How to Develop a Heavy-
Duty Diesel'echnology
Verification Program
A Guide for Trainers
*\xSmartWay
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency J
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD 4
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE 5
ORIENTATION TO TRAINING 7
MODULE I: Why Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology
Verification Program? 11
MODULE II: Getting Started 23
MODULE III: Design Your Program 31
MODULE IV: Launch Your Program 43
MODULE V: Evaluate, Refine, and Expand 57
3
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FOREWORD
Freight transportation is critical to businesses, consumers, and the economy worldwide,
but it comes with an impact on the planet's environment. In response, freight shippers,
carriers, and their customers in many countries and regions are implementing programs
to better manage their greenhouse gas and other emissions.
One part of this international green freight movement is the SmartWayTransport
Partnership, initiated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2004.
Operating in the United States and now Canada, SmartWay is a joint government-
industry partnership aimed at reducing emissions and improving fuel efficiency in
the freight industry. The partnership provides freight shippers, carriers, and logistics
companies with tools to report, benchmark, and improve fuel efficiency; save money;
and track progress while earning public recognition for their achievements.
In 2014, EPA issued How to Develop a Green Freight Program: A Comprehensive Guide
and Resource Manual, along with an accompanying training guide and PowerPoint
presentation. These documents provide the information, lessons learned, and best prac-
tices to help government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and other entities
create and implement their own green freight programs modeled on SmartWay.
In 2016, EPA issued an additional resource. How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel
Technology Verification Program : A Comprehensive Resource Manual, with accompa-
nying PowerPoint slidesand this guide for trainers, which is designed to help train
policymakers and others interested in developing and implementing a technology veri-
fication program. Through learning objectives and key points, it provides a roadmap for
conveying information from the technology verification Manual.
For guidance on preparing and delivering effective training sessions, consult EPA's
Guidance forTrainers: Preparing and Conducting an Effective Training Session. Visit our
website at https://www.epa.gov/smartway/modeling-global-programs-after-smartway.
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
The material presented in this guide, including the orientation, is designed to be
presented over a day and a half (or 12 workshop hours).
Make sure to review the How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification
Program: A Comprehensive Resource Manual carefully before conducting your
trainingthe better you know the Manual's contents, the more useful the training will
be. The course of training follows those contents. Each section in this guide corresponds
to one in the Manual, with graphics to help you navigate:
Section
The Manual section covered by this part of the
guide.
Title
Matches the title of the Manual
section.
Clocks
The suggested
amount of time for
the training on this
section, including
time for exercises.
Use this as a flex-
ible guideline, and
adjust for the group
you're training.
Section A
Pages I-2 through I-4
Page numbers
The range of pages for the
Manual section, listed by module
(IIV) and page number.
mins
air pollutants (rial can cause Ileal In
Airpottutson
Children, the
particularly
TVPs benefit
people with lung or heart disease are
by reducing diesel emissions
Public Health
Learning Objectives
Identify several major disease?
diesel engine emissions.
ป Describe how Ihe different die!
PM) can worsen existing public!
Key Points
Slides
Slides from the accompanying PowerPoint
that address content from the Manual
section.
How to Use This Guide
5
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Group Exercise
Designed to
stimulate group
participation and
interactivity. Each
one should take
about 10 to 20
minutes.
GROUP EXERCISE 1
Identify Benefits of a Diesel
EmissionsTVP
Form two teams by dividing the room in half.
Group Exercise 1
Identify Benefits of a Diesel Emissions 7VP*
List the economic, public health, and
environmental benefits of reducing diesel <
ri your country or region. |
Members of Team A, consulting among them-
selves, should list economic, public health, and
environmental challenges and issues for the
freight industry, writing them on a flipchart as
they describe each one aloud. (The trainer might want to prompt this team, asTeai
listens to their deliberations.)
For each challenge or issue identified, members of Team B can describe how aTVP
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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ORIENTATION
Orientation to Training
8
9
SECTIONS
-Iฎ- Introductions and Housekeeping
Training Overview
Suggested time for this module
Orientation to Training
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ii- Introductions and Housekeeping
Introductions
Welcome
Introductions
- Participants
- Trainees)
- Assistant trainers
- Guest speakers)
- Observers
mm:
- VIPs
ltd.
Oriertation
^fSmartVtev
Housekeeping
1 Schedule
- Start time
- Guest speaker
- Morning break
- Lunch
- Study tour
- Afternoon
break
- Adjourn
- Networking
reception
1 Logistics
- Security
- Internet axess
- Coat room
Bathroom
Locations
ฆ Device
protocols
Other
^%SmartVfev
Learning Objectives
Feel welcome and acknowledged by the host institution
and trainer.
Be familiar with the schedule for the day.
Know important logistic and housekeeping details.
Key Points
Introduce yourself and others present. Ask participants
to introduce themselves one by one.
Establish ground rules for participation.
Conduct an icebreaker if time permits.
Go over important logistics, such as emergency exit
procedures, facility locations, and the schedule for
breaks.
8
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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(S- Training Overview
Learning Objectives
Understand the broad goals of the training and what
participants will accomplish by attending.
Have a general sense for why freight is important and
how it impacts the global environment.
Understand the value of impartial and accurate infor-
mation about diesel emission reduction and fuel
efficiency technologies to help stakeholders make
purchasing decisions.
Understand key program design elements of EPA's
technology verification programs (TVPs).
Key Points
Give participants a big picture perspective on the
importance of green freight andTVPs.
ป The freight sector is critical to businesses,
consumers, and the world economy, and it is respon-
sible for local and global environmental impacts.
ป The freight industry benefits from reliable and
unbiased information on emission reduction and fuel-
efficient technologies.
ป Manufacturers benefit from having a "level playing
field."
ป Fleet owners and operators benefit by being able to
make informed decisions on technology purchases.
Successful programs need not be structured exactly
like SmartWay. But shared elements, such as tech-
nology verification requirements and procedures, will
help those stakeholders who are active internationally.
| Goals for This Training
Learn about:
- Diesel emissions reductions technologies and strategies.
- How to set up and launch a technology verification program (TVP).
- Resources to initiate and grow a successful TVP.
Successful programs do not need to be exactly like SmartWay!
Orientation to Training
9
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MODULE I
Why Develop a Heavy-
Duty Diesel Technology
Verification Program?
SECTIONS
A. Public Health 12
B. The Environment 14
C. Objective Performance Evaluation 16
-SSM D. Economic Benefits 18
E&F. Host Agency Benefits and Industry Engagement 20
Suggested time for this module
Module I: Why Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program?
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Public Health
A. Public Health
Diesel emissions include air pollutants that can cause health
problems:
- Particulate matter (PM)
- Oxides of nitrogen (NOJ
- Contributions to ground-level ozone
Air pollution can cause respiratory problems, cardiovascular
disease, and cancer.
Children, the elderly, and people with lung or heart disease are
particularly vulnerable.
TVPs benefit public health by reducing diesel emissions.
ModJe I: Why tevelop a hteavy-DUy Diesel Techndogy Verification Program? 5
Learning Objectives
Identify several major diseases aggravated or caused by
diesel engine emissions.
Describe how the different diesel engine pollutants (e.g.,
particulate matter, or PM) can worsen existing public
health problems.
Key Points
Combustion of diesel fuel directly releases both harmful
and general pollutants, but chemical reactions in the air
can produce additional pollution that threatens human
health.
ป Direct emissions of concern include oxides of nitrogen
(NOx) and some PM.
ป Secondary pollutants created by chemical reaction
include additional PM and ground-level ozone.
Diesel emissions are inhaled by people and contribute to
several health problems.
ป PM, NOx, and ozone can all worsen respiratory
diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema.
ป Cardiovascular disease can be aggravated by ultra-
fine PM, which can pass between the lungs and the
bloodstream.
ป Lung cancer has been linked to PM by the World Health
Organization (WHO).
The most vulnerable populations include children, the
elderly, people with lung or heart disease, and those
living in low-income communities near sources of diesel
emissions.
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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Summing Up
Briefly review the different types of pollutants of concern and how they form.
Summarize how health conditions are affected by NOx, PM, and ozone.
Module I: Why Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program?
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The Environment
B. The Environment
Learning Objectives
Diesel emissions damage the natural environment.
NOx emissions cause soil acidification; acidify streams, lakes,
and rivers; and contribute to ground-level ozone, which damages
vegetation.
Describe the global and local environmental impacts of
diesel emissions and the freight industry.
Black carbon (BC) is formed by the incomplete combustion of
fossil fuels, especially in older vehicles, and has a high global
warming potential.
Identify specific environmental concerns related to the
impacts of diesel emissions that are relevant to the local
country or region.
C02, methane, and nitrous oxides contribute to global warming.
Key Points
Diesel emissions of NOx, PM, and greenhouse gases
(GHGs) negatively affect the environment.
NOx causes significant ecosystem issues, damaging
soils, water, vegetation, and wildlife.
GHGs (such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen
dioxide) trap heat, influence climate change, and change
weather patterns.
ป New technologies that decrease fuel consumption can
impact the scale and severity of these changes.
Black carbon (BC) is a component of PM that results
from the combustion of fossil fuels. BC absorbs sunlight
and reduces the reflectivity of snow and ice.
ป Its emissions have a global warming potential 680
times higher than carbon dioxide.
ป Older, less efficient engines and high-sulfur diesel fuels
are significant sources of BC.
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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Summing Up
Review global and local environmental issues impacted by diesel emissions.
Prompt participants to discuss environmental issues specific to the local country or region that
may be related to diesel emissions.
Module I: Why Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program?
15
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Objective Performance
Learning Objective
Describe how having reliable, unbiased, and objective
information on technological claims will impact the
freight industry.
Key Points
ATVP evaluates manufacturers claims and can
strengthen their credibility.
Without aTVR manufacturers may make unqualified
claims on unproven technologies, frequently offering
anecdotal evidence.
ป This can be misleading and result in costly, misin-
formed purchases.
TVPs apply rigorous scientific and unbiased testing to
assess technologies and their lifetime performance.
Once approved, technologies are placed on a list that
provides the freight industry with objective measure-
ments and information.
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
D Section C
Page 1-5
C. Objective Performance Evaluation
TVPs provide unbiased third-party testing and create a "level
playing field."
With proven results, verification can help technologies be
adopted and accepted.
Verification can help fleet owners
select the most appropriate
technology with confidence.
ndogy\feri
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Evaluation
Summing Up
Briefly review the factors that constitute an effectiveTVP:
ป Standardized, scientific testing procedures
ป Unbiased third-party researchers
ป Laboratory and field-testing measures
Encourage participants to share specific examples and anecdotes on how the availability of a
verified technologies list could affect the decision-making process of industry stakeholders.
Module I: Why Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program?
17
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Economic Benefits
D. Economic Benefits
TVPs contribute many economic benefits, such as:
- Encouraging technical innovation.
- Fostering local manufacturing and related services.
- Providing energy security and reducing fuel demand.
- Offering reputational benefits to help businesses grow.
Learning Objectives
Explain the way in which aTVP influences manu-
facturers', carriers', and shippers' economic
decision-making.
Identify potential economic impacts of a technology veri-
fication system.
Key Points
An effective program encourages technological advances
and innovations, as each technology's effectiveness is
clearly assessed.
TVPs and green freight programs encourage carriers to
use advanced technologies, as shippers preferentially
hire carriers who demonstrate efficiencies and emission
reductions.
TVPs provide information resources to freight stake-
holders, who may be engaged in global programs that
require emissions accounting and carbon footprint
reporting.
Participants who take advantage of these programs can
benefit from improved public relations.
Greater efficiencies can better insulate carriers and
shippers from economic fluctuations and other dynamic
risks.
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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GROUP EXERCISE 1
Group Exercise 1
Identify Benefits of a Diesel Emissions TVP
Identify Benefits of a Diesel
Emissions TVP
Form two teams by dividing the room in half.
/egiao:
Module I Why Deuel cp i
chnology *
Jg:.
Members ofTeam A, consulting among them-
selves, should list economic, public health, and
environmental challenges and issues for the
freight industry, writing them on a flipchart as
they describe each one aloud. (The trainer might want to prompt this team, as Team B
listens to their deliberations.)
For each challenge or issue identified, members ofTeam B can describe how aTVP might
help address those problems.
Briefly review howTVPs deliver economic benefits and innovation throughout the freight industry.
Summarize participants' input on how aTVP would impact economic, public health, and environ-
mental issues specific to the local country or region.
Summing Up
Module I: Why Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program?
19
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Sections
E and F
Page 1-7
Host Agency Benefits and
E. and F. Host Agency Benefits and Industry Engagement
TVPs aggregate valuable data on emissions reductions and
technologies.
- Make it easierto track program benefits.
- Provide a deeper understanding of technology performance.
- Constitute valuable input for regulators.
~ TVPs provide opportunities to engage freight industry and others
in a common pursuit.
Learning Objectives
0 ^^SmartVfey
Explain how aTVP is an important component of a
comprehensive, pragmatic, and responsive green freight
program.
Describe how aTVP that engages stakeholders will
contribute to a healthier, cleaner, and more innovative
freight industry.
Key Points
Incorporating industry input when developing aTVP can
strengthen relationships among government agencies and
manufacturers.
An effectiveTVP provides both stakeholders and regu-
lators a more transparent system to quantify and verify
emissions reductions.
ATVP can play a role in helping regulators and the industry
prepare for and comply with increasingly stringent air
quality and emissions regulations.
A well-instituted TVP will provide industry stakeholders
with more innovative technologies, lower investment
risks, fewer emissions and higher efficiencies, and oppor-
tunities to earn public recognition.
20
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
-------
Industry Engagement
Summing Up
Recap the important role aTVP can play in further promoting the goals of both host agencies and
industry stakeholders.
Stimulate a discussion for participants to volunteer their ideas on how aTVP can facilitate a
relationship between industry and regulators.
Module I: Why Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program?
21
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MODULE II
Getting Started
SECTIONS
A. Assessing Air Pollution and Fleet Characteristics 24
f^|) B. Technologies, Regulations, and Other Programs 26
rap C. Stakeholder Participation 28
Suggested time for this module
Module II: Getting Started
-------
Section A
Pages 11-2 through 11-4
^ A. Assessing Air Pollution and Fleet Characteristics
Has an emissions inventory been conducted?
- If yes, what type? Ask your local air quality agency
Are existing inventories sufficient, or is more information needed?
Based on local/regional environmental concerns, what additional
assessment is needed and how can it be completed?
Use emissions inventories and air quality data to assist in identifying
technologies that will have the most positive impacts.
To identify appropriate technologies, look at:
- Types of vehicles
- Age
- Distances traveled
- Fuel consumption
- Amount of idling
- Other usage characteristics
Assessing Air Pollution
Learning Objectives
Identify what information is most vital for deciding which
technology types will be the most beneficial to the local
country or region.
Explain the key local or regional environmental, public
health, and emissions issues that theTVP will need to
address.
Key Points
Given limited resources, the first step in program design
should be understanding the emissions sources that are
most pressing in the local region, then focusing on how
aTVP can help mitigate them.
Developing and using a detailed emissions inventory will
enableTVP administrators to make the most effective
decisions when choosing technologies to focus on.
Emissions inventories, combined with air quality moni-
toring networks, pinpoint the specific pollutants and air
quality issues.
Environmental agencies often maintain local or regional
air quality monitoring networks and databases. They can
help:
ป Provide insight on the most pressing air quality issues.
ป Offer suggestions on the appropriate scale and scope
foryourTVR
Carefully consider the many factors influencing overall air
pollution and the fleet's characteristics, including engine
and vehicle types, operating conditions, fleet age, idling
times, road conditions, and shipper and carrier business
models.
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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and Fleet Characteristics
GROUP EXERCISE 2
Identify Sources of Emissions Inventory Data
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GROUP EXERCISE 2
Identify Sources of Emissions
Inventory Data
Ask participants to take out a blank sheet of
paper. Give the group five minutes to work
independently to write down data sources and
means to access them on their sheet.
Ask participants to call out their responses
one-by-one while you create a list on a large white board, black board, or poster.
Facilitate a discussion around ranking the ideas from best/easiest-to-access sources to
unlikely/most-difficult-to-access sources. Ask participants to think creatively about how they
might find alternate sources if none are readily available.
Summing Up
Summarize the key stakeholder agencies and data sources.
Emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and detailed understanding of environmental and
public health issues in the local region. Understanding how those issues relate to transportation
sources will help guide the design and implementation of an effectiveTVR
Module II: Getting Started
25
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Section B
Pages II-4 through 11-14
Technologies, Regulations,
^ B. Technologies, Regulations, and Other Programs
What types of technologies address the most problematic
pollutants?
- Exhaust aftertreatment reduces criteria pollutants.
- Fuel-saving technologies reduce emissions.
- Idle reduction and behavioral strategies reduce fuel consumption.
- Fuel strategies reduce C02 and criteria pollutants.
Review operating conditions and transportation-related
regulations.
Look into how other TVPs have
maintained their success.
Learning Objectives
Identify and categorize emissions reduction technologies
by strategy.
Understand how local or national regulations may affect
the adoption of verified technologies.
Identify elements of other successful TVPs that may can
be easily adopted or borrowed.
Key Points
There are many technologies and strategies that can
become part of a newTVP:
ป Exhaust aftertreatment
ป Engine upgrades and retrofits
ป Fuel savings technologies
ป Fuel strategies
Determine which are the best fit for the local environ-
ment. Be sure to review local regulations.
26
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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and Other Programs
GROUP EXERCISE 3
Identify Target Technologies
Working with the list of potential data sources
identified in the previous exercise, allocate the
first half of the exercise to having the group
refine this list.
First review the list, then discuss any informa-
tion gaps that should be filled before an initial
set of technologies is chosen.
For the second half, discuss how aTVP might overcome those uncertainties and, with the
information at hand, what technologies might be promising for the new program.
GROUP EXERCISE 3
Identify Target Technologies
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Summing Up
Emissions reduction technologies are at the heart of aTVRThe choice of which ones to verify
should be careful and strategic.
Highlight the importance of focusing on the right technologies forTVPs to make the most signifi-
cant impact.
Module II: Getting Started
27
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Section C
Pages M-15 through 11-16
Stakeholder Participation
C. Stakeholder Participation
Diverse stakeholders will contribute valuable and varied
perspectives.
Early participation will help them feel invested and inspire loyalty,
engagement, and advocacy.
~ Involve representatives from:
- Freight industry
- Manufacturing
- Testing facilities
- Public or nonprofit environmental
organizations
- Academia
Learning Objective
Understand how involving a wide variety of stakeholders
during the program design process will encourage
industry approval and buy-in.
Key Points
An effectiveTVP pushes the entire transportation
industry toward cleaner and more efficient operations.
Having multiple and diverse participants engaged in the
program will result in a stronger and more resilient TVP
28
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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GROUP EXERCISE 4
GROUP EXERCISE 4
Brainstorm Stakeholders
Brainstorm Stakeholders
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Break the group into teams of two to five and
assign each group the role of stakeholders from
the freight industry, manufacturing, testing facili-
ties and labs, civil society, and academia.
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Have each team work together to write down its
interest in advancing a localTVR
Ask one person from each group to present its perspective on and interest in technology
verification.
Leave some time at the end for everyone to come together and discuss the exercise. What
was expected? What was surprising? Summarize the key takeaways for the group.
Many stakeholders have an interest inTVPs. Engaging them early in the process will benefit the
Review some of the interests and perspectives that participants brought up during their role play
Summing Up
program.
exercise.
Module II: Getting Started
29
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MODULE III
Design Your Program
SECTIONS
A. Performance Goals and Technologies 32
(j^) B. Establish a Budget 34
C. Secure Funding 36
raP D. Design Program Elements 38
Suggested time for this module
Model III: Design Your Program
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Section A
Pages 111-2 through 111-4
Performance Goals and
01 A. Performance Goals and Technologies
Develop clear, quantifiable short- and long-term goals.
Identify and prioritize potential technologies.
Estimate the level of participation needed to reach goals, such as
number of fleets or retrofits per year.
Establish activity goals, such as minimum number of companies
submitting applications per year.
Learning Objectives
Define simpleTVP goals and potential strategies for
achieving them.
Recognize that aTVP requires continual monitoring,
revisiting, and revising of goals.
Understand the need for quantitative goals/metrics and
baseline measurements for program administrators to
accurately assess program performance.
Key Points
In forming environmental and energy goals, consider the
regional issues/priorities that are affected by the freight
industry, such as air quality goals and GHG reductions.
ป Short-term and long-term objectives are both
important.
ป Quantitative goals can be used to help track a
program's progress over time.
ป Frame goals in a context that resonates for truckers,
shippers, and fleet operators.
Before deciding on which promising technologies the
program should verify, consider:
ป The types of vehicles/engines primarily responsible for
the emissions of concern.
ป The cost-effectiveness of each potential strategy, if
possible.
ป The availability and costs associated with potential
control strategies.
ป How shippers, logistics companies, and fleets use and
view the technologies.
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
-------
Technologies
GROUP EXERCISE 5
Program Goal Setting
Split participants into two different groups.
Ask the first group to brainstorm one-year and
five-year goals for aTVP and note them on a
large piece of paper or board for all to see.
Then ask the second group to develop steps and
strategies needed to achieve those goals.
Last, engage the entire group in a discussion about specific metrics and quantitative
assessments that could be used to measure the success of the program.
Participation targets/goals will help measure the program's progress in meeting its environmental/
energy objectives. Structure participation goals to:
ป Target the number of fleets that adopt verified technologies.
ป Ascertain the number of vehicle retrofits/technology implementations.
ป Compare adaptation levels to baseline performance metrics.
Establishing internal program goals and strategies will facilitate the program's effectiveness in
reaching environmental, energy, and efficiency targets.
Summing Up
Recap the importance of developing cohesive environmental/energy goals and promising tech-
nology strategies.
Review examples of goals and strategies that participants provided during the group exercise.
Revisit the importance of choosing metrics and developing baseline measurements to help track
program progress.
Group Exercise 5
Program Goal Setting
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Model III: Design Your Program
33
-------
Section B
Pages 111-4 through 111-5
Establish a Budget
B. Establish a Budget
How much funding does your TVP need?
- Con suit other TVP administrators.
- Create a detailed line-item budget, including general operating costs.
- Include funds for outreach to manufacturers, especially in early years.
Learning Objectives
Determine initialTVP funding needs.
Understand how funds may be allocated across program
activities.
Key Points
OtherTVPs can offer experience and insights into
funding needs for new programs.
Creating a line-item budget is a useful way to figure out
how to allocate limited funds.
Emphasize to participants that the more organized they
are about their program's funding needs up front, the
better off they will be in terms of managing their budgets
and programs. Suggest that they think about specific
funding levels associated with startup costs, establishing
and sustaining a technology verification process, general
operating costs, and recruiting and outreach to arrive at a
total program funding estimate.
34
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
-------
Summing Up
TVP administrators need not start from scratch when trying to figure out initial budgetary needs.
OtherTVPs can help.
Emphasize that planning a budget requires a detailed look at different activities and will pay off in
the long run.
Model III: Design Your Program
35
-------
Section C
Pages 111-6 through 111-7
Secure Funding
^ C. Secure Funding
Research potential local and international sources.
Clearly frame your TVP in funders' terms.
Tap stakeholders for ideas and possible matching or dedicated
funds.
Consider in-kind contributions.
Explore funding a grant program.
Consider alternate cost structures.
Learning Objectives
Identify potential sources of funding for aTVR
Develop a plan for pursuing funding from a range of
sources.
Key Points
There is no one-size-fits-all approach to funding aTVR
Each program and region will require its own strategy.
Funding can come from a range or combination of
sources.
Incorporating a grant program into aTVR while requiring
additional funds, has the potential to jumpstart the
program and transform the local marketplace for verified
technologies.
As a first step, participants should understand that they
should thoroughly research the range of funding sources
and frame program benefits so that potential funders
understand its value.
They should also understand the value of involving
stakeholders and building relationships in the fundraising
process. Mention that if they do not have prior expe-
rience or skills in starting a program or raising funds,
participants may want to consider retaining fundraising
professionals.
36
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
-------
Summing Up
While securing funds is challenging, aTVP's chances of raising funds are highest when its admin-
istrators thoroughly understand the priorities and missions of funding agencies they are soliciting
and when they frame theTVP in terms and benefits that resonate with funders.
Some programs, notably SmartWay, had government support and also incorporated a grant
program, which had a disproportionately large impact on verified technologies and served the
program well.
Model III: Design Your Program
37
-------
Section D
Pages 111-7 through 111-17
Design Program Elements
D. Design Program Elements
~ Can verified technologies from other programs save you time
and startup costs?
~ Classify technologies by level of effectiveness and performance
level.
Develop an application for technologies to become verified; map
the process for collecting information.
Establish protocols, define testing requirements, and identify
qualified testing facilities.
Learning Objective
^ D. Design Program Elements (continued)
For added confidence, establish in-use testing component.
Develop procedures to manage program data and protect
submitted confidential business information (CBI).
4 ^^vSmarWfey
Outline the key elements of aTVP's application and
testing procedures.
Key Points
Consider whether some established technologies (e.g.,
already approved by otherTVPs) can automatically qualify
for verification under the program.
Set up performance-based standards to categorize the
effectiveness of technologies verified under the program.
Create an application for technology vendors seeking
verification of their products.
Verification testing is crucial to the success of any
program. Develop minimum requirements and testing
protocols, for accredited/independent facilities, that
outline a verification process that includes laboratory,
durability, and field/in use testing.
Develop legal guidelines and policies regarding privacy
and security to protect technology vendors' confidential
business information (CBI).
Summing Up
Participants should consider what type of testing
programs are needed. They should think about which
technologies will require testing under local operating
conditions and which can be pre-qualified.
Stress the importance of developing a comprehensive
and secure application process.
Emphasize that newTVPs can kickstart their program by
approving pre-qualified technologies.
38
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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GROUP EXERCISE 6
Pre-Qualified Technologies
Ask participants to navigate to EPA and California
Air Resources Board (ARB) webpages that have
summary tables of current verified technologies.
Encourage participants to consider and debate
what technologies operate more or less
uniformly across different fleets and regions and
may not require special performance testing for t
Come together as a group to create a list of technologies that participants identify as "low-
hanging fruit" for verification.
Group Exercise 6
Pre-Qualified Technologies
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local region.
GROUP EXERCISE 7
Becoming Familiar with Vendor
Applications
Refer participants to the sample application from
a hypothetical vendor found in Appendix B. It
includes some errors and omissions.
Give the group time to identify the problems
with the application.
Once the group has finished identifying the problems, ask them to make recommendations
to the hypothetical vendor on how each can be fixed. Refer to the trainer's answer key that
follows to make sure the group found all of the mistakes and omissions.
Group Exercise 7
Become Familiar with Vendor Applications
Model III: Design Your Program
39
-------
Sample Vendor Application Answer Key
Vendors interested in receiving verification for their technology from this agency
must complete this form and email it to XXXX@ProgramX.gov with
"Request for Verification" in the subject line. Our program administrator will
confirm receipt by email and will contact you if additional information is needed.
Contact information:
Company name: Wlwt"Tire (orp-
Contact person' WlwI'TlKC (individual's name needed instead of company name)
Work phone' +44 555 123 456? (this phone number is not in the United States)
Cell phone:.
(need cell phone number)
Emaj|. jolw. Smitha) wlwhHre. com
Mailing address- 5?25 Wlwt"Hre Dr (need city, state, and zip code)
Manufacturing facility
address: Shanghai, 201314
(this is not a full address)
Product description:
(please provide specifics that include: product name, product ID/serial/part numbers, component
manufacturer, and a short description of the product)
Product: l,oiv Rolling Resistance Tires -f'lwt' minimize +ke ei/\er^y u/aS'taA as
-------
Please describe the environmental benefit that your technology provides:
(need description of the benefit of technology)
Additional information: (please answer with yes/no)
999
/eS
No
Are you seeking placement of your technology on Program X's Verified
Technologies List? (need a yes/no answer)
Is this the first time you have submitted this product/technology for Program X
verification?
Does your product have regulatory requirements that supersede verification?
(need a yes/no answer)
Are you currently pursuing verification with any other programs for this
technology?
Pow'+ Know
Is your product commercially available?
(need a yes/no answer)
No
Maybe
No
year
Is your product still in the research and development stage?
Does your product have performance data that you can share?
(need a yes/no answer)
Will your product carry any safety or health concerns?
Can you provide training requirements for safe and effective operation of your
technology? (need a yes/no answer)
Does your company offer a full warranty for this technology?
(need a yes/no answer)
In signing below, you certify that all submitted information is accurate:
John 7/2ซ^/2Q17
Print Name
(need full name)
Signature
(need signature)
Date
(2017 is not a proper date)
Model III: Design Your Program
41
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MODULE IV
Launch Your Program
SECTIONS
A. Program Infrastructure 44
(j^) B. Branding 48
C. Program Website Development 50
((H)) D. Outreach Activities 52
Ofj)) E. Managing Program Data 54
Suggested time for this module
Model IV: Launch Your Program
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Section A
Pages IV-2 through IV-3
Program Infrastructure
^ A. Program Infrastructure
Staff slowly; start small and grow with each new phase.
Prioritize program management, voluntary program design,
emissions testing, and automotive engineering skills.
Hire those with strong interpersonal skills and technical
experience with trucking.
Add staff with marketing and brand management expertise to
manage outgoing communications.
Learning Objectives
Identify the skillsets, backgrounds, and experience
necessary in selecting employees to staff and develop a
TVR
Recognize different stages of program development
and understand how program growth will affect staffing
needs.
Key Points
During the initial development phase, staff should be
selected for broad program management experience,
familiarity with diesel technologies and testing protocols,
and connections to both the manufacturers and end
users of these technologies.
As theTVP expands, consider adding staff with more
depth of technical expertise in different emissions reduc-
tion strategies or staff members with air quality and
public health regulatory experience.
Because all elements of aTVP require outreach and
ongoing support, experts with specialized experience in
marketing and communications will be valuable.
44
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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GROUP EXERCISE 8
Stakeholder Role Play
Select a participant to be a vendor and another
to be a fleet manager. (If possible, select people
who have no background or experience in
these roles in real life.) Assign a third person
to take notes. The rest of the group will beTVP
representatives.
Give the "vendor" and the "fleet manager" the relevant sets of questions from Appendix
B's "Stakeholder Scripts" section.
Ask the "vendor" and "fleet manager" to come to the front of the room and face the
group. They should then begin their dialogue and question the "TVP representatives" while
the note taker records main points and issues that are raised. Refer to the answer key (on
the following pages) to assist participants as needed.
After the role play ends, have the note taker review the points and issues that were raised
and facilitate a discussion on what skills and knowledge were or would have been most
helpful for theTVP staff to have.
Summing Up
Emphasize the importance of hiring experienced program mangers early on to drive success and
long-term stability of aTVR
Review the key skills that program designers and administrators should look for when building a
capable team.
Group Exercise 8
Stakeholder Role Play
Model IV: Launch Your Program
45
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Stakeholder Scripts Answer Key
Sample Questions for Technology Vendors
1. Who may apply to a technology verification program?
Any technology developer, manufacturer, or its authorized representative may apply.
2. Why should I seek verification for my new technology?
Breaking into the market with innovations can be a significant challenge, since innovations by
definition cannot show a successful track record. Without credible information about innova-
tive technologies, potential purchasers are unsure whether to trust the claims made about the
performance. As a result, manufacturers and vendors often face difficulties when marketing their
innovative, potentially excellent technologies because of inaccurate assessments of their risks,
benefits, and limitations. This in turn creates a disincentive to develop and innovate new tech-
nologies. The primary goal of this program is to provide independent and credible information on
new technologies by verifying that performance claims put forward by technology developers
and vendors are complete, fair, and based on reliable test results. The confirmed performance
claim is presented in the form of a verification report, which the vendor or manufacturer can use
in marketing and in building trustworthy business relationships with potential customers and
investors.
3. What technologies are good candidates for verification?
Any innovative fuel-saving or emission-reducing technology that is ready for market uptake, for
which an independent validation of its performance will help build purchasers' trust and accelerate
market penetration, is a good candidate.
4. When is a technology ready for verification?
The technology can be verified once it is ready for commercialization or is already available to
consumers.
5. What is the verification process?
a. Requirements: New technologies meet the device eligibility requirements before vendors
submit an application.
b. Application: Applicants complete the form in its entirety.
c. Device information: During the application process, applicants should begin preparing
descriptions, engineering drawings, test data, and in-use testing data. Program X will contact
applicants with instructions for submission.
d. Testing: Testing consists of selecting a qualified test facility, developing a test plan, and
working with Program X to ensure the quality of the testing. Please do not conduct verifica-
tion testing without Program X approval.
46
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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e. Evaluation: Program X will review the verification test data. If the data are satisfactory.
Program X will issue a verification letter and add the technology to the verified technologies
list.
6. How do I submit a technology for verification with your program?
Visit our website at www.programx.gov and download an application form. Complete it and email
it to the address provided. Additional instructions are provided on our website.
Sample Questions for Fleet Managers
1. What are green products and services?
Generally, a product may be considered "green" if it poses less harm to human health or the envi-
ronment than other products that serve the same purpose.
2. How do I learn more about available verified technologies?
Visit Program X's website or websites of otherTVPs, such as EPA's at www.epa.gov/smartway/
learn-about-smartway-verified-technologies.
3. Why should I use these technologies?
Over the past decade, technological advancements have made unprecedented improvements
in supply chain freight efficiency. Many fleets are adopting verified technologies because they
deliver a rapid return on investment, saving fuel and reducing emissions for tractors, trailers, and
locomotives. Verified technologies include aerodynamic devices, idling reduction equipment, and
new and retread low rolling resistance tires.
4. Does this program endorse specific products or companies?
No.
5. What are the most important things I consider when purchasing green products
and services?
Despite a manufacturer's or vendor's best intentions, not all claims that a product is green are
meaningful or accurate. What makes a product green is complex. As a start, look for products and
services verified as meeting standards or ecolabels that:
Cover the key impact areas for that product or service.
Were issued or supported by organizations widely respected and trusted.
Are managed by a legitimateTVP
Model IV: Launch Your Program
47
-------
|ffi| Section B
Pages IV-3 through IV-5
Branding
B. Branding
Learning Objectives
Create a logo.
Develop a mission statement.
Incorporate brand elements
consistently into outreach materials.
Develop program branding and outreach strategies before the
program launches.
Understand the importance of branding and its role in
helping to distinguish vehicles or equipment that use
verified technologies from those that don't.
Key Points
Establishing and presenting a consistent brand is crucial
for effective marketing and outreach campaigns.
ป A well-constructed brand should reflect the program's
attributes, values, purposes, and strengths.
The program logo should reflect the program's brand.
All programs need at least some basic outreach
materials.
48
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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GROUP EXERCISE 9
Create a Brand Platform
For the first half of this exercise, split the partic-
ipants into small discussion groups of three to
four people. Instruct the groups to go through
each question and brainstorm different answers.
Encourage them to consider multiple answers
and perspectives.
During the second half of this exercise, go through each question with the entire group and
call on each group to respond with the answers that they came up with.
Prompt them for their justifications or rationale, especially when groups come up with
different answers.
Summing Up
Review the importance of a strong brand in developing consistent marketing and outreach tools
and approaches.
Summarize the discussion from the exercise. Encourage participants to consider how their sample
platform might function now and in the future, when goals and technologies may have changed.
Group Exercise 9
Create a Brand Platform
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Model IV: Launch Your Program
49
-------
Program Website
Learning Objectives
Understand how a program website functions as a
primary method by which industry stakeholders view,
explore, and access the program.
Decide which pieces of information are most critical for
industry stakeholders to access and how the website
should be organized to make the information available to
them.
Key Points
Websites serve as a repository for program information
and a potential communications center.
TheTVP's most important pieces, and the ways in which
stakeholders will interact with them, will influence the
website's design.
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
ฉ
Section C
Pages IV-6 through IV-7
C. Program Website Development
Map how information will be organized on webpages.
Put the most important information on home and landing pages.
Include information on verified technologies, program materials,
regulatory updates, database portal, FAQs, and personnel
contact information.
Apply branding.
-------
Development
Summing Up
Emphasize the critical importance of a well-functioning, well-maintained website to stakeholder
engagement and program success.
Program administrators will need to ultimately determine what roles the website will fill within the
broader program.
If time permits, navigate to someTVP websites to show participants how various programs
have chosen to organize information online.
Links to TVP Websites:
www.epa.gov/verified-diesel-tech/smartway-technology
www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/verdev.htm
www.vert-certification.eu
Model IV: Launch Your Program
51
-------
Section D
Pages IV-7 through IV-9
Outreach Activities
D. Outreach Activities
Examine how and where your target audience finds information.
Ask colleagues and professional connections to help spread
information.
Reach out to prominent industry sources.
Attend events.
Invite prospective participants to
meet and share materials and ideas.
Publicly recognize participants.
Learning Objectives
Identify the target audiences who might participate in or
would benefit from this program.
Describe specific strategies for reaching different audi-
ences and the benefits of marketing to multiple groups.
Key Points
Each key target audience receives and consumes
information in its own way. So each requires its own
combination of outreach efforts.
Become familiar with professional outreach strategies
to reach and engage stakeholders. Plan to use the ones
that are most effective in reaching target audiences.
Public recognition from a program can incentivize partici-
pants to take action.
Summing Up
Acknowledge that different audiences will need different
outreach strategies. Public recognition is often a
powerful motivator to get companies to participate.
Highlight some of the key organizations and industry
resources that may have information on who would be
the best participants in aTVP and discuss how to access
these resources.
52
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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GROUP EXERCISE 10
Communications Plan Basics
Ask the group to brainstorm these different
elements and complete this matrix to establish
the basic foundation of a communications plan. As
ideas are mentioned, note them in the appropriate
square.
Target Audience
Primary Messages
or Call to Action
Dissemination
Mechanisms
Frequency
Fleet managers
Use the list to inform your
equipment and retrofit
purchasing decisions
Publications read by fleet
managers
Websites visited by fleet
managers
Freight conferences
Direct contact
Ad every quarter
Banner for six months
Annual
Two contact attempts
Group Exercise 10
Communications Plan Basics
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Model IV: Launch Your Program
S3
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ฉ
Section E
Page IV-10
Managing Program Data
^ E. Managing Program Data
Build a database to collect and store program information.
Launch database before first applications are submitted.
~ Provide access to test results, verified technologies, and
performance.
~ Protect sensitive data with adequate security procedures.
Learning Objectives
Design and select the information and features neces-
sary for aTVP database.
Understand that constant maintenance of this database
is critical to a program's effectiveness.
Key Points
A well-constructed database is central to the operation of
aTVR in that it can:
ป Provide a publically accessible portal to the list of veri-
fied technologies and list of participating companies.
ป Safeguard internal (protected) program information
such as contact information of program participants or
CBI.
ป Track verification applications.
ป CalculateTVP benefits.
The database will need to be maintained with content
updates and adequate security and data recovery
protocols.
Before opening the program portal to applications
and industry stakeholders, be sure the database is
operational!
54
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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Summing Up
Review the importance of a database for providing the information necessary for a functionalTVR
Review how a database may take on diverse functions and applications forTVPs.
Encourage participants to clearly mark such information in any documentation provided as
"CBI." It is essential that all CBI be protected from release to anyone other than the party that
originally submitted it. Any requests for CBI should be routed to the owner/original submitter
for response. Share these guidelines and policies with program participants.
Model IV: Launch Your Program
55
-------
-------
MODULE V
Evaluate, Refine, and Expand
SECTIONS
A. Evaluate Program Performance 58
(^) B. Collect Feedback 60
Of) C. Make Interim Changes 62
Suggested time for this module
Module V: Evaluate, Refine, and Expand
57
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Section A
Page V- 2
Evaluate Program
^ A. Evaluate Program Performance
~ Perform annual program assessments to identify potential
problems and program strengths.
~ Track number of applicants and verified technologies installed.
~ Calculate emissions reductions and fuel savings.
^y-SmartVfey
Learning Objectives
Understand and describe the importance of conducting
periodic evaluations of aTVP's performance.
Identify key processes for conducting reviews that elicit
meaningful results and feedback.
Key Points
Reviewing key metrics (such as the number of verified
technology installations and yearly/cumulative emissions
reductions) will provide data-driven and quantitative feed-
back about progress toward program goals.
TVP administrators should monitor and review over-
arching trends in the freight industry and align their
program's vision and activities with them.
Stay abreast of emerging technologies and position the
program to provide information on the latest advances.
58
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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Performance
GROUP EXERCISE 11
Examine an Example Benefits
Calculation
Walk the group through the process of how
someone might calculate the benefits aTVP
delivers over the course of one year.
Start by directing participants to the worksheet
for Group Exercise 11, found in Appendix B of
the Manual,
Next, walk participants through the process for calculating annual emissions reductions by
using the sample data provided and EPA's data found on its online Verified Technologies List
for Clean Diesel. Discuss how to perform this calculation using local program data once
they become available.
Summing Up
Review how an annual/periodic program review will help identify areas for improvement.
Review the example benefits calculation. Encourage participants to try the exercise on their own
after the workshop ends, using different technologies, activity levels, and other assumptions. This
will enable participants to explore how changing the focus of theirTVP can help them address the
different environmental and public health issues.
Group Exercise 11
Examine an Example Benefits Calculation
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Module V: Evaluate, Refine, and Expand
59
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|ffi| Section B
Pages V-2 through V-5
Collect Feedback
| B. Collect Feedback
Collect input to guide adjustments and review effectiveness.
Develop list of questions for each stage.
Request both quantitative and qualitative feedback.
Conduct a survey of test labs, technology vendors, and
purchasers of verified technologies.
Collect feedback through
interviews, focus groups, and
stakeholder meetings.
Learning Objectives
Explain the importance of collecting feedback from
different stakeholders on various program elements.
Identify questions, topics, and issues that specific stake-
holders may be able to speak to.
Key Points
Collecting feedback should not be a one-time event.
It should take place across multiple stages of the
program's development and with a diverse group of
stakeholders.
Gathering feedback through different channels, tools, and
techniques can help pinpoint different issues and bring
more subtle problems to light.
60
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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GROUP EXERCISE 12
Group Exercise 12
Brainstorm Feedback Questions
Brainstorm Feedback Questions
Ask each participant to spend a few minutes
thinking about questions to elicit feedback. Ask
them to write down at least three.
Reconvene as a group and ask participants
to read their questions aloud. Write down the
responses on a board.
Facilitate discussion around the questions that arose most frequently and those that few
mentioned. Allow for the exchange of ideas among participants.
Feedback is an important aspect by which program administrators can learn how effective the
design and direction of their program is.
Recap some of the feedback questions that come up during the group exercise. Emphasize how
these questions could be used to target specific issues that newTVPs may encounter.
Summing Up
Module V: Evaluate, Refine, and Expand
61
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Section C
Pages V-5 through V-6
Make Interim Changes
MODULE V
J C. Make Interim Changes
Review performance assessments and feedback.
Identify problem areas.
Modify processes, guidelines, instructions, or outreach materials
to address concerns.
Re-evaluate technologies and adoption rates.
Consider economic incentives for using individual technologies,
and review viability for future.
Update list of certified labs.
Learning Objectives
Recognize that some feedback may indicate a need for
mid-course corrections or even a significant program
overhaul to an already operating TVR
Identify some specific issues that may require adjust-
ment, due to the dynamic nature of the freight industry.
Key Points
Technology development is a continual process, so aTVP
should be ready to add, drop, or investigate technologies
as appropriate. A variety of factors exert influence on tech-
nology development.
TVPs often add an extra step for manufacturers and
vendors who want their technologies verified before
taking them to market. Engaging with industry stake-
holders and incorporating their feedback can help maintain
their support for the program and these extra steps.
If emissions targets are not being met, be prepared to
review and refine the targets, strategies, and assumptions
used to develop the program.
62
How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program: A Guide for Trainers
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Summing Up
Review the importance of updating and adjusting how theTVP is designed and implemented.
Module V: Evaluate, Refine, and Expand
63
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&EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-B-21-029
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
May 2021
Washington, DC 20460
www.epa.gov
o Printed on processed chlorine-free, 100% recycled paper with a minimum 50% post-consumer fiber using vegetable-based ink.
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