.9
390
01/25/90
332
1676
3.0
3.2
398
02/07/90
267
1582
1.8
418
02/22/90
286
1524
2.6
2.3
* Grab or sniff samples.
" Average concentration during time period preceding visit.
C-64
-------
r
Fan
Ho*o #1 Closed
Hoh #2 Closed
s
c
o
•¦a
to
%—
c
®
O
c
o
O
TJ
c
c
«
3
o
X
I I I I ! I I 1 1 I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
1 l 1 I 1 \ i I i I I M i i i ri I 1 i ) I i i i t i i i i i i i i i
70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
110 150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
M J | j | A | S
310
N
350
390 430
F
M
470
A
510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J I J I A |S
670
710
-cr* Hole 1 -r-r- Hole 2
-©- Sub-slab radon concenHalion at the 30 November 1988 diagnoslic visit
Figure C4-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes - House 235001 (Gainesville-2).
C-65
-------
AT-EASE
Lr-I
iJ
I J
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
110 150 190 230 270 310 350
Day (Julian) 1989
M J I J t A | S 0 N
70
410 4 50 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
390 430
M
470 510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J | J I A |S
670
710
Figure C4-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House 235001
(Gainesvi!le-2).
C-66
-------
E-PERM
Lr
i i i i ii i i i i
90 130 170
1 I l I I I 1 II I I I I I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i l
410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
110 150
i i i I i M m i i
210 250 290
190 230 270 310
M
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A |S
i i i i i
330 ;
350
D
TT
70
390 430
M
470
A
510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J | J I A |S
670
710
Figure C4-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration - House 235001
(Gainesviffe-2).
C-67
-------
I *
APPENDIX C-5
House 235062
(Gainesville-3)
Narrative C-69
Table C5-1. Characteristics C-71
Table C5-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-72
Table C5-3. Water Collected C-73
Table C5-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-74
Figure C5-1. Pressure At Suction Hole C-75
Figure C5-2. Air Flow At Suction Hole C-76
Figure C5-3. Effective Permeability C-77
Table C5-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor C-78
Figure C5-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Hole C-79
Figure C5-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor C-80
Figure C5-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration C-81
C-68
-------
i:
Mitigation of House 235062 (Gainesville-3)
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
Mitigation of house 235062 (Gainesville-3) appears to be successful, though limited data are available
due to the very brief monitoring period since mitigation. Indoor radon concentrations were recorded since mid-
July and averaged around 10 pCi/L. Passive mitigation (from the time the system was installed and awaiting
electrical wiring) resulted in a slight decrease, and active mitigation immediately reduced indoor radon
concentrations to around 2 pCi/L. A charcoal canister measured 38.1 pCi/L under closed-house conditions in
this house in 1988. This system has a single suction hole with a valve.
Detailed Data by House Visit
The mitigation system was installed and began operating passively October 27,1989 (day 300). The
system was not wired for active mitigation at first and did not begin active operation until November 10 (day
310). Figures C5-1 through C5-6 illustrate the pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon
concentrations at the suction hole (SH1) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the At Ease
continuous monitor and E-Perm integrating monitor.
On day 300, the mitigation system was installed, except for completion of electrical wiring, and began
passive operation. Power was temporarily supplied to the system to permit measurement of pressure, air flow,
and radon concentrations at SH1. Soil in the pit was reported to be dry. At the end of the visit, the system was
operating passively.
On day 306, temporary power was used for testing the system. Soil in the pit was reported to be moist.
Since day 300, radon concentrations decreased at SH1, and indoor radon decreased slightly. At the end of
the visit, the system was operating passively.
On day 310, electrical wiring was completed. Mitigation in the normal configuration began. Soil in the
pit was reported to be moist. Since day 306, radon concentrations decreased at SH1, and indoor radon
increased slightly. Since day 300, pressure, air flow, and effective permeability decreased. At the end of the
visit, the system was operating in the normal configuration.
On day 348, the soil was reported to be wet, and 200 ml was drained from the pit. Since day 310,
Pressure increased, and air flow and effective permeability decreased; radon concentrations at SH1 increased
slightly; and indoor radon concentrations decreased to between 1.6 and 2.0 pCi/L. At the end of the visit, the
system was left in the normal operating configuration.
On day 369, 200 ml was drained at SH1. Pressure decreased slightly, and air flow and effective
permeability increased slightly. Suction hole and indoor radon concentrations decreased. The house remained
in normal operating configuration.
On day 381, 150 ml was drained at SH1. Pressure and air flow increased slightly, and effective
permeability increased. Suction hole radon decreased. Indoor radon as measured by the At-Ease decreased
to 0.78 pCi/L but it increased as measured by the E-Perm to 1.6 pCi/L. The house remained in normal
operating configuration.
On day 417, 170 ml was drained at SH1. Pressure decreased slightly, and air flow and effective
permeability increased. Suction hole radon concentration increased. Indoor radon concentration increased
as measured by the At-Ease and decreased as measured by the E-Perm, but the two correlated well (1.33 vs
1.3 pCi/L). The house remained in normal operating configuration.
C-69
-------
Trends in Major Parameters During System Operation
1. Pressure
a. General: Over the brief period of active operation, the pressure increased. Pressure varied
slightly in January and February 1990 but remained consistent with the 1989 pressure.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Not applicable.
c. Fan Speed Variation: Pressure measured at low fan speed on day 348 was only 1.4 Pa.
However, the fan was nearly stalled at this speed.
2. Air Flow
a. General: Air flow decreased. Air flow increased since December 1989, returning to the air
flows measured in October and November 1989.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Not applicable.
c. Fan Speed Variation: With the fan nearly stalled at low fan speed, there was no air flow.
3. Effective Permeability
a. General: Effective permeability decreased. Effective permeability has increased since
December 1989, returning to the effective permeabilities measured in October and November
1989.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Not applicable.
4. Radon Concentration at Suction Holes
a. General: Radon concentration decreased significantly during passive mitigation and increased
slightly when the system was operating in the normal configuration. Suction hole radon has
varied slightly but remains consistent with concentrations since early Nov. 1989.
b. Comparative Suction Hole Behavior: Not applicable.
c. Fan Speed Variation: Not applicable.
5. Indoor Radon Concentrations
Figures C5-5 and C5-6 are virtually identical, showing the variations in indoor radon concentration
before mitigation, during passive mitigation, and during active mitigation. Active mitigation decreased
indoor radon from an average concentration of 10 pCi/L before to around 2 pCi/L during active
mitigation.
a. AT-Ease: In 1990, radon concentrations measured by the At-Ease showed a decrease at the
beginning of January and then returned to the concentration measured since early November
1989 (less than 2 pCi/L).
b. E-Perm: Radon concentrations measured by the E-Perm increased slightly at the beginning
of January then decreased, remaining below 2 pCi/L.
C-70
-------
Table C5-1. Characteristics, House 235062 (Gainesville-3).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size
Slab & wall type
Return air
B. Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension
Sub-slab communication
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition
Date began monitoring
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points
Suction pit diameters
#1
Fan type
Date operation began
158 m2 (1700 ft2)
Floating slab; concrete block wall
construction
Through the wall grill with no ducting
5.0 m (16 ft)
Good
Yes
October 1989
1
0.91 m (36 in)
R. B. Kanalflakt Turbo T-1; 158 cfm, 2800
rpm, 1/40 hp
October 1989
C-71
-------
p..
L
f
Table C5-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes House 235062 (Gainesvil!e-3)
1.
Day 300:
System operated passively until electrical wiring installed. Reported soil in pit dry.
2.
Day 306:
Continued passive operation. Reported soil in pit moist
3.
Day 310:
Continued passive operation. Reported soil in pit moist but no water.
4.
Day 348:
Began active system operation. Reported 200 mL of water in pit.
5.
Day 333:
Drained 2200 mL from attic trap.
6.
Day 349:
Reported no comment on water in attic trap.
7.
Day 361:
Drained 4000 mLfrom attic trap. Reported gurgling sound; need to install drain from attic
trap. (Was installed in January 1990.)
8.
Day
369:
Drained
200
mL
at
SH1
9.
Day
381:
Drained
150
mL
at
SH1
10.
Day
417:
Drained
170
mL
at
SH1
C-72
-------
Table C5-3. WATER COLLECTED - House
235062 (Gainesville-3)
Julian Collection Suction
Date Days Hole
#1
mL mLOay
310 0 0 0
348 38 200 5
369 8 200 25
381 12 150 13
417 36 170 5
C-73
-------
Table C5-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by
Suction Hole and Fan Speed - House 235062
(Gainesville-3).
Julian
Date
Visit
Date
Suction Hole 1
Fan Hlah
Fan Low
P
F
(cfm)
Eff Perm
m ~ 2*
P F
(Pa) (cfm)
206
07/25/89
221
08/09/89
236
08/24/89
269
09/26/89
300
10/27/89
242
2.75
1.83
306
11/02/89
310
11/06/89
240
2.42
1.62
348
12/14/89
254
1.98
1.26
1 0
369
01/04/90
246
2.20
1.40
381
01/16/90
250
2.42
1.60
417
02/21/90
248
2.64
1.71
* x10~-11
P = magnitude of negative pressure at suction hole relative to indoor
ambient pressure.
C-74
-------
#1 Closed
400-
300-
W
Q.
>«~
$ 200-
Q>
w
0-
I
CO
D)
£ 100-
I I II I II I / I M M I M II II r I I I-I- I
90 130 170 210 250 290 330 !
110 150 190 230 270 310 350
I I M II I I II I I I II I I II I"I I II II 1 I I I I I I I 1 T
70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
M
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A Is
O
390 430
M
470 510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J I J I A Is
670 710
Hole 1 HIGH 12 Hole 1 LOW
Figure C5-1. Pressure At Suction Hole - House 235062 (Gainesville-3).
C-75
-------
J.
L
s
u.
0
1
Ul
10-
8-
2-
I I I II II I I I I II II 1 M \ M I
90 130 170 210 250 290
i I 1—+ I
330
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ii r i r i II m i i i m i m i r
70 410 450 490 530 570 610 650 690 730
110
150
190
230 270 310 350
M
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A |S
N
390 430
M
470 510 550 590
Day (Julian) 1990
|j |J |a
•©- Hole 1 HIGH
M
630 670 710
~ Hole 1 LOW
Figure C5-2. Air Flow At Suction Hole - House 235062 (Gainesville-3).
C-76
-------
»-•
V
k J.
Figure C5-3. Effective Permeability - House 235062 (Gainesville-3).
C-77
-------
Table C5-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 235062 (Gainesville-3).
Julian
Visit
Suction Hole*
Indoors**
Date
Date
#1
At-Ease
E-Perm
(pCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(pCi/L)
206
07/25/89
7.29
9.10
221
08/09/89
6.96
6.39
236
08/24/89
8.65
8.53
269
09/26/89
11.60
13.60
300
10/27/89
12238
9.42
8.81
306
11/02/89
5463
8.00
8.80
310
11/06/89
3055
9.80
9.30
348
12/14/89
3248
1.57
2.00
369
01/04/90
3071
1.15
1.20
381
01/16/90
2800
0.78
1.60
417
02/21/90
3177
1.33
1.30
• Grab or sniff samples.
" Average concentration during time period preceding visit.
C-78
-------
I
15-
14-
11-
10-
9-
6-
7-
6-
5-
O
S*5T
c "O
•Jj re
2 3
c o
® £
o
O
—
c
]
— .
_ ,—
2
H
0
90
130
170 210 250 290 330
110
M
150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A |S
310
350
D
370 410 450
390 430
M
Hole 1
470
A
490 530 570 610 650 690 730
510 550 590 630 670 710
Day (Julian) 1990
M I J I J I A I S O N
-©- Sub-slab radon concentration at the 30 November 1988 diagnostic visit.
Figure C5-4. Radon Concentration At Suction Hole - House 235062 (Gainesville-3)
C-79
k,
-------
AT-EASE
in
LT
"i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
I i I I t I I i i I
0 410 450
I I I I I I I I I I II 1 1 l I I I II i I i I l
490 530 570 610 650 690 730
27
110
M
150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
J I J I A |S
310
350
D
390 430
M
470
A
510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J | J I A |S
670
710
D
Figure C5-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House 235062
(Gainesville-3).
C-80
-------
F*n
M 0\ C*os+6
30-
25-
20-
E-PERM
c
o
»
re
¦ta
c
®
o
c
o
O
c
o
•o
(0
a.
15
10-
1—~l
I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I II I 1 1 I 1 1 I
90 130 170 210 250 290 330
I I I I I I I II I I I 1 I I I I II 1 1 l M I I I I I M l i I I I
410 450 «90 530 570 610 650 690 730
270
110 150 190 230 270
Day (Julian) 1989
M J I J I A | S
310
350
D
390 430
M
470
A
510 550 590 630
Day (Julian) 1990
M | J | J | A |S
670
710
D
Figure C5-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration - House 235062
(Gainesville-3).
C-81
-------
I •
*
APPENDIX C-6
House 234912
(Gainesville-4)
Narrative C-83
Table C6-1. Characteristics C-84
Table C6-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-85
Table C6-3. Water Collected C-86
Table C6-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-87
Figure C6-1. Pressure At Suction Holes C-88
Figure C6-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes C-89
Figure C6-3. Effective Permeability C-90
Table C6-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor C-91
Figure C6-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes C-92
Figure C6-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor C-93
Figure C6-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration C-94
C-82
-------
Mitigation of House 234912 (Gainesville-4)
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
MWgafon of house 234912 (Gainesville-4) was the first mitigated house in 1990. This mitigation has
proved to be successful, though limited data are available due to the very brief monitoring period since
mitigation. Indoor radon concentrations were recorded since mid-February and averaged around 13 pCi/L.
Active mitigation immediately reduced indoor radon concentrations to around 3 pCi/L A charcoal canister
measured 38.4 pCirt_ under closed-house conditions in this house in 1988; an alpha track during normal house
activities in 1988 recorded 19.9 pCi/L. This system has two suction holes. The effect of closing either or both
suction hole valves was not investigated.
Detailed Data bv House Visit
The mitigation system was installed and began operating April 26, 1990 (day 481). Figures C6-1
through C6-6 illustrate the pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon concentrations at suction holes
1 and 2 (SH1 and SH2) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the At Ease continuous monitor and
E-Perm integrating monitor.
C-83
-------
Table C6-1. Characteristics, House 234912 (Gainesville-4).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size
Slab & wall type
Return air
B. Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension
Sub-slab communication
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition
Date began monitoring
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points
Suction pit diameters
#1
#2
Fan type
Date operation began
181 m2 (1950 ft2)
Floating slab; concrete block and brick
veneer wall construction
In attic
2.4 m (8 ft)
Fair
Yes
January 90
2
0.61 m (24 in)
0.66 m (26 in)
Fantech model R-150; 270 cfm,
2,150 rpm, 1/20 hp
May 90
C-84
-------
I
Table C6-2.
Mitigation System Operation Notes House 234912 (Gainesville-4).
1.
Day
39:
Installed logger equipment. Mitigation system was not installed at this time.
2.
Day
72:
Checked pylon. Mitigation system was not installed at this time.
3.
Day
107
Began installation of mitigation system.
4.
Day
116
System turned on. Suction holes were checked, no water found.
5.
Day
130
Drained 3 mL from SH1, none at SH2.
6.
Day
151
No water found at suction holes. Two inch system pipes in attic were insulated with
preformed foam tubes.
C-85
-------
Table C6-3. WATER COLLECTED - House 234912 (Gainesville-4).
Julian
Collection
Suction Hole #1
Suction Hole #2
Date
Days
mL
mL/day
mL
mL/day
116
0
0
0
0
0
130
14
3
< 1
0
0
151
35
0
0
0
0
255
104
0
0
0
0
C-86
-------
Table C6-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by Suction Hole and
Fan Speed - House 234912 (Gainesville-4).
Julian
Date
Visit
Date
Suction Hole 1
Suction Hole 2
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
P
(Pa)
F
(cfm)
Eff Perm
m*2*
P F
(Pa) (cfm)
P
(Pa)
F
(cfm)
Eff Perm
mA2
P F
(Pa) (cfm)
39
02/08/90
53
02/22/90
72
03/13/90
107
04/17/90
116
04/26/90
213
207
130
05/10/90
205
3.30
1.96
196
7.70
4.41
151
05/31/90
216
3.41
1.92
210
7.70
4.12
255
09/12/90
191
0.99
063
220
2.53
1.29
*x10M1
P = magnitude of negative pressure at suction hole relative to indoor ambient pressure.
C-87
-------
L
r
400
340 -
<0
CL
f 280
•>
S
£
«
*
z
160 -
100
: ; : ] : ; : ] : ! : r ~ I ; I '¦ I 1 I : I '¦ I ; I : I : I ; I : I : i : 1 : I : I : I •—I—:—T
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
DEC
Day (Julian) 1990
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
wcv
-E3- Hoto 1 HIGH -X- Hot* 2 HIGH
Figure C6-1. Pressure At Suction Holes - House 234912 (Gainesville-4).
C-88
-------
• •
t
Fwi
Hoto rtCicMd
Hota *2 CM1
10
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 1 35 150 165 180 1 95 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1989
FEB
WAR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
-E3- Hotel HIGH -X- Hole 2 WGH
Figure C6-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes - House 234912 (Gainesville-4).
C-89
-------
r
I-a
Hoi* *1 Cfc»*4
Hate *2Ctoud
-B- Hote 1 HIGH -K- Hoi* 2 HtGH
Figure C6-3. Effective Permeability - House 234912 (Gainesvi!1e-4).
C-90
-------
Table C6-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 234912 (Gainesville-4).
Julian
Visit
Suction Holes*
Indoors**
Date
Date
#1
#2
At-Ease
E-Perm
(pCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(pCi/L)
39
02/08/90
53
02/22/90
11.1
6.0
72
03/13/90
14.6
10.8
107
04/17/90
12.5
116
04/26/90
11.5
10.0
130
05/10/90
12200
5689
3.9
2.9
151
05/31/90
9717
3146
2.0
1.8
255
09/12/90
9272
3428
2.6
2.8
• Grab or sniff samples.
** Average concentration during time period preceding visit.
C-91
-------
13
10.4 -
5"
o _
S«3 7 8
C?
O CO
*5 V)
£ 9
¦ei
c
o
O
2.6 -
-o-
-HK
I : I : I • I : I ' I ' I : ! ¦ I : I " i '¦ I : I : I : I : I : i : I : I ; I : I : I '—I—:—T
15 30 45 60 75 80 1 05 120 135 150 165 180 1S6 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
DEC
-0- Sut>-«lab radon concentration at the 1 Decamber 198i diagnostic vfe*. |—| Hotel Hole 2
Figure C6-4. Radon Concentrations Ai Suction Holes - House 234912 (Gainesville-4).
Day (Julian) 1990
MM
FEB
MAA
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
ADC
SEP
OCT
NOV
C-92
-------
AT-EASE
15
I
30
I
45
FEB
—| : | ; | i | 1——] 1 T—| : | . | 1 r~J" 1 : I • | | • I ¦ i ¦ | | >
60 75 90 10S 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Figure C6-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House 234912
(Gainesville-4).
C-93
-------
r
t i
HoH HCkKM
htato RCkMd
30
24 -
O
Cl
o IB
c
«
o
c
° 12
o 12
c
O
"O
co
K
E-PERM
—i : | : { : | : ; : j • | : | : | : | : | ' ] : ; : | : | . | : | : | : | : | . | : | : | : |
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
DEC
Day (Julian) 1990
JAN
ra
WKyR
APR
hAAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
Figure C6-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration - House 234912
(Gainesvil)e-4).
C-94
-------
>
APPENDIX C-7
House 235059
(Ocala-3)
Narrative C-96
Table C7-1. Characteristics C-97
Table C7-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-98
Table C7-3. Water Collected C-99
Table C7-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-100
Figure C7-1. Pressure At Suction Holes C-101
Figure C7-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes C-102
Figure C7-3. Effective Permeability C-103
Table C7-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor .... C-104
Figure C7-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes C-105
Figure C7-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor .... C-106
Figure C7-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration .... C-107
C-95
-------
Mitigation of House 235059 (Ocala-3)
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
Mitigation of house 235059 (Ocala-3) successfully lowered the indoor radon from concentrations of
around 30 pCi/L immediately before mitigation to levels averaging 2 pCi/L during active mitigation. This
mitigation has proved to be successful, though limited data are available due to the very brief monitoring period
since mitigation. A charcoal canister measured 44 pCi/L under closed-house conditions in this house in 1988;
an alpha track during normal house activities in 1988 recorded 8.9 pCi/L This system has two suction holes.
The effect of closing either or both suction hole valves was not investigated.
Detailed Data bv House Vtsit
The mitigation system was installed and began operating in August 1990. Figures C7-1 through C7-6
illustrate the pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon concentrations at suction holes 1 and 2 (SH1
and SH2) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the E-Perm integrating monitor.
C-96
-------
Table C7-1. Characteristics, House 235059 (Ocala-3).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size
Slab & wall type
Return air
B. Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension
Sub-slab communication
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition
Date began monitoring
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points
Suction pit diameters
#1
#2
Fan type
Date operation began
149 m2 (1608 ft2)
Partially sealed slab; Concrete block wall
construction
In attic
2.4 m (8 ft)
Fair
No
N/A
2
0.71 m (28 in)
0.71 m (28 in)
Fantech model R-150; 270 cfm,
2,150 rpm, 1/20 hp
August 90
C-97
-------
C7-2. Mitigation System Operational Notes House 235059 (Ocala-3).
Day 225: Began operating system.
Day 256: Rotine visit. No problem observed.
C-98
-------
Table C7-3. WATER COLLECTED - House 235059 (Oca!a-3).
Self-draining system. No water collection trap.
C-99
-------
Table C7-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by Suction Hole and
Fan Speed - House 235059 (Ocala-3).
Julian
Visit
Suction Hole 1
Suction Hole 2
Date
Date
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
P
F Eff Perm
P F
P
F Eff Perm
P F
(Pa)
(cfm) mA2*
(Pa) (cfm)
(Pa)
(cfm) mA2
(Pa) (cfm)
256
09/13/90
347
12.10 3.64
428
1.1 0.27
*x10M1
P = magnitude of negative pressure at suction hole relative to indoor ambient pressure.
C-100
-------
500
X
400
CD
a
3
i»
8
a
>
300
700 ¦
100 -
• I : I : I : I • I : I—: I '¦ I : I : I : I * I : I : I : I : I : I" ~ ! :—I—:—i—:—I—:—I—:—I—'—T
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 13S 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
JAN
APR M*Y
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
-0- Hoto 1 HtGH ->£- Hole 2 UGH
Figure C7-1. Pressure At Suction Hole - House 235059 (Oca!a-3).
C-101
-------
X
—| : I : I : | : > - ~j—: | : j . | : | : I : | : | : I : | : | : | : | : | r-) : | i | : | : p
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 1 35 150 165 180 196 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
JAN
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
-Q- Hole 1 HIGH X Hole 2 HIGH
Figure C7-2. Air Flow At Suction Hole - House 235059 (Oca!a-3).
C-102
-------
»v
UJ
4.00
i 3.50 H
'3.00
2.50 -
2.00 -
1.50 -
1.00
0.50
-oo •
X
—l——|——l—-1—i—| ¦ 1 :—I—r—I—:—|—:—p~—I : I ! ~1 : I '• I ¦ I—r~!—""I—:—I—:—T
60 75 90 106 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 256 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
15 30 45
JAN
UAR APR
MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Dec
-£3- Hote 1 HtGH -X Hole 2 UGH
Figure C7-3. Effective Permeability - House 235059 (Ocala-3).
C-103
-------
Table C7-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 235059 (Ocala-3).
Julian
Visit
Suction Holes*
Indoors**
Date
Date
#1
#2
At-Ease E-Perm
(pCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(pCi/L) (pCi/L)
225
08/13/90
Deployed
256
09/13/90
3821
296
2.1
* Grab of sniff samples.
" Average concentration during time period preceding visit.
C-104
-------
X
I ; I : I r~l—:—r- —1—: I '¦—I ; I ; I • I I ¦ I I : r~- I :—I : I ; I • I ; I ^ I ¦ I
15 30 45 GO 75 90 1 05 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
JAN
FEB
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
ADO
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
-0- Sub-stab radon concentration«t the2 December 1988diagnostic vis*. D Hotel -X Hole2
Figure C7-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes - House 235059 (Ocala-3).
C-105
-------
No continuous monitor deployed at House 235059 (Ocala-3)
Figure C7-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House 235059
(Ocala-3)
C-106
-------
tm
HaM »1 CfcMd
Ml W2 CtoMd
30
25
20
%
c
o
~->
CD
£ 15
0)
o
c
o
O
o 10
T3
«0
cc
5 -
E-PERM
H
I : I : I : I : I : I '¦ ! : I : I : I : I : I ! I : I : I '¦ I • I : I '¦ I ; i : T
60 75 80 105 120 1 35 150 165 180 195 210 225 2*0 2« 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
15
JAN
30
~r~
45
FEB
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Figure C7-6. Indoor Radon Concentrations by Passive Integration - House 235059
(Ocala-3).
C-107
-------
» V
*
APPENDIX C-8
House 234839
(Gainesville-5)
Narrative C-109
Table C8-1. Characteristics C-110
Table C8-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-111
Table C8-3. Water Collected C-112
Table C8-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-113
Figure C8-1. Pressure At Suction Holes C-114
Figure C8-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes C-115
Figure C8-3. Effective Permeability C-116
Table C8-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor .... C-117
Figure C8-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes C-118
Figure C8-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor .... C-119
Figure C8-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration .... C-120
C-108
-------
Mitigation of House 234839 (Gainesville-5)
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
House 234839 (Gainesville-5) was the first of the "L" shaped slab houses mitigated in 1990. This
mitigation has proved to be successful, though limited data are available due to the very brief monitoring period
since mitigation. Initial indoor radon concentrations averaged around 25 pCi/L. Active mitigation immediately
reduced indoor radon concentrations to around 3 pCi/L A charcoal canister measured 29 pCi/L under closed-
house conditions in this house in 1988; an alpha track during normal house activities in 1988 recorded 11 pCi/L.
This is the only three-suction point two fan system (two-suction point single fan system plus single-suction point
system). There are no suction hole valves to manipulate in this system.
Detailed Data bv House Visit
The mitigation system was installed and began operating in July 1990. Figures C8-1 through C8-6
illustrate the pressure, air flow, effective permeability, and radon concentrations at suction holes 1, 2 and 3
(SH1, SH2 and SH3) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the E-Perm integrating monitor.
C-109
-------
Table C8-1. Characteristics, House 234839 (Gainesville-5).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size 195 m2 (2100 ft2)
Slab & wall type Sealed stem-wall slab; frame and stone
veneer wall construction
Return air Through wall in attic
B. Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension 1.8 m (6 ft)
Sub-slab communication Fair
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition No
Date began monitoring N/A
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points 3
Suction pit diameters
#1 0.86 m (34 in)
#2 0.71 m (28 in)
#3 0.56 m (22 in)
Fan type holes 1/2> Fantech model R-150
270 cfm,2150 rpm,1/20 hp
hole #3> Radon Win, Mitigator
Series One (based on Fuji
Model VCF083 Ring
Compressor), 19.5 cfm,
0.11 hp
Date operation began July 90
C-110
-------
i
Table C8-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes House 234839 (Gainesville-S).
1.
Day 207:
System in operation.
2.
Day 239:
Limited effectiveness, indoor radon about 13 pCi/L.
3.
Day 282:
Discovered that penetration through roof not sealed; potential re-entrainment
4.
Day 289:
Sealed penetration through roof.
5.
Day 341:
Routine visit, appears to be effective, indoor radon 2.5 pCi/L.
c-111
-------
Table C8-3. WATER COLLECTED - House 234839 (Gainesville-5).
Self-draining system. No water collection trap.
C-112
-------
Table C8-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by Suction Hole and
Fan Speed - House 234839 (Gainesville-5).
Julian
Visit
Suction Hole 1
Suction Hole 2
Suction Hole 3
Date
Date
Fan High
Fan High
Fan High
P F Eff Perm
P
F Eff Perm
P
F
Eff Perm
(Pa) (cfm) mA2
(Pa)
(cfm) mA2
(Pa)
(cfm)
mA2*
239
08/27/90
431
355
2170
341
12/07/90
342 2.64 0.67
121
13.20 11.38
1611
11.00
0.90
• x10*-11
P = magnitude of negative pressure at suction hole relative to indoor ambient pressure.
C-113
-------
i
Fan
HoM rtCtoMd
He* RCbwl
Hd» RCM
3000
! I ' I —I—:—""— • ! I I • !—:—1——I T • 1—: I—• I • I ¦—III—:—I—< I ¦ I • I
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 19S 210 22S 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
-E3- Hotel HIGH ->$- Ho»e 2 HIGH Hoie 3 HIGH
Figure C&-1. Pressure At Suction Holes - House 234839 (Gainesville-5).
C-114
-------
He* *ia«M
Hot* ttCbMd
Hoto C3CbM4
15
X
~r~—r~—iii; i—:—i =1 i —i— i i ill ; i i • i ; i ; i— ii! —r
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 2S5 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
DEC
Day (Julian) 1990
JAN
FEB
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
~ Hote 1 HK3H X Hole 2 HIGH
Figure C8-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes - House 234839 (Gainesville-5).
Hole 3 HIGH
C-115
-------
)
Hot* #1Ck»«rt
Halt «2CloMd
Hate »Cto«d
15.0
CM
E 12 °
LU
JS 9.0
£
\a
®
©
§ ®® "i
a.
1
30
LU
X
A
0.0
l : i : i ; i i i —r~ i • i ¦ i • i : i ; i : i : i 1 i : r~- i i i i ~i— | ¦ r
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 265 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
FEB
MAR
APf)
MAY
JUN
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
-E3- Hotel HIGH -X- Hole2HIGH
Hole 3 HIGH
Figure C8-3. Effective Permeability - House 234839 (Gainesville-5).
C-116
-------
Table C8-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 234839 (Gainesville-5).
Julian
Date
Visit
Date
Suction Holes
*
Indoors**
#1
(pCi/L)
#2
(PCi/L)
#3
(pCi/L)
At-Ease E-Perm
(pCi/L) (pCi/L)
229
08/17/90
Deployed
239
08/27/90
1299
1598
2217
13.10
289
10/15/90
Deployed
341
12/07/90
2544
2126
6698
2.50
* Grab or sniff samples.
" Average concentration during time period preceding visit.
C-117
-------
rv
L
Hob flClMt
Holt ttCkMd
Hot! K3 Qoctd
-Q- Sub-«lab radon concentration at the 28 November 1988 diagnostic *W. ( I Hoi* 1 X Hoi* 2 -A Hole 3
Figure C8-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes - House 234839 (Gainesvi!le-5).
C-118
-------
* .!
No continuous monitor deployed at House 234839 (Gainesville-5)
Figure C8-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House 234839
(Gainesville-5)
C-119
-------
Hot* tlCbMd
Holt *2 dottd
Hota «3Cte**3
E-PERM
O
Q.
O 18
©
c
4>
U
s«-
c
o
TJ
IB
cc
l : I : I ; I ' I : i : I : I ; ! : I ; I : I : I * I ; I : I : I : I : I ¦ I * I !—I—:—|
30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
15
JAN
APR
UKkY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Figure C8-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration - House 234839
(GainesviJle-5).
C-120
-------
f V
L
APPENDIX C-9
House 234873
(Gainesville-6)
Narrative C-122
Table C9-1. Characteristics C-123
Table C9-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes C-124
Table C9-3. Water Collected C-125
Table C9-4. Pressure, Air Flow and Effective Permeability by Suction
Hole & Fan Speed C-126
Figure C9-1. Pressure At Suction Holes C-127
Figure C9-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes C-128
Figure C9-3. Effective Permeability C-129
Table C9-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor .... C-130
Figure C9-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes C-131
Figure C9-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor .... C-132
Figure C9-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration .... C-133
C-121
-------
Mitigation of House 234873 (Gainesville-6)
Summary Results of Indoor Radon Monitoring
Mfflgation of house 234873 (Gainesville-6) successfully lowered the indoor radon from concentrations
of around 10 pCi/L immediately before mitigation to levels averaging 2.5 pCi/L during active mitigation. This
mitigation has proved to be successful, though limited data are available due to the very brief monitoring period
since mitigation. A charcoal canister measured 20.8 pCi/L under closed-house conditions in this house in 1988;
an alpha track during normal house activities in 1988 recorded 10.6 pCi/L. This system has two suction holes.
There are no suction hole vatves to manipulate in this system.
Detailed Data bv House Visit
The mitigation system was installed and began operating in July 1990. Figures C9-1 through C9-6
illustrate the pressure, airflow, effective permeability, and radon concentrations at suction holes 1 and 2 (SH1
and SH2) and indoor radon concentrations as recorded by the E-Perm integrating monitor.
C-122
-------
Table C9-1. Characteristics, House 234873 (GainesviIle-6).
House Characteristics
A. Basic Characteristics
Slab size
Slab & wall type
Return air
B. Diagnostic Data
Pressure extension
Sub-slab communication
C. Monitoring
Continuous data acquisition
Date began monitoring
D. SS Suction system
Number of suction points
Suction pit diameters
#1
#2
Fan type
Date operation began
203 m2 (2188 ft2)
Floating slab; Concrete block wall
construction
Through wall
4.6 m (15 ft)
Good
No
N/A
2
0.61 m (24 in)
0.81 m (32 in)
Fantech model R-150; 270 cfm,
2,150 rpm, 1/20 hp
July 90
C-123
-------
I
Table C9-2. Mitigation System Operation Notes House 234873 (Gainesville-6).
1. Day 207: System turned on.
2. Day 333: Deployed Eperm.
3. Day 340: Measured radon in exhaust air; read Eperm. No problem observed.
C-124
-------
Table C9-3. WATER COLLECTED - House 234873 (Gainesville-6).
Self-draining system. No water collection trap.
C-125
-------
Table C9-4. Pressure, Air Flow, and Effective Permeability by Suction Hole and
Fan Speed - House 234873 (Gainesville-6).
Julian
Visit
Suction Hole 1
Suction Hole 2
Date
Date
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
Fan Hiah
Fan Low
P
F Eff Perm
P F
P
F Eff Perm
P F
(Pa/
(cfm) mA2*
(Pa) (cfm)
(Pa)
(cfm) mA2
(Pa) (cfm)
340
12/06/90
198
1.32 0.81
331
1.98 0.51
•X10M1
P * magnitude of negative pressure at suction bote relative to indoor ambient pressure.
C-126
-------
r *
i
t
I.
Fan
Hoto #1 Closed
Hole #2 Closed
(0
a
400-
350-
300-
3
g 250-
L—
0.
I J
i re 200-
o
®
Z
150-
100-
m i ii i i i i i t i i i i i ii i r ii i n ii iii i i i i i ii i i i i i iii i i i i i i i ii ii i i i i i i i m i m i ii t
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
10
JAN
30 50
FEB
70
MAR
90 110 130
150 170
Day (Julian) 1990
190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Hole 1 HIGH * Hole 2 HIGH
Figure C9-1. Pressure At Suction Holes - House 234873 (Gainesville-6).
C-127
-------
r
I j
Fan
Hole 0 1 Closed
Hole #2 Cfosed
5
u.
O
10-
9-t
e
7
6-
~
o M II M II I M'l I I I I I I II II I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 1 I M t I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 1 II I I I I I I I I I ) I I I 1 I I 1 I
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
10 30
50
JAN
FEB
70
MAR
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230
Day (Julian) 1990
250 270 290 310 330 350
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
D Hole 1 HIGH * Hole 2 HIGH
Figure C9-2. Air Flow At Suction Holes - House 234873 (Gainesville-6).
C-128
-------
\
I
II
Fan
Hole #1 Closed
Hole #2 Ck>sed
.Q
<0
0)
E
k—
®
CL
2.00-
¦7 150-
LU
x
O
!C
UJ
1.00-
0.50-
0.00
I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I! I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I II I M I I I I I I I II I I I II I II I I I I II II I I I M I
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350
Day (Julian) 1990
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
-S- Hole 1 HIGH -5K- Hole 2 HIGH
Figure C9-3. Effective Permeability - House 234873 (Gainesville-6).
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
C-129
-------
Table C9-5. Radon Concentrations - Suction Hole and Indoor
House 234873 (GainesviIle-6).
Julian
Visit
Suction Holes*
Indoors"
Date
Date
#1
#2
At-Ease E-Perm
(pCi/L)
(PCi/L)
(pCi/L) (pCi/L)
333
11/29/90
Deployed
340
12/06/90
17241
15378
2.5
* Grab or sniff samples.
*• Average concentration during time period preceding visit.
C-130
-------
I'
i
«I
c
o
'43
CO
.to
c
Q>
O
c
o
O
Fan
Hoie #1 Closed
Hole #2 Closed
"O
c
«
1A
o
o
-C
20-
19-
18H
17-
16-
15H
14-
13
12-
11-
10-
JZL
TTT
"TTTTT rTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TTTT
160
rTTTTTTT
180 200
i ii i i i i i I i i i i i i n i i n t inn
220 240 260 280 300 320 340
TTT
360
10 30 50 70 90 110 130
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350
Day (Julian) 1990
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Sub-slab radon concentration at the 30 November 1988 diagnostic visit.
~ Hole 1 X Hole 2
Figure C9-4. Radon Concentrations At Suction Holes - House 234873 (Gainesville-6).
C-131
-------
No continuous monitor deployed at House 234873 (Gainesville-6)
Figure C9-5. Indoor Radon Concentration by Continuous Monitor - House
(Gainesville-6)
C-132
-------
30
25 -
E-PERM
q.20
o
CO
115+
8
c
o
O
o 10
"O
CD
CE
—I-
15
JAN
I : I : I ; I ^~l * I : i : r" r~~l i I i l i I i—I—• I—:—I—;—1~—I—:—I—i—r~—I —I—: ~r
30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Day (Julian) 1990
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Figure C9-6. Indoor Radon Concentration by Passive Integration - House 234873
(GainesviIle-6).
C-133
-------
r
i.
APPENDIX D
Weather Data
Figure D-1 Rainfall and High/Low Temperatures - Ocala, 1989 D-2
Figure D-2 Rainfall and High/Low Temperatures - Gainesville, 1989 D-3
Table D-1 Weather Data D-4
D-1
-------
HIGH & LOW TEMPERATURES AND RAINFALL
Ocala
Figure D-l. Rainfall and High / Low Temperatures - Ocala, 1989
D-2
-------
HIGH & LOW TEMPERATURES AND RAINFALL
Gainesville
i I i i i I T r I n T irrnn » > 1 > V i i f r f » 1 r i 1 T i t T I i i i r\ v if i i"rf
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350
100 120 140 . 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Day (Julian)
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
| SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Figure D-2. Rainfall and High / Low Temperatures - Gainesville, 1989
D-3
-------
Table D-l. Weather Data
OCALA*
GAINESVILLE
• •
TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
TEMPERATURE
RAINFA
DATE
DAY
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
LOW
(Julian)
(Celsius)
(Celsius)
(In.)
(Cefslus)
(Celsius)
(In.)
04/01/89
91
27
8
0.00
29
S
0.00
04/02/89
92
28
4
0.00
22
1
0.00
04/03/89
93
30
11
0.00
26
4
0.00
04/04/89
94
32
17
0.02
29
11
0 00
04/05/89
95
30
17
027
31
16
0.19
04/06/89
96
27
13
0.00
26
11
0.12
04/07/89
97
25
8
000
22
6
0.00
04/06/89
96
27
6
0.00
25
5
0.00
04/09/89
• 99
31
17
0.00
28
19
0.00
04/1CV89
100
31
17
0.00
30
14
000
04/11/B9
101
24
11
0.31
29
7
0.08
04/12/89
102
20
8
0.00
11
6
0.13
04/13/89
103
24
12
0.00
19
7
0.00
04/14/89
104
28
13
0.13
21
12
0.00
04/15/89
105
25
16
0.54
28
16
0.75
04/16/89
106-
28
17
0.00
27
14
0.06
04/17/89
107
29
14
0.00
28
13
0.00
04/18/89
106
31
13
0.00
30
12
0.00
04/19/89
109
31
15
0.00
30
14
0.00
04/2CV89
110
31
15
0.00
30
13
0.00
04/21/89
111
29
14
0.00
29
14
0.01
04/22/89
112
28
10
0.00
25
8
0.00
04/23/89
113
30
12
0.00
28
9
0.00
04/24/89
114
32
13
0.00
29
11
0.00
04/25/89
115
31
13
0.00
31
10
0.00
04/26/89
116
33
14
0.00
32
11
0.00
04/27/89
117
34
16
0.00
33
14
0.00
04/28/89
118
34
16
0.00
33
14
0.00
04/23/89
"119
33
18
0.00
33
17
0.00
04/3Q/89
120
31
19
0.59
32
19
0.00
05/01/89
121
29
19
0.35
31
19
0.08
05/02/89
122
29
17
0.00
28
10
0.59
05AXV89
123
30
13
0.00
29
11
0.00
05/04/89
124
31
14
0.00
29
12
0.00
05(05/89
125
31
17
0.00
30
17
0.00
05/06/89
126
31
19
0.00
31
17
0.00
05/07/89
127
31
15
0.00
32
12
0.10
05(08/89
128
28
9
0.00
27
6
0.00
05(09/89
129
29
11
0.00
27
8
0.00
OS/1 ores
130
29
18
0.60
31
12
0.00
05/11/89
131
27
12
0.00
28
8
0.30
05/12/89
132
28
11
0.00
26
7
0.00
05/13/89
133
29
9
0.00
27
7
0.00
05/14/89
134
31
10
0.00
27
13
0.00
05/15/89
135
33
17
0.00
32
14
0.00
05/16/89
136
34
16
0.00
32
14
0.00
05/17/89
137
34
17
0.00
33
15
0.00
05/18/89
138
34
19
0.00
34
19
0.00
05/19/89
139
29
'6
0.00
31
14
0.00
05/20/89
140
33
15
0.00
29
14
0.00
05/21/89
141
32
20
0.76
33
17
0.02
05/22/89
142
32
18
0.00
32
17
0.74
05/23/89
143
31
19
000
31
17
0.00
05/24/03
144
31
19
0.00
32
17
0.00
05/25/89
145
34
21
0 00
29
20
0.10
05/26/89
146
34
21
0.00
33
20
000
D-4
-------
Table D-l. Weather Data (cont'd)
OCALA*
GAINESVILLE
• •
TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
TEMPERATURE
RAINFA
DATE
DAY
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
LOW
(Julian)
(Celsius)
(Celsius)
(In.)
(Celsius)
(Celsius)
On.)
05/27/89
147
36
20
0.00
35
21
0.00
05/28/89
146
37
23
0.09
37
21
0.00
05/29/89
149
34
21
0.07
36
21
0.00
05/30/89
150
32
20
0.10
33
20
0.05
05/31/89
151
34
19
0.06
34
19
0.00
06/01/89
152
34
18
0.00
35
17
0.00
06/02/89
153
35
19
0.00
36
18
0.00
06/03/89
154
35
21
0.00
36
19
0.00
06/04/89
155
35
20
0.00
36
19
0.00
06/05/89
156
34
22
0.78
36
20
0.00
06*56/89
157
28
21
155
34
20
0.00
06/07/89
158
26
20
0.09
28
19
0.47
06/08/89
159
28
20
0.09
29
20
0.01
06/09/89
160
34
23
0.00
29
18
0.81
06/10/89
161
35
17
0.00
32
22
0.00
06/11/89
162
36
22
0.00
34
21
0.00
06/12/89
163
34
21
0.31
35
19
0.00
06/13/89
164
34
21
0.00
34
20
0.00
06/14/89
165
36
21
0.00
34
20
0.00
06/15/89
166
36
22
0.05
35
20
0.00
06/16/89
167
34
22
0.04
35
21
0.00
06/17/89
168
32
21
0.00
35
20
1.31
06/18/89
169
35
21
1.36
32
20
0.02
06/19/89
170
34
18
0.15
34
18
0.94
16/20/89
171
33
19
0.79
32
19
0.09
06/21/89
172
33
19
0.11
31
19
1.72
06/22/89
173
33
18
0.00
31
18
1.72
06/23/89
174
33
21
2.08
32
21
0.00
06/24/89
175
31
20
0.02
31
19
0.70
06/25/89
176
32
20
0.00
33
19
0.00
06^6/89
177
34
21
0.00
33
20
0.00
06/27/89
176
34
21
0.00
33
20
0.00
06/28/89
179
34
22
0.94
34
21
0.00
06/29/89
180
32
21
0.70
34
20
2.20
06/30/89
181
33
21
0.68
31
21
0.67
07/01/89
182
33
21
0.03
32
22
0.08
07/02/89
183
32
21
0.35
31
21
027
07/03/89
184
34
22
0.00
33
21
0.02
07/04/89
185
34
22
0.00
33
20
0.00
07/05/89
186
35
22
0.80
30
21
0.00
07/06/89
187
33
22
2.34
34
21
0.00
07/07/B9
188
34
21
0.00
32
20
0.00
07/08/89
189
35
21
0.00
34
21
0.00
07/09/89
190
36
22
0.00
35
21
0.00
07/10/89
191
36
21
0.00
36
20
0.00
07/11/89
192
37
23
0.00
36
20
0.00
07/12/89
193
37
22
0.00
36
21
0.00
07/13/89
194
37
23
0.00
36
21
0.17
07/14/89
195
33
23
0.00
32
21
0.00
07/15/89
196
34
23
0.00
33
23
0.01
07/16/89
197
33
23
0.00
32
21
0.00
07/17/89
198
31
23
0.39
31
22
000
07/18/89
199
32
23
0.00
32
21
0.00
07/19/89
200
31
22
1.17
33
21
0.05
07/20/89
201
33
21
0.45
31
22
051
07/21/89
202
33
22
1.34
32
22
0.25
D-5
-------
Table D-l. Weather Data (cont'd)
OCALA*
GAINESVILLE
• •
TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
TEMPERATURE
RAINFA
DATE
DAY
HIGH
LOW
HICH
LOW
(Julian)
(Celsius)
(Celsius)
(In.)
(Celsius)
(Celsius)
(In.)
07/22/89
203
32
20
0.74
33
21
1.86
07/23/89
204
33
21
1.55
33
19
0.72
07/24/89
205
31
21
0.33
33
22
0.01
07/25/83
206
33
22
0.00
33
22
0.00
07/26/89
207
33
23
0.00
34
23
0.00
07/27/89
206
33
20
0.00
31
17
0.03
07/28/89
209
34
21
0.00
33
20
0.00
07/29/89
210
35
22
0.00
34
21
0.00
07/30/89
211
36
22
0.51
35
19
0.00
07/31/89
212
34
21
0.01
35
20
0.00
08/01/89
213
34
21
0.10
35
21
0.31
06/02/89
214
34
21
0.05
34
21
0.19
08/03/89
215
34
21
0.00
34
21
0.75
06/04/89
216
34
22
0.00
34
22
0.00
06/05/89
217
34
19
0.00
34
19
0.00
06/06/89
2*8
36
22
0.00
35
21
0.00
06/07/89
219
36
23
0.00
36
23
0.00
06/08/89
220
35
22
0.00
36
23
0.00
06/09/89
221
32
21
0.70
33
22
0.23
08/10/89
222
31
21
0.00
29
21
0.11
06/11/89
223
32
21
0.00
29
19
0.50
06/12/89
224
30
20
0.24
32
18
1.29
06/13/89
225
31
21
0.00
28
19
0.13
08/14/89
226
33
22
0.00
31
21
0.01
06/15/89
227
33
21
0.00
32
19
0.88
06/16/89
228
33
21
0.00
32
18
0.00
06/17/89
229
34
20
0.00
31
20
0.01
06/18/89
230
34
22
0.00
33
20
0.00
08/19/89
231
34
21
0.05
34
20
0.00
06/20/89
232
31
22
0.73
34
20
0.10
08/21/89
233
35
22
0.00
31
22
0.31
08/22/89
234
35
22
0.00
36
22
0.20
08/23/89
235
36
23
0.00
35
22
1.40
06/24/89
236
36
22
0.00
35
22
0.00
06/25/89
237
36
23
0.01
36
22
0.49
06/26/89
238
34
21
0.20
34
21
0.06
06/27/89
239
33
21
0.27
34
21
0.60
06/28/89
240
34
22
0.02
36
22
0.74
06/29/89
241
34
21
0.00
34
21
0.00
06/30/89
242
35
21
0.00
33
21
0.00
08/31/89
243
36
22
0.37
34
22
0.00
09/01/89
244
32
22
2.64
35
21
1.27
09/02/89
245
34
22
0.55
34
22
023
09/03/89
246
34
22
0.74
34
21
1.63
09/04/89
247
31
21
0.10
34
22
0.24
09/05/89
248
32
21
0.49
32
19
0.13
09/06/89
249
34
21
1.13
32
20
0.55
09/07/89
250
32
22
0.00
32
22
0.00
09/06/89
251
33
21
0.03
31
20
0.33
09/09/89
252
33
21
0.00
32
21
028
09/10/89
253
33
19
0.00
33
18
0.00
09/11/89
254
32
19
0.00
32
18
0.00
09/12/89
255
32
19
0.00
32
18
000
09/13/89
256
32
18
0.00
32
17
0.00
09/14/89
257
34
19
0.00
32
18
0.00
09/15/89
258
35
20
0.01
32
18
0.10
D-6
-------
Table D-l. Weather Data (cont'd)
OCALA*
GAINESVILLE
• •
TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
TEMPERATURE
RAIN FA
DATE
DAY
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
LOW
(Julian)
(Celtlut)
(CcUlus)
On.)
(C*l*lus)
-------
Table D-l. Weather Data (cont'd)
OCALA*
GAINESVILLE"
TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
TEMPERATURE RAINFALL
DATE
DAY
HIGH LOW
HIGH LOW
(Julian)
(Celsius) (Celsius)
On.)
(Celsius) (Celsius) (In.)
11/11/89
315
27
6
0.00
24
4
0.00
11/12/89
316
27
e
0.00
26
7
0.00
11/13/89
317
29
10
0.00
26
8
0.00
11/14/89
318
28
12
0.00
28
12
0.00
11/15/89
319
29
18
0.00
27
14
0.00
11/16/89
320
23
16
0.04
28
18
0.09
11/17/89
321
17
3
0.00
20
-1
0.00
11/18/89
322
20
2
0.00
14
-1
0.00
11/19/89
323
23
7
0.00
17
4
0.00
11/20/89
324
25
6
0.00
26
1
0.00
11/21/89
325
27
11
0.00
23
4
0.00
11/22/89
326
26
13
0.00
22
7
0.00
11/23/89
327
20
13
0.71
24
9
0.62
11/24/89
328
22
4
0.00
14
0
0.00
11/25/89
329
26
7
0.12
20
4
0.00
11/26/89
330
27
16
0.18
24
11
0.05
11/27/89
331
27
14
0.00
27
9
0.00
11/28/89
332
27
15
0.00
25
13
0.00
11/29/89
333
23
15
0.00
27
13
0.00
11/30/89
334
18
6
0.00
21
1
0.00
12/01/89
335
22
5
0.00
17
-3
0.00
12/02/89
336
25
7
0.00
21
3
0.00
12/03/89
337
16
9
0.00
24
7
0.00
12/04/89
338
14
-3
0.00
14
-7
0.00
12/35/89
339
22
0
0.00
12
-4
0.00
12/06/89
340
24
5
0.00
21
3
0.00
1307/89
341
26
7
0.00
23
7
0.00
12/06/89
342
28
16
0.97
26
13
0.00
12/09/89
343
19
12
0.07
24
12
1.67
12/1CV89
344
13
3
0.00
13
3
0.02
12/11/89
345
18
0
0.00
13
-1
0.00
12/12/89
346
26
4
0.17
18
3
0.00
12/13/89
347
18
e
0.00
24
6
0.27
12/14/89
348
16
•3
0.00
12
-5
0.00
12/15/89
349
22
•i
0.00
14
-3
0.00
12/16/89
350
18
8
0.01
21
1
0.25
12/17/89
351
17
1
0.03
15
0
0.01
12/18/89
352
12
6
0.49
14
5
0.05
12/19/89
353
18
9
2.00
9
6
0.43
12/20/89
354
13
8
025
13
7
0.64
12/21/89
355
17
7
0.00
9
6
O.OO
12/22/89
356
7
2
0.55
15
1
0.00
12/23/89
357
4
-3
0.16
3
-4
0.36
12/24/89
358
2
-9
0.00
-3
-10
0.00
12/25/89
359
10
-8
0.00
1
-9
0.32
12/26/89
360
16
•1
0.00
8
-4
0.00
12/27/89
361
20
•1
0.00
15
-3
0.00
12/28/89
362
23
3
O.OC
18
-1
0.00
12/29/89
363
24
2
0.00
22
1
0.00
12/3CV89
364
26
4
0.00
22
4
0.00
12/31/89
365
28
10
0.00
26
9
0.00
" Obtained from Grfy oI Oc*U Water Treatment PUn(, Ocaia.
** Obtained bom Urwwervty of Florid* Ayonomy Department, Giinetvit
D-8
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